Composition: Mono saccharides, probiotics, salt (sodium chloride) high purity, sodium bicarbonate.
Trace elements: Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium.
Vitamins: A, D3, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, K.
Water-soluble complex feed powder supplement for the basic diet of calves from 5 days to 6 months to prevent dehydration diseases with symptoms of dyspepsia.
Prepare the nutrient solution at the rate of 50 g per 1 liter of hot water (38-40°C) and give to problem calves in the amount of 0.5 l – 1l between feedings (but not earlier than 2 hours after feeding). Prepared cocktail can be given to calves a few times a day during 2-5 days till the termination of dyspepsia symptoms.
Restores appetite, calves successfully consume the basic feed, get an effective start and have good body weight gain.


text:
About Creative Writing at Leicester
Naomi Krüger, "May"
Naomi Krüger is a writer and academic based in Lancashire. Her short fiction has been commissioned by Lancaster Litfest, commended in Aesthetica and published in various literary journals. Her debut novel May was published in 2018 by Seren. It was highly commended in the Yeovil Prize, longlisted in the Not the Booker Prize and described by Wales Art Review as 'a rewarding read: an ambitious novel that speaks to our times.' Naomi has an MA and PhD from Lancaster University and lectures in Literature and Creative Writing at the University of Central Lancashire. Her website is here. You can read a review of May on Everybody's Reviewing here.
About May
The door to the past has been locked to May but fragments of memories still remain: a boy running on the green, his fiery hair, a letter without a stamp, a secret she promised not to tell. She can't piece together the past or even make sense of the present, but she revisits what she knows again and again. The boy, the letter, the secret. She can't grasp what they mean, but maybe the people she's loved and lost can uncover the mystery of the red-headed boy and his connection to May.
Like memories, the book moves through the decades, weaving together the lives of May's family and Afsana, the woman who cares for her at the nursing home. Their recollections are linked by feelings of doubt, remorse and a sense that they are mourning the paths their lives could have taken. Aftershocks from the past reverberate in the present.
You can read an excerpt from Afsana's perspective below.
From May
The newsreader is wearing too much make up. It makes her look old. Her hair is as stiff as a helmet. She re-caps the main stories. I'll feel bad later. I'll have to make it up to him. I'll tell him I know I'm selfish. I'll tell him I'm trying to change. Push the bowl away and think about May. I can't help it. The images come whether I want them to or not, driving out the pictures of water rushing through shop doorways and people – ordinary people – climbing onto the roofs to get away. Her obsession with the boy starting again. Getting worse because of my stupidity. The enchanted boy. The boy who runs into the trees. He came to the back door once, she said, with nothing on. Not a stitch. And there was frost on the ground. His little toes must have been turning to ice. He was jumping up and down on the spot. Wouldn't even stay still long enough for them to wrap him in a blanket.
But there's nothing at all about him in her memory book. No photos, no records. Only a daughter and never any siblings of her own. Then again, if Dadi ever ended up in a place like that I might not be in her memory book either. It would be easier that way. Better not to exist than to be such a disappointment.
The sound of Ewan moving around next door. I tiptoe to the bookcase and crouch down to look in the bottom shelf. The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Baba had one too, a different edition and not so concise. He kept it high in his office so we had to ask him to get it down when we needed it for homework. I pray the word is spelt how it sounds. Gill mentioned it so casually, as though it was a normal part of conversation. There's new research, she said, that suggests that sometimes the best way to keep them happy is just to play along. The pages are thin like scripture. The words so tiny they move and blend. I run my finger down the list and find it between confab and confect. Confabulate. Con. Fab. U. Late. Imaginary experiences as compensation for memory loss. Maybe Ewan's right. I'm just wasting my time on things that don't matter. The boy's not coming. It's all fantasy. Most likely he never existed at all.
Posted by Creative Writing at Leicester at 03:52 No comments:
Labels: dementia, featured author, featured writer, fiction, May, Naomi Krüger, novel, Seren, University of Central Lancashire
Graham Mort, "Like Fado and Other Stories"
Graham Mort is Emeritus Professor of Creative Writing and Transcultural Literature at Lancaster University. He was born where a post-industrial mill town merged with rural Lancashire and became an academic after jobs as a gardener, mill operative, dairy worker, psychiatric nursing orderly, teacher and freelance writer. His work has taken him to many countries in sub-Saharan Africa as well as China, Vietnam and Kurdistan. He has published ten books of poetry; Like Fado is his third book of short fiction. His collection Touch (Seren) won the Edge Hill Prize in 2011 and his story, 'The Prince,' won the Bridport Prize in 2005.
Graham's website is here.
About Like Fado and Other Stories
Like Fado consists of thirteen stories, culminating in the longer novella-style piece 'Whitethorn.' The stories are set in the north-west of England, Italy, Kurdistan, France, Spain, Portugal and South Africa. They are not formally linked, though music is a strong motif in a number of them, underpinned by the structural effects of poetry. The stories are characterised by a prevailing sense of narrative ellipsis and uncertainty compounded by surmise and half-truths as their characters stumble into remembered histories and forgotten futures. In a sense, they're all ghost stories, or the stories themselves are ghosts. The Portuguese musical form of fado, imbued with saudade - an almost inexpressible sense of sadness, lost love and nostalgia – acts as a reference point for the experience and emotions of characters that are both powerfully felt and ambivalently realised.
Like Fado and Other Stories is available here.
In the title story, the narrating character wanders Lisbon, killing time, a flaneur equipped with camera. A chance encounter in the African quarter takes him into a woman's house where she leads him upstairs to her mother. You can read an extract from the story below.
From Like Fado and Other Stories
The old woman was beautiful in the way that only the very old and the very young can be, her skin exquisitely creased, her irises and pupils dark, merging to the point of invisibility. Her hair still black, apart from a crinkling of white at the temples.
I stepped towards the window and saw a group of schoolchildren in the street below being chivvied by their teacher. He wore a lanyard and a straw hat. Inside the room it was hot and still and the sun made wedges of dust where it penetrated the shutters. The younger woman was pointing to my camera, turning to tug at the blinds to let in more light. She cupped her hands towards the figure in the bed. The old lady was emitting short, hoarse breaths.
– Por favor, senhor?
She pointed to the camera again. The old lady turned her face to me, without expression. It was then I realized that she was dying, that the scent in the house was the sweet scent of someone passing from this life to the next.
I took some shots, nudging the window shutters open a little, taking a couple with the aperture closed down, then some wide open, so that only the old lady's face was in focus. Then a shot of her hands where they were folded on the white sheet, tangled in a rosary. The colours in the room were muted. It felt almost pornographic to look at her through a lens. The younger woman was pressed into a corner. Although the old lady was looking at me, she seemed to be watching a far distance. A desert traveller or a sailor nearing home, crossing the seam between this life and whatever lay beyond. As I worked, her eyes drooped and her head turned to one side, breath softening as if she was no longer able to make the effort of wakefulness. Her daughter put her hands together at one side of her face to show me she was sleeping now.
Posted by Creative Writing at Leicester at 08:52 2 comments:
Labels: featured author, Graham Mort, Like Fado and Other Stories, Salt Publishing, short fiction, short stories, short story collection
Call for Submissions for AstroPoetry Competition
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ of Michigan/K. Gültekin;
Optical: NASA/STScI and NAOJ/Subaru; Infrared: NSF/NOAO/KPNO
Call for Submissions for AstroPoetry Competition!
The Centre for New Writing at the University of Leicester invites submissions of cosmologically-themed poems for a competition run in conjunction with NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory in Harvard. The competition is open to all students studying Creative Writing at the University of Leicester, and the deadline for entries is Friday 12 February 2021. The winning entry will be published on Chandra X-Ray Observatory's remarkable and world-famous blog. The competition grows out of our second-year undergraduate module, Using Stories, as part of which students explore how scientific discoveries, themes and images can inspire new writing.
What you have to do
The challenge is to write a poem, no longer than 30 lines, inspired in some way by one of the news stories on Chandra X-Ray Observatory's blog, which you can see here. The nature of this inspiration is up to you - it might be a matter of theme, imagery, language, or a mixture of these things, just so long as it's clear that the poem is connected in some way with the original news story. You should submit your poem as an email attachment to Jonathan Taylor (jt265[at]le[dot]ac[dot]uk) by the deadline, including the weblink to the specific news story to which your poem relates.
Some guidelines
You need to be a student taking at least one module in Creative Writing at the University of Leicester to enter.
You should specify which news story on Chandra's blog your poem relates to.
Entries will be judged by Jonathan Taylor at the University of Leicester. The judge's decision is final.
The deadline is Friday 12 February 2021.
The winning entry will be published on Chandra's blog; runners-up may be published on the Creative Writing at Leicester blog.
You can read the winning poems from previous poetry competitions we have run with Chandra X-Ray Observatory in 2016 here and 2017 here. You can read the runner-up poems from the 2017 competition here. You can read some poems Jonathan Taylor wrote for Chandra here, here, here and here.
Thank you to Dr. Peter Edmonds and everyone at NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory for their kind help in running this unique competition.
Labels: astropoetry, call for submissions, Chandra, Chandra X-Ray Observatory, competition, cosmology, NASA, poetry, poetry competition, space, student competition, students, Using Stories
Nigel Pantling, "It's Not Personal"
Nigel Pantling has been a soldier, a civil servant and an investment banker, and for the last twenty years has advised chief executives of companies on strategy. He has written about these worlds in two pamphlets, Belfast Finds Log (Shoestring Press, 2014) and Hip Hind Hook (Smith|Doorstop, 2018), which relate the dangers and human frailties he saw as a soldier in Northern Ireland and during the Cold War, and in his first full collection Kingdom Power Glory (Smith|Doorstop, 2016) which lifts the lid on the secret worlds of Whitehall and the City.
About It's Not Personal
It's Not Personal (Smith|Doorstop, 2020) evokes a life, from childhood in the fifties, through the challenges and eccentricities of the workplace, to the unpredictability of family, love, and death. These are poems concerned with truth; but just as importantly, with what it means to tell a story. You can watch Nigel reading from It's Not Personal at the on-line launch, hosted by Martha Sprackland, in November 2020 here. You can read three poems from the collection below.
From It's Not Personal
On the Way Home from Choir Practice
He was older and bigger than me, and his punch
was as glorious and unexpected as
when we trebles hit the top A in the Kyrie.
I'd done nothing to deserve that.
Oh my outrage as I named him to the police.
I wanted him tracked down, humiliated, punished.
The doubts took years. Had I provoked him?
Maybe I'd exaggerated my shock and the pain?
His mother, when she came round to apologise,
blaming it all on her being so ill with the cancer:
how had she deserved that? And how had he?
I'd pressed charges: where was the mercy in that?
Something My Girlfriend Said to Me
Do you remember, when you were a boy,
how the chimes of an ice-cream van
could bring on a rush of excitement,
how you struggled with the choice –
a strawberry mivvi, a rocket lolly,
or a 99 with hundreds and thousands –
how different each felt
in your mouth,
on your tongue,
how wonderful
it was to know that
if you chose a mivvi today,
you could still have a 99 tomorrow?
Well that's how it is with me and men.
Final Interview for MI6
There are five of them this time, seated in a row.
No introductions and no name cards.
They give you a hard time but you keep going.
Then the young woman, surely the most junior
but doing most of the talking, tells you to imagine
you're in a hostile country, and to choose one of them
to be the local you have to entrap, suborn, entice,
seduce or otherwise persuade to come over.
She gives that look you've got wrong before, so you choose
the blimp beside her, and greeting him like an old friend,
commiserate on his child's poor health, and then pretend
you've had him photographed as he takes your gift of cash.
When you arrive home, the offer letter is on the doormat.
Slippery bastard chose me. 'Hello Mikhail, it's good to see you,
let's have a beer, and I'm so sorry to hear the baby's poorly.'
Chummy as you like. Perfectly believable. Of course I just blinked.
Took some time to get to the point, but at last he offered me cash,
for 'medical treatment,' one diplomat to another, no questions asked.
When he mentioned the camera, it could have been me thirty years ago.
I was for saying no. But none of the others had been in the field.
Labels: featured author, featured poet, It's Not Personal, Nigel Pantling, poetry, Smith Doorstop
Kevan Manwaring, "Black Box"
Dr Kevan Manwaring is a lecturer in Creative Writing at the University of Winchester. He is an alumnus of the University of Leicester, where he completed his PhD in Creative Writing under the supervision of Dr Harry Whitehead in 2018. He also taught Creative Writing at the university. His novel and now audio drama Black Box was written alongside his doctoral research, inspired by interdisciplinary conversations on campus and visits to the National Space Centre. It won the national 'One Giant Write' science fiction manuscript competition in 2016.
Prize-winning eco-science fiction novel Black Box, by Kevan Manwaring, has been adapted into a gripping audio drama by Alternative Stories and Fake Realities as part of their CliFi season.
Inspired by the cutting edge research into artificial intelligence and space exploration at the University of Leicester (where Kevan completed his PhD and won various writing commissions) Black Box was written as a 'side novel' during his part-time research degree – a break from researching Scottish folklore for his main project. He entered the national Literature Works 'One Giant Write' science fiction novel manuscript competition 'on a whim' and won it.
Kevan wrote a draft of Black Box while on writing retreat in a remote croft on the coast of Wester Ross, Western Highlands. To research the settings of the novel he visited the National Space Centre, and the biomes of the Eden Project in Cornwall.
Adapting his own opening chapters for the pilot episodes, Kevan has worked closely with sound engineer and Alternative Stories director, Chris Gregory, who recruited and recorded professional British and American actors, and created the soundtrack and soundscape.
Launched as part of the Alternative Stories CliFi season, Kevan was interviewed about his project in a special feature alongside fellow writer Anna Orridge, whose short story, 'Backdrop,' was also adapted. You can listen to the interview here.
Black Box is a dark eco-science fiction thriller about the consequences of exploration of the Solar System and beyond. A desperate mission to find water – and the possibility of life – on one of Jupiter's moons is set against a backdrop of a dying Earth. Kevan says: 'In Black Box, I wanted to look into the abyss, but I also wanted to offer a glimmer of hope. I offer not another bleak dystopian vision of the future, nor a wildly optimistic utopia, but what Atwood terms an "Ustopia" - for one man's heaven is another man's hell.'
You can listen to all three pilot episodes of Black Box here.
Labels: Alternative Stories, audio drama, Black Box, cli-fi, clifi, Kevan Manwaring, production, radio drama, science fiction, speculative fiction
Anna Vaught, "Saving Lucia"
Anna Vaught is a novelist, poet, essayist, short fiction writer, editor and a secondary English teacher, tutor and mentor, mental health advocate and mum of 3. 2020 saw the publication of Anna's third novel, Saving Lucia (Bluemoose), which has just been longlisted for the Barbellion Prize, and a first short story collection, Famished (Influx). Anglo-Welsh, she splits her time between Wiltshire, Wales, and the Southern US. She is currently finishing a new novel and working on some non-fiction, while a further novel and second short story collection are on the desk. Anna's essays, reviews, articles, and features have been featured widely online and in print. She is represented by Kate Johnson of Mackenzie Wolf Literary Agents, in New York City. Her website is here. She is also on Twitter @BookwormVaught and Instagram @bookwormvaught6.
Anna Vaught will be giving a guest talk and masterclass as part of the MA in Creative Writing at the University of Leicester on Wednesday 3 March 2021. If you are interested in attending, please email Jonathan Taylor (jt265[at]le[dot]ac[dot]uk).
About Saving Lucia
How would it be if four lunatics went on a tremendous adventure, reshaping their pasts and futures as they went, including killing Mussolini? What if one of those people were a fascinating, forgotten aristocratic assassin and the others a fellow life co-patient, James Joyce's daughter Lucia, another the first psychoanalysis patient, known to history simply as 'Anna O,' and finally 19th Century Paris's Queen of the Hysterics, Blanche Wittmann? That would be extraordinary, wouldn't it? How would it all be possible? Because, as the assassin Lady Violet Gibson would tell you, those who are confined have the very best imaginations.
Saving Lucia explores the last days of the life of the Hon Violet Gibson, would-be assassin of Mussolini. In St Andrew's Hospital, her lifetime co-patient is Lucia Joyce, daughter of James Joyce, and Lucia helps Violet to organise one last and extraordinary adventure, together with two other well-known psychiatric patients, and in the process secure freedom and understanding for herself. Saving Lucia is historical fiction with strong fantastical elements woven in - the journey undertaken is itself a work of prodigious fantasy - plus refrains and rhythms from the works of James Joyce, particularly Finnegans Wake. It is a testimony to the role of the imagination in mental illness and in confinement and its stimulus was the long and difficult experience of its author, who saw these women not as cases, but as heroines.
Below, you can read the opening page of the novel.
From Saving Lucia
Violet Albina Gibson, the Honourable, was behind bars, wearing an immaculate black crepe dress, clasping her finest manners and a lovely, lacquered fountain pen, for letters to Churchill and others. She was a criminal because, in April 1926, in Rome, she shot Mussolini. And she was insane with it; an assassin with devotions, prayers and visions. Not a steady-handed murderer, but one that broke apart most untidily and could not be trusted. In prison, in Rome, she threw a chamber pot at her guard and a flower press at a crackbrain; for an Honourable lady, such rude things she said. Then there were the screams and intransigence: strange mystical tantrums. And in 1927, when they put her in the mental hospital, in England, behind those necessary bars, through which you saw a fine vista—oh and the borders were lovely this year! —she would never do a jigsaw or embroidery, when instructed for her own good. Only towards the end of her life would she do one thing they suggested: she agreed to stand outside with the birds and encourage them to feed from her hands.
Other than that, a hopeless obdurate virago, a strange dotty old girl, mad with religion. And a danger. Or a nuisance. Or both.
Labels: Anna Vaught, Bluemoose Books, featured author, guest lecture, historical fiction, MA in Creative Writing, mentoring, novel, Saving Lucia
Congratulations to Jane Simmons!
Congratulations to Jane Simmons, poet and PhD student in Creative Writing at the University of Leicester, whose poem "Nativity" has just won the Seren Christmas Poetry Competition 2020. You can read her poem on Seren's blog here.
Jane Simmons is a former teacher/lecturer who completed an MA in Creative Writing at the University of Lincoln. She is now a Creative Writing PhD student at the University of Leicester, where her research project is The Poetics and Politics of Motherhood, a practice-led exploration of motherhood through an environmental and political lens, engaging with the theme creatively and as it is treated in contemporary women's poetry. As a reviewer for The Blue Nib literary magazine, Jane has built a significant publication history of writing about contemporary women's poetry. A small selection of her own poems appeared in the March 2019 edition of the magazine. Her collection From Darkness into Light – poems inspired by the Book of Kells – was published in 2018. Further poems appeared in the anthology The View from the Steep. She has work forthcoming in Ink, Sweat & Tears. Jane regularly reads and performs her work in the Lincoln area. She won the G. S. Fraser Prize for Poetry in both 2019 and 2020; you can read her winning poems here and here. She recently gave a guest lecture and reading at Leicester University, on the first-year undergraduate module "Introduction to Writing Creatively."
Labels: Christmas, competition, Congratulations, Jane Simmons, PhD in Creative Writing, poetry, Seren, Seren Christmas Poetry Competition 2020, winner
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Creative Writing at Leicester
This blog features work in progress, articles, reviews, links and reflection by Ph.D students, MA students, BA students, graduates and staff at the university and in the wider community. If you'd like to get in contact with us about the blog, please email us at creativewritingatleicester@gmail.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Истаютланский миштекский язык (Ixtayutla Mixtec, Mixteco de Santiago Ixtayutla, Northeastern Jamiltepec Mixtec, Santiago Ixtayutla) — миштекский язык, на котором говорят в городах Истаютла, Йано-Верде, Йано-Эскондидо, Йомуче, Карасуль, Ксиниюба, Ла-Умедад, Лас-Лимас, Макауйте, Нуюку, Олинтепек, Пуэбло-Вьехо, Сан-Лукас, Сантьяго-Истаютла, Фрутийо, Эль-Карасоль, Эль-Моско, Эль-Уамуче, Юкуя округа Хамильтепек штата Оахака в Мексике.

Алфавит на латинской основе: A a, Ch ch, E e, I i, Ɨ ɨ, K k, Ku ku, L l, M m, N n, Nd nd, Ndy ndy, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, Ty ty, U u, V v, X x, Y y, '.

Примечания

Языки Мексики
Миштекские языки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Campaigning for human rights in the age of the internet
Aug 5 2014 2:07PM
Twitter suspends accounts used for Chinese propaganda
Twitter has suspended accounts used by the Chinese government to spread its propaganda about Tibet. This follows an investigation by Free Tibet working with the New York Times.
Campaigning for human rights in the age of the internet By VeggieKris


text:
using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;

namespace osu.Game.Skinning
{
    public class SkinComboColourLookup
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The index to use for deciding the combo colour.
        /// </summary>
        public readonly int ColourIndex;

        /// <summary>
        /// The combo information requesting the colour.
        /// </summary>
        public readonly IHasComboInformation Combo;

        public SkinComboColourLookup(int colourIndex, IHasComboInformation combo)
        {
            ColourIndex = colourIndex;
            Combo = combo;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Get notification in my client code I want to get the notifications about any change in any issues in my jira server.
I have basic code for connecting jira from java code using jira-rest-java-client library that they have provided.
I searched their javadocs and also went through some classes in that API library but I could not find any methods/classes which would be helpful to me.
Does anyone know if it is possible to get notification events from changes in jira to my java code (may be via polling or something like that).

A: What do you want to achieve?

*

*You want to have push notifications? There isn't any, IMHO.
UPDATE: However, there is this WebHook thingy: https://confluence.atlassian.com/display/JIRA/Managing+Webhooks.
I have no expertise with it, but it is promising, please read this short introduction also: http://blogs.atlassian.com/2012/10/jira-5-2-remote-integration-webhooks/.

*You are looking for something that gives you back what changed in the last N minutes, something like the Activity Stream? You can get the RSS feed of Activity Streams for Projects and for Users.

How
The base URL is https://jira.contoso.com/activity. Then you can append querystring parameters, like maxResults for paginating.
Selecting the data source is through the filters you provide in the streams parameter. It looks like it is JQL, but it's not.
Examples:

*

*List a project's activites: ?streams=key+IS+SOMEPROJ.

*List a user's activites: ?streams=user+IS+foobar.

*List event between two dates: ?streams=update-date+BETWEEN+1425300236000+1425300264999. (Note: the epoch is the millisecond precision epoch.)

*List user activities in one project: ?streams=user+IS+JohnDoe&streams=key+IS+PROJECTKEY.

*More complex ones: ?streams=user+IS+JohnDoe&streams=key+IS+PROJECTKEY&streams=activity+IS+issue:close
Watch out, it is case sensitive, on my JIRA 6.1.9, if I write Is instead of IS, I get an error page (but not if AFTER is not all uppercase o.O).
Also note, that spaces should be encoded as plus signs (+), not URL encoded (%20 for spaces).
If you go to your JIRA, and fetch the following URL: https://jira.yourserver.com/rest/activity-stream/1.0/config, it will list all the combinations it accepts.
What
The call returns a standard Atom feed. You can then process it with XML query tools, or with other Java-based RSS/ATOM reader libraries.
Noteworthy document about this topic: https://developer.atlassian.com/docs/atlassian-platform-common-components/activity-streams/consuming-an-activity-streams-feed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Word conjecturers meaning. Word conjecturers definition. Free crossword dictionary.
12 letters in word "conjecturers": C C E E J N O R R S T U.
No anagrams for conjecturers found in this word list.
Please answer - what are some words ending with miler?


Posted by Neo Falcon on Sun 4th Mar 2012, rated 10 / 10.
I really like this song! This is actually one of the very first tracker songs I have ever heard, and I really enjoy it! Awesome upload!
Posted by Groboclown on Wed 1st Jun 2011, rated 10 / 10.
An excellent break-beat song. Great samples and mixing. I consider it one of the better techno songs I have.
Posted by TMA Placeholder Account on Sun 29th Aug 1999, rated 10 / 10.
Breaks From Narvik is a fast-paced techno tune. It makes good use of loud, chaotic samples while still retaining a steady beat, which results in an interesting piece, like a cross between Aphex Twin and The Chemical Brothers. Its variety of samples makes it almost classify under a number of categories; at times it sounds like Rave, at others, almost House. It is undeniably techno, however, the likes of which would most likely be heard in a futuristic racer such as Wip3out. An amazing tune that gets caught in your head and won't let go, Breaks From Narvik is undoubtably one of the best mods -- if not SONGS -- I've ever heard. Breaks From Narvik makes use of a variety of beats, some of which are sampled and others of which are played live. These are strung together very well, giving the piece a polished sound. Many of the noises which comprise the majority of this piece are strung together from very simple samples, more than outweighing the sum of their parts. Listening to the song track by track, you can really hear the way fairly basic or seemingly random samples are combined to make an amazing song.


text:
Q: Footer using Avada Theme in Wordpress and the Polylang Plug-In I am currently using the Avada Theme. I want to create a multilingual site - for that I installed the Plugin called "Polylang". I want to have two sites - one in English, and one in German. Unfortunately with this plugin the Avada theme does not show the footer that is set in the layout options in the theme for the German version of my site.
I also tried to use the WordPress Footer widgets, but with those I was not able to display my footer as I wanted to. But maybe there is a simple solution with the footer widgets.
I want to display the footer like that - simple as that:

The texts are linking to different site. Does anyone got a solution?

A: This caught me out too.
In the same way that Polylang gives you options to add different language versions of a post, it also gives you the same options within Avada layouts.
Go to the Avada Layouts Builder page. Pick a custom layout section (e.g. Footer). Edit that and you'll find the same language options on the right.
Copy the basic text of your EN layout code. Hit the plus for German. Copy your text. Name it Footer DE or something, tweak it as required, and it should solve the problem.


text:
Air Passenger Duty: What you can do to scrap travel tax
Increases in Air Passenger Duty take effect on November 1. Charles Starmer-Smith reports on the likely impact it will have on travel and outlines why Britons must oppose it.
By Charles Starmer-Smith 30 October 2009 • 11:01am
Air Passenger Duty: The tax will penalise the ordinary British holidaymaker on a well-earned break Credit: Photo: GETTY
The first of two increases in Air Passenger Duty (APD) comes into effect on November 1. Under a new four-tier banding system (based on the distance from London to the destination's capital city), the duty in economy class will rise from £10 to £11 per person on short-haul flights, from £40 to £45 or £50 on medium-haul flights, and from £40 to £55 on long-haul flights. Prices for passengers in premium-economy cabins will rise by up to £30. Next November, the increases will be even steeper.
The tax – originally presented as an environmental measure – will penalise not the well-off business traveller who flies on private jets but the ordinary British holidaymaker on a well-earned break.
APD has united the travel industry in unprecedented fashion. Airlines, cruise lines, airports, tour operators and environmental groups all see it as misguided and misleading. They argue that it will be damaging for travel, tourism, business, the economy and the environment.
The Daily Telegraph shares that view. Today we begin a campaign for APD to be scrapped. We hope you will join us by signing our petition, which we plan to present to both the Government and the main opposition parties.
Ten reasons why APD must be abolished:
1 Disproportionate increase
In 2004 the Government imposed APD at £5 for short-haul flights and £20 for long-haul flights. In that time, airlines have improved the efficiency of their fleets, yet the Government's response has been to raise the tax on flights by up to 425 per cent. This comes as the travel industry is having to contend with rising fuel prices, the recession and a weak pound. The International Air Transport Association reports that, globally, airlines lost $17 billion last year. When the biggest increases in duty are due, next November, some airlines may not be around to see them.
2 Private jets exempt
While travellers on commercial aircraft have to pay the tax, passengers on private jets do not. In other words, Roman Abramovich, Sir Philip Green, Simon Cowell and company will continue to be exempt, but families going on summer holiday will now pay even more. If this is really a green tax, then surely fuel-inefficient private jets should face the most severe penalties.
3 Cargo exempt
While ordinary passengers face paying up to 118 per cent more, cargo companies will avoid any such charges. A poll this week found that 80 per cent of Britons believe the tax should be extended to cover cargo and private jets. Presumably, the 20 per cent who disagreed work for cargo companies or enjoy the use of private jets.
4 Caribbean crisis
The Caribbean has been unjustly hit under the tax. The Government's banding system means that travellers to Los Angeles (11 hours) will incur less duty than those flying to Barbados (eight hours).
5 Egyptian error
It is equally hard to understand why Tunisia is put in Band A (£11), when Egypt is in Band B (£40), alongside the US, Canada, the UAE and Oman. In other words, a 2,100-mile flight to Sharm El Sheikh will cost the same as a 5,500-mile flight to Los Angeles. Malaysia is among the other destinations to be disproportionately penalised.
6 Premium penalty
Premium-economy passengers will be hit hardest. The duty on their seats, which offer a little more legroom for a modest fee, will rise from £80 to £150 by the end of next year. This means a family of four flying to the Caribbean will pay £600 in duty, up from £320 – the same as those in first class or business class. Britain's leading tour operators say they might have to abandon their premium-economy cabins.
7 Economic impact
For evidence of the potential impact of this tax increase, look to Holland. Last year the Dutch government abandoned its equivalent of APD. It had brought in more than 300 million euros in revenue in a year, but the wider cost to the economy – thanks to the increased cost of travelling to Holland – was estimated at more than 1.2 billion euros. Britain, lagging behind the world in climbing out of recession, can not afford to make a similar mistake.
8 Environmental damage
The Government sold APD to the public as a "green" tax, yet not a penny has been spent on environmental causes. The tax generates £2 billion a year. The new system is expected to bring in £3.5 billion by 2012. Yet airlines are adamant that they already cover the cost of their carbon emissions. This tax, based on distance travelled, does not reward those who improve fuel efficiency. Environmental groups say it could slow investment in greener technologies and deter passengers from offsetting emissions on the grounds that they are already "doing their bit" by paying APD.
9 Domestic decline
Given that we are counting down to the Olympics in 2012, is raising APD by up to 118 per cent the best way to promote tourism to Britain? Foreign passengers pay the tax on their return leg. The UK is alone in Europe in having such a tax. Of course, this Government has never demonstrated much of a commitment to an industry that brings in £114 billion a year – there have been eight different tourism ministers in 12 years.
10 Regional penalties
Anyone travelling on a low-cost airline from the British regions to connect to London airports and on to Europe will have to pay the increased tax not just on one flight but on two. We can therefore expect travellers from the regions to avoid London, and the tax, by picking up their long-haul connections in Amsterdam.
Sign our petition to support the Telegraph campaign for APD to be abolished
By Uche Amako 29 Jan 2022, 2:26am
Rafael Nadal vs Daniil Medvedev, Australian Open 2022 men's final: What time is it and where to watch on TV


text:
Drought Monitor: Abnormally dry in the New York's North Country and Adirondacks
by: WSYR Staff
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation approved campground on near Cat Mountain in the Adirondacks. (News 8 WROC Photo/Matt Driffill)
SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WYSR) — According to the latest drought report from the U.S. Drought Monitor released June 11, abnormally dry conditions have expanded into parts of northern New York to include a good portion of Jefferson and Lewis Counties and the Adirondacks.
Since June 1st, Watertown is running close to half inch below normal for precipitation, and more than 2.00″ below normal for the year thus far.
Syracuse is currently running close to an inch below normal for the month of June, but still more than .60″ above normal for the year.
The recent lack of decent rainfall in central and northern New York has lead to dry conditions across the area and parts of New England.
With little to no rain in the forecast for the next week the abnormally dry areas will likely expand farther south into Central New York and the Finger Lakes.
Each week the Storm Team will monitor the conditions when new reports are issued on Thursdays.
More State News Stories
New York wins lawsuit against EPA over clean energy
ALBANY, N.Y. (WTEN) - The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled in favor of a motion to vacate the Trump Administration's Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) rule. New York Attorney General Letitia James lead a coalition that worked against the ACE rule.
The ACE rule replaced the Clean Power Plan, which put a limit on fossil-fueled power plants.
ALBANY, N.Y. (WROC) — Gov. Andrew Cuomo began Wednesday's coronavirus briefing by congratulating President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
"Today is day 326 [of the pandemic in New York state], but in many ways, today is like day one," Gov. Cuomo said. "It's like day one because we start with a new president."
Buyer Beware: State police warn of puppy scam
(WSYR-TV) — New York State Police say multiple people have been scammed out of hundreds of dollars after answering ads for purebred puppies for sale.
Victims report receiving a photo from the suspects of the breed they are looking for and are asked for a deposit to be paid. Once the deposit is cleared, the suspects provide an address that doesn't exist for victims to pick up their puppy. Recently, these fake addresses have been in the St. Lawrence County area.
Here's who is eligible to receive COVID-19 vaccine and where to get it
Find a free rapid COVID-19 test site in the Rochester area


The new NBN Satellite Sky Muster became available from April 2016 as part of the Long Term Satellite Service (LTSS). It is expected to service between 200,000 – 400,000 residences. It is available to residents who can not access NBN Fixed or Fixed Wireless technologies.
NBN Interim satellite service (ISS) was designed to be used by those who could NOT get any other type of broadband connection, installations were between 2011 – 2013 to approximately 40,000 Australian residences. These services were switched off in February 2017.


text:
package com.choodon.rpc.transport.netty.handler.codec;

import com.choodon.rpc.base.exception.RPCFrameworkException;
import com.choodon.rpc.base.protocol.*;
import com.choodon.rpc.transport.netty.common.SerializationEnum;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ReplayingDecoder;
import io.netty.util.Signal;

import java.util.List;

public class TcpProtocolDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<TcpProtocolDecoder.State> {

    private static final int MAX_BODY_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 5;

    public TcpProtocolDecoder() {
        super(State.HEADER_PASS);
    }

    // 协议头
    private final ProtocolHeader header = new ProtocolHeader();

    private static void checkPass(short magic) throws Signal {
        if (magic != ProtocolHeader.PASS) {
            throw new RPCFrameworkException("ILLEGAL_PASS");
        }
    }

    private static int checkBodyLength(int size) throws Signal {
        if (size > MAX_BODY_SIZE) {
            throw new RPCFrameworkException("BODY_TOO_LARGE");
        }
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        switch (state()) {
            case HEADER_PASS:
                checkPass(in.readShort()); // PASS
                checkpoint(State.HEADER_SIGN);
            case HEADER_SIGN:
                header.sign(in.readByte()); // 消息标志位
                checkpoint(State.HEADER_STATUS);
            case HEADER_STATUS:
                header.setStatus(in.readByte()); // 状态位
                checkpoint(State.HEADER_ID);
            case HEADER_ID:
                header.setId(in.readLong()); // 消息id
                checkpoint(State.HEADER_BODY_LENGTH);
            case HEADER_BODY_LENGTH:
                header.setBodyLength(in.readInt()); // 消息体长度
                checkpoint(State.BODY);
            case BODY: {
                switch (header.getMessageCode()) {
                    case ProtocolHeader.HEARTBEAT_PING: {
                        HeartBeatPing ping = new HeartBeatPing(header.getId());
                        checkpoint(State.HEADER_PASS);
                        out.add(ping);
                        break;
                    }
                    case ProtocolHeader.HEARTBEAT_PONG: {
                        HeartBeatPong pong = new HeartBeatPong(header.getId());
                        checkpoint(State.HEADER_PASS);
                        out.add(pong);
                        break;
                    }
                    case ProtocolHeader.REQUEST: {
                        int length = checkBodyLength(header.getBodyLength());
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
                        in.readBytes(bytes);
                        RPCRequest request = new RPCRequest(header.getId());
                        String serializationType = SerializationEnum.valueOf("serialization" + header.getSerializerCode()).getValue()
                                .toString();
                        request.setSerializer(serializationType);
                        request.setBytes(bytes);
                        checkpoint(State.HEADER_PASS);
                        out.add(request);
                        break;
                    }
                    case ProtocolHeader.RESPONSE: {
                        int length = checkBodyLength(header.getBodyLength());
                        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
                        in.readBytes(bytes);
                        RPCResponse response = new RPCResponse(header.getId());
                        response.setStatus(header.getStatus());
                        String serializationType = SerializationEnum.valueOf("serialization" + header.getSerializerCode()).getValue()
                                .toString();
                        response.setSerializer(serializationType);
                        response.setBytes(bytes);
                        checkpoint(State.HEADER_PASS);
                        out.add(response);
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        throw new RPCFrameworkException("ILLEGAL_MSGTYPE");
                }
            }
            break;
            default:
                throw new RPCFrameworkException("ILLEGAL PACKET");
        }
    }

    enum State {
        HEADER_PASS, HEADER_SIGN, HEADER_STATUS, HEADER_ID, HEADER_BODY_LENGTH, BODY
    }
}


text:
Q: Drop View Regardless of Type (Postgres) I'm trying to convert a materialized view to a view. Due to how our schemas are deployed, I have to come up with a SQL script that drops whatever is at the table name, and re-creates the view. However, I receive an error upon re-running this code that the view is not a materialized view, and I need to use DROP VIEW instead. Is there a way to get around this? Will DROP VIEW drop a materialized view as well?

A: You can use the function:
create or replace function drop_any_view(regclass)
returns void language plpgsql as $$
begin
    execute format(
        'drop %s view %s',
            case (select relkind from pg_class where oid = $1)
            when 'm' then 'materialized'
            else '' end,
            $1
        );
end $$;

The function drops a view regardless it is materialized or not.
select drop_any_view('my_view');


The city is becoming much more located in the center of human life. The rapid growth of urbanization all over the world obligates to live an urban dependent life for rural inhabitants as well as those living in the city. With its attractive facilities and the problems that it causes, the city appears as a dream for some, whereas for others it is the place that turns the life into a nightmare. In this sense, all the matters regarding humanity become rapidly urbanized.
Idealkent considering the city as the central element of academic research adopts a publishing principle that generates city-oriented viewpoint for social problems and their solutions. It also accepts the relation between the city and wide range of diciplines. Idealkent desires to offer an academic ground for the studies associating itself with the city and produced in the fields of sociology, psychology, history, philosophy, anthropology, architecture, urban and regional planning, law and political science.
Idealkent pays attention to quantitative and qualitative studies as much as theoretical studies. Additionally, it does not limit its geographical scope with Turkey. With the aim of understanding all urban problems in the global scale, not only Paris, Berlin and London but also Baghdad, Cairo, Tehran, Tokyo, Beijing, Canberra, Mexico City and Rio are involved in its concern.


Phyllis Worsham was my mother's favorite teacher. She was young and pretty and married a football coach in town who had recently lost his wife.
She became a mother to his children and, on certain days, would play the piano in her classroom for her students.
My mother can recall nearly everything about her - down to her perfume. During the school year, Mrs. Worsham tried to drive a truck, with her stepchildren, through high flood water. The water was higher than she thought. It swept them out of the truck, and they all drowned.
The first time I heard this story was only a few months ago, but it devastated me. My mother cried recounting it.
I'm not trying to be depressing, but that story has been on my mind. It makes me think about the decisions I make every day.
Phyllis Worsham was a pebble. My mother was one of her waves. The things that go on in the most regular hours of our day, the conversations we have with our kids, the work we do - it goes past us....long past us.
I think it tends to be very small decisions that life hinges on. The time you left the house a little later than usual, what someone told you the day you were ready to give up, telling a kid they matter, and them hearing it becoming a revelation to them - though you may never know.
Jefferson Street Boxing Club will be a "pebbles in the pond" type of place.
God and grades will come before gloves, but the gloves will matter.
Above every other sport, boxing is the life metaphor, and as Ian Humphrey would say, "It's not about the knockdown – it's about the Get-up".
If you watch the end of the Tyson-Douglas fight, when Tyson goes down, he looks completely lost...fumbling for his mouthpiece. He had no idea how to get up.
That fight was just supposed to be a warm-up for Holyfield, and even though they wouldn't meet for 6 more years, Holyfield said, "I don't believe there is a man in this world that can't be beaten." Of course, Holyfield is right. And, though he is the only 5 time HW Champion in history, he lost 10 fights.
Holyfield knows about losing. Most of the big-hearted, iron-chinned people do.
Our current culture teaches all of us that safety is the most important thing and that we are always in danger. Consequently, we raise people who, once knocked down, aren't quite sure how to get up or wonder if they should even bother. Nowadays, the knockdowns are unexpected as we foolishly try to create a world where they never happen.
I wonder sometimes how much of our world ends up being our choice and how much is chance, and I wonder how much say we have over the knockdowns. We spend so much time trying to avoid our own knockdowns (and those of our children) that we miss the opportunity they present.
Without the knockdown, we can never learn how to get up.
One of the purposes of our boxing club will be embracing life the way it is. And, while mostly, this will be a place where energy is expended on bags, we will be talking a great deal about knockdowns: physical, emotional, and spiritual ones. In order to live life, we all have to learn how to break just a little.
Jefferson Street Boxing Club is about loving our kids "in the future".
My mother would have been 9 when Mrs. Worsham died. I can imagine my mother being an upset child and maybe telling no one what had just floored her. I can imagine a 9 year old waiting until it's time to sleep to cry and pray for answers.
If I could go back in time and comfort my mother, I would. I would tell her that we are ignorant of the grand design, but that I have deep faith there is one. I would tell her that maybe Mrs. Worsham's story isn't over and that maybe half a century later, the wave she made for my mother would carry her onward.
I would tell her that Mrs. Worsham was a pebble. I would tell her that we are all pebbles.


The profit results are estimated, based on the current difficulty level of 01coin, as well as the exchange rate and price of ZOC to USD. The results of the calculator will show you daily, weekly, monthly and yearly profits. This is shown below. It will also show how much time, in days, it will take you to break even, considering your initial contract fee for cloud mining or your hardware costs if you've got your own rig.
01coin is one of many altcoins that you can mine. Check out our other calculators to see if another one coin could be more profitable for you.


text:
https://www.universitypressscholarship.com/search?f_0=keywords&q_0=Reality
Keywords: Reality x
Hong Kong University Press (1)
University of Minnesota Press (12)
Open Section Computer Science (1)
African-American History (1)
Middle East History (1)
Semantics and Pragmatics (1)
Theoretical Linguistics (1)
American, 20th Century Literature (1)
18th-century Literature (1)
Film, Media, and Cultural Studies (3)
19th-century and Victorian Literature (1)
Computational Mathematics / Optimization (2)
Logic / Computer Science / Mathematical Philosophy (2)
History of Philosophy (1)
Philosophy of Language (12)
Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics (2)
Metaphysics/Epistemology (11)
Cognitive Neuroscience (1)
Media Studies (3)
Page:12345
Experiencing Falsity
Srinivasa Rao
in Advaita: A Contemporary Critique
Traditional Advaita holds that we experience false entities as is evident from rope-snake illusion. This chapter argues this thesis to be wrong on the ground that since the false snake is merely an ... More
Traditional Advaita holds that we experience false entities as is evident from rope-snake illusion. This chapter argues this thesis to be wrong on the ground that since the false snake is merely an imagined entity and a construction of our thought, it can never be an object of experience; it can only be regarded as an object of thought. Likewise, if the world is actually experienced by us, it has to be real and not false. Conversely, if it is false, it cannot be experienced by us. The very idea that something which is false is also experienced by us is absurd. Therefore the claim that the world is false and it is sublated upon our intuiting the Ultimate Reality should be rejected as wrong, illogical and completely groundless.Less
Traditional Advaita holds that we experience false entities as is evident from rope-snake illusion. This chapter argues this thesis to be wrong on the ground that since the false snake is merely an imagined entity and a construction of our thought, it can never be an object of experience; it can only be regarded as an object of thought. Likewise, if the world is actually experienced by us, it has to be real and not false. Conversely, if it is false, it cannot be experienced by us. The very idea that something which is false is also experienced by us is absurd. Therefore the claim that the world is false and it is sublated upon our intuiting the Ultimate Reality should be rejected as wrong, illogical and completely groundless.
Keywords: false entities, rope-snake illusion, imagined entity, experience, Ultimate Reality
The Quest for Reality: Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour
Barry Stroud
Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Explores the metaphysical question of the relation between reality and human perceptions, thoughts and beliefs with reference to colours. Posits an absolute independent reality of which knowledge is ... More
Explores the metaphysical question of the relation between reality and human perceptions, thoughts and beliefs with reference to colours. Posits an absolute independent reality of which knowledge is sought through the testing of beliefs about it, and analyses physicalism and scientific explanation in an attempt to argue that, though colour's reality may be rejected, colour cannot be properly referred to or explained through exclusive reference to scientific facts and physicalism or through the language of science since colour is understood as belonging to the realm of psychological facts. Utilises the concepts of perception, thoughts and beliefs in investigating psychological facts, and rejects the possibility of both a direct and an indirect connection between objects of perception and thoughts on the colour of these objects. Presents the argument that the metaphysical question cannot be fully answered in a subjectivist or objectivist manner or through metaphysical error theory, as abstraction from all beliefs about colour is neither possible nor desirable, and outlines the failure of the project of unmasking perceptions of colour. Concludes that disengagement from the world is needed for an answer to the metaphysical question of whether colours are objectively real, but the answer is unattainable.Less
The Quest for Reality : Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour
Explores the metaphysical question of the relation between reality and human perceptions, thoughts and beliefs with reference to colours. Posits an absolute independent reality of which knowledge is sought through the testing of beliefs about it, and analyses physicalism and scientific explanation in an attempt to argue that, though colour's reality may be rejected, colour cannot be properly referred to or explained through exclusive reference to scientific facts and physicalism or through the language of science since colour is understood as belonging to the realm of psychological facts. Utilises the concepts of perception, thoughts and beliefs in investigating psychological facts, and rejects the possibility of both a direct and an indirect connection between objects of perception and thoughts on the colour of these objects. Presents the argument that the metaphysical question cannot be fully answered in a subjectivist or objectivist manner or through metaphysical error theory, as abstraction from all beliefs about colour is neither possible nor desirable, and outlines the failure of the project of unmasking perceptions of colour. Concludes that disengagement from the world is needed for an answer to the metaphysical question of whether colours are objectively real, but the answer is unattainable.
Keywords: Belief, Colour, Metaphysical error theory, Objectivism, Perception, Physicalism, Reality, Science, Subjectivism, Thought
Intellect and Being
Eyjólfur Kjalar Emilsson
in Plotinus on Intellect
Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
The main focus in this chapter is the relationship between Plotinus' ontology and his epistemology. It is argued that at the level of Intellect being and knowledge coincide, that to be is to be known ... More
The main focus in this chapter is the relationship between Plotinus' ontology and his epistemology. It is argued that at the level of Intellect being and knowledge coincide, that to be is to be known or thought. It is further argued that this is a necessary consequence of a principle in Plotinus' philosophy claiming that to know something as it is in itself is to know that thing from its internal activity, and that this kind of knowledge is impossible unless the activity of the knower coincides with the activity constituting the being known.Less
The main focus in this chapter is the relationship between Plotinus' ontology and his epistemology. It is argued that at the level of Intellect being and knowledge coincide, that to be is to be known or thought. It is further argued that this is a necessary consequence of a principle in Plotinus' philosophy claiming that to know something as it is in itself is to know that thing from its internal activity, and that this kind of knowledge is impossible unless the activity of the knower coincides with the activity constituting the being known.
Keywords: Scepticism, (the) Given, Idealism, Cognition, Sense‐perception, Knowledge, Reality, Representations
Conventional Realism and Political Inquiry: Channeling Wittgenstein
John G. Gunnell
10.7208/chicago/9780226661308.001.0001
Political Science, Political Theory
This book is an exploration of the relationship between philosophy and various forms of political inquiry and is specifically and primarily devoted to advancing an argument for conventional realism. ... More
This book is an exploration of the relationship between philosophy and various forms of political inquiry and is specifically and primarily devoted to advancing an argument for conventional realism. The thesis is that everything we designate as "real," whether natural or social, is rendered conventionally. This entails a rejection of the widely accepted distinction between what is natural and what is conventional as a way of demarcating natural science and social science. The argument is presented in an opposition to the deep-seated influence of representational philosophy on political science and political theory and particularly to the claim that the mind is the source and repository of meaning, that language is primarily a vehicle of thought and a means of communication, and that reality resides in some physical or metaphysical realm that stands behind our discursive practices. Both mentalism and realism have been embraced by political theorists in a perennial search for a foundation of epistemic authority as a means of gaining practical purpose. Although this is not principally a book about Ludwig Wittgenstein, the argument for conventional realism and the critique of mentalism and traditional realism are viewed as entailments of his work and of others who embraced his conception of philosophy as an interpretive endeavor and a form of social inquiry rather than undertaking the construction of a metaphysical "super-order." In a brief conclusion, the book discusses the normative implications of conventional realism.Less
Conventional Realism and Political Inquiry : Channeling Wittgenstein
This book is an exploration of the relationship between philosophy and various forms of political inquiry and is specifically and primarily devoted to advancing an argument for conventional realism. The thesis is that everything we designate as "real," whether natural or social, is rendered conventionally. This entails a rejection of the widely accepted distinction between what is natural and what is conventional as a way of demarcating natural science and social science. The argument is presented in an opposition to the deep-seated influence of representational philosophy on political science and political theory and particularly to the claim that the mind is the source and repository of meaning, that language is primarily a vehicle of thought and a means of communication, and that reality resides in some physical or metaphysical realm that stands behind our discursive practices. Both mentalism and realism have been embraced by political theorists in a perennial search for a foundation of epistemic authority as a means of gaining practical purpose. Although this is not principally a book about Ludwig Wittgenstein, the argument for conventional realism and the critique of mentalism and traditional realism are viewed as entailments of his work and of others who embraced his conception of philosophy as an interpretive endeavor and a form of social inquiry rather than undertaking the construction of a metaphysical "super-order." In a brief conclusion, the book discusses the normative implications of conventional realism.
Keywords: Conventional Realism, Mind, Reality, and World, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Political Science, Political Theory
Quantum Mechanics and the Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead
Michael Epperson
Philosophy, Logic/Philosophy of Mathematics
In Process and Reality and other works, Alfred North Whitehead struggled to come to terms with the impact the new science of quantum mechanics would have on metaphysics. This book is ... More
In Process and Reality and other works, Alfred North Whitehead struggled to come to terms with the impact the new science of quantum mechanics would have on metaphysics. This book is the first extended analysis of the intricate relationships between relativity theory, quantum mechanics, and Whitehead's cosmology. Illuminated here is the intersection of science and philosophy in Whitehead's work, and details of Whitehead's attempts to fashion an ontology coherent with quantum anomalies. Including a non-specialist introduction to quantum mechanics, the book adds an essential new dimension to our understanding of Whitehead.Less
In Process and Reality and other works, Alfred North Whitehead struggled to come to terms with the impact the new science of quantum mechanics would have on metaphysics. This book is the first extended analysis of the intricate relationships between relativity theory, quantum mechanics, and Whitehead's cosmology. Illuminated here is the intersection of science and philosophy in Whitehead's work, and details of Whitehead's attempts to fashion an ontology coherent with quantum anomalies. Including a non-specialist introduction to quantum mechanics, the book adds an essential new dimension to our understanding of Whitehead.
Keywords: Process and Reality, Alfred North Whitehead, quantum mechanics, metaphysics, relativity theory, cosmology, science, philosophy
Uprightness
Rushmir Mahmutćehajić
in On Love: In the Muslim Tradition
Religion, Islam
Truth for a person means his existence through what he is. The human self is thus identified with its essence. However, thought is incapable of surpassing ontological objectification and fundamental ... More
Truth for a person means his existence through what he is. The human self is thus identified with its essence. However, thought is incapable of surpassing ontological objectification and fundamental duality. Duality may be resolved in the following demand: to know only what is—God; to be only what is known—the Self. In a man there are two identities present that are not reducible to a common measure: the anima, which strives toward happiness and survival in happiness, and the spiritus, or pure Intellect, whose identity is rooted in fullness. The human being is positioned on three levels—body, soul, and spirit. In all its thinking about itself and the world, the "I" confirms and preserves this border, for the "I" cannot exist without it. Hence the human "I" longs and yearns for what lies beyond that border that is, release from duality. "I" is related to "you", and this relation is transformed into the admission of full otherness, which, by means of its oneness, passes through and surpasses all multiplicity.Less
Truth for a person means his existence through what he is. The human self is thus identified with its essence. However, thought is incapable of surpassing ontological objectification and fundamental duality. Duality may be resolved in the following demand: to know only what is—God; to be only what is known—the Self. In a man there are two identities present that are not reducible to a common measure: the anima, which strives toward happiness and survival in happiness, and the spiritus, or pure Intellect, whose identity is rooted in fullness. The human being is positioned on three levels—body, soul, and spirit. In all its thinking about itself and the world, the "I" confirms and preserves this border, for the "I" cannot exist without it. Hence the human "I" longs and yearns for what lies beyond that border that is, release from duality. "I" is related to "you", and this relation is transformed into the admission of full otherness, which, by means of its oneness, passes through and surpasses all multiplicity.
Keywords: truth, self, duality, God, Intellect, Reality, anima, spiritus, happiness, fullness
Media Audiences: Television, Meaning and Emotion
Kristyn Gorton
Society and Culture, Media Studies
An engaging and original study of current research on television audiences and the concept of emotion, this book offers a unique approach to key issues within television studies. Topics discussed ... More
An engaging and original study of current research on television audiences and the concept of emotion, this book offers a unique approach to key issues within television studies. Topics discussed include: television branding; emotional qualities in television texts; audience reception models; fan cultures; 'quality' television; television aesthetics; reality television; individualism and its links to television consumption. The book is divided into two sections: the first covers theoretical work on the audience, fan cultures, global television, theorising emotion and affect in feminist theory and film and television studies. The second half offers a series of case studies on television programmes in order to explore how emotion is fashioned, constructed and valued in televisual texts. The final chapter features original material from interviews with industry professionals in the UK and Irish Soap industries along with advice for students on how to conduct their own small-scale ethnographic projects.Less
Media Audiences : Television, Meaning and Emotion
An engaging and original study of current research on television audiences and the concept of emotion, this book offers a unique approach to key issues within television studies. Topics discussed include: television branding; emotional qualities in television texts; audience reception models; fan cultures; 'quality' television; television aesthetics; reality television; individualism and its links to television consumption. The book is divided into two sections: the first covers theoretical work on the audience, fan cultures, global television, theorising emotion and affect in feminist theory and film and television studies. The second half offers a series of case studies on television programmes in order to explore how emotion is fashioned, constructed and valued in televisual texts. The final chapter features original material from interviews with industry professionals in the UK and Irish Soap industries along with advice for students on how to conduct their own small-scale ethnographic projects.
Keywords: Television audiences, Emotion and affect, Fan cultures, Television aesthetics, Reality television, Global television, Quality television, British Television Industry
Realism and the Aspiring Anatomist
Chris Baldick
in In Frankenstein's Shadow: Myth, Monstrosity, and Nineteenth-Century Writing
Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Like Herman Melville, Wilkie Collins has whetted the appetite for medical villainy, only to dispel the experimenter's Gothic allure by reminding us of the real mundane fallibility of chemists and ... More
Like Herman Melville, Wilkie Collins has whetted the appetite for medical villainy, only to dispel the experimenter's Gothic allure by reminding us of the real mundane fallibility of chemists and doctors: accident, incompetence, timidity, and the paltry distractions of worldly existence all bar the physician's path to heroic transgression. Traps of this kind are a typical parodic ploy of literary realism. From Don Quixote to Ulysses and beyond, the tradition of the novel has relied heavily upon bathetic deflation of romance or sentimentality, but in the nineteenth century this tendency flourished to the point at which it became a dominant novelistic ethic. Among the more promising candidates for this ritual sacrifice of the Romantic ego to the Reality Principle was the figure of the aspiring doctor, anatomist, or chemist.Less
Like Herman Melville, Wilkie Collins has whetted the appetite for medical villainy, only to dispel the experimenter's Gothic allure by reminding us of the real mundane fallibility of chemists and doctors: accident, incompetence, timidity, and the paltry distractions of worldly existence all bar the physician's path to heroic transgression. Traps of this kind are a typical parodic ploy of literary realism. From Don Quixote to Ulysses and beyond, the tradition of the novel has relied heavily upon bathetic deflation of romance or sentimentality, but in the nineteenth century this tendency flourished to the point at which it became a dominant novelistic ethic. Among the more promising candidates for this ritual sacrifice of the Romantic ego to the Reality Principle was the figure of the aspiring doctor, anatomist, or chemist.
Keywords: Herman Melville, Wilkie Collins, literary realism, physician, transgression, Don Quixote, Ulysses, Reality Principle, anatomist, chemist
The Metaphysics of Experience: A Companion to Whitehead's Process and Reality
Elizabeth M. Kraus
Philosophy, American Philosophy
This book styles itself as "a Sherpa guide to Process and Reality, whose function is to assist the serious reader in grasping the meaning of the text and to prevent falls into misinterpretation." ... More
This book styles itself as "a Sherpa guide to Process and Reality, whose function is to assist the serious reader in grasping the meaning of the text and to prevent falls into misinterpretation." Although originally published in 1925, Process and Reality has perhaps even more relevance to the contemporary scene in physics, biology, psychology, and the social sciences than it had in the mid-twenties. Hence, its internal difficulty, its quasi-inaccessibility, is all the more tragic, since, unlike most metaphysical endeavors, it is capable of interpreting and unifying theories in the above sciences in terms of an organic world view, instead of selecting one theory as the paradigm and reducing all others to it. Because Alfred North Whitehead is so crucial to modern philosophy, this book plays an important role in making Process and Reality accessible to a wider readership.Less
The Metaphysics of Experience : A Companion to Whitehead's Process and Reality
This book styles itself as "a Sherpa guide to Process and Reality, whose function is to assist the serious reader in grasping the meaning of the text and to prevent falls into misinterpretation." Although originally published in 1925, Process and Reality has perhaps even more relevance to the contemporary scene in physics, biology, psychology, and the social sciences than it had in the mid-twenties. Hence, its internal difficulty, its quasi-inaccessibility, is all the more tragic, since, unlike most metaphysical endeavors, it is capable of interpreting and unifying theories in the above sciences in terms of an organic world view, instead of selecting one theory as the paradigm and reducing all others to it. Because Alfred North Whitehead is so crucial to modern philosophy, this book plays an important role in making Process and Reality accessible to a wider readership.
Keywords: metaphysics, Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality, modern philosophy
Introduction: Romanticism, Modernity, and Virtual Reality
Peter Otto
in Multiplying Worlds: Romanticism, Modernity, and the Emergence of Virtual Reality
Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Following a discussion of the online world, 'Second Life', the introduction provides a preliminary survey of the virtual realities of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries; an overview ... More
Following a discussion of the online world, 'Second Life', the introduction provides a preliminary survey of the virtual realities of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries; an overview of the historical circumstances that conditioned their production, proliferation and reception; and an account of recent attempts to historicize virtual reality. It distinguishes late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century discourses of virtual reality from those of earlier periods, while also sketching some of the ways in which they anticipate those of contemporary culture. The introduction concludes by proposing that contemporary discourses of virtual reality draw on the conflicting rhetorics of Enlightenment and Romanticism. They conclude a tradition of representation inspired by the former, break with this tradition, but by this means return to the latter. The mechanical age concludes with an apparently oxymoronic return to its beginning.Less
Introduction : Romanticism, Modernity, and Virtual Reality
Following a discussion of the online world, 'Second Life', the introduction provides a preliminary survey of the virtual realities of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries; an overview of the historical circumstances that conditioned their production, proliferation and reception; and an account of recent attempts to historicize virtual reality. It distinguishes late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century discourses of virtual reality from those of earlier periods, while also sketching some of the ways in which they anticipate those of contemporary culture. The introduction concludes by proposing that contemporary discourses of virtual reality draw on the conflicting rhetorics of Enlightenment and Romanticism. They conclude a tradition of representation inspired by the former, break with this tradition, but by this means return to the latter. The mechanical age concludes with an apparently oxymoronic return to its beginning.
Keywords: Virtual Reality, History of Virtual Reality, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Modernity, Second Life, Representation
Logical Possibilities
The very idea of non-duality stands seriously violated in the post-Śānkarite orthodoxy and to correct this severe aberration, an entirely new framework is introduced in this chapter. Based on ... More
The very idea of non-duality stands seriously violated in the post-Śānkarite orthodoxy and to correct this severe aberration, an entirely new framework is introduced in this chapter. Based on classical Advaita doctrine that there is an experience dependent on senses and the mind ("experience") which reveals empirical reality ("reality"), and an experience not so dependent ("Experience") which reveals the Ultimate Reality ("Reality"), four cognitive possibilities are formulated and then all their logical implications are systematically deduced. One major logical consequence deduced is that the "illusoriness of the world", a basic idea of traditional Advaita, is not at all allowed as a cognitive possibility duly entailed even by the assumptions made in traditional Advaita. This newly formulated framework of possibilities is adopted in the next chapter specifically to analyze afresh the theory of perceptual illusion in Advaita, with startling results.Less
The very idea of non-duality stands seriously violated in the post-Śānkarite orthodoxy and to correct this severe aberration, an entirely new framework is introduced in this chapter. Based on classical Advaita doctrine that there is an experience dependent on senses and the mind ("experience") which reveals empirical reality ("reality"), and an experience not so dependent ("Experience") which reveals the Ultimate Reality ("Reality"), four cognitive possibilities are formulated and then all their logical implications are systematically deduced. One major logical consequence deduced is that the "illusoriness of the world", a basic idea of traditional Advaita, is not at all allowed as a cognitive possibility duly entailed even by the assumptions made in traditional Advaita. This newly formulated framework of possibilities is adopted in the next chapter specifically to analyze afresh the theory of perceptual illusion in Advaita, with startling results.
Keywords: cognitive possibilities, non-duality, experience, reality, Ultimate Reality, perceptual illusion
Sadasadvilakṣaṇa and Asat
Another foundational idea of traditional Advaita is the sadasadvilaksana or "what is different from the real and the unreal", a peculiar ontological status attributed to the empirical world. Since ... More
Another foundational idea of traditional Advaita is the sadasadvilaksana or "what is different from the real and the unreal", a peculiar ontological status attributed to the empirical world. Since the world is both experienced by us and also sublated later on by the experience of Ultimate Reality, (1) it has to be different from the unreal since unreal entities are never experienced by us and (2) it has also to be different from the real as it is sublated unlike reality which is never sublated. But such an entity, if existent, has to be other than non-dual reality and hence must contradict it. So, Advaita declares that this "other" never truly exists. In that case it will be no different from asat or non-being. This "reduction" of sadasadvilaksana into asat is an awkward problem and its various dimensions are explored in this chapter.Less
Another foundational idea of traditional Advaita is the sadasadvilaksana or "what is different from the real and the unreal", a peculiar ontological status attributed to the empirical world. Since the world is both experienced by us and also sublated later on by the experience of Ultimate Reality, (1) it has to be different from the unreal since unreal entities are never experienced by us and (2) it has also to be different from the real as it is sublated unlike reality which is never sublated. But such an entity, if existent, has to be other than non-dual reality and hence must contradict it. So, Advaita declares that this "other" never truly exists. In that case it will be no different from asat or non-being. This "reduction" of sadasadvilaksana into asat is an awkward problem and its various dimensions are explored in this chapter.
Keywords: Sadasadvilaksana, asat, Ultimate Reality, non-dual reality, non-being
The Comic Book Movie Genre
Liam Burke
in The Comic Book Film Adaptation: Exploring Modern Hollywood's Leading Genre
10.14325/mississippi/9781628462036.003.0003
Literature, Comics Studies
The comic book film adaptation trend ushered in by X-Men in 2000 soon developed into a full-fledged genre. Chapter Two charted the development of this genre and probed its boundaries. Identifying the ... More
The comic book film adaptation trend ushered in by X-Men in 2000 soon developed into a full-fledged genre. Chapter Two charted the development of this genre and probed its boundaries. Identifying the conventions of these films, the chapter defined the comic-book movie as a genre that follows a vigilante or outsider character engaged in a form of revenge narrative, and is pitched at a heightened reality with a visual style marked by distinctly comic book imagery. Refining earlier genre models with a bacterial growth analogy, the development of this genre was plotted and its next phase was predicted.Less
The comic book film adaptation trend ushered in by X-Men in 2000 soon developed into a full-fledged genre. Chapter Two charted the development of this genre and probed its boundaries. Identifying the conventions of these films, the chapter defined the comic-book movie as a genre that follows a vigilante or outsider character engaged in a form of revenge narrative, and is pitched at a heightened reality with a visual style marked by distinctly comic book imagery. Refining earlier genre models with a bacterial growth analogy, the development of this genre was plotted and its next phase was predicted.
Keywords: Genre, Comic-Book Movie, Vigilante, Revenge Narrative, Heightened Reality
Neal Curtis
in Sovereignty and Superheroes
The postscript briefly reviews the argument so far, plotting the rise of the absolutely powerful sovereign and its ultimate collapse into the abyss that accompanies it, but which it constantly ... More
The postscript briefly reviews the argument so far, plotting the rise of the absolutely powerful sovereign and its ultimate collapse into the abyss that accompanies it, but which it constantly disavows. It returns to the issues of the imagination and story-telling briefly referring to a Grant Morrison story from Final Crisis in which the Overmonitor protects the pristine and blank Overvoid only to find it is already stained with the stories of the DC multiverse. The postscript reflects on the feedback loop between stories and reality to ask creators to continue on the path of diverse story-telling in order to create a more diverse world sensitive to issues of ethnicity, gender, and sexuality.Less
The postscript briefly reviews the argument so far, plotting the rise of the absolutely powerful sovereign and its ultimate collapse into the abyss that accompanies it, but which it constantly disavows. It returns to the issues of the imagination and story-telling briefly referring to a Grant Morrison story from Final Crisis in which the Overmonitor protects the pristine and blank Overvoid only to find it is already stained with the stories of the DC multiverse. The postscript reflects on the feedback loop between stories and reality to ask creators to continue on the path of diverse story-telling in order to create a more diverse world sensitive to issues of ethnicity, gender, and sexuality.
Keywords: Stories, Reality, Diversity, Morrison
The Two Selves: Their Metaphysical Commitments and Functional Independence
Stanley B. Klein
Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
In this book, I take the position that the self is not a "thing" easily reduced to an object of scientific analysis. Rather, the self consists in a multiplicity of aspects, some of which have a ... More
In this book, I take the position that the self is not a "thing" easily reduced to an object of scientific analysis. Rather, the self consists in a multiplicity of aspects, some of which have a neuro-cognitive basis (and thus are amenable to scientific inquiry) while other aspects are best construed as first-person subjectivity, lacking material instantiation. As a consequence of their potential immateriality, the subjective aspect of self cannot be taken as an object and therefore is not easily amenable to treatment by current scientific methods. I argue that to fully appreciate the self, its two aspects must be acknowledged, since it is only in virtue of their interaction that the self of everyday experience becomes a phenomenological reality. However, given their different metaphysical commitments (i.e., material and immaterial aspects of reality), a number of issues must be addressed. These include, but are not limited to, the possibility of interaction between metaphysically distinct aspects of reality, questions of causal closure under the physical, the principle of energy conservation, and more. After addressing these concerns, I present evidence based on self-reports from case studies of individuals who suffer from a chronic or temporary loss of their sense of personal ownership of their mental states. Drawing on this evidence, I argue that personal ownership may be the factor that closes the metaphysical gap between the material and immaterial selves, linking these two disparate aspects of reality, thereby enabling us to experience a unified sense of self despite its underlying multiplicity.Less
The Two Selves : Their Metaphysical Commitments and Functional Independence
In this book, I take the position that the self is not a "thing" easily reduced to an object of scientific analysis. Rather, the self consists in a multiplicity of aspects, some of which have a neuro-cognitive basis (and thus are amenable to scientific inquiry) while other aspects are best construed as first-person subjectivity, lacking material instantiation. As a consequence of their potential immateriality, the subjective aspect of self cannot be taken as an object and therefore is not easily amenable to treatment by current scientific methods. I argue that to fully appreciate the self, its two aspects must be acknowledged, since it is only in virtue of their interaction that the self of everyday experience becomes a phenomenological reality. However, given their different metaphysical commitments (i.e., material and immaterial aspects of reality), a number of issues must be addressed. These include, but are not limited to, the possibility of interaction between metaphysically distinct aspects of reality, questions of causal closure under the physical, the principle of energy conservation, and more. After addressing these concerns, I present evidence based on self-reports from case studies of individuals who suffer from a chronic or temporary loss of their sense of personal ownership of their mental states. Drawing on this evidence, I argue that personal ownership may be the factor that closes the metaphysical gap between the material and immaterial selves, linking these two disparate aspects of reality, thereby enabling us to experience a unified sense of self despite its underlying multiplicity.
Keywords: Self, Consciousness, Reality, Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Psychopathology, Metaphysics, Science, Phenomenology
A Man for all Fashions: Pre-War Theology and B. H. Streeter
Peter Hinchliff
in God and History: Aspects of British Theology 1875-1914
Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the ideas and writings of B. H. Streeter. Streeter did significant work in three distinct areas: critical New Testament scholarship, relating the Christian faith to modern ... More
This chapter explores the ideas and writings of B. H. Streeter. Streeter did significant work in three distinct areas: critical New Testament scholarship, relating the Christian faith to modern thought, and the Christian attitude to other religions. The three works for which he is best known are The Four Gospels (1924), a seminal work of New Testament scholarship; Reality (1926), an attempt to restate some aspects of Christian doctrine in light of contemporary natural science and psychology; and his lecture The Buddha and the Christ (1932).Less
A Man for all Fashions : Pre-War Theology and B. H. Streeter
This chapter explores the ideas and writings of B. H. Streeter. Streeter did significant work in three distinct areas: critical New Testament scholarship, relating the Christian faith to modern thought, and the Christian attitude to other religions. The three works for which he is best known are The Four Gospels (1924), a seminal work of New Testament scholarship; Reality (1926), an attempt to restate some aspects of Christian doctrine in light of contemporary natural science and psychology; and his lecture The Buddha and the Christ (1932).
Keywords: Streeter, The Four Gospels, Reality
Introduction: The Philosophical Project
in The Quest for Reality: Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour
Outlines the philosophical quest for reality, and how humans are related to the real world through perceptions, thoughts and beliefs. A discussion of what constitutes a metaphysical question is ... More
Outlines the philosophical quest for reality, and how humans are related to the real world through perceptions, thoughts and beliefs. A discussion of what constitutes a metaphysical question is followed by a brief outline of certain philosophers' ideas on reality through history, focusing on causality, subjectivity and objectivity, physicalism (or materialism) and giving a critique of correspondence theory. Introduces the subject of whether certain ideas, such as colours and morality, are real both as human perceptions and in a correspondent reality.Less
Introduction : The Philosophical Project
Outlines the philosophical quest for reality, and how humans are related to the real world through perceptions, thoughts and beliefs. A discussion of what constitutes a metaphysical question is followed by a brief outline of certain philosophers' ideas on reality through history, focusing on causality, subjectivity and objectivity, physicalism (or materialism) and giving a critique of correspondence theory. Introduces the subject of whether certain ideas, such as colours and morality, are real both as human perceptions and in a correspondent reality.
Keywords: Causality, Colours, Correspondence theory, Materialism, Morality, Objectivity, Perception, Physicalism, Reality, Subjectivity
The Philosophical Conception of an Independent Reality
Analyses the possibility of objective knowledge of an independent reality, characterised by its independence from knowledge and belief, through a process of testing the correspondence of beliefs to ... More
Analyses the possibility of objective knowledge of an independent reality, characterised by its independence from knowledge and belief, through a process of testing the correspondence of beliefs to reality. Refers to Bernard Williams's idea of the 'absolute conception of reality' which highlights the relations between conceptions connected to knowledge and the possibility of an absolute, objective conception of reality through the elimination of partiality and relativity by a process of correction. Aims to test the idea that colours do not belong to independent reality.Less
Analyses the possibility of objective knowledge of an independent reality, characterised by its independence from knowledge and belief, through a process of testing the correspondence of beliefs to reality. Refers to Bernard Williams's idea of the 'absolute conception of reality' which highlights the relations between conceptions connected to knowledge and the possibility of an absolute, objective conception of reality through the elimination of partiality and relativity by a process of correction. Aims to test the idea that colours do not belong to independent reality.
Keywords: Absolute conception of reality, Beliefs, Bernard Williams, Correspondence, Independence, Knowledge, Objectivity, Partiality, Reality, Relativity
The Idea of Physical Reality
Argues that an absolute conception of reality, starting from a minimal, absolute framework, is needed in order to investigate whether colour belongs to it or is due to human subjectivity. Examines ... More
Argues that an absolute conception of reality, starting from a minimal, absolute framework, is needed in order to investigate whether colour belongs to it or is due to human subjectivity. Examines ideas about the physical world, from Descartes's dualism to the question of what physical facts are in science, and assesses the translational reductionism of 1940s positivistic physicalists, who tried to reduce subjective reality to observable scientific phenomena. Argues against Berkeley's support of the objective existence of colour by stating that things in an independent, physical world have only the properties of physical truths, and therefore no colour. Concludes that physical truths do not consider colour, and therefore the question remains of how to conclude that objects have no colour.Less
Argues that an absolute conception of reality, starting from a minimal, absolute framework, is needed in order to investigate whether colour belongs to it or is due to human subjectivity. Examines ideas about the physical world, from Descartes's dualism to the question of what physical facts are in science, and assesses the translational reductionism of 1940s positivistic physicalists, who tried to reduce subjective reality to observable scientific phenomena. Argues against Berkeley's support of the objective existence of colour by stating that things in an independent, physical world have only the properties of physical truths, and therefore no colour. Concludes that physical truths do not consider colour, and therefore the question remains of how to conclude that objects have no colour.
Keywords: Absolute conception of reality, Berkeley, Colour, Descartes, Dualism, Physical facts, Reality, Science, Subjectivity, Translational reductionism
Unmasking Explanation and the 'Unreality' Of Colour
Argues against the idea that reality is purely physical and can be totally captured by scientific explanation, thus excluding colour from reality. Counters exclusive physicalism by arguing that ... More
Argues against the idea that reality is purely physical and can be totally captured by scientific explanation, thus excluding colour from reality. Counters exclusive physicalism by arguing that explanation does not necessarily constitute a true account of the world and its supposedly subjective qualities, and scientific language does not go beyond the limits of the physical. Raises questions about the link between physical and psychological phenomena and about the view of perception as separate from what is perceived, and argues that an understanding of the perception of colour is required in order metaphysically to unmask its link to physicality.Less
Argues against the idea that reality is purely physical and can be totally captured by scientific explanation, thus excluding colour from reality. Counters exclusive physicalism by arguing that explanation does not necessarily constitute a true account of the world and its supposedly subjective qualities, and scientific language does not go beyond the limits of the physical. Raises questions about the link between physical and psychological phenomena and about the view of perception as separate from what is perceived, and argues that an understanding of the perception of colour is required in order metaphysically to unmask its link to physicality.
Keywords: Colour, Exclusive physicalism, Explanation, Language, Perception, Physicality, Reality


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Primarily aimed at STEM ambassadors, these resources are also readily used by teachers in the classroom.
From the Chilled Food Association, this resource helps children to think about hygiene and in particular the importance of washing hands. The materials are aimed at STEM ambassadors but are readily adapted for use by teachers in the classroom.
From the Chilled Food Association, this resource helps children to think about the development of a new food product. The materials are aimed at STEM ambassadors but they can readily be adapted for use by teachers in the classroom.