"You know, this is why I came."
"To heal the sick - the sick of body. The sick of soul."
And there it was. In that stark hall filled with all uncertainty that the Lord met me sweetly. Tears fell - not because of the pain, but because I knew He was for me. He was with me and if I had been the only person in that hospital, or on the planet for that matter, He still would have come.
It's Christmastime and I can't help but focus on our Emmanuel - God with us - who came to us as a man, to be like man, in order to save us.
The sick of soul, the sick of heart, the sick of body - He came for us. He came to this cold, sterile, stoic planet filled with pain and the unknown and as He took His first breath of manger air, He breathed life back into the world that had been gasping for ages.
The plan of rescue began to unfold and when He saw us, through time and space, the confusing maze-like places in our hearts were of no mystery to Him. As Creator, He knew the way to our souls...to those sick places... and He could have left us broken, lost, and on our own, but he chose to take stripes so that we could be healed, body and soul.
And so, with laser focus, it began in that hospital corridor. That tiny hand reached out of the manger and into my heart. An unwavering, never giving up determination to liberate me before I was even born...and my healing began... over 2000 years ago.
The baby King - our Healer - Emmanuel.
You are why He came. You. Me. He is for us all.


text:
Articles by: Neal Gompa
Neal Gompa
Based in Mississippi, USA, Neal is a software engineer who extensively follows the wireless industry in his spare time. As a techno-geek and an anime freak, he has an opinion on almost everything in technology, and speaks with a lot of random references to things nobody knows. Aside from technology and anime, he has interests in almost every category, and knows a lot of pointless trivia.
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Det_Conan_Kudo
More info: Google+
ExtremeTech explains: What is LTE?	April 1, 2015 at 11:18 am
Think you have a pretty good understanding of LTE? This article takes a deep look into how LTE is deployed, how LTE works as a radio technology, the types of LTE, how LTE affects battery life, what carriers will do with LTE, and the future of 4G as a whole.
FCC begins research into 24GHz for gigabit ultra-dense 5G mobile networks	October 22, 2014 at 12:46 pm
Last week, the FCC published a Notice of Inquiry (NOI) to investigate the possibility of using frequencies above 24GHz for cellular wireless systems — specifically, for next-gen mobile data standards such as 5G. Given how we've essentially run out of spectrum in the cellular sweet spot, and how Europe and Asia have already started on their own 5G inquiries, it's high time for the FCC to dig into the possibility of super-fast cellular networks that are as capable as standard wireline broadband.
Nexus 6: The best Android smartphone for wireless and LTE connectivity	October 17, 2014 at 12:35 pm
Google's new Nexus is a monster of a phone, designed with wireless capabilities that outclass all other Android phones today. Launching with Android 5.0 Lollipop, it's sure to be the best flagship of the year.
DirecTV shareholders accept $48.5 billion AT&T takeover – but it was almost Dish instead	September 26, 2014 at 2:20 pm
On Thursday, DirecTV shareholders overwhelmingly voted to approve AT&T's offer to acquire the company. Now the only obstacle to merging into AT&T is approval by the FCC and the DOJ. Interestingly, the proxy statement released to shareholders reveals that DirecTV considered merging with Dish instead.
iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus: The world's best phones for wireless and LTE connectivity	September 11, 2014 at 11:05 am
With every release of the iPhone, Apple dramatically improves the wireless radio capabilities in ways that no other device maker has ever matched. With the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, Apple continues that trend, setting the bar even higher than ever before.
Verizon's VoLTE rollout will kill off CDMA – and allow unlocked LTE phones, too	August 27, 2014 at 1:55 pm
On Tuesday, Verizon announced that it will launch HD Voice over LTE in the coming weeks. With this launch, Verizon is taking the first step toward shedding CDMA2000 as its primary network platform. With this, using unlocked phones on Verizon and have voice service will soon be possible!
Full duplex: A fundamental radio tech breakthrough that could double throughput, alleviate the spectrum crunch	August 5, 2014 at 1:45 pm
The common wisdom goes that we're reaching the limits of what is possible with RF, given the technological constraints that are generally accepted in RF-based technology. But what if one of those constraints was blown away?
T-Mobile Un-carrier 5 and 6: Free iPhone loans, VoLTE, and unmetered music	June 20, 2014 at 11:17 am
On Tuesday evening, T-Mobile held its Un-carrier event and launched two initiatives: free 7-day test drives with the iPhone 5S and unmetered music streaming. It also announced that it has VoLTE and wideband LTE live in over 15 markets, and VoLTE will be available nationwide by the end of the year.
AT&T moves to acquire DirecTV to defend against Comcast – everyone loses	May 21, 2014 at 7:06 am
On Sunday, AT&T announced it would be acquiring DirecTV to enhance its content distribution and gain access to Latin America through DirecTV's growing pay TV and wireless broadband businesses. But is this really a good thing?
Sprint looks to acquire T-Mobile, but FCC blocks with new anti-hoarding 'spectrum screen'	May 1, 2014 at 6:59 am
The Wall Street Journal reported that the FCC has decided on how it will adjust the spectrum screen and Bloomberg reported Sprint is working on financing for a bid on T-Mobile. However, the FCC's changes will make it extremely difficult, if not impossible for Sprint to acquire any more spectrum outside of the two upcoming auctions.
GE introduces awesome MEMS switch tech for faster LTE-Advanced	March 21, 2014 at 10:02 am
GE Global Research announced it developed a brand new switch technology that can be used for enhancing the radios used in 4G phones to provide much faster speeds. Called a "MEMS switch", it promises to drastically improve 4G efficiency and performance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tīrābgūn (persiska: تيرابگون) är en ort i Iran.   Den ligger i provinsen Kohgiluyeh och Buyer Ahmad, i den centrala delen av landet,  km söder om huvudstaden Teheran. Tīrābgūn ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Tīrābgūn är bergig österut, men västerut är den kuperad. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km nordost om Tīrābgūn. Runt Tīrābgūn är det ganska glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Tall Gerd-e Charām,  km sydväst om Tīrābgūn. Omgivningarna runt Tīrābgūn är i huvudsak ett öppet busklandskap.

Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är november, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är juni, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Kohgiluyeh och Buyer Ahmad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
GEORGE EVANS LOAN TERMINATED
Dale Moon
Manchester City youngster leaves the Banks's with immediate effect...
MANCHESTER CITY FC have today terminated the loan spell of George Evans with immediate effect.
The 21-year old returns to the Etihad having made 16 appearances for the Saddlers, scoring four goals.
He will not feature in today's game with Bury.
The club would like to wish him well in the future and thank him for his efforts during his time at the Banks's.


6) There are definitely more than 3 units in this building.
-Considering the fact that the LL has failed to register with HPD, has at least one open litigation, and may be participating in a government assistance program re: building maintenance, do I have any way of arguing either a) against the rent hike; b) for a year-long lease; or c) both?
-If the building really does have more than 3 units, possibly even the required 6, is it feasible for me to try and push for rent regulation? Is this insanely hard to prove, and can it get me kicked out in the process because of my month-to-month status? What would I need, documentation-wise, to prove it?
-Does it mean anything that the HPD site incorrectly lists the owner of the building?
-*IF* any of the above is to my benefit, what might be the best way for me to go forward?
First, your post borders on being way too long. The longer and less concise it is, the less likely there might be a response. Just FYI.
You say you're in a 1BR unit in a 3-unit bldg, non-regulated. Have you gotten the rent history from DHCR? Chances are - with 3 units - it was never regulated in the first place, but there are exceptions. Worth a try.
How many units? If 6+, then there's a chance it might be regulated. If not six, see if it's part of a "Horizontal Multiple Dwelling" where it shares a boiler with any adjacent buildings. If that exists, then you can add all units from all bldgs.
Were any units added at any point? Were any two or more units combined at any point? That might impact the number of units for DHCR purposes. You need to research the life of the building.
Second, check with HPD to see if the bldg is registered with them. Required for bldgs with 3+ units, and for those with fewer units if the LL is not in residence. Not being registered with HPD might help you if the LL takes you to court, but not much else.
Seems LL wants only M2M leases. That's legal and LL is not required to offer a real lease. Again, assuming you are non-regulated, lease protections aren't all that much. As you've found out, LL can increase the rent with sufficient notice. But you can have the GF move in.
The gas program is irrelevant. Other open litigation is probably irrelevant.
Not being registered with DHCR might help in a court case, but won't help to stop a rent increase or guarantee you a lease.
I would do research on the number of units and the building history quietly. Do not let the LL know until you have proof. At a certain point I would consult with a tenant attorney.


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Billy Porter and Stylist Sam Ratelle on THAT Met Gala Entrance
Michael Love Michael
Everyone gagged at last night's Met Gala entrance by the one and only Billy Porter, the Pose star, and genderfluid performer who has been fiercely undergoing a playful, celebratory, and unapologetic fashion evolution.
This year, his over-the-top sartorial inclinations were jaw-droppingly inspirational, and right at home within the Gala's Susan Sontag-led theme, Camp: Notes on Fashion. Not to mention, they came from a long lineage of Black artists boldly blazing their own trails. For starters: The Egyptian litter he rode in on was carried by six shirtless, muscle-bound Broadway performers! He wore a head-to-toe embroidered gold look (with wings!) by The Blonds! The whole thing was inspired by the Cleopatra segment of '70s Diana Ross vehicle, Mahogany! Like Celine Dion in recent years, Billy Porter's mid-life fashion renaissance has also always been part of him.
Related | The Story Behind Billy Porter's Triumphant Oscars Gown
Last night, after working together for six weeks on the concept, Porter and his stylist for over a year, Sam Ratelle — whose full-service boutique agency, RRR Creative, handles creative direction, branding, casting, styling, and PR for Broadway stars and Hollywood influencers alike — brought their glamorous vision to life. (Ratelle is also responsible for that Christian Siriano gown Porter wore to the Oscars this year).
"My understanding of what initially started all this is that Billy gets a call from [Pose showrunner] Ryan Murphy, and he's like, 'Bitch, I'm going as Liberace, you have to go as a whole montage in Mahogany,'" Ratelle tells PAPER. "Billy was like, 'OK that sounds like a lot of work.' Ryan was so excited and telling Billy he should do all the outfit changes, and finding a space to change and all that. Billy wanted to narrow it down."
Porter and Ratelle decided to mine the abundant Egyptian artifacts collection from the Met and Mahogany's Cleopatra-channeling scene to round out their vision. When it came to finding designers to make the clothes Porter would wear, due to Porter's currently New York-based filming schedule, they turned to The Blonds in the city.
"They are so campy and theatrical, he'd never been to Fashion Week, and it was one of our favorite fashion shows this past season," Ratelle explains. "It was part of his community and his people. I'd been going to the Blonds for years and knowing them. They'd done Egyptian themes and have been legends of high-fashion camp in New York, they were sold in Patricia Fields' old store in the East Village, we just thought, What could be better?"
And obviously, Porter being carried was the only way to make a truly godlike entrance and live up to the high Camp of the moment. "When Vogue approved us to have him be carried in, it was maybe two weeks ago," Ratelle says. "We had to get in all the men, and figure out where the hell this litter would come from. [Costume designer] Nicolas Putvinski [who designs Heidi Klum's Halloween looks] made the men's looks and the litter."
Related | Lil' Kim Performed at The Blonds
As far as casting Porter's carriers, Ratelle prioritized men of color. As we've seen from Porter's interviews over the years, representation is important to him. Ratelle says that all the men all had to be the same height, but other than that, the point was to amplify performers who don't always get regular work. "We are seeing more diversity in fashion but theater needs it, too," he says. "If you have an Asian show, you get Miss Saigon or a Black show, you get The Color Purple which is all important, but it's just as important to have multicultural experiences reflected whenever possible and often. Plus, we just wanted cute boys."
Ratelle calls Porter's Met Gala entrance "an interruption" akin to "watching a kid go to Disneyland for the first time and living his fashion dreams."
"He's been trying to do this for 30 years and no one paid attention," Ratelle says. "In the past, people overlooked him for being queeny and over-the-top, but now that's what's inspiring people, so it's been amazing to witness and be part of his evolution and see how the public responds, as well."
PAPER also caught up today with Porter to gauge his thoughts on his big Met Gala breakout. He was prepping for an audition. As he says, though he realizes the moment was groundbreaking, "the work continues."
Your evolution in the fashion space has been so amazing to see. And bravo for being so on-theme this year! What does Camp mean to you?
Billy Porter: Thank you! It had been in the back of the mind for my whole career. As time has gone on, people would accuse me of being flamboyant, as if it was a bad thing, but I knew better. And with Camp, it has over time taken on a negative connotation and treated as a way for people to describe something in a pejorative manner. What I loved about this idea of camp is that at its best, it is elevated, it is a true art form, which is amazing to me. I wanted to hit that on the nose. Ryan Murphy said to me, "You should do all five looks from the Mahogany montage," and I was like, "Bitch, I don't wanna work that hard." I loved the idea, but the moment that stood out the most to me was Egyptian because that can easily be elevated. I wanted to pay tribute in a modern way to the Bob Mackies of the world, and honor his work on that film. Cher, Diana, fascinate me. The Blonds in their own way have also taken up that mantle without putting a word on it. When we went to The Blonds, I loved the idea of the wings, the gold, and the glitter, it came together organically. And I was a god! So of course I couldn't walk, honey. They said you have to be carried, and I was like, "OK! Gods are carried!" Anna Wintour and them were like, "Okay, do you." We're fine with all the shenanigans and chicanery.
"Authenticity only happens when it's convenient. It's respected when it's convenient and when it makes money. We make money now. Our stories are being told, and our authenticity that was silenced and squashed is now at the forefront."
You're also showing people that it's never too late to express their fullest selves and to go after their wildest fashion dreams.
It's vindication. This has always been my thing from the time I got into this business. But those dreams were silenced and squashed! Particularly being in the R&B music space in the '90s, I had a record executive who was telling me not to speak too much. I went through a lot at that time and was literally silent. You know, it's easy to be who you are when who you are is what's popular. Authenticity is a word that is thrown around so much in every space. Every space you vibrate in has its own idea of authenticity, but authenticity only happens when it's convenient. It's respected when it's convenient and when it makes money. We make money now. Our stories are being told, and our authenticity that was silenced and squashed is now at the forefront. It's cool. I get to reap the benefits of an ever-changing world, and that's awesome, because now I, we, are changing the conversation. It's humbling and inspiring. I love it.
Were you emotional on the carpet?
I am today. It's too much energy out there at one time. It's so much that the focus becomes about how I get my work done. It's part of being an artist, a performer. We were working, and not everyone feels comfortable being playful like that. But it's what I get to be for a living, and I get to make a difference in people's lives because of the choices I make in those spaces. I heard that Margaret Cho said something really lovely. I have an audition today, so I'm preparing for that. The work continues. It's so beautiful.
"I was taught to perform masculinity so that people would believe me, and that it would be the only way I would ever achieve mainstream success. That's no longer true."
The example you set now can make it better for people in the future. When you wore the wings, what was it like to actually spread them?
They were a separate piece and my arms went into hooks that kept them on. The thing is that it's a freedom, and a metaphor of taking flight. I'm taking flight, after my wings grew back. They'd been clipped for a long time, and I get to fly now. It takes my breath away. Ryan Murphy has taught me to dream the impossible. I didn't know that it could look like this. I was told that I had to fix myself — that the performative art of masculinity was to be upheld. That's all it is: a performance. I was taught to perform masculinity so that people would believe me, and that it would be the only way I would ever achieve mainstream success. That's no longer true, and that's no longer the case. It's beautiful to see, to be a part of the generation that kicked the door down, and now, all these years later, to walk through the door. The people who were first don't always reap the benefits of what comes after that. The gift of this now is that I can benefit from something that my generation helped trailblaze. It's glorious.
Photos via Getty
Met Gala Credits:
Creative Direction & Styling: Sam Ratelle for RRR Creative Agency
Styling Assistant: Ashley Marie
Make-up: La Sonya Gunter (provided by Pat McGrath)
Custom Look: The Blonds
Custom Shoes: Giuseppe Zanotti
Jewelry: Oscar Heyman, Andreoli Fine Jewelry, John Hardy, MORDEKAI By Ken Borochov
Egyptian Litter & Carrier Designs: Nicolas Putvinski
Carrier Make-Up: Goran, Ashley Victoria
Billy Porter's Broadway Carriers: Julius Rubio, Kellen Stancil , Josh Drake, Anton Lapidus, Donald Jones Jr., Taurean Everett


Browsing 30 posts tagged with landscape.
Anderston, the district I live in, is a juxtaposition of beauty. Modern architectural delights, The Hydro and SECC, compliment the skyline, contrasted with derelict buildings, such as Bilslands' Bakery. I have a fascination with Bilslands' Bakery, but for the 3 years I have lived here, access has been blocked. I'd love to see inside.
James Bilsland ran a small family bakery in Anderston, Glasgow. In 1872, he was later joined by his brothers, William, Alexander and John.
William Bilsland had a flair for business and with him at the helm they soon acquired a number of bakeries around Glasgow.
In 1881 Bilsland Brothers became so prosperous they decided to build a factory to help them keep up with the demand. The bakery was completed in 1882 in Hydepark Street, Anderston, Glasgow.
If you're a frequent visitor to my blog, you may remember Mags' face. I stayed with Mags when I visited New York in September of last year. We grew up together, so when she touched down in Scotland for only a few days, I sped through to Strachur despite already having driven 440 miles and being sick of sitting behind the wheel. Even though my wheel is awesome.
Mags has invited me back to New York. I'm thinking of spending a few days there, then hopping over to San Francisco. OH MAN.
I was fortunate enough to bring in the bells surrounded by some of my oldest friends. A large group of us – most of who I know from high school – headed to Strachur to spend an evening in Strachur House, a mammoth 40+ room mansion. We danced at a local ceilidh, before retiring to the house library to count the clock down to 2013, following it up with a boogie in the ball room. Fun!
The drive to and from was, as always, breathtaking. Getting away from Glasgow is a much needed reminder that Scotland can be easy on the eyes.
As if you didn't already know, considering I haven't shut up about it since booking my 8 day, New York 'vacation' in July. I'm staying with a friend I've known for 20 years. My only friendship of any length over, like, 5 years.
Despite having visited New York before, this is turning out to be quite a different vibe as I'm kicking about with people who actually live here, staying in Brooklyn and riding the subway regularly, and going to places a little off the beaten path.
Yesterday I photographed the Clyde swim in Greenock. I will share the photos later in the week, but while in Greenock on such a beautiful day, I drove to the top of Lyle Hill and took a few photos with the intention of stitching them together in Photoshop. It's a rarity I will say this, but Greenock looked pretty. Oh, and you might have noticed it wasn't my first time up Lyle Hill.
With a sister living in Edinburgh, I've come to hear of Arthur's Seat a fair bit. My sister claims to have ran around it a few times (I don't believe her), and it's one of Edinburgh's top tourist attractions. Despite that, it has taken me until today to finally pay it a visit, and I chose the foggiest, wettest kind of day for it. I even wore a poncho. A poncho.
The top of Arthur's Seat was covered in a thick, dreamy mist. It meant that the view over Edinburgh became less visible the higher we got, but I took some of the moodiest landscapes I've ever shot. I would like to return during the Summer for a different vibe. Oh wait, it is Summer.
This is the view from the apartment block I live in, but not my actual apartment (I live wayyy down the bottom). This is from an 8th floor duplex apartment, which my neighbours were kind enough to let me look around. One thing is for sure, I have to work my way up to the very top. Just look at the view of the River Clyde!


text:
Panasonic Presents "Ideas For Life" Keynote Lecture Series During Advertising Week 2005
WEBWIRE – Monday, September 26, 2005
Panasonic Providing High Definition Plasma Displays For Exhibits And Events
NEW YORK, NY (September 26, 2005) ― Panasonic Corporation of North America, a Gold Tier corporate partner with Advertising Week, is proud to host a series of keynote lectures featuring industry visionaries during the week-long celebration of Madison Avenue's best and brightest. The "Ideas For Life" lecture series, free to the public, is being held at the Museum of Television and Radio, 25 West 52nd Street, from September 26 through September 30.
"Panasonic has always respected the advertising community for its influence on popular culture," said Bob Greenberg, vice president, Panasonic Brand Marketing. "It's truly an honor to bring such industry luminaries to this lecture series.
"Advertising Week is all about sharing great ideas, a premise that fits perfectly with Panasonic's brand statement, 'Ideas For Life,' and with today's networked generation."
In addition, Panasonic is providing high definition video equipment and digital flat-panel displays, including 65-inch and 50-inch HD plasma displays, to bring the week's events to life.
Panasonic's HD plasma displays will be used for the kick-off gala at the United Nations on the evening of September 26. Plasma and LCD displays will deliver the Online Publishers Association's "Opt-in to Advertising's New Age" exhibition, a retrospective of print, broadcast and Internet advertising. The exhibit, free to the public, will run from September 27 through December 31 at the New York Public Library for Science, Industry and Business (188 Madison Avenue), and will then travel to Chicago and Los Angeles. Panasonic ruggedized Toughbook® laptop computers will also be used to support this program.
HD plasma monitors will also be used to display more than 1500 images submitted to the Advertising Photographers of America national photo competition.
To increase awareness of the benefits of the high-definition video format among the creative and production communities, Panasonic is recording two special events for industry insiders on HD video: an amateur night at the famed Apollo Theater, and a battle of ad agency bands at The Supper Club in Times Square.
"Digital video technology is changing the art of filmmaking," noted Greenberg. "As a leader in this exciting technology, Panasonic has been instrumental in nurturing the growth of digital cinema and in illustrating how the digital video format and HD cameras allow flexibility at the highest level of creative expression, without sacrificing production values."
Advertising Week 2005 includes nearly 200 events, beginning with the "Procession of the Great Icons," a parade of the advertising world's most beloved characters, on Monday, September 26 at 10:00 am. The procession will be broadcast live to the NBC Astrovision by Panasonic, the three-story high video screen on Times Square, and also webcast via Earthcam (www.earthcam.com.) For more information about Advertising Week visit www.advertisingweek.com.
Joel Hollander, Chairman & CEO, Infinity Broadcasting
Tuesday, 9/27
Dan Rosensweig, COO, Yahoo!
Wednesday, 9/28
Susan Lyne, President & CEO, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia
Thursday, 9/29
Mike Kelly, President, AOL Media Networks
Faith Popcorn, Founder, Faith Popcorn's Brain Reserve
Based in Secaucus, NJ, Panasonic Corporation of North America markets a broad line of digital and other electronics products for consumer, business and industrial use. The company is the principal North American subsidiary of Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (NYSE: MC) of Japan, and the hub of Panasonic's U.S. marketing, sales, service and R&D operations. Information about Panasonic and its products is available at www.panasonic.com. Additional company information for journalists is available at www.panasonic.com/pressroom.
www.panasonic.com/pressroom
www.advertisingweek.com
Gavin Skillman
Cohn & Wolfe
Household / Consumer / Cosmetics


The original unit of input is tonnes per year. It includes the North Sea. PCB = Sum of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/direct-and-riverine-inputs-of-hazardous-substances-into-the-north-east-atlantic-1 or scan the QR code.


text:
The Importance of Extracting Fat from the Food Industry
Sponsored by CEM Corporation - AnalyticalAug 13 2018
Fat extraction from food is a necessary procedure in the food industry in terms of product formulation. This is because all food labels are required to report both the saturated and unsaturated fat content of their products. In addition, consumers would also intend to determine the contents of their food, especially in terms of fat.
Image Credits: monticello/shutterstock.com
In an industry with lots of quality control and that is increasingly becoming more consumer-driven, time becomes a critical factor. Food manufacturers are concerned with additional testing prior to product release, making the speed of analysis a critical factor.
In this article, presented is the capability of EDGE®, with its patent-pending Q-Cup Technology™, to extract total fat from hot dogs and potted meat in less than five minutes.
Total fat extraction is challenging because there is a risk of fat getting trapped within the matrix. A traditional method like Soxhlet is effective, but requires lots of time and solvent, in addition to being destructive to the sample. The food industry nowadays requires a method wherein fat content could be determined quicker and safer.
Apart from food labeling needs, it is also important to analyze food contaminants. In doing so, there is a need to further process a sample after fat extraction, but as most traditional methods would just destroy the sample after the process, doing additional analyses is not possible.
Discover how the EDGE can extract Fat from food quickly.
With EDGE, fat extraction from hot dogs and potted meat could be completed in less than five minutes. The EDGE process is non-destructive, enabling the extracted sample to be ready for further analysis. Included in the run time are the extraction, filtration, cooling, and system washing.
The EDGE uses the Q-Cup Technology that combines pressurized fluid extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction in a single instrument that produces rapid and efficient extraction. The easy-to-assemble Q-Cup™ sample holder boasts of a unique open cell concept that creates a dispersive effect and facilitates rapid extraction and filtration. The result is fast, simple, and efficient extractions.
It is easy to set up a sample preparation using the EDGE. A Q-Disc™ must be placed in the Q-Cup base, and the two parts must be screwed together. A sorbent or drying agent may be added along with wet or dry food samples not exceeding five grams.
Removing Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) from Soil
Extracting Pesticides from Food
The Importance of Extracting Phthalates from Plastics
Figure 1. The EDGE Process
The EDGE will utilize only 40 mL of solvent per extraction, which includes a solvent for diffusive extraction and sample rinse. During system cleaning, the device may use up to an additional 30 mL of solvent. The rapid heating of the extraction chamber combined with diffusive action enables a temperature of up to 180°C to be achieved in less than two minutes.
Sample is Loaded
The Q-Cup is automatically loaded into the chamber by the autosampler. The pressure cap then creates a pressurized seal on the top of the Q-Cup.
Solvent is Extracted
The solvent is first added through the bottom to fill the gap between the chamber and Q-Cup, aiding in heat transfer. The solvent is then added through the top of the Q-Cup to wet the sample.
As the chamber walls are heated, the pressure in the gap increases. This process overcomes the pressure inside the Q-Cup, forcing the solvent to disperse into the sample.
Extract is Collected
Once the sample reaches the target temperature, the solvent is dispensed through the Q-Disc, the cooling coil, and into a collection vial.
Procedure and Method
The hot dog and potted meat samples were homogenized in a grinder and then dried in an oven at 120°C for one hour. One gram samples of hot dog or potted meat were mixed with one gram of sand. They were then added to an assembled Q-Cup containing a Q-Disc. The Q-Cups were placed in the EDGE removable rack, each with a collection vial, and the rack was slid into place on the EDGE.
The One Touch Method™ for total fat was used. The extracts were transferred to pre-weighed centrifuge tubes and then dried using a Genevac EZ-2 Plus Evaporating System. The dried samples in the centrifuge tubes were weighed to determine total fat.
Nathan's® Famous skinless beef franks and ARMOUR® Star potted meat were purchased from a local grocery store. Samples were mixed with sand from Sigma Aldrich. Samples were extracted using both the EDGE and Soxhlet, while petroleum ether was used as the extraction solvent. The system was washed with petroleum ether and water.
The EDGE, through its Q-Cup Technology, yielded comparable results to Soxhlet for the total fat extraction of hot dogs and potted meat in less than five minutes. Table 1 presents the recovery data, in comparison to Soxhlet, for the extraction of fat from hot dogs and potted meat. With EDGE, the total fat of hot dogs and potted meat was speedily determined using minimal solvent in a one-step simple process. As expected, the samples were not destroyed and could be further processed, if necessary.
Table 1. Recovery data for the extraction of fat of hot dogs and potted meat versus Soxhlet
% Recovery versus Soxhlet
Potted Meat 104
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CEM Corporation - Analytical.
For more information on this source, please visit CEM Corporation - Analytical.
CEM Corporation - Analytical. (2020, December 21). The Importance of Extracting Fat from the Food Industry. AZoM. Retrieved on January 19, 2021 from https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16481.
CEM Corporation - Analytical. "The Importance of Extracting Fat from the Food Industry". AZoM. 19 January 2021. <https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16481>.
CEM Corporation - Analytical. "The Importance of Extracting Fat from the Food Industry". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16481. (accessed January 19, 2021).
CEM Corporation - Analytical. 2020. The Importance of Extracting Fat from the Food Industry. AZoM, viewed 19 January 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16481.
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A Weekend of Sipping, Shopping, Spa-ing, Indulging and more.
Ocean Drive Magazine is partnering with the Loews Miami Beach Hotel for the ultimate Girlfriends' Getaway Weekend! Girlfriends from all over are invited to South Beach for a weekend of spoiling and pampering. Headlining the event is Celebrity Stylist, Star of the Bravo TV hit show It's a Brad, Brad World, and Author, Brad Goreski. Ocean Drive's Girlfriends Getaway takes place at the ultra-chic Loews Miami Beach Hotel, April 20 – 22, 2012. Ladies looking for some much-needed girl time will enjoy a three day/two night stay with all the extras needed for some fun in the sun and will be the first to get a sneak peak of the hotel's brand new cabanas, the final phase of their multi-million dollar relaunch which began in 2010.
Loews Miami Beach Hotel – flaunting a "SoBe style" fusion of cosmopolitan and Art Deco influences – creates beachfront elegance for the authentic hip. Located in the "heart" of South Beach, directly on the Atlantic Ocean, the hotel showcases 790 luxury guestrooms, renovated in 2010, a palm tree lined promenade, oceanfront sparkling pool, Elemis Spa and Fitness Center, 65,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor meeting and function space, seven restaurants and bars including Sushi SoBe created by Master Sushi Chef, Fuji Fujita and Pottery Barn's PBkids SoBe Kids's Camp and Splash and Splish retail boutiques. For more information, visit http://www.loewshotels.com or call 305-604-1601. Join us on Facebook and share your style tips at facebook.com/LoewsMiamiBeachHotel.
Ocean Drive magazine is the quintessential fashion and lifestyle magazine for South Florida, delivering the latest trends in fashion, beauty, art, travel, real estate, and entertainment. With its infectious glimpse into high and hip society, this glossy, oversized coffee-table book has become a staple in the homes of discerning, high-end audiences. Featuring sizzling content that is always ahead of the curve, Ocean Drive magazine delivers firsthand knowledge of new trends and captures the essence of the American Riviera. Ocean Drive magazine is published by Niche Media LLC., a subsidiary of Greenspun Media Group (GMG), which traces its roots back to the launch of the Las Vegas Sun in 1950. Niche Media is the country's preeminent regional lifestyle publishing company, whose city-specific publications include: Art Basel Miami Beach, Aspen Peak, Boston Common, Capitol File, Gotham, Hamptons, Los Angeles Confidential, Michigan Avenue, Ocean Drive, Philadelphia Style, Vegas and Wynn. GMG publications include: Las Vegas Magazine, Las Vegas Weekly, VEGAS INC and Vegas2Go. GMG and Niche Media titles exceed 35,000 pages with a combined annual distribution of 19 million copies nationally.


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Home 1 › The Football Factory 2
The Football Factory
The Football Factory centres on Tom Johnson, a reasoned 'Chelsea hooligan' who represents a disaffected society operating by brutal rules. We are shown the realities of life - social degradation, unemployment, racism, casual violence, excessive drink and bad sex - and, perhaps more importantly, how they fall into a political context of surveillance, media manipulation and division. Graphic and disturbing, sometimes very funny, and deeply affecting throughout, The Football Factory is a vertiginous rush of adrenaline - the most authentic book yet on the so-called English Disease.
The author:
John King is the author of eight novels - The Football Factory, Headhunters, England Away, Human Punk, White Trash, The Prison House, Skinheads and The Liberal Politics Of Adolf Hitler. The Football Factory has been turned into a high-profile film and his books have been widely translated abroad. He has also written short stories and non-fiction for a number of publications over the years, with articles appearing in the likes of The New Statesman, Le Monde and La Repubblica. He edits the fiction fanzine Verbal and lives in London.


The steps necessary to have a Jewish wedding in Barcelona do not differ tremendously from Jewish weddings in other countries.
You will need to contact your local Rabbi and request the religious paperwork necessary for a Jewish wedding in Barcelona. Crystal Events can arrange for the Rabbi in Barcelona to officiate the religious wedding, or you can opt to bring the Rabbi from your local Temple.
On the contrary as Catholic weddings celebrated in Spain, a Jewish wedding is not legally valid in your country of origin. You will have to arrange for the legal paperwork and signing of the legal wedding in your country of origin or current residence.
As Barcelona is a city rich with different cultures and religions, we can provide Kosher catering, as well as Jewish musicians and bands suited to your Jewish wedding. Although Spain is traditionally a Catholic country, with pork being one of the main elements served during a wedding, this can be modified in keeping with your religious beliefs.
As the requisites and laws may vary from country to country, we recommend that you contact us for more information.
We will be happy to assess you on the different ceremonies.


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HSBC Recruitment 2021 | Freshers | Trainee Engineer | BE/ B.Tech/ MCA | Pune
HSBC Recruitment 2021 | Freshers | Trainee Software Engineer | BE/ B.Tech – CSE/ IT; MCA | 2020/ 2021 Batch | Pune
Company: HSBC
HSBC Recruitment 2021: HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial services holding company, tracing its origin to a hong in Hong Kong. It is the world's seventh largest bank by total assets and the largest in Europe with total assets of US$2.374 trillion (as of December 2016). It was established in its present form in London in 1991 by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation to act as a new group holding company.
HSBC has around 3,900 offices in 67 countries and territories across Africa, Asia, Oceania, Europe, North America and South America, and around 38 million customers. As of 2014, it was the world's sixth-largest public company, according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine.
Company Website: www.hsbc.com
Positions: Trainee Software Engineer
Experience: Freshers
Salary: Best In Industry
Eligibility Criteria for HSBC Recruitment 2021:
BE/ B.Tech; MCA
Expert in developing front-end Web application, building rich Internet applications using Java 7/8, Springboot
Sound Understanding of Springboot – experience APIs and Process APIs (REST and SOAP)
Must have good exposure to Application development in professional capacity.
Experience in working in an Agile environment
Participate in design and code reviews
Knowledge of – Automation and DevOps will be an added advantage.
Knowledge of – RDBMS, Application server, DevOps, AWS, IDE (Eclipse) will be an added advantage
Java 7 / 8
Spring or Springboot
How to Apply for HSBC Recruitment 2021:
Desirous candidates may apply through online mode on or before 25th September 2021.


Spinit casino is available in 5 different languages - English, Norwegian, German, Swedish and Finish. Spinit is mobile and live and holds a UKGC license. A generous welcome bonus will help you to dive into a big variety of casino games.
Spinit is a relatively new online casino that operates since 2015. The Casino is running by the same group which operates "Casino Cruise", another extremely rated online casino. Customers can expect a lot from the Spinit experience, starting from the Bonuses & Promotions, the user interface and the whole look and feel experience.
New customers can claim a generous welcome bonus. This bonus is broken down into four separate deposits that accumulates into £1000 bonus. Not only that this huge bonus is super attractive, depositing customer of a minimum £10 will enjoy 200 free spins as well over a period of 10 days when each day the customer will receive 20 free spins that are valid for 24 hours (read the full T&C ).
The game selection can make or break an online casino. At Spinit, we found one of the biggest directories with over 1000 games from different developers including NetEnt, Evolution, Play'n, Microgaming and IGT that brings you the opportunity to play online slots including classic three reel and five reel slots, table games where you can choose from roulette/ blackjack/ baccarat and more. If you are more into offline atmosphere and looking for a human touch then you have to try the live casino and the wide variety of live dealers found there. As for all the Jackpot lovers here you will have a taste from the popular Mega Moolah and Mega fortune games. Try your luck.
Players can reach the Customer support team through Phone, email and live chat which works from 08:00 to 24:00 (GMT). You can also choose to find answers to your issues via the FAQ page regarding different topics customers asked already.


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See why we have the highest, 4-star rating from Charity Navigator!
We do all we can to keep our administrative and fundraising costs low. We are proud to say that we have consistently devoted 80% or more of our expenses to research and research-related programming that will help us find the cure for Progeria. According to the Standards for Charity Accountability, non-profits should spend at least 65% on program activities, so we are far above that figure and always striving to make it higher.
PRF's fiscal responsibility has been a key factor in attaining a coveted 4-star rating with Charity Navigator, America's premier independent nonprofit evaluator, for seven years in a row. Their in-depth, objective analysis revealed PRF's strong financial and organizational status: "Only 7% of the charities we evaluate have received at least 7 consecutive 4-star evaluations… Attaining a 4-star rating verifies that The Progeria Research Foundation exceeds industry standards and outperforms most charities in your area of work. This exceptional designation from Charity Navigator sets The Progeria Research Foundation apart from its peers and demonstrates to the public its trustworthiness." Please click here to review details on our four star rating.
We do all we can to keep our administrative and fundraising costs low. We are proud to say that we have consistently devoted over 80% of our expenses to research and programming that will help us find the cure for Progeria. According to the Standards for Charity Accountability, non-profits should spend at least 65% on program activities, so we are far above that figure and always striving to make it higher.
PRF's fiscal responsibility has been a key factor in attaining a coveted 4-star rating with Charity Navigator, America's premier independent nonprofit evaluator for five years in a row. Their in-depth, objective analysis revealed PRF's strong financial and organizational status: "Only 8% of the charities we evaluate have received at least 6 consecutive 4-star evaluations, indicating that The Progeria Research Foundation outperforms most other charities in America. This exceptional designation from Charity Navigator sets The Progeria Research Foundation apart from its peers and demonstrates to the public its trustworthiness." Please click here to review details on our four star rating.
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Post subject: Tips and advice please. -3d artist graduate. Stuck.
You see, I went to 3d design school, and got my BA in visual arts.
When I graduated my software licenses have expired. My portfolio from graduation is not good enough to help me find a job. Due to expired software I am unable to improve my skills or portfolio.
I currently work at Comcast, and haven't touched 3d software in 2 years.
I'll be saving money to purchase 3ds max, zbrush, and photoshop.
It will take a few months though. I do not plan at staying at Comcast for more than I need to.
What I think I need, is someone I can ask advice from, so i can get back in the loop of creating 3d art. I definitely need to purchase the software again, but after that i'll need help with a game plan. Having someone to talk to or oversee my progress, would help me boost my productivity.
Maybe I need moral support, or just someone I can keep in touch with for advice. I feel stuck right now at my job, until I can purchase my software.
My goal is to create a worthy portfolio so I can join the job search.
My dream is to become a 3d artist. It is my passion.
I anticipate having enough money for all my needed software sometime in Mar-May.
After that my focus will be on portfolio creation.
Once I have positive feed back on my portfolio I will join the job hunt.
I'll keep this forum post as my journal, and anyone who is interested in giving advice is certainly welcome.


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Business Insider Will Integrate Taboola Feed to Give Readers a Social-Style Content Experience
Companies ink 2-year partnership
The latest partnership builds upon an existing arrangement between the two.
Business Inside, Taboola
Insider Inc., the parent company of Business Insider, today announced a partnership with content-discovery service Taboola that will see the publisher integrate the self-styled alternative to Facebook and Instagram's carousel style.
Dubbed Taboola Feed, the content-recommendation carousel will be integrated to give readers of the business website a continual, personalized content feed of Business Insider articles and third-party content in the form of native ads.
The exclusive two-year deal builds on an earlier partnership that saw the Axel Springer-owned publishing group integrate Taboola's widget, which Rich Kennedy, svp business and audience development at Business Insider, described as a way to suggest content to readers that they otherwise would have missed.
"Integrating Taboola into both our desktop and mobile web has led to more user engagement while also providing us with an additional valuable source of revenue," he said.
Insider Inc. reportedly hit the $100 million annual revenue mark and is profitable with revenue streams including its direct sold and programmatic advertising arms plus premium subscriptions and licensing.
Insider Inc. joins Tribune Publishing and IBM-owned The Weather Company in integrating the Taboola feed into their websites to maximize audience attention and monetization, with the Israel-based ad-tech outfit reportedly generating more than $1 billion in revenue in 2018.
Meanwhile, Taboola, along with its peers in the content recommendation sector such as Outbrain and RevContent, is eager to position itself as an alternative to partners like Facebook for premium publishers. In that regard, Taboola paid a reported $100 million for video recommendation specialist ConvertMedia prior to launching its content carousel.
The ambition to position Taboola as an alternative to platform providers such as Facebook and Google is particularly the case after the early 2018 change to Facebook's news feed algorithm that saw many web-based publishers suffer.
In particular, the detractors of such platform providers point to the fact that web-based publishers like LittleThings that used the social network as their primary traffic source cited it as a principal reason for their decline since January 2018.
Adam Singolda, CEO of Taboola, compared his company's content recommendation service to an operating system publishers can use to create a content stream similar to social services such as Facebook, Instagram or WeChat.
"Consumers can scroll and scroll and have a similar experience to what they have on social but on their favorite website," Singolda told Adweek.
The similarity of the ad formats available in the Taboola Feed to those on Facebook or Instagram is a popular trait among media buyers, Singolda said, and the familiarity of the format in premium environments is a unique selling point.
"This really grows performance for publishers that switch to Taboola Feed [from the earlier widget, similar to Business Insider]. … Over time, the idea is to try out other [monetization] formats on the feed such as commerce," he said.
Integrating the Taboola Feed into a website currently opens up advertisers to the demand of a pool of up to 10,000 buyers including brands, SMBs and performance marketers that can buy content either directly via a self-service platform or via a managed account.
The content-recommendation service claims to have an addressable audience of more than 1.4 billion web users per month, and Taboola claims the resulting data set is more useful to publishers eager to generate traffic than social platforms.
"We have a lot of data that is anonymized, but we think that's better than what you get with Facebook because that's just demographic data and what people tell Facebook they are," Singolda said. "Whereas we know what people are actually reading and clicking on."
Such content-recommendation services are not without their detractors when it comes to the quality of third-party content they introduce to premium web environments, but Singolda points out that this is an area of focus for his company.
https://adweek.it/2Bu18pa
Ronan Shields
@ronan_shields
Ronan Shields is a reporter for Adweek, focusing on ad-tech.


We are currently representing and distributing the products of the company Dramers from Poland and it makes our basic assortment.
Those are products of high quality and they are very affordable products for personal hygiene of Jean Marc, Man Perfect, Sweet candy and Brait brand products for refreshment and room cleanliness.
Deodorants, perfumes, gift sets, shaving foam, shaving lotions, spray room refreshers, room refreshers - decorative, refreshers refillers, furniture refreshments, cisterns, refreshes and disinfectants of toilets, furniture maintenance and polish spray.
We distribute and children's cosmetic products Lorenay from Spain.
Lorenay assortment consists of: children's sets, toothpastes, toothbrushes, hair brushes, shampoos and shower gels.


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This content references scientific studies and academic research, and is fact-checked to ensure accuracy.
Our team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strives to be objective, unbiased, and honest.
We are committed to bringing you researched, expert-driven content to help you make more informed decisions around food, health, and wellness. We know how important making choices about your overall health is, and we strive to provide you with the best information possible.
Dr. Fauci Says This One Place Needs to Close Down Now
"Close the bars and keep the schools open," he says.
By Alek Korab
The prediction of a "dark winter" appears to be coming true, as intensive care units across the country are filling up with coronavirus patients. In response, some states—like California, New York and Pennsylvania—and instituting mitigation measures that include stay-at-home advisories or business shutdowns. Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious disease expert and head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said, at The Wall Street Journal's CEO Council Summit on Tuesday, that one business in particular posed a threat to your safety. Read on to hear which place should close down now, and to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had Coronavirus.
"Close the Bars and Keep the Schools Open," Fauci Says
"One of the things that I've been speaking about lately is that I have said—we know now that in schools, the rate of infection is less than what we would have predicted and the children seem to be doing well, but we've got to provide the resources to the teachers, as well as to the local communities, to be able to address any self contingencies that come up with regard to protecting the health and the welfare of the children and the teachers," he said. "You know, you have probably often heard me say 'close the bars and keep the schools open.' I didn't mean that to be a facetious soundbite. I meant it that it's important to do that."
Fauci has repeatedly said bars are hives of COVID-19 transmission. Earlier this year, speaking before the Senate, CDC Chief Dr. Robert Dr. Redfield emphasized "knowing what the kinetics of transmission are in the community"—i.e., do you live in a hotspot or an area where there is limited transmission—and Dr. Fauci didn't hold back in identifying one type of establishment that is the ultimate danger zone for transmission.
"Congregation at a bar inside is bad news," he stated. "We really got to stop that. Right now."
"And when you do close the bars or limit capacity in the restaurant," he said earlier this month, "make sure we get resources to help the owners of the bars and the owners of the restaurant, not just shut them down and let them essentially make them for themselves, but give them the kind of assistance that they need. Because we do know that the bars that are open when you have congregating in bars, indoor in cold weather, that's a perfect setup to spread. So bottom line: close the bars, support the people who own the bars and keep the schools open."
Fauci talked more about such relief with the WSJ. If "you're going to close the bars and limit capacity of indoor dining and restaurants," he suggested, "we've got to get some relief to the bar and tavern owners, to the restaurant owners. We can't ask them to sacrifice at this time as we don't give them any relief, otherwise they're going to lose their source of livelihood. So there has to be resources to help enterprises like restaurants and bars to participate in the public health endeavor. We seem to sometimes forget that we ask people to do things that is very deleterious to their welfare, namely closing up or not allowing full capacity indoors in a restaurant."
Fauci said it wasn't his bailiwick to provide such relief, but he is a proponent of it.
RELATED: 7 Tips You Must Follow to Avoid COVID, Say Doctors
How to Survive This Pandemic
As for yourself, do everything you can to prevent getting—and spreading—COVID-19 in the first place, no matter where you live: Wear a face mask, get tested if you think you have coronavirus, avoid crowds (and bars, and house parties), practice social distancing, only run essential errands, wash your hands regularly, disinfect frequently touched surfaces, and to get through this pandemic at your healthiest, don't miss these 35 Places You're Most Likely to Catch COVID.
Coronavirus // Coronavirus Tips // Dr. Fauci // News
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We asked the experts.
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Shining a Spotlight on the Underrepresented
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Help us Choose Our September Readalongs
Have you joined us on Goodreads yet? Each month we post a poll for our members to select the next month's readalong. We will have TWO readalongs during our anniversary celebration in September. The poll for the September readalongs ends tomorrow (Saturday, Aug 07, 2021 11:59PM PDT) so be sure to head over and vote for the book you would like to read and discuss with us next month! Poll Help us choose our September 2021 Readalong! We're doing two this month to celebrate our LOHF 3rd Anniversary. First and second place poll winners will be discussed throughout the month of September. Beneath A Bethel The Return The Invention of…
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LOHF Awards
2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Awards
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team would like to congratulate all of the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award recipients. Please join us in celebrating these amazing women and their outstanding works of horror fiction. Best Collection Winner: All That's Fair, S.H. Cooper Also nominated: Bluebeard's First Wife, Ha Seong-nanHalloween Season, Lucy A. SnyderLucid Screams, Red LagoeSed de Sangre, V. Castro Best Debut Winner: The Year of the Witching, Alexis Henderson Also nominated: Beneath the Rising, Premee MohamedCatherine House, Elisabeth ThomasFairest Flesh, K.P. KulskiLakewood, Megan GiddingsThe Return, Rachel Harrison Best Graphic Novel Winner: The Low, Low Woods, Carmen Maria Machado (art by Dani) Also nominated: Devil Within, Stephanie Phillips, art…
LOHF Award for Best Young Adult
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Young Adult. Blood Countess by Lana Popović In 16th century Hungary, Anna Darvulia has just begun working as a scullery maid for the young and glamorous Countess Elizabeth Báthory. When Elizabeth takes a liking to Anna, she's vaulted to the dream role of chambermaid, a far cry from the filthy servants' quarters below. She receives wages generous enough to provide for her family, and the Countess begins to groom Anna as her friend and confidante. It's not long before Anna falls completely under the Countess's spell—and the Countess takes full advantage.…
LOHF Award for Best Short Fiction
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Short Fiction. "Unkindly Girls," Hailey Piper "Unkindly Girls" by Hailey Piper appeared in Worst Laid Plans: An Anthology of Vacation Horror edited by Samantha Kolesnik | Published August 31st 2020 by Grindhouse Press | Goodreads | Bookshop | Amazon To learn more about Hailey Piper, visit Hailey Piper's profile in the LOHF Directory. Congratulations to Hailey Piper and the 2020 nominees for Best Short Fiction: "Carreg Samson," Catherine McCarthy (Diabolica Britannica: A Dark Isles Horror Compendium)"The Clockmaker," Sonora Taylor (Graveyard Smash: Women of Horror Anthology, Volume 2)"The Cucuy of Cancun," V.…
LOHF Award for Best Poetry Collection
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Poetry Collection. A Complex Accident of Life by Jessica McHugh "I am a vessel of dauntless courage and severe evil. My joy will endeavor, my rage possess." Inspired by Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Jessica McHugh's debut poetry collection, A Complex Accident of Life, combines visual art and text to create 52 pieces of Gothic blackout poetry exploring the intense passion, enigmatic nature, and transformative pleasure of life, viewed through the kaleidoscopic lens of a female horror artist. Published June 24th 2020 by Apokrupha | Goodreads | Amazon To learn more about Jessica…
LOHF Award for Best Novella
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Novella. The Bell Chime by Mona Kabbani "Can you hear the bell chime?" A girl suffering from paralyzing night terrors finds a missing poster hanging from the door of her apartment building. On that poster is a photograph of a frighteningly familiar face. It's her. Only, she's never seen this photo before and something about its grin scares her. How its eyes seem to follow her no matter where she finds herself in the room. Over a series of strange events to follow—events that will make her question whether her sanity…
LOHF Award for Best Novel
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Novel. Tender Is the Flesh by Agustina Bazterrica Working at the local processing plant, Marcos is in the business of slaughtering humans —though no one calls them that anymore. His wife has left him, his father is sinking into dementia, and Marcos tries not to think too hard about how he makes a living. After all, it happened so quickly. First, it was reported that an infectious virus has made all animal meat poisonous to humans. Then governments initiated the "Transition." Now, eating human meat—"special meat"—is legal. Marcos tries to stick…
LOHF Award for Best Middle Grade
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Middle Grade. Hide and Seeker by Daka Hermon One of our most iconic childhood games receives a creepy twist as it becomes the gateway to a nightmare world. I went up the hill, the hill was muddy, stomped my toe and made it bloody, should I wash it? Justin knows that something is wrong with his best friend.Zee went missing for a year. And when he came back, he was . . . different. Nobody knows what happened to him. At Zee's welcome home party, Justin and the neighborhood crew play…
LOHF Award for Best Graphic Novel
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Graphic Novel. The Low, Low Woods by Carmen Maria Machado(Art by Dani) When your memories are stolen, what would you give to remember? Follow El and Vee as they search for answers to the questions everyone else forgot. Shudder-to-Think, Pennsylvania, is plagued by a mysterious illness that eats away at the memories of those affected by it. El and Octavia are two best friends who find themselves the newest victims of this disease after waking up in a movie theater with no memory of the past few hours. As El and…
LOHF Award for Best Debut
The Ladies of Horror Fiction team is pleased to announce the 2020 Ladies of Horror Fiction Award for Best Debut. The Year of the Witching by Alexis Henderson A young woman living in a rigid, puritanical society discovers dark powers within herself in this stunning, feminist fantasy debut. In the lands of Bethel, where the Prophet's word is law, Immanuelle Moore's very existence is blasphemy. Her mother's union with an outsider of a different race cast her once-proud family into disgrace, so Immanuelle does her best to worship the Father, follow Holy Protocol, and lead a life of submission, devotion, and absolute conformity, like all the other women in the…
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Choowang, R., Lin, J., and Zhao, G. (2019). "Efficiency of blended polyhydric alcohols solution on liquefaction of oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)," BioRes. 14(2), 2759-2772.
The oil palm tree is a monocotyledon, and the chemical composition varies relative to the part of its trunk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the chemical composition in different parts of an oil palm trunk and the rate of liquefaction. PEG#400/glycerol (4:1, w/w) was the liquefying reagent with 2% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Liquefaction was done at the optimum conditions of liquor ratio, temperature (130 to 180 °C), and reaction time (30 to 120 min). The results revealed that the rate of liquefying was dependent on the part of the trunk. The inner zone in the top parts of the trunk had the least amount of lignin and lowest crystallinity. Thus, these parts could be liquefied faster than the other parts of the trunk. According to FTIR, XRD, and 13C NMR analyses, the amorphous polymer content (comprised of lignin, hemicellulose, and disordered zones of cellulose and starch) mostly degraded at the low temperature of 140 °C for 30 min, while the crystalline regions required higher temperature (180 °C). Increasing the temperature had stronger effects than extending reaction time or the liquor ratio. Furthermore, excess in these reaction parameters caused re-condensation of the degraded liquefied products.
Oil palm trees are important agricultural crops found in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In 2017, oil palm plantations in Thailand covered a total harvested area of approximately 1.2 million hectares, representing a 55% increase from 2010. Trees are replanted in more than 24,000 hectares/year (Office of Agricultural Economics 2017) due to older trees becoming too tall and providing low yield, as well as high harvesting economic costs when the oil palm trees reach 25 years age. Therefore, more than 1 million tons of oil palm trunk biomass is created annually. Most of this biomass is left to rot in fields instead of being utilized. Regarding the chemical composition of oil palm trunks, a previous study found a high amount of carbohydrate polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch (Hashim et al. 2011), which are all good bio-resource materials for liquefaction to convert the material to eco-friendly products.
Liquefaction products are used in several products, such as wood adhesives, bio-plastics, activated carbon fiber, etc. Generally, they can be produced from lignocellulosic materials by reactions with organic polymers, phenol, and polyhydric alcohols, aided by catalysts at medium temperatures ranging from 120 °C to 180 °C (Alma et al. 1998; Zhang et al. 2006a; Pan 2011; Huang et al. 2015). Most prior studies have focused on phenol that has a high ability to dissolve wood by degrading it to liquefied products (Zhang et al. 2006b). However, phenols are petrochemical materials and can be considered unsustainable, whereas polyhydric alcohols are low in toxicity and have low costs as liquefying reagents. Several types of polyhydric alcohols have been investigated. Yip and co-workers (2009) found that ethylene carbonate (EC) gave less residue than ethylene glycol (EG); in the case of the liquefying bamboo the process needed 5% hydrochloric acid as catalyst at 180 °C. Guo et al. (2014) reported that the liquefying rate of giant reed biomass was more rapid when using polyethylene glycol (PEG#400) mixed with 3% sulfuric acid at 170 °C and with a liquor ratio of 7:1 (w/w) than when using ethylene glycol solution. However, applying polyethylene glycol alone led to re-condensation during the liquefaction process and reduced yield of the product. These results match the previous report of Yamada et al. (2001). They demonstrated that liquefying Japanese cedar in PEG#400 solvent led to condensation after 30 min reaction time; the reaction was accelerated with 3% sulfuric acid (based on the amount of solvent) and the temperature was 150 °C. The re-condensation with excessive reaction time might be due to the condensation of lignin and 5-hydroxymethyfurfural (HMF) formed from the degraded products, and it can be retarded by adding glycerol. A mixture of PEG#400 and glycerol has been applied as an excellent liquefying reagent for various biomass types, such as corn starch, bagasse, cotton, bamboo, wheat straw, corncob, and others. Glycerol contents in the range from 10% to 20% are suitable for replacing PEG#400 liquefying reagent, based on low residue content (Yao et al.1996; Hassan and Shukry 2008; Chen and Lu 2009; Zhang et al. 2012). Overall, the key reaction parameters are liquor ratio, catalysts, liquefaction temperature and reaction time, and these should match the structure and chemical composition of wood or other lignocellulosic raw materials (Kurimoto et al. 2001). Thus, the optimal liquefaction parameters must be investigated for each alternative raw material. Although the liquefaction of oil palm trunk in glycerol and ethylene glycol have been studied, the liquefaction yield was less than using the blendedpolyhydric alcohols (Yamada et al. 2001; Awalludin et al. 2017).
Besides, the oil palm trunk from the bottom peripheral zone of the stem can be used in furniture and in non-structural construction components (Ratnasingam and Ioras 2011). Therefore, the middle and top parts of the stem (higher than 4 meters) were considered in this research as raw materials for liquefaction products. The dependence of chemical composition in the oil palm trunk on part selected was investigated first. Reactions with PEG#400 blended with glycerol (4:1, w/w) as the liquefying agent were evaluated with varied liquor ratio, temperature and time. The catalyst was 2% sulfuric acid based on the total amount of liquefying agent. The criterion evaluated was residue content that should be minimized. Further, the wood samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Oil palm trunks were harvested from a replantation in Surat Thani province, in Southern Thailand. The trees were felled at 60 cm from ground and cut into logs of 1 meter length. The logs that were cut from middle and top parts of the trunk were sawn into lumber with separate outer and inner zones. The lumber from different parts of trunk was cut into chips, which were oven dried at 100 °C to reduce the moisture content. The dried chips were ground into fine powder (40- to 60-mesh) and stored in a desiccator until use.
The contents of ash, Klason lignin, holocellulose, and alpha cellulose in each part of the oil palm trunk were analyzed in accordance with the Chinese standards GB/T 742 (2008), GB/T 10337 (2008), GB/T 2677.10 (1995), and GB/T 744 (1989), respectively. Measurement of each component was conducted in at least triplicate, and the results were found to be reproducible. Further, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were applied to assess the chemical compositions of the oil palm trunk parts.
where Wr is the oven-dried weight of the residue in filter cake (g) and Wo is the oven-dry weight of oil palm trunk powder (g).
The morphology of the inner zone from the top parts of the oil palm trunk was imaged by a scanning electron microscope (Gemini SEM500, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The dried cross-section sample (2 x 2 mm) was covered with platinum layer by using a sputter rate of 0.05 nm/s for 7 min before the micrographs were taken.
The functional groups in oil palm trunk raw material and in process residue were determined by FTIR spectrometry using the GX FT-IR system (PerkinElmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) over the scan range from 400 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1. A 1 mg sample of residue powder was mixed with 99 mg of finely ground potassium bromide and compressed to a disk for measurement.
Solid State 13C NMR spectrometer (JNM-ECZ600R, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a 3.2 mm probe was used to analyze the inner zone of top parts of the trunk and its process residue. All measurements were conducted at 298 K with a MAS spinning rate of 12 kHz and relaxation time of 2 s. Each specimen was measured for 1 h.
where I002 is the intensity for the (002) plane and Iam is the intensity of the amorphous fraction.
Table 1 shows the ash content by zone and part of the trunk. It ranged from 2.67% to 3.78%. The outer zone in the middle part of the trunk had the highest contents of holocellulose, alpha cellulose, and acid-insoluble lignin. The chemical compositions did not greatly differ between the inner zone in the middle parts and the outer zone in the top part of the trunk. According to previous reports, oil palm trunk contains abundant starch granules, mostly in the parenchyma cells, depending on the zone and source of oil palm trunk (Tomimura 1992; Prawitwong et al. 2012). Therefore, the chemical composition of oil palm trunk that is indicated in Table 1 is also comprised of starch.
Furthermore, the FTIR spectra shown in Fig. 1A indicate that the parts of the trunk were similar with regard to functional groups of carbohydrate polymers. The α-1,4 linkages are detected at lower wavenumbers than β-1,4 linkages (Sekkal et al. 1995; Kizil et al. 2002). The outer zone of middle parts had a clear band at 1039 cm-1, which indicated β-1,4 linkages of cellulose. The band consistently shifted to 995 cm-1 for the inner zone of the top parts, due to a higher portion of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages only found in starch. Oil palm trunk contains abundant starch granules, mostly in the parenchyma cells, depending on the zone and source of oil palm trunk (Prawitwong et al. 2012). This was confirmed by the XRD analysis (Fig. 1B). The X-ray diffraction pattern from the inner zone of the top part of the trunk was similar to the diffraction pattern of starch isolated from the trunk, as shown in Fig. 1B (Noor et al. 1999). The main crystalline peaks were observed at 2θ = 15.22°, 17.10°, 18.20°, and 22.84°. The crystalline peak at 2θ = 22.84° was less intense compared with other parts. The outer zone of the middle part of the trunk had a higher peak at 2θ = 22°, which may indicate crystalline regions in cellulose. The inner zone of the top part of the trunk had a high amount of starch, which was confirmed by the micrograph in Fig. 2. The vascular bundles (V) were surrounded by the parenchyma cells (P) that were filled with starch granules (S).
The residue was separated from the liquefaction products of different parts of oil palm trunk after the liquefaction at 140 °C for 60 min, and the residue amounts were calculated, as shown in Fig. 3. The inner zone of the top part of the trunk gave the lowest percentage of residue, while the residues amounts from the other three parts were approximately twice that of the inner zone of top part of trunk, especially for the liquor ratio of 1/3. These effects may be caused by the different amounts of chemical components in different parts of trunk. The inner zone of the top parts contained lower amounts of lignin, lower values of crystalline index, and more starch, while the other three parts showed relative higher amount of crystalline cellulose, which is densely packed. Generally, crystalline regions need longer processing time than amorphous regions, and amorphous structures including lignin, hemicellulose, disordered zones of cellulose, and starch are easily penetrated by acidic solution and then rapidly liquefied (Hoover 2000; Zhang et al. 2012b).
Liquefaction with different liquor ratios from 1/3 to 1/5 was also conducted. The resultant residue amount decreased with decreasing the liquor ratio, as shown in Fig. 3. The highest residue amounts were obtained from the liquor ratio of 1/3, while there was no significant difference in residue amounts between the ratios 1/4 and 1/5, especially for the inner zone of top part of trunk. The glycerol used with PEG 400 accelerates the liquefying reactions and inhibits re-condensation. This is because glycerol is highly polar and has a good ability to penetrate biomass and dissolve lignin. It complements the acidic breakdown of polysaccharides. Furthermore, glycerol reacts with lignin fragments, generating free radicals (Novo et al. 2011).
Considering the fact that they had the lowest residue amount and its smaller difference in liquor ratios between 1/4 and 1/5, the inner zone of the top parts of the trunk and liquor ratio of 1/3 and 1/4 were selected for further study on the influence of liquefaction temperature and time. Figure 4 shows that the residues decreased with increasing liquefaction temperature from 130 °C to 180 °C. A strongly reduced residue with 30 min time was observed as the temperature was increased. There were small differences among the varying liquefaction times at each temperature from 140 °C to 170 °C, especially with liquor ratio 1/4. This may be caused by the rapid decomposition of most amorphous carbohydrate compounds in the inner zone of top parts of oil palm trunk such as hemicellulose and starch, which were easily transformed into small molecular under the heating and acid conditions. These results indicated that the liquefaction temperature had significantly varying effects on the residue.
In addition, the liquefaction temperature of 140 °C gave less residue than 150 °C and became raised when the reaction time was increased from 30 min to 60 min, but this situation was not evident with the liquor ratio of 1/4 (Fig. 4B). This was due to the rapid degradation of oil palm component in an acidic liquefaction solution, leading to a high concentration of sugars. In particular, glucose and xylose, which are the main sugars in oil palm, including the intermediate chemicals derived from sugars, were transformed to levulinic acids such as HMF and furfural. Sugars and furan products can be condensed among themselves and decomposed again, depending on the temperature, time, and acidity of the solvent (Hoover 2000; Kobayashi et al. 2004; Sarwono et al. 2017; Filiciottoa et al. 2018). However, Fig. 4 shows that the residue amounts increased after 60 min reaction time in the case of only 180 °C for the liquor ratio of 1/3 and both 170 °C and 180 °C for the liquor ratio of 1/4, due to the re-condensation of lignin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) products from glucose at relatively higher temperature (Yamada et al. 2001). In addition, high temperatures and prolonged reaction times promote the polymerization and/or curing of liquefied products (Ugovšek and Sernek 2013; Kim et al.2016).
FTIR is an extremely useful method to investigate the functional groups of polymers. Figure 5(A) shows the FTIR spectra of oil palm trunk, and its residue after liquefaction at various temperatures for 30 min. In the spectrum of oil palm, the band centered at 3410 cm-1 was assigned to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups, mainly in the carbohydrate polymers such as starch, hemicellulose, and cellulose, as the lignin content is only about 5.1% in oil palm trunk. After liquefaction, the broad peak had transformed into a sharp one, and the band shifted to the higher wavenumber 3431 cm-1 in all the residues after liquefaction, indicating the decomposition of starch and cleavage of hydrogen bonds. As the liquefaction temperatures increased, the skeletal mode vibrations of the pyranose ring at wavenumber 576 cm-1 and the C-H stretching vibrations at 2930 cm-1 slightly decreased, which due to the decomposition of amorphous starch. When the liquefaction temperature was 180 °C, the peak at 576 cm-1 almost disappeared. This may indicate the decomposition of all amorphous carbohydrate polymers and most of the cellulose, leading to the low 3.7% residue content.
The FTIR spectra of residues after liquefaction for various times at 170 °C are shown in Fig. 5(B). Compared with the raw material, the residue from liquefaction for 30 min exhibited a relatively sharp peak at 3431 cm-1 from the decomposition of starch. The peak at 1055 cm-1 represents ether bonds becoming weaker up to 60 min of liquefaction, which can be attributed to the decomposition of non-crystalline cellulose, accompanied by a decrease in residue from 10.1% to 5.6%. With prolonged liquefaction for 120 min, all peaks became weak from the loss of crystalline regions in cellulose. The peaks at 576 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1 also became gradually weaker. However, the residue after liquefaction at 180 °C is presented in Fig. 5(C). Almost all chemical components were decomposed with 60 min of liquefaction, which is quicker than at 170 °C. The peak at 1055 cm-1 was obvious after 60 min, and caused by the polymerization of liquefied products at a higher temperature and the formation of residue. Thus, the residue content increased from 60 min to 120 min of liquefaction.
The solid-state 13C NMR spectra of oil palm trunk and its residues from different liquefaction temperatures for 30 min are shown in Fig. 6. For the oil palm raw material, the main peak at 73.5 is related to C2, C3, and C5 carbons in the pyranose ring. The signals at 63.1 ppm and 85.5 ppm demonstrate C6 and C4 carbons in non-crystalline regions, respectively, while signals in the range from 102.5 ppm to 106.6 ppm are attributed to C1 reflect a combination of α and β C1 carbons in starch and cellulose, respectively (Wi et al. 2015). The C6 carbon in crystalline cellulose can usually be detected at 66.2 ppm, but the peak for oil palm raw material is very weak. However, this peak can be clearly seen after liquefaction at 140 °C. Similarly, the C1 carbon of crystalline regions was observed at 106.6 ppm because of loss of α form of C1 carbon in starch (102.5 ppm), which gives lower position of signal than the β form of cellulose (Chen et al. 2005). The C4 carbon of crystalline region that was detected at 90.1 ppm appeared clearly after liquefaction. In contrast, the C6 carbon of the non-crystalline region (-CH2OH) at 63.1 had continuously decreasing signal when the liquefaction temperature increased from 130 to 180 °C. The signals that indicate the crystalline region were at 66.2 ppm (C6), 90.1 (C4) ppm, and 106.6 ppm (C1), and remained weak with 180 °C for 30 min treatment. Therefore, most amorphous carbohydrates (hemicellulose and starch as well as amorphous regions of cellulose) were degraded by liquefaction at 140 °C for 30 min. The crystalline regions were mostly destroyed the higher 180 °C temperature by 30 min reaction time, a fact also confirmed by the XRD analysis.
The chemical components in oil palm trunk were liquefied at various temperatures because of their different crystallinities, with crystalline structures remaining in the residues. The X-ray diffractograms of oil palm trunk and residues obtained by processing at 130 °C to 180 °C for 30 min are presented in Fig. 7 (A). For oil palm the typical peaks at 2θ values 15.2 ° and 22.8 ° are attributed to the (110) and (002) crystallographic planes, respectively, indicate the crystalline structures in cellulose I. When increasing reaction temperature from 130 °C to 170 °C, the peaks at 2θ = 22.8 ° became narrower and sharper, indicating relative increase of intensities for the (002) crystallographic plane. The corresponding crystallinity indexes were 51.7%, 74.0%, 73.0%, 75.5%, and 78.4%, respectively, much higher than the 21.1% of oil palm. This may be due to the selective decomposition amorphous structures, especially in amylose. Furthermore, the conversation of the amorphous zones to crystalline can occur (Atichokudomchai et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2014). Much of the crystalline regions were destroyed within 30 min at 180 °C according to the peak at (002) (2θ = 22.8°) with relatively low intensity. The degradation of crystalline regions was promoted by the organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, and levulinic acid, from the degradation of chemical components during liquefaction at a high temperature (Yamada and Ono 2001; Rezzoug and Capart 2002). The one sharp and strong peak at 2θ around 25.4° was accompanied by other smaller peaks at higher 2θ obvious in the X-ray diffractogram of residue from liquefaction at 180 °C. These peaks are related to crystalline silica, which is the main component in ash from oil palm trunks (Saka et al. 2008).
The X-ray diffractograms of residue from the liquefaction for different times from 30 min to 120 min at 170 °C are presented in Fig. 7 (B). Compared with the oil palm, the residues exhibited completely different patterns. When the liquefaction time increased, the peak at 2θ = 22.8° first became sharper and then gradually smaller because of the decomposition of cellulose, leading to a decrease in crystallinity index from 78.4% to 35.7%. Weaker and broader peaks were obvious after liquefaction for 90 min. The peak at 2θ = 15.2° gradually weakened and disappeared after 90 min and 120 min, indicating that the crystalline regions in cellulose were almost destroyed. These results agree well with the earlier discussed FITR and NMR results.
The oil palm trunk consists mainly of carbohydrate polymers, and especially the inner zone of the top part is rich in starch, which is suitable for use as raw material for liquefaction.
The residue amount of liquefaction is reduced with decreasing the liquor ratio and increasing the liquefaction temperature. Within the initial 30 min of liquefaction, the degradation of most amorphous carbohydrates, such as hemicellulose and starch as well as amorphous regions of cellulose, was completed even at the low 140 °C temperature. By contrast, the crystalline regions were mostly destroyed at the higher 180 °C temperature. The residue amount increased after 60 min of liquefaction at 180 °C, mainly due to the re-condensation of liquefied products.
Based on the least amount of residue, the liquor ratio of 1/3, liquefaction temperature of 180 °C, and reaction time of 30 min are recommended as the optimized condition of the inner zone of top parts of oil palm trunk with PEG 400/glycerol (4:1, w/w) under 2% sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
The authors are grateful for the support of "The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (Grant No. 2018ZY02).
GB/T 744 (1989). "Pulps – Determination of α-cellulose," Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, China.
GB/T 2677.10 (1995). "Fibrous material – Determination of holocellulose," Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, China.
GB/T 742 (2008). "Fibrous raw material, pulp, paper and board – Determination ash," Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, China.
GB/T 10337 (2008). "Pulps-determination of alcohol-benzene solubles," Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, China.
Office of Agricultural Economics (2017). "Agricultural statistics of Thailand 2016," Bangkok, Thailand. p. 35.
Saka, S., Munusamy, M. V., Shibata, M., Tono, Y., and Miyafuji, H. (2008). "Chemical constituents of the different anatomical parts of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) for their sustainable utilization," in: Seminar Proceedings, Natural Resources and Energy Environment, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 19-34.
Tomimura, Y. (1992). "Chemical characteristics of oil palm trunk," Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 362, 133-42.
Article submitted: December 2, 2018; Peer review completed: January 19, 2019; Revised version received: February 1, 2019; Accepted: February 7, 2019; Published: February 15, 2019.


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Home News Content Blog Blog Items Extremism In Lebanon The speech Remarks delivered by Culture Minister Tarek Mitri at the Annapolis conference
The speech Remarks delivered by Culture Minister Tarek Mitri at the Annapolis conference
Written by Tarek Mitri
Tarek Mitri
First person by Tarek Mitri
By Tarek Mitri
We have come to Annapolis to affirm Lebanon's adherence to the unanimously approved stance of the Ministerial Committee of the Arab peace initiative. We have joined this important international gathering to express, once again, our solidarity with the Palestinian people. We are here to renew our commitment to a comprehensive and just solution that will secure the establishment of a sovereign, independent and viable Palestinian state, with Jerusalem as its capital and the withdrawal of Israel from all Arab territories occupied in 1967. We thank our host, the United States of America, for convening this meeting in order to mobilize efforts to earnestly achieve meaningful progress toward a comprehensive and lasting peace in the Middle East.
To be sure, such progress is dependent on the follow-up of this meeting, including the adoption of a timeframe for subsequent steps, as well as a monitoring mechanism to guarantee that what is agreed upon is implemented on the known terms of reference of the peace process: those of the Security Council resolutions, 242, 338, 1397, and all relevant resolutions, the Madrid peace conference, the Arab peace initiative and the road map.
Lebanon's adoption of the Beirut 2002 Arab peace initiative has been a matter of broad national consensus. We see in it an affirmation of a strategic option for a historical comprehensive compromise in accordance with international legality. It is also an affirmation of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. A solution to the Palestinian problem cannot ignore the right of the Palestinian refugees to return to their homes. It has to be just and in conformity with the UN Resolution 194.
Lebanon rejects the permanent resettlement of Palestinian refugees on its territory. This is a question of national consensus which is stipulated in its Constitution, as it pertains to the very fabric and the specific identity of Lebanon. Moreover, the Arab peace initiative supports Lebanon's position by rejecting all forms of Palestinian resettlement which conflict with the special circumstances of Arab host countries.
In addition, there are issues of vital concern for Lebanon, whose people have suffered seven most damaging Israeli invasions in the last three decades, and continues to bear, in every respect, their costly consequences. These issues are: the end of the Israeli occupation of the Shebaa Farms and Kfar Shuba Hills and the northern part of the village of Ghajar, the release of the prisoners and detainees, providing the maps of land mines and cluster bombs, putting an end to the Israeli violations of Lebanese sovereignty by air, land and sea, and the infringement on the sovereign right of Lebanon to make use of its water resources. These questions must not be a subject of negotiations for their solutions are governed by the relevant UNSC resolutions, more particularly Resolution 1701. The international community is called upon to secure the full implementation of this resolution and its provision for a permanent cease-fire.
On a final note, it is needless to say that neither security nor stability can be based on force. It is also needless to repeat that occupation and legitimate sentiments of injustice exacerbate anger and lead to more violence. They point to the root causes of the central and longest conflict in our region. Partial and unilateral initiatives have all but failed. It is time for the international community not to let urgent and immediate problems overshadow the need for a just and comprehensive solution. Only such solution would be a durable one. Then, they will beat their swords into plowshares (Isaiah 2: 4).
Australia fires: US crew dead in firefighting plane crash


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Human Rights (Ontario) Law
(01 March 2019)
Chapter 6 - General Exceptions
Affirmative Action Programs
(b) Designation as a Special Program
Separate Schools
This brief chapter addresses general Code exceptions that apply broadly across most or all 'activity' areas, and most or all 'grounds' of discrimination. Exceptions which are conditioned more specifically by particular 'activities' [Ch.2: "Protected Activities"] or 'grounds' [Ch.3: "Prohibited Grounds"] are discussed in those chapters in relation to each activity or ground.
Note that the functional effect of an 'exception' is simply to allow the excepted discrimination to be legal, it does not diminish the fact that it may otherwise satisfy the legal definition of "discrimination" as discussed in Ch.4: "Discrimination".
2. Affirmative Action Programs
Like s.15(2) of the Charter, the Code excepts affirmative action programs, or programs designed to [Code s.14(1)]:
"relieve hardship or economic disadvantage";
"assist disadvantaged persons or groups to achieve or attempt to achieve equal opportunity"; or
"that is likely to contribute to the elimination of the infringement of rights under Part I."
Note most significantly that only the last of these affirmative action program types is directly tied to the Code's specific prohibited grounds of discrimination [as set out in Ch.3]. Of the others, the first could easily be satisfied by a broad-based poverty reduction initiative, and the second by a temporary financial bail-out programs for a market sector in down-turn.
That said, as a practical matter affirmative action programs are generally targetted at groups manifesting one or more of the Code enumerated grounds of discrimination.
Much concern over the exempting potential to the Code of s.14(1) has been alleviated by widespread following of the doctrine established in Ontario (Human Rights Commission) v. Ontario (Ont CA, 1994) [the 'Roberts' case], which stated the following:
Section 14(1) has a dual purpose: the exemption of affirmative action programs from review and the promotion of substantive equality. The Divisional Court erred in law in construing s. 14(1) as having as its only purpose the exemption of special programs from the application of the Code. Where a person whom a special program is designed to assist is discriminated against on an enumerated ground prohibited by the Code, s. 14(1) is to be construed as an interpretive aid aimed at promoting substantive equality. Programs aimed at promoting substantive equality are reviewable depending on the context in which the challenge is brought. The exemptive purpose of s. 14(1) is not invoked in this appeal.
In order to clarify the status of a program under the Code, a person may apply for a designation of a program as a 'special program' [Code s.14(2)]. Such a designation may be granted, with or without conditions requiring specified modifications [Code s.14(3)]. As well, the Commission may initiate its own inquiry as to whether a program is a 'special program', and so designate it if the s.14(1) criteria are met [Code s.14(4,5)].
Note however that programs initiated by the Crown (Ontario) or agents of the Crown are not subject to these designation procedures [Code s.14(9)]. This does not mean that no government program can be a "special program", just that government programs can not avail themselves of the 'pre-'designation provisions.
Regardless of which process is used to achieve a designation, it expires at a date specified by the Commission or at five years, whichever is earlier [Code s.14(6)], and a renewal may be sought before it expires [Code s.14(7)].
Absent evidence to the contrary, the granting or refusal of a designation of a program as a 'special program' is conclusive evidence of it's status, one way or the other [Code s.14(8)].
Of course, in the absence of any designation proceedings the Tribunal may still make a finding that a program is or is not a 'special program' if this defence is advanced by a respondent [Code s.14(10)].
3. Separate Schools
The right to separate (Catholic) schools in Ontario is entrenched in the Canadian Constitution, so it cannot be limited or hindered by provincial enactment (such as the Code).
This is made plain by a general Code exception for separate schools [Code s.19]:
s.19(1)
This Act shall not be construed to adversely affect any right or privilege respecting separate schools enjoyed by separate school boards or their supporters under the Constitution Act, 1867 and the Education Act.
Essentially this means that the existence of the separate school system, and aspects of it close to its historical mandate, will not be found to be discriminatory on the basis of creed, or otherwise.


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