ICAST 2018 is in the books and new products, as well as new revisions were in full force. Some companies seemingly came out of nowhere while other mainstays continued their winning ways. Below you'll find a lot of the things I really liked at the show. More in depths write-ups are in the works but I wanted to get you some quick pictures and thoughts on why I stopped to take a picture and learn more about these products.
First on the list is one of two Yak-Power products that is coming out late this year. This is a picture of the new switching app for the new 8 channel unit. Instead of needing a switch installed, you can just use your phone. It's iOS and Android capable which makes it work for just about anyone. It's also important to note that all Yak-Power products are backward compatible so if you installed the new box, you can run all your lights, electronics, and other gear you have hooked up from your phone without having to buy all new accessories.
The second item from Yak-Power is this modular, switched, 360 degree light that comes with a USB action camera charging base included. You can change the arrangement of the different sections of the pole to make your camera or light higher or lower along the pole and it's all working off of a switch. No longer do you need to crawl to the back of your kayak or paddle to the bank o turn your lights on or off. It'll also be nice to not have to mess with bulky battery packs all day for camera power.
Jackson Kayak showed us the new E-Drive at ICAST 2018. Dropping in where the FD goes, this will add a long-range option to those Jackson FD owners and another option for looking at when trying to decide on a motorized kayak.
The first of two new companies offering electronics mounts, this is the new fishfinder mount from Railblaza.
YakAttack also brought a new electronics mount to the party. This new Omega style fishfinder mount will have options for almost all your brands and sizes.
If you are a bay flats kind of angler, this may get you a little excited. This is the Skanu from East Cape. It's a poling skiff that is built in the size and weight of a kayak. At 12'6″ it weighs as little as 80 pounds depending on rigging, has a casting deck, electronics dashboard, poling platform, and is ready to go for an engine, crate, whatever you need. They come in at $3600. Lots more on the Skanu later this week.
Need an inflatable paddleboard or kayak for a trip that you have to fly into? NRS has you covered with their STAR line of inflatables. Lightweight, packable, and airline compliant. That bad boy on top comes ready with four of the new YakAttack Switch Plates which I'll show you later.
Jackson reworked their well known Big Rig. Not only did they put it into an HD styling with lots of cool options but they also Made it in an FD. Pedals on a super stable platform? Yep. I dig some of the layout changes on this one too.
Only a week before ICAST 2018 Bonafide announced they'd be showing the new RS117, a $999 priced option. This is by far the best seat on a sub $1K boat and the layout is pretty slick including a paddle park built into the front well cover which is NOT the typical mesh offering. It's closer to the material used in submersible bags like the YETI Panga. I also like the new colorway for the RS117, Easy Rider Aqua, seen above.
For the duck and deer hunters out there, this new Woodsman Edition Bonafide SS127 may catch your fancy. That OD green, camo reed pattern and wood look deck matting will keep you pretty stealth in the backwaters. Add a little bit of orange bungee to it and you're set!
The 2019 Hobie Pro Angler will include the new Hobie Guardian. It's a transduscer shield that is deployable and also has a built-in retraction to prevent hang-ups. Let the bungees push the transducer back in or use the included lever to pull it up for launch or landings.
The fit and finish on the NuCanoe Pivot Drive have improved a lot over the last year from the H2ProPed drive. Molded coverings, a reworked deployment/rudder mechanism, and just the overall look is a big leap. Look for a lot more Pivot Drives on the market after the release date.
The award-winning Shimano Curado DC. I got a chance to get about an hour of time with the CDC and it's legit. I'll have a lot more coverage in the next couple of weeks on it including a full review.
The Seigler MF Fly reel was a new foray into the fly market for Seigler and they made a big splash. You would think that they'd been making fly gear for years. A great edition to the reel choices for fly anglers.
The Jackall Chop Cut has a pretty mean prop on its front coupled with a wire tie connection and a larger profile than a lot of other prop baits on the market.
The Jackall Riser (available in 7 and 9) is a weird freaking bait. It has a tail prop and that top loaded lip makes it jump out of the water when retrieved and jerked. Looking forward to trying this one simply to see if I can make it jump.
I covered the release of the Hollow Body Craw from LIVETARGET not long ago. I saw it in person and it's ridiculous. The hollow body is pretty soft so I don't expect quick drops from fish because it feels too unnatural. The color options are a bit mindnumbing though.
The SlingBladeZ spinnerbait from Z-Man is everything it advertises. The detail is remarkable and the weights and blades options should find a fit for a lot of different situations.
NRS upped their PFD game at ICAST 2018. The Raku is a new thin backed PFD that is vented. For all those who avoided some of the other fishing PFDs from NRS because of the high pillow back cushion, here is your newest option.
The second PFD addition from NRS that is a long sought-after addition is the manual and auto-inflatable PFDs. When the PFD inflates, it doesn't bust a zipped or bladder. It inflates the covering. What this means is it's much lighter and less bulky than other options. I love the reflective striping on the interior so if you need to be found or seen, it's much easier.
Hey ladies! NRS added the Shenook to their lineup this year. With molding and foam sheets that fit the contours of your torso better than traditional PFDs with all the features of the Chinook built in, NRS understands female anglers want all the options the guys have been getting for years but with a better fit for them. This is it!
Yak Gear is launching a new keel protection product on the market that is said to solve a lot of the problems with other products. No more oven mitt installs or the stick and replace options. Excited to see this after a month or two of abuse.
Of all the new gear that YakAttack is coming out with this year, the Switch may be my favorite. You know all those four screw, bulky block rod holder bases that exist on the market and come standard on a ton of entry-level kayaks? Yeah, the Switch replaces that and the holes line up perfectly so no new screw holes. That ugly block just became a track in the most aesthetic and noninvasive way possible. Now almost everyone can use rail mounted accessories without major cutting, drilling, or replacements.
The YETI Panga 28 Backpack is a really cool option for waterproof backpack options. This is a new offering from YETI and I expect will be pretty popular with harsh environment fishing and a pretty decent option for bank stompers who fight their way through brambles, limbs, and wet wade.
I couldn't possibly list all the cool stuff I saw but this is a good overview. Look for reviews, walkthroughs and more in the coming weeks.


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Fritz Röll Signed Bronze Stehender Frauenakt (Standing Nude) c. 1900
Description: We offer a signed bronze statue of a woman by Fritz Röll with a lustrous patina and graceful contrapposto pose. It is 15 ¾" high by 4 ½" wide, including the dark marble cylindrical plinth and signed "Röll" in the bronze near the foot. Item #DA00152.
The artist's relative informed us that this piece was first shown at the Grosse Berliner Kunstausstellung" in 1902 under the title "Erblüht" and is mistitled in "Abage Encyclopedia Volume IV: Bronzes" by Harold Berman page 1071 no 4261 "Her Eminence."
Fritz Röll(1879 - 1956) was a painter and sculptor active in Germany. He studied at the arts school in Nuremberg and at the school of sculpture in Berlin. From 1911-14 he lived in the Villa Massimo in Rome. He participated in the 1936 Olympics Art Competitions in "Mixed Sculpturing." According to some accounts Adolf Hitler purchased a 4 foot tall marble figure, "the Sandal Binder", from Röll on the artist's 60th birthday. In 1943, Röll fled from Berlin due to the war and settled in rural central Germany.
Condition: There are two pumpkin seed-sized nicks in the marble pedestal at the top, the bronze is in fine condition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Beautiful 5 bedroom home in Valleywynds Subdivision. Walking distance to Hopewell Elementary School. Large yard with stone patio and pad with basketball hoop in backyard. 4 seasons room added in 2015. All new kitchen appliances in 2015. Don't miss out on this spacious home with almost 4000 square feet of living space, which includes a finished basement.


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Taxpayers Against Fraud Education Fund, The False Claims Act Legal Center (TAF)
Taxpayers Against Fraud Education Fund, The False Claims Act Legal Center (TAF) was established in 1986. It is a nonprofit public interest organization dedicated to combating fraud against the Federal Government through the promotion and use of the federal False Claims Act and its qui tam provisions.
TAF's mission is both activist and educational. TAF serves to:
Educate the general public, the legal community, government officials, the media, and other interested groups about the False Claims Act and its qui tam provisions;
Contribute to understanding of the Act's nature, workings, and critical importance to the public interest;
Defend against any attempts to repeal or weaken the Act;
Facilitate meritorious qui tam suits;
Advance public and government support for qui tam;
Document the public policy value and the intellectual and legal foundation of the Act, and its qui tam provisions.
Furthermore, TAF publishes the False Claims Act and Qui Tam Quarterly Review which provides an overview of case decisions, settlements, and other developments under the Act. TAF maintains a comprehensive FCA library, open to the public by appointment. Moreover, TAF has established an information network to assist counsel in their efforts to provide effective representation to qui tam plaintiffs. TAF also holds regular conferences for relators' counsel, and publishes reports about various aspects of the FCA.
Taxpayers Against Fraud Education Fund, The False Claims Act Legal Center (TAF) Website
Inside Taxpayers Against Fraud Education Fund, The False Claims Act Legal Center (TAF)


Can't wait for summer to come? Kick off your holiday with 'Zomerzin' (Summervibes). Zomerzin is part of the Riksja Travel brand and is created for everyone who wants to enjoy an unforgettable summer holiday in Europe far away from those overcrowded beaches and concrete hotel jungles. Zomerzin offers a premium selection of genuine and authentic holiday experiences. That's why Zomerzin is more than a brand. It's a lifestyle…and life is better in flip flops.
The lifestyle proposition is reflected in all components of the brand. The brand name for example is more than just a name. It expresses an emotion. The pay-off: 'Geef smaak aan je vakantie' (Spice up your holiday) links the brand name to a premium holiday experience. Together with the 'feelgood' holiday quotes, the 'Instagram like' imagery and the original content for posts and blogs we created an attractive and contemporary brand that will continue to surprise and inspire.
Together with our friends at Riksja Travel we created a 360º strategy to implement the brand proposition throughout all platforms and channels. We created the content strategy for all social media channels and blogs. In the next couple of months we will see the Zomerzin brand grow and evolve. The first results look very promising.
Assistant art director: Kim Antler. Photography by Rhyme & Reason, Fancy and Julia Robinson. Special thanks to Saskia, Sanne, Watze, Jolanda and Susan of Riksja Travel.


I've come to acknowledge I have an unhealthy relationship with competitiveness. It lives inside of me, waiting to jump out of my shoulder and be hideous to people or show off and maraud around like an ape on steroids.
I've become the patient, hippyish parent of this hyper, pulsing alter-ego. My body is its Steiner School. It's treated with love and its bad behaviour is ignored.
I use distractions to lure it from evil. I praise it when it is contributing to positive outcomes that make the whole class feel good.
For clarity and cake hunting sanity, the interior cafe & cake shots are taken at Pentland Plants Ltd.
I love the first hour of full light on a summer morning.
It seems a secret time when anything is possible; when birds are busy and a handful of people quietly share the world with more space and air between than is normal.
I wish I could stop the clock and sit holding a mug of coffee at my chin, knees pulled into my chest. I like staring through a window, waking slowly as the gears of the day slot one into the other, pulling tiny seconds methodically away from night.


Last month, in addition to making chili and cornbread from scratch, we've learn how to turn the chili into a salad, with lettuce, tomato, onion, guacamole, and chipotle ranch dressing. For dessert, we've worked on how to do an apple taste test, with a banana nut dip!
What's Cooking in Westport is on the 1st Tues each month (10am-1pm) at the Free Methodist Church! Learn new skills, take home food. Childcare is available.


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Q: Different input different step response, so which one? I have a system (mobile robot to be more precise) which process input is voltage and output is distance traveled. And, I am doing PID tuning by using tuning rules, which requires step response of the system.
I realize that the step responses of 12V as input and 5V as input have different time constants and lags. In short, they produce different step response. So, which step response is the one I should take for my PID tuning?
Step responses of different PWM values
Normalized step responses

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Winemaker
Blends and Old World
ZINFANDEL FAQ
PETITE SIRAH FAQ
Bedrock Vineyard
Situated in the heart of Sonoma Valley. Bedrock Vineyard traces back to the Civil War era, was replanted in the 1880's under the ownership of Senator George Hearst. It came under new ownership in the 2000's. Father and son Joel and Morgan Peterson took over what had been known as the Madrone Ranch, renamed it Bedrock, and began to restore it to its former glory. Several top Zinfandel winemakers were invited to share fruit from the various blocks on this sizeable ranch that includes not only old Zinfandel vines, but Carignane, Alicante, Petite Sirah, Mataro and other varieties that the old winemakers loved to plant together in a field blending system called "mixed blacks."
Vineyard Location Map
Purchase Wine
Limerick Lane
Historic Limerick Lane Vineyard is located near Healdsburg at the northeast corner of the cool Russian River AVA. This vineyard was first planted in 1910. Today, the estate vineyard is comprised of historic vines as well as newer plantings and is owned by longtime grape grower and Biale fan Jake Bilbro. Jake is producing wines under the updated Limerick Lane label and is sharing small amounts of his prized fruit with only top producers like Robert Biale Vineyards.
Monte Rosso Vineyard
Huge, twisting, gnarled, mountain-rooted Zinfandel vines with a view of Sonoma Valley, San Francisco, and the Bay Area. Thriving plants that produce thrilling wines since their origins in the 1880s. Even the most jaded wine veterans are struck with awe upon seeing the great Monte Rosso Vineyard. At an average of about 1500 ft. elevation, with its reddish volcanic soils filled with rock and iron, Monte Rosso speaks clearly and firmly as to its sense of place. Sometimes wine newbies wonder what all the fuss is about in red wines, but this is one of those examples of fine red so filled with tantalizing character that you can't help but sit back, sip slowly, and ponder the power of the site.
Pagani Ranch
Dino Amantite and his mother Norma Pagani Amantite are the devoted caretakers of this iconic and hallowed ground in Sonoma at Dunbar Road and Highway 12 that has been in their family for over a century.
Planted originally in the 1880's then added to in the 1920's by Felice Pagani, most of the original vines still produce beautiful fruit. Much of it is field-blended: Zinfandel, Alicante, Lenoir, Petite Sirah, Grand Noir and numerous others -like a big old vine salad of many heritage varieties, if you will.
Valsecchi Vineyard
One of Biale's little gems. A small inconspicuous site just outside the town of Sonoma. This vineyard lies just within the northern boundary of the Carneros Appellation which makes it very rare indeed – one of only a few Zinfandels and certainly the oldest existing vineyard within this AVA (American Viticultural Appellation). The Valsecchi Vineyard is named for John Valsecchi , who after a life of dairy work, retired to farm the old Zinfandel vineyard he had purchased that was planted around 1900. Under the loving care of Valsecchi's grandson, Ron Mick, the vineyard has survived with its ton or two of grapes going to Biale since 1995. Hidden behind a farmhouse, one would never notice this patch of twisting and weathered old vines.
© Copyright 2016 Robert Biale Vineyards
Privacy Policy | Security Information | Trade | Mailing List | Contact Us | Log into My Account
4038 Big Ranch Road, Napa, California 94558 | Phone: 707.257.7555


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Racial Diversity's Impact on San Diego Politics - Voice of San Diego
Racial Diversity's Impact on San Diego Politics
As San Diego's racial makeup becomes increasingly diverse, will
it spur changes in political power?
Keegan Kyle
San Diego's becoming more racially diverse. But that diversity's predominantly in the younger population, not in the groups that maintain political power.
Fewer than 30 percent of San Diegans under age 18 identified themselves as white and not Latino in the 2010 Census while more than half of San Diegans over age 45 did, according to a voiceofsandiego.org analysis of census data.
That gap signals why San Diego will become even more diverse as its youngest residents age, have children and become the city's elders. But it also shows how the racial divide between the youngest and those in political power has widened. While fewer white people now live in San Diego, white politicians still dominate its political representation.
All of San Diego's congressional delegation is white. San Diego's mayor is white, as are the four major candidates vying to succeed him. Though the census showed most San Diego residents aren't white, nearly all of its school, city, county and state representatives are. (Find out who represents you here.)
The contrast is also stark in the judicial system, where the decisions made by mostly white, older people can have considerable impacts on the lives of mostly non-white, younger people. About 77 percent of San Diego County's 130 judges are white, according to the most recent tally by the courts. All of the city's top law enforcement officials are white, too.
The gap between race and political power gained attention this year as various levels of government redrew their political boundaries. Advocates for Latinos, Asians and African Americans pushed for greater segregation — districts including higher concentrations of people of the same race.
And they succeeded in at least two battles. The city added a predominantly Latino council district stretching from College Area to Southcrest. The county shifted the boundaries of its southernmost district to encompass more racial minorities. In both, the number of white residents will be outnumbered by other residents.
Advocates said the new boundaries would provide racial minorities a greater voice in civic affairs. But whether that comes true remains to be seen in next summer's elections and years after. Today, white politicians still dominate the city's political seats of power.
This story is part of an occasional series on the 2010 Census and San Diego's shifting communities. We've previously noted the decline of black residents in historically black neighborhoods, gentrification near downtown San Diego and some important distinctions between race and ethnicity.
What should we write about next? Send me an email or leave a comment below about the communities or population changes that you find the most interesting.
Keegan Kyle is a news reporter for voiceofsandiego.org. He writes about public safety and handles the Fact Check Blog.
Please contact him directly at keegan.kyle@voiceofsandiego.org or 619.550.5668. You can also find him on Twitter (@keegankyle) and Facebook.
Follow @keegankyle
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More in Census 2010
Audio: The Changing City Discussion
More Asians Than Expected in North SD
Just How Empty Are Mission Valley's Homes?
County Officials Dig in to Keep COVID-19 Info Private
Sara Libby and Jared Whitlock
We're Suing for COVID-19 Data
Scott Lewis and Jesse Marx
San Diego Explained: Psssssst. It's OK if You're Not Sure What a County Supervisor Does
Adriana Heldiz
The County's Sitting on Thousands of Doses of Naloxone
Kinsee Morlan


It's Sept 21st in India and it's Kareena Kapoor birthday. She turns a gracious 32-years of age today and has probably been memorable birth day for her as her biggest film till date, Heroine released today and dazzled on the screens, garnering much hype and critics ratings.
Here's wishing her many more years to come and many more films, allowing her to shine even more. What's your favourite Kareena Kapoor film?
I still can't get over the chatterbox, Geet from Jab We Met.
Saw Heroine and this girl is so brave for playing such a bold, daring, and complex role. Especially something that has lesbianism. I can't see any other actress having the guts to play that. Her acting was the life of the film. She is a true superstar. She is the hero of her film. Congrats to her and Happy Birthday!
Happy belated birthday.....Just finished watching Heroine.....Kareena did a FAB job of playing a very complex character....It was very brave of her (at this stage and being a superstar in India) to play a character with lesbo shades. Hope, she will continue to take more challenging roles....Please take note, Sonam/Sonakshi/Deepika/.... specially KATRINA!
happy birthday most praised heroine of the year!
Kareena is gorgeous and a talented actress. She has come a long way. So proud of her. She's so true to herself and has a good image. I hope her marriage continues to blossom her life. Happy Birthday Kareena!
Happy Birthday Kareena Kapoor!! Have a lovely day and special regards of the day!!
Happy Birthday pyaari Bebo. I've watched her grow into a mature and beautiful woman. She is fortunate to have a loving man, a great career, great genes, and a wonderful life. May you be blessed with more you beautiful rani!
I think she's the most gorgeous actress in Bollywood right now. She's so naturally flawfree and glowy and happy. I give Saif the credit for balancing her out and keeping her so happy. Happy birthday Kareena! Hope Heroine makes bank!!!!
Wish you a happiest birthday and all the success in every walk of your life.
You are a real life heroine and are admired by billions of young women all over the world.
Why some moron runs over kareena's age ? she is a promising star kid. And 1980 is her real Birth year.
i just luv u kareena.u r such a sweetheart my frnds my family all lyk u bcz u r d best.really u r most desirable women i personally fee.wsh u happy birthaday.luv u bebo.i m jst mad bcz of ur beautiful face nd dat dying flawless skin.u r dream of any boy.
Seriously you adore her and you made this for her birthday? I thought you must be creative like her.Now start making something unique for her next birthday which is going to be special since it's after her wedding.
i wish this year brings you all d happiness due to you..and the movie heroine takes you to the zenith...it turns out to be a blockbuster..
Happy Birthday bebo!!!! watched Heroine yesterday..All I have to say is you deserve the best actress award for this year!!! love from Dubai!!!!
Will shine upon u. This movie heroine will cross 100cr.
God in heaven will continue to favour u.
To be success in your career and ur marriage.
To be a successful actress, mother, wife, frd.
I luv all the actors and actresses.
Happy Birthday Bebo! You are the best!
I'm waiting for That Daily Girl to come here all mad and angry.
happy birthday kareena. please dont quit movie a we like to see more and more.
you were aweome and amazing in heroine no doubt this year all the awards goes to you only.
Happy birthday Bebo!!!! best actress of this generation!!!!
All the best for your wedding. Lotsa love.
aww so many people love her - I love the collage pvboy did - she is so blessed and may she always remain so.
HAPPY BDAY TO THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND TALENTED GIRL IN THE WORLD!!
any thing related to BEBO is special so is your video :D well done!!!
Happy Birthday Kareena! You were SUPERB in Heroine! You are heroine #1.
Ranbir got the acting talent in him, poor cousin Kareena just got a loud mouth.
can anyone do a post on kareena kapoor-- about how she met saif and her further life?
happy birthday bebo. you are the BEST.
Her real birthday is Sept 21, 1977, birth year could be 1978. She is around the same age as Rani. Before she started films she went to Havard for 3 months and then went to college in India for a short time after that she joined films. I could be wrong. Her imdb. page used to say sept 21 1977.
Awww happy birthday to my bebo. So hope & wish this is your best birthday. Can't wait for the big day. less thn a month to go for the big btown wedding :D Keep rocking. Love love love. Heroine all the way.
Thu, 2012-09-20 14:48 — That Girl Daily Wow you are incredible...you HAD to pass a snide remark even when wishing her for her birthday ... smh!
Happy Birthday to Bday girl!!!!
Happy Birthday BEBO!!!! Wish U all the best for HEROINE!!!
Kareena, Malaika & Amrita enjoy Sunday brunch!


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The portal of the city
Home | Local News | Contacts
Discover the area
Art, culture, entertainment
Shore Excursions & Transfers
The Baths of Traiano
Madonnina di Pantano
Tourist Port of Riva di Traiano
Info for travellers
Citizens utility
Companies and shops
The city, the towns that are situated around Civitavecchia form the territory which, as a whole, is qualified to be part of a real tourist itinerary; if, in fact, one has a change to visit the area, it is clear that this area is full of the most varied elements, all of which are of interest to tourism in general (art, history, culture, archeology, nature, entertainment, attractions, etc.). In summary, we can trace a general picture starting from the coastal towns that extend to the south of Civitavecchia.
Starting from the town that is furthest away - Cervetri, it may be affirmed that is town, whose extraordinary fame is mainly attributable to its great importance as an Etruscan city which dates back to the XIII century BC when it was called "Caere"; but there is another aspect of this beautiful town that deserves mention and that is its extraordinary geographical position, since it rises close to the sea and next to the Lake of Bracciano (downstream).
Continuing along the Via Aurelia towards Civitavecchia, one can stop and visit the enchanting Santa Severa, a town famous mainly for the splendid medieval castle that faces the sea and the numerous archeological treasures that refer mainly to the ruins of Pyrgi (one of the main Etruscan ports of Caere), situated near the castle itself: at the same time, there are also a variety of facilities for those that love the sea, beaches and the night life.
Leaving behind Santa Severa and proceeding along the Via Aurelia in the same direction, just before Civitavecchia there coastal town of Santa Marinella opens out; this town today mainly aims at tourism, not only because of the numerous archeological findings from all ages, but also for the highly equipped summer establishments which line the coast.
Continuing further down to Civitavecchia where, following the via Terme di Traiano in the direction that leads to the highway turnoff for Grossetto, it is possible to visit the famous Tolfa mountains, formed by hills that reach 638 meters above sea level and are bounded off by the Mignone river; these hills, which are also a famous natural park, are of notable naturalistic interest, characterized by their extraordinary and still uncontaminated nature, and archeological interest, due to the presence of numerous Etruscan necropolis; from here one reaches the top of the hill and can finally visit the extraordinary town of Tolfa, rich in traditions, some of which are the expression of an ancient culture that dates back to the Middle Ages like, on the other hand, all the architecture in this place.
Taking the Aurelia route again, after about 10 kilometers in the direction of Grosseto, one comes to the famous Tarquinia; it could be said that this is the Etruscan town by excellence, rich in history, culture and archeological treasures of the Etruscan people of which, to this date, very little is known; but Tarquinia is not only this; it in fact presents itself as an ideal Summer location, since its beach is characterized by bathing facilities that are capable of ensuring that a tourist's stay is truly pleasant.
Cerveteri is located close to the Tyrrhenian coast, to the north of Rome, at the foot of the Ceriti mountains, overhanging a tuff spur.
There are signs of its existence which date back to the VIII Century BC. It quickly became an important Etruscan town with detriment to Tarquinia.
The Greeks established exchange relationships and promoted the development of local artisan techniques.
The progress bought about commercial and business organization that was favored by the ports of Alsium (Palo), Pirgy (Santa Severa), Panicum (Santa Marinella).
The period during which Caere flourished the most is evidenced by the necropolis. In the year 350 BC the city finally fell under Rome.
The castle is the center of medieval Cerveteri and includes part of the Etruscan walls of the IV century BC. The castle was donated to the government by the Ruspali family to host the national museum of Cerveteri, here the burial garments of the tombs are displayed on two floors. In the Etruscan necropolis of Banditaccia there is evidence of how the funeral customs for those of Cerveteri changed through the centuries (VII-I BC), from cremation to burying bodies in underground in well-like tombs, graves and then rooms.
Outside the fenced visiting area there are: the burial place for the Chairs and Shields with carved tones and shields, the tomb of the bedroom with a matrimonial burial cell dug into the wall, the tomb of the Tarquini with a memorial stone bearing their name, the tomb of the Triclinium, the tomb of the Sarcophagus, where seven sarcophaguses were found, the tomb of the painted Lions, the tomb of G. Moretti, and the tomb of the Ship.
Inside the fenced are there are cinerary urns, the first vault tomb and grave-mounds of the via Sepolcrale. The tomb of the Capitelli open up with a large vestibule where there are two pillars crowned with capitals (VI century BC). The most ancient burial place of the necropolis (dated in the VII century and called Tumulus II) contains 4 axial tombs, which include the tomb of the Shed and the tomb of the Greek Vases. Continuing down the via Sepolcrale one reaches the tomb of the Reliefs or Beautiful tomb (IV century BC): as evidenced by the inscription it belonged to the Matunas family. It consists in a single room with over thirty deposits and shows splendid reliefs in stucco and paint around the walls and on supporting pillars, which give an idea of Etruscan furnishings: knives, ladles, saddlebags, swords, helmets, household animals and objects. The tomb of the Frame (halfway through the VI century BC) is really worth a mention. An entire 'dado' tomb district of the V century BC shows a standard block structure with rectangular façade, corridor, vestibule and two rooms.
Nearby: Ladispoli (7 km), famous beach resort. Not far away there is Palo, where there is the turreted Odescalchi castle, immersed in splendid park which now days has been made into a faunistic oasis: a sighting tower in the XII century and a 'castro' in the XIV century, the building was transformed into a fortified noble castle when it became property of the Orsini.
Pope Lion X had the castle restored b y Giuliano Leno and Gianfrancesco da Sangallo, to look like a genteel place.
The castle then passed to the Odelscalchi who, with a few interventions, have conserved it until today. Nearby it is also possible to see some ruins of a Roman villa, decorated with mosaics of the III century: this is villa 'La Posta' of the eighteenth century.
Santa Severa
Just like, or even more so than Santa Marinella, Santa Severa is a location rich is history, culture and archeological discoveries, elements which, together with the beautiful sea and numerous tourist facilities that color the coastline, make it a pleasant place for a vacation for those who during the summer would like to have a relaxing and at the same time enjoyable vacation without leaving the province of Rome. One of the strong points of this town is most surely the splendid medieval castle that faces the sea.
it was built around the XI century as a defensive rampart of the coastline, near the ruins of Pyrgi, one of the main Etruscan ports of Caere (it should be noted that the Castle of Santa Severa and the archeological area of Pyrgi constitute one of the most important historic-archeological points of interest of the Tyrhennian coast), furthermore, the area that surrounds the castle appears to date back to at least the IV millenium BC.
Here there are some of the most varied facilities, also for those who love the beach, the sea, the night life. Santa Severa is only a few kilometers from Santa Marinella, going down the Aurelia in the direction of Rome.
Pyrgi and the Castle of Santa Severa
The history of this location dates back to the bronze age, a period in which it was possible to ascertain the existence of a small colony to the south of the castle, near the sea, which probable formed a point of reference for navigators at that time. In the VII century BC the favorable environmental conditions made it possible to build a fixed dock; during archaic times (VI century BC) Pyrgi, which was connected to Caere (Cerveteri) by a monumental road, was a commercial dock of primary importance, open to traffic from the entire Mediterranean basin. Along the outskirts of the town, there is a very ancient Sanctuary that spreads out for over 10 acres which is mentioned by various sources and includes the temples to Etruscan and Phoenician divinities. The three famous gold sheets inscribed in Etruscan and Punic, which are a direct testimony of the deep ties that existed between the Etruscans of Cerveteri and the Carthaginians at the end of the VI century, were found while digging in this Sanctuary. In the III century BC, with the Roman dominion over the territory of Cerite, Pyrgi became a sea colony, a great rectangular fortress built over part of the Etruscan built-up area. It continued to exist until late into the ancient period (V-VI century BC); during this period it was transformed into a large villa that became imperial property. The higher medieval period saw the development of the castle and village of Santa Severa (Pyrgian martyr of the III century BC). The "Norman" tower was built in the XI century and the castle in the XIV century. The village next to the castle houses the civic museum of Santa Severa.
Santa Marinella is today the result of the incessant work carried out by distant generations that date back to prehistoric times, work that has transformed the local scene and natural environment in the perpetual race to acquire and exploit resources: from the small settlements in the Neolithic age we have in fact, after various milleniums, come to the city plans of the Odescalchi which, at the beginning of the 1900s, gave birth to modern-day Santa Marinella.
This town, located just a few kilometers from Civitavecchia, following the Aurelia in the direction of Rome, is today mainly oriented on tourism, not only because of the numerous archeological findings from all ages, but also thanks to the well equipped summer bathing resorts and entertainment establishments that line the coast.
These locations are surely worth a visit because, even if not very lively during the winter season, they become a kaleidoscope of entertainment in the Summer. It could not be any other way, given the facilities and features that characterize Santa Marinella today, modeled after its most important asset - the sea.
At this point, it appears appropriate to provide some brief information on those that are the most important archeological sites, amongst the large number that dot the Santa Marinella area.
The Roman Villa of the Grottacce
At kilometer 58,200 of the Via Aurelia, between the road and the beach, there are the remains of the Roman Villa of the Grottacce, one of the classic Villae Maritimae of the coast. The extensive settlement includes a large fish and shell fish nursery (Pescheria) and a long dock which today is almost totally submerged. What remains of the villa are large structures that served as service rooms and for production activities, while the residential area above has been almost totally destroyed by sea erosion, atmospheric conditions and looting which took place over the centuries. The walls reveal a complicated building history that goes from the I century BC to the IV century BC.
The Roman Bridges of Santa Marinella
In the territory of Santa Marinella one finds the well preserved remains of numerous Roman bridges found on the route of the ancient via Aurelia, a famous link between Rome, the Etruscan coastline and Liguria, built in the III century BC along a previous Etruscan route. Particularly interesting and monumental are the bridge of Lake Impero (km 60,400 of the Via Aurelia) and the Bridge of Via Roma (km 60,700). The beautiful Bridge of the "Vignacce" (km 62,300) is today difficult to access. At km 59,700 of the Via Aurelia there is a very interesting inscribed stone commemorating the restoration of the Bridge of Apollo, ordered by the Emperors Settimio Severo and Caracolla: the remains of the bridge, partially uncovered during medieval and modern restoration, are preserved at the "Fosso di Castelsecco, between the Via Aurelia and the sea.
Punicum, the Villa of Ulpiano and the Odescalchi Castle
The promontory of Santa Marinella was once the site of the ancient Punicum, a settlement of Etruscan origin which was born by chance near a point where it was easy to land and protected from the wind and the sea. During Roman times, a luxurious seaside villa was built complete with port and fish farming (peschiere- fish pools) equipment purchased, maybe at the beginning of the III century BC, from the famous legal counselor Ulpiano. The most interesting remains of this villa (statues, mosaics, etc.) are dispersed in various museums and private collections, while numerous architectonic fragments and some sepulchral inscriptions are maintained in the gardens of the Odelscalchi castle and the surrounding villas. Around the XI century a small colony settled on this site, under the protection of the a high cylinder-like tower, with its place of worship dedicated to Saint Marinella and cared for by a community of Brazilian Monks. During the following centuries, through complex situations, the castle was built which absorbed the cylinder-link tower (XV century). In 1634, Pope Urban VIII began work to build a large port that would move part of Civitavecchia's traffic to Santa Marinella. The Odelscalchi castle, with its nearby village, has remained in control of the small underlying port and coastline until almost now days.
Castrum Movum
The town of Castrum Novum, which extended between Torre Chiaruccia and the Alibrandi hamlet (km 64 of the Via Aurelia), was a Roman seaside colony which in the year 264 BC was committed to defend the southern part of the territory of Cerite, probably repopulated in Caesarian times. There are numerous wall structures, marble or mosaic floors, tubs and colonnades of the Imperial phase, all of which prove that it existed, all these are discoveries made during the studies carried out over the last three centuries, which uncovered some very interesting finds amongst which a terminus of the veiled Aspasia, statues of emperors, a small statue of Baccus, and an exceptional discovery made in 1778 of a casket containing 122 gold coins that date back to the I and II centuries AC. Furthermore, numerous materials from the iron age (IX century BC) and the archaic Etruscan era document that the area was also frequented before the inference of the Roman colony. Lastly, at km 64,600, near the Guard moat there are some remains of thermal facilities and other structures relative to a Roman seaside villa, with a rectangular fish pool which today is almost totally submerged.
The Fish Pool of Punta della Vipera (Viper's point)
One of the most interesting and complete examples of a Roman fish pool, to be seen along the entire Tyrhennian coastline to the north of Rome, is surely the one found at km 66 of the via Aurelia, in the locality of Punta della Vipera. The facility, which was probably built around the end of the I century BC, is made up of various rectangular tubs, distributed around a large central circular basin that measures over 20 meters in diameter. The central tub still shows traces of the openings and plumbing system that distributed the waters into the farm and regulated the outflow. The fish pool was controlled by a seaside villa situated in the nearby hinterland which today, unfortunately, has been totally constructed.
The Etruscan Sanctuary of Punta della Vipera
A small, isolated, rural, Etruscan Sanctuary was found always in the locality of Punta della Vipera,. The Sanctuary was founded around the year 53 BC and underwent various reconstruction around the mid III and IV centuries BC. The Sanctuary was dedicated to Minerva. Around the half of the I century BC, this place of worship, which had been abandoned, was almost totally demolished in order to build a villa.
Tolfa presents a city plan which blends perfectly with the naturalistic features of the location and also respects the original configuration of a town which has existed since the Middle Ages.
The various Etruscan necropolis that have risen around the town are numerous and interesting; this goes to prove that there are human settlements around the Tolfa area that date back not only to the Etruscan era but to the Paleolithic era. The most thriving period for Tolfa was the higher Middle Ages; the numerous structures that date back to that time still, in fact, give it an appearance which surely evokes in its visitors a spirit of times gone bye.
"La Rocca"
On the hill it is possible to see the ruins of a castle that once belonged to the Frangipane brothers. In 1502, Agostino Chigi, the contractor of the alum mines, decided to dismantle the rock and transferred the pieces of artillery to Porto Ercole. On the hill there is a Sanctuary dedicated to Our Lady of the Sorrows 'SANTA MARIA DELLA PIETA', which has always represented for the citizens of Tolfa, a common sense of belonging and synthesis of their history.
The Palace of the Region
The "Baronale" palace is a primitive building, built between the walls and supported in part by an arch on the top of which one can admire the coat of arms. It was built around the year 1200 and was the seat from which all public power was exercised. The Governor had to live in this palace. The building was also known as "PALAZZO DELLA RAGIONE" (Palace of Reason).
S. Egidio
The church of Saint Egidio is situated inside the walls that surround the town and dates back to the XIV century.
This church, which is dedicated to Saint Egidio who is the Patron Saint of Tolfa, has undergone deep transformations during the years, compared to the original and surely much smaller structure.
The Church of the Capuchins
The church and nearby convent date back to the first half of the 1600's. The first improvements were made around 1730 by the guardian of the Capuchins, Father Alessio da Campine.
Inside the church, above the alter, there is a painting of the "Madonna di Cibona" (Our Lady of Cibona) (end of the 1400's, beginning of the 1500's), an original fresco that was detached from the back wall of the church with the same name. The cloister of the convent, with a well in the center made of local stones, is built along simple and elegant lines, in compliance with the rules of life of the Franciscans.
From the font square one views the historical center dominated by the rock and remains fascinated.
The ancient Municipal Building and Clock Tower The ancient municipal building was built in via Frangipane, outside the medieval walls, after alum was discovered and following the growth of the city.
Nearby one can see the Clock Tower which dates back to the year 1602 (as evidenced by the inscription carved on the marble), on the top there are, closed in a wrought iron cage, the bells that would beat away the daily lives of the old citizens of Tolfa.
The Fountain of Piazza Vecchia The fountain, built in Piazza Giacomo Matteotti (which has always been called "Piazza Vecchia"), was restored in the year 1888 in order to bring fresh drinking water to the people of Tolfa: for the occasion it was necessary to fit it with a tub and, in the center, a column with two water spouts.
The Church of Our Lady of the "Sughera" (or Cork-Tree) The church (Sanctuary) of Our Lady of the "Sughera" was built to enhance and complete the octagonal Chapel built in the early 1500's by Agostino Chigi in memory of a painting depicted on tablets, showing Our Lady with Child, that was miraculously found on All Saints day (1501) by two hunters from Tolfa. In the center of the Chapel one can admire the Tabernacle that holds both a copy of the painting (the original was stolen by the French in 1799) and the tree on which, by tradition, the sacred image is said to have been found.
After various structural changes, the church today appears with a central nave and six altars, three on each side.
Piazza Vittorio Veneto
This large town square (1920-30) has a long balustrade down one side, from which it is possible to admire the stupendous scenery: Starting from left one can admire the hill of the Rocca then, in the valley, it is possible to recognize the locations of the numerous necropolis, the Etruscan and Roman remains, the Castle of Rota and the ruins of the Monteranno Channel. To the end of the square there is the municipal building where, on the ground floor, there is the civic museum, rich with prestigious archeological findings.
Behind the palace there is the growing green garden of the Municipal Villa.
Palace with Tabernacle
At number 61 of Via Annibal Caro, it is possible to admire a building with a façade that has been refined by an aedicule that pictures the Virgin, with a broken ,curved, gable, columns and pillars with leafed capitals.
Above there is a royal crown: all of which in marked baroque style.
Buttaoni Palace
At number 30 of Via Roma there is the Buttaoni building with a façade that has no particular architectonic details: However, once through the gate, it is possible to admire a foyer with a courtyard, a niche-like frontal and a triple arched portico, dominated by a low covered terrace.
The palace is the seat of the municipal library.
Celli Palace In via Costa Alta it is possible to admire the Celli Palace which has a façade that is enhanced by a door with coat of arms and framed windows.
Inside the courtyard, in front of the entrance, one can see a large niche.
Panetti Palace
The Panetti palace is located in Annibal Caro, which houses some of the most important buildings that reflect a period of well-being, and the Panetti palace is proof of this.
The façade has a solemn doorway in ashler-work and is enhanced by large windows: the brick pavement in the main entrance is almost entirely original.
Historic mentions
The territory of the municipality of Tolfa is part of that strip of Etruscan Apennines that extend along the pre-Tyrhennian Lazio strip.
Geographically, the town is located 70 km to the North-West of Rome, the province in which it is located, and 20 km North-East of Civitavecchia. The territory of Tolfa has been involved in human settlements ever since back in the Neolithic age; findings in fact, date back to that era, as well as to the bronze age, the iron age, and the ProtoVillanova and Villanova age.
There is a marked presence of Etruscans, as evidenced by the numerous necropolis: these attest to the presence of various inhabited centers that were located, most probably, on three tuff highlands (Pian dei Santi (Plains of Saints), Pian della Conserva (Plains of Preserves), Pian Cisterna (Plains of the Cistern), furthermore, Etruscan tombs have been found in numerous other locations.
The Etruscan civilization was ousted by the Roman civilization which also left many traces. On the origins of the name "Tolfa" there are two possibilities: the name could derive from the root "TUL", of Etruscan origin, which meant to "raise" and therefore could indicate the altitude referred to its geographical location; or it could originate from the Lombard culture, present in that area from the end of the VI century, in whose onomatology the end sound of "ULFO" is frequently used. The inhabited area of Tolfa extended from the Rocca towards a much wider and definite boundary with the construction of churches with squares and all the facilities required for daily social life and expanding for the most part after the discovery of alum (1460-1462) by Giovanni da Castro.
Tolfa Mountains Natural Park
A few kilometers from Civitavecchia, there is Tolfa Mountains territory formed by a hilly mass that rises for 638 meters and is characterized by a morphology that varies from the different geological origin. The scenery is moved by numerous ranges mostly covered with coppice or extensive grazing land with wild Maremma cattle farms.
The suggestive towns of Tolfa and Allumiere are situated on the top of these ranges which formed following a series of volcanic eruptions in the Quaternary period. This geological information, apart from providing geological researches with a true "gymnasium" of very accessible studies, have for years been the treasure of these territories. Just think that Allumiere owes its origins and its name to alum, a mineral of world-wide interest during past centuries.
In the area visitors are also attracted by the many ruins of human settlements that go from the prehistoric to the medieval period; amongst these there are also numerous Etruscan remains such as the temple of "Gasceta dei Cavallieri", the necropolis of "Grottini" and the "Pian della Conserva".
Flora: one goes from the lentisk, arbutus berry, cork and holm-oak of the lower levels closer to the sea, to the beech, hornbeam and chestnut trees higher up.
Fauna: there are some species, such as the wildcat, the otter, the marten for the mammals and the royal kite amongst the birds, that are in danger of extinction; there is a notable presence however, of wolves, wild bore, various species of rodents, the royal owl and the red breasts.
Access routes: from Rome, highway A12 Rome-Civitavecchia, S. Severa exit, in the direction of Tolfa.
From Civitavecchia, proceed down the Via delle Terme di Traiano, in the direction of Tolfa.
Tarquinia is situated approximately ten kilometers from Civitavecchia, taking the Aurelia in the direction of Grosseto.
On the basis of its characteristics, this town may be observed from two aspects,: on the one side it presents itself like an ideal locality for the Summer (Lido of Tarquinia); in fact, even if it does not have a very prominent coastline, there are however some noteworthy bathing establishment that characterize the beaches of this town.
These facilities (bathing establishments, camping areas, discotheques, bars, disco-pubs, etc.), which are located on the promenade of Lido of Tarquinia, with their equipment and the innumerable activities they promote (beach-volley tournaments, surfboard rentals, canoeing, nighttime entertainment, etc), place themselves amongst the largest tourist attractions.
The second aspect which is important to emphasize is the enormous cultural and archeological validity which this location possesses: Tarquinia is known to all for its importance as an Etruscan city and for the numerous necropolis inside which are preserves some splendid examples of paintings.
The painted tombs are mostly found inside the necropolis of Montarozzi and are very important since, because of the numerous images which the ancient Etruscans painted on their walls, these have provided enthusiasts with the opportunity to obtain more in depth knowledge of the daily life, art and religious beliefs if these people.
But Tarquinia, with its towers, austere roman Churches, small homes that face alleys and its medieval monuments of notable importance, is also a city where art and medieval culture are deeply rooted.
Visit itinerary
Upon entering the town, one is in Piazza Cavour where the visitor is immediately impressed by the size of Palazzo Vitelleschi, the seat of the national museum. To the south of the square one takes via Umberto I, and enters the Castro Nuovo area where it is possible to admire, in Piazza Belvedere, the church of S. Antonio, in Roman-gothic style and the church of Santa Lucia.
Still near Via Umberto I, it is possible to admire the church of San Giovanni Battista (XIII century): the coat of arms of the Knights of Malta, located on the central door, is surmounted by a beautiful rose window with a halo of small columns. Taking via della Salute, after turning left in Via Garibaldi, one reaches Piazza Matteotti on the left side of which there is the church of the Suffrage, a splendid example of Roman baroque.
Nearby surges the large Roman style municipal building (XI century) with ample pieces of baroque.
From Piazza Matteotti, following the tree-lined Dante Alighieri, one reaches a lookout situated above the city walls, from where one can enjoy a splendid view of the valley, the hills of Civita and the Necropolis.
Going back one turns to the left down Via di Porta Tarquinia and finds Palazzo Scotti which dates back to the 1700's. The immediate vicinity still maintains a building style of medieval origin, the most characterizing element of which is surely the large complex of S. Francesco (church and convent of the XIII century). Going down Via San Leonardo, in front of the church, another interesting building is the Palazzo called of the Marchese, with a courtyard that dates back to the 1400's. Going down Via Garibaldi, one reaches a very small and suggestive square next to the ex-church of San Pancrazio (XIII century); nearby is the Palazzo dei Priori, obtained by joining various pre-existing buildings. Behind the Municipal Building and the Palazzo dei Prior there is a district that is suggestively rich and important for understanding this medieval city. Here one can admire the church of the Santissima Annunziata (XII-XIII century) with a Roman façade and a portal with Sicilian-Norman motifs.
On Via San Giacomo one should note the small Roman church of the Santissimo Salvatore and that of San Giacomo Apostolo (XII century).
At this point, going back to the Annunziata, one comes to a square dominated by the church of San Martino (one of the most ancient in Tarquinia) and a tall tower.
Returning to Palazzo dei Priori, one follows Via delle Torri where it is possible to view the ruins of two towers and the church of the Holy Spirit that dates back to the 1600's, From here one reaches Piazza Santo Stefano from which it is possible to view, on one stretch of Via delle Torri, the battlement of the Barocci tower, and on the other the tower of the Dragons.
From the square it is possible to view the apsidal area of the Dome, the ancient church of Santa Margherita, of medieval origin, which in 1435 became the Cathedral of Corneto, rebuilt in 1656 and restored in the 1800's.
Following the nearby Via Mazzini, one reaches the Palazzo Vitelleschi; continuing down Via di Porta Castello one reached the most ancient center of Medieval Tarquinia: here rises the tower of the seminary (to the right) and the great double door that opens for the height of one bastion of the medieval city wall.
Past the towers under the doors one reached the church of Santa Maria di Catello, next to which rises a tall tower.
Going back down Via Valverde, towards the San Giusto barrier, one finds the church of Santa Maria di Valverde, remodeled inside in the 1400's.
The Necropolis of Monterozzi
This is the most important Etruscan discovery of all the area; it extends to the south-east of modern day Tarquinia and to the south of the hill where Civita Etrusca used to rise. It houses a vast repertoire of tombs, some of which are worth illustrating for their beauty, fame and importance.
The Tomb of the Lionesses (530 BC, discovered in 1873): this tomb owes its name to the pair of felines painted, one in front of the other, on the sides of the ledge on the far wall, which shows a large crater around which there are two musicians and two groups of dancers.
The Tomb of the Leopards (approximately one century more recent than the previous and discovered in 1833): it too is characterized by the admirable portrayal of two animals facing a twig, in the gable of the far wall, completely decorated with a banqueting scene, and three couples lying on beds.
The Tomb of Polyphemus or the Ochre (composed of various room with two adjacent tombs, then joined, which can be dated back to the second half of the IV century; discovered in 1868): the most ancient, of the Spuria family, it is made up of a large quadrangular room with niches, that could be accessed through a corridor. On the far wall there is the scene of a feast taking place on a scenic background; a short stretch of this wall, to the right of the niche, there is the picture of Caronte; on the side wall, to the right, there is another festive scene where there still only remains the beautiful head of a woman (the famous Fanciulla Velcha) and her husband. Passing through a boxed and carved landscape one enters the second and most recent tomb, where it is possible to admire a famous mythological scene: the blinding of Polyphemus; then, through a mixture of Greek and Etruscan iconography, one recognizes the infernal divinities and various scenes that take place in the underworld.
The Tomb of the Greetings (530 BC, discovered in 1878): on the back wall there is a fake door with two men on the side, maybe priests, in the act of praying. The right wall is painted with a scene of servants fighting in the presence of a spectator with a red cloak or maybe a referee; after which there is a portrayal of a cruel game called Phersu ("Mask"), where a masked person unleashes a dog and a wolf against a person who is condemned and must defend himself with his head is in a hood.
The Tomb of the Bulls (540 BC, discovered in 1892): has a structure that is formed like a lobby, at the end of which there is the access to two cells with benches. The space between the two doors shows a picture of Achilles preparing a trap for Toilo. The ornament on top shows erotic scenes and bulls. The Tomb of the Baron or the Horses (500 BC): on the fare wall, the husband is saying goodbye to the wife in front of two young horsemen; on the left wall the mother separates herself from her children and on the right one of the children is saying goodbye to his brother.
The Queens Altar: to complete the visit, direct yourself to the ancient Etruscan settlement. By taking state road 1 bis from the necropolis towards Monte Romano and to the left for 7.3 kilometers, one reaches a country road, take this road for one kilometer and a half then, left again, take the road that leads to an old digging site. At this point go to the North-West until you run into the ancient city walls (V-IV century BC). Here there you will find the ruins of the Queen's Altar, the remains of a temple structure of exceptional size (39,25 meters x 25,35) built in the IV century over much older buildings. A large clay sculpture, showing two winged horses, decorated the temple and are now on display in the museum of Palazzo Vitelleschi in Tarquinia.
Anciently known as Tarxuna or Tarxna (probably from the name of the hero Tarconte, it mythical founder). Tarquinia is one of the most ancient cities of the Tuscia. Its existence has been confirmed as far back as the IV century BC, but it surely reached it maximum splendor with the Tarquini dynasty, who reigned over Rome (VIII-VII century BC).
The city, which during the IV century was the dominating center of the entire Etruscan area, falls together with the fall of the Roman Empire, due to malaria and barbaric incursions. The inhabitants therefore move to the nearby hill of the necropolis of Monterozzi, forming a new settlement called Corgnitum (then Corneto), where the medieval city will then rise and where the center of the city of Tarquinia is now located.
The ancient Cognitum rose on a plain called La Civita, divided into two sectors: the first holds the remains of the ancient urban conglomeration, the second, called Ara Della Regina (Queen's Altar), is characterized by the basement of a Temple that dates back to the end of the IV century BC. Here it is possible to admire the Tuscany style medieval urbanization.
During the XIII century Castro Nuovo is added to Civitas di Corneto, made necessary due to the demographic increase.
Between the end of the XII and beginning of the XIII centuries, Corneto reached its maximum economic wellbeing, a higher level of political independence and the highest level of demographic consistency.
In the 1400's the city is introduced to the splendid regality of the Vitelleschi.
In 1436, Cardinal Vitelleschi has the Palazzo Vitelleschi built, situated at a hinging point between Corneto Vecchia and Castro Nuovo. Throughout the 1400's a series of building interventions follow one another, evidence that the Bishops are particularly interested in the town. In 1592 an earthquake causes numerous damages to the structure of the city; and in the 1700's city work is on the rise again.
Lastly, in 1923, with the discovery of the first Etruscan tombs, a mechanism is set off that will shape a new cultural identity for the city.
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And here's the slightly older one, just for the sake of comparison.
I prefer a black background on a boot animation, if for no other reason than it looks better on an AMOLED screen. The new one has a slight advantage in that it's about half the size, probably thanks to the lack of that fullscreen vanishing animation at the end. Of course, anyone prepared to flash a CyanogenMod nightly build is probably well-informed enough to substitute any boot animation they want.


text:
package com.innovatube.ghealth.domain.domain.interactor;

import com.leo.cattle.domain.executor.PostExecutionThread;
import com.leo.cattle.domain.executor.ThreadExecutor;
import com.leo.cattle.domain.interactor.GetUserDetails;
import com.leo.cattle.domain.repository.UserRepository;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyZeroInteractions;

public class GetUserDetailsTest {

  private static final int FAKE_USER_ID = 123;

  private GetUserDetails getUserDetails;

  @Mock private UserRepository mockUserRepository;
  @Mock private ThreadExecutor mockThreadExecutor;
  @Mock private PostExecutionThread mockPostExecutionThread;

  @Before
  public void setUp() {
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    getUserDetails = new GetUserDetails(FAKE_USER_ID, mockUserRepository,
        mockThreadExecutor, mockPostExecutionThread);
  }

  @Test
  public void testGetUserDetailsUseCaseObservableHappyCase() {
    getUserDetails.buildUseCaseObservable();

    verify(mockUserRepository).user(FAKE_USER_ID);
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUserRepository);
    verifyZeroInteractions(mockPostExecutionThread);
    verifyZeroInteractions(mockThreadExecutor);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Russian experience of previous field gun design and operation led to the model 1942. A double-baffle muzzle brake was added to the barrel of the model 1939 and this was mounted on a new carriage with split-pole trails. The resulting gun was light and manoeverable and very quickly became popular with Russian gun crews. It entered service in 1942 and was produced in very large numbers. It was still in service as a training gun in the 1990s.
Captured examples were designated 7.62cm FK 288(r) by the Germans.
Other products with one or more tags matching the Russian 76.2mm ZIS-3 .


Home / How does VPS Hosting improve website page speed?
As it is known, VPS Hosting is a virtual machine, typically a Virtual Private Server that can be sold or rented out by an internet hosting service provider. It functionally mimics a dedicated server in a shared hosting environment. One can say that it is kind of a Shared as well as a Dedicated Hosting. Thus, every business owner who is seeking to secure the website from any third-party interference should definitely go for VPS hosting.
The primary requirement to host a website is to have all the website related files on a web server. To do so is a tedious process, the first step to which is to buy a dedicated server which is not at all cost-effective. However there is an easier way out; yes, that's a right guess- VPS Hosting. VPS Hosting allows one to rent a space on a web server.
One of the major advantages of being able to rent such a unique place is that, if the traffic is very high or one needs a much-specified setup for one's server, then they can ask for a dedicated space. Whereas start-ups, entrepreneurs etc who require a very small and cost-effective portion of a server and not a dedicated server can get access to plans of their choice.
What are the USPs that contribute to the speed of VPS Hosting?
PRIVACY: Since there are no websites on your server, no one can potentially have access to your files saved up in your virtual OS.
CUSTOMIZATION: Since one is using one's own OS, they'll have access to their own instances of applications like PHP, MySQL etc and be able to customize their OS any time, any way they so desire.
CONTROL: Being a private space, one's VPS server can be restarted without hindering anyone else's through the servers are being shared. Thus it is easy to install new applications easily and have greater control over the server's behavior.
DEDICATED RESOURCES: On a shared server the resources are shared. In a VPS that is not the case, and has dedicated resources for individual users.
How Does VPS Hosting Improve Website Speed?
Since a VPS provides its own OS, it can grant superuser access. Every VPS has its own Virtual CPU, dedicated RAM, bandwidth allocation and so on. The significant control over such resources grants the user certain perks over shared server thus highly enhancing website speed.
BROWSER CACHING: Saving the data from a previously loaded page is a useful implement as when the page is re-accessed. The browser can easily tap into this data instead of searching for data in coordinated servers once again taking considerably longer time.
REDIRECT: Broken links deliver Error 404. 301. Redirects help to avert this by redirecting to the homepage or last surfed page.
IMAGE OPTIMIZATION: High dimension photos take eons to download. However, optimizing the quality of the photographs in VPS hosting becomes easier.
SPECIFYING DIMENSIONS: The URL needs fixed dimensions to run a webpage. VPS affixes these dimensions thus ensuring faster loading.
These are but a few advantages that a VPS has over a shared network. Having its own set of dedicated resources is the primary advantage of VPS whereas a lower price compared to dedicated servers makes it highly affordable too, thus making it an economically viable choice if one is hoping to start a web page.
How can Hostcats help you out?
Hostcats has been in service for a very long time and we aim at making our client's life better. Having serviced various clients for their multitude of requirements of a webpage, Hostcats have had a long, eventful and glorious journey of entrepreneurship, its achievements too many to talk about in just a few words.
At Hostcats we have prioritized value over anything. If one is looking for discounted rates and price cuts, then Hostcats is not at all the place for one to visit. Our team provides quality service at a quality price. We not only put a high emphasis on quality and value but we are much keen on developing an interpersonal relationship both among the employees within our organization and with our wide clientele. Your welcome will be warm if you drop into our office; our interaction will be cordial if you choose to approach us over calls or chats. What you can expect from us?
Taking care of our client's every whim is a primary concern of Hostcats. In order to be proficiently able to do so, we have incorporated three mediums of communication- telephonic conversation, online chat and e-mail for the convenience of our varied consumer base.
Each server can host only a limited number of accounts and this one does not have to compromise on the speed and effectiveness of a webpage.
cPanel, the Hostcats control panel is easy to use as it has a point and click interface.
Thus, to improve the speed of your website and to attract more traffic, selecting VPS is always a wise choice.