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Э́двин Солпи́тер (; 3 декабря 1924, Вена, Австрия — 26 ноября 2008, Итака, штат Нью-Йорк, США) — американский физик-теоретик и астрофизик, также занимался биофизикой, один из основоположников современной теории строения и эволюции звёзд.

Окончил Университет Сиднея в 1945 году. В 1948 году защитил диссертацию на звание доктора философии в Бирмингемском университете, с 1949 года до конца жизни работал в Корнеллском университете (c 1956 года — в должности профессора, с 1997 года — в качестве почётного профессора), член Национальной АН США (1967), иностранный член Лондонского королевского общества (1993).

Работы посвящены разнообразным физическим проблемам, главным образом — ядерной физике, квантовой электродинамике, квантовой теории атомов, физике плазмы, астрофизике.

Солпитер был известен также своей активной гражданской позицией: так, он был активистом общественного движения в США против войны в Ираке и соавтором открытого обращения американских физиков к Конгрессу за предотвращение планировавшегося администрацией президента Буша ядерного удара по Ирану.

В честь Эдвина Солпитера названа малая планета (11757 Salpeter).

Основные научные достижения

Эдвин Солпитер изучал эволюцию и источники энергии звёзд, образование сложных молекул в межзвёздном пространстве, модели пульсаров.

Совместно с Х. Бете вывел уравнение релятивистской квантовой механики для описания двух взаимодействующих частиц — уравнение Бете — Солпитера (1951), широко применяющееся в теории элементарных частиц.

Открыл роль бериллиевого резонанса в теории звёздной эволюции (1952), а именно, объяснил, как тройная альфа-реакция при посредстве метастабильного состояния ядра бериллия приводит к образованию углерода в звёздах с температурой выше 100 — 200 млн градусов (впоследствии У. Фаулер показал, что помимо бериллиевого важную роль играет ещё и углеродный ядерный резонанс).

Вывел закон распределения начальных звёздных масс, известный как функция масс Солпитера (1955).

Солпитер и Я. Б. Зельдович в 1964 году первыми (независимо друг от друга) выдвинули предположение (теперь ставшее общепринятым), что источниками энергии квазаров служат аккреционные диски вокруг массивных чёрных дыр.

Открыл эффект гигантского усиления термоядерного горения в звёздах за счёт плазменного экранирования кулоновского отталкивания ядер и вывел описывающую этот эффект формулу Солпитера для фактора экранирования.

Автор более 400 научных работ, в том числе соавтор до сих пор широко использующейся физиками книги:   ( — Berlin: Springer, 1957).

В последние годы жизни занимался биофизикой и её применением в медицине.

Биография

Детство и юность в Австрии
Эдвин Солпитер родился 3 декабря 1924 года в Вене (Австрия) в еврейской семье (оба его родителя были физиками, причём его отец в студенческие годы был другом Эрвина Шрёдингера), провёл некоторое время в Венгрии, затем вернулся в Вену, где поступил в начальную школу. В 10 лет провалил экзамены в гимназию (по его признанию — из-за того, что вместо подготовки читал романы Карла Мая), после чего самостоятельно в течение года изучал латинский язык и другие академические дисциплины и поступил в гимназию на следующий год.

В 1938 году, после гитлеровского аншлюсса Австрии, большинство еврейских детей были исключены из школ, и только самым способным и успевающим было разрешено продолжить обучение в специальных еврейских школах. Среди «счастливчиков» оказался и Эдвин Солпитер. Однако вскоре, во время «хрустальной ночи», его пытались арестовать, и ему пришлось скрываться. Обучение было прервано. В 1939 году семья бежала из Австрии в Австралию.

Учёба в Австралии и Великобритании
С началом Второй мировой войны семья поселилась в Сиднее, где отец Эдвина получил работу на заводе по производству ламп накаливания. В 16 лет Эдвин поступил в Университет Сиднея. В то время его основным увлечением была химия, но при этом он наряду с другими студентами участвовал в разработке военных радаров (что было альтернативой военной службе).

В 1945 году, с окончанием войны, в Сиднее стала весьма популярной радиоастрономия, однако Эдвин Солпитер занялся зарождавшейся в те годы квантовой электродинамикой. Его магистерская диссертация по теории поля позволила ему получить престижную стипендию для продолжения обучения в Великобритании, где он стал аспирантом Бирмингемского университета под руководством Рудольфа Пайерлса, чья школа теоретической физики считалась тогда лучшей в Европе. Диссертация на звание доктора философии, которую Солпитер защитил в 1948 году, была посвящена проблеме сингулярности в квантовой теории поля. Она не получила известности, так как в то же самое время (в 1947 году) проблема была по существу решена Хансом Бете, который ввёл в теорию радиационные поправки и объяснил с их помощью лэмбовский сдвиг.

Жизнь и работа в США
После защиты диссертации, в 1949 году Солпитер присоединился к группе физиков-теоретиков, возглавляемой Х. Бете в Корнелле.

В 1950 году он женился на  (), занимавшейся в Корнелле психобиологией. Впоследствии она занялась нейробиологией и биофизикой (после её смерти в 2000 году Солпитер посвятил свою научную деятельность продолжению её незавершённых работ).

В начале 1950-х годов Солпитер занялся проблемой связанных состояний в релятивистской теории и вывел совместно с Х. Бете уравнение Бете—Солпитера (1951).

Вскоре после этого его интересы переключились на ядерную астрофизику. В то время эта наука испытывала большие трудности в связи с кажущейся невозможностью построить цепочку ядерных реакций, приводящую к образованию углерода из гелия в недрах звёзд (промежуточные нуклиды бериллия распадались быстрее, чем могли прореагировать). Солпитер разрешил эту проблему, показав, что углерод образуется в звёздах результате одновременного слияния трёх ядер гелия — тройной альфа-реакции — не напрямую, а при посредстве промежуточного метастабильного состояния ядра бериллия (этот ядерный резонанс незадолго до того был открыт У. Фаулером). Тогда же Фаулер предсказал, а впоследствии (в 1958 году) экспериментально открыл ещё один, углеродный ядерный резонанс с той же энергией, что позволило окончательно устранить противоречия между ядерной физикой и теорией звёздной эволюции.

В 1953 году у Эдвина и Мириам родилась дочь Джуди (), после чего они 1 год провели в только что основанном Австралийском национальном университете (АНУ) в Канберре. Перед отъездом в Австралию Солпитер принял участие в Мичиганском симпозиуме по астрофизике, где общение с Г. Гамовым, В. Бааде и другими выдающимися физиками того времени во многом повлияло, по словам Солпитера, на направление его последующих астрофизических исследований.

Во время пребывания в Австралии в 1954 году Солпитер впервые оценил поправки к скоростям термоядерных реакций в звёздах, возникающие за счёт экранирования электронами кулоновских сил отталкивания между ионами в звёздном веществе. Впоследствии он ещё не раз возвращался к проблеме усиления ядерных реакций в плазме за счёт экранирования. До сих пор активно цитируется статья, написанная им в 1969 году совместно со его тогдашним аспирантом Хью Ван Хорном, в которой изучено пикноядерное горение в звёздах — процесс «холодного» слияния ядер, обусловленный не высокой температурой (как в термоядерных реакциях), а высокой плотностью вещества.

В середине 1950-х Дж. Бербидж, Е. М. Бербидж, У. Фаулер и Ф. Хойл показали, как тяжёлые элементы образуются в массивных звёздах на разных стадиях эволюции. Однако для того, чтобы вычислить полную скорость производства тяжёлых элементов во Вселенной, необходимо знать начальное распределение звёзд по массам, о котором тогда почти ничего не было известно. Эдвин Солпитер в 1955 году, используя весьма скудные в то время данные о различиях разных звёздных популяций, вывел приближённую форму зависимости числа вновь рождающихся звёзд от их массы — начальную функцию масс (:en:Initial mass function) и вычислил содержание тяжёлых элементов в межзвёздном газе, а также долю звёзд, которые к настоящему времени превратились в белые карлики. Основные выводы и оценки, полученные им тогда, не устарели и по сей день, а его формула дла начальной функции масс известна как функция Солпитера (Солпитер впоследствии считал эту статью своей лучшей работой).

В 1954 году Солпитер получил предложение возглавить кафедру теоретической физики в АНУ, однако отказался от него и в сентябре 1954 года вернулся в Итаку. Это было сделано по двум причинам: во-первых: он не хотел отказываться от занятий астрофизикой в пользу физики высоких энергий (что ему пришлось бы сделать, прими он предложение АНУ), а во вторых, в Корнелле были лучшие возможности для работы его жены Мириам (которая вскоре занялась нейробиологией).

Солпитер получил должность профессора Корнеллского университета в 1956 году.

В 1955 году родилась дочь Солпитера Шелли ().

В конце 1950-х в рамках сотрудничества с Агентством перспективных исследовательских проектов США () Солпитер показал, что обратное рассеяние радиоволн электронами ионосферы даёт сдвиг частоты, связанный с плазменной частотой. Эта работа стала самой цитируемой его статьёй, потому что эффект нашёл применение в качестве удобного метода измерения плотности электронов в лабораторной плазме.

В 1960-е годы Солпитер выполнил со своими учениками ряд работ в области статистической механики, в частности по вычислению уравнения состояния плотной плазмы, которые нашли применение в исследованиях белых карликов, нейтронных звёзд и планет-гигантов. В эти же годы Солпитер принял участие в обсуждениях природы квазаров, выдвинул верное предположение о том, что источником их энергии является аккреция на чёрную дыру и исследовал такую аккрецию.

Начиная с 1960-х и до 1990-х годов Солпитер время от времени по совместительству занимал различные административные должности, в частности (ближе к концу карьеры) должность директора Центра радиофизических и космических исследований Корнеллского университета. Он также внёс важный вклад в разработку противоракетной обороны (ПРО) в 1960-х. Солпитер прекратил эту деятельность с началом вмешательства США в войну во Вьетнаме, но впоследствии входил в число консультантов по ПРО при администрации Рейгана.

В 1990-х Эдвин Солпитер и его студент китайского происхождения, а затем аспирант Дун Лай (Dong Lai, ныне профессор Корнеллского университета) выполнили серию работ по исследованию свойств атомов, молекул, ионов и плазмы в атмосферах нейтронных звёзд с сильным магнитным полем. Примерно в это же время Солпитер со своими коллегами в Корнелле исследовали проблемы динамики галактик и тёмной материи.

Время от времени Солпитер принимал участие в работах своей жены Мириам по изучению нейромышечных соединений. Он возглавил лабораторию Мириам после её смерти в октябре 2000 года. Солпитер также провёл ряд исследований по эпидемиологии туберкулёза совместно с дочерью-физиком Шелли Солпитер, а впоследствии и с внуком Николасом Бакли (Nicholas Buckley).

Солпитер вышел на пенсию в 1997 году, при этом не прекратив научной деятельности. За ним осталось пожизненное звание почётного профессора Корнеллского университета. В 1998 году университет в честь его заслуг учредил серию Солпитеровских лекций.

Солпитер умер от лейкемии на 84-м году жизни у себя дома в Итаке. После него остались его вторая жена Антония (Antonia "Lhamo" Shouse Salpeter), дочери Джуди и Шелли и четверо внуков.

Награды
 1959 — Премия за исследования в области астрофизики от Института Карнеги
 1973 — Золотая медаль Королевского астрономического общества
 1974 — Премия Генри Норриса Рассела от Американского астрономического общества
 1974 — Премия памяти Роберта Оппенгеймера Университета Майами
 1985 — Медаль Карла Шварцшильда от Астрономического общества Германии
 1987 — Медаль Кэтрин Брюс от Тихоокеанского астрономического общества
 1996 —  от Университета Нового Южного Уэльса
 1997 — Премия Крафорда от Шведской королевской академии наук
 1999 —  от Американского физического общества

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

 The Bruce Medalists — Edwin Ernest Salpeter
 Edwin Salpeter, whose theories revolutionized astrophysics, dies at 83 // Cornell Chronicle, Nov. 26, 2008
 Конференция памяти Солпитера в Корнелле 14 марта 2009 года

Астрономы по алфавиту
Физики по алфавиту
Астрофизики США
Физики-теоретики США
Члены Национальной академии наук США
Иностранные члены Лондонского королевского общества
Награждённые медалью Кэтрин Брюс
Лауреаты премии Крафорда
Умершие от лейкоза
Лауреаты премии Ханса Бете
Лауреаты премии памяти Роберта Оппенгеймера


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Congenital Absence of the Cystic Duct: A Rare But Dangerous Anomaly
Sachin Patil, MD, Sudhir Jain, MS FRCS, RCM Kaza, MS, Ronald Chamberlain, MD MPA FACS. Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ. Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Introduction: Cholecystectomy is the most common digestive tract surgery performed worldwide and injury to the bile ducts is a dreaded complication which leads to both acute and chronic sequelae. The incidence of bile duct injury is increased in the presence of severe inflammation and is compounded by congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract. Congenitally absent cystic duct is one such rare anomaly with severe surgical implications. So far only nine clear cases of congenitally absent cystic duct have been reported. In this report we describe two additional cases of a congenitally absent cystic duct and provide a comprehensive discussion of the clinical significance, and appropriate surgical management of this anomaly.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive English and non-English search for all articles pertinent to an absent cystic duct was conducted. Cases identified were analyzed in regards to age and gender of patients, symptoms at presentation, surgical outcome and intra-operative findings. Patients with recurrent jaundice, recurrent pancreatitis, and intra-operative findings of direct attachment of the GB into the CHD and without gallstone impaction in the GB neck or CBD/CHD were considered to have a congenital absent cystic duct. Patients with dense pericholecystic adhesions and/or gallstone impaction were considered to have acquired absence of cystic duct.
Results: A total of 11 cases, including the two cases presented here, of congenitally absent cystic duct have been reported (Table 1). Although 18 cases of cystic duct anomalies have been reported as congenital absent cystic duct, critical analysis of these cases reveal that 9 of the 18 reported cases had signs of acquired absent cystic duct. The median age among the 11 patients was 49 years, with a M: F ratio of 1:2.3. Seven of nine previously reported patients had recurring symptoms prior to surgery, lasting on average 14.7 years (range 2 to 25 years). A retrograde cholecystectomy approach was utilized in 8 cases (cases 2-5, 7, 9-11) and one patient was treated with cholecystostomy (case 8). Two patients had an antegrade cholecystectomy (cases 1 and 6) and in both cases the common bile duct was mistaken as the cystic duct and was ligated and divided.
Conclusion: Congenital anomalies of the extrahepatic bile ducts are common. Short or aberrant cystic duct entry or union with the CHD is routinely encountered, especially in the presence of severe pericholecystic inflammation. However a congenitally absence of the cystic duct is a rare entity with severe surgical implications. Patients with recurrent episodes of gallstone pancreatitis separated by brief intervals should raise the suspicion of a congenitally absent cystic duct and lead the surgeon to consider open cholecystectomy or at least assess their skills prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Knowledge of this anomaly and its mode of presentation and preferred surgical approach should help avoid inadvertent biliary injuries and the complex biliary procedures which may be required to fix them.
Session: Poster

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wenceslas Square is one of the two most important city squares. It is also location for several of Bohemia Apartments in Prague. Now we would like to present you the story and most important moments with this place and it's monument.
If you watched any of the television coverage of the death of former Czech President Václav Havel, you'll probably have seen one of Prague's most famous landmarks – the St Wenceslas statue at the very top of Wenceslas Square. The monument is also perhaps Prague's most famous statue, and focal point during key moments in Czech history.
A monument has stood on this spot since 1680, although the present statue was unveiled in 1912, after a design process taking 30 years. The sculpture was created by Josef Myslbek and consists of St Wenceslas at the centre, on his mighty horse, flanked by four other Bohemian saints – his mother Ludmila, and Procopius, Adalbert and Agnes. They were added in the 1920s, a few years after Czechoslovakia was founded on 28 October 1918, a date you'll see on the base of the monument.
Political demonstrations are frequently staged around the statue, especially during the Communist takeover in 1948, and 20 years later, during the Prague Spring. At the same time, the St Wenceslas monument is associated with tragic martyrdom. On October 28,1939, student Jan Opletal, a participant in demonstrations against the Nazi occupation, was shot dead by troops opening fire against protesters. And on January 16, 1969, just in front of the National Museum, 21-year old student Jan Palach set himself alight in protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Twenty years later the St Wenceslas Statue once again the hub of demonstrations, this time of a joyful nature. The statue was covered in posters with political slogans or pictures of Václav Havel, candles were lit at the base, and Czechs and Slovaks in their thousands filled Wenceslas Square, calling for the resignation of the Communist rulers. With a very sad irony, thousands of candles were lit at the base of the statue and posters of the former President covered the plinth, as Czechs remembered Václav Havel, the leader of the Velvet Revolution of 1989.He died on December 18, 2011.


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-Burbank mall's arcade is closing this March, essentially being forced out with higher rent. Read more about it here. Good-bye All Amusement Fun Center, we've had some great times.
-Interview with Gary Philips, writer of new Vigilante comic set in LA, Vigilante: Southland.


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Complete DHS Daily Report for October 18, 2012
• Capital One Bank confirmed that its Web site was hit by another distributed denial-of- service (DDoS) attack October 16. The incident was the second attack allegedly waged by a hacktivist group against the bank, with the group threatening new attacks on banks October 16-18. – BankInfoSecurity See item 11 below in the Banking and Finance Sector
• Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks with an average bandwidth over 20Gbps have become commonplace in 2012, a 230 percent increase over 2011, according to new security research. High bandwidth attacks were previously isolated incidents, and few organizations have the infrastructure to handle such attacks. – IDG News Service See item 33 below in the Information Technology Sector
• Five people were found dead in a bar outside Denver where a fire broke out October 17. Police believe the blaze was set to cover up the murders. – Associated Press
38. October 17, Associated Press – (Colorado) 5 dead in apparent arson-homicide at Denver bar. Five people were found dead in a bar outside Denver where a fire broke out October 17, and police believed the blaze was set to cover up the murders. The fire at Fero's Bar & Grill was reported around closing time, the police chief said. Firefighters found four women and one man dead inside the bar. Police do not think they died in the fire. "The business has obviously been set on fire, an arson, I'm guessing, to mask the homicide that occurred inside," said a police commander. "There is just trauma, enough information to believe that we have a homicide that occurred here. They didn't perish in the fire," he said. The fire did not appear to be a very large one. No damage to the bar was visible from the street or aerial news coverage. The bar is located in a strip mall about five miles south of downtown Denver just outside of the Cherry Creek North shopping district on one of the city's busiest streets, Colorado Boulevard. Autopsies were expected to be conducted October 17. Source: http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/5-dead-in-apparent-arson-homicide-at- Denver-bar-3956039.php
• A study released by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers October 15 said the agency did what it could to manage the historic 2011 flooding on the Missouri River, but more repairs, research, and monitoring are needed to mitigate damage in future high flow years. – Associated Press
42. October 16, Associated Press – (National) Corps study cites vulnerabilities in wake of Missouri River flooding. A study released by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers October 15, said the agency did what it could to manage the historic 2011 flooding on the Missouri River but that more repairs, research, and monitoring are needed to mitigate damage in future high flow years. The flooding began after the Corps released massive amounts of water from upstream reservoirs that had been filled with melting snow and heavy rains. The onslaught lasted for more than 100 days, busting levees, carving gouges up to 50 feet deep, and dumping debris on farmers' fields. The Corps said about $400 million would be spent to fix damage along the Missouri River caused by the 2011 flooding. Most levee fixes are expected to be done before spring of 2013, with work on the dams expected to take longer. More funding might be required for the repairs, but the Corps said it was still evaluating the amount. The study also said more water gauges are needed on the Missouri River. It notes that between 1990 and 2010, 387 gauges that once were monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey were discontinued. Seventeen other gauges now provide less information. Source: http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/2012/oct/16/corps-study-cites- vulnerabilities-in-wake-of/
6. October 17, Naperville Sun – (Illinois; California) Men from Naperville, Lisle accused in $28 million scam. Two men were scheduled to be arraigned October 18 in U.S. District Court in Chicago on charges of running a $28 million Ponzi-type scheme targeting investors primarily in Illinois and California, according to a statement from the U.S. attorney's office. One man was a principal of USA Retirement Management Services, which had offices in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, and southern California. The other was a company salesman who conducted seminars attended by victims of the alleged scam. A third man also conducted estate planning seminars targeting primarily retirees. According to the indictment, the men between 2005 and 2010 offered and sold promissory notes, in which USA Retirement "absolutely and unconditionally" guaranteed investors rates of 4.75 to 11 percent annually. Two of the men "falsely claimed that the interest would be generated from investments in Turkish bonds," the statement declared. Instead they used the money to pay some investors and themselves. The men falsely claimed that they had years of investment banking experience and had profited in investing in Turkish bonds. The men had no banking experience and did not make any investments. The company principal and salesman are charged with five counts of wire fraud and four counts of mail fraud. The man who conducted seminars is charged with three counts of wire fraud and three counts of mail fraud. - 5 -
Source: http://napervillesun.suntimes.com/news/15795027-418/men-from-naperville- lisle-accused-in-28-million-investment-scam.html
7. October 16, Atlanta Journal Constitution – (Georgia) Husband, wife convicted in tax scheme. A Lawrenceville, Georgia couple was convicted for a tax defiance scheme after claiming that they were "American citizens" and not subject to federal income tax laws, the U.S. Attorney's Office announced October 16. The husband and wife were found guilty by a federal jury of conspiring to defraud the United States and making false claims upon the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) by a federal jury. According to the information presented in court, the couple, who owned a yard furnishing store and general contracting business in Duluth, conspired to avoid taxes from 1999 to 2009 and submitted false claims for refunds. The couple stopped filing federal income tax returns in the 1990s, then hired the now-defunct American Rights Litigators (ARL) to fight the IRS on their behalf. ARL sold and promoted tax defiance schemes, authorities said. The husband and wife's ploys to avoid taxes included sending "obstructive, frivolous, and harassing documents" to the IRS and Department of the Treasury, and establishing business bank accounts using fake tax identification numbers to hide money. In 2009, the couple submitted two fraudulent tax returns claiming more than $420,000 in refunds. They also sent the government a bogus $100 billion, private registered bond to pay off their debts. Source: http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/husband-wife-convicted-in-tax- scheme/nSfTY/
8. October 16, Imperial Valley News – (Idaho; California) Former Elk Grove man arrested in Idaho for $20 million investment fraud. A California man was arrested October 15 on federal investment fraud and bankruptcy fraud charges in Caldwell, Idaho, involving a $20 million investment fraud scheme. The man was charged in a 24- count indictment with wire fraud, false statements in bankruptcy, and bankruptcy bribery. The indictment alleges that he carried out an investment fraud through an entity known as the Perfect Financial Group. According to the indictment, he targeted 190 members of the ethnic Indian Fijian community. He told investors that he was using their money for hard money lending, but actually, he put it to other purposes. The indictment alleges that he lost $12 million through gambling; diverted more than $2 million to personal bank accounts and withdrew much of that in cash; spent $880,000 on a film project; and spent more than $1 million on other business ventures. He also used the money to pay other victims, falsely representing that the payments were profits from the short-term hard money lending business. According to court documents August 19, 2010, the man declared bankruptcy and committed fraud crimes in the bankruptcy. In the bankruptcy, he allegedly failed to disclose bank accounts and tried to induce his victims not to participate in the bankruptcy proceedings. Source: http://www.imperialvalleynews.com/index.php/news/latest-news/2000-former- elk-grove-man-arrested-in-idaho-for-20-million-investment-fraud.html
9. October 16, Boulder Daily Camera – (Colorado) Boulder 'Face-Off Bandit,' pleads guilty to aggravated robbery. The "Face-Off Bandit" accused of robbing four banks in Boulder, Colorado, pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated robbery October 16. The robber was originally charged with four counts of aggravated robbery but had three charges dropped as part of the plea deal. He was accused in bank robberies dating back to December 16, 2011 at a Great Western Bank; January 19 at a First Bank; February 15 at a Chase Bank; and March 8 at a First National Bank in Louisville. He also robbed a bank in Jefferson County. Authorities called him the "Face-Off Bandit" because he wore fake beards as disguises and left them as he fled. Source: http://www.denverpost.com/opinion/ci_21783048/mark-edwards-boulder-face- off-bandit-pleads-guilty
10. October 16, The H – (International) Santander's online banking keeps passwords in cookies. The retail Web site for Santander bank has been discovered to be keeping customer passwords in plain text in cookies held while the user is logged in, The H reported October 16. The discovery was revealed on the Full Disclosure mailing list when an anonymous user posted details of how credit card numbers and other information was stored in session cookies. According to the report, the "NewUniversalCookie" is base64 decoded to reveal an XML document which contains a name, alias, and user ID. In fact, the cookie contains multiple fields; the base64 encoded XML document was just one of them. The H found that, in at least one case, upon decoding an account the innocuously named "alias" field in fact contained a plain text version of the user's password. The password alone is not sufficient to access a Santander account as there is another registration number that needs to be used with it, but the presence of a plain text password does raise questions about the security practices of the bank's online site. A Santander spokesperson told The H: "The data items stored within our cookies, if compromised, would not allow access to our online services on their own and our primary login processes do not rely on cookie data." Source: http://www.h-online.com/security/news/item/Santander-s-online-banking- keeps-passwords-in-cookies-Update-1730364.html
11. October 16, BankInfoSecurity – (International) CapOne takes second DDoS hit. Capital One confirmed that its Web site was hit by another distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, October 16. The incident was the second attack allegedly waged in October by a hacktivist group against the bank. "Capital One is experiencing intermittent access to some online systems due to a denial of service attack," a bank spokeswoman said. "There was minimal impact to the majority of our customers." The same day, a post claiming to be from the hacktivist group appeared on Pastebin claiming new attacks against U.S. banks would be waged between October 16 and October 18. The group noted that this new wave of DDoS attacks is being initiated without advance warning. In earlier Pastebin posts, the group named the eight banks it eventually attacked. A financial fraud and security consultant with CEB TowerGroup said the October 9 attack against Capital One, appeared to be one of the most damaging. "With CapOne, they seemed to take a bigger hit than the others," he said. "Other banks seemed to handle the attacks better." Source: http://www.bankinfosecurity.com/capone-takes-second-ddos-hit-a-5203
33. October 17, IDG News Service – (International) High bandwidth DDoS attacks are now common, researcher says. Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks with an average bandwidth over 20Gbps have become commonplace in 2012, according to researchers from DDoS mitigation vendor Prolexic. In 2011, such high-bandwidth attacks were isolated incidents, Prolexic's president said October 16. Very few companies or organizations have the network infrastructure to handle such attacks. Prolexic released its global DDoS attack report for the third quarter October 17. According to the report, there is an 88 percent increase of attacks from the same quarter of 2011. However, compared to the second quarter of 2012, the number of attacks actually declined by 14 percent. The average attack bandwidth during the third quarter of 2012 was 4.9Gbps, which represents a 230 percent increase compared to 2011, and an 11 percent increase compared to the previous quarter. The average attack during the third quarter of 2012 lasted 19 hours, slightly longer than in the second quarter. The majority of attacks — over 81 percent — targeted the infrastructure layer, while 18.6 percent of attacks targeted the application layer. The top three countries where DDoS attacks originated were China with 35 percent of attacks, the United States with 28 percent, and India with 8 percent. Source: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9232487/High_bandwidth_DDoS_attacks_are_now_common_researcher_says
34. October 16, Softpedia – (International) Blackhole/Zeus threat comes via 'You have blocked your Facebook account' spam. Malicious emails entitled "Verify your account" were spotted by security experts. The alerts are part of a cybercriminal campaign whose main goal is to lure users to Blackhole-infested, Zeus-serving Web sites. Fake Facebook notifications are becoming more and more interesting. Recently, instead of informing potential victims that their accounts were suspended by Facebook, spammers tell users they somehow blocked their own accounts. "You have blocked your Facebook account. You can reactivate your account whenever you wish by logging into Facebook with your former login email address and password" the shady emails read. GFI Labs experts indicate that the links from these messages are designed to take Internet users to compromised Web sites that further redirect them to fake Adobe Flash Player update sites. Source: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BlackHole-Zeus-Threat-Comes-Via-You- Have-Blocked-Your-Facebook-Account-Spam-299745.shtml
35. October 16, Threatpost – (International) Zero-day attacks thrive for months before disclosure. Zero-day vulnerabilities and exploits dominate headlines and most heated information security discussions. However, there are relatively few of these attacks hitting a small number of hosts, according to new research on the subject. Zero days get so much attention because of their effectiveness in compromising targets and avoiding detection. Two researchers from Symantec Research Labs examined a period of malware activity on a host of Symantec detection platforms from 2008 to 2011 and quantified the window of exposure organizations face from attacks that are active before vulnerabilities are publicly disclosed. The 18 attacks they discovered in that 3- year timespan lasted anywhere between 19 days and 30 months, an average of 312 days, or 10 months. That means organizations targeted by zero-day malware were likely compromised by a variety of malware attacking undisclosed vulnerabilities on a number of platforms. "For cyber criminals, unpatched vulnerabilities in popular software such as Microsoft Office or Adobe Flash represent a free pass to any target they might wish to attack, from Fortune 500 companies to millions of consumer PCs around the world," the researchers wrote in a paper. Once zero-day vulnerabilities are publicly disclosed, attacks spike up, the researchers said, and most within 30 days of disclosure. "Cyber criminals watch closely the disclosure of new vulnerabilities in order to start exploiting them which causes a significant risk for end users," the paper said. Source: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/zero-day-attacks-thrive-months-disclosure- 101612
Nothing to report.


Elegant and velvety in texture with a characteristic perfume of rose petal and ripe red berries. The palate shows good weight and depth of bramble flavour which provides the structure for ageing. But it's delicious now.
Established in 1996, Muriel and Frédéric Montangeron continue the tradition of passing down winemaking heritage from father to son.
The Montangeron domaine itself was created in 2000 following the purchase of buildings and vineyards over several appellations. The main production area is in Fleurie – one of the 10 Cru Beaujolais, the highest classification within this region.
After being carefully hand-harvested and rigorously sorted, the grapes are fermented using a method typical to Beaujolais production – carbonic maceration. The grapes are gently pressed as whole bunches; the weight of the grapes themselves often do most of the pressing. The free-run juice comes into contact with the natural yeasts on the grape skins and automatically commences fermentation. The fermentation is monitored carefully and controlled at low temperatures for 10 – 12 days.


Weatherby Athena 28 Gauge unfired NIC!
THERE ARE CERTAIN "MUST HAVE" QUALITIES that define a good pump gun: easy to use; comfortable to carry; incredibly reliable; and built tough enough for long days and season after season in the field. That's exactly what you get with the Weatherby® PA-08™. Put simply, the Weatherby® pump shotguns are as dependable - and enjoyable - as any shotgun you'll ever put in your hands. Designed on a similar frame as our popular semi automatics, the Turkish made PA-08 features a single action bar design that is straight forward, overbuilt and made for round after round of high volume action.


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Pastor Nicholas Hopman, Senior Pastor
Pastor Nicholas Hopman graduated from Luther Theological Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota and has previously served in the Upper Peninsula, where he taught courses at Finlandia University, Vancouver, Canada, and northern Minnesota. He is interested in the history of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, especially early Lutheran piety and Lutheran theology. His work has been published in the peer-reviewed journal Lutheran Quarterly, and also Lutheran Forum and Valparaiso University's The Cresset. He and his wife have three children. Email Pastor Hopman at n.hopman@grace43081.org.
Molly King, Commissioned Lay Minister, Youth & Family Ministries
Molly King is married to Mike and they have two sons, Matthew and Brendan. They live outside of Delaware. She graduated from Trinity Lutheran Seminary in 2006 with a Master of Arts in Lay Ministry with a specialty in Christian Education. Teaching is in her background as she graduated in 1990 from The Ohio State University with a degree in Elementary Education. After graduation, she substitute taught for a few years before teaching Kindergarten at a Preschool. Since graduating from Seminary she has worked at four different churches. At each church she has had a different role working with Christian Education and Youth programs. She has been to three National Youth Gatherings, taking a youth group to two of them and presenting on Disability Awareness in the church at the other. Email Molly at m.king@grace43081.org.
Linda Hoch, Organist
Linda has been the organist/pianist at Grace Ev. Lutheran Church since August of 2001. Prior to her arrival at Grace, she was the interim organist for 8 months at Parkview United Methodist Church in Columbus. Linda graduated with honors from Defiance Sr. High School in 1997. She graduated Magna Cum Laude from Capital University in 2001 with a Bachelor of Music degree in Organ Performance and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry. While at Capital she was the organist for Sunday morning chapel services from 1997 to 2000. Linda has studied organ with Bruce Deniston, Janet Linker and Michael Murray. Linda graduated Cum Laude from The Ohio State University in 2007 with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. She currently works as staff pharmacist at Walgreens Pharmacy on E. Dublin-Granville Rd. and Maple Canyon. Linda is married to Christopher Hoch (whom she met at Grace) and has two children: Benjamin (Benny) and Margaret (Maggie). Email Linda at lkgraf102078@earthlink.net
Kathy Wahlenmaier, Financial Manager
In 2015, Kathy joined the Grace staff as Financial Manager. After 22 years working for a global corporation, Kathy is happy to be working in this warm, where-everybody-knows-your-name environment. God's timing is amazing! She and her husband, Roy, were married in 1970 and have lived in Johnstown since 1982. They have four sons, three daughters-in-law, and six grandchildren. 'Grandma' is Kathy's favorite title these days. She is a member of the Church of the Ascension and of the American Legion Auxiliary in Johnstown. When not in the office, she enjoys reading, baking, monthly card club, cheering on the football Buckeyes, and spending time with family and friends. Email Kathy at k.wahlenmaier@grace43081.org
Sarah A. Odum, Business Manager
Sarah joined the Grace staff as Church Secretary on November 12th, 2018 and in January 2020 was promoted to the role of Business Manager. She grew up in Port Clinton, Ohio and attended St. John Evangelical Lutheran Church. While growing up she was very active in and outside of the church. She was in the youth group, children's choir, played trumpet in the brass quartet for special events, attended Lutheran Memorial Camp as a Counselor-In-Training, and while at Baldwin College was active in the local away from home program for college students through St. Paul Lutheran Church in Berea, Ohio. Completed her Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Studio Art with a minor in French at Baldwin Wallace. At The Ohio State University she earned her Master of Arts in Education Policy and Leadership and worked there for 13 years. She meet her husband David in 2008 and married into St. John Evangelical Lutheran Church, Columbus, Ohio and was very active until 2017 when they moved further north and found Grace. She became a member of Grace in October 2018 and is now a Sunday School Teacher. Email Sarah at office@grace43081.org


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Environmental Coverage Disputes Lawyers
San Francisco Attorneys Fighting Environment Claim Denials Throughout California and Nationwide
Pillsbury & Coleman, LLP has helped clients resolve environmental-related insurance disputes for our California clients involving contaminated water, oil spills, asbestos, benzene, PCPs, silica exposure, arsenic, and other contaminants.
Our work in this area focuses on a select group of cases in which the insurance carrier contends that there is no coverage because there is no property damage to the property of others. We have been very successful in working up these cases to show that coverage does, indeed, exist and must be paid.
ONE OF OUR LANDMARK CASES
For example, in Vann v. The Travelers Insurance Company, we won a $26.5 million bad faith verdict against Travelers Insurance Company for our client, the former owner of an auto repair shop who was sued for allegedly causing environmental damage to the property he had leased for nearly 30 years.
The insurance company first denied there was ever any coverage. After admitting there was a policy, they inundated him with burdensome and harassing requests for information that our 70-year-old client was unable to respond to. The insurance company improperly claimed Mr. Vann didn't have coverage and refused to hire a lawyer to defend him.
We proved that the insurance company had intentionally adopted a manner of handling environmental claims that were intended to deprive individuals such as Mr. Vann of insurance protection.
One of the largest punitive damage verdicts in the country in 1997, the award included $1.5 million in compensatory damages and $2.5 million in punitive damages. The Travelers appealed all the way to the United States Supreme Court, which denied review and the verdict was upheld. With accrued interest, The Travelers Insurance Company was forced to pay Mr. Vann more than $30 million.
CONTACT OUR EXPERIENCED INSURANCE LAW ATTORNEYS TODAY
If your firm is involved in an environmental insurance dispute, please call our office at (415) 433-8000 or send us an email for a free case evaluation. From offices in San Francisco, we represent clients throughout California.


Nicodemo, 42, has been held without bail since his arrest on the day of the shooting, December 12, 2012.
"During opening remarks, Brian McMonagle (Nicodemo's lawyer) was wearing a suit that was very, very expensive...and a watch that cost more than my 2011 car," the juror wrote. "Therefore, I deduced that he was not a public defender."
Using the same reasoning, she said, led her to believe that "the defendant had the access to cash necessary to employ" an expensive attorney. And she wondered, "Where did this money come from? I had my suspicions."
She said she assumed Nicodemo was being held without bail because while he appeared each day in court in a dress shirt and slacks ("business casual clothes" in the words of the juror), she noticed that he was wearing "a pair of pristine white sneakers."
"I couldn't imagine Mr. Nicodemo would come to court in sneakers unless he was being kept in jail," she wrote. "Why wouldn't he be out on bail? I knew he had access to money, so he either was a flight risk or a very dangerous person (or both)."
The panelist said Nicodemo had smiled at her during the jury selection process. But during the trial, which included testimony about the gangland-style slaying of DiPietro in the 2800 block of South Iseminger Street, she said she would look toward the defense table and Nicodemo "confronted me with a smug, steely gaze."
The juror said "he appeared unmoved by the heinous details of the crime and the disturbing testimony of several witnesses."
The juror was one of 14 chosen to hear testimony in the case. Judge Minehart opted to go with just two alternates during the trial, a move that would eventually lead to the mistrial when a third juror was dismissed on Dec. 20. She heard the bulk of the prosecution's case before being dismissed, including the testimony of two witnesses who saw the shooter.
One witness, a letter carrier working in the neighborhood, said he heard a shot, ran toward the sound, heard a second shot and then saw a gunman in a hoody fire four more shots into DiPietro who was lying in the street beside his pickup truck. The shooting occurred shortly before 3 p.m.The gunman then fled in the opposite direction, the mailman testified.
At that point, the shooter ran past another witness who said he saw the gunman jump into a black Honda Pilot SUV which appeared to be parked with the motor running. The vehicle sped away, but the witness got the license tag.
The Honda Pilot was registered to Anthony Nicodemo at his home in the 3200 block of South 17th Street. Less than 30 minutes after the shooting, police were knocking on Nicodemo's door. He said he had been working inside his house. He was taken into custody. After obtaining a search warrant for the Honda Pilot, which was parked behind Nicodemo's home, police found a .357 magnum wrapped in a jacket behind the driver's seat.
Evidence entered during the trial indicated that the gun was the murder weapon. It was, Assistant District Attorney Brian Zarallo said in his opening statement, the "smoking gun" that tied Nicodemo to the murder. Zarallo said the prosecution did not have to offer a motive for the shooting. He did not provide one. But he twice mentioned Domenic Grande, a mob associate and close friend of Nicodemo's, as the possible shooter. Grande has never been charged.
DiPietro, 50, was a convicted drug dealer who, according to some underworld and law enforcement sources, was cooperating with authorities at the time he was killed. His murder was described by one investigator as the "dumbest" mob hit in the history of Philadelphia.
No one, the investigator said, uses their own vehicle as the getaway car. And any experienced hitman knows that the first order of business after a shooting is to dispose of the murder weapon. The shooting occurred as mob boss Joseph "Uncle Joe" Ligambi and six co-defendants were being tried in a racketeering case in U.S. District Court in Philadelphia. A shooting during a mob trial is also considered bad underworld form.
Those factors apparently came into play as McMonagle prepared his opening statement. In it, he told the jury that Nicodemo happened to be in the neighborhood on the day of the shooting because he had an office nearby and because his parents lived there. The defense lawyer said a masked gunman jumped into the car, forced Nicodemo to speed away and then, at some point, jumped out of the Honda Pilot, but not before stashing the gun behind the driver's seat.
The explanation begs several questions that may or may not have been answered had the trial been completed. One was whether Nicodemo would take the stand in his own defense to expand on the "carjacking" story. At that point, he would have been faced with another difficult question. Why didn't he report the carjacking to police or mention it when they came to his door that afternoon?
Instead, Nicodemo has sat in jail, denied bail, since his arrest on first degree murder and related charges that could land him in jail for 30 years to life.
The juror, a Philadelphia resident who works as a media consultant, said she was not aware of all the background at the time she sat on the panel, but has since learned more about the case. At the time, she said, testimony that Nicodemo told authorities he was working on his house "made no sense with the facts presented."
"Now that I know about the big mob trial that was going on during the DiPietro murder, it seems suspicious," she wrote. "The fact that the prosecution wasn't able to substantiate a motive in intriguing."
The juror said she was also troubled by media reports that she had been dismissed because she had read something about the trial in the newspapers. That was not true, she said. She said she was told she was dismissed because a member of either the victim's or the defendant's family had recognized her.
Law enforcement sources said it was a member of Nicodemo's family who belatedly claimed to have recognized the juror. The sources said they were skeptical of the claim and thought the family had targeted the woman because she appeared to be paying close attention to the prosecution's case and appeared sympathetic to DA's position. In fact, the juror said she knew no one from either family and was puzzled about why she had been let go.
Her dismissal, after the lunch break during the second day of testimony, left the panel with one alternate. On May 19, a second juror was let go. And on May 20, amid reports of suspected jury tampering, a third juror -- a man who lived on Second Street in South Philadelphia -- was released. That reduced the panel to just 11 members and led the judge to declare a mistrial.
Whether the defense comes up with another explanation when the new trial begins is open to speculation. With the facts in evidence fairly straightforward, Nicodemo is hard pressed to offer any story that would reasonably explain how his Honda Pilot was the getaway car and how the murder weapon was found inside of it.
The juror, a film buff, said watching a trial is like watching a movie.
"A film and a trial attorney's arguments are distorted depictions of `the truth,' and of course bias,'" she wrote.
Her approach while watching a movie, she wrote, was to "think beyond the frame...Is the person telling the story withholding relevant background information so that the viewer is unable to see an event or character's behavior within its larger context. This is why it's always necessary to ask, `What aren't they telling me? Why aren't they telling me?'"
She said she employs "the principle of Occam's razor" in looking for the truth: "(in most cases) the least elaborately constructed narrative is probably the closest to `the truth.'"
In the Nicodemo trial, she said, her conclusions were: "There was no carjacking. Mister Nicodemo wasn't working on his house. He did a bad thing. He panicked and he got caught. It happens every day."
While she said she weighed and assessed the information provided during the trial, she quickly surmised that Nicodemo "was a mobster" who was involved in the crime. She wrote that she considered different scenarios that were placed before the jury by the defense. These included McMonagle's arguments that it made no sense for Nicodemo to use his own car, go to a familiar neighborhood and carry out a hit. The defense also pointed out that Nicodemo had driven his two young children to school that morning and had gone shopping and purchased $150 worth of frozen shrimp for a planned Christmas Eve Seven Fishes dinner that day. These were not the kind of activities that usually come before a gangland shooting.
The juror said she thought about those seeming incongruities, but she wrote "I ultimately decided that AN [Anthony Nicodemo] was simply a run of the mill sociopath; he could effortlessly move between that banality of his everyday life and his job as an amoral thug."
In one final note, the juror said she was struck by the date of the murder, December 12, 2012.
"The date 12/12/12 seems like a corny date for a planned execution," wrote the jurist. She wondered if the date was "a coincidence," adding that "the 12 card in the Italian Tarot is the Hanged Man."


The single sanction's razor-thin survival of a student vote has prompted the Honor Committee to appoint a study commission, the first such comprehensive review of the University of Virginia Honor System since 2000.
University Advancement and the Women's Center gain new leadership; new leaders appointed to the Board of Visitors; two distinguished Writers-in-Residence come to Grounds.
The University is taking another step toward a better understanding of the brain through its newest initiative: the UVA Brain Institute. Here's what they hope to accomplish through cross-Grounds collaboration in the field of neuroscience.
UVA's 64 club sports teams compete against other colleges, and often bring home championship trophies. Here's a look at four top-performing club teams.
Director of Sports Nutrition Randy Bird helps students plan healthy diets to achieve their full potential. Here's a look at what athletes actually eat.
Men's tennis wins their second consecutive NCAA championship this year and the women's team's Danielle Collins wins her second national title.
Hall of Fame men's lacrosse coach Dom Starsia's impressive stats from a 24-year career run at UVA include 274 victories, the most in ACC history.
A sampling of recently published books by UVA alumni and faculty, available for purchase at the UVA bookstore.
School of Commerce alum Teddy Sears turned from his family's athletic dynasty to pursue a business career, but somehow found himself acting instead. Here's why.
See some of the hidden remnants uncovered during the Rotunda restoration, including a chemical hearth and cistern.
In addition to the difficult task of rebuilding the foundation of the building, the Rotunda was brought up to date on WiFi and other tech.
The Rotunda has always suffered from a leaky roof. From tin-coated shingles to painted copper, learn how the problem was finally solved.
See how workers were able to hoist more than two tons of glass to the top of the Rotunda's dome to replace the historic oculus.
The updated Rotunda clock provides automatic seasonal changes and the ability to restore time after a power failure, among other features.
One of the more visible features of the restoration are the replacement capitals, commissioned from Italy using Jefferson's original specifications.
Next year's entering class will be piloting the new curriculum design, the first major change at UVA in over 40 years. Here's the breakdown of what to expect.
Many readers sent in feedback to the summer cover story "Modern Honor." A selection of letter excerpts appear, along with a letter from the Editor on the Honor System piece.


text:
El meridiano 9 este es una línea de longitud que se extiende desde el Polo Norte atravesando el océano Ártico, Europa, África, océano Atlántico, océano Antártico y la Antártida hasta el Polo Sur.

El meridiano 9 este forma un gran círculo con el meridiano 171 oeste.

Comenzando en el Polo Norte y dirigiéndose hacia el Polo Sur, el meridiano atraviesa:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="125" |Coordenadas
! scope="col" |País, territorio o mar
! scope="col" |Notas
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Océano Ártico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Océano Atlántico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Skagerrak
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Isla de Vendsyssel-Thy
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Limfjord
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Península de Jutland
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Durante 2km
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Durante 16km
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mar Mediterráneo
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mar de Liguria
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Isla de Córcega
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mar Mediterráneo
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Estrecho de Bonifacio
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Isla de Cerdeña
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mar Mediterráneo
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pasando al este de las islas de la Galita,
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-valign="top"
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Océano Atlántico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Golfo de Guinea - Pasando al este de la isla de Bioko,
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Océano Atlántico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Océano Antártico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
! scope="row" | Antártida
| Tierra de la Reina Maud, reclamado por
|-
|}

Véase también
 Meridiano 8 este
 Meridiano 10 este

Líneas de longitud

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: html function doesn't work with any event The following code does not work without onclick or something I can click like if I write an a and then I make onclick="getIPs()" then it will work but without anything it won't. I don't know why it doesn't just write the ip without any events.

A: You've defined your function but you never call it. Now you need to call it by event or in form load getIPs();:

async function getIPs() {
  try {
    const res = await fetch('https://api.ipify.org?format=json');
    const jsonObj = await res.json();
    document.getElementById('adress').textContent = jsonObj.ip;
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
  }
}

getIPs()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ГЕС Huichon 2 – гідроелектростанція у центральній частині Північної Кореї. Знаходячись між ГЕС Huichon 1 та ГЕС Huichon 3, входить до складу каскаду на річці Чхончхонган (Chongchon), яка тече в південно-західному напрямку до впадіння у Західно-Корейску затоку (Жовте море).

В межах проекту Чхончхонган перекрили бетонною греблею Huichon висотою 100 метрів та довжиною 555 метрів. Вона утримує водосховище з об'ємом 550 млн м3, яке поповнюється як за рахунок власного стоку, так і шляхом деривації води із річки Changja (ліва притока Ялуцзян, яка утворює кордон між Північною Кореєю та Китаєм) через ГЕС Huichon 1. Ліворуч біля підніжжя греблі облаштований машинний зал.

Спорудження комплексу почалось у 2001-му та активізувалось у 2009 році після втручання тодішнього очільника країни Кім Чен Іра (помер у 2011-му за два дні після чергової інспекційної поїздки на будівництво комплексу Huichon). Введення станції в експлуатацію припало на весну 2012-го. Влітку наступного року зафіксували активне скидання води через шлюзи, внаслідок чого водосховище було майже спорожнене. Це могло бути викликане необхідністю усунення протікань у греблі.

Наразі наявні лише дані щодо спільної потужності станцій Huichon 1 та Huichon 2, яку визначають на рівні 300 МВт. Останнє робить ці ГЕС найбільшим гідроенергетичним проектом, реалізованим у Північній Кореї в 21 столітті.

Можливо відзначити, що ниче по течії споруджені або знаходяться на етапі будівництва ще 10 гідроелектростанцій (Huichon 3 – Huichon 12), проте потужність цих руслово-греблевих ГЕС невелика – всі разом вони повинні забезпечувати лише 120 МВт.

Примітки

Huichon


Netflix may never fully quantify its viewership for different series, but it's a fair bet that Stranger Things marks one of their biggest successes. So much so, in fact, that Nielsen ratings have produced data claiming that Season 2 earned upwards of fifteen million views for its premiere, and impressive numbers for all nine episodes.
Keep in mind that Netflix itself never condones any outside group attempting to measure its "ratings," but the famed Nielsen group has now turned its sights on Netflix with a look at "audio codes within programming." The data doesn't take into account mobile Netflix streaming, but the numbers claim 15.8 million viewers watched the Stranger Things 2 premiere within three days of its launch, with four million finishing the season altogether.
A total of 361,000 also finished Season 2 within the first twenty-four hours, which could place the series higher on Netflix's own "Binge-Racers" list. It's believed that more firm viewership data could impact talent contracts, as well as library deals for existing series that attract more streams.
We'll see if Netflix steps up to corroborate or debunk Nielsen's report, but might such significant ratings convince the Duffers to rethink Stranger Things' five-season plan?


text:
What is divided into 18 evenly?
1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18.
Q: What is divided into 18 evenly?
Can anything be divided evenly into 18 and 50?
2 can be divided evenly into 18 and 50.
What numbers can be divided evenly by 18?
Any of its multiples
What numbers are evenly divided into 18?
Each of these numbers will go evenly into 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18.
Is 18 divided by 3 evenly?
What is the greatest number that can be divided evenly into 36 72 and 90?
What goes into 20 and 18 evenly?
20 and 18 can both be divided by 2 without remainders.
Is 18 even?
An even number can be divided by 2 evenly. An odd number will have a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. 18 is an even number.
What is the answer to 18 and 45 divided evenly what is th numbera?
What can 11 13 8 14 and 12 all be divided by evenly?
It can not be divided by anything and come out as an evenly. only numbers for example like 0 6 15 21 and 18 if they were divided by three would be able to ccome out evenly.
Can 4 be divided evenly with 12?
What is the remainder when 126 is divided by 18?
Is 18 an even or odd number?
What numbers are relatively prime with 18?
All odd numbers that can not be divided by 3 evenly would be relatively prime with 18.
Can 4 go into 75?
No, not evenly. 75 divided by 4 equals 18 with a remainder of 3.
Can 37 be divided evenly?
no, only composite number can be divided evenly
Are 18 and 20 multiples of 6?
I suggest you do the divisions. If you get an integer, it is a multiple. If you get digits after a decimal point, it is not.18 18 is a multiple of 6 because it can be evenly divided by 6 to equal 3. 20 is not a multiple of 6 because it cannot be evenly divided by 6. 20/6 = 3.3333... .
What does evenly divided mean?
eavenly divided means half of what ever you are evenly dividing
Is 6 a divisor of 18?
Yes. 6 is a divisor of 18, along with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 9 and 18. Each of these numbers can be divided evenly into 18.
Is 18 a divisor of 6 why?
What numbers can be divided by 24 evenly?
An infinite number of of multiples of 24 can be divided by 24 evenly.
Can 19504 be evenly divided by 3?
What is 72 divided by?
72 divided evenly by: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
What is 306 divided by?
306 is divided evenly by: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 17, 18, 34, 51, 102, 153, 306
What Can 558 be divided by?
558 can be divided evenly by: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 31, 62, 93, 186, 279, 558.
90 is divided evenly by: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, 90.


Are you interested in trying a product that will help you to look as though you have had the years rolled back without resorting to surgery? If old-looking, saggy, tired, lined, and wrinkled skin is getting you down, then you need a product you can rely on to actually make a visible difference on your skin. Our research shows that women everywhere are getting great results using LifeCell. This anti aging cream has been developed to work quickly, leaving you with skin that you can be proud of. The active ingredients will work wonders on skin that is looking aged, has lines, crow's feet, dark circles and puffiness, which is why the LifeCell skin care line is so popular.
Knowing where to buy LifeCell products is the key to starting your journey to younger, fresher looking skin, so find out how you can reverse the signs of aging instantly.
The only place that you should ever buy Lifecell South Beach skin care products is via their official website. By doing this you can be positive that you are purchasing the genuine product and not another one trying to make money from the South Beach Skin Care name. Buying substandard products will not only waste you a lot of money, but it is highly unlikely to work.
When you make your purchase via the official website you will also be able to use the money back guarantee if you are not totally satisfied with the product. If you buy elsewhere you will not be covered by this guarantee, which means you will not get your money back for a poor quality product.
The only way that you will be able to see the effectiveness of this facelift in bottle is to buy from a source you can trust – the official website.
All-In-One Anti-Aging Treatment – this is the product that everyone is going crazy for. It works in several ways to tighten the skin, reducing lines and wrinkles while reflecting light away from the creases in the skin. You will find that your skin is softer, smoother and younger looking than ever before, plus it works in just 61 seconds!
Cooling Under Eye Treatment – if you want to reduce puffiness, refresh the eye area, increase the elasticity of the skin around the eyes and minimize dark shadows this is the product for you. Its metal tipped applicator is cool and helps you to instantly refresh the look of your eyes wherever you are.
pH Balanced Cleanser – to make sure that you are really cleaning your skin when you are removing makeup and traces of the day you need a cleanser that is pH balanced. With this product from the LifeCell South Beach Skincare range you can gently clean your skin while moisturizing and cooling at the same time. This is the ideal base for the All-In-One Anti-Aging Treatment.
Anti-Aging Supplement – while you are doing a lot of hard work on the outside you can do even more by taking a supplement that will work on the inside. With this product you can effectively reduce the signs of aging; improve your skin, hair, and nails; and support the joints.
Healthier skin that has better elasticity and is therefore smoother, which will make you look so much younger.
A reduction in the dark circles that can appear under the eyes as you age.
Lines and fine wrinkles will instantly be reduced from the moment that you use the All-In-One Anti-Aging Treatment. So if you want an instant pick me up in a cream this is for you.
Eyes that do not have that puffy appearance thanks to the cooling eye treatment. If you work at a computer all day you will know just how tired your eyes can look, so treat them to a little luxury.
Plumper skin which will not show up lines – a tell tale sign of getting older. As you age your skin sags and this will cause you to look older than you are. By plumping up the skin you will have a much more youthful appearance.
Though some people may find the cost of LifeCell daunting, you should be aware that you can try the anti aging cream for 30 days. So if it ends up not working as you thought it should, you can simply cancel any future orders and there is no risk to you.
I Have Found the Product Elsewhere for Less, Should I Buy it?
No! If you think you have managed to find South Beach Skincare for less on another website you are looking at an inferior product. So many people are trying to jump on the LifeCell skin products bandwagon that they have designed their products to look the same. But they don't act the same when you use them. These products will not work in seconds and they will not help you to look years and years younger.
Remember the only way you can try out the powerful ingredients in this skin care range is to order from the genuine website. If you order from somewhere else you will not be getting what you paid for and you will still be left with old looking skin that is in need of some TLC.
LifeCell Anti Aging Cream: Erase Wrinkles in 61 Seconds?
DOes lifecell work on bags under the eyes?
Please let me know if that link doesn't work for you in India, and I will get you a different link. Thanks!
Hi Kimberly – You can find a link to the official website at the bottom of the post above.
HOW WELL DOES LIFE CELL WORK ON LAUGH LINES / PARENTHESIS?
Hi Suzanne – I can't say from personal experience, because I don't have laugh lines/parentheses (YET, but I know they're coming!), but my mom uses LifeCell and is happy with the improvement she sees in her laugh lines. They don't *completely* disappear on her, but they are so much improved that it's pretty impressive, and she's super happy with it. If you decide to try for yourself, I'd love to know how it works for you!
Hi Diana – LifeCell costs $189 for a two-month supply, but there is a risk-free trial where you only pay a small shipping fee to try out the cream for 30 days to see if it works for you. If you love it and decide to keep it, you don't have to do anything – LifeCell will ship you the full-size two-month supply and charge you the $189. If you decide it's not for you, you will need to return the trial jar before the 30 days are up, and you will get your money back.
Hope that helps, and thanks for your comment!
I have rosesa will this product help me?
Hi MaryAnn – LifeCell is my favorite anti-aging cream, but I wouldn't recommend it for rosacea. I'd recommend a product that contains licorice root extract for redness, like Eucerin Redness Relief.
I'm interested in this product for myself however living in the uk we have to pay import tax from the U.S. Do you have a link to the costs so I can work out my additional charges please?
Hi Keeley – I just asked a rep at LifeCell your question, and he says the total cost for shipping to the UK is $14.50, but he wasn't sure about any additional import taxes.
Where can i buy this product without a credit card?
ARE THERE ANY RETAIL LOCATIONS THAT SELL THIS PRODUCT?
None that I've been able to find – but good news is the best place to buy really is from the official company website, since you get the free trial and the money-back guarantee.
I would appreciate if you let me know how I can get one in Kenya.
Hi Lucy – I just checked with South Beach customer service, and they unfortunately do not ship to Kenya at this time. However, if you know someone who lives in the US, UK, Australia, or Canada (or one of the other countries that South Beach ships to), you could have them order it for you and send it to you – just an idea.
I have been told I could buy cheaper in Aust but I have found the opposite to be true.
What's the address to buy with check.,where do a mail the two posted checks please.
Would Ike to try the 30 days free trail.
Is this LifeCell cream only used on your face or can I use it on neck lines and be able to see some difference?? I have yet been able to find any kind of "neck cream" that works even a little. This product would be wonderful if it would work on both areas.
Also, I see that you can purchase LifecCell products such as cleanser, eye cream, moisturizer but I have been unable to find any price list for products (even on their official site).
Hi Bonnie – yes, you can certainly use LifeCell on your neck to reduce visibility of lines and improve firmness. For the other products created by the makers of LifeCell, I had trouble finding information on those, too. I'll keep searching and will post again if I find out anything.
I would like you to tell me on how i can buy this miraculous product and how much it can cost to reach me am 45 years of age. I want it urgently.
Hi Rael – LifeCell is $189 for 2-month supply. I checked with LifeCell customer support, and unfortunately they do not ship to Kenya. But perhaps if you have a friend or relative in the US, Canada, UK, or Australia you could have them order it for you and send it to you?
Hi Paula – I checked with LifeCell customer service and they said yes, they do ship to post office boxes.
Where can i buy this product in Australia?
Hi Indra – Just click the link in the post above to order from Lifecell's official website.
hi Zoe where can i buy lifecell in Dubai?
Hi Barrak – you can check out the link in the post above – that will take you to the official LifeCell web site, where you can order the risk free trial – and they will ship it directly to you.
How long does it's effects last per application?
Hi Rich – It lasts for me until I wash it off – so about 12 – 14 hrs or so. Plus, the ingredients promote long-term improvements to your skin, as well.


text:
Louis was set up
Ken Foy and Melanie Finn
June 28 2011 11:15 AM
LOUIS Walsh's accuser has sensationally admitted telling lies.
Now fully cleared of the fabricated assault, a relieved Louis told the Herald his "nightmare" was over. The allegations against Louis were totally made up and the accuser has admitted this to gardai.
"It's fantastic, I'm just so relieved I've been vindicated," he said. "I heard last night about it and I'm delighted. It's such a relief to have it all over."
The accuser last night admitted to gardai he had fabricated the claims against the X-Factor judge.
The 24-year-old father-of-three from Co Meath is now likely to be charged with a number of offences including wasting police time.
Louis today told the Herald: "It's great to get back to work and get back to normal. This has been like a nightmare.
"I always said I was innocent and now I've been cleared, I just want to put it all behind me. It's been so awful for myself and my family."
Louis was vindicated after detectives discovered that claims he indecently assaulted a man at a nightclub are completely false.
The extraordinary development occurred late last night when Walsh's accuser broke down and admitted that he was not groped in a toilet by Walsh at acelebrity hangout Krystle.
A source explained: "Louis Walsh is in the clea. He has absolutely no case to answer. The same cannot be said of the individual who lied to gardai about what happened."
It is now expected that Louis' accuser, who comes from Navan, Co Meath, will be arrested and charged with making a false statement to gardai – an offence that carries a maximum sentence of five years in jail.
The Herald can reveal that in the latest version of events the man told to gardai, he claims he was indecently assaulted in Krystle nightclub on April 10 but that Louis Walsh was not responsible.
A source close to the investigation described how gardai became suspicious when the accuser's story began to change.
"This man stuck to his story steadfastly for days but cracks began to appear in it.
"He finally cracked at 10pm last night while being questioned at his home in Co Meath."
Louis is due to judge X-Factor auditions in Cardiff today in his first public appearance since the shocking allegations came to light last week.
Gardai are now probing whether his accuser invented the allegations in an attempt to sell his story.
The man behind the explosive sex assault claims was previously accused of attacking a woman.
The charges were struck out but he was found guilty of breaching a barring order and got 120 hours of community service in lieu of four months in jail last June.
The man told gardai that he was indecently assaulted in the a toilet in Krystle nightclub in the Russell Court Hotel on Harcourt Street at around 3am on Sunday, April 10.
He told officers that he was in a cubicle in the toilet when the alleged incident took place.
It is understood that Mr Walsh and the man had been talking earlier in a bar in the hotel before Mr Walsh went to Krystle after attending a Westlife concert at the O2.
Mr Walsh met detectives on Friday at the Four Seasons Hotel in Dublin's Ballsbridge where he gave officers a full account of his activities and movements in the early hours of April 10.
The meeting took place in the presence of Mr Walsh's legal team and he denied the allegation against him.
The man originally told gardai that he went to the toilets in Krystle when Walsh appeared behind him and allegedly molested him.
He left the nightclub and then, on the street outside, the man reported the alleged incident to a uniformed garda patrolling the area.
The man then went to the Mater Hospital where he was examined for evidence of a sexual assault. Staff at the hospital reported the complaint to gardai. The complaint was taken by Pearse Street Garda station. The man made a formal statement to detectives there.
It is understood that gardai are now in the process of preparing a file for the DPP with a view to charging the man under section 12(a) of the Criminal Law Act 1976 - which is the offence of making a false statement to gardai.
A source pointed out: "Making a false statement – especially in relation to any kind of sexual matter – is a very grave offence.
"The anguish caused for the victim and the waste of Garda resources really make this a very serious issue."
Michael O'Doherty: Louis has won... but he's lost his trust in people
Under normal circumstances, I would hate to say 'I told you so'. But in this case, I'm absolutely delighted to shout it from the highest rooftop -- Louis was 100pc innocent all along. I told you so.
Editorial: Let's hope Louis will bounce back
A collective sigh of relief today greets the news that the allegations of sexual assault against Louis Walsh are totally untrue.