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Home › Claims › Medical Negligence
Medical negligence (also known as clinical negligence) occurs when the actions taken by a medical professional - such as a doctor, nurse, surgeon, or dentist - to treat a patient fall short of the expected standard of care. It makes no difference if the negligence takes place at an NHS facility or a private clinic, as all medical staff have a duty of care towards their patients.
We handle the vast majority of medical negligence claims on a no win no fee basis, meaning that if you've been injured due to the negligence of a medical professional, you can get access to justice without having to spend a fortune.
Call now on 0800 234 6438 or Claim Online
Types of medical negligence
Medical negligence can cover a wide range of areas, and some of the types of claims we deal with include:
Botched cosmetic surgery
Optician negligence
Surgical errors or mistakes
The list above is a small example of the types of medical negligence claims we deal with. If your case doesn't fit in to any of the categories mentioned, don't worry - we handle many other claims that don't fall neatly into any category.
Proving negligence and the Bolam Test
In order for a medical negligence claim to be successful, there are four main requirments which must be met. The first of these is the easiest to prove: that the medical professional in question had a duty of care towards the injured patient. This is automatically the case if the victim of clinical negligence was being treated by the accused medical personnel.
The second and third requirements, liability and causation, fall under something known as the Bolam Test. Liability is established by showing that the actions of the medical professional accused of negligence were something that no other expert in the field would have undertaken. Causation is used to show that the injuries inflicted would not have happened if different action had been taken. This is determined if there is found to be a greater than 50% chance that the action caused the personal injuries.
The fourth and final element that needs to be shown is that the losses and damages caused were not too "remote". This means that the negligence must have had a direct effect on the victim for compensation to be paid. For example, if a doctor makes a mistake and a patient requires a limb amputation directly due to this mistake, then compensation should cover these injuries. On the other hand, if a doctor misdiagnoses a patient with terminal cancer, the doctor cannot be held accountable if the patient spends all their money on frivolous pursuits; however, they will still be liable for compensation for the misdiagnosis if it caused pain and suffering, or loss of earnings if the victim had to quit their job.
Time limitations on medical negligence claims
British law places a three-year time limit from the date of the accident or injury to initiate legal proceedings. However, there are situations when the time limit begins at a different date, and this commonly happens in cases of medical negligence.
The first exception is when it is not immediately apparent that treatment was negligent, or that an injury was inflicted. As an example, a patient who attends hospital for an operation and has a piece of surgical equipment left in their body has three years to make a claim from the date the mistake is discovered, rather than from the date of the surgery.
The second exception is if the victim is under the age of 18. When this is the case, the three year time limit begins from the date of the person's 18th birthday.
Occasionally, a judge may decide that the time limit should not apply, but this does not happen very often.
Claiming as a litigation friend
In incidents of medical negligence involving children or people with diminished mental capacity, it is obviously impossible for them to launch legal proceedings on their own behalf. Injured children can wait until they are 18, but it is also possible for someone - usually a parent or guardian - to be appointed as what is known as a "litigation friend". A litigation friend can make a compensation claim on behalf of the injured party, and will act in their best interests.
The NHS Litigation Authority
The NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) handles all claims of medical negligence made against the NHS. Whether you make a claim against an individual NHS doctor or medical facility, the NHSLA will be involved in trying to settle the claim. In fact, only around 2% of claims made against the NHS actually reach court.
The authority has reported a steady increase in the number of clinical negligence claims over the past six years. In 2007/08 there were 5,470 claims of medical negligence made against the NHS, but the number had jumped to 10,129 by 2012/13. The chart below shows the number of negligence claims made over the past six years.
Length of time to settle a claim
In most claims made against the NHS, the NHS Litigation Authority aims to reach a settlement as swiftly as possible. The vast majority of cases don't reach court - if liability is obvious, and injuries were caused by the negligence, the NHSLA will attempt to make a reasonable offer of compensation within a year.
In more complex medical negligence cases it can sometimes be a matter of years before compensation is awarded. This may be because the injuries sustained are so severe that it takes years to determine the full impact they have on the claimant's life. You should not, however, let this deter you from seeking justice. If you've been badly injured, you deserve compensation, and the fact that taking on a hospital, clinic or even the NHS can seem daunting should not be allowed to put you off. Remember that our expert lawyers will be by your side every step of the way and will do their utmost to ensure that you receive the compensation that will, even if only in a small way, help you to put your life back together.
For claims against private practices, the speed of settlement can vary as different clinics and facilities will have different insurance companies, with contrasting methods of dealing with claims. However, whether claiming against the NHS or a private organisation, Claims4Free's medical negligence solicitors have the expertise to help you win the compensation you are due.
Starting a claim for clinical negligence
If you would like more information on the process of making a medical negligence claim, or if you want to proceed with a claim right away, then get in touch with us by calling 0800 234 6438, or submitting your details online. Provide as much information as you can about matters such as what medical problems you were suffering, when and where your treatment started, its chronological progress, the names of any practitioners involved and the exact details of what you feel went wrong (it may help to write it all down before you call us). If you've got a viable claim we'll let you know, and we'll do our very best to ensure your claim for compensation is successful.
Medical Negligence FAQs
How does medical negligence differ from other injury claims?
Can I claim for birth injury?
Is there any difference between claiming from the NHS and a private clinic?
How long after the medical negligence occurred am I eligible to make a claim?
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*Disclaimer: Although this site is updated as often as possible the information provided may not accurately reflect the current laws, procedures and/or facilities available to you. To ensure that you get the most up to date information make sure you consult an actual injury solicitor before pursuing any action. The articles on this site are for informational purposes only and are not intended to advise any particular action or inaction. Please read our terms of use for more information.
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text:
Fresh Meat Tour
Venue:Morris Dailey Auditorium
(San Jose State University)
April 11: performance and Q&A
Address: Click here to view map
Tickets: FREE!
CLAREMONT COLLEGES
Dates: April 12-13, 2012
April 12: performance
April 13: workshop
Venue: Benson Auditorium, Pitzer College
Address: 1050 North Mills Avenue,
Doors Opens at: 7:15 PM
Event at: 7:30pm – 9:00pm
Phone #: 909-607-1817 or 909-607-8315
Website for info: http://www.pomona.edu/administration/qrc/index.aspx
SHE ROCKS, HE MOVES
AND FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER, THESE NATIONAL ARTISTS ARE TOURING TOGETHER!
The Fresh Meat Tour is an explosion of transgender politics, performance and dance: it's a full-length performance featuring solo work by award-winning choreographer Sean Dorsey and trailblazing folk-punk musician Shawna Virago.
Sean and Shawna bring their powerful solo work to the University of San Jose on April 11, and to Claremont Colleges (with the support of the Queer Resource Center) on April 12 and 13. Don't miss the opportunity to see these trailblazing trans artists!
Sean and Shawna have been profiled in Out Magazine, Curve Magazine, PBS and NPR – and have played to sold-out audiences from New York to Los Angeles. They've collaborated with artists including Kate Bornstein, the Wachowski Brothers (directors, The Matrix) and Antony and the Johnsons.
Book this Tour now for your college, university, school or theater! Sean and Shawna have facilitated hundreds of LGBT workshops, trainings and regularly host panel discussions and Q&A's pre-or-post-show, so there are lots opportunities for audience and/or student participation at your college or theater! Contact freshmeatinfo@gmail.com for rates and details.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm a old widower who enjoys a lot of things in my mind but to sly to do it.
I'm a man who experimented with crossdressing. In doing so I learned I love people who like to be feminine and girly. No matter what you were born with, I'd love to be your man and you my girl.


were the blood tests I had today while S was asleep here. Also Pam the counsellor phoned for S but I took the call because he was still in bed (on mattress). She asked if she could bring back his gear because she didn't want him "upsetting the household". S got up so completed the phonecall himself. She has been and gone and S paid 2 weeks in advance and has nothing to show for it now. Once again, his needs will be met at my expense when I can least afford it.
The test for Addison's disease is $372.75 and Medicare only rebates $107 so at the moment I cannot afford it. It seems I am out of pocket with the last lot of tests too. I made enquiries. Nothing they can do.


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Washington Insider/
Impacts of Tariffs
Washington Insider -- Wednesday
6/5/2019 | 6:15 AM CDT
By DTN's Washington Insider
Here's a quick monitor of Washington farm and trade policy issues from DTN's well-placed observer.
US Responds To China 'White Paper' On Trade Situation
U.S. officials released a statement countering the claims made by China in a "white paper" issued Monday, which laid the blame for the breakdown in U.S.-China trade talks on the U.S. side for making changes to the potential agreement, the same contention levied by the U.S. side.
The China action, a statement from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and U.S. Treasury Department said the allegations raised by China represent and effort to "pursue a blame game misrepresenting the nature and history of trade negotiations between the two countries." The statement outlined the actions that led up to recent negotiations, noting that after "months hard work and candid and constructive discussions, the parties had reached agreement on a number of important matters," the statement said. "In wrapping up the final important issues, however, the Chinese moved away from previously agreed-upon provisions."
The statement pointed out that the negotiations were prompted in part by "China's long history of unfair trade practices." The U.S. negotiating positions during the months of talks has been "consistent," with China being the party who "back-pedaled on important elements of what the parties had agreed to," the statement said, with a key one being "the need for enforceability, a position necessitated by China's history of making commitments that it fails to keep."
The U.S. insisting on "detailed and enforceable commitments from the Chinese in no way constitutes a threat to Chinese sovereignty," the statement said. "Rather, the issues discussed are common to trade agreements and are necessary to address the systemic issues that have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits."
China has again responded to the U.S. comments, with the Commerce Ministry saying that it is "common" for there to be revisions and suggestions during trade negotiations and are insisting that "dialogue and negotiations" be used to resolve frictions and differences between the two sides.
Ag Provisions In Disaster Aid Package
The $19.1 billion disaster aid plan does contain specific portions that address agriculture.
The bill provides just over $3 billion to farmers whose crops and livestock were destroyed by storms and flooding. Most of the farmer disaster aid will be administered through the Wildfires and Hurricanes Indemnity Program (WHIP) – used in response to 2017 hurricane losses.
However, the bill includes some important enhancements to WHIP and although murky, the language includes assistance for prevented planted acres.
Farmers and ranchers would get $558 million for conservation programs to rehabilitate damaged farmlands, while $480 million would go towards forest restoration efforts. Rural communities would receive $150 million for facilities offering health care, education and other services, and Puerto Rico would get $600 million in nutrition benefits.
The legislation also allows producers making more than $900,000 per year to receive trade aid payments from USDA if 75 percent of their income comes from farming, ranching or forestry.
Washington Insider: Impacts of Tariffs
There is growing concern about the administration's "get tough" trade policies, the New York Times says — and that the tariffs the administration has become "so fond of" could more than wipe out gains from the recent $1.5 trillion tax cut for low- and middle-income earners."
Investors, bond markets and Wall Street analysts appear "increasingly alarmed" by the potential slowdown in growth that could result from the administration's trade escalations, including the plan to impose tariffs of up to 25% on Mexican goods and to tax everything that China imports into the United States. In addition, the White House is mulling tariffs on imported automobiles from Europe and Japan, the Times says.
Analysts have abruptly changed their forecasts for Federal Reserve policy this year as the trade fight begins to affect "everything from South Korean washing machines to Japanese steel rebars to Chinese semiconductors," the Times says.
In addition, Mexican officials argued on Monday that tariffs aimed at immigration were "likely to backfire" on the United States as their financial cost leads to more economic trouble and job loss in Mexico, increasing the wave of migrants headed north.
Jesus Seade, the deputy foreign minister for North America, noted that auto parts often cross the border as many as eight times as they travel through the supply chain, meaning a 5% tariff on each crossing could quickly compound and exact a much higher economic toll on both countries.
The president insists that his tariffs are not hurting Americans and that his trade policy will help create jobs and investment in the United States. Others are not convinced, and lawmakers and economists are starting to worry openly about the economic toll of the trade war the Times said.
For example, Sen. John Thune of South Dakota, the No. 2 Senate Republican, said his colleagues were clearly uneasy with the new plan to impose tariffs on Mexico. "I think the president has done a lot of really good things for the economy," he said. "We've seen growth and jobs and wages all moving in the right direction. And I don't know why we would want to step on that."
Economists say the tariffs already amount to a significant tax increase on Americans by raising the prices of goods they buy, according to new studies from the Tax Foundation in Washington and the Penn Wharton Budget Model at the University of Pennsylvania. The damage is concentrated, as a percent of income, at the lowest rungs of American income earners, who spend a larger share of their salaries on imports than the upper middle class and the rich.
Additional tariffs on Mexico and China would wipe out all or most of the benefits of the 2017 tax cuts for low- and middle-income Americans, the analyses found. Higher-income Americans would still be net winners from the new policies, but their benefits would be diminished as well.
"Once you start adding in the tariffs and start talking about what the administration wants to do at the end of the day," said Kyle Pomerleau, the chief economist at the Tax Foundation, which produced its analysis at the request of The New York Times, "it gets harder and harder for the administration to claim that they are cutting taxes for the middle class."
The Tax Foundation projects widespread benefits from the tax cuts with the largest gains concentrated among high earners. However, its new analysis of the distributional effects of the imposed and threatened tariffs finds widespread harm to most Americans, who would pay higher prices on imported goods.
Accounting for both the tax cuts and the full range of tariffs, the Tax Foundation model also finds that the tariffs would almost entirely offset the federal revenue losses from the tax cuts, raising about $200 billion next year against a $230 billion loss from the cuts.
The findings are echoed by projections from the Penn Wharton Budget Model, which forecast more modest benefits from the new tax law than the Tax Foundation did.
The Penn Wharton researchers found increased costs of consumer goods would more than offset the benefits of tax cuts for the lowest-earning Americans next year assuming all the China and Mexico tariffs but not those on autos. Workers earning median incomes would see most, but not all, of their benefits wiped out. A typical middle-class taxpayer would expect to receive about $471 in 2020 from the tax cuts, the researchers found, but tariffs would reduce that benefit to $159.
"Ultimately, the tariffs make all consumers worse off," said Richard Prisinzano, a senior economist at the Penn Wharton Budget Model. "The question is how much worse off."
So, the administration appears to be finding that its argument that tariffs do not affect U.S. consumers is a difficult sell, even when there is agreement that trade reforms are needed. Still, a number of officials are deeply dug in on the strong and far-reaching tariff proposals aimed at reducing pressure on the southern border, a debate producers should watch closely as it proceeds, Washington Insider believes.
Want to keep up with events in Washington and elsewhere throughout the day? See DTN Top Stories, our frequently updated summary of news developments of interest to producers. You can find DTN Top Stories in DTN Ag News, which is on the Main Menu on classic DTN products and on the News and Analysis Menu of DTN's Professional and Producer products. DTN Top Stories is also on the home page and news home page of online.dtn.com. Subscribers of MyDTN.com should check out the US Ag Policy, US Farm Bill and DTN Ag News sections on their News Homepage.
If you have questions for DTN Washington Insider, please email edit@dtn.com
(GH\SK)


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First Look at Kristen Wiig as Cheetah in Wonder Woman: 1984
Posted By: Scott Roepelon: June 28, 2018 In: Tags: DCComics, superhero1 Comment
Director of Wonder Woman, Patty Jenkins, hit Twitter to show fans a glimpse of Kristen Wiig as villain Barbara Minerva, AKA Cheetah, in Wonder Woman: 1984. For those not aware, in the comics, Cheetah is known to be the archenemy of Wonder Woman. Dr. Minerva was born an heiress to a large fortune and became an archaeologist who studied a tribe in Africa. Now, there is no telling how her DC comics origins will translate to the big screen, so we will have to wait to see what Jenkins does with the character.
Enter Barbara Minerva… #WW84 pic.twitter.com/56f8Diu7So
— Patty Jenkins (@PattyJenks) June 27, 2018
While it's not Kristen Wiig looking like Cheetah, the photo shows her as Dr. Barbara Minerva. From the photo, there isn't much to tell about her story at all. We see Wiig dressed in 80s style attire standing in a museum surrounded by stuffed animals that all appear to be from Africa. She's staring at something that's just off camera, but one can assume it could only be a cheetah. As for what Cheetah's outfit will be, we may have to wait to find out when the sequel opens.
Jenkins post comes two weeks after she tweeted photos of lead superhero Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman and the return of pilot Steve Trevor. Which is odd due to his fate at the end of the first Wonder Woman flick.
Welcome to WONDER WOMAN 1984, Steve Trevor! #WW84 pic.twitter.com/BCLARdVuTu
Wonder Woman faced a devastating opponent in Ares during her first blockbuster hit, so it will be interesting to see how she will face off against Cheetah. We don't know much about the sequel other than its title Wonder Woman: 1984. It's obviously set in the 80s and the villain is Cheetah. The 2017 film was a smash at the box office and showed the DC universe can produce great films. Will the sequel be enough to trip Marvel up? Fans will have to wait until November 1, 2019, to find out.
Scott Roepel
Scott's been gaming since he could hold a controller in his hands. He's a journalist who loves Dungeons and Dragons, video games, tabletop RPGs, and comic books. He has an intelligence of 6, he knows what he's doing.
Tags: DCComicssuperhero
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Implementing Row level security in SAP Business Objects 4 using the Security Editor and creating a Data Security Profile from the Information Design Tool.
Implementing Row level security in Business Objects universe using the BOUSER variable. Thanks, Naresh.
ANNOUNCEMENT :: Introducing the NEW http://LetsLearnBI.com ::: Please post your questions in the forum on our site.
Learn how to use Query as a Web Service.
Visit us at http://www.sap.com/LearnBI to view our full catalog of interactive SAP BusinessObjects BI Suite tutorials.
SAP BO 4.1 SP5 End to End Training Videos (Installation,Administration,Development,Support) with session notes on www.OnlineElearnings.com.
Learn how to create an ODBC connection to be able to connect and create a SAP Business Objects Universe. For more see http://technology-advisors.net.
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SAP BI How to create hierarchies Part1.


What is a Proof of Funds Letter?
Proof of Funds letters are frequently required by real estate agents prior to them agreeing to submit any offers to sellers. Many times Proof of Funds letters are required along with a purchase offer contract in real estate transactions.
Cogo Capital® makes it incredibly easy to generate a Proof of Funds letter to provide to real estate agents or other interested parties.The intended use for our Proof of Funds letter is to give you, the investor, a letter to provide to the necessary parties involved in your real estate transactions that shows you are either pre-qualified or have the funds to purchase real estate.
Proof of fund letters are not available online for investment properties located in Arizona, Minnesota, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont.Proof of funds letters are not available online for more than $500,000. If you enter an amount more that $500,000, it will be reduced to $500,000.Proof of funds letters for a single loan collateralized by more than a single property are not available online.Information required to complete a proof of funds letter includes: Your business or entity name (Cogo Capital does not provide funding on real estate investments to individuals, only enities), the investment property's full address and the expected loan amount.Please call COGO Capital at 800-747-1104 for more information on any of these listed limitations .Cogo Capital provides funds to investors for the purchase of non-owner occupied, residential property (investment property with four units or less) or commercial property (through partners) in most states. We are not responsible for the misuse of our Proof of Funds letter in anyway, nor will refunds be granted for typographical errors, any other inaccuracies, or for failing to comply with the notices above. A Proof of Funds Letter in no way obligates Cogo Capital to you in any way.
Copyright © 2019 Powered by Cogo Capital ® | All rights reserved.


text:
Astrobiologists Propose Promising New Method for Detecting Alien Life
© NASA . JPL-Caltech
https://sputniknews.com/science/201707221055779118-astrobiologists-new-alien-detection-method/
A new paper from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has outlined a new technique for discovering the existence of simple life elsewhere in the universe - such as Enceladus, a watery moon of Saturn that NASA believes may host to microbic life.
In April, NASA announced that their Cassini probe had taken a sample from a water plume bursting from a crack in Enceladus' ice surface. The plume contained signs of organic life, such as liquid hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. Although they weren't certain, NASA announced that they believed it possible for simple life to live on the ocean floor of Enceladus, eating methane that emits from thermal vents.
Cassini doesn't have enough fuel to make another sojourn to Enceladus, but if NASA sends a second probe to take a sample from one of the moon's water jets, they want to be able to confirm whether or not there were microbes in the sample.
© AFP 2019 / HO/NASA
Alien Life: 'Enceladus is Not the Only Body That May Have Conditions for Life'
Any such plan would face numerous obstacles. The microbes could be destroyed during their journey up, or in the probe's collection process. But worst of all, it may be much more difficult than expected to identify the microbes as living things.
"It's harder to distinguish between a microbe and a speck of dust than you'd think," said Jay Nadeau, research professor of medical engineering and aerospace in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science at Caltech, to phys.org. "The hardest thing about bacteria is that they just don't have a lot of cellular features. Sometimes telling the difference between them and sand grains is very difficult."
"You have to differentiate between Brownian motion, which is the random motion of matter, and the intentional, self-directed motion of a living organism." Nadeau explained that the movements of simple organisms can give them unique biosignatures that would allow scientists to identify them as living things instead of more traditional methods such as chemical tests.
© CC0 / Pixabay
Is There Life on Mars? US Government Grills NASA on Red Planet's Alien History
Thus, Nadeau's paper proposes the use of a device called a digital holographic microscope. The device uses a laser to bounce light off an object, and then it examines the light that is returned. By studying the scattering and phase of the light sample, the microscope can then reconstruct a 3D version of the image.
"Digital holographic microscopy allows you to see and track even the tiniest of motions," Nadeau said. She added that the device can also interact with fluorescent dyes that only bind with specific life indicators (such as lipids, nucleic acids, proteins or sugars). This can tell the scientist "what the microbes are made of."
Enceladus is the ideal candidate to perfect these techniques, Nadeau says. It is relatively close to Earth (on a cosmic scale, that is) and the water jets that periodically fly miles above the moon's surface mean that there's no need for a costly, finicky landing. Instead, a probe can simply pass through one of the jets and collect another sample, then use its digital holographic microscope to identify microbes.
© AP Photo / NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/PSI
There May Be Alien Life in Our Solar System, NASA Announces
Already, Nadeau and her team have tested the microscope on frigid, low-bacteria water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean. The microscope was able to identify the presence of life in a density of 1,000 cells per milliliter — one of the lowest microbe population densities one is likely to find on Earth. They intend to test it again, this time on water samples from Antarctica.
Nadeau says that her microscope is also fairly simple, with few moving parts, and can test samples with impressive speed (one milliliter per hour). These properties make it ideal for astrobiology.
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astronomy, space, robotic probe, alien life, alien, CalTech, Enceladus, California


text:
In Dialogue with Niger, Experts of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances Ask about Cases Involving Armed Groups, and Cases Overseen by Military Courts
The Committee on Enforced Disappearances today concluded its consideration of the initial report of Niger on how it implements the provisions of the International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, with Committee Experts asking about disappearances involving armed groups, and about military courts overseeing disappearance cases.
A Committee Expert said that over the past 10 years, armed groups had committed numerous abuses against civilian populations, leading to great internal displacement. Those abuses had also included acts amounting to enforced disappearances, as people were abducted and removed from the protection of the law by armed groups. Did the State party keep an up-to-date list of attacks by armed groups in which enforced disappearances had been committed? Which attacks had been investigated, and what were the outcomes of investigations?
Another Expert asked who appointed military court judges, and were those courts subject to civilian oversight? What processes were in place to assess accountability when State bodies were responsible for enforced disappearance?
Ikta Abdoulaye Mohamed, Minister of Justice of Niger and head of delegation, said in opening remarks that the countries of the Sahel, including Niger, were facing a serious security crisis due to attacks that had become almost daily, from numerous non-State armed groups. Those attacks led to human rights violations and worsened the humanitarian situation. Despite the situation, Niger subscribed to upholding the values established by the Committee. The State had made considerable efforts to improve the human rights situation in general and enforced disappearance in particular.
In the ensuing discussion, the delegation explained that armed groups were responsible for the majority of enforced disappearances. Security forces were working to capture those groups and to bring to justice those responsible for enforced disappearances. If a military official was responsible for enforced disappearance, a military court would oversee the case, and a civilian court would oversee civilian cases. Processes were the same in military and civilian courts. Niger had ensured that its military courts handed down impartial decisions. There were always at least two civilian judges in military courts. The military justice code had been applicable since 2003. All matters not addressed by the military court were returned to civilian courts.
In closing remarks, Mr. Abdoulaye Mohamed thanked the Committee for the constructive dialogue, adding that the Committee could rely on Niger's good faith and cooperation with implementing concluding observations.
Carmen Rosa Villa Quintana, Committee Chairperson, said the dialogue was an opportunity for cooperation with the State toward a mutual goal of eliminating enforced disappearance.
The delegation of Niger was made up of representatives of the National Deputy; President of the High Authority for the Protection of Personal Data; Chief Counsellor for the Prime Minister; Inter-Ministerial Committee responsible for drafting reports to Treaty and Universal Periodic Review bodies; Ministry of Justice; Attorney General at the Court of Appeals of Niamey; Niamey Police Commander; Director of the Judicial Police; and the Permanent Mission of Niger to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
The Committee will issue its concluding observations and recommendations on the report of Niger at the end of its twenty-second session, which concludes on 8 April. Those, and other documents relating to the Committee's work, including reports submitted by States parties, will be available on the session's Web page. The Web cast of the Committee's public meetings can be accessed at http://webtv.un.org/.
The Committee is next scheduled to meet in public at 5 p.m. on Friday 8 April, to close its twenty-second session.
The Committee has before it the initial periodic report of Niger (CED/C/NER/1).
Presentation of the Report
IKTA ABDOULAYE MOHAMED, Minister of Justice of Niger and head of delegation, said that Niger attached great importance to the remarkable work of the Committee to strengthen the protection of persons from enforced disappearance. The State welcomed cooperation with the Committee and gave its full support to the constructive dialogue. The Niger delegation would endeavour to explain the State's legal framework and its practices in the fight against enforced disappearances. Niger had ratified the Convention on 24 July 2015. In accordance with article 29, it had submitted its initial report in August 2019. The report had been developed by the Inter-Ministerial Committee responsible for drafting Niger's reports to the human rights treaty bodies and the Universal Periodic Review, following an inclusive participatory process involving ministerial departments, public institutions, civil society organizations and partners. Niger was up-to-date in the submission of its reports to human rights treaty bodies and the Universal Periodic Review.
The countries of the Sahel, including Niger, were facing a serious security crisis due to attacks that had become almost daily, from numerous non-State armed groups. Those attacks led to human rights violations and worsened the humanitarian situation. Despite the situation, Niger subscribed to upholding the values established by the Committee. The State had made considerable efforts to improve the human rights situation in general and enforced disappearance in particular. There had been a peaceful transfer of power on 2 April 2021 between two democratically elected Presidents of the Republic, following a free and transparent election. A number of international instruments and legislative human rights measures had also been adopted. A draft law criminalising acts of enforced disappearance had been adopted by the Council of Ministers on 24 February 2022. The law was in conformity with the requirements of the Convention.
Niger was aware that difficulties still remained in the implementation of the Convention, mainly linked to terrorism and transnational organized crime, but the country counted on the support of the international community to overcome those obstacles. The President of the Republic of Niger promoted good governance and respect for human rights for all, and did not tolerate any impunity for the perpetrators of acts of enforced disappearance or any other proven violation of human rights.
Mr Mohamed expressed thanks to the Committee for their interest in the State and assured it that the delegation would cooperatively answer any questions it had.
Questions by Committee Experts
A Committee Expert noted that Niger's National Human Rights Commission had an "A" ranking, but lacked financial, material and human resources. What actions was the State party taking to solve that problem? The Commission reportedly received logistical and financial support from "partners." Who were those partners, and did that support compromise the body's impartiality? Further, the Committee Expert brought up the need to incorporate the prohibition of enforced disappearance into domestic law. What progress had been made toward that goal? The Expert also noted that limitation of rights led to abuses and increased the risk of enforced disappearance. What limitations of rights could be imposed on persons deprived of their liberty in relation to the fight against terrorism?
The Expert also noted that there were provisions related to the responsibility of superiors in Law 2020-05 in relation to torture, but such provisions were not applicable in cases of enforced disappearance. Law 2002-05 stated that no one was obliged to execute a manifestly illegal order, unless the order was made in response to a serious disturbance of public order. Were there efforts to change those laws?
Another Committee Expert noted a lack of statistical data on missing persons. Did the State plan to establish such statistics? Over the past 10 years, armed groups had committed numerous abuses against civilian populations, leading to great internal displacement. Those abuses had also included acts amounting to enforced disappearances, as people were abducted and removed from the protection of the law by armed groups. Two examples of such incidents were the attacks by Boko Haram in Bosso on 6 February 2015 and in Nguelewa on 2 July 2017. Human Rights Watch had deplored that there had been only "a few investigations into the killings of civilians by armed Islamist groups" in Niger. Did the State party keep an up-to-date list of attacks by armed groups in which enforced disappearances had been committed? Which attacks had been investigated, and what were the outcomes of investigations? To what extent did the State use mutual legal assistance in criminal matters with neighbouring States or members of the G5-Sahel force? Could Niger's national courts exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction over acts of enforced disappearance, regardless of the nationality of the perpetrator or victim of the crime?
The Committee Expert also addressed the "Operation Almahaou" incident carried out from 27 March to 2 April 2020 in the Tillabéri region. Regarding that incident, the National Human Rights Commission had reported that members of the Defence and Security Forces were responsible for the enforced disappearance of 135 people. The National Human Rights Commission's report had been corroborated by Human Rights Watch reports describing men in uniform arriving in military vehicles, who arbitrarily arrested, detained, and in some cases tortured or executed captives. What was the status of the investigation, and what investigative acts had been carried out? Why was the case referred to a military court? What concrete measures had been taken to ensure the protection of victims and witnesses from all forms of intimidation and reprisals? Had persons suspected of being involved in the incident been excluded from investigations?
The Expert further asked for information on the enforced disappearance of 23 men who were reportedly arrested in Bani Bangou and Garbey between 5 and 10 April 2020, the enforced disappearance of 4 Peuhl men at the Tilwa check-point on the border with Mali on February 20 2020, and the whereabouts of Mr. Marawan Mousa Allan, who went on holiday to Niger from Dubai in August 2019 and had not been heard from since.
Responses by the Delegation
The delegation stated that Niger had made efforts on the issue of individual communications, and it was only a matter of time before Niger would issue a declaration related to communications with the Committee. From the moment Niger had ratified it, the Convention had stood above domestic laws, and domestic laws needed to be consolidated with it. A new bill being drafted would allow the Convention to be reflected in domestic law. Not all judges and judicial personnel were aware of the Convention, but the Government was making efforts to disseminate information regarding it, and was considering holding training regarding the Convention.
The National Human Rights Commission did not have a large budget, but could receive donations from supporters, which included the European Union and Oxfam. The State planned to provide new headquarters for the institution and increase its budget. It issued reports to the Government, but those reports did not have legal power. Regarding Operation Almahaou, the Government had received the report from the National Human Rights Commission and had commenced independent investigations. A recent bill on enforced disappearances said clearly that nothing could justify resorting to an enforced disappearance. The term of limitation started when the crime ended. The bill would be deliberated in April 2022. If a military official was responsible for enforced disappearance, a military court would oversee the case, and a civilian court would oversee civilian cases. Processes were the same in military and civilian courts. Niger had ensured that its military courts handed down impartial decisions.
A raft of measures regulated the deprivation of liberty. The right to legal assistance was respected, as was the right to reparation and compensation. The provisions of the Convention were used to support victims of enforced disappearance. The new bill on enforced disappearance would allow courts to invoke the Convention. Treaties that had been ratified had superior authority to domestic legislation, and every party within Niger could invoke it. No judge could refuse to invoke the Convention. There were platforms for judicial assistance between States. For example, Niger worked with France and Algeria on judicial cases.
The Operation Almahaou incident had been addressed by the marshal of the military court. The State had been a victim of a terrorist attack, with terrorists using official military vehicles. That had made some think that military officials were carrying out human rights abuses. Jordanian police had reported that Mr. Marawan Mousa Allan had travelled to Niger, obtained a visa, and then travelled to Agadez. That individual had then disappeared without a trace. Villages had been victims of vicious attacks, but the Government was doing whatever it could to protect citizens. Armed groups were responsible for the majority of enforced disappearances. Security forces were working to capture those groups and to bring to justice those responsible for enforced disappearances. There was an intention to review the National Human Rights Commission and increase its budget, but there was a scarcity of resources, and all sections of Government were affected.
Follow-Up Questions by Committee Experts
A Committee Expert noted that not only did the State have an obligation to reflect the Convention in its domestic legislation, it also had an obligation to enforce the Convention through concrete legislative measures. The Expert asked the delegation to share the draft bill related to enforced disappearance. The Expert welcomed that resources would be set aside in support of the National Human Rights Commission. How much support was needed to secure its functions?
Another Committee Expert noted that the Committee had declared that enforced disappearances could not be considered by military courts. That was because military court submissions often led to impunity for persons responsible. The Committee Expert asked for more information regarding the membership of military courts. The Expert repeated calls for information regarding disappearances in the Tillabéri region. The National Human Rights Commission report raised doubts that acts against civilians were attributable to non-State actors in that case, as perpetrators had been allowed to carry out identity checks. What was Niger doing to investigate enforced disappearances committed by terrorists? What protections were provided to witnesses and victims?
Another Committee Expert asked whether the State party was considering making the new law on enforced disappearance retroactive to cover past abuses. Was the State party negotiating with armed groups to achieve peace?
Another Committee Expert expressed doubts about the events of Operation Almahaou, asking why a military court was dealing with the case if the actions had been committed by ordinary citizens. When did ordinary courts have jurisdiction in such cases?
Another Committee Expert underscored that the Committee had made a declaration that military courts should never try cases of enforced disappearances. The most important point was that courts be competent, independent and impartial. Military personnel had in certain States steered the purposes of dictatorships. Military crimes such as desertion should be judged in a military court, but enforced disappearance should not. Cases of theft of military transport vehicles could be competently investigated by civilian courts.
Another Committee Expert asked whether there was a military justice code. If civilians were involved in enforced disappearance of military personnel, and in the reverse situation, which court would try the case?
Responses from the Delegation
The delegation stated that the bill on enforced disappearance had fully taken into account the provisions of the Convention. It defined enforced disappearance using the definition of the Convention. Those convicted would face 10 to 20 years imprisonment. Enforced disappearance leading to death would be punished by life imprisonment. There was also a provision to punish accomplices to enforced disappearance. The crime was considered to be aggravated when the victim was under age 18, over 65, or pregnant. There were no exceptional circumstances in which the crime of enforced disappearance would be permitted.
The State party called upon Niger's National Assembly to increase the budget for the National Human Rights Commission. It was not normal for donors to give more than the State, and so the State planned to devote more funds to it.
In 2006, the marshal of the military court became functional. The court operated in the same manner as a civilian court. There were military justices, but civilian judges were always used in investigations. Military staff helped to understand the military context. There were always at least two civilian judges in military courts. The military justice code had been applicable since 2003. All matters not addressed by the military court were returned to civilian courts.
Regarding cases of disappearances in the Tillabéri region, investigations were ongoing and the State could not comment on the National Human Rights Commission report. Although the people responsible wore military uniforms and drove military vehicles, they were not necessarily military officials. The State had no power over armed groups. The law on enforced disappearance could not be applied retroactively, but would apply in all cases of enforced disappearance once it was enacted. As the State was at war, all offenses against the security of the State could be tried by military courts.
A Committee Expert said that non-governmental organizations and the Committee against Torture had reported that there were extrajudicial detention centres in Niger. The National Human Rights Commission also carried out an investigation of the Niamey Anti-Terrorist Unit, finding defendants locked up at the Directorate General of Documentation and State Security in dark cells without ventilation for more than a month. Were those reports accurate? What measures had been adopted to improve detention conditions and prevent the use of extrajudicial detention centres?
The Expert also cited reports from the Committee against Torture noting detainees' difficulties in accessing a doctor and a lawyer. Legislation did not recognise the right of detained persons to have access to a lawyer, but rather the notification of that right, within twenty-four to forty-eight hours of police custody. Geographical and economic barriers impeded access to legal aid in Niger, and the State reportedly did not guarantee the right to inform a family member of their deprivation of liberty. Further, detainees from other States were not informed of their right to contact consular authorities. The Expert also noted arbitrary arrests of civil society leaders and journalists in the context of the application of the state of emergency. What was the reasoning for that?
Further, the Expert noted that records of persons deprived of liberty were incomplete, according to the Committee against Torture. In particular, the Anti-Terrorist Brigade did not record times of detainments. Detainees did not have the right to challenge the lawfulness of their detention before a judicial authority. What measures had been adopted to correct that and to impose a penalty for non-compliance? The Committee Expert also asked for more information regarding information that could and could not be disclosed due to the secrecy of investigations. Did the restriction extend to lawyers, and was it temporary? The Expert also called for more information on restrictions on the right to communicate.
Another Committee Expert said that migrants and refugees were at risk of being subjected to enforced disappearance in the territory of Niger. The Committee against Torture had recommended in 2019 that "all allegations of violence or excessive use of force against migrants and asylum-seekers were promptly, thoroughly and impartially investigated, and that those responsible were prosecuted and punished." What measures had been taken by the State party to implement those recommendations?
The Expert also noted that refugees and migrants were also at risk of being victims of enforced disappearances in the territory of other States through refoulement at the border, extradition or expulsion. However, Niger had stated that the law prohibiting the removal of a person to a country where he or she would be at risk of torture would also apply to the risk of being subjected to enforced disappearance. Were there examples of decisions where that law had been applied to a person at risk of being subjected to enforced disappearance? Had the State party implemented the Committee against Torture's recommendations regarding non-refoulement? Did appeals against removal orders suspend the removal?
The Committee Expert also stated that in court cases around enforced disappearance, the plaintiffs, the witnesses, the lawyers, and the families of the disappeared were at risk of being identified by the perpetrators and subject to reprisals. What measures had the State party taken to protect the identity of those groups?
The Committee Expert further raised the issue of the military court's investigations of disappearances in the Tillabéri region, stating that investigative secrecy could not be invoked to reject requests for information on the progress of investigations. Did the State party intend to guarantee the public's right to information in cases such as that, as well as the right of victims to know the truth in cases of enforced disappearances? Next, the Expert stated that there was no specific organization that conducted searches in cases of enforced disappearance, no protocols in place for the treatment of the remains of missing persons, no mechanisms for conducting DNA tests on remains, and no facilities for storing the genetic material of missing persons and their relatives. What initiatives were underway to establish such mechanisms?
Further, the Expert noted that there was no specific mechanism in place for providing reparation to the victims of enforced disappearance, and asked if one would be established in future. In relation to the Tillabéri case, the National Human Rights Commission had recommended that a high-level mission should travel to the region and meet with the victims, provide compensation to victims, create a national day of remembrance and educate future generations to ensure that such incidents were not repeated. Did the State intend to follow up on those recommendations?
The delegation stated that Niger was subject to regular attacks from terrorist groups coming from surrounding States. However, Niger was striving to ensure security using the State of Emergency measure. Two laws set rules governing the State of Emergency, and it must be assessed and renewed as necessary every 15 months. States of Emergency did not grant absolute power to the State, and were necessary measures in emergency situations.
The Committee against Torture had given numerous recommendations, and the Government had responded by allowing the National Human Rights Commission to investigate all detention centres. It had also created a law prohibiting torture. Legal provisions guaranteed access to a lawyer from the moment of arrest, however there was a shortage of lawyers in many regions, and only 140 registered lawyers in Niger. In response, the Government had established an agency for providing free legal assistance in all areas of the country. The agency had provided support to thousands of individuals. To resolve the lawyer shortage, the Bar Association had made caravans raising awareness about the problem. There were also judicial officials who explained proceedings and rights to detainees.
When foreign citizens were detained, the judge would notify consular authorities, and notify them again when proceedings began. Ambassadors made regular visits to detention facilities.
When an individual had an arrest warrant, their detention was not "arbitrary." The Ministry of Justice had adopted a law on the protection of human rights defenders that would be submitted to the National Assembly in its next session. An amendment to legislation prohibiting the arrest of journalists for slander or libel was also pending. Persons convicted of terrorism could be held for 15 days without trial because there was only one court that could assess such cases, and a long period of time was needed to transport persons to that court. There were plans to establish courts in other regions to reduce holding times. Parole could be requested, and was assessed by the investigating judge. The prosecutor could appeal parole decisions. Family members and lawyers had the right to visit detainees within the visiting hours of the detention facility. At all times after arrest, the individual detained could request release, and the decision on parole was not made by the prosecutor. All parties were notified regarding the process of court proceedings, and victims could access case files. Legislation set forth the need for the State to provide a medical clinic in each detention centre. When medical needs could not be covered by those medical clinics, the detainee was transferred to a hospital at the expense of the State.
Police often had problems with capacity in detention centres. In some cases, police training schools were used as detention centres. However, in such cases detainees were still in police custody. Lawyers were always checking that detainees had been provided with their entitlements. Police thus were sure to provide detainees with their entitlements and protect their rights.
The Directorate General of Documentation and State Security addressed concerns when the security of the State was at stake. It was staffed by criminal investigation officers from police and justice bodies. Judges were the only people who could decide the fate of detainees, not that organization.
Victims' associations did not exist, but were not prohibited. However, there was a lack of initiative from the relatives of victims. The only associations that were banned were those that were racist or regionalist in nature. If a journalist encouraged the public to engage in vandalism, they should be punished for that act. Journalists were punished for the crimes that they had committed, not for being journalists.
A Committee Expert asked when a person was detained on remand, what remedies were available to rule on detention? Who did detainees turn to in such situations?
How was information such as the location of detention communicated to family members of detainees? What made a case file "complex" or "sensitive"? Could a person deprived of liberty receive visits? In what conditions and by what means could detainees communicate with their families?
Another Committee Expert said that the Committee was aware of the difficult situation that Niger faced, but said that the State had a duty to provide basic human rights regardless. The Expert acknowledged that Niger had respected its reporting obligations and commended the State for establishing a Country Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. What was being done to support searches for deceased persons? Were relatives of victims of enforced disappearance able to obtain an "absence certificate" rather than a death certificate allowing them to access social benefits?
The Expert called on the State party to criminalise the destruction of children's identification papers. Did Niger allow for international adoption? What measures had been taken to return child victims of abduction to their families of origin? What concrete measures had been taken to register the births of all children to prevent trafficking and enforced disappearance?
Another Committee Expert asked whether there was an educational plan to train lawyers and increase their numbers. In terrorism cases, were family members of the accused informed of their detainment? Were visits allowed in terrorism cases?
Were there guarantees that civil society organizations could carry out their operations without reprisal or threats to their security?
Another Committee Expert asked whether women had the right to be a part of civil investigations, and whether they were able to access social services. Women were also victims when their husbands were disappeared. The Expert called on the State party to consider women when drafting legislation on enforced disappearance.
The delegation said the law in Niger did not address the trafficking or sale of babies. Niger did not allow baby trafficking. Victims of enforced disappearance were numerous, with thousands of disappeared persons being taken by terrorists. Niger was fighting a war for its very existence. To transport detainees, a military convoy was necessary, and that was another reason for the long period detainees were held without trial. Visits to prisons had been suspended due to three terrorist attacks on prisons, but prison visits had recommenced.
Police custody occurred within the authority of the prosecutor or the examining magistrate. Detainees could file complaints regarding detainment, and in some cases complaints had been upheld and detainees released. The International Committee of the Red Cross contacted family members of detainees. Other non-governmental organizations also played a role in finding detainees' family members. The investigating officers determined whether cases should be open or closed, and whether visits should be allowed. The use of mobile phones was prohibited, but facility telephones could be used to contact family members in the presence of a guard.
The number of lawyers was very small. The Ministry of Justice had created a lawyer training school that would train any person with a law degree to become a lawyer. Investigations would be jeopardised if information on proceedings was made public. However, parties involved in proceedings had the right to access information about it. Independent judges had judicial oversight of police custody. Cases were required to be registered with the oversight body. The notes of the registrar only were authoritative. Even if cases were closed, searches for missing persons could be resumed at any point. A civil judge could issue absence certificates in lieu of a death certificate. Claims for criminal indemnification could be filed at any stage in proceedings.
IKTA ABDOULAYE MOHAMED, Minister of Justice of Niger and head of delegation, thanked the Committee for the constructive dialogue. The delegation had strived to describe the situation in Niger. The State party had a huge challenge before it to tackle human rights violations. The delegation was delighted that the Committee had acknowledged the State's progress in tackling enforced disappearance. Niger's army had been ranked as one of the best in the region in respecting human rights, due to the State's training. The delegation thanked the Committee for its questions, which aimed to improve the situation in the State. The Committee could rely on Niger's good faith and cooperation with implementing concluding observations. Those would be communicated to all stakeholders and the State Cabinet.
CARMEN ROSA VILLA QUINTANA, Chair of the Committee, thanked the delegation for its cooperation, and the Committee for its efforts. The dialogue was an opportunity for cooperation with the State toward a mutual goal of eliminating enforced disappearance. Thanking Niger for its commitment, she pledged the Committee's support regarding implementation of the Convention, and called for continued cooperation between the State party and the Committee.
Link: https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/meeting-summary/2022/03/dialogue-niger-experts-committee-enforced-disappearances-ask
Produced by the United Nations Information Service in Geneva for use of the information media;
not an official record. English and French versions of our releases are different as they are the product of two separate coverage teams that work independently.


With the end of the Cold War, states and international organisations have systematically mainstreamed good governance in their development strategies for third countries. The European Union is no exception. The promotion of good governance ranks particularly high in the EU's "near abroad", which has become a focal point for EU foreign policy making since the 2004/2006 enlargement rounds. This paper seeks to systematically compare the EU's approach to promoting good governance in the Southern Caucasus. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are equally marked by bad governance. Arbitrary rule and pervasive corruption are common in all three countries. Nonetheless, they significantly vary with regard to the degree of statehood, and the quality of the political regime. Our aim is to explore to what extent these variations have affected the EU's strategy of promoting good governance. Looking at the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), a rather recent policy framework, we seek to give some answers to the question whether the EU sticks to a "one-size-fits-all" approach, or whether it has started to practice some differential treatment.


Sonny Gray turned back into the Sonny Gray the Yankees have seen all too often.
The Yankees dropped consecutive games for the first time in over a month in a 10-5 loss to the Athletics on Friday night, but with no one out in the seventh inning, it sure looked like they were on the verge of another comeback.
Miguel Andujar and Austin Romine opened the inning with singles, setting up Gleyber Torres, who had already homered in the third.
But instead of unleashing the swing that has delivered so many clutch hits since being called up last month, Torres laid down a harmless bunt that went back to Oakland right-hander Ryan Dull, who turned it into a sacrifice.
The Yankees went on to score a run when Aaron Judge drew a bases-loaded walk, but they got no closer in a 10-5 loss in the Bronx.
Afterward, Aaron Boone said he had no issue with Torres, who bunted on his own.
Torres, 21, the youngest Yankee to have a nine-game hitting streak since Mickey Mantle, also stood by his decision.
The Yankees' bullpen gave up another run in the eighth and David Robertson was touched up for three more in the ninth to squash any potential drama.
Gray's dropoff didn't help, either.
Coming off his two best outings of the season, when he surrendered four runs over 12 innings in a pair of victories with Romine behind the plate, Gray allowed five runs in five innings, done in primarily by two homers in the second.
Facing his former team for the first time, Gray ran into trouble in the second, when Khris Davis led off with a homer. Matt Olson followed with a single before Chapman hit an 0-2 fastball out for a two-run shot that made it 3-0.
Gray allowed three straight hits to start the third for another run and Mark Canha's leadoff double led to another run in the fourth.
They gave it a shot.
Kendall Graveman, Oakland's Opening Day starter, returned to the A's rotation after being sent down to Triple-A with an 8.89 ERA in his first six starts. He held the Yankees mostly in check until the fifth.
Judge's two-out, three-run homer got the Yankees to within a run. It was Judge's 10th homer of the season.
After Torres' bunt in the seventh, Brett Gardner drew a walk to load the bases and Judge followed with another walk to force in a run before Didi Gregorius' fly ball to right failed to score Romine and Giancarlo Stanton followed with a pop-up to second.


Free ski pass per person is only available for guests of higher price range accommodations. Low-price accommodation guests get each second pass for free (one person pays for the ticket, the other person gets it for free).
Reservations are possible based on coupons which guests receive together with ski-passes. The takeover of equipment shall be possible at ALPINSPORT shop or RU-FI ski rental. This offer encompasses the rental of standard skis or snowboards. Ski poles, ski shoes or snowboarding shoes and helmets can be rented upon additional payment according to the valid price list. Every person may cash-in the coupon once during the validity of the ski-pass. The coupon validity date shall remain from the date of arrival until the date of departure of guests.
Discount can be used, based on the ski pass, that will be marked accordingly. The ski pass is required to be shown upon order.
Testing is organised by Ski Centre Vogel in front of Kavka Bar, on Monday, 25 March 2019. To test the skis (one or two test runs), you need a valid personal ID.
Family and beginners friendly high mountain ski centre with a diverse additional offer.


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The April Center Blog: Anxiety, OCD, Phobia and Panic Attack Management - Los Angeles and San Diego: Group Therapy For Social Anxiety Works!
Group Therapy For Social Anxiety Works!
I have had the privilege of working with many people of varying ages and backgrounds who struggle with this complex fear. I know the debilitating nature that social anxiety can have over one's experience at a job, in relationships, and in life. I also understand the proverbial loneliness that can pervade one's existence once victim to this anxiety disorder. If you or someone you know suffers from social anxiety, I commend you for reading this. I know this can be really scary, but I also realize the benefits to overcoming social anxiety far outweigh living a life of isolation and fear.
So how do we get there? Recent research has provided that cognitive-behavioral therapy conducted in a group format can be valuable in conquering social anxiety disorder. It goes on to specify that group treatment may be more effective than individual treatment for social anxiety in that it allows people to practice the very interactions of which they are afraid. Researchers also advocate for group therapy for social anxiety because it is cost effective and efficient. This is not to say that individual treatment with a social anxiety doctor specialist does not work—it is, in fact, just as helpful, as depicted in research studies. However, support groups for social anxiety can be a breakthrough additional treatment to offer those who struggle with fears of interaction.
Let's close our eyes briefly and conjure up an image of what a social anxiety group might look like. Think of six or seven other members, all with their own trepidation and fears of social situations. Anxiety is high—yes. But judgment is non-existent. Everyone is too occupied with their own internal struggles to notice anything about anyone else. There is a trained anxiety specialist who is leading the group, gently but confidently providing support and guidance to help all members reach the shared goal of overcoming social anxiety. This group meets once a week, always on the same day and at the same time. There are no surprises. Gradually, the members become familiar with the context and the environment, and they begin to look to one another for reassurance and validation. And before you know it, interactions are occurring without the fear and worry of being judged or misperceived. It becomes safe. And eventually the group members are able to take what is being done in group and apply it to their personal lives. And that is a picture of a successful support group for social anxiety.
Could you imagine it? Was it difficult? My guess is that while it may have been scary, it also sparked some glimmer of hope. That maybe this could be the answer to overpowering the fears and heartaches that comprise social anxiety disorder. If you are looking for help, the April Center leads groups for all sorts of anxiety disorders, including a support group for social anxiety. Lastly, if you are still reading this, I once again congratulate you for even considering seeking help. You are one step closer to overcoming fear and leading a life filled with freedom.


text:
Semiónovskoie (Sóbinka), localitat de la província de Vladímir, a Rússia
 Semiónovskoie (Kirjatx), localitat de la província de Vladímir, a Rússia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the best chances of being approved for Social Security Disability (SSD) benefits, you need to file your application properly and with all the supporting documentation that the Social Security Administration (SSA) requires. This is easier said than done, which is why we have supplied some helpful insight here.
In addition to reviewing the information here on this website, we welcome you to call our offices any time for a free consultation. At Crumley Roberts, we are passionate about helping people just like you pursue SSD benefits. No matter who you are or where you come from, you have the right to seek disability benefits. Our team is here to support and guide you through this often complicated process.
You can apply for Social Security Disability benefits online, can call (800) 772-1213, or can visit your local Social Security office. If you decide to file in person, you should call and make an appointment first.
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It's no big secret that nature is a healing agent.
You can read some incredible studies HERE about our lives with Nature. The most impressive one that stands out to me: extensive hospital studies showed a rapid increase in healing rates for patients that have a view of green grass outside of a window.
It's stunning how much Nature is in our DNA.
Dramatic things happen when we connect to Nature. And that's why this Nature connection is fundamental to Tao. Tao is that which connects us to the power of our environment and our life. Tao is what makes life come to live. Tao is what makes you feel at home. Tao is everything.
More Nature doesn't require camping. More Nature doesn't require special skills.
More of the energy of Nature is available to all of us if we seize upon the opportunity all the time!
Go exploring in local Nature. There are hundreds of great hikes near me, and for years I'd done 3 or 4. Yes, you're reading this right. And chance are, theres' some Nature near you that may be a short drive or a bigger excursion, but it's somewhere nearby. Yesterday, I was lost in a Rainforest in Los Angeles at sundown and last week I was making wishes a a famous tree at a city pinnacle. I'd never seen these things in the 15 years I've lived here (!!!) and there are hundreds more things to see.
I have a list now & you might want to make your own. A quick scan of hiking, biking, boating or other outdoor websites that cover your area can reveal hidden treasures to explore in the woods or on beaches, in hills or deserts. There's a lot to experience.
Rise with the sun, set with the sun. If you want to synch up with Nature, start shutting things down as the sun sets and rising as the sun rises. This is a huge paradigm shift from how most of us live, but it's deeply rejuvenating.
Eat locally. Local food is tapped into your local Nature. When I say "eat locally" I don't just mean local restaurants (that too!) but, also, local produce from Farmer's Markets and local growers.
Use windowsills to grow herbs. Just one single basil plant revampted by late Summer early Fall eating…and it continues to do so!
Use parks. There are parks and botanical gardens in so many cities that are waiting to be explored. I still haven't been to the gardens in Los Angeles and I'm ready to go! There are parks in so many cities where you can walk, hang out with books, see ponds and streams, sit on a blanket and relax… it makes such and incredible difference.
Try natural relaxation music that's in synch with the Earth.
The 528 Hz music on You Tube is really relaxing. It's meant to be the frequency of Nature and, as such, it's meant to bring big energy to your grounded life with Tao connection.
Natural tonics and essences help you tap in. If you've never tried the magic of flower essences or herbal tonics (even something simple like Turmeric Tea) you're in for a treat by adding one to your daily routine and seeing the bubbling energy shift.
Create art freestyle (so you'll have more natural creativity in your life!) Creativity is nature in action. Create more and open up to your natural energy flow. Freestyle drawing, painting, dancing… all are Nature in action.
Take baths. Baths with natural ingredients like salts flood your life with flowing energetic rejuvenation.
Breakup with your electronics. Spend so much less time tethered to all your devices and more time making, growing and doing things. It's vital to have much more time to be free, rested and open to the new, and less time in a glowing haze of too much scattered and unfiltered information.
Enjoy so much more of every day in concert with Nature and you'll feel your genius power, your electricity and your glow expanded magnificently!!!
It's 8 weeks of de-cluttering, letting things go and lightening up life in radical ways.
A de-cluttered home is just the beginning.
We create space for more flow, more inspiration, more money-making, more free time, more love, more manifesting and more sustainable living… all in one eight-week immersion!!!
Join us to start making space for big life changes now and into the New Year!!!
Are You Focusing On The Good?
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Marlin , TX – As the industrialized world began to emerge from a feudal system of landlords and ladies who dictated living and working conditions for agrarian peasants, an educational system emerged in the militarized society of Prussia, a province situated in an unhappy flatland with few natural boundaries, difficult to defend.
It is a system of fractionalized time periods divided by bells in which platoons of students stroll from class to class to learn how to take tests based on yes or no, multiple choice answers – a system in which the notion of independent thought is designed to invoke feelings of resentment and fear, creative inquiry is ridiculed, asking questions is punishable by painful disciplinary procedures and the isolation resulting from that course is nearly unbearable.
They called it gymnasium. We call it high school.
However, it works well in an economy in which farmers are paid through government control not to grow crops, inspectors of every stripe serve as policemen who "enforce" administrative rules masquerading as laws which govern a system much more rigid and authoritarian than anything dreamed up by barons and earls, dukes and duchesses, kings and queens.
It is done through a rigid control of information. The authorities operate from the standpoint that it is up to them to decide what is and is not good for the individual to know through a system of classification and secrecy that rivals anything the medieval mind ever devised.
It works great when you are preparing for the next meat grinder industrialized world war financed on a cost plus basis by international financiers with play money to lend, currencies based on the full faith and credit of treasuries long since bankrupt and operating on an impossible burden of debt service.
Activist bikers stymied by the ultra-violence of the Twin Peaks massacre witnessed a near total shutdown of their channels of communication on May 17, 2015 at a restaurant in Waco, Texas, when police acting as agent provocateurs incited a gunfight, then began to spew some of the most colorful disinformation ever devised in the history of broadcast journalism, including a mythical blanket "gag order" that in reality applied only to the principals and legal representatives involved in one criminal case, that of State v. Clendennen for the capital offense of engaging in organized criminal activity leading to capital murder and/or aggravated assault. It is identical to every other vague, ill-defined conspiracy charge pronounced by a magistrate on that unhappy day.
In a word, the war was on.
The remedy proposed, an independent biker news network, is within the grasp of every person with a cell phone. Listen in on a discussion held at Marlin, Texas, on Saturday, Julty 23 in a Mexican restaurant on I-45, so chosen in avoidance of spending one Lincoln-head penny in the hell hole redefined by David Koresh as W-A-C-O (We ain't comin' out…).


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Главный вокзал Мюнхена () — железнодорожный вокзал дальнего и ближнего сообщения в центре Мюнхена. Крупнейший из трёх вокзалов города. Построен по принципу тупикового вокзала. Вокзал имеет 32 наземных и 2 подземных пути и является тем самым крупнейшим вокзалом Германии по количеству путей. Пассажиропоток составляет 350 000 пассажиров в день. Общая площадь вокзала составляет 760 000 м².

История
Открыт 1 сентября 1839 года как железнодорожная станция на линии Мюнхен-Лоххаузен.
Сооружался проекту архитектора Ф. Бюрклайна.

Дальнее сообщение
Линии Intercity-Express связывают Главный вокзал Мюнхена с Гамбургом, Берлином, Кёльном, Парижем, а также с другими городами Германии и Европы. В Мюнхене берут своё начало многие линии ночных поездов.

Региональное сообщение
Региональные поезда соединяют Главный вокзал Мюнхена со многими другими городами Баварии, а также с Прагой и Зальцбургом.

Общественный транспорт
На Главном вокзале пересекаются две ветки мюнхенского метрополитена (линии U1,U2 и U4,U5), а также проходит основная ветка мюнхенской городской электрички (S1, S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, S8, S27). Остановка нескольких линий трамвая (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) и автобусов (58, 100).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Информация о вокзале на странице Deutsche Bahn AG

Вокзалы Мюнхена
Железнодорожные станции Германии


Learn more about Hidden Mountain Resort.
The original log cabin resort in the Smoky Mountains. Family owned and operated since 1981. Hidden Mountain offers 1-14 bedroom fully-equipped Log Cabins, Farmhouse Cottages, and Mountaintop Villas; The Dell, a Class A Motorcoach Resort; and The Lodge- a log cabin event venue. Resort amenities include onsite office, swimming pools, workout room and picnic pavilions. Conveniently located to all the shopping, attractions, and restaurants of Sevierville, Pigeon Forge, and Gatlinburg.
Enjoy the Smoky Mountain sunrise from a private balcony at your own cabin in the Smokies.
The sunlight illuminates the colors of autumn over the fishing pond at Hidden Mountain West.
Welcome to Hidden Mountain Resort, the Smokies' first log cabin rental resort.
Hidden Mountain offers Updated Log Cabin Rentals from 1-14 Bedrooms.
Our resort pools are open Memorial Day to Labor Day and beyond, weather permitting.
Visit these partners of Hidden Mountain Resort.


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Latest Community Stories
National Fil-Am lawyers group decries US plan to end Filvets parole
INQUIRER.NET U.S. Bureau / 12:42 AM August 13, 2019
Members and officers of NFALA: The Fil-Am lawyers group criticized the USCIS plan to terminate the Filvets' family reunification fast track. WEBSITE
SEATTLE, Washington — A national organization of Filipino American lawyers, NFALA, expressed disappointment at the August 2, 2019 decision of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to terminate the Filipino World War II Veterans Parole (FWVP) Program, which was created to honor the service of Filipino World War II veterans and enable them to have their family members join them in the United States.
"The USCIS's announcement that it intends to terminate the FWVP Program is a grave and disconcerting one," said NFALA president Eric de los Santos.
"The USCIS's rationale that categorical parole programs like the FWVP Program allows individuals to 'skip the line and bypass the proper channels established by Congress' not only contradicts the agency's own reasoning for setting up the program, but it desecrates the contributions and sacrifices made by our veteranos," De los Santos argued.
There are approximately 6,000 living Filipino American World War II veterans in the United States, many of whom require the care and assistance of their families and greatly desire to have their family members in the United States during their final days.
In 1941, more than 260,000 Filipino soldiers responded to President Roosevelt's call-to-arms and enlisted to fight for the United States during World War II. Many made the ultimate sacrifice as soldiers in the U.S. Armed Forces in the Far East and as guerilla fighters during the Imperial Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Approximately 26,000 brave Filipino soldiers who fought under the American flag became proud U.S. citizens. As U.S. citizens, these individuals can petition for their family members to come to the United States. Unfortunately, due to statutory visa caps, many individuals wait for years or even decades to be reunited with their family members.
Parole is an avenue provided under the Immigration and Nationality Act that allows individuals to temporarily come to the United States on a case-by-case basis for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit. In 2016, USCIS implemented the FWVP Program in recognition of the contributions and sacrifices of Filipino veterans who fought for the United States during World War II.
Under this program, certain family members of Filipino American veterans may be granted parole to come to the United States to provide support and care to their Filipino veteran family members who are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents. Specifically, those who may benefit from the FWVP Program are individuals:
(1) who are the beneficiaries of Forms I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, including any accompanying or following-to-join spouse and children, who were approved on or before the filing date of the parole request;
(2) whose qualifying relationship with the petitioning relative existed on or before May 9, 2016;
(3) whose petitioning relative is residing in the United States (or, if deceased, was residing in the United States at the time of death);
(4) whose immigrant visas are not authorized for issuance per the Application Final Action Dates chart for family-sponsored preference cases on the Department of State's Visa Bulletin; and
(5) whose petitioning relatives have established they are either Filipino World War II veterans (as recognized by the Department of Defense) or are the surviving spouses of such individuals.
In all cases, whether to parole a particular individual under this policy is a discretionary determination that is made on a case-by-case basis. Since the FWVP Program was created, nearly 300 Filipino families have been reunited in America.
"Therefore, we strongly urge the USCIS to reconsider its position on this matter," De los Santos appealed.
"Furthermore, we repeat our call for Congress to pass the Filipino Veterans Family Reunification Act, introduced in both the House of Representatives and the Senate earlier this year, which would expedite the visa process for children of naturalized Filipino World War II veterans."
To learn more about NFALA, visit nfala.com, like us on Facebook, and follow us on Twitter (@NFALA1) and Instagram (@filamlawyers).
TAGS: family reunification, Filipino World War II Veterans Parole (FWVP) Program, immigration US, NFALA, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)


This one-day introductory, training course provides participants with a broad overview of applied human factors engineering used in the design of modern fighting and logistic vehicles. Participants are introduced to the latest thinking concerning human systems integration (HSI) and introduced to key information about human factors engineering requirements, tools and techniques. A variety of short case studies are used to provide participants with a clear understanding of what can go wrong without HSI and how good HSI leads to much improved vehicle system operational performance. Further details on the course are available in the Course Outline and Timetable.
This three-day training course provides participants with essential knowledge and understanding of applied human factors engineering used in the design of modern fighting and logistic vehicles. Participants are introduced to the latest thinking concerning human systems integration (HSI) and learn essential knowledge about human factors engineering requirements, tools and techniques. Much of the training focuses on the limitations and capabilities of humans and how and why these issues are so important in the effective design of modern military vehicles. Case studies and workshops are used to provide participants with a clear understanding of what can go wrong and how good HSI leads to much improved vehicle system operational performance. Further details on the course are available in the Course Outline and Timetable.
This five-day intensive, training course provides participants with essential knowledge and understanding of applied human factors engineering used in the design of modern fighting and logistic vehicles. Participants are introduced to the latest thinking concerning human systems integration (HSI) and learn essential knowledge about human factors engineering requirements, tools and techniques. Much of the training focuses on the limitations and capabilities of humans and how and why these issues are so important in the effective design of modern military vehicles. Case studies are used to provide participants with a clear understanding of what can go wrong without HSI and how good HSI leads to much improved vehicle system operational performance. The training includes a number of focussed workshops where participants (working in groups) apply knowledge learnt from the case studies. Further details on the course are available in the Course Outline and Timetable.


We are experts in children's hearing.
We are specialists in children's hearing. Our highly trained audiologists offer testing and diagnostics from our world- class facilities. We also work with children and young adults in our Hearing Implant program supporting them during their hearing journey into young adulthood and beyond.
Hearing assessment and testing is available at a range of Hear and Say Centres across Queensland to monitor your child's hearing. Our Brisbane Centre has a world class specialist Paediatric Diagnostic Hearing Assessment Clinic.
Contact us for more information or to book an assessment.
Book a private hearing test, with no need for a referral and no waiting lists with our qualified team.
Incorporates Audiology, Listening and Spoken Language Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Social Skills Group Programs.
Information about cochlear implants, digital hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and innovations relation to technology.
The moment hearing technology is switched on for the first time for a child.
Includes candidacy testing for Queensland's largest cochlear implant program. We also help people transition from their existing hearing technology to a new advancement.
Hearing difficulties may have a significant impact on a child's ability to learn. We can work with schools and families for hearing screening.
Audiology support for these rare conditions.
Hear and Say can support your child's hearing and speech development even if you live in rural and remote Queensland and beyond, via our Telepractice Program.
Professional Development opportunities for healthcare professionals, educators and parents.
Hear and Say supports over 900 families, our Parent Portal is designed to share information and ideas.
An overview of services by location.


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Q: Directories' permisions for automounted USB hard drive in Ubuntu 9.10 I've noticed that directories' permissions for my automounted USB hard drive formatted in NTFS in Ubuntu 9.10 are 700. This is inconvenient for me. On Ubuntu 8.04 LTS it was 777 everywhere and it was good. Where can I change those default automount permissions for such a drive?

A: you could be interested in this thread from linuxquestions.org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This course will develop your understanding and knowledge to be able to work a competently within the sector, which can also be implemented across many roles such as receptionist, data input and administrator.
This is delivered via distance learning.
Level 2 Certificate in Business and Administration Knowledge.
Assessments will be marked by an allocated tutor who will provide you with detailed feedback. You will be assessed against criteria where all learning outcomes of the course have to be covered; your tutor will give you guidance for this.