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Eiffel Tower tickets and tours
Practical tips on tours, tickets and prices for Eiffel Tower visitors
Open daily: the Eiffel Tower is number one on people's list of attractions
Eiffel Tower opening times
Types of ticket at Eiffel Tower
Advance online tickets
Book tickets and tours
The Eiffel Tower is perhaps number one on many people's lists of 'must see' attractions in Paris. Around 6 million people a year visit, so the queues are legendary.
You can choose to use lifts to the various levels of the Eiffel Tower, or for the hardy you can climb the Eiffel Tower by the stairs.
The Eiffel Tower is open every day of the year! The entrances to the Eiffel Tower are at at ground level on each of the Eiffel Tower's four legs. The leg at the south corner is the entrance for those wanting to climb the stairs.
Most of the year the Eiffel Tower opens at 9.30am and closes at 11.45pm with last lift at 11.00pm.
Mid June to early September, extended opening hours operate opening starting at 9.00am and closing at 12.45am with last lift at midnight. Last admission for stairs is at 6pm.
It's worth checking the official website (below) as hours may be extended at times like Easter. Special circumstances and events may also result in closures.
Eiffel Tower - official website
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Types of ticket
Ticket prices and types are complex. There are different ticket price for many types of visitors (adults, disabled people, children under 4, 12 to 24 year olds). But please note there is no concession for seniors.
There is another level of ticket pricing depending on how you want to go up the tower (lift or stairs) and how far up the tower you want to go.
There are three kinds of tickets you can purchase in terms of degree of access. In order of cost these are:
- Stairs, valid to the 2nd floor
- Lift, valid to the 2nd floor
- Lift, valid right to the top, the 3rd floor
The Eiffel Tower is going to be the destination of a good proportion of visitors to Paris each day. You can queue and pay on the day, but expect long queues. This can be up to two hours at peak times.
Ticket office: Eiffel Tower's south west pillar for stairs
You can buy tickets in advance direct from the Eiffel Tower official website, link at the top of the page. You cannot buy advance tickets for the stairs option.
When you order on-line you have to select a precise 30-minute time period when you will arrive on a specific date. If you do not arrive within that specific time slot you may lose your ticket and not gain access.
If you seek to purchase within a week or so of your visit there may be limited slots available.
Tickets are e-mailed to you immediately to print out at home or there is an app where the ticket can be delivered to your mobile phone.
Eiffel Tower and what to expect
There are three lifts (North, East, and West pillars ) will take you up to the 1st and 2nd floors (115m). You should expect to have to queue to use the lifts. The south pillar is for those using the stairs.
For those with tickets to the top (3rd floor at 276m), you need to change lifts at the 2nd floor.
There are a couple of restaurants, gift shops and a wide circular gallery from which you can take in all the Paris sites and monuments. A glass floor enhances viewing.
There are quite a lot of explanatory signs and images and film covering the history of the Eiffel Tower.
More restaurants, souvenirs and a higher platform for those shots of Paris. An exhibition covers the history of the Eiffel Tower.
This is the 'interchange' floor where those going to the top (3rd floor) have to change lifts.
At the end of the 180-metre trip in a glass lift to the top of the Tower you'll be rewarded with a stunning view of Paris and its monuments.
At the top, apart from the views you will find Gustave Eiffel's office which has been restored to its original condition. There is also a champagne bar.
Skip the line Eiffel Tower tours and tickets
Getting to Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower is on the south bank of the River Seine to the west of the city centre where the Louvre, Notre Dame etc are located. It is too far to walk.
By Metro, the nearest station is Bir Hakelm on Line 6 of the Paris Metro. It's about a 10-minute walk to the Eiffel Tower along the south bank of the River Seine past an endless stream of street traders hoping to sell you a small model of the Eiffel Tower.
However, we would recommend you go to Trocadero (Line 6 or 9). You will be rewarded by first a stunning view of the Eiffel Tower down below you from the steps of the Palais de Chaillot. You can then walk down through the gardens to the Eiffel Tower itself.
All of the popular Paris hop on, hop off sightseeing buses stop here and the Batobus river bus service has its western terminus at the Eiffel Tower.
Most Popular Public Tours Paris 2019
With Adult Fares Stated & Links To Tour Detail Pages
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The Louvre & Musee d'Orsay
Louvre Fast Track Tickets - €17.00
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Louvre + Orsay Combo Small Group Walking Tour -from €105 with 8 people
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Your infant's understanding of the world, its rules and his own social environment develops and increases his desire to explore and learn about the logic that underlies the things he sees, hears and feels.
Your baby becomes quite the curious experimenter and explorer: he grasps, shakes, presses, pulls and crushes objects to learn about their nature and applies what he learns to new situations. For example, after he has learned that pressing a certain button produces a certain result, he now knows to press another button and anticipates a result.
In addition, he begins to expect results even before they happen. For example, he laughs even before you tickle him. The ability to anticipate what will happen next gives him enormous pleasure and helps strengthen his self-confidence. Both these newly acquired skills set the basis for a deeper understand of processes and the creative ability one has to produce and change outcomes.
Explores with her hands and mouth.
Grasps objects well and passes them from hand to hand.
Tries to reach objects which are not within reach.
Increasing mobility helps her to reach farther places and satisfy her curiosity.
Give your baby a lot of encouragement and positive reinforcement, whether she succeeds or not.
Encourage experimentation, through words, a smile, or a kiss. This will increase her enjoyment of the experience, help give her strength to cope with the frustrations of the learning process and build the courage to recognize her limitations.


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The dark history of Monsanto explained
Monsanto is perhaps the world's most hated corporation — a title many agree they've certainly earned. Over the course of the company's many years of existence, Monsanto has been involved in many controversies.
Their GMO seeds and matching herbicides, and their total destruction of the farming industry from what it once was, are some of the more current and common reasons why the Monsanto name leaves a bad taste, but the company's history is rife with plenty more fodder for the distaste. The company has been heavily scrutinized over its many decades of existence, but as luck would have it, the criticism and flat-out hatred of Monsanto come with good reason.
Early years of Monsanto
John Francis Queeny first founded Monsanto in 1901. He named the company after his wife, Olga Mendez Monsanto. The first product ever developed by the now-behemoth corporation was saccharin, which was purchased by Coca-Cola for use as a sugar substitute. Even back then, the company managed to evade the fact that one of their products was poisonous; the government sued Monsanto to keep saccharin from hitting the marketplace and lost.
Shortly thereafter, Monsanto shifted their focus and entered the industrial chemical trade, as well as the pharmaceutical industry. During the 1920s, the corporation even became the world's largest manufacturer of aspirin, which is now known to increase the risk of heart attack.
Around that time, polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, were also born. Once considered to be a modern marvel, PCBs are now regarded as extremely dangerous chemicals that come with a host of adverse effects. PCBs are considered to be carcinogenic and are known to cause reproductive, developmental and immune system disorders. East St. Louis, Illinois was home to the Monsanto plant that was the world's leader in PCB production, and also boasted the highest rate of fetal mortality and immature birth in the state.
PCBs have since been banned, but they have left their mark: traces of PCB can be found in most animal and human blood and tissue around the world. Records have shown that Monsanto was aware of how toxic the chemicals were and hid the facts from the public to retain their profits.
The 1930s marked the creation of Monsanto's first hybrid corn seed. The company also continued their tradition of toxic creating by expanding into synthetic rubbers, plastics, detergents, soaps and industrial cleaning products. Then came the 1940s, which were marked by the company's research on uranium for the Manhattan Project's first atomic bomb — and their roll-out of toxic pesticides containing an extremely hazardous chemical: Dioxin.
Dioxin also managed to make its way into the most controversial and hazardous chemicals of the 1960s: Agent Orange — the chemical that devastated thousands of US military members and at least one million Vietnamese citizens. Internal evidence from the ensuing court case revealed that Monsanto was aware of the toxic effects of their concoction when it was sold to the government. Naturally, the corporation was allowed to present its own evidence that concluded Agent Orange was safe. The courts inevitably sided with Monsanto and threw the case out; what a day for justice.
The 60s were an especially evil time for Monsanto, as the company also partnered with the Third Reich's leading chemical company and producer of Bayer aspirin, I.G. Farben. Together, they produced aspartame, another neurotoxic artificial sweetener. Monsanto spent of the 1970s and 1980s trying to defend its newest toxin, and clearly, their efforts worked. Aspartame is still widely used today, in spite of the harm it can cause.
The GMO era
Then came the 1990s, a time when scandals ran amok. Monsanto started the decade off by spending millions to defeat legislation that would prevent them from dumping toxins like dioxin into the water supply. They followed that class act up by getting sued for experimenting on pregnant women and giving them radioactive iron in a study "just to see what would happen to them."
In 1994, synthetic bovine hormone (rGBH) was created and the following year, the very first GMO seeds engineered to survive Monsanto's toxic herbicides were born. In the years since, Monsanto has come under fire for an array of scandals, misdeeds and bullying. For example, in 1998, the corporate giant successfully sued an independent Canadian farmer for refusing to pay a licensing fee for their GM crops he didn't even want. The farmer, Percy Schmeiser, maintained that the GM seeds had been blown into his field and that he had no intent of using Roundup on the crops, so he shouldn't be forced to pay for licensing fees and was not "infringing" on their patent agreement.
GMO seeds and their matching pesticides and herbicides have remained a substantial point of controversy. The company's most infamous agrochemical, Roundup is known for its primary active ingredient: Glyphosate. Glyphosate has gained notoriety for its toxicity, and Monsanto has recently come under fire for conspiring with the EPA to conceal this fact.
As you can see, nary a decade has gone by where Monsanto hasn't participated in some kind of malicious act. In addition to attacking small farmers and flipping the farming industry on its back, Monsanto has spent the better part of the last century spreading toxic chemicals around the world.
ModernFarmer.com
Tagged Under: Agent Orange, agriculture, aspartame, biotech, chemicals, corporations, deception, dioxin, evil, glyphosate, GMO, GMOs, harvest, lies, Monsanto, poison, propaganda, Roundup, toxic chemicals, toxins
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As Vietnam's rubber giant Vietnam Rubber Group (VRG) prepares to launch an initial public offering, Global Witness is calling on investors to boycott the company due to its implication in vast land seizures, the violent eviction of communities across Cambodia and Laos, and illegal logging says Global Witness.
What followed was akin to a military occupation. Five of the six VRG concessions Global Witness visited in Cambodia were guarded by soldiers or military police, who conducted regular patrols and manned check-points.
Satellite imagery analysed by Global Witness in 2013 revealed that large swathes of forests had been cleared within VRG's concessions. Five years later, land disputes with local communities are still ongoing.
In a letter dated January 2018, VRG told Global Witness that it had abided by all relevant laws, regulations and processes in Cambodia, and had made significant investments in infrastructure and social projects for local communities, leading to improvements in their lives. The company also mentioned the positive impact of job creation, as well as its collaboration with local NGOs to address any negative environmental consequences.
In response to allegations of forced evictions in Kampong Thom province VRG told Global Witness that it had compensated affected communities in the area who were satisfied with the compensation.
In response to allegations of impacts on communities in Ratanakiri province VRG told Global Witness that it had consulted local communities who supported the project.


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Man in New Hampshire Brutally Kills Wife's Lover, Then Makes Her Saw Off His Head
The murderer first badly assaulted his wife and proceeded to lure her lover to a lonely spot for murdering him.
By Akshay Saraswat
September 26, 2020 14:21 +08
Illinois Teenager Arrested for Killing Two People During Kenosha Shooting
In a gruesome incident in Manchester, New Hampshire, a 30-year old man reacted in an extremely violent manner after discovering that his wife is having an affair and murdered her lover. But that is only one part of the horrendous story. The murder was committed by the accused through a brutal assault and, still not satiated in his appetite for revenge, he made his wife behead the dead body.
Armando Barron found out about his wife's extra-marital affair by going through her phone records. He then assaulted his wife, leaving her battered and bruised. The wife, 31-year old Brittany Barron, worked in a company that produces medical devices. She was having a secret affair with 25-year old Jonathan Amerault, her colleague.
Brittany Barron was assaulted by her husband and forced to decapitate victim's body New Hampshire police
Sequence of Events
Brittany told the police that her husband discovered the affair last Saturday. He launched a savage assault on the lady, beating her badly and also choking her into unconsciousness. Then, Armando planned an attack on Amerault. He texted him from his wife's phone and arranged a rendezvous at a park.
When the victim arrived, the main accused brutally beat up his wife's lover and then asked her to either kill the boy by shooting him or crushing his throat. When Brittany couldn't do as she was asked, Armando shot Amerault three times, murdering him.
Then the husband forced his wife to drive them, along with the dead body to a familiar spot, with the intention of disposing of the corpse. When they got there though, the murderer had another gory act in mind. He forced his wife to use a saw and decapitate the corpse.
Armando Barron is accused of capital murder New Hampshire Police
Discovery of crime
Armando then left the task of disposing of the body to his wife and drove back to his home. In the meanwhile, the victim's mother told police that he was missing and his colleagues, when asked, pointed out that the woman he is having an affair with has also not shown up at work.
Police swung into action and managed to arrest the main culprit who was trying to flee with his nine-year-old daughter. The wife was discovered in the forest where she was trying to dispose of the body by forest officials. She looked badly scarred on the face and her left eye was injured.
Armando now faces the charge of capital murder while his wife is also accused of tampering with evidence. However, her lawyer is trying to convince the court that she was acting under duress and therefore shouldn't be held guilty for her actions. The judge, as of now, has sent both persons to police custody with the man not having the option of bail.
The appearance of Brittany may work in her favor and lead to her being treated leniently. Considering that she was also a victim of assault and, as per her account, didn't shoot her boyfriend dead when asked to, she may get only a meager punishment.
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Дилетантизм, или дилетантство (от  ←  «увеселение, забава») — занятие какой-либо деятельностью (например, наукой, искусством, ремеслом) без должных знаний и профессиональной подготовки.

Дилетантизм имеет свою слабую и сильную стороны. Слабая сторона — дилетант не имеет глубоких знаний о предмете своих занятий, поэтому допускает ошибки. Как правило, это человек, ограничивающий масштаб познаний собственным опытом, или суждения которого в отношении чего-либо основаны на поверхностных познаниях. Сильная сторона — его мысли свободны для новых комбинаций, не будучи заранее парализованы традицией школы.

Дилетант (дилетантка ж., итал.) — охотник, любитель, человек, занимающийся музыкой, искусством, художеством, не по промыслу, а по склонности, по охоте, для забавы.

Дилетанты успешно действовали во многих науках в период их становления: в термодинамике (врачи Р. Майер и Г. Гельмгольц), в математике (юристы П. Ферма и Г. Лейбниц), в кибернетике (врач-психиатр Р. Эшби), в генетике (священник Г. Мендель). Дилетанты добивались определённых успехов и в других областях, как И. П. Кулибин в техническом изобретательстве и строительстве, В. Н. Татищев в истории, географии и экономике, Генрих Шлиман в археологии.
В то же время археологическая работа Шлимана демонстрирует, что дилетантский подход может причинять и прямой вред: его раскопки причинили заметный ущерб тем из раскопанных им культурных слоёв, которые его не интересовали (что, впрочем, было вообще характерно для раскопок того времени).

Характерный пример деятельности дилетантов-механиков — конструирование вечного двигателя: научно доказано и общеизвестно, что он невозможен, однако попытки подобного рода не прекращаются.

См. также

 Графомания
 Профессионализм
 Шарлатанство
 Эрудиция

Примечания

Ссылки
 Герцен А. И. «Дилетантизм в науке»
 Кузьмин Д. В. «Маргиналы и профессионалы»
 Парадоксы науки: «Дилетант-специалист»

Черты личности

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Youths and 'Moms' endorse Newark rally against gun violence, NJ firearm bills
Activists in Essex County support two gun reform bills set to be heard before an NJ Assembly appropriations committee in Trenton on Thursday.
Matt Kadosh
MILLBURN — It wasn't designed to happen that way, but on Tuesday, March 20, the same morning a gunman wounded two students in a Maryland high school, parents gathered in Essex County to organize against gun violence.
About 75 people, mostly Millburn residents heard from leaders of the Essex County branch of Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, a group urging legislators to enact gun law reforms.
Christine McGrath, a co-leader of the Essex County group of the national group, told the audience at the Millburn Public Library that Moms Demand Action has seen a surge of support following the deadly school shooting in Parkland, Florida.
"It's a mixed emotion we have," McGrath said. "We're all here because we're fed up with the fact that nothing changes, and people are left to die."
Walkouts:Bloomfield HS, Montclair HS students hold walkout, marking month after Florida killings
Nation:Gunman at Maryland high school dies after armed school officer intervenes; 2 others injured
As of this past January, Moms Demand Action had 70,000 active volunteers nationwide, she said. "We think that number is going to go through the roof," predicted McGrath.
McGrath said she joined Moms Demand Action after the Orlando shooting in Pulse Nightclub in 2016, but she wants to create change locally in New Jersey.
More than 300 handgun permits have been issued in Millburn, she said, telling local parents about two gun-safety bills slated to go before the state Assembly Appropriations Committee on Thursday.
If approved, A1217, the Extreme Risk Protection Order of 2018, would then authorize gun-ownership restraining orders and firearm seizure warrants under certain circumstances.
Those circumstances include a threat or act of violence to one's self or others, a violation of a restraining order, or a recent threat to others, according to a draft of the legislation.
The second bill, A2761, would reduce the legal capacity of ammunition magazines to 10 rounds, with .22 cal. tubular magazines exempted from the 10-round limitation.
Moms Demand Action supports both measures, McGrath said.
"We want to make sure domestic abusers don't have access to guns," she said. "We want to make sure people on the domestic terrorist watch list don't have access to guns."
McGrath emphasized the importance of the bill which, if enacted into law, could then permit the seizure of guns from people who might be suicidal.
"If you have a family member that is expressing suicidal thoughts, and you do not know if they have a gun, you can go and see if they have a gun," she said.
McGrath cited activism across Essex County, including a meeting in Montclair shortly after the Parkland shooting, which drew some 300 supporters.
"Moms Demand Action in New Jersey has experienced unprecedented interest in New Jersey over the past month, and this local meeting in Millburn is just one example of the hundreds of people who have reached out," McGrath said.
Jay Morreale, who co-leads the Moms Demand Action supporters in Millburn, is encouraging the local membership to attend an upcoming rally against gun violence, The March for Our Lives, to be held this Saturday in Newark.
It matches student-led marches being held nationwide such as in Washington, D.C., Morristown, and New York City.
"It has always struck me that as advanced and as forward-thinking country as we are, we still have the largest number of deaths by guns of any developed country per capita," Morreale said.
Corinna Davis, a 17-year-old Montclair High School senior, is among the student activists who will participate in the March For Our Lives New Jersey rally in Newark, which is being supported by Women for Progress and Moms Demand Action in NJ.
The rally will be held in Military Park, 51 Park Place, Newark, starting at 10 a.m.
Davis is a member of Essex County Students Demand Action — a group that includes youths from Nutley, Montclair, Glen Ridge, and Bloomfield.
The group's focus is supporting fellow students in Newark, a city that experiences a high rate of gun violence.
In 2016, 105 homicides occurred in Newark. In 2017, gun violence increased by 27 percent in the state's largest city, according to March For Our Lives organizers website.
Davis said that following the student walk-out last Wednesday, during which she spoke to fellow Montclair High School students, she feels empowered by the influx of her peers' support for the cause.
"Whether it's marching, or writing to our congress-people or calling our congress-people, we'll do what it takes," she said. For her voting-age peers that also includes going to the polls, Davis said.
Bergen:Panel in Oradell: Gun violence is a women's issue
Essex:Anti-gun violence group expands in West Essex
Emily Paule, an 18-year-old Bloomfield High School senior and co-leader of Essex County Students Demand Action, described last week's walkout as representing a culmination of anger and hurt over officials' inaction. Paule also plans to attend the Newark rally.
"This rally in Newark, this protest is the next step in what I hope is a movement that continues forward," Paule said.
Bloomfield is no stranger to gun violence, having experienced two fatal shootings since February.
On March 12, a Bloomfield resident who faced drug charges in Union County 2015 was shot dead on North 17th Street. In February, an East Orange resident was shot dead on Ampere Road in Bloomfield.
"It's not just something we see on the news," Paule said. "This is something we deal with in our community a lot. It is a sobering reminder."
North Jersey:March for Our Lives: Where to find protests in your area on Saturday
Bergen County:Community gathers to celebrate Alyssa Alhadeff, teen killed in Parkland shooting
Paule said students from Glen Ridge High School are organizing a pre-rally in the borough prior to the 10 a.m. rally in Newark. As of Tuesday, details had yet to be announced.
Also in Essex County, a pre-rally will be held at the Maplewood Trian Station, 145 Dunnell Road, at 8:30 a.m.
Opinion:Letter: Bring common sense to the gun debate
Region:North Jersey moms fear for their children in school
McGrath will be among those supporting students in Newark on Saturday.
"The truth is that is where gun violence is happening on a daily basis, and we need to show solidarity in Newark," she said.
For the full list of March For Our Lives events in New Jersey, visit www. marchforourlivesnj.org.
NorthJersey.com Staff Writers Lindsey Kelleher and Ricardo Kaulessar contributed to this article, which also contains reporting from USA Today Staff Writer John Bacon.
Email: kadosh@northjersey.com


Samsung's answer to the latest iPhone, the S10 series is available in three models with prices ranging from 759 to 1,609 euros! At that price, it's very high-end with an innovative wireless charging system, the most potent Wi-Fi or a promising photo part.
On the camera side, the S10e features a dual 12-megapixel wide angle sensor and a 16-megapixel ultra wide angle sensor. The S10 and S10+ also feature a 12-megapixel telephoto lens sensor. On the selfie side, the S10 and S10e have a 10-megapixel sensor on board, while the S10+ has an additional 8-megapixel RGB photosensor, which takes up a little more space in the corner of the screen. For the battery, count from 3,100 mAh to 4,100 mAh depending on the model.
The 5G is not yet up to date, at least on the S10, S10e, and S10+ models. Indeed, Samsung presented the latest model in the range, the S10 5G reserved for the United States for the moment. In addition to the 5G, it stands out from the other models thanks to a 6.7-inch display, a quad lens camera and a 4,500 mAh battery. It will have 8 gigabytes of RAM, as well as 256 gigabytes of storage, but will not contain a microSD port. It will be launched exclusively with Verizon Wireless until this summer, and should then be available from other US operators.
Operators are trying, by all means, to stand out, and Samsung has chosen to fight on all fronts. In addition to the under-screen fingerprint reader and an ultra-wide angle lens, the manufacturer has integrated a new feature into the wireless charging system, called Wireless PowerShare. It is not new since Huawei already offers a similar option, but it is still sporadic on the market. It turns the smartphone into a charging station for any Qi-compatible device. It is enough to help out another smartphone that has no battery, but above all, it is a function that allows you to recharge your wireless headphones or other accessories. Besides, it remains accessible while the mobile phone is connected to a wired charger. It can, therefore, be recharged and at the same time, charge another device.
From 6 to 12 GB of RAM!
For memory, it varies between 6 and 12 GB, and it's very comfortable since some computers don't even have as much RAM. It is yet a record for the most expensive model, which will, of course, be equipped with 1TB of storage capacity. There is also the screen to differentiate the models. The Lite goes back with a 5.8-inch angular edge screen. For the S10, the screen will be 6.1 inches with curved edges. For the S10 Plus, two models with a diagonal of 6.4 inches, and the last, always the most expensive, which reaches 6.7 inches. We're closer to the tablet than the phablet!
Officially, photography was invented on January 7, 1839. On that day, Arago presented the daguerreotype to the Academy of Sciences, named after its inventor Louis Daguerre. The latter improved Niepce's invention, who was the first in 1826 to succeed in fixing a heliography (photograph) entitled Point de Vue du Gras and taken from his window.
The very first photo albums appeared quickly around 1840, mainly created to catalog photographic essays: a kind of research notebook of the early explorers of photographic technology.
The creation of the first photo studios at the end of the 19th century quickly led the photo album to its still important vocation: to give a showcase to family memories. Well-off families make it a decorative, living room object, made available to visitors to tell the family story. The blankets are made fancier, sometimes in leather or mother-of-pearl. We often embed photographs in decorative cardboard.
At the same time, albums of post-mortem or funeral photographs developed. Commissioned by grieving families, these albums bring together images of the dead staged, sometimes with their eyes open, with their loved ones. This type of albums and photography will not continue although it still exists in some Eastern European countries.
Photographic technology is evolving rapidly. Colour photography was born in 1861, with a first image presented by Thomas Sutton. In 1869, Louis Ducos du Hauron and Charles Cros produced the first images based on trichromy; a process making possible the reproduction of a large number of colors from three primary colors.
In 1888, Georges Eastman marketed the Kodak, the first portable camera. He thus paved the way for the advent of amateur photography. At the beginning of 1900, the possibility of creating images and collecting them in the form of photo albums was open to everyone. The first extensible albums appeared, and pages were added at will to complete the family history as it came into being.
The first use of the photo album is also throughout the 20th century, the wedding album. Families who can afford it use a professional photographer for the day of the ceremony and the couple's photos. Depending on the service offered by the photographer, they can purchase a wedding photo album featuring the most beautiful images of the big day.
The beginning of the 19th century marked the triumph of digital photography and with it the printing of prints, posters, and the online photo album.
Scrapbooking is also developing, a favorite leisure activity, which consists in creating a unique photo album, in its image, using multiple accessories: stamps, stencils, fabrics, patterned paper, glitter, etc.
And for those who don't feel like a scrapbooker's soul, the offer of photo albums on the Internet is exploding. Everyone can then easily compose their album, choosing from hundreds of customizable templates to illustrate all the important moments of family life: birth, wedding, family celebrations, holidays, etc.
The album becomes a real photo book that takes its place in the family library.
Over the centuries, the photo album transformed according to the fashions and developments of photographic and printing techniques. But whatever the age, the vocation remains unchanged: to retrace, tell the family history and keep its memory for future generations. And given the rapid evolutions of IT, which switches from one storage medium to another in a few years (who can still read a floppy disk or a ZIP?), isn't paper finally the safest way to protect and highlight this family history?


text:
objects: 102
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show All artists' book (5) audio CD (1) catalogue raisonné (3) critical theory (10) ephemera (2) exhibition catalogue (60) monograph (3) multiple (1) periodical (11) poster (1) reference book (4)
L'Aventure Dada (1916-1922) : Essai, Dictionnaire et Textes Choisis par Georges Hugnet
[Second Edition]
Pierre Albert-Birot, Aragon, Céline Arnauld, Hans Arp, Johannes Baader, Johannes Theodor Baargeld, Hugo Ball, Jacques Baron, J.-K. Bonset, Gabrielle Buffet, Serge Charoune, Paul Citroën, Arthur Cravan, René Crevel, Jean Crotti, Paul Dermée, Otto Dix, Marcel Duchamp, Suzanne Duchamp, Viking Eggeling, Paul Eluard, Max Ernst, J. Evola, Otto Flake, Théodore Fraenkel, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Wieland Herzfelde, Emmy Hennings, Hannah Höch, Henrich Hoerle, Richard Huelsenbeck, Vincente Huidobro, Marcel Janco, Franz Jung, Adou Lacroix, Pierre de Massot, Walter Mehring, Clément Pansaers, Benjamin Péret, Francis Picabia, Man ray, Otto Van Rees, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Hans Richter, Jacques Rigaut, Erik Satie, Christian Schad, Rudolf Schlichter, Otto Schmalhausen, Kurt Schwitters, Walter Serner, Philippe Soupault, Sophie Tauber, Tristan Tzara, Jacques Vaché, Roger Vitrac
An overview of the Dada movement by Georges Hugnet. Introduction by Tristan Tzara. Cover by Marcel Duchamp. Artists featured include Pierre Albert-Birot, Aragon, Céline Arnauld, Hans Arp, Johannes Baader, Johannes Theodor Baargeld, Hugo Ball, Jacques Baron, J. ... [details]
Paris, France: Éditions Seghers, 1971
Condition: Fair / Good. Rubbing to covers and moderate rubbing of edges with light soiling of text block edge. Discrete small rubber stamp logo inside rear cover, otherwise contents clean and unmarked.
ISBN 377011292X
Westkunst : Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1939
Laszlo Glozer, Hugo Borger, Karl Ruhrberg, Kasper Koenig, Georges Roualt, Marc Chagall, Oskar Kokoschka, Man Ray, Salvador Dali, Yves Tanguy, Constantin Brancusi, Otto Freundlich, Henry Moore, Max Beckmann, Oskar Schlemmer, Paul Klee, Julius Bissier, Fritz Winter, Kurt Schwitters, Wassily Kandinsky, Georges Vantongerloo, Jean Arp, Alberto Magnelli, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Max Bill, Richard Paul Lohse, Camille Graeser, Julio Gonzalez, Henri Laurens, Pablo Picasso, Piet Mondrian, Joan Miró, Alexander Calder, Fernand Léger, Stuart Davis, László Moholy-Nagy, Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, André Masson, Roberto Echaurren Matta, Wilfredo Lam, Mark Tobey, Robert Motherwell, Arshile Gorky, Joseph Cornell, Giorgio de Chirico, Giorgio Morandi, Ivan Le Lorraine Albright, Eugene Berman, Paul Delvaux, Horace Pippin, Abraham Rattner, Stanley Spencer, Dorothea Tanning, Hans Bellmer, Balthus, Jean Hélion, Georges Braque, Jean Fautrier, Jean Dubuffet, Antonin Artaud, Henri Michaux, Alberto Giacometti, Wols (Wolfgang Schulze), Francis Picabia, René Magritte, Karel Appel, Constant (Constant Nieuwenhuys), Henry Heerup, Carl-Henning Pedersen, Willi Baumeister, Werner Heldt, Ernst Wilhelm Nay, Hans Hartung, Lucio Fontana, Jackson Pollock, David Smith, Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Henri Matisse, Bram Van Velde, Jean Bazaine, Serge Poliakoff, Maria Helena Veira da Silva, Nicolas De Staël, Pierre Soulages, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Sam Francis, Georges Mathieu, César Domela, Fritz Glarner, Josef Albers, Auguste Herbin, Ellsworth Kelly, Norbert Kricke, Reg Butler, Lynn Chadwick, Pietro Consagra, Etienne Martin, Herbert Ferber, Bernhard Heiliger, Barbara Hepworth, Berto Lardera, Luciano Minguzzi, Mirko (Mirko Basaldella), Eduardo Paolozzi, Theodore Roszak, Nicolas Schoeffer, Hans Uhlmann, Alberto Burri, Giuseppe Capogrossi, Emilio Vedova, K.R.H. Sonderborg, Karl Otto Götz, Bernard Schultze, Emil Schumacher, Francis Bacon, Germaine Richier, Asger Jorn, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Arnulf Rainer, Antonio Saura, Antoni Tapies, Eduardo Chillida, Mark Rothko, Cy Twombly, Edward Hopper, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Richard Hamilton, Bernard Réquichot, Raymond Hains, Jacques Mahé de la Villéglé, François Dufrene, Yves Klein, Arman (Armand Fernandez), Christo, Jean Tinguely, Niki de Saint-Phalle, Daniel Spoerri, Mimmo Rotella, Piero Manzoni, Jan J. Schoonhoven, Heinz Mack, Otto Piene, Günther Uecker, Jesus-Raphael Soto, Gotthard Graubner, Yaakov Agam (Jacob Gipstein), Pol Bury, Frank Joseph Malina, Paul Talman, Diter Rot [Dieter Roth], Diter Rot [Dieter Roth], John Cage, George Brecht, Wolf Vostell, Robert Filliou, Nam June Paik, Allan Kaprow, Jim Dine, George Segal, Claes Oldenburg, Ad Reinhardt, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Morris Louis, Roy Lichtenstein, John Chamberlain, James Rosenquist, Mark di Suvero, Andy Warhol, Robert Morris, Donald Judd, Dan Flavin, Robert Ryman, Agnes Martin, Larry Poons, Sol LeWitt, Carl Andre, Paul Thek, Horace Clifford Westermann, Richard Artschwager, Edward Kienholz, Öyvind Fahlström, William N. Copley, Georg Baselitz, Frank Auerbach, David Hockney, Larry Bell, John McCracken, Edward Ruscha, Bruce Nauman, John Baldessari, Hermann Nitsch, Günter Brus, Otto Muehl, Joseph Beuys, Sigmar Polke, Gerhard Richter, A.R. Penck [Ralf Winkler], Jörg Immendorff, Blinky Palermo, Ulrich Rückriem, Richard Tuttle, Salon de la Jeune Peinture, Walter de Maria, Richard Long, Michael Heizer, Jan Dibbets, Robert Smithson, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Pino Pascali, Pier Paolo Calzolari, Mario Merz, Luciano Fabro, Jannis Kounellis, Giulio Paolini, Giuseppe Penone, Giovanni Anselmo, James Lee Byars, Franz Erhard Walther, Gilbert & George, Robert Barry, Douglas Huebler, Joseph Kosuth, Lawrence Weiner, On Kawara, Panamarenko, Jean Le Gac, Christian Boltanski, Daniel Buren, Malcolm Morley, Hanne Darboven, Richard Serra, Reiner Ruthenbeck, Eva Hesse, Vito Acconci, Dan Graham, Marcel Broodthaers
Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held at Museen der Stadt, Köln, Germany, May 20 - August 16, 1981. Texts by Laszlo Glozer, Hugo Borger, Karl Ruhrberg, and Kasper Koenig. Artists include Laszlo Glozer, Hugo Borger, Karl Ruhrberg, Kasper Koenig, Georges Roualt, Marc Chagall, Oskar Kokoschka, Man Ray, Salvador Dali, Yves Tanguy, Constantin Brancusi, Otto Freundlich, Henry Moore, Max Beckmann, Oskar Schlemmer, Paul Klee, Julius Bissier, Fritz Winter, Kurt Schwitters, Wassily Kandinsky, Georges Vantongerloo, Jean Arp, Alberto Magnelli, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Max Bill, Richard Paul Lohse, Camille Graeser, Julio Gonzalez, Henri Laurens, Pablo Picasso, Piet Mondrian, Joan Miró, Alexander Calder, Fernand Léger, Stuart Davis, László Moholy-Nagy, Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, André Masson, Roberto Echaurren Matta, Wilfredo Lam, Mark Tobey, Robert Motherwell, Arshile Gorky, Joseph Cornell, Giorgio de Chirico, Giorgio Morandi, Ivan Le Lorraine Albright, Eugene Berman, Paul Delvaux, Horace Pippin, Abraham Rattner, Stanley Spencer, Dorothea Tanning, Hans Bellmer, Balthus, Jean Hélion, Georges Braque, Jean Fautrier, Jean Dubuffet, Antonin Artaud, Henri Michaux, Alberto Giacometti, Wols (Wolfgang Schulze), Francis Picabia, René Magritte, Karel Appel, Constant (Constant Nieuwenhuys), Henry Heerup, Carl-Henning Pedersen, Willi Baumeister, Werner Heldt, Ernst Wilhelm Nay, Hans Hartung, Lucio Fontana, Jackson Pollock, David Smith, Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Henri Matisse, Bram Van Velde, Jean Bazaine, Serge Poliakoff, Maria Helena Veira da Silva, Nicolas De Staël, Pierre Soulages, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Sam Francis, Georges Mathieu, César Domela, Fritz Glarner, Josef Albers, Auguste Herbin, Ellsworth Kelly, Norbert Kricke, Reg Butler, Lynn Chadwick, Pietro Consagra, Etienne Martin, Herbert Ferber, Bernhard Heiliger, Barbara Hepworth, Berto Lardera, Luciano Minguzzi, Mirko (Mirko Basaldella), Eduardo Paolozzi, Theodore Roszak, Nicolas Schoeffer, Hans Uhlmann, Alberto Burri, Giuseppe Capogrossi, Emilio Vedova, K. ... [details]
Köln, Germany: DuMont Buchverlag, 1981
Opus International : Duchamp Et Apres
Marcel Duchamp, Alain Jouffroy, Man Ray, Arturo Schwarz, Robert Cordier, Jindrich Chalupecky, Kim Levin, Nicolas Calas, Allan Kaprow, Michael Kirby, Octavio Paz, Jean-Clarence Lambert, Alain Roussel, Ben, Gerard Durozoi, Gerald Gassiot-Talabot, Gilles Aillaud, Michel Troche, Enrico Crispolti
March 1974 issue of Opus International focusing on Marcel Duchamp. Articles include "Etant donné Marcel Duchamp 1) Individualiste révolutionnaire 2) respirateur," by Alain Jouffroy; "Bi lingual ography I and Marcel," by Man Ray; "Qu'y a-t-il dans un mot?," by Arturo Schwarz; "Statue de Mot pour Marcel," by Robert Cordier; "Les Symboles chez Marcel Duchamp," by Jindrich Chalupecky; "Duchamp á New York: Le Grand Oeuvre," by Kim Levin; "Etant Donnés: La derniére oeuvre de Duchamp," Nicolas Calas; "Entendre John Cage, entendre Duchamp," dialogue avec Alain Jouffroy; "L'utilité d'un passé déterminé," by Allan Kaprow; "Hommage á Marcel Duchamp: A Balcony Piece," by Michael Kirby; :Le Château de la Pureté," by Octavio Paz; "36 Questions á Daniel Pommereulle autour de Duchamp," by Jean-Clarence Lambert; "Le Ready-Made, ou la fausse réconcilation d l'art et de la vie," by Alain Roussel; "Trois Fenêtres," by Ben; "Le Roman-momie de la Mariée," by Gerard Durozoi; Persistent et Signent," by Gerald Gassiot-Talabot; "Comment s'en débarrasser, ou un an plus tard," by Gilles Aillaud, Arroyo, Recalcati; "Post-Scriptum," by Gilles Aillaud; "M. ... [details]
Paris, France: Opus International / Editions Georges Fall, 1974
Condition: Very Good. Light overall rubbing and scuffing of covers with yellowing from age. Contents are clean and unmarked and binding is tight at the spine.
[Object # 8082]
29.3 x 23 cm. (catalogue) ; 11.4 x 13.9 cm. (card)
[4] pp. (catalogue) ; [1] pp. (card)
Objects of My Affection : An Exhibition by Man Ray [ aka : The Kiss (Poster for Man Ray exhibition, Julien Levy Gallery ; aka : Brochure for the Julien Levy Gallery Exhibition, Man Ray: Objects of My Affection ]
Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp
Oversized single fold exhibition pamphlet published in conjunction with opening held April 10, 1945. Includes artist statement by Man Ray, a checklist of the exhibition, and a key to the meaning of some commonly used symbols in Man Ray's artwork. ... [details]
New York, NY: Julien Levy Gallery, 1945
View : The Modern Magazine
Series V, No. 1 (March 1945)
Marcel Duchamp, Charles Henri Ford, Andre Breton, James Thrall Soby, Gabrielle Buffet, Robert Desnos, Harriet Janis, Sidney Janis, Nicolas Calas, Frederick J. Kiesler, Barry Ulanov, Man Ray, Florine Stettheimer, Joseph Cornell, Max Ernst, Maya Deren, Yves Tanguy, Matta, Mina Loy, Julien Lecy, Henrie Waste, Robert Allerton Parker, Leon Kochnitzky
First issue of "View: The Modern Magazine," a special issue on Marcel Duchamp published in 1945. Edited by Charles Henri Ford. Articles include: "Flag of Ecstasy," by Charles Henri Ford; "The Point of View: Testimony," and "Lighthouse of the Bride," by Andre Breton; "Marcel Duchamp in the Arensberg Collection," by James Thrall Soby; "Magic Circles," by Gabrielle Buffet; "Rrose Selavy (1921-23)," by Robert Desnos; "Marcel Duchamp, Anti-Artist," by Harriet and Sidney Janis; "Cheat to Cheat," by Nicolas Calas; "Les Larves D'Imagie, D'Henri robert Marcel Duchamp," by Frederick J. ... [details]
New York, NY: View, Inc., 1945
Condition: Very Good. Light rubbing of cover and edges, along spine, and at corners. Contents fully intact, clean and unmarked.
Le Dessin Dans L'Art Magique
Marcel Duchamp, Henri Michaux, André Verdet, Jean Arp, Yves Tanguy, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miro, Matta, Marc Chagall, Wols (Wolfgang Schulze), Henri Matisse, Andre Masson, Léonor Fini, Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Victor Brauner, Rene Magritte, Man Ray, Francis Picabia, Jean Dubuffet, Kurt Schwitters, Mark Tobey, Jasper Johns, Paul Klee, Marie Laure, Marcel Polak
Oversized exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held October 21 - November 20, 1958. Texts by Henri Michaux and André Verdet, in French. Artists included Jean Arp, Yves Tanguy, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miro, Matta, Marc Chagall, Wols (Wolfgang Schulze), Henri Matisse, Andre Masson, Léonor Fini, Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Victor Brauner, Rene Magritte, Man Ray, Francis Picabia, Jean Dubuffet, Kurt Schwitters, Mark Tobey, Jasper Johns, Paul Klee, Marie Laure, Marcel Polak, Domingues, Mathieu, and Tobey. ... [details]
Paris, France: Galerie Rive Droite, 1958
3 vol. : 75 pp. ; 8 pp. ; 1 pp.
Dictionnaire Abrégé du Surrealisme / Exposition Internationale Du Surréalisme
Yves Tanguy, Andre Breton, Paul Eluard, Marcel Duchamp, Claude Le Gentil, Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Wolfgang Paalen, Andre Masson, Kurt Seligmann, Sonia Mossé, Hans Arp, Oscar Dominguez, Léo Malet, Joan Miro, Marcel Jean, Espinoza, Roberto Sebastian Matta Echaurren, Maurice Henry, Giorgio de Chirico, Ann Clark, Joseph Cornell, P. Norman Dawson, Paul Delvaux, Freddie, Alberto Giacometti, S.W. Hayter, Georges Hugnet, Humphrey Jennings, Rita Kernn-Larsen, Rene Magritte, E.L.T. Mesens, Henry Moore, Stellan Morner, Paul Nash, Nina Negri, Richard Oelze, Taro Okamoto, Meret Oppenheim, Erik Olson, Roland Penrose, Benjamin Peret, Olivier Picard, Pablo Picasso, Remedios, Max Servais, Jindrich Styrsky, Esaias Thoren, Elsa Thoresen, Maria Cerminova Toyen, Raoul Ubac, Gerard Vulliamy
Exhibition catalogue / artists' book and program published in conjunction with the Exposition Internationale Du Surréalisme held January - February, 1938. Artists included Yves Tanguy, Andre Breton, Paul Eluard, Marcel Duchamp, Claude Le Gentil, Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Wolfgang Paalen, Andre Masson, Kurt Seligmann, Sonia Mossé, Hans Arp, Oscar Dominguez, Léo Malet, Joan Miro, Marcel Jean, Espinoza, Roberto Sebastian Matta Echaurren, Maurice Henry, Giorgio de Chirico, Ann Clark, Joseph Cornell, P. ... [details]
Paris, France: Galerie Beaux-Arts, 1938
Condition: Very Good. Complete set of three elements including catalogue, program, and original bellyband. Light yellowing of paper due to age. Catalogue has light rubbing to spine, and 2 mm. loss to covers at head and tail edge of spine, otherwise clean and unmarked and binding is tight to the spine. Program has 5mm. tear to recto edge and 9 mm. dog-ear to lower right corner. 3 mm. tear to tail edge and 2 mm. of bending and loss to upper right corner. Significant yellowing of paper. Bellyband in Very Good condition with light rubbing and vintage penciled notes on front and back.
No. 26 (Winter 1937)
Marcel Duchamp, Ferdinand Man Ray, Fernand Leger, Eugene Jolas, James Johnson Sweeney, James Agee, Forrest Anderson, Hans Arp, Paul Eluard, Randall Jarrell, Raymond Queneau, André de Richaud, Muriel Rukeyser, Sanders Russell, Camille Schuwer, James Joyce, Franz Kafka, Michael Stuart, Aaron Copland, Brassaï, Edward Weston, André Lhote, Grace Pailthorpe, Karl Blossfeldt, Josef Albers, Alberto Magnelli, Joan Miró, Jean Hélion, Hans Hartung, John Piper, Wolgang Paalen, Wassily Kandinsky, László Moholy-Nagy, Piet Mondrian, Julio González, Nahum Gabo, Ben Nicholson, Henry Moore, Erwin Panofsky, Charles Tracy, Alexander Calder, Stuart Gilbert, Georges Pelorson, Keidrych Rhys, Wendell Bennett, Leo Frobenius, Frans M. Olbrechts, J.M. Richards, Edwin Denby
Winter 1937 issue of the periodical "Transition," edited by Eugene Jolas, associate editor James Johnson Sweeney. Front cover design by Marcel Duchamp reproducing the Readymade "Comb." Includes "In Memory of My Father," by James Agee; "Resurgent," by Forrest Anderson; "The Skeleton of the Day," by Hans Arp; "Le Pont Brisé," by Paul Eluard; "Two Poems," by Randall Jarrell; "Planetarische Reise," by Eugene Jolas; "Chêne et Chien," by Raymond Queneau; "Anonyme," by André de Richaud; "Lover as Fox," by Muriel Rukeyser; "Cactus Gardens," by Sanders Russell; "Séparation," by Camille Schuwer; "work in Progress. ... [details]
New York, NY: Transition, 1937
Condition: Poor / Fair. 4 x 1 cm. area of loss to recto edge with bumping along edge and a 2 x 1 cm. area of loss to corner. 3 cm. tear to spine edge and 2 cm. and 3.5 cm. tears on verso near spine. Light foxing of verso and discoloration and rubbing of recto and spine and cover edges. Water staining to edges of pages 1-35, 82 -122, 134 -136, 174 -189, and 196-206. Additional images available on request. Sold "as-is."
Film-Makers' Cinematheque Program for February 10-13, 1966
George Kuchar, The Kuchar Brothers, Red Grooms, Yvonne Andersen, Dominic Falcone, Mimi Gross, Susan Weidemann, Joyce Wieland, Carla Bley, Ray Jessel, Mike Mantler, Bob Cowan, Donna Kerness
Single sided program for films presented at Film-Makers' Cinematheque from February 10-13, [1966]. Films presented include "Moshulu Holiday," by George Kuchar; "Fat Feet," by Red Grooms with photography by Yvonne Andersen, produced by Red Grooms and Dominic Falcone, starring Dominic Falcone and Mimi Gross with a guest appearance by Susan Weidemann; "Water Sark," by Joyce Wieland with sound by Carla Bley, Ray Jessel, and Mike Mantler; "Soul Frieze," "Academy Luncheon, and "Model Toddle," by Bob Cowan featuring Donna Kerness. [details]
New York, NY: Film-Makers' Cinematheque, 1966
Condition: Good. Folded in two with a 5 cm. dog-ear to upper right corner, bumping of additional corners, and mark from removed staple.
Dissent!
Susan Dackerman, Joseph Beuys, Auguste Bouquet, Enrique Chagoya, Sister Corita, Honoré-Victorin Daumier, Vincent Gagliostro , General Idea, James Gillray, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, Guerrilla Girls, Richard Hamilton, Karen Hanmer, Jenny Holzer, Jasper Johns, Käthe Kollwitz, Glenn Ligon, George Maciunas, Edouard Manet, Jonathan Mulliken, Raymond Pettibon, Charles Philipon, Pablo Picasso, José Guadalupe Posada, David Rees, Faith Ringgold, Richard Serra, Ben Shahn, Strike Poster Workshop, Fred Tomaselli, Andy Warhol
Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held at the Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA, November 11, 2006 - February 25, 2007. Text by Susan Dackerman. Artists include Joseph Beuys, Auguste Bouquet, Enrique Chagoya, Sister Corita, Honoré-Victorin Daumier, Vincent Gagliostro , General Idea, James Gillray, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, Guerrilla Girls, Richard Hamilton, Karen Hanmer, Jenny Holzer, Jasper Johns, Käthe Kollwitz, Glenn Ligon, George Maciunas, Edouard Manet, Jonathan Mulliken, Raymond Pettibon, Charles Philipon, Pablo Picasso, José Guadalupe Posada, David Rees, Faith Ringgold, Richard Serra, Ben Shahn, Strike Poster Workshop, Fred Tomaselli, Andy Warhol, and others. ... [details]
Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum / Harvard University Art Museums, 2006
Condition: Fine.


This course teaches you the fundamental skills necessary to configure andmanage modern, open standards-based networking solutions. This courseconsists of approximately 20% lecture and 80% hands-on lab exercises to helpyou learn how to implement and validate small to medium enterprise networksolutions. This 3-day course prepares network professionals for the HPE ATP -Aruba Mobile First Solutions V1 certification exam.In this course, participants learn about ArubaOS switch technologies including:VLANs, securing access, redundancy technologies such as MSTP, linkaggregation techniques including LACP, and switch virtualization with Aruba'sVirtual Switching Framework (VSF). You also learn about IP Routing includingstatic and dynamic IP routing with OSPF. This course teaches you how todeploy Aruba wireless Access Points and configure Aruba Clusteringtechnology. It also teaches you how to configure, manage and monitor the network with the Aruba AirWave management solution.


text:
Q: how to use a graph to understand constraint optimization and Lagrange multipliers
let's say we have a circle on x-y plane and then we tilt the circle around 30 degree and point A is anchor.

we want to maximize the distance from the point $(x, y, z)$ to the origin $$f(x,y,z)=x^2+y^2+z^2$$ subject to the constraint that the point lie on the circle.
It is obvious that B is the point we want. But according to the optimisation theory,  $\nabla f(x,y,z)$ has to be orthogonal to the tangent plane of B in the circle, but that's impossibile, I know I must have something wrong, but where do I go wrong?

A: You're thinking in terms of, for example, optimizing a function of two variables on a curve in $\Bbb{R}^2$, or optimizing a function of three variables over a surface in $\Bbb{R}^3$. In these situations, you have a function $f$ which you want to optimize, and a function $g$ so that $g(\mathbf{x})=c$ defines your constraint. Then (roughly) at a local maximum or minimum, we have $\nabla f = \lambda \nabla g$, where $\lambda$ is a constant, i.e. $\nabla f$ is parallel to $\nabla g$, causing $\nabla f$ to be perpendicular to the curve.
However, this situation is different; we're looking to optimize a function of three variables over a curve in $\Bbb{R}^3$. Provided that $g$ is "nice" enough to work with for these purposes at $c$, any constraint $g(\mathbf{x}) = c$ would actually define a surface (intuitively: $g$ is a function of three variables, setting $g(\mathbf{x})=c$ removes one degree of freedom, leaving a region parametrized by two variables). So, in order to describe the curve in the OP, we wold need two constraints: $g_1(\mathbf{x}) = c_1$ and $g_2(\mathbf{x})=c_2$. In this situation, you find the local extrema by solving the following system of equations:
$$\nabla f = \lambda \nabla g_1+\mu \nabla g_2$$
Where $\lambda, \mu$ are constants. This equation does not impose any impossible constraints on the direction of $\nabla f$. Geometrically speaking, the curve is the intersection of two surfaces given by $g_1(\mathbf{x}) = c_1$ and $g_2(\mathbf{x})=c_2$ (one for each constraint), and at $B$, $\nabla f$ must merely be in the plane generated by $\nabla g_1 (B)$ and $\nabla g_2(B)$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Chennai: Veteran AIADMK leader P H Pandian today raised suspicions over J Jayalalithaa's death, alleging there was a quarrel at her Poes Garden home during which she was "pushed down" and collapsed even as he stoutly opposed making her close aide V K Sasikala as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
In a fresh twist to the row over the death of the AIADMK supremo and former chief minister, Pandian, an ex-assembly Speaker, suspected foul play, alleging that her demise occurred under unnatural circumstances and demanded a probe on her hospitalisation.
Jayalalithaa was admitted to Apollo hospital here on September 22 and passed away on December five after a 75-day battle for her life.
Pandian levelled the allegations at a joint news conference along with his son Manoj, a party functionary, while referring to an incident on September 22 at the Poes Garden residence before she was hospitalised.
Questioning the secrecy surrounding the death of Jayalalithaa, he said events that took place ahead of Jayalalithaa's hospitalisation should be probed involving those at home. "The hospital may cite patient's right of privacy, but no one at home can take this defence," he said.
The charges were made by Pandian, a day after London-based specialist Richard Beale, Apollo and government doctors ruled out poisoning as the cause of Jayalalithaa's death and asserted that there was "no conspiracy" or mystery in either the line of treatment or what led to her end.
Opposing the elevation of Sasikala, Pandian said she does not have the locus standi to either be the party chief or Chief Minister.
"Sasikala does not deserve to be either the party supremo or the Chief Minister," Pandian said, two days after Sasikala was elected AIADMK Legislature Party leader, paving the way for her becoming the chief minister.
Pandian claimed that within 20 days of the demise of Jayalalithaa, party leaders were "made to say" that they wanted Sasikala to be the party chief.
Manoj, who was also AIADMK Rajya Sabha member between 2010-16, referred to the "present developments", an apparent reference to Sasikala being chosen AIADMK Legislature party leader, and said it was "happening against the wishes of the people by betraying them".


17000 ft Foundation is a Not for Profit Organization setup with a focus to improve lives of people living in very remote villages, in areas that lie isolated and forgotten due to difficulties posed by tough terrain.
17000 ft, 3 mountain passes, -20 degree temperatures, 25 horses, 1500 kg of school furniture and a 100 eager, smiling children in one of the remotest schools of rural Ladakh, is where our story began.
17000 ft – Is the highest our team has crossed on foot and the furthest we have travelled to reach our remotest beneficiary - A school in remote Ladakh which remains cut off from civilization for 6 months of a year due to harsh winters. We've seen some incredibly remote schools, in the harshest of terrains, with extremely dedicated teachers and a sometimes just a handful of children. Struggling with bare minimum infrastructure and even lesser resources, managing just with determination and the will to succeed, these far-flung little schools of Ladakh are the only hope for the nomadic and rural children of Ladakh.
17000 ft Foundation is the story of a team of inspired corporate professionals and avid trekkers who left their corporate worlds to embark on a journey of social change. We started out in 2012 with just a few schools, today, our programs cover two districts, and almost 900 schools of Ladakh.