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Twelve Years: Black Slaves and Gays
by Bob Rees • December 14, 2013 • 3 Comments
"Analogy: a comparison between two things that are similar in some way." (Bing Dictionary)
There are no perfect analogies but even imperfect analogies can be useful. The following analogy may be particularly imperfect but it may also be perfectly useful.
I just returned from watching Twelve Years a Slave, the film about Solomon Northup, a free Black man from New York who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in 1841. Northrup endured a dozen years of brutal servitude on Louisiana plantations before being freed. The film is disturbing and painful to watch because of the inhumane treatment of Solomon and other slaves by their white "masters" and overseers. I found myself both mesmerized and at times turning away from the violence against the powerless blacks who were considered the property of their white owners. Although I have read about this dark period in our history, have taught black authors who have written about slavery (including Nat Turner), and seen other films and photos depicting conditions under slavery, it wasn't until Twelve Years that I understood on a deep visceral level what slavery must have felt like for those who suffered under it.
As I watched the film, I couldn't help thinking about the experience of LGBT Mormons over the past half century (and longer). I don't want to make too much of this comparison, because they are clearly very different forms and degrees of oppression. By comparing them it might unfairly minimize the extreme, systematic misery caused by the institution of slavery. Meanwhile the suffering of some LGBT people should not necessarily be minimized either when one considers those who have been brutalized, murdered, and tortured, as well as those who committed suicide because of the oppression and ostracism they faced. There are parallels worth noting—and lessons worth learning in looking at the one in relation to the other, examining the similarities and the differences.
To begin with, in order to satisfy the prejudicial way in which enslaved blacks were viewed, Northrup (played brilliantly by the British star Chiwetel Ejiofor) is forced to deny his identity as a free man and thus live a closeted life. To survive, he has to deny that he is free, is financially successful, and is a respected member of his mixed New York community. This includes pretending that he is illiterate. In other words, he is forced to dissemble, to appear to be what he is not, to wear a mask, just as gays and lesbians have had to do in American and Mormon culture, being in a world in which it is simply too dangerous to admit a condition that dare not name itself.
Like blacks under slavery (and to some extent from that time to the present), LGBT individuals have at times been seen as less than human (in the film blacks are referred to as baboons and dogs and are treated worse than the plantation owners' animals). By and large, gays have not had to endure the worst kinds of treatment that slaves did—rape, brutal beatings, violent separation from their family members, and the denial of basic civil rights and due process for redress of grievances. Once again it might seem unfair to make a side by side comparison. However, it is worth noting that gay people most effectively escaped these persecutions because they were able to hide their identities more easily, but at the cost of significant psychological damage. Meanwhile, throughout history gay people have had to suffer different degrees of oppression that sometimes took extreme forms that resemble the treatment of slaves. Consider their treatment in Nazi Germany, and take note that the allies elected not to liberate gays from concentration camps even as they liberated other groups; the gay prisoners were compelled to complete the sentences imposed by the Nazis long after the war ended.
As I watched Northrup suffer humiliation, rejection and other indignities for those long years of servitude, my mind kept going to Bill Bradshaw's study of gay Mormons showing that historically gay Mormons suffered a dozen or so years from the time they were first aware of their sexual orientation (age twelve) until their first disclosure of this to anyone (age twenty four). Those years of isolation, loneliness, and lostness are not unlike those suffered by Northrup. For both groups, fear and even terror were/are dominant emotions.
Another parallel between the groups is seen in the way that their dominant white Christian cultures have used scripture to justify maltreatment of individuals and groups whom they considered cursed (with, respectively, a dark skin or with what has been considered an aberrant sexual desire). Both groups have argued that their treatment of a minority group was sanctioned by holy writ and, by extension, God. One might argue that, like blacks, gays have been enslaved by religious despotism, emotional illiteracy, scientific mythology, and social ignorance.
One scene in the film was particularly haunting for me: Northrup is nearly hanged by a brutal overseer but saved at the last minute by a superior overseer. Nevertheless, hanging precariously from a noose tied to a tree, he is only able to stay alive by keeping the tips of his toes intermittently touching the ground. As he hangs there suffering hour after hour, the overseer, the mistress of the plantation, and his fellow slaves go on about their lives as if he weren't even present, let alone in danger of dying. Finally, one fellow slave, risking being beaten herself, brings him a cup of water. As she did so, I thought of Jesus' words in Matthew, "I was thirsty and you gave me drink."
Thomas Jefferson, himself a slave owner, was undoubtedly unaware of the irony of his words when he said, "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man." Those of us who consider ourselves followers of Christ have made a similar covenant, one against any form of tyranny over the minds, bodies and spirits of any of God's children, including, in the language of the Book of Mormon, "black and white, bond and free, male and female." Were he alive today, Nephi undoubtedly would add "gay and straight" to this list.
As noted at the outset, I don't wish to push this comparison beyond its limits. Except for some notorious exceptions (one thinks of Matthew Shepherd, or the Nazi prisoners), for all of the discrimination and maltreatment gays and lesbians, bisexuals and transgender persons have had to endure, it shouldn't be directly compared with the degradation, violence and brutality that black slaves in the nineteenth century endured. On the other hand, when so many LGBT individuals have been driven to attempt and commit suicide, we cannot afford to minimize their plight. And the oppression of gay people in places like Iran, Uganda and Russia are reaching abysmal levels. We cannot reverse the history of slavery or homophobia, but we do have it within our power to change the present and the future of all who suffer under the hands of an oppressive minority.
In an interview about the film, Steve McQueen, the director of Twelve Years, said, "It's a narrative about today. It's not a black movie. It's an American movie. It's a narrative about human respect, more than anything." In speaking about the ending of the film when Solomon Northup finally gains his freedom but has to leave the rest of the blacks on the plantation locked in slavery, McQueen says, "It's totally devastating. We don't have too much control over too much of our circumstances. But what we can do, we have to do. What we can do we have to do. That's it."
Twelve years is a long time, a sixth of a lifetime, to be subject to any form of bondage. In Luke, Jesus says that among other things, he was sent "to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and . . . set the oppressed free." That is also our work, and it is just as important in relation to gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender individuals as it is to any group, no matter how close or how far the analogy. What we can do we have to do. That's it.
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3 comments for "Twelve Years: Black Slaves and Gays"
Martin Kokol
I too was really engaged by this movie – as a teacher of teachers of US history, I saw this exactly as it first appears: black slavery 1840s, with follow ups into Jim Crow 1920s. And yes, as a gay man, I also see the direct connections to LGBT self-flagllations in multiple generations outside of big city America, outside of secular life.
If Bradshaw has noted that it takes 12 years from awareness to disclosure, there can also be additional time for those "still left on the Latter Day plantation". For if disclosure takes place on the average at age 24, I have found many LGBT Saints pursuing or being pursued to continue their lives at the mercy (or lack thereof) of their masters until even age 36 (or like myself, even age 48) – as they dutifully marry, have children but then begin to unravel, horribly impacting more than just themselves.
With an underground railroad that often begins right here on-line, these members who either try to escape (or who are pushed to the brink by the awareness of time's accelerating advance) find themselves in different predicaments than the movie's hero. Their escape from the internal scars of self hatred, from their soon-to-be-realization of years lost to this spiritual encampment for the purposes of upholding a certain proclamation, offered by grandchildren of those who sought their own diversity of human relationships – alas, we come right up to the distinct possibility of a modern day story of masters and slaves.
The question, then, is for what purpose? What are the gains for such latter-day masters? What are the notions of superiority that are so deeply embedded in these men who hold keys to the slaves' mental assumptions that they must simply acquiesce at every turn, whether in the privacy of their prayers or in the public of their family reunions (if invited)?
In the end, I was able to understand why I shoved myself along in their intellectual construct, in their social arrangements – it had everything to do with a desire to belong as well as a lack of confidence that I could really know my own truth. What I find helpful, in this my 6th decade of mortality, is not only to assist others to find their voice, not only to gain a vision of what could be for their lives, but also to better understand the deeply held assumptions of straight privilege, wrapped inside of theological curtains. For without a doubt, wizards along our yellow brick roads do offer powerful voices of truth, impressive visions of grandeur.
This is a movie that offers a view and invites the viewer to feel pain for what was, but also invites us to find this powerful metaphor that you allude to, inviting the viewer to feel their reality for what is. May we take its figurative truths to do something for what must not be anymore.
Bob Rees
Thank you for taking time to give such a thoughtful response to my post. Several years ago I participated in a Sunstone panel on the double burden born by black gay Latter-day Saints. What seems clear is that we need new emancipation proclamations for all of those whom our society looks at as less than equal in God's eyes. In the nineteenth century slavery and polygamy were considered the "twin relics of barbarism." Our treatment of LGBT individuals reveals that we have not yet excised all of the relics of barbarism in our culture. The gospel of Christ calls for an end to all barbarism, individual and institutional. As I said at the end of my piece, "What we can do we have to do." Thank you for doing your part.
Thank you for your thoughtful article. I thought it was tastefully handled, yet powerful. I agree: What I can do I have to do.
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It's good to see that high pressure will be in control of our weather through this weekend.
This is going to be bringing plenty of dry weather with it, and sunshine for some, but there will be plenty of cloud around too as fronts create some complications in the weather story.
1. A weak front in the far south on Saturday brings cloud and a few spots of rain here. There could be some drizzle in northwest Scotland too.
2. Best sunshine on Saturday in the far north of England, southern Scotland and Northern Ireland.
3. Sunday is generally brighter with more sunshine for most.
4. A risk of some rain in northern Scotland, otherwise dry.
5. Chilly for most overnight into Monday, a touch of frost in western and southern areas.
Whatever your plans for the weekend, have a great one!


"We complied with a request from Emory University and Samaritan's Purse to provide a very limited amount of ZMapp last week," says David Howard, a spokesman for Reynolds American Services, the parent company of Kentucky BioProcessing. The small biopharma company in Owensboro, KY, has been contracted to grow the drug.
Making the serum is slow, in part, because the plants must be grown for several weeks before they are "infected" with a type of protein. "Basically the plants act like a photocopier of the proteins," Howard says.
Once they're infected, Howard says it takes a week for the plants to make enough of the protein to harvest and distill into a useable drug.
"Talk about transforming tobacco," Howard says.
Zeitlin says he hasn't even had a chance to publish a scientific paper on the compound, which is a combination of three antibodies that are thought to help in two ways.
One of the antibodies alerts the immune system to infected cells so they can be destroyed, says Erica Ollmann Saphire, Ph.D. She's a professor of immunology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA. She's been given a government grant to study the antibody cocktail.
Other experts who study Ebola urged caution with reports of Dr. Brantly's dramatic recovery on the drug.
He says news accounts that Brantley's rash disappeared in just an hour after receiving a dose of the drug don't make sense to him.
"If we can prove that whatever the treatment was worked, that's fantastic," he says. "That's exciting. But I'm cautiously optimistic, because with this particular outbreak, almost 40 percent of patients survive without treatment. So we want to make sure that it wasn't somebody that was going to survive anyway."
But Saphire says the accounts of Brantly's speedy turnaround seem plausible to her.
"I was worried, because in the studies in monkeys, you can save all of them if you treat within 24 hours. If you wait several days for disease to develop, you save half," she says. She adds that researchers had their fingers crossed that it wouldn't be too late for Brantly and Writebol, who had been infected for days before they received their doses.
She says she doesn't know how that would compare to health care workers infected in a clinic setting.
Larry Zeitlin, Ph.D., president of Mapp Biopharmaceuticals, San Diego, Calif.
Erica Ollmann Saphire, Ph.D., a professor of immunology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif.
Thomas Geisbert, MD, professor of infectious disease at The University of Texas Galveston Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.


text:
Q: Game of Life: Tried to increase computation efficiency with new algorithm, reduced in stead. Why? I'm programming Conway's Game of Life and have produced a working, smooth JS program. What I do in the working version is to check each neighboring coordinate of every coordinate in the grid, and either kill or spawn it based on its number of neighbors. Now I want to make the algorithm more efficient by keeping track of which coordinates are alive, and only process those and their neighbors, instead of the whole grid. I made this alternative program:

var g = 0;
var cellMatrix = new Array();
var height = 68;
var width = 100;
var livingCellIndex = 0;
var livingCells = new Array();

writeBoard();
declareFirstGeneration();
live();

function live() {

    processGeneration();
    g++;
    setTimeout(live, speed);

}

function declareNextGeneration() {

    livingCells[g + 1] = new Array();

    cellMatrix[g + 1] = new Array();

    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++) {

        cellMatrix[g + 1][x] = new Array();

        for (var y = 0; y < height; y++) {

            cellMatrix[g + 1][x][y] = false;
        }
    }
}

function declareFirstGeneration() {

    livingCells[g] = new Array();

    cellMatrix[g] = new Array();

    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++) {

        cellMatrix[g][x] = new Array();

        for (var y = 0; y < height; y++) {

            cellMatrix[g][x][y] = false;
        }
    }
}

function processGeneration() {

    declareNextGeneration();

    livingCellIndex = 0;

    var x, y;

    for (var i = 0; i < livingCells[g].length; i++) {

        x = livingCells[g][i][0];
        y = livingCells[g][i][1];

        numberOfNeighbors = getLivingNeighbors(x, y);
        //console.log("numberOfNeighbors", numberOfNeighbors);
        if (numberOfNeighbors == 2 || numberOfNeighbors == 3) {
            spawnCell(g + 1, x, y);
        } else {
            killCell(g + 1, x, y);
        }

        for (var neighborX = x - 1; neighborX <= x + 1; neighborX++) {
            for (var neighborY = y - 1; neighborY <= y + 1; neighborY++) {
                if (neighborX < width && neighborX >= 0 && neighborY < height && neighborY >= 0) {
                    numberOfNeighbors = getLivingNeighbors(neighborX, neighborY);
                    //console.log(g, neighborX, neighborY, "has ", numberOfNeighbors, " neighbors");
                    if (numberOfNeighbors == 3) {
                        spawnCell(g + 1, neighborX, neighborY);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    refreshGenerationDisplay(x,y);
}

function spawnCell(g, x, y) {

    cellMatrix[g][x][y] = true;
    livingCells[g][livingCellIndex] = new Array(2);
    livingCells[g][livingCellIndex][0] = x;
    livingCells[g][livingCellIndex][2] = y;
    document.getElementById(x + '-' + y).style.background = "green"; // visual grid
    livingCellIndex++;
}

function killCell(g, x, y) {
    cellMatrix[g][x][y] = false;
    document.getElementById(x + '-' + y).style.background = "none"; // visual grid
}

But I find that it is a lot slower than my first program. It seems like the computational cost of calculating each generation seems to increase with each generation. This surprises me because I though less data is handled in this alternative algorithm. I'm not sure if it is of interest, but here is the first version:
var g = 0;
var cellMatrix = new Array();
var height = 68;
var width = 100;

declareThisGeneration();

function live() {

    g++;

    processGeneration();
    setTimeout(live, speed);

}

function processGeneration() {

    if (oscillation) adjustGForOscillation();
    if (g > 0) {
        processNormalGeneration();
    } else {
        processFirstGeneration();
    }
}

function processFirstGeneration() {

    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        for (var y = 0; y < height; y++) {
            processFirstGenCell(g, x, y);
        }
    }
}

function processFirstGenCell(g, x, y) {

    if (cellMatrix[g][x][y]) { //if alive
        spawnCell(g, x, y);
    } else { //if dead
        killCell(g, x, y);
    }
}

function processNormalGeneration() {

    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        for (var y = 0; y < height; y++) {
            processCell(g, x, y);
        }
    }
}

function processCell(g, x, y) {

    var livingNeighbors = getLivingNeighbors(g - 1, x, y);

    if (cellMatrix[g - 1][x][y]) { //if alive
        if (livingNeighbors != 2 && livingNeighbors != 3) {
            killCell(g, x, y);
        } else {
            spawnCell(g, x, y);
        }
    } else { //if dead
        if (livingNeighbors == 3) {
            spawnCell(g, x, y);
        } else {
            killCell(g, x, y);
        }
    }
}

function spawnCell(g, x, y) {
    cellMatrix[g][x][y] = true;
    document.getElementById(x + '-' + y).className = 'alive';
}

function killCell(g, x, y) {

    cellMatrix[g][x][y] = false;
    document.getElementById(x + '-' + y).className = ''
}

My question is, what makes the "improved" algorithm so slow, and how can I reduce its cost?
Version 1 // first, fastest
Version 2 // new, slower

A: You keep allocating new Arrays for each generation in the new version; in the old version, you keep re-using the same grid.  In addition to being slower, if not a REASON for it being slower, is that your memory footprint keeps growing.

A: One possible explanation is that if you keep track on too many things, the computer will need to allocate more memory to store them, and that takes time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Se llaman almeas en Oriente a una clase de mujeres bastante parecidas a las bayaderas de la India, y forman, como estas, una especie de corporación de bailarinas, de cantantes y de músicas a la cual la imaginación de los poetas puede prestar atractivos tan enérgicos como poderosos.

Llamadas a las casas de los grandes, hacen las delicias de su sociedad íntima con sus bailes que saben animar con el canto y el sonido de los instrumentos; son más voluptuosas que las bayaderas. En efecto, antes de entregarse a este ejercicio que concluye por ser muy violento por causa de su duración y de su vivacidad, se despojan de sus velos; un traje ligero oculta apenas sus encantos a medida que se ponen en movimiento, las formas y los contornos de su cuerpo se dibujan con más verdad, y pronto, se entregan a una mímica coreográfica de acuerdo con sus costumbres.

Este género de espectáculo ha encantado a los orientales, entre los cuales una antigua costumbre quiere que las almeas sean el alma de las fiestas y los regocijos de la familia tales como los que se celebran en ocasión de algún natalicio o de un casamiento. Por lo demás, las almeas figuraron igualmente en sus ceremonias fúnebres, donde hacen el papel de lloronas.

Referencias
Enciclopedia moderna, 1864

Ocupaciones artísticas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Developing test items that are high quality, accurately measure knowledge and skills, and are fair to the test takers is an ongoing challenge for most, if not all, credentialing bodies.
Join us at the Chicago CNG meeting for an engaging session that will provide guidance and expertise on the life cycle of test item development.
No matter the stage of the test item life cycle, our subject matter experts will provide attendees with best practices for creating fair, valid and reliable test items and exams.
A networking lunch, sponsored and hosted by BTL/Surpass, is available to attendees following the CNG meeting, and will be served at the meeting location.


Even if you have a small deck or patio, you can still enjoy lots of lush greenery. Take advantage of vertical space by hanging potted plants from this DIY living wall. As the plants grow, they'll also provide privacy for your outdoor living area.
For this project, you'll need a mesh rebar sheet measuring 42" x 84"; (2) 2" x 2" x 8'; (2) 2" x 2" x 40.5"; (2) 2" x 2" x 24" cut to 45° angle on each end; (2) 2" x 4" x 36"; copper spray paint; 2.5" wood screws; (8) 1.5" L-brackets with 1" screws; 16 cup hooks; S-hooks (one per hanging pot); hanging planters and plants; tape measure; drill/drill bit.
Before starting, cut all the lumber to the lengths noted above and stain if desired.
In a well-ventilated area, spray paint the mesh rebar, S-hooks and cup hooks with copper paint. Apply two coats, letting the paint dry completely between each coat.
On the ground, use the 8' and 40.5" 2x2s to form the frame. Lay out the two longer pieces so they are parallel. Place one of the shorter pieces inside the long pieces at the top, forming an upside down U. Measure and mark 10.5" from the bottom of the long pieces and inset the second short piece above the mark, creating a rectangle with two legs.
Pre drill holes and screw together the frame using the 2.5" screws.
On the ground, use the 8' and 40.5" 2x2s to form the frame. Lay out the two longer pieces so they are parallel. Place one of the shorter pieces inside the long pieces at the top, forming an upside down U. Measure and mark 10.5" from the bottom of the long pieces and inset the second short piece above the mark, creating a rectangle with two legs. Pre drill holes and screw together the frame using the 2.5" screws. Once the four pieces are connected, attach an L-bracket with the 1" screws in each inside corner of the frame.
Once the four pieces are connected, attach an L-bracket with the 1" screws in each inside corner of the frame.
Starting at a corner, screw in a cup hook in the center of the 2x2. Evenly space the remaining hooks down the center of each part of the rectangle frame face. You will end up with four hooks running along each side of the frame.
To make attaching the rebar mesh easier, twist the hooks so the top and bottom rows are lined up horizontally and the sides vertically, making them flat for the rebar to fit over. Place the top of the rebar sheet over the top row of hooks and then flip the hooks out so the mesh rebar is sitting in the round part of hook. Repeat this on each side until the rebar is pulled tight and secure with the hooks.
Starting at a corner, screw in a cup hook in the center of the 2x2. Evenly space the remaining hooks down the center of each part of the rectangle frame face. You will end up with four hooks running along each side of the frame. To make attaching the rebar mesh easier, twist the hooks so the top and bottom rows are lined up horizontally and the sides vertically, making them flat for the rebar to fit over. Place the top of the rebar sheet over the top row of hooks and then flip the hooks out so the mesh rebar is sitting in the round part of hook. Repeat this on each side until the rebar is pulled tight and secure with the hooks.
With a friend's help, flip the frame up on its side. Predrill and attach the 36" 2x4s to the inside bottom center of each leg. Use two 2.5" screws on each side. (Tip: Place a 2x2 under the 2x4 to help keep things level while drilling).
Stand the frame up right on the legs and connect the angled 2x2 cross braces from the back of the frame to the outside of the 2x4.
Stand the frame up right on the legs and connect the angled 2x2 cross braces from the back of the frame to the outside of the 2x4. Secure the legs by adding the remaining L-brackets where needed.
Secure the legs by adding the remaining L-brackets where needed.
You're ready to add plants now! Move the wall into place and hang your pots using the copper-painted S-hooks. Easily rearrange and add more plants as you desire. Greenery that drapes will provide more privacy as it grows.
Move the wall into place and hang your pots using the copper-painted S-hooks. Easily rearrange and add more plants as you desire. Greenery that drapes will provide more privacy as it grows.
Tackle these projects and spend more time outside this season.
Bring a blank wall to life in a few simple steps.
Can't get enough of tiny succulents? This hanging cactus planter is the perfect way to show off your green thumb and DIY skills.
Check out these tips from vertical-garden experts to help you grow up in your space.
You can't go wrong with fresh herbs. Keep your cooking kickin' and your counters flawlessly adorned with this simply delicious garden made with a picture frame.
HGTV blogger Mick Telkamp shares the benefits of vertical vegetable gardening.


text:
First i for which the difference of the Riemann zeros r(i+1) - r(i) < 2^(-n) * I.
2, 9, 34, 186, 693, 1496, 4765, 44555, 95248, 420891, 1115578
The first Riemann zero is at about 14.1347I. Data from Odlyzko was used to create this sequence. If the zeta function ever has a multiple zero, then this sequence would be constant after that point.
Andrew Odlyzko, Tables of zeros of the Riemann zeta function
Eric W. Weisstein, MathWorld: Riemann Zeta Function Zeros
(Mma) r = ReadSequenceFile["zero.txt"]; d = Differences[r]; Table[Position[d, _?(# < 2^(-n) &), 1, 1][[1, 1]], {n, -2, 8}]
Cf. S000540.
nonn,hard

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Albuquerque Biological Park is the home of the Albuquerque Aquarium, which takes visitors on a journey down the Rio Grande from Albuquerque to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico. You'll find also at the BioPark the Rio Grande Botanic Garden featuring a 10,000 square foot glass conservatory housing native and exotic plants from desert and Mediterranean climate zones and hundreds of free-flying North American butterflies and moths. The Rio Grande Zoo at Bio Park offers visitors close encounters with more than 250 species of exotic and native animals, and the newly renovated Tingley Beach features three fishing ponds at this BioPark facility. The BioPark is located only 3 miles northwest from our Albuquerque hotel.
Most known for the annual Balloon Fiesta event, 94 acres of the park are developed and provides year round activities, such as the Golf Training Center. The Balloon Fiesta Park is located 11 miles north from our hotel.


text:
STO Management
Reliability Management
Operations & Asset Management
Change needs DRIVE
COVID-19 Emergency Response for Asset Management
Maintainer Award
Webinars & Educational Videos
Destined to succeed
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been under way for some time now. Companies are connecting and automating their production processes and using data on an unprecedented scale. Scientists all agree that the process will take years or even decades. It is now unstoppable. Therefore, smart managers should not question how much this transformation will cost but instead consider the opportunities it presents.
Text: Christian Raschke, André Schmidt-Carré
Anyone wishing to see a good example of digital transformation should simply book an airline ticket – online, of course. Almost the entire journey works digitally – from checking in using a ticket in the form of a QR code on the smartphone, to air miles, and a safe landing at the destination airport. Even pilots
no longer board their plane with a large briefcase full of map material and briefings because all the flight information is given to them in the cockpit in digital form.
Once airborne, autonomous computers take control at different times – whether it's the autopilot, autothrottle, or flight management system – while the aircraft simultaneously sends system data to the ground crews. This allows engineers to dynamically determine servicing and inspection intervals, thereby minimizing the length of time the planes are out of service. In addition, they can research the cause of any weak spots – as in the recent case of Airbus 380 engines. An engine serious damage during an Air France flight in the fall of 2017. Fortunately the plane, which had almost 500 passengers on board, was able to make an emergency landing in Canada. However, in order to rule out the
possibility of a systemic fault occurring on another A380 in service throughout the world, experts from the Engine Condition Monitoring division analyze hundreds of thousands of datasets from flights. Temperatures, pressure levels, vibrations, fuel consumption – all of this data provides an insight into potential weak spots or the risk of individual damage, allowing parts to be replaced and serviced in good time.
"It will probably take a few years to establish exactly what Industry 4.0 will become"
Sven Zehl, Industrial Internet expert at Bitkom
Understanding Industry 4.0
Admittedly, this is a hugely simplified example. Even in the aviation industry, not everything has gone smoothly in recent times – from an economic perspective at least. Yet in terms of accidents, 2017 was the safest year in aviation history. And this shows that the airlines are going the right way about doing many of the things related to the concept that has been concerning other sectors for some years: Industry 4.0.
But what exactly does this mean? Some people say that Industry 4.0 is just a fancy-sounding name for computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), a practice that companies have been engaged in for 30 years. Throughout this time, manufacturing companies have been gathering, processing, storing, and sending data – and using sensors and robots for automation. It's quite true that the tools that make Industry 4.0 possible have been around for some time now. What's really new is the way in which they are handled. Industry 4.0 is primarily shaping the shift away from centralized to decentralized management, from deterministic to context-dependent decisions, and from linear value chains to value networks. By this definition, Industry 4.0 is not only a technical phenomenon but also has organizational and primarily strategic aspects that will apply to every company to a greater or lesser degree. "It will probably take a few years to establish exactly what Industry 4.0 will become," says Sven Zehl, an Industrial Internet expert at the digital association Bitkom.
The extent to which everyone involved is still getting started is evident in the fact that there is no standardized terminology in use around the world. In the English-speaking world, besides the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) the talk is of cyber-physical systems (CPS), as described by people like Jay Lee, a professor at the University of Cincinnati and director of the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems. A car in itself is nothing more than a physical system, but if it sends servicing and component monitoring data via the Internet, communicates with other cars, or even functions autonomously, then it becomes a CPS.
Companies are currently concentrating primarily on big data analyses, machine-to-machine communication, and augmented reality to optimize servicing and maintenance work, for example. They are also connecting with customers and suppliers to make processes more flexible and to individualize products when small batch sizes are involved. By doing so, they wish to react to the changing habits of end consumers who are growing increasingly accustomed to buying digitalized and often personalized products and services.
Preparing the company
It is clear that Industry 4.0 or CPS is more than simply gathering masses of data, installing sensors everywhere, and upgrading IT infrastructure: Doing these things provides the foundations at best. Even more important than the availability of data are the decisions made in relation to the elements of that data also requiring closer analysis, as well as the systems or components that need to be connected so as to manufacture more efficiently and flexibly.
It helps to think outside the box. Take system servicing and maintenance: One model catching on here
has been used in the gastronomy sector for several years. Very few waiters still use a notepad and pen to take orders and pass them onto their colleagues in the kitchen because mobile handheld devices have become widely established. In some cases, customers even enter their orders themselves using a t placed on or even built into the table. The benefits are clear: less work for the waiters and chefs and fewer errors. In addition, the restaurant can quickly change the menu at any time with no printing costs and also display additional content, such as the origin of certain types of food.
The automotive supplier Bosch has adopted this principle for its Electronic Stability Program (ESP) in
its main factory. The system reports a machine's technical problems or faults to the employees via a smartphone or tablet, ideally together with a photo and a list of the spare parts that need to be ordered. The system automatically initiates one part of the orders all by itself. The starting point is the so-called condition monitoring of data, which sensors on the machines constantly record and send to analysis software. "The basic foundations must be in place before companies can introduce such a system," says Uwe Sahl, a Director at T.A. Cook.
The expert compares the situation to the Internet boom in the year 2000: "Back then, every company wanted Internet- based business processes with portals and Web applications. They launched projects, invested money – and then realized that the integration of processes into the company's organizational structure was completely non-existent." Sahl expects integration to be much more difficult for considerably more complex Industry 4.0 applications. That's because companies wishing to
digitally assign tasks to their employees need to digitally log all system components and their life expectancy as well as spare parts beforehand – and make them available in a standard system as a so-called digital twin.
"Industry 4.0 only makes sense if companies take a holistic approach – in other words, link processes and technologies with each other," says the expert. Studies and actual cases show, however, that many companies initially attempt to establish a new digital setup alongside their classic structure. In doing so, they overlook the fact that digitalization penetrates all areas as a matrix function. T.A. Cook helps companies to find out how good the existing conditions are, and where initial Industry 4.0 solutions are suitable within the servicing and maintenance operation. The consultants focus on process industries, where once again there are different conditions to those found in the field of automobile manufacturing or mechanical engineering, for example. "This concerns working with hazardous substances, for instance, or in potentially explosive atmospheres," says Sahl.
Maintenance as a core task
System servicing and maintenance is a fundamental aspect of the impending production revolution. "The concept of Industry 4.0 can only be implemented with an intelligent and connected maintenance operation," says Axel Kuhn, project manager at the German National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech), which advises the federal government on the Scientific Advisory Board for the Industry 4.0 platform.
The future direction of maintenance is now clearly visible in the example of augmented reality (AR), which involves IT systems displaying digital images in an actual setting. The Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP) has developed 3D SmartInspect, a system that allows service engineers to inspect safety-critical units such as turbines, generators, and high-pressure storage tanks much more easily and reliably than before. To do this, the engineer scans a surface for cavities and corrosion in the normal way using a sensor. What's new about the SmartInspect method is that, thanks to a combination of camera and colored virtual marking on the tablet, smartphone, or AR headset, the engineer can see precisely which sections have already been scanned and which have not.
In addition, the system automatically flags irregular spots with virtual marking. Engineers previously needed many years of experience to confidently identify problem spots. "What's more, the test log is immediately available in digital form," explains Bernd Valeske, department manager at the IZFP and head of the Fraunhofer innovation cluster Automotive Quality Saar. As soon as the test has been completed, the system sends the log to headquarters, which then decides whether somebody needs to be immediately dispatched to carry out repairs or whether the work can wait. Augmented reality can also assist with actual servicing and maintenance work. The Würzburg-based printing press manufacturer Koenig & Bauer AG (KBA) has recently equipped its service engineers with AR headsets complete with HD cameras. When the engineer is repairing or servicing a printing press on-site, the experts back at KBA's headquarters can monitor the work in real time and show their colleague the precise data required at any time – and provide explanations as and when necessary. This allows the company to rectify faults at the customer's premises more quickly and efficiently.
Initiating a culture change
Digital transformation also requires digital culture – initiated by top management. In a study published by the technology consultancy Capgemini, Ethan Bernstein, professor of organizational behavior at Harvard Business School in Boston, is quoted as saying that corporate culture will determine whether a project is successful or not. In the study, the experts define a digital corporate culture based on seven attributes: a digital-first mentality, data-driven decision-making, collaboration, customer focus, agility, flexibility, and a general openness. A subsequent survey of 1,700 managers and their employees from European and US companies revealed, however, that such a corporate culture's level of maturity is perceived very differently. While 40 percent of bosses stated that their company definitely already had a digital culture, just 27 percent of their employees agreed with them. Broken down into individual countries, the results reveal that managers and employees in the USA are just one percentage point apart. The gap in perception is particularly wide in France (42 percentage points), the Netherlands (27 percentage points), and Germany (20 percentage points).
This is also due to the fact that managers in Europe have not yet consistently assumed their role as digital leaders and catalysts. Although 71 percent of managers described themselves as digital role models in the Capgemini study, just 41 percent of employees shared that view. The companies identified as pioneers are showing others how the transformation can be a success. For example, they prefer to hire new employees who have previously worked at start-ups or companies in the digital economy; they link their KPIs and bonus systems to their digital strategy; or they explicitly encourage their employees to share their ideas and suggested improvements with management.
"The concept of Industry 4.0 can only be implemented with an intelligent and connected maintenance operation."
Axel Kuhn, Project Manager at the German National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
Turning things around with a start-up culture
And yet challenges remain: Starting a revolution from the inside out is difficult at large, established organizations. Many people need to be convinced about a change of course. When a new course has been set, it once again takes some time before the change in direction is successfully accomplished across the entire company. Many companies therefore take a different approach and cooperate with start-ups that are working on areas of interest to plant operators. Large companies often finance innovative newcomers, for example, and create campuses at their company headquarters where young companies can base themselves. "This is an interesting alternative," says Sahl, "because it gives the established companies access to new technologies and ideas."
The French oil company Total launched its "Plant 4.0" incubator in 2016 and invited innovative start-ups to apply with their Industry 4.0 solutions for predefined subject areas. These include concepts such as real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, energy efficiency, collaborative processes, and augmented interfaces. Following a selection process, the best four start-up teams were given the opportunity to develop, test, and further market their concept in partnership with Total on its premises. "It is really interesting for Total to see how these young entrepreneurs view our industrial processes and where they identify opportunities, but also weak points," says Juliette Maupeou, digital officer for industry at Total. This doesn't mean that the rest of the company looks on inactively: "We already have more than 70 digital initiatives at Total, but we can ultimately only gain by working with such agile organizations as start-ups that develop new solutions very quickly." The challenge then lies in implementing the start-ups' concepts across the company in the long run. The transformation can only actually succeed if this young expertise is widely incorporated into day-to-day business operations.
"The startups must regularly communicate with the experienced practitioners from the start, otherwise it just remains an ivory tower," warns Uwe Sahl. The industrial gas specialist Linde is showing others how established companies can adopt the working methods of young companies beyond individual Industry 4.0 projects. The company has launched a so-called accelerator process, as used by many start-ups and highly innovative IT firms. It is based on the insight that new things can be trialed and developed very quickly and inexpensively thanks to digital technologies. The principle at Linde is: "Pursue project ideas for three months and quickly incorporate them into the business if they prove successful," says Philipp Karmires, former Google manager and now head of digitalization at Linde.
"We drop anything that doesn't work within this time frame." Kamires' colleagues work at the "digital base camp" on the company's site in Pullach, near Munich, on the sixth floor of an office block built in the 1950s. It feels a long way away from Silicon Valley, but it is very much at the heart of the company. "It is important for us to be part of normal business operations," says Kamires. Ideas for new digital projects often come from the employees involved in classic day-to-day business activities at Linde.
Kamires' team then runs the project in conjunction with employees from established departments
and cooperates with an international network as and when necessary. "We believe we can develop our core business into the digital world," explains Julien Brunel, head of digitalization at the company's Linde Engineering division. "But we can only accomplish this if we infect our organization with the new working methods and technologies from the inside out."
Inspiring employees
The path toward Industry 4.0 is a comprehensive change process that companies must oversee internally. Only in the rarest of cases do companies that have already made a success of the digital transformation process mention technology as the key factor. Instead, they tend to talk about a cultural change. "The good news is that many of them have built up their knowledge and unique maintenance processes over a number of years," says Bernd Zanger, operations director and change management expert at T.A. Cook. "This means that many employees have actually been involved in finding better solutions and improving performance for quite some time." Zanger says that management's task is more one of communicating to people that the improvements do work and showing employees the contribution they have made.
The chemical company BASF is demonstrating how this could work. It launched its BASF 4.0 strategy at the beginning of 2015 to increase process efficiency across the company and develop new digital products and services. In late 2016, the company started a digital transformation campaign specifically for its employees. The aim is to continually prepare all employees for the changes associated with digitalization and train them accordingly – worldwide on all levels and across all areas of the company. To this end, BASF has launched communication, training, and continuing professional development programs, produced webinars and videos, and established informal learning situations, such as young employees showing experienced colleagues how to use tablets in the area of production and, vice versa, with long-serving experts passing on their knowledge to others. For BASF, it's about much more than merely building up skills: "We want to create an awareness of what is possible when we use data systematically," says Frithjof Netzer, senior vice president of BASF 4.0 and chief digital officer.
Keep up – the outcome is uncertain
This comprehensive look at the current transformation makes it clear that the path toward Industry 4.0 is more a marathon than a sprint. Those who are too slow off the starting blocks, however, will find it difficult. The erstwhile PC pioneer Bill Gates is often reminded of something he once said back in the 1990s: "The Internet is just a passing fad." Even though Gates will undoubtedly have revised his opinion in the meantime, the fact that he didn't really believe in the technology from the start could be one reason why Apple, Google, and other similar companies were able to overtake Microsoft. That's
because the companies that knew how to use the innovative technologies to their advantage at an early stage and in a resolute manner benefitted most from the epochal changes.
As part of the old economy, the process industry continues to have a soft spot for tangible systems and products, but it must also change its thinking – irrespective of the immediate cost and efficiency benefits offered by digitalization – and accept that the digital transformation process can no longer be halted. Sooner rather than later, companies will digitalize, connect, and automate all manner of things in their production operations (among others, Stephan Krabber from Covestro explains how this works in an interview starting on page 20). "Particularly since the price of hardware – sensors, servers, and networks – has dropped by 80 percent over the last five years," says Uwe Sahl. In other words, the same investment today costs one fifth as much. As such, it should be easier to take calculated investment risks.
"There cannot be one hundred percent certainty, because Industry 4.0 very much remains a voyage of discovery," says Sahl. The trend is nonetheless clear: Industry 4.0 is coming. Those who ignore it will disappear. When giving presentations at conferences, Michael ten Hompel, head of the Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics (IML) and Software and Systems Engineering (ISST), regularly warns companies not to miss the boat. He occasionally compares the path toward Industry 4.0 with the Copernican Revolution in the sixteenth century. It took some time for the heliocentric model of the
solar system to be accepted after the astronomer first asserted in his seminal work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) that the universe does not revolve around the earth, but rather the earth spins on its own axis around the sun. "This, too, was a priori insight," says ten Hompel. "We don't yet really know what the Fourth Industrial Revolution will actually look like, but we are increasingly realizing that it makes a lot of sense to move away from today's rigid processes – and security – toward swarms of intelligent systems." Greater flexibility, greater autonomy, new thinking – all of this requires courage. Yet in the fast-living age of digitalization, it is truer than ever before that you don't stay market leader, but become market leader time and again. Incidentally, Lufthansa, Germany's leading airline, introduced its first digitalization strategy 20 years ago.
The latest edition of INSITE explores why partnerships are key to long-term business success and competitiveness in the fast-paced global economy.
Uwe Sahl, Principal
Uwe Sahl is a Director at T.A. Cook and is responsible for international organization- and IT-related projects in the process and supply industry. The industrial engineer and business economist was previously involved in computer- and organization-based projects in the area of servicing and maintenance. Projects have included realigning field service engineering, conducting investigations into group work, and overseeing system installations.
Control is good, trust is better
February 2018 / Frank-Uwe Hess , Co-Chairman
/ Jean-Marc Chamberland , Global Director Manufacturing Excellence, Solvay
/ David Fleming , Manager
/ Frank-Uwe Hess , Co-Chairman
Expert Insight Digitalisierung Maintenance Maintenance Turnaround Risk Management Expert Insight Big Data Communication People Industrie 4.0 Digitalization Industry 4.0 Change Managment People Knowledge Management Contractor Management Training & Workshops Smart Data Knowledge Management
A new kind of networking
March 2018 / Frank-Uwe Hess , Co-Chairman
Twice a year, T.A. Cook invites top managers from the field of maintenance to the Maintenance
Clarity of vision
March 2018 / Dirk Frame , Managing Partner, Consulting Europe
Looking back over a 30-year consulting career, Dirk Frame explains how working together and
In asset intensive industries, modes of working together have been established incrementally - via
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We in St Joseph's GAA club in Dromiskin, Co Louth are having a fabulous draw on Sunday 8th December 2018 in our clubrooms. One lucky winner will be the proud owner of this lovely KIA STONIC CAR.
We have many more great prizes such as a MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE.
Tickets are €50 each payable by Cash, Bank Transfer or even 5 monthly payments of €10 per month which can be got from any committee member.


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HOME | CONTACT | ABOUT
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Wounded Boys/Heroic Men
Daniel Jay Sonkin, Ph.D. is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT16644) in an independent practice in Sausalito, California. Since 1981, his work has focused on the treatment of individuals and couples facing a variety interpersonal problems. In addition to his clinical experience, he has testified as an expert witness since 1977 in criminal cases where domestic violence is an issue. He has also evaluates defendants facing the death penalty conducting social histories with a focus on their childhood abuse and its impact on adult criminal behavior. He has also testifies as an expert witness in malpractice cases and licensing actions.
As one of the early specialists in the field of family violence, Dr. Sonkin has developed a widely used protocol for treating male batterers. His book, Learning to Live Without Violence: A Handbook for Men has been published in English, Spanish and Japanese and is utilized by treatment programs around the world. He is also the author of numerous articles and books on domestic violence and child abuse including, The Male Batterer: A Treatment Approach; Domestic Violence on Trial: Psychological and Legal Dimensions of Family Violence; and Wounded Boys/Heroic Men: A Man's Guide to Recovering from Childhood Abuse; The JurisMonitor Stabilization Program for Stalkers; A Counselors Guide to Learning to Live Without Violence; the co-editor of Intimate Violence: Contemporary Treatment Innovations; and Domestic Violence: The Court-Mandated Perpetrator Assessment and Treatment Handbook.
He has also written software for assessing violence for both the Macintosh and IBM compatible computers.
For the past twenty years he has been integrating attachment theory and neurobiology into his clinical work with perpetrators and victims of violence, as well as his general psychotherapy patients. He has recently co-edited a book with Don Dutton entitled Intimate Violence: Contemporary Treatment Innovations, published by Haworth Trauma and Maltreatment Press. In it, he and Don Dutton wrote a chapter on treating domestic violence from an attachment perspective. He has attended the Adult Attachment Interview Institute in Minneapolis and has recently completed several articles on attachment theory and psychotherapy. You can read more about his approach to psychotherapy by reading the numerous articles he has written posted here online.
In addition to his clinical practice, he was an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Counseling at Sonoma State University from 1994 through 2004, a former member of the Ethics Committee (1989-1998) and is a former member of the Board of Directors (1998-2000) of the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
He is the recipient of the 1989 Clark Vincent Award for Literary Contribution to the field of Marriage and Family Therapy from the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, and is the 2000 recipient of the Honorary Distinguished Clinical Member Award from the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
1505 Bridgeway, Suite 105 - Sausalito, California 94965 - (415) 332-6703
Copyright © 2014 Daniel Sonkin. All rights reserved. All photography by Daniel Sonkin.


Smoother, finer and less sticky than traditional clay; needs no oven or kiln. Softens easily with water and quickly cleans from hands and surfaces. Use with traditional techniques such as pinch, coil, slab, score-and-weld; make stamped impressions, beads; embedding found objects. Can be painted with tempera, acrylic or watercolors when dry. Each individual bucket contains 2.5 lb of clay. Sold as 4 buckets for a total of 10 pounds of clay.
The (4 Ea) Crayola Air Dry Clay 2.5lbterra Cotta can be found in our Clay & Clay Tools product category within the Arts & Crafts.


Agriculture contributes more than $71.1 billion annually to Georgia's economy!
Georgia produces 2.5 million bales of cotton with an estimated market value of $1.2 billion!
Georgia produces more than 50% of peanuts used in the production of peanut butter!
The Georgia Crop Production Alliance – GCPA – is a non-profit educational organization dedicated to improving the efficiency and profitability of crop production. Members include representatives from agrichemical companies, distributors, dealers, crop consultants, universities, college and various government agencies.
To promote, foster and encourage the significance of the crop production industry as Georgia's most important industry.
To promote safe, environmentally sound, and efficient crop management practices that preserve the natural resources of Georgia.
To cooperate with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and governmental agencies in improving agronomic efficiency that promotes stewardship of the environment.
To promote cooperation and high ethical standards in the crop production industry.
To educate and inform the public of the value and role that efficient and safe crop production plays in wellness and quality of life.
To advise, assist and cooperate with state and federal legislative, regulatory and administrative agencies in developing progressive policies, laws and rules that enable profitability but protect human health and the environment.
Attendees at this year's GCPA annual meeting were honored to host Senator John Wilkinson, Chairman of Agriculture and Consumer Affairs in the Georgia State Senate. Wilkinson spoke briefly during the luncheon. View the entire schedule here.
2017 Sporting Clay Fundraiser – Another Great Success!
Congratulations to John Bagwell (UGA Athens), David Daughtry (ABAC), Taylor Randell (ABAC) and Kelly Paulk (UGA Tifton) for receiving the 2016 GCPA scholarship!


Keeping track of diabetes medications and blood glucose levels may seem like a full-time job for some people with type 1 diabetes.
Exercise has been shown to provide a number of health benefits, especially for individuals who have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.
Many individuals who have type 1 diabetes are diagnosed with the condition during childhood or adolescence, which is why the condition is often referred to as juvenile diabetes.
The development of insulin injections was thought to be one of the greatest medical advancements for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Many individuals who have type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes spend much of their day carefully planning meals that fit into their diabetic diet plan.
Nicole Johnson recently told the Villages Daily Sun that when she was crowned Miss America in 1999, there were about 16 million Americans living with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. However, that number is now closer to 26 million and it is growing rapidly.
Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new "closed-loop" artificial pancreas that may help individuals with type 1 diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels more accurately and conveniently, and thereby avoid disease-related complications.
In addition to diabetes management, individuals who have either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes must also closely monitor their heart health.
When a young person is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it can affect his or her entire family due to the common belief that type 1 diabetes is more difficult to manage than type 2 diabetes.
Despite the advances in diabetes medications, individuals who have type 1 diabetes have a lower life expectancy than the average person because even with proper diabetes management, they have a higher risk of experiencing life-threatening health complications, such as heart disease and stroke.


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The Holiday Season is Happening Right Now!
The Holiday Season is happening right now! Here at Tanglewood Works we are in the midst of celebrations, parties and festivities galore. If you find yourself still in need of some fabulous upcycled, green gifts — or if you have a need for new furniture — we've got you covered! Stop by the Shop to see our collection of gifts and more. Our holiday hours are Sunday from 10-5, Wednesday from 11-7 and Thursday, Christmas Eve, from 11-2. We are closed for Christmas, but open again on Saturday, December 26 from 10-5.
Looking for something to do in the new year? Want to learn how to DIY? Sign up for one of my super creative AND fun Tanglewood Works #DIY classes and this #SeniorDumpsterDiva will teach you some mad DIY skills! New this year is my Introduction to Working with Alcohol Inks and my Advanced Chalk Paint Techniques. Click here for the Calendar of Events to see our course offerings.
Yikes... only 5 days until Christmas. If you still aren't ready and need some gifts, no worries! We can still help you out, even if you can't make it to the Shop. This week's blog has some great last-minute Christmas gift ideas that I'm going to try, and you should try too! Click here for some quick, clever DIY gift ideas.
Back by POPULAR demand! "A hug is NOT enough" a PSA by Tanglewood Works. Look for new videos in 2016.
What's New in the Shop this Week!
Dimensions: 36" W x 30.5" H x 18" D.


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Pluto Learns Piano for ipad Review
App Type: iPhone
By: Pluto Games
Not to be confused with Disney's pup character, Pluto is a penguin that teaches children (or adults) how to play the piano. It does this using simple repetition or a game that I'll get to in a moment. By obtaining points through successfully playing the songs you can unlock and download other songs to play.
The app has two ways for the user to learn music. One is simply following along on a piano with the highlighted keys. The other emulates a set of guitar strings and you have to move Pluto up and down to the right "string" to the fish-shaped note. Pluto "eats" the note and continues to the next note until the end of the song. You also have to avoid obstacles such as incorrect notes and octopi (yes, you read that right).
If I were to suggest improvements, one would be to include the name of the note on the piano keys so children would know which note they were playing. Also, you could combine the two games and show the sheet music in the piano game with the proper notes highlighted. But that's a minor complaint.
The app comes with a simple help file to learn the rules. This app could be very helpful in teaching your tot the fundamentals of playing the piano. However, the app is free so you can't beat the price. A child could learn to play through imitation and repetition, but in the end this is a supplement and not a substitute for learning the subtleties and grandness of music through proper piano lessons.
This app was submitted via our expedited review service, which means we were remunerated for reviewing this app. B. Trechak was not influenced by this matter and it reflects his honest opinion.
Education	 games	 music


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Allotment Holders Thank Eco After 50 Tonne Compost Donation
A Dorset recycling company has been thanked for its 'incredible generosity' after donating 50 tonnes of compost to an allotment project.
Eco Sustainable Solutions arranged for its Eco Mix compost to be delivered to the National Trust's Growing Spaces project at Kingston Lacy.
Just under 120 allotments were created by the National Trust eight years ago following the culmination of two years work by the estate's gardening team.
The allotments were originally sited between the formal gardens and Home Farm in an area formerly used as the kitchen garden.
They have now been moved to a neighbouring area in preparation for the full restoration of the kitchen garden.
The five-acre kitchen garden was built in 1880 by Walter Bankes and became so renowned that Queen Victoria sent her gardeners to Kingston Lacy to learn their craft.
The National Trust has now launched a £500,000 appeal to conserve and restore the kitchen garden to its former glory. It hopes to complete the project in 2023.
The neighbouring allotments are used by members of the local community as well as school, community groups and individuals referred through housing associations.
They were created by the National Trust as part of an initiative to get more people outdoors and growing their own food.
In the late 1940s there were 1.4 million allotments but that figure is now believed to have shrunk to around 330,000. According to The National Allotment Society at least a further 90,000 plots are needed to meet the current demand.
Trevor Muddimer, National Trust volunteer and Growing Spaces Coordinator at Kingston Lacy, said: "Eco has really done us proud and we're very grateful for their incredible generosity."
Peter Hardy, Eco's Commercial Director, said: "We're only too happy to support initiatives such as Growing Space. It's a great scheme and we wish the allotment holders every success for the future."


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Jobs Archive
Recruitment for the positon of Trainees
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Library, Documentation & Information Science Division, Kolkata is looking for young, dynamic, tech-savvy, highly motivated and committed post graduates in Museology from recognised Indian Universities with consistent good academic record to serve as Trainee in the Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Museum & Archives, Kolkata purely on temporary basis to work on documentation and digitization of archival documents and museum artefacts of P.C.M. Memorial Museum & Archive.
No. of position(s): Four (04)
Contact person: Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Museum & Archives, (033)-2575-2100
Download Jobs Form
PU > admin > admin > admin
Recruitment for the position of two Project linked persons
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata is inviting applications for the recruitment of Two (02) Project linked persons purely on temporary basis to work in a project funded by the National Geospatial Programme (NGP) Division, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India and undertaken by the Machine Intelligence Unit of the Institute, Kolkata. The work is on developing application for Geospatial/ Spatio-temporal data analytics based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).
Contact person: Machine Intelligence Unit, (033)-2575-3100
Click here to apply: https://forms.gle/EyneVDiFkdDwk4dA9
Recruitment for the positions of Trainee
Indian Statistical Institute, Documentation & Information Science Division, Kolkata is inviting applications for the recruitment of three (03) Trainees purely on temporary basis for various functions and services in the Library of the Institute, Kolkata.
Contact person: Library, (033)-2575-2100
Recruitment for the position of Project linked person
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata is inviting applications for the recruitment of one (01) Project linked person on purely temporary basis to work in the project titled "A Comprehensive Genomic and Genetic Characterization of Pancreatic Cancer in Indian Population" at the Human Genetics Unit of the Institute, Kolkata.
Contact person: Human Genetics Unit, (033)-2575-3240
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata is inviting applications for the recruitment of one (01) Project linked person purely on temporary basis to work full time in the interdisciplinary research project titled "Spatial modelling of Arsenic contamination data from West Bengal and Bangladesh" jointly at Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit and Geological Studies Unit of the Institute, Kolkata.
Contact person: Geological Studies Unit, (033)-2575-3150
Recruitment for the posts of Associate Scientist A and Scientific Assistant A
(Advertisement No.: REC-6/2020-3,Kol Dated: 20.06.2020)
The Institute invites applications for one post of DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE (ADMINISTRATION) 'B' on deputation basis.
1. Recommender System for Citations and Illustrations; 2. Automatic information retrieval from doctor's handwriting prescription
Interview will be conducted on 01 October 2020 at 11:00 a.m. for the recruitment of two (02) Project linked persons (one for each project) purely on temporary basis at the Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Unit of the Institute, Kolkata with maintaining of all preventive measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 Global epidemic as directed by the Government of India. The recruitment committee may consider for online interview due to COVID-19.
Contact Person: Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Unit, 033-2575-2850.
Click here for apply: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1XQtkkveQk54L5SR5jRYk9B9Su14dbAWeE0Xd7BAebp0/edit?usp=sharing
Project Linked Person in Machine Intelligence Unit
Distributed Cognitive System for Healthcare
Multitasking Staff [Electrician/ Electrical Attendant/ Operator-cum-Mechanic (Lift)]
1. Project Linked System Administrator and 2. Project Linked Junior System Administrator
View this month Jobs archive


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Sun-Times file photo
Woman killed in Elgin crash
By David Struett
SHARE Woman killed in Elgin crash
A 24-year-old woman died in a crash Thursday morning in northwest suburban Elgin.
Amanda Matthiessen, of Volo, was riding in a westbound van about 9:50 a.m. in the 800 block of Big Timber Road when it crossed into the oncoming lane of traffic and crashed into an eastbound semitrailer, according to Elgin police spokeswoman Kristie Hilton and the Kane County Coroner's Office.
Matthiessen was taken to Sherman Hospital in Elgin, where she was pronounced dead at 11:30 a.m., authorities said.
An autopsy conducted Friday found she died from multiple injuries related to the crash, the coroner's office said. Toxicology results were pending.
The 34-year-old man who was driving the van was also taken to Sherman before being transferred to Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge in an unknown condition, police said.
The semi driver wasn't injured in the crash, police said.
Netflix looks to curb password sharing, considers ads
Suburban Chicago
Joliet farmers wrangle cows thrown from semitrailer after crash on Interstate 80
View More Stories In News


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text:
You searched for "referrals"
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma treatment characteristics
1 February 2017 | Fiona Rowe (Prof) | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus
The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation, management, local and systemic outcomes of 14 orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (OR) cases with the focus on the role of surgery as treatment. The mean age at presentation was eight years...
Photoscreening comparison
The A09/S09 photoscreener contains a fixation target of flashing lights (as for the S04) plus a smiley face which is new. Concerns were raised that the smiley face may stimulate less accommodation than the S04 attention lights and therefore potentially...
Recognising clinical characteristics of blepharospasm
1 August 2019 | Claire Howard | Neuro-Ophthalmology | Blepharospasm, benzodiazepines, focal dystonia, psychotropics, sensory-motor disintegration
Focal dystonia is regarded as a characteristic feature of blepharospasm, but patients do not always present with these motor symptoms. The authors present a retrospective analysis of data from a large number of patients treated for drug-induced or essential blepharospasm...
Emergency, Acute and Rapid Access Ophthalmology
1 April 2020 | Zaria Ali | Emergency Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous, Ophthalmology
There are two parts to the book; the first section makes up the bulk to the textbook and covers clinical aspects of emergency ophthalmology, and the second discusses the management and organisation of an emergency and rapid access service. Part...
Developing community eye care: the GOS package in Scotland
1 December 2018 | Janet Pooley | Optometry
In the second in the series about community eye care in the home nations, Janet Pooley explains how Scotland has developed its services within GOS. The United Kingdom has devolved healthcare; the powers were transferred from Westminster to Scotland and...
A three-way partnership between Nigeria, Tanzania and Northern Ireland
1 June 2015 | Rosie Brennan, Sunday Abuh, Barnabas Mshangila, Marcia Zondervan | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
VISION 2020 LINKS between Western Health and Social Care Trust (WHSCT), Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Northern Ireland with first ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano, Nigeria and now also with Mbeya Referral Hospital (MRH), Tanzania, have been beneficial to all three partners. From...
Development of retinoblastoma services in Zimbabwe
5 June 2020 | Mayuri Makan, M Ashwin Reddy, Zishan Naeem, Richard Bowman, Nick Astbury, Marcia Zondervan | Ophthalmology, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Zimbabwe recognised the need for a paediatric ophthalmology service almost 20 years ago. The economic uncertainty in the country made it difficult to secure financial support, so initial funding came through local donors. Equipment – including vision charts, ophthalmoscopes and...
Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)
1 December 2018 | Ali Yagan | Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...
Ophthalmic mentors: Professor Carrie MacEwen
1 February 2015 | Rod McNeil | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Caroline (Carrie) MacEwen is a Consultant Ophthalmologist at Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, and Head of the Ophthalmology Department at the University of Dundee (Honorary Professor). She trained in Glasgow, Dundee and London. Carrie took over as President of...
Interview with Clinical Director of OpenEyes
1 April 2015 | David Haider | AMD, Cataract and Refractive, Cornea / External Eye Disease, Emergency Ophthalmology, Genetics, Glaucoma, Imaging, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Ocular Pathology and Oncology, Oculoplastics, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Orbit, Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus, Retina / Uvea / Vitreous
Professor James Morgan is an Ophthalmic Consultant at Cardiff Hospital and also the clinical director of the OpenEyes programme. Given the national push for electronic records we felt hearing directly from James would be of interest. The interview was conducted...
Expert vs. non expert grading of ROP from digital video images
The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether digital video images of the retina obtained using an indirect ophthalmoscope imaging system could be accurately graded for zone and stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the presence of...
Glaucoma diagnosis after paediatric cataract surgery
3 June 2021 | Fiona Rowe (Prof) | Paediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus
The authors undertook a retrospective review of patients with glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery and report clinical presentation, treatment and long-term outcomes at a tertiary referral centre. The study included 58 eyes of 42 patients of which 59% were male....


I love listening to music when ever I get into a gaming session, whether that be because I want to get hyped and try to go on a rampage in First Person Shooters such as Counter Strike or to relax and chill out playing Hearthstone. The SC-ALL05 is perfect for this with its ability to connect to almost any source including smart devices and via Bluetooth. It has battery life of 9 hours and a splash proof design so I'd be able to listen my favourite song on repeat for most of the day. The other half may even go for this thanks to its sleek design - RRP £199.99.
I am in desperate need of a new gaming headset, sound especially in shooting games is key to knowing when the right time is to attack, The G430 is my ideal headset. With 7.1 Dolby Digital Surround Sound capabilities, sports performance, ear cups that rotate up to 90 degrees and so much more, the G430 are the ultimate gaming headset - RRP £69.99.
I have the Madcatz R.A.T 3 gaming mouse and it's the most comfortable gaming mouse I've ever used. Designed to be slightly larger than most to prevent your hand from cramping, it also looks like a Transformers foot which makes it ideal for me. The Tournament Edition comes in the awesome black and blue you see above and with an 8200 DPI senor plus the ability to adjust the mouse to your requirements, it's definitely going to be my choice of upgrade - RRP £39.99.
For as long as I can remember, I've always had an up to date games console. I was a console kid growing up and for me there was nothing better that being able to come home from collage, sit down and play the latest game. I have managed to own every Xbox prior to the Xbox One and not having the ability now to play games such as Gears of War 4 kills me a little. I love the idea of being able to stream live from the console and the other media options along side the consule makes the experience of owning an Xbox One all the greater - RRP £199.99.
What do you have on your tech wishlist this year?


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SYNONYM

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 25(1): 17 (1909)

#### Original name
Platygloea peniophorae Bourdot & Galzin, 1909

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What Assumptions Underlie Our Judgements?
The recent decision by the Opinion Desk of the New York Times to publish anonymously an op-ed essay about the Trump presidency by a senior White House official was an unusual one. Readers were invited to submit questions about the essay or the vetting process. Two days later, 23,000 of them had.
The essay, of course, started a media frenzy. Speculation continues to run rampant as to who the anonymous official is. CNN listed thirteen possible authors; by the next day, at least sixteen had denied they wrote it. The author has been called everything from heroic to gutless—but the reactions don't divide neatly or predictably along party lines.
As is often the case with today's headlines, the reactions to the op-ed essay can be used to teach the basics of argumentation. A statement of opinion about the writer would be a claim of value. Clear statements of policy have also grown out of the controversy: The writer should identify himself or herself. The writer should resign. The Department of Justice should investigate the authorship in the name of national security. The 25th Amendment should be invoked.
As is usually the case, it is easier to recognize the claim of an argument than to recognize the assumption underlying it. Given a specific claim, what assumptions does a reader have to accept in order to accept the claim? First, what about those who consider the author of the essay to be heroic? What assumption underlies that judgement? Something like this: It is heroic to work behind the scenes to safeguard our democracy against an incompetent president. That assumption is only valid, of course, if the president is indeed incompetent. It is reassuring for some to know, as the author puts it, that "there are adults in the room." The author also writes, "We are trying to do what's right even when Donald Trump won't." Assumption: It is a good thing for someone to do what's right when the President won't. That assumption is only valid, however, if the writer—and those who agree with him that the president needs someone working behind the scenes in the White House to keep him in check—is a better judge of what is right than the President.
That's where those on the other side come in. Donald Trump is our duly elected President. Does anyone have the right to take over any of his duties without a mandate from the people? Even former President Obama argued, "That's not how our democracy is supposed to work." The 25th Amendment provides the process for removing a president from office, but for anyone to work behind the scenes against the President in the name of defending the Constitution is to circumvent due process. Can it be applauded as a heroic act? Obviously, it can be by some. Even some of Trump's harshest critics, however, feel that to undermine the president from within is not a valid solution.
Is the author of the op-ed essay guilty of treason? No, not by the official definition of treason, which can be committed only in time of war. Those who feel that the author should make himself or herself known to the public may assume that a public servant should not continue to work for an administration as flawed as the writer judges Trump's to be, or that the person could do more good if he or she came out from behind the mask of anonymity. Even better would be for all those the writer claims hold similar views to speak out publicly.
There are complex arguments at work here. Our students need to see the issue from all sides and recognize it for its potential to shape the future of our country.


I am not usually fascinated by pubs, bars and clubs for obvious reasons, being that I have built a value system that keeps me away from harm and from every place that won't add value to me ooo.
Signature is ideal for lovers, families and even lone tourists as the staff are always on hand to welcome you and showyouu around. Of particular interest to me was the clean environment and the tasty meals. Situated easily behind EAT.com off Aminu Kano road Wise 2 Abuja, it is worth a visit.
When the place opened newly some 3 years ago, my friends and I organised the reception party of Melvin Oduah of Big Brother Africa there but yesterday was a comprehensive tour for me.
Have you been to the Signature before?