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Auto racing facts for kids
American Le Mans Endurance Racing.
Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, autosport or motorsport) is a sport involving racing automobiles. Auto racing began in France in 1895 and is now one of the world's most popular spectator sports.
Touring car racing
Sports car racing
Production-car racing
One-make racing
The first prearranged match race of two self-powered road vehicles over a prescribed route occurred at 4:30 A.M. on August 30, 1867, between Ashton-under-Lyne and Old Trafford, a distance of eight miles. It was won by the carriage of Isaac Watt Boulton.
Internal combustion auto racing events began soon after the construction of the first successful gasoline-fueled automobiles. The first organized contest was on April 28, 1887, by the chief editor of Paris publication Le Vélocipède, Monsieur Fossier. It ran 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne.
Albert Lemaître classified first in his Peugeot Type 5 3hp in the Paris–Rouen.
On July 22, 1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring competition, from Paris to Rouen. One hundred and two competitors paid a 10-franc entrance fee.
The first American automobile race is generally held to be the Thanksgiving Day Chicago Times-Herald race of November 28, 1895. Press coverage of the event first aroused significant American interest in the automobile.
Fernand Gabriel driving a Mors in Paris-Madrid 1903
With auto construction and racing dominated by France, the French automobile club ACF staged a number of major international races, usually from or to Paris, connecting with another major city, in France or elsewhere in Europe.
A remaining section of the Brooklands track in 2007
Brooklands, in Surrey, was the first purpose-built motor racing venue, opening in June 1907. It featured a 4.43 km (2.75 mi) concrete track with high-speed banked corners.
One of the oldest existing purpose-built automobile racing circuits in the United States, still in use, is the 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. It is the largest capacity sports venue of any variety worldwide, with a top capacity of some 257,000+ seated spectators.
NASCAR was founded by Bill France, Sr. on February 21, 1948, with the help of several other drivers of the time. The first NASCAR "Strictly Stock" race ever was held on June 19, 1949, at Daytona Beach, Florida.
From 1962, sports cars temporarily took a back seat to GT cars, with the FIA replacing the World Championship for Sports Cars with the International Championship for GT Manufacturers.
From 1972 through 2003, NASCAR's premier series was called the Winston Cup Series, sponsored by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company cigarette brand Winston. The changes that resulted from RJR's involvement, as well as the reduction of the schedule from 48 to 31 races a year, established 1972 as the beginning of NASCAR's "modern era".
The IMSA GT Series evolved into the American Le Mans Series, which ran its first season in 1999. The European races eventually became the closely related Le Mans Series, both of which mix prototypes and GTs.
Turismo Carretera (Road racing, lit., Road Touring) is a popular touring car racing series in Argentina, and the oldest car racing series still active in the world. The first TC competition took place in 1937 with 12 races, each in a different province. Future Formula One star Juan Manuel Fangio (Chevrolet) won the 1940 and 1941 editions of the TC. It was during this time that the series' Chevrolet-Ford rivalry began, with Ford acquiring most of its historical victories.
Main page: Open wheel car
Giedo van der Garde driving the Caterham CT03 at Sepang International Circuit
The two most popular varieties of open wheel racing are Formula One and the IndyCar Series.
Formula One is a European-based series that runs only street and road courses. These cars are very technologically advanced, and are very fast through turns. These cars can go 375 kph (233 mph). Some of the famous races they run are the Monaco Grand Prix, the Italian Grand Prix, and the British Grand Prix. The season ends with the crowning of the World Championship for drivers and constructors.
In single-seater (open-wheel), the wheels are not covered, and the cars often have aerofoil wings front and rear to produce downforce and enhance adhesion to the track. In Europe and Asia, open-wheeled racing is commonly referred to as "Formula", with appropriate hierarchical suffixes. In North America, the "Formula" terminology is not followed (with the exception of F1). The sport is usually arranged to follow an international format (such as F1), a regional format (such as the Formula 3 Euro Series), and/or a domestic, or country-specific, format (such as the German Formula 3 championship, or the British Formula Ford).
A Panoz GF09 Indycar Series chassis driven by Jaques Lazier during practice for the 2007 Indianapolis 500
In the Americas, the most popular series is the National Championship, more commonly known as the IndyCar Series and previously known as CART). The cars have traditionally been similar though less technologically sophisticated than F1 cars, with more restrictions on technology aimed at controlling costs. While these cars are not as technologically advanced, they are faster, being able to average a lap at 388 kph (241 mph). The series' biggest race is the Indianapolis 500, which is commonly referred to as "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing" due to being the longest continuously run race and having the largest crowd for a single-day sporting event (350,000+).
Formula Three car racing at the Hockenheimring, 2008
The other major international single-seater racing series is GP2 (formerly known as Formula 3000 and Formula Two). Regional series include Formula Nippon and Formula V6 Asia (specifically in Asia), Formula Renault 3.5 (also known as the World Series by Renault, succession series of World Series by Nissan), Formula Three, Formula Palmer Audi and Formula Atlantic. In 2009, the FIA Formula Two Championship brought about the revival of the F2 series. Domestic, or country-specific, series include Formula Three and Formula Renault, with the leading introductory series being Formula Ford.
Single-seater racing is not limited merely to professional teams and drivers. There exist many amateur racing clubs. In the UK, the major club series are the Monoposto Racing Club, BRSCC F3 (Formerly ClubF3, formerly ARP F3), Formula Vee and Club Formula Ford. Each series caters for a section of the market, with some primarily providing low-cost racing, while others aim for an authentic experience using the same regulations as the professional series (BRSCC F3).
There are other categories of single-seater racing, including kart racing, which employs a small, low-cost machine on small tracks. Many of the current top drivers began their careers in karts. Formula Ford represents the most popular first open-wheel category for up-and-coming drivers stepping up from karts. The series is still the preferred option, as it has introduced an aero package and slicks, allowing the junior drivers to gain experience in a race car with dynamics closer F1. The Star Mazda Series is another entry-level series.
The full electric Formula Student/Formula SAE car of the Eindhoven University of Technology
Students at colleges and universities can also take part in single-seater racing through the Formula SAE competition, which involves designing and building a single-seater car in a multidisciplinary team and racing it at the competition. This also develops other soft skills, such as teamwork, while promoting motorsport and engineering.
The world's first all-female Formula racing team was created in 2006. The group was an assemblage of drivers from different racing disciplines and formed for an MTV reality pilot, which was shot at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca.
Racing Drivers View.
In December 2005, the FIA gave approval to Superleague Formula racing, which debuted in 2008, whereby the racing teams are owned and run by prominent sports clubs such as A.C. Milan and Liverpool F.C.
After 25 years away from the sport, former Formula 2 champion Jonathan Palmer reopened the F2 category again; most drivers have graduated from the Formula Palmer Audi series. The category is officially registered as the FIA Formula Two championship. Most rounds have two races and are support races to the FIA World Touring Car Championship.
Opening lap of 2012 WTCC Race of Japan
Touring car racing is a style of road racing that is run with production-derived race cars. It often features full-contact racing due to the small speed differentials and large grids.
The major touring car championships conducted worldwide are the Supercars Championship (Australia), British Touring Car Championship, Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), and the World Touring Car Championship. The European Touring Car Cup is a one-day event open to Super 2000 specification touring cars from Europe's many national championships.
The Sports Car Club of America's SPEED World Challenge Touring Car and GT championships are dominant in North America. America's historic Trans-Am Series is undergoing a period of transition, but is still the longest-running road racing series in the U.S. The National Auto Sport Association also provides a venue for amateurs to compete in home-built factory-derived vehicles on various local circuits.
FIA GT1 at Silverstone in 2011
In sports car racing, production-derived versions of sports cars, also known as grand tourers (GTs), and purpose-built sports prototype cars compete within their respective classes on closed circuits. The premier championship series of sports car racing is the FIA World Endurance Championship. The main series for GT car racing is the FIA GT1 World Championship. There is also the FIA GT3 European Championship as well as the less powerful GT4 European Cup. Previously, an intermediate FIA GT2 European Championship existed, but the FIA dropped it to cut costs. Other major GT championships include the Japanese Super GT championship and the International GT Open for GT2 and GT3 cars. There are also national GT championships using mainly GT3 and GT4 cars featuring professional and amateur drivers alike.
The Audi R18, a Le Mans Prototype car, during an endurance race
Sports prototypes, unlike GT cars, do not rely on road-legal cars as a base. They are closed-wheel and often closed-cockpit purpose-built race cars intended mainly for endurance racing. They have much lower weight and more down force compared to GT cars, making them much faster. They are raced in the 24 hours of Le Mans (held annually since 1923) and in the (European) Le Mans series, Asian Le Mans Series and the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. These cars are referred to as LMP (Le Mans prototype) cars with LMP1 being run mainly by manufacturers and the slightly less powerful LMP2 cars run by privateer teams. All three Le Mans Series run GT cars in addition to Le Mans Prototypes; these cars have different restrictions than the FIA GT cars.
Another prototype and GT racing championship exists in the United States; the Grand-Am, which began in 2000, sanctions its own endurance series, the Rolex Sports Car Series, which consists of slower and lower-cost race cars compared to LMP and FIA GT cars. The Rolex Sports Car Series and American Le Mans Series announced a merger between the two series forming the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship starting in 2014.
These races are often conducted over long distances, at least 1,000 km (621 mi), and cars are driven by teams of two or more drivers, switching every few hours. Due to the performance difference between production-based sports cars and purpose-built sports prototypes, one race usually involves several racing classes, each fighting for their own championship.
Famous sports car races include the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Rolex 24 at Daytona, 24 Hours of Spa-Franchorchamps, the 12 Hours of Sebring, the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen, and the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta. There is also the 24 Hours of the Nürburgring on the infamous Nordschleife track and the Dubai 24 Hour, which is aimed at GT3 and below cars with a mixture of professional and pro-am drivers.
Production-car racing, otherwise known as "showroom stock" in the US, is an economical and rules-restricted version of touring-car racing, mainly used to restrict costs. Numerous production racing categories are based on particular makes of cars.
Most series follow the Group N regulation with a few exceptions. There are several different series that are run all over the world, most notably, Japan's Super Taikyu and IMSA's Firehawk Series, which ran in the 1980s and 1990s all over the United States.
One-make, or single marque, championships often employ production-based cars from a single manufacturer or even a single model from a manufacturer's range. There are numerous notable one-make formulae from various countries and regions, some of which – such as the Porsche Supercup and, previously, IROC – have fostered many distinct national championships. Single marque series are often found at club level, to which the production-based cars, limited modifications, and close parity in performance are very well suited. Some of the better-known single-make series are the Mini 7 Championship (Europe's longest-running one make championship), the Radical European Masters, John Cooper Mini Challenge, Clio Cup, Ginettas, Caterhams, BMWs, and MX5s. There are also single-chassis single seater formulae, such as Formula Renault and Formula BMW, usually as "feeder" series for "senior" race formula (in the fashion of farm teams).
In North America, stock car racing is the most popular form of auto racing. Primarily raced on oval tracks, stock cars vaguely resemble production cars, but are in fact purpose-built racing machines that are built to tight specifications and also called Silhouette racing cars.
NASCAR green flag start at Daytona International Speedway for the 2015 Daytona 500.
The largest stock car racing governing body is NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing). NASCAR's premier series is the Monster Energy Cup Series, its most famous races being the Daytona 500, the Southern 500, the Coca-Cola 600, and the Brickyard 400. NASCAR also runs several feeder series, including the Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series (a pickup truck racing series). The series conduct races across the entire continental United States. The NASCAR Pinty's Series conducts races across Canada and the NASCAR PEAK Mexico Series conducts races across Mexico.
NASCAR also governs several smaller regional series, such as the Whelen Modified Tour. Modified cars are best described as open-wheel cars. Modified cars have no parts related to the stock vehicle for which they are named after. A number of modified cars display a "manufacturer's" logo and "vehicle name", yet use components produced by another automobile manufacturer.
An ASA Late Model Series stock car on an asphalt track.
There are also other stock car governing bodies, most notably the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA).
In the UK, British Stock car racing is also referred to as "Short Circuit Racing". This takes place on shale or tarmac tracks – usually around 1/4 mile long. The governing bodies for the sport are the Oval Racing Council (ORC) and BriSCA. Both bodies are made up of individual stadium promoters. There are around 35 tracks in the UK and upwards of 7000 active drivers. The sport is split into three basic divisions – distinguished by the rules regarding car contact during racing. The most famous championship is the BriSCA F1 Stock Cars. Full-contact formulas include Bangers, Bombers and Rookie Bangers – and racing features Demolitions Derbies, Figure of Eight racing and Oval Racing.
Semi Contact Formulas include BriSCA F1, F2 and Superstox – where bumpers are used tactically.
Non-contact formulas include National Hot Rods, Stock Rods and Lightning Rods.
UK Stock car racing started in the 1950s and grew rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s.
Andreas Mikkelsen driving a VW Polo R WRC during the 2013 Rally de Portugal
Rallying at international and most national championship levels involves two classes of homologated road-legal production-based cars; Group N production cars and more modified Group A cars. Cars compete on closed public roads or off-road areas on a point-to-point format where participants and their co-drivers "rally" to a set of points, leaving in regular intervals from start points. A rally is typically conducted over a number of "special stages" on any terrain, which entrants are often allowed to scout beforehand at reduced speeds compiling detailed shorthand descriptions of the track or road as they go. These detailed descriptions are known as pace notes. During the actual rally, the co-driver reads the pace notes aloud (using an in-helmet intercom system) to the driver, enabling them to complete each stage as quickly as possible. Competition is based on lowest total elapsed time over the course of an event's special stages, including penalties.
The top series is the World Rally Championship (WRC), first contested in 1973, but there are also regional championships, and many countries have their own national championships. Some famous rallies include the Monte Carlo Rally, Rally Argentina, Rally Finland and Rally GB. Another famous event (actually best described as a rally raid) is the Paris-Dakar Rally, conceived in 1978. There are also many smaller, club level, categories of rallies, which are popular with amateurs, making up the "grass roots" of motor sports. Cars at this level may not comply fully with the requirements of group A or group N homologation. Other major rally events include the British Rally Championship, Intercontinental Rally Challenge, African Rally Championship, Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and endurance rally events like the Dakar Rally.
"Der Panzerwagen" at the 2010 Targa Tasmania
The Targa Tasmania, held on the Australian island state of Tasmania and run annually since 1992, takes its name from the Targa Florio, a former motoring event held on the island of Sicily. The competition concept is drawn directly from the best features of the Mille Miglia, the Coupe des Alpes and the Tour de Corse. Similarly named events around the world include the Targa Newfoundland based in Canada, Targa West based in Western Australia, Targa New Zealand and other smaller events.
Main page: Drag racing
Jet-propulsed dragster in Tarlton, South Africa
In drag racing, the objective is to complete a given straight-line distance, from a standing start, ahead of a vehicle in a parallel lane. This distance is traditionally 1⁄4 mile (400 m), though 1⁄8 mile (200 m) has become popular since the 1990s. The vehicles may or may not be given the signal to start at the same time, depending on the class of racing. Vehicles range from the everyday car to the purpose-built dragster. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class. Average street cars cover the ¼ mile in 12 to 16 seconds, whereas a top fuel dragster takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds of up to 530 km/h (329 mph). Drag racing was organized as a sport by Wally Parks in the early 1950s through the NHRA (National Hot Rod Association). The NHRA was formed to discourage street racing.
When launching, a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4 g (33 m/s²), and when braking parachutes are deployed the deceleration is 4 g (39 m/s²), more than the Space Shuttle experiences. A top fuel car can be heard over 8 miles (13 km) away and can generate a reading from 1.5 to 3.9 on the Richter scale.
Drag racing is two cars head-to-head, the winner proceeding to the next round. Professional classes are all first to the finish line wins. Sportsman racing is handicapped (slower car getting a head start) using an index (a lowest e.t. allowed), and cars running under (quicker than) their index "break out" and lose. The slowest cars, bracket racers, are also handicapped, but rather than an index, they use a dial-in.
Rod Hall in a Hummer H3 during a Best in the Desert race
In off-road racing, various classes of specially modified vehicles, including cars, compete in races through off-road environments. In North America these races often take place in the desert, such as the famous Baja 1000. Another format for off-road racing happens on closed-course short course tracks such as Crandon International Off-Road Raceway. In the 1980s and 1990s, short course was extended to racing inside stadiums in the Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group; this format was revived by Robby Gordon in 2013 with his Speed Energy Formula Off-Road series.
In Europe, "offroad" refers to events such as autocross or rallycross, while desert races and rally-raids such as the Paris-Dakar, Master Rallye or European "bajas" are called "cross-country rallies."
A sprint kart race in Atwater California hosted by the International Karting Federation
Main page: Kart racing
The modern kart was invented by Art Ingels, a fabricator at the Indianapolis-car manufacturer Kurtis-Kraft, in Southern California in 1956. Ingels took a small chainsaw engine and mounted it to a simple tube-frame chassis weighing less than 100 lb. Ingels, and everyone else who drove the kart, were startled at its performance capabilities. The sport soon blossomed in Southern California, and quickly spread around the world. Although often seen as the entry point for serious racers into the sport, kart racing, or karting, can be an economical way for amateurs to try racing and is also a fully fledged international sport in its own right. A large proportion of professional racing drivers began in karts, often from a very young age, such as Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso. Several former motorcycle champions have also taken up the sport, notably Wayne Rainey, who was paralysed in a racing accident and now races a hand-controlled kart. As one of the cheapest ways to race, karting is seeing its popularity grow worldwide.
Despite their diminutive size, karting's most powerful class, superkart, can have a power-to-weight ratio of 440 hp/tonne.
Auto racing Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


Looking for a great crossover in the Roswell area? You've come to the right place. At Mazda of Roswell, we can't wait to show you the 2018 Mazda CX-5. Wondering how it stacks up to the competition? We've compared it to one of its top competitors. Here's what we found.
When it comes to power, you generally compare horsepower. However, in efficient vehicles, it's more about what you do with the power you have. Some transmissions are smooth, others powerful, and a manual transmission puts power quickly to the road. With the release of SKYACTIV® transmissions, we have found one that does all three! You truly should enjoy what you drive and be efficient doing so.
Luxury cars are normally measured by how quiet they are and the refinement of the interior. With sound proofing glass and materials, the Mazda CX-5 has a muted interior. Quickly, you will find we didn't stop there. Air vents, engraved aluminum trim, 19-inch wheels, and premium paint options allow you to buy a higher end SUV without the price of one.
With AWD available in nearly all of our competition, you may be surprised to find the Mazda CX-5 actually holds the advantage in this category. Normally AWD systems are measured by how fast they respond to your vehicle slipping. This has been a cause for concern with companies like Consumer Reports that worry about how a consumer responds to this rare occurrence. With the Mazda, we take all those worries away by adding a predictive aspect. Windshield wipers, outside temperature gauge, and 25 other systems provide measurements more than 200 times per second to engage the AWD in advance of slipping and hopefully prevent you from ever slipping.
Looking off the road is one of the most dangerous things you can do while driving your car. Are you reaching for the stereo, looking at your onboard displays, or checking your blind spot? Mazda worked hard to make your ride comfortable, convenient, and safe. With a touchscreen mounted on your dashboard, audible and visual blind spot monitoring system, standard commander control, and available heads up display, we put everything in easy reach and right where you are already looking.
Three words that mean something on their own but never meant as much until they were combined in a paint. With a vibrancy, depth, and richness that is unmatched you get a color with as much personality as the person driving the car. This paint goes from a candy red to a near black, depending on light and angle. A three-layer process comprising of clear, translucent, and reflective coats now adds highly saturated red pigment and brilliant, extremely thin aluminum flakes.
With features like Lane Departure Warning and Smart City Braking, we try to help you in emergency situations. But more importantly, we want your car to just be safe and feel good while doing it. G-Vectoring is the answer. Anyone who has ever driven a manual transmission will immediately appreciate the first part of this system. Going into a curve, it reduces torque, transferring load to your front wheels for better control giving the torque back to you at just the right time to feel it accelerate out of the curve. The second part however may be the more noticeable aspect providing quality of life improvements. We have all been annoyed making tiny steering corrections just to stay straight in our lane. G-Vectoring does them for you, cutting down the driving fatigue normally experienced on long drives or in heavy commutes.
Ready to check out the Mazda CX-5? Stop by our dealership or call 770-594-6535 today.
*MSRP excludes tax, title, license fees and destination charge of $875 (Alaska $920). Model shown priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary.


Oh hey guys! Happy Friday! As many of you may know, Ash and I took a little road trip to our sister's house near Houston over the Summer and crashed her living room. We built her several new pieces and helped make her house feel more like a home…. It was so much fun. Today I am sharing a console table I built her for under her TV. This has great open shelving for baskets under to hide toys or blankets or whatever you like to throw into a basket… Check out her new Diagonal Base Farmhouse Console Table!
Isn't she pretty? Don't be fooled though! This thing is a beast in size! The entire thing is built with 2x framing lumber so Ash and I did a little weightlifting getting it into the house after I finish it.
I will walk you through the entire build below. You can also download and print the FREE PLANS by clicking HERE!
Here is the supply list for this table… 11 boards people! Lumber cost was around $50 people!
And here is a shot of the cut list… Remember! It's best on lots of parts to cut as you go to get perfect measurements.
My first step was building the back of the console. This begins with a frame. This entire piece is built using my K5 Kreg Jig which made the road trip with us 😉 You will make 1.5″ pocket holes where I have marked in the cut list. I started by making those pocket holes for the boards that create the frame of the back of the console. You will create two of these frames…. One will be the back with the diagonal accents and the other will remain as is for the front of the table.
And, I used 2.5″ pocket hole screws through each of my pocket holes.
Now, I added the diagonal accents to the back frame. You want all your pocket holes facing the same way so that they remain hidden in the back when it's all assembled.
After making the angled cuts on the diagonal pieces, you will put them in the Kreg Jig like this to make the 1.5″ pocket holes.
They will look like this once the pocket holes are made.
I attached each piece to the back frame using wood glue and 2.5″ pocket hole screws.
Next, I added my side pieces. These are also attached the same way with glue and PH screws.
The bottom sides will look the same, and here is a shot of the spacing of these supports.
At this point, I attached the front base to the back base using 2.5″ pocket hole screws through the pocket holes in the short supports and into the back of the front frame.
Final step is creating and attaching both shelves. These look the same but the top uses a wider board. I added pocket holes to both piece of each shelf first.
Next, I attached them together using 2.5″ pocket hole screws.
To attach the top shelf, I laid the entire base upside-down on the bottom of the top shelf and attached with 2.5″ pocket hole screws through the pocket holes I added on the aprons.
I attached the bottom shelf the same way, but laid the console on it's side to do so, making it easier to access the pocket holes on the bottom supports.
Here is a shot of it all finished up and ready for stain!
We originally planned on using Briarsmoke for this table, but I left it in Ft. Worth… Oops! Apparently, it's difficult to find Varathane stain in Houston! So, we mixed Weathered Grey and Dark Walnut to get this finish… Which is just about the same! Here are a few more shots of her all finished up!
You can find ALL the cute baskets and accessories at At Home!
What are the final dimensions of this table?
What program do you use to create your plans??
This table came out fantastic!! Absolutely Love it! And I do agree with the comment that it is easier to stain before attaching the shelves. Thanks for sharing these plans!!
Did you gals straight edge the sides of the lumber? I can't tell from the pics. Thank you so much.
Hi! Thank you so so much for the plans for this table! I just finished mine and I'm in awe of how it turned out! (I wish I could post a picture but I'm not sure how to do that?) Mine is painted white all over with a dark espresso finish on the two flat shelves. This was my first ever project and certainly not my last! The plans were super easy to follow and I learned a ton! Turned out gorgeous!!! Thank you again!
Did you make they wall as well?
The three dividers connecting the front to the rear panels if you rip these to two (2) inch that will off set the inch and half shelf boards laying flush giving it a more finished look.
The bottom runners do not need upward facing pocket holes (no shelf on top of these). this will save some time.
Adding a few pictures, Hope this helps someone down the road.
Am I blind? I don't see the angle of the angle cuts listed anywhere… But nobody else who built this mentions that either. I'm guessing 22.5 degree's?
Yes 22.5 degrees worked for me!
I'm curious if the bottom shelf will fit in between the leg frames, rather than looking like it's sitting on top of it.
So basically, it's one flat surface throughout. Has anybody tried this?
Look at my pictures and post above.
Thanks. I actually finished mine a while ago. Forgot to post pictures tho. Did you not do planks on the top shelf? You did a flat piece?
My mom and I finished this console in an evening and it is absolutely gorgeous. We even found your stain at our local Home Depot. Next time we make it tho, I will do some of the staining before we connect the piece together (mainly the 15″ boards in the middle that combine the front and back)…it was too hard to stain all those once we had it all together.
The plans were so easy to follow and we really loved that it was color coded-this was the first real furniture piece we've made…thanks so so much!! We love you girls!
I love this table!! We built one and was able to find the Briarsmoke Varathane stain for it. It looks amazing!! I have just one question, what type of sealer did you use? Thank you so much for such easy to follow directions.
Hey ladies! My husband and I just built this – but your plans are a little off. In your renderings, all the 31.75″ cuts have 7 Kreg Jig holes in them, when in actuality only the top 31.75″ cuts needs that many holes. The bottoms pieces don't. next time we make this we will be using 1x's… the 2x's were a bit overkill.
That's what is great about DIY! You can make anything how you like 🙂 we prefer the chunky look of the 2x's and they are a lot cheaper than 1x ????
It's much cheaper to build this table using 1x's at my local orange big box! I don't understand why 2x's would be cheaper. Is that true in some locations?
hey ladies. I love this !! I was wondering if you had any ideas on where to put Cable receiver box. Thanks !!!
Hi! I absolutely love this table and have been building it for the past few weeks. I recently came to the step where you attach the front base to the back base with the short supports using the pocket hole screws, and I came to find that my drill does not fit between the boards. I have the standard 18V Ryobi drill. If only the drill bit was shorter because if I had about an inch and a half, then it would fit. I dug through everything I have and could not find anything shorter that would fit the back of the screw so I'm stuck and not sure what to do! I was wondering if you had any ideas or if there was a shorter bit I could possibly use to tackle this. Thanks a bunch 🙂 ~Staci.
Could ask how much did of each stain you mixed to get that color?
I am curious about this stain question as well. Hoping you can provide us with an answer.


text:
Behind the bars
by Cassie Horton 0 comment(s) brinkcase
Cell phones measure received signal strength in dBm (decibels referenced to 1mW, a logarithmic scale where 1mW is equal to 0dBm). The bars on your phone are a visual representation of this measurement. You can see the numeric value for yourself in Field Test Mode.1 To activate Field Test Mode on an iPhone dial *3001#12345#*
iPhone's have two slightly different versions of Field Test Mode depending on which model of iPhone you have.
iPhones powered by an Intel modem which includes models sold by AT&T and T-Mobile (A1784 (iPhone 7), A1778 (iPhone 7 Plus), A1905 (iPhone 8), A1897 (iPhone 8 Plus) and A1901 (iPhone X)) will look like this:
Signal strength details can be found in the LTE>Serving Cell Meas> section. RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) is the primary measurement used to determine the number of "bars". rsrp0 and rsrp1 refer the two antennas in an iPhone (one at the top of the phone and one at the bottom). The 0 or 1 do not refer to a particular antenna, but rsrp0 displays the stronger of the signals measured by the two antennas.
Extra credit: SINR stands for Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio – if the environment is RF "noisy" SINR is actually used to determine the number of "bars". RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) also takes into account noise and interference.
In iOS 11, the "bars" RSRP ranges are:
Prior to iOS 11, four "bars" or "dots" had the range -85 to -94 dBm, and there was a fifth dot for > -85 dBm.
iPhone's powered by a Qualcomm modem, which includes models sold by Verizon or Sprint (A1660 (iPhone 7), A1661 (iPhone 7 Plus), A1863 (iPhone 8), A1864 (iPhone 8 Plus) and A1865 (iPhone X)) have a different Field Test Mode:
Signal strength measurements will be in the Serving Cell Measurements> section. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is an alternate indicator of the signal strength. (Unlike RSRP, RSSI does not exclude noise and interference, and is not independent of bandwidth or data transfer activity).2
The "bars" are only displaying the signal received by the phone, but your phone is also transmitting a signal. It is often the transmitted signal from the phone that is the limiting factor in making or keeping a connection when you are far from a cell tower. reach case improves both the received and transmitted signals.
1http://www.redmondpie.com/how-strong-is-your-iphone-signal-find-out-now-no-jailbreak-required/
2 http://s4gru.com/entry/308-rssi-vs-rsrp-a-brief-lte-signal-strength-primer/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Query ActiveRecord with file permission type mathematical formula So standard file permissions are written in 0 to 7:
7 = 4+2+1 (read/write/execute)
6 = 4+2 (read/write)
5 = 4+1 (read/execute)
4 = 4 (read)
3 = 2+1 (write/execute)
2 = 2 (write)
1 = 1 (execute)

So lets say I want to save the permissions on a record the same way.  How do I place a query/scope on records that permit "read" permissions.
For example 4 == :record_permission % (4+1) should return all readable by permission records.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.jabref.gui.keyboard;

import java.util.Optional;

import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;

import org.jabref.gui.IconTheme;

import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;

/**
 * This class represents a view model for objects of the KeyBinding
 * class. It has two properties representing the localized name of an
 * action and its key bind. It can also represent a key binding category
 * instead of a key bind itself.
 *
 */
public class KeyBindingViewModel {

    private KeyBinding keyBinding = null;
    private String realBinding = "";
    private ObservableList<KeyBindingViewModel> children = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
    private KeyBindingRepository keyBindingRepository;
    private final SimpleStringProperty displayName = new SimpleStringProperty();
    private final SimpleStringProperty shownBinding = new SimpleStringProperty();

    private final KeyBindingCategory category;

    public KeyBindingViewModel(KeyBindingRepository keyBindingRepository, KeyBinding keyBinding, String binding) {
        this(keyBindingRepository, keyBinding.getCategory());
        this.keyBinding = keyBinding;
        setDisplayName();
        setBinding(binding);
    }

    public KeyBindingViewModel(KeyBindingRepository keyBindingRepository, KeyBindingCategory category) {
        this.keyBindingRepository = keyBindingRepository;
        this.category = category;
        setDisplayName();
    }

    public ObservableList<KeyBindingViewModel> getChildren() {
        return children;
    }

    public KeyBinding getKeyBinding() {
        return keyBinding;
    }

    public StringProperty shownBindingProperty() {
        return this.shownBinding;
    }

    public String getBinding() {
        return realBinding;
    }

    private void setBinding(String bind) {
        this.realBinding = bind;
        String[] parts = bind.split(" ");
        String displayBind = "";
        for (String part : parts) {
            displayBind += CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL.to(CaseFormat.UPPER_CAMEL, part) + " ";
        }
        this.shownBinding.set(displayBind.trim().replace(" ", " + "));
    }

    private void setDisplayName() {
        this.displayName.set((keyBinding == null) ? this.category.getName() : keyBinding.getLocalization());
    }

    public StringProperty nameProperty() {
        return this.displayName;
    }

    public boolean isCategory() {
        return (keyBinding == null) ? true : false;
    }

    /**
     * Sets a a new key bind to this objects key binding object if
     * the given key event is a valid combination of keys.
     *
     * @param evt as KeyEvent
     * @return true if the KeyEvent is a valid binding, false else
     */
    public boolean setNewBinding(KeyEvent evt) {
        // validate the shortcut is no modifier key
        KeyCode code = evt.getCode();
        if (code.isModifierKey() || (code == KeyCode.BACK_SPACE) || (code == KeyCode.SPACE) || (code == KeyCode.TAB)
                || (code == KeyCode.ENTER) || (code == KeyCode.UNDEFINED)) {
            return false;
        }

        // gather the pressed modifier keys
        String modifiers = "";
        if (evt.isControlDown()) {
            modifiers = "ctrl ";
        }
        if (evt.isShiftDown()) {
            modifiers += "shift ";
        }
        if (evt.isAltDown()) {
            modifiers += "alt ";
        }

        // if no modifier keys are pressed, only special keys can be shortcuts
        if (modifiers.isEmpty()) {
            if (!(code.isFunctionKey() || (code == KeyCode.ESCAPE) || (code == KeyCode.DELETE))) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        String newShortcut = modifiers + code;
        setBinding(newShortcut);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * This method will reset the key bind of this models KeyBinding object to it's default bind
     */
    public void resetToDefault() {
        if (!isCategory()) {
            String key = getKeyBinding().getKey();
            keyBindingRepository.resetToDefault(key);
            setBinding(keyBindingRepository.get(key));
        }
    }

    public Optional<IconTheme.JabRefIcon> getIcon() {
        return isCategory() ? Optional.empty() : Optional.of(IconTheme.JabRefIcon.CLEANUP_ENTRIES);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Asus X00GD is another budget smartphone that is designed for people who are more concerned about their pocket size, yet seeking the best specs and features. In this post you shall be seeing an overview of the Asus X00GD full specifications. price, features and expected release date in India.
The Asus X00GD will be classified as an above average phone with respect to its features and expected price tag. It will be coming loaded with the latest Android 7.0 Nougat operating system and an octa-core processor cloaked at 1.5GHz.
The phone will weigh 169g, having body dimensions of 149.5 x 73.7 x 8.85mm. Asus X00GD will features a display screen of 5.2inch with resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels. Other display features include HD IPS Display and sensors like Accelerometer, Proximity Sensor and Ambient Light Sensor.
The battery capacity of the Asus X00GD is okay for heavy users, as it will be powered by a 4850mAh battery. At the camera department, it will be featuring an 8MP front camera and a 13MP rear camera with digital zoom, video recording and video resolution of 1920×1080 @30 FPS.
The Asus X00GD supports LTE + LTE network and has multiple connectivity options like 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB and GPS. It is a dual SIM phone coming with 2GB or RAM and 16GB internal memory (expandable to 128GB). Asus X00GD will be arriving the market in three colour variants; White, Silver and Rose Gold, and will be available online after the release date.
The Asus X00GD launch date is expected to come up on the 16th July 2017 in India. This is just a best guess, any changes will be updated on this page when proper information is received from our source.
The price of the Asus X00GD in India is expected to start from Rs. 9,999, which is quite affordable and pocket friendly too. The prices in other parts of the world will be reflected on this page once it is announced.


text:
Home The Past American Century How history textbooks will deal with the US Capitol attack – Wall,...
How history textbooks will deal with the US Capitol attack – Wall, Anderson, & Martin (01/26/2021)
Rioters clash with police as they try to enter the Capitol building. Lev Radin/Pacific Press/LightRocket via Getty Images
Wendy Wall, Binghamton University, State University of New York; Christian K. Anderson, University of South Carolina, and Daisy Martin, University of California, Santa Cruz
Editor's note: The Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol represented an event unlike any other in American history. But how will it be portrayed in history textbooks used in America's K-12 schools and colleges? Here, three scholars of American history weigh in.
How soon can we expect this attack to be included in history textbooks?
Wendy L. Wall, professor of 20th-century American history at Binghamton University. Binghamton University
Wendy L. Wall, professor of 20th-century American history at Binghamton University
The unprecedented nature of this attack, combined with the widespread sense that it marks a historical turning point, ensures that it will appear in textbooks as soon as publishing turnaround times allow.
In recent years, the college textbook market has increasingly turned to digital formats. That means changes will likely be made in months rather than years, at least at the college level.
Publishers generally revise print textbooks every few years. The Sept. 11, 2001 attacks appeared in texts published in 2003, although textbook writers were still trying to understand the full ramifications of 9/11 at the time. As the historian Philip Jenkins noted in his preface to one of those 2003 books, "it is much too early to tell what all the consequences of the terrorist attacks will be."
Christian K. Anderson, associate professor of educational leadership and policies at the University of Southern Carolina. University of Southern Carolina
Christian K. Anderson, associate professor of educational leadership and policies at the University of Southern Carolina
Often the distance of time and space is needed to evaluate the historical significance of an event. I don't think that's necessarily the case with the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol – and the subsequent swift second impeachment of President Donald Trump for his role in inciting mob violence.
A fear immediately arose that this sort of thing will only continue around the country. That, to me, is all the more reason that having some historical understanding of current events is crucial for people of all ages.
Consider what happened after Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, the ardent abolitionist, was nearly beaten to death on the Senate floor in 1856 by Rep. Preston Brooks of South Carolina. Brooks beat Sumner because he was insulted by Sumner's attacks on slavery.
Brooks walked out of the Senate chamber without immediate repercussions. He was later censured by the House but then reelected by South Carolinians, many of whom had sent him canes to replace the one he had broken while beating Sumner.
Historian Stephen Puleo argues that this incident is one of several that led to the Civil War.
A man carries a Confederate flag during the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. saul loeb/AFP via Getty Images
Interestingly, a portrait of Sumner can be seen in the photo of one of the rioters who was parading through the Capitol with a Confederate flag during the attack. In the same image is a portrait of John C. Calhoun. A devout slavery proponent, Calhoun represented South Carolina in the Senate and served as vice president in the early 19th century.
To me, that a Confederate flag could enter the Capitol – particularly when the Confederacy itself never invaded Washington, D.C., much less the Capitol – stands as a stark sign of how the attack is part of a much larger thread of history.
Daisy Martin, director of the History & Civics Project at UC Santa Cruz. UC Santa Cruz
Daisy Martin, director of the History & Civics Project at the University of California, Santa Cruz
For K-12 education, the timing of including this attack on the Capitol in history textbooks is likely more affected by textbook companies' revision schedules and states or school districts' textbook adoption schedules than considerations about how much time must pass after an event to get the narrative right. This attack is a part of U.S. history now. It could be included in textbooks by the fall of 2021, if publishers can respond that quickly. The attack was not a complete anomaly, and it can be described as both a continuation of and a change from the past, even while its long-term impacts are still unfolding. This event was seen worldwide. Its significance and drama likely will interest students, potentially propelling them into deeper questions about democracy, white supremacy and the American past.
How will the attack itself be portrayed?
Wall: Dutch historian Pieter Geyl once called history "an argument without end." While history is based on facts, scholars are constantly reinterpreting and arguing over the past as they uncover new evidence and develop new methodologies. Contemporary politics and social and cultural trends also reshape what historians view as important. For decades after World War II, most scholars believed that liberalism had triumphed in the U.S. Historians saw modern conservatism as irrational and irrelevant, and paid it scant attention in scholarly accounts or textbooks. That changed after the conservative political resurgence ushered in by the presidency of Ronald Reagan.
Textbooks once focused almost exclusively on the militancy of Black Power, a political and social movement of the 1960s and 1970s that advocated racial pride, economic empowerment and self-determination for people of African descent. Today many college textbooks also discuss the educational, food and medical programs that groups like the Black Panthers set up in African American communities.
Members of the Black Panthers distribute food to people in New Haven, Connecticut. David Fenton/Getty Images
New sources, new approaches and changing sensibilities will shape textbook accounts of this attack as well. Moreover, authors and publishers will make different decisions when they decide how much space to devote to the attack, what photos they will use to illustrate it and how to assign blame and contextualize it.
Was this attack the culmination of the four years of the Trump presidency or of the direction the Republican Party has taken over the last four decades? Does it reflect a deeply American strain of white supremacy or the rise of virulent populism and authoritarianism around the globe? Is it the result of how social media is influencing democracy? Textbook authors might emphasize one or more of these themes and questions – or others, including some we can't yet foresee.
Anderson: Surely, all of these terms being mentioned – riot, insurrection, attack, sedition, treason – will be used. A good approach for a text might be to list each of these terms along with others, such as "protest," with definitions. As an exercise or discussion question section, readers could be given examples of each of these from history and asked to determine how they would define the events that took place on Jan. 6, 2021. Alternatively, they could be asked to evaluate those events against each of these terms. In the end, it is likely that most students would conclude that there is a lot of overlap among these terms and that more than one might apply.
Is there a right or wrong answer? No. History is all about interpretation and reinterpretation. At some point a select few terms may become the most used, but for now professors, teachers, students and others will wrestle with what happened, why it happened and what we call it. The ambiguity is part of process.
Martin: Textbooks should not carry the history curriculum on their own. A textbook can be a reference in the classroom, but it is also a source that, just like any other source, is worthy of interrogation. The content included in textbooks regarding the insurrection at the Capitol should therefore be the start of a conversation, rather than the end of it. History requires consulting multiple sources and identifying, critiquing and constructing evidence-based narratives. Engaging students in doing this work in the classroom, rather than just memorizing a particular narrative, is a better representation of the historical discipline and allows students to learn history.
[Expertise in your inbox. Sign up for The Conversation's newsletter and get expert takes on today's news, every day.]
Wendy Wall, Associate Professor of 20th Century American History, Binghamton University, State University of New York; Christian K. Anderson, Associate Professor of Higher Education, University of South Carolina, and Daisy Martin, Director of The History & Civics Project, University of California, Santa Cruz
Previous articleGlobal Right-Wing Extremism Networks Are Growing. The U.S. Is Just Now Catching Up. – Sebastian Rotella (01/26/2021)
Next articleDon't Worry, "the Economists" Have Everything under Control – Robert Aro (01/26/2021)


text:
Joarilla de las Matas est une commune d'Espagne dans la province de León, communauté autonome de Castille-et-León. Elle s'étend sur  et comptait environ 361 habitants en 2011.

Commune dans la province de León

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Making the title bar of a window completely transparent i'm working on an macos app in Swift 3, where I'd like to make the title bar transparent, and not show the title of my app, so basically, just the 3 buttons (close, minify, fullscreen) on my background.
What I tried is to put the following in the viewDidLoad method of the first view controller that is being used:
self.view.window?.styleMask.insert(NSWindowStyleMask.unifiedTitleAndToolbar)
self.view.window?.styleMask.insert(NSWindowStyleMask.fullSizeContentView)
self.view.window?.styleMask.insert(NSWindowStyleMask.titled)
self.view.window?.toolbar?.isVisible = false
self.view.window?.titleVisibility = .hidden
self.view.window?.titlebarAppearsTransparent = true

but what I end up with is this:

it seems like the title bar has got a lower opacity then normal, but I'd like it (and the app title) gone completely.
Am I missing something or is this impossible?
Thanks.

A: The problem is that inside viewDidLoad method the window property is always nil. All the optional chaining in your code just fails silently. You just need to move your code to viewWillAppear method.
override func viewWillAppear() {
    super.viewWillAppear()

    // configure your window properties here
}


text:
Adrienne Ames ~ The Tragic Actress
Adrienne Ames was a Ziegfeld Follies showgirl who became a popular actress before her
untimely death.
She was born Ruth Adrienne McClure on August 3, 1903 (some sources say 1907) in Ft. Worth, Texas. Adrienne was one of eight children. At the age of seventeen she married Derward Dumont Truax, a wealthy oil man. Their daughter Barbara was born in 1922. Soon after she divorced her husband and moved to New York City. She started her career performing with the Ziegfeld Follies using the name Adrienne Truax. Adrienne had a lovely figure and often posed nude for photographer Alfred Cheney Johnston. She also took literature classes at Columbia University. Then she moved to Hollywood where she worked as a stand-in for Pola Negri. She made her film debut in the 1929 musical Sally. That same year she married producer Stephen M. Ames. She was offered a contract at Paramount in 1931. Adrienne appeared in the films Husband's Holiday, Sinners In The Sun, and Guilty As Hell. She quickly found herself typecast as a glamorous society girl. Her marriage was unhappy and she started an affair with actor Bruce Cabot.
Adrienne posed nude for Alfred Cheney Johnston
She left her husband and married Bruce on October 31, 1933. Tragically just one month after the wedding her younger sister, actress Gladys MacClure, died in a car accident. Adrienne costarred with W. C. Fields in You're Telling Me and with Rudy Vallee in George White's Scandal's. She loved designer clothes and became known as one of Hollywood's best dressed women. After several separations she and Bruce were finally divorced in 1937. She claimed that he was a violent drunk. In 1939 she starred in the low budget dramas The Zero Hour and Panama Patrol. Unhappy with the roles she was getting she decided to quit acting. She moved to New York City and began hosting a popular radio show. During World War 2 she volunteered with Bundles For Bluejackets and appeared in ads for Chesterfield cigarettes. She had a starring role in the 1945 Broadway show Beggars Are Coming To Town. Sadly on May 31, 1947 Adrienne died of cancer. She was just forty-three years old. Her daughter and mother were at her bedside when she died. She was buried at Oakwood Cemetrey in Ft. Worth, Texas.
Adrienne Ames Adulterous Affairs Alfred Cheney Johnston Died Young George White's Scandals Pola Negri Posed Nude


Calvin and his wife, Dorothy, are inside a brightly lit Verizon store on Pine and Battery streets in San Francisco, attending an evening "Android: Getting Started" workshop. They've been married for more than 50 years, and when he jokes that Dorothy is merely 25 years old, she laughs and says she's actually 82. After getting suggestions from a sales rep, the couple bought two Samsung Galaxy S3s (according to Dorothy, they bought the same phone "so at least one of us has a fighting chance to figure it out"), but became increasingly frustrated with how to use it.
All in the designPhone manufacturers that specialize in the senior demographic have been trying to figure out how to make their handsets as user-friendly as possible, At the CTIA mobile conference this year, Doro unveiled its PhoneEasy740, an unreleased smartphone created specifically for seniors, Though it has a touch screen, a data connection, and an app store, the handset also has a generously sized rubber number pad, an emergency call button, and a camera that doubles as a iphone case taser magnifying glass, "Basically we were thinking: how can we take the technology and connectivity of the smartphone and bring that in with seniors?" said Thomas Bergdahl, Doro's vice president of product development..
Other than performing well and reliably, physical design is one of the most important factors in building a good senior device. And while everyone wants the end products to look modern, simplicity is still king. A few standards Bergdahl cited: avoid sharp edges and corners, have easily interpreted shapes, and work with buttons but be strategic about where you place them. "There is a lot of thought in the details that you don't see," he said. "But you feel those details when you hold the phone in your hands."In addition to form factor, user interface is a key element. It should be clean and easy to follow. If done well, users will hardly notice it. Executed poorly, however, and they will become frustrated and give up.
"No dead ends, no logical leaps," said David Inns, CEO of GreatCall Inc., the producer of the Jitterbug senior handset, According to him, as soon as users aren't sure what to do next and hit "a dead end where it's not obvious where they're supposed to go, you've lost them."Working out the kinksBut knowing what you want to do is one thing, and figuring out how to do it is another, A lot of research and development gets poured into creating these iphone case taser handsets, Both companies cited getting feedback from multiple organizations, including the San Diego Center for the Blind and the Royal National Institute for Deaf People U.K..
Doro and GreatCall also hold numerous focus groups, collaborate with several retirement communities, and, of course, have their fair share of trial and error. In one of the first iterations of the PhoneEasy740, Doro included too many icons that demanded too much attention on the start screen. "It became too cluttered, though we thought we already reduced the number of icons to very few," Bergdahl said. On older Jitterbug models, the volume buttons were placed on the front of the clamshell phone. The thought process was that it'd be easier to press the volume rocker since it was where a user's fingers would be when the phone is held against a face anyway.


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En route to a two week trip around Latvia, during a layover at Keflavik airport in Iceland, I experienced Directions, a sculpture installation by Steinunn Thorarinsdottir.
Four life casts in aluminum are mounted on columns of basalt, a hard volcanic stone common to this seismic island. The figures face outward, toward the four compass points and therefore the ends of the earth, like explorers awaiting their voyages. The artist's choice of material may seem alien, since there are no veins of metal to be mined here in this geologically new land. However, the American aluminum industry has been a contributor to the economy for some time, importing the raw materials and converting these at their factories through the use of Iceland's ample earth energies. This benefits the economy of Iceland in many periferal ways, giving the artist's selected media added meaning. Her use of aluminum imparts a significant social statement.
Iceland Air showed a documentary about the making of Directions and Thorarinsdottir's process as one of the in-flight offerings, which in itself made a statement about the importance of contemporary art to this small country of only 300,000 residents.
Although Thorarinsdottir's cast metal figures immediately remind one of Antony Gormley's iron self-casts standing sentinel over coastlines, bays, (Another Place), and staring into museum entrances (Reflection II at the DeCordova Museum in Lincoln,MA), the brightness of her aluminum and her neutering of these figures give them a lighter, more ethereal character. Are they human or huldufolk? Allegories for the cardinal points or mechanized indicators of the human impulse to roam? The media itself and her refinements of the figures make these her own.
This entry was posted in Norse, reviews, sculpture and tagged contemporary art, public sculpture, sculpture. Bookmark the permalink. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.


R253 solder paste is specifically formulated as a robust no-clean product with excellent print characteristics and can be processed in air or nitrogen environments while leaving minimal residue. And reflow characteristics are said to be excellent. The R253 flux residues are probe friendly and compatible with in-circuit testing equipment. R598 is an organic, water-soluble paste designed specifically to maintain its tackiness and printing characteristics for up to 10 hours while delivering exceptional solderability to a wide variety of metallic substrates. The activator package in R598 is extremely aggressive to provide superior welding to OSP coated boards and silver-palladium leaded components.


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text:
Private equity group buys CMOSIS
Belgium-based fabless developer of CMOS image sensors set to sold to equity giant TA Associates.
12 megapixels; 300 frames per second
CMOSIS, the off-shoot of Belgian microelectronics institute IMEC that specializes in high-performance and customized image sensors, has been acquired by the private equity firm TA Associates.
According to the two companies, the transaction – for an undisclosed fee - is conditional on regulatory clearance but is expected to be completed by early next year.
Started up in 2007 by some of the people involved in the IMEC spin-out FillFactory, CMOSIS is focused on applications in machine vision, high-end digital photography, digital cinema, aerospace, science, medicine and biology. It currently employs over 60 people, and was recently ranked by Deloitte as Belgium's fastest-growing technology company.
The Antwerp-based firm, which has pursued a fabless business model, initially attracted financial backing from Capital-E Arkiv, before broadening its capital base with funding from ING Corporate Investments in Belgium, the ING Activator Fund, the ARKimedes Investment Fund of ING Belgium, and Flanders-based Participatiemaatschapij Vlaanderen.
CEO Luc De Mey says that the change of ownership will "allow CMOSIS to continue growing as an independent company".
J. Morgan Seigler from TA Associates' UK wing will now join the CMOSIS board of directors, and commented: "The CMOSIS management team has demonstrated expertise in building image sensor businesses. We are excited to partner with such experienced and successful entrepreneurs. CMOSIS is profitable, with a highly reputable brand, attractive client base, and impressive and accelerating growth."
$8 billion market
According to figures produced by the French analyst and consultancy company Yole Développement, the growing market for image sensors is on course to exceed $8 billion by next year.
And while a large chunk of that market relates to the somewhat commoditized consumer electronics sector served by major players like OmniVision Technologies and Sony, CMOSIS is focused on a number of smaller, but faster-growing, niche segments that do not suffer from the same kind of demand volatility.
That includes applications like machine vision, production cameras, traffic enforcement, medical devices and some high-end consumer products (Nokia's "Lumia" smart phone features a 41 megapixel sensor), where charge-coupled device (CCD) technology has dominated historically. However, the far greater scalability of CMOS chip production means that sensors based on the manufacturing process are becoming ever more widespread.
Ajit Nedungadi, the managing director of TA Associates in the UK, explained: "CCD has traditionally been the dominant technology in the high-end image sensor market that CMOSIS serves."
"The migration to CMOS is being driven by a lower cost of manufacturing, lower power requirements, higher speeds and improved sensor resolution. This accelerating market shift should continue to prove favorable for CMOSIS."
Founded by Lou Hermans, Guy Meynants, Jan Bogaerts and Tim Baeyens, CMOSIS operates a CMOS wafer test and characterization laboratory at its headquarters – a historic building previously owned by the Antwerp Telephone And Electric Works. Earlier this year it announced plans to ramp volume production of a 12 megapixel sensor for industrial applications with Israeli manufacturing partner TowerJazz.
With investments in more than 400 companies, TA has made a handful of previous ventures into optics and photonics technology, though these have typically been limited to the communications sector.
Its portfolio companies have included Finisar, Alma Lasers and IPG Photonics, while TA also bought into the indium phosphide optical component maker CyOptics before it was acquired by Avago Technologies earlier this year.
CMOSIS
Cmosis broadens CMOS portfolio
Start-up firm enters image sensor market


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Nestled amid the Santa Rosa Mountains in Southern California, The Westin Desert Willow Villas, Palm Desert is an invigorating oasis set adjacent to one of the area's most celebrated golf resorts, Desert Willow Golf Resort. Two award-winning championship courses — considered 36 holes of the Coachella Valley's best plays — are yours to experience whenever you like. Beyond the resort, famed Palm Desert beckons you to explore.
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Discover Los Suenos Marriott Ocean & Golf Resort, recognized by Travel & Leisure magazine as one of the "World's Best Hotels for Families." Nestled between the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean and a 1,100-acre tropical rainforest, our luxury Costa Rica resort features spacious guest rooms and suites with stunning views. Experience the ultimate vacation getaway while enjoying an ocean-side pool, upscale restaurants and a variety of popular attractions nearby.
The Hutchinson Island Marriott Beach Resort & Marina sets the stage for an unforgettable adventure. Ideally situated in Stuart, Florida, our hotel places you on the marina, approximately one mile from the beach, while our upgraded Sandpiper Tower suites feature a pristine beachfront location, separate from the main hotel grounds. We boast a selection of luxury amenities, such as an 18-hole golf course, multiple tennis courts, three outdoor pools, and a private marina.
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Nestled in the rolling foothills of the Smoky Mountains, the MeadowView Marriott Conference Resort & Convention Center is close to the Tri Cities Regional Airport, Bristol Motor Speedway and Bays Mountain Park. Enjoy our on-site Reedy Creek Winery with property tasting room. As the only full-service hotel in Kingsport, our hotel is top-rated in Guest Satisfaction by Marriott International. Each of the 305 guest rooms features stylish decor, lush carpeting, refrigerators, flat-screen TVs & wireless high speed Internet.
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Set among this world-famous equine breeding ground is Griffin Gate Marriott Resort & Spa. Enjoy a round of golf at our newly renovated Rees Jones designed golf course or relax in our full-service spa. Indulge in flavorful seafood, mouthwatering filets and decadent desserts at JW's Steakhouse, our award-winning restaurant, or enjoy appetizers and cocktails in JW's Lounge. Also home to an indoor and outdoor pool, and fitness center.
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Home News Community Sunny Balzano's Widow is the One-Woman Force Keeping Sunny's Alive
Sunny Balzano's Widow is the One-Woman Force Keeping Sunny's Alive
Tyler Wetherall
Amongst Brooklyn's famed bars, Sunny's has achieved almost mythic status: a magical den of bluegrass and whisky, hidden down by the harbor in Red Hook, where long nights roll into pink-hued mornings looking over cobblestone streets, as the last of the musicians leave for the night, their instruments tucked under their arm and a skip in their step.
But while many of the bar's disciples recognize its charismatic namesake—the late Antonio "Sunny" Balzano, with his curly grey hair and mischievous smile—fewer know the petite blonde woman sitting at the bar most nights, with piercing blue eyes and a knowing gaze. That would be Tone Balzano Johansen—pronounced "Tuna, like the fish," she says—a Norwegian artist and Sunny's widow, who has been the one presence standing in the way of this beloved slice of Brooklyn history being bought out and redeveloped.
Before his death last March, Sunny was the heart and soul of the bar, the whisky-drinking, cigarette-smoking charming adventurer with stories to tell; but it was Johansen, his wife of 20 years and mother to their daughter, Oda, who diligently ran the business behind the scenes—and it largely fell on her shoulders when, in 2012, a dozen or so Balzano heirs decided it was time to sell up.
This January, however, after a three-year long battle in the New York Supreme Court, Johansen signed a contract to buy the property back from the family, securing its future. The caveat? She has six months to raise $2.6 million.
Despite that intimidatingly large figure, Johansen is more than optimistic—she is fiercely determined. "I've had to fight through every obstacle, a million hard and testing decisions, and you can't believe you're going to spend that kind of crazy money, but it needs to be done," she says in her singsong Norwegian accent. We are sitting in a corner booth of the bar, which is quiet and empty by day, yet humming with the musical and imbibing ghosts that unfold come nightfall. "I feel this is the challenge of my life. You come to the point where you don't have a choice; I'm going to fight this until the bitter end."
In many ways, she says, this is a test she has been preparing for her whole life.
Johansen's grew up on a remote island to a Pentecostal family, baking their own bread and going to church every day. Frivolities like dancing and make up and most contact with the outside world were forbidden. They did, however, have music, and her family would gather with the community to sing and play, which she likens to the bluegrass jams at Sunny's. "I can sing the harmony on anything," she says. "It's nice when you can make a good connection with your past, because it was very difficult."
She began to question her religion at 13 years old, when she prayed to speak in tongues, and her prayers remained unanswered. At 16 she escaped by going to a religious high school in the nearest town of Trondheim—the same age she saw her first movie—and soon after she rebelled, gratefully joining a "group of misfits" to become a punk.
Her art career was almost accidental. A friend had a spare application for art school, and even though she'd never painted before she decided to apply. "I painted like a madwoman," she says. "If nothing else I'm going to show them that I have willpower and I'm not afraid," she recounted of her preparation for the interview. "If action needs to be taken, I take action," she says, laughing, a piece of the puzzle of her life falling into place. "That's where I am right now, too. That's why this place is still here."
Johansen arrived in New York at 30 years old on an arts grant for PS1, and immediately felt at home. "People say diversity, but they don't now what it's about until they've lived in New York," she says. "It made total sense to me, especially once I moved to Red Hook and met Sunny and we just…" She makes a motion as if to say the rest is history. With almost a 30-year age gap, that history wasn't all plain sailing. In one breath Johansen says how they connected in so many ways and how they fought constantly at first. "He was a black sheep, too," she explains, adding: "We really did have a beautiful time together, although not traditional."
Under Tone's influence the bar—which had been in Sunny's family for four generations—transformed from a speakeasy with customer chits for drinks to a legally-run business with a shiny new sign and a liquor license. The back room once used by the mob became an art gallery and a stage for the weekly jam. Some regulars were disgruntled by the changes, but it brought in new custom.
When Sandy hit in 2012, it tore through the bar and Johansen barely escaped from the basement in time. The next ten months were spent on stop and start renovations, with Sunny and Tone camped out in the basement without electricity.
That was when a contingent of the 18 heirs began pushing to sell—all except two Balzano sisters and a brother who supported Sunny and Tone's bid to keep the bar, and also lived in an apartment upstairs. But the case couldn't be settled without complete agreement. Cue a five-year bitter estate battle, during which time Tone's father passed away, followed by Sunny at the age of 81. The struggle has brought Johansen to the brink many times. "It broke me," she says, her voice searingly honest and defiant. "At one point I could only listen to birdsong … I know how people go crazy now."
I ask why she didn't give up, like so many would have, to the inevitable march of gentrification? "I could have got a job somewhere else," she says. "But the creative energy of New York, who is protecting that? Who is taking care of that? I feel like that is my job here."
During our interview, deliveries and workmen need dealing with; friends pass through; and somebody is upstairs valuing the building ahead of Tone's meeting with the bank. She hopes to borrow most of the $2.6million needed to secure the deed and fundraise for the rest. She is also looking for someone to organize a crowdfunding campaign.
Before I leave, Johansen offers to play a song on her guitar. She cuts a lone figure on the empty stage singing a melodic Norwegian folksong whose words I can't understand but its sentiment is melancholic. She tells me the guitar is the same one she had throughout her childhood, and she recalls when she was a little girl on that remote Norwegian island, holding it tight to her chest as if in an embrace. "This guitar got me through a lot of hard moments," she says, her arms wrapped again around its middle.
Photos by Julie Goldstone Koch
Sunny Balzano
Sunny's
Tone Balzano
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fastpokemap March 6, 2017 at 12:37 am
This is a very interesting It is a great article. You will surely like this also because it is a great stuff, yeah it's give us lots of interest and pleasure. Their opportunities are so fantastic and working style so speedy.
Sunny's Fan March 6, 2017 at 8:44 am
Is there a GoFundMe or something?
The Weekly Sixer: March 10 | Blog : Brooklyn Brewery March 10, 2017 at 11:57 am
[…] One Woman Keeps Sunny's Alive: To close this week's round up, we raise our glasses to Sunny's proprietor Tune Balzano Johansen. She has single-handedly kept the landmark bar open since her husband's death last March, building on twenty years as de facto business manager. After a very public court battle between several Balzano family heirs and Brooklyn developers, Johansen retained control of the bar but must raise $2.6 million in the next six months. Read up, and grab a ferry timetable. We're all needed in Red Hook. […]


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Partnership to Protect Maine Coastal Forests Launches
The Conservation Fund's purchase of 17,881 acres provides time for implementation of permanent conservation strategies that support recreational access and local economies
BANGOR, Maine—A collaborative effort between The Conservation Fund, The Nature Conservancy, Maine Coast Heritage Trust, New England Forestry Foundation, Blue Hill Heritage Trust and Downeast Salmon Federation will provide opportunities to conserve more than 17,000 acres of forestland to protect wildlife habitat, ensure future recreational access and support the economies of nearby coastal communities.
The Maine Coastal Forest Partnership celebrated a major milestone with The Conservation Fund's purchase of 17,881 acres in Hancock and Washington Counties on May 1. The Fund's acquisition provides the time and opportunity to secure funding to permanently conserve large, ecologically important forestland.
"Working forests, coastal landscapes, and aquatic habitats define Maine's environment, communities, economy and way of life," said Tom Duffus, Vice President and Northeast Representative for The Conservation Fund. "Through the Maine Coastal Forest Partnership we are ensuring that forestland of community- and state-wide importance will always remain as forests, and by working together we can implement permanent conservation solutions that meet the needs of people, protect wildlife habitat and provide economic benefits."
Composed of three distinct properties, the lands will ultimately be conveyed to local conservation partners for perpetual protection and management. The partners now turn their collective attention to raising the funds to complete their acquisitions.
· The 13,799-acre Spring River-Narraguagus Forest property in Hancock County will be acquired by The Nature Conservancy.
· The 2,070-acre Venture Brook Forest property in Washington County will be acquired by the New England Forestry Foundation.
· The 2,012-acre Meadowbrook Forest property in Hancock County will be acquired by Blue Hill Heritage Trust.
The Conservation Fund acquired the lands from H.C. Haynes, Inc., through its Working Forest Fund® program, which enables the protection of large working forests across the country from conversion and fragmentation. During its temporary ownership, The Conservation Fund will work with each organization to sustainably manage the forestland for the improvement and protection of both forest and aquatic resources, while maintaining current leases and public recreational uses. The Conservation Fund will continue to pay property taxes.
About the land
Spring River-Narraguagus Forest
Spanning 13,799 acres, the Spring River-Narraguagus Forest property in Hancock County is adjacent to The Nature Conservancy's 9,700-acre Spring River Preserve. Conservation of the Spring River-Narraguagus Forest will help maintain a forested connection between the Downeast coast and Maine's north woods, helping protect habitat for wide-ranging wildlife and allow for species to move in response to a changing climate. The property includes 3.75 miles of lakeshore on Narraguagus Lake, one of the significant headwaters of the West Branch of the Narraguagus River, as well as two miles of frontage on the north side of Spring River, seven miles of frontage on the West Branch, and 46 miles of interior tributary streams. This land is important as a buffer for high value aquatic habitat that supports native brook trout and salmon fisheries - and provides public access for fishing and canoeing.
"The forests, wetlands, and rivers of the Spring River–Narraguagus Forest property provide important wildlife habitats," said Mark Berry, Forest Program Director of The Nature Conservancy in Maine. "This is a great addition to one of Downeast Maine's most outstanding outdoor recreation destinations. Our work isn't done. We look forward to working with The Conservation Fund and Maine Coast Heritage Trust to secure the necessary funding to permanently conserve the property for future generations."
"Maine Coast Heritage Trust is focused on the conservation of the Narraguagus River because of its importance to costal fisheries and the people and wildlife that depend on these fisheries," said Betsy Ham, Director of Land Protection for the Maine Coast Heritage Trust. "This project, which, if successful, will conserve 12 miles of river and lake frontage flowing directly into the Narraguagus is extremely important to the health of the entire river and we are pleased to be supporting The Nature Conservancy in this effort."
Venture Brook Forest
Located in Washington County, the 2,070-acre Venture Brook Forest property will be acquired by New England Forestry Foundation (NEFF). The property protects water quality and habitat for brook trout and Atlantic salmon, and supports vital white-tail deer wintering habitat. This property will be managed as a working forest, which will help maintain forest jobs and provide fiber for local mills.
"We're excited to work with The Conservation Fund and other partners to collectively protect this critically important forestland, and to show the many benefits well-managed working forests can provide," said Bob Perschel, Executive Director of New England Forestry Foundation. "Venture Brook will give us the opportunity to implement our strategic approach to sustainable forestry in a new landscape, with a particular focus on protecting wildlife habitat, producing sustainable wood products, and offering recreational opportunities."
NEFF will work with the local community to manage the land for both recreational and environmental benefits, while continuing sustainable working forest practices that prioritize the long-term health of forests. The property will be kept open for recreational uses including hunting, fishing, trapping and snowmobiling on the existing trail through the property.
"Venture Brook has been enjoyed by many sportsman spanning several decades," said Bill Robinson, resident of Edmunds Township. "Outdoor enthusiasts have fished, hunted, trapped and snowmobiled on this property. Learning about The Conservation Fund's purchase and NEFF's future stewardship of this property and allowing outdoors men and women to enjoy this property is welcome news to all who are familiar and may be new to this land."
Meadowbrook Forest
The 2,012-acre Meadowbrook Forest property in Hancock County offers more than nine miles of roads through the woods, providing ideal recreational access for bikers and stroller walkers. Blue Hill Heritage Trust (BHHT) will acquire the land, a vital link in a documented north-south wildlife corridor, once funding from the National Coast Wetlands Conservation Grant Program, administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, becomes available.
"No matter what your specific interest in conservation is—whether it's recreation, hunting, wildlife or habitat protection—this property will be tremendously important," said Hans M. Carlson, Executive Director of BHHT. "It represents a kind of big-block protection that just does not happen on the Maine coast much these days. We are very excited, and very grateful to TCF for helping all of us to succeed."
The Trust plans to manage the Meadowbrook Forest as a demonstration forest, providing educational opportunities for local landowners interested in forest management practices, as well as public access for hunting and other traditional uses.
At The Conservation Fund, we make conservation work for America. By creating solutions that make environmental and economic sense, we are redefining conservation to demonstrate its essential role in our future prosperity. Top-ranked for efficiency and effectiveness, we have worked in all 50 states since 1985 to protect nearly 8 million acres of land, including over 440,000 acres in Maine.
About The Nature Conservancy
Since the chapter's founding in 1956, The Nature Conservancy has helped to protect over 1.7 million acres in Maine. Our forest program seeks to conserve forests that are essential to Maine's economy and quality of life and globally significant ecologically and for carbon sequestration in a changing climate. Learn more at www.nature.org/maine. For more information about the Spring River-Narraguagus Forest contact Mark Berry, 207-607-4856, mark.berry@tnc.org.
Maine Coast Heritage Trust is a statewide land conservation organization committed to protecting the character of Maine. Since 1970, Maine Coast Heritage Trust has helped conserve more than 150,000 acres in Maine, from the Isles of Shoals to Cobscook Bay, including more than 300 entire coastal islands. For more information, visit www.mcht.org.
About New England Forestry Foundation
Founded in 1944, New England Forestry Foundation pursues innovative programs to advance conservation and sustainable forestry throughout New England. In partnership with land owners, we have conserved more than 1.1 million acres of forest, including one out of every three acres of forestland protected in New England since 1999. We also own and manage more than 140 community forests across the region. Learn more at www.newenglandforestry.org. For more information about the Venture Brook Forest contact Will Brune, 207-751-5299, wbrune@newenglandforestry.org.
About Blue Hill Heritage Trust (BHHT)
BHHT is a nationally accredited nonprofit, membership-based land conservation organization founded in 1985 by residents of the Blue Hill Peninsula in coastal Maine. We work to conserve the unique landscape of our peninsula: pristine shores, blueberry-covered hills, working farms, wetlands, forests, ponds, and breathtaking views. To date, Blue Hill Heritage Trust has protected over 9600 acres of land that will be forever protected for its recreational, scenic beauty, and historical importance. For more information about the Meadowbrook Forest contact Hans M. Carlson, 207-374-5118, hans@bluehillheritagetrust.org.
Photo by Mark Berry, The Nature Conservancy


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BATTLE OF GALICIA IN WORLD WAR I
The Battle of Galicia was a major conflict in World War I between Austria-Hungary and Russia. It occurred along the Eastern Front, which was a line of fighting that took place along the eastern border of Austria Hungary and the western border of Russia. This was an important front and saw several significant battles.
From the outset of World War I, conflict between Austria-Hungary and Russia was guaranteed. This was due to several factors, but mostly because of the relationship between Russia and Serbia. For example, after Austria-Hungary threatened Serbia with an ultimatum, Russia was the European nation that came to Serbia's defense. As a result, several significant battles took place between the two nations, including the Battle of Galicia.
Austro-Hungarian trenches at the Battle of Galicia in World War I.
The Battle of Galicia, which is also known as the Battle of Lemberg, took place during the early weeks and months of World War I, from August 23rd until September 11th, 1914. Historians consider the Battle of Galicia to be one of the most significant battles of World War I along the Eastern Front. During the battle, the Austro-Hungarian First, Second and Fourth Armies faced off against the Russian Third, Fourth and Eighth Armies. During the overall Battle of Galicia, these armies assaulted and defended against one another in a series of smaller conflicts, which included: Battle of Kraśnik, Battle of Komarów, Battle of Gnila Lipa, and the Battle of Rawa. In all, the Battle of Galicia was a failure for the Austro-Hungarians and was an important Russian victory on the Eastern Front. For example, in the Battle of Rawa, which took place from September 3rd to the 11th in 1914, the Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern Front were forced into a retreat and pushed back. Meanwhile, Russia was able to advance its forces forward and captured significant amounts of territory around the city of Lemberg. The Battle of Galicia also saw heavy losses for both sides. For instance, historians estimate that Austria-Hungary suffered as many as 450,000 casualties in the Battle of Galicia. This includes as many as 100,000 deaths for Austria-Hungary as well. For their part, it is estimated that Russia suffered upwards of 300,000 casualties in the battle.
'Battle of Galicia in World War I'
https://www.historycrunch.com/battle-of-galicia-in-world-war-i.html#/
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