text:
T3DB
Browse Toxins
Text Query
LC-MS Search
LC-MS/MS Search
GC-MS Search
About T3DB
You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Toxin, Toxin Target Database.
Chlorobenzene (T3D0104)
IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (38)XML
Record Information
T3D0104
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Rhodococcus phenolicus is a bacterium species able to degrade chlorobenzene as sole carbon sources. Chlorobenzene exhibits low to moderate toxicity as indicated by its LD50 of 2.9 g/kg. Chronic (long-term) exposure of humans to chlorobenzene affects the central nervous system (CNS). Signs of neurotoxicity in humans include numbness, cyanosis, hyperesthesia (increased sensation), and muscle spasms.
Compound Type
Household Toxin
Industrial Precursor/Intermediate
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Organochloride
Synthetic Compound
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Structure for T3D0104: Chlorobenzene
6-Chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol
6-Chlorohydroxyquinol
Abluton T30
Benzene chloride
Chlorbenzene
Chlorbenzol
Chloro-Benzene
Chlorobenzen
Chlorobenzol
Clorobenzene
Mono-Chlorobenzene
Monochlorbenzene
Monochlorbenzol
Monochlorobenzene
Monoclorobenzene
PhCl
Phenyl Chloride
Tetrosin SP
C6H5Cl
Average Molecular Mass
112.557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
Traditional Name
ClC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H5Cl/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H
InChIKey=MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as chlorobenzenes. Chlorobenzenes are compounds containing one or more chlorine atoms attached to a benzene moiety.
Benzenoids
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Halobenzenes
Direct Parent
Chlorobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Aryl chlorides
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Aryl halide
Aryl chloride
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organohalogen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
monochlorobenzenes (CHEBI:28097 )
an aromatic compound (CHLOROBENZENE )
Biological Properties
Detected and Not Quantified
Cellular Locations
Biofluid Locations
Tissue Locations
Biological Roles
Chemical Roles
Colorless liquid.
Experimental Properties
Melting Point -45.2°C
Boiling Point 132°C (269.6°F)
Solubility 0.498 mg/mL at 25°C
LogP 2.84
Predicted Properties
Water Solubility 0.6 g/L ALOGPS
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 0 Ų ChemAxon
Refractivity 30.86 m³·mol⁻¹ ChemAxon
Polarizability 11.06 ų ChemAxon
Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon
Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon
Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule Yes ChemAxon
Spectrum Type
Splash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) splash10-03fr-9700000000-82e784dca91e262a7e4d View in MoNA
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) splash10-03di-5900000000-0c50f1cf42286eb0397e View in MoNA
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) splash10-03di-9500000000-12a9a9ae9833f5dbfa91 View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive splash10-03di-7900000000-f0cb54b4cd19ffd26fcf View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive splash10-03di-0900000000-6dead520c947adb06d09 View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive splash10-03di-5900000000-f0f0380b80e7b8052a43 View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative splash10-03di-0900000000-b1fbfe73227c7467ed98 View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative splash10-03di-3900000000-3e50515b74111df2adf3 View in MoNA
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) splash10-03di-6900000000-2d1780378a9603646722 View in MoNA
1D NMR
1H NMR Spectrum Not Available View in JSpectraViewer
13C NMR Spectrum Not Available View in JSpectraViewer
Toxicity Profile
Route of Exposure
Oral (10) ; inhalation (10)
Mechanism of Toxicity
The reactive metabolites of chlorobenzene are believed to bind both liver and kidney proteins, causing direct damage. Chlorobenzene also activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, inducing the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by lung epithelial cells, causing an inflammatory reponse. (8, 1)
Chlorobenzene is known to be absorbed via ingestion and inhahation. As it is a lipophilic compound, chlorobenzene distributes preferentially to adipose tissue. It is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes into its major metabolite 4-chlorocatechol. Unchanged chlorobenzene is exhalted and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. (10)
Toxicity Values
LD50: 515 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (7) LD50: 2290 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (7) LD50: 1110 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (7)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/Sources
Chlorobenzene is used as a solvent for some pesticide formulations, to degrease automobile parts, and as a chemical intermediate to make several other chemicals. (10)
Minimum Risk Level
Intermediate Oral: 0.4 mg/kg/day (9)
Effects on the central nervous system from breathing chlorobenzene may include unconsciousness and death. Chronic exposure can cause liver and kidney damage. (10)
Symptoms of chlorobenzene exposure include headaches, nausea, sleepiness, numbness, and vomiting. Effects on the central nervous system from breathing chlorobenzene include unconsciousness, tremors, restlessness, and death. (10)
Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. (8)
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
HMDB ID
HMDB41855
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL16200
KEGG ID
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID
BioCyc ID
CPD-1125
CTD ID
Stitch ID
PDB ID
ACToR ID
Synthesis Reference
Roder-Stolinski C, Fischader G, Oostingh GJ, Eder K, Duschl A, Lehmann I: Chlorobenzene induces the NF-kappa B and p38 MAP kinase pathways in lung epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol. 2008 Jul;20(9):813-20. doi: 10.1080/08958370802020810 . [18645721 ]
Dutkiewicz T, Pacholuk B: [Evaluation of chlorobenzene exposure on the basis of determination of 4-chlorocatechol in urine]. Med Pr. 1980;31(4):289-95. [7442536 ]
Cesarone CF, Bolognesi C, Santi L: [Influence of structure and physico-chemical properties of chemical agents in the induction of DNA alterations: nitrochlorobenzenes]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1980 Aug 30;56(16):1680-6. [7459089 ]
Santilio A, Ziemacki G, Stefanelli P, Dommarco R: Evaluation of nitrobenzenes and chlorobenzenes levels in samples of sediments from Italy: a rapid and simple method by automatic extractor and GC/MS ion trap. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2008 Apr;43(5):437-42. doi: 10.1080/10934520701796150. [18324529 ]
MORROW PE, MERCER TT: HYGIENIC GUIDE SERIES. CHLOROBENZENE (MONOCHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROBENZOL, PHENYL CHLORIDE). Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1964 Jan-Feb;25:97-9. [14110685 ]
ROSENBAUM ND, BLEKH RS, et al.: [The use of chlorobenzene as a solvent from the point of view of industrial hygiene]. Gig Sanit. 1947;12(1):21-4. [18863227 ]
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2002). RTECS: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
Rumack BH (2009). POISINDEX(R) Information System. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc. CCIS Volume 141, edition expires Aug, 2009.
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1990). Toxicological profile for chlorobenzene. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
Up-Regulated Genes
Down-Regulated Genes
1. Estrogen receptor
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
ESR1
66215.45 Da
Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [16531984 ]
Luft S, Milki E, Glustrom E, Ampiah-Bonney R, O'Hara P. Binding of Organochloride and Pyrethroid Pesticides To Estrogen Receptors α and β: A Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Biophysical Journal 2009;96(3):444a.
2. Estrogen receptor beta
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner (PubMed:20074560). Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA-binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual.
59215.765 Da
3. Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
Signal transducer activity
This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
ATP2C1
100576.42 Da
Casarett LJ, Klaassen CD, and Watkins JB (2003). Casarett and Doull's essentials of toxicology. New York: McGraw-Hill/Medical Pub. Div.
Metal ion binding
This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium.
103186.475 Da
5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
GABRA1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Transporter activity
10. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
Ligand-gated ion channel activity
GABRB1
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gaba-gated chloride ion channel activity
14. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
Gaba-a receptor activity
GABRD
15. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon
GABRE
16. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
GABRG1
Q8N1C3
19. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone.
GABRP
20. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
GABRR1
A8MPY1
54271.1 Da
23. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
GABRQ
Q9UN88
24. Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1
Pdz domain binding
This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell.
ATP2B1
Protein c-terminus binding
Scaffold protein binding
Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (PubMed:8530416). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility (By similarity).
28. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1
Protein homodimerization activity
Key regulator of striated muscle performance by acting as the major Ca(2+) ATPase responsible for the reuptake of cytosolic Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction.
S100 protein binding
This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Isoform 2 is involved in the regulation of the contraction/relaxation cycle.
This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium. Transports calcium ions from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction.
31. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
Steroid hormone binding
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Plays a role in sperm motility.
35. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane.Involved in cell adhesion and establishing epithelial cell polarity.
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-2 subunit is not known.Mediates cell adhesion of neurons and astrocytes, and promotes neurite outgrowth.
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-3 subunit is not known.
38. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
May be involved in forming the receptor site for cardiac glycoside binding or may modulate the transport function of the sodium ATPase.
FXYD2
7283.265 Da
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, and Genome British Columbia, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $900 million in funding from the federal government.
T3DB Version 2.0 — Contact Us


One of the largest mosques in the country got approval Wednesday to build a satellite facility in western Prince William County, despite residents' concerns about traffic.
The Prince William County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously early Wednesday to approve construction of a mosque in Nokesville, Virginia, by the All Dulles Area Muslims Society.
The ADAMS Center operates a well-known mosque in Sterling, Virginia. The Nokesville facility, first proposed in 2014, will be more than 22,000 square feet and accommodate 500 people in its prayer hall.
The site about 40 miles from D.C. will be at Vint Hill Road and Schaeffer Lane, near Cedar Point Elementary School.
A group of residents in Nokesville, Virginia, are asking Prince William County commissioners to block the proposed construction of a mosque. News4's David Culver reports the group says the mosque would cause traffic and congestion.
The approval came after an eight-hour public meeting in which Nokesville-area residents expressed opposition, citing the county plan that emphasizes preserving the rural nature of the county's western crescent.
The supervisors also will allow the mosque to connect to the county sewer system.


"The golden, starry wonders of the dark universe unfurled before the brave interstellar vessel Argus like a black flag of victory with a whole bunch of holes in it as the mysterious mission buoyantly commenced that would one day resolve critical questions about space, time and the appropriate ratio of nuts to chips in a perfect chocolate chip cookie."
That effort by Robert Friedman of Skillman, New Jersey, is the opening sentence of the year's worst would-be science fiction novel, according to the judges of the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest.
Every year since 1982, the English Department of San Jose State University has sponsored the contest, a literary battle royal that challenges aspiring hacks to compose the opening sentence of the worst novels imaginable.
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the contest's namesake, was a noted author and politician who coined famous phrases such as "the great unwashed," "pursuit of the almighty dollar" and "the pen is mightier than the sword." But he also opened his novel* Paul Clifford* with the infamous clunker, "It was a dark and stormy night."
"A quest is not to be undertaken lightly – or at all! – pondered Hlothgar, Thrag of the Western Boglands, son of Glothar, nephew of Garthol, known far and wide as Skull Dunker, as he wielded his chesty stallion Hralgoth through the ever-darkening Thlargwood, beyond which, if he survived its horrors and if Hroglath the royal spittle reader spoke true, his destiny awaited – all this though his years numbered but 14."
In addition to sci-fi and fantasy, Bulwer-Lytton awards successful bottom feeders in genres including westerns, detective stories, romance, puns and purple prose.
For more information on next year's bad writing fest, check out the contest rules.


Located on the edge of Ashford, The Forge provides great amenities on your doorstep yet being within close reach to the heart of the countryside. Set back the road and with access to a beautiful cottage garden, many quaint features of the property have been maintained in its restoration. This property is not recommended for children under 5 years of age due to the steep staircase.
Entering into the lounge, exposed brick and beam give a warm atmosphere and includes a feature fireplace, sofa and TV. The kitchen is well equipped and provides an electric oven and hob, microwave and seating. Adjoining the kitchen is a light conservatory with extra seating and a utility room leading off – with WC and washing machine. Upstairs are both bedrooms and a shower room; the master includes a king size bed as well as a dresser and built in wardrobe. the second bedroom has a single bed, also with a built in wardrobe. The shower room includes a shower (watch the head-room if you are a little tall!), WC and basin.
This property is on the Canterbury side of Ashford just minutes from open countryside. You can be on the M20 Motorway within 5 minutes or half way to Canterbury in 10 minutes. The Designer Outlet in Ashford is a must for those who enjoy a good shop. All of Kent is easily accessed from this central location. Eurostar to Paris or London from Ashford International Station or Eurotunnel to France are just 10 minutes away.


Nothing gets the creative juices flowing quite like redesigning a popular, well-known site. Reimagining how a site, app or brand identity would look can help to show the product in a different light, and can help get you thinking about why certain design decisions are made. While unsolicited redesigns can sometimes bring controversy, they can help to show how a design can be made more user-friendly, intuitive and useful.
Of course, it's hugely important to mention that there are many, many reasons why a design ends up looking the way it does. A site that may appear to be awkward to use may look like that because the company has other requirements other than usability. Perhaps they need to display adverts in order to keep up their service, or need to encourage user sign-ups – and promoting that may be more important to them than quicker access to content. In either case, unsolicited redesigns need to be sympathetic to the idea that the current design looks the way it does because of a lot of different factors.
Andy Rutledge recently courted quite a lot of controversy over his unsolicited redesign of The New York Times site. He may have been somewhat brash with his statement that "news was broken", but his redesign does show an interesting, user-friendly take on what the New York Times could look like if it was to focus heavily on usability.
One of the most famous unsolicited redesigns is that of the American Airlines site by Dustin Curtis. Fed up with the hard-to-use site, Dustin offered a much cleaner and simpler site. I especially love the "wouldn't Fiji be an awesome change?" box, which is suitable for people who just want some inspiration as to where to go.
This unsolicited concept by Vladimir Kudinov for what the IMDB could look like is a huge change from the current site. It's hard to say whether it's more usable or not, but it's certainly a striking change – key pieces of information stand out visually in a tiled display, similar to the new Windows phone interface, and more detail can be drilled down to.
This unsolicited redesign of Facebook by Jonathan Moreira is extremely elegant, clean & clear and helps to differentiate different pieces of content beautifully. For example, the birthdays on the top-right of the page really stand out, the search bar is given more prominence and a greater use of white-space helps to separate out the news feed in a clear, comfortable way to help give the content more room to breathe.
Craig Reville's re-imagining of the Google homepage and search results pages offers a cleaner, more minimalist take on the current search engine. While not everyone may agree with the redesign (I'm personally not a fan of the font color being the same for everything in the search listing), it does offer a nice, uncluttered interface which could potentially be more usable.
Now is probably a good time to also mention the impressive live redesign of Google's homepage by Frenchlabs. Try hovering over the logo to switch to other search engines, like Wikipedia and Amazon.
It's not just websites that attract unsolicited redesigns – Tim Van Damme's interpretation of the Instapaper iPad app is particularly impressive, with more space separating the content out, and having the content fed into a two-column layout so that it appears more similar to a newspaper article. It's important to mention that, while this design looks fantastic, it may not be technically feasible to determine how to split that content into two columns automatically (amongst other things).
Ultimately, unsolicited redesigns shouldn't necessarily be seen as criticism for the original design – don't forget that there are countless (non-usability) reasons that a design may look the way it does – but there's nothing stopping designers from sharpening skills and being creative by redesigning and reimagining famous sites, apps, logos & icons.


So you are all set to start on your first BPM project implementation. You have done your homework, that is to say a Business Value Add analysis and have selected a "core" business process that is crying for more visibility and automation as your first implementation. But is that enough? Like the proverbial fat lady that hasn't yet sung, while process selection is important, the key to success in a new BPM initiative lies in understanding the organizational challenges involved in successful delivery of the expected business value.
Business has ownership at every step of the solution building process. Traditionally solution development involves business providing requirements which are thrown over a wall for IT to come up with an implementation. In a BPM implementation the business should be engaged and have ownership of every phase of the development process; from describing the business process in a common modeling language to the constant review and playback of progressive IT implementations of the various parts of the process.
This calls for a new role for business in IT development, something they would not have done earlier and may not be comfortable with. It also does not mean that the role of IT is in any way diminished. It does however reinforce the need for constant communication between these two important stakeholders of a solution at all points in its genesis.
Identify all the stakeholders early on in the process and get them involved as much as possible including in playbacks of the to date process implementation and make any adjustments as necessary. It is crucial that all stakeholders are represented, engaged and understand, ensuring every decision contributes towards the successful implementation and delivery of the system in your first BPM project.
For an organization used to its ways, any behavioral change needs a strong push from the top. A BPM implementation is typically cross functional and crosses business unit and application boundaries. Thus it is vital to identify the executive management that gets it and can push through the need to understand and derive maximum benefit from a new concept for an organization used to its traditional ways of solution delivery.
At the end of the day a business process is about continuous improvement and is implemented with the philosophy that "80% of a solution delivered today is better than 100% of a solution never delivered".
This continuous improvement mindset with a clear focus on the strategic goal as set by and constantly communicated and reinforced within the organization is ultimately the environment in which business process management delivery thrives. We hope you found these tips for your first BPM project helpful.


text:
Asaad Arabi
15 Nov 2017 — 6 Jan 2018 at the Ayyam Gallery in Beirut, Lebanon
Asaad Arabi. Courtesy of Ayyam Gallery
Ayyam Gallery Beirut is pleased to announce A Collective Memory: 2007 to 2017, a solo exhibition by painter, theorist, and critic Asaad Arabi.
A Collective Memory: 2007 to 2017 highlights Arabi's seminal works from 2007-2017, including both figurative and abstract works, as well as a selection of his newest paintings.
Throughout his six-decade artistic career, Asaad Arabi has continuously attempted to reach an intuitive equilibrium between what is remembered and what is taken as its symbolic significance as a result of being forgotten. Each artwork moves between two points of attraction, expressionism – with all its sufferings, and abstraction. For both, the artist finds significance of lines and intense colour as they fall into what he describes as a musical rhythm, as he finds that shapes are created as a result of an audio-visual binary that is in perfect harmony with the duality of remembering and forgetting.
Remembering allows the artist to portray the realism of what he is painting, while the process of forgetting – and tapping into his subconscious, childhood memories, dreams, and hallucinations – paves the way into introducing minimalism and abstraction in his works.
In his paintings of the Old City of Damascus and of Sidon – two cities engrossed in magic and legends – Arabi works directly from his memory. Forgetting the 'direct description' of these places, the artist uses a two dimensional method of processing the topography of the old alleys like done in miniatures from Arabic manuscripts.
Between 2010 and 2011, Arabi listened to Oum Kalthoum every day while drawing and painting in an immersive ritual, which then compelled him to study every aspect of her performance and the musicians who played with her. While Nostalgia paid homage to a legend and the intense emotional response she inspired, Oum Kalthoum elevates Arabi's studies to a major survey of this iconic cultural figure. The artist approaches this icon with colourist expressionism and rhythmic lines that seem to sway with the imagined sounds of her powerful voice. Portrayed in mid performance, Oum Kalthoum is backed by a small orchestra, as Arabi toys with positive and negative space with various tones and forms.
In some instances a chair appears where a musician seems to be missing, in other compositions this inanimate object is shown upside down. These off-kilter representations suggest a break in the mood of the painting while pointing to a profound use of symbolism in which the psychological spaces of these historical moments are punctured by unseen forces. With each dramatic gesture of the Egyptian singer, the painter suggests the equally climatic response of her audience. Although implied as a body that lies beyond the picture plane, her fans have a tangible presence. Arabi extracts the emotive buoyancy of her voice through the visual as he searches for the lost hours of a bygone era through nostalgia-ridden compositions.
In these works, Arabi immortalises Oum Kalthoum as a symbol of the Arab renaissance, an era characterised by religious and social tolerance, while simultaneously shedding light on what he believes to be a current cultural decline and a rise in fundamentalism.
Also highlighted in the exhibition are Arabi's paintings of the nude form. Arabi questions an artist's stance, and whether that stance can be neutral. Without ideologising his work, Arabi points out that a painting represents the consciousness of the artist and therefore should never be a false testimony of his beliefs.
In his abstract works, Arabi preserves a vibrant palette, harmonious compositions, and multi-angle method of execution. He draws inspiration from the urban and musical components of cities that impacted his formative years—Sidon in south Lebanon and his native Damascus. Paris, his base since 1975, is another endless source of inspiration for the artist, through its rich architectural and musical heritage. The subject matters peek through the titles of Arabi's works, which he creates after completing each painting with the aim to intimate a graspable narrative for the viewer.
Widely respected as an early innovator of contemporary painting in the Arab world and a prominent art theorist and critic, Asaad Arabi has continuously reinvented his painting style in an attempt to depict the rhythms, sensuality, and concealed narratives of urban environments, particularly in his native Syria. Arabi's fascination with cities and the spaces that define them has included an extensive investigation of how inhabitants influence the formation of culture in such settings—a focus that has led to colourist approaches and abstracted forms in addition to early experiments with modernist figuration.
Arabi's decades-long career dates back to the 1960s, when he trained with Guido La Regina, an Italian painter that encouraged a new school of abstraction among students at the University of Damascus. Emerging from this aesthetic shift, Arabi's insistence on formal experimentation quickly secured his status as a leading painter in Syria. The artist's later usage of geometric abstraction reverberated throughout the region as a renewed interest in Islamic art and aesthetics took hold in the 1980s. In recent years, Arabi has alternated between pure abstractions that are reliant on tonal variations as affective details to expressionist depictions in which figures appear to merge with their environments.
Born in 1941, Asaad Arabi graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Damascus before moving to Paris, France in 1975, where he received a diploma in painting from the Higher Institute of Fine Arts, and subsequently earned a PhD in Aesthetics from the Sorbonne University. Arabi has exhibited in the Middle East and North Africa for more than sixty years and has been featured in solo and group shows throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States, most recently at Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (2017); Galerie Frederic Moisan, Paris, France (2017); Ayyam Gallery DIFC, Dubai (2015).
Arabi's works are housed in public and private collections such as Institut du Monde Arabe; the Barcelona Contemporary Museum of Art; the National Museum, New Delhi; the National Museum of Korea, Seoul; Los Angeles County Museum; and Barjeel Art Foundation, Sharjah.
Ayyam Gallery
Ayyam Gallery is a leading arts organisation that manages the careers of diverse established and emerging artists. Blue-chip art spaces in Beirut and Dubai, a series of collaborative projects in the United States, Europe, and Asia, and a multinational non-profit arts programme have furthered the gallery's mandate of expanding the parameters of international art.
Gallery profile
More from Ayyam Gallery
Fathallah Zamroud
6 Sep — 28 Oct 2017
9 Jun — 31 Aug 2017
Athier Mousawi
6 Apr — 27 May 2017
Oussama Diab: What Happened Here
10 Sep — 5 Oct 2015
More in Beirut, Lebanon
Permanent event at Sursock Museum
The Fouad Debbas Collection
More in Lebanon
Nicolas Sursock legacy
Permanent event at Sursock Museum in Beirut

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Moon is associated with the Great Mother and the Earth's tides. This set is wonderful for connecting with the energies of the Moon and the Moon Goddess.
Goddess Moon Candle & Pendant - The Moon Candle is a charming, scented pillar from the Goddess Candle Collection. Each is crafted in the U.S.A., scented with a captivating fragrance and adorned with a Goddess Pendant made of pewter. The intended use is for aiding in your Love Spells and Rituals. When your spell or ritual is complete, the lovely Pendant can adorn a sacred area or be worn. Each candle measures approximately 2 x 6 inches.
Pillar Candle Holder - Elegant glass candle holder for your taper and pillar candles, perfect for any decor and makes a sweet centerpiece. When the taper side is being used, there is ample space to decorate with berries, gemstones, etc. This is very convenient holder as well as economical, able to hold your 7/8 inch diameter taper or 3 inch diameter pillar. The holder measures 3 1/2 inches x 2 1/4 inches.
Votive, Ylang Ylang - Allow the Magick to Happen with an Ylang YlangVotive from the Reiki Charged Herbal Votive Candle Collection. Each Magick Votive has been designed with a specific intention, using a unique blend of oils. The votives are made from high quality wax, cotton wicks and oil blends here in New England, USA.
Glass Oyster Votive Holder - Elegant clear glass candle holder for your votive and tea light candles. Stylish to compliment any decor and occasion for colorful or white tea lights and votive candles. You will have a lovely, warm glow for home and hearth with this clear glass oyster candle holder. Each holder measures 2 x 2 inches.
Black and White Chime Candles - 4 inch ritual candles burn up to 2 hours. Candles measure 4 inches tall with a 1/2 inch diameter. Solid color throughout, not dipped over white. Color may vary from photo; pigments may change slightly with each new shipment of candles from Germany.Burn Candles in Flame Proof Holder; Trim wicks to 1/4 inch for safe, long burning. Do Not Leave Burning Candle Unattended.
7 Point Star Candle Holder - Also known as the Fairy Star, this is one of the most popular and economical candle holders for the chime candles. Made of silver tone metal for the 4 inch x 1/2 inch candles. It is slightly adjustable to obtain a snug fit.
Black Obsidian Tumbled Stone - Obsidian is a projective stone (projects energy). This is an excellent stone to aid in centering, balancing, and grounding.
White Calcite Tumbled Stone - This stone is also good for centering, but also can be used for protection and purification.
Frankincense Tears - 1 ounce of frankincense resin in a resealable bag. Frankincense is used for Lunar energy, Protection, Spirituality, Driving Out Negativity, Consecration, Purification, Meditation, Grounding & Focusing.
Brass Offering Bowl - This plain brass bowl is a wonderful addition to your sacred space and altar. Use for water, stones, herbs and more. Each bowl measures approximately 3 inches in diameter x 1 1/4 inch tall.
Quality India Incense of Moon Blend. 10 cones per pack. The aroma is a special blend created for bringing lunar moments to you. Enjoy and delight in Moon Magick and Lunar Rituals with Hem's 'The Moon' enchanting and intoxicating aroma!
Brass Tabletop Censer 2 inch - Brass Burner for incense cones and ez-burn incense powders. Stationary burner with three small legs measures approximately 2 1/4 inches tall. Remove top to insert self burning incense, incense cones or break off tiny piece of charcoal and light to burn your favorite herbs and resins. The top lifts off for easy cleaning and refilling.


Your new go-to sweater for all your high waisted jeans, skirts, and leggings! This chenille material is so super soft and stretchy that you'll never want to take it off. Scalloped hemline for some added femininity and a cropped length.
Length measures approximately: S=20" M=22" L=24"


text:
Perry County Times
Cheers! Lindgren brewery finds home in Duncannon
Lindgren Craft Brewery has bought the former PNC Bank on Market Street in downtown Duncannon and will soon begin renovations with an eye toward opening in late summer 2020. (Jim T. Ryan photo)
By Jim T. Ryan | Perry County Times
The owners of Lindgren Craft Brewery in Duncannon are spreading New Year cheer. Clifford and Michael Lindgren, the father-son team behind the startup brewery, announced last week they have found a forever home in Duncannon Borough.
The Lindgrens bought the former PNC Bank building at 5 N. Market St. in the borough, which they announced on Jan. 7 via their social media accounts. They're planning a pop-up party at the bank on Saturday, Jan. 11 from 4-8 p.m. to have people sample Lindgren beers and give tours of the space before the company begins interior construction work. The party will feature Halifax musician Patrick Cusick performing acoustic classic rock.
"We want to preserve the historical integrity of the building as much as possible," Michael Lindgren said.
They still have to meet with their market and construction consultants to look at the building to determine what's possible versus what the Lindgrens need to do for renovations. But they're aiming to have construction complete and open the brewery to the public in late summer.
"There's a lot more space on the inside than what it looks like from outside," Lindgren said.
Lindgren Craft Brewery got started in 2018 with the Lindgrens brewing batches on their family farm in Penn Twp. The municipal government gave them an approval in April of that year to start-up with the condition that no sales or events are conducted at the farm. The Lindgrens have been looking for a permanent location since last year and had their eyes on several possibilities, but a few fell through, they said. This fall, they settled on buying and renovating the former bank building in downtown Duncannon for their brewery and tasting room.
The borough council amended its zoning ordinances earlier last year to add a section on breweries that would allow the Lindgrens to locate in town.
"The community really wants it and is really excited," Lindgren said. "We've had people come to us and say, 'Thank you for not giving up on Duncannon.'"
Mary-Jane, Clifford and son Michael Lindgren (standing) toast their purchase of the former PNC Bank building on Market Street in Duncannon from inside the bank vault on Jan. 7. It will become Lindgren Craft Brewery's new location this year. (Submitted photo)
Once construction is complete, brewery operations will be housed at the Market Street location — the historic Duncannon National Bank — and will include a restaurant to serve unique food and beer pairings. Lindgren said they are considering bringing an experienced restauranteur on as a partner so they can focus on brewing. How they organize the interior is yet to be determined, he said, but they want patrons to be able to see the brew tanks and process.
"Brewers are rock stars, so we want them visible to our customers," he said. Jason Simmons, who cut his teeth with Appalachian Brewing Company among others, is Lindgren's head brewer.
The brewery and restaurant could hire between 10 and 15 people to start, with potential for employment to grow in coming years. The location mere feet off the Appalachian Trail is ideal for future growth, Lindgren said.
"There's a lot of research showing that businesses within a few miles of the trail do well and have a real economic impact for their communities," he said.
The Lindgrens sell their beer on tap at local bars and restaurants including Sorrento's in Duncannon, Cluggy's in New Bloomfield, and Mastracchio's in Newport. They also sell bottled beers at distributors including Newport Beverage, Beer-N-Soda Plus in Halifax, and Westy's Beer Distributor in Camp Hill.
The Lindgrens have a stand at the Pennsylvania Farm Show, and were conducting home-brew lessons, too. You can learn more about Lindgren Craft Brewery at their website lindgrenbrewery.com, and follow along with their brewing adventures on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Jim T. Ryan can be reached via e-mail at jtryan@perrycountytimes.com


Cvent India Pvt. Ltd. recruitment 2019-Apply online: Cvent India Pvt. Ltd. is inviting eligible candidates to apply online for the position of UI Developer . Candidates can find their eligibility from below details .Eligible and interested candidates can apply from the source may provided at the bottom of this article. This content to be used only for informational purpose and not responsible for the inaccuracy or deficiency of the provided information.
Salary: 4,00,000 – 9,00,000 P.A.
This entry was posted in Any Specialization and tagged UI Developers. Bookmark the permalink.


Tree services has been considered as one of the most important tasks in a home's maintenance and renovation service. The reason behind this much importance is because the trees are such an important source of beauty and has been a very necessary item for giving us fresh air that is why many people take extra care of the trees because after all they are a source of oxygen for us. The tree services Sydney has been a very difficult task for many people specially for the people who are associated with different kinds of work and does not get enough time to maintain their home's lawn or garden. As of today a lot of people are busy in so many things and works and due to this they do not get enough time to look after their lawn and garden and as a result their garden becomes untidy and dirty and requires a lot of cleaning and maintenance and most importantly a lot of renovation and lopping services. The trees are something that usually requires a lot of maintenance and support and if you do not pay that much attention then surely the trees inside your garden will start getting decayed and rotten.
Tree lopping has been a very important task for the trees because if you would not properly lop its branches and excessive roots then it is going to spread wider and as a result would grow more due to which it would take more space moreover it would cause a lot of insects and other kinds of bees and flies to develop and they could easily enter your home so you must be very attentive regarding the matter of your home's trees and plants. Because many times it has been observed that people does not give that much attention towards the growth of their plants and trees and as result they gets excessive growth and becomes extra-large. And therefore it becomes more of a hectic task for lopping that extra-large tree and it would take a lot of time to clean it off. Visit this link https://www.sydneytrees.com.au/turramurra/ for more info on tree lopping Turramurra.
With time to time lopping of your trees you would be saved from quite a lot of problems and the best thing about time to time lopping and proper maintenance of your garden it would look more elegant and beautiful than ever before.
While talking about the tree lopping services in Australia then we all know that there are many available but the question that comes in mind is that how to select the right one and the best one for the maintenance and lopping service of your garden or lawn. Well we have an easy solution for you and it would certainly resolve your problem. Currently www.sydneytrees.com.au are doing the best in the market and have certainly made a good name of their services in the field of tree cutting and lopping. So if you are looking for similar kind of services then make sure to give them a go.


The state of Indiana is increasing its efforts to help those effected by recent flooding.
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. (WLFI) -- The state of Indiana is increasing its efforts to help those affected by recent flooding.
State officials started their damage assessments yesterday.
The state also has new resources for homeowners affected by flooding. Homeowners can call (800) 415-1954 to be connected to "reputable and vetted" debris removal services.
Officials say help is free, but not guaranteed due to overwhelming demand.
The reports will help give them a complete picture of the damage.


It may seem that having horses running around your farm will make you happy. Nevertheless, this is not what horse owners feel. A lot of horse owners bathe their horses with love and attention, a whole lot that they wish other folks to see the fruits of their efforts. This is why there are lots of horse shows and competitions around the world. If you would like join these shows, you may have to move your horses but doing it on your own can be a bit difficult. This method requires great time and effort. This is when the miracles of Horse Transport Birmingham will enter in the picture.
Every horse owner should have a horse transport. People who have a great deal of horses can plan their very own transport system. On the other hand, there are horse transport services offered all throughout Birmingham. Whilst the horses are confined in the stables or the farm more often than not, it is still best to have a horse transport service in hand whenever the requirement of it arises.
Even if your horses will not join any competition, it would be better to have a transport system. If you don't have any, how will you bring your horse to its monthly check-ups? No matter if you show your horses or otherwise not, a horse transport will remain to be among the requirements in taking good care of a horse.
There are times when you will have to get out of your home. It may be simply because you will be transferring to another one or it can also be due to an unfortunate event like flood or any other natural causes. With a reliable horse transport service, you can actually protect your horses from all these acts of nature.
At some time, you will come to a decision to buy or sell your horses. When this time comes, you might want a horse transport that will make your life a lot easier for you.
The reality is, horse transport could be very expensive. Other than the specialist boxes, the owner should also take into account the fuel charges and costs. If you do not think that you can finance the transport on your own, it would be better to look for other stable owners who definitely are willing to share the transportation with you. Also, doing a cost-per-mile comparison is usually recommended when choosing a horse transport. However, it is still best to opt for the company that you trust.
We use quality modern wagons which are fully licensed and insured. Our aim is to provide a stress free horse transportation service in the knowledge your horse is safe and secure.


Three bright white diamonds for this diamond engagement ring - at the centre a 5mm princess cut diamond is flanked with a round brilliant cut diamond on each side. A beautifully balanced, attractive and classic three stone engagement ring, with slim shoulders and a 2mm band. A trilogy - for the past, the present and the future. 1 carat total diamond weight.


text:
Airmax Muzik II è il sesto album da solista del rapper tedesco Fler. È stato pubblicato l'8 aprile 2011, dalla etichetta discografica Maskulin.

Tracce
Edizione standard
2011 - 1:27
Neue Ära - 4:01
Südberlin auf Bewährung - 3:00
Du wirst gebangt - 3:21
Polosport Massenmord (feat. Silla & MoTrip)
Ghettoblaster - 3:22
Gangster Frank White - 3:32
Ich und keine Maske Flavour - 3:45
Nie an mich geglaubt - 4:01
Air Max - 3:13
Minutentakt - 3:47
Kein Fan davon (feat. Silla & MoTrip - 4:08
Du machst das ich atme - 3:51
Autopsie - 3:29
Echte Gangster tanzen nich (feat. Silla & MoTrip)
Bruder (feat. Shizoe) - 3:42

Edizione premium
2011 - 1:27
Neue Ära - 4:01
Südberlin auf Bewährung - 3:00
Du wirst gebangt - 3:21
Polosport Massenmord (feat. Silla & MoTrip)
Ghettoblaster - 3:22
Gangster Frank White - 3:32
Ich und keine Maske Flavour - 3:45
Nie an mich geglaubt - 4:01
Air Max - 3:13
Minutentakt - 3:47
Kein Fan davon (feat. Silla & MoTrip - 4:08
Du machst das ich atme - 3:51
Autopsie - 3:29
Echte Gangster tanzen nich (feat. Silla & MoTrip)
Bruder (feat. Shizoe) - 3:42
Mama is nich stolz auf mich - 3:08
Deutschland deine Stars - 3:16

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The development of PDE5-inhibitors is a clear example of how Western medicine approached the problem of ED differently from Eastern medicine. The erectogenic effect of sildenafil (Viagra®) was discovered by accident when patients undergoing heart clinical trials reported better erections as a side effect after taking sildenafil. This observation led to further elucidation of the NO/cGMP signalling pathway and development of PDE5-inhibitors as a first-line therapy in ED (5).
And what about L-citrulline? Watermelon has the highest concentration in nature (particularly the white rind), followed by onions and garlic. Just one standard serving of yellow watermelon provides enough L-citrulline to boost sexual performance. My advice is that you might want to stick to watermelon and not onions and garlic to boost your nitric oxide production before going on a date!
Safety Warning	Do not use this product if you take any other medications or have any medical condition such as heart disease, high blood pressure, seizures, stroke, cancer, liver failure, severe headaches, allergies or any other condition. Consult a physician if you have heart problems before taking this pill. Do not exceed recommended daily intake. Consult your doctor before taking this pill. Stop using immediately if undesirable effects develop. Keep out of the reach of children. DO NOT take if you are pregnant, have high blood pressure, diabetic, or have any heart disease/problem. Store this product in a cool and dry place. Do not take this pill with anything that may have nitrate in it. If you are currently under treatment for ANY medical conditions, please consult your physician before taking this pill.	—	Before taking this or any other supplement, always consult with a medical professional to ensure there will be no adverse interactions with existing medications. Please use caution if you have sensitivity to any of the listed ingredients. Because of the purity of this product, in rare circumstances, individuals consuming this product may experience allergic reactions, digestive distress, upset stomach, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, gas, headaches, dizziness, jitters, stomach pain, sickness, nausea, fatigue, changes in blood pressure, bloating, irritation, sleeplessness, pain or discomfort. Because of the potency and purity of this Ginseng extract, the capsules are not meant to be opened, as they will have a bitter and seemingly "salty" taste and smell. If any of these symptoms persist, discontinue use immediately and contact a licensed medical doctor or professional. Please contact us for a complete refund if any of the effects of this product are too strong to tolerate. Do not use if seal around cap is broken or missing.	Do not exceed recommended dose. Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Please use caution if you have sensitivity to any of the listed ingredients. Consumption of herbal ingredients may cause allergies to certain individuals, please check with your physician before taking any herbal supplements. If you have a history of allergies to herbal ingredients, do not consume this product. Possible side effects include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.


GAINESVILLE, Fla. – Dr. W. Robert Knechel, Frederick E. Fisher Eminent Scholar and Director of the International Accounting and Auditing Center, received an honorary doctorate from BI Norwegian School of Business this June in recognition of his significant contributions to the field of accounting.
Knechel also gave a lecture, titled "Who Do You Trust? Auditing and the (Political) Economy," prior to receiving the prestigious award from BI Norwegian Business School, the largest business school in Norway and the second largest in all of Europe. Knechel was one of five individuals presented with an honorary doctorate at the June 1 event at Oslo City Hall, where the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held annually, and one of 12 to receive the award in 2018 as part of the school's 75thanniversary celebration.
Knechel has been a faculty member at the University of Florida Fisher School of Accounting since 1981. He is also a Visiting Research Professor of Auditing at the University of Auckland Business School and Research Professor in Auditing at KU Leuven. His primary areas of research include issues related to assurance, control, performance measurement and auditing. His research has been published in several top accounting and auditing journals including the Journal of Accounting Research, The Accounting Review, The International Journal of Auditing and Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory.
Knechel is a member of the Standing Advisory Group of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and a board member of The Foundation for Audit Research. Knechel received his B.S. in Accounting from the University of Delaware and his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.


We are specialist dealers with expertise you can rely on.
You'll always find the latest developments in tools and machinery at Kicherer – the tool specialists. Specialist retailers like us are top partners for tools, especially quality tools. Contact us to discuss your needs! Keeping you up to date with advancements in technology is all part of our service.
Technological progress and innovation are constant drivers of process optimization, especially in the tool industry. We prioritize the high quality of our range of tools and machinery, in addition to providing informative advice and consulting.
When you need an order fast, just collect it at the Pro counter of our company headquarters at 4, Ludwig-Lutz-Strasse in Ellwangen. Our Pro Shop provides expert advice.


text:
Convertible 2002 review
Other Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (2002 - 2011) models:
SL-Class AMG
This car has been superseded by a newer model, click here to go to the latest Mercedes-Benz SL-Class Convertible review.
Mercedes-Benz SL-Class Convertible (2002 - 2011) mpg
06 June 2019 by David Ross
Parkers overall rating: 4 out of 5 4.0
Miles per pound (mpp)
What is miles per pound?
Reliable fuel consumption data for comparison purposes is not available for this model.
A more stringent standard for fuel economy (WLTP) was introduced from September 2017, and this model was not required to undergo that test. Its fuel economy measured under the previous test system was 19 - 30 mpg. However these figures are less likely to be achievable in real world driving and so should never be compared to another car's mpg which was measured under the newer, more realistic WLTP system.
If you have the sort of money to indulge in an SL then you won't be too concerned about the running costs. That doesn't prevent the car from being thirsty and expensive to insure while parts and servicing costs are high. However in the market for flash metal there are plenty that are even more costly to run and it's such a desirable machine that residual values are pretty strong too.
The SL is not a green choice. The lowest emissions are 236g/km of CO2 on the 350 model which can also return 28.5mpg.
Some Mercedes-Benz models from the early 2000s drifted a bit in the quality stakes, but this SL largely meets expectations of peerless build quality and engineering. However, a few owners have reported problems with roof seals that haven't been fixed despite several visits to dealers. There have also been a few recalls.
Ongoing running costs
Road tax (12 months)
See tax rates for all versions
How much is it to insure?
Engines Interior
More in Car Reviews
Owners reviews
Best used cars
Long-term tests
Parkers star ratings
New car prices
Parkers price guide
Popular car reviews


text:
Kelsterbach – miasto w Niemczech, w kraju związkowym Hesja, w rejencji Darmstadt, w powiecie Groß-Gerau.

Przypisy

Miasta w Hesji
Powiat Groß-Gerau


The artwork and storytelling of Canadian designer/illustrator Andrew Kolb will surely put a smile on your face, and WeMake is really happy to have him as a participating maker for Put A Bird In It. His unique style is playful, bright and fun with fragments of earlier days. I love the comical twists reflected in so much of what he does.
Like his children's book adaptation of David Bowies song, Ground Control , it has to be one of my favorites. The happy and sweet illustrations tell the story lovely and even though it's got a bit of doom in the lyrics, his charming Golden Book style will captivate any young reader…well older ones too.
Then there's his interpretation of a scene from the show Arrested Development, however far removed, very funny. He's not always coming up with alternate scenarios for his creativity to play around with, he also has some pretty impressive client work including folks like, Timbuktu Magazine, The Pixar Times, and the Canadian Family Magazine to name a few.
What appeals to you in regards to this project.
Most of my work is digital and there's no way of working around the need to go traditional with this sort of project! Well maybe there is but I for sure couldn't think of one. At least nothing that would actually survive as a functional birdhouse!
Why yes! I mean not personally (I've never been a strong sculptor), but I have created work that is meant to be viewed in the thiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiird dimensioooooooooooon. But I will add to this that I really consider product packaging to be working in 3D, so maybe that skews my response a little?
Your work is so happy and full of character with a nostalgic appeal. Was there certain illustrators that have inspired you…or where do you find your inspiration?
Oh hey thanks! One thing I hope to communicate through my work is how much fun I have creating it! As for inspiration, some I wear on my sleeve: Mary Blair, Eyvind Earle, and so many other great talents from days gone by. As for the less…obvious?…I pull from a lot of old fashion magazines (fantastic pattern/textural resources), as well as watch a lot of cartoons. A LOT of cartoons. I'll usually watch something at least twice. The first time is purely entertainment, but the second viewing is the time that the backgrounds and little details really start to shine. Anyways, it's always a lot of fun.
What was your favorite client job? Why?
Favorite client? Hmmmm. I feel like this is a chance to pull some wicked name dropping but I'll play it classy. I actually have a lot of fun with private commissions. Those are usually the projects that have the wackiest requests and aren't afraid to push the content/style/what have you.
Again we are delighted to see his birdhouse work progress and look forward to having it in the auction, thank you Andrew!
Here are a few photo's of what we have to expect from Andrew's birdhouse!


Social media is a powerful tool for researchers looking to share their findings with a wider audience. However, for academics to reach out beyond their usual audience of colleagues and peers they need to pass a threshold of followers on social media before they stop preaching to the choir and start reaching the general public.
This finding was made by ecology and evolutionary biology researchers Isabelle Côté and Emily Darling at Simon Fraser and Toronto University both in Canada, who analysed the Twitter followers of 110 colleagues, hailing from 85 institutions in 11 countries. They found that a majority of their followers (55%) were other scientists, a phenomenon they call 'inreach'. However, once they crossed the 1000 followers threshold, the composition of their audience started to change. Beyond around 1000 followers journalists and members of the general public started taking notice, with decision-makers ultimately joining at around 2200 followers. Crossing this threshold also helps to amplify the researchers' messages, as they benefit from the higher Twitter reach of followers who are politicians, journalists or otherwise in the public eye.
The authors highlight that Twitter is a powerful tool 'in most parts of the life cycle of a scientific publication'. They also remark that papers that are tweeted about more often correlate with a higher number of citations. Accordingly, they recommend that scientists with an interest in using Twitter to spread their work build a significant follower base.


Luxoft Technology Series - "LUXOFT TECHNOLOGY SERIES #45"
This webinar gives an introduction to Luxoft Excelian's Financial Services Practice. It will also walk you through the details of our Murex Academy and how it can be pivotal to an excellent career path ahead. Excelian – Luxoft Murex Academy provides the opportunity for talented, technically minded individuals to train as consultants, working in the finance sector on the Murex platform. Excelian's innovative approach to training will give you the opportunity to be mentored and work alongside one of our subject matter experts (SMEs) within one of our client delivery teams.


text:
18th July 2019 'People of Color' Label Is Racist Because It Gives 'Virtue' to Dark Skin
18th July 2019 Assembly elections: Battle of OBC biggest vote bank in UP politics – विधानसभा चुनाव: UP की सियासत में सबसे बड़े वोटबैंक की लड़ाई तेज, Hindi News
'We have a plan to get my mom grandkids'
Elizabeth Warren is the only presidential candidate with a plan for comedian Ashley Nicole Black's love life.
That's at least according to Black, who wrote on Twitter that she had a chat with the Democratic presidential candidate had called her up — making good on a weekend tweet from Ms Warren offering to help.
"Guess who's crying and shaking and just talked to Elizabeth Warren on the phone?!?!? We have a plan to get my mom grand kids, it's very comprehensive, and it does involve raising taxes on billionaires," Black wrote on Twitter, referencing Ms Warren's campaign mantra that she has a "plan for that".
The phone call — which the Warren campaign confirmed took place to The Independent — follows after Black jokingly tweeted on Sunday about the dozens of policy proposals Ms Warren has released, and that have come to largely define her campaign.
"Do you think Elizabeth Warren has a plan to fix my love life," Black tweeted then.
Ms Warren's account replied: "DM me and let's figure this out."
Ms Warrens' campaign provided no details of what the phone call included. But Black, a comedian who has worked on Samantha Bee's "Full Frontal" television show, provided some context piecemeal in her replies.
"I'm literally shaking," she wrote in response to one user.
It's "like you're talking to someone super smart, who actually cares," she wrote in response to another user, who asked how it feels to speak with Ms Warren. "It was amazing."
Finally, a hint at the advice: She said I've [got to] focus on what I've got going for me… that's when I started crying LOL".
বাবার শেষকৃত্যের দিন মায়ের মৃত্যু, কী হবে দুই নবজাতকের? পড়ুন মর্মান্তিক ঘটনা
'People of Color' Label Is Racist Because It Gives 'Virtue' to Dark Skin


text:
Dairy [200+], Greenfield Facilities [80+], Ice, Drink & Beverage [70+], Refrigeration [70+]
A national juice and dairy processor commissioned CEITM to develop a central ammonia refrigeration system performance design for a new cold storage facility (+34 ºF) and future freezer (-10 ºF). The challenge in this project was that the client…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/refrigeration-system.jpg 683 1024 Carter /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Carter2019-10-11 21:16:552022-08-18 17:47:58Refrigeration System Design
Greenfield Distillery
Greenfield Facilities [80+], Ice, Drink & Beverage [70+], Mechanical [30+], Refrigeration [70+]
Covert Engineers, Inc. was hired by a design-build contractor to provide the utility and process design for a new, brownfield distillery project in Portland, OR including milling, mashing, fermenting, stills, tank storage, blending, maturation…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/1325-MD-01.jpg 775 1577 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2019-06-12 20:30:462022-08-18 17:47:59Greenfield Distillery
Ammonia Piping Failure Analysis
Fruit & Vegetables [400+], Refrigeration [70+], Retrofit Projects [400+]
An international food processing company observed corrosion of their aging High-Pressure Liquid ammonia piping on a long run from the engine room to the processing plant so CEITM was hired to perform an engineering analysis and calculations…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ammonia-piping.jpg 1333 2000 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2019-06-12 20:25:382022-08-18 17:47:59Ammonia Piping Failure Analysis
Cold Storage Underfloor Heating
Greenfield Facilities [80+], Refrigeration [70+]
CEITM was hired by a freezer construction contractor to provide engineering services in support of a new cold storage building being built in Washington State. CEI's scope of work included design details for the under-slab glycol heating system…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/cold-storage.jpg 1342 2000 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2019-06-12 20:20:332022-08-18 17:47:59Cold Storage Underfloor Heating
Greenfield Potato Processing Plant
Fruit & Vegetables [400+], Greenfield Facilities [80+], Mechanical [30+], Refrigeration [70+]
Greenfield Potato Processing Plant In 2016 CEITM was selected as part of the design team for a new, state of the art, greenfield potato processing plant. The total project budget was $250MM and included a 250,000 sq.ft. processing building,…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/1316-Greenfield-Potato-Processing-Plant.jpg 3062 5400 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2017-12-11 05:27:092022-08-18 17:47:59Greenfield Potato Processing Plant
Dairy Pilot Plant
Dairy [200+], Greenfield Facilities [80+], Mechanical [30+], Refrigeration [70+]
CEITM provided engineering services to aid in the development and installation of a major food processor's pilot plant. This testing facility included a whey dryer, an HTST, NF/RO membrane systems, tanks, pumps, and other peripheral equipment…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Project-Cost-Control.jpg 1667 2500 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2017-08-09 17:10:132022-08-18 17:47:59Dairy Pilot Plant
White Wine Energy and Utilities
Energy [30+], Greenfield Facilities [80+], Ice, Drink & Beverage [70+], Mechanical [30+], Refrigeration [70+]
CEI™ was requested to assist with process support utility engineering for a new white wine production facility in Oregon. The goal was to review, from an engineering basis, certain utility loads for the new white wine facility based on a…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/white-wine.jpg 1333 2000 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2017-08-09 17:08:162022-08-18 17:47:59White Wine Energy and Utilities
Greenfield Brewery
CEITM provided process and utility engineering services for the analysis, design, and specification of equipment necessary for the installation of a New 92BBL Cast Out Brew House. This project required a full set of block flow/mass balance…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/New-Brew-House-Installation.jpg 1181 2100 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2017-08-09 17:06:552019-06-12 21:36:19Greenfield Brewery
Stillhouse Expansion, Energy and Utilities
Brownfield Facilities [50+], Energy [30+], Ice, Drink & Beverage [70+], Mechanical [30+], Refrigeration [70+]
A Distillery decided to move their existing distillation operation to a new location in Portland, OR while also expanding capacity by adding a new whisky still and brewhouse system. CEITM was engaged by a design-build contractor to provide…
https://covertengineers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/spirits-project.jpg 2100 2100 Covert Engineers, Inc. /wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cei-logo-tm.png Covert Engineers, Inc.2017-08-09 17:04:052019-06-12 21:36:37Stillhouse Expansion, Energy and Utilities


text:
Q: Custom Auth form fields in cakephp 2.4.0 I have my AuthComponent set up as an array in my AppController. I am using Form Authentication, and in the "fields" field of my "Form" array I currently have
array ('username' => 'email_address', 'password' => 'password'),

just like in most of the examples, and it appears to work just fine.
The problem is that I need to get the user data from the Auth object. When I call
$this->Auth->user ();

it returns an array with email_address and password set, exactly as I might expect. But I also need it to return the user ID, which is in a column called "id" in my users table. I tried adding 'id' => 'id' to my fields array, but that did nothing. I also tried 'user_id' => 'id' and 'userid' => 'id', but nothing worked.
Is there a way to get the Auth object to give me a little more information about the user than just the username and password? Or do I need to run a second query to do it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Please join us for a Nationals Baseball Game on Sunday September 23 at 1:35pm as the Nationals host Miami. Tickets are $40 which includes a $10 food and beverage credit. Our seats are in the shade so should be very comfortable. You can purchase tickets on your own at this website.
Please note that the deadline for purchasing tickets is September 17 at 4:59 pm.
So we can keep track of who is going please sign up on the blue insert in the bulletin and indicate if you are interested in ride sharing (either driving or needing a ride) so transportation can be arranged.


ET 915.01 is part of the HSI training system for refrigeration and air conditioning technology. In combination with the base unit ET 915 the operational model of a domestic refrigerator is created. The model is plugged onto the base unit, secured using fasteners and connected with refrigerant hoses to become a complete refrigeration circuit.
ET 915.01 consists of a refrigeration chamber with a heater as cooling load, evaporator, fan and various expansion elements. The fan supports the achievement of an even temperature distribution in the chamber. A cooling load can additionally be simulated with the heater. Solenoid valves enable the operation of the system with capillary tube or with expansion valve. All components are clearly arranged on a panel.
The control of individual system components, here the temperature control, fan, heater, compressor and solenoid valves, takes place via the educational software included in the scope of delivery of the base unit ET 915. The software offers the option to simulate faults.
Temperatures and pressures in the system are recorded by sensors and displayed dynamically in the educational software. The effect of parameter changes can be tracked online in the log p-h diagram.


1961 - Jimi Henrix enlisted in the Army.
1985 - The Parents Music Resource Center made their first contact with the RIAA over the need for a rating system on albums.
2007 - Rob Grill of the Grassroots was arrested for posession of prescription painkillers.
2014 - Miley Cyrus' home was burglarized with the thieves getting jewelry and her Maserati.
2014 - The estate of Spirit's Randy California sued Led Zeppelin, saying that their song "Taurus" was used in "Stairway to Heaven".
2016 - A report came out saying that Prince died from an accidental overdose of fentanyl.
1969 - Hollywood Palace (ABC) - Supremes (host), Jackson 5, Sammy Davis, Jr.


text:
What's on the menu? A presumed attack of Andean bear on a Mountain tapir at the Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia
Gustavo Adolfo Pisso-Florez‡§, Ignacio Gómez-Lora|, I. Mauricio Vela-Vargas¶#, Héctor Pizo‡, Isaac Bedoya Dorado‡, Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves¤
‡ Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Popayán, Colombia
§ Fundación Biotellus, Popayán, Colombia
| Fundación Zoológica de Cali, Cali, Colombia
¶ Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogotá, Colombia
# Proyecto de Conservación de Aguas y Tierras, Bogotá, Colombia
¤ Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
Corresponding author: Gustavo Adolfo Pisso-Florez ( tapiflo@gmail.com )
Academic editor: Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet
© 2021 Gustavo Adolfo Pisso-Florez, Ignacio Gómez-Lora, I. Mauricio Vela-Vargas, Héctor Pizo, Isaac Bedoya Dorado, Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves.
Citation: Pisso-Florez GA, Gómez-Lora I, Vela-Vargas IM, Pizo H, Bedoya Dorado I, Ramírez-Chaves HE (2021) What's on the menu? A presumed attack of Andean bear on a Mountain tapir at the Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(1): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e57140
Two iconic and charismatic species that inhabit the northern Andes of South America are the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and the Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). Both species can be found sympatrically in several areas of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. Despite their overlap in distribution, little is known about interactions between both species, with few reported cases of Andean bear attacks on the Mountain tapir. Here, we report a possible attack by an Andean bear on a Mountain tapir in the northern part of Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia based on strong wounds and marks on a tapir's back and rump. The wounds match typical attack patterns generated by Andean bears and corroborates previous camera traps records of bears attacking tapirs in this locality.
ecological interactions, neotropical mammals, high Andean forest, protected area, Tapirus pinchaque, Tremarctos ornatus
The Mountain tapir Tapirus pinchaque (Roulin 1829) is the smallest extant species of the genus Tapirus and has restricted distribution to cloud forest remnants and páramo habitats in Colombia, Ecuador and northeastern Peru, at elevations between 1400 and 4700 m (Lizcano et al. 2002; Arias-Alzate et al. 2010; Cavelier et al. 2010; Padilla et al. 2010; Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015). Mountain tapirs are among the largest mammals of the north Andean region reaching a weight up to 190 kg (Lizcano et al. 2017). Within its range, the Mountain tapir is sympatric with the Andean bear, Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier, 1825, described as one of its potential predators (Castellanos 2011, 2019; Castellanos 2014; Rodriguez et al. 2014)). Andean bears are considered as an omnivorous species with a high preference for plants, and animal proteins comprise less than 10% of its diet (Figueroa 2013; Gonzales et al. 2016). Evidence of predatory attempts has been reported based on wildlife camera photographs observing an Andean bear holding on to the back to a Mountain tapir (Rodriguez et al. 2014)). Besides scavenging records, the presence of Mountain tapir hair in Andean bear feces and claw marks on mountain tapir individuals have been suggested as further evidence of interactions between these two species (Castellanos 2011; Rodriguez et al. 2014); Castellanos 2019; López-Ordóñez et al. 2020). Here, we present a report of an individual Mountain tapir with wound patterns typically generated by Andean bear attack at the Puracé National Natural Park (PNNP), southwestern Colombia.
On 21 July 2020, local people reported to rangers of the Puracé National Natural Park (PNNP) the presence of wounded Mountain tapir around the Güargüero stream in the sector Alto Vedón La Plata, 39–40 km of the road Puracé – La Plata (02°19'33.8"N, 076°17'19.6"W ± 25–30 m; 2,890 m a.s.l) at the PNNP, Department of Cauca, southwestern Colombia (Fig. 1). This area is mainly covered by High-Andean cloud forests and páramo ecosystems, in the southern part of the Central Cordillera of Colombia (Bonilla-Valencia et al. 2019). Three PNNP rangers tracked the tapir and made observations of the individual for five days (23 to 27 July 2020) along seven km of road in the protected area. During 23 July, the survey was made between 14h:30–17h:00. Similarly, on 24 July, two surveys were made between 9h:00–11h:00 and 15h:00–17h:00, and on 25–27 July, three surveys were made between 15h:00 and 19h:00, all on the locality reported by local communities. All surveys were diurnal and occurred in the rainy season (Heck and Figueroa 2009), however no precipitation was recorded during the surveys. Our efforts included a 55.5 hours/person and a total of 35 km of road sampled.
Locality of wounded Mountain tapir record (yellow star) at the Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia.
On 24 July 2020, we first observed the wounded Mountain tapir, a juvenile individual (Fig. 2A) with two large wounds located in the right flank on the anterior part of the back (~22 × 16 cm), a wound located on the posterior region (~11 × 5 cm; Fig. 2B) and on the right side of its rump (~ 17 × 12 cm; Fig. 2C), and small scratches on the rump and both thighs (Fig. 2D), which we presume were made by the Andean bear.
Records of a wounded Mountain tapir produced presumably by Andean bear at the Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia on 27 July 2020. A General view of the individual, B wound located in the right flank on the anterior part of the back, C wound located on the right rump region, D scratch located on the left thigh region. Photographs: Gustavo Adolfo Pisso-Florez.
The same day at 16h:00, one of the rangers observed the wounded Mountain tapir feeding along the road edge for one hour and was able to collect a rotten piece of meat hanging from the wound of the rump, after stored in 70% ethanol (personal field number – GAP 198). The tapir exhibited abnormal movements with its right front foot but remained upright. The individual eventually entered the forest.
On 25 July at 17h:48, the PNNP team observed the individual 600 m away from its last sighting, foraging on the roadside for approximately 20 minutes. The tapir exhibited no signs of discomfort, such as rubbing its head or scratching branches into the wounds or difficulty walking. The individual again entered the forest around 18h:10. Two days later on 27 July, the PNNP team detected the individual 1.4 kilometers away from the last observed location. The dry wounds were about 60% of the size since the first observation. We attempted to record more precise measurements, but the arriving of local bus spoked the animal that into the surrounding forest. No capture or veterinary intervention to the animal were performed because it was standing and feeding normally. Also, the contingency measures taken by Colombian government because COVID-19 pandemic limited the mobilization of technical personnel to the PNNP. Also, the tapir was feeding normally and showed signs of healing naturally.
We suggest that the wounds observed on the Mountain tapir were caused by an Andean bear based on the patterns registered of bears attacking livestock (Goldstein et al. 2006; Figueroa 2015). Andean bears attacks large prey, by grasping them by the back with their claws and biting the back to disable it. This process produces multiple bites that leave large wounds and tears of flesh on the shoulders, back, and chest (Goldstein et al. 2006; Castellanos 2011; Narvaez and Zapata-Ríos 2016). Recent evidence has shown that the Andean bear preys on Mountain tapirs by hunting them (Castellanos 2019), or through scavenging (López-Ordóñez et al. 2020). The Mountain tapir wounds that we observed allow us to hypothesize that an Andean bear tried to attack the back of the tapir but failed to achieve the predation attempt (Rodriguez et al. 2014)). Mountain tapirs are large, yet overtly cautious, and can move fast; such traits may allow them to escape attacking predators (Castellanos 2011; Rodriguez et al. 2014).
The road side behaviors of this Mountain tapir after a presumable Andean bear attack are similar to an event described in Ecuador (Castellanos 2019), where a Mountain tapir spent most of its time at nearby cattle pastures and salt licks, and periodically finding shade and shelter in patches of cloud forest. This individual may have used an open roadway to better detect predators; it has been suggested that Andean bears may be affected by roads (Hernani-Lineros et al. 2020) but more evidence is needed. Another large predator inhabiting Puracé is the cougar, Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), but this species primarily feeds on prey such Brocket deer (Mazama rufina) and Northern Pudu (Pudu mephistophiles) (Hernández-Guzmán et al. 2011). Further, cougars often attack the throat or neck of prey (Márquez and Goldstein 2014; Narváez and Zapata-Ríos 2016). More foraging and predator-prey dynamics information is warranted to better understand the ecology of charismatic northern Andean megafauna.
Gustavo Pisso, Hector Pizo and Isaac Bedoya thank the Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, and the Puracé indigenous community for their support during the field surveys. We thank the inter-municipal transporters by alerting us about the wounded tapir. Gustavo Adolfo Pisso-Florez and Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves thank Rufford Small Grants (Grants 28471-2 and 29491-2) for support. All authors acknowledge Dr. Brian Blais from the University of Arizona for his comments on how to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Arias-Alzate A, Downer C, Delgado VCA, Sánchez-Londoño J (2010) Un registro de tapir de montaña (Tapirus pinchaque) en el norte de la cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Mastozoología Neotropical 17(1): 111–116. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45713277011
Bonilla Valencia J, Roncancio-Duque N, Pisso-Florez GA (2019) Portafolio de proyectos de investigación del Parque Nacional Natural Puracé. Documento adjunto al Plan de manejo 2020–2024 del PNN Puracé. Dirección Territorial Andes Occidentales, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Popayán-Cauca, 58 pp.
Castellanos A (2011) Do Andean bears attack mountain tapirs? International Bear News 20: 41–42.
Castellanos A (2014) Co-occurrence of Andean bear and Mountain tapir in the Papallacta region, Cayambe Coca National Park, Ecuador: A brief description. International Bear News 23(2): 20–21.
Castellanos A (2019) The threat of road-kill to Andean tapirs: The case of 'Jorgito', the Andean tapir that lived beside the Quito-Amazon highway, Ecuador. Boletín técnico 14. Serie Zoológica 14–15: 1–5.
Cavelier J, Lizcano D, Yerena E, Downer C (2010) The Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus): Two charismatic, large mammals in South American tropical montane cloud forest. In: Scatena LA, Hamilton LS (Eds) Tropical Montane Forest: Science for Conservation and Administration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778384.019
Figueroa J (2013) Revisión de la dieta del Oso Andino Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora: Ursidae) en América del Sur y nuevos registros para Perú. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 15: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.22179/REVMACN.15.165
Figueroa J (2015) Interacciones humano – oso andino Tremarctos ornatus en el Perú: Consumo de cultivos y depredación del ganado. Therya 6(1): 251–278. https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-15-251
Goldstein I, Paisley S, Wallace R, Jorgenson JP, Cuesta F, Castellanos A (2006) Andean bear – livestock conflicts: A review. Ursus 17(1): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[8:ABCAR]2.0.CO;2
Gonzales FN, Neira-Llerena J, Llerena G, Zeballos H (2016) Small vertebrates in the spectacled bear's diet (Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier, 1825) in the north of Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología 23(1): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v23i1.11834
Heck V, Figueroa A (2009) Climatología de la zona norte del parque nacional natural Puracé y su análisis en el marco de los datos históricos existentes. In: Figueroa A, Valencia M (Eds) Fragmentación y coberturas vegetales en ecosistemas andinos, departamento del Cauca. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, 57–75.
Hernández-Guzmán A, Payán E, Monroy-Vilchis O (2011) Hábitos alimentarios del Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) en el Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical 59(3): 1285–1294. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v0i0.3399
Hernani-Lineros L, Garcia E, Pacheco LF (2020) Andean bear diet near to and far from a road. Ursus (31e7): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-19-0003.1
Lizcano D, Pizarro V, Cavelier J, Carmona J (2002) Geographic distribution and population size of the Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in Colombia. Journal of Biogeography 29(1): 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00654.x
Lizcano D, González TM, Sandoval-A S, Peña J, Galvis C, Mosquera-Guerra F (2017) Características de la danta de montaña (Tapirus pinchaque). In: Mantilla-Meluk H, Mosquera-Guerra F, Trujillo F, Lizcano D, Sandoval S, González TM, Londoño MC (Eds) Plan de manejo para la conservación de la danta de montaña (Tapirus pinchaque) en el departamento del Quindío. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Quindío (CRQ), Armenia, Quindío, Colombia, 10–15.
López-Ordóñez JP, Gómez-Lora I, Ramírez-Chaves HE (2020) A record of scavenging behavior of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) on mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in southwestern Colombia. International Bear News 29(2): 27–28.
Márquez R, Goldstein I (2014) Manual Para el Reconocimiento y Evaluación de Eventos de Depredación de Ganado por Carnívoros Silvestres. Wildlife Conservation Society – Colombia. Santiago de Cali, 35 pp.
Narváez V, Zapata-Ríos G (2016) Guía Para la Identificación de Ataques a Animales Domésticos Causados por Carnívoros Grandes. Ministerio del Ambiente y Wildlife Conservation Society – Ecuador. Quito, 13 pp.
Ortega-Andrade HM, Prieto-Torres DA, Gómez-Lora I, Lizcano DJ (2015) Ecological and geographical analysis of the distribution of the Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in Ecuador: Importance of Protected Areas in future scenarios of Global Warming. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0121137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121137
Padilla M, Dowler RC, Dowler CC (2010) Tapirus pinchaque (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae). Mammalian Species 42: 166–182. https://doi.org/10.1644/863.1
Rodríguez A, Gómez R, Moreno A, Cuellar C, Lizcano DJ (2014) Record of a mountain tapir attacked by an Andean bear on a camera trap. Tapir Conservation 23: 25–26.
Roulin FD (1829) Mémoire pour servir á l`histoire du tapir; et description d`une espéce nouvelle appurtenant aux hautes régions de la Cordillére des Andes. Annales des Sciences Naturelle Zoologie Paris 17: 26–55.


Www.aviation-database.com is a respected aviation products data provider and internet publisher that's used everyday by a high number of today's aviation managers and aerospace companies. The web based aero industry database facility has several categories covering the aerospace industry. These include AOG services, avionics and instruments, EASA part 145 maintenance, and how to effortlessly provide aircraft spares and airline assistance.


text:
Recent Ruling By New Jersey Court Undermines Business Risk Defense In Construction Defect Litigation
The New Jersey Appellate Court recently found that the unintended and unexpected consequential damages caused by the subcontractor's defective work constituted "property damage" and an "occurrence." Cypress Point Condo Ass'n v. Adria Towers, L.L.C., 441 N.J. Super. 369 (App. Div. 2015). This ruling marks a major departure from the existing body of case law in New Jersey, as it holds that unintended and unexpected consequential damages caused by a subcontractor's defective work constitute both "property damage" and an "occurrence" under a standard CGL policy. The decision it reverses a long-running argument, based upon a 1979 case, Weedo v. Stone-E-Brick, Inc., that defective workmanship by subcontractors is not covered by such insurance regardless of the effects. The Cypress Point Court distinguished Weedo and a 2006 case, Firemen's Ins. Co. of Newark v. National Union Fire Ins. Co., by pointing out that those cases involved a differently worded insurance policy (ISO 1973) and involved only replacement costs, not consequential damages caused by defective work.
In Cypress, the Plaintiff condominium association brought an action against the association's developer, Adria Towers, L.L.C. (the "developer"), the developer's insurers, and various subcontractors. The developer served as the general contractor on the condominium project and hired the subcontractors to perform all the construction work. Plaintiff sought coverage from the insurers under the developer's commercial general liability ("CGL") policy for consequential damages caused by the subcontractors' defective construction. According to the Plaintiff, the subcontractors improperly installed the roof, flashing, gutters and leaders, brick and EIFS facade, windows, doors, and sealants (the "faulty workmanship"). The faulty workmanship caused damage to the interior structures, common areas, and unit owners' property. Some units even experienced damage from water infiltration. The trial court held that there was no "property damage" or "occurrence" as required by the policy to trigger coverage. On appeal, the sole issue before the Court was whether consequential damages to the common areas and to the unit owners' property, caused by the faulty workmanship, and constituted "property damage" caused by an "occurrence" under the policy.
The Appellate Division rejected the carriers' arguments as to the lack of "property damage" and an "occurrence," writing: "As to whether there exists 'property damage,' the consequential damages clearly constitute 'physical injury to tangible property.' The faulty workmanship damaged 'the common areas and unit owners' property.' The interior structures, including the drywall, insulation, wall finishes, and wood flooring, were damaged by water infiltration from the faulty workmanship. As a result, the consequential damages constitute 'property damage' as defined under the policy… The insurers do not contend, and we cannot reasonably believe, that the contractors either expected or intended for their faulty workmanship to cause 'physical injury to tangible property.' Thus, the consequential damages constitute an 'occurrence' as defined in the policy." 441 N.J. Super. at 373.
The Appellate Division also discussed the "your work" exclusion, which, as the name indicates, precludes coverage for damage to "your work." The 1986 ISO form of that exclusion contains an exception reading: "This exclusion does not apply if the damaged work or the work out of which the damage arises was performed on your behalf by a subcontractor." While some Courts simply read that exclusion out of the policy, the Appellate Division ruled that the exception must be given effect, writing: "As a practical matter, it is very difficult for a general contractor to control the quality of a subcontractor's work. If the parties to the insurance contract did not intend a subcontractor's faulty workmanship causing consequential damages to constitute 'property damage' and an 'occurrence'… then it begs the question as to why there is a subcontractor's exception." 441 N.J. Super. at 376. The Court noted: "The exception treats consequential damages caused from faulty workmanship by subcontractors differently than the damage caused by the work of general contractors." Id.
The developer's insurers have filed a Petition for Certification with the New Jersey Supreme Court and are awaiting a decision as to whether the New Jersey's highest court will accept Certification.


Ajax is my one year old male. He loves life. Plenty of treats, attention, training, work and play. He currently is enrolled in behavior class; simply because he needs to learn how to stop talking all the time. He will do many commands but has to tell you about it as he is doing it.
We also play frisbee and lots of ball tricks. He has two females in the home; Madison and Kaitlynn, that he plays and protects along with me. Ajax is my seizure alert dog; this is his job and he does it well. He sleeps with me at night and is forever checking on me through the night. He also wakes me if one of the boxer girls needs to go outside.
You're Boxer is a lifesaver, just like ours...so wonderful!


As with my most re-reads of The Hunger Games and Catching Fire I'm realizing (once again) how much things change between re-reads based on where you are in your life, what you're doing in life and any other number of uncontrollable factors. Looking back on my original review in September 2010, I see that my thoughts haven't changed too much, but my understanding and appreciation of Collins' storytelling/building has increased.
As with my recent re-read of The Hunger Games and going back to re-read my original review of Catching Fire back in 2010, I realized how much my blog has changed over the past three years. (I've also realized how poorly proofed my old posts are. Seriously go back and read some of them and laugh at my horrible editing! I used 'one' instead of 'won' and have 'wont" instead of 'won't' at one point. As I said in that review, DON'T READ PAST THIS POINT IF YOU DON'T WANT ANYTHING RUINED.
If one of the novels had more potential than any of the others, this is it and this is most evident in the way the writers were able to create an AMAZING film out of a mediocre book. And as with the book itself I wished the movie would've spent more time in the arena itself rather than on the outside of the arena, but both the book and movie did have to set up the third book.


text:
Warframe developers Digital Extremes acquired by Tencent
Tencent has bought an awful lot of shares in video game studios in recent years, and are showing no signs of slowing down, as demonstrated by the $1.5 billion purchase of Digital Extremes, the studio behind Warframe.
The deal has been on the cards for a while but was finalised yesterday. The purchase sees the Chinese giant pick up Leyou Technologies, the parent of Digital Extremes, and includes a number of other studios including the UK based Splash Damage (who have had a hand in Gears Tactics) and Certain Affinity, who has worked on the Modern Warfare remasters and Halo Infinite. It also includes Athlon Games, who are working with Amazon on a new Lord of the Rings MMO.
It's curious to know that before Leyou snapped up these studios, it was a chicken processing company of all things - so I guess you could call this a Winner Winner Chicken Dinner? In any case, this is another significant addition to Tencent's portfolio of games, which includes studios such as Riot Games and Funcom.
Tencent is also a significant shareholder in major studios such as Epic Games, Ubisoft, Activision and Blizzard.