In order to make epoxy work, you need to brushing resin and a hardening representative to make the bond as solid as required. Until recently most adhesives were not very good at bonding 2 various materials such as steel and timber or in bonding non-porous materials like glass. Yet, with the artificial issue had in epoxies, you can do both of these kinds of jobs effortlessly. The majority of the moment, when you are making an epoxy adhesive, you do not mix both components with each other up until you are ready to utilize them. Several are also thermo-activated, which implies they additionally need warmth in order to develop the bonds.
For How Long Have Epoxies Been Around?
In 1936, both S. O. Greenlee in the USA and Dr. Pierre Castan of Switzerland demonstrated the first epoxy adhesive. Since then, there have actually been many contactlijm bestellen developments in the field of adhesives and you can discover numerous kinds both for residence use and commercial use. Some that you could be aware of are Krazy Glue, Super Glue, and Gorilla Glue.
Utilizes for this type of adhesive include: taking care of points like busted glasses, or bonding fiber optic cords. Epoxies are not bulky, are light-weight adjust easily to the surface of the materials they are bonding. As a result, they are best for numerous uses in the house and likewise in the work environment, since they are made to last.
What Cautions And Dangers Should You Know When You Utilize An Epoxy Adhesive?
Workout terrific caution that you are utilizing the best kind of adhesive for the job. The incorrect sort of adhesive can actually create irreversible damage to whatever you are trying to repair. You ought to make certain that you have the location where you are utilizing the epoxy adhesive clean and free from debris so that it does not obtain right into adhesive. Take care to not obtain any adhesive on your skin due to the fact that it might bond immediately and it is tough to eliminate without terrific effort. With an epoxy adhesive like Crazy Glue it bonds instantly when it hits the air. If you do obtain it on your skin, you can attempt fingernail gloss to remove it.
When you are utilizing a two component epoxy adhesive you ought to mix it on a surface that you will not be making use of once again if possible. The packaging for the epoxy adhesive frequently can offer this purpose. Mix both components rapidly and use them immediately. Comply with all of the guidelines very thoroughly to ensure the very best results.
If you are using some sorts of epoxies they can create enough heat to trigger whatever you are attempting to bond to split or flex. This is why it is important that you are really mindful when you are picking which epoxy adhesive to make use of. Even the simplest epoxy such as those you would certainly utilize in the house can trigger damages and may wreck the surface for future bonding efforts.
Instagram is right as of now used by a gigantic number of individuals the world over, and for an incredible reason taking pictures and taking a gander at them with your exceptional partners has through and through anytime been less entangled. By the by, Instagram can be utilized as a bit of an amazingly time tested arrangement, not only to sort out yet rather to advertise and showing limits also. In the event that you have a business and you should need to drive it in the on-line condition, by then this could be a terrific movement mechanical get together. Having guaranteed that, right here are 5 of the most flawlessly great approaches to manage feasibly use Instagram. Twitter utilizes them, Instagram utilizes them and beginning late, Facebook has very executed hash names furthermore. In reality, Instagram clients pass on by and large utilizing hash names; this is the reason you ought to find approaches to manage use them in your inclination.
This portion can be particularly basic for affiliations that are checking for fans, as it engages them to make their substance accessible and it will firmly in like way trigger a viral effect that will evidently profit the business after some time. A picture could be upheld paying little personality to a thousand words, and everyone appreciates that. Instagram is about photographs; in any case taking self-conclusive pictures will quite not take you incredibly much, particularly on the off chance that you intend to affect utilization of to purchase to private instagram viewer for the most part to advance purposes. A boss among the best, speediest and scarcest troublesome frameworks to enable stamp to name understanding and to overhaul deals is to suitable photographs of your sustenance dependably they do not should be master, they basically need to feature the features and segments of the thing concerned and to intrigue the expansive social gathering of people.
Especially same settles on video cuts you can talk about records with your specialists, in reality, or you could make online sustenance assessments. Despite your alternative, video gets and photographs are probably going to change into a web sensation, as people recognize media reports more than substance and they are well while in travel to review them reliably. On the off chance that Instagram private viewer have a crisp out of the crate new affiliation and you need to make a name yourself, after that photographs and video secures will doubtlessly come in enduring. Individuals like giveaways, limits and all kind of interesting offers, this is the reason you would never whenever come up short with a test. An opposition is a success win your clients will absolutely get a complimentary thing and associations, while you discover the chance to enable check to name request. One brilliant hopes to use Instagram for troubles is to persuade people to examine their own remarkable photos of your thing, and to give a boss among the most suggestive or exceptional picture.
Movements in current advancement have truly raised the enthusiasm of Greek club celebrating to the going with degree. Beside periphery stereos and furthermore current moving floor materials, among a champion among the most fundamental perspectives which make Greek clubs best to party are the lights. Allow us concede that without club lights; late night social affairs would decidedly never be the equivalent. It helps set the demeanor of get-together goers and impacts the social occasion to experience extra wonderful and besides entrancing. There are different sorts of lighting up used as a piece of clubs, for instance, arrange lights, strobe lights, DJ lasers and significantly more.
Appropriate lighting may empower a club to profit increment impressively more customers. Customary purchasers are pulled in and additionally one that is submitted. A celebration place would decidedly not be meant without extraordinary lighting so it ought to be given relevance. Individuals who need to social affair would decidedly search for unprecedented music, critical refreshments and besides sustenance, happy people and totally amazing celebration lights to guarantee that they would even have the capacity to and moreover acknowledge for the duration of the night. In case clients are happy with precisely what they find in a club, they are no uncertainty ahead back for dynamically and even urge the place to their pals, partners, and diverse accomplices.
It is incomprehensible to have a productive club without mind blowing lights these days. Also extraordinary tunes would in no way, shape or form be adequate to keep the gathering celebrating for a long time when it isn't joined by lasers and strobe lights. It is a trusted and avowed dish for advancement to redesign tunes with composed lighting in a club. Notwithstanding whether people that go to club wish to move, have refreshment or to just having a huge amount of fun alone or with extraordinary colleagues, incredible Voice Live Stage would help make their stay in an explicit club all the all the more satisfying.
Not simply that club lighting can help set μπουζούκια θεσσαλονίκη καλοκαίρι point of view, it can in like way help enhance the locale look much. Event lights are offered in pretty much all shades one can ever consider. It is in like way open in different sizes and moreover composes. Lights can change the total appearance of an explicit zone in only seconds. Clubs are not about sound yet close by elegant overhauls. So if you intend to set up a voice live stage or preparing to have one of your own made, you absolutely should have extraordinary club lighting. You may wish to finish a little report concerning the distinctive sorts or associate with a specialist on this field confirming that you set up a fantastic mix of lights and for you to protect advance by not getting those you needn't waste time with. Lights is one territory that club proprietors should offer significance to as it can no ifs ands or buts help in making the club extra eye getting, considerably increasingly fun and moreover most prominently extra compelling.
A decent mattress is a major venture and, in the event that it is cared for legitimately, it should last you for a considerable length of time. There are a few stages you can take to keep your mattresses getting to be harmed or grimy, there are a few cures if this aversion fizzled, and there is general support you can do to drag out its helpful life. Pursue these shoddy mattress cleaning tips and you ought to be fine: To shield your new buy from harm and ordinary wear and tear, you ought to put resources into a decent quality cover. The one thing that mattresses truly detest is dampness, regardless of whether it is sustenance or drink spillage, buildup or body sweat – you know it is anything but a lovely subject, however we each lose about a large portion of a half quart of perspiration consistently and the main place it tends to be retained is our bedding or our bed.
The spreads go about as an obstruction among you and your new mattress, and will get any dampness before it achieves the изпиране на матрак; it will likewise help decrease the measure of wear. Spreads are generally shoddy and can be supplanted a lot less demanding than the mattress itself. In the event that dampness gets through, it is imperative you that you splash up any abundance fluid before you begin to endeavor cleaning. When you are certain you have wiped up any abundance liquid, you can utilize a decent quality texture cleaner to scour the tricolored territory. You should ensure it is 100% dry before you think about it again – utilize a fan or better still permit however much natural air as could be expected to flow around the mattress. Take the necessary steps to get your mattress dry, in such a case that you don't it can wind up mildew covered and spoil can begin to set in – Whatever technique you pick, kindly don't think little of the significance of this drying stage!
When it is completely dry, sprinkle on heating soft drink and abandons it for 24 hours before you vacuum it off. The preparing soft drink will help dispense with any scents that have created because of the spillage. Mattresses take a great deal of maltreatment and we should be cautious to guarantee they don't wear excessively in constrained zones. The most ideal approach to keep any wearing in one place is to pivot and flip it all the time – have a go at numbering the corners with a marker pen, this will enable you to recollect which way you have to flip or turn next time. These modest mattress cleaning tips, alongside the periodic vacuuming, should mean you get long stretches of tranquil resting from your new bed.
Web-based social networking is the new mechanism for brand building. Organizations that are utilizing this as a stage for their image's voice are increasing greater perceivability and rapidly. This is the reason informal organizations ought to be one of the center apparatuses being utilized for your online notoriety administration. Nearby SEO organizations are as of now utilizing it as a major aspect of their administrations for marking organizations. On the off chance that you don't realize where to begin, consider counseling with one.
There are different internet based life arranges out there that you can use as a stage for your organization. Why pick one over another? The initial step is to decide if it's the place your crowd hangs out a great deal. Next, you need to distinguish regardless of whether you're ready to make pertinent substance for that specific site. This is the place a few organizations tumble off, on the grounds that they need innovativeness.
Instagram is a visual stage, so it requires content as video and photographs. There are smart ways you can make this sort of substance coordinate your business and gathering of people. This is likewise where contracting a standout amongst other neighborhood SEO organizations can prove to be useful. Their specialists can invoke approaches to make content that will attract your specific crowd.
Presently, what's the purpose behind utilizing Instagram? For one, it has more than 600 million clients around the globe. Without a doubt, you have a little level of this pie that is comprised of your objective client. As per different details, more than 300 million individuals are utilizing the stage consistently. The brands that have just begun utilizing this stage are seeing high measures of client commitment. Numbers from Forrester Research demonstrate a 2.3 percent for every adherent commitment rate. Ideally, this helped catch your consideration and free instagram followers to try Instagram out. What do you have to lose at any rate? You can procure a SEO organization to plan a system to guarantee your dispatch on this system is noteworthy.
Create your posts utilizing your work area. Besides, this is the place the majority of your booking apparatuses will be, which makes it simpler to execute.
Repost substance distributed by others. One examination done by Crowdtap demonstrates that individuals trust client produced content more. Likewise, client produced posts are 50 percent more dependable and 35 percent more paramount. You should include your own inscription, so your quintessence is executed into the post.
Consider your display's topic. This will rely upon the sort of industry you're in and the focal point of your internet based life methodology. It tends to be a blend of business photographs, subject related photographs, client created photographs et cetera.
Drones are in reality creating into cautiously used in picture using. It started out just like a recreational activity; nonetheless lately it offers you employed an experienced transform. A drone is obviously a remarkable tool that can assist grab excellent aerial graphics that were unthinkable prior to. You might have contemplated impressive air-borne photos of land area like hillsides, estuaries and rivers, deserts as well as profession operate spots in video clips. A helix is generally valuable for snapping shots this particular pictures via the video recording firm plus a large staff is discovered to help you computerized electrical digital camera specific. Experiencing professed that, especially it could be almost unthinkable to make to obtain a chopper. Even when you could possibly have the monetary case available to one to request a helix, you could ask for an aviator when thinking about on taking getaway the helix that will help you get graphics. To be able to begin air-borne electronic digital cameras and in addition never need to commit plenty of cash much more than it, and after that drones might be the most appropriate option.
Drones can be purchased in numerous forms. It truly is very simple to choose the precise best coordinated towards the photography requirements very easily. There are many selections that could be obtained for fewer than 100 bucks including the Blade Niño QX. The products are excellent for rookies as well as devoted getting photos fanatics that undoubtedly have actually started of using drones for impact making use of usages. There exists definitely usually the chance the drone wills incident when you find yourself discovering how you can travel it; it can be for this reason safer to purchase a more inexpensive design and style mainly.
Picture consuming readers that certainly are superbly-versed in piloting a drone individually can want to receive elegant drones which can contain the potential of carrying a larger cam. Amongst the most effectively-enjoyed sorts of which can be winding up as being a excellent choice for consultant image eating will definitely become the DJI Phantom pattern. Ought to you be personalized-personalized-assured with regards to your emotion drone price increasing experience right after you could absolutely certainly even pick the Iris by way of a few dimensional Robotics? These drones may cost you regarding 800, nonetheless are actually definitely worth the costs. The calibre of visuals you will get quickly accessible drones is amazing.
You will find extra drones that come with a hooked up Go Skilled camera like DJI Phantom 2 though rate is 2 times of the you have to discover the versions pointed out earlier. Do realize that much better the digital camera you own inside the drone, the greater the quality of images and video clips it truly is an extremely simple work to history. Electronic digital camera can be a needed object of items if you want simply clicking on outstanding pictures through the help of your drone. A considerable element when picking your camera will be the body weight. Just about the most dependable camera for sale at this time might be the Gore Hero3 Black colour distinction that is certainly 73 go and also might supply top quality photos and films. This camera has established-in Wi-Fi and executes mutually with OEM and third party moreover goods.
Printed materials are undoubtedly an advertisement to your company, class, and fundraising. The brochures are used in lots of regions and uses, like advertising and marketing, classified ads, advertising campaign, frustration, account elevating, and a lot of other stuff. They may be fashionable yet remain impressive like a marketing strategy which will service and promote your product or service for yourself around the world.Models really are a unique graphics in their selves. They often have got a group of artsy individuals who develop them and are generally expert creative designers. They can make a very good attention grabbing object for your enterprise in relation to your printing requires. The can make use of your company logo, design a format making use of textual content, artwork and images. Occasionally the revision method is cost-free, based on the company you decide on.
A nice facet of enterprise brochures simply being printed is can certainly drive them towards customization to accommodate the particular demands of your company products. Color CMYK print method is yet another aspect of your brochure printing; this consists of several shades, cyan, discolored, magenta, and black. As well as the Color brochure print organization may offer whole color printed brochures to clients globally. Sneaking also cheaper fender stickers to be printed with the greatest diploma.Brochures can be used these days by a various array of corporate industries, firm, real estate online marketers, humanitarian groupings, NGOs, bookstores, environmental organizations, sports teams, songs famous actors, universities and universities, trend companies, and our checklist goes on and on. As far as price will go, they may be really inexpensive to utilize. And dimension, effectively that may be from standard sizing to very small to larger sized. A single confident thing is these brochures are printed to fit your require and match a quality at the same time and Discover More https://thietkeinandep.com/dich-vu-in-tui-giay-chuyen-nghiep/.
Most On the web brochure print companies gives totally free shipping, because they value their clientele throughout the world. And, moreover, offering a ten percent lower price to the clientele for printing their brochures utilizing the on the web brochure print company. When evaluating one of the best on the internet printer services open to you globally, hassle-free and expense powerful.Brochures along with other printed goods will help enhance your identity in the industry planet these days. The brochures are available for a lot of financial budgets in a cost-effective method and size smart they may be very appropriate. The printed brochures assist to bring out prospective clients in your organization or marketing method. Account rearing occasions are more promoted while using the printed brochures and might support attract more income for your business.So when you are on the market to help your business increase and blossom, or encourage an account increasing event in your neighborhood, seek out a web-based printing service to help you out with your brochure printing requires. Most offer online printing services to customers throughout the world.
Through years, people now are using car mainly to deliver them from one area to an additional, and they considered it as one of the biggest investments they have, and people wish to take genuine care of this financial investment. Excellent information is you can now clean your auto without water, which suggests there are no pails, no hose pipes and also no water waste! In one simple spray and clean application, waterless carwash carefully lifts dust to tidy, polish, wax, seal, sparkle and protect your lorry. Unlike the traditional technique of cleaning your vehicle, waterless car wash liquify dirt and gunk that no demand to put in so much effort in scrubbing away the dust nor fret about left deposit on home windows.
It can secure your car create the residue of acid rain, fixing oxidized paint, recover feather scratches and also includes a layer of UV security versus the sunlight's harmful rays. It likewise completes minor swirl marks, which can keep a brand-new vehicle's fantastic exterior or get rid of the demand to paint an old automobile. Never before have cars and trucks been looked after in this way. This ingenious means of securing vehicles began convenient. When today's rates of assets including cars are on the rise, old cars are far better than nothing. You need waterless car wash to make the finish last much longer. Along with the ecotouch and glossy benefits, these Waterless car wash items additionally aid in preserving water, one more valuable asset.
This cutting edge option from house vehicle washing is extremely functional and secure to use. Your Satisfaction is ensured with our 100% money back pledge. If this traditional clean still seems too much like hard work, try one of these alternatives: Hire a Professional Mobile Car Cleaner. Many trusted business currently provide regular or month washes at wonderful costs and also can even cleanse your cars and truck at your residence or workplace. Attempt a static vehicle laundry. Some actually function these days, cleaning and drying the entire lorry, without any damages. Go with the much more costly sites. Never ever try a 1.99 cars and truck wash. You will be asking for trouble. As a last alternative, have a look at the most up to date in waterless car cleaning innovation.
Everybody knows that girls and boys have resemblances often, regardless of whether it comes down in creating and managing the autos. The one thing that could make them difference is, girls desired to make their autos to get seem much more trendy and feminine for this reason most of them are buying pink car accessories due to the fact, everyone knows that when you find yourself utilizing a pink coloration inside your car, it implies that you are more on the women area. If you want to understand what the thing which has pinkish colours is, then it could be far better if you are intending to present a while looking at this one.
We cannot refute the point that you can find large numbers of pinkish car accessories that may be found in the current market which will suit your needs in addition to your flavor and might make you much more question at times. Through your autos plate quantity, that has decorative picture frames, to an interior décor that has gorgeous style, can be obtained from the field of car accessories. Irrespective of the maker of your car, you are able to choose several styles into it depending on your flavor. Among the finest things which could help you in choosing your car accessories is always to know your preferred animated heroes, for an example.
There are various pinkish do choi xe hoi which has comic figures idea the same as the Betty Boop persona. Everyone knows that this cartoon figure is really womanly but naughty sometimes, but we could not refuse the fact that it is probably the most saleable pink accessories for the car right now it's simply because, Betty Boop is renowned for her pinkish color figure. You may still find a variety of animation character types that one could choose between if you are intending to look into the net, but besides the comic heroes, also you can select some of your favorite icon like Hanna Montanna on an instance and then any is going to do.
In addition, you may also offer a choice of customizing your pink car accessories if you are going to talk to some specialists to get it done to suit your needs, so that you can be happy with the accessories that you have been selected for. We are unable to reject the truth that pinkish shade is really meant for women, it indicates that whenever you might see anything at all which happens to be coloration pink, the one thing that can appear for your thoughts are that the shade is really a feminine color. For this reason if you wish to be seemed so feminine, it might be far better if you are intending to purchase pinkish accessories for the car.
Diabetes was lately known as teenage starting diabetes in essence in the grounds that it occurs in more youthful folks under fifteen years old. Regularly this diabetes type happens around ages of twelve or thirteen. It is known as from a vast border one of the most remarkable technique for diabetes as far back as the body makes no blood insulin. Insulin is really a hormonal expert made in the pancreas. Blood insulin signifies helping the entire body use sugar or blood sugar levels. Without having blood insulin the body's tissue are unfit to use sugar for essentialness. In cases where the muscle tissues could not employ sugar, muscle to extra fat percentage is expended for imperativeness. Ketones might be perilous as soon as they achieve large degrees and can prompt transferring without finish. Using the recommended variety 1 diabetes treat will let the patient to continue with a lengthy revitalizing daily life.
Ever since the entire body makes no blood insulin with people going through diabetes, the standard personal let you know possess the issue have to take bloodstream blood insulin to regulate sugar levels. Bloodstream insulin sorts involve quick functioning, modest carrying on and very long behaving. Healing specialists on a regular basis suggest a mix of these insulin sorts. Blood vessels insulin might be infused by infusion employing a syringe or a blood insulin pen that can be seen being an ink pen however features an ink printer cartridge full of insulin. Some diabetes Sort 2 applies to owning a blood insulin water siphon. The siphon is tiny comparable to a cell phone and is also associated with a pipe which gives insulin to tissue by means of a catheter set below the epidermis zone inside of the midriff. Moreover, they look out for just how much carbs is expended contemplating that insulin sums may be modified relying after carbs entrance.
Different systems located in sort 1 diabetes treatment incorporate keeping track of starchy foods sustenance, expending nourishments which may be reduced in glucose, more fat and awful cholesterol and rehearsing typically. Individuals could possibly be placed on circulatory strain and blood choleseterol levels physician advised glucodefend review because those that have diabetes will on the whole be increasingly inclined to coronary heart troubles.
Hunting down condominiums can be more required than you may estimate. Probably the most certain land traps have been identified with the condo business. Conceivably you beginning at now have one as a guideline need, perhaps you have even been displayed a unit or two to show up distinctively in connection to the effectively staggering pictures you have seen on the web; this is not sufficient to give anybody a candid segment. Research a few indications and steps I have plot underneath to help promise you get precisely what you are searching for; no prohibitions.
Unexpected Costs and Taxes: this is a standout amongst the best stuns condo proprietors experience once their buy is finished. In spite of what you were told before you secured the Condos, support charges and property powers dependably keep running up starting with one month then onto the accompanying so as another Condo proprietor it is crucial to solidify into your cash related game plan an additional 500-600 to help spread a fragment of the surprising costs that may rise.
Think about the Communal Areas: different first time purchasers' expulsion to see the standard locale of the Avenue South Residence Kheng Leong You need to investigate the lounge area and any distractions rooms, yards, pool regions, and so forth and note how all around considered they show up. This is commonly an outstanding methodology to pick how well your condo will be considered and the sort of individuals contemplating your structure.
Storage room: this is a basic issue first time purchasers will govern in doubt ignore. Despite whether you are moving into a condo from your own special home or this is your first home seeing how much additional room you have is fundamental. It is unfathomably standard for condominium structures to offer additional room for every property all around sufficiently wide to store many boxes and even bikes and waving gear.
Paying little personality to whether you live alone or with your family, the security choices are basic while examining acquiring a condo. Colossal amounts of the additionally forefront redesigns offer a guardian and 24-hour observation of the property using cutting edge cameras and apparatus to cover all bits of the grounds. Anything short of this ought to be noted as a notice and rethought for your general security. There is nothing directly with getting a second supposition of the condo being insinuated as the general complex. Here and there we can be so amped up for a felt that we do not undeniably observe all the negative perspectives before us and this is detect a dear amigo or relative can be of association.
As cover some various other things. Though there are a lot of systems out there, more significantly frauds, there is not fairly as several as there are online get abundant fast schemes and pansy plans as a whole. There are still hundreds if not countless rip-offs that directly associate with Foreign exchange Currency Trading. These scams can be found in various forms however usually get the document corrected on them quickly, however a few others somehow get away the negative publicity as well as go for years and struck unwary earnings candidates where it injures the most daily. The issue with Foreign exchange is that a lot seems also excellent to be true, and also a great deal of stuff is, yet it is also real that many people have actually made millions and some are not truly all that wise at it. You can benefit from the ideal robotic.
The first point I would like to discuss is the topic of sales pages, that usual pitch web page that a lot of products utilize and also you usually assume it is gone as well much or it has to be a scam simply by taking a look at it. Yet when you assume real hard regarding it, over half the time this is not really the case … These sales pages are so long and also packed with details given that they are typically advertised on the internet as well as it is more or less organization method, instead of anything mirroring the product. Specific vendors force you to utilize pitch web pages, they require a particular landing web page as well as it makes things a lot easier for sales purchases. Rather than overview you with an organized internet site with even more details through different areas; they frequently use this pitch page and they usually pack it with details and also a bunch of difficult marketing. This has verified to be the fad as well as it is gotten more challenging and also harder for some EAs to market their software without these sorts of pitch web pages.
It is commonly the situation with electronic products and also or/stuff you can get online. When it involves these make-money-online as well as iq option sign in sites they commonly have a lot of flash to them and also clearly several points to attract clients in. In truth it is very little various from any type of various other type of marketing, most definitely not the similarity gambling, and so forth. They require having some type of charm and being competitive. My conclusion is that even if it looks like maybe a scam, do your homework anyway and it might not be. It just depends. Some things are indicators, but in my viewpoint website design and also difficult selling are not direct indicators of a fraud. In the Foreign exchange Market something to wish for would be graphs and proof. When it come to the surveys and also other points, it totals up to submitting spam for cents virtually, information entry is the same as well as a lot more irritating than also the most hopeless recognize. It likewise makes you look poor if you tell your friends.


US: Will Donald Trump Follow Maduro's Path?
Washington could be hurtling toward a Venezuela-style disaster, thanks to the utter disregard Donald Trump has for any rules of democracy.
Why is Greece supporting a dictatorship in Venezuela that is as bad as the Colonels' Junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974?
Venezuela's "Bolivarian Revolution" has been an even more pronounced failure under Maduro than under Chavez.
Can Pope Francis save Venezuela's soul?


text:
Q: корзина в telegram bot Я пишу бота в телеграмме, суть такова, пользователь имеет возможность ознакомиться с меню кафе и выбрать нужный товар, сам товар делится на категории при выборе вся информация должна упасть в корзину. Проблема следующая, я не знаю как это реализовать. Пример из кода:
public void shavermaBurrito(final long chat_id) {
    SendMessage message = new SendMessage().setChatId(chat_id).setText(getAnswer("shaverma.burrito"));
    List<List<InlineKeyboardButton>> rowsInline = new ArrayList<>();
    List<InlineKeyboardButton> rowInline = new ArrayList<>();
    rowInline.add(new InlineKeyboardButton().setText(getAnswer("shaverma.burrito.chicken")).setCallbackData("update_msg_text"));
    rowsInline.add(rowInline);
    rowInline = new ArrayList<>();
    rowInline.add(new InlineKeyboardButton().setText(getAnswer("shaverma.burrito.beef")).setCallbackData("update_msg_text"));
    rowsInline.add(rowInline);
    rowInline = new ArrayList<>();
    rowInline.add(new InlineKeyboardButton().setText(getAnswer("shaverma.burrito.vension")).setCallbackData("update_msg_text"));
    rowsInline.add(rowInline);
    rowInline = new ArrayList<>();
    rowInline.add(new InlineKeyboardButton().setText("Корзина").setCallbackData("update_msg_text"));
    rowsInline.add(rowInline);
    markupInline.setKeyboard(rowsInline);
    message.setReplyMarkup(markupInline);
    try {
        execute(message);
    } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

В самом телеграмме это выглядит так:

Я хочу, что бы, при нажатии на кнопку например "С курицей 210 руб." товар попадал в корзину. И тут у меня затык. Как это реализовать?

A: Как вариант - использовать базы данных.
Для своих проектов я использую Hibernate + MySQL.
Пример реализации корзины с помощью БД:

Логика:
Есть таблица User и есть Product. Теперь мы создаем таблицу ShoppingCart, куда будут записываться все покупки. Одна строчка ShoppingCart - это одна корзина у одного юзера. Как тогда записать список продуктов в данную строчку? С помощью ProductList! Создаем в ProductList 2 колонки, где левая часть ShoppingCart_id, а правая - Product_id.
Как добавлять продукты в таблицу?
Честно, я не знаю. Но как идея: проверяем, что существует корзина в ShoppingCart. Если есть - берем id ShoppingCart, берем id Product и записываем в ProductList. Если нету ShoppingCart - создаем новую строчку в SC и пишем нужные нам данные: user_id, address и т.д.
Что добавить в Телеграме?
Как вариант, в callBackData записывать ID продукта. При проверки callBack в onUpdateReceived(Update update) сделать if-statement
String callData = update.getCallbackQuery().getData();
if(callData.startWith("product"){
  Long id = Long.valueOf(calldata.split("&")[1]);
}

Еще один пример:
rowInline.add(new InlineKeyboardButton().setText(getAnswer("shaverma.burrito.beef")).setCallbackData("product&1"));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BEYOND THE SCORES
Best in class: Cary earns high honor for Malone University
Malone University sports information
Cary named G-MAC Male Scholar-Athlete of the Year
Became first Malone student-athlete to earn Academic All-America honors in two sports
Was first Malone football player named a first team Academic All-American
LOUDONVILLE – In terms of personal accomplishments, Austin Cary couldn't have scripted a better senior year at Malone University.
The News Journal's 2013 Male Scholar-Athlete of the Year from Loudonville High School didn't skip a beat at the next level. To cap his college career, he was recently named the 2016-17 Great Midwest Athletic Conference Male Scholar-Athlete of the Year.
The award is voted upon by athletic department administrators from the league's member schools and recognizes one male graduating senior who has compiled the most outstanding record in athletics, scholarship and leadership.
"Austin is a winner in everything he does," Malone football coach Fred Thomas said. "In the classroom, on the field or in any setting, he is a winner. Austin is a fine example of what a student-athlete is supposed to be and we are extremely proud of all he has accomplished."
Cary put together an outstanding senior year as a defensive lineman for the football team and as a thrower for the track and field team.
On the football field, Cary was named Great Midwest All-Conference after registering 47 tackles and a team-high five sacks. He concluded his stellar four-year Malone football career with 126 total tackles and 11 sacks.
The senior also excelled in 2017 in his first year of collegiate track and field competition. During the indoor season, Cary helped the men's team secure the Great Midwest Championship by claiming the individual weight throw title with a G-MAC indoor meet record toss of 49-7. Then at the conference's outdoor meet, Cary placed fifth in both the discus and the hammer throw events as the Malone men finished runner-up in the final team standings.
As impressive as his athletic accomplishments were over the span of his career, Cary achieved as much, if not more, in the classroom. He graduated in the spring with an impressive 3.838 cumulative grade point average as a biology major.
In November, Cary became the first Malone football player to earn NCAA Division II first team Academic All-America recognition. Then in June, he received the prestigious distinction again in track & field, becoming the first Malone student-athlete to receive NCAA Academic All-America recognition in two different sport categories.
The Academic All-American teams, selected by members of the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA), recognize the nation's top student-athletes. Nominees for the award must be a starter or important reserve, possess at least a 3.30 cumulative grade-point average (on a 4.00 scale), and have achieved at least sophomore academic status.
Cary was third team in track and field and was among just 45 men's track & field and cross country student-athletes to receive the Academic All-America honor from the over 300 NCAA Division II colleges and universities across the nation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


•	Saffiano Leather with gold tone hardware.
•	Approximate measurement: 7. W x H x D.
•	Interior:1 middle zipper compartment, 12 credit card slots, 3 full length bill compartments, and 2 multifunctional pockets.


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Home crime Papa John's pizza delivery driver shoots back at 2 robbers, killing one,...
Papa John's pizza delivery driver shoots back at 2 robbers, killing one, sending one to hospital.
DALLAS, TX,USA -On Tuesday at around 10:00 p.m. three 15-year-old suspects tried to rob a Papa John's pizza delivery driver at gunpoint in Northeast Dallas. The driver, a licensed carrier, shot back in self defence, killing one and leaving the other with critical injuries.
The attack took place in the 8100 block of Southwestern Boulevard near Greenville Avenue. The surviving would-be robber was taken into custody on a charge of aggravated robbery. He was taken to hospital for treatment but his identity was not released.
Luckily the driver was uninjured and after being interviewed, the police released him. The case will now go to a Grand Jury for a review of the drivers action.
This was the second incident where a delivery driver was attacked in Northeast Dallas this week. On Monday, another driver was shot repeatedly at the Pearl at Midtown apartments when he delivered food. The suspect was arrested at the scene and the driver is expected to recover.
Previous articleIllegal immigrant previously deported for raping a child enters US illegally again, murders mother of 3 in front of her kids.
Next articlePapa Bless.You can now buy pizza scented wrapping paper at Papa John's.
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It seems that the credits kept on coming. This time the 2019 Blog – a blog described as "Every Students Guide to the Real World" published an article entitled: 3 Insanely Attention Grabbing & Creative Resumes and I was incredibly honoured to have my Google inspired interactive CV featured on it. Clearly these publishers have great taste in design, as is evident by the other choices in this article. Here's an excerpt of where I featured, just in case you're too busy (or lazy) to read the whole post. And if you are interested in reading the entire post, go ahead. Feel free to download a copy of my CV, to see why 2019 featured it.


Inspired by vintage designs, the Welcome Medium shoulder bag – a new addition to the Dolce & Gabbana family – celebrates individuality in the fashion house's quintessentially glamorous manner. Crafted in Italy from textured calf leather in white and light pink with black edges, the structured style is printed with painterly roses: a brand signature. Carry yours by the top handles, or sling the detachable strap over your shoulder to go hands-free.


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Q: What causes the residual magnetic flux when the current is zero in an inductor hysteresis curve? An inductor with hysteresis has the following current versus flux curve:

I marked the point in red where the current is reduced to zero but there is still flux on the above curve.
What really causes this permanent magnet like magnetic flux in the absence of any current?

A: The easy answer is that it's the residual magnetism in the core (that graph refers to an inductor with a magnetic core).
It's the level of this residual that makes the difference between magnetically 'soft' materials that are used for inductor cores, where this residual should be as small as possible, ideally zero, and 'magnets', magnetically hard materials that retain a large field in the absence of external field. There's a lot of materials engineering goes making the former softer and the latter harder, annealing, alloying, heat treatment etc etc.
The Ferromagnetism article in Wikipedia gives a thorough if somewhat dry overview of what's going on.
The problem with your question is the word 'really'. There are several explanations at different levels for what causes magnetic materials to exhibit magnetism in the first place, and residual magnetism as per your question. You might talk about domains, or polarisation, or go all the way down to quantum mechanics, and if we knew what was below that (if anything), then we could go there as well. If you're happy with a reality based on one of those, then that should suffice. However some people want a more philosophical answer, and physics doesn't do that.

A: Without getting into deep physics or math, consider that the molecules of an iron rod have magnetic moments (are magnetic domains) that are magnetically at random orientations. Initially, you would not measure an external magnetic field. However, when an electrified coil surrounds the rod the small magnetic field of the coil "induces" the magnetic domains to align in a common alignment thus greatly increasing the magnetic field around the rod. The domains themselves are the source of the strong magnetism; not the coil itself. Now, when the coil or its current is removed, the domains largely return to a random orientation but not all of them (depending upon the hardness of the iron). Therefore, there remains the residual magnetism.


Dollhouses Be Damned: This is Roominate!
Dollhouses can be so drab. You go to the store looking for a dollhouse, and none of them resonate with your daughter, because they're all, well, the same. Same middle-class exterior, same floor plan, same furnishings. Same, same, same. What happens to these toy companies, the ones that offer such interesting toys in other departments, when it comes to designing doll houses? It's as if none of the higher-ups have little girls, creative spirits or minds of their own.
Worse yet, dollhouses aren't typically made for geeks. Stuck somewhere between the '50s homemaker aesthetic and Malibu Barbie, dollhouses seem to be marketed to lame-o parents rather than their modern kids. So what can an alternative parent do? You could try making one, but unless you've got a lot of patience, the right tools, the spare time and know-how to make it work, you're looking at possibly the scrubbiest dollhouse in recent memory. No, what you need is a way to let your kids imagine their own custom dollhouse, one that stimulates the kind of play that is unique to their personality.
Roominate does this quite well. Roominate is a wired dollhouse kit with which your child can build the perfect dollhouse to fit her style. Every kit comes with four walls and floor panels, 24 modular building pieces (for making furniture and objects), 16 connector pieces (to help assemble it), and a circuit pack (because tech makes a better dollhouse). There are also plenty of decorations. Add all this to your kid's imagination, and she will be able to create a personalized masterpiece.
The beauty of Roominate is that the child builds from the ground up in any way she chooses. This toy might even work for an open-minded boy, who sees a dollhouse more as a dwelling than a place to put a bunch of girlie stuff. So kudos to the minds behind Roominate for looking beyond what's expected and offering something diverse, new and inspiring for girls and boys alike.


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5 Must See Viral Videos: October 9, 2015
By Allison Sonfist	• Published at 10:16 am on October 9, 2015
From Matt Noyes riding on an elephant to an extremely unusual birthday gift, you won't want to miss these top 5 viral videos of the day for October 9, 2015.
#1: Our chief meteorologist takes a break from weather coverage to enjoy the fair!
Grace Rett 1 min ago
Wake, Funeral Set for Holy Cross Rower Who Died in Fla. Crash
Massachusetts 2 hours ago
Gov. Baker Set to Deliver State of the State Address Tuesday
#2: Happy Birthday to our other meteorologist Michael Page!
#3: This was the scene after a driver lost control and drove into a crowd.
#4: A woman took a sharp turn, causing her to fall out of her seat.
#5: A motorcyclist is hospitalized after catching on fire at a gas station. We're sending him well wishes.


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Up Close and Personal with Frontier Ruckus: The Living Room Show
The twang of the banjo, hot cider steaming on the stove, Girl Scout cookies laid in perfect circles, and the distant memories of summer as the warm melodies fill the room, all of which were part of the experience that is the Frontier Ruckus Living Room Show. Maybe not every show will have the Girl Scout Cookies or Hot Cider per se, but the memories will be everlasting and definitely unforgettable. Not only was the living room show extremely up close and personal, but it also bordered a line where we were all so close any one of us could reach out and touch the band members themselves if so desired.
The show itself was intimate to say the least, about 50 or so of us had jammed into the living room, and each of us wondering who the other was due to the fact none of us knew a single soul. This also stunned the owner of the house who made an effort to learn everyone's name that she didn't know, although that was a struggle in itself because she only knew her roommate at the time. I think that's what made this event so special, people from different backgrounds and ages being brought into a home that would be so welcoming to let us sit in their living room and enjoy the sounds of Frontier Ruckus.
The intimacy factor didn't just stop between the attendees themselves but also occurred between the band members and their very attentive listeners. In between the two sets, the band members of Frontier Ruckus actually took a chance to get to know the people that admired their music and came to support them in this once in a life time chance to see them up close and personal. The time between sets was used to not only freshen up their drinks, but also talk to the people that were so awe-inspired and excited to be there. I watched as groups of people surrounded the band members and each one of them received responses to their many questions no matter how long it took to answer them. To the band itself didn't seem to be bothered by the questions, but longed to engage the crowd even more by encouraging us all to least participate in the long "Oh" in "Dark Autumn Hour." In harmony, all of the "OH's" mashed together to fit the performance creating an environment that would be hard to recreate with a larger venue.
This concert also allowed us all to see into the eyes of Frontier Ruckus. Each song had it's own little intro of where it originated from as well as what the story was behind it. All of which was extremely interesting, songs that were about finding secret stashes behind Taco Bell, confusing three-way relationships, and the memories of that first car that you can't forget. What also became intriguing was that each attendee there also had their own story, each one of them more interesting than the last. Many of them were musicians themselves, some of which I noticed were so inspired by the dancing rhythms of Frontier Ruckus that they themselves had to pull out a pen and paper to just write their own ideas down.
Overall, the experience itself was memorable and very enjoyable. In such small venues such as this one it's interesting to see the true colors of bands when only surrounded by about 50 of their fans. The unique part about this was not about how small of a venue it was, but how many people could come together for one night to enjoy the sounds of Frontier Ruckus. Looking back, it was an interesting sight when the band members themselves were enjoying the beverages, speaking to everyone, and even taking pictures with the die hard fans who knew this would be their only chance to get a snapshot of the miraculous event. At the end of the night, I did manage to pull out a few bucks to not only get a sticker from the band but also a band tee that is quite fashionable in itself. My advice is that if Frontier Ruckus is ever in your living room, be sure to get to know them, who they are, or even share a story about your trips to Taco Bell, interesting three-way relationships, and those memories of your first car, because they're here for you and they want to get to know their fans just as much as you want to get to know them too.
Written by Sami Leonardo


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Bi-directional level shifter for I²C-bus and other systems. - PDF
APPLICATION NOTE Bi-directional level shifter for I²C-bus and other Abstract With a single MOS-FET a bi-directional level shifter circuit can be realised to connect devices with different supply voltages
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APPLICATION NOTE Bi-directional level shifter for I²C-bus and other Abstract With a single MOS-FET a bi-directional level shifter circuit can be realised to connect devices with different supply voltages of e.g. 5 Volt and 3.3 Volt to one I2C-bus system. The level shifter can also isolate a bus section of powered-down devices from the I2C-bus, allowing the powered part of the I2C-bus to operate in a normal way. The level shifter can also be used in other bus systems or point to point connections for level shifting and/or isolation. Purchase of Philips I 2 C components conveys a license under the I 2 C patent to use the components in the I 2 C system, provided the system conforms to the I 2 C specifications defined by Philips. Philips Electronics N.V All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. 2 APPLICATION NOTE Bi-directional level shifter for I²C-bus and other Author: Herman Schutte Philips Semiconductors Systems Laboratory Eindhoven, The Netherlands Keywords Level shifter, bi-directional, I²C-bus, gate way, power-off, protection. Number of pages: 16 Date: Summary Present technologies for integrated circuit with clearances of 0.5 µm and less, limit the maximum supply voltage and consequently the logic levels for the digital I/O signals. To interface these lower voltage circuits with existing 5 Volt devices a level shifter is needed. For bi-directional bus systems as e.g. the I 2 C-bus, such a level shifter must be bi-directional, without the need of a direction control signal. With only one appropriate MOS-FET for each bus line the desired level shifting with automatic direction control can be done. The levels may have a vast range, depending on the used MOS-FET, e.g. down to 2 Volt at the Lower voltage side and up to 10 Volt or more at the Higher voltage side of the level shifter. An additional function of the level shifter is that it can isolate a powered-down section in a bus system, without obstructing the powered part. Another feature is the protection of the Lower voltage section against high voltage spikes at the Higher voltage section, as long as the MOS-FET can withstand this spikes. 4 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION References World Wide Web INTERCONNECTION OF DEVICES WITH DIFFERENT LOGIC LEVELS Logic levels of the I 2 C-bus I 2 C-bus devices with different supply voltages and 5V tolerant I/O s Devices with different logic levels connected via the bi-directional level shifter Description of the level shift operation Protection of the Lower voltage section against high voltage spikes The level shifter used in point to point connections Isolation of the powered-down Lower voltage section Extended circuit for isolation of the powered-down higher voltage section CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOS-FET S WAVE FORMS OF THE LOGIC LEVELS Shifting from a 3V to a 5V level Shifting from a 5V to a 3V level Wave forms when a bus section is powered-down 6 1. INTRODUCTION The I 2 C-bus has been introduced in 1980 by Philips, and has become a de-facto world standard. More than 1000 different IC devices have been provided with an I 2 C-bus interface, most of them having a 5 Volt supply voltage and corresponding logic I/O levels. These 5 Volt devices can be interconnected to an I 2 C-bus system without any glue logic. Present technology processes for integrated circuits with clearances of 0.5 µm and less, limit the maximum supply voltage to 3.3 Volt and in the near future to 2 Volt and less. Also the I/O signals have this limitation, so there is a problem to interconnect them with existing 5 Volt devices. The same problem will exist in the future to interconnect e.g. 3.3 Volt devices and 2 Volt devices. One solution for this problem is the use of 5 Volt tolerant I/O s. Most present IC technology processes have a high voltage option to make I/O signals 5V tolerant. This gives the possibility to connect lower voltage devices to 5 Volt devices or to 5 Volt bus The disadvantage of this 5 Volt option is that it requires more masks and process steps in the IC manufacturing, which makes the IC devices significantly more expensive. Another solution is the use of external level shifters. In the different logic families level shifters are available, most of them for one direction, which cannot be used in a bi-directional bus system. The bi-directional level shifters in these families require a direction control signal, which is not available in a serial bus system, so these level shifters are not applicable. The bi-directional level shifter circuit described in this application note consists of one discrete MOS-FET for each bus line. In spite of its surprising simplicity, it not only fulfils the requirement of bi-directional level shifting without a direction control signal, but it also has the next additional features: - isolating of a powered-down bus section from the rest of the bus system, - protection of the Lower voltage side against high voltage spikes at the Higher voltage side. The bi-directional level shifter can be used in standard mode ( 0 to 100 kbit/s) or in fast mode (0 to 400 kbit/s) I 2 C-bus systems, without any change. The following description apply for both modes. 1.1 References. Useful references for I 2 C-bus related documentation: ordering inf. The I 2 C-bus and how to use it. (including specification) I 2 C Peripherals, DATA HANDBOOK IC12 (includes I 2 C-bus spec.) s and Development Tools for 80C51 Microcontrollers (includes I 2 C-bus application notes, articles and I 2 C-bus spec.) 1.2 World Wide Web. Internet access for Philips Semiconductors: 7 2. INTERCONNECTION OF DEVICES WITH DIFFERENT LOGIC LEVELS. 2.1 Logic levels of the I 2 C-bus. An overview of the different logic levels, used in I 2 C-bus systems, is given below. The I 2 C-bus specifies two types of logic levels: a) fixed levels, b) supply voltage related levels. a) The fixed levels are intended for non-cmos devices and/or devices with higher supply voltages than 5 Volt, e.g. 12 Volt. The I/O levels for fixed level devices are: LOW level input voltage V IL min. -0.5V max. 1.5V HIGH level input voltage V IH min. 3.0V max. V DDmax +0.5V LOW level output voltage V OL1 min. 0V max. 0.4V HIGH level output voltage V OH open drain output, determined by V DD via an external pull-up resistor. b) The supply voltage related levels are intended for CMOS devices and/or devices with supply voltages of 5V or lower. Their I/O levels are: LOW level input voltage V IL min. -0.5V max. 0.3V DD HIGH level input voltage V IH min. 0.7V DD max. V DDmax +0.5V LOW level output voltage V OL1 min. 0V max. 0.4V HIGH level output voltage V OH open drain output, determined by V DD via an external pull-up resistor. The logic levels of the bus lines depends on the pull-up resistors to V DD, leakage current and, if present, series resistors to the I/O pins of the devices. Their values must be chosen in such a way that during the LOW level a minimum noise margin of 0.1 V DD is present and 0.2 V DD during the HIGH level. 8 2.2 I 2 C-bus devices with different supply voltages and 5V tolerant I/O s. From the listed values in 2.1 can be concluded that fixed level devices and 5V supply voltage related devices can be connected directly to the same bus lines, without additional components. Also 3.3V supply voltage related devices can be connected directly to these bus lines as long as they have 5V tolerant I/O pins, because the pull-up resistors have to be connected to the 5V supply voltage (see Figure 1). VDD= 5V SDA SCL 3.3V device (5V tolerant) 3.3V device (5V tolerant) 5V device 5V device Figure 1. I 2 C-bus system with 3.3V devices (5V tolerant) and 5V devices, all connected to the same bus lines. This is the most simple solution, but the lower voltage devices must be 5 Volt tolerant, which may make them more expensive to manufacture. Lower voltage devices with a supply voltage as low as 2 Volt still meet the I 2 C- bus specification and can be connected to the bus system of Figure 1. If devices with a supply voltage lower than 2.7 Volt are connected via series resistors to the bus lines, then attention must be paid to meet the 0.1 V DD noise margin during the LOW level, required by the I 2 C-bus specification. The required 0.2 V DD noise margin during the HIGH level does not depend on the supply voltage. Devices with a supply voltage lower than 2 Volt do not meet the noise margin requirement of 0.1 V DD because the LOW level on the bus lines is 0.4V and their input level of 0.3 V DD is less than 0.6V. This will be solved in the next update of the I 2 C-bus specification. 9 2.3 Devices with different logic levels connected via the bi-directional level shifter. The bi-directional level shifter is used to interconnect two sections of an I 2 C-bus system, each section with a different supply voltage and different logic levels. In the bus system of Figure 2 the left section has pull-up resistors and devices connected to a 3.3 Volt supply voltage, the right section has pull-up resistors and devices connected to a 5 Volt supply voltage. The devices of each section have I/O s with supply voltage related logic input levels and an open drain output configuration. VDD1= 3.3 V SDA1 SCL1 s g T1 s d g T2 d VDD2= 5V SDA2 SCL2 3.3 V device 3.3 V device 5 V device 5 V device Lower voltage section Higher voltage section Figure 2. Bi-directional level shifter circuit connects two different voltage sections of an I 2 C-bus system. The level shifter for each bus line is identical and consists of one discrete N-channel enhancement MOS-FET, T1 for the serial data line SDA and T2 for the serial clock line SCL. The gates (g) has to be connected to the lowest supply voltage VDD1, the sources (s) to the bus lines of the Lower voltage section, and the drains (d) to the bus lines of the Higher voltage section. Many MOS-FET s have the substrate internally already connected with its source, otherwise it should be done externally. The diode between the drain (d) and substrate is inside the MOS-FET present as n-p junction of drain and substrate Description of the level shift operation. For the level shift operation three states has to be considered: State 1. No device is pulling down the bus line and the bus line of the Lower voltage section is pulled up by its pull-up resistors to 3.3 V. The gate and the source of the MOS-FET are both at 3.3 V, so its V GS is below the threshold voltage and the MOS-FET is not conducting. This allows that the bus line at the Higher voltage section is pulled up by its pull-up resistor to 5V. So the bus lines of both sections are HIGH, but at a different voltage level. State 2. A 3.3 V device pulls down the bus line to a LOW level. The source of the MOS-FET becomes also LOW, while the gate stay at 3.3 V. The V GS rises above the threshold and the MOS-FET becomes conducting. Now the bus line of the Higher voltage section is also pulled down to a LOW level by the 3.3 V device via the conducting MOS-FET. So the bus lines of both sections become LOW at the same voltage level. 10 State 3. A 5 V device pulls down the bus line to a LOW level. Via the drain-substrate diode of the MOS- FET the Lower voltage section is in first instance pulled down until V GS passes the threshold and the MOS-FET becomes conducting. Now the bus line of the Lower voltage section is further pulled down to a LOW level by the 5 V device via the conducting MOS-FET. So the bus lines of both sections become LOW at the same voltage level. The three states show that the logic levels are transferred in both directions of the bus system, independent of the driving section. State 2 and state 3 perform the wired AND function between the bus lines of both sections as required by the I 2 C-bus specification. Other supply voltages than 3.3V for VDD1 and 5V for VDD2 can be applied, e.g. 2V for VDD1 and 10V for VDD2 is feasible. In normal operation VDD2 must be equal to or higher than VDD1. The MOS-FET s allow that VDD2 is lower than VDD1 during switching power on/off, of course the bus system is not operational during that time. The maximum VDD2 is not critical as long as the drain of the MOS-FET can withstand this voltage. At a higher VDD2 a slower falling edge for both bus sections has to be taken in account, both in state 2 and state 3, because it takes more discharge time of the bus line. The lowest possible supply voltage VDD1 depends on the threshold voltage V GS(th) of the MOS-FET s. With a threshold voltage of about 1 Volt below the lowest VDD1, the level shifter circuit will operate properly. If for example the lowest VDD1 is 3 Volt, a threshold voltage V GS(th) of maximum 2 Volt is allowed Protection of the Lower voltage section against high voltage spikes. If an I 2 C-bus system has to be connected with e.g. external bus lines on which high voltage spikes can be expected, the level shifter circuit may be used as protection circuit as long as the drain of the MOS-FET can withstand these high voltage spikes. The Lower voltage section is the protected side, the Higher voltage section the is the side of the external bus lines (see Figure 2). If in this application no level shifting is required, VDD1 and VDD2 can be interconnected The level shifter used in point to point connections. The circuit of figure 2 can also be used as a one-directional level shifter between an output signal and one or more inputs, which have higher or lower logic levels than that output signal. If the output signal is generated by a push-pull stage, then the at the output circuit side, ( Lower voltage or Higher voltage section) can be omitted. The at the input circuit(s) side remains needed. The protection and isolation features, described in and also apply here Isolation of the powered-down Lower voltage section. An additional feature of the level shifter circuit in figure 2 is the isolation of the Lower voltage section when VDD1 is switched off. In that case VDD1 is about 0 Volt and the MOS-FET s are switched off because V GS is below the threshold voltage. The Higher voltage section is not hindered and stays operational. To assure a noise margin, the MOS-FET s should have a minimum threshold voltage V GS(th) of e.g. 0.4V and VDD1 must stay below this value. The isolation feature can also be applied if no level shifting is required, VDD1 and VDD2 may have the same value, e.g. both 3.3V or both 5V. 11 2.3.5 Extended circuit for isolation of the powered-down higher voltage section. If it is necessary to isolate also the Higher voltage section when it is powered off, then the level shifter circuit can be extended as shown in figure 3. VDD1= 3.3 V VDD3 VDD2= 5V SDA1 s g T1 d d g T3 s SDA2 SCL1 s g T2 d d g T4 s SCL2 3.3 V device 3.3 V device 5 V device 5 V device Lower voltage section Figure 3. I 2 C-bus system in which the Higher voltage section is isolated at power-off. Higher voltage section If VDD2 is switched-off then T3 and T4 becomes not conducting and the Higher voltage section is isolated from the other part of the bus system. The pull-up resistors to VDD3 are not necessary for the proper operation and may have a high resistance value, they can be added to prevent the MOS-FET drains become floating at a HIGH level. VDD3 is preferably connected to the highest supply voltage. If VDD3 has a lower value, then care must be taken that the logic HIGH levels of the bus lines are not decreased too much. The Lower voltage section is isolated if VDD1 is switched off, in the same way as in Figure 2 and described in 2.3.4, but now independent of the value of VDD2. Because this level shifter circuit is symmetrical, the Lower voltage section and Higher voltage section can be chosen arbitrary at the left or right side in figure 3. Even more sections with a higher, a lower or a same supply voltage value can be added by connecting these sections via additional MOS-FET s to the common drain terminals (d) in the same way as the other sections in Figure 3. Every section is isolated from the rest of the bus system when its supply voltage is switched off, while level shifting between all other sections remain operational. 12 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOS-FET S. The requirements for the most important characteristics of the MOS-FET s, used as bi-directional level shifter in an I 2 C-bus system with max. 6V and min. 2.7V levels, are listed below. The values are intended as an indication and may be adapted for other supply voltages, other logic levels and/or other applications. Type : N-channel enhancement mode MOS-FET. Gate threshold voltage : V GS(th) min. 0.1V max. 2V On resistance : R DS(on) max. 100 I D = 3mA, V GS = 2.5V Input capacitance : C iss max. 100 V DS = 1V, V GS = 0V Switching times : t on t off max. 50 ns. Allowed drain current : I D 10 ma or higher. Values of pull-up resistors and series resistors are not given here, they depend on the worst case values of the supply voltages and logic levels, length and load of the bus lines, and the requirements for rise and fall times. These resistors have to be calculated for each bus system separately. A good approach for the calculation is to keep the RC values for the different sections about the same, it gives the best timing tolerances for set-up and hold times. MOS-FET s in table 1 are suitable to be used as level shifter. See Philips Data Handbook SC07 for their full specification. BSN10 or BSN20 are low cost devices and have good properties for 3V/5V level shifting, isolation and protection. TABLE 1 TYPE V GS(th) R DS(on) C iss Package BSN10 min. 0.4V max. 1.8V 25 Ohm (typ) 15 pf TO-92 BSN20 min. 0.4V max. 1.8V 25 Ohm (typ) 15 pf SOT23 BSS83 min. 0.1V max. 2.0V 70 Ohm (typ) 1.5 pf (typ) SOT143 BSS88 min. 0.4V max. 1.2V 15 Ohm 50 pf (typ) TO-92 13 4. WAVE FORMS OF THE LOGIC LEVELS. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the wave forms of the logic levels of an implementation according Figure 2. Figure 9 shows the wave forms of the implementation according figure 3. T1, T2, T3 and T4 are MOS-FET s type BSN10. The Lower voltage section has an of 3k3 Ω and a bus line capacitance of 50 pf. The Higher voltage section 4K7 Ω and 30 pf. Only the wave forms of the SCL lines are shown. The driving devices have slope controlled outputs for the falling edges with a fall time of 50 ns. 4.1 Shifting from a 3V to a 5V level. 5 V SCL2 5 V SCL2 3 V SCL1 3 V SCL1 0 V 0 V Figure 4. Figure 5. Shifting from a 3V to a 5V level (200 ns/div). Enlarged falling edge of fig. 4 (25 ns/div). Figure 4 shows the level shifting from a Lower level to a Higher level section at 200 ns/div. time scale. A 3V device drives the SCL1 line and this wave form is shifted upwards to a 5 Volt wave form at SCL2. At about 2 Volt on the rising edge, the MOS-FET is switched off and each section rises smoothly with its own curve to its end value. Figure 5 gives an enlarged view of the falling edges at 25 ns/div. time scale. At about 2 Volt on the falling edge of SCL1, the MOS-FET becomes conducting and interconnects both bus line sections. It takes about 25 ns (between 100 and 125 ns of the time scale) to discharge SCL2 to the same voltage level of SCL1, showing an increase of the fall time of SCL1, but far within the 300 ns requirement of the I 2 C-bus specification. Afterwards both lines SCL1 and SCL2 are pulled LOW together smoothly. Capacitive coupling via the MOS-FET between SCL1 and SCL2 shows some minor effect on the curves: - a small overshoot of SCL1 during the rising edge of SCL2 (Figure 4), - the first slow part of the falling edge of SCL2 due to the falling edge of SCL1 (Figure 5). 14 4.2 Shifting from a 5V
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text:
PRELATE'S ABDUCTION AND THE NIGERIA PENTECOST SUNDAY MASSACRE: "DEATH HAS COME TO REVEAL THE FAITH."
Posted by Deji Okegbile | Jun 11, 2022 | General and Ecumenism, Missions and Evangelism, Nations | 4 |
The Nigeria purported amalgamation in 1914,[1] only about a decade after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate was a compromise of the Colonial rule founded on the spread of Islam. The affirmative Yes answer to Miller, Walter's book, Have We Failed in Nigeria? reminds us of the weighty charges against the Colonial rule. The Colonial "Nigeria" is 'a land where many material advances have been made, but where the intangible things of the Spirit, both personal and political are almost entirely absent.'[2] The failure of the Colonial government is about accepting 'the full responsibility of taking on the government of 22 million people, the absence of any positive social philosophy and, in its place, the paralysing effect of a fossilised Indirect rule, which bolsters incompetent chiefs, leaves things as they are economically (where there is not a definite recession in individual prosperity), and in general is the enemy of true Home Rule.' Indeed, the fossilised Indirect Rule was based on the representative village council that owes much to the Soviet.
The Colonial rule not only assisted a steady expansion of Islam, using the words of Professor Andrew Walls, the Colonial rule brought into being 'a country where Arab Islamic rule was secured over peoples who were neither Arab nor Islamic. After independence, the cry "One nation, one faith" helped to consolidate that rule and to restrict or force out Christian missions.'[3] A major Islamic uprising in 1980 led by Maitatsine and his followers revealed an upsurge in violence and how "Death has come to reveal the faith" that led to several thousands deaths, kidnapping and banditry. In the same decade, the military ruler of Nigeria, General Ibrahim Babangida enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. This act indeed aggravated religious tensions and how "Death has come to reveal the faith" in Nigeria, particularly among the Christian community.[4] Since the return of democracy to Nigeria in 1999, Sharia was instituted as a main body of civil and criminal law in 9 Muslim-majority and in some parts of 3 Muslim-plurality states. Some Northern state governor instituted Sharia at the state level of government. The death, violence, banditry and kidnapping remains unabated till date. The 1991 attempted crusade by the late German evangelist Reinhard Bonnke led to a religious riots and death of many people.
The Islamist movement, Boko Haram shaped by 'nihilistic terrorist ideology and murderous methods' since 2009 continue to fight 'an armed rebellion against the Nigerian military, sacking villages and towns and taking thousands of lives in battles and massacres against Christians, students and others deemed enemies of Islam.' I wrote in one of my publications about the activities of Boko Haram insurgents in Northern Nigeria and its ideology that 'is more or less what is called the terrorist narrative shaped by the writings of Islamists like the Egyptian militant Sayyid Qutb that ignores the authoritative mainstream views of the Islamic world. The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) have also crafted an ideology shaped by the terrorist narratives which is sharply at variance with Islam's emphatic renunciation of aggression and violence. The argument is that Islam is under attack from the West and that the only way to unify the Islamic world which is divided is by eliminating all Western influence vehemently especially in Nigeria. The aim is to pursue with total commitment as a religious duty, hence, slaughtering of innocent people has become the order of the day'[5] in Nigeria. "Death has come to reveal the faith" in Nigeria as 'the terrorist narrative does still seem to strike a chord in many Muslim communities and its does win recruits,' coupled with the poverty ravaging most of our communities.
The Editorial of the Anglican and Episcopal History by Grant LeMarquand titled "Death has come to reveal the faith" goes beyond studies and stories of Sudan Anglicanism.[6] LeMarquand's Editorial resonates with the Nigeria Pentecost Sunday massacre and backdrop of conflict and opposition from Islam. The Editorial revealed the effect of Colonial rule on the spread of Islam. Professor Andrew Walls in one of his books, said "Colonial rule did more for the spread of Islam than all the jihads and nowhere has this been more true than in Sudan.'[7] Since 2017 when Walls' book was published, the conflict, the massacre, and opposition from Islam has been truer in Nigeria than in Sudan, Egypt and others places. Nigeria continue to suffer more appalling violence, banditry, kidnapping than most countries could bear almost unremittingly from 1953 until the present. The religious violence in Nigeria is dominated by the Boko Haram insurgency, which aims to establish an Islamic state in Nigeria. The appalling violence from the Islamic jihadists has seen a whole community uprooted from their land and their way of life and the farming that supported that way of life destroyed.
Beyond the effects of the Islamic-shaped Nigeria amalgamation, it is not in doubt that the Nigerian Church is in the midst of a dynamic revival. This is the Lord's doing and it is marvellous in our eyes. For the Nigerian Church, a self-governing, self-propagating, self-financing, and bible based self-theologising, "Salvation has come to reveal the faith." The amazing success of Christianity in modern Nigeria and its unmatched rise since Nigerian independence in 1960 is not without its sad failures. Gary Maxey and Peter Ozodo in their co-authorship of the book, The Seduction of the Nigerian Church provide a very helpful brilliant success of the Nigerian Church. According to them, 'the excitement of Nigerian worship is unforgettable. The joy displayed by Nigerian believers is unmistakable. The level of commitment to the Church as well as the sheer number of those engaged is amazingly high. Open display of Christian witness is always impressive.'[8] Gary and Ozodo explained that the Nigerian 'Christian growth is all the more impressive because it is against the backdrop of conflict and opposition from Islam, in a country that is split roughly 50/50 between two religions. In recent years Christian martyrdom has been higher in Nigeria than in any other nation in the world, including in the more widely publicised Middle East religious conflicts. Open Door USA reported that although Pakistan had more anti-Christian violence than Nigeria in 2016, the killing of Christians in Nigeria increased by 62 percent that year. Yet in spite of the persecution, the Nigerian Church continues to expand.'[9]
Since the emergence of Methodist Church Nigeria, the first modern denominational church in Nigeria in September 24th, 1842, the growth of Christianity in modern Nigeria has continued to accelerate steadily. The development of indigenous leadership continue to provide missional growth and direction in evangelism and missions. The 'political independence from British rule largely coincided with the handing over of the church leadership to Nigerians and also with the outbreak of the greatest revival Nigeria has ever known.'[10] The challenge is that, the Islamic assaults on Nigeria's Christian community remains unabated, "Death has come to reveal the faith." Nigerian Christian community continue to suffer so much in order simply to live out their faith. The latest assaults on Nigeria's Christian leaders and community says it all, "Death has come to reveal the faith." The abduction of the Prelate, Methodist Church Nigeria, His Eminence Samuel Chukwuemeka Kanu Uche, his Chaplain, Very Rev Jeremiah Shittu and Methodist Bishop of Owerri, Rt Rev Dennis Mark shows that the 'gun-toting kidnappers are running riot across the country without respect for rank or calling … dragging the clerics in their hallowed cassocks into the thick forest.'[11] Indeed, "Death has come to reveal the faith," there is trouble in the land, 'after threats and torture, they did not release their victims until N100 million was raised and delivered in jute (Ghana-must-go) bags.'
Beyond 'the bounds of decency, the Nigerian kidnappers (a wide assortment of ruthless criminals ranging from Boko Haram/ISWAP terrorists and their offshoots, their allies, the bandit/terrorists, Fulani herders/militants across the North, "unknown gunmen" in the South-East, criminal gangs in the South-West and South-South, and individuals, including and copycats attracted by the rich takings and capitalising on ineffective law enforcement) ranked eighth in 1999 on the Global Kidnapping Hotspots chart moved to fifth place by 2014 after Mexico, India, Pakistan and Iraq.
The Nigeria Pentecost Church massacre orchestrated by the terrorist atrocity took place at St Francis Xavier Catholic Church, Owo, Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria on Pentecost Sunday June 5th 2022. This massacre, another "Death has come to reveal the faith" is about eliminating Christianity in Nigeria with more 40 death including children. Pentecost Sunday solemn commemoration was turned to a scene of death and the Church violated. Holy Mass was turned to horrific massacre by men of unknown origin, wielding guns at innocent Christian worshippers.
The Owo Pentecost Church gruesome murder, an affirmation of "Death has come to reveal the faith" points to a maturing Nigeria Church. As we grieve and condemn the evil meted on our brothers and sisters who have come to worship God, we declare the Lordship of Jesus Christ and still preach the sacredness of human lives. For a maturing Nigeria Church, we proclaim, "Salvation has come to reveal the faith." As we call for prayer for the nation and most especially for the repose of the souls of those who died and for the quick recovery of those injured, we understand the ongoing age-old satanic schemes. Satan, our archenemy, is relentlessly out to steal, kill, and destroy. The result of the spiritual warfare at the heart of both individual and national affairs reveals "Death has come to reveal the faith." Nigeria is not alone in this satanic deceptions but it is a warning to the Nigerian Church to take heed and not to be 'blind-sided by the intellectual revolution that took place during the eighteenth-century Age of Reason and its aftermath.'[12] Nigeria is missionally crucial in the arena of global Christianity … We are unquestionably on the cutting edge of global Christian growth.'[13]
Pa Sydney. G. Elton who left his native country, England came to Nigeria in March 1937. He said, in the coming revival, "Africa is like a hand gun turned downward; Nigeria is the trigger…"[14] Until his passage in Ilesa in January 13, 1987, Pa Elton's fifty years fruitful ministry in Nigeria concentrated on teaching prophetic truths and he was in partnership with the on-going Oke Oye 1930 Revival in Ilesa led by Apostle Joseph Ayodele Babalola. Among other prophecies of Pa Elton was that 'Nigeria/Nigerians will be known for corruption worldwide but the tide will turn and Nigeria will also be known for righteousness worldwide. Many shall take hold of him that is a Nigerian, saying, we will go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.' Indeed, the tide of corruption, the deadly allure of prosperity, and the "Death has come to reveal the faith" will turn to "Salvation has come to reveal the faith." Nigeria will be known for righteousness and peace worldwide. ARISE AND PRAY.
[1] Miller, Walter R, Have We Failed in Nigeria? (London: Lutterworth Press, 1947), pp. 25-75
[2] Have We Failed in Nigeria? Walter R. Miller with a Foreword by A. G. Fraser 1947(London United Society for Christian Literature, Lutterworth 7½″ × 5″. 156 pp. Illus. 6s.) International Affairs, Volume 23, Issue 4, October 1947, Pages 600–601.
[3] Walls, Andrew, Crossing Cultural Frontiers: Studies in the History of World Christianity (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Book, 2017), p. 89
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria
[5] Okegbile Deji, https://thenationonlineng.net/beyond-boko-haram-countering-greedextremist-ideology/
[6] LeMarquand, Grant, Editorial: "Death has come to reveal the faith," in Anglican and Episcopal History, Vol 71, No 2, Essay on the Anglican Church in the Sudan (June 2002), Historical Society of the Episcopal Church, pp. 147-149
[7] Walls, Crossing Cultural Frontiers:, p. 89
[8] Maxey, Gary, Ozodo, Peter, The Seduction of the Nigerian Church (Lagos: WATS Publications, 2017), pp. 35-44
[9] Maxey, Ozodo, The Seduction of the Nigerian Church, p. 36
[10] Maxey, Ozodo, The Seduction of the Nigerian Church, p. 38
[11] https://punchng.com/methodist-prelate-unravelling-the-kidnap-industry/
[12] Maxey, Ozodo, The Seduction of the Nigerian Church, pp. 72-77
[13] Maxey, Gary, Capturing a Lost Vision: Can Nigeria's Greatest Revival Live Again? (Lagos: WATS Publications, 2016), p.12
[14] http://dejiokegbile.com/remembering-pa-elton/
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Onatuga Samuel Akintunde on 11th June 2022 at 6:18 pm
Eku ise Oluwa
Well done sir ✅
Deji Okegbile on 12th June 2022 at 11:44 pm
Thank you my dear pastor and friend
Tolulope Ayodele Akinwande on 15th June 2022 at 4:11 am
Well done sir. Good to meet you here. You were once in Lagos Government Chapel & was invited to minister in our Church (Anglican Cathedral) in Abeokuta. Your write up on 1 Tim.3:15 led me here. God will bless you and use you all the more in this generation. Amen
Deji Okegbile on 15th June 2022 at 8:09 pm
Good evening beloved. I remember very well. It was during Archbishop Akinde time. My regards to the family.


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Hand-held shirt-pocket portable instrument for quantitative measurement of glucose or analysis in biological fluids. The system accepts a disposable diagnostic reagent test device which has a reagent carrier and mode of identifying to the instrument the reagent lot characteristics. The instrument includes a housing structure having a visual LCD readout, a microprocessor, and photosensing circuitry which measures the change of color of the reagent carrier upon reaction in the reacting chemistry of the disposable test device. The housing also includes a spring arrangement for actuating a disposable lancet into the skin for generating blood. The disposable diagnostic reagent unit includes a configuration for transporting of the blood in the regent unit. The system includes verification and calibration sequences for the electronics, the chemistry of an unused disposable unit, the presence of a blood sample, and the ambient temperature. The system also provides for storing a plurality of analysis readings.


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text:
Goshen man gets prison
Drugs and guns landed a Goshen villager in state prison yesterday, for 5 1/2 to 7 1/2 years.
Shane Miller, 24, was sentenced by Orange County Court Judge Nicholas DeRosa, who imposed consecutive terms for a drugpossession charge and a weaponpossession charge. Miller pleaded guilty to the felonies last year.
He was arrested in August, after village police found dozens of guns, more than 1,000 rounds of ammo and 29 bags of heroin in his home on Middle Street.