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Psyche and Matter (C. G. Jung Foundation Books Series #6) (Paperback)
By Marie-Louise von Franz, Robert Hinshaw (Foreword by)
A Visionary Guide to Lucid Dreaming: Methods for Working with the Deep Dream State (Paperback)
By Lee Adams
The Cloak: An inspirational account of personal transformation (Paperback)
By Virginia Routh Lynch
The Interpretation of Fairy Tales (C. G. Jung Foundation Books Series) (Paperback)
Jung Contra Freud: The 1912 New York Lectures on the Theory of Psychoanalysis (Paperback)
By C. G. Jung, R. F. C. Hull (Translator), Sonu Shamdasani (Introduction by)
Swami Vivekananda and C.G. Jung: Yoga in the West (Paperback)
By Steven Herrmann
Jung, Buddhism, and the Incarnation of Sophia: Unpublished Writings from the Philosopher of the Soul (Paperback)
By Henry Corbin
Mapa del Alma - Persona: NUESTRAS MUCHAS CARAS [Map of the Soul: Persona - Spanish Edition] (Paperback)
By Murray Stein
Psychology and Alchemy (Collected Works of C. G. Jung) (Paperback)
By C. G. Jung
The Feminine Entrapped Within a Fruit: A Jungian Interpretation (Paperback)
By Inácio Cunha
Map of the Soul - 7: Persona, Shadow & Ego in the World of BTS (Paperback)
By Murray Stein, Leonard Cruz (Contribution by), Steven Buser (Contribution by)
Aion: Researches Into the Phenomenology of the Self (Collected Works of C. G. Jung) (Paperback)


PHOTOS: CHALK Campus Tour 2015 At PUP! - MYX | YOUR CHOICE. YOUR MUSIC.
Home Features Photos PHOTOS: CHALK Campus Tour 2015 At PUP!
PHOTOS: CHALK Campus Tour 2015 At PUP!
Chalk's 2015 Campus Tour invaded PUP along with guest speakers Laureen Uy, DJ Chacha, and our very own VJ Tippy Dos Santos! Check out our MYXclusive photos from the event!


Consider yourselves warned...my arms are very white and I am a terrible model. That being said, I am tremendously excited about this tutorial. I LOVE summer and the sun. Therefore I love summer clothes. I have been dreaming up this tube top in my head for weeks now and it has finally materialized. It is really easy and dare I say, really chic.
It was about 39 degrees and windy outside. Yep, I'm that dedicated.
This is just a white interlock knit. Super simple. If you have not sewn with knits before, this is a great place to start. No serger needed (although I dream that I will someday have one for projects like this).
Start by taking your underarm measurement - right at your armpits. Mine was 32.5". Since we want all of the fabric to be gathered...add 12.5" to your measurement, so mine was 45".
For the length of the main piece, I went with 19". However, I have an incredibly long torso, so if you are more average, you may want to go with 17". But go ahead and measure - you will want the top piece to end at the top of the hip...allow 1" total for seam allowance.
So, the first piece = underarm measurement + 12.5" x 17-19"
For the second piece, turn your fabric around and find the direction that does not stretch very much. You want to cut in this direction. In other words, you don't want the piece that sits on your hips to stretch very much so it will hold that nice shape. So, measure well. Take your hip measurement at the widest spot (mine was 34") and add .5" (so my piece was 34.5" long). The width should be 11".
Second piece = hip measurement + 1/2" x 11"
Using the top piece (the large piece) decide which edge is the top and do a zig-zag stitch (or serge) along the top edge.
Now, with right sides facing, line up the edges (side of your top). Stitch all the way from the bottom to top and then finish off with a zig-zag stitch).
Back to the top. Fold over the top edge 1 1/4". Stitch all the way around leaving a 1 1/4" gap to feed your elastic through.
For the elastic, my measurement was 32 1/2" but I don't want my top to fall down in the least bit, so I want my elastic working for me. I cut it at 28" + 1/2" for total seam allowance.
Elastic = underarm measurement - 4"
Using a safety pin, feed the elastic through.
Once you have made it all the way around, stitch the elastic together VERY well.
Now to the smaller piece (bottom of your tube top). With right sides together, stitch the sides from bottom to top. Finish off with a zig-zag stitch.
Turn your machine's tension all the way up and also set your stitch length at the maximum. We are going to gather the bottom edge of the top piece. Do not back stitch here and be sure to leave long threads on either end so that you can alter your gathering, if necessary.
Now you are going to want to play with the gathers a little. Using the threads you left on, pull and stretch until your gathered edge is the same length as the bottom portion of the top (the piece pictured below).
Now stitch all the way around and secure the seam with a zig-zag stitch.
Flip inside out and voila, it's done!
Note: For wearing, I turned the top elastic edge under so it looks a little more sophisticiated, but it looks great either way.
I MUST MAKE ONE (or 12)!!!!!
very, very cute. I, however, would only look like the sta-puff marshmallow girl in one of those! It looks great on you!
very pretty. i think i can find some scrap knit material to give this a try.
cute! I'm totally going to try making this!
OMG! So cute! I might have to dust off my sewing machine and give this a whirl. since I've lost the weight i've fallen in LOVE with tube tops!


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The Sinner: Season Two; USA Series Officially Renewed with Bill Pullman Returning
by Jessica Pena, March 16, 2018
USA Network is ready to sin again. This week, the network announced they've officially renewed The Sinner for a second season.
Season two will see the return of Bill Pullman as Detective Harry Ambrose, who is called to "his hometown in rural New York to assess an unsettling and heart wrenching crime — parents murdered by their 11-year-old son, with no apparent motive."
The new season of The Sinner premieres on USA Network this summer.
Read more info below:
USA Network announced today that its acclaimed drama The Sinner will return for a second limited season in Summer 2018!
From Universal Cable Productions (UCP), the second, eight-episode season will once again feature Derek Simonds as executive producer and showrunner, Jessica Biel and Michelle Purple as executive producers through their company Iron Ocean, and Charlie Gogolak as executive producer. Brad Winters will also serve as executive producer. Antonio Campos, who directed the first three episodes of season 1, will return to direct and executive produce the first two episodes.
Season 2 lures Detective Harry Ambrose (Bill Pullman) back to his hometown in rural New York to assess an unsettling and heart wrenching crime — parents murdered by their 11-year-old son, with no apparent motive. As Ambrose realizes there's nothing ordinary about the boy or where he came from, the investigation pulls him into the hidden darkness of his hometown. He's pitted against those who'll stop at nothing to protect its secrets — and a mysterious woman who proves to be a complicated, enigmatic piece to this haunting puzzle.
"The Sinner was a huge success for USA Network," said Chris McCumber, President, Entertainment Networks for NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment. "In our second season, we'll follow Detective Ambrose as he tracks his newest "why-dunnit," while staying true to the unique, edge-of-your-seat storytelling that captivated audiences and critics alike."
The Sinner's first installment, which premiered on USA Network last summer, was the #1 new cable series of 2017. The series also garnered two Golden Globe nominations (for Best Television Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television and Best Performance by an Actress in a Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television for Jessica Biel), and 2 Critics' Choice Award nominations (for Best Actor in a Movie Made for TV or Limited Series, and Best Actress in a Movie Made for TV or Limited Series)."
What do you think? Did you see the first season of The Sinner? Will you watch season two?
More about: The Sinner, The Sinner: canceled or renewed?, USA Network TV shows: canceled or renewed?
The Sinner: Season Four? Has the USA Network Series Been Cancelled or Renewed Yet?
The Sinner: Season Three Ratings
The Sinner: Season Three Viewer Votes
The Sinner: Season Four; USA Network Series Renewed for 2021
The Sinner on USA: Cancelled or Renewed for Season Three?
The Sinner: Season Three of USA Show to Help Launch New Briarpatch Series
The Sinner: Season Three; USA Network Series Delayed Until 2020 (Video)
The Sinner: Season Two Ratings
The Sinner: Season Two Viewer Votes
The Sinner: Season Three; USA Series Renewed with Matt Bomer to Star
The Sinner: Is the USA TV Show Cancelled or Renewed for Season Two?
The Sinner: Season Two Debuts on USA Network in August
The Sinner: Season Two; Carrie Coon to Star in USA Network Series
The Sinner: Season Two Ordered by USA Network (report)
The Sinner: Jessica Biel Is a Killer in the New USA Series (Video)
The Sinner: Bill Pullman Joins Jessica Biel USA Crime Drama Pilot
Holly Stumpf
The first installment of The Sinner with Jessica Biel was outstanding. Excellent!!
Rick Bishop
Great to see a program back that has great writing, character development and makes the viewer think about what the series is about. Great job USA network. Enjoyed this program as much as the Canadian import two seasons back.
Delores Meers
I am so happy it is renewed. I love this show…
PhilS
I had expected to see this cancelled, despite really enjoying it, so glad to see a new season.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Top Oscar® Nominees Can Help Dogs in Hot Cars, Thanks to PETA
Published April 21, 2021 by Carolyn Englar. Last Updated November 30, 2022.
From luxury skin care and vacations to the latest tech gadgets, Hollywood stars are used to being showered with lavish gifts throughout awards season. So this year, PETA decided to give top Oscar® nominees a break from the typical luxurious swag-bag freebies by giving them something that can help them spring into action for animals—custom emergency hammers to save dogs trapped in hot cars.
These custom hammers will be included in the "Everyone Wins" Nominee Gift Bags given independently to top Oscar® nominees, along with keychains that read, "The Car Is Insured—the Dog Is Irreplaceable." In past award seasons, PETA has showered nominees with animal-friendly gifts, including vegan Red Carpet–Ready Bath Bombs, spy pens to capture animal abuse on set, a Veestro gift card, and fashion-forward sunglasses to inspire celebrities to see how their food choices affect animals and the environment.
In an exclusive PETA video, Lash Fary of Distinctive Assets—the gift guru behind these exclusive bags—shows how celebrities (as well as the rest of us) can use the emergency hammer to do whatever it takes to save a life and offers tips for what to do if you find a dog trapped in a hot car.
This year, Hollywood's biggest night, which is usually held in winter, was delayed because of COVID-19, making PETA's message even timelier with the warm summer months just around the corner. Even in mild weather, temperatures in cars can skyrocket in mere minutes. The temperature outside might be a lovely 70 degrees, but the temperature inside a parked car can soar to 99 degrees in 20 minutes. And on a 90-degree day, the interior temperature can reach as high as 109 degrees in just 10 minutes. Dogs can die of heatstroke in as little as 15 minutes. They can't cool themselves by sweating as humans can—their primary way of cooling off is by panting, which isn't effective when they're trapped in a car with only hot, humid air to breathe. That's why dogs should never be left in parked cars for any amount of time—even with the window rolled down a bit.
If you don't have a hammer, you can buy one here! Or see below for other ways you can help when you see an animal trapped in a hot car:
Many celebrities have spoken up for dogs in hot cars, including Super Bowl champion Tyrann Mathieu, Mexican singer Paulina Rubio, Italian supermodel Elisabetta Canalis, and model Nicole Williams English. PETA hopes to add even more stars to this growing list now that they have the tools to help dogs!
Remind your friends and family never to leave animals unattended in a car on a hot day—click below to help spread the word:
Note: The "Everyone Wins" Nominee Gift Bags are NOT affiliated in any way with the Oscars® or the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). AMPAS does not award, sponsor, endorse, or provide these gift bags. Neither the Academy nor Distinctive Assets wants there to be any association in the media between the "Everyone Wins" Gift Bags and the Oscars® or the Academy.


A traditional idea synthesized with a symphony of color. The perfect way to remember old times and good times to come, with your loved one. Featuring a 0.68 carat round brilliant cut diamond that is approximately G color, VS1 clarity. Crafted in platinum. Ring size 6-3/4 and can easily be resized to fit, if needed this would come complimentary with your purchase.


Full and Five Day memberships at a Club that never bans trolleys, has no muddy or short Winter tee positions and has a course that drains superbly making it more than just playable when many courses close!
Monthly Payments amounts until the membership year finishes at the end of March.
Newark Golf Club was founded in 1901; it is owned entirely by the members and is located on the border of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, near to both Newark and Lincoln. The Club values the traditions of the great game of golf but has a thoroughly modern outlook. The Club provides facilities for members, their guests, and visitors, that are first class in every respect. There are many reasons why people join a golf club. For most, membership of a club will offer a chance to play on a regular basis and enjoy the company of fellow golfers. Some look forward to the challenge of playing regular competitions and others want to establish a handicap to monitor their improvement and be evenly matched against their friends.
The game is believed to have originated in Scotland and is steeped in tradition. The unique handicapping system allows people of different abilities to play against and with each other; you don't have to be big, strong, fast or part of a team to be successful, because anyone, young or old, male or female can enjoy the benefits of golf. It is a stimulating challenge which gets you out in the fresh air, in very pleasant surroundings, and is an excellent way of exercising. Amateur golf is one of the few sports that allows children, parents and grandparents the enjoyment of playing together competively from a level playing field; throughout the golfing world there are many examples.
New members of Newark Golf Club certainly enjoy all of that and much more; at a very reasonable price.!! Not only do they get to know lots of people and have a great time on a quality golf course, they enjoy a busy social life, in a friendly atmosphere, in a super clubhouse, making lifelong friends. We have members who have been participating for over 40 years.
All Members are issued with a membership card which provides discount on food, drink and selected golfing equipment with a second account activating the Range Ball Dispenser, again at a discounted rate. There are organised coaching sessions and regular individual, team and fun competitions.
The well organised Sections of the Club run smoothly alongside the main club activities with everyone supporting representative teams competing against other clubs. Explore our website to discover our extensive program of golfing and social events. Your first stop should be The Diary.
Newark Golf Club is restricted only by the maximum number of members allowed within the Club rules. We currently have vacancies for membership, anyone wishing to enquire about one of the numerous membership categories should complete the online Membership Enquiry Form or contact the Club Manager for further details.
The procedure for full membership is that on completion of the application form you will be invited along to attend an informal meeting with the Membership Committee and asked to complete an application for full membership. Subscription rates are as detailed below.
The Golf Club encourages Intermediate and Junior membership; on completion of the application form you will be invited along to attend an informal interview with the Membership Committee and Junior Organiser. There is no joining fee to pay and currently no waiting period.


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K144m Windfall
MEMBERS of the private sector superannuation fund Nasfund will receive 4 per cent interest credited into their accounts, equating to K144 million for 2015.
Nasfund members to get 4 per cent interest
The superfund, which has more than 500,000 Papua New Guinea members, also announced yesterday that an additional K75 million to be held in reserve.
It said it beat all odds, including a declining global economy, to pay the crediting rate of 4 per cent and 1.9 per cent in reserves as a matter of prudency.
Releasing the audited accounts for the 2015 fiscal year, Nasfund board chairman William Lamur said also payments of more than K407 million in superannuation entitlements including housing advances representing 68,994 transactions to members.
It recorded contribution receipts of K473 million representing a growth of 3 per cent from K459 million in 2014.
Surplus after tax totalled K150.9 million compared with K258.46 million achieved in 2014.
The cash income of the fund grew from K207 million in 2014 to K257 million.
Elsewhere, the fund reported a growth of 7.2 per cent in gross asset value to K4.07 billion from K3.795 billion.
The net asset value of K3.936 billion was a 5.8 per cent increase from K3.729 billion.
Nasfund also reported a 5.6 per cent increase in membership to 515,535 from 488,346.
It had an active employer base of 2409 establishments representing a 12 per cent growth compared with 2150 in 2014. Mr Lamur said the board perused and accepted the financial accounts for what he described as a challenging year.
"External factors such as the slowdown of the global economy and significant fall in commodity prices impacted revenue streams of PNG based companies in which the Fund had investments.
"In addition, aside from the effects of El Nino and limited access to foreign currency, surplus of quality property buildings and the lack of a secondary market for fixed interest security trades resulted in valuation losses in equities and bonds," he said.
Mr Lamur said the fund had demonstrated a strong resilience to attain positive outcomes with an over budgeted performance in cash returns from its investments and controlled expenses.
Mr Lamur said in 2016 members had to be reminded that their savings were for the long term. He said the current depressed economic situation prompted an appropriate strategic asset allocation and risk management plan to mitigate short term shocks.
Mr Lamur said while annual investment returns were subject to market forces, real returns after inflation to member accounts increased significantly over longer periods through the effect of compound interest and sound investments.
"Above all, striving to be better than we are now will serve members' interests and that is what we are all about," he said.


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FC Viktoria Köln
FC Viktoria Köln is a German association football club from the city of Cologne in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Viktoria Köln
Fußballclub Viktoria Köln 1904 e.V.
1904 (as FC Germania Kalk)
1957 (as SCB Viktoria Köln)
22 June 2010 (re-founded as FC Viktoria Köln)
Sportpark Höhenberg
Günter Pütz
Patrick Glöckner
Pavel Dochev
Regionalliga, 1st (Promoted)
Home colours
Away colours
Founded in 1904 as FC Germania Kalk it is one of the oldest football clubs in the city. In 1909 Germania merged with FC Kalk to form SV Kalk 04 and in 1911 this club was, in turn, united with Mülheimer FC to create VfR Mülheim-Kalk 04. The club was renamed VfR Köln 04 in 1918 and, in 1926, won its first Western German football championship and entry to national championship play.
After the re-organization of German football in 1933 under the Third Reich into sixteen top flight divisions, VfR played in the Gauliga Mittelrhein taking titles there in 1935 and 1937 but then performed poorly at the national level. In 1941 The Gauliga Mittelrhein was split into the Gauliga Moselland and Gauliga Köln-Aachen, with VfR playing in the latter division. Two years later the club joined Mülheimer SV to play as the combined wartime side (Kriegsspielgemeinschaft) KSG VfR 04 Köln/Mülheimer SV 06. Mülheim had also played in the Gauliga Mittelrhein since 1933 claiming titles of its own in 1934 and 1940, and had similarly poor results at the national level. Play in the Gauliga Köln-Aachen was suspended in the 1944–45 season as Allied armies advanced into Germany at the end of World War II.
Historical chart of Viktoria Köln league performance after WWII
After the war VfR Köln resumed playing first division football in the Oberliga West, but lasted only a single season before being relegated. In 1949 the team merged with its wartime partner Mülheimer SV to become SC Rapid Köln 04 and played in the 2. Oberliga West (II) until falling to third tier football after 1952. Rapid joined local rivals SC Preußen Dellbrück forming SC Viktoria 04 Köln in 1957. Of these sides, Preußen Dellbrück was most successful, advancing to the semi-finals of the national championships in 1950 before going out against Kickers Offenbach in a replay of their scoreless first match.
Logo of 1994 merger partner SC 1930 Köln Brück and historical logos of SC Viktoria Köln in use until 1994 and SCB Preußen Köln in use 1994–2002
In 1963, the city selected Viktoria as its representative in the Fairs Cup, the forerunner of today's UEFA Cup, but the club was unable to capitalize on the opportunity. The team played as a second and third division side with generally unremarkable results until the 1994 merger with SC Brück that created SCB Preußen Köln, the new team being named after predecessor Preußen Dellbrück. The new club earned a second-place finish in their division in 2000, but quickly tumbled to the Oberliga Nordrhein (IV), even spending one season in fifth division Verbandsliga Mittelrhein. The pattern continued after the team was re-christened SCB Viktoria Köln in 2002.
On 22 June 2010, a new club called FC Viktoria Köln was founded which took over the youth teams of now insolvent SCB Viktoria Köln. Although it was expected that the new club can begin in the Landesliga, where SCB Viktoria had played at last, they were forced by the association to start in the lowest league, Kreisliga D. Nonetheless, on 24 February 2011 they took over FC Junkersdorf which became champion of the 2010–11 Mittelrheinliga and so FC Viktoria Köln could start in 2011–12 in the NRW-Liga.
A 2012 title in this league earned the club promotion to the Regionalliga West where it played until 2019 after being promoted to 3. Liga.
HonoursEdit
The club's honours:
Regionalliga West (IV)
Champions: 2017, 2019
NRW-Liga
Champions: 2012
Verbandsliga Mittelrhein
Middle Rhine Cup
Winners: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018
Current squadEdit
As of 1 July 2019[1]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
GK Sebastian Patzler
DF Sascha Eichmeier
DF Leander Goralski
MF Felix Backszat
MF Hendrik Lohmar
MF Simon Handle (on loan from Erzgebirge Aue)
MF Mike Wunderlich
FW Kemal Rüzgar (on loan from Fortuna Düsseldorf)
MF Manuel Junglas
FW Marc Brašnić
MF Lukas Nottbeck
DF Steffen Lang
DF Daniel Reiche
DF Sascha Herröder
MF Kevin Holzweiler
FW Sven Kreyer
MF André Wallenborn
FW Timm Golley
GK Florian Sowade
MF Luca Struth
MF Tom Isecke
DF Patrick Koronkiewicz
MF Marco Fiore
MF Hamza Saghiri
DF Dominik Lanius
GK Daniel Mesenhöler
MF Tobias Müller
DF Tobias Willers
European ParticipationsEdit
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup/UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League:
1962–63 1R
Ferencváros 4–3 1–4 5–7
^ "Spieler" (in German). Viktoria Köln 1904 e.V. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
Official website ‹See Tfd›(in German)
Coordinates: 50°56′46″N 7°01′50″E / 50.946169°N 7.030471°E / 50.946169; 7.030471
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC_Viktoria_Köln&oldid=905629714"


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Sceptre X405BV-FHDR 40-inch HDTV Now Available in Retail Stores
3:43 pm November 14, 2013 By Shane McGlaun
Sceptre has made affordable televisions for a number of years. The company's TVs aren't always packed with the latest and greatest technology, but they're almost always very affordable. The company has unveiled a new LED backlit full HD resolution 40-inch TV called the X405BV-FHDR that keeps the company's history of offering nice performance at a good price going.
The normal MSRP for the TV is $699, but it's now available in retail outlets for only $399. The TV is available in Walmart, Sears, Kmart, Costco, and online via Amazon and other locations. The TV is wall mountable, weighs about 20 pounds and is 3.5-inches thick.
The TV has an aspect ratio of 16:9 and a brightness rating of 250 cd/m2. The LCD backlight is good for over 30,000 hours and the television has three HDMI inputs. The TV also features a component input and a composite input along with a VGA input. The TV also has a USB port and headphone Jack. Other hardware features include a 3-D comb filter and de-interlace technology. The base of the TV also swivels with plus or minus 25-degrees of range. The native resolution for the 40-inch screen is 1920 x 1080.
Filed Under: Technology News


Restaurant chain Starfoods has successfully restructured €5m of financial debt, in a deal advised by Clearwater International.
Starfoods was established in 1993 and is one of the most recognised restaurant chains in shopping centre food courts in Portugal, known for owning the brands "Companhia das sandes", "Loja das Sopas", "Farm" and "SelFish". The business is currently owned by private equity firm Explorer.
Clearwater International was invited to advise the company on the restructuring.


Suzerainty (/ˈsjuːzərənti/, /ˈsjuːzərɛnti/ and /ˈsjuːzrənti/) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).
It was first used to refer to the dominant position of the Ottoman Empire in relation to its surrounding regions; the Ottoman Empire being the suzerain, and the relationship being suzerainty. The terminology gradually became generalised to refer to any relationship in which one region or people controls the foreign policy and international relations of a tributary state, while allowing the tributary nation to have internal autonomy. Modern writers also sometimes use the term suzerain to refer to a feudal lord, in regard to their relationship to their vassals.
Suzerainty differs from true sovereignty, as the tributary state or person is technically independent, and enjoys self-rule (though usually limited in practice). Although the situation has existed in a number of historical empires, it is considered difficult to reconcile with 20th- or 21st-century concepts of international law, in which sovereignty either exists or does not. While a sovereign nation can agree by treaty to become a protectorate of a stronger power, modern international law does not recognise any way of making this relationship compulsory on the weaker power. Suzerainty, therefore, describes a practical, de facto situation, rather than a legal, de jure one.
Historically, the Emperor of China saw himself as the centre of the entire civilised world, and diplomatic relations in East Asia were based on the theory that all rulers of the world derived their authority from the Emperor. The degree to which this authority existed in fact changed from dynasty to dynasty. However, even during periods when political power was distributed evenly across several political entities, Chinese political theory recognised only one emperor, and asserted that his authority was paramount throughout the world. Diplomatic relations with the Chinese emperor were made on the theory of tributary states, although in practice tributary relations would often result in a form of trade, under the theory that the emperor in his kindness would reward the tributary state with gifts of equal or greater value.
This system broke down in the 18th and 19th centuries in two ways. First, during the 17th century, China was ruled by the ethnically Manchu Qing Dynasty which ruled a multi-ethnic empire and justified their rule through different theories of rulership. While not contradicting traditional Han Chinese theories of the emperor as universal ruler, the Qing did begin to make a distinction between areas of the world which they ruled and areas which they did not. Second, the system further broke down as China was confronted by European powers whose theories of sovereignty were based on international law and relations between separate states.
A series of "unequal treaties" (including among others the Treaty of Nanjing, 1842; the treaties of Tianjin, 1858; and the Beijing Conventions, 1860) forced China to open new ports, including Canton, Amoy, and Shanghai. They allowed the British to set up their own colony at Hong Kong and established international settlements in these ports that were controlled by foreigners. They required China to permanently accept diplomats at Peking; provided for free movement for foreign ships in Chinese rivers; imposed European regulation of Chinese tariffs; and opened the interior to Christian missionaries. Ever since the 1920s the "unequal treaties" have been a centerpiece of Chinese grievances against the West.
For centuries China had claimed suzerain authority over numerous adjacent areas. The areas had internal autonomy but were theoretically under the protection of China in terms of foreign affairs. By the 19th century the relationships were nominal, and China exerted little or no actual control. The Western powers rejected the concept and one by one seized the suzerain areas. Japan took Korea and the Ryukyu Islands; France took Vietnam; Britain took Upper Burma. Only Tibet was left, and that was highly problematic because the Tibetans did not accept it. Each case represented yet another humiliation and demonstration of weakness.
Suzerainty treaties and similar covenants and agreements between near-eastern nations were quite prevalent during the pre-monarchic and monarchy periods in Ancient Israel. The Hittites, Egyptians and Assyrians had been suzerains to the Israelites and other tribal kingdoms of the Levant from 1200 to 600 BC. The structure of Jewish covenant law was similar to the Hittite form of suzerain.
Each treaty would typically begin with an "Identification" of the Suzerain, followed by an historical prologue which catalogues the relationship between the two groups, "with emphasis on the benevolent actions of the suzerain towards the vassal". Following the historical prologue came the stipulation. This included tributes, obligations and other forms of subordination that would be imposed on the Israelites. According to the Hittite form, after the stipulations were offered to the vassal, it was necessary to include a request to have copies of the treaty that would be read throughout the kingdom periodically. The treaty would have divine and earthly witnesses purporting the treaty's validity, trustworthiness and efficacy. This also tied into the blessings that would come from following the treaty and the curses from breaching it. For disobedience, curses would be given to those who had not remained steadfast in carrying out the stipulations of the treaty.
Despite being occupied by the Axis powers, several Western and Asian countries were allowed to exercise self-rule. Several states were created in order to facilitate their occupation, including Vichy France, Manchukuo, the Empire of Vietnam, the Independent State of Croatia in Croatia and the Lokot Autonomy in Central Russia.
When applied to the United States, the concept of suzerainty also includes the evolving relationship between the federal government, state governments and the indigenous peoples in the United States (or Indian tribes).
↑ Dong Wang (2003). "The Discourse of Unequal Treaties in Modern China". Pacific Affairs. 76 (3): 399–425.
↑ Young Park (2009). Korea and the Imperialists: In Search of a National Identity. AuthorHouse. pp. 49–50.
↑ Wendy Palace (2012). British Empire and Tibet 1900–1922. Routledge. p. 257.
↑ Spencer, Richard (2008-11-05). "UK recognises China's direct rule over Tibet". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
1 2 3 4 5 Coogan, Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-19-983011-4.
↑ Coogan, Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-19-983011-4.
↑ Hindson, Ed; Yates, Gary, eds. (2012). The Essence of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville: B & H Publishing Group. p. 113.
1 2 3 Mendenhall, G. (1954). "Covenant Forms in Israelite Tradition". The Biblical Archaeologist. The American Schools of Oriental Research. 17 (3): 49–76. JSTOR 3209151.
↑ Gupta 1958, pp. 145-146.
↑ Gupta 1958, p. 148.
↑ Bose & Jalal 2004, pp. 82-83.
↑ Stein & Arnold 2010, p. 306.
↑ Stein & Arnold 2010, pp. 336-337.
↑ Stein & Arnold 2010, pp. 357-358.
↑ Ludendorff, Erich von (1920). The General Staff and its Problems. London. p. 562.
↑ "Johnson v. McIntosh 21 U.S. 543, 5 L. Ed. 681, 1823 U.S. ,8 Wheat. 543. Case Brief". Retrieved 2012-04-28.
↑ "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia – 30 U.S. 1 (1831)". Retrieved 2012-04-28.
↑ "U S v. KAGAMA, 118 U.S. 375 (1886), Filed May 10, 1886. (FindLaw, a Thomson Reuters business)". Retrieved 2012-04-29.
↑ "United States v. Kagama – 118 U.S. 375 (1886). (Justia)". Retrieved 2012-04-29.


As I realize I only have a few more days until the month comes to an end, I'm trying not to lose hope that I will make my projected word count of 50,000. I simply have not made the time necessary to write like I should have, I have allowed myself to become complacent, and have wasted countless hours doing mundane activities, like watching tv and wandering the stores with no purpose in mind.
Some of this is my fault, but not all of it. Still, I thought that by getting up extra early most mornings and doing three daily assignments (at least), I would have been further along than I am. Not only that, I am aware that other things are not getting done as we head into the busiest time of the year, the holiday season. This adds more pressure on me, and kind of stresses me out. I will not give up, however, I will keep trying to think of things to write, and places to submit that writing to so that I finish what I set out to do.
It is important to me that I reach my goal, the exercise is meant to make you increase your writing speed, which it has, and realize that you can accomplish writing a novel, or at least starting one, in 30 days. Everyone following along knows that my goal this year wasn't to write a novel, but to write the amount of words needed. Maybe by next year, I'll be ready to tackle writing a book, then again, maybe not. I have so much more studying to do on the subject of crafting a story, however, I'm getting lots of practice with the weekly writing assignment on Medium's The Weekly Knob. Every week, we are given a word prompt of some household item- this week was Umbrella. Then we have to write a short story featuring that prompt and have it be good enough to get published. Maybe a few more months of this will have me closer to becoming a storyteller.
My other daily assignment, besides this 365 day project here on the blog, is to write anything that comes to mind for 100 Naked Words, so long as I get in the habit of writing at least 100 words a day. So having all of these self imposed assignments is helping me slowly creep towards becoming a better, faster, more skilled writer- something that is important to me.
Spending time with loved ones is also important, and I've sacrificed some of that time to get this done. Clearly, I've wasted some time in other areas though, or I would be further along. I realize now that it will take more than early mornings and an hour here and there where I can fit it in. Still, even if I were not to make it, I have instilled some valuable habits that I will continue to keep up, so that when I finally do have clients or deadlines to meet, I will be ready and more prepared than I was before.
I don't think my family and friends understand how important this is to me, but I will be proud of myself if I make it. I'll try not to bore you all with any more talk of it and just post my results at the end of the month. It was just fresh on my mind today, a day we spent killing time just to be together, when what I needed to do was lock myself in this room and write. Now I'm rushing again and blathering on about shoulda, coulda, woulda-so I'll put a cork in it and get busy. I hope you all are successful in whatever you have going this weekend, even if it is just enjoying a lazy weekend with friends and family. In four more days, maybe I can do more of that myself! Without the guilt.
Thank you kind sir! I am so happy and encouraged by your words. I guess I'm a bit of a worry wart, I'll try to be less concerned with that notion now! Have a wonderful day- just so you know, I look forward to reading yours as well!
Kim, you said, "I'll try not to bore you all with any more talk of it…" . First of all, is not the focus of your writing exercises to, well, write? And to take one whole category out of your mix is unfair to you, and us. That would be like never meditating about meditation! Writing is obviously a very important part of your life, and as one of your readers, something I look forward to, no matter the "theme".
Aww, thank you Stephanie! I appreciate your support!
I'm glad you set goals for yourself and don't ask me to match you! So write all you like about writing, but please don't give me an assignment.


Black robe that buttons up the front, with a nehru collar. We give you both dark glasses for a Neo look AND a cross to be a priest.
SKU: 49344. Category: Men's Costumes. Tags: cyberman, Neo, padre, priest.
Black robe that buttons up the front, with a nehru collar. Wear it with dark glasses for a Neo look or with a cross to be a priest.
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Yes. No. Absolutely. One day at a time.
Let's just get that out of the way. I hear at LEAST one of those Every. Single. Day. Well, at least every day that I have contact with the outside world.
Being in law school is hard. Being a new mom is even harder. Being a new mom in law school is insane. It may be difficult but it is also the most rewarding experience.
I was lucky. Nobody openly gave me a hard time at school for being pregnant. In fact, my classmates were incredibly encouraging and accepting. Especially in the beginning. However, pregnancy is isolating. Especially in a college town where you knew nobody just a few months ago. When you're pregnant you can't go to the bar with friends. You can't go drinking every weekend. Eventually as the social groups form you make your place on the outside.
Don't get me wrong I am in no way bitter or blame anyone for my experiences. It's just what happens when you get pregnant at a time in your life where it is not the conventional thing to do.
Not having that close-knit group of friends nearby does make things difficult and lonely sometimes though.
Some days I feel like I am on top of the world with everything at my fingertips. Other days I wonder why on Earth I thought any of this was a good idea and how I am going to make it through until May 2018. It's those days that I have to remind myself this is a journey. I am on my way to where I want to be. I will not be stuck here forever.
So, when someone asks me how I make this so easy? I don't. Every day is a fight, but it's a fight worth fighting. You get up, fight, do the best you can, come home, get some rest, try again tomorrow. If you let everything get you down, you'll never make it. Each day is a new day.


The other day my husband decided to make me smile again (actually it was more like a big fat cheesy grin). He's been doing that a lot lately. Making me smile! Everybody say Awwwww. Anyway, we were looking at kids tablets to help my son with his learning and somehow found ourselves looking at Samsung Tablets (for adults). You know, the kind you drool over but you know deep down your totally dreaming so the drool goes unchecked. Yes I know I sound like a full on nerd at the moment but I've always had a little thing for technology so just bear with me.
Out comes the wallet and my face starts twitching...that grin just wants to break free but I still can't quite believe it. We walk out of the shop and I'm still high on confusion. I look at my hubby sideways and he's got a grin on his face that would rival anything I've got waiting in the wings. And you know what he says to me?
"Sometimes God just wants to bless us - just because".
No agendas. Not because we earnt it. Not because we deserve it. Not because it's practical or because we need it. (Trust me, I could have delivered a polished sales pitch for why I NEED this tablet).
There is nothing like being lavishly loved on, by Daddy God - oh yeah and by the man He set you up with.


text:
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Any help would be highly appreciated. Is there any other way to solve the problem.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After 2018 WEG, Should Tryon Ever be Allowed to Try Again?
Over the past 12 years I have written six lengthy pieces for various publications asking "what is the point of the World Equestrian Games (WEG)?" Anyone over 50 will recall the kudos and success of single-discipline world championships that were the norm till 1986.The first WEG, Stockholm 1990, was only ever meant to be a one-off.
I have never really understood who the all-eight-sports-in-one-basket format is aimed at. Why do so many promoters assume that anything with a horse in it is of automatic, overwhelming interest to all? Most people like music, too, but show me a successful international festival with classical, jazz, country, hip hop, opera and rock all on the same bill! Even the FEI didn't have figures available for spectators attending two or more disciplines till we got past WEG number three. I recall asking for them several times.
Yet whenever anyone has queried the validity of WEG, the FEI has firmly stated it's by far the best way to showcase elite sport and that everyone likes it. This remained the stance even after it was common knowledge that WEG is a licence to shell out millions in unrecoverable cash.
Nowadays, experienced organisers would rather pull out their own fingernails than be lumbered with WEG. The FEI will allocate WEG to the last man standing rather than admit it isn't a goer. At least twice the FEI has failed to ask governments direct if they are supporting the bidder – presumably for fear of hearing something it doesn't want to know.
Ironic then, that just now we've found an Organizing Committee (OC) keen to repeat the WEG in, say, eight years' time, the FEI has decided to re-evaluate the whole concept and contemplate breaking it up into more sustainable components. FEI president Ingmar de Vos said this at two press conferences this past fortnight. This significant shift was noted by just about everyone apart from the Tryon OC, which has the hide of a rhinoceros.
The non-Olympic disciplines usually draw the shorter straws at WEGs, so a return to single or dual discipline championships would at least restore their championships to places that know what they are doing.
I thought that when Tryon was chosen to replace Bromont – Samorin in Slovakia was also keen – it was the finished article in terms of arenas, stables and spectator infrastructure. This left the eventing cross-country, endurance and driving marathon as the major tasks, surely do-able with all the land at Tryon's disposal?
But while you definitely need innovators in horse sport, the Yes We Can personality must also respect the people who understand what end the oats go in. Tryon has repeatedly flagged up – probably without even realising its doing it – its startling lack of horse sense.
In particular are the constant reminders Tryon had "only" two years or whatever to prepare. No recollection, then, that The Hague (1994) and Rome (1998) came in as substitute WEG venues at even shorter notice, using largely non-permanent sites? Rome had only a year. Neither of them screwed up anywhere close to this extent. In fact, Rome was rather good.
I needn't repeat the catalogue of Tryon disasters here; it's been non-stop on social media. Though in that light, the final day's press conference with OC and FEI was surprisingly non-contentious, compared with the endurance-specific presser a week earlier. The latter was notable for being cut short after a barrage of questions rather more on point than the FEI probably anticipated.
Answering media questions on the last day were Sharon Decker, Tryon's head of operations, a lady so warm and disarming in broadcast interviews you almost ended up empathising; current FEI secretary-general Sabrina Ibanez; FEI president Ingmar de Vos; and, also for Tryon, Michael Stone.
Why, though, should we have expected any soul-baring about the multiple fiascos? Apart from Mark Bellissimo's "personal" statement on grooms' accommodation, we haven't heard much contrition from Tryon itself. Instead, they've boasted how marvellous their resort will be – eventually. In an informal media briefing, it became clear the WEG was an opportunity to show off Tryon, rather than Tryon simply providing the backdrop for world's best horses and riders. Wrong answer!
Indeed, Tryon seems so unaware of the numerous horse communities that exist outside its own "lifestyle" offer I wonder if it even realises 9/12 did as much to destroy endurance as a FEI discipline as a decade's worth of doping and cheating in the Middle East?
The surrounds of Tryon are indeed beautiful. The completed front-of-house facilities are presented to a high standard. So I have given a fair bit of thought to this: if the horse world refused Tryon the chance to host another significant championship when it really is finished, would we bite-off-nose-to-spite-face?
There is, alas, an irrecoverable loss of trust from the equestrian community, and also the local one: traders and contractors were allegedly not paid in a timely way, and some walked off the job. The huge volunteer corps has, by all accounts, exuded charm and friendliness from the front-line, steadfastly placating irate/confused/hungry/dehydrated/drenched/ripped-off spectators while the people who should have been briefing the volunteers fled to the hills. I have experienced Southern Hospitality on previous occasions and it lives up to its generous reputation, but seriously, who of these lovely folks would volunteer for Tryon ever again?
The loss of confidence has been articulated by Soenke Lauterbach, secretary-general of the German equestrian federation who is usually a reliable barometer of opinion in the corridors of power.
And even if Tryon did run like clockwork, when would you hold such a major event with the benefit of hindsight? October is too late in the context of the overall global FEI calendar. North Carolina might have been unlucky with the hurricane, but it should be no surprise the southern states are hot, humid and horse-unfriendly in September.
You also cannot get away from the piroplasmosis paranoia of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the shoddy treatment of piro-positive horses. It was touch and go whether USDA would allow them in till the last minute. Barring them in future would be simpler, but most likely exclude many who have every right to compete for the highest honours.
As Brazilian endurance rider Andre Vidiz revealed in his highly recommended "diary of a fiasco" you would have thought the piro horses were stricken with Ebola virus. A member of the veterinary commission tells me that ammonia in the poorly ventilated piro barn stung your eyes; the health of the piro endurance horses was compromised before they even made it to the start – wherever that was, of course.
The absence of any "horsemanship" within the OC has also been echoed by Eric Lamaze, giving the jumpers' perspective.
Moreover, would the eventual on-site hotels actually boost spectator numbers to world championship levels. Do we want acres of empty seats shown on TV yet again? The first few WEGs were staged in or around capital cities – Stockholm 1990, The Hague (substituted for Paris) 1994 and Rome (ditto, Dublin) 1998, where a surfeit of hotels, public transport, eateries and bars gave visitors enormous choice. I for one have never returned to any outdoor event that thinks it can hold spectators to ransom over the purchase of comestibles, simply because it is staged out of town.
We can't know whether the FEI itself feels any contrition, because it has been uniformly silent about most of the mess-ups, aside from announcing the official investigation into endurance has been expanded.
And well might the FEI remain silent. Thousands of people must be wanting their money back. These range from ticket-holders for cancelled events to national federations, riders and owners whose collective financial and emotional investment in WEG 2018 will make whatever Tryon has spent look like small change.
Blaming the weather, rather than crass incompetence, seems to be the get-out-of-jail-free tactic at the moment. Will many will buy that excuse for long?


text:
Con il termine Cine Club, Cineforum o Circolo del Cinema, a volte scritto Cineclub oppure alla francese ciné-club, ed al quale corrispondono il termine inglese Film Society o il tedesco Filmfreunden, si intende una Associazione culturale senza scopo di lucro finalizzata allo studio, alla diffusione ed alla preservazione della cultura e dell'arte cinematografica. Generalmente questi circoli per cinefili organizzano proiezioni di film che altrimenti non sarebbero distribuiti dal circuito mainstream, anche se qualche volta questa vocazione originaria viene dimenticata. Le iniziative che un Cine Club può realizzare a tale scopo possono essere di vario tipo e tra queste vi sono la proiezioni di film (generalmente film d'essai o comunque di particolare valore cinematografico, poetico o documentaristico), organizzazione di conferenze, dibattiti ed incontri, costituzione di biblioteche o cineteche e produzione di film a passo ridotto o di film sperimentali. I Cine Club sono poi generalmente federati a livello nazionale.

I Cine Club non vanno poi confusi con i club-cinema italiani sul modello del Filmstudio '70 di Roma.

Storia del Cine Club

Francia: gli anni '20 e la nascita dei Cine Club
Il fenomeno dei ciné-club nacque in Francia nel 1921 ad opera di Louis Delluc, che, già dal 1920 aveva creato la rivista Journal du ciné-club con l'intento di sviluppare un movimento che fornisse nuove possibilità alla cinematografia. Il primo film proiettato da Delluc il 14 novembre 1921 fu Il gabinetto del dottor Caligari di Robert Wiene, con il patrocinio della rivista Cinéa. Sempre negli stessi anni a Parigi, Ricciotto Canudo ed il suo Club des Amis du Septième Art diffondeva il cinema come arte con incontri mensili. Negli anni successivi, sorsero quindi nuovi Cine Club in tutta la Francia, favorendo così lo sviluppo e la diffusione di un nuovo linguaggio cinematografico legato alle avanguardie storiche. Nasceva però la necessità di superare la censura, rivolta in particolare modo al cinema russo d'avanguardia, allora considerato un veicolo di idee sovversive. Nel 1927 quando sul territorio nazionale si iniziavano a contare una ventina di Cine Club, nacque l'esigenza di trovare una formula che permettesse ai Cine Club di avere una legislazione che li salvaguardasse, ed a tale scopo nacque nel '29 la Fédération Française des Ciné-Clubs (FFCC).

La diffusione dei Cine Club in Europa
La prima Film Society britannica nacque nel 1925 ad opera di Ivor Montagu e Hugh Miller, che anche qui, attraverso proiezioni private riservate ai soli soci, poteva permettersi di superare la censura imposta sui film russi dal British Board of Film Censors, mentre il primo "cineclub" della Spagna fu fondato da Ernesto Giménez Caballero nel 1928, allora direttore del La gaceta literaria, e fu diretto da Luis Buñuel fino al suo trasferimento a Parigi. Analogamente si mosse il Benelux, il cui Cine Club più noto fu il Filmliga di Amsterdam nato nel settembre del 1927.

Negli anni '30, la diffusione capillare di sale cinematografiche sia pubbliche che private, favorì fortemente la nascita di nuovi Cine Club, che alcune volte possedevano una sala propria, altre potevano usufruire delle sale cinematografiche sempre più numerose.

Se il fenomeno dei Cine Club era in forte sviluppo nell'Europa liberale, analoghe iniziative venivano prese anche negli stati a regime totalitario, dove però in molti casi vennero ridimensionati o censurati in parte o totalmente. Con l'avvento del nazismo in Germania (1930) i Filmfreunden non ebbero più margine d'azione. Anche in Spagna, l'avvento di Francisco Franco anche impedì l'evolversi del movimento dei Cineclub distrutti dalla guerra civile, mentre nel Portogallo di António de Oliveira Salazar molti Cineclube furono chiusi ed i gestori, sospettati di eversione ed arrestati. Nell'URSS dove il cinema d'avanguardia russo era acclamato ovunque dal mondo intellettuale, solo con l'arrivo di Stalin (1940) ed il riconoscimento del realismo socialista come unico linguaggio artistico permesso, furono messi al bando quegli autori che tanto avevano dato allo sviluppo del linguaggio cinematografico e che avevano trovato terreno fertile nei Cine Club di tutta Europa. In Italia invece il primo Cine Club fu fondato a Milano nel 1926 dal circolo letterario Il Convegno diretto da Enzo Ferrieri, per poi diffondersi negli anni seguenti anche attraverso i GUF e le loro cellule cinematografiche denominate CineGUF.

I Cine Club di tutta Europa, ed i loro equivalenti statunitensi, furono fondamentali per lo sviluppo di un pensiero legato a quello che oggi viene chiamato "cinema d'artista", per il quale in passato si utilizzavano i termini "cinema d'avanguardia" o "cinema sperimentale".

Italia '20/'30: Cine Club, CineGUF e Cinema sperimentale
Se negli anni '60, la critica cinematografica italiana tendeva a negare il consolidamento dei Cine Club e della cultura cinematografica sperimentale in Italia, negli ultimi anni, la ricerca storico-critica rivaluta sempre più le attività di questi centri e delle elaborazioni teoriche che li si facevano. Oltre al già citato Cine Club milanese Il Convegno, nel 1928 sempre Enzo Ferrieri organizza il Cine Convegno milanese, in cui vengono proiettati artisti come René Clair, Alberto Cavalcanti, Fernand Léger ed Sergej Michajlovič Ėjzenštejn. Nel 1934 poi, per volontà di Luigi Freddi, direttore del settore cinema presso la Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, furono istituzionalizzati i CineGUF, legati ai Gruppi universitari fascisti, che seppur rivolti verso una retorica nazionalista che tendeva a sopire le forme più libere del cinema, rivolgendosi perlopiù verso il cinema di propaganda fascista, contribuirono allo sviluppo teorico di un cinema sperimentale italiano. Nel '35 Francesco Pasinetti, legato ai CineGUF, scriveva nella rivista Quadrivio: "Per cinematografo sperimentale intendiamo le espressioni di film a passo ridotto e per cineamatori quelli che eseguiscono detti film", demarcando la differenza dai cine-dilettanti con "l'avvicinamento a quello che può essere un cinema artistico, che non si preoccupa dei valori commerciali", mentre Domenico Paolella nel suo saggio Il film sperimentale ne sancisce la separazione sia dal cinema commerciale che dal cinema d'avanguardia, definendo il cinema sperimentale come "fenomeno schiettamente italiano".
A differenza della realtà statunitense però, tali strutture, che riunivano spesso le migliori menti sia della cultura fascista (CineGUF), che di quella con posizioni più morbide ed a volte antifasciste (Cine Club), venivano sovvenzionate dallo stato sia prima che dopo la guerra, permettendo agli iscritti di autoformarsi per poi partecipare attivamente al panorama cinematografico nazionale. Nel dopoguerra, anche a causa del legame con i GUF e del prevalere del neorealismo, il termine "cinema sperimentale" cadde in disuso. Rimangono di quel periodo della cinematografia italiana alcuni importanti film fra cui Mediolanum del 1933 e Sinfonia del lavoro e della vita del 1934 di Ubaldo Magnaghi, Entusiasmo e Nuvole del 1934 di Francesco Pasinetti, Il cuore rivelatore del 1934 di Mario Monicelli e Fiera di tipi del 1934 di Antonio Leonviola. Vi fu poi il lavoro di Luigi Veronesi, che dal 1939 con i suoi Film, una serie di pellicole nelle quali il pittore dipingeva a mano i fotogrammi, e con il suo compendio Note di cinema pubblicato dal CineGUF di Milano nel 1942, è fra i pochissimi in Italia ad affrontare le tematiche del cinema astratto.

Dopoguerra e diffusione mondiale del movimento
Nel dopoguerra il fenomeno dei Cine Club aveva assunto ormai proporzioni molto ampie, e pressappoco ogni nazione, di ogni continente poteva vantare una discreta rete di circoli perlopiù confederati tra loro. La Francia, che aveva visto nascere il fenomeno, vantava la rete più vasta, mentre i territori coloniali francesi del Nord Africa avevano una loro federazione con sede ad Algeri. L'Inghilterra aveva il British Film Institute, che coordinava più di 200 Film Societies ed anche ogni dominion aveva la sua rete di Cine Club. Se praticamente tutti i continenti vedevano crescere il movimento dei cineclub, nacque naturale l'esigenza di costituire una federazione internazionale, che venne istituita nel 1947 con il nome di Fédération Internationale des Ciné-Clubs.

I Cine Club nel mondo

Federazione internazionale
L'organo internazionale dei Cine Club è la Federazione Internazionale dei Cine Club, che spesso viene abbreviata nell'acronimo FICC. Questa associazione internazionale nacque a Cannes in Francia nel 1947 dall'incontro di molti gruppi internazionali, e per questo spesso ci si riferisce ad essa con il nome francese Fédération Internationale des Ciné-Clubs.

Australia
L'organo nazionale delle Film Societies australiane fu istituito nel 1949 con il nome di Australian Council of Film Societies (ACOFS).

Alcuni membri autorevoli del film society movement australiano Ian Klava, David Stratton, Michael Thornhill, Frank Moorhouse, Ken Quinnell e John Flaus.

Bangladesh
La nascita del movimento delle Film societies in Bangladesh risale ai tardi anni '80, quindi, nonostante l'attenzione delle nuove generazioni al fenomeno, questi centri culturali non sono molti. Vantano però una organizzazione nazionale coordinata dal Bangladesh Federation of Film Societies.

Canada
Gli inizi della alfabetizzazione filmica canadese può essere tracciata dall'arrivo relativamente tardo del movimento delle Film Sicieties. Se i primi Cine Club francesi nacquero nel 1924 ed a Londra negli anni subito a ridosso, bisognerà aspettare il 1935 perché Donald Buchanan assembli un numero sufficiente di menti entusiaste per formare la National Film Society of Canada. Questa organizzazione, largamente modellata sul British Film Institute. È a questa istituzione che è demandata la formazione di una genuina cultura filmica. In meno di un anno questa società si ramificherà ad Ottawa, Toronto, Montréal e Vancouver.

Il dopoguerra è oggi visto come l'"età dell'oro" del movimento dei Cine Club canadesi. La National Film Society cambiò nome nel 1950 in Canadian Film Institute diventando un centro di documentazione per un gran numero di club canadesi e nel 1954 un gruppo si staccò formando la Canadian Federation of Film Societies (CFSS).

Francia

Germania

India

Italia
Il dopoguerra italiano vide una notevole germinazione, anche se non priva di contrasti, di nuovi Cine Club su tutto il territorio nazionale, dovuti anche alla chiusura dei CineGUF, ed alla riorganizzazione di chi con loro aveva collaborato. La nascita dellUnione Nazionale degli Studenti Universitari Italiani, produsse i Circoli Universitari Cinematografici (CUC); mentre in ambito cattolico, su iniziativa del domenicano padre Félix Morlion (fondatore dell'Università internazionale degli studi sociali Pro Deo) e del gesuita padre Angelo Arpa, furono costituiti i Cineforum. Vi erano poi i Circoli del Cinema che non aderivano a nessuna istituzione e che si organizzarono nella Federazione Italiana Circoli del Cinema (FICC). Il sempre crescente movimento dei Cine Club, divenne presto un terreno di scontro politico, anche a causa degli appetiti dei partiti di massa, che vedevano nei circoli uno strumento di sottogoverno ed un modo per trovare consenso elettorale. Fu così che a partire dagli anni '50 il movimento dei circoli italiano si divise in molteplici fazioni su base ideologiche o religiose, vedendo sfumare la possibilità di una federazione unica nazionale che li rappresentasse tutti o quasi.

Pur continuando a disgregarsi, i Cine Club ottennero una organizzazione giuridica con la legge nr. 1213 del 4 novembre 1965. Ad oggi quindi, le associazioni nazionali che usufruiscono della legge nr. 153 del 1º marzo 1994 per il finanziamento dei Cine Club sono: Associazione per iniziative cinematografiche audiovisive (AICA); Associazione nazionale circoli cinematografici italiani (ANCCI); Cinecircoli giovanili socioculturali (CGS); Cineforum italiano (CINIT); Centro studi cinematografici (CSC); Federazione italiana dei cineclub (FEDIC); Federazione italiana dei cineforum (FIC); Federazione italiana dei circoli del cinema (FICC); Unione circoli cinematografici ARCI (UCCA); Unione italiana circoli del cinema (UICC).

Nuova Zelanda
La prima Film Society in Nuova Zelanda fu costituita nel 1945. e nel 2015 la New Zealand Federation of Film Societies rappresentava 14 regioni.

Polonia
L'organo nazionale per le Filmowych della Polonia è la Federazione Polacca dei Cine Club (Polska Federacja Dyskusyjnych Klubów Filmowych - PF DKF), che vede come membro onorario Andrzej Wajda

Portogallo
L'organo nazionale dei Cineclube del Portogallo è il Portuguese Federation of Film Societies, che vede al suo interno anche il Cine Club dell'Università di Évora.

Regno Unito
La prima Film Society fu istituita a Londra nel 1925 da un gruppo di intellettuali composti da Iris Barry, Sidney Bernstein, Adrian Brunel, Hugh Miller, Walter Mycroft e Ivor Montagu per mostrare film che erano stati respinti dal circuito commerciale, perlopiù film europei o film che non avevano passato il visto della censura, perlopiù film provenienti dall'Unione Sovietica. Tra i promotori di questa iniziativa vi erano George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells e molti del Bloomsbury Group. Il club fu chiamato semplicemente Film Society e con il nascere degli altri Cine Club fu soprannominata London Film Society. Altri Cine Club importanti nati negli anni successivi furono l'Edinburgh Film Guild (1929) e Salford Workers Film Society (1930). Anche molte organizzazioni studentesche di università e college hanno dei Cine Club, come Warwick Student Cinema alla University of Warwick o il St. John's College Film Society del St. John's College della University of Cambridge.

L'organo nazionale dei Cine Club britannici è il British Federation of Film Societies (BFFS).

Spagna
In Spagna ci sono due federazioni dei Cine Club, la Federazione dei Cine Club Catalani (Federació Catalana de Cine Clubs) e la Federazione dei Cine Club della Galicia (Federación de Cineclubes de Galicia «Feciga».).

Stati Uniti
Tra il 1946 ed il 1954 la rassegna Art in Cinema veniva presentata ad un vasto pubblico nei programmi di cinema sperimentale del San Francisco Museum of Art and at the University of California a Berkeley, ma i film d'artista venivano già presentati in molti incontri in molti musei statunitensi. Furono Amos Vogel e sua moglie che, ispirati dalle proiezioni organizzate da Maya Deren crearono la prima Film Society chiamata Cinema 16 nel 1947. Il movimento dei Cine Club degli Stati Uniti rimase però molto marginale, anche a causa dell'impostazione puramente industriale del cinema americano. Non di meno questi club riuscirono a collegarsi ad una rete di altre strutture come quelle museali, ed a generare un'importante ed influente cultura cinematografica alternativa al circuito mainstream.

Svizzera
Fra la fine degli anni '60 e l'inizio degli anni '80 in Svizzera è stata attiva la Cineteca Pollitzer, che si proponeva di diffondere la cultura cinematografia ai migranti italiani in Svizzera attraverso l'organizzazione di cineclub, corsi e rassegne.

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Storia del cinema
Cinema sperimentale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home Bernadin Center 2023 Holocaust Remembrance Lecture Series with Rosalie Levinson
2023 Holocaust Remembrance Lecture Series with Rosalie Levinson
May 10, 2023 @ 7:00 PM CT - May 10, 2023 @ 8:00 PM CT
Rosalie Levinson
Rosalie Levinson is currently the Phyllis and Richard Duesenberg Professor of Law and a Senior Research Professor at Valparaiso Law School, where she teaches constitutional law, civil rights litigation, and federal practices.
She previously worked as a staff attorney for a public interest organization and has been involved in substantial litigation. She has argued several civil rights cases before the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals and has been a frequent lecturer for continuing legal education programs, including those sponsored by the Federal Judicial Center for Federal Judges and the Practice Law Institute. In addition, she has team taught with Justices Scalia, Ginsburg and Thomas in conjunction with Valparaiso University School of Law's summer program in Cambridge, England.
Some Perspectives on the Destruction of European Jewry
The destruction of European Jewry, designated as the Holocaust, is an epoch-making event, after which the fundamentals of civilization are never again the same. This evening's effort will attempt to present an outline of some of the features of this epoch-making event, its history, its religious consequences for Christianity and Judaism, and its effects on the development of the Jewish people and Western civilization.
Join us at 7pm CT on May 3. This event will be held online only.
Institutional Affiliation (Optional)
Send me information on Catholic-Jewish Studies Program events*


We are pleased to announce Tony Asghar as part of our keynote panel at the Future Football conference on the 30 November 2016 at FC United. Tony joins us within an informal environment for one of our keynote contributors – Owen Gibson, Rt Hon Andy Burnham MP, and our chair, Dr Peter Millward (Reader in Sociology at Liverpool John Moores University) to provide keys insights from industry. Unfortunately, Andrew Jennings has had to withdraw. A The intention is to develop critical debate on key industry issues and to create a dialogue between practitioners and researchers. The discussion will aim to shed insight on the realities of high profile football issues including governance, human rights, corruption and the future for football and football research.
To join the conference, all the links and information can be found here.
Tony Asghar has worked in the football industry for the past 18 years as a player agent, FIFA match agent and executive consultant to elite global football clubs and managers in a range of consultancy services. Highlights include organising pre- season tours for EPL, LA Liga and Serie A teams not only in Europe but also in USA, Australia and Asia as well as the recruiting of managers in the EPL, Championship and abroad.
Having spent his early professional career (20 years) in Law enforcement with Strathclyde Police Force and working in intelligence and operations units within Scottish Drug Enforcement Agency he was tasked to infiltrate and disrupt organised crime groups throughout Europe.
As an advisor and lecturer on the UEFA Pro coaching Licence course held by the Scottish Football Association and the NSCAA at their annual coach's convention, Tony has provided advice on numerous aspects of the game. He also regularly represents a number of clubs who have qualified for UEFA competition and he is an advisor to clubs during their time within the tournament which includes representing the clubs at the UEFA draw at UEFA HQ in Nyon.
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Kisumu Town Celebrates it's Centenary and becomes a City!
by nitinmehta | Dec 15, 2001 | Articles | 0 comments
On Saturday 15th. Of December 2001 President Moi and the Presidents of Uganda and Tanzania came to Kisumu to celebrate the town's centenary. The town was also elevated to a city status during the celebrations. Kisumu town came into existence with the coming of the railway to the port city of Florence on Lake Victoria.
The railways were built by the blood and toil of Indian labour. Around 32,000 workers came from India to lay down the railway and 2,493 of them died in the extremely hostile conditions where malaria was rife. A further 6,454 workers became invalid. From the time when the railway was being built to the present time the Indian community has transformed the three East African countries through their hard wok and enterprise. From farmers to doctors and engineers to shop keepers and industrialists the contribution of the Indian community is perhaps unparalleled.
To celebrate the towns centenary the Hindu Council of Kenya and the Aga Khan community organised a grand cultural programme on 16th. December 2001 at the Jalaram Academy. Raila Odinga the minister for Energy and Shakeel Ahmed the Mayor of Kisumu were amongst the many guests present. Ramesh Mehta who is the chairman of the Kisumu chapter of Kenya –India friendship association, very ably conducted the meeting. Dr. Nalin Karia chairman of the Kisumu branch of Hindu Council of Kenya welcomed the guests. In his keynote speech Raila Odinga read out the names of many individuals who had played a leading role in the independence struggle. Some of the names he mentioned were:
A cultural programme of Garba as well as African dances followed and it felt like nothing had changed –it was the same Kisumu that we so fondly remember! The book that I specially prepared for the occasion, Sunil's Kenyan Days was also launched at the time.
Though the Indian community's interaction with East Africa goes back may be a 150 years there is a strong possibility that almost 5,000 years ago there was contact between the two races. An intriguing example of this is that in Kisumu on the shores of Lake Victoria a Sikh gentleman has opened a small temple. Shiv Ling has been found in this place and according to one of the devotees at this temple in the story of Mahabharata, Hedamba one of the wives of Bhim comes from this part of the world and there are tribes who still worship her!
On 21st. December I gave a talk on Vegetarianism at the residence of Suresh Mehta who is active in Swadhyay Parivar. Three individuals took a vow to give up meat eating and became vegetarian. On 23rd. December a talk on Vegetarianism was organised by the Svetamber Sthanakvasi Jain Sangh in Mombasa. After the talk the committee decided to discuss an action plan to promote Ahimsa and Indian culture amongst the wider community. On the same day we and our host Mahendrabhai Doshi took a hot meal to an old peoples home, which is run by the Catholic Church. We asked the nuns there to adopt a Vegetarian diet!
Missed opportunities in East Africa
According to me the biggest mistake we made in East Africa was that we did not share our culture, language and religion with the African people. I believe it is still not too late. To begin with the following should be done:
Gujarati speaking competition for Africans.
Vegetarian cooking competition for Africans.
We should welcome everyone to our temples and also welcome African children into organisations like Shishukunj.
Our adopted land should come before the land of our ancestors and our loyalty should be with the land that is feeding us!
All these things need to be done in this country too otherwise we are bond to face difficulties in future.
Nitin Mehta MBE


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