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Holiday Gifts For The City Cook
'Hook and Go' Urban Shopper
Reisenthel Folding Grocery Trolley
The Birthday Cake Book
Pearl River Lacquer Trays
Brooklyn Salt & Pepper
The holidays are arriving when many of us are feeling cautious, and maybe not very celebratory or generous. But let's think about this for a moment: can you remember a time when you wouldn't more love the delight of receiving a gift?
I've put together some ideas for holiday gifts for the home cook so you can give that same delight to someone else. Most of my suggestions are modestly priced and include practical things, some of beauty, some you can share, one to eat, a nod to Brooklyn, but first, some poetry.
Poetry for the Wine Lover
"Aging"
To speak of a wine's future
is to speak of our own desires,
how we hope as we age
that we'll become more
harmonious, less acidic,
that our tannins will mellow.
We recognize that right now
we have a burst of flavor,
an energy, a liveliness,
but also a harshness
which later may soften
until we're more balanced,
more approachable,
easier to appreciate.
Hold onto us
we'll get better.
Angels, Thieves, and Winemakers is a small book of about 50 poems -- all of them somehow about wine -- written by Joseph Mills who teaches at the North Carolina School of the Arts when he's not touring vineyards or drinking wine (he's also written "A Guide to North Carolina's Wineries"). The poems are sometimes funny, often wry, and many are very touching. One about his father and a bottle of Champagne saved for a lifetime but never drunk is poignant. $12.00 and available at Amazon.
Give it to a wine lover for whom you're too intimidated to choose a bottle or who eschews those cute wine gadgets. Even if their collection fits in a small rack instead of a cellar, most wine lovers are passionate not only for the taste of wine but also its romance.
To Market To Market….
We're all trying to carry reusable shopping bags, but whatever they're made of, when filled, they're heavy. If you know someone who needs help getting groceries home, Sur la Table has two solutions.
The "Hook and Go" Urban Shopper unfolds 8 hooks that are like a coat rack to carry bags that weigh up to 70 pounds, helped along with rubber wheels and a rubber front foot to keep it upright. It folds up for easier carrying to the store. $59.95.
If you want something more contained, the "Reisenthel Folding Grocery Trolley" is a canvas wheeled shopper that comes in 5 colors. It zips up into itself into a lightweight 12 1/2" by 2" size for easy carrying when you're on your way to the greenmarket or grocery store, but when opened, it expands to a generous 28 3/4" by 13" by 9". $19.95.
Brownie Chic
Mari's New York makes what very possibly could be the world's best and most stylish brownies. I first tasted Mari Tuttle's brownies at last summer's Fancy Food Show where they were a standout among the thousands of over-hyped and trendy products. They're made by Mari Tuttle whose business card gives her title as "Brownie Babe."
These brownies taste fabulous -- profoundly flavorful, perfect texture, sophisticated yet a truly satisfying rich chocolate. Flavors include Classic (or Classic with Nuts), Caramel Sea Salt, Coconut, Thai Coffee, Heat, and Blonde Bombshell.
Mari's background and earlier career as a design director in fashion and package design means her brownies come in a chic and modern box that includes a custom letterpress gift card (at no extra cost). The result is an old fashioned sweet presented in a 21st century package. It's exquisite.
You can only buy Mari's New York Brownies at her web site, MarisNY.com. They're not cheap but we're talking choice. Prices start at a half-dozen for $19.00.
Cookbooks and Foodwriting
Cookbooks always make a great gift and this season there are new titles from many of our most popular authors. Ina Garten, Mark Bittman, Giada DeLaurentiis, Jamie Oliver, and Paula Deen all have new books and if you know one of these authors is a favorite, you'll make someone very happy.
Not sure of favorites? A cookbook that re-invents itself every year is The Best of America's Test Kitchen 2009 by Christopher Kimball's gang at America's Test Kitchen. It's listed at $35.00 and as in past years, is a large format hardcover book with both color and black and white photographs. The book is a selection of 200 of the nearly 1,000 recipes developed last year for the Test Kitchen's magazines, books and PBS television program. This year's edition includes four ways to make friend chicken wings, new ideas for cooking cheaper cuts of meat like pot roast, burgers, pulled pork and ribs, and regional dessert favorites like Texas sheet cake, tunnel of fudge cake and apple slab pie.
Know someone who loves to bake, especially for kids? Harvard Common Press has published a sweet and celebratory paperback called The Birthday Cake Book by Dede Wilson. It's $19.95 and has 50 one-of-a-kind birthday cakes that are made from a core selection of cakes and icings, with recipes that go from the basic to the fancy. There are lots of color photographs, sources for ingredients and decorating tools, and clear instructions that will make you want to have every day be someone's birthday. Give the book with a package of fancy themed birthday candles or a cake decorating turntable (there are sources for both in the back of the book)
If you want a gift for someone who is looking to learn more about food culture, origins and history, the University of California Press has recently published two books that may work. The Taste of Place: A Cultural Journey into Terroir is by Amy B. Trubek, a cultural anthropologist who teaches at the University of Vermont (and previously at New England Culinary Institute). Her book recounts a personal food journey to California, France, Vermont and other places to explore the relationship between the taste of food and where it comes from. $29.95 hardcover.
Food: The History of Taste, edited by Paul Freedman, is a collection of ten essays by French, German, Belgian, American and British historians that give a detailed and chronological history of taste from prehistoric times to today. Essays include "Hunter-Gatherers and the First Farmers" by Alan Outram, "Feasting and Fasting, Food and Taste in Europe in the Middle Ages," by C.M. Woolgar, "The Birth of the Modern Consumer Age, Food Innovations from 1800" by Hans J. Teuteberg and "Dining Out, The Development of the Restaurant," by Elliott Shore and six others. The book is somewhat scholarly but completely accessible (368 pages with many color photographs and images) and much of it is fascinating and fun. $39.95, hardcover.
Both Beautiful and Useful
If you know someone who loves to entertain and is often moving food and dishware from a small kitchen to a small dining area, a tray can be a welcomed gift. I've always loved shiny and colorful lacquerware but have been put off by its cost. But Pearl River, the Chinese import store on Broadway in SoHo, has beautiful "Two-Tone Lacquer Trays" in two sizes (14-inch square or 16" by 12") for $44.50 each. They are water resistant so you can put a wet drink on them. They're available in a variety of colors, including such vibrant color combinations as fuchsia/lime and aqua/black. You can visit the store at 477 Broadway between Grand and Broome Streets or shop their website, PearlRiver.com.
Adding Flavor to a City Kitchen
A bag of sel de fleur, the sea salt from the coast of France that is harvested by hand, is a treat almost any city cook would love. Bags and jars of specialty salts can be found at Dean & Deluca, Citarella, Williams-Sonoma, Sur la Table, and increasingly at many grocery and specialty markets. Give a little bag of salt plus a salt dish, which can be as simple as a white porcelain ramekin or a vintage ashtray given a new use. The salt costs usually less than $20.00.
Brooklyn Pride, Version 2.0
Last year we discovered the Brooklyn kitchen towel, made by Cat Studio and still sold at A Cook's Companion in Brooklyn Heights. This year we've found another Brooklyn kitchen item that we also love, this time at Fishs Eddy. These are ceramic salt and pepper shakers with a cityscape illustrated on all four sides -- you get to see the whole scene, including the Brooklyn Bridge, by putting the salt and pepper side by side. $9.95 for a pair available at Fishs Eddy's store at 889 Broadway (at 19th Street) or on their website, FishsEddy.com (we've added a link below).
A Gift to Share
If you want to give a cooking gift that you can share with a friend or someone special, think about a cooking or wine class for two. Many of New York's wine and cooking schools have single-session classes on a huge variety of topics. For example, Astor Center does wine and cheese tasting, working with the folks at Murray's Cheese. Single classes usually cost somewhere between $65 and $125 per person, depending on how precious the food or wine may be. See our list of favorite cooking schools and also our recent article about wine schools.
Countertop Beauty
Many city kitchens don't have drawer space yet we can't resist adding to our collections of tongs, spoons and spatulas. If you know someone who has more stuff than place to put it, sometimes a beautiful ceramic holder can be the solution. The tiny Greenwich Village shop Le Fanion imports and sells the most gorgeous French country pottery and earthenware. There are also coffee mugs, and covered jars for mustard, sugar or jam. I would covet anything from this shop and I don't know anyone who wouldn't. Prices start at moderate and the friendly shop loves people who browse.
Favorite New York Kitchen Stores
This year more than ever before, please try to visit and shop from a local New York merchant. Our city is lucky to have splendid cookware and tabletop merchants and they all would love your business, even if you're only buying a new wooden spoon or kitchen towel. Our favorites include Broadway Panhandler, Gracious Home, A Cook's Companion, Brooklyn Kitchen, Tarzian West, and Zabar's. For tabletop we also love Moss, Pearl River, Yves Delorme, Global Table, La Terrine, and Le Fanion. See our database for store locations, websites and telephone numbers.
Would you like a few more ideas? You can listen to three of New York's favorite merchants for additional suggestions. Visit the Audio & Podcast section of TheCityCook.com for interviews with Jennifer Baron, owner of A Cook's Companion, Bonnie Slotnick of Bonnie Slotnick Cookbooks, and Alan Palmer, co-owner of Blue Apron Foods. Each of them have ideas for kitchen tools, cookbooks and food that would make most home cooks swoon.
While it may seem a cliché, this year more than ever, remember that it is the thought that counts. So if gifts are not in your budget, make a meal for someone you love. It's the best gift of all.
Comforting: Like Fresh Pasta
More Hardware & Software
Hardware & Software: Wooden Reamer
Holiday Gifts For Your Favorite City Cooks
The Essential Kitchen: Kitchen Thermometers
The Essential Kitchen: Scales
The Essential Kitchen: Knife Storage


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Mostly clear with gusty winds developing late. Low 19F. SW winds at 10 to 15 mph, increasing to 20 to 30 mph. Winds could occasionally gust over 40 mph..
Mostly clear with gusty winds developing late. Low 19F. SW winds at 10 to 15 mph, increasing to 20 to 30 mph. Winds could occasionally gust over 40 mph.
High Wind Warning from TUE 11:00 PM MST until THU 11:00 AM MST
...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO
11 AM MST THURSDAY...
* WHAT...West winds 30 to 40 mph with gusts up to 65 mph
expected.
* WHERE...Central Laramie County including the city of Cheyenne,
the Interstate 80 corridor between Cheyenne and Pine Bluffs,
East Platte County including the cities of Wheatland and
Guernsey, and Goshen County including the city of Torrington.
* WHEN...From 11 PM this evening to 11 AM MST Thursday.
* IMPACTS...Mainly to transportation. Strong cross winds will be
hazardous to light weight and high profile vehicles, including
campers and tractor trailers. There will be a high risk for
vehicle blow overs.
* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...The strongest wind gusts are likely to
occur during the daylight hours Wednesday into Wednesday
evening.
A High Wind Warning means a hazardous high wind event is expected
or occurring. Sustained wind speeds of at least 40 mph or gusts
of 58 mph or more can lead to property damage.
People should avoid being outside in forested areas and around
trees and branches. If possible, remain in the lower levels of
your home during the windstorm, and avoid windows. Use caution if
you must drive.
University of Wyoming senior defensive end Garrett Crall, right, pressures the Boise State offensive line during the second quarter of a game at War Memorial Stadium.
University of Wyoming Athletics Photo/Troy Babbitt
Crall, Smith will return for Pokes
By Michael Katz WyoSports.net
LARAMIE – The University of Wyoming football team's biggest recruits heading into the 2021 season might end up being a pair of well-known faces.
UW redshirt senior defensive Garrett Crall and sixth-year senior running back Trey Smith will return for an additional season with the Cowboys football team. Crall announced his return on Twitter Wednesday while Smith confirmed the news with WyoSports.
Prior to the start of the 2020 season, the NCAA ruled that players would not lose a season of eligibility this year, regardless of how many games a team or player participated in, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
"Through all the highs and lows of 2020, the best part of it all was the opportunity to return for a (sixth) year with my brothers," Crall wrote on Twitter. "Last ride is going to be a fun one. Back to work."
Crall, formerly a walk-on from Hicksville, Ohio, played in just three games during UW's abbreviated 2020 campaign and served as one of the team's four captains. He notched 21 tackles, two sacks and three tackles for loss in three contests after missing the start of 2020 recovering from offseason foot surgery. Crall also missed time due to COVID-19 contact tracing protocols, according to UW coach Craig Bohl.
In his career, Crall has 13½ sacks and 21 tackles for loss. His return figures to be a boost for a defensive line that, despite losing several key pieces throughout the season, managed to hold strong and become a team strength.
Projected starters defensive end Solomon Byrd and tackle Mario Mora both opted out prior to the 2020 season, and ends Victor Jones and Cameron Smith were both suspended. Smith has entered the transfer portal.
Despite those absences, the Cowboys defensive line thrived, getting major contributions from redshirt freshman defensive tackle Jordan Bertagnole, redshirt freshman defensive end Jaylen Pate and redshirt sophomore defensive tackle Cole Godbout.
Smith, a graduate transfer from Louisville, saw his first season in Laramie end prematurely in 2019 after breaking his ankle against Tulsa. He was granted a sixth year of eligibility for the shortened 2020 season and saw his role expand greatly following an injury to redshirt junior Xazavian Valladay.
Valladay was injured in the second quarter of a late November game against UNLV. Smith, who will be playing in his seventh season of college football come 2021, stepped in and ran for 318 yards over the course of the next two games against the Rebels and New Mexico. He finished the season second on the team in rushing behind Valladay with 488 yards and scored five touchdowns. His 488 yards ranked eighth in the conference.
Redshirt senior wide receiver Ayden Eberhardt has also said he will return for the 2021 season.
When it was announced that players would not lose a season of eligibility, UW athletics director Tom Burman told WyoSports the school would cover the scholarships of all fall sports seniors that wished to play for an additional season. Seniors returning for an additional season will not count against the 85-man scholarship limit in 2021, but the limit will go back to normal the following season.
COMEA to open low barrier winter shelter
After her recent votes in the U.S. House of Representatives to certify the Electoral College electors and impeach President Donald Trump for his role in the U.S. Capitol riot, are you more likely or less likely to support her going forward?
More likely
Less likely
Cheney in D.C. to represent herself, Pelosi, not Wyomingites
Lummis violated her oath to protect and defend the Constitution
Micheli: Jan. 6 proved our American system of democracy is fragile
McDaniel: Wyoming Republicans part of Trump's election lie relay
Are Wyoming conservatives loyal to Trump or the Constitution?
Will the 66th Wyoming Legislature choose to be bold?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Wisconsin County Histories 866
History, Winnebago County, Wisconsin: Its cities, towns, resources, people
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866 HISTORY OF WINNEBAGO COUNTY.
is from an ancestor who came to this country from the North of Ireland in 1635.
Dr. Ammi P. Barber moved to Oshkosh from Yermont in 1857, and his son Charles was brought up in this city. He obtained his early education in the public schools and was a member of the first class graduated from the high school in 1868 and was the first president of the Alumni Association, Air, Arthur Everett, a scholarly and accomplished gentleman, was then principal of the high school, and after being graduated from that institution Mr, Barber entered upon and completed the equivalent of a col¬ legiate course of study under Mr, Everett's private tutorship.
W^hile pursuing this course of study he also began the study of law in the ofiice of Earl P. Finch, one of the leading members of the old bar of Oshkosh, He was assistant and vice-principal of the Oshkosh high school three years, and in 1873 went to New York City, where he took the full course in the Columbia Law School,
Returning to Wisconsin, he was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court of Winnebago county in the summer of 1874, and immediately thereafter formed a co-partnership with his former preceptor, Mr. Finch, This partnership continued up to the time of the death of Mr, Finch, which occurred in 1888, and the firm thus constituted was long recognized as one of the leading law firms in northern Wisconsin,
From September, 1874, to September, 1875, Air, Barber filled the ofiice of inspector of the city schools of Oshkosh, which office corresponded to the present one of superintendent of schools. He also served as school commissioner and in 1883 held the ofiice of city attorney. During the years 1903 to 1907 he was a mem¬ ber of the library board. With these exceptions he has held no official position and is wholly without political ambition, but has freely given his time when required for the interests of the Democratic party and has been conspicuous in its councils and conventions.
As a lawyer Mr, Barber's practice has grown to very large proportions, extending into the higher courts of AYisconsin and other states and into the United States courts. In 1877 he argued his first case in the United States Supreme Court, It involved the title to school lands in Indian reservations and set¬ tled issues of much importance in the state of W^isconsin.
Mr, Barber is at present senior member   of  the   law   firm   of
Title History, Winnebago County, Wisconsin: Its cities, towns, resources, people
Title of work History, Winnebago County, Wisconsin: Its cities, towns, resources, people
Author Lawson, Publius V. (Publius Virgilius), 1853-1920
Description This 1908 history of Winnebago County, Wisconsin, provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the county from the early years of European exploration and settlement. Topics covered include agriculture, educational institutions, Winnebago County residents in the Civil War and Spanish-American War, the legal and medical professions, civic and social organizations, businesses and industries, railroads, newspapers, schools, and churches. Histories of the cities and villages of Oshkosh, Neenah, and Menasha, as are biographical sketches of county residents.
Place of Publication (Original) Chicago
Publisher (Original) C.F. Cooper and Company
Publication Date (Original) 1908
Format-Digital xml
Rights We believe that online reproduction of this material is permitted because its copyright protection has lapsed or because sharing it here for non-profit educational purposes complies with the Fair Use provisions of the U.S. Copyright Law. Teachers and students are generally free to reproduce pages for nonprofit classroom use. For advice about other uses, or if you believe that you possess copyright to some of this material, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org.
Identifier-Digital Winn1908000
State Wisconsin;
County Winnebago County;
Decade 1630-1639; 1660-1669; 1670-1679; 1680-1689; 1710-1719; 1720-1729; 1730-1739; 1750-1759; 1760-1769; 1810-1819; 1820-1829; 1830-1839; 1840-1849; 1850-1859; 1860-1869; 1870-1879; 1880-1889; 1890-1899; 1900-1909;
Subject Ho Chunk Indians; Fox Indians; Menominee Indians; Sauk Indians;
Title 866
Page Number 866
Format-Digital jpeg
Full Text 866 HISTORY OF WINNEBAGO COUNTY. is from an ancestor who came to this country from the North of Ireland in 1635. Dr. Ammi P. Barber moved to Oshkosh from Yermont in 1857, and his son Charles was brought up in this city. He obtained his early education in the public schools and was a member of the first class graduated from the high school in 1868 and was the first president of the Alumni Association, Air, Arthur Everett, a scholarly and accomplished gentleman, was then principal of the high school, and after being graduated from that institution Mr, Barber entered upon and completed the equivalent of a col¬ legiate course of study under Mr, Everett's private tutorship. W^hile pursuing this course of study he also began the study of law in the ofiice of Earl P. Finch, one of the leading members of the old bar of Oshkosh, He was assistant and vice-principal of the Oshkosh high school three years, and in 1873 went to New York City, where he took the full course in the Columbia Law School, Returning to Wisconsin, he was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court of Winnebago county in the summer of 1874, and immediately thereafter formed a co-partnership with his former preceptor, Mr. Finch, This partnership continued up to the time of the death of Mr, Finch, which occurred in 1888, and the firm thus constituted was long recognized as one of the leading law firms in northern Wisconsin, From September, 1874, to September, 1875, Air, Barber filled the ofiice of inspector of the city schools of Oshkosh, which office corresponded to the present one of superintendent of schools. He also served as school commissioner and in 1883 held the ofiice of city attorney. During the years 1903 to 1907 he was a mem¬ ber of the library board. With these exceptions he has held no official position and is wholly without political ambition, but has freely given his time when required for the interests of the Democratic party and has been conspicuous in its councils and conventions. As a lawyer Mr, Barber's practice has grown to very large proportions, extending into the higher courts of AYisconsin and other states and into the United States courts. In 1877 he argued his first case in the United States Supreme Court, It involved the title to school lands in Indian reservations and set¬ tled issues of much importance in the state of W^isconsin. Mr, Barber is at present senior member of the law firm of
History, Winnebago County, Wisconsin: Its cities, towns,...
Title Page. Volume I
- [Plate]
List of Portraits. Volume I
The History of Winnebago County
Chapter I. Natural Phenomenon
Chapter II. Primitive People
Chapter III. The Winnebago Tribe
Chapter IV. The Winnebago Chiefs
Chapter V. The Coming of Nicolet
Chapter VI. The Fox Tribe and the Battle of the French and Outagamis
Chapter VII. The Menominee Tribe an Chief Oshkosh
Chapter VIII. Colonel Robert Dickson Ice Bound
Chapter IX. John Lawe's Thrilling Moonlight Plunge Through the Fox River Rapids Astride Chest Containing $9,000 in Silver
Chapter X. When Winnebago County was Alive with Wild Animals
Chapter XI. The Beauty of the Virgin Scenery of the County Described by Travelers, Just Before the Coming of the Pioneer
Chapter XII. The Trading Posts
Chapter XIII. Treaties Made with the Aboriginal Tribes, by which the Title to the Indian Lands Passed to the United States
Chapter XIV. Building a County--Its Civic Administration, Courts, Schools, Buildings and Institutions
Chapter XV. Recollections of William W. Wright, Styled the Father of Oshkosh, and His Wife, Styled the Mother of Oshkosh, of the Earliest Beginnings of Social, Civic and Religious Life in the County and the City of Oshkosh, Having Lived Through the Changes
Chapter XVI. National and Legislative Representation
Chapter XVII. Organization of Towns
Chapter XVIII. The Steam and Sail Boats on the Lake and River in Earlier Days
Chapter XIX. Origin and Meaning of Place Names of Lakes, Rivers and Localities
Chapter XX. Population, Wealth and Products of Winnebago County
Chapter XXI. Literature, Art, Music and the State in Winnebago County
Chapter XXII. Township History
Town of Algoma
Town of Black Wolf
Town of Clayton
Town of Menasha
Town of Neenah
Town of Nekimi
Town of Nepeuskun
Town of Omro
Village of Omro
Town of Oshkosh
Town of Poygan
Town of Rushford
Town of Utica
Town of Vinland
Town of Winchester
Town of Winneconne
Butte des Morts Hamlet
The Village of Winneconne
Town of Wolf River
Bay Boom
Chapter XXIII. City of Neenah
Chapter XXIV. Founding the Mission of the Winnebago Rapids
Chapter XXV. Sale of the Reservation of Winnebago Rapids to Harrison Reed--the Arrival of the Pioneers--the Village Named Neenah
Chapter XXVI. The Coming of Governor James Duane Doty--the Loggery--a Character Sketch of the State Builder
Chapter XXVII. Colonel Harvey Jones Buys the Village of Neenah
Chapter XXVIII. Town of Neenah Organized
Chapter XXIX. Pioneering in the Olden Days--Beginnings of the Social, Mercantile, Civic, School and Church Activity
Chapter XXX. The Lock, the Canal and the Dam
Chapter XXXI. When Neenah was Known as the ""Flour City.""
Chapter XXXII. The Invention of the Roller Flour Mill
Chapter XXXIII. Why Neenah is Called the Paper City
Chapter XXXIV. Various Manufacturing, Mercantile and Public Enterprising in Business and Social Life--the Doctors and Lawyers
Chapter XXXV. Bank, Bankers and Bank Buildings
Chapter XXXVI. The Newspapers in Neenah
Chapter XXXVII. The Growth of the Civic Organization of the City of Neenah, Traced from the Beginning, and the Public Improvements
Chapter XXXVIII. The Log School House ""Not Worth a Red Cent""--the Pioneer Teacher at Six Dollars a Month, and the New Palace School Edifices, with their Normal Corps of Professors and Instructors
Chapter XXXIX. The Gas and Electric Light Plants, Water Works, Population, Library, City Hall, Fire Companies and Parks in the City of Neenah, and the Samuel A. Cook Armory
Chapter XL. The Church Society and Church Buildings in Neenah
Chapter XLI. History of the City of Oshkosh
Chapter XLII. Manufacturing in Oshkosh
Chapter XLIII. Banks and Banking in the City of Oshkosh
Chapter XLIV. Early Judicial History and Organization of the County
Chapter XLV. Bench and Bar
Chapter XLVI. The Schools of Oshkosh
Chapter XLVII. The Church, the Manse, the Pastor in Oshkosh
Chapter XLVIII. The City of Oshkosh and Winnebago County in the Civil and Spanish Wars
Chapter XLIX. Steamboating in the Early Days on Lake Winnebago, the Fox and Wolf Rivers
Chapter L. Complete Record of Yachting, Racing and Yacht Clubs on the Adjacent Lakes
Chapter LI. Governor Coles Bashford of Oshkosh, and the Celebrated Contest Over Election Frauds Fifty Years Ago
Chapter LII. City of Menasha
Chapter LIII. The Pioneer in the Hamlet--the Mills of the Past--the Flush Days Along the River
Title Page. Volume II
- ii
List of Portraits. Volume II
- iii
The History of Winnebago County (continued)
Chapter LIV. The Extensive Manufacturing Industries of Menasha
Chapter LXIX. The Medical Profession
- 847a
- 847e
- 847f
- 847g
- 847h
Chapter LV. The History of Factories and Mills that have Flourished in their Day and Gone Out Forever
Chapter LVI. Civic Organization of Town, Village and City of Menasha
Chapter LXXI. Press of Oshkosh
- 1206a
- 1206b
- 1206c
- 1206d
- 1206e
- 1206f
Chapter LVII. The Iron Horse, and Iron Rail--the Coming of the Railroad
Chapter LVIII. The Organization of Church Societies and the Building of Chruches in Menasha
Chapter LIX. Menasha City Schools--Their Old and New School Houses, the Scholars of Long Ago, and Today--the Teacher Past and Present--Some Prominent Graduates
Chapter LX. The Old Lighthouse and Its Beacon Light from a Great Iron Latern
Chapter LXI. Banks, Bankers and Banking Wealth
Chapter LXII. The United States Land Office; Its Officers; the Land Office Aristocracy, and the Jenny Linders
Chapter LXIII. The Spirit of the Press Then and Now
Chapter LXIV. The Lawyer and the Doctor
Chapter LXV. Old Ben of Yorktown, a Famous Cannon
Chapter LXVI. The Mails, the Post Office and the Postmaster
Chapter LXVII. The Coming of the Germans
Chapter LXVIII. Menasha and Neenah in the Civil and Spanish Wars
Chapter LXIX. Biography
Biographical Index


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Bonvie Realty, as the exclusive agent on behalf of the Owner, is proud to exclusively offer for sale 4331 North Federal Highway. This 19,492 sq. ft. boutique medical building is a rare trophy asset located ½ mile from Holy Cross Hospital and 3 miles to Broward Health Imperial Point Hospital. Stellar tenants include: 4EVERYOUNG ANTI-AGING SOLUTIONS, POM MRI & IMAGING CENTER, & AESTHETI SKIN SURGERY BY DR. IGOR CHAPLIK. Building has full impact windows & doors throughout, new roof, all new mechanicals, new electrical & plumbing throughout, new elevator system, new fire sprinklers, new drainage system, and new electric lines coming into the building provided by FPL. Existing tenants have long term leases making this a very stable, CASH FLOW POSITIVE ASSET for the next investor and or end user to utilize the vacant space. Nice upside in leasing up remaining 7,650 sq. ft. of first generational space consisting of 2,350 sq. ft. on the second floor and 5,300 sq. ft. on the 3rd floor. Once fully leased up, building NOI surpasses market returns for this asset class. Unique opportunity for new owner user to utilize remaining space having existing tenant's rent off-set new owner's rent-carry, essentially making the space "free". Over 5 | 1,000 parking. Covered drop off and pick up by entrance doorways. Amazing visibility with monument signage and added opportunity for naming rights on the top of the building. Located on the west side of US-1 between Oakland Park Boulevard & Commercial Blvd, next to American National Bank. Located less than ½ mile to Holy Cross Hospital and 3 miles to Broward Health Imperial Point Hospital. Near great dining, retail, and close proximity to Coral Ridge Shopping Mall which is home to Target, Publix, Marshall's, T.J Maxx, and many other national retailers.
RARE OPPORTUNITY TO ACQUIRE A COMPLETELY REMODELED BOUTIQUE MEDICAL BUILDING IN EAST FT. LAUDERDALE
JOIN: 4EVERYOUNG; POM MRI & IMAGING CENTER; AESTHETI SKIN SURGERY BY DR. IGOR CHAPLIK
LONG TERM LEASES INSURING STABILITY OF CASH FLOW FOR YEARS TO COME
LESS THAN 1/2 MILE TO HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL & 3 MILES TO BROWARD HEALTH IMPERIAL POINT HOSPITAL
OPPORTUNITY FOR OWNER USER TO RENT FOR "FREE" WITH ANCILARY INCOME FROM EXISTING TENANTS
MONUMENT & BUILDING NAMING OPPORTUNITY
RARE OPPORTUNITY TO ACQUIRE A COMPLETELY REMODELED PRIME BOUTIQUE MEDICAL BUILDING IN EAST FT. LAUDERDALE. SERIOUS INQUIRIES ONLY WITH ABILITY TO PROVIDE PROOF OF FUNDS.
Bus Line
Rick Bonvie
Emailrick@bonviedevelopment.com
Phone(954) 232.8494
Enquire now:
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Bonvie Realty represented landlord and tenant…
LAUDERDALE-BY-THE-SEA
Bonvie Realty & Development
T: (954) 232.8494 or Office: (954) 563.4899
F: (954) 567.9640
4100 GALT OCEAN DRIVE SUITE #1111
rick@bonviedevelopment.com
© 2022 - Bonvie Realty & Development.


There are just too many small businesses out there that are getting swindled by search engine optimisation (SEO) agencies that are either crooked or completely ignorant of good SEO practices. This needs to stop!
While as a smart small business owner you know that SEO is a critical tool necessary to "advertise" your site to robots and compel your visitors to click through to your site, you're probably not an SEO expert (otherwise you'd do things yourself and not hire an SEO agency). You're an expert at plumbing or building apps or selling travel packages or whatever your business is, so you turn to an SEO agency for help.
Unfortunately, not all SEO agencies are good. There are legions of spammers and scammers who can't wait to get their hands on a contract with a small business that doesn't know much about SEO best practices and just wants to focus on other aspects of their business and entrust SEO to someone else.
The results? Too often, good businesses end up with bad SEO results while SEO scammers end up with your money, money they don't deserve.
So, let's get down to business and see what are the red flags and how you can avoid hiring the wrong SEO firm and getting ripped off.
Anytime you get an unsolicited email from someone who claims to have visited your site and been so impressed that they want to help you be more successful and rank higher, and has a deal to offer – put the email where it belongs: in the spam folder.
Spammy SEO firms buy lists of email addresses or scrape the internet for them and then send out thousands of emails every day. These emails are not even sent by a human, but by a computer programme that sends millions of them every month, hoping that one in a million will respond. Companies like these are only interested in quickly making money off naive clients. Don't be one of them.
Check out this article for more signs to help you spot SEO pitches you can ignore.
Many small business owners are tempted to work with agencies that guarantee top rankings for very competitive keywords, offer specific traffic increases, or that claim they'll improve your position in as little as 30 days. Beware of firms that make these kinds of promises.
No reputable SEO agency will ever guarantee #1 rankings, quick results, or make other promises that sound too good to be true.
Rand Fishkin, founder of SEO software company Moz, has provided a detailed analysis of why reputable SEO firms don't promise guaranteed search engine rankings. Plus, rankings shouldn't be a more important metric than search results that drive relevant visitors to take a desired action such as buying a product or signing up for an email newsletter.
SEO is not a quick-fix technique to deliver results in a matter of days. It's an ongoing process. So, anyone who guarantees incredible results in just a few days or weeks could be using shady SEO tactics that might result in a quick boost in search engine results. But it won't last or worse, you'll get penalised by Google for using black-hat techniques.
So, instead of going with an SEO agency that overpromises and guarantees fast results, choose one that talks logically about what they can achieve and maps out how they will be achieved.
Avoid any SEO firm that claims they have "secret" methods (there aren't any; everything is public, and you can download and read Google's guide on proper SEO practices to see what the search engine giant is looking for in a website). If they say they know things no other SEOs know, that's a sign that you shouldn't be doing business with this agency.
Also, definitely avoid SEO firms that claim they "have an inside contact at Google". That's ridiculous! Every single employee working at Google has to sign a confidentiality agreement. To blab could land them in jail.
There was a time when everyone was building hundreds of links and spamming the web with repetitive or poor content rewritten using software. SEO agencies were all about link building, link farms, directory submissions, bookmarking and many more. It worked really well for a while. But then it didn't because Google realised that using these techniques meant users were getting useless, irrelevant search results.
Links are no longer influencing rankings as much as they used to so avoid agencies who boast about how many links they can get for you.
It's no longer about the quantity but the quality of the links. Ask yourself this question: are 10,000 bad links better than one good link from the BBC or the Times or some other authority site in your industry? Of course not.
Building thousands of bad links will not help your site rank well and you might even get penalised by Google. This happens when a site is using certain bad techniques to try to manipulate search results. So, instead of spending your hard-earned cash to build a great reputation for your site, you'll be spending even more just to fix the Google Penalty.
Anyone who constantly talks about numbers and rankings and content that's optimised only for search engines is not someone you want to be working with. Instead, choose an SEO firm that talks about your target audience and ways to attract them to your site through educational content that is optimised for your prospects first, and then for search engines.
The smart money is on choosing an agency that has marketing knowledge across the board because just stuffing keywords or building links won't ever work in the long term.
High-quality SEO work is time-consuming and definitely not cheap. So, if a SEO agency offers flat-rate, low-cost plans to optimise your website, expect to get what you paid for.
A good agency will spend long hours analysing your site and your industry and studying your competition before even giving you a price estimate. Yes, proper SEO work can be expensive but it gets results.
Then again, if you don't have a big budget and can't afford to hire a professional SEO firm, learn to do SEO yourself. You are more likely to get better results on by doing it yourself than by hiring a cheap, spammy SEO company.
Don't just take their word for it. Writing website copy that overpromises or paying for a press release to be distributed across the web isn't difficult. But that's not proof that they have achieved results.
Ask for examples. Ask to see some of the content and campaigns that they have managed. Only by looking at the quality of the work they have produced for other companies can you determine what they can help you achieve. Review their SEO strategy, their case studies, and see if they've managed to achieve measurable results. If they can't or won't provide references or if the results aren't measurable, then what reason is there to hire them?
Or if they pressure you into signing quickly before the next Google update ruins your business.
Then you should be sceptical.
A good SEO agency will not need to resort to such sales gimmicks to get you to buy their services. They should provide you with quality information and options and let you make an informed decision whenever you are ready.
So, whichever SEO agency you choose: 1. Avoid overly long contracts; 2. Remember you are entitled to ask for weekly or monthly reports on what they're doing and 3. Make sure that you aren't being fooled by some fancy reports to hide the fact that no real work is being done.
Make sure you also read these extra tips on how to avoid SEO and digital marketing scams.
Always do your homework first. If you know or read about other business who rank well online, ask which SEO agency they're working with.
They contact you using a professional email that's personalised to their domain such as contact@companyname.com (and not a free email like @gmail, @yahoo, @hotmail etc).
Their site and emails are error-free.
You need a content strategy, a social strategy and a well-planned mix of on-site SEO, technical SEO and reputation building. That's it!
It's not about numbers. It's not even about rankings and traffic volumes. It's about understanding what gets a website to convert traffic into customers and what a business needs in order to become successful online. What matters is finding out what your target audience wants, how it searches for you online, how it interacts with your site and how can use all this information to generate sales.
The only way to avoid being scammed by spammy, unscrupulous SEO agencies is to get educated about SEO. I'm not saying you need to become an SEO expert (unless you want to handle all SEO tasks yourself) but educate yourself to some degree so that you won't get easily tricked or manipulated by bad SEO firms that promise you the world.
Have you had any bad experiences with SEO agencies? Tell us about them in a comment below.


text:
Медицинская география — это междисциплинарная наука на стыке географии и медицины.

Согласно устоявшемуся определению А. Г. Воронова (1981) — это наука, изучающая влияние особенностей географической среды на здоровье человека, а также законы географического распространения болезней и других патологических состояний человека.

Основные разделы медицинской географии
Медицинская география устойчиво определилась в системе географических наук и входит в цикл общегеографических (или природно-общественных) наук. Все разделы медицинской географии пронизывает географический подход, дающий возможность рассмотрения связей в системе «Среда — Здоровье» в пространственном аспекте.

В российской науке принято выделять следующие основные разделы медицинской географии (по А. Г. Воронову):

 Медицинское ландшафтоведение — раздел медицинской географии, направленный на изучение влияния ландшафтов на здоровье человека, а также последствий для здоровья человека антропогенных воздействий на природные комплексы;
 Медицинское страноведение — раздел медицинской географии, направленный на систематизацию и анализ информации о медико-географических особенностях территорий отдельных стран и их регионов;
 Нозогеография (или география болезней) — раздел медицинской географии, направленный на изучение географического распространения болезней или других патологических состояний человека.

Также нередко в структуре медицинской географии выделяется медицинская картография, в задачи которой входит разработка способов и приемов использования картографических методов в изучении и обобщении медико-географической информации в виде картографических произведений.

Медицинская география взаимосвязана с природной (физической) и общественной (социально-экономической) ветвями географической науки. Среди природно-географических наук медицинская география тесно взаимосвязана с биогеографией, климатологией, ландшафтоведением. Из общественно-географических наук наибольшее значение для медицинской географии представляют география населения, география сферы услуг, рекреационная география. Кроме этого, медицинская география сохраняет историческую взаимосвязь с медицинскими и биологическими науками (эпидемиология, паразитология, гигиена, ботаника, экология и др.).

Медицинская география за рубежом
За рубежом медицинская география получила наибольшее развитие в странах Западной Европы (Великобритания, Германия, Франция) и США. Множество международных исследовательских программ, связанных в том числе с проблемами медико-географического характера, реализуются усилиями Всемирной организации здравоохранения и ее региональных подразделений.

См. также
 Биогеография
 Экология человека
 Эпидемиология
 Медицинская геология
 Медицинская экология

Литература
 Малхазова С. М., Королева Е. Г. Окружающая среда и здоровье человека. — М.: МГУ, 2009. — 180 с. ISBN 978-5-89575-165-7.
 Крючков О. А., Солдатов Е. А. «Чтобы предупредить болезни, могущие случиться в лагере…» Становление отечественной медицинской (военно-медицинской) географии как науки. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 2018. — № 5. — С. 59-66.

Ссылки
 Медицинская география: современные аспекты
 Статья ВИНИТИ РАН: Медицинская география.
 Современные проблемы общественно-географического дискурса в медицинской географии.

Биогеография
Разделы медицины
Эпидемиология
Разделы географии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
class AddUniqueIndexToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
     add_index :sys_users, :user_num, unique: true
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
namespace Ulime\Backoffice\Section\Repository;

use MongoDB\Client;
use MongoDB\Model\BSONDocument;
use Ulime\Backoffice\Category\Model\Category;
use Ulime\Backoffice\Section\Model\Section;

/**
 * Class SectionRepository
 * @package Ulime\Backoffice\Section\Repository
 */
class SectionRepository
{
    protected $client;

    /**
     * SectionRepository constructor.
     * @param Client $client
     */
    public function __construct(Client $client)
    {
        $this->client = $client;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $name
     * @return Section
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function getSectionByName(string $name): Section
    {
        $section = $this->client
            ->selectCollection('ulime', 'section')
            ->findOne(['name' => $name]);

        if (!empty($section)) {
            if ($section instanceof BSONDocument) {
                return $this->documentToSection($section);
            } else {
                throw new \Exception();
            }
        } else {
            throw new \Exception();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return Section[]
     */
    public function getSections()
    {
        $data = $this->client
            ->selectCollection('ulime', 'section')
            ->find()
            ->toArray();

        $sections = [];
        foreach ($data as $section) {
            $sections[] = $this->documentToSection($section);
        }

        return $sections;
    }

    /**
     * @param Section $section
     */
    public function addSection(Section $section): void
    {
        $this->client
            ->selectCollection('ulime', 'section')
            ->insertOne($this->sectionToRow($section));
    }

    /**
     * @param Section $section
     * @param string $sectionName
     */
    public function editSection(Section $section, string $sectionName): void
    {
        $this->client
            ->selectCollection('ulime', 'section')
            ->findOneAndUpdate(
                ['name' => $sectionName],
                ['$set' => $this->sectionToRow($section)]
            );
    }

    /**
     * @param string $name
     */
    public function deleteSection(string $name): void
    {
        $this->client
            ->selectCollection('ulime', 'section')
            ->deleteOne(['name' => $name]);
    }

    /**
     * @param BSONDocument $document
     * @return Section
     */
    protected function documentToSection(BSONDocument $document): Section
    {
        $categories = [];
        if (!empty($document->categories)) {
            foreach ($document->categories as $category) {
                $categories[] = $this->documentToCategory($category);
            }
        }

        return new Section(
            $document->title,
            $document->name,
            $categories
        );
    }

    /**
     * @param BSONDocument $document
     * @return Category
     */
    protected function documentToCategory(BSONDocument $document): Category
    {
        return new Category(
            $document->title,
            $document->name
        );
    }

    /**
     * @param Section $section
     * @return array
     */
    protected function sectionToRow(Section $section): array
    {
        $categories = [];
        foreach ($section->getCategories() as $category) {
            $categories[] = $this->categoryToRow($category);
        }

        return [
            'title' => $section->getTitle(),
            'name' => $section->getName(),
            'categories' => $categories
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @param Category $category
     * @return array
     */
    protected function categoryToRow(Category $category): array
    {
        return [
            'title' => $category->getTitle(),
            'name' => $category->getName()
        ];
    }
}


text:
// Generated Source

interface BulkRoleAssignResource {

    /**
     *
     */
    uri?: string;

    /**
     *
     */
    addedExtensionIds?: string[];

    /**
     *
     */
    removedExtensionIds?: string[];
}

export default BulkRoleAssignResource;


Preview - Wax-it Histology Services Inc.
Resin/plastic histology is typically used to examine hard tissue, such as bone, and to study how implanted medical devices interact with surrounding tissues. There are two basic methods for resin histology: grinding, also called cutting and grinding (or 'saw and grind') using a precision diamond saw and a grinder–polisher, and sectioning, which is conducted using a rotary microtome. For both methods, samples are first dehydrated, and then infiltrated with a plastic monomer, which is subsequently polymerized into a plastic tissue block. With cut and grind, a diamond edge saw is used to slice a thin 'wafer' out of the resin-embedded tissue block. This wafer is then glued onto the slide and ground to the thickness required. The cut and grind technique is used for devices comprised of larger metal or those containing ceramic components. Cut and grind is commonly used for large devices, such as orthopedic hip replacements, which allows the researcher to see the interface between bone and metal under the microscope.
Please provide the following information and we will email you a link to the article, "Resin Histology by Device Type (Cut & Grind vs. Microtomy)".


Methods and apparatus for forming a conductor layer utilize an implanted matrix to form C54-titanium silicide. Word line stacks formed by the methods of the invention are used in sub-0.25 micron line width applications, interconnects, and silicided source/drain regions, among other applications, and have a lower resistivity and improved thermal stability.
The present invention relates to the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and in particular, to the manufacture of conductor layers utilized in advanced semiconductor products, such as memories.
Semiconductor memory devices are comprised of an array of memory cells. Each memory cell is comprised of a capacitor, on which the charge stored represents the logical state of the memory cell. A charged capacitor corresponds to a logical state of "1" and an uncharged capacitor corresponds to a logical state of "0." Word lines activate access transistors, so that the logical state of a memory cell can be read. Gates of multiple transistors are formed as one word line.
Forming high conductivity films on word lines is one attempt to decrease the resistivity of a word line. Such films are commonly formed of a refractory metal silicide, such as titanium silicide (TiSi2). Titanium is preferably used as the refractory metal component because it has the ability to reduce oxygen, which remains on surfaces in the form of native oxides. Native oxides are reduced to titanium oxide by titanium. Native oxides degrade interface stability, and often cause device failure if not removed.
However, several problems occur with the use of TiSi2 in ULSI applications. At higher temperatures subsequent processing temperatures, TiSi2 has a tendency to agglomerate into two different phases, C54 and C49, which have different lattice structures. The C54 phase agglomerates at the interfaces between C49-TiSi2 and silicon (or polysilicon). While this is undesirable due to the increased resistance associated with agglomeration, the TiSi2 phase formed at higher temperatures, C54, is more stable and has a much lower resistivity than the C49 metastable phase formed at lower temperatures.
Another problem with using TiSi2 at higher temperatures is that the high-temperature phase, C54, has a grain size typically ranging from 0.3 to over 1.0 microns, which prohibits it from being used in sub-0.25 micron word line applications. However, it is always desirable to form a phase having the lowest free energy at a particular grain size, so that it is the most stable. FIG. 1 illustrates how free energy, ΔGf (γ), is a function of grain size, r. Free energy, ΔGf (γ), as a function of grain size, r, is divided into three regions: A, B, and C. The most stable phase at a given grain size is that which has the lowest free energy. Both regions A and B are in the sub-micron range. In the sub-micron range, the free energy of C54 is greater than that of C49, due to the larger surface energy of C54.
In ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits, a highly conductive word line is necessary to improve circuit density and performance. To date, word line resistance is one of the primary limitations of achieving faster ULSI circuits. A method for decreasing the resistivity of word lines is needed for use in ULSI applications. In order to use the C54-TiSi2 phase in ULSI circuits, particularly in 256 Megabit DRAMs and other devices requiring sub-0.25 micron line widths, it is necessary that the grain size be reduced, so that it will be more stable. Due to the increased sensitivity of ULSI circuits, it is important to maintain low resistivity in ULSI devices. There is a need for a stable, low resistivity TiSi2 phase which can be used in sub-0.25 micron word line applications.
A method for forming a word line, which is used in ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits, produces a lower resistivity word line than those formed using prior art techniques. Resistivity is lowered and grain size of the conductor layer is modified using barrier elements to form a low dose matrix in silicon, or polysilicon. Subsequently annealing the word line stack forms a preferential C54-titanium silicide (TiSi2). C54-TiSi2 is more stable at high temperatures than C49-TiSi2. Use of C54-TiSi2 minimizes problems with C49-TiSi2 agglomerating at higher temperatures. Furthermore, C54-TiSi2 has a much lower resistivity than C49-TiSi2. Sub-0.25 micron word lines are able to be silicided with C54-TiSi2 using the invention, due to modification of TiSi2 grain sizes using the implanted matrix. Previously, the relatively large size of C54-TiSi2 grains, greater than 0.3 microns, prohibited its use in sub-0.25 micron word line applications.
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating free energy of C54-TiSi2 and C49-TiSi2 as a function of grain size.
FIGS. 2A to 2F are cross-sectional representations of a method for forming a word line stack in accordance with the invention, using a preformed matrix to modify grain size during silicidation.
The following description describes a method for forming a word line which is used in ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits. While the invention is described with reference to it being a word line, other conductors may also be formed by this method for various purposes, especially where reduced resistance is needed. For example, interconnects can be silicided according to the method of the invention in further embodiments of the invention.
Resistivity and grain size of the conductor layer, TiSi2, is modified using barrier elements to form a low dose matrix in silicon, or polysilicon, which modifies the C49-TiSi2 phase to C54-TiSi2, increasing chemical and thermal stability. When using the method to form a word line stack, a p-type silicon substrate is coated with a thin film of silicon oxide (SiO2), known as gate oxide. Then, a word line is formed on the gate oxide layer as a two-layer stack, comprising silicon (or polysilicon), coated with a conductor material. The most common two-layer stack used in the industry utilizes a bottom layer of polysilicon. When using the method of the invention to form a conductor layer in a word line stack, the method is performed subsequent to formation of the bottom silicon layer, and diffusion barrier layers, if any.
This invention is particularly advantageous in the formation of sub-0.25 micron word lines. The advantages to using this invention are that the conductor layer resistivity is lowered; C54 grain size is modified so that it is finer than the word line width, allowing it to be used in sub-0.25 micron applications; the agglomeration temperature of TiSi2 is increased; and, conventional two-step TiSi2 annealing is potentially condensed into a single step. This invention is crucial in the fabrication of 256 Megabit DRAMs and other devices that require line widths of less than 0.25 microns. As line widths decrease in the low sub-micron range, sheet resistance of titanium silicided polysilicon, or silicon, increases significantly. The agglomeration temperature also decreases with decreasing line width. Agglomeration is unwanted because it causes break-up spots, which lead to device failure.
As is well known in the art, TiSi2 forms various phases. One common phase is the base-centered orthorhombic structure, C49-TiSi2. C49 does not require a two-step annealing process for its formation. Deposited titanium is annealed once, between approximately 650 to 750 degrees Celsius, to form the C49 phase. However, use of the C49 phase has many drawbacks. One drawback of the C49 phase is that it has a much higher resistivity (a factor of approximately three) than the face-centered orthorhombic C54 phase. Furthermore, it is a metastable phase, compared to the thermally-stable C54 phase. C49 is also an undesirable TiSi2 phase because it has poor self-passivating properties against tetraethyloxysilicate (TEOS) spacer formation and borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) reflow during subsequent process steps. Furthermore, agglomeration usually occurs at the C49-TiSi2/polysilicon (or Si) interface due to decomposition of C49 at higher temperatures. If the layer is comprised of the C54 phase, then agglomeration will not occur at higher temperatures.
In comparison, the C54-TiSi2 is a high-temperature bulk phase with low resistivity. It is widely used in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device applications, such as silicidation of gates and source/drain regions. The silicide, C54-TiSi2, is usually formed using a two-step annealing process after deposition of titanium on the region to be silicided. Such a region can comprise either polysilicon or silicon, doped or undoped. Traditionally, to form the C54 phase, a two-step annealing process is required. The first annealing step is at a low temperature (between approximately 650 to 750 degrees Celsius), in a nitrogen, or argon, ambient. This step forms the high resistivity, metastable phase C49-TiSi2. Next, unreacted titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) are removed with a wet etch. The second annealing step comprises a high temperature (between approximately 750 to 850 degrees Celsius) anneal in a nitrogen (N2), or argon (Ar), ambient. This step transforms the C49-TiSi2 phase to C54-TiSi2. Due to the undesirable properties of C49-TiSi2, complete phase transformation is crucial. It is also crucial to maintain uniformity of phase, as small, nonstoichiometric areas form between boundaries of C49 and C54 phases. Such nonstoichiometric areas are susceptible to oxide growth during subsequent formation of TEOS spacers, resulting in undesirable high resistivity at such boundary areas.
Thus, this invention forms C54 at sub-micron grain sizes in order to decrease the resistivity of the word line stack due to C54's lower resistivity than C49. As illustrated by FIG. 1, in order to form C54 as a stable phase at sub-micron grain sizes, the total energy of the C54 phase needs to be reduced. One method for decreasing the total energy of the C54 phase is to create an implanted matrix in the polysilicon or silicon layer before deposition of titanium. Various barrier elements form a matrix, which provide nucleation sites and grain boundary stabilizers. The roles of different matrix elements are determined by implanting at low dose levels, in a systematic approach.
For each line width, a process window of implant doses is determined, according to different roles of matrix elements. Such a process window comprises a dose and depth for each line width. Group VIA metals, such as Mo and W, form titanium alloys (e.g., TiW and TiMo) with very low heat of formation. Such alloys are good transition materials between titanium and silicon due to their similar covalent radii. They are able to be formed epitaxially on titanium and silicon surfaces, resulting in a low interface energy due to less broken bonds and lower interfacial stress. Therefore, Group VIA elements are good candidates for their roles in creating nucleation sites and their ability to stabilize grain boundaries.
The depth of a matrix depends on the initial titanium layer thickness and the required TiSi2 thickness. Typically, the TiSi2 thickness is below 1,000 angstroms in sub-micron applications. Therefore, a low ion energy implant is utilized.
The dose of a matrix depends on the grain size desired. It is determined using a simple cubic estimation. For example, 0.05 micron grains need 4×1012 nucleation sites/cm2 for a 500 angstrom thick matrix. Ion implant elements are uniformly distributed in a substrate with a precise depth. The effectiveness of a given element, therefore, can be determined by implanting a known dose of ions and measuring the resulting C54 grain size. Thus, the invention is not limited to implantation of Group VIA elements, when forming the matrix. Any element can be tested according to the above method to determine whether it is suitable for use as a matrix implant element. A process window is determined by varying the ion dose. A wide range of ion doses should be examined in determining a process window, including low doses of 1011 to 1013 ions/cm2. The best candidate for a matrix implant element should have a coalescence threshold (or range) with the highest dose, resulting in the finest grain size.
Certain Group VB nonmetal elements, such as: N, P, As, and Sb, can react with titanium to form barrier materials (e.g., TiN, TiP, TiAs, and TiSb). While such elements increase the agglomeration temperature, too many Ti-VB ions at C49-TiSi2/Si (or polysilicon) interfaces hinders transformation of C49 to C54. Group VB elements also have large mismatch covalent radii compared to titanium, particularly As and Sb. This tends to drive the barrier material to the top surface of the TiSi2 film at high temperatures, resulting in agglomeration. High solubility of Group VB in TiSi2 may also affect Group VB elements effectiveness as nucleation sites or boundary stabilizers. However, tests for determining the best matrix implant element can be performed to determine if combining elements of both Group VIA and Group VB is a good choice for a matrix implant element.
As shown in FIG. 2A, a polysilicon or silicon film, doped or undoped, 214 is formed over a semiconductor substrate 210 and gate oxide 212. Next, one Group VIA element, such as W or Mo, is implanted at a low implant energy into the polysilicon or silicon layer 214 to a depth 226 according to the determined process window and to a low dose of approximately 5×1011 to 1×1014 ions/cm2, to form an implanted matrix 224.
Polycide lines are then formed by depositing titanium 228, as shown in FIG. 2B, on the implanted region, to a depth 230 determined by the desired thickness of TiSi2 and the depth 226 of the matrix 224. A subsequent anneal forms C54-TiSi2 232, as shown in FIG. 2C. C54-TiSi2 232 has a finer grain size than the word line width, on which it is formed. If the process is well-controlled, C49 completely transforms into C54, and there is no need for a second annealing step.
The results of this invention were confirmed using several standard test methods, well known to one skilled in the art. The results obtained from these tests are illustrative of the benefits of the invention, but exact results may vary upon duplication, depending on the equipment and parameters used by one performing the tests. Optical microscope measurements of a TiSi2 conductor layer 232, as shown in FIGS. 2C to 2F, formed in accordance with the present invention illustrated that a preformed matrix 224 decreases the surface roughness of the resulting TiSi2 232, resulting from a finer grain size. Measurements were taken, using a 350 angstrom TiSi2 232 surface for titanium 228 deposited on a preformed polysilicon matrix 224, comprised of Mo at an approximate dose of 1×1014 ions/cm2 and for a 350 angstrom TiSi2 surface for titanium 228 deposited on non-implanted (zero matrix) polysilicon 214. Identical results were obtained using a 500 angstrom TiSi2 232 surface for titanium 228 deposited on a polysilicon matrix 224, comprised of Mo at an approximate dose of 1×1014 ions/cm2 and a 500 angstrom TiSi2 surface for titanium 228 deposited on non-implanted (zero matrix) polysilicon 214. Identical results were obtained for implanted tungsten (W) preformed matrices 224.
Results of thermal wave, reflectivity, and JEOL transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements are consistent with the data described above. UV 1050 reflectivity measurements show a gradual improvement in reflectivity with increasing dose concentration for preformed W and Mo matrix wafers. Decreasing reflectivity corresponds to decreasing grain sizes, due to a smoother surface. Reflectivity is improved even more dramatically between TiSi2 232, as shown in FIGS. 2C to 2F, thicknesses of 300 to 500 nanometers. Parallel results from thermal wave, JEOL, and optical microscope measurements confirm the reflectivity results.
Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies illustrate how TiSi2 232 grain size and surface morphology change with matrix 224 concentration changes. A 500 angstrom TiSi2 layer 232 was formed on both a zero matrix and a 1×1014 Mo ions/cm2 preformed matrix 224. High resolution AFM reveals that small TiSi2 grains tend to coalesce to form large grains in the case of normal silicidation with a zero matrix. This coalescence results in drastic variation of TiSi2 film thickness, as well as surface roughness. Grain sizes of 0.4 microns or larger, resulting from forming TiSi2 on a zero matrix, were measured using AFM. These large grain sizes are undesirable in sub-0.25 micron word line widths. The results of these measurements are very close to those reported by other non-AFM C54 grain size studies. However, a preformed matrix 224 tends to decrease surface roughness by uniformly nucleating and stabilizing individual TiSi2 232 grains. Coalescence is drastically reduced for a 1×1014 Mo ions/cm2 preformed matrix 224, resulting in finer grain sizes. This results in more uniform grain size distribution and a much smoother surface.
Finally, a cap 220 of one or more dielectric materials, such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride, is applied to the word line stack 236 layers, if needed, according to conventional techniques and shown in FIG. 2D, and the line width 234 is defined by a dry etch, which defines at least one word line stack 236. The width 234 of a word line stack 236 is equal to the line width 234. TiSi2 conductor layers 232 formed in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, are comprised of the preferred C54-TiSi2 phase, with a grain size fmer than that of the line width 234. It is preferable to have C54-TiSi2 for the conductor layer 232 due to its lower resistivity than C49-TiSi2. After wafer cleaning, a spacer 222 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2E, and conventional source/drain (S/D) implantation forms doped S/D regions 260 aligned with the spacers 222, as shown in FIG. 2F.
While the method of the invention has been described with reference to forming a conductor layer in a word lines stack, this method is applicable to forming a titanium silicide layer on any semiconductor substrate or device. For example, silicided interconnects are formed using the method of the invention in a further embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, source/drain regions are silicided in even further embodiments of the invention. More variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
wherein the grain size of the low resistivity titanium silicide is less than about 0.25 microns.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a sub-0.25 micron two-layer word line stack.
3. The structure of claim 1 wherein the silicon based material layer is selected from the group consisting of doped silicon, doped polysilicon, undoped silicon and undoped polysilicon.
wherein the grain size of the low resistivity titanium silicide layer is less than about 0.25 microns.
5. A semiconductor layer, comprising low resistivity titanium silicide with reduced grain size, achieved by implanting a single matrix layer into a silicon based material, layering with titanium and heating, wherein the grain size of the low resistivity titanium silicide is less than about 0.25 microns.
6. The semiconductor layer of claim 5, wherein the low resistivity titanium silicide has a C54 TiSi2 lattice structure.
7. The semiconductor layer of claim 5, wherein the implanted barrier elements include elements from a periodic chart grouping that includes molybdenum and tungsten.
8. The semiconductor layer of claim 5, wherein the silicon based material layer is selected from the group consisting of: doped silicon, doped polysilicon, undoped silicon and undoped polysilicon.
wherein the titanium silicide has a grain size of less than about 0.25 microns.
a semiconductor layer, between the gate oxide layer and the titanium silicide layer.
11. The structure of claim 10, wherein the structure comprises a sub-0.25 micron word line stack.
12. The structure of claim 10, wherein the semiconductor layer is selected from the group consisting of doped silicon, doped polysilicon, undoped silicon and undoped polysilicon.
wherein the titanium silicide layer has a grain size of less than about 0.25 microns.
Beyers, R., et al., "Titanium disilicide formation on heavily doped silicon substrates", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 61, No. 11, 5110-5117, (Jun. 1, 1987).
US5710454A (en) 1998-01-20 Tungsten silicide polycide gate electrode formed through stacked amorphous silicon (SAS) multi-layer structure.


Derbyshire, Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance are saying a big thank you to Caroline Stone after she took on a truly explosive challenge to raise money for her local air ambulance.
The challenge – to walk the Landmannalauger route, across the southern highlands, through one of the most actively volcanic areas of Iceland.
Caroline said: "The terrain was difficult, with the first day being the most extremely challenging with a 10-11 hour trek.
"Throughout the trek we encountered steep climbs across lava fields, passing steaming vents, then onto snow fields, where trekking was challenging as the snow moves and slides beneath your feet and long downhill descents over scree. We experienced river crossings, wading through ice cold streams – some up to your thighs – and crossing a river by a footbridge that we needed to climb down to using a rope.
"The days were long, which was not helped by the fact that darkness only lasts for 2-3 hours at night and even then it is only grey in the midnight sun, (eye mask required for sleep). We pitched our tents up for the night before having our evening meal, on one of the evening in heavy rain and blustery winds, so done with great difficulty and that nights evening meal was not until around 11:30pm.
"The total distance walked was about 58km.
If you'd like to take on a fundraising challenge in 2016, click here to find out what we have to offer.


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Feb 09- Feb 15 2019, Heart & Soul, Mind & Body
DIFFICULT DIALOGUES OPEN ON GRIM NOTE
By Tara Narayan	 February 9, 2019 Leave a comment
Difficult Dialogues inauguration at Goa University seminar hall: Mistress of Ceremonies Ordette Mascarenhas introducing chief guest Governor of Goa Mridula Sinha, philanthropist Surina Narula, Prof Varun Sahni, Dr Consantino Xavier and others
At the 4th edition of Difficult Dialogues which was inaugurated on Jan 31, 2019, they're discussing the grim scenario of education in the country. Keynote speaker and trustee of International Centre Goa, Yatin Kakodkar, put some interesting statistics before the audience when quoting a Pratham report he said, "Every year 11 million people join the work force only to find there're not enough jobs." Also, 50 percent of ten-year-olds in fifth standard cannot read stories meant for the second standard and only 25 percent can do sums. It's disquieting comment on the quality of education, teachers and teaching itself.
Mr Kakodkar pointed out that investment in education is best since this is linked with economic development and in the last three editions of Difficult Dialogues they've been dwelling on education, economics, healthcare and gender equality back and forth.
He has no doubt that India can make it into the 21st century if it addresses the challenges of rapid sustainable economic development with education keeping pace and the creation of jobs for the country's growing working age population. For this Mr Kakodkar said we must not slip down to four and six percent of economic growth but achieve a continuous eight percent margin, "Next year 125 million will join the labor force but only 11 million may find employment!"
Others who spoke included Goa University vice-chancellor said only with intense, critical thinking change can be the result; philanthropist Surina Narula prophesied that the country has a great future ahead of it; Dr Constantino Xavier reiterated that primary to development is health and education and these are basic rights, "Give opportunities to young girls and women too." A video message from Lord Chris Patten of Oxford endorsed the message of basic health and education being the key to economic growth; Paul Flather expressed Oxford University's keenness to explore a myriad ways to developing a new India and there was Governor Mridula Sinha who said she believed in Gandhijee's "Nayi Taleem" idea of all progress beginning from village and gram sabha level.
Undoubtedly, this year's Difficult Dialogues deliberations will throw up a whole lot of enlightenment on the subject of education and what paths it must tread to see achhe din for all its people.
TREES ARE SOCIAL BEINGS!
A CHURNING GOING ON IN EDUCATION
PRAYERS FROM THE ORIGINAL SANSKRIT
Previous post: A CHURNING GOING ON IN EDUCATION
THE VIRTUES OF SODIUM BICARBONATENext post:


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A great evening for sipping, savoring, and schmoozing featuring over 40 vendors with local food and drink like Barbecue and Bourbon, Big Woods, Chicago's Pizza, Daredevil Brewing, Dawson's on Main, Foyt Wine Vault, and Tacos and Tequila.
Tickets: $10-$15. Each ticket is an entry to win one of 40 $25 gift cards from participating businesses. 21 and over event.


Following the recent debut of the first trailer for New Line's "It" remake, someone edited a side-by-side comparison video that puts it up against the teaser of the 1990 miniseries.
Both open with Georgie running after a paper boat that he sends down the street in a rushing river from the pouring rainfall. In the new trailer, he accidentally walks into street barricade. In the old one, Georgie merely ducks under it.
Everything is basically identical, except for the missing children being announced on TV in the 1990 teaser — the new one has the missing children listed on a poster pinned to a street post.
Both groups of kids have a haunting experience with Pennywise the Clown, both equally as terrifying.
However, the final moments of the two teasers are somewhat different. Check it out above — if you dare.
The new trailer dropped on Wednesday, breaking all online global traffic records with 197 million views in the first 24 hours since its debut at CinemaCon. This means that the trailer broke the previous record held by "The Fate of the Furious" trailer, which scored 139 million views in the first 24 hours. And by the 36th hour since its release, the "It" trailer has hit a staggering 246 million views.
In the trailer, Bill Skarsgard fills in the clown shoes once worn by Tim Curry as the diabolical clown Pennywise, who threatens a new round of kids that includes "Stranger Things" star Finn Wolfhard, along with Jaeden Lieberher, Jack Dylan Grazer, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs and Jeremy Ray Taylor.
The movie is based on the 1986 novel by Stephen King, which was made into a 1990 TV miniseries.
"It" arrives in theaters Sept. 8.
Don't kids have enough problems at school without also being terrorized by murderous clowns? In new images for "It," an adaptation of Stephen King's novel and a remake of the 1990 film starring Tim Curry, we get a creepy look at some of the poor children of The Losers Club. Jaeden Lieberher of "St. Vincent" and Finn Wolfhard of "Stranger Things" are among the unlucky kids who are hunted down by a monster that slinks out of a sewer and takes the form of a clown named Pennywise. Bill Skarsgard stars as the titular monster, who pulls off "sinister" without even showing his face. Who knew painted lips behind a blood red balloon could be so scary? And let's not even think about what he has in mind for those kids. Take a look at the new images from "It" below. But first, turn on the lights.
Andres Muschietti is directing the film, from a screenplay by Cary Fukunaga, Gary Dauberman and Chase Palmer. Also starring as the other members of The Losers Club are Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Jack Dylan Grazer, Chosen Jacobs and Wyatt Oleff. New Line is releasing "It"Â Sept. 8.


text:
Technodramatists JUNE 2019 weARlive –based PERFORMANCE – Preview
Posted on June 13, 2019 June 13, 2019 by Staff Writer
Through June 22
TheaterLab
357 West 36th Street, 3rd Floor
Picture this Post Editor Amy Munice says that of the many hundreds (thousands?) of news releases that cross her desk every week, it's the rare bird that rises to the top and shouts as loudly for attention as the recent invitation from New York-based Technodramatists Performance Laboratory.
Technodramatists is currently presenting works that showcase many of their techie stagecraft innovations, starting with their proprietary face-sync application, weARlive, in a segment of Error: A Comedy Of, in which actress Claire Tyers performs every role in The Comedy of Errors, with every character represented by augmented reality motion capture animations (a cartoon avatar) which appear on the screen next to her mirroring her every movement and expression on stage in real time. Additionally,
Kids Play by Reese Thompson, is presented by Recognize Theater using the Technodramatists' weARlive app to explore issues of gender and sexuality. The musical portion of this performance is headlined by Sway, an autonomous musical processing system, created by multi-instrumentalist and composer Carl Testa. Each evening offers a one of a kind electro-acoustic performance with Testa playing the stand up bass as Sway's processor analyzes the tone, density and amplitude of his performance and generates a dynamic musical collage that responds to changes in real-time.
Backtracking, Picture this Post (PTP) caught up the group's Artistic Director, Loren Svarc (LS), for background on how and why Techodramatists Performance Laboratory (founded Summer 2018) came to be, and where they hope to go.
Lorne Svarc is a Canadian writer/producer/educator whose work explores the spectrum of narrative expression. Notable work includes his short film Sapiosexual which was licensed cable station ShortsTV; his play Chained Woman which was featured in Infinitheatre's Pipeline Series and was a semi-finalist for the 2016 Eugene O'neill Playwriting Conference; and the script for Surface Tensions interactive installation by experience designer Rosalind Paradis, first prize winner at NYC Media Lab Summit.
Lorne Svarc
(PTP) What is your niche in the world? How are you different from other theater tech organizations?
(SV) When I was a kid, I dreamed of making animated films, but the equipment available at the time was too expensive and difficult to use to make anything that fit the scope my imagination. Now there are free iPad apps that allow anyone to make professional quality animations in minutes. This is the spirit in which we founded Technodramatists.
Technology has never been more central to our lives. Our daily interactions with our devices have turned us into passive consumers. But, our phones, laptops and tablets are actually loaded with immense creative potential. For instance, only a few years ago motion capture technology was so expensive that you basically had to be Marvel or Disney to be able to use it. Now we've built an app that uses the 3d sensors on smart phones that performs professional level facial tracking with something that most people already have in their pocket. We're doing the same with augmented reality, 3d animation, holograms and more. You might not know exactly what all these things are now, which is why we're using stories and performances to introduce them to mainstream audiences. There are many companies just like us, who are harnessing these innovations for creative means, but they're focusing exclusively on streamlining existing film and animation production and postproduction techniques. We see the human element of live performance as key to unlocking the creative potential of these new interactive technologies and are one of the only entities using them to create brand new forms of narrative expression.
In this current performance we're showcasing the exciting projects we're working on while introducing audiences, who may not be familiar with new innovations like Augmented and Extended Reality, to these new technologies in fun and accessible ways. The event is more than a stage performance and it's more than an art exhibition. It's a celebration of creative potential, where imagination is not limited to what is was formerly deemed possible.
What is the background/skills of the various people on your team?
The backgrounds and skillsets of our team members are almost too varied to enumerate. Plus, almost no one at Technodramatists holds only one job. We have playwrights, directors, producers, stage managers, AR designers, user interface experts, programmers, developers, 3d artists snd creative problem solvers who fall outside of the theatre and technology fields who all work together to ensure that audiences cannot detect anyone's individual contribution, only the totality of the production and the meaning of the stories we're trying to tell.
How does the animation/technology being showcased in Error: a comedy of work?
Error: A Comedy Of showcases weARlive, our new face-sync performance app. As the actor performs, an iPhone scans their face. Our app then projects their facial movements onto 3d avatars, essentially creating digital masks or puppets that will mirror their every smile, wink and nod in real time. The system includes a small remote that the performer uses to cycle between avatars, giving them control over which character they are syncing with at any moment, allowing an actor to inhabit every character in a scene.
Are there applications for this technology outside of theater per se?
Along with our accompanying desktop application, weARlive allows users to sync their facial movements with a wide variety of 3d animated characters and masks. Users can switch between characters, backgrounds and environments in real time, providing new opportunities for comedic and dramatic explorations of character, identity and technological representation.
weARlive can be connected to any TV, monitor or projector and is a fun and creative tool for theatre, keynoting, imaginative play, or any sort of live environment.
What can attendees expect from this performance- who will be a good match audience?
First off, contrary to its name, Kids Play is unmistakably NOT intended for children. The playwright, Reese Thompson insists that the play's title and its associated confusion are a feature, not a bug. I, for one, am not inclined to argue with a playwright on such matters.
How did your collaboration with Recognize Theater develop?
My collaboration with Recognize Theater goes back several years, having worked as a playwright and dramaturg on a number of their projects. I'm continuously impressed by the way their work dives deeply into controversial and uncomfortable territory while remaining engaging and accessible to mainstream audiences. When I added Kids Play to the program I knew that Kristin Hecker (their artistic director) would be the ideal person to helm the project. Kids Play deals with intense subject matter like teen sexuality, divorce, and mental illness and the way they used cartoon avatars to represent the play's two pre-teen characters simultaneously shields us from and accents the tension that already exists in the play's playful but dark text. I recommend this play to anyone who enjoys edgy and thought provoking theatre.
Is Testa's music used in any of your other projects? Why are you including the SWAY in this event?
Music and theater are intrinsically entwined. And while none of our featured musical acts are being used in our other projects at Technodramatists Performance Laboratory, we wanted to use this event to build a community of likeminded artists of varying disciplines and art forms. Just as in theatre, recent technological innovations have brought incredible power into music-makers' hands. We're unbelievably excited about Testa's work with computer listening and real time processing and are already in discussions about future collaborations.
Is the upcoming event geared more for theater goers or theater makers?
We definitely see this event as an entertaining night of theatre for a wide array of audiences. You really get everything you could ask for— Drama, comedy, music, interactive experiences— all in a tight 95-minute program.
That's not to say that this event isn't also intended to attract the attention of theater-makers. Our goal is for our performance tools to be as widely adopted as possible and we hope that theater-makers check out this production and get interested in integrating Augmented Reality and Face sync and some of our other innovations into their next pieces.
What other projects do you have in the works?
Part of the joy of what we're doing is that the tech possibilities grow greater literally almost every day. We're going to keep developing the projects and tools we're showcasing at Technodramatists Performance Laboratory while adopting and integrating all the exciting new innovations that come about. Actually, right as we opened, Apple announced an update to the platform that our app is built on, and we'll soon have the capacity to track and sync full body movements, so that's definitely something we'll be adding to our app really soon. More generally, we think that augmented reality can become a mainstream theatre tool like lighting and projections and aim to be at the forefront of achieving this.
What can people expect when they walk in the door? Walk us through the exhibit?
As soon as you get off the elevator you'll see a hologram of our logo. This isn't an exhibit per se but does show off how hologram technology, which only a few years ago was reserved for the likes of Star Trek and Super Bowl half-time shows, can now be achieved pretty effectively for a few hundred dollars.
Next, you can experience a short augmented reality performance piece I wrote and designed called Tormented Reality: A young couple are in the midst of a fight because one sees a dancing turkey and the other doesn't. When you enter the room all you see is the live performers but when you look through the AR tablet you too can see the dancing Turkey. At the end of the piece one of the performers invites you to dance and take a picture with the animated turkey.
In the main theatre you can play Wink Wink, a puzzle video game that uses your face as a controller. This game uses the same type of interface as weARlive and is a fun introduction to Face Sync technology.
At intermission we offer to take a free 3d scan of audiences' head. This used to be an expensive process, requiring a dozen cameras but now with one of our creative partners, Scandy Pro, a phone app is able to accomplish this for free. In the future, we plan on using this technology to quickly incorporate performers' and audiences' faces into digital worlds on stage.
Lastly, after the performances concludes, we display a work by Belgian artist Vincent Bal. A self-described Shadowologist, Bal's work consists of drawings on paper, which he places a real world object like a teacup or tissue box on top of. Then with proper positioning of a lamp, the objects shadow reveals a brand new scene. I first learned of his work on Twitter but it's really quite astonishing to see it in person.
We end the night with this analogue exhibit to highlight how technology doesn't always have to be high tech to be a powerful storytelling tool, that we still appreciate and need the basics such as light, props and drawings to achieve our artistic goals.
What else do you want people to know about Technodramatists Performance Laboratory?
I want to stress that despite the over-seriousness that often pervades both the theatre and tech industries, Technodramatists is trying to do something fun. We're creating something new and exciting and we really want to share it with world.
For more information, visit the Techndramatist Performance Laboratory website.
Photos courtesy of Technodramatists Performance Laboratory
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When I first moved to New York City after graduating from The Boston Conservatory with a degree in musical theater performance (at the age of 41!), I got whatever job I could and was fortunate to end up as a Broadway usher at The New Amsterdam Theatre. The architecture awed me, and little did I know that I had stepped into one of the most actively haunted theaters in the city. I will share the New Am's (as we ushers referred to it) history and ghosts over two blog posts.
Let me begin at the theater's rebirth at the hands of Disney. Built in 1903 and located on the famous 42nd Street in Times Square, the New Amsterdam appeared in shambles when the Disney Theatrical Corporation (a division of Walt Disney) leased the building in 1993. They found holes in the roof, mushrooms growing in the orchestra pit, and nesting birds.
With the guidance of Building Conservation Associates, Inc., which specializes in Heritage Conservation, Disney spent a reported 34 million dollars to restore the theater to its original glory.
Walking through the marble lobby, theatergoers today experience the same grandeur that their predecessors did at the end of the gilded age. The Art Nouveau details, like those shown below, make the New Amsterdam the crown jewel of all the Broadway theaters in the city.
In addition to this rich architectural legacy, Disney also became caretaker to at least one ghost. A few months prior to the theater's opening on April 2nd, 1997 the first dramatic paranormal event occurred. On a cold January morning, a telephone woke Dana Amendola, the house manager for the theater at the time, from a deep sleep at 2 a.m. The theater's security guard on duty asked Dana to come at once. Fearing a catastrophe, Dana raced to the theater and found the guard pacing outside the stage door. It took much coaxing to get the anxious man to reenter the building. Once inside, the guard explained that when he did his usual rounds and came to the stage, he felt something behind him. Glancing over his shoulder, he saw a beautiful woman in the glow of the stage's ghost light. She wore a beaded gown and headdress with a green sash and in her hand was a blue bottle. As he started to address her, she walked past him, heading for the 41st Street stage door. She turned back to him, blew him a kiss, and continued through the wall, and the shaken guard ran out the door. Some weeks later after Dana had collected historical pictures to mount around theater, he invited the guard to his office. Laying the photos out, Amendola asked him if anyone looked familiar, and the guard pointed at the photo below of Olive Thomas.
In my next blog post, I'll share Thomas's connection to the theater and when she first haunted the theater.
I haven't heard of any recent accounts of activity in the building, but apparently paranormal events spike with news reports of political corruption.