text:
\section{Introduction}

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are luminous astrophysical events and are thought to be explosions of white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems. A strong correlation between the peak luminosities and the timescales of the subsequent declines \citep{Phillips1993} have made SNe Ia useful tools to determine the cosmological constants (e.g., \authorcite{Riess1998} \yearcite{Riess1998}; \authorcite{Schmidt1998} \yearcite{Schmidt1998}; \authorcite{Perlmutter1999} \yearcite{Perlmutter1999}). In spite of their importance, the progenitor systems of SNe Ia are not identified yet and there are two competing scenarios (see \authorcite{Maoz2012} \yearcite{Maoz2012}, for a recent review). One of them is called the single degenerate (SD) scenario \citep{Whelan1973}, which involves a carbon-oxygen white dwarf and a non-degenerate companion. In this scenario, the WD increases its mass by accreting gas from the non-degenerate companion and explodes when the mass reaches the Chandresekhar limit. The other is the double degenerate (DD) scenario \citep{Iben1984,Webbink1984} in which two CO WDs merge and form an object with a mass exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit that eventually leads to a thermonuclear explosion.

Several observational trials have been performed to search for signs to identify the progenitor system. Actually, the optical spectra of an SN Ia PTF 11kx implying multiple components of circumstellar material  are naturally explained by a symbiotic nova system. Thus this particular SN Ia is likely to originate from a binary system with a red-giant companion and supports the SD scenario \citep{Dilday2012}. \citet{Ruiz2004} performed a direct search for a surviving companion in Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) and identified a type G0-2 star as a candidate for the surviving companion, however this is still controversial (e.g., \authorcite{Fuhrmann2005} \yearcite{Fuhrmann2005}; \authorcite{Ihara2007} \yearcite{Ihara2007}; \authorcite{Gonzalez2009} \yearcite{Gonzalez2009}; \authorcite{Kerzendorf2009} \yearcite{Kerzendorf2009}). On the other hand, \citet{Schaefer2012} examined an image of SNR 0509-67.5 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and put an upper limit of $M_{\rm V}>+8.4$ to the brightness of the surviving companion star, which apparently excludes the existence of any companion stars predicted by the SD scenario and favors the DD scenario. On the other hand, it is argued that the SN responsible for SNR 0509-67.5 is classified as an over-luminous SN and originates from the SD channel \citep{Fisher2015}.

An SN Ia is expected to significantly affect the  companion star under the SD scenario.  For example, the companion star might lose its  envelope due to an impact of the SN ejecta. \citet{Wheeler1975} analytically calculated the amount of the stripped mass and found that main sequence stars are only slightly stripped, while red-giants lose their entire envelopes. Two dimensional numerical simulations showed that main sequence and sub-giant companions lose 15\% of their mass, while a red-giant companion loses 96\%-98\% of the envelope as a result of the impact of SN ejecta \citep{Marietta2000}. \citet{Podsiadlowski2003} simulated the evolution of a surviving sub-giant companion and concluded that the appearance of the companion is strongly affected by envelope stripping and energy injection by the impact of SN ejecta. So far, very few studies have concentrated on the evolution of surviving companions.

In the context of intense mass loss processes in a close binary system, a helium white dwarf can be formed by the Roche lobe overflow \citep{Kippenhahn1968, Webbink1975, Iben1986}. In their calculations for a red-giant with a $\sim 0.3{\,M_\odot}$ helium core, the hydrogen burning rate suddenly decreases when the mass of the hydrogen rich envelope is reduced to $\sim 2\times10^{-3}{\,M_\odot}$. More detailed calculations revealed the evolution of resultant helium white dwarfs with several different timings of the mass loss episode \citep{Althaus1997}. These studies were concerned with the long term evolution of helium cores  after the mass loss episodes over periods of the order of million years or longer.  On the other hand,  targets of searches for surviving companion stars are necessarily young SNRs with ages of several hundred years or less because we need to identify the types of the SNe by their spectra. For example, Tycho's SNR and SNR 0509-67.5, both of which are $\sim$500 yr old, were classified as type Ia by analyzing spectra of the light echoes \citep{Krause2008, Rest2008}.

Thus the purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of surviving companions in the SD scenario after SN explosions on the timescale of $\sim$1,000 yr. We focus on binary systems with red-giants because the SN explosions are expected to strip significant fractions of the envelopes, and should affect the subsequent evolution. We apply the results to the case of SNR 0509-67.5 and explore the possibility of finding a surviving companion.

\section{Models of non-degenerate companions}

We follow the evolution of companions with a stellar evolution code \citep{Suda2010, Iben1992}. Input physics are the same as in \citet{Suda2011}. We adopt the nuclear reaction rates of NACRE \citep{Angulo1999} for proton-, electron- and $\alpha$-capture reactions involving nine nuclides. We employ the radiative opacity tables based on OPAL \citep{Iglesias1996} and \citet{Alexander1994} with the same procedure for interpolation as in \citet{Suda2010}.
Conductive opacities are computed using the fitting formulae of \citet{Itoh2008}.
Neutrino energy losses are taken from \citet{Itoh1996}.
Mass loss is ignored during the ascent on the red-giant branch, i.e., the total mass $M_{\ast}$ of a star does not change for the fiducial model.
The convective mixing is treated by the mixing length theory described in \citet{Iben2013}.
We use the Schwarzschild criterion to determine the convective boundaries with the mixing length parameter of $\alpha = 1.5$.
The initial mass $M_{\ast, 0}$ and metallicity $Z$ of model stars are fixed to be $1 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ and $0.01$, respectively throughout this study.
We chose the metallicity to apply our models to type Ia SNe  in the Large Magellanic Cloud where the typical value of the metallicity is $\textrm{[Fe/H]} = -0.40$ for red-giants \citep{Cole2005}.
We follow the evolution of stars from the zero-age main sequence  to the tip of the red-giant branch (RGB).

To simulate the envelope stripping by SN ejecta at various evolutionary stages of the companion star, we extract red-giant models with core masses of
$\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=$0.101, 0.132, 0.162, 0.190, 0.220, 0.250, 0.285, 0.349, and $0.400~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
Here we have defined the core mass $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ as the value of the enclosed mass of the shell  below which the mass fraction of hydrogen equals to zero.

The properties of these nine pre-supernova companions are shown in Table~\ref{tab:initmodel}.
Each column denotes the core mass $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$, the time $t_{\rm rlof}$ since the formation of an isothermal core , the core radius $R_{\rm c}$, the density at the surface of the core $\rho_{\rm c,s}$, the stellar radius $R$, the stellar luminosity $L$, the binding energy $E_{\rm bind,env}$ of the envelope, and the pressure scale height $H_{\rm p(c,s)}=\left|{\rm d}r/{\rm d}\log p\right|$ at the surface of the core.
Our models assume that a red-giant with a core mass of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ fills the Roche Lobe and starts to supply mass to the white dwarf at $t_{\rm rlof}$ and  that the white dwarf explodes in a few tens of Myr meanwhile the core of the red-giant does not significantly grow.
It is to be noted from Table 1 that  the timescale $t_{\rm rlof}$ is not so sensitive to the stellar mass as the the main sequence lifetime.

We remove the outer layers of companions on the timescale of $\sim6\times10^6$ sec  or less to mimic the envelope stripping by SN ejecta \citep{Marietta2000}.
We parameterize the degree of  the envelope stripping by the residual envelope mass $M_{\rm env}$, which is defined as $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}=M_{\ast}-\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$  at the end of the envelope stripping .
We regard this envelope mass as a free parameter and make $\sim10 \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} 20$ models for each core mass with various envelope masses in the range of $M_{\rm env}=5\times10^{-1}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}} \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} 2\times10^{-6}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.

\begin{figure}[t]

 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{eps/mlnuc.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Temporal change of hydrogen burning luminosity during the envelope stripping as functions of hydrogen mass in the envelope (top) and the envelope mass (bottom). }
  \label{fig:nuc}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]

 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{eps/evo285.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Time evolution of the effective temperature (top), radius (middle), and luminosity (bottom) of companions with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.285~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ after the envelope stripping. The energy injected into the envelope is not taken into account. Each line corresponds to a different residual envelope mass as indicated in the top panel.}
  \label{fig:evo285}
\end{figure}

In addition, we consider the extra energy injected into the envelopes of red-giants by the impacts of SN ejecta for some models.
This may be represented by an additional internal energy in the remaining envelope immediately after the envelope stripping.
 To see the effect on the envelope inflation by this procedure, we chose models with the following combinations of the helium core mass and the envelope mass; $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.132$ and 0.190 $\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ and $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}=1\times10^{-2},1\times10^{-3},\,{\rm and}\,1\times10^{-4}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
We inject the specified energy within 1 yr at a constant rate.
 Since the detailed processes of energy injection into the envelope is poorly understood, we simply  distribute the same amount of energy per unit mass throughout the envelope.
The total  injected energy is approximately  set to a quarter or one third of the total gravitational binding energy of the envelope.

We follow the evolution of  models of companion stars for $\sim$1,000 yr
 after explosion to  safely cover the age of  SNR 0509-67.5 ($\sim400$ yr according to \citet{rest2005}).

\begin{figure*}[ht]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{eps/100yr.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Effective temperature  (top), radius  (middle) , and luminosity (bottom) of companions as functions of the envelope mass (left) and the hydrogen mass in the envelope (right)  at 100 yr after the explosion (or the envelope stripping).  The energy injected into the envelope is not taken into account.   The points for a model with the same core mass are connected by a  line as indicated in the top panels.}
  \label{fig:100yr}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure}[ht]
 \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{eps/100yrHR.eps}
  \caption{ Locations of companions on the H-R diagram  at 100 yr after the explosion (or the envelope stripping).  The energy injected into the envelope is not taken into account. The symbols denote the helium core mass as indicated in the panel. Individual points with the same symbol represent  different values of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ lined up along the sequence from the red-giant to white dwarf branch. The cyan dotted line shows the evolutionary track of a star with an initial mass of $1 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ and $Z=0.01$ from the zero-age main sequence to the tip of the red-giant branch.}
  \label{fig:100HR}
\end{figure}

\section{Results}
\subsection{Models without  energy injections}

 We begin with the evolution of companion stars  after the envelope stripping without energy injection.
The remaining envelope is assumed to be unaffected by SN blast waves.
This assumption may give a lower limit to the  resultant luminosities  for given $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ and $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$.

Figure \ref{fig:nuc} shows the temporal change  in the energy generation rates during the envelope stripping as functions of the envelope mass for red-giants with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=$0.101, 0.190, 0.285, and 0.400 $\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
Since the envelope is stripped by the impact of SN ejecta on a much shorter timescale than the diffusion timescale or the thermal adjustment timescale, the envelope does not expand and  the hydrogen flash is not triggered in the thin envelope. These features are in contrast with what was observed in simulations of red-giants with  stripping envelopes on much longer timescales \citep{Kippenhahn1968,Iben1986,Driebe1999}.
The  hydrogen burning is extinguished when $M_{\rm env, es} \lesssim \pow{7}{-3} ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$  for   a $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.285~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, which is consistent with  results for the model  with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}\sim 0.3~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ of \citet{Iben1986}.
Here we have defined the envelope mass $M_{\rm env, es}$ as $M_{\ast}-\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ during the envelope stripping.
 The  hydrogen burning rate increases with  increasing core mass for a given envelope mass $M_{\rm env, es}$ or the corresponding mass $M_{\rm hyd, es}$ of hydrogen in the envelope.
This is because the lower temperature of the burning shell for a smaller core mass drastically reduces the nuclear energy generation rate by the CNO cycles.
Obviously, the  subsequent  evolution is strongly affected by this decline of the energy generation rate.

The evolution after the envelope stripping is computed with usual setups with mesh rezoning.
The companion model with $M_{\rm c}=0.285~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ shows an abrupt drop of the energy generation rate at $M_{\rm env, es}=2 \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} 3\times10^{-3}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ (Fig. \ref{fig:nuc}).
Figure \ref{fig:evo285} shows the  temporal evolution of  the effective temperature $T_{\rm eff}$, radius $R$, and luminosity $L$ for $M_{\rm c}=0.285 ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ with different residual envelope masses of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} = \pow{1}{-1}$, $\pow{1}{-2}$, $\pow{1}{-3}$, and $\pow{1}{-4}~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
As seen from the  figure, the structure of the envelope is bifurcated by a critical mass of the envelope  between $10^{-2}$ and $10^{-3} ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
Models with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} > 10^{-2} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$  continue the hydrogen burning. These stars  become faint immediately after the envelope stripping but eventually return to the RGB in $\sim 1,000$ yr, while models with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$  below the critical mass do not recover the hydrogen burning and evolve to white dwarfs. Their luminosities at $\sim 1,000$ yr are sensitive to $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ and decrease with  decreasing $M_{\rm env}$ because of decreasing amount of nuclear fuels.
 The critical envelope mass  is estimated to be $ 2 \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} \pow{3}{-3} ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ for this particular core mass.
Therefore, we need to investigate possible outcomes from the envelope stripping to assess the detectability of He-WD companions around type Ia SNe.

Figure \ref{fig:100yr}  summarizes $T_{\rm eff}$, $R$, and $L$ as functions of $M_{\rm env}$ or $M_{\rm hyd}$  for the models presented in Figure \ref{fig:nuc} at $100$ yr after the envelope stripping. Here $M_{\rm hyd}$ denotes the total mass of remaining hydrogen  in the star.

These models have various thermal timescales spanning a few orders of magnitude depending on the residual mass of the envelope. Some models evolve in 100 yr after  the stripping while some models do not significantly change their appearance for 1,000 yr.  For example,  the luminosity still increases for $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} \sim 10^{-2} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:evo285}. On the other hand, the model with  $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} \sim 10^{-1} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ does not change its luminosity or surface temperature.

The bumps of $\ensuremath{T_{\textrm {eff}}}$ and $\log L$ in $10^{-3}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}<\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}<10^{-2}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ are a consequence of the thermal evolution of  model stars between the red-giant and white dwarf branch on the H-R diagram (See. Fig.~\ref{fig:evohrd}).
All the models decrease their luminosities immediately after the envelope stripping because the timescale of the  stripping is much shorter than the thermal timescale \citep{Langer2000,Podsiadlowski2003}. Then they recover  their luminosities on the thermal timescales depending on the masses of the envelopes and cores if the hydrogen burning still continues. The envelope remains convective if its mass is larger than $10^{-3} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ -  $10^{-2}~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ depending on the core mass. Thus such models quickly recover the luminosities within 100 yr and return to the red-giant branch. For models with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.4 ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ in which the hydrogen burning is extinguished, the envelopes become already radiative and reside on the white dwarf branch. On the other hand, models with less  massive cores have radiative envelopes even if hydrogen is still burning. Then the model with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.285~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, for example, is fainter for less massive envelopes  ($\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}<10^{-2} ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$)  partly due to lower energy generation rates and partly due to lower efficiency of the convective transport of energy.   Models with the same core mass but with thinner envelopes become brighter as long as hydrogen is burning because the radiation can more quickly transport the energy.
If the envelopes are thin enough and the hydrogen burning is extinguished, models already reside on the white dwarf branch and no longer evolve for next $100 \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} 1,000$ yr because the thermal timescales in the envelopes are very short.
Thus the critical values of $M_{\rm env}$ or $M_{\rm hyd}$  that divide the evolution into  the two branches are larger  for a smaller core mass, which is, of course, a consequence of  $M_{\rm env, es}$ at which the energy generation rate dramatically drops (Fig. \ref{fig:nuc}).

Once the hydrogen burning is extinguished,  model stars move to the white dwarf branch on the H-R diagram as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:100HR}. The points with the same symbols represent models at $100$ yr with different values of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ starting from the same core mass.
Apparently, model stars follow the evolution from the red-giant branch to the white dwarf with strong mass loss. Thus the evolutionary path on the H-R diagram may also enable us to estimate the mass of the helium core of the companion star at the instance of the SN, which will help understand characteristics of the binary evolution.

\begin{figure*}[ht]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{eps/HR2.eps}
 \end{center}
  \caption{
  Location and evolution of models with  $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.132~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ (left) and $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.285~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ (right) after the envelope stripping. The open circles denote models immediately after the envelope stripping, each of which represents a different value of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}(\ensuremath{M_{\odot}})$ along the sequence from the red-giant to white dwarf branch. The lines starting from the open circles show the evolutionary tracks after the envelope stripping. The filled symbols denote the locations at $10^n$ yr ($n=2,3,4,5,6$) as indicated in the panels.
  }
  \label{fig:evohrd}
 \end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{eps/LEbind.eps}
   \end{center}
 \caption{
   Temporal change of the luminosity during the energy injection for models with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.132~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ (left) and $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}= 0.190~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ (right) . Energy is injected  at a constant rate into the residual envelopes of the envelope-stripped companions within 1 year.
  Individual lines represent models with different values of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ indicated in each panel.
  }
  \label{fig:LEbind}
\end{figure*}
\begin{table}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c l l} \hline \hline
$\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ ($\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$) & 0.132 & 0.190 \\ \hline
 Case 1 & $5.5\times10^{46}$ & $7.4\times10^{46}$ \\
 Case 2 & $2.8\times10^{46}$ & $3.7\times10^{46}$ \\
 Case 3 & $5.5\times10^{45}$ & $7.4\times10^{45}$ \\
 Case 4 & $2.8\times10^{45}$ & $3.7\times10^{45}$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Parameters for the injected energy (in erg) for two helium core masses. All the models in this table have the same envelope mass of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}=\pow{1}{-2} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.}
\label{tab:model}
\end{table}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{eps/evoinj.eps}
    \end{center}
 \caption{
  Time evolution  of effective temperature (top), radius (middle) , and luminosity (bottom) for models in Table~\ref{tab:model} with the same envelope mass of $\pow{1}{-2} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
  The injected energy and the helium core mass are indicated in the top panels.
  }
  \label{fig:evoinj}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
  \begin{center}
 \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{eps/contour4.eps}
     \end{center}
 \caption{
Contour plots of the absolute V magnitudes of models at $400$ yr after the supernova explosion as  functions of the envelope mass and  the helium core mass (left). The right panel shows the same but as a function of the hydrogen mass in the envelope and the helium core mass.
  No energy is injected into the envelope.
   The  crosses show the locations of computed models.
  }
  \label{fig:contour}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Models with energy injection}

We  examine  six models  with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}=0.132$ and $0.190 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, each of which has $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} = \pow{1}{-2}$, $\pow{1}{-3}$, or $\pow{1}{-4} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$
to see effects of  heating by SN ejecta on the thermal evolution of the envelope.
We have chosen models fainter than the detection limit of  SNR 0509-67.5 (described later in Figure \ref{fig:contour}) without energy injection.
The resultant evolution of luminosity during the energy  injection of  the six models are shown in Figure \ref{fig:LEbind}.

We follow the evolution after the energy injection for $\sim 1,000$ yr.
To exemplify the subsequent evolution, we pick up four models from each of those with the two core masses. These models have the same envelope mass of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}=1\times10^{-2}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ but with different amounts of injected energy listed in Table~\ref{tab:model}.
The total injected energy $E_{\rm inj}$ for each $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ amounts to approximately one fourth or one third of the total gravitational binding energy of the envelope.
The evolution of  representative models are shown in Figure \ref{fig:evoinj}.

Models in Case 1 once expand the envelopes in response to the energy injection, but soon the envelopes shrink on the Kelvin-Helmholtz contraction timescale,
\begin{eqnarray}
t_{\rm KH}&\sim& \frac{GM_{\rm c}M_{\rm env}}{RL}\nonumber \\
&=&60\,{\rm yr}\left(\frac{M_{\rm c}}{0.190\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}}\right)\left(\frac{M_{\rm env}}{0.01\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}}\right) \left(\frac{10R_\odot}{R}\right) \left(\frac{100L_\odot}{L}\right).\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
In particular, the model with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.190 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ evolves back to a giant at first and then reduces its radius by a factor of three in 60 yr ($t_{\rm KH}$). On the other hand, models with less injected energies (other than Case 1) remain on the white dwarf branch. The energy injection from SN ejecta delays the thermal adjustment of the remaining envelope.  This also holds  for other envelope masses  such as $M_{\rm env}=10^{-3}$ and $10^{-4} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.

 As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:LEbind}, the  luminosity suddenly increases when the amount of injected energy exceeds a certain critical value  for each model.  The critical  energy  is roughly proportional to the mass of the envelope.
This sudden increase in the luminosity can be ascribed to a change of the thermal structure of the envelope from a radiative to a convective envelope.
The model shifts to a giant once a sufficient amount of energy is  injected into the envelope.
As is shown in Figure \ref{fig:evoinj}, the luminosity of the giant monotonically declines immediately after the injection.
On the other hand, models with lower $E_{\rm inj}$ remain on the white dwarf branch.
These models keep their luminosities at the end of energy injection for several hundred years as shown in Figure \ref{fig:evoinj}.

\section{Comparison with SNR 0509-67.5}
We revisit the possibility of the existence of a surviving companion for SNR 0509-67.5, once excluded by
\citet{Schaefer2012}.
They argued that a possible ex-companion should be  fainter than $M_{\rm V}=8.4$  at the age of $\sim400$ yr and that no such a faint ex-companion has been predicted from the SD scenario in the literature. As discussed above, the thermal evolution of the residual envelope is important for this timescale.
We follow the evolution of  surviving red-giant companions  after the impact of SN ejecta in different circumstances parametrized by three quantities $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$, $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$, and $E_{\rm inj}$.
By comparing our results with this observational limit, we put constraints on the SD scenario.
We calculate $M_{\rm V}$ at 400 yr after the impact as functions of these three parameters.
To obtain $M_{\rm V}$, we use a trilinear interpolation of the bolometric correction of the color transformation tables of \citet{1998A&AS..130...65L} on a grid composed of the surface gravity $\log g$, the effective temperature $T_{\rm eff}$, and [Fe/H] . We adopt the extinction parameter $R_{\rm V} = 3.1$ and the reddening parameter $E({\rm B} - {\rm V}) = 0.075$.

Figure \ref{fig:contour} shows the contour plots of $M_{\rm V}$ at 400 yr after the impact as functions of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$ and $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ without energy  injection , i.e., $E_{\rm inj}=0$.
For models with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} \gtrsim 0.3~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, the mass of the envelope to satisfy the observational limit for SNR 0509-67.5 needs to be smaller than $\sim 10^{-3} \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
         This value corresponds to $\approx 0.2$ \% of the initial envelope mass of $1 ~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ star and is comparable to the theoretical limit for the remaining mass of giants according to \citet{Marietta2000}.
Therefore it may be unlikely that an evolved red-giant with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} \gtrsim 0.3~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ is a candidate for the surviving companion of SNR 0509-67.5.
For less evolved giants with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} < 0.25~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, we have a plenty of the parameter space to fulfill the condition that the companion star is not detectable with the current observational upper limit, if we ignore the energy injected into the envelope.

In the following, we discuss the detectability of ex-companions with core masses of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.132$ and $0.190~ \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ taking account of the energy injected by SN ejecta. Other models with more massive cores ($\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}>0.28~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$) are already too bright to satisfy the observational limit for the ex-companion in SNR 0509-67.5.

As shown in Figures \ref{fig:LEbind} and \ref{fig:evoinj}, the maximum injected energy consistent with an ex-companion in this SNR is estimated by the luminosity immediately after the energy injection by ignoring the change of the luminosity over $\approx 400$ yr after the explosion.
Table \ref{tab:injcrit} shows the critical values of the  injected energy $E_{\rm inj,\,crit}$  to satisfy the observational limit.
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
$M_{\rm c}({\,M_\odot})$&$M_{\rm env}({\,M_\odot})$&$E_{\rm inj,crit}({\rm erg})$ \\ \hline
0.132&$1\times10^{-2}$&$1.1\times10^{46}$ \\
0.132&$1\times10^{-3}$&$1.1\times10^{45}$ \\
0.132&$1\times10^{-4}$&$6.4\times10^{44}$ \\
0.190&$1\times10^{-2}$&$3.9\times10^{45}$ \\
0.190&$1\times10^{-3}$&$1.0\times10^{45}$ \\
0.190&$1\times10^{-4}$&$1.2\times10^{44}$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Critical injected energy  (in erg) for  models to have a brightness of $M_{\rm V}=8.4$ at 400 yr.}
\label{tab:injcrit}
\end{table}

The values in Table~\ref{tab:injcrit} correspond to $\sim 1 \ensuremath{\, \mathchar`- \,} 10$ \% of the energy that a companion star filled in the Roche lobe may receive from a SN.
Suppose that a $1 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ star fills  its Roche lobe.   The star receives the kinetic energy brought by the ejecta passing through the Roche lobe. If the total energy of the SN is $10^{51}$ erg, the  energy injected into the companion is estimated to be  $\sim3\times10^{49}$ erg  by considering the geometrical cross section of the red-giant using the fomula in \citet{Eggleton1983}.
If the energy is equally distributed per unit mass  in the entire envelope, the remaining envelope  should retain $\sim3\times10^{45}$-$3\times10^{47}$ erg for $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}=10^{-4}$-$10^{-2}\,\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$.
Since the distribution of the energy injected into the envelope is not well understood and not necessarily homogeneous, this is only a rough estimate.
Although detailed numerical simulations are desirable to see whether such energies can be injected into tightly bound residual envelopes very close to the core edge, there are apparently some parameters  for which a surviving companion becomes too faint to be detected as a result of the envelope stripping.

\section{Conclusions}

We consider the evolution of surviving red-giant companions strongly affected by SN explosions.
The parameters we investigated are  the mass $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$  of the helium core of a red-giant, the residual envelope mass $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}$ after  the envelope stripping process, and the amount of the  energy $E_{\rm inj}$ injected into the envelope  by the SN ejecta.

We found that the brightness of a surviving companion after the SN is mainly determined by the mass of the helium core and the residual envelope mass. Companions suddenly become  faint  during the stripping when the envelope mass is reduced down to $10^{-2}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$-$10^{-4}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ depending on $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}}$.
The critical value of the envelope mass (or hydrogen mass) decreases with increasing core mass.
After the  stripping, the envelope approaches a thermal equilibrium state on  the Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale, which results in the increase of the luminosity. Once the thermal equilibrium is achieved, the companion settles on the evolutionary track of mass losing red-giants.
On the other hand, a companion in the white dwarf branch also has a chance to evolve into a red-giant by energy injection, but the red-giant gradually shrinks on the timescale of $\sim1,000$ yr.

The results of our models are applied to the case  of SNR0509-67.5 whose detection limit to the ex-companion star is ${\rm M_{V}} = 8.4$ at $400$ yr \citep{Schaefer2012}.
 We find that this limit excludes progenitors with $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} \gtrsim 0.3~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ due to very small ($\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}} < 10^{-4}~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$) envelope mass allowed for surviving companions.
For $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.19~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ models, ex-companions should have the envelope mass of $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}<0.02~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ ($M_{\rm hyd}<0.01~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$).
For even smaller core mass of  $\ensuremath{M_{\rm c}} = 0.10 \ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$, the surviving stars can retain $\ensuremath{M_{\rm env}}<0.1~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$ ($M_{\rm hyd}<0.03~\ensuremath{M_{\odot}}$) .

We estimated the maximum  energy injected into the envelope by the SN ejecta, to account for no detection of the ex-companion star for SNR 0509-67.5 and found that there exists a range of parameters for the ex-companion star even with some injected energy. If  less than 0.1\% of the kinetic energy of a part of the SN ejecta colliding with the companion is injected into the envelope, then the companion of SNR 0509-67.5 could be faint enough.

Detailed simulations of the propagation of a SN blast wave in the envelope will provide us with more stringent constraints on the parameter range to be consistent with the observations of  SNR 0509-67.5 under the SD scenario.

\bibliographystyle{apj}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Please Help about array in Facebook hello I need help to "echo" this array
Array ( [location] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 109064359132595 [name] => Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia ) [id] => 926370114003325 )

Thanks for the help :)

A: maybe this can help who have same problems, i solved this problems
foreach ($data as $tes) {
echo $tes->name."</ br>\n";}

:D

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Reba L. Bartlett
September 18, 1915 ‒ July 27, 2004
Mount Vernon, Ohio
In Reba's Memory
Dowds-Snyder Funeral Home 201 Newark Road , Mount Vernon Ohio , 43050
Friday, Jul 30, 2004 from 11:00am - 1:00pm
Reba L. Bartlett, age 88 of Belmont Avenue, Mount Vernon, passed away on Tuesday July 27, 2004 at the Laurels of Mount Vernon. She was born on September 18, 1915 to the late Chester and Bessie (Hill) Johnson. Mrs. Bartlett was a member of the Ebenezer United Methodist Church, Retired Senior Volunteer Parent at the Mount Vernon Developmental Center and former member of the Women of the Moose. She also worked 25 years as a sales clerk for J. C. Penny and was former co-owner of the 3 Gables Inn.
She is survived by a son, Thomas (Candy) Bartlett of Mount Vernon, three grandchildren, HiDee (Silverwood) Ekstrom, Brent Silverwood, Danette (Silverwood) Phelps, a step granddaughter, Theresa (Burris)Vernon, three great grandchildren, one step great granddaughter a brother in law, Richard Bartlett of Florida and sister in law Ruth Johnson of Mount Vernon
She was preceded in death by her loving husband Henry D. Bartlett, and infant son, David Lee Bartlett, three grandchildren, Chad Bartlett, Tedi Lyn Bartlett, Christopher Richard Bartlett, and two brothers, Lowell and Elton Johnson.
Friends may call Friday from 11 AM to 1 PM at the Dowds-Snyder Funeral Home where a funeral service will be Friday at 1 PM. Rev. Dale Sanford will officiate.
Burial will follow in Ebenezer Cemetery.
Memorial contributions may be made to Ebenezer United Methodist Church, in care of Sharon McFarland, 18099 Lower Fredericktown Amity Road, Butler, Ohio 44822.
This obituary and guest registry may be viewed online at www.snyderfuneralhomes.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


New York: The Monacelli Press, 2003.
First edition. Quarto, original illustrated wrappers, illustrated throughout. Signed by Peter Eisenman. In near fine condition.
Blurred Zones: Eisenman Architects 1988-1988.
New York: Monacelli Press, 2003.
First edition. Folio, original gray cloth. Inscribed by architect Peter Eisenman. Fine in a fine dust jacket.
Codex: The City of Culture of Galicia.
New York: Monacelli Press, 2005.
First edition of this work by Eisenman. Oblong quarto, original wrappers as issued, illustrated. In fine condition. Signed by Peter Eisenman on the half-title page.


text:
Q: R modify a program for our own needs I am using the gs function provided in the bnlearn package. The dput(gs) is provided below.
function (x, cluster = NULL, whitelist = NULL, blacklist = NULL,
    test = NULL, alpha = 0.05, B = NULL, debug = FALSE, optimized = TRUE,
    strict = FALSE, undirected = FALSE)
{
    bnlearn(x = x, cluster = cluster, whitelist = whitelist,
        blacklist = blacklist, test = test, alpha = alpha, B = B,
        debug = debug, optimized = optimized, strict = strict,
        undirected = undirected)
}

I am wondering how I can change gs to be suited for my own needs. For example, I would like to increase the alpha value from 0.05 to 0.15.

A: Those are just default values so that you can call gs(x) without specifying the other parameters.
To modify alpha, simply do:
gs(x, alpha=0.15)


We Send our sincere condolences to Ganjah K Hip Hop Legend.
This entry was posted on December 27, 2017 at 6:19 pm and is filed under Uncategorized with tags Ganjah K, Good Life Project Blowed, los angles hip hop, music.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
A 2015. évi nyári universiadét 2015. július 3. és július 14. között rendezték a Dél-Koreai Kvangdzsuban.

Összesített éremtáblázat

Eseménynaptár

Jegyzetek

Források
 A hivatalos honlap

2015 a sportban

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We're only a month into the NBA season, and all everyone wants to talk about is the Draymond Green-Kevin Durant feud or LeBron James and the Los Angeles Lakers. Anytime the MVP debate comes up, everyone wants to mention Kawhi Leonard and the 14-4 Raptors, or Giannis Antetokounmpo and the 14-4 Milwaukee Bucks. There's no problem with Kawhi Leonard and Giannis Antetokounmpo, as they are both having incredible seasons, but largely overlooked is the situation going on in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The Charlotte Hornets are 8-8 this season led by all-star point guard Kemba Walker. Is led even the right word though? Kemba Walker isn't leading, but rather carrying this entire roster on his back, averaging 29.6 points per game, which is the most in the NBA. He's shooting 46.5% from the field, and 38.9% from downtown, and also averaging 6.1 assists per game, and 4.4 rebounds per game. Cardiac Kemba is dominating NBA opponents right now (had to refer to him as Cardiac Kemba at least once here).
That will forever be one of my favorite plays of all-time. Anyway… let's move back into the present.
The Hornets being .500, and currently in a playoff spot is what makes Kemba Walker's start to the season even more impressive. Think about this Charlotte roster… The second best player on this team is Nic Batum, who's far past his prime, and averaging just 9 points per game, and nearly 6 rebounds per game. The second leading scorer on this team, is Jeremy Lamb, who's averaging 13.7 points per game. Imagine having Jeremy Lamb as your second scoring option, and being a .500 team! Lamb would be a solid bench scorer on a contending roster, but by no means is he a real second scoring option.
I'm not done talking about this roster though. The Hornets' fourth leading scorer is Tony Parker, who's 36 years old! The rest of the roster is comprised of NBA Draft busts, such as Michael Kidd-Gilchrist, Marvin Williams, Cody Zeller, Frank Kaminsky, and Bismack Biyombo. To add, they do have two other promising young players in the infant stages of their careers in Malik Monk and Miles Bridges. However, while Monk and Bridges may have a bright future, their impact right now isn't that significant.
If Kemba Walker wasn't on this team, would this team be where Cleveland is at 2-13 at the bottom of the Eastern Conference? Probably. To give you an idea of the dead-weight that Kemba is carrying, think about this. On Saturday night, Kemba Walker dropped 60 points against the 76ers IN A LOSS. Walker scored 60 of his team's 119 points, shooting 21/34 from the field. The rest of the team shot the ball 65 times, and only made 21! This means the rest of the team shot 32.3% from the field.
On Monday night, Kemba Walker scored 43 points in a win vs. the Celtics. He went 7/13 from three-point range in this game. The rest of the Hornets shot 8/28 from downtown, which is a whopping 28.6%!
Kemba Walker is bailing this team out right now. The success of Walker, a 6'0″ point guard, has a striking resemblance to Isaiah Thomas's season with the Celtics in 2016-2017, where he scored 28.9 points per game. The main difference though is that Thomas had a bit more help. Al Horford, Avery Bradley, and Jae Crowder in that season would have all been the second best player on this current Charlotte Hornets team.
Looking to the future, the fate of Kemba Walker's MVP candidacy is liking going to be determined by wins and losses for the Hornets. I'm not sure that Charlotte is going to be able to get enough wins for Walker to actually win the award. However, with the Hornets currently in a playoff spot, this needs to be discussed more. You never hear Kemba's name in any basketball conversation. If you were to ask most NBA fans who the NBA's leading scorer is right now, 80% of them would NOT say Kemba Walker.
Even if Walker doesn't win MVP, Michael Jordan could have a tough time keeping him in Charlotte once 2019 free agency opens. The Knicks and Lakers will likely be players for Kemba Walker, so is he really going to want to stay in Charlotte? He's said he wants to, but you never know. I also wouldn't be surprised if Michael Jordan is aggressive at the trade deadline attempting to get another all-star like Bradley Beal alongside Kemba Walker. This would potentially convince Walker to stay with Charlotte past this summer.
Whether or not Kemba Walker will continue his dominance for the rest of the season is unknown, but it should be a storyline to look for going forward.


No Service center Address found. Call 18001036286 in Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.
Mobile Market, Jalaun, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.
Service center Address not found. Call 1800 102 3388 in Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.
Call 18004190655 in Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.
MAIN MARKET, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.
KRISHNA ENTERPRISES ( Service Centre ) MAIN MARKET, JALAUN, near tehsil , Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh.


Oh, so sorry to hear about your colleague's mother – that sounds like a very good use of her yarn.
The vest is adorable on Maggie!
I should note that Maggie's super slim and short like her parents. If she was the size of most of her friends, the fit would have been much truer. (If she was the size of her Amazon BFF, Marsha would have needed a lot more yarn! That child's the size I was in fifth grade, but I digress.) But Maggie does love the vest and can't wait to wear it to school this fall.
beautiful vest – Maggie has the good sense to wear such a fashion statement! Bravo!!!!
Nice vest, I don't know Maggie, but she sure looks proud in the photo. Question, Marsha, how did you knit the vest in the round as and it buttons up the front?
Beth, I didn't officially knit it in the round in that I didn't use steeks. I knit it flat, back and forth. Almost all of Ann Budd's sweater patterns call for knitting sweaters in pieces and seaming them together. I wanted a totally seamless version.


I wanted to break for a post from the New Zealand adventure chat, to update you on yet another magical escape enjoyed at Monachyle Mhor. If you haven't already been guys, get it on the UK Bucket List right away!
If you are a regular reader of Pink Tartan Doll (ta very much if so), then you will already know that Monachyle Mhor is my favourite Scottish escape and it was here I spent my 30 birthday a couple of weeks ago. Even with my two-day hangover couldn't detract from my adoration of the place.
So what makes Monachyle Mhor so unmissable?
Firstly the hotel is pink. Yes I know that might seem silly/ irrelevant to some, but it really works for me. Not only that but as soon as you catch sight of the pretty hotel, nestled amidst the hills, you feel a sense of romance and good vibes overcome you.
Secondly, it is a heaven for foodie lovers (and you can find out why in my previous posts: Mhor than meets the eye part 1 and part 2).
Thirdly the interiors are styled in a luxe country yetmodern vibe. Think feature rooms accessorised with fur rugs (real I think), quirky Scottish props and oversize furniture wrapped in tweeds.
Fourthly for the awe-inspiring surrounding landscape. One can expect to see mountainous peaks, magnificent lochs and an array of wildlife, including the rather elusive red squirrels This scenery offers the perfect walking opportunities ideal for exercising off any over-indulgence at the hotel.
You can take your dug! The courtroom accommodation at Mhor is dog-friendly, so you can take your bestie with you to enjoy the amazingness too!
And last but not least for the Food Festival the hotel plays host to during the second Bank Holiday in May. If you have not been GO! And take your kids, pets, granny, neighbours, everyone. This is an all inclusive family festival serving up fantastic food, delightful drinks and an array of entertainment. If you go this year, I'll see you there!


text:
Home Business Apple supports one million jobs in India, plans to grow its footprint
Apple supports one million jobs in India, plans to grow its footprint
Apple supports one million jobs in India
Apple Inc said that it is investing significantly in the Indian market to broaden its reach to more local suppliers and engage with more of them throughout the country. The (Apple) iPhone manufacturer also noted that it has already supported more than 1 million direct and indirect jobs in the country.
Related Post – 5 Things to Keep in Mind While Buying a Wedding Lehenga
Apple's employment estimates include its own employees, app developers for its iOS ecosystem, as well as workers and suppliers who support its factories in the country that manufacture several models of the iPhone.
It has been over two decades since Apple set up shop in Bengaluru and began manufacturing iPhones in 2017. Several of Apple's manufacturing partners, such as Foxconn, Wistron, and others, have opened offices in Chennai. Apple's vice president of operations, Priya Balasubramaniam, says that more iPhone models are being produced for domestic and international customers.
See Also Wave of retrenchment continues, now Spotify and InMobi are also laying off employees
The iOS app economy in India as well as our work with suppliers account for around 1 million jobs currently supported by Apple in India, Balasubramaniam said. Apple also has development centers for Maps in Hyderabad and Bengaluru, in addition to its corporate offices. A tool that helps budding app developers improve their products and increase customer satisfaction.
Apple plans to open additional physical retail stores in the country to further expand its presence there. September 2020 marks the opening of Apple's India store.
In his address at the Bengaluru Tech Summit on Thursday, Apple's Balasubramaniam stated that India can play a vital role in the global transformation of the manufacturing sector. As several new technologies are rapidly transforming the manufacturing sector, manufacturers aren't an old profession as people believe. Among them are artificial intelligence, machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, advanced robotics, and 3D printing. It is called Smart Manufacturing by Apple.
See Also Amazon launches air freight service in India, says it will help speed up deliveries
As part of its smart manufacturing initiative, an American tech company is setting up monitoring stations in India that use video machine learning. It will enhance productivity by enabling remote monitoring and control, she said.
Related Post – Praful Billore, Popular As MBA Chai Wala, Overcome all hurdles to become an Entrepreneur
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رزمجوئی, پروین, زارعی, رضا. (1397). نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روانشناختی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگی کاری. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی روشها و مدلهای روانشناختی, 9(33), 71-86.
پروین رزمجوئی; رضا زارعی. "نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روانشناختی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگی کاری". فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی روشها و مدلهای روانشناختی, 9, 33, 1397, 71-86.
رزمجوئی, پروین, زارعی, رضا. (1397). 'نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روانشناختی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگی کاری', فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی روشها و مدلهای روانشناختی, 9(33), pp. 71-86.
رزمجوئی, پروین, زارعی, رضا. نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روانشناختی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگی کاری. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی روشها و مدلهای روانشناختی, 1397; 9(33): 71-86.
مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت،ایران.
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت خانواده ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگیکاری با توجه به نقش میانجی توانمندسازی روانشناختی میباشد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل آموزگاران زن حقالتدریس شهرستان کوار بوده که تعداد آنها 128 نفر میباشند. به دلیل تعداد کم حجم نمونه، روش نمونهگیری به شیوهی سرشماری است که تمام واحدهای جامعه را در بر می‌گیرد. برای گردآوری دادهها از چهار پرسشنامه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده(آیزنبرگر و همکاران)، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده(زیمت و همکاران)، کیفیتزندگیکاری(والتون) و توانمندسازی روانشناختی(اسپریتزر) استفاده شده است. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامهها مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج استخراج شده از پرسشنامهها به روش معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرمافزار Spss18 و Amos18 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و بعد خانوادهی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با کیفیت زندگیکاری و توانمندسازی روانشناختی رابطه دارد. نتیجهگیری کلی نیز نشان میدهد که توانمندسازی روانشناختی نقشی میانجی در رابطه حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده(بعد خانواده) با کیفیت زندگی کاری ایفا میکند. بدین معنیکه با ارتقای توانمندسازی روانشناختی، حمایت سازمانی و حمایت خانواده میتوان زمینههای بهبود کیفیت زندگی کاری آموزگاران زن حقالتدریس را فراهم کرد.
"کیفیت زندگی کاری"؛ "حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده"؛ "حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده"؛ "توانمندسازی روانشناختی"
Educational Administration, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
The main aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support on the work quality of life by considering the mediating role of psychological empowerment. A descriptive-correlative method was used in this study. The statistical population of this study included contractual women teachers . They were 128 persons at the time of study. Because of the small sample size, sampling is a census method that includes all units of the community. Four questionnaires of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al), Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al) Psychological Empowerment (Spreitzer), Work Quality of Life (Walton), were used for gathering information. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were confirmed. The Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Structural Equation Modeling) using Spss18 and Amos18 softwares. Results of the analyzed data showed that there was a direct and meaningful relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Family Support with the Quality of Work Life and Psychological Empowerment. The overall conclusion also showes that Psychological Empowerment plays a mediating role in the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Social Support (Family dimension) with Qualitative of Work Life. This means that by improving the psychological empowerment, organizational support and family support, it is possible to improve the quality of life of contractual women teachers.
"Work Quality of Life", "Perceived Organizational Support", "Perceived Social Support", "Psychological Empowerment"
Afshar Zeidabadi, H & Yadollahi, M. (2017). The effect of perceived support on the quality of work life with the role of mediator of job stress in the Mellat bank of Sirjan and Shahrbabak areas. The Second International Management and Accounting Conference, Tehran, Iran.
Akar, H. (2018). The Relationships between Quality of Work Life, School Alienation, Burnout, Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship: A Study on Teachers. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 169-180.
Amraei F, Najafi A, Omidzadeh M. (2015). The effect of quality of work life on empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior (Case Study: Refah kargaran Bank of Lorestan province). Visi Jurnal Akademik, 8, 151-158.
Argon, T., & Ekinci, S. (2017). Teacher Views on Organizational Support and Psychological Contract Violation. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(2), 44-55.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., and Schaufeli, W.B. (2003). Dual processes at work in a call center: An application of the job demands–resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 12, 393– 417.
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L., Mazefsky, C. A., & Eack, S. M. (2017). The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability. Autism, 1362361317703090.
Booraghani Farahani, S. Abdarzadeh, P. Fotovat, B & Poorhosseini, S. (2016). The role of mediator of psychological empowerment and quality of work life on the impact of social capital on organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management Sciences of Iran, 11(41), 117-136.
Bozgeyikli, H. (2018). Psychological Needs as the Working-Life Quality Predictor of Special Education Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 289-295.
Casper, W. J., Harris, C., Taylor-Bianco, A., & Wayne, J. H. (2011). Work–family conflict, perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among Brazilian professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 640-652.
Chiang, C.F., & Hsieh, T.S. (2012).The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190.
Coskuner, S., Costur, R., Bayhan-Karapinar, P., Metin-Camgoz, S., Ceylan, S., Demirtas-Zorbaz, S., ... & Ciffiliz, G. (2018). Mobbing, Organizational Identification, and Perceived Support: Evidence from a Higher Education Institution. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 73, 19-40.
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation.Journal of applied psychology, 75(1), 51.
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I.L., and Rhoades, L. (2002).Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention , Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87 , No. 3, 565-573.
Farhadinezhad, M. & Molla aghamirzayi, A. (2016). Investigating the Relationship Between Social Capital, Psychological Empowerment and Quality of Work Life. The First National Development Management, Hormozgan, Iran.
Ghadampour, E. Mansouri, L & Bakdeli Nasrabad, H. (2016). The role of social support dimensions in predicting the job enthusiasm of female teachers in extraordinary schools in the elementary school of Ahwaz. Journal of Women and Culture, 9(33), 63-75.
Gülaçt F. (2010). The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Subjective Well-Being. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2:3844–49.
Heidarkhani, H. Ghanbari, N & Mohebi, S. (2017). The study of the role of social support dimensions on satisfaction of urban quality of life. Urban sociological studies, 7(23), 105-132.
Hosseini MH. (2015). Examine the Relationship between Employee Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Commitment and Quality of Work life. GUGEF, 4(8), 1- 12.
Kaldi, A. Salahshouri, P. (2012). The study of the effect of social support on women empowerment. Journal of Social Development Studies of Iran, 4(4), 7-22.
Kazemi Shahandashti, S. Arshadi, N. Neisi, A & Naami, A. (2017). The effect of work-family conflict and the enrichment of the work-family on the intention to leave a job and psychological well-being: the mediating role of the balance of work-life. Psychological methods and models, 8(27), 83-109.
Lee, A. N., & Nie, Y. (2017). Teachers' perceptions of school leaders' empowering behaviours and psychological empowerment: Evidence from a Singapore sample. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), 260-283.
Lee, J., Weaver, C., & Hrostowski, S. (2011, December). Psychological empowerment and child welfare worker outcomes: A path analysis. In Child & Youth Care Forum (Vol. 40, No. 6, 479-497). Springer US.
Marzbani, F & Bostan. N . (2016). The role of perceived social support in predicting the psychological well-being of female teachers. The Third International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Journal of Principles of Mental Health, 537-541.
Nasiri Valik Bani, F & Abdolmaleki, SH. (2016). Explain the relationship between perceived social support and quality of life with the mediating role of perceived stress in female headed households in Sanandaj. Applied sociology, 27(4), 99-116.
Nasiri Valik Bani, F & Khodayar, A. (2016). Investigating the relationship between perceived organizational support with Organizational Trust. Human Resource Studies Quarterly, 5(21), 71-96.
Nowroozi S.Hosseini, R. (2013). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Physical Education Officers. Sport Management, No 15, 87-103.
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 224-236.
Parsa, SH. Kasrayi, SH. Abdi,r. Radmanesh, M. & Ghasem Zadeh, A. (2014). The relationship between quality of work life, performance, psychological stress and job satisfaction with employee's citizenship behavior. Social welfare research journal, 14(54), 61-83.
Pourghaz, A & Salehi Rad, S. (2016). Organizational support and its relation to the quality of working life of Zabol Electrical Office. Public Management Researches, 9(32), 97-116.
Sahraei, R.M. Erfani, N. Shabanibahar, GH. Monsef, A & Hosein nezhad. (2015). The Relationship between Empowerment and Perceived Organizational Support Job satisfaction of Physical Education Teachers in Hamedan. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 2(6), 83-91.
Shabanzadeh, A. Zare Bahram abadi, M. Hatami, H. & Zahrakar, K. (2013). Investigating the relationship between stress coping styles and social support with quality of life of women headed by households in Tehran. Journal of Women and Society, 4(4), 1-20.
Sina, H. (2014). Presentation a structural model of prediction of job burnout dimensions based on quality of work life, organizational commitment and knowledge management of managers of Islamic Azad University. Psychological methods and models, 5(17), 55-73.
Sheikhpoor Z, Sheikhpoor M. (2015). Explaining the Relationship between Empowerment and Work Life Quality: A Case Study on the Staff of Social Security Hospital of Zahedan city. J Health Man & Info, 2(3), 101-107.
Zarei, R. (2016). The mediating role of empowerment in relation to organizational intelligence and quality of life. Psychological methods and models, 7(25), 101-117.
Zumrah, A. R. (2015). Examining the relationship between perceived organizational support, transfer of training and service quality in the Malaysian public sector. European Journal of Training and Development, 39(2), 143-160.


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Visually impaired boy plays piano on snow-covered Muş plain
ISTANBUL Feb 18, 2021 - 3:40 pm GMT+3
Visually impaired Turkish boy Bager Çalışcı plays piano on snow-covered Muş plain in eastern Turkey on Feb. 18, 2021. (AA Photo)
by DAILY SABAH Feb 18, 2021 3:40 pm
TikTok brings fame to 92-year-old Malawian musician
Imagine a beautiful winter view, snow-covered plain and the sound of piano playing in the background.
It was always a dream for 9-year-old Turkish boy Bager Çalışcı to hear how the piano would sound echoing in nature.
Before this, Çalışcı's father brought his son, who has a talent called "perfect pitch" and is visually impaired, to the Muş Plain and shared his happiness by having him play the piano under a tree in the snow-covered plain in eastern Turkey's Muş Province.
Explaining that he loves the piano very much and wants to become a successful pianist by receiving a good education, Çalışcı said, "I started my journey for this. I have beautiful dreams. I want to realize them by standing on my own feet without burdening anyone. My father told me how the snow was falling. I said that I wanted to play the piano under a tree in the snow-covered area. I made this dream come true. The sound of the piano in this environment was great. It excited me. I was very happy."
Çalışcı has a special talent that only 1 in 10,000 people in the world has.
Stating that he will give his son the support to make his dreams come true, Çalışcı said: "We came to a place like my son dreamed of. I told him that we were in the middle of a white plain and under a tree. He was very excited and played the piano for a long time. He wanted to learn how the musical notes would come to his ears in a quiet environment. We believe that such environments will improve his ears, his brain. He is very talented."
Çalışcı said that sometimes the boy lays on the floor and puts his head in his hands and works on a new composition for hours. Then he gets up and plays it on his piano. His work is so clear that it is easy to assume that he had worked on the composition before.
Last Update: Feb 18, 2021 5:07 pm
music instruments music piano turkey muş
Dia de Muertos: Day of the Dead celebrations 2021


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Experience Frank Lloyd Wright's stunning Darwin Martin House Complex and the city's modern art collection. Relive part of the city's incredible history at the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site. Explore hip neighborhoods, more than 400 independently-owned restaurants, tree-lined city parks and beaches as well as nearby Niagara Falls and local malls and casinos. The Robert Moses power plant, and many museums located throughout Buffalo.
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Sinbadaz
Clay Siegall & Seattle Genetics Are Fighting Against Cancer
Dr. Sameer Jejurikar Honored By His Patients
March 29, 2019 Sinbad	Leave a comment
Every doctor will say that they got into the profession to help patients. Because of that, any praise that they get from these patients can mean an awful lot to every medical professional. One of the doctors who has found this out is Dr. Sameer Jejurikar, who has frequently been named one of the top Dallas-based doctors based on patient reviews. This entitled Dr. Jejurikar to being rewarded with the Compassionate Doctor Certificate, alongside a Certificate of Appreciation. According to reports, the awards are based on the near 100 million reviews that are annually posted to sites such as Patients' Choice, UCompareHealthCare and Vitals.
The majority of the posts center on feedback on the quality of care and service that patients received from their medical professionals. However, that doesn't mean it's easy to receive the award; on top of needing to offer exceptional patient care skills and extensive knowledge, patients must have near perfect overall and bedside manner scores. Because of this, fewer than 3% or 4% are normally nominated are nominated for or receive the Compassionate Doctor recognition.Dr. Sameer Jejurikar noted that it was quite an honor to receive the award; he also noted that it was especially humbling to receive the award because patients dictate who win them.
Because of that, Dr. Sameer Jejurikar has said that he's very grateful to the patients who went out of their way to give him a positive review on many of these sites. Not long after winning the Compassionate Doctor Certificate, the doctor was also added to The Registry of Business Excellence; this is quite a feat for many and was commemorated with an exclusive recognition plaque. In winning the award, Dr. Sameer Jejurikar beat out hundreds of thousands of other medical professionals in the industry, many of whom were also based in Dallas.
Accounting future, Businesswoman
Expert View on the Future of Accounting with Dabie Tsai
Accounting is a crucial part of every business. It is the most accurate element that can be used to measure the financial performance of any organization. Effective accounting is also a critical part of risk management and mitigation. Dabie Tsai is an accounting expert. She has vast professional experience, having worked for 23 years at the auditing firm KPMG, where she held an extensive array of roles. During her tenure at the firm, she developed expertise in a vast set of specialties such as credit risks, mergers, acquisitions, SEC filings for both domestic and foreign registrants, SOX 404 controls, corporate governance matters, and plenty more.
Over recent years, there have been technological advancements that have aided organizations in achieving goals and objectives more efficiently. This technological evolution has greatly affected the accounting sector, and Dabie Tsai predicts that the future of effective accounting still relies on the influence of computers. Computing is already the most significant revolution that has happened in the accounting industry. Tsai believes that computers will continue to change the field of accounting and influence the efficacy of the profession. She particularly believes in the possibility of software developers coming up with cutting edge technology involving artificial intelligence, automation, and machine learning.
As technology becomes more prevalent in all departments of an organization, Tsai believes in accountant technology. Identifying the appropriate tasks for machine learning will permit human accountants to focus their energy on more complex and/or judgmental tasks. Automation of tasks is one of the most widespread and efficient uses of technology. Tsai notes that these technological advancements will play a key role in improving the value of audits. She advises the key members of the accounting industry to embrace technology.
More interesting facts at https://www.levo.com/dabie-tsai
Doctor, Health and Wellness
Dr. Rand's Career of Helping People
For more than fifteen years Dr. Dov Rand has been working to make an impact on the world of health and medicine. Dr. Rand is an accomplished physician and rehabilitation specialist who currently resides in New Jersey. Currently Dr. Rand is running the Healthy Aging Medical Centers in the New Jersey area. Dr. Rand is focused on helping anyone who has a desire to use innovative strategies to help improve their overall health.
Dr. Dov Rand was born in Washington, DC. He spent most of his youth living in New Jersey. He learned the value of hard work through playing sports as a kid. Dr. Rand played competitive tennis at a high level as a teenager. At an early age he became interested in health and medicine. This lead him to attending Rutgers University where he earned his undergraduate degree.
Just a few years later he earned his medical degree from Howard University. He continued his training by completing his internship at the Saint Barnabas Medical Center and doing his residence at the Albert Einstein Medical Center in New York City (Dialdish).
Dr. Rand is mostly known for his work with the Healthy Aging Medical Centers in New Jersey. Rand and this center is focused on premier weight loss, anti-aging and regenerative medicine. They offer both men and women a number of possible treatments which include high dose vitamin C, MSM, Glutathione and Meyers' Cocktail. Dr. Rand's Centers are committed to helping clients reach their highest potential.
The Doctor credits his daily routine as a strong reason for his success. Each day starts early in the morning when he gets in a workout and a good breakfast. Dr. Dov Rand hits the office early and goes through daily consultations while also reserving time for his long term goals. Dr. Rand is focused on helping people. He has become known as a patient first specialist who wants to provide innovative strategies that help people reach their goals.
Find more information on Dr. Rand´s medical method at https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-dov-rand-xjyfj
Business, Business Expert, Business Strategist, Healthcare Payment Expert
Deirdre Baggot Is Addressing The Changing Landscape Of Healthcare
Health care has been in the news a lot lately as more and more people become concerned with ways to make it affordable while still being fair to everyone that is involved. One of the solutions that many people are proposing is the concept of bundled payments. Among the champions of this form of payment is Deirdre Baggot who developed a career as a healthcare business strategist after years of experience in the health care industry as a nurse and other roles. She has been one of the most important names in her position as the landscape of health care continues to change. View Slideshare.net to learn more about Deirdre Baggot
Not only is she encouraging the industry to make the move to bundled payments, but she is also advocating for patients and healthcare organizations as a whole. To help encourage different systems and doctors to start accepting bundled payments, Deirdre Baggot has been putting a lot of effort into educating others about what they consist of and the benefits that they can have for everyone who is involved with them. She has written more than 20 papers about the subject. In addition, she has worked with over 200 hospitals to help them develop operational procedures. Her experience and talent are why she is one of the most sought after experts in the field.
Bundled payments could be difficult to understand if you are unaware of how the process of health insurance works. A simple explanation would be a set price for the treatment of a condition. If the cost of the treatment ends up being less than the pre-determined amount that is to be paid, the health system treating the patient would still get paid the set amount. The same goes for if the cost goes above. It simplifies the payment process and Deirdre Baggot believes it is the right choice for many systems.
Learn more: https://www.crunchbase.com/person/deirdre-baggot
Rebel Wilson Marches To Beat Of Her Own Drum
"Isn't It Romantic" has become a movie that many plus size women are relating to. They are finding it quite humorous, and Rebel Wilson is glad for all of the accolades that she has been receiving with this film. The 39 year-old recently celebrated a birthday and decided to engage in the a fun spirited costume – a pink kitty – for her birthday this year.
Rebel Wilson appears to be on the verge of gaining a new self confidence as she ages. The "Isn't It Romantic" movie is a reflection of a lot of different things when it comes to the way that plus sized women are treated in Hollywood.
What Rebel Wilson wanted to do was make people laugh and break away from all of the myths that are currently plaguing an industry that tends to overlook plus sized women when it comes to films like this. Read more: Isn't it Romantic Trailer | Glamour and Pitch Perfect for Rebel Wilson | VanityFair
If you have someone like Rebel Wilson in place it becomes quite obvious that you have a built-in audience. This is one of the reasons why "Isn't It Romantic" has been able to do as well as it has. She has been around in the movie business for several years, and many of her fans are extremely supportive of what she is doing in Hollywood.
At 39 she has a lot to celebrate with her birthday because she has a loyal fan base. People are seeing her in movies, and they are relating to the character that she is playing in her most recent film.
It is easy to see how "Isn't it Romantic" has been able to rack up so many accolades in recent weeks.
With a large growing amount of buzz about this film as one of the few romantic comedies that was playing around Valentine's Day it became easy to see how this movie could change perspectives. Read more: Pitch Perfect for Rebel Wilson | VanityFair and Isn't it Romantic Trailer | Glamour
Rebel Wilson may not have set out to be someone that was changing the mindset of young girls that may have never thought that they could see themselves in a romantic comedy, but she has certainly done that.
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She has let more people know that there is a greater amount of diversity in Hollywood for romantic comedies. Someone just has to be willing to give certain things a try. Rebel Wilson is the perfect person for that.
In the past Rebel Wilson has been one of those that has stayed away from the romantic comedy. She has not put herself in a position where she would even do these types of movies.
What has happened, however, is that she is now seeing that there is an audience that has embraced the type of style that she presented this romantic comedy in.
Financial Advisor, Financial Expert
An Insight into the Business Predictions Offered by Paul Mampilly
Numerous investors offer investment advice, and Paul Mampilly is one of them. He can come up with viable forms of advice since he has a lot of experience as a successful investor. Paul Mampilly was born and raised in India. Later on, he came to the U.S. to further his higher educational studies. He adapted to the country's culture fast. After completing his studies, he also joined the Wall Street where he worked for more than two decades. Throughout his career life, he has also held other positions such as being a senior portfolio manager, a money manager, and a senior research analyst. During the period when Paul Mampilly was employed, he also got to learn more about some of the lucrative ventures that people can invest in successfully.
In 2019, Paul Mampilly has begun by offering ten business predictions that will be enticing to numerous investors. These predictions will take place within the year, and they are as follows; The accessibility of Big Data – Big Data has been present for quite some time. Over the years, many tech companies have been gaining a lot from Big Data which is in the form of consumer preferences among other bits of information. Many organizations also rely on this data since they can also sell it to other companies at a reasonable price. The primary challenge is that most of the small companies do not have access to this type of data since they lack the necessary workforce and technology.
However, the companies with a huge budget and the necessary manpower have access to this data. According to Paul Mampilly, more business will be able to utilize this data accordingly. Although this data was only accessible by huge companies because of their large marketing budget, things are about to change. When small companies gain access to Big Data, they will also grow extensively. The interaction between business and consumers will also change. Businesses will adapt to the needs of modern consumers – The success of any business venture is dependent on the marketing techniques being used. More companies are trying to come up with new marketing strategies while also trying to improve the customer experience that their.
Read more: https://hitechchronicle.com/2017/10/paul-mampilly-is-getting-chipped-the-major-technological-advancement-of-the-future/
Business, Energy Industry
locating Agera Energy
Agera Energy is an energy company that supplies, electricity, and natural gas. They also offer energy efficiency solutions to a wider area. They have an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau..
Efficiency Solutions locations
Agera Energy efficiency Solutions can be found in all forty-eight of the continental United States. These include LED lighting and utility invoice audits. The goal here is to help people be more energy efficient. LED lights can be as bright as incandescent light bulbs while using far less power to do so. A utility invoice audit can help you find areas were your home, or business has energy inefficiencies. These Energy Solutions can be obtained in any place in the continental United States, helping people in all of these states to be more energy efficient.
Energy Supply locations
Agera Energy has three business locations, one in Briarcliff Manor, NY, and two in Chicago, IL. However, they have operations in fifteen states including Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and California. They also Supply energy to Washington, DC. They also supply both electricity and natural gas
Agera Energy is an energy company that seeks to help people save energy. While this may seem counterintuitive, it actually helps the company in several ways. It improves the relationship what customers while providing new business opportunities. Improving energy efficiency for its customers also helps the company by preventing overloads. In turn, this reduces blackouts and results in happier customers.
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Agera Energy Can Save You Money
Are you searching for a plan that's right for you and your loved ones? Maybe you are trying to find the right energy solution for your business.
Agera Energy knows how to save money for consumers and can help you save. They have been catering to a wide variety of customers for years and they have the resources to meet your energy and natural gas needs.
Many people are tired of getting high bills and are always searching for lower rates. You can find affordable electricity and gas plans by doing your research. It is crucial that you check out Agera Energy – a top rated energy supplier. The company is well known for helping customers save money on electricity and gas bills.
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Agera Energy was started in 2014 and it has an established history of rendering excellent services to customers. Both commercial and residential customers rave about the outstanding service the company provides. You will be able to check out a variety of choices and plans offered by the company.
The team at Agera Energy knows how important it is to get affordable rates on your electricity and gas bill. With the rates offered by this renowned company, you can keep your home comfortable and your loved ones happy without emptying your bank account.
Agera Energy is a clear choice for anyone or business that wants to get reasonable rates on energy costs. It is recommended that you visit their website to learn more about their products and services and how you can benefit by signing up with them. To watch video click here.
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Business Expert, Business Leader
Guilherme Paulus Takes Tourism to New Levels in Brazil
Guilherme Paulus is a successful entrepreneur born in São Paulo, Brazil. Guilherme studied business administration. He interned at IBM at the age of 20. In 1972 he met Carlos Vicente Cerchiari, a government official. Carlos wanted to expand tourism in Brazil. Paulus wanted to invest in the venture but had no money. Cerchiari offered him a deal to come on board CVC and be the man behind day-to-day operations. They were in partnership for 4 years. CVC provided Guilherme Paulus his first look into tourism in Brazil. He sold part of the company to finance his creative ideas for expanding tourism in his country.
It is now the largest tourism company in Brazil and has over 3000 employees. He has made 30,000 partnerships that he formed while at CVC. Guilherme Paulus invested in GJP Hotels & Resorts. The company now has 14 resorts and hotels. They have 3 levels of luxury hotels including the Linx, Prodigy and Wish hotels being the most luxurious. They are in all major cities and his Wish hotel has won an award for the best golf resort in his country. He also seized an opportunity to own Webjet which started out with one airplane but became the third largest airline in Brazil. He sold the company in 2011.
About Guilherme Paulus travels 2 to 3 times a week for GJP to talk to his people and keep up with changes in the tourism industry. He feels being involved with the day-to-day operations is what has made him successful. He has made sure he kept up with what people want in the tourism industry in Brazil. Guilherme Paulus believes in giving back. He supports programs such as PIET, Alfasol-Solidarity Literacy and Dr. Klaide Care and Education Institution. Guilherme Paulus says that being associated with these organizations has brought him closer to his community and he wants to do everything he can for his beloved country.
Learn From Wes Edens on Sports
The great thing about successful people is that they are walking books in a sense. One will certainly be able to learn from them because of their status. There may not be a specific formula present to copy in an exact manner but what is certain is that there will be specific principles that individuals will be able to learn from.This is true for people such as Wes Edens as well, Edens is a founding partner of the Fortress Investment Group, a leading asset management firm in 1998, Wes Edens is also the owner of the Milwaukee Bucks, a middle level team in the National Basketball Association. Edens seems as if he never stays still, he's always on the move and takes many a different action over the course of each day. But what are the lessons we can learn about Wes Edens? Well, let us take a look.
The first lesson to learn from Wes Edens is to have Humility
In the age of social media, there are a variety of talking heads, and significant personal quality brands that are present in the marketplace. This is something that may seem attractive for many individuals, as it may build their brands, and help to potentially attract financial capital but it may come at a cost. Individuals may become prideful as they grow their audience and believe themselves to a prominent influencers who take erratic actions and moves to continuously grow their brand.
If individuals were to observe Edens in his recent interviews and other interactions he has with different media entities, etc, he always acts in a humble manner. Wes Edens shows that humility does go a long way when conversing with every single individual. When he is present on podcasts or other mediums, Edens will always show gratefulness to the host for having present on the show. Wes will show a more prominent interest in the categories that are being presented by the hosts. This shows that Edens is willing to be humble even if he has quite a bit of accomplishment, he still takes time and makes certain to stay humble.
Learn more: http://www.industrialareasfoundation.org/topics/wes-edens
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Colorless lead glass; cast. Elongated rectangular panel with full length female figure in classical drapery, symbolizing spring; holding flowers in her upraised left hand and a sprig in her right hand, modeled in relief; satin finish over all; marked in model: "Spring" and " ".
Collection of The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY, gift of Corning Glass Works.


Drivers are required to have "Basic" liability car insurance in the state of Washington. Cost-conscious customers typically get the cheapest available insurance to comply with the regulations. However, we recommend that drivers take advantage of all the different types of insurance available in order to be protected in case of an accident. Whether you cause an accident or are hit by someone else, basic liability insurance will not provide adequate protection of your assets nor will it allow you to recover sufficient funds to cover medical treatment or other expenses.
Our focus is on protecting you and your passengers in case of an accident. We strongly recommend having two types of insurance and the largest coverage possible for both: Liability and Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist.
There are several different types of insurance products available, and not all of them are required or necessary in Kennewick, WA. Listed below are the most common types of insurance, and the coverage they offer.
Liability Insurance covers the cost of any damages (such as medical bills, lost wages, emotional distress, etc.) resulting from injuries you cause, and repairs made to property you damage while driving your car. Most states will have a minimum requirement for the amount of liability coverage drivers carry. However, we strongly recommend having the highest liability insurance coverage you can afford. It is not uncommon for damages to be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars if a person has permanent or severe injuries as a result of an accident you caused. Remember, you will be responsible for paying any claims that exceed your coverage limit out of your own pocket.
When someone injures you in a motor vehicle accident, how will the responsible party pay for your injuries and damages if he/she has no liability insurance? What if they do have insurance, but your damages exceed their insurance coverage limits? Based on the current cost of medical care and the high incomes in our area, minimum liability coverage requirements are not nearly high enough to cover all expenses related to an accident. You could find yourself in a situation where the at-fault driver does not have enough insurance coverage, nor does he/she have enough assets to pay your damages. We strongly recommend having the highest UIM (Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist) coverage you can afford to avoid what could be a life-altering situation.
UIM coverage can help cover the costs of these expenses. UIM will pay any damages the at-fault party cannot pay which are deemed to be related to the incident. Furthermore, you might be able to avoid having to go through costly litigation for you to recover what is fair. This type of coverage is typically very affordable, but most people deny UIM coverage at the time of acquiring their insurance policy.
PIP or Personal Injury Protection covers your medical bills when an accident occurs. It also covers wage loss up to a certain amount. The medical expenses and lost income associated with a car accident can pile up quickly, and PIP can help mitigate these costs. Under this coverage, medical bills for all drivers and passengers are paid regardless of who was at fault for the incident. We strongly recommend having the highest PIP coverage, especially if you do not have a health insurance plan or another type of insurance that can cover the expenses related to an accident.
What happens if your vehicle is damaged in a storm, or you hit a deer, or your vehicle is stolen? A basic insurance policy will include liability and collision coverage, which cover accidents – but not these types of claims. To be made whole in these types of situations, comprehensive coverage is required.
Comprehensive coverage is typically not required, especially if your vehicle is older. If you're financing your vehicle, you may be required by the lender to carry this type of coverage. It can be costly, but if you can stretch your budget, it's coverage that's worth having.
Collision insurance will cover the cost of repairs to your vehicle if you are involved in a covered accident. If your vehicle is totaled, your collision coverage will provide you with compensation equal to the value of your car.
Collision is not always required but is often recommended. If you have an older vehicle, it may not be worth carrying this coverage. However, if you have an older car or are a lienholder, collision coverage will be required.


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The Cultivation of Character
It can no longer be about looking good. Cultivation of character is about being good. What if we expected more of ourselves, our kids and the teams we lead?
By Dr Justin CoulsonMonday 6 Sep 2021LifestyleReading Time: 4 minutes
A brave mum raises her hand to ask me a question. There are close to 400 parents in the packed auditorium. The topic was teens and screens, but her question stretches well beyond those boundaries.
She says, "I don't want my son playing those violent games. But how do I not buy them for him?"
I gently mock, chide her. "You mean, how do you not walk into the store, pick up the game, take it to the counter, and hand over your credit card?"
She responds, "The trouble is that even if I don't buy it for him, he just goes to his friends' house and plays it there."
My smile recedes and I pause, let that comment sink in. Then I draw a line under it for the rest of the audience. "Can you hear this mum? She's actually pleading with you. Not me. She's asking you to support her. She wants to keep her son off violent games, off screens, off explicit-rated content. But she can't do it alone. She needs your help."
In some ways this story is about community. It's about the expectations we have of one another. But it's about more than that. My provocation in sharing this story is this:
We don't ask enough of our children, our students, our team – ourselves.
Sure, when it comes to kids I know we ask a lot in terms of academic outcomes. We often demand that they perform well on NAPLAN, in athletics or cross country or swimming or debating – not to mention their extra-curricular activities. Workplaces have their metrics too, and great managers make significant demands.
But – these are all external symbols of our narrow definition of success. They're all of those things related to what David Brooks calls the "résumé" virtues. They're the stuff that makes us look like successful parents because we have successful kids, or like successful teachers because we nailed NAPLAN this year – or a successful business because we crushed our KPIs.
What about the "eulogy" virtues? The virtues that are less about achievement of material or external success and more about achievement of character, wisdom, relationships, and compassion.
Our society demands that we seek out achievement that looks good to others, but leaves us adrift when it comes to doing the deep inner work, the cultivation of character that leads to an enriching inner life.
What if we shifted our demands for kids, students, employees, and ourselves?
What if we stepped away from the outward focus and start playing a bigger game. Yep, even bigger than GTAV (Grand Theft Auto V for the uninitiated).
That night I heard a mum who knew what she wanted. She wanted a son who would live the highest version of himself, who lifts others, who makes people feel stronger, who raises their vision!
To do that, expectations need to change. They can no longer be about looking good. Cultivation of character is about being good.
A principal at a State Primary School in an inner East Brisbane suburb suggested to his student leaders that he wanted them to stay off social media. This was done for a host of reasons including following the guidelines for users of those platforms (no under 13 users), setting an example, and avoiding the procrastination and conflict that so easily follow those using the various apps.
Asking this of students might seem inappropriate to some people. I'm not going to argue for or against app use and social media – although clearly it is not for primary school kids: there are adult things going on there. The point is that we have a principal who is asking his leaders to do something that makes them stand out. It builds their character. It refines and lifts them to a higher level. It teaches them to lead. It changes who they are, and it isn't because of what they do. It's about what they choose to not do.
This mum can't do it on her own. Our kids can't either. And nor can our teams, nor we as adults.
How can we do it as a community? Can we perhaps seek a little more, not of the résumé development opportunities, but of the character development, restraint, respect, and self-discipline that will serve them well throughout their lives?
Let's raise the bar. Let's expect a little more, not in terms of performance and outcome, but in who we are and who we – and those around us – can become.
Article supplied with thanks to Happy Families.
About the author: A sought-after public speaker and author, and former radio broadcaster, Justin has a psychology degree from the University of Queensland and a PhD in psychology from the University of Wollongong.
Feature image: Photo by Jessica Wilson on Unsplash
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An Emasculating Truth - Video Fantastica!
Man-skills are on the decline. Skinny jeans are on the rise. And male testosterone? Declining at 1% a year. What does it all mean for the future of Man? Only one documentary has the balls to ask: An Emasculating Truth.
I watched all 32 minutes of this, very interesting to think about.
Here are my favorite lines.
1. "...remember who they are and who God designed them to be..."
2. "...I'm a man and the whole damn race is named after me..."
3. "...I like people who look the same every day..."
4. "...I don't like artificially worn out clothes...artificially worn out clothes is the height of decadence in our culture..."


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Mrs. Fields Hand-Dipped Berries
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Dynamite Stick Three Pack
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24 Nibblers bite sized cookies
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3 Pack of the Dynamite Stick Assortment.
A little TNT for BFF's make Valentines Day a blast with a fun gift that will blow their socks off in explosively good taste. Our cardboard "dynamite sticks" are each filled with 24 Nibbler bite sized cookies.
This gift is available to ship after 02/04/2021.
Due to our dough mixing process, all of our products may have come in contact with nut oils.
(Products certified when bearing the OU symbol)
Rest assured, all of our baked goods arrive safely packaged in a protective film, which is sealed and secured from contaminants.
Nibblers bite-sized cookies come in a variety of our most popular flavors and arrive in sealed packs of three to preserve out-of-the-oven freshness.
Nibblers bite-sized cookies come three per package and sealed to preserve out-of-the-oven freshness.
To create your own, hot, out-of-the-oven experience, you have a few options: Thawed cookies and brownies can be warmed in the microwave for 10-15 seconds or in a 375 degree oven for up to 2 minutes. Frozen cookies and brownies can be warmed in the microwave for 20-30 seconds or in a 375 degree oven for up to 3 minutes.
To save our cookies and brownies for later, here are some tips: Do not refrigerate any of our sweets, as that will dry them out. Instead, store them in their original sealed packaging or an airtight container at room temperature for up to two weeks. For longer storage, they can be frozen in original sealed packaging for up to 6 months.
While Mrs. Fields baked products have a shelf life of 12 days, we recommend enjoying your treat as soon as it is received for optimal taste and freshness.
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Top floor apartment in the middle of the village looking at the mountain Teide and the sea, for sale fully furnished and fitted, 3 bedrooms, one large bathroom, living - dining room, independent kitchen and large balcony. Only six apartment in the building.
Top floor apartment in the middle of the village looking at the mountain Teide and the sea, for sale fully furnished and fitted, 3 bedrooms, one large bathroom, living - dining room, independent kitchen and large balcony. Only six apartment in the building..
Monday to Friday	9:30–13:30, 16:30–19:30, Saturday	10:00–13:00, closed on Sundays.
Two storey house with fantastic garden and barbecue.