What Crit-Chance Percentage, or Precision number, do I have to hit to get 100% with Boons?
Title. Help me out, you wizards, you... Optimizing my builds right now.
I need to know how to hit 100% WITHOUT using any boons of my own.
EDIT: Think I found my answer. 2073 precision seems to be the number I have to hit before spotters, fury and banners to get 100%.
There's no need going further than 80% if you play alone, as fury will cap it.
68×21 = 2428 points in precision.
2428-175= 2253, which is easily doable with assasins gear or get very close with ascended marauder/zerker with traits and other food/utility buffs.
This heavily depends on the class und build you are using. Guards can gain 60% (up to 75% for 1h weapons) critical rate just from using Radiance. Renegades can get 73% from Roiling Mists (Invocation) and Brutal Momentum (Renegade). Also team comp is important. Have you access to perma fury, banners, spotter? Also also runes, sigil, food und stat conversions. The question is simply to complex to give an simple answer without knowing details. Also 100% crit chance is not needed as it depends what you have to sacrifice for this crit rate (stats).
This wiki site (Average damage increase) might also be interesting.
So I really don't want to know how to hit 100% if I have crit-chance sources of my own. I want to know how I can hit 100% when everybody else buffs me. I know you're trying to help, but that doesn't tell me what I want to know.
You do realize though that the math rng.1024 did was for reaching 100% crit WITH fury boon right?
Now this does not take into account which class you play and any traits you might be using which increase crit chance beside boons.
100% (max crit chance) - 20% (fury)- 7% (sigil) - 5% (base crit chance) = 68% needed.
Every 21 points in precision raises your crit chance by 1%, so right now you'll need 68*21 = 1428 + 1000 (base precision at lvl 80) = 2428 precision.
2428 (current precision) - 170 (banner) - 100 (spotter) = 2158 points needed in precision to reach 100% crit chance.
These values are useful in order to achieve an easy constant 100% crit rate for all classes in a regular raid/fractal scenario.
There are other benefits, like thief's precision when under quickness, interrupt sigils and the like, but they sometimes don't have 100% uptime and therefore can't be relied upon in every group.
If there are other flat crit chance modifiers you want to calculate, remember to subtract the 1000 base precision first before calculating percentages.
A guardian with the trait "Righteous Instincts" that give him 50% extra crit chance when under the effect of retaliation.
We already calculated above that the generic class will need 2158 precision with party buffs to reach 100% crit chance.
You calculate this by first subtracting the base precision (2158-1000=1158), then apply the percentage (1158×0,5=579) then add the base value again so it fits with the hero panel (579+1000=1579). A guardian with the buffs only need 1579 precision to get 100% crit chance. Remember the minor traits too, like 10% crit chance on burning enemies, 15% with one handed weapons - just add these to the percentage (here 0,5-0,1-0,15=0,25, so with those modifiers you'll only need 1158*0,25~290+1000= 1290 points in precision.
Edit: If you have a rune with 175 precision, use (2158-175=) 1983 as the generic value before you subtract the signet modifiers to see how much precision you'll need.
+Banner of Discipline(170(about 8.095238%)/or (255prec/12,142857%) if you are warrior and using inspiring banner trait (+85)= 32.857143% crit chance.
(In other words, Critical Chance is 0% when Precision is 895, and increases by 1% for every 21 Precision above that).
Subtract the amount you get from banner of discipline(170), spotter(100) and fury(20*21=420), and you reach 2305, which is the number we will be aiming for.
49.7% base Crit Chance using ALL ascended berserker's gear.
69.8% base Crit Chance using ALL ascended assassin's gear.
meaning we will need to aim for 2158 base precision if we are using it.
Superior Sigil of Perception stacking increase (+11.90% max/250prec).
False, here from wiki how to calc: Critical Chance is 0% when Precision is 895, and increases by 1% for every 21 Precision above that).
Remember you reach this value before lvl 80 (since attributes cap at 1000 then) meaning you get 105 extra precision at max level - which is 105/21=5% bonus that I took into account before converting crit chance into precision.
I would argue that 100% uptime for Lightning Hammer is hard to achieve (other players picking it up, boss has to remain 100% of the time static) and it isn't the optimal dps choice.
The Signet of Fury Active should not be listed as it has no 100% uptime, no even worse you lose the passive after the 4sec active and have 80% downtime.
I also think you point about reliance on boons (like the quickness example) it a weak point to dismiss other effects. If you go down this route you have to take away fury, spotter, banners. Basically all outside sources. You can't say with 100% certanty that those will be up 100%. That's why personal modifiers are so important. Most of them can be controlled by you. If they have no 100% uptime, that's on you. The other buffs from other players are not under your controll, so they shouldn't be used for 100% uptime calculations according to your own logic. And if 100% crit rate is the way to go for all builds (even power, average damage increase and power calcs are the important points here) is questionable too.
True, at 895 precision crit chance is 0. You reach 895 precision before hitting level 80.
Again, at level 80 you have 1,000 base precision without any gear or trait bonuses. Those 105 extra precision are the 5% base crit chance.
When Arenanet changed the system way back, this was changed. So yes, while you are technically correct that there is no base crit chance, the fact that you are given free 105 precision above the 895 base accounts for a free 5% crit at level 80.
Very easy to check, strip a level 80 character of all stats (gear and traits) and you will see that your base precision is 1,000.
In other words, Critical Chance is 0% when Precision is 895, and increases by 1% for every 21 Precision above that. Since the minimum value of Precision at level 80 is 1000, this means the minimum Critical Chance at level 80 is 5.0%.
I listed class specific effects (signets and conjures) because at the time we didn't know op's preferred profession. Never stated conjures and active signets have 100% uptime, they are included because you can control when they are used. The reason I then calculate with actives, is in case you can cap out without the fury boon, which is suboptimal.
As for other effects: It's a whole lot easier to get a warr and ranger dropping these 2 buffs than it is to get a 100% boon duration chronomancer who knows his rotations (and a party who stick close enough to get them). The banner and spotter don't require active gameplay, and therefore stands to reason they are more easily obtainable in a group.
Yes a thief can get perma quick on his own. Will he then be able to do damage? No. So he need a chrono or fb. The buff isn't even party wide, why would anyone want to include it in order to cap when you don't have full uptime on yourself? Again suboptimal.
According to my own logic only gear, banner, spotter, utility skills and fury can provide a reliable stable 100% crit rate. Taking into account everything else in case the stars align means you're bound to underperform at times since these factors aren't under your control. If your profession is in it for the dps - it won't have 50% boon duration.
You need to reread what was written and which target values were aimed for.
The initial calculation was for reaching 80% crit (which is obvious from the calculation of rng). The later calculations took into account more than just the fury boon.
Second, it makes no difference if you calculate from 895 and 0% crit or from 1,000 and 5% crit, mathematically in relations to crit, it's the same.
Third, you compare base banner of discipline (170 precision) to inspired banner of discipline (255 precision) which rng was using in his later math. On top of that rng was using 7% crit from a Sigil of Accuracy. These two issues make up the difference in your and his calculation.
I never said something about the thief getting the quickness itself. That would be wasted potential. But you mentioned FB yourself. And getting 100% quickness uptime as a FB isn't really that hard. Pressing 2 buttons every couple seconds and maybe a third, depending on boonduration can't be really messed up. But that's the thing, yes the buff are easy to get, this means if you have this classes, always. And this is the problem. What if you don't have them. Either you take optimal conditions into account (right classes, 100% uptime on relevant buffs) or you don't. That's my problem with your logic.
It depends on what you need to sacrifice for the 100% crit-rate. If you take more precision oriented gear just to meet 100% critrate you might miss out on power/ condi dmg. Depending on power calcs/condi application this might lower the damage. Also by taking utilities just to meet 100% critrate you might miss out on powerful abilities which would boost your dps far more. Coming close to 100% sure, but getting 100% at all costs is questionable especially on condi builds as crit procs are not frequent enough to put 100% above all else in priority.
idk bout yall but if I can get 90% crit with fury then I call it a day.
The whole point of giving precision numbers was so that you could invest as little points into precision as possible for more power. 100% critrate coupled with full minor ferocity stat will always yield higher damage over time.
Why on earth would a condi build care about precision? In PvE there are no cleanses, so expertise is king. If the few procs you get for precision is the bulk of your damage, then you are doing it wrong. Looking at the scenario we created above, without any investment in precision you'd already (255(banner)+100(spotter)=355/21=16,9%+5%(lvl80 crit chance)+20%(fury)~42%) crit every 2,5 hit, and since most trait procs have an internal cooldown of more than (let's be generous) 3 seconds, any further investment in precision will be a waste.
Inspiring Battle Standard stats increase only applies to you not allies. Which means you need to be warrior to benefit from it, and in some places for example fractals its better to have Sigil of Impact (+10% damage vs stunned or knocked down foes) to benefit from frequently broken defiance bars.
Players who can not benefit from banner trait(including food)=(2073precision-895)/21=56.0952% crit chance + Banner of Discipline (170/8.095238%) +Spotter (100/4.761904%)+Fury (20x21=420/20%)+Sigil of Perception stacking increase (+11.90% max/250prec)= 3013 Precision/100.857142% Crit chance which is to much.
Yeah only for power based build/proffesion you want to have 100% crit chance, Condition Damage cannot critically strike.
Consequently, condition damage gains no benefit from precision or critical damage modifiers.
A character's chance of critical cannot become higher than 100%.
For condi builds you want to have 100%condi duration + 555 expertise.
For every 15 points of expertise, you gain 1% condition duration.
For every 15 points of concentration, you gain 1% boon duration.
Power based builds= Its possible that some proffesion will get slightly higher affective power with less than 100% crit chance however from quality of life perspective having exatly 100% is very desirable in even if potentially the dps is 0.000001% sub optimal , many proffesions have traits thats convert certain precent of stats X to stats Y, says convert Precision to Ferocity, your stats from gear and food contribute to this but not from signets or buffs.
Why on earth would a condi build care about precision?
That's the point. You wanted to know why 100% crit rate could be questionable (you made no difference between condi or power in your posts). But I'm out of this discussion. It leads to nothing of value. Thank you for your time anyway.
You keep saying the exact same thing, which aside from the mistake on the banner of discipline for other characters beside warrior from rng and my side, is the same thing rng has been doing the math on.
rng did the math WITH 7% crit from a Sigil of Accuracy and based on the 1,000 precision each character has at level 80 (which he refered to as base 5% crit).
You can NOT drop below 1,000 precision. It's the base value at level 80. You are forced to have a base 5% crit, which was accounted for earlier. You repeating the 895 precision being 0% crit does nothing to change this, on the contrary, it simply proves that 1,000 precision is accountable for 5% base crit.
Nobody is disputing the 2995 precision needed for 100% crit. It does not apply though once you factor in 7% crit Sigil and other effects which reduce this number, which was again mentioned in every post. The only mistake was the added precision from the warrior banner affecting other classes.
Which at that point was not wrong, you simply missed the Sigil of Accuracy and the fact that the calculation was meant for 80% crit (and thus a fury boon). The banner mistake came in later.
And you still dont calc with subtracting 1000 from the hero panel value to get your crit chance.
(2073precision-895)/21=56.0952% crit chance + banner of discipline(8.095238%) +spotter (4.761904%)+fury (20%)+ sigil or accuracy(+7%)= 95.9523% crit chance.
but now Spotter dont give 150 longer its instead 100, So we want to have 2305 (with Spotter) or 2405 (without Spotter).
A full ascended set of Berserker items is equal to 961 Precision (dual wield) or 960 Precision (two-handed).
Which brings it down to 1405 Precision or 1305 Precision required (with Spotter).
I can calculate how ever I want, if I account for the 5% crit chance when subtracting 1,000 precision. Which I did.
This also makes way more sense since it is the base value at 80 and one can not go below it.
As for your choice of food, the last thing you want to use it for (this also goes for runes and infusions) is precision. This is simple because power give you the most value (direct) damage increase, precision comes second (more extra damage) and ferocity third (extra damage on that extra damage). So if you cap out on crit chance, which you should by only using gear/traits/skills, then power and ferocity food will pay off tenfold compared to precision food, this also apply to infusion and runes - which is why rune of the Scholar and power infusions are so important for max dps (no precision).
You consistently subtract 895 from the desired precision value. This value is not possible to obtain at level 80 (which is fair to expect a character to be in order to do max dps), and by not accounting for those extra 105 precision you get at lvl 80 you always end up 5% too short. In a lvl 80 scenario you cannot ignore these extra 5%(105/21).
Second you include fury as a 420 precision points into your desired value just to calculate 100%. By gear/traits/skills only 1 or 2 classes in the game can reach this value sacrificing every other stat to get there. Which is why I always start my calculations at 80% (your 100% crit amount of precision minus 420 points), because you want your precision as low as possible for more power and ferocity instead.
Lets assume a regular ascended 961 ferocity. This gives 961/15=64%+150%(base crit damage at lvl 80)=214%. Now assume we cap at 90% crit chance because we want this sigil instead. Now let's take a random number, lets say 100 damage each hit that doesn't crit. If it crits it's 100x2,14=214. With this precision it is bound to crit 9/10 times.
This gives us (9x214)+100 = 2026 total damage. Let's pretend he is constantly stunned here, so 2026x1,1= 2228,6 total damage with the sigil.
Now what happens if we cap at 100% crit chance instead? Now it's (10*214) = 2114 total damage. So in a way you are right. The problem here lies in how often we can benefit from the sigil. But we can't when the bar goes dowm or up, or when it's immune leaving a 5 sec window every 15 secs (https://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Defiance_bar), giving an efficacy of 5/15=0,33x100=33%. So those 10% become 3,3% in consistent damage. Then we get the realistic value, which is 2026x1,033 ~ 2093 total damage done. Consistently critting will always pay more than situational damage increases, the longer the interval the bigger the advantage.
Now you are just being stubborn for the sake of it.
unless you don't understand this basic math.
ps, yes i know base at lvl 80 is 5% but when calc you dont remove 1000prec from the value, you remove 895 then devide by how much you gain per percent which is 21.
Or you subtract 1,000 and calculate for 95% crit.
The wiki states no such thing, it states that 895 is 0% and at 1,000 you have automatically 5%. That's what it states, nothing more, nothing less. Do what you want with this information.
You're kind of calculating two different things to arrive at the same result. You're calculating a target number of precision, including the base. @Cyninja.2954 is going the other route, by calculating "I want X crit chance from added precision, how much precision is that?"
Answering either the question "What precision do I need to reach to have 80% crit" or "How much precision do I need from gear etc to add +75% crit" will end up at the same point - 80% crit chance.
In other words, Critical Chance is 0% when Precision is 895, and increases by 1% for every 21 Precision above that. Since the minimum value of Precision at level 80 is 1000, this means the minimum Critical Chance at level 80 is 5.0%. From the above equation, it follows 2995 precision is enough to reach the cap of 100% crit chance. This does not take into account flat critical chance effects such as fury and Sigil of Accuracy.
Since the minimum value of Precision at level 80 is 1000, this means the minimum Critical Chance at level 80 is 5.0%.
Unless you are incapable of solving simple rules of proportion or for basic functions, either way works. It actually makes more sense to solve for -1,000 precision because that is a value forced on you where 895 precision is a pre change value which is unattainable currently in game. So in your case, you will always have to account for the 105 extra precision, while in the other calculation you always have to account for the 5% base crit chance always there.
2995 precision - 147 precision (Superior Sigil of Accuracy = 7% crit) - 420 precision (fury boon = 20% crit) = 2428 precision needed to reach 100% crit.
Exactly as rng had said and which you decided to criticize because you were to lazy to read what was actually said. No one ever disputed that 2995 precision is needed to reach 100% crit, you simple did not do due diligence in reading and comprehending what others had written.
you didnt event read the reddit page, so your equal ''lazy'', edit your calc: 2995 precision - 147 precision (Superior Sigil of Accuracy = 7% crit) - 420 precision (fury boon = 20% crit) + Spotter (100)+ banner of discipline (170)= 2158 precision needed to reach 100% crit.
My math was for reach the amount of precision you need before 100% crit chance not when.
Am I the only one here that's worried about how 895 precision is subtracted (assuming lower than lvl 80 character) and the remaining 105 at lvl 80 is never added after that? That's 5% completely missing from the calculation.
So if we choose to subtract 895 instead of 1000, the desired value will then be 95% crit chance (because at lvl 80 it will be 100% in effect).
No one was asking for spotter or banner in the initial calculation. At least I never did. READ WHAT IS WRITTEN AND WHAT WAS ASKED FOR. The only possible fault was that rng did the math for 80% crit even though TC wanted values for 100% (without fury boon), which I pointed out to TC in case he missed it in the calculation. The minor mistake with the banner of discipline came in later.
A.) Is it true that 2428 precision is sufficient to reach 100% crit when only factoring for fury, Sigil of Accuracy and base crit of 5%? If yes, then nothing was wrong with the math. Again, no one asked for spotter or banner or ANYTHING else, even adding fury was beyond the scope of what TC asked for.
B.) Did any one at any point in time ever dispute that 2995 precision is required to reach 100% crit when factoring in no boons what so ever? No unless I over read something, I certainly did not.
We are literally going in circles because you are to proud to admit that you came guns blazing into a discussion you had only 50% grasp over.
Depending on how you do the math, the 5% get added in when solving for 100 = (x - 895) / 21 since you are looking for precision required on top of 895, not total precision required. You then obviously have to subtract 105 precision off of this value when adding together bonuses from different sources since those 105 stats are mandatory.
Both approaches are useful for different calculations. Approach B makes more sense when you want to know just how many stats you need from items, boons, traits etc. since it already puts you at base precision. Approach A makes more sense from a pure mathematical standpoint when working with a formula.
But you missed that you want to have either 2305 or 2158.
So you are saying that 2428 precision will not get you to 100% crit when buffed with fury and Sigl of Accuracy? Okay, this doesn't correspond to your 2995 precision needed but what ever. I'm done talking to a troll.
My math says, 2428 precision will get me to 100% crit IF under the effect of fury and Superior Sigil of Accuracy. That's all I need, and I have at no point stated anything else.
But you missed that you want to have either 2305 or 2285.
And you once again leave out Superior Sigil of Accuracy which all of us have been doing math with consistently in this thread.
At no point did TC ask for any of this math, he simply wished for precision needed without any other classes boons or support.
TCs mistake was that he used rng calculation for 80% crit at first, then due to unanttentive reading (in case he is not a warrior) since rng clearly states that 2073 precision is for warriors with traited banner, spotter, Sigil of Accuracy and Fury and points out that 2158 precision is needed for all classes when affected by base banner, spotter, Superior Sigil of Accuracy and Fury.
You on the other hand leave out Superior Sigil of Accuracy constantly in this thread while all of us are doing math with it.
Yeah I know it's accounted for in mine and the wiki's numbers when it comes to precision needed, it' just the issue arises when you need to calculate other flat % effects like the one with the guardian trait in my second post.


text:
Fields, Buckeyes enjoy big night in 38-25 win over PSU
Photo by Penn State Athletics: QB Sean Clifford
UNIVERSITY PARK — Too much Justin Fields. That's pretty much the story of No. 18 Penn State's big showdown against No. 3 Ohio State on Saturday, and why the Lions are now off to an 0-2 start and out of the College Football Playoff picture.
Fields, the Buckeyes' electrifying quarterback and a leading contender for the Heisman Trophy, torched Penn State's defense in a 38-25 victory at Beaver Stadium.
The Buckeyes took control right from the outset with a 62-yard run on the first play from scrimmage that set up a touchdown. Then they made it 14-0 moments later after stopping No. 18 Penn State on fourth down and scoring again.
Penn State had to play catch up the rest of the night, and while the Nittany Lions played much better offensively in the second half, they just weren't able to stop Fields and the Buckeye offense.
Fields finished 28-of-34 for 318 yards and four TDs. He had two receivers — Chris Olave (120) and Garrett Wilson (111) with more than 100 yards receiving. And Master Teague III carried 23 times for 110 yards.
Ohio State gained 526 yards, the first time since 2013 against UCF that an opposing team topped 500 yards at Beaver Stadium.
Penn State had only 75 yards of offense in the first half but did better in the second half and finished with 325.
Sean Clifford was 18-of-30 for 281 yards with three TDs and one interception.
Jahan Dotson had a huge night with eight catches for 144 yards and three TDs, including a sensational one-handed grab for a score.
This was the first play of the game, and things didn't get a whole lot better for PSU after this.
GARRETT WILSON ON THE FIRST PLAY OF THE GAME 🤩 pic.twitter.com/Jo8Yb5O37w
— Barstool OSU (@BarstoolOSU) October 31, 2020
On the Lions' first series, James Franklin decided to go for it on fourth-and-2 from his own 45. The gamble backfired as Clifford's pass was incomplete, and the Buckeyes got the ball in plus territory.
Ohio State needed just five plays to reach the end zone, with Fields finding Olave from 26 yards out to make it 14-0 with 8:39 left in the first.
It was 21-6 at the half, and Penn State's offense made a game of it with a touchdown to start the third quarter. But the defense just couldn't stop Fields and the Buckeyes, who consistently moved right down the field all night.
Update: 10:50 p.m.
Ohio State 38, Penn State 25: The Lions put together another good drive and scored on a 20-yard throw from Clifford to Dotson with 6:27 to go. Once again, the 2-point conversion try failed as Clifford misfired. The Lions tried an onside kick, and Ohio State recovered.
Ohio State 38, Penn State 19: Fields and the Buckeyes once again marched right down the field to answer PSU's TD. Fields hit Garrett Wilson for a 26-yard gain to convert a third-and-5, and he converted a fourth-and-1 with a 2-yard pass. Fields finished off the drive when, on fourth-and-goal from the 1, he faked a run and threw a TD pass to Jeremy Ruckert.
Ohio State 31, Penn State 19: Jahan Dotson made a spectacular one-handed catch for a TD, one of the best catches we've seen so far in college football this season. Seconds earlier, Dotson made an excellent grab on a 37-yard pass that converted a third-and-17. But Dotson outdid himself on the TD grab, getting some separation and making this tremendous catch. Sean Clifford was stopped on the 2-point conversion try.
Here's a look at both catches by Dotson, back to back.
Jahan Dotson with an absolutely FILTHY one-handed TD catch over Shaun Wade. Back-to-back highlight real catches from @H55ZY helps Penn State narrow the deficit.#OSUvsPSU #WeAre #PennState #PSUvsOSU #BigTen pic.twitter.com/eop1LAZwBA
— From the Stands (@FromTheStandsUS) November 1, 2020
Sick catch for a TD by @PennStateFball's Jahan Dotson. One of the greatest I've seen by a Nittany Lion. pic.twitter.com/rKpmBVHkwl
— Mark Brennan (@MarkXBrennan) November 1, 2020
Ohio State 31, Penn State 13: Master Teague III had a 31-yard run to help the Buckeyes move down the field again, and Fields had a couple of key completions. The Buckeyes stalled after getting first down at the 11, though, and had to settle for a 22-yard field goal by Dominic DiMaccio.
Update: 9:52 p.m.
Ohio State 28, Penn State 13: Justin Fields threw a gorgeous 49-yard TD pass to Chris Olave with 8:41 left in the third. On the pass, Olave got behind backup cornerback Marquis Wilson, who was in for Joey Porter Jr., who had suffered a leg injury. Earlier in the drive, Ohio State converted a key third-and-4 to keep its offense on the field and prevent PSU from getting more momentum.
That's where we miss 107k fans…that situation.
— Seth Rappaport (@smrappaport) November 1, 2020
Ohio State 21, Penn State 13: The Lions got right back in the game with a terrific 75-yard TD drive, matching their entire yardage from the first half. Sean Clifford was 5-for-5 through the air for 75 yards on the drive, with all five completions going for more than 10 yards. Clifford finished off the impressive drive with a 14-yard TD pass to Jahan Dotson over the middle.
Ohio State 21, Penn State 6: A bizarre situation at the end of the first half gave Penn State a chance to add three points. Ohio State had fourth down with 2 seconds left and tried to run out the clock, but Justin Fields went down too quickly, and PSU got the ball at the Buckeye 33 with 1 second left. Jordan Stout booted a 51-yard field goal as time expired.
Halftime stats:
Buckeyes dominating.
First downs: OSU 14, PSU 5
Rushing yards: OSU 133, PSU 46
Passing yards: OSU 147, PSU 29
Total yards: OSU 280, PSU 75
When you're on 3rd-string RB and have no major WR threat, this was a huge ask against Buckeyes.
— Cory Giger (@CoryGiger) November 1, 2020
Ohio State 21, Penn State 3: The Buckeyes got a big break on a pass interference call on Lamont Wade early in a drive. The pass from Justin Fields misfired on third-and-2, but the pass interference kept the drive alive. Ohio State marched right down the field after that and got a 10-yard TD pass from Fields to Jeremy Ruckert with 2:23 left in the half.
Ohio State 14, Penn State 3: The Lions put together a nice drive, bailed out by a late-hit on Sean Clifford to keep things alive, and had first down at the Buckeye 11. But they had to settle for a field goal, and field goals don't win games like this.
**Sneak peak of my like/don't like feature. I think fans are really gonna like this.
Don't like: The Lions were asleep at the wheel at the outset, giving up a 62-yard run on a jet sweep to Garrett Wilson on the first play from scrimmage. It was a beautiful playcall by the Buckeyes, and executed perfectly on a quick handoff by Justin Fields, but it was more about PSU's defense just not being ready. At all.
Don't like: After the long run on the jet sweep, PSU's defense was still shellshocked and gave up a 9-yard run to the 4, then a 4-yard TD to Master Teague III, with the pile moving forward to carry him into the end zone.
Don't like: The decision to go for it on fourth-and-2 on the first offensive series was … dumb. I love being aggressive on fourth down and usually like it when teams go for it. It shows you're playing to win instead of playing not to lose. But in this situation, it was ill-advised. It was too big of a risk right off the bat, in a game the Lions already trailed 7-0, it was too risky. It gave Ohio State the ball at the PSU 45, and they drove right in for a TD and 14-0 lead.
Don't like: Ohio State needed only five plays after the failed fourth-down try to find the end zone. It became evident here that PSU's defensive backs couldn't cover the Buckeye receivers.
Like: Man, what a gorgeous throw and catch by Justin Fields to Chris Olave on the 26-yard TD to make it 14-0. That was impressive, with Olave making a terrific catch over defender Joey Porter Jr.
Ohio State 14, Penn State 0: The Lions gambled on fourth-and-2 from their own 45 on their opening series, and it backfired in a big way. Sean Clifford was forced to roll out and couldn't connect on a throw. Ohio State needed just five plays to find the end zone, with Justin Fields tossing a beautiful 26-yard TD pass to Chris Olave, who made an excellent catch over defender Joey Porter Jr.
Ohio State 7, Penn State 0: Garrett Wilson took a jet sweep handoff on the first play and raced 62 yards to the PSU 14. Master Teague III went for 9 yards on the next play, then for 4 yards up the middle for a TD with 13:43 left in the first.
Update: 7 p.m.
**WR Cam Sullivan-Brown is in uniform and warming up. He missed last week's opener for undisclosed reasons.
For Ohio State, WR Chris Olave is warming up. He was questionable after taking a shot to the head last week.
**Not gonna lie, it feels weird at Beaver Stadium.
I drove around the stadium and downtown State College for about 25 minutes to see if people were gathering in large groups. Good news. They weren't. I saw a few groups of 8-10 people, but that's to be expected in a college town. I was pleasantly surprised by everything.
Penn State and local officials have talked extensively about fans not coming into State College for games and not gathering in large crowds.
From what I could gather an hour before kickoff, folks did a good job of adhering to the message.
**Trace McSorley was the guest picker on GameDay. Of course, former PSU QB picks Lions to upset Ohio State tonight.
McSorley said PSU's defense will step up, and also noted he expects Jahan Dotson or Parker Washington to get the job done at receiver.
Talk to em @McSorley_IX !!!!#WeAre #CollegeGameDay #PSU pic.twitter.com/thnleS3Zn5
— No Names All Game (@nonamesallgame) October 31, 2020
Other GameDay picks:
Desmond Howard: Ohio State, with PSU keeping it close
David Pollack: Ohio State, loss of PSU weapons hurts
Lee Corso: Put on Buckeye head gear to end the show
Lee Corso is riding with the Buckeyes tonight… pic.twitter.com/BjtwE5XGBg
— Onward State (@OnwardState) October 31, 2020
Update: 11:30 a.m.
**Ohio State is favored by 10.5 points. While many, including me (34-20 score prediction) expect the Buckeyes to cover, history would say that won't happen.
Penn State is 5-1 ATS against Ohio State since James Franklin became head coach despite being 1-5 SU in those games. pic.twitter.com/RNGXBrqC3w
— SportsBetting.ag (@SportsBettingAG) October 31, 2020
**James Franklin talked about how he hasn't been able to see his family because of COVID. His daughter, Addison, has sickle cell disease, which is an underlying condition for which COVID can be harmful. So Franklin's wife and two daughters have been living apart from the head coach.
They were reunited, in a sense, this morning at Beaver Stadium.
The whole Franklin Fam! @CoachJFranklin#WeAre pic.twitter.com/BBKl2Uumva
— Penn State Football (@PennStateFball) October 31, 2020
Coach Franklin's (@coachjfranklin) Game Preview, ahead of tomorrow's matchup vs. Ohio State. 🎥⬇
[Presented by @Highmark]#WeAre pic.twitter.com/GlZliHR8u3
In this article:Big Ten, College GameDay, featured, James Franklin, Kirk Herbstreit
Penn State Coach James Franklin Writes Statement on 'Right Hand Man' Dwight Galt's Retirement
0 Now-former Penn State Assistant Athletic Director, Performance Enhancement Dwight "Deege" Galt, III had been working with James Franklin since he still had hair....
Joe Smeltzer6 days ago
Former Penn State Assistant Tyler Bowen Joining Brent Pry At Virginia Tech
1 Tyler Bowen, who coached on James Franklin's staff at Penn State from 2018-20, is leaving his job with the Jacksonville Jaguars to join...
1 Trace Brown's first game at Beaver Stadium ended as one of the most exciting nights in Penn State football history. The Reading native...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Your outfit has come together. Now add a bohemian touch with the Chrissie Tassel sandal. You'll love the swish-swish as you walk, but you'll relish the memory foam footbed too, especially when the day turns into night. They can go dressy or casual, so pair them with your favorite maxi dress or short skirt in addition to shorts and ankle pants.


Did you have a feeling that Maine gets into the Christmas spirit more than other parts of the country? Well according to a study done by getcenturylink.com, you're right! The website analyzed all sorts of data, including google searches for Christmas movies, shopping trends for ornaments and wrapping paper, our Christmas music streaming habits, and how much people give to charity this time of year. Maine ranked number five on the list. Not too shabby! It looks like New Hampshire has some catching up to do, though. The Granite State came in at number 31 on the list.
Here at HOM, we like to think that our continuous Christmas has something to do with Maine ranking so high on the list. After all, not only are we playing all of your favorite Christmas classics… We're also celebrating by giving away many great prizes, including home heating fuel from CN Brown Energy, Amazon Echo Dots with the 12 Days Of Alexa, and so much more. So if you're not into the Christmas spirit, just tune in for a few minutes, and we'll help get you there!


Skelmanthorpe Band are pleased to announce that Martin Hall has accepted the role as their new Musical Director. His initial appointment is to lead the band at the forthcoming Brass at the Guild Contest and the Yorkshire Regional Championships on St Magnus.
Martin, who is a member of the National Association of Brass Band Conductors, studied cornet under James Shepherd. He has played principal cornet for Wakefield Metropolitan, Knottingley and Drighlington Bands and he has also played deputy tutti-cornet for the Black Dyke Band.
In 2010, Martin took up the position of Musical Director with South Milford Brass. His record includes wins at the North of England Regionals, culminating in Martin becoming the winning Conductor at the second section National Finals of Great Britain in 2012.
"I am looking forward to developing a long and successful relationship with Skelmanthorpe" added Martin.


In today's volatile job market, what is most important when considering a new position?
Green construction promises to show an uptick in the next few years, led by renovation of existing buildings, and the new commercial and institutional building sectors.
Steve Fronek, vice president of Wausau Window and Wall Systems; Mark Pritikin, president of Creative Mirror & Shower; and Rich Walker, president and CEO of the American Architectural Manufacturers Association, discuss marketing strategies. Tell us about your brand strategies in this week's poll.
The glazing on the $236 million University of Colorado's Research Complex Phase 2 (R2) won the Project of the Year award for more than $3 million projects from the Colorado Glazing Contractors Association.


text:
Crystal Ragland
Born and raised in Huntsville, Alabama, Ms. Crystal Ragland was heavily involved in her faith throughout her adolescence and adult life, becoming a member of Union Hill P.B. Church and eventually Eagle's Nest Ministries Church. After graduating from J.O. Johnson high school, Ragland enlisted in the U.S. Army and honorably served until being medically discharged in 2012. Ms. Ragland had a mother, six siblings, three nieces, five nephews, and a host of aunts, uncles, cousins, and friends.
At around 9 a.m. on May 30th, 2019, someone called the Hunstville, Alabama police on Ms. Ragland, a veteran with documented mental health conditions, after she was allegedly waving a gun around at her apartment complex. Neighbors interviewed later said that they did not see her holding a gun. Two police officers arrived and, after a brief verbal exchange with Ms. Ragland, fatally shot her.
As of February 2021, justice has not been served. After shooting Ms. Ragland, the officers involved were put on administrative duty while the case was investigated by an incident review board. After investigation, it was determined by the board that the officers were not guilty.


text:
4040 Procedure – Public Access to District Records
Purpose of these Procedures and General Principles
These procedures have been established by the superintendent and published pursuant to Policy 4040 and RCW 42.56.040 to explain the process for public access to school district records and to provide guidance in how Bellingham Public Schools will respond to such requests.
School district records relating to the conduct of operations and functions of the district that have been prepared, owned, used, or retained by the district in any format are, in fact, public records to which members of the public may request access consistent with this procedure.
When processing such requests, the district will provide the fullest assistance to the requestor and provide a response in the most timely manner possible.
District Public Records Officer
For the most timely and efficient response, requests for school district records should be directed in writing to the public records officer listed below, whose responsibilities include serving as a point of contact for members of the public in this process and overseeing the district's compliance with the Washington Public Records Act, Chapter 42.56 RCW, and Policy 4040.
The current public records officer of the district may be reached at the district's central administrative building as follows:
Dana Smith
Email: dana.smith@bellinghamschools.org
Information regarding contacting the public records officer is also available at the district website at bellinghamschools.org/forms.
Public Records Officer Training
Consistent with state law, the public records officer shall complete trainings related to the Washington Public Records Act and public records retention no later than ninety (90) days after assuming the responsibilities of the public records officer. After the initial training(s), the public records officer must complete refresher training at intervals of no more than four years while continuing to serve as the district's public records officer. Training must address particular issues related to the retention, production, and disclosure of electronic documents, including updating and improving technology information services.
Availability of Public Records
Hours for Inspection
Public records are available for inspection and copying during normal business hours of the district. Records must be inspected at the offices of the district.
Organization of Records
The district will maintain its records in a reasonable, organized manner and take reasonable actions to protect records from damage and disorganization. A requestor shall not take district records from district offices without the permission of the public records officer or designee. During the inspection of records, a district employee will typically be present to protect records from damage or disorganization.
The district will also maintain a log of public records requests that have been submitted to and processed by the district. This log shall include, but not be limited to, the following information for each request: The identity of the requestor if provided, the date the request was received, the text of the original request, a description of the records produced in response to the request, a description of the records redacted or withheld and the reasons, and the date of the final disposition of the request.
A variety of records and information are available on the district website at bellinghamschools.org. Requestors are encouraged to view the documents available on the website prior to submitting a records request.
Making a Request for Public Records
Request to Public Records Officer
Any person wishing to inspect or copy public records of the district shall make the request in writing by letter or email addressed to the public records officer and including the following information:
Name, address, telephone number, and email address of requestor;
Identification of the public records adequate for the public records officer or designee to locate the records; and
The date the request is submitted to the district.
The district's public records request form (Form 4040) is available for use by requestors at the district's central office and online at bellinghamschools.org/forms.
Identifiable Records
A request under the Washington Public Records Act, Chapter 42.56 RCW and Policy 4040 must seek an identifiable record or identifiable records. A request for all or substantially all of the records prepared, owned, used, or retained by the district is not a valid request for identifiable records. General requests for information from the district that do not seek identifiable records are also not covered by Policy 4040. A request for all records discussing a particular topic or containing a particular keyword or name will not be considered a request for all of the district's records.
Requesting Electronic Records
The process for requesting electronic public records is the same as for requesting paper public records. However, to assist the district in responding to a request for electronic records, a requestor should provide specific search terms that will allow the public records officer or designee to locate and assemble identifiable records responsive to the request.
Creating New Records
The district is not obligated by law to create a new record to satisfy a records request for information. The district may choose to create a record depending on the nature of the request and the convenience of providing the information in a new document, such as when data from multiple locations is requested and can be more easily combined into a single new record.
Copies of Records
If the requestor wishes to have copies of the records made instead of inspecting them, they shall make this clear in the request and make arrangements to pay for copies of the records or a deposit.
Requests Not in Writing
The public records officer or designee may accept informal requests for public records by telephone or in person. To avoid any confusion or misunderstanding, however, requestors should be mindful that a request reduced to writing is always the preferred method. If the public records officer or designee receives a request by telephone or in person, the public records officer will confirm their understanding of the request with the requestor in writing or by letter or email.
Processing of Public Records Requests
Order of Processing Requests
The district will typically process requests in the order received. However, requests may also be processed out of order if doing so allows the most requests to be processed in the most efficient manner.
Central Review
Records requests not made to the public records officer of the district will be forwarded by school level administrators, program administrators or other staff receiving the request to the public records officer for processing.
Five-Day Response
Within five (5) business days of receipt of a request, the public records officer will do one or more of the following:
Provide copies of the record(s) requested or make the record available for inspection—or, in the alternative, provide an internet address and link to the district's website where the specific record can be accessed (provided that the requestor has not notified the district that they cannot access the records through the internet) ; or
Acknowledge that the district has received the request and provide a reasonable estimate of the time it will require to fully respond; or
Acknowledge that the district has received the request, and ask the requestor to provide clarification for a request that is unclear, while providing to the greatest extent possible a reasonable estimate of the time the district will require to respond to the request if it is not clarified; or
Deny the request (although no request will be denied solely on the basis that the request is overbroad).
If the requestor fails to respond to the district's request for clarification within 30 days and the entire request is unclear, the district may close the request and not further respond to it. If the requestor fails to respond to the district's request for clarification within 30 days, and part of the request is unclear, the district will respond to the portion of the request that is clear and may close the remainder of the request. In unusual circumstances, the district may also seek a court order enjoining disclosure pursuant to law.
The district may deny a bot request that is one of multiple requests from the requestor within a twenty-four-hour period if the district establishes that responding to the multiple bot requests would cause excessive interference with the district's other essential functions. The district may deem a request to be a bot request when the district reasonably believes the request was automatically generated by a computer program or script.
If the district does not respond in writing within five business days of receipt of the request for disclosure, the requestor should contact the public records officer or the Department of Communications and Community Relations to determine the reason for the failure to respond.
Purpose of Request
The district may inquire into the purpose for which a record is requested and may use the answer to aid in gathering responsive records and determining whether the public has a legitimate interest in obtaining the information. However, except as provided in RCW 42.56.070(9), a requester is not required to provide a purpose and the district may not decline to furnish the records solely because the requester refuses to furnish a purpose for the request.
Protecting Rights of Others
In the event that the requested records contain information that may affect rights of others and may be arguably exempt from disclosure, the public records officer may, prior to providing the records, give notice to such others. The notice may make it possible for the others to contact the requestor and ask him or her to revise the request, or, if necessary, seek a court order to prevent or limit the disclosure. The notice to the affected persons may also include a copy of the request.
Records Exempt from Disclosure
Some records are exempt from disclosure, in whole or in part, under a specific exemption contained in chapter 42.56 RCW or another statute which exempts or prohibits disclosure of specific information or records.
If the district believes that a record is exempt from disclosure and should be withheld, the public records officer will state in writing the specific exemption (and statutory section) which applies and provide a brief explanation of how the exemption applies to the record being withheld or redacted. This exemption and explanation will be provided to the requestor in a withholding index or log.
If only a portion of a record is exempt from disclosure, but the remainder is not exempt, the public records officer will redact the exempt portions, provide the nonexempt portions, and indicate to the requestor why portions of the record are being redacted in the withholding index or log.
List of Laws Exempting or Prohibiting Disclosure
Pursuant to RCW 42.56.070 (2), these rules contain a list of laws—other than those specifically listed in the Washington Public Records Act, Chapter 42.56 RCW—which may exempt disclosure of certain public records or portions of records. The district has identified the following laws:
The Family Educational and Privacy Rights Act (FERPA), 20 USC § 1232g (regarding student educational records);
Washington State Student Education Records Law, RCW 28A.605.030;
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et. seq. and 34 C.F.R. Part 300 (protecting the confidentiality of personally identifying information contained in student records of students with disabilities).
Privileged communications and attorney work product, such as set forth in Chapter 5.60 RCW;
Criminal Records Privacy Act (CRPA), Chapter 10.97, RCW;
Information on students receiving free or reduced lunch, 42 USC § 1758(b)(6);
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), 45 CFR parts 160-164 (regarding health care information privacy and security);
Abuse of Children – Protection and Procedure, RCW 26.44.010; RCW 26.44.030(9);
Notification of Juvenile Offenders, RCW 13.04.155(3);
Examination question for teachers or pupils prior to the examination, RCW 28A.635.040;
Public Law 98-24, Section 527 of the Public Health Services Act, 41 USC § 290dd-2 (confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patient records);
United States and Washington Constitutional provisions including, but not limited to, the right of privacy and freedom of association.
In addition to these exemptions, RCW 42.56.070(9) prohibits providing access to lists of individuals requested for commercial purposes, and the district may not do so unless specifically authorized or directed by law.
The above list is for informational purposes only and is not intended to cover all possible exemptions from the public records law. The above list includes only exemptions which may be in addition to those set forth in Chapter 42.56 RCW. Under appropriate circumstances, the district may rely upon other legal exemptions which are not set forth above or contained within the public disclosure law.
Consistent with other demands, and without unreasonably disrupting district operations, the district shall promptly provide for the inspection of nonexempt public records. No member of the public may remove a document from the viewing area without the permission of the public records officer, nor may he or she disassemble or alter any document. The requestor shall indicate which documents he or she wishes the district to copy. There is no cost to inspect district records.
Providing Copies of Non-Electronic Records
After inspection is complete, the public records officer or designee shall make the requested copies or arrange for copying.
Providing Electronic Records
When a requestor requests records in an electronic format, the public records officer or designee will provide the nonexempt records or portions of such records that are reasonably locatable in an electronic format that is used by the district and is generally commercially available, or in a format that is reasonably translatable from the format in which the district keeps the record.
Providing Records in Installments
When the request is for a large number of records, the public records officer or designee has the right to provide access for inspection and copying in installments. If, within thirty (30) days, the requestor fails to inspect the entire set of records or one or more of the installments, the public records officer or designee may stop searching for the remaining records and close the request and discussed further below.
Completion of Inspection
When the inspection of the requested records is complete and all requested copies are provided, the public records officer or designee will indicate that the district has completed a diligent search for the requested records and made any located nonexempt records available for inspection.
Closing Withdrawn or Abandoned Request
The requestor must claim or review the assembled records within thirty (30) days of the district's notification to him or her that the records are available for inspection or copying. The district should notify the requestor in writing of this requirement and inform the requestor that he or she should contact the district to make arrangements to claim or review the records. If the requestor or a representative of the requestor fails to claim or review the records within the thirty-day period or make other arrangements, the district may close the request and refile the assembled records.
When requestors either withdraws the request or fails to fulfill their obligations to inspect the records or pay the deposit or final payment for the requested copies, the public records officer will close the request and indicate to the requestor that the district has closed the request.
Later Discovered Documents
If, after the district has informed the requestor that it has provided all available records, the district becomes aware of additional responsive documents existing at the time of the request, it will promptly inform the requestor of the additional documents and provide them on an expedited basis.
COSTS OF PROVIDING RECORDS, WAIVER OF COSTS, AND AGREEMENTS REGARDING COSTS
Cost of Printed Copies and Mailing
The cost of providing photocopies or printed copies of electronic records is 15 cents per page. Alternatively, if the district determines and documents that the fees allowed under this procedure are clearly equal to, or more than, two dollars, the district may instead charge a flat fee of two dollars to provide the records. If the district charges a flat fee for the first installment, the district will not charge an additional flat fee or a per page fee for any subsequent installments. Payment may be made by cash, check, or money order payable to the district.
The district may also charge actual costs of mailing, including the cost of the shipping container or envelope.
The public records officer or designee may require the payment of the remainder of the copying costs before providing all the records, or the payment of the costs of copying an installment before providing that installment.
If requested, the district will provide a summary of the applicable charges before any copies are made. The requestor will be allowed to revise the request in order to reduce the applicable charges.
Customized Service Charge
A customized service charge may be imposed if the district estimates that the request would require the use of information technology expertise to prepare data compilations, or to provide customized electronic access services when such compilations and customized access services are not used by the district for other district purposes. The customized service charge may reimburse the district up to the actual cost of providing the services in this paragraph.
The district will not assess a customized service charge unless it has notified the requestor of the customized service charge to be applied to the request, including an explanation of why the customized service charge applies, a description of the specific expertise, and a reasonable estimate cost of the charge. The notice will also provide the requestor the opportunity to amend their request to avoid or reduce the cost of a customized service charge.
Cost for Electronic Records
The cost for providing electronic records is as follows:
Ten cents per page for public records scanned into an electronic format or for the use of district equipment to scan the records;
Five cents per each four electronic files or attachment uploaded to email, cloud-based data storage service, or other means of electronic delivery;
Ten cents per gigabyte for the transmission of public records in an electronic format or for the use of district equipment to send the records electronically; and
The actual cost of any digital storage media or device provided by the district, the actual cost of any container or envelope used to mail the copies to the requestor, and the actual postage or delivery charge.
The district will take reasonable steps to provide the records in the most efficient manner available to the district in its normal operations.
Alternatively, if the district determines and documents that the fees allowed under this procedure are clearly equal to, or more, than two dollars, the district may instead charge a flat fee of two dollars to provide the records. If the district charges a flat fee for the first installment, the district will not charge an additional flat fee or a per page fee for any subsequent installments.
The public records officer or designee may also require the payment of the remainder of the copying costs before providing all the records, or the payment of the costs of copying an installment before providing that installment.
If requested, the district will provide a summary of the applicable charges before charges are imposed under this procedure. The requestor will be allowed to revise the request to reduce the applicable charges.
The district will not impose copying charges for access to or downloading of records that the district routinely posts on its website prior to the receipt of a request, unless the requestor has specifically requested that the district provide copies of such records through other means.
Before beginning to make the copies, the public records officer or designee may require a deposit of up to ten percent of the estimated costs of copying all the records selected by the requestor, including the cost of a customized service charge according to the provision above.
The public records officer may waive any charge assessed for a request. On behalf of the district, the public records officer may also enter into any contract, memorandum of understanding, or other agreement with a requestor that provides an alternative fee arrangement to the charges authorized in this Procedure, or in response to a voluminous or frequently occurring request.
Internal Review of Denials of Public Records
Petition for Internal Administrative Review of Denial of Access
Any person who objects to the initial denial or partial denial of a records request may petition in writing (including email) to the public records officer for a review of that decision. The petition shall include a copy of or reasonably identify the written statement by the public records officer or designee denying the request.
Consideration of Petition for Review
The public records officer shall immediately consider the petition and shall either affirm or reverse the denial within two business days following the receipt of the petition, or within such other time as the district and the requestor mutually agree to.
Reporting Costs of Producing Public Records
The district will provide the information specified in RCW Chapter 40.14 to the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee as required by law.
Revised: 10/5/17


text:
Model z analogii (model precedensu sądowego z analogii) – pojęcie systemu common law, polega na założeniu, że dotychczas podjęte decyzje sądowe oddziałują na decyzje sądowe, jakie podejmowane są obecnie i w przyszłości, przez analogię. Oznacza to, że ilekroć podobieństwo między sprawą obecnie rozpoznawaną a sprawą rozpoznaną w przeszłości jest istotne, tylekroć powinno się w tej sprawie wydać taką samą decyzję jak poprzednio.

Model precedensu z analogi (ang. the model from particular analogy) może przybierać zasadniczo dwie postacie:
 faktualną – decydujące jest w niej podobieństwo, jakie tkwi w całokształcie okoliczności faktycznych porównywanych spraw, lub podobieństwo, jakie oparte jest na rozumowaniu intuicyjnym albo emocjach tudzież rezultacie pożądanym w sprawie obecnie rozstrzyganej,
 racjonalną – która zasadza się na racjonalnym uzasadnieniu tego, jak została rozstrzygnięta poprzednia sprawa, i podobieństwie faktów, jakie są istotne w świetle tego uzasadnienia.

W modelu precedensu z analogii czasem postuluje się, by dochodzić do ostatecznej konkluzji za pośrednictwem tzw. reguły analogii, jaka obejmuje swoim zakresem obie uznane za istotnie podobnie sprawy i jaka nadaje się do zastosowania w tych sprawach drogą dedukcji. Ponadto częstym zjawiskiem jest tu tzw. konkurencja analogii, a więc stan, w którym sprawa obecnie rozstrzygana jest podobna do większej liczby spraw rozpoznanych w przeszłości, w jakich wydano odmienne wyroki (rozstrzygnięcia), i w którym trzeba ustalić na podstawie której z takich spraw ma zostać rozstrzygnięta ta sprawa.

Model precedensu z analogii jest modelem alternatywnym dla koncepcji tzw. the rule model. Występuje on też głównie w Stanach Zjednoczonych, rzadziej w Wielkiej Brytanii, a jeszcze rzadziej w systemach prawa kontynentalnego. Można też doszukiwać się jego przejawów w sposobach definiowania amerykańskiego holding, jakie stanowi odpowiednik brytyjskiego ratio decidendi i jakie jest zorientowane bardziej na stan faktyczny, jaki miał miejsce w precedensowej sprawie, i zapadłe w tym stanie rozstrzygnięcie.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 .
 Maciej Koszowski, Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: dwa ujęcia analogii, "Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Sectio G IUS", nr 2/2014, s. 61-87.
 Maciej Koszowski, Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: reguła, konkurencja, poszukiwanie i uzasadnienie dla korzystania z analogii, "Studia Iuridica Lublinensia" nr 4/2015, s. 35-61.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Maciej Koszowski, Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: reguła, konkurencja, poszukiwanie i uzasadnienie dla korzystania z analogii, "Studia Iuridica Lublinensia" nr 4/2015, s. 35-61.
 Maciej Koszowski, Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: dwa ujęcia analogii, "Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Sectio G IUS", nr 2/2014, s. 61-87

Pojęcia systemu common law

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"The Stars (Are Out Tonight)" é uma canção do músico britânico David Bowie; a faixa foi lançada como segundo single do álbum The Next Day. O videoclipe oficial da canção foi lançado em 25 de fevereiro de 2013 e, no dia seguinte, o single.

Créditos
 David Bowie: vocais principais, violão
 Gail Ann Dorsey: baixo, vocais de apoio
 Janice Pendarvis: vocais de apoio
 Gerry Leonard: guitarra
 David Torn: guitarra
 Tony Visconti: arranjo de cordas, flauta doce
 Zachary Alford: bateria

Referências

Singles de 2013
Canções de 2013
Singles lançados pela Columbia Records
Canções gravadas por David Bowie


Niue, is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. Niue is in free association with New Zealand, and lacks full sovereignty. All Niueans are New Zealand citizens and Queen Elizabeth II is Niue's head of state in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand.
Niue does not use arms. The seal of Niue shows the arms of New Zealand and the name of the island.
This page was last edited on 26 July 2018, at 06:15.


text:
Visualizing Enlightenment: Decoding the Buddhist Iconography
March 20 through July 24, 2015
The Focus Gallery
Visualizing Enlightenment focuses on an exceptional Amitabha (or Amida Buddha) from the Kamakura period (1185-1333) in Japan. Over 6-feet tall, Amitabha is a rare example of such large scale in existence and was executed using the technique yosegi, in which a single image is carved from multiple pieces of wood that are joined together from the inside. Amitabha, "Limitless Light" in Sanskrit, is the Buddha of the western Pure Land and one of the most widely worshipped Buddhas in the Mahayana tradition due to its doctrine that assured salvation to commoners.
Buddhist art comprises a tremendous range of objects from paintings to sculptures to ritual objects. Images such as Amitabha have served as powerful pedagogical tools to help visualize the teachings and philosophical ideas of the religion. The intricately carved body halo and elegant lotus pedestal where the Buddha gracefully stands give a glimpse of the purified Buddha-field of Amitabha. The calmness and compassion of the Buddha's facial expression gently affirms that all sentient beings can attain salvation through their faith in him. Every feature of the Buddha, from ushinisha (the bump of knowledge) to elongate earlobes and mudra (hand gesture), carefully follows the existing canon to illustrate him as an enlightened being, thereby encouraging the worshippers to follow his teachings. This small exhibition aims to explain some of the most commonly known iconography in Buddhist art with this prime example of Amitabha from the 13th century.
Amitabha, Japan, Kamakura Period (1185-1333): First half of the 13th century, Wood, lacquer, gilt, Gift of Sharon Pierce in loving memory of her son, J. Christopher Johnson, Conservation funds provided by Sharon Pierce and the Collectors' Circle, 2013.6.1


text:
Excerpt for Never The Same
Thirty minutes of endless circling wore on all the passengers' and flight crew's nerves. Because of bad weather surrounding New York's Kennedy International, the pilot hadn't attempted to land, but instead had been flying around the airport in hopes the weather would improve.
Gripping the armrests of her seat, Kim heard the thunder rolling. The rain sheeted down the window and beat against the body of the plane. The weather wasn't showing any signs of letting up. A crash was very likely.
She glanced around at the other passengers and saw the tension on their faces. Actually, a more accurate word would be fear. What would happen when the plane attempted to land? How many of them would panic? She noticed one peaceful woman holding a rosary of white beads to her lips in prayer. Hopefully she prayed for them to survive whatever might happen.
"Tori, we need to be prepared for a crash."
"We're going to die, aren't we?"
Kim saw the fear in Tori's eyes. "If the unexpected happens, we can survive. All you have to do is listen to me because this might save your life. Look carefully at that exit." Kim pointed to the one nearest their seats. "If we crash, smoke might blind our eyes, and it's good to know where the exits are. If there's a fire, there'll be smoke. Don't breathe the smoke if you can avoid it. Bend down to get under it. If we're crawling on the floor in the dark, it's important to know where the exit is."
Kim jumped at a loud crack of thunder.
"That scared me, too," Tori said.
Jillian walked by and Kim waved her hand. "Jillian, wait."
"Yes," Jillian said.
"I noticed we've been flying around the airport for a long time. What's the pilot going to do? Land in this thunderstorm? We have to be getting low on fuel."
Jillian nodded. "I think he'll get clearance to land soon."
"I wish they'd canceled the flight in the first place," Tori said, turning her silver ring around on her finger. "I'm scared of landing in a storm."
"Everything's going to be fine," Jillian said. "You'll be looking for a dress soon. And if you should want any help shopping, Kim is a great person to ask for advice."
"Hey, I just had an idea." Kim patted Tori's arm. "We can have a girls' night. I can help Jillian look for her wedding dress and we'll look for your dress, too."
"Okay, but only if you look for something to wear to my wedding." Jillian grinned. "Now I'd better get back to work."
"I can't wait to get off this plane," Tori said. "But I keep worrying we might crash. If we do, what'll happen to my dad? He's in a wheelchair and we're so close. I can't bear to think I might not see him again."
Kim couldn't imagine not seeing her loved ones again, but at this point, anything was possible. In her many flights, she'd always felt safer in the air than traveling in a car. Come on, Kim, she told herself, remember reading how more people die every year in automobile accidents than on planes? She nervously cracked her fingers, realizing this fact wasn't taking away her feelings of despair.
Could this be happening to her? She took a deep breath, trying to relax. She didn't need an asthma attack on top of everything else. Could Tori's fears about dying be real?
Jillian stood in front of the passenger compartment. "The pilot just informed me the thunderstorm hasn't stopped, but we have to land because we only have so much extra fuel. There's nothing to worry about. But because we're not landing under ideal conditions, I need to go over an emergency drill with you." She said firmly, "Remove shoes, eyeglasses and anything sharp from your pockets, please. We just want to be extra cautious in case of impact so none of these items will cause injuries."
Kim coughed before noticing Jillian's reassuring words didn't match her strained face. Suddenly, everything was clear to her. First, it was the freezing rain in Chicago, now a severe thunderstorm in New York. She gasped—this flight was doomed from the beginning.
She knew now what had caused her earlier uneasiness. Oh, dear God, she was going to die today. She wanted to go back home, be with her family, see her brothers and have her sister Laura bring her children. Her parents were in Florida and even though she wasn't especially close to them, she wanted to hear their voices. She shoved her hand into her purse and located her Advair Diskus. After opening it, she put the mouthpiece to her lips. She breathed in her dose of medication. She closed the inhaler before returning it to her purse.
After the passengers finished removing their items, Jillian instructed, "Fasten your seat belts and put your head on your arms."
Tori's hands were shaking so much she couldn't fasten her belt. "Kim, I'm so scared."
Kim clicked the belt for her. "It's going to be okay."
"Thanks for caring about me."
Kim squeezed Tori's hand. "You remind me of my daughter Gaby. When we get out of here, I want you to meet her."
"If you make it and I don't, tell my boyfriend Ryan Stafford and my dad how much I love them."
"Do the same for me with my family." She loved Steve, Gaby and Jason. She might die and never see them again. Why hadn't she canceled this trip?
Kim made the sign of the cross. Lightning flashed so close to the window that she jumped. She grabbed one wrist with the other and, leaning over to tuck her head, coughed hard. With her head in her lap to brace for impact, she felt tightness in her chest. Oh no. Not an asthma attack now. She peeked to be sure Tori had her head down.
The plane descended gradually toward the runway. A violent burst of air hit the plane, and Kim was yanked back up hard. Her insides were jerked enough that she felt sick to her stomach.
"It feels like my guts were ripped out," Tori said.
The plane was falling like a rock, and she was going to die. Her whole life she'd been a control freak and always put her job ahead of her family. And now, in what was probably her final moment, she knew what was important to her. Her loved ones. Nothing else mattered any more.
Her chest tightened and her heart felt heavy. She prayed, Dear God, I don't want to die. I've been so selfish and want another chance. If You spare my life, I'll quit my job and be a better wife and mother.
The nose of the plane dived, plunging toward the hard runway. Purses and briefcases slid along the floor, and Kim winced when a briefcase slammed into her ankle. The doors of the overhead luggage compartments flapped open and luggage flew out, thumping against seats, walls and people.
Passengers screamed, "We're going to crash. We're going to die."
Someone shouted, "God help us!"
Terrible shrieking metallic noises cut the air.
Buy the book to read the rest!


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The Countess celebrates 30 years of ChildLine
The Countess of Wessex, Patron of ChildLine and President of National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, hosted a Thirtieth Anniversary Reception for ChildLine at Buckingham Palace.
ChildLine is a free 24-hour counselling service for children and young people up to their 19th birthday in the UK provided by the NSPCC. ChildLine deals with any issue which causes distress or concern, common issues dealt with include child abuse, bullying, mental illness, parental separation or divorce, pregnancy and substance misuse.
In 2014-15, there were nearly 300,000 counselling sessions carried out between young people and ChildLine. The most common issues were family relationships, low self-esteem and unhappiness, abuse, bullying and online bullying and self-harm.
Guests included founder Esther Rantzen and Games of Thrones star Natalie Dormer - a supporter of the charity.
Her Royal Highness has supported ChildLine for many years, and became their first Patron in 2005.
The Duke of Cambridge urges protection of UK's Outdoor Spaces
I feel in awe of individuals with such determination, resolve, and strength to take on the challenges they face.
A speech by Prince Harry at the WellChild Awards, 2011
Vision is easy but how do we make it reality?
A speech by Prince Harry at the Sentebale Polo Cup, 2011
Programmes from this partnership will raise aspirations, broaden horizons and encourage young people to achieve what may have seemed to them unachievable.
A speech by The Duke of Cambridge to mark a partnership between ARK and the Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry
The Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry to play in the Sentebale Polo Cup
It's knowing that so many of Scotland's finest brains and greatest achievers gained – and continue to gain - inspiration from this place
A speech by Prince William at St. Andrews University, Scotland
Prince Harry to visit Dubai
This is where the stars of the future will first discover their talents.
An article by Prince William in The Sun on Fields in Trust
A fire alarm had thrown us together. Either that or Fate.
A speech by Prince William at the 100 Women in Hedge Funds Gala Event
Launch of Diamond Jubilee emblem competition
No childhood, no hope and no future.
A speech by Prince Harry at the Veuve Clicquot Polo Classic, Governors Island, New York
I just wish I could tell all of you and show you the remarkable change that is happening.
A speech by Prince Harry at a Sentebale Reception, Greenwich Country Club, Connecticut, USA
Prince Harry to visit New York City
Prince William launches "Fields in Trust" Diamond Jubilee Tribute to The Queen
I'm very proud of what Sentebale is doing.
A speech by Prince Harry at the launch of the Sentebale Cup in Barbados
Prince Harry and Prince Seeiso to launch the Sentebale Polo Cup to help more of Lesotho's vulnerable children
Prince William to become Patron of 100 Women in Hedge Funds' philanthropic initiatives
Sentebale means 'forget me not'. I, for one, am not about to forget.
A speech by Prince Harry at a reception to mark three years of Sentebale
Never being able to say the word 'mummy' again in your life sounds like a small thing.
A speech by Prince William at a reception for the Child Bereavement Charity, London
It is for them that Centrepoint represents the difference between misery and dejection and a sense of hope and renewed self confidence.
A speech by Prince William to mark 40 years of the youth homelessness charity Centrepoint
Sentebale appoints new full-time Chief Executive
Prince William becomes Patron of Skill Force
As The Prince of Wales, our son, approaches his own sixtieth birthday, may I say that we are both enormously proud to have been reminded here today of his personal contribution to this remarkable organisation.
A speech by The Queen at The Prince's Trust Headquarters
Our visits with our mother ignited a deep and growing interest for the great work the charity does for the homeless.
A speech by Prince William at the launch of Centrepoint's 40th anniversary year
I don't need to tell this audience how amazing Lesotho is or how incredible the people are.
A speech by Prince Harry at the third annual Lesotho Links Conference, Cardiff
The tapestries have been lent by individuals and organisations with a love of Lesotho from right across Wales.
A speech by Prince Harry to open the Dolen Cymru Lesotho Exhibition, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff
Prince William and Prince Harry host concert party for children
Prince William becomes Patron of English Swimming School's Association and Mountain Rescue
Prince Harry to become Patron of three charities
We have been reminded that this magic of our childhoods - the characters, the stories, the imagination of it all - is an enduring and essential part of our culture.
A speech by The Queen at the Children's Literature Garden Party
As Groucho Marx once said "Anyone can get old - all you have to do is to live long enough". And there are in my view many other anniversaries this year which are more deserving of celebration.
A speech by The Queen at Mansion House for Her Majesty's 80th Birthday
Prince William to visit Germany to attend England v Paraguay at 2006 World Cup
Prince Harry and Prince Seeiso found a new charity for Lesotho
Announcement of a special Garden Party for children
Prince Harry makes a documentary about the AIDS-stricken nation of Lesotho
Prince William to be Patron of Centrepoint
Princess Margaret: Funeral arrangements
The Countess of Wessex's work to support women in conflict around the world
The Countess of Wessex: Women, Peace and Security agenda
The Royal Family thank volunteers and key workers at Christmas
The Earl and Countess of Wessex visit Vauxhall City Farm
The Countess of Wessex visits Thames Valley Air Ambulance
A message of condolence from The Countess of Wessex to the President of the Republic of Lebanon.
The Countess of Wessex meets members of the Bagshot Women's Institute
Published 8 July 2020
"I believe Civil Society is central to enabling real and meaningful global action. Local communities are able to share local knowledge and understanding. Let local realities guide global responses.
A statement by The Countess of Wessex at the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict virtual UN event
The Countess of Wessex keeps in touch with the Women's Network Forum over lockdown
Members of The Royal Family mark International Nurses' Day
The 2020 virtual Chelsea Flower Show
The 75th Anniversary of VE Day
The Earl and Countess of Wessex visit Essex


Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises Inc (NYSE: BW) shares tumbled 59.8 percent to $3.92. Babcock & Wilcox reported a Q2 loss of $151 million on sales of $349.8 million.
Forterra Inc (NASDAQ: FRTA) shares dipped 52.5 percent to $3.92. Forterra reported quarterly loss of $0.18 per share on revenue of $436.7 million.
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. (NYSE: CBI) shares declined 31.8 percent to $11.14 after the company posted a surprise loss for its second quarter and reported its intent to sell technology unit.
Synacor Inc (NASDAQ: SYNC) shares dropped 26.8 percent to $2.60. Synacor reported a Q2 loss of $0.09 per share on sales of $31.2 million. Craig-Hallum downgraded Synacor from Buy to Hold.
Quantum Corp (NYSE: QTM) declined 26.3 percent to $5.46 as the company posted downbeat Q1 results and issued a weak forecast for the current quarter.
Masonite International Corp (NYSE: DOOR) shares fell 22.6 percent to $56.35 as the company posted downbeat quarterly results and lowered its annual guidance. Stephens & Co. downgraded Masonite from Overweight to Equal-Weight.
China Yuchai International Limited (NYSE: CYD) dropped 21.8 percent to $17.29. China Yuchai reported Q2 earnings of $0.48 per share on revenue of $604 million.
Nevsun Resources (USA) (NYSE: NSU) shares dipped 18 percent to $2.12. Nevsun Resources reported a Q2 loss of $44.5 million.
Kura Oncology Inc (NASDAQ: KURA) fell 16.5 percent to $7.60. Kura Oncology reported a public offering of 5.3 million shares of common stock.
Cempra Inc (NASDAQ: CEMP) shares declined 15.8 percent to $3.08. Cempra reported a Q2 loss of $12.3 million. Roth Capital downgraded Cempra from Buy to Neutral.
Achieve Life Sciences Inc (NASDAQ: ACHV) shares fell 15.2 percent to $2.94.
Everspin Technologies Inc (NASDAQ: MRAM) dropped 15 percent to $15.29 after the company reported Q2 results.
Aqua Metals Inc (NASDAQ: AQMS) shares fell 14.9 percent to $9.25 on weak Q2 results.
Goldfield Corp (NYSE: GV) fell 14.6 percent to $4.40. Goldfield reported Q2 earnings of $0.20 per share on revenue of $59.8 million.
HC2 Holdings Inc (NYSE: HCHC) dropped 13.8 percent to $5.07 as the company posted a wider-than-expected Q2 loss.
Blue Apron Holdings Inc (NYSE: APRN) shares declined 13.5 percent to $5.40. Blue Apron reported a Q2 loss of $0.47 per share on sales of $238.1 million.
Dillard's, Inc. (NYSE: DDS) dropped 13.1 percent to $63.75 as the company posted downbeat Q2 earnings.
ExOne Co (NASDAQ: XONE) dipped 11.6 percent to $8.73 after the company posted disappointing Q2 results.
KEYW Holding Corp. (NASDAQ: KEYW) shares fell 9.2 percent to $7.72. KEYW Holding reported a Q2 loss of $16.7 million.
NetEase Inc (ADR) (NASDAQ: NTES) dropped 9 percent to $286.90. NetEase reported Q2 net income of $438.4 million.
Kohl's Corporation (NYSE: KSS) fell 7.6 percent to $38.73. Kohl's posted stronger-than-expected Q2 profit.
Dynavax Technologies Corporation (NASDAQ: DVAX) shares declined 7.1 percent to $15.98. Dynavax priced underwritten public offering of 5,000,000 shares at $15.00 per share.
Syros Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ: SYRS) fell 7 percent to $21.25 following Q2 results. JMP Securities downgraded Syros Pharmaceuticals from Market Outperform to Market Perform.
Xunlei Ltd (NASDAQ: XNET) shares dropped 6.6 percent to $3.34. Xunlei is expected to release Q2 earnings on August 16.
Modine Manufacturing Co. (NYSE: MOD) slipped 4.3 percent to $16.05 after the company reported a public offering of common stock.


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Patience Ozokwo speaks on domestic violence, says 'God is not against separation but divorce'
By Pelumi Bolawa
Patience Ozokwo, the Nigerian actress, has advised women battling domestic violence in their marriages to "escape for your dear life."
The film star spoke about failed marriages during the latest edition of Mercy's Menu, a cooking show by Mercy Johnson Okojie.
Ozokwo, who is fondly called Mama G and known for her mother-in-law roles in the movies, also said "God is not against separation, but divorce."
"God is not against separation. What God doesn't want is divorce. God is not saying we should not divorce because sometimes he does not know that we have violated – No," she said.
"Coming from a Christian background, we are not allowed to divorce.
"If you pray and the man turns around to become something else, escape for your dear life. Because it is only those who are alive that can tell the story. When you are dead nobody can tell your story for you.
"For me, marriage is forever till death do us part. That is the way I brought up my children. What we have today baffles me.
"I feel for the children that they're giving birth to because I don't know how they would learn something better from their parents."
In March 2021, the ace actress expressed her concerns over the way people divorce in contemporary marriages.
She said she fears what the younger generation is learning from their parents.
Mercy Johnson
Mercy Johnson-Okojie
Patience Ozokwo
Patience Ozokwor
TCL radio picks: Rexxie's 'Abracadabra' debuts three months after release
Nancy Isime speaks on nude scene in 'Shanty Town'
How to overcome jealousy in your relationship
Nse Ikpe-Etim: Why I don't flaunt my marriage on social media
PHOTOS: Mercy Chinwo weds partner in court
Yomi Gold divorces wife Amina in second failed marriage


None of these take much time, but any one of them can add consider sales to your bottom line. Or try all six, and see your sales explode.
Provide your real contact information, including name, company name, snail mail address (physical is better than P.O.) and phone number.
Why? Because your prospects are afraid you are not who you say you are.
On your 'about me' page, provide all of this info again, along with photos of you, any employees you have and maybe even your location. Make it super easy to trust you and you'll get more sales.
People want to prove they are better than others and have people look up to them. This isn't bad, it's just human nature. And you can use this tidbit of knowledge to make more sales, too.
Play up to this tendency to feel more important. Show prospects how buying your product will raise their status among peers, friends, family, etc. Show them how important they will become as a direct result of buying your product.
One of the 'secrets' to boosting response of your sales message is to have it come from a peer of your ideal prospect.
In other words, you want your message to come from someone of the same group you are selling to.
Are you selling to women in their 40's? Have your message come from a woman in her 40's. Selling to investors? Have your message come from another investor, and so forth.
You can likely take any promotion you are running right now, change the message to come from the prospect's peer, and increase your response considerably.
This technique is even more important when you are selling to someone who is highly skeptical. Nothing melts resistance faster than hearing a message from someone you perceive to be very much like yourself. Split test this and see the response – I think you'll be shocked at the increase in sales you experience from this simple technique.
You already know how important benefits are to the selling process. Features are great, but it's the benefits that sell. For example, that weight loss book is pretty and it has 300 pages – those are features. The benefit is the reader will lose weight if they follow the plan laid out in the book.
But what are the benefits of the benefits?
Every product has a story buried somewhere – you just have to dig it out.
I have zero interest in golf. None. Yet after reading this headline, I want to know about the one-legged golfer.
Now imagine if I did golf – and imagine what all the golfers who read this headline did. Yup – guaranteed, they couldn't help but keep reading to find out about that one-legged golfer.
That's the power of a good story.
The more a person commits to something, the less likely they will change their mind.
For example, if you can get someone to opt-in to two or more of your lists, they are more committed to staying on your lists.
And get this… they are also more likely to make purchases, too.
It's a principle of psychology that the more a person commits to something, the more likely they are to stick with it for the long haul.
For example, someone might say they are going to start running. But all they do is say it – they don't do anything else – and within a week they've forgotten all about it.
But if that same person buys new running shoes and clothes, visits running websites, subscribes to a running magazine and joins a running club, then I can about guarantee they're going to run.
It's the same with your lists. If you can get subscribers to opt in to multiple lists, they become more committed to you and to the niche or topic itself.
So let's say your niche is dogs. You might ask your new subscribers to opt in to a special course on potty training, another course on bad behavior modification, another course just on their particular breed of dog and so forth.
By getting more of these micro-commitments from your readers, you greatly increase the odds they will become your customers and even purchase from you multiple times.


text:
The Ken Loach Collection: Volume 1
Phil Askham, Rita May, Andrew Grubb, Carol White, Terence Stamp, John Bindon, Kate Williams, Queenie Watts, Geraldine Sherman, James Beckett, Billy Murray, Stevie King, Winnie Holman, Malcolm McDowell, David Bradley, Lynne Perrie, Colin Welland, Freddie Fletcher, Brian Glover, Geoffrey Banks, Eric Bolderson, Bob Bowes, Trevor Hesketh, Joey Kaye, Robert Naylor, Robert Carlyle, Emer McCourt, Jim R. Coleman, George Moss, Ricky Tomlinson, David Finch, Richard Belgrave, Ade Sapara, Derek Young, Bill Moores, Luke Kelly, Carrie J. Lammin, Willy Ross, Dean Perry, Bruce Jones, Julie Brown, Tom Hickey, Gemma Phoenix, Karen Henthorn, Lee Brennan, Ronnie Ravey, Jonathan James, Mike Fallon, Crissy Rock, Vladimir Vega, Ray Winstone, Sandie Lavelle, Mauricio Venegas, Claire Perkins, Jason Stracey, Luke Brown, Lily Farrell, Scottie Moore, Linda Ross, Kim Hartley, Jimmy Batten, Pilar Padilla, Adrien Brody, Elpidia Carrillo, Jack McGee, Monica Rivas, Frank Dávila, Lillian Hurst, Mayron Payes, Maria Orellana, Melody Garrett, Dean Andrews, Tom Craig, Joe Duttine, Steve Huison, Venn Tracey, Sean Glenn, Andy Swallow, Charlie Brown, Juliet Bates, John Aston
Joseph Janni, Nell Dunn, John Cameron, Ken Loach, Donovan, Barry Hines, Tony Garnett, Tony Garnett, Sally Hibbin, Bill Jesse, Stewart Copeland, Jim Allen, Rona Munro, George Fenton, Rebecca O'Brien, Paul Laverty, Rob Dawber
SFDVD001
DVD (DVD )
Region 2 Learn More
Original Issue
Spirit Entertainment
Feature, Drama
Rental/Retail
Retail/Rental
BBFC Cert
(18) Suitable for 18 years and over.
Over 12 hours of intense and ground-breaking drama from one of Britain's greatest living directors.
In Loach's debut feature, 'Poor Cow' (1968), young mother Joy (Carol White) is forced to fend for herself when her brutal and uncaring husband, Tom (John Bindon), is put in jail.
Joy finds brief happiness with Tom's criminal associate Dave (Terence Stamp), who proves kind and gentle when she moves in with him, but this relationship ends when he is also jailed, and Joy is left to raise her young son alone in squalid circumstances. 'Kes' (1969), arguably Loach's best-loved film, is based on the novel by Barry Hines.
Billy is a young boy (David Bradley) living in a working-class Northern town, who finds a baby falcon which he cares for and trains.
His new hobby offers him respite from boredom and the bullying he receives at school, but he continues to suffer at the hands of his delinquent brother Jud (Freddie Fletcher). 'The Gamekeeper' (1980), also based on a novel by Barry Hines, tells the simple tale of a year in the life of a gamekeeper, detailing the challenges involved in rearing pheasants, dealing with predators (poachers and foxes), and preparing for the annual shooting party.
In the comedy drama 'Riff Raff' (1990), former jailbird Stevie (Robert Carlyle) travels to London, finds work on a building site, and sets up home in an abandoned flat.
One day he discovers a handbag in a skip and returns it to its owner, the would-be singer Susan (Emer McCourt).
The pair begin a romance, but Susan's drug use soon puts a strain on their relationship and an accident at work, caused by the building company's unscrupulous cost-cutting, brings tensions to a head. 'Raining Stones' (1993) is another hard-hitting story of inner-city poverty.
Unemployed and penniless, Bob (Bruce Jones) is desperate to earn enough money to pay for his daughter Coleen's (Gemma Phoenix) communion dress.
Unable to raise the cash any other way, he ends up borrowing from a vicious loan shark who then proceeds to terrorise Bob's wife and threaten further violence.
As the communion approaches, the family seemed locked into an impossible situation.
Liverpudlian stand-up comic Crissy Rock stars in the gritty drama 'Ladybird, Ladybird' (1994) as Maggie Conlon, a downtrodden woman who has had her children taken away by the social services for being an unfit mother.
When Maggie meets a kind and gentle Chilean refugee, they become lovers and move in together.
The couple start a family, but Maggie's past history with the social services causes problems as it means that their newborn baby is in danger of being taken away. 'Bread and Roses' (2000) tells the story of the struggle of Los Angeles office cleaners against unfair working practices.
Newly arrived in the US, Mexican immigrant Maya (Pilar Padilla) begins work for an office cleaning company.
One night, while carrying out her duties, she helps union organiser Sam (Adrien Brody) hide from some security guards, and then, after witnessing an elderly worker get the sack for being late, begins helping the union man in his efforts to win justice for the janitors.
However, no matter how persuasive Sam's appeals are, Maya's fellow cleaners worry that their decision to fight might jeopardise their livelihoods. 'The Navigators' (2001) is set in and around a South Yorkshire railway depot, and follows what happens to a group of rail workers after the 1995 privatisation of the British rail network.
The choice facing the men is clear: they can either carry on working for the depot and see the conditions granted them in their previous labour agreement ignored, or they can take the step into the open market and begin working for an agency.
Some of the men take the second option - and soon discover that agency work often falls short of the proper safety standards, creating conditions that soon lead to tragedy for one of their number.
Other Documentary: '1993 Documentary Profile of Ken Loach from The south Bank Show'
Cast Film Makers Notes


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Knife Law Reform In New York Must Wait Another Year
January 1, 2017 by John Richardson 0 Comments
Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D-NY) ignored the overwhelming support in both houses of the New York Assembly for reform of New York's gravity knife law and vetoed the bill today. The bill had the support of groups such as the NAACP and the ACLU who normally would not support a pro-2A bill. In this case, they saw the harm that the existing law caused for the average New Yorker.
I guess I could make a joke about Cuomo getting confused on what he was supposed to do after indulging in one too many of girlfriend Sandra Lee's cocktails but what he did was give the average New Yorker the finger.
Knife Rights has the full story below.
Cuomo Sides with NYC Pols – Gives Finger to the People
Waiting until the last possible moment, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has vetoed Knife Rights' Gravity Knife and Switchblade Reform Bill,
effectively giving the finger to New York's legislature that
overwhelmingly passed the bill and the large coalition of organizations,
many part of his own constituency, which supported the bill. Despite
the thousands who called and emailed the Governor to sign the bill, and
thanks very much for those who did so, he sided with the disingenuous
arguments made by New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, NYPD Commissioner
James O'Neill and District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr., virtually the only
ones who opposed the bill. In vetoing this bill he has potentially
doomed thousands more to arrest and prosecution for carrying common
pocket knives that won't get someone arrested virtually anywhere except
in New York City.
Despite Cuomo's avowed commitment to criminal justice reform in New York, this veto clearly shows the lie to that claim.
Next year's session of the New York Legislature is almost
upon us and we'll be back again working to fix the state's Gravity Knife
law to prevent these arrests and prosecutions. This bill passed with
such large majorities in both houses of the legislature that an override
of a veto is theoretically possible.
Meanwhile, our five-year-old Federal civil rights lawsuit over the constitutionality of New York City's "wrist flick" test awaits a decision which could settle the issue for certain.
Tags: Gov. Andrew Cuomo knife laws Knife Rights New York
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Cardiff Lettings on 029 2052 0520 or email info@cardifflettings.
Washington, Jan 31 ( ANI ): Scientists have spotted vast clouds of hot gas 'sloshing' in Abell 2052, a galaxy cluster situated nearly 480 million light years from Earth.
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BBC2,Wednesday, 9pm International sci-fi drama, with more than a hint of soap, is set in 2052 and follows eight astronauts from five countries embarking on a mysterious six-year mission which is not what it said on the space tin.
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Barrass had arrived at the prison with a 2052 form, an indication he may try to harm himself.
Assuming continued economic growth, according to this optimistic view, the currently projected shortfall could hit in 2052, 2062, or be pushed back indefinitely.
The branch, which is located at 2052 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
The wealth transfer between 1998 and 2052 will range from a low-end estimate of $41 trillion to $136 trillion at the high end.
A THREE-BEDROOM semi could cost pounds 5million by 2052 if price rises match the last half-century.
THE cost of an average home could hit pounds 5 million in 2052, if price rises continue at the same rate as in the previous 50 years.


This stunningly angel is exactly what Gisela Graham is famous for! Her designs are so unique and intricate, who could resist this lovely decoration? Made of resin and fabric, the attention to detail is wonderful.