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Portrait of a Marriage – Wounds that Won't Heal
This is first in a series entitled: Portraits of a Marriage
Individual Problems in Marriage Counseling
In relationships, sometimes the way a couple relates is the problem, and the therapist's job is to help the couple modify their interactional styles (i.e.: teaching them how to "communicate better").
Sometimes, however, improving communication is not enough.
They may have a long history of "no fighting," yet both remain discontent, unsettled, or sad. For many, this is a developmental challenge, and requires them to look more deeply into the conflict, to find the dreams that reside there
Individual Problems
The Assessment Results:
Clinical Guide to TreatmentThe Sound Relationship House Analysis
Lorraine's* History
Jack's History
Couple's Presenting Problem
The History of the Conflict
Current Struggles
The Demon Dance
Negative Sentiment Override
Perpetual Conflicts
The Couples Therapy Issues
I hope in this post to demonstrate two things: one is that working with couples is a challenging undertaking. It becomes an impossibly aimless one without a good assessment. The assessment results I've listed here are routine for myself and my team. We know what each of these marital elements are and we have specific interventions to turn them from a "problem" into a "strength."
Two, I want to outline one couple's clinical issues and how helpful it is to both the couple and the therapist, to have a roadmap to assist them in solving them.
Some wounds go deep. They have a history that began a long time ago, even before the couple met and got together. An individual may have partially resolved the issue, through individual counseling, addiction treatment, or their own hard work.
But painful memories leave scars.
In this post, I'll be talking about one couples that had to do work on themselves, as well as their marriage, in order to have a happier relationship.
Lorraine and Jack: Childhood Abuse and Repeating Major Depressive Episodes
Presenting Problem:
The couple came in after chronic fighting between husband Jack, and his son led to his wife request for a separation.
Lovemaps: Needs Improvement given conflict avoidance
Fondness and Admiration System: Needs Improvement
Turning Toward Instead of Away: Needs Improvement, missed Bids because of high anxiety
Positive/Negative Sentiment: Negative Sentiment Override.
Managing Conflict: Low skill level.
Three of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse present:
criticism (wife; husband -> son)
defensiveness (both)
stonewalling (both)
Conflict Style: Avoidant Couple
Making Life Dreams Come True: Gridlocked issues - Parenting, Managing Mental Illnesses
Creating Shared Meaning: Disengaged. Needs Improvement.
Co-morbidity: Minor elevated depression scores (Jack); PTSD (Lorraine)
Treatment Focus includes processing feelings and encouraging Lorraine to seek treatment for PTSD.
Sexual Styles: Partner One (Lorraine)- Trancer (? Trauma induced?) Partner Two (Jack) Partner Engager
No sex in 16 years. Very little physical affection.
Estimated Number of Sessions: 22-26 or 1 intensive and 6-10 sessions
Clinical Guide to Treatment
The Sound Relationship House Analysis
Lovemaps: Needs Improvement
Fondness & Admiration: Needs improvement
Turning Toward: High anxiety causes missed bids. Needs Improvement
Positive Perspective: Negative Sentiment Override.
Managing Conflict: Low Skill Level. Three of four Horsemen present
Making Life Dreams Come True: Gridlocked Issues include Parenting, Managing Mental Illness
Co-morbidities: Minor Depression (Jack) Developmental Trauma-PTSD (Lorraine)
Sexual Styles:
Lorraine: Trancer? Trauma inducted?
Jack: Partner Engager.
No sex in 16 years. Very little affection.
Estimated number of sessions: 22-26.
While Lorraine was functioning much better in her everyday life than was often the case with her husband, Jack, her childhood history was painful and left her a bit numb most of the time.
Her father was an abusive alcoholic. Lorraine regularly witnessed frightening abuse aimed at her mother, and lived in terror most of the time, as a child. She worked hard in school, despite her home life, and was able to complete college and get a good job as a nurse. She first met Jack while finishing graduate school in Nursing Administration.
What she most loved about Jack was his gentle nature, but also his warmth and affection. These were characteristics she had never known in a man. As Jack was later able to express:
"Lorraine never trusted me. She loves me, I know she does, but she never fully trusted me. And there was nothing I could do to prove that I was trustworthy. Believe me, I tried."
While the couple presented Jack's crippling depression as "the problem," the layers beneath the surface told a different tale. Jack's depression was impacted by his wife's with untreated PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Both had individual problems in marriage counseling, and these individual problems could not be ignored.
Lorraine's PTSD impacted not only Jack's depression, but also the couple's sex life, which Jack described as "always cool, but eventually turned cold and then non-existent."
Lorraine presented with a history of PTSD (Developmental Trauma)
Jack's family was more functional than Lorraine's. He was raised in a warm, loving family, but despite this, his mother suffered from depression that ranged from mild to moderate. He remembers her as often "sad," and sometimes "overly emotional."
"When she was depressed, she would get very agitated and irritable, and the slightest thing would have her lock her door and cry. I know it was the depression now, but back then, when I was a kid, I thought I caused it."
In Jack's excellent individual psychotherapy, the depressive episodes were the focus on treatment. But his marital relationship was never fully explored, despite the fact that depression in one spouse causes a nine-fold increase in divorce.
His therapist had referred him for anti-depressives medication believing "he had a family history of depression," and otherwise did brief treatment. Jack learned strategies for better managing his depressive symptomatology, which helped.
When he presented for couples therapy treatment, reported being upset at his marital troubles, but not currently depressed
Jack scored high for clinical depression on the screening instrument
Jack and Lorraine had always thought of themselves as being in a "good marriage." They never fought, and lived a comfortable life. True, they had lost a sense of closeness and sexual intimacy with each other, but they rationalized that "sex at our age isn't a big deal." Lorraine is 58, and Jack just turned 60.
The couple would probably not have come in, had it not been for their son, Jared. Jared, now 32, had moved home after a hostile divorce that left him close to bankruptcy. Jared was also depressed, borderline alcoholic, and was resentful of his life circumstances, and his financial dependency on his parents.
His attitude became increasingly belligerent and his behavior became harder to live with. As his drinking increased, and his behavior worsened, his worried parents began to argue about how to best handle it.
In the past, as already mentioned, this couple remained distant from each other and seldom fought. Neither felt entitled to the unhappiness they experienced in the marriage. They treated each other like wounded soldiers who had to be treated gently.
When they interacted, it was not hostile, but hardly engaged. They described themselves as having an "efficient," but not passionate marriage, and were proud of their friendship.
Their son's circumstances changed all of that. Jared came back to his parents' house one night, after a night of drinking, and made a lot of noise.
Neither parent was asleep. Despite Jared being well into adulthood, they worried about him the same way they had when he was still a teenager.
Jack wanted his son to "face up to the problems" he had and "deal with them." Jack would go down to meet Jared when he got home and the two would "go at it."
While the men fought downstairs, Lorraine sat in bed, frozen with fear. While she hadn't identified it at the time, the raised voices brought her back to childhood, when she felt helpless to intervene in the violence directed at her mother.
Her own individual problems in marriage counseling impacted her capacity to communicate effectively, and this would take more than teaching communication "skills" to fix.
While Jack and Jared never came to blows, her body reacted as if they had. She was flooded, her heart pounded, and she wanted to run away. She felt sick inside.
While Lorraine didn't know what caused her feelings, she knew it needed to stop. She thought "it" was the anger and the hostility between Jack and Jared, but it was also the flooding she experienced in her body. She was overwhelmed--and she blamed it all on Jack.
To Lorraine, Jack was the one who "started it." "If he just left Jared alone, things would be okay," she told herself. It was impossible for her to hear Jack's side of the story, through her fear, and bodily reactions.
Her anger was intense toward her husband, greater than it had been at any previous point in her marriage. It was as if the fights between her husband and son opened up a floodgate of anger toward her husband that was decades old.
Unbeknownst to both of them, Lorraine was attempting to heal old childhood wounds, but she was ill-equipped to do so. Lorraine had learned in her childhood that fighting was dangerous, and led to violence, so she had scrupulously avoided it in her marriage
But now, in the battle between her husband and son, she was the protector. She stood up to Jack. Symbolically, she was unconsciously defending her mother when she "protected" her only son.
As a child, it was too terrifying (and dangerous) to have been able to actually protect her mother from her father. Jack was not like her father. He was a stand-in that she could safely take on.
She had promised herself that her household would not be full of the turmoil she lived with as a child. Now, however, she and Jack were now embroiled in a bitter fight that saw no resolution.
While the couple had a different philosophy about parenting throughout their marriage, they had successfully avoided fighting about it, by each drawing clear lines of responsibility for managing the household and the family.
If Jack tried to institute discipline, Lorraine stepped in to "handle it." Jack acquiesced most times, but never felt right about it. Instead of putting in place what Jack considered "logical consequences" for Jared's childhood misbehavior, Lorraine preferred to have "a quiet talk," with him, and review what Jared had done wrong, and extract a promise of better behavior.
Now, from Jack's point of view, things were different. Jared was an adult, and Jack would no longer tolerate behavior that Jack felt "violated his right to a peaceful and quiet home." If Jared couldn't respect the rules, he could "find somewhere else to live."
This dynamic between father and son became symbolic to Jack of every failed attempt he had made to institute discipline, and be a good father.
This time, Jack would not back down. He would be an active and responsible father. Jared would either live by Jack's rules, or Jared could leave.
When the couple fought about Jared, the battles were brief and intense but left a long trail of bitter resentment. Neither had any history of learning how to fight effectively. Lorraine was sharply critical of "the way Jack handled things," and she sniped at him.
Jack was astounded and hurt at his wife's attacks. Despite the earlier agreements made by the couple before Jared moved in, Lorraine seemed completely unwilling to enforce any of them.
And there was more.
While Lorraine was very patient during Jack's depressive episodes, she now blamed him for these symptoms. She talked as if his behavior was intended to hurt her. Her years of resentments flowed out during these fleeting fights.
Jack was stunned. He felt like a fool. Here he had believed all of this time that his wife was understanding and supportive of his painful periods of depression, but to Jack, this was now an act. Lorraine would never again be a safe person.She was a phony, a fake...and dangerous emotionally.
When the fights began he would initially be angry, but then withdraw and stonewall. His bitterness toward his wife grew daily. And as it did, his anger toward his son intensified. It was a repetitive demon dance.
As their disagreement about how to handle their adult son became entrenched, their fights broadened to become about everything that was ever wrong with their marriage. They fell into Negative Sentiment Override and repainted their relationship history with a dark brush. The good in their relationship faded, and the problems came to the fore.
While normally they would try to "ignore" perpetual problems, this one could not be ignored. Jared became even less respectful and more demanding, as the fights and tensions between them grew.
Long-standing issues between couples, that don't ever get resolved aren't "the problem."
In fact, of all the things couples fight about, 69% fall into the category of
"perpetual problems," that don't go away. This is true of happy and unhappy couples equally.
Perpetual problems often arise from differences in personality or lifestyle preferences. Differences in parenting styles are a common perpetual problem. Both happily married couples and miserable couples have perpetual problems that account for 69% of what they fight about.
If the problem isn't "the problem," then what is?
Gridlocked issues between couples feel like "life or death" struggles. They bring out the worst in people when not handled well. Neither can give up their positions, and these positions become polarized and entrenched.
The way a couple fights about a perpetual issue will either lead to greater understanding or greater alienation and gridlock. If the issue isn't likely to change (and it isn't), the goal is to talk about it in a way that respects each person's position.
As respect and safety grows, the couple is able to explore with each other the underlying beliefs, values, or meanings that the position holds for each of them. Gottman calls it "The Dream within the Conflict," and a formal process is used to help couples resolve these issues.
When gridlocked issues become personal, defending one's position can turn into an attack on your partner's perspective or personality. Often motivations are framed as negative intentions. Instead of being viewed as a "couple's problem," the gridlocked issues becomes a "your problem..." a personality defect that each partner is blamed for.
In this conflict, Jack framed Lorraine's position as a continuation of a parenting style that had "ruined" Jared, by never holding him "accountable." She "sided" with Jared against him, according to Jack's version of reality, and "undermined" him as Father at every turn.
Jack's behavior, from Lorraine's perspective, "antagonized an already tense situation." Jack was being "selfish" and "rigid" for insisting that Jared either comply with the rules or leave. For Lorraine, Jack was being "a bully...kicking Jared when he was down."
And this couple, who "never fought," and "got along so well" despite their life challenges, were now on the verge of divorce. Their relationship history was being re-written as each fight progressed. All the "bad" between them was coming to the fore, and all the "good" was disappearing.
They each had "a chip on their shoulder," seeing "the glass as half empty." This is common in couples that have fallen into what Gottman calls "Negative Sentiment Override." This is a roach motel for lovers: They check in, but they don't check out.
Fighting was problematic because any sort of difference between them made both of them very anxious. Previously, they could manage this anxiety by smoothing over or ignoring the issue, or pretending it didn't exist. Now, they could not.
Each of them became more polarized. Neither could listen, understand, nor respect the other's point of view. The "existential heart of the matter" was never uncovered for either of them, and a stalemate developed.
During the last fight that Jack and Jared had, Jack told his son to "move out." Lorraine said she thought Jack should be the one to leave.
Facing separation, they sought help.
For Jack and Lorraine, the issues that brought them into therapy were long-standing and had dramatically impacted their relationship. While they each believed that the problem was "the fighting," in reality it was the avoidance of conflict over the years that had created such fragility between them, including distance and loneliness.
While they would never become a couple who actively enjoyed a good fight, they had no real skills to process conflict at all. Avoidance and distance were their only strategy, and it didn't serve them well
In couples therapy, the fight around Jared allowed the couples to learn effective ways to process disagreements.
These included six skills:
• Using Gentle Start-Up
• Practicing Physiological Self-Soothing
• Repairing and De-Escalating
• Listening to Partner's Underlying Feelings
• Accepting Influence• Compromising
Lorraine was insightful. As she spoke about her fears, she recognized that her fear of Jack's aggression was not grounded in reality. Jack was and had always been, a gentle soul. Her fears were linked to her trauma around her family-of-origin.
She also became aware that while "a quiet talk" had been useful in parenting a 10-year-old, it would hardly work the same for a 32-year-old that was actively abusing alcohol. Her "dream" was "rational cooperation," and any signs of fighting threatened that dream. But she had to agree with Jack, that "rational cooperation" required two willing parties, and Jared was hardly "willing."
For Jack, his historical sense of powerlessness in parenting his son was woven into his feelings about having depression. It was painful to him and left him feeling like a failure. He felt weak, and was unwilling to "rock the boat."
While he recognized Jared's precarious situation, he expected his son to talk it out, not "act it out" in a destructive and self-destructive way. Confronting Jared's drunkenness, was Jack's way of now actively parenting his adult son, perhaps for the first time.
While his long history of depression caused him often to forsake this responsibility and allow his wife to "run things her way," Jack was not depressed now.
He was feeling strong. He wanted to be a role-model to Jared, even if it meant getting tough. He wanted his son to "be a man," and for Jack, this meant facing into his problems, and actively working to solve them.
He, too, initially saw fighting with his wife as the initial problem, and Jared as a bigger problem. However, as he was able to identify his dreams, and vocalize his goals of becoming a better father, he began to feel closer to his wife. He learned that asserting himself could be productive, and bring them closer together.
His attitude about fighting changed, as he realized that processing a fight well was the "solution," not the problem.
For couples like Jack and Lorraine, the work of couples therapy involves allowing them to understand the anxiety that gets generated in conflict as a growthful, positive sign.
Historically, feeling anxious was interpreted by each as a sign that meant "something was wrong," and they would withdraw in reaction to anxiety. Now, they learned that managing anxiety was a task of adult development, and they learned to "move closer," for intimacy, rather than "moving away" for safety.
Their ability to develop the six skills of fighting allowed them to talk in a deeper, more meaningful way than they had been able to do previously. Lorraine spoke in more depth about how terrifying her early life had been, whereas before, she would gloss over it.
Jack was able to understand just how terrifying raised voices were to her, and vowed to stop them in his interactions with his son. He also began to see Jared as depressed, instead of disrespectful and rebellious. He talked to his son about getting help for a mental illness he, too, knew intimately.
Jack was able to talk about what it had been like for him to be depressed on and off over the years, and the powerlessness he felt. This was a subject filled with such shame, one that he had avoided. As they talked, both of them began framing the depression as the challenge, not Jack, the man.
As Jack began to talk candidly about his depression, this allowed Lorraine to speak of her sadness and loneliness when Jack was depressed, and her upset about his sexual withdrawal from her.
Intimacy, while not always easy to achieve, was the key to revitalizing this couple. As they got closer and felt more intimate, they were able to come to an agreement about how to handle their son. But more importantly, they developed valuable skills that allowed them to process disagreements as they arose.
As they were able to vocalize disagreements as they happened, their relationship became more vibrant and alive.
Not surprisingly, couples therapy evolved into sex therapy as the couple turned to issues of sexuality, and ways to revitalize their intimate sexual partnership.
Son Jared was depressed and borderline alcoholic.
Most problems between couples are a blend of skill building and processing past issues with present-day life. Even complicated, seemingly "impossible" issues can be helped with a science-based approach.
Have you been living with a perpetual problem that is painful?
Do you feel distant from one another, rather than intimate and alive?
Do your troubles need to heal? Do you want to repair your relationships?
Do you want a richer intimate life.
* To protect my clients' privacy, the names and details of this couples are fictitious. However, the interactional styles and issues they present are very real and common in couples therapy.
Dr. K is the President and CEO of Couples Therapy Inc. She maintains her online couples therapy and sex therapy practice for couples in Massachusetts, Florida, Arizona and California. She is a Gottman Certified Couples Therapist, has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy and sex therapist. She conducts in-person and online couples therapy intensives.


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Cryptocurrencies Could Be 20% of Capital Gains Tax Payments This Year
Tax liabilities for cryptocurrencies in the U.S. are estimated to total $25 billion, according to Fundstrat. Could this put selling pressure on cryptocurrency markets?
Kinsey Grant
Apr 5, 2018 12:45 PM EDT
The U.S. Treasury could get a big windfall this tax season from an unlikely new asset class: cryptocurrencies.
According to noted bitcoin bull Thomas Lee of Fundstrat, the total tax liability in the U.S. for cryptocurrencies is estimated to be $25 billion for 2017, meaning cryptocurrencies could be about 20% of total U.S. capital gain tax payments this tax season.
But with expectations high for an enormous cryptocurrency-driven boost to the Treasury, traders have begun to worry that the fast-approaching April 15 tax filing deadline could be adding selling pressure in crypto markets. According to Lee, there is "likely some credence" to those concerns. Here's why.
In 2017, traders increased the value of the cryptocurrency market by a record $590 billion, which was 60 times the previous record addition of $11 billion in 2016. Of that massive increase in market value, Lee said he estimated 30% of cryptocurrency holders were in the U.S., meaning $187 billion of the market value increase came from domestic traders.
Because of the significant number of U.S. investors paired with astronomical crypto gains in late 2017, there were about $92 billion in taxable gains from digital currencies in the U.S. for the year, Lee said. That could mean U.S. cryptocurrency holders are responsible for a tax liability of $25 billion.
"This is a massive outflow from crypto to USD and historical estimates are each $1 of USD outflow is $20 to $25 impact on crypto market value," Lee wrote.
And the Internal Revenue Service has made it clear it won't be lax on collecting crypto-related tax receipts, Lee noted. Total receipts for capital gains from the Treasury are expected to hit a record $168 billion for the income tax year 2017, Lee said, which would top the previous record in 2007 by $31 billion. About $143 billion of that total will come from non-crypto gains, leaving 20% to crypto's $25 billion in tax revenue. "If you are wondering why the IRS cares about crypto-taxes," Lee said, "this is the reason."
The cryptocurrency gains in 2017 were unprecedented, though. No other year has seen such astronomical price rallies in so many coins. That means it's unclear whether cryptocurrency will retain this large, 20% share of the government's capital gains tax receipts, Lee said.
"It's probably going to be very lump," Lee told TheStreet.
But the crypto tax bill could mean more than just a boost to the Treasury.
"We believe there is selling pressure by crypto exchanges who are subject to income tax in U.S. jurisdictions," Lee said, noting that several exchanges had net income in 2017 of more than $1 billion. Many exchanges keep their working capital in bitcoin cash or ethereum, meaning they may not have the cash on hand to pay their tax bills. Because of that, exchanges could be selling crypto to get enough cash to pay taxes, Lee suggested.
"We believe selling pressures have been amplified by capital gains tax-related selling this year," Lee wrote. "If this is correct, we should see improved dynamics after April 15. We still like bitcoin and large-caps and while we believe the bear market for alt coins is largely over, we do not see upside for alts until mid-August."
Lee said that data suggest most taxpayers file the week of April 15, meaning the selling "should ease up" in the U.S. once next week has come and gone.
Lee and the Fundstrat team target bitcoin at $25,000 at the end of this year, implying upside of 274% for the No. 1 cryptocurrency by market value. Lee said, "The on-ramps for crypto are still improving."
EconomyAnalyst ActionsCurrenciesRegulationOpinionTax TipsTaxesBitcoinTax PlanningInvesting

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I always fail at book reports on this blog. So let me make it simple - VW bus fans will love this freak show of one-off buses, trucks and other vehicles that fall somewhere in between. VW Bus and Pick-Up: Special Models covers all buses, and shows you models you couldn't have made up if you tried. Great for the nice, wooden inside bookcases rather than the greasy shelves in the shop. Read it.


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Дов Хоз (, Орша, Могилёвская губерния Российской империи — 29 декабря 1940, подмандатная Палестина) — еврейский политик, деятель рабочего сионизма. Член исполкома партии «Ахдут ха-Авода», глава Всемирного союза еврейских рабочих «Поалей Цион», один из основателей Гистадрута, заместитель мэра Тель-Авива.

Биография

Детство и юность
Дов Хоз родился в 1894 году в Орше (в то время Могилёвская губерния Российской империи) в семье деятеля «Ховевей Цион» и преподавателя иврита Баруха Хоза. Уже в детстве отец занимался с ним ивритом, затем в Крыму мальчик также посещал русскую школу.

В 1906 году семья Хозов в полном составе иммигрировала в Палестину, в то время входившую в состав Османской империи. Там Дов стал в 1913 году одним из первых выпускников первой ивритской гимназии «Герцлия». Ещё в гимназии он попал под влияние идей рабочего сионизма, пропагандируемых Берлом Каценельсоном, и сблизился с активистами движения «Ха-Шомер», а по окончании учёбы присоединился к одному из первых кибуцев — Дгании.

После начала Первой мировой войны семья Хозов получила турецкое гражданство, позволившее им остаться в Палестине. Сам Дов в это время совместно с Элияху Голомбом выступил за организацию военной подготовки среди членов еврейского ишува в Палестине, создав так называемую Яффскую группу. В 1915 году по рекомендации руководства ишува Хоз (вместе с другими выпускниками гимназии «Герцлия» и учительской семинарии в Иерусалиме) ушёл добровольцем в турецкую армию. Окончив в Стамбуле офицерскую школу, он был направлен на охрану линий телеграфной связи, центр которой находился в Дамаске. В этот период Хоз завязал дружеские отношения с турецкими офицерами, но позже, когда был отпущен в Палестину на похороны отца, обнаружил, что жители еврейского ишува стали жертвами репрессий со стороны османских властей, после чего принял решение дезертировать из армии. На это решение оказала также влияние опубликованная в ноябре 1917 года Декларация Бальфура, обещавшая помощь Великобритании в создании еврейского национального очага в Палестине. Турецкий военный трибунал заочно приговорил Хоза к смертной казни, и он был вынужден скрываться, пока контроль над Палестиной не перешёл в руки британцев. После этого он вступил в Еврейский легион, призвав еврейскую молодёжь Палестины поступать так же. Он демобилизовался из британской армии в 1919 году.

Сионистская деятельноость
После окончания войны Дов Хоз играл заметную роль с рабочем сионистском движении. Он был одним из основателей партии «Ахдут ха-Авода» и входил в её исполнительный комитет. Хоз регулярно становился делегатом Всемирных сионистских конгрессов, начиная с 12-го. Он также принимал участие в создании Всеобщей федерации трудящихся Земли Израильской (Гистадрута) в 1920 году. Под его руководством в Гистадруте была создана служба общественных работ (в дальнейшем компания «Солель боне»). Хоз представлял Гистадрут в ходе контактов с рабочим движением на Западе, в 1922 году будучи откомандирован с этой целью в Берлин, в 1927—1928 годах в США, а в конце 1928 года в Лондон, где возглавил Всемирный союз еврейских рабочих «Поалей Цион». Кроме того, в этот период Хоз ездил в Вену, уже не по делам Гистадрута, а по поручению организации еврейской самообороны в Палестине «Хагана». В 1925—1927 годах он входил в состав городского совета Тель-Авива.

В 1931 году, в ходе очередного визита в Лондон, Хоз представлял Гистадрут на съезде Всемирной федерации тред-юнионов и на конференциях лейбористской партии. Он также использовал эту поездку для учёбы в Лондонской школе экономики. В 1933 году он был одним из членов комиссии по расследованию убийства Хаима Арлозорова, пришедшей к выводам о том, что за этим убийством стояли сионисты-ревизионисты. В 1930-е годы он всячески способствовал развитию авиации в Палестине, сам получив пилотскую лицензию. В 1936 году Хоз стал заместителем мэра Тель-Авива.

29 декабря 1940 года Дов Хоз посещал вместе с женой Ривкой Шерток (сестрой будущего премьер-министра Израиля Моше Шарета — одноклассника Хоза по гимназии «Герцлия») и ещё несколькими членами семьи еврейских заключённых в женской тюрьме в Акко. По дороге обратно в Тель-Авив автомобиль, который вёл сам Хоз, попал в аварию; погибли как водитель, так и все пассажиры, кроме сестры Дова Хавы Бородовской. Среди убитых были жена Хоза Ривка и дочь Тирца. Ещё одна дочь, Тамар, не была в разбившейся машине и пережила отца.

Память
Уже в год гибели Хоза мэрия Тель-Авива учредила ежегодную премию, носящую его имя и вручавшуюся наиболее отличившимся еврейским авиаторам. В Тель-Авиве имя Дова Хоза было присвоено также аэропорту Сде-Дов, улице и клубу трудящейся молодёжи. В годовщину гибели Дова, Ривки и Тирцы Хоз на юге Иудеи был основан кибуц , названный по первым буквам их имён.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Персоналии:Сионизм
Делегаты Всемирных сионистских конгрессов
Социалисты Израиля

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PRO HOCKEY TALKPHT Winnipeg Jets
Central Division arms race only intensifying
By Scott BilleckJul 14, 2019, 3:08 PM EDT
It's the National Hockey League's version of an arms race, a Cold War of sorts.
The developing and cultivating of assets has been rampant in the Central Division over the past few seasons, if not several more before that. Powerhouses have arisen, some likely — Nashville, for instance, and Winnipeg, too, with their drafting.
Others have forged different paths. The St. Louis Blues tricked the world in January when they sat in last place in the NHL, only to hoist the Stanley Cup in the middle of June in one of sports most remarkable comeback stories.
From Manitoba down through Texas, the Central has become and remained hockey's toughest division, one where aggressiveness in the trade market, in the scouting department and on the draft floor has paid off in dividends for those who have been patient to allow their teams to blossom. And those who have been able to unload and reload, too, have found success.
Four of the past 10 Cup champs have come from the division, and while the Blackhawks have won three of those, others have come close, including the Predators who reached the Cup final in 2017.
The paths have been many, and it's resulted in a division full of legitimate playoff contenders, if not Stanley Cup ones as well.
It's a proper standoff.
Let's delve a little deeper into the Central Division waters, shall we?
Dallas Stars: They have grown one of the best defenses in the league, command one of the best goalies in the NHL and added a lethal scoring threat in Joe Pavelski this summer, took a cheap and calculated risk on Corey Perry and took a chance on the oft-injured Andrej Sekera.
If the payoff becomes more goals, a rejuvenated leader in Perry and a stout defenseman that Sekera can be, the Stars, who were a goal away from the Western Conference Final this past season, could be a major player in the division.
Colorado Avalanche: The Avs have made their intentions clear. After an unlikely second-round appearance in this past year's playoffs, the Avs have added the fourth-overall pick thanks to offloading Matt Duchene a couple seasons ago to the Ottawa Senators, who were horrible last season. They signed Joonas Donskoi in free agency, Pierre-Edouard Bellemare, too, and pried Andre Burakovsky away from the Washington Capitals and Nazem Kadri from the Toronto Maple Leafs in an aggressive start to the offseason.
Colorado already has some of the best offensive weapons in the NHL with Mikko Rantanen, Nathan MacKinnon and Gabriel Landeskog. It remains to be seen if their defense takes a hit with the loss of Tyson Barrie in the Kadri deal. But a young team got a good taste in the postseason this year and the additions made can only make the team better.
Still strong
Nashville Predators: The trade-off for adding Matt Duchene was shipping out P.K. Subban. It's a steep price to pay, but one mitigated by having one of the best defensive cores in the NHL even without Subban's services.
Duchene should add much-needed goal-scoring to the club, including on the power play where the Preds were abysmal last year (12.9%, 31st in the NHL). The Predators still ooze talent, and they're a tough-as-nails team to play against, Subban or not. They'll challenge once again for a third-successive division crown.
St. Louis Blues: The Stanley Cup champs found a way to make the best of the sum of their parts. It's not that they didn't have skill, but they also didn't have a bona fide superstar, at least during the regular season.
But a rugged team that bands together seems to be a squad that can find success, despite whatever perceived lackings they have (see: Vegas, 2018). Jordan Binnington remains a question mark only because we need to see him play a full season at (or at least near) the level he produced after getting his first NHL start on Jan. 7. Ryan O'Reilly was exactly what the team needed and if Robby Fabbri can stay healthy, they could get a good shot of talent injected into the roster.
The Unknowns
Winnipeg Jets: Losing Jacob Trouba hurts. How much so remains to be seen, but taking a top-pairing defender off any team is going to expose a gap that can be exploited.
The Jets are going to get younger once again this season, especially on the back end where they've lost Tyler Myers and Ben Chiarot. Those aren't losses that will hurt the team nearly as much, but its experience not on the roster anymore. The Jets will have competition for those spots and could still make a move on the back end (perhaps Jake Gardiner if they could make it work) that would improve that situation.
Signing Patrik Laine and Kyle Connor comes first, however. Andrew Copp, too, along with Neal Pionk, part of their return for Trouba. The Jets still need to sort out their second-line center issue. Who plays with Laine is a big question with no answer at the moment. The Jets aren't the Stanley Cup contender they were two years ago, and they won't be riding the same hype train they rode coming into the past season. They also won't be terrible. They're still a playoff team, but the ceiling is unknown at the moment.
Did they improve?
Chicago Blackhawks: They've made some moves, giving Alexander Nylander a second chance while acquiring Calvin de Haan and Olli Maatta to make their defense stouter. And they have a quality 1-2 punch in goal now with the addition of Robin Lehner, who is some of the best insurance you can have with Crawford's injury proneness.
Will Dylan Strome continue to flourish as he did last season when he joined the team? Alex DeBrincat is a very good player and they still have Patrick Kane and Jonathan Toews. Part of their backend is still fossilizing, however. And can Corey Crawford remain healthy? They signed Robin Lehner, so that could take some uncertainty away.
I'm inclined to think Chicago has gotten better and can compete for a playoff spot. I'm just not sure they're on the same level as the teams above.
The struggle
Minnesota Wild: One wonders where this team is heading. Signing Mats Zuccarello is a good addition and taking a cheap chance on Ryan Hartman isn't half bad.
But even with that, where is the goal scoring coming from? They traded away Mikael Granlund and Zuccarello has broken the 20-goal barrier just once in his career. Zach Parise isn't the player he used to be. Eric Staal isn't getting any younger. Ryan Suter can only play so many minutes a night and Devan Dubnyk took a step down last season, along with the rest of the team.
Tags: Central Division, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, Nashville Predators, St. Louis Blues, Western Conference, Winnipeg Jets, Alex DeBrincat, Andre Burakovsky, Andrej Sekera, Andrew Copp, Ben Chiarot, Calvin De Haan, Corey Crawford, Devan Dubnyk, Drew Copp, Dylan Strome, Eric Staal, Gabriel Landeskog, Jacob Trouba, Jake Gardiner, Joe Pavelski, Jonathan Toews, Joonas Donskoi, Jordan Binnington, Kyle Connor, Mats Zuccarello, Matt Duchene, Mikael Granlund, Mikko Rantanen, Nathan MacKinnon, Nazem Kadri, Neal Pionk, Olli Maatta, P.K. Subban, Patrick Kane, Patrik Laine, Pierre-Edouard Bellemare, Robby Fabbri, Robin Lehner, Ryan Hartman, Ryan O'Reilly, Ryan Suter, Tyler Myers, Tyson Barrie, Zach Parise
Binnington, Trouba rank as most interesting salary arbitration cases
NHL players usually don't make it all the way through the salary arbitration process, but the deadlines involved often push teams, players, and agents to hash something out — sometimes within hours of a potentially contentious hearing.
Few of the 40 players who elected to go to salary arbitration will actually make it all the way there; Malcolm Subban's already off the list as of Tuesday, July 9. Still, with names like Jordan Binnington, Jacob Trouba, David Rittich, and Will Butcher among those who filed, the list is relevant, whether the deadlines speed up the process or the teams face the unenviable task of talking down their respective values without burning bridges.
You can see the list, with dates, at the bottom of this post. It's notable not just that Binnington is on it, but that he's set to go on July 20, the first day of a process that runs through Aug. 4.
Before you get to the full list, consider some of the most intriguing players who filed.
Jordan Binnington: As we've discussed at PHT, it's difficult to find easy parallels for the Stanley Cup success story, who will turn 26 on July 11.
Binnington was sensational as a driving force of the Blues' historic turnaround to their first-ever Stanley Cup, going 24-5-1 (!) with a sparkling .927 save percentage during the regular season. While his postseason save percentage dipped to .914, he was a rock for the Blues, getting stronger as each series went along. That point was made clearest in Game 7 of the 2019 Stanley Cup Final, as he made the difference as St. Louis beat the Bruins in Boston.
Binnington's side could easily lead with the argument: "Well, how much is a Stanley Cup worth to you?"
The Blues' side isn't outrageous, either.
Binnington now only has 33 regular-season games (plus 26 playoff games) on his NHL resume, which isn't much for a soon-to-be 26-year-old. Part of Binnington's Cinderella story is that he struggled to gain opportunities, even at lower levels. While fairly impressive stats in the AHL and at other levels argue that Binnington probably deserved more looks, St. Louis could still argue his side down based on a small sample size.
It's tough to imagine the Blues wanting to go too deep into pessimism here, though, and it would probably behoove them to strike a deal before an arbitrator gets to see GIFs of Binnington making breathtaking, Cup-winning saves.
(GIFs should totally be involved in these processes, in my opinion.)
Quite a few Blues runs have been derailed by bad goaltending, leaving fans to wonder what might happen if they finally got that guy who could make stops. Cap management is important, but at some point, you just have to stop messing with a good thing … even if it remains to be seen if Binnington can come close to duplicating this success.
Jacob Trouba: The Rangers gained Trouba's rights, but being that he's one of the rare players to go deep into the process, as Trouba did with Jets in 2018, New York probably realizes that it might not be easy to nickel-and-dime the defenseman.
The New York Post's Larry Brooks reports that a contract could be mammoth: something in the seven year range term-wise, with a cap hit that could be well above $7M.
Trouba's time with Winnipeg has occasionally dulled his stats, as he's battled Dustin Byfuglien and even Tyler Myers for certain opportunities. Perhaps the Rangers could sand away a hearing with a focus on previous efforts, but with Trouba managing 50 points this past season, that might not go far. Really, the Rangers probably want to lock him up long-term, so it would be surprising if they'd want to risk souring anything with Trouba, especially since the Jets situation spoiled long ago.
The Rangers also have to realize that Trouba is comfortable exploring whatever limited options his RFA rights provide.
David Rittich: Is Rittich the Flames' goalie of the future, or will he lose out even to Cam Talbot next season? "Big Save Dave" showed some flashes of brilliance, yet he ceded key late starts to Mike Smith in 2018-19, and his .911 save percentage won't set hearings on fire.
Hearing or not, his next contract should be intriguing. Would Calgary want to try to find a bargain by handing out a little more term, or would both sides be comfortable with a one or two-year "prove it" type deal?
Will Butcher: The Devils would likely hope that arbitrators use less sophisticated stats (Butcher was a -17 in 2018-19) than the fancy variety, as he was impressive from an analytics standpoint, especially compared to Devils teammates.
With 30 points and a healthy 19:16 TOI average, Butcher is clearly an emerging talent. It might be worth the risk to lock him up for more term than what is normally handed out in hearings where a compromise is the goal, rather than a long-term pact.
There are some other interesting names on this list. How much of the Bruins' precious cap space will be eaten up by Danton Heinen? What goes to current Ranger Pavel Buchnevich, not to mention former Ranger and Trouba trade element Neal Pionk?
Here's the full list, with dates:
Joel Armia
Jordan Binnington
Jason Dickinson
Brock McGinn
Malcolm Subban (signed)
Andrew Copp
Christian Djoos
Ville Husso
MacKenzie Weegar
Evan Rodrigues
Neal Pionk
Oskar Sundqvist
Connor Carrick
Jacob Trouba
Colton Sissons
Sam Bennett
Chase DeLeo
Mirco Mueller
Pavel Buchnevich
David Rittich
Scott Laughton
J.T. Compher
Ryan Lomberg
Chandler Stephenson
Will Butcher
Charles Hudon
Linus Ullmark
Danton Heinen
Artturi Lehkonen
Sheldon Dries
Joel Edmundson
Rocco Grimaldi
Jake McCabe
Rinat Valiev
Tags: 2019 NHL free agency, Boston Bruins, Calgary Flames, Colorado Avalanche, Danton Heinen, David Rittich, Jacob Trouba, Jordan Binnington, Los Angeles Kings, Nashville Predators, Neal Pionk, New Jersey Devils, New York Rangers, Pittsburgh Penguins, salary arbitration, St. Louis Blues, Washington Capitals, Alex Iafallo, Andrew Copp, Artturi Lehkonen, Brock McGinn, Cam Talbot, Chandler Stephenson, Charles Hudon, Christian Djoos, Colton Sissons, Connor Carrick, Danton Heinen, David Rittich, Drew Copp, Dustin Byfuglien, Evan Rodrigues, J.T. Compher, Jacob Trouba, Jake McCabe, Jason Dickinson, Joel Armia, Joel Edmundson, Jordan Binnington, Linus Ullmark, MacKenzie Weegar, Malcolm Subban, Mike Smith, Mirco Mueller, Neal Pionk, Oskar Sundqvist, Pavel Buchnevich, Rocco Grimaldi, Sam Bennett, Scott Laughton, Tyler Myers, Will Butcher, Zach Aston-Reese
How will Winnipeg Jets fill out their roster?
Of all the 31 teams in the NHL, the Winnipeg Jets have the second highest amount of cap space remaining at this point. Only the Avalanche have more money available than Winnipeg's $22.872 million, but that cushion won't last much longer.
The Jets have already lost Jacob Trouba, Ben Chiarot and Tyler Myers on defense, and they still need to re-sign restricted free agents Patrik Laine and Kyle Connor. On the surface, it seems like they have a lot of money to do so, but they also only have seven forwards and six defenders under contract right now. Neal Pionk, who they acquired from New York in the Trouba deal, is also a restricted free agent.
Losing Chiarot and Myers isn't the end of the world, but replacing them with Nathan Beaulieu, Sami Niku, Pionk or Tucker Poolman isn't ideal. Finding someone to step in for Trouba will be nearly impossible. The 25-year-old logged over 22:53 of ice time during the regular season and he had 50 points in 82 contests.
So it's difficult to envision Winnipeg being better on defense this year.
Even if general manager Kevin Cheveldayoff re-signs forwards Connor, Laine and Andrew Copp, that would still only put him at 10 forwards on the active roster. That means he'd have to sign two more fourth-line players and at least one extra body. That's not going to be easy considering Laine and Connor will likely cost somewhere in the neighbourhood of $15 million or $16 million.
If you add salaries for Pionk and Copp and you consider that a lot of the quality free agents have already been signed, you quickly realize that Cheveldayoff doesn't have a ton to work with right now.
This is the difficult part of being in the salary cap world. It hurts less to dismantle your team piece by piece when you have a Stanley Cup to show for it. But the Jets haven't won anything, and they're already being forced to pick their roster apart because the talent they've drafted and developed is starting to get too expensive.
"I've got a very big plate," Cheveldayoff said last month, per the Winnipeg Sun. "It seems like every summer, that question gets asked and the next summer is always the most important one. But that's the truth. The opportunities and the work that we have in front of us is real important. We've got a lot of work that needs to be done with exceptional players that we've drafted and are a big part of our organization and a big part of our future. So, this summer will be the most important one, until the next one."
Assuming that Laine and Connor each make over $6 million per year, that would give the Jets five forwards at that price or higher. Add Dustin Byfuglien's $7.6 million cap hit and Connor Hellebuyck's $6.166 million cap hit, and it's easy to see why they're in such a difficult spot cap-wise.
They also have to consider that Byfuglien and Poolman are the only two defenseman they have under contract beyond next season. They'll have to make important decisions on Dmitry Kulikov and they'll have to find a way to pay Josh Morrissey once he becomes a restricted free agent next summer. So it's not just about icing a competitive roster in 2019-20, it's also about setting yourself up financially going forward.
The Jets still have so much quality on their roster, but can this group find a way to go on another long playoff run?
• Examining different lengths, contract routes for Laine, Jets
Tags: 2019 NHL free agency, Winnipeg Jets, Andrew Copp, Ben Chiarot, Connor Hellebuyck, Dmitry Kulikov, Drew Copp, Dustin Byfuglien, Jacob Trouba, Josh Morrissey, Kyle Connor, Nathan Beaulieu, Neal Pionk, Patrik Laine, Sami Niku, Tyler Myers
Central Recasting: Division rivals ready to challenge Blues
Associated PressJul 2, 2019, 6:00 PM EDT
The NHL isn't a copycat league. It's a response league.
After the big and gritty St. Louis Blues muscled their way to the Stanley Cup, division rivals have responded in different ways.
The Nashville Predators inked top free agent center Matt Duchene ; the Dallas Stars beefed up with tough, playoff-tested scorers Joe Pavelski and Corey Perry; the Minnesota Wild got faster by signing Mats Zuccarello; the Colorado Avalanche replenished their scoring depth up front by trading for Nazem Kadri and Andre Burakovsky and signing Joonas Donskoi; and the Chicago Blackhawks went bargain hunting and ended up with Vezina Trophy finalist goaltender Robin Lehner.
There is no precise blueprint on challenging a champion. Teams in the East tried to ratchet up the speed and skill to keep up with the 2016 and 2017 Cup-winning Penguins, and Pittsburgh spent the past year adding size and toughness to go toe to toe with the Washington Capitals after they won.
Now the Central Division is stacked with the reigning Blues, Stars, Avalanche, Wild, Predators, Blackhawks and Winnipeg Jets ready to battle it out just to make the playoffs next season. Pacific powerhouses San Jose and Vegas lost some talent in free agency , and hockey's balance of power has tilted further toward the Central.
"Everyone is a contender before the season starts," said Zuccarello, who left the Stars for the Wild. "A playoff spot is where to start and then everyone knows once we get to the playoff it's about momentum and confidence. You never know what's going to happen. Take St. Louis. Nobody thought they were going to get to the playoffs on Jan. 1 and then they got a boost and got some confidence, and boom, they're the Stanley Cup champions."
A year ago, the Blues dominated July 1 by signing Patrick Maroon, Tyler Bozak and David Perron and trading for eventual Conn Smythe Trophy winner Ryan O'Reilly. Those moves paid off with the first championship in franchise history.
St. Louis was quieter this year, leaving the door open for plenty of activity around them. Dallas reached double overtime of Game 7 against the Blues in the second round and could sell that opportunity to win to pending free agents.
The Stars being one goal away from the Western Conference final lured Perry, who said "they have a legit chance to win." They sure think so with the additions of Perry and Pavelski to a core of Tyler Seguin, Jamie Benn, John Klingberg, Miro Heiskanen and Ben Bishop.
"Our team's trending up and it's a good sign," Dallas general manager Jim Nill said. "You can never be competitive enough. We saw that in the playoffs. I think St. Louis showed everybody that's how you've got to play and we were right there with St. Louis."
Nashville finished ahead of St. Louis the past two seasons before signing Duchene, and Winnipeg was right there in a six-game slobberknocker of a first-round series.
Playoff wild card Colorado is also trending up after being one win away from beating San Jose and facing St. Louis in the West final. The Avalanche had arguably the NHL's best line in Gabriel Landeskog, Nathan MacKinnon and Mikko Rantanen and went into the summer stuffed with salary-cap space and the intention of supplementing those stars with more offensive forwards.
"We're adding a supporting case to that group," GM Joe Sakic said. "The coaches have a lot of options to mix and match with line combinations."
That supporting cast includes a major upgrade at second-line center with Kadri, more speed with Burakovsky and a little bit of everything with Donskoi. Colorado still has plenty of room to sign Rantanen to a new contract and has enough young pieces that Kadri was convinced to waive his no-trade clause with Toronto to go there.
"The Colorado Avalanche are going to be contenders for many, many years to come with such a young team with great players," Kadri said Tuesday. "I definitely think that this team has a chance to not only do it once but multiple times hopefully in the future with the pieces that they have."
That won't be easy, especially in this division. Zuccarello believes Minnesota can rebound from missing the playoffs and ride talent and goaltender Devan Dubnyk to be the Blues of 2020.
"I think we are a competitor," GM Paul Fenton said after signing Zuccarello and forward Ryan Hartman . "You look at our team right now and the stability we have with our goaltending. There's not a lot of teams that have the top-four defensemen like we do in the league. And our center ice is just solid right down the middle. You put the excitement of our wingers on the outside, and I think we have a really good team that has a chance to win."
The regular season and first couple rounds are enough of a gauntlet that players aren't counting on anything done in June and July to guarantee success.
"We're enjoying the position we're in, but we haven't done anything yet," Landeskog said. "It's about taking that next step for us, and it's about making sure that we're all growing and we're all doing our part to get better."
AP Sports Writers Dave Campbell and Schuyler Dixon contributed.
Tags: Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, Nashville Predators, St. Louis Blues, Winnipeg Jets, Andre Burakovsky, Ben Bishop, David Perron, Devan Dubnyk, Gabriel Landeskog, Jamie Benn, Joe Pavelski, John Klingberg, Joonas Donskoi, Mats Zuccarello, Matt Duchene, Mikko Rantanen, Miro Heiskanen, Nathan MacKinnon, Nazem Kadri, Patrick Maroon, Robin Lehner, Ryan Hartman, Ryan O'Reilly, Tyler Bozak, Tyler Seguin
Examining different contract routes for Jets, Patrik Laine
By Scott BilleckJun 27, 2019, 11:21 AM EDT
Outside of Winnipeg, it's Mitch Marner's contract stalemate with the Toronto Maple Leafs that is all the rage.
But inside Winnipeg's city limits, where thoughts of the Maple Leafs account for more squeamish faces than anything else, it's Patrik Laine's name that reigns supreme.
In a perfect Winnipeg world, the Leafs would either lose Marner or sign him to something so ridiculous that Toronto suffers until global warming makes it impossible to play hockey.
Really, though, Winnipeg is good.
At least Laine once said so, maybe, as it appeared in The Players' Tribune story Laine couldn't fully remember telling.
Nevertheless, it spawned an affectionate relationship between the fanbase and the 21-year-old who's scored more goals than anyone not named Alex Ovechkin and Nikita Kucherov since entering the NHL in 2016.
One might be the greatest goal scorer the league has ever seen and the other just won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's MVP. Fair to say Laine is keeping some damn good company atop the goal-scoring pantheon.
Laine is good, too. And the man who once grew a goat beard because Finnish players can do what they want these days in the NHL, just so happens to be up for a mammoth raise.
Ah yes, another superstar about to cash in. It happens every offseason in the NHL, and sometimes during the season, too.
Big names need big pay. Laine's about to make it rain. How long cash will pour from the Jets' coffers, however, is still to be determined.
The number of years and how many zeroes will come after that first comma is the most fascinating thing in Winnipeg these days.
Winnipeg will be good when Laine's future is decided, but what does said future hold? Let's take a look at three scenarios that could come to pass for Winnipeg's future richest 21-year-old.
This is highly unfavorable for the Jets. Let's clear that bit up.
Sure, the Jets would save money for a minute. And some may even think that this would be best because the risk wouldn't be so high. In fact, it's the exact opposite. Laine scores goals in droves. And while he had a down year in this third season in the NHL, one can't discredit the 100-plus he's banked in three short years.
Laine's agent isn't at the negotiating table with last seasons statistics as his only ammunition. Laine's an elite goal scorer whose shooting percentage was down six percent than the year before, his 44-goal season, and five percent lower than his 36-goal rookie campaign.
If anything, Laine's set to rebound (perhaps off some rebounds? I'll see myself out).
Look, If cap relief came in pill form,Jets general manager Kevin Cheveldayoff would be in a self-induced coma at this moment. But as cash-strapped as Winnipeg might be this summer, if Laine returns to his 40-plus goal self from two seasons ago, he's bound to score a good 80 or 90, maybe even 100 during those bridge deal years.
Guess where that AAV goes? And it goes there faster than a Laine one-timer.
Laine dealt with a bad back, a bad groin and a lack of confidence last season and still scored 30. He scored 18 in one month, which no one else does. And he took real, tangible steps late in the season and into the playoffs where he looked like an imposing power forward who could play at both ends of the ice.
It's not Russian roulette, but giving Laine a bridge and thinking, 'This is fine' (you know, that meme the dog and the fire all around him) is pretty close. Laine didn't lose his skill. He didn't misplace his deadly accuracy or wicked shot.
And if the Jets ever find him a center, the goal-scoring ceiling becomes unknown.
Simply put, the risk is too high. The only thing bridging him will do is make him cost more in two year's time when they have to buy more unrestricted free agent years on top of whatever the market dictates what a 50-goal scorer should make. Hint: it's more than seven figures.
The five-year plan
Auston Matthews really created something interesting when he decided against an eight-year deal to take three fewer seasons and leaving some money on the table.
Superstars taking less term and lightly less money while having the world at their feet vying for their services in five years could turn into somewhat of the norm. If Laine doesn't hit his prime until his mid-20s, a deal of this length would allow him to really maximize his earning potential while shooting him into unrestricted free agency at the end of it.
And that has to have Laine thinking, 'Why not try that?' He's 21, about to get stinkin' rich now, then again at 26 and perhaps one more time in his early 30s? The stinkin' rich hat trick, as it were.
For the Jets, it might be a happy medium. It's not ideal for Cheveldayoff. The full eight years is like where he wants to be. But if Laine's back problems are a legitimate concern within the organization (nothing has suggested this), or if they legitimately feel Laine played beyond his abilities a year ago and regressed to his normal self this year, then perhaps it makes sense.
The Jets save money on AAV as they don't have to purchase those UFA years and they retain the services of a guy who could lead them to a Stanley Cup. The downside is they could lose him three years earlier.
The deal doesn't have to be five years, necessarily. The Matthews deal could be a one-off, a shrewd move by that player's agent. Or it could become the new standard for stud franchise players looking to extract everything they can from the pockets of their owners.
Whatever it is, this middle option seems to keep both sides of the balance scale somewhat even.
The Jets get some degree of extended term and the player receives a nice cache of greenbacks direct-deposited into their bank about every couple of weeks.
The maximum
The full monty.
Eight years. The maximum term Laine can be offered and only Winnipeg can offer it. The AVV will be higher but the player will be in their possession for longer, well into his prime years. The Jets, of course, would have to pay for those UFA years and they assume some risk as stated above, more on the side of Laine most recent season being the norm and not the exception.
Still, this is the best deal for Winnipeg in the long run. Assuming he's healthy and he develops measures to manage his confidence from dipping too far, the deal could look like a steal halfway through its life.
And at the end of the day, it's a risk worth taking for a player that all the right stars had to align just to be able to draft him. Laine's addition sped up Winnipeg's re-tooling efforts. They found a power play maestro and a player that could use his large frame one day to become a dominant power forward.
Yes, this deal likely hits the cap for the most. While Evolving Wild's model has him in the seven-year, $49 million range, I believe this is too low. If the Jets can lock up Laine at anything under $10 million on an eight-year pact, they're dancing. And they're still in good shape if not.
And while one can argue that Laine isn't the best player on the team, nor the second or third best, he's one of the best pure goal scorers in the NHL. In my mind, it can't be stressed enough. And I don't think it's something slipping the mind of Laine's agent at the moment either.
Cheveldayoff has his most important and challenging offseason to date. Laine's contract aside, he still has to sign Kyle Connor to a deal that's going to be up there in terms of AAV, as well. And then he has to find the right pieces to still keep the team highly competitive after the loss of Jacob Trouba and likely some other pieces, including Tyler Myers and Brandon Tanev (the latter two, I believe, are easily replaceable).
But the first order of business should be not betting against Laine. The odds (and the statistical information that backs them) are just too compelling to not throw down big money on the table.
Scott Billeck is a writer for Pro Hockey Talk on NBC Sports. Drop him a line at phtblog@nbcsports.com or follow him on Twitter @scottbilleck.
Tags: 2019 NHL free agency, Patrik Laine, Winnipeg Jets, Alex Ovechkin, Auston Matthews, Brandon Tanev, Jacob Trouba, Kyle Connor, Mitch Marner, Nikita Kucherov, Patrik Laine, Tyler Myers
Central Division arms race only intensifying July 14, 2019 3:08 pm EDT Binnington, Trouba rank as most interesting salary arbitration cases July 9, 2019 3:22 pm EDT How will Winnipeg Jets fill out their roster? July 5, 2019 11:11 am EDT Central Recasting: Division rivals ready to challenge Blues July 2, 2019 6:00 pm EDT Examining different contract routes for Jets, Patrik Laine June 27, 2019 11:21 am EDT Blackhawks' defense suddenly looks respectable June 25, 2019 5:36 pm EDT Dates of note from the 2019-20 NHL schedule June 25, 2019 12:15 pm EDT Pressure ratchets up on already cap-strapped teams June 23, 2019 11:23 am EDT The last two Stanley Cup champions kick off 2019-20 NHL season June 21, 2019 3:18 pm EDT Which players might be on the move this week? June 19, 2019 11:27 am EDT Follow the money: Salary cap could spawn NHL trade frenzy June 19, 2019 10:16 am EDT Trouba trade highlights Rangers' brilliant rebuild June 18, 2019 6:32 pm EDT Jets were never going to get enough for Trouba June 18, 2019 9:04 am EDT Trade: Rangers land Trouba, Jets get Pionk and first-rounder June 17, 2019 8:13 pm EDT Teams looking for defense should seek trades, not free agents June 17, 2019 6:28 pm EDT Free agent market for defensemen looks thin without Karlsson June 17, 2019 2:44 pm EDT PHT Power Rankings: Next team to win its first Stanley Cup June 17, 2019 12:05 pm EDT Buyout Frenzy: Five candidates to have contracts nixed from the books June 15, 2019 11:35 am EDT Flyers on Hayes talks, NHL Draft approach June 11, 2019 2:08 pm EDT Flyers trade pick to Jets for Kevin Hayes' rights June 3, 2019 9:08 pm EDT Why rebuilding teams should trade for players like Marleau June 2, 2019 10:00 am EDT Blues' Schwartz is red-hot in playoffs, and easy to root for May 1, 2019 5:30 pm EDT Tarasenko takes over, Blues snag Game 1 vs. Stars April 26, 2019 12:27 am EDT Jets' season, lost in April, began spiraling downward months earlier April 22, 2019 11:45 am EDT The Playoff Buzzer: Blues eliminate Jets; Capitals, Stars take leads April 21, 2019 12:34 am EDT Blues advance, Jets dumped from playoffs with a thud April 20, 2019 9:55 pm EDT WATCH LIVE: Jets face elimination; Capitals, Preds look to go up at home April 20, 2019 2:00 pm EDT The Wraparound: Hurricanes keep believing as they eye series lead vs. Caps April 20, 2019 9:30 am EDT The Playoff Buzzer: Blues rally back against Jets; Sharks extend series vs. Golden Knights April 19, 2019 1:08 am EDT Schwartz stuns Jets, completing Blues' comeback in dying seconds April 18, 2019 11:31 pm EDT WATCH LIVE: Hurricanes try to even up; Golden Knights look to advance April 18, 2019 6:00 pm EDT The Wraparound: Sharks sticking with Jones as they face elimination April 18, 2019 9:45 am EDT Jets hoping home ice is finally an advantage in Game 5 vs. Blues April 18, 2019 9:30 am EDT The Playoff Buzzer: Pacioretty continues Vegas dominance; Connor on point again for Jets April 17, 2019 1:38 am EDT Connor provides OT magic as Jets even series vs. Blues April 17, 2019 12:54 am EDT WATCH LIVE: Blue Jackets, Islanders go for the sweep April 16, 2019 6:50 pm EDT The Wraparound: Lightning, Penguins looking to avoid sweeps April 16, 2019 9:30 am EDT The Playoff Buzzer: Stone, Stastny combine for perfect 10; Connor helps inspire Jets rout April 15, 2019 1:24 am EDT Jets claw back in series vs. Blues with big Game 3 win April 14, 2019 10:17 pm EDT WATCH LIVE: Isles, Blue Jackets, Blues eye 3-0 series leads April 14, 2019 11:55 am EDT


text:
2016 Homicides
Bryant C. Bogle - 12/19/2016 - 3100 block of Carolina Avenue
Lakim L. Booker - 12/18/2016 - 1500 block of Bowen Street
Jahmeique L. Phillips - 12/11/2016 - 1800 block of Q Street
Javar Mayo - 12/1/2016 - 100 block of East 33rd Street
Tychelle Johnson - 12/1/2016 - 1500 block of Jennie Scher Road
Alton L. Neal - 11/27/2016 - 2000 block of Fairfield Avenue
George M. Carrington - 11/25/2016 - 600 block of Milton Street
Tyrell L. Johnson - 11/9/2016 - 300 block of W. Marshall Street
William D. Norwood - 11/6/2016 - 2700 block of Hull Street
Naquan R. Bentley - 10/22/2016 - 3300 block of Lawson Street
Tevon F. Dickerson - 10/19/2016 - 5100 block of Forest Hill Avenue
Ronald A. Holder - 10/14/2016 - 3903 Walmsley Blvd.
Marc E. Johnson - 10/12/2016 - 5300 block of Blue Ridge Avenue
Carmella D. Winston - 10/10/2016 - 00 hundred block of East Hill Street
Shantisha L. Dortch - 10/2/2016 - 1600 block of Glenfield Avenue
Anthony D. Mack - 9/24/2016 - 1000 block of St. Paul Street
Jarod Buford - 9/23/2016 - 4000 block of Midlothian Turnpike
James "Jimmy" T. Bishop - 9/19/2016 - 3800 block of Jefferson Davis Highway
James D. Williams - 9/16/2016 - 1100 block of St. Paul Street
Rodney Smith - 9/2/2016 - 1000 block of Ridgecliff Drive
Travis Carrington - 9/2/2016 - 1000 block of Ridgecliff Drive
Antonio M. Grier - 8/28/2016 - 4800 block of Orcutt Lane
Joseph C. Johnson - 8/26/2016 - 2300 block of Bethel Street
Habeeb A. Hafeed - 8/24/2016 - 1800 block of North 30th Street
Brian M. King - 8/23/2016 - 5000 block of Snead Road
Desmond L. Holmes - 8/21/2016 - 3900 block of Chamberlayne Avenue
Benjamin T. Goode - 8/16/16 - 1800 block of Creighton Road
Michael A. Minor - 7/30/16 - 2825 Nine Mile Road
Erik R. McCorkle - 7/24/16 - 1300 block of West Broad Street
Albert C. Trower - 7/10/16 - 100 block of Playn Street
Lakeith D. Hurd - 7/1/16 - Laurelbrook Drive
Michael E. McCray - 7/1/16 - 000 block Jefferson Davis Highway
James M. Williams - 6/24/16 - 2200 block of Ford Avenue
Ronald C. McWilliams Jr. - 6/18/16 - 1000 block of East 15th Street
Juan Carlos Ramirez-Hernandez - 6/13/16 - 1700 block of Clarkson Road
Paige E. Johnson - 6/4/16 - 6500 block of Midlothian Turnpike
Hasheen E. Slaughter - 5/15/16 - 400 block of Westover Hills Boulevard
Travis Antoine Horton - 5/10/16 - 701 Jefferson Davis Highway
Rashawn A. Brathwaite - 5/9/16 - 4000 block Midlothian Turnpike
Wayne M. Smith, Jr. - 4/30/16 - 6346 Midlothian Turnpike
Herbert L. Brown, Jr. - 4/10/16 - 200 block of N. 8th St.
Brian E. Szabo - 4/2/16 - 100 block of Westmoreland Street
Chantel Norville - 3/28/16 - 3900 block of Larchmont Lane
Eric A. Banks - 3/24/16 - 1900 block of Raven Street
Kemberly A. M. Williams - 3/24/16 - 1800 block of North 29th Street
Clemente Jimenez Lopez - 3/6/16 - 1400 block of Armfield Road
Thomas Jones - 3/2/16 - 1300 block of North 29th Street
Nathaniel A. Bullock - 2/22/16 - 3000 block of Chamberlayne Avenue
Marquetta Y. Harris - 2/20/16 - 2900 block of Chamberlayne Avenue
Cory J. Holmes - 2/20/16 - 2900 block of Chamberlayne Avenue
Latrice Walden - 2/15/16 - 5800 block of Orcutt Lane
Veka "Shawn" Chham - 2/8/16 - 5700 block of Thorndale Lane
Velda L. Garner - 2/3/16 - 2400 block of Burton Street
Ericelle C. Coleman - 2/2/16 - 3100 block of Richmond-Henrico Turnpike
Jerquell Cheatham - 1/18/16 - 6300 block of Midlothian Turnpike
Mark Jackson-Silver- 1/7/16 - 6500 block of Midlothian Turnpike
Djan R. Robinson- 1/6/16 - 1000 block of Highland View Avenue
Quincey C. Broadnax - 1/3/16 - 3800 Block of Midlothian Turnpike
Tyrese Minor - 1/1/16 - 2200 block of Williamsburg Road
** BOLD indicates case has been cleared **
2019 Homicides 2018 Homicides 2017 Homicides 2016 Homicides 2015 Homicides 2014 Homicides
2013 Homicides 2012 Homicides 2011 Homicides 2010 Homicides 2008 Homicides
Older Unsolved Homicides
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When is your garden soil ready for planting? Here are some tips from The Old Farmer's Almanac.
Old farmers had an even easier guideline: When the weeds start to grow in your garden, it's time to plant your hardy vegetables.
See our Best Dates for Planting Seeds chart and check the approximate safe planting days for your area.
As soon as the soil is ready for planting, stir it well and let it sit for several days. Then top-dress it with compost or well-rotted manure and get to work.
Need to improve your soil? See tips on soil fixes and amendments.
Do you use manure? Find out when to spread what. Click here for our Manure Guide.
For years, I have purchased the annual edition of the Gardening Almanac. Since the close of my local Borders store last year, I can't find it anywhere! Is it out of publication? Please advise.
How about using the soil for indoor pots to begin plants?
Can amyone recommend how much triple 13 fertilizer to use in a garden spot that has sandy/clay soil? A garden approximately 50' x 25'.
I am trying to find your guide as to when is the best planting dates for my plants in the central Texas area.
It has dates for all regions in TX.
Hi Nan, Have you checked out our "Starting Your Garden" page? http://www.almanac.com/topics/... Here you will find frost dates, growing guides for vegetables and herbs (including when to start seeds, when to water, and when to fertilize), hardiness zone information and tips for transplanting.


This study explored the perceptions of staff regarding the existence of a professional learning community in the school. A quantitative research design was employed to determine the views of staff members regarding the collaborative culture in the primary school. The study used Hord's model to determine how the five major attributes of a professional learning community were realised in the school (1) shared leadership; (2) a shared vision and values; (3) individual and shared learning; (4) shared practice; and (5) supportive conditions. The findings revealed that the five mentioned attributes of Hord's model were evident in the school, which confirmed the existence of a professional learning community in the school. The significant contribution of this study lies the verification and validation of Hord's model.
Citation: Steyn GM 2014. Exploring the status of a professional learning community in a South African primary school, Pensée Multidisciplinary Journal, 76(5):256-269.


Preparing Your Car to Sell to Auto Recyclers.
Even if your car has gone through an accident it is not a course to despair because you can still get cash for it. However this is not true because they are auto recyclers who can buy the parts or even the entire car. By sell to auto recyclers you can even raise a significant amount to use in financing your next ride instead of keeping the damaged car which you are not going to use in the future. Nevertheless preparing your car well for the sale is going to ensure that you get a significant amount from the transaction. Make sure that you do not have personal belongings in the car. When you are using your car you're more likely to keep personal items there which increase in number over time. It is very tempting to let the things you are not going to require any more seat in the car but you should not take the junk yard to be your dumpster. Do not just assume that everything you have been living in the car is not going to be important to u and cleaning it up can make you come across very important items. You cannot sell the car if you do not have the ownership documents with you. To have a smooth time you should take account of their ownership documents. It is not strange to come across auto recyclers who do not give regard to whether you can prove that you own the car or not and this can put you in a bad position later which is why you should not do business with such people. If you do not transfer ownership of the vehicle to the yard you stand to incur any liabilities they car accumulates.
In the event that you cannot agree on the amounts to sell it and look for the valuable pieces you can dispose off and get a considerable amount. The GPS and the stereo systems are some of the valuable tools you can remove in case u know how to hard reset. The tires and the car battery should also be given a consideration. Ensure that you remove the license plate because will have to return it to the motor vehicle department to cancel the registration. Selling your car through an auto recycler is one of the best things you can do because it is always a quick transaction. Actually, many of them will offer to come pick the car from your house and this will mean there is nothing you pay for. Car accidents are not the best thing and if you can find someone to help you ease the financial burden that comes with this, it will be great.


text:
In Memory of Police Officer Trey Copeland
On Tuesday, August 31, 2021, officials in Louisiana's Webster Parish briefed local news and residents of the loss of an officer. Police Officer Trey Copeland, age 47, died from medical causes while on duty. Officer Copeland had served his community as a law enforcement officer for more than 15 years.
Another officer with the Webster Parish Sheriff's Office attempted a routine traffic stop on a motorcyclist. The subject on the bike tried to flee the scene. A police chase ensued. The chase lasted for about 20 minutes when other officers, including Police Officer Trey Copeland, attempted to catch the speeding motorcycle.
The subject eventually crashed his bike while traveling unsafely and at high speeds. The man was caught and taken into custody on Marathon Road, near the XTO Energy Plant. At the scene of the accident and arrest, Officer collapsed. Officers assisting with the arrest attempted life-saving measures.
Officer Copeland was transported to a nearby medical facility, where he was officially pronounced. The motorcyclist was charged with aggravated flight and for violating several traffic laws.
Being a police officer is a dangerous, high-stress career. Many officers, like Copeland, fall from stress-induced heart attacks. Many of these heart attacks are because of the sudden adrenaline rush and, in this case – the chase was for over twenty minutes, making it a very prolonged charge of adrenaline. As the officers begin to calm, this can be dangerous and lead to heart attacks or heart failure.
Officer Trey Copeland served his country and was a US Navy veteran. For the last fifteen years, he served as a law enforcement officer in corrections with the Webster Parish Sheriff's Office. For the past year, Officer Copeland worked as a part-time officer with the Cotton Valley Police Department.
Cotton Valley Police Department
The loss of Officer Trey Copeland for the Cotton Valley Police Department has been more than devastating. The agency was a small, two-officer police department. The city of Cotton Valley also depends on backup from the Webster Parish Sheriff's Office. In addition, the officers with the CVPD serve a small community with approximately 1200 residents—officers with the Cotton Valley Police Department patrol an area of 2.65 miles.
Police Officer Trey Copeland leaves behind his wife, two children, and grandchildren. The residents of Webster Parish, along with law enforcement from all around the area, will come together to show gratitude and honor the loss of Officer Copeland. The support from the community will help the Copeland family during their time of grief.
Chief of Police Michael Dickey has started a fundraiser for the Copeland family to pay for funeral expenses. He posted the announcement on Facebook. "Trey Copeland, a Webster Parish Sheriff's Deputy, worked Part-Time For The Cotton Valley Police Department – Died Tuesday while on duty. Copeland, who was working in the capacity of a Cotton Valley Police Officer at the time, Officer Copeland served his community proudly. His death was very unexpected, and he will be missed tremendously."
Reserve Deputy Brian Jacobsen of the Mahaska County Iowa Sheriff's Office shared condolences with the Copeland family online. "Police Officer Trey Copeland, thank you for your service to America and the citizens of Cotton Valley. May God watch over you, your family, and all people that put on a badge and protect and serve. God's Speed, sir!"
Cotton Valley Police Department Law Enforcement Navy Veteran Police Officer Webster Parish Sheriff's Office


The perfect black shirt for you! Bamboo is used as the raw material for the viscose, which ensures a particularly pleasant wearing comfort. The whole material composition consists of 70% viscose, 30% cotton and was produced under the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS). On the left breast is a white circle in which our sitting "Nebelkind", as well as the NK, was cut out and there the fabric of the T-shirt can be seen. The classic cut T-shirt is simple and therefore easy to combine with anything.


By providing a variety of services that address a spectrum of disabilities, the ACCESS department works to ensure equal access and opportunity throughout the college experience.
Note takers, assistive technologies, interpreters and more are at our disposal. See all the ways ACCESS helps students succeed.
This handbook contains everything you need to know to make the most of your experience at the College, including extensive information on disability services, accommodations and more.
This document establishes guidelines and policies for the College's response to an emergency. These procedures — which includes extensive consideration for persons with disabilities — is critical to safeguarding lives and property.
Need to get in touch with ACCESS disability services? Find out when and where.
Learn more about our hours and locations.


High floor post xmas rally seeking for a return to the mean in one of the worst banks.
No descripcion needed. Zona de cortos = Short Selling zone.
Need a breakout and more volume, but the last hammer is a good sign to seek a reversal and a new mid-term bullish cycle.
Still need a description, eh? Nope. "Since 1992, there's a club which is making history, 7 years later, in 1999, it's still kicking, Pont Aeri."


Founded as a partnership in 2015, CL Simplex aims to help organizations grow through improving their operations with simple, proven IT services and IT management. We strive to work with organizations to create tools and processes that are usable, flexible, and powerful.
What's in a name? Our name means several things and reflects our philosophies. A simplex is the basic mathematical concept for a triangle in any given dimension. 2-simplex is a triangle and 3-simplex is a pyramid. Higher numbered simplexes are more complex shapes. With respect to our business philosophy, we like to start with something very simple, and build upon it.
You may not know that the simplex algorithm is one of the most important inventions of the century (on this list simplex is 27th). The simplex algorithm solves Linear Programming problems. In other words - given constraints, finding the maximum (or minimum) value for a given objective. Creating a schedule for staff in a restaurant in an example of a Linear Programming problem. We operate in a pretty similar fashion. Maximizing return on investment given the constraints of business and organizations and the challenges they face. That's CL Simplex - We start simple and grow with your organization as a strategic IT partner to maximize your revenue.


Welcome to this cosy holiday home on Öland! It is set south of Färjestaden, only two kilometres from Eriksöra, where you will find several beautiful beaches.
The cottage is set on a large garden plot of 1900 square metres. It has a small kitchen equipped with an electric cooker, a fridge-freezer, and a coffee maker. The spacious living room has a TV, a sofa, and a dining table. There are three bedrooms, one with two single beds, and two with one single bed in each. The bathroom has a WC, washbasin, a shower, and a washing machine. Outside, there are two lovely terraces, one with a roof and one without.
The beach by Eriksöra is only two kilometres away and there's a child-friendly beach by Kalmarsund, with a bathing dock and steps. Öland offers an array of sights and activities. The castle of Borgholm is well worth a visit. Families with young children will enjoy Öland's Zoo with it's animals and it's water park.


We have just returned from a glorious 10 day trip north visiting family. We flew Queenstown to Auckland and reverse and had a chance to relish the warmth of the sun as well as enjoying the company of all of our family from Auckland, Clarkes Beach, Te Puru, Tauranga and Cambridge. Thanks to all of you who put us up and put up with us. Special thanks to Tony and Claire for the use of "Bumble", the cramper van. He proved very reliable and certainly enabled us to get about. Our last day's travel started with a walk to the train station from Craig's, the train trip to Britomart, a bus trip to the airport, a flight Auckland to Queenstown where Rob picked us up and then finally a 2 hour car trip home.
Today it's raining in Invercargill - are you surprised, ...and I was given half an hour warning on return to work that I was required to speak to Mr Tony Ryall (Minister of Health) on the Pre-admision project that I have been running here in Kew Hospital. No pressure!


text:
Caffe — среда для глубинного обучения, разработанная Яньцинем Цзя (Yangqing Jia) в процессе подготовки своей диссертации в университете Беркли. Caffe является открытым программным обеспечением, распространяемым под лицензией BSD license. Написано на языке C++, и поддерживает интерфейс на языке Python.

Название Caffe произошло от сокращения «Convolution Architecture For Feature Extraction» (Свёрточная архитектура для извлечения признаков).

История
Яньцинь Цзя в университете Беркли создал среду Caffe для поддержки глубинного обучения. Ключевым вопросом диссертации было обеспечение эффективной параллельной обработки многомерных матричных операций, для чего было принято решение создать фреймворк на основе математической библиотеки MATLAB и мультипроцессорной архитектуры CUDA. Первоначальная разработка заняла только два месяца. К проекту присоединились множество разработчиков и теперь его хостинг осуществляется через веб-сервис GitHub.

В апреле 2017 Facebook объявил о создании Caffe2, который включает в себя новые возможности, в частности рекуррентные нейронные сети.

В мае 2018 команды Caffe2 и PyTorch объединились. С тех пор код Caffe2 перенесён в репозиторий PyTorch и является частью последнего.

Характеристики
Caffe поддерживает много типов машинного обучения, нацеленных в первую очередь на решение задач классификации и сегментации изображений. Caffe обеспечивает свёрточные нейронные сети, RCNN, долгую краткосрочную память и полносвязные нейронные сети. При этом для ускорения обучения применяется система графических процессоров (GPU), поддерживаемая архитектурой CUDA и иcпользующих библиотеку CuDNN от фирмы Nvidia.

Caffe позволяет использовать готовые промышленные конфигурации нейронных сетей, прошедшие апробацию. В комплект входит, в частности , победившая в 2012 году в соревновании по распознаванию изображений ImageNet, и , победившая в соревнованиях ImageNet 2014 года

Caffe манипулирует блобами — многомерными массивами данных, которые используются в параллельных вычислениях и помещаются в CPU или GPU. Обучение в cвёрточной нейронной сети реализуется как параллельные многопроцессорные вычисления блобов от слоя к слою (прямым и обратным ходом). Solver (решатель) координирует весь процесс обучения — прямой ход от исходных к выходным данным, получение функции ошибок, обратный ход (Метод обратного распространения ошибки) назад от выходного слоя с использованием градиентов ошибок. При этом
Caffe реализует различные стратегии обучения для Solverа.

В качестве входа используются данные из памяти, из базы данных или со внешних носителей информации. В качестве скрытых слоёв используются традиционные для свёрточной сети свёрточные слои, слои ReLU, пулинг, полносвязные слои, а также слои разворачивания (деконволюции) для сетей RNN. Обеспечены также многие другие типы слоёв, фильтров, преобразований данных и функций ошибок.

Приложения
Caffe применяется в академических исследованиях, прототипов для стартапов, а также и для промышленного применения — распознавания изображений, речи или мультимедиа. Yahoo! также интегрировала Caffe со средой Apache Spark, создав распределённый фрэймворк CaffeOnSpark.

См. также
 Сравнение программ глубинного обучения

Примечания

Ссылки
  (GitHub)
 Введение в Caffe

Применение искусственного интеллекта
Искусственные нейронные сети
Анализ данных
Цифровая обработка изображений
Машинное обучение
Прикладное машинное обучение
Программное обеспечение с лицензией BSD
Глубокое обучение


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