text:
: Book bans: Florida removes some math texts citing CRT; New York Public Library offers banned titles free to all
The New York Public Library wants to put select banned books in every American's hands — and for free.
It's about availability, says the head of the NYPL, as the strain around allegations of censorship and banned books has heightened in step with a fraught political climate.
In fact, as of Monday, the Florida education department has rejected 54 mathematics textbooks for its K-12 curriculum. The state, where book banning has accelerated in recent months, cited reasons spanning the inclusion of critical race theory to Common Core learning concepts. The rejected books make up a record 41% of the 132 books submitted for review, the Florida Department of Education said in a statement.
Other institutions are trying to push the treatment of books in a different direction. With a new program announced earlier this month, anyone — not just New York Public Library cardholders — can browse, borrow and read a selection of challenged (and often banned) books through a complimentary download. The program, dubbed Books for All, runs through the end of May.
The campaign features a short list of titles that have received extra attention — some for decades, and others in recent months — as those championing the parental right to select the books their children and others have access to at school and in public arenas have sounded off against those who remember the much higher stakes that book banning has historically stood for. The difference perhaps right now is that some states are putting these complaints into law.
These titles feature in the New York Public Library's Books for All app, open to anyone.
"The library's role is to make sure no perspective, no idea, no identity is erased," Tony Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said in a post Wednesday.
"People have the right to read or not read what they want, but those books need to be available — for the teen who has questions and wants to privately find answers; for the adult who is curious about subjects for which they have no personal experience; for those who want to do their own research and make informed decisions based on fact," he wrote.
While there are hundreds of thousands of titles in the app available to New Yorkers with a local library card, select books will be available through the Books for All Collection, with or without a library card, and with the added bonus of unlimited downloads. That includes no waits and no fines.
Any reader can download these selections for free on any Apple
AAPL,
iOS or Android
GOOGL,
device with an app called SimplyE.
The first round of offerings include:
"Speak" by Laurie Halse Anderson (Square Fish / Macmillan Publishers)
"King and the Dragonflies" by Kacen Callender (Scholastic)
"Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You" by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi (Little, Brown Books for Young Readers / Hachette Book Group)
"Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger (Little, Brown and Company / Hachette Book Group, with special thanks to Matt Salinger)
Deborah Caldwell-Stone, director of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom, said data collection shows the number of "challenged" books in 2021 jumped from recent years.
"A year ago, we might have been receiving one, maybe two reports a day about a book being challenged at a library. And usually those calls would be for guidance on how to handle a challenge or for materials that support the value of the work being challenged," Caldwell-Stone told The Associated Press. "Now, we're getting three, four, five reports a day, many in need of support and some in need of a great deal of support."
"'Libraries have been beacons of this kind of independent curiosity and learning, and it is unacceptable that they be censored in any way.'"
— New York Public Library president Tony Marx
The NYPL, in fact, has its own age guidance in place with its Books for All program. Per the policy on materials accessible to SimplyE users under the age of 13, only "King and the Dragonflies" is available to those with children's accounts.
Regulating school curricula and titles on offer for pleasure reading is the latest controversial topic up for national debate, joining the tension around COVID-19 mask and vaccine mandates, a large gap in the understanding of Critical Race Theory and an imperfect reckoning with U.S. institutional racism.
But the rights of parents to decide what their children are exposed to, and whether that control limits access for others, is also at issue. States and local governments do have greater control than some may realize, including in Republican presidential hopeful Ron DeSantis's Florida, where instruction on sexual orientation and gender identity for younger children has been made illegal and has caused its own swirl of backlash.
"On the right side of the political spectrum, where much of the book banning is happening, bans are taking the form of school boards' removing books from class curricula," writes Erica Goldberg, associate professor of law and a First Amendment scholar with the University of Dayton, in a column for The Conversation.
Politicians have also proposed legislation banning books that are what some legislators and parents consider too mature for school-age readers, such as "All Boys Aren't Blue," which explores queer themes and topics of consent. Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison's classic "The Bluest Eye," which includes themes of rape and incest, is also a frequent target.
"'Decisions made in public schools are analyzed by the courts differently than censorship in nongovernment contexts.' "
— Law professor Erica Goldberg
Most books targeted for banning in 2021, says the American Library Association, "were by or about Black or LGBTQIA+ persons."
State legislators have also targeted books that they believe make students feel guilt or anguish based on their race or imply that students of any race or gender are inherently bigoted, Goldberg said in her commentary.
There are also some attempts on the political left to engage in book banning, as well as the removal from school curricula of books that marginalize minorities or use racially insensitive language, like the popular "To Kill a Mockingbird."
For Goldberg, "it's hard to definitively say whether the current incidents of book banning in schools are constitutional or not. The reason: Decisions made in public schools are analyzed by the courts differently than censorship in nongovernment contexts."
Censorship, she says, is a colloquial term, not a legal term.
For NYPL's Marx, the role of his institution and any library across the U.S. is to make books available to as many readers as possible. From there, the curious and their families can launch the discussions or further the exploration that will provide the necessary context of new, and sometimes challenging, ideas.
"Since the founding of our great nation, libraries have been beacons of this kind of independent curiosity and learning, and it is unacceptable that they be censored in any way," Marx said.
The Associated Press contributed.
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text:
Elizabeth McKenzie: "Savage Breast"
Click here to read the story in its entirety on The New Yorker webpage. Elizabeth McKenzie's "Savage Breast" was originally published in the December 15, 2014 issue of The New Yorker.
Click for a larger image.
In "Savage Breast" a woman leaves work, takes a nap, and "wakes up" in her childhood home, a place she has often yearned to return to. The details of the house are very familiar, and the woman appears to be a child again. The difference is that her parents and sister appear to have been replaced by "beasts." When the figure that is her mother appears, the woman/child is not afraid, however, but merely observant.
The beast stood on two legs and was about the same size as my mother, but it was covered in a mat of brindled fur that was as thick as the coat on a sheepdog and obscured the contours of its body.
The story proceeds in a dreamlike fashion. The child/woman does not question the reality of the dream, but welcomes it and participates. The mother beast is "gentle and warm." The dream is a wish fulfillment. The warmth of the beast household does not appear to be typical of the woman's family of origin.
And so I settled in, enjoying the chance to investigate all the old drawers and cabinets in my house, to examine the simple artifacts of that life with wonder, and to accept the genuine warmth of the beasts and their embrace of me, which was something I'd always felt was fragile in my own family.
Not only is the beast family warm and gentle, they do not talk, something that the child/woman finds very comforting. Later in the story, the child/woman explains that as a child, she had "lacked [. . .] pragmatic language skills." She explains further: "It meant that, even though I seemed smart, I didn't know how to talk to people in day-to-day life."
Much of this story is expressed in a kind of wooden language that I found either not interesting or actually confusing, as if the story had been written in a hurry. The story's short first paragraph, for instance, has only three sentences, but it has ten instances of the pronoun "I." This lead-in was off-putting. Were all these "I's" careless? Or purposeful?
When the narrator says she "enjoy[s] the chance to investigate old drawers," I sigh at the task ahead.
Having not read anything else by McKenzie, I wondered whether she had affected this style in order to approximate the dream-like experience, or whether by it she was trying to express something about the child/woman. The bit about the child-woman lacking "pragmatic language skills" is perhaps an explanation. Pragmatics is a short hand that educators use to explain the gap that children on the autism-Asperger's spectrum have: they have no language routines for everyday life and need to be explicitly taught to say things like "Hello, how are you?"
I don't know that the phrase "pragmatic language skills" has ever been used in any other context, and appearing as it does here it seems an offhand means of explaining that perhaps the woman has a touch, or more than a touch, of Asperger's syndrome. In fact, however, it is confusing. I can accept that many people and many families have difficulty expressing themselves, for any of a variety of reasons. I don't need a clinical diagnosis. The story goes clunk with it, and I am distracted by a tangent in which I remember how brilliantly Mark Haddon explored the world of the autistic child in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time.
Another element of the story that I found awkward is the way the "savage breast" of the title appears. The child/woman finds a book she remembers. She says it brought back a "long-forgotten incident."
There follows a re-telling of something that had really happened to her at school, when the woman, as a child, had laughed out loud during silent reading. She had encountered the phrase "savage breast" in the conversation of another bookish child. In the real-life incident, she is sent to the principal for the laughter, and not for the first time, either (something that would be familiar to other children with Asperger's). The narrator comments on the "hatred" that the teacher felt for her and the way she herself took pleasure in tormenting the teacher. But nothing in the incident actually conveys" hatred," and once again the reader is stopped by the language.
I want to pause here and say that readers often encounter things that are not clear. Writers often deliberately lead the reader astray, and they often make the reader figure things out. Roberto Bolaño's 2666, which I have been reading along with this blog's read-along, has an artistic purpose in its confusions and omissions.
I suspect this story to be confusing because it has not been thought out. For one thing, I realize right away that the English book (series) McKenzie is talking about is Swallows and Amazons. Why so coy? I am distracted by the work-around for the book title. I begin thinking about how I loved the Swallows and Amazons as a kid, and about the fact that when I was in England recently I found a complete vintage set of Swallows and Amazons in a bookshop in Lewes.
I am distracted by thinking about the recent controversy about the author. In his review of a biography of Ransome (here), Roger Lewis says:
As a political innocent or ignoramus, however, Arthur Ransome is hard to beat. Between 1913 and 1924 he lived in Russia and the Baltic States and though he "retained close contact with the Kremlin," according to his biographer Roland Chambers, he signally failed to notice the reality of what was afoot. The Bolshevik Revolution was no more than "a great joke for him."
I wonder if this is the reason that the name of the series has not been mentioned. But if you can't mention the book series or the author, the richness of the anecdote is diluted. It is as if someone thought Americans would either not know anything about Swallows and Amazons or know too much.
Suddenly, as is common in dreams, the beast family is in danger. They abruptly flee the house and end up in a truck with many other beasts. Their terrible situation reminds me of the holocaust or of refugees that I read about who are trying to get to Europe, or the refugees fleeing Syria.
I am distracted by those thoughts.
Suddenly, however, there is an inexplicable and unpleasant sex scene. I concur that sex happens everywhere. The fact that the child/woman is the aggressor in this scene is interesting, but it is a bridge too far. In this context, it is as if the author is trying to condense maturation into a few signal episodes. That is interesting, and yet, I am not interested. It's just too much.
Then, the beasts inexplicably start digging holes, and like A-bomb survivors, they are disoriented, and start losing their fur. The mother beast dies. All very dream-like.
The child/woman appears to be aware in her dream (or perhaps it is only the narrator who is aware) that she had not been present when her mother died. This time, she stays by the dying (mother) beast.
I see that there is world to the dream, a general focus to the story, but I have to admit that reading it was a chore. The language was not engaging, the story had way too much going on, and while it was dream-like, it was not, for me, the dream of art or craft. The idea that a short story could encapsulate the essence of an entire childhood is itself a wish fulfillment. The use of dream to do so feels naïve rather than sophisticated.
Then — perhaps to explain my general high horse attitude — when I reached the end, I was offended, twice.
Having stayed with the dying beast-mother, the narrator exclaims that she realized she "had a conscience." Do I need to be told what the significance of the story is? If so, I quibble. It's not so much that she has a conscience, but that she has a heart. But I'd rather not be told so baldly what to think.
Then I am offended again. In order to underline the importance of her realization that she "had a conscience," she exclaims, "Dear history, dear life."
Thus, a nod to "the sublime Alice." Dear Life is the title of Alice Munro's magnificent last book. Dear Life is magnificent in so many ways that it would take a book to do one's admiration justice. Admiration for Alice Munro is familiar to me, as is the question of what is the appropriate use or expression of that admiration. This appropriation by McKenzie feels inappropriately familiar, as if, for instance, when being presented to the Queen, you threw your arms around her.
The effect on the reader of this nod to Munro is, like most of the rest of the story, not thought out. Munro used "Dear Life" as the title of her last book, a direct philosophical remark that was earned by the 150 or so stories and the 15 or so books that preceded this title.
I don't think "Savage Breast" earned the right to cozy up to fame with its overly familiar shout-out to Munro.
Obviously, this story was not my cup of tea. I hope that someone else who sees its merits will offer me a good argument for "Savage Breast" and put me in my place.
By Betsy Pelz|2015-02-03T00:46:49-04:00December 8th, 2014|Categories: Elizabeth McKenzie, New Yorker Fiction|Tags: Short Story|29 Comments
Clare Sestanovich: "Different People"
Yiyun Li: "Wednesday's Child"
Han Ong: "Hammer Attack"
Aysegul Savas: "Notions of the Sacred"
Matthew Klam: "The Other Party"
Salman Rushdie: "A Sackful of Seeds"
Majnun Ben-David December 8, 2014 at 6:12 pm
As usual, my full review is on my website, but in brief …
I think this is a wonderful story. It makes use of a Kafka-style transformation, not of the narrator, but of her surroundings. A seemingly modern career woman falls asleep after work and wakes up in her childhood room. The year is 1953, it appears, and her family — and everyone else except her — has been transformed into silent but kindly and furry "beasts," an Ionesco-esque effect of sorts.
Having taken that jump, the story plays it fairly straight from there and the narrative is easy and fun to follow. The device of the narrator trying to make sense of her new/old surroundings, and what is going on with the beasts, doubles as an exploration of her childhood. The beasts give her the kind of unconditional care and comfort that she apparently lacked in her actual childhood. The street runs both ways, however, as it also becomes apparent that the narrator is not the best at communicating in words, not to put too fine a point on it. Perhaps, then, a world of loving and yet silent others is something of a fantasy for her?
This story is one of the sweetest, subtlest, and most damning indictments of an emotionally stunted upbringing I've ever read. (If I'm reading it right – this is a quick reaction.) In that sense, it covers similar ground as last week's New Yorker story ("Reverend") but in much more spectacular fashion.
Betsy December 10, 2014 at 10:28 pm
Hi, Majnun. Well! I didn't realize the McKenzie's defender was already in the house! So glad to see I don't have to wait.
Majnun Ben-David December 11, 2014 at 12:52 am
Hi Betsy, No problem. Different people can react differently to the same story, of course.
Personally, I was not distracted by worrying about the name of the book. What I read as significant was the apparent typo ("savage breast") and the chain of events it started. The particular book it came from struck me as irrelevant to the story (unless there is a theme in Swallows and Amazons that connects with this story??). The background of the long-dead author of the book, and some academic argle-bargle over his sympathies re: the Bolshevik revolution, seems about three or four steps removed from anything that is actually connected to the story.
Similarly, I wasn't much bothered by the "pragmatic language" bit, though I agree that is more tied in with the story. McKenzie explains what that means in plain terms, as you quoted. So I was content to sail ahead with the knowledge that the narrator was socially awkward when it came to words (thus she finds the silence of the beasts a blessing). I wasn't moved to try and refine some kind of clinical diagnosis, though again I'll grant that is more connected to the story than Ransome's redness.
Finally, the sex scene originally struck me as odd/confusing as well. Upon reflection, though, my take was that it shows how the narrator's reaction to the withdrawal of the unconditional love and affection of the beasts is to attempt to replace it with the affection/love of a man. Except she doesn't much know how to go about that, except sex, and it ends quite poorly, showing how the limitations of her upbringing transfer over into would-be romantic relationships. I took the narrator to still be an adult throughout, with only her surroundings having changed (I don't think there's a mention of her being physically a child again), so I wasn't icked out by the sex angle.
All in all, I found it a more original exploration of terrain quite similar to last week's New Yorker story. But of course I wouldn't try to say that your reaction was wrong — if you were distracted by something, then you were distracted.
Finally, my full review is on my website. (My website is entirely uncommercial, no ads or referral links, so I mention it here only in case people might want my full thoughts on the story rather than the abbreviated version offered here — no pressure.)
Trevor Berrett December 11, 2014 at 12:44 pm
Majnun, thanks for your hesitancy to self-promote — that said, I'm glad you referred us to your website. Feel free to continue to do this and to include links to the specific pieces you're referring to. We would love to get to know your work :-) .
Majnun Ben-David December 11, 2014 at 6:47 pm
Hi Trevor. Thanks for being so welcoming! I'll do as you suggest in future posts.
Betsy December 12, 2014 at 9:20 am
Majnuhn! Send us a link for your review!
I admired the mild tone of your argument with me very much. Mild tone is not one of my strong points and I do admire it in other people. I asked for an argument and got a good one. Thank you for your post!
But now I'll argue back …
About "savage breast".
The way it appears in McKenzie's story is this: . "Here it was, Nancy speaking: "And then we've got to be all proper in party dresses ready to soothe the savage breast when the Great Aunt comes gorgoning in." I laughed out loud. This phrase had made me shriek during free-reading at school. Surely it was a typo, surely it was supposed to say "savage beast." "
First, it is not clear that this was a missed typo on the part of Ransome. Then, there is the problem of how old the child is when this incident occurred. Swallows and Amazons is something you you around age ten. There is a confusion here between adult and child – would a child naturally think this was a typo? If this is the adult thinking, why do we need to know this?
My argument (though I'm not sure I can manage your mild tone here, Majnuhn) is that the whole "Swallows and Amazons" incident is poorly incorporated into the flow of the story. The reader is not taken down this stream effortlessly – which I think such a story requires – given that dreams lead us in their improbable paths almost effortlessly.
One other thing about "Swallows and Amazons": This series is extremely important to one of the story's purposes – to reveal the kind of longing lonely children have for happy families. It is not just coy not to mention the title directly, it is also dismissive. As adults, we learn that every family is unhappy. As children, some of us drink the Kool-ade – we thought that families like the Bobbsey Twins and Swallows and Amazons or even Little Men and Little Women actually exist! I did – I loved that whole gig. It helped me overlook a lot. I think some adults resent the romance that is foisted upon unsuspecting lonely children.
And thus – McKenzie dismisses Ransome, much the way she also dismisses Munro. To use Munro's words as if they were her own! As if she is the rightful heir to those words! Very dismissive of the real genius.
As to influences. I find it weird to have Ransome, Munro, refugees packed into trucking boxes, "Where the Wild Things Are"and the three bears packed into the same story, with a dash of Jennifer Egan. One could argue that dreams are like that, but I argue that a short story works better if it is not a mish-mash.
. As for writing a story that begins 'I had a dream' and ends and 'Then I woke up', there are several problems. One is that Washington Irving's use of the dream is hard to top. Another is Martin Luther King's magisterial use of the form.
The third, and the most difficult, problem is that any of us who have a stash of pre-teen writing in the attic have a story that starts 'I had a dream'. So McKenzie has set herself a hard bar to clear. The story has to have a better ending than, 'And then I woke up', but to me 'and then I woke up and realized I had a conscience' is hardly any better.
Hoping to hear from you again, Majnuhn, if not on this story, on a future one.
Hi Betsy. I try to approach stories with a relatively blank slate. To require that all stories involving X be as good as the best story ever written involving X is, I think, a recipe for no more stories to be written. At the same time, I agree that tackling certain topics invites certain comparisons, so I think you make some fair points.
One last specific note: MLK used "dream" to mean a goal, as in "my dream is to finish a marathon." He did not use "dream" in the sense of thoughts or visions that come during sleep, which is the meaning that applies here.
Since you asked, the link for my review is http://majnunbd.com/files/NewYorkerNoteSavage.html.
Trevor Berrett December 12, 2014 at 4:07 pm
I still haven't read the story . . .
But, I wanted to say that while I agree with you, Majnun, that Martin Luther King Jr. meant dream as goal, he is also using it figuratively. To say it's either a goal or something you encounter during sleep doesn't allow for that lovely ground in between the two definitions. After all, a goal is referred to as a dream because of that relationship between the two.
I agree that there is ground in between, and that it's important ground, but in this case there's also a fundamental binary distinction: MLK's dream was about the future, and the story's dream is about the past. So MLK's usage of "dream" (looking forward to a concrete and realistic set of circumstances which he hopes his children will actually experience) is far removed from how "dream" was used in the story (looking backward at fantastical and surreal images which nobody other than the narrator will experience). Those usages are different enough that I can't fault a short story that involves a dreamy surreal version of the past for somehow not matching MLK's masterful use of "dream" as a concrete vision of a hoped-for future. Especially when the story seemingly has nothing to do with civil rights or race.
Betsy Pelz December 12, 2014 at 9:42 pm
Thanks for the link, Majnuhn. Very nice looking site! And I enjoyed reading your whole post.
I particularly liked this sentence from your post: "The story as a whole serves as an ingenious excavation of a past…"
And I found your discovery of the Life magazine issue pertinent to this story is very valuable.
Majnun Ben-David December 12, 2014 at 10:09 pm
Thanks Betsy. I look forward to more interesting discussions about New Yorker short stories.
lotusgreen December 14, 2014 at 1:24 am
What ever happened to:
I want a girl
Just like the girl
That married dear old Dad.
She was a pearl
And the only girl
That Daddy ever had;
A good old fashioned girl
with heart so true,
One who loves
Nobody else but you.
–Will Dillon
It's been replaced with:
They fuck you up, your mum and dad.
They may not mean to, but they do.
They fill you with the faults they had
And add some extra, just for you.
But they were fucked up in their turn
By fools in old-style hats and coats,
Who half the time were soppy-stern
And half at one another's throats.
Man hands on misery to man.
It deepens like a coastal shelf.
Get out as early as you can,
And don't have any kids yourself.
The stories this last half-year have certainly borne out that assertion. Let's adopt some snappily-named categories. First, we have the SDFs, the Seriously Disfunctional Families. Next, there are the cartoons, or myths, or make-believe/symbolism stories. Let's call those the Toons. And third, Druggies. An * indicates that a story was difficult to classify.
Let's see what happens if we try to make a list, most recent first:
SDF Toons Druggies
"Reverend" "Savage Breast" "One Gram Short"
"Eykelboom." "The Empties," "Jack/July."
*"The Alaska/Giants/Gods" "Alan Bean Plus Four," "Motherlode."
"Primum Non Nocere," "Rosendale," "Wagner in the Desert."
*"Ordinary Sins."
*"Scheherazade"
*"Story, With Bird."
*"Dinosaurs/Other Planets."
"The Referees."
That means that since the late summer half the stories have been about disturbed families, and a quarter of them each about druggies and cartoons. While I have greatly enjoyed some of the stories, and hope to continue visiting this place and contributing to it, I have to admit to myself that I don't think the fiction editor's taste is very similar to my own. What's astonishing to me as I look back over the stories that I've read during this period but never wrote about here, though, is how little I remember them; I can't remember how they ended! That says something I hadn't expected about this process, and quite appreciate. Thanks, y'all.
So, that's about where I came in. Good night. I'm off to cuddle with a furry animal. Fortunately, this one purrs.
lotusgreen December 14, 2014 at 3:16 pm
Oh, I'm sorry. This didn't print out like it looked like it wood. For what it's worth, I'll clarify:
Seriously Dysfunctional Families:
"Eykelboom."
*"The Alaska/Giants/Gods"
"Primum Non Nocere,"
(An * indicates that a story was difficult to classify. )
"Savage Breast"
"The Empties,
"Alan Bean Plus Four,"
"Rosendale,"
Druggies
"One Gram Short"
"Jack/July."
"Motherlode."
"Wagner in the Desert."
I mean, would you have dinner with any of these people?
Lily, very interesting list. Note the new story by Nuruddin Farah ("The Start of the Affair"). It is less easily categorized.
About your question: would I have dinner with any of these people – yes, I would – but I am a really nosy person, not particularly picky, and no Perle Mesta. I find people in extremis compelling. Working backwards, I would love to have had dinner with the guy telling the story in "Wagner in the Desert". It's pretty clear he doesn't usually spend his days stoned. Also, Wagner, himself, just to see. the woman who does the tending in "Scherazade", Claudia's daughter in "Primum non Nocere", any of the people in "Ordinary Sins", especially the narrator, the woman who is so sad in "Dinosaurs/Other Planets" (I don't think I could get anything out of the husband – he seems to hate women), the author of "Alan Bean, Plus Four", the narrator of "Eykelboom", the woman in the Eggers story, just to see if I could get her attention, the woman who has retreated to her house and is sitting with a gun in her lap – the one who is learning how to write a book….The "Motherlode" people I found scary, and so I would skip them, although I really enjoyed the story.
That's a really interesting question!
And I can hardly remember "The Referees", so I can't say, although the guy telling the story is a terrific fool, and deluded, and sometimes I have really dark days when I realize that's me, too.
What I'm trying to say is something along the lines of you bloom where you are planted. The New Yorker stories are available to me. So I'm glad to have them.
But I think you are so right. Many of these stories overlap. "The Start of the Affair" is different, although you could claim it has some overlap with "One Gram Short". So I recommend it to you.
lotusgreen December 15, 2014 at 12:13 pm
Thank you, Betsy — I'll read it and continue to read what's offered in this fascinating literary delicatessen. Thank you also for your discussion of dinner; you have a far more open door than I do, though I'd agree about the author of Alan Bean. Analyzing a story plants the details more deeply in memory, so I'm unable to be very specific the stories I've loved, but there have been a few. As I recall, love was closer to the main thread of the story than was fear. In any case, reading well-written fiction is a worthwhile pastime, whether you like them or not.
— Lily
Louise Chequamegon December 16, 2014 at 11:18 pm
As a reader, I have a pretty wide range of taste, but I can say unreservedly that I liked "Savage Breast" less than any other story I can remember finishing. When McKenzie's narrator asked, "Why did he bring us out here?" I thought very nearly the same – Why did she bring us here, as readers? I have no clue.
Ken December 20, 2014 at 5:48 am
I was pretty surprised to find that anyone could have anything positive to say about this. This story was, in my opinion, terrible and lazy. The second she wakes up and is somewhere else is where it lost me. Trying to incorporate fantasy takes real skill (Murakami can do it for instance) whereas this seems lazily turned to and once she can do this, then the story can (and does) go anywhere. All to prove some very heavy-handed points about nostalgic recall.
Greg December 23, 2014 at 11:45 pm
Thank you Majnun for your clarity on this story being about an emotionally stunted childhood. Also, thank you for helping me understand the subtext of the sex scene.
My favourite text from the story was: "I could barely remember my recent life – there had been a lot of rushing around in uncomfortable shoes and meeting with people and always having to play some game from which I was supposed to receive some gain. I didn't miss it at all."
And Betsy, you are being too hard on yourself. You also use a mild tone……and are always gracious!
And lastly, thank you Lily for sharing those two contrasting poems……I agree with Philip Larkin……and I would have thought you would too due to your strained relationship with your mother?
Greg, you are too kind. But why have you left out the rest of my family?
Greg December 24, 2014 at 3:49 pm
You caught me Lily focusing on only the negative….I am relieved that the rest of your family relationships have been rewarding!
Also, how do you see me now after you know I subscribe to Philip Larkin's views? (Tolstoy had similar opinions on marriage and children at the end of his life)
Please feel free Lily to be completely honest with me! Have I made a major miscalculation that will cost me significant satisfaction? I believe you posted the Larkin piece to suggest that you disagree with this way of thinking of family…..hmm…………
It's inevitable, ubiquitous, unintentional, and unconscious.
Mafunzalo December 28, 2014 at 12:40 pm
I am an Electrical Engineer. In my case, there was little time in college to appreciate the arts. Since my retirement, I have grown to appreciate good writing and have fallen in love with The New Yorker, especially the "Fiction" articles, some more than others. When I read "The Savage Breast," I felt that my college education had not prepared me to understand literature such as this. I am very happy for your take on "The Savage Breast," Betsy, for you accurately described my impressions, and more. And thank you everyone else who has discussed this article; I found all of your comments clarifying. I look forward to everyones take on future "Fictions."
Great to see Mafunzalo that you have fallen in love with literature.
Like the rest of us.
Betsy December 29, 2014 at 7:03 pm
Welcome, Mafunzalo. Looking forward to hearing your comments on future stories!
juliemcl January 25, 2015 at 11:13 pm
Does no one remember Tessa Hadley's New Yorker story from about 16 mos. ago, entitled "Bad Dreams", in which Hadley invokes the Ransome "Swallows and Amazons"? I think I remember this because I love Hadley so much – and apparently so does McKenzie (see https://www.facebook.com/CQRBooks) – so it can't just he mere coincidence.
I think Hadley's Q&A related to the aforementioned story is quite pertinent to an analysis of this story (http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/this-week-in-fiction-tessa-hadley-4). I had never heard of "Swallows and Amazons" before reading the Hadley story and I remember looking it up back then.
This bothers me a little bit. And, like Betsy, I am bothered by the "Dear Life" reference.
This story has problems. All that aside, I agree with Majnun's assessment. Like real dreams, it was alternately weird and thrilling and uncomfortable and scary and sad. I thought it also pointed towards the narrator having developed similar mental disorders as her mother had dealt with, or maybe a different way to cope with things but a way that is just as dysfunctional. I much appreciated Lily's reminder of the Larkin poem. I'd like to hear the narrator's sister's perspective on their childhood and also on what the narrator is like now.
Benji February 9, 2015 at 10:04 pm
I loved this story. Here's one thing to consider: you can read the whole dream/fantasy as being about the jarring transition from childhood into puberty. It's no coincidence that the trouble pops up after this "breast"/"beast" incident she relates midway through the story (no idea if the book in question has any significance, although the fact that it's about a happy family seems appropriate for this loss of innocence narrative). The narrator's imagined childhood is warm and safe and filled with love, but "then one day, when my guard was down" everything suddenly, abruptly changes into an incomprehensible and panicked flight into a trackless desert. Yep, sounds like junior high to me.
This also sheds light on the sex scene with the guy who "was not the boy who had mattered to me, that much was for sure." Our first sexual encounters are often with people who we abruptly discover are not the people we thought had mattered to us. ("Can you understand me?" she asks "Sometimes," he replies — their only exchange.)
It's after she goes through this garbled transition period that the beasts — the soft, sweet inhabitants of her idealized past, which we realize was never as happy as this alternate, furry dream world — begin to turn more human, bloodily and tragically. That's growing up, I guess. The narrator observes them engaging in labor for no apparent purpose (digging endlessly in the sand), much like a precocious teenager becoming aware of the world would watch the adults in her life rush around to their jobs and wonder just what the hell they were doing.
Anyway, never been here before — just excited about this story and wanted to share my thoughts.
lotusgreen February 22, 2015 at 12:23 am
About a week ago I wrote Deborah Treisman, asking her pretty much what I was asking above. Was it a matter of taste? Was there some particular reasoning behind her choices? Like that.
She responded that no, it was nothing like that; it's just that sometimes a whole slew of similarly tweaked stories (my words, not hers) and so that's what she runs with. I'd had that exact same experience when I was doing the magazine, which I told her in acknowledgement. She told me to stick with the magazine and probably next year I'd find a whole different set of commonalities.
So I'm sitting reading the 90th Anniversary comments and came to hers, which reads, referring to the 1960s:
It was a time of change, a time of messing with the narrative line, a time of meaning and deliberate avoidance of meaning, a time of colloquialism, absurdity, and desperation, all in crazy coexistence with the more traditional strands of fiction. Read Barthelme's iconoclastic prose poems alongside the sly shtetl fables of Isaac Bashevis Singer or Jorge Luis Borges's multilayered allegorical teases, both of which were first published in The New Yorker in 1967, or Ann Beattie's playful, sad comedies of misconnection, which began to appear here in 1974, and you have a sense of the literary disjunctions, as well as the writers' common goal: to pull us all into the political, cultural, emotional maelstrom of the era.
and damn if it didn't sound real real familiar!
juliemcl February 28, 2015 at 12:33 am
Benji, that's an amazing take on the story. I like it, a lot. thank you!
JackW March 30, 2017 at 4:16 pm
I love this story! Love the "wooden language" but don't find it "wooden." I love the straightforward, simple words that document, at a distance, the strangely comfortable, surreal evolution of events. It's subtle and sad, instructs and observes, perfectly measured. More like this, please!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Sutherland Shire Environment Centre, we're working towards a cleaner, healthier and more beautiful environment that benefits us all now and into the future.
We're actively involved in a wide range of projects aimed at greening the shire, environmental education, sustainable living and business and protecting against environmental threats. You can see more about these projects here.
Sutherland Shire Environment Centre (SSEC) is a totally independent, not-for-profit, non-government, community organisation. We've been working with the community since 1991 and have achieved some very significant gains for the environment in that time.
The SSEC is an incorporated Association, guided by a constitution and governed by a Board elected by members at the Annual General Meeting.
Together our members have hundreds of years of campaigning experience and can offer invaluable advice.
We can provide your community group with the administrative infrastructure you might need to achieve your environmental goals (ABN, bank account, tax deductibility, insurance).
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We can provide limited funding for expenses such as meeting room hire, posters, banners.
Why don't you contact us today to see how we can work with you to help our environment?


text:
contact@bosniak.org
Congress of Bosniaks of North America
Kongres Bosnjaka Sjeverne Amerike
About CBNA
About Bosniaks
History Thursday
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Home English CBNA's Letters to Antony Blinken and Samantha Power
CBNA's Letters to Antony Blinken and Samantha Power
updated on June 11, 2021 June 11, 2021
On June 7th, 2021, the Congress of Bosniaks of North America (CBNA) sent separate letters to Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Ambassador Samantha Power (Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development) regarding the dire humanitarian situation and public health crisis unfolding in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the end of May, only 1.34% of the Bosnian population was vaccinated, with the vast majority of those vaccinations occurring outside of Bosnia. This is among the lowest vaccination rates in the world. The Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center reported that Bosnia's mortality rate during the last wave was approximately 4.4%, making it the ninth highest mortality rate in the world.
This pandemic has highlighted and amplified the dysfunction of Bosnia's government. Certain unintended consequences resulting from the Dayton Peace Accords left the country with weak centralized institutions. Even during a pandemic, main governing parties, together with their sponsors from outside of Bosnia are using Dayton mechanisms in a coordinated fashion to obstruct the government and block any attempts by state institutions to order vaccines for all of its citizens. The same political parties publicly magnify the government's failures and incompetence while they position the entities and cantons as the ultimate authorities and the only levels of government that are functioning and capable of self-governing. To this date, not a single COVID-19 vaccine has been received by the state government or any of its institutions.
In its letter to Secretary Blinken, CBNA called for the U.S. to exert its leadership in Bosnia and initiate a process of meaningful constitutional reforms and changes that will correct certain unintended consequences of the Dayton Peace Accords. The lack of governance and weak rule of law are a major threat to Bosnia's development and the main cause of rampant corruption that exists across all levels of government and political spectrum. The letter stressed that "now is the time to help strengthen the Bosnian government and its institutions to at least a level where the government and such institutions can help preserve and protect the life, health, safety and well-being of all of its citizens."
In its letter to Ambassador Power, CBNA urged the U.S. administration to add Bosnia on the list of countries that will receive direct allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in response to this public health and humanitarian crisis: "When deciding on the global distribution of vaccines, we implore you to take the aforementioned facts, including the inability of the Bosnian government and its institutions to provide its people with any vaccines that were not donated by other nations, into consideration, and help all of the citizens of Bosnia, regardless of ethnic, religious, or other background, receive their fair share of U.S. vaccines."
June 8, 2021 – Final Verdict Against Ratko Mladic
CBNA sponsored program "New Leaders of Una-Sana Canton" commenced in Bihać
GENOCIDE IN BOSNIA
International Court Of Justice Judgement
US House Resolution 199
US Senate Resolution 134
Canada Parliament M-416
BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT
Embassy in Washington, DC USA
Consulate General Chicago USA
© Copyright 2020 Congress of Bosniaks of North America. All Rights Reserved


There are undoubtedly a lot of great reasons why people will play games online. There are some who enjoy the single games, while others really like what the group games have to offer. One of the reasons why online group games are so beneficial is that they can also be used for learning.
Some teaching establishments are running with the idea that they can take something that the kids enjoy, and turn it into a learning tool. An excellent example of this is one school, that is taking a group game like Metric Mystery, and while enjoying the gist of the game, the students are learning some critical math skills. Then, in other classroom settings, the students may become involved in a game like Minecraft.
Just as there are many online group games developed for the sheer enjoyment of the game, a lot is being produced with a focus on learning and developing skills. The following are a few examples of these.
Ice Breakers: These are games that are comprised of activities that will get the group to share with each other, and allow them to get to know one another.
Team Building: As the name implies, these games focus on actions that will allow participants to problem solve in leadership positions.
Team Puzzles: Many of these online games can encourage players to think as a group.
A lot of kids who have difficulty fitting in with their peers, often find that with the online game setting, that they are able to adjust more easily.


Application Support Engineer with bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer information systems, information technology or a combination of education to responsible for delivering and maintaining scalable and robust enterprise (JAVA / J2EE) applications, network, systems, and services with a heavy emphasis on application performance monitoring. Implement bug fixes and patches to both new and legacy parts of the platform. Will be working closely with Application and Infrastructure operations teams to provide monitoring platform support, metrics, events management, alerting, reporting and dashboards. Proactively bring issues and problems to the attention of the team; generating, proposing and implementing innovative solutions to solve them. Maintain exceptionally high standards of design and code quality at all times, including architectural, security and scalability standards and principles applied.
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Application Analyst with a Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to develops, enhances, debugs, supports, maintains and tests software applications that support business units or supporting functions. Participates in the design, development and implementation of complex applications, often using Java and Big data technologies. This position will also work with upcoming software requirements changes, implementing software modifications, and documenting the software's business requirements/logic. Using internal applications validate the data implement software modifications.
Application Developer II with a Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to responsible for designing and developing both front-end and back-end application solutions using Java and Big data technologies. Designing and developing application solutions, components, cloud platform integrations based upon a thorough analysis and decomposition of business requirements and needs. Ability to grasp new technologies rapidly as needed to progress varied initiatives. Break down data issues and resolve them. Build robust systems with an eye on the long term maintenance and support of the application. Leverage reusable code modules to solve problems across the team and organization. Utilize a working knowledge of multiple development languages and understands complex multi-tier, multi-platform systems.
IT Analyst with a Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to Design new computer programs by analyzing requirements; constructing workflow charts and diagrams; studying system capabilities; writing specifications. Conduct summary analysis of requests for improvement of existing and future software (home, web or other programs); Perform development (programming), implementation, documentation and support related to the improvement requests selected; Participate in the development and maintenance of existing and future solutions (in-house programs, integration of external solutions, web or other); Be responsible for the structure and integrity of corporate data (data warehouse); Intervene directly with the users' clientele in the framework of pilot projects and major project developments (information gathering, modification requests, training, support and others); Being versatile, support the IT department and other departments by providing solutions to developments and integrations to perform; Ensure that the systems developed within the organization correspond to the needs and strategic orientations of the organization by performing a constant technological watch; Perform any other tasks at the request of immediate superior.
Hadoop Developer with a Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems,information technology to Responsible for the documentation, design, development, and architecture of Hadoop applications. Work closely with front end web application and database developers. Document design and implementation of data pipelines and usage. Analyze business requirements for complex projects.Build large-scale data storage and processing software and infrastructure. Design and develop web-based platforms and services to process, store, and serve large volumes of data using Hadoop ecosystem,Hive, Spark, Kafka Java or RoPython and exposure to machine learning techniques. Cleanse and process large raw data sets using Hadoop ecosystem and RDBMS technologies.Develop proof of concepts of new technologies and evaluate in large-scale data processing and distributed computing.
With bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to develop and execute QA Automation with writing Cucumber tests for Ruby on Rails, Python or Java on Web-based and enterprise software systems. Must be familiar with automated test tools such as Selenium and possess strong knowledge of cross-browser issues and security. Document and perform a variety of tests, including regression, functional and integration.Utilize user requirements to develop and document SQL and automation scripts, test plans and cases. Demonstrated strong knowledge with HTML, CSS and XML.
With Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to setup, deployment, monitoring, supporting, and administering the entire software development stack from development to production environments. Prepare and deliver reports recommendations or alternatives for improving processes and systems across the organization. Evaluate web applications deployed into production making recommendations to improve security, scalability, performance, and availability. Must have strong SQL Server and Windows environment knowledge with experience in supporting cloud, hybrid, and on premise Web applications. Able to work in an agile development team working in a fast-paced release cycle.
With Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science, Computer information systems, information technology or a combination of education to work on design, develop, implement, maintain, test business functions and web applications using variety of languages, tools, methodologies and technologies. Develop. create and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs, analyze user needs, develop software solutions and design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency.
With Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, Computer Information Systems or a combination of education to develop and support SharePoint and Office 365 solutions. Working closely with clients to understand support daily delivery expectations and operations. Creating requirements, functional design specifications, implementation plans and test scripts/plans. Anticipating, mitigating, identifying, troubleshooting, and resolving SharePoint issues and escalating incidents as necessary on behalf of clients. Responsible for the planning and management of medium to large-sized SharePoint projects. Good to have full lifecycle SharePoint/O365 implementation, upgrade, migration and deployment experience including creating custom developed solutions in SharePoint 2013/2016 and M365.
With bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer information systems, information technology or a combination of education to Perform performance tuning and testing of ETL jobs participating in large scale application design and development of ETL jobs. Installing and Configuring various Informatica products including PowerCenter, Data Quality, MDM, BDM and Informatica data replication (IDR)etc. Work on regular backups, monitoring and automate these. Troubleshoot issues related to access, configuration or any other infrastructure related issues. Perform ETL Code deployments (repository, folder, workflow, and mapping level etc.). Good to have experience on Informatica upgrade and migration.
Java Developer with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Information Technology or closely related field to design, develop, implement, maintain and test business functions and web applications using a variety of languages, tools, methodologies and technologies. Master's degree in one of the relevant subjects preferred. Creates user information solutions by developing, implementing, and maintaining Java based components and interfaces. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency.
Salesforce Developer with Master's degree in Computer Science/Information Systems, Engineering (any), Technology or related and 6 months of exp. to design, develop, test, document and deploy on the Force.com platform. Involve in development, administration, configuration, and Support of Salesforce CRM and Salesforce applications based on Apex Language and leveraging Force.com Platform. Analyze and modify Salesforce out of box workflows, field updates, and approval process to suit the business needs. Provide support to ongoing salesforce.com maintenance, administration services including custom objects, workflow, and triggers.
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System Engineer with Master's degree in Computer Science, Engineering any, Technology or related to design of system solutions, providing technical input for all aspects of projects including design, system integration, providing support in order to facilitate the delivery projects within time and maintain customer satisfaction. Document design specifications, installation instructions, and other system related information. Provide technical guidance or support for the development or troubleshooting of systems.
With Bachelor's degree in computer science, computer information systems, information technology to develop robust and repeatable infrastructure-as-code and configuration management scripts for enterprise software applications. Design and build public cloud environments within AWS & Azure that are modern, automated, and elastic. Strong background in Linux/UNIX (Debian/Ubuntu, AWS Linux) scripting (Bash, Python, or Go). Familiarity with Linux Containers and Virtualization (Docker and other virtualization technologies) and Infrastructure configuration management & automation ( Ansible, OpsWorks Chef, AWS Cloudformation, Salt, Terraform) along with configuration management and continuous integration using Jenkins, Bamboo or an equivalent.
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text:
Wimbledon Glance: Roger vs. Rafa once again at Wimbledon by The Associated Press | July 11, 2019 at 5:00 p.m.
Spain's Rafael Nadal celebrates winning a men's quarterfinal match against United States' Sam Querrey on day nine of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships in London, Wednesday, July 10, 2019. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)
WIMBLEDON, England — A quick look at Wimbledon:
Lookahead to Friday
Eleven years later, it's time for the next installment of the Roger vs. Rafa rivalry at Wimbledon. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal will face each other in the men's semifinals, their first meeting at the All England Club since a classic five-set final in 2008. Nadal won that match 9-7 in the fifth set, while Federer beat his Spanish rival in the previous two finals. Federer is looking for a record-extending ninth Wimbledon title, while Nadal is chasing his third. In the other match, defending champion Novak Djokovic takes on Roberto Bautista Agut, a Spaniard playing in his first Grand Slam semifinal.
Friday's forecast
Partly cloudy. High of 75 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius).
Thursday's weather
Thursday's women's semifinals
No. 7 Simona Halep beat No. 8 Elina Svitolina 6-1, 6-3; No. 11 Serena Williams beat Barbora Strycova 6-1, 6-2.
37 years, 290 days - Serena Williams' age on Saturday, making her the oldest woman to play a Grand Slam final in the professional era -- about a month older than Martina Navratilova was when she played the 1994 championship match at Wimbledon.
"I promise you, when I hit a volley I was like, 'Would I have made that if I didn't play doubles? I don't think so.'" - Serena Williams on whether playing mixed doubles with Andy Murray helped her perform better at the net against Barbora Strycova.


Alright, I won't spend any more time on it. Thanks for the info.
> the metadata if the repository isn't set.
>> 'origin' git remote pointing to your github.com repository.
>>                Error: Run jekyll build --trace for more information.
>> to prevent it from failing to rebuild the site.
>> Has someone already figured this one out?
>>>> would be a significant change in behavior.
>>> Agreed. This would be an alternative in code which would be super useful.
>>> Not sure about this. I don't know how closely HDFS follows this.
>>> automate/productize the process which has an inherent issue with it.
>>>>> Nice write up here, folks.
>>>>> prevent the need to alter the root of HDFS, IMO.


text:
Let me start off by thanking everyone who served in the military regardless of branch. Without your service, in both peacetime and war, we wouldn't have the freedoms that we have today.
I was thinking about my Dad this morning. He served 28 years of active duty in the Army and was medically retired in 1972. He was 53 and was suffering from a wide range of health conditions probably brought on by his military service.
My Dad died at age 62 and 10 days. He was actually born on April 3rd and not April 13th like it says on the grave marker.
On May 5th, I officially outlived him. Unlike him, I never smoked, I never was in a war zone, and I was never exposed to Agent Orange. With the exception of not smoking, I wasn't exposed to the things he was thanks to his service and that of millions of more men and women just like him.
So on this Veterans Day, remember and thank those family members and friends who did serve. Thank them for the lives we live thanks to their hard work and sacrifices.
And At The Eleventh Hour The Guns Fell Silent
November 11, 2018 by John Richardson 2 Comments
gtag('config', 'UA-115029161-1');
H. G. Wells called the Great War or World War I the "war to end all wars." We know that was a mythical false hope. Indeed, it can be rightly said that the Treaty of Versailles created the conditions that led, in no small part, to World War II.
The Armistice that ended the fighting on the Western Front went into effect at 11 am Paris Time on November 11, 1918. At that time, fighting was to cease. However, as I noted in a post a few years ago, fighting continued and men still died right up to until that time. Private Henry Gunther of Baltimore continued fighting to the end and was killed at 10:59 am as he charged a German machine gun nest. He was officially the last Allied soldier to die in combat.
Thus, this recording released by the Imperial War Museum in London is all the more eloquent as it begins with artillery fire and ends with the sound of birds singing. It comes from a recording made in the American sector near the River Moselle just before and after the eleventh hour.
So on this Veterans Day, the 100th anniversary of the Armistice ending fighting in World War I, let us remember all those living and dead who served in our country's armed services.
Thank You To All Our Veterans
Veterans Day honors all those who served in any branch of the military. It was originally conceived as Armistice Day and was first celebrated on November 11, 1919. The significance of the date is that it was the day that the armistice was declared effectively ending World War One.
I never served in the military but my dad and my Uncle George served in the Army while my Uncle John and Uncle B served in the Navy during WWII.
I have many friends in gun rights community who are veterans and I salute them for never forgetting the oath that they took to support and defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
Recognizing Those Who Recognize Those Who Don't Come Home
The 3rd Infantry Regiment, the Old Guard, provides the funeral details for Arlington Nation Cemetery among other things. They recognize those who didn't come home. On this Veteran's Day, I want to recognize them.
Kudos To Brownells
Many companies are offering discounts on this Veterans Day. However, in my opinion, Brownells and these companies are doing something even better. They are donating a portion of their sales from today to an organization that helps those from the Special Operations community that have been wounded. While all of our military veterans deserve help, few have been called upon as much over the last two decades as those in special operations.
Brownells & 11 Industry Partners Join Forces to Support Veterans
GRINNELL, Iowa (November 10, 2016) – Brownells is proud to announce it has formed a coalition of industry partners to donate sales dollars on Veterans Day – Friday, November 11, 2016 – to Special Operations Wounded Warriors(SOWW).
On Veteran's Day 2016, Brownells will donate five percent of its total sales to SOWW. In addition, the following companies have agreed to donate five percent of their Veterans Day sales at Brownells to SOWW:
Wilson Combat®
Trijicon®
LifeStraw®
XS Sight Systems®
Earlier this year, Brownells partnered with Magpul to donate a percentage of sales on Memorial Day to SOWW. The Veterans Day donation event, with 11 industry partners participating, represents a significant increase in support for SOWW.
"We could not be more appreciative and grateful for the outstanding and continued support of Brownells, its Senior Management, its employees, and its customers," said SOWW Vice President Joel Pellicci. "As a Tier One level sponsor, our highest level of support, Brownells is a major contributor and supporter of our mission to provide thanks, fellowship, and therapeutic retreats to wounded members of the U.S. Special Operations Communities. Brownells' aggressive support of SOWW has positively affected the lives of many people in need over the last five years."
Customers can learn more about the Veteran's Day promotion by visiting the Brownells/SOWW Veterans Day page.
About SOWW
Special Operations Wounded Warriors (SOWW) is a not-for-profit group that provides outdoor experiences and therapeutic retreats, as well as assistance with medical, physical and mental therapies for both veterans and active-duty members of the Unites States Special Operations Forces who have been wounded in action. For more information, visit www.sowwcharity.com.
At The Eleventh Hour
Today, November 11th is Veterans Day. It is a day in which we honor all of veterans. To which I would like to offer my sincere thanks to all who have served in our armed forces.
However, this post will be about an earlier time. Before 1954, November 11th was known as Armistice Day. It commemorated the armistice which ordered the cessation of hostilities and ended World War I. The telegram below shows the orders received by Allied units on the Western Front.
Found on Tumblr
Thus, at "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918, the war ended.
You would think that with the cessation of hostilities scheduled for 11 am that most soldiers and most units would do everything in their power to avoid any contact with the opposing forces. You would be wrong. There was still fighting that November morning and men still died.
The last British soldier to die was George Edwin Ellison who was shot while on patrol in Mons, Belgium at 9:30 am. He is buried near Mons and his grave faces that of John Parr who was the first British soldier killed in 1914.
At 10:45 am on the November day, Augustin Trébuchon became the last French soldier to die. Because the French were embarrassed for having sent soldiers into battle without knowledge that the Armistice would begin that morning, they listed the date of death as November 10th. This was corrected in 1998.
George Lawrence Price, a Canadian soldier, was killed by a German sniper at 10:58 am. He had been in a house near Ville-sur-Haine, France and had been warned about snipers in the area.
While the United States did not enter the war until 1917, we had the last soldier to die during WWI. He was Private Henry Gunther of Baltimore who died at 10:59am. Gunther was assigned to Co. A, 313th Infantry Regiment, 79th Division.
From Obit of the Day:
Private Henry Gunther, of Baltimore, had learned of the planned cease fire at 10:30 a.m. He and his company remained pinned down by German machine gun fire waiting for the minutes to pass.
But in a surprise to his compatriots – and the Germans – Private Gunther scrambled out of his foxhole, rifle in hand, and began to charge the gun battery. The Germans pleaded with the 23-year-old to stop his charge reminding him that the war was soon to end but he continued running and firing his rifle. They had no choice but to return fire.
Private Henry Gunther died at 10:59 a.m. on November 11, 1918. The last soldier killed in action in the conflict later called World War I.
Although he never gave a reason for his actions, Pvt. Gunther was recently demoted from sergeant to private after a letter critical of Army life was intercepted by military censors. A German-American, he was already under some level of suspicion this did not aid his cause. He would tell his fellow soldiers that he wanted to "make good."
Following his death Private Gunther was returned to the rank of sergeant and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. His body was returned home and buried in Most Holy Redeemer Cemetery in Baltimore.
More on Sgt. (then Private) Gunther can be found at the Baltimore Sun.
At The Eleventh Hour On The Eleventh Day
Today is Veterans Day. Up until 1954, it was known simply as Armistice Day. The change came about due to the efforts of WWII veteran Raymond Weeks who had the idea to celebrate all veterans and not just the veterans of WWI. Thus, I would like to give my thanks to all veterans, living and dead, for their service to our country.
Armistice Day which commemorates the end of WWI got me to thinking about my grandfathers. While neither served in WWI, I was able to find their draft cards.
My paternal grandfather, William Thomas Richardson, was a farmer and had four children when he registered for the draft in 1918. My father did not come along until 1919.
My maternal grandfather, John Francis Sheridan, was a tax assessor with the City of New York. He registered for the draft in 1917. He did not marry my grandmother until 1918 and my mother was born in 1919. My mother told me that he was always disappointed that he was turned down for service due to his eyesight.
If you look at the lower left corner of my Grandfather Sheridan's draft registration, you will see a tab that reads, "If person is of African descent, tear off this corner." I find it interesting that this is on the card belonging to my grandfather residing in New York and not the one residing in North Carolina.
I found these on Ancestry.com. Today it is free to search their military records collection. They have draft cards from WWI and WWII as well as US Navy ship muster rolls. If you want to do more in-depth searching on an ancestor's US military background, you can get records from the National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records.
Lest I forget to say it, thank you to all of our veterans, living and dead. Without you, we would not have the freedom we have today.
The Deceased
My father, 1SGT Paul Richardson, was an Army veteran of both WWII and Vietnam who was originally drafted in October 1940.
My Uncle John Sheridan was a WWII Navy vet who enlisted on December 8, 1941 and served aboard the aircraft carrier USS Bennington towards the end of the war.
My late wife's father, Ray Lipe, was a WWI Navy vet. No, I didn't forget the extra "I" – Ray really was a WWI vet. When the Selective Service called his mother to ask why he didn't answer his Army draft notice, they were told that he was at boot camp at Naval Station Great Lakes. He tried to get the Navy to allow him to serve again during WWII but was told he was too old.
The Complementary Spouse's father, Clarence, was a Korean War vet who served in the USAF's Air Weather Service and was stationed in Japan providing weather briefings to pilots heading into North Korea. He served in the Air Force Reserve later in the 50's and left as a Major.
The Living
My best friend's son, Capt. John Rodriguez, is now serving with the 3rd Infantry, the Old Guard. Prior to that he spent a year in Afghanistan in the Korengal Valley with Viper Company, 1-26 Infantry, 3IBCT, 1st Infantry Division.


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An American In Logres: After The Fall
December 8, 2015 in Anglicanism, Art, Charles Williams, Inklings, Western Christianity | Tags: Anglicanism, Charles Williams, Christianity, Fantasy, Inklings, King Arthur, Orthodoxy
It has been a couple of weeks since my long-awaited [used] copy of Taliessin Through Logres – The Region Of the Summer Stars – Arthurian Torso arrived from the used bookstore in Michigan from which I ordered it. It was a surprisingly good copy, well worth what I paid for it. The edition is, I believe, pretty well known; Eerdman's published it in 1974 and I could have picked it up for $7.95 at that time. It's odd, but I remember seeing it in a Christian bookstore forty years ago, and shuffling through t he pages. I was familiar with CS Lewis and I had heard that Charles Williams was a friend of his. Having puzzled my way through Many Mansions, I had already had a taste of Williams and wanted more. The dense and deeply self-referential poetry of Williams' Arthuriad completely defeated my casual perusal and I put the book back on the shelf.
Not too many copies of the Eerdman's volume were published. Maybe my recently acquired book was the same one I held in my hands forty years ago. Stranger things have been known to happen.
My eye was caught by a phrase that began an essay "The Coming Of The King" in the explanatory work by Charles Williams, The Figure of Arthur, which was included in the volume I purchased:
By the twelfth century the outline of the new metaphysical civilization in Europe was taking shape
and I knew that my reading of Williams was going to be different from that of a Western Christian. For me, the twelfth century marks an ending, not a beginning. The "new metaphysical civilization" that arose after the sundering of Latin Christendom is for me already a seminal apostasy, a long fading rather than a new quickening. The ruthless imposition of continental feudalism over the conciliar Anglo-Saxon polity, the suppression of the variegated local liturgies in favor of the Roman rite, to choose only two examples, speak to me more of
Union is breached; the imams stand in Sophia
Good Is God, the muzzein
calls, but lost is the light on the hills of Caucasia
glory of the Emperor, glory of substantial Being.
As I begin to attempt to dovetail Williams' mythology of Camelot-as-the City with my own dreams of the pre-schism eucharistic Commonwealth [however vaguely or however imprecisely that Commonwealth may have existed or not in history], I find three great burning ideas stand out to me.
The Arthurian corpus, I believe, is Charles Williams' great clearinghouse for all of his literary and theological output. The themes that Williams touches upon in all of his writings; The Web of Exchange, Co-inherence, The Vision of the City, the Way of the Affirmation of Images and the Way of the Denial of Images, are all present here and elevated from concept to archetype, or at least as far as William s' poetic abilities are able to carry them.
Charles Williams was not a Roman Catholic but an Anglican. This is important. Forged in Tudor politics during an uncertain time, Anglicanism as a faith has had a more elliptical orbit than other Christian bodies. There have been times during its career when Anglicanism has wobbled close enough to Orthodoxy for the broad majority to thrive within something of a celestial "temperate zone". I don't want to go to far into this, but it appears to me that Charles Williams' and CS Lewis' time was just about optimal.
Williams had the keen intuition to use the pre-Schism figure of Arthur [and the barely-historical figure of Taliessin] to anchor his romance of Christendom. The period of time between Theodosius and Alfred the Great is an interesting time. I always thought of pre-literate man as somewhat childlike, and high Roman culture was always more unstable in Britain than anywhere else in the Western Empire. The fall, when it finally came, was almost total, and there was enough "wiggle room" for the collective mythopoetic imagination to begin to accrete material around a minor Brythonic warlord with a shallow gloss of Romanitas, much as an oyster around a grain of sand, until the pearl of legend emerged.
There have been times during its career when Anglicanism has wobbled close enough to Orthodoxy for the broad majority to thrive within something of a celestial "temperate zone". I don't want to go to far into this, but it appears to me that Charles Williams' and CS Lewis' time was just about optimal.i
Yes, I think that's spot on. I don't think it would be possible today, and I wonder if we will ever see those days again.
Sørina Higgins
Thank you for this post! You are exactly right: His Arthuriad is indeed the place where CW works out all of his signature ideas more fully, interweaving them into what Roma King called "The Pattern in the Web." Thank you for your comments on the historical context, too. I just want to add that CW actually compresses a millennium of events down into Arthur's lifetime, starting with the Battle of Mt Badon (c. 500?) and ending with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. Yet he writes the Schism out of that mythological history. Indeed, "schism" was a harsh, cruel word in his vocabulary, signifying a condition of impossible conflict. He develops this idea in "English Poetic Mind."
« An American In Logres – Deep England
An American In Logres – "Prelude" »


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As I Remember Them: Childhood in Quebec and Why We Came West
By Jeanne-Elise Olsen, Edited by G. Lorraine Ouellett and Ian Adam
$24.95 CAD / $24.95 USD (S)
Jeanne-Elise Olson's extraordinary chilhood as the daughter of an excommunicated Roman Catholic priest in the remote Laurentians and their family's subsequent move to Ditton Park, Saskatchewan are told with vivid style in this remarkable memoir.
Originally written in the early 1970s, As I Remember Them is based on Jeanne-Elise Olsen's extraordinary recall of her childhood and youth spent in an isolated part of the Laurentians in the Lièvre River Valley in the early twentieth century. Jeanne was the daughter of a Roman Catholic priest who was excommunicated from the Church because he married a woman in his parish.
She recounts how the Church lifted the ban, but only on specific conditions, one of which was for the family to leave Quebec. The Olsen family moved to Ditton Park in east-central Saskatchewan, where they became engaged in agricultural pursuits. This memoir eloquently tells a personal story—and social history—that reveals strength of character, family bonds, religious devotion, and childhood memories that are truly reflective of life in Quebec and the Canadian West.
Sensuous and rich in detail, As I Remember Them will leave you with lasting images of the unforgettable personalities, the strength of clerical control in one family's destiny, and the vast and varied Canadian landscape.
Jeanne-Elise Olson was born in Val-des-Bois Quebec and moved to Saskatoon in 1918. She achieved a Master of Arts at the University of Alberta and taught Art, Botany, and French.
About the Editors:
Lorraine Ouelette is the daughter of Jeane-Elise Olson.
Ian Adam is Jean-Elise Olson's nephew.
As I Remember Them was published as a part of Legacies Shared
Praise for As I Remember Them:
Remarkably warm, affecting and vivid, swathed in prologues and sequels of family commentary, Jeanne Olsen's memoir is both a family story and larger than that. The writing glows with poignant details that appear to spring from a poetic imagination to catch us emotionally, but the narratives are sturdy and resonant of experience and history. Here is a girl's view of an extended community, Catholic and substantial, offering a voice out of Canada which is sweetly complex, making intimacy near characters that have been invisible and lost to distance and time.
—Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Author, Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American's Memoir of Homeland
An important contribution to our understanding of clerical control in Quebec a century ago. I have never before felt so deeply the impact of this.
—Donald Smith, University of Calgary
G. Lorraine Ouellette, née Olson
Prologue: The Literary Context
Ian Adam
A Note on Family Relations
1. Out of Babyhood
2. Home, Lessons, Chores
3. Here, There and Round–About
4. Toys, Games Pastimes, Outdoor Play
5. Relatives, Household Crafts
6. The City — School Days
7. The Why
8. The Last Chapter
G. Lorraine Ouelette
1. Connétable
2. Country Mice in the City
3. C.H. Edwards
4. Le Brin de Cerfeul (The Sprig of Chevril)
5. Adieu à Nos Deux Anges
5a. Farewell to Our Two Angels
6. Letter from W.D. Richer to the Bishop of Prince Alberta
7. Jeanne's Letter to her Sister Damienne
8. The Mill
8a. The Story of the Burning of the Mill (Added by G. Lorraine Ouelette)
9. Blueprint for Contentment
Genealogy of Joseph Richer and Olive Grignon
Genealogy of Phidine Côté and Marie Tremblay


Triumph Malmö Södergatan is Malmo's local answer to Victoria's Secret. They offer premium lingerie, swimwear, sportswear, loungewear and casual wear for today's modern successful women. While the shop is nowhere to go for a budget item but they do have some beautiful pieces that a woman of prestige and success is sure to adore and perhaps desire to take home with her.
Most of their lingerie is sold a-la-carte however they do offer select pieces that are sold as in set or in a pack. Triumph Malmö Södergatan has their own branded shapewear designed with Swedish women in mind. They have got standards like bodysuits, shorts and one piece shapewear as well. In addition to wired bras, their new selection of lacy bralets are super adorable and sure to charm your daughter or small chested friend into wanting to take home with them. Stylistically Triumph Malmö Södergatan has pieces in bright pastel florals as well as darker more mature colors such as navy, crimson and black. Their sportswear is particularly cute.
The main pieces in the sportswear section lack variety somewhat however what they lack in that department, they make up for in the amount of separates you can buy allowing a customer to have fun mixing and matching their sports bras to their athletic socks. Something really nice about their sports bras is the iridescent shiny patterns that some of them carry, which I find to be reminiscent of a mermaid or mythical creature. I can imagine wearing one of these pieces while doing yoga by the seaside or in a lush green forest on a summer's evening.


A trip down Haji Lane in Singapore is well worth checking out and will no doubt add a splash of colour to your visit. Haji Lane is a little street tucked away near the Arab district, (easily missed if you don't know about it) that pays homage to some fabulous street art. The walls of some of the buildings make for some fabulous photography opportunities or simply to just admire. There is a steady stream of tourists visiting the area during the day, but it's not as overly crowded as other tourist spots.
The narrow lane's walls are filled with cool larger than life street art and inside these colourful buildings you will find great boutique shopping. Gorgeous little boutiques stocking clothes, hats, shoes, along with some independent labels that offer a welcome alternative to the usual tourist type shopping.
There are also plenty of places to eat, drink and be merry along this little lane too! Filled with little cafes offering artisan coffee, craft beer and if you love middle eastern cuisine, then this is a great place to stop for a feed. In fact the area is quite multicultural, so you will find a variety of cuisines on offer. If you are after a more lively experience then head down around late afternoon or in the evening when the cafes and bars are in full swing for a street party vibe.
Best time to visit for photographing the street art is early to mid morning. That way you are less likely to have people walking into your shots.
Combine a trip to Haji Lane with a walk around Arab Street which is located nearby. Below is an what you may see wandering around the Haji Lane area.


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Die Schlacht von Buena Vista war ein bedeutendes Gefecht im Mexikanisch-Amerikanischen Krieg.

Vorgeschichte
Generalmajor Winfield Scott, der kommandierende General der US-amerikanischen Armee, zog Anfang 1847 etwa 8.000 Soldaten von General Zachary Taylor von den besetzten Städten Saltillo und Victoria ab. Diese Soldaten wurden für den geplanten Angriff auf Mexiko-Stadt über den Seeweg benötigt. Als General Santa Anna (General der mexikanischen Streitkräfte) von diesem Abzug und der nur noch ca. 5000 amerikanischen Soldaten bei Saltillo erfuhr, brach er mit 15.000 Mann nach Saltillo auf.

General Zachary Taylor verlegte daraufhin seine Truppen eiligst nach Buena Vista, einem Dorf südlich von Saltillo, da das dortige Gelände für seine 5000 Mann starken Truppen bessere Möglichkeiten zur Verteidigung bot.

Verlauf
Nachdem ihn Wool Ende Januar über den Anmarsch Santa Annas informierte, sammelte Taylor seine verstreuten Einheiten und die eintreffenden Verstärkungstruppen, unter denen sich Davis befand, in Saltillo. Insgesamt kam er auf acht Infanterieregimenter und knapp 5000 Mann. Bis zuletzt an der Truppenstärke der Mexikaner zweifelnd, konzentrierte Taylor am 21. Februar 1847 seine Streitkräfte in Agua Nueva knapp 30 km südlich von Saltillo. Da die Stellung wenig vorteilhaft war und erste Berichte über die Größe der Armee Santa Annas sich bestätigten, konnte General Wool Taylor überzeugen, sich zu einem wenige Kilometer entfernten Ort südlich der Hazienda de Buena Vista zurückzuziehen, der als die "Engstelle" bekannt war. Taylor betraute Wool mit der Truppenaufstellung und kehrte für eine Nacht nach Saltillo zurück, immer noch mehr besorgt um die Sicherheit der Nachschubbasis als um die seiner Armee. Am späten Morgen des 22. Februar fand Taylor bei der Rückkehr eine durch das Gelände begünstigte Defensivstellung vor. Die Straße nach Saltillo war hier ein Hohlweg, der westlich an einer unpassierbaren, tief eingeschnittenen Wasserrinne vorbeiführte und östlich von mehreren Höhenzügen begrenzt wurde, die sich fingerförmig verjüngend über mehrere Kilometer von der Kordillere vorstreckten. Dort vereinigten sich die Finger zu einer Hochebene, auf der Buena Vista lag. Im Hohlweg stand eine Batterie unter John MacRae Washington, die von zwei Regimentern gedeckt wurde, von denen eines auf einem der Höhenrücken stand. Den linken Flügel deckten zwei Linien bis zur Hochebene. Kurz nach seiner Ankunft erhielt Taylor eine Botschaft von Santa Anna, in der ihm dieser die vollständige Vernichtung der Armee vorhersagte, sollte er sich nicht ergeben. Taylor lehnte dies mit knappen Worten ab.

Die Schlacht von Buena Vista begann am frühen Nachmittag. Santa Anna führte einen Ablenkungsangriff auf die Batterie im Hohlweg, der von Washington zurückgeworfen wurde. Als Taylor mitbekam, dass mexikanische Infanterie unter Ampudia seinen linken Flügel auf der Hochebene umfassen wollte, entsandte er Verstärkung dorthin, die im Wesentlichen aus einem berittenen Regiment unter Oberst Humphrey Marshall und einem Schützenbataillon unter Major Willis A. Gorman bestand. Bis zum Abend war der Vormarsch der Mexikaner gestoppt, die sich aber auf der Hochebene halten konnten. Die Nacht verbrachte Taylor, der sich über den kritischen Punkt seiner Stellung immer noch nicht sicher war, erneut in Saltillo. Am Morgen flammten die Kämpfe wieder mit einem mexikanischen Ablenkungsangriff in der "Engstelle" auf, der trotz Artillerieunterstützung zurückgeschlagen wurde. Auf dem linken Flügel Taylors geriet ein unerfahrenes Regiment aus der Indiana-Brigade General Joseph Lanes unter starken Druck durch zwei feindliche Divisionen. Da die Verstärkung durch ein Regiment unter Oberst William Henry Bissell wenige Minuten zu spät eintraf, konnte es nicht mehr gerettet werden. Bissell gelang es schließlich mit Unterstützung weiterer Einheiten, die Linie der Amerikaner parallel zur Straße zu stabilisieren. Taylor schloss einen möglicherweise von Wool vorgeschlagenen Rückzug wegen der Unerfahrenheit der Truppen aus und beruhigte mit seiner Standhaftigkeit den Gefechtsstand. Als die beiden mexikanischen Divisionen unter dem Artilleriefeuer von mittlerweile auf die Hochebene umgruppierten Geschützen wankten, gingen die Regimenter von Bissell, Oberst John J. Hardin und William R. McKee zum Gegenangriff über. Da der Druck auf das Zentrum der Amerikaner so nachließ, entsandte Taylor berittene Kräfte unter Marshall und Oberst Archibald Yell zur Hazienda, die dort eine Kavallerieattacke Torrejóns abwehren konnten.

Santa Anna richtete am Vormittag mit der Division Francisco Pachecos die Offensive wieder gegen den linken Flügel der Amerikaner. Die Stellung dort hielt Davis mit einem Regiment aus Mississippi, das bald durch ein Regiment aus Indiana und die am Morgen verstreuten Einheiten der Brigade Lanes Verstärkung erhielt. Die Einheiten nahmen dort eine umgekehrte V-Formation als Aufstellung ein. Sie ließen den Gegner in den so entstehenden Winkel vordringen, sich auf wenige Dutzend Meter annähern und eröffneten dann zeitgleich das Feuer. Die mexikanische Division brach zusammen und trat ungeordnet die Flucht an, was den Wendepunkt der Schlacht darstellte. Als mexikanische Offiziere aus dieser Division die weiße Flagge zeigten, ordnete Taylor eine Feuerpause an und entsandte Wool, um die Lage zu klären. Die hinter amerikanischen Linien gefangenen Truppenteile Pachecos nutzten diese Gelegenheit zur Flucht. Santa Anna befahl nun allen noch verfügbaren Einheiten, das Zentrum der "Army of Occupation" anzugreifen, das seine Batterien zuvor größtenteils auf den linken Flügel verlegt hatte, um Pachecos Attacke zu begegnen. Taylor wiederum nahm an, dass die mexikanische Armee sich zurückzog, und ließ die zentralen Linien vorrücken. Dadurch trafen die beiden Angriffsformationen aufeinander, was zu einem unübersichtlichen Gefecht führte, das die hinzueilenden Batterien der Hauptleute Braxton Bragg und Thomas W. Sherman durch Kartätschen entschieden. Nach diesem weiteren Rückschlag zogen sich die Mexikaner zurück und stellten die Kampfhandlungen ein. Taylors Armee hatte am Ende des Tages knapp 700 Mann verloren; unter den Gefallenen waren der Sohn Henry Clays und Yell. Den Sieg verdankten sie vor allem den raschen Truppenverschiebungen auf ihren inneren Gefechtslinien und der Zeit, die notwendigerweise Santa Anna zwischen den unterschiedlichen Angriffsschlägen für die Massierung seiner Truppen brauchte. Bei Tagesanbruch fanden Taylor und Wool zu ihrer Erleichterung das Feldlager Santa Annas verlassen; die mexikanische Armee hatte knapp 3500 Mann verloren und sich über Nacht zurückgezogen. Zuhause machte Taylors Sieg in diesem David gegen Goliat-Gefecht aus ihm über Nacht einen Nationalheld. Mit diesem Prestige geriet er auf einen nicht mehr aufzuhaltenden politischen Erfolgskurs.

Die Schwächung der Truppen Santa Annas in dieser Schlacht gab dem amerikanischen Feldzug im Süden weiter Auftrieb und führte letztlich das Ende des Krieges herbei.

Literatur
 John S. D. Eisenhower: Zachary Taylor (= The American Presidents Series. Hrsg. von Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sean Wilentz. The 12th President). Times Books, New York City 2008, ISBN 978-0-8050-8237-1, S. 62–72 (= 7. Buena Vista).
 K. Jack Bauer: Zachary Taylor: Soldier, planter, statesman of the old Southwest. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 1985, ISBN 0-8071-1237-2, S. 186–214 (= Kapitel X: Buena Vista).

Weblinks

 Kurzfassung der Vorgänge (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Buena Vista
Konflikt 1847
Coahuila
Zachary Taylor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia