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Home Our Work Our Publications 2018 NJJN Member Youth Justice Advances
2018 NJJN Member Youth Justice Advances
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In 2018, NJJN members and allies across the nation were extremely successful in their efforts to transform our state youth justice systems with a multitude of policy advances. On the federal level, Congress passed H.R. 6964, reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), with overwhelming bipartisan support. Years in the making, this new law strengthens the JJDPA's core protections for youth and makes other significant improvements that reflect new youth justice developments since it was last reauthorized in 2002. The reauthorization is especially needed during this time when the Office of the United States Attorney General and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) took numerous actions that were harmful to our youth and communities, including rescinding OJJDP guidance on critical issues, loosening compliance standards for reducing racial and ethnic disparities, and issuing grant solicitations (now being challenged in the courts) that give a preference to applicants willing to collaborate with federal immigration authorities.
Despite this challenging climate, our members and allies successfully advanced many vital youth justice reforms. In this snapshot, we highlight a sampling of primarily legislative initiatives that were pursued by our NJJN community and were signed into law in 2018.
While advances were made in many areas, there are a few trends worth noting. One of the biggest areas of movement was in addressing the adultification of youth. Missouri raised the age of juvenile court jurisdiction from 17 to 18-years-old, leaving only four states left in the country that continue to prosecute all 17-year-olds as adults regardless of their offense (GA, MI, TX, WI). Several states imposed limitations on the transfer of youth to adult court (CA, DE, RI, TN, WA); California's law went the furthest by ending the transfer of youth under age 16 to adult court for any offense. Indiana expanded data collection on youth being tried as adults and Vermont created a pathway back to juvenile court for certain youth.
For those youth in adult facilities, several states passed laws either removing youth from adult jails or addressing the conditions in which they are held (CA, DE, TN, VA). Delaware specifically prohibited youth being tried for an adult offense from being held in an adult facility pre-trial, which is in keeping with the new requirements in the reauthorized JJDPA.
Another significant trend was in addressing those school and justice policies that serve to pull youth of color out of schools and into the justice system (CA, DC, IN, MA, SC, VA). South Carolina repealed the "disturbing schools" offense, which was having a disproportionate impact on students of color and served as a major mechanism for funneling students into the school-to-prison pipeline, and Massachusetts similarly decriminalized public order offenses by students in school. Additional school legislation reforms included bills reducing suspension and/or expulsion (DC, IN, VA); limiting the roles of SROs (MA); truancy reforms (VA); and limiting the use of restraints/seclusion (CA).
Several states enhanced diversion possibilities for youth. California established a Youth Reinvestment Grant Program to help local jurisdictions implement diversion programs in underserved communities; Delaware continued a pilot pre-arrest civil citation program; Florida expanded their pre-arrest diversion statute; Massachusetts authorized judges to divert youth prior to arraignment; and Washington broadened the types of cases eligible for diversion and strengthened the network of community providers.
Other trends worth noting include: raising the lower age of juvenile court jurisdiction to 12-years-old (CA, MA); sentencing reform legislation (CA, DE, LA, MA, VA); the Washington State Supreme Court decision ending juvenile life without parole; movement in addressing emerging adults (AZ, DC, VT, WA); ending the indiscriminate shackling of youth in juvenile court (LA, MA); limiting solitary confinement of youth (MA, WI); and funding local programs for youth (CA, MD).
In this document, we have organized our partial list of 2018 youth justice advances according to topic. Note that for those bills that covered more than one subject matter category, we put the bill under each subject category to which it was related.
Closing Youth Prisons
Governor Dannel P. Malloy closed the Connecticut Juvenile Training School (CJTS) – Connecticut's last large, youth prison in the youth justice system – in April 2018. CJTS was a high security prison-like facility that originally opened in 2001, costing $57 million in taxpayer money to build and millions more in annual costs to operate. It housed male youth between the ages of 12 to 20-years-old and was built with the capacity to house over 200 youth.
NJJN Member: Connecticut Juvenile Justice Alliance
NJJN Ally: Youth First Initiative
In January, 2018, Governor Chris Christie announced the closure of two state youth prisons: the Female Secure Care and Intake Facility, known as Hayes, and the New Jersey Training School for Boys, known as Jamesburg, six months after advocates launched "150 Years is Enough," a campaign to close Jamesburg and Hayes and invest in the creation of a community-based system of care. Jamesburg was the largest youth prison for boys and Hayes was the state's youth prison for girls. However, no plan is currently in place to effectuate the closure of these prisons. On October 26, 2018, Governor Murphy issued Executive Order 42 announcing the official formation of the Task Force for the Continued Transformation of Youth Justice in New Jersey. The Task Force is responsible for providing recommendations on strategies and actions to continue the reform of New Jersey's Youth Justice System.
NJJN Members: New Jersey Institute for Social Justice and New Jersey Parents' Caucus, members of the Youth Justice New Jersey Coalition
Comprehensive System Improvement
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that includes the following: raises the lower age of juvenile jurisdiction from age 7 to 12-years-old; decriminalizes public order offenses by students in schools and limits the roles of SROs to public safety and not school discipline; allows limited expungement of non-violent offenses committed prior to age 21 for individuals with only one previous court case; creates a legal parent-child privilege so minor children can speak freely to their parents; gives judges authority to divert youth prior to arraignment; codifies the juvenile court's policy banning the indiscriminate shackling of youth in court; codifies the Dept. of Youth Services' policy significantly limiting the solitary confinement of children; decriminalizes violations of local ordinances by youth; raises the felony threshold from $250 to $1200; prohibits the secure detention of foster children merely because there is no other placement for them; eliminates attorney fees for all youth; and allows restorative justice programming to be available to juvenile and adult defendants pre-arraignment.
NJJN Member: Citizens for Juvenile Justice
Confinement and Detention
HB 339 prohibits youth who are being tried for an adult offense from being held in an adult facility pre-trial. They may be transferred to the Department of Corrections only after adjudication and the imposition of a sentence of incarceration.
NJJN Member: Delaware Center for Justice
Illinois (Cook County)
Cook County enacted an ordinance preventing the detention of youth under the age of 13-years-old. This ordinance states that "placement of a minor away from his or her home must be the last resort and be the least restrictive alternative available." In rare cases, if a youth must be removed from the home, Cook County can utilize 24/7 emergency services. This ordinance is in line with research by the American Pediatric Association stating that childhood detention has long lasting negative consequences.
NJJN Member: Juvenile Justice Initiative
SB 106 clarifies how and when children are entitled to post-dispositional hearings, in order to ensure children are released from confinement as soon as possible and that they are getting the review hearings to which they are entitled. This bill updates the 2016 legislation which created mandatory hearings after nine months in confinement, at which the child would be released unless the courts intervene.
NJJN Members: Louisiana Center for Children's Rights, Families and Friends of Louisiana's Incarcerated Children, and Southern Poverty Law Center - Louisiana
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included prohibiting the secure detention of foster children, a provision intended to prevent foster youth from being securely detained merely because there is no other placement for them.
LB 670 significantly restricts juvenile detention by prohibiting it for all children aged 12 or younger and prohibiting it for minors of any age for any of the following reasons: to allow a parent or guardian to avoid their legal responsibility; for punishment, treatment, or rehabilitation; for more convenient access to the youth; to facilitate further interrogation or investigation; or due to lack of a more appropriate facility. The court cannot detain a young person unless they pose a serious threat to the physical safety of community members or it is necessary to secure their presence at the next hearing, as evidenced by willful failure to appear at a scheduled court hearing within the last twelve months. The law will go into effect July 1, 2019.
NJJN Member: Voices for Children in Nebraska
NJJN Ally: Annie E. Casey, Foundation – Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI)
AB 1812 established a Youth Reinvestment Grant Program within the Board of State and Community Corrections which local jurisdictions access through a competitive grant process. The grant program funds evidence-based, trauma-informed, culturally relevant, and developmentally appropriate diversion programs in underserved communities with high rates of youth arrests and high rates of racial/ethnic disproportionality within those arrests. Three percent of the funds must be allocated to Native American tribes for implementing diversion programs for Native children. The legislature appropriated $37.3 million dollars for this grant program.
NJJN Member: Youth Justice Coalition, California Alliance for Youth and Community Justice (CAYCJ)
NJJN Ally: W. Haywood Burns Institute
HB 308 continues a pilot youth civil citation program that was set to expire later this year. It provides law enforcement with a civil citation procedure as an alternative to arrest for youth who are charged with first-time, minor misdemeanor offenses.
SB 1392 made significant and meaningful changes to the existing juvenile pre-arrest diversion statute. The legislation requires each judicial circuit to adopt a circuit-wide, juvenile pre-arrest diversion program. The program must be created by agreement among the state's attorney and public defender, clerks of the court for each county in the circuit, and representatives of participating law enforcement agencies in the circuit. Other changes include the following: removes statutory restrictions on eligibility and the requirement that youth admit to the offenses; removes the cap on the number of times a youth may be diverted before arrest; and adds data reporting requirements which include data on demographics, offense details, and justification for the arrest of eligible youth.
NJJN Member: Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Florida
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included giving judges authority to divert youth prior to arraignment.
SB 6550 encourages diversion of youth from the juvenile justice system by broadening the types of cases eligible for diversion and strengthening the network of community-based providers, which now includes restorative justice programs. The law explicitly encourages prosecutors to divert youth cases whenever possible. S. 6550 allows for the diversion of youth for second degree assault and robbery, offenses that had been excluded in the past. A major aim of the law is to ensure that youth can receive supportive services closer to home and without the stigma of court involvement. The law also requires the destruction and sealing of records upon the completion of diversion agreements.
NJJN Member: TeamChild
Emerging Adults
HB 2356 extends the juvenile court's jurisdiction from age 18 to 19-years-old for certain youth adjudicated delinquent at the age of 17. Previously, the county attorney was prosecuting hundreds of 17-year-old youth as adults because of their belief that there was inadequate time to address the service needs of these youth and hold them sufficiently accountable in the youth justice system.
NJJN Member: Children's Action Alliance
B22-0451 expands and strengthens the District of Columbia's youthful offender law, which was originally passed in 1985 to help emerging adults convicted of certain eligible crimes move forward without a criminal record. Pursuant to the new law, judges will decide whether emerging adults (ages 18-25-years-old) can have their conviction set aside upon sentence completion, rather than conviction, which may allow more emerging adults to be eligible. The bill also changed eligibility for the "set aside" to the age of the person at the time of the offense, rather than at sentencing, and raised the age eligibility from 22 to 24-years-old, making more emerging adults eligible. Finally, the bill requires the mayor to develop rehabilitative programming for emerging adults and expand diversion policies.
NJJN Member: Youth Justice Project, convened by NJJN member Georgetown Law Juvenile Justice Clinic & Initiative
S. 234 puts Vermont in line to become the first state to raise the age of juvenile court jurisdiction to 20 years old. Pursuant to the new law, Vermont will study whether appropriate funding and supports are in place to implement expansion of juvenile court jurisdiction in accordance with the following timeline: raising the age of juvenile court jurisdiction to youth under the age of 19 by 2020; then raising the age to youth under the age of 20 by 2022. Timelines are in place to introduce legislation to amend the timeline for the rollout of this expansion if needed. In both cases, the expansion does not apply to certain violent offenses, including murder and armed robbery.
NJJN Ally: Campaign for Youth Justice
SB 6160 reduces the types of offenses for which youth aged 16 and 17-years-old are subject to automatic transfer to adult court and provides that a juvenile court can retain jurisdiction over a youth until they are 25-years-old for certain offenses. It does, however, enhance the sentence for some offenses, such as committing an offense with a firearm and gang involvement. The law requires that the Washington Institute for Public Policy assess its impact on community safety, racial disproportionality, recidivism, cost and youth rehabilitation and issue a preliminary report in December 2023, and a final report by December 2031.
NJJN Member: Nick Allen, Youth Justice Leadership Institute (YJLI) Alum, Columbia Legal Services
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms including limited expungement of non-violent offenses committed prior to age 21 for individuals with only one previous court case.
California (Los Angeles)
The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved a motion to stop collecting old fees that had been charged to families for incarcerating their youth in the delinquency system. In 2009, the Probation Department stopped collecting new fees but continued to collect payment of old fees. Through this motion, the Probation Department is directed to cancel nearly $90 million in juvenile detention fee debt.
NJJN Member: Youth Justice Coalition
Louisiana (New Orleans)
The New Orleans Parish Juvenile Court adopted a resolution to stop charging administrative fees to families with children in the youth justice system. In support of the resolution, the court cited research that these fees undermine the system's rehabilitative and public safety goals and net little revenue.
NJJN Members: Louisiana Center for Children's Rights (LACCR), Families and Friends of Louisiana's Incarcerated Children (FFLIC) in conjunction with the Berkeley Law Policy Advocacy Clinic, and Southern Poverty Law Center - Louisiana
Funding Local Programs
AB 1812 established a Youth Reinvestment Grant Program within the Board of State and Community Corrections which local jurisdictions access through a competitive grant process. The grant program is for implementing evidence-based, trauma-informed, culturally relevant, and developmentally appropriate diversion programs in under-served communities with high rates of juvenile arrests and high rates of racial/ethnic disproportionality within those juvenile arrests. Three percent of the funds must be allocated to Native American tribes for implementing diversion programs for Native children. The legislature appropriated $37.3 million dollars for this grant program.
SB 545/HB 432 created the Maryland Violence Intervention and Prevention Program Fund to support effective violence reduction strategies by providing competitive grants to local governments and nonprofit organizations to fund evidence-based programs, with the funding authorized at up to $10,000,000 to the Fund.
NJJN Member: Advocates for Children and Youth
LB 670 affirms that state court judges have the jurisdiction and authority to make Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) predicate findings, which can be used to help a youthful immigrant gain legal status. These are factual findings that can be made by any court with jurisdiction over a minor, including a delinquency court, regarding abused, abandoned, and/or neglected children and whether it is in the best interest of the child to be removed from the United States. The bill authorizes a party to the proceeding to request that SIJ predicate findings be made, authorizes state courts to issue such an order on their own initiative, and requires the court to make those findings where there is sufficient evidence to support it.
Juvenile Court Jurisdiction
Senate Bill 439 raises the lower age of juvenile court jurisdiction to 12-years-old, ending the prosecution of children under the age of 12 in California, except for charges of murder and forcible rape, beginning in 2020. Each year in California nearly 700 children between the ages of 5 to 11-years-old are arrested and referred to juvenile court. With the passage of SB 439, this will no longer be the norm.
NJJN Members: Anti-Recidivism Coalition (ARC), California Alliance for Youth and Community Justice (CAYCJ), and Youth Justice Coalition (YJC)
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included raising the lower age of juvenile jurisdiction from age 7 to 12-years-old.
Juvenile Indigent Defense
The Illinois General Assembly created and funded the Illinois Juvenile Defender Resource Center, which will provide support to juvenile defenders and study and implement model systems for the delivery of juvenile defender services in Illinois. It opened in September 2018 and is a division of the Illinois Office of the State Public Defender.
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included eliminating attorney fees for all youth.
Juvenile Life Without Parole
In State of Washington vs. Brian Basset, the Washington State Supreme Court ruled that sentencing children to life without parole is unconstitutional. Washington became the 21st state, plus the District of Columbia, to ban the sentencing of children to life without parole.
NJJN Allies: Juvenile Law Center; Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth
HB 2271/ SB 2261 provides an annual $4 million investment in mental health programs for youth, reserved for youth in rural areas.
Parent-Child Privilege
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included the creation of a legal parent-child privilege so minor children can speak freely to their parents.
Police Transparency
SB 1421 dramatically increases public access to law enforcement personnel records. It will require disclosure of law enforcement personnel records and information relating to the following types of incidents: discharge of a firearm at a person; use of force that results in death or great bodily injury; cases of proven sexual assault against civilians; and cases of proven dishonesty related to the reporting, investigation, and prosecution of crimes, including perjury and destroying evidence. Access to records of how departments handle these critical incidents will allow the public to make informed judgements about whether existing processes and infrastructures are adequate. To account for privacy or safety interests, SB 1421 permits redaction of or withholding these records in a variety of circumstances, such as to remove personal data or information or if there is a risk or danger to an officer or someone else.
Racial and Ethnic Fairness
LB 670 adds as a requirement for participation in the Commission Grant Program or the Community-based Juvenile Services Aid Program, that the data an applicant presents as part of the comprehensive juvenile services plan must include an examination of disproportionate minority contact in order to identify prevention efforts and system improvement efforts to reduce the disproportionate number of non-white youth of who come into contact with the youth justice system.
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included allowing restorative justice programming to be available to juvenile and adult defendants pre-arraignment.
SB 6550 encourages diversion of youth from the juvenile justice system by broadening the types of cases eligible for diversion and strengthening the network of community-based providers, which now includes restorative justice programs. The law explicitly encourages prosecutors to divert youth cases whenever possible. A major aim of the law is to ensure that youth can receive supportive services closer to home and without the stigma of court involvement. The law also requires the destruction and sealing of records upon the completion of diversion agreements.
AB 2657 limits the use of restraint and seclusion in schools. It also requires schools to collect data annually on the use of restraints and seclusion and report it to the State Department of Education.
NJJN Member: Anthony DiMartino, Youth Justice Leadership Institute (YJLI) Alum, Legislative Director for Assembly Member Weber
The Student Fair Access to School Amendment Act of 2018 (Law 22-057) enacts uniform school discipline reforms that apply to both public and charter schools. The Act sets limits on schools' use of suspensions, expulsions, and involuntary transfers as disciplinary consequences. Other reforms include right to a due process hearing for shorter suspensions; improved disability protections; outlaws extended suspensions due to parental failure to come to school to attend various meetings; fosters reform in school climate and discipline policies; and creates additional supports to promote trauma-informed educational settings.
NJJN Member: Every Student Every Day Coalition, co-convened by NJJN member Georgetown Law Juvenile Justice Clinic & Initiative
In Brown v. District of Columbia,[1] the United States District Court for the District of Columbia held that the District of Columbia is required to provide special education and related services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to eligible District residents convicted of DC Code Offenses and incarcerated in a Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) facility. This is the first time that a federal court has held that DC or any state remains responsible for providing IDEA services to its residents who are in federal custody. Note that the District of Columbia has filed a motion for reconsideration of the judge's ruling and plaintiffs have cross-filed motions for summary judgement, all of which are pending as of April 2019.
HB 1421 requires the Department of Education (DOE) to produce a model plan that would reduce out of school suspensions and school based arrests and provide technical assistance to schools that request assistance. It also requires the DOE to conduct a survey of schools to measure the extent to which positive school discipline and restorative justice practices are being used.
NJJN Member: Children's Law and Policy Initiative of Indiana
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included decriminalizing public order offenses by students in schools and limiting the roles of SROs to public safety, rather than school discipline.
SB 131 repeals the offense of "disturbing schools" for students in South Carolina, a vague law which had served to criminalize student actions such as talking too loudly or talking back to teachers or school police. The "disturbing schools" law had a disproportionate impact on students of color and its repeal will eliminate a major mechanism for funneling students into the school-to-prison pipeline. The language of the bill also states the legislature's intent that schools exhaust all avenues of behavioral discipline before contacting law enforcement.
NJJN Member: ACLU of South Carolina
SB 170 dramatically curbs suspensions and expulsions of children in grades pre-K through third grade by capping most suspensions of these children at no more than three days and prohibiting expulsions, except for drug and firearm offenses.
NJJN Member: Legal Aid Justice Center
HB1600 narrows the length of most long-term suspensions to a period of 11-45 days, down from its current span of 11-364 days, in an effort to reduce school pushout.
SB841/HB1485 made several changes to Virginia's truancy statute, most significantly it makes referrals to court by the school for truancy (after six absences) discretionary rather than mandatory, and the legislation also places more requirements on schools to address truancy with wraparound services rather than simply referring youth to court.
SB 1437 reforms the state's felony murder rule to amend its accomplice liability, giving much needed relief to people who are serving disproportionately long sentences for homicides for which they were not directly responsible. Under the new law, a person can only be convicted of murder if they committed the act or "aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, solicited, requested, or assisted" in the commission of the act. The new law is retroactive and creates a pathway to resentencing for hundreds of convicted prisoners.
HB 307 repeals and removes all mandatory-minimum sentences for youth adjudicated delinquent in Family Court. Family Court judges can still commit youth to a secure placement but now have the discretion to determine the most appropriate disposition for a particular youth.
SB 102 rolled back mandatory sentencing in the juvenile justice system. It removed a prohibition on judicial review and early release for youth committed to state custody for the most serious offenses, after they have served a certain proportion of their disposition.
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included decriminalizing violations of local ordinances by youth and raising the felony threshold from $250 to $1200.
SB105/HB1550 raised the grand larceny threshold from $200 to $500. This means that theft or fraud involving anything valued at less than $500 would be a Class 1 misdemeanor rather than a felony, as it is now. Youth will be a big beneficiary of this change as in 2018 felony larceny complaints were 34% of all felony juvenile complaints, larceny was the most common offense resulting in commitment, and between 2010 and 2017, it was the third most common charge for which youth were convicted in adult Circuit Court in Virginia, behind robbery and assault.
Shackling
HB 187 prohibits the use of restraints on youth during juvenile court proceedings, unless the court finds that restraints are necessary because the youth presents a particularized risk of harm to themselves or others or a substantial risk of flight from the courtroom, and there are no less restrictive alternatives. The youth's attorney must be given an opportunity to be heard and object on the record.
NJJN Members: Louisiana Center for Children's Rights (LACCR), Families and Friends of Louisiana's Incarcerated Children (FFLIC), and Southern Poverty Law Center - Louisiana
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included codifying the juvenile court's policy banning the indiscriminate shackling of youth in court.
Solitary Confinement/Room Confinement/Isolation
S. 2371 enacted a comprehensive package of youth justice reforms that included codifying the Dept. of Youth Services' policy significantly limiting the solitary confinement of children.
In J.J. v. Litscher, Juvenile Law Center, with co-counsel ACLU of Wisconsin and Quarles & Brady, LLP, filed a federal civil rights class action lawsuit in 2017 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin against the Wisconsin juvenile corrections officials and administrators of the Lincoln Hills School for Boys and the Copper Lake School for Girls, for their excessive use of solitary confinement, restraints, and pepper spray on youth. On June 1, 2018, the State of Wisconsin agreed to settle the lawsuit with key settlement terms including: fully eliminating punitive solitary confinement within 10 months; fully eliminating the use of pepper spray within 12 months; strictly limiting the use of all forms of mechanical restraints; and prohibiting strip searches without individualized probable cause.
NJJN Allies: Juvenile Law Center; YouthFirst
AB 1639 prohibits the California Victim Compensation Board from denying an application made to the California Victim Compensation Program solely because of the victim's or victim's family member's connection or suspected connection with a gang, or a victim's or victim's family member's immigration status. The legislature found that families were often being denied victim's compensation based on alleged gang affiliation or immigration status of the victim. They further found that this exclusion was increasing victimization rather than healing the state's most vulnerable residents and communities.
Youth in the Adult System
HB 1228 requires the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute to expand the data they collect on youth statutorily excluded from juvenile court or transferred from juvenile court to adult court. Previously required to track these youth by age and offense, the demographic data they will now be required to collect will include age, gender, race, county of prosecution, offenses charged, convictions received, and sentence received, and they must publish it annually.
Jail Removal and Conditions
AB 1812 requires the Division of Juvenile Facilities to establish and operate a 7-year pilot program for transition-age youth. On or after January 1, 2019, the program would divert specified transition-aged youth from adult prison to a juvenile facility to provide developmentally appropriate rehabilitative programming designed for transition-age youth with the goal of improving outcomes and reducing recidivism. The bill would require the department to develop program placement criteria and to initially target youth sentenced by a superior court who committed a specified crime when under 18 years of age and whose period of incarceration would be completed on or before their 25th birthday. The bill would require the division to contract with various entities to evaluate the effects of participation in the program.
SB 1575 allows sheriffs, committing courts, and circuit or criminal court judges upon application of the sheriff, to move a youth that is held in an adult jail to the nearest sufficient jail or juvenile detention facility for their safekeeping. They can no longer move youth to an adult prison.
NJJN Member: Just City Memphis
SB 52/HB 35 requires that youth transferred to adult court and ordered held pretrial in an adult jail or detention facility must be held sight and sound separated from adults; this was not previously required. The facility the youth are held in must also be approved by the State Board of Corrections for the detention of youth.
Pathways Back to Juvenile Court
S. 234 creates an opportunity for youth charged with specific serious offenses under section 5204 to be moved, or "reverse waived" back to juvenile court.
Raising the Age
SB 793 raised the age for automatically trying youth as adults from 17 to 18-years-old; it goes into effect January 1, 2021. All youth under 18-years-old will start in juvenile court and may only be transferred at the discretion of a juvenile court judge who must consider numerous factors specified in the legislation and detail this information in a written report.
NJJN Member: Metropolitan Congregations United
Transfer/Waiver/Statutory Exclusion – Mechanisms for Trying Youth in Adult Court
SB 1391 ends the transfer of youth under age 16 to adult court for any offense, unless the individual was not apprehended prior to the end of juvenile court jurisdiction. Youth impacted by California's decision to transfer youth under the age of 16 to adult court were instrumental in passing SB 1391. Because of the hard work of these young people, SB 1391 helps to restore a more sensible balance to CA law by recognizing that younger youth should not be handled in the adult system.
NJJN Allies: W. Haywood Burns Institute, Campaign for Youth Justice
HB 306 raises the age at which a youth can be transferred to adult court for possession of a firearm during commission of a felony from 15 to 16-years-old and no longer makes this offense an automatic transfer to adult court. Instead, it is up to a judge's discretion whether to transfer such youth following an evidentiary hearing where the Superior Court finds proof positive or presumption great that the accused used, displayed, or discharged a firearm. The Attorney General may elect to proceed in Family Court.
SB 2458 ends the automatic transfer of 17-year-olds to adult court, which had been mandated in cases of murder, first degree assault, first degree child molestation or assault with intent to commit murder.
NJJN Member: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT
HB 2271/ SB 2261 imposed limitations on transferring youth to adult court. For youth under 14-years-old, the new law limits the offenses for which the court can transfer youth to adult court from several felony offenses to only criminal homicide or attempted criminal homicide. The new law also limits transfers to adult court for children aged 14 and older to specified serious felony offenses instead of allowing transfers for any offense.
SB 6160 reduces the types of offenses for which youth aged 16 and 17-years-old are subject to automatic transfer to adult court and provides that a juvenile court can retain jurisdiction over a youth until they are 25-years-old for certain offenses. It does, however, enhance the sentence for some of these offenses, such as committing an offense with a firearm and gang involvement. The law requires that the Washington Institute for Public Policy assess its impact on community safety, racial disproportionality, recidivism, cost and youth rehabilitation and issue a preliminary report in December 2023, and a final report by December 2031.
[1] Brown v. District of Columbia, 324 F. Supp.3d 154 (2018).
Guidelines for Inclusiveness
Youth Justice and Anti-Racism
Policy Platforms
Advances in Juvenile Justice Reform
Confidentiality and Expungement
Crime Victims / Crime Survivors
Diverting Youth from the Justice System
Education for Youth in Facilities - Resources
Models for Change Publications
Partnering with Families and Youth
Public Attitudes about Youth and Crime (Opinion Polls)
Public Registries for Youth Who Commit Sex Offenses and Others
Racial & Ethnic Disparities
Rightsizing Juvenile Justice
Why the Institute is Needed
How the Youth Justice Leadership Institute Works
Learn More about the Fellows
Become a Youth Justice Leadership Institute Fellow
Fiscal Policy Center
Juvenile Justice Resource Hub
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Award for Leadership in Juvenile Justice Reform
Beth Arnovits Gutsy Advocate for Youth Award
Young Justice Leader Award
Story of Justice Media Award
Award for Lifetime Leadership in Youth Justice Reform
Emerging Leader Award


The Peranakan Museum explores the culture of Peranakan communities in Southeast Asia. Installed in the former Tao Nan Chinese School, built in 1912, the museum possesses one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of Peranakan objects. Galleries across three floors illustrate the cultural traditions and distinctive visual arts of the Peranakans.
The Peranakan Museum provides a stimulating and educational experience for all while representing the living culture of the Peranakan community in the region.


Tolo News: Concerned about reports of Afghanistan issuing passports to people from other countries, India has moved to tighten visa controls for Afghans, said the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Salahuddin Rabbani. Rabbani was summoned by the Meshrano Jirga (Upper House of Parliament) on Sunday to explain the issue of visa restrictions by India and the United Arab Emirates for Afghans. Click here to read more (external link).


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Коссе-Брисса́ки () — старинный французский дворянский род.

Первоначально назывался Коссе и принявший фамилию Бриссак по одному из своих поместий в Анжу́. Из членов этой фамилии приобрели известность:
 Шарль де Коссе, 1 граф де Бриссак (1505—1563), маршал Франции с 1550 г., губернатор Пикардии (1559), губернатор Парижа (1562) и губернатор Нормандии (1563); граф де Бриссак с 1560 года.
 его брат, Артюр де Коссе (1512—1582), граф де Сегондиньи, известный под именем барона де Гоннора.
 Тимолеон де Коссе, 2 граф де Бриссак (1543—1569), сын Шарля де Коссе, воспитывался вместе с королём Карлом IX, сражался в королевских войсках против гугенотов и в 1565 г. отправился на остров Мальту — сражаться против турок. Пал при осаде Мюсидана, в Перигоре.
 Шарль II де Коссе (1550—1621), 1 герцог де Бриссак, 3 граф де Бриссак, его брат, во время религиозных войн держал сторону герцога Гиза и особенно выдвинулся при происходивших в Париже беспорядках. Он был назначен губернатором Парижа, но сдал город Генриху IV, который произвел его за это в маршалы Франции, а позже и в герцоги де Бриссак в 1611 году.

Когда последний герцог де Бриссак, Луи Эркюль Тимолеон де Коссе (1734—1792), занимавший должность парижского губернатора, был убит в Версале, титул герцога и звание пэра перешли в 1814 к боковой линии герцогов де Коссе, которые с тех пор стали именоваться герцогами де Коссе-Бриссак. Кроме герцогской линии, есть ещё боковые линии де Бриссак, носящие титулы графов и маркизов.

См. также
 Бриссак (замок)

Литература

Дворянские роды по алфавиту
Дворянские роды, на гербах которых изображены лилии

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text:
Richard E. Kühn, III, Esquire is an attorney Admitted to Practice Law in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island and the Supreme Court of the United States of America.
Call 774-955-0808 (MA)
401-388-0412 (RI)
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Fall River Eviction Lawyers | Kuhn Law
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Rhode Island Probate Lawyer:
Probate is the process by which a deceased person's property and affairs are dealt with. Probate is necessary to pass property from the decedent to others, to satisfy any debts or obligations of the decedent, to protect the personal property of the decedent from being mishandled, misplaced, or misappropriated.
In Rhode Island, there is a Probate Court in each town (as distinguished from Massachusetts).
Because each Probate Court in Rhode Island is a municipal court, the rules of each may vary, and it is important to determine what local rules may apply. Note however that the substantive law is not different from town to town; it is the law of the State of Rhode Island.
A person who passes away without a Will is said to have passed "Intestate" while a person who passes away with a Will is said to have passed "Testate." A person who passes away with a valid Will was historically referred to as a Testator if male, or a Testatrix if female.
A valid Will in Rhode Island will name a person known as an "Executor" to handle the Probate process and manage the affairs of the decedent. An Executor (in Massachusetts called a "Personal Representative") has a great deal of responsibility, and what is called a "fiduciary duty" to the estate. The Executor is responsible for determining to whom the property of the decedent should go to, to wind up any pending legal actions in court on behalf of the decedent, and to pay the decedent's creditors, among other things.
An Estate must remain open for six months in the State of Rhode Island, which is in order to allow creditors sufficient time to file any claims that they may have against the decedent's estate.. It should be noted that closing the estate will take considerably longer.
Some property does not pass through Probate. For instance, remainder interests in real estate do not always pass through probate where the decedent held a "life estate" in the premises, life insurance does not pass through probate (because it is based upon a contract), as well as other things.
If you require assistance in Rhode Island Probate Court, call us for a free consultation. Our Rhode Island Probate Lawyers will provide you with the care and attentiveness that you should receive in your probate matter. Call now: 401-388-0412
Name Changes in Rhode Island
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© 2018 by the Law Office of Richard E. Kühn, III
The information contained on this website is not legal advice, but rather general information. Legal advice should only be relied on when given in the course of an attorney-client relationship, after your attorney has all of the facts of your case.
*Please note that the Rhode Island Supreme Court and the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court license all lawyers in the general practice of law. No lawyer is certified as a specialist in any particular field of practice.

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I have on occasions acted for clients who have developed chronic headaches following an accident. I currently act for two such clients. In both cases the headaches are so persistent and severe that both have been unable to return to work. One recently told me that when his headaches are at their worst, he just wants to "curl up and die" and some years ago a client suffering chronic headaches attempted suicide.
Both of my current clients have excellent employment records and have no prior history of chronic headache or migraine. In fact, before their accidents, both were well below average attendees at their GP surgeries.
Despite these similarities, the accidents in which they were involved were very different. One suffered direct trauma to his head when he was struck by a heavy metal sign. The other, whilst driving, was struck from behind by another car.
Sadly, cases of chronic headache are inevitably met with a considerable level of scepticism by the insurance industry and obtaining funding for treatment is often a battle. Strong neurological evidence on causation is required and there are relatively few consultant neurologists with the necessary level of clinical experience in chronic headache. The treatment can also also be expensive. This is because treatment requires a multi-disciplinary approach over many weeks or months. Depending upon the nature of their symptoms, sufferers may be treated with a combination of (but not limited to) medication, occipital nerve injections, acupuncture and psychological therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
With a number of treatment professionals likely to be involved, it is vital that the course of treatment is coordinated by a consultant neurologist with a special interest in headache. As mentioned above, there are relatively few such individuals, but consultants such as Dr Manjit Matharu in London and Dr Nicola Giffin in Bath, have excellent track records in treating chronic headaches.
Both of my clients with the condition are currently undergoing treatment privately, funded by way of interim payments from the other party. In both cases, progress is slow but steady and the outlook for the future in each case is quietly positive.


2. The angle of elevation of the summit of a hill the top and bottom of a nearby pole are 300 and 600 respectively. If the height of the pole is h, find the height of the hill.
3. A larger cube of certain side is divided into smaller cubes of side 5 cm. If the ratio of the surface area of larger cube to the sum of the surface area of the smaller cubes 1: 2. Find the length of side of the larger cube.
4. Find the value of 1 – 2 sin2 θ + sin4 θ.
5. Amar is 3 times faster than suman. Suman can complete a work in 15 days. If they work together then how long the work will complete?
6. A certain amount of money triples itself in 5 years at simple interest per annum. Find the rate of interest of the amount?
x-1 = 5 + 2√6.
8. If in Company A, 45% of employees are females in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Then find the ratio of total males of company A in the same years?
9. What is the average of total workers of Company B between 2012 and 2015?
10. If in the year 2017, number of employees in company A and B were increased 30% and 40% respectively with respect to previous year. Then the total employees worked in the both the companies in 2017 are?
2) The angle of elevation of the summit of a hill the top and bottom of a nearby pole are 300 and 600 respectively. If the height of the pole is h, find the height of the hill.
3) A larger cube of certain side is divided into smaller cubes of side 5 cm. If the ratio of the surface area of larger cube to the sum of the surface area of the smaller cubes 1: 2. Find the length of side of the larger cube.
4) Find the value of 1 – 2 sin2 θ + sin4 θ.
5) Amar is 3 times faster than suman. Suman can complete a work in 15 days. If they work together then how long the work will complete?
6) A certain amount of money triples itself in 5 years at simple interest per annum. Find the rate of interest of the amount?
Direction (8 – 10): Read the instruction carefully and answer the questions.
8) If in Company A, 45% of employees are females in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Then find the ratio of total males of company A in the same years?
9) What is the average of total workers of Company B between 2012 and 2015?
10) If in the year 2017, number of employees in company A and B were increased 30% and 40% respectively with respect to previous year. Then the total employees worked in the both the companies in 2017 are?


text:
Q: JPA class Person with field children I have a database entity Person with these fields:

*

*id

*father

*mother

And that I need create the JPA Entity class with field children.
Something like this:
@Entity
public class Person implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "father")
    private Integer fatherID;

    @Column(name = "mother")
    private Integer motherID;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "fatherId")
    private List<Person> children;
    }

But problem is that I need to determine mother also in mappedBy attribute. The result might look like:
SELECT * FROM person WHERE father = id OR mother = id

Can somebody help me with this issue? Is this task possible at all using JPA?

A: You can't have "mappedBy" to a non-object type (since that is not a bidirectional relation). You have to have "mother" and "father" fields of type Person (not Integer) to have a bidir relation. Getting the father and mother is then trivial

A: Try using EJBQL (or is it JPQL at this point?) to solve it:
  SELECT p FROM Person p WHERE p.father = ?1 OR p.mother = ?2

Also, I'd consider using something that isn't an Integer for the id. It can really bite you in the long run (maybe a long or BigInteger).

A: Apart from mapping issues that have been pointed out...
Not a JPA expert but I don't think JPA has this case considered directly. I would solve this using two mappings and an auxiliar fake getter. Sample below:
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "father")
private List<Person> childrenIfFather();

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "mother")
private List<Person> childrenIfMother();

public getChildren() {
    if (childrenIfFather != null) return childrenIfFather();
    else return childrenIfMother();
}

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text:
1,500-gallon waste water leak reported in De Pere
The leak was reported in the vicinity of 9th and Cedar Streets in De Pere
1,500-gallon waste water leak reported in De Pere The leak was reported in the vicinity of 9th and Cedar Streets in De Pere Check out this story on greenbaypressgazette.com: http://gbpg.net/1ChUU59
Adam Rodewald, USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 7:02 p.m. CT March 27, 2015 | Updated 7:18 p.m. CT March 27, 2015
File(Photo: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
An estimated 1,500 gallons of wastewater leaked from a pressurized main pipe Friday in De Pere, authorities said.
The wastewater leak was reported around 8:50 a.m. in the vicinity of 9th and Cedar Streets, according to NEW Water, which is Green Bay's metropolitan sewerage district.
Workers diverted the wastewater flow from the force main into a gravity sewer. The leak ceased around 9:30 a.m.
NEW Water notified the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources of the leak and is working to repair the force main.
Read or Share this story: http://gbpg.net/1ChUU59


Dubai is set to further establish its status as a cutting-edge, vibrant global design hub with the return of Dubai Design Week this October.
Last year's inaugural citywide event attracted design aficionados, designers, architects and thought leaders from over 150 of the world's leading studios, agencies, brands and educational institutions to present work, exchange ideas and showcase innovation in design.
This year's Dubai Design Week will cement Dubai's status as the design capital of the MENASA region with more than 100 events taking place in Dubai Design District (d3) over six days; with significantly more visitors and internationally renowned exhibitors expected to attend.
Downtown Design (25-28 October), the region's only quality-driven design trade fair, returns for its fourth edition as the commercial centrepiece of Dubai Design Week. Bringing together over 100 brands from 25 countries, the event has become an important fixture in the design calendar for both international brands and buyers from the MENASA region and will once again be held at d3. Visitors will discover products across furniture, lighting, bathrooms, kitchens, textiles and accessories not ordinarily seen at the big shows. Re-affirming Downtown Design's position as a fair of discovery, the popular 'Destination at Downtown Design', a unique alliance of international design weeks, returns featuring emerging design brands from Addis Ababa, Barcelona, Beirut, Reykjavíkand Taipei.
Global Grad Show is a globally unique exhibition of innovation, inventions and technology that will transform our future, all showcased by the world's next generation of design talent. With 135 projects from 51 of the leading universities in 30 countries on six continents, it is the largest and most diverse gathering of designers ever to take place and will offer unparalleled insight into the visions of the designers of the future, and a glimpse into our world as it might be tomorrow.
Named after the Arabic word for 'doors', the Abwab initiative is dedicated to exploring the design narrative of countries within the MENASA region. This year, emerging and established graphic designers, product designers, photographers and architects from Algeria, Bahrain, India, Iraq, Palestine and the UAE respond to the theme of 'The Human Senses'. Abwab's temporary pavilion this year has been designed by UAE-based practice Hypothetical Office that will be built into the walkways of d3..
The exhibition, 'Iconic City: Cairo Now! City Incomplete'' follows last year's focus on Beirut and takes inspiration from the Egyptian capital's host of red brick buildings in varying stages of completion, aiming to gauge the current mood of the city's creative scene. Mohamed Elshahed, editor-in-chieffor the Cairobserver, curates what will be a multidisciplinary presentation conducted by young entrepreneurs, aspiring artists and graphic designers, alongside veteran design practitioners.
In landmark locations across Dubai, a series of 15 public, site-specific installations by renowned international, regional and local designers will unite and transform the city throughout Dubai Design Week's six days.
Central to Dubai Design Week is a daily programme of talks and workshops held at d3 with something for everyone, from local start-ups and entrepreneurs to international visitors, the media and families. The free-to-attend programme will serve as a rich introduction to the design scene in the UAE, and build on the many events and exhibitions happening throughout the week and beyond.
Details on the talks and workshops programme will be released in late summer, along with a full list of the diverse satellite events from studios, ateliers, universities and galleriesthat will take place 'Around the City'.
The event is held in under the patronage of Her Highness Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, in strategicpartnership with Dubai Design District (d3), and sponsored by Dubai Culture & Arts Authority,Dubai Design & Fashion Council and Audi. Dubai Design Week aims to support UAE-based multidisciplinary design talent and celebrate the city's forward-thinking approach to urban enterprise, as well as offering a global stage to ideas and innovations with the potential to improve the lives of people and society around the world.


This summer feel the breeze in cool, elegant linen from this renowned gentleman's outfitter.
Significance, modernism and relevance have long been the pursuit at Raymond and, with that in mind, the company introduces the fresh collection of Raymond Linen.
The line is the embodiment of this luxurious fabric creating a beautiful balance of fashion with designs inspired by nature.
A flawless connotation, Raymond Linen creates the bonding between the fabric and the natural world from which it comes. The linen has been carefully curated to bring astuteness between elegance and sophistication. Yet it keeps the wearer at one with what's natural with a charm that lingers.
Incorporated in 1925, Raymond has always provided customers with world-class products. Kumar's WLL represents Raymond in the Kingdom with two showrooms at Exhibition Road and Al Hadrami Road, Manama.
The third grand showroom is now open in Seef, opposite The Courtyard, offering premium suiting fabrics along with madeto- measure concepts.


Here's how the week looked, through a lens.
A man hangs a flag alongside other tributes placed on the Shankly Gates next to the Hillsborough Memorial at Liverpool's Anfield Stadium.
Email "It's Sunday so here's 11 of our favourite pictures from the past 7 days ".
Feedback on "It's Sunday so here's 11 of our favourite pictures from the past 7 days ".


Commentary | RICHARD C. SCHAEFFER JR. Cyber threats come in many forms, but a recent Deloitte report identi- ed a growing vulnerability for data: insecure passwords, particularly on mobile devices. Securing information and systems behind a rewall is insuf cient in a world in which vital data is routinely stored on mobile devices and trans- mitted beyond that barrier. For Deloitte s Technology, Media and Telecommunications Predic- tions 2013 report, one-quarter of all people surveyed said they use less- secure passwords on their tablet PCs and smart phones because of the dif culty of typing passwords into handheld equipment. Pass- words for laptop PCs also face glar- ing risks. The same Deloitte report said a study of 6 million user pass- words found that 10,000 of the most common passwords would have accessed 98 percent of all accounts. The vulnerabilities grow even more intense when organizations implement bring-your-own-device policies that allow employees to connect to enterprise networks and store critical data. Although BYOD can generate enterprise savings, the practice greatly increases the attack surface that adversaries can target and thus increases the risk of a suc- cessful intrusion, theft or breach of data. Given the high cost of data breaches, successful attacks will quickly wipe out any savings from BYOD. In fact, organizations sur- veyed by the Ponemon Institute reported an average of two suc- cessful cyberattacks per week. The annualized average cost of those cyber crimes was almost $9 million for each company. Clearly, best-practice security solutions must be extended beyond hardened IT perimeters. Authentica- tion methods that require veri ca- tion beyond passwords are a partial solution. Yet even new layers of authentication are vulnerable due to the ever-increasing sophistication of malicious actors. To accommodate surging mobility and data communications, sensitive data should be encrypted on each device so that information is pro- tected in all locations and situations. Device-level encryption secures data whether it is being stored or trans- mitted via email and attachments. Digital communications should be further safeguarded by incor- porating advanced digital rights management. The addition of DRM lets an agency control what desig- nated recipients can do with the sent information --- whether they can print it or share it, and for how long. One can also cancel the recipi- ent s ability to read the data at any time, even when it is stored on the recipient s device. The latter capabil- ity protects data in the event that a device is lost or stolen or when employees leave the organization and must have their access to com- pany information rescinded. At the National Security Agency, I led an organization of several thou- sand security professionals who spent their days analyzing technolo- gy and products to understand their vulnerabilities and develop coun- termeasures to deter, detect and respond to Internet-based threats. Our focus was the federal systems of the national security community, but many of the solutions apply to all the systems that make up the interconnected global network. Every agency and even small enter- prises can successfully harden their environments against Internet-based threats. Organizations can reach a new level of best security practices by combining device-level encryp- tion and advanced DRM. Such implementations can be incorpo- rated seamlessly within existing IT infrastructure and policies, with no disruption to employees work ow. Without that combination, vital information is vulnerable, and your organization will be at risk because you have no control of the data once it passes beyond your rewalls. ■ Security beyond the rewall In a mobile world, device-level encryption and digital rights management are essential to securing sensitive data Securing information and systems behind a firewall is insufficient in a world in which vital data is routinely stored on mobile devices. June 15, 2013 FCW.COM 17 RICHARD C. SCHAEFFER JR. is chief security adviser at Encryptics, a provider of data privacy and protection services for business and government.


text:
Granby Drummer (https://granbydrummer.com/2020/06/)
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Town Hall Talk
Making history, every day
By Jim Lofink | June 27, 2020
What a month it's been. What a time we are living in. While the Drummer is showcasing its 50 years of history, we are creating new history every day.
Preparing for when the other shoe drops …
By Michael B. Guarco, Jr. | June 27, 2020
Life has been very different—if not surreal—for all of us through this initial pass of the pandemic. It locked us down in our homes to varying degrees, is impacting our family incomes just as erratically with some making more not working than when they were working, while others have seen their income reduced or totally dried up.
Granby gathers in a show of support for Black Lives Matter
By Sarah Merrill | June 27, 2020
The June 3 "protest" in Granby center began as one resident's heartfelt desire to manifest support for the black community. The original idea, a humble gathering of friends and like-minded community members, quickly burgeoned into an impassioned assemblage of over 400 people.
GRANBY BOARD OF SELECTMEN MINUTES
| June 27, 2020
On A Motion by Sally King, seconded by Mark Neumann, the board voted (5-0-0) to approve the minutes of the regular meeting of May 4 with the correction by Neumann of section VIII, to read: Selectman Neumann, Republican Town Committee member not chairman, as stated in the minutes.
Democratic Town Committee Statement in Support of Social Justice and Call for Action
We are at a crucial revolutionary moment in history following the murders of Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery and George Floyd, among countless others. It is a rare and pivotal moment that presents an opportunity for sweeping and indelible transformation across our town and the nation to finally and boldly acknowledge that Black Lives Matter.
Republican Town Committee Encourages Setting an Example for Others to Follow
As great as Granby is, together, we can make it better. Together, we can help to end racism and injustice.
Support GCF
I learned about the Granby Community Fund from a co-worker who was a member and resided in Granby as I did. After attending a meeting and hearing about the work and commitment of the members to raise funds for community organizations in one annual campaign, I became a member!
Lila Innes remembered
My fondest memory of Lila Innes is hearing her unforgettable laugh echoing through Cossitt Library. No library silence there!
Granby Food Bank
The Food Bank reopened on June 23!
Town of Granby Meeting Calendar
Check Town of Granby website or call Town Manager's office to verify date and time, and get information on how to participate on Zoom.


After days of speculation regarding the president's annual State of the Union address, a will-he-or-won't-he situation that continued into the early hours of today, President Donald Trump has stated that he will not deliver the speech until the end of the ongoing government shutdown, the Hill reported.
The announcement came in a series of late-night tweets from the president on Wednesday, January 23, and just hours after Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi sent him a letter in which she said she would decline the necessary steps to allow the address to be given on the agreed upon date of next Tuesday, January 29.
"As the Shutdown was going on, Nancy Pelosi asked me to give the State of the Union Address. I agreed. She then changed her mind because of the Shutdown, suggesting a later date. This is her prerogative – I will do the Address when the Shutdown is over," the president wrote in his first of two tweets addressing the situation.
"I look forward to giving a 'great' State of the Union Address in the near future!" he concluded the announcement.
Trump's decision to postpone the annual message to Congress comes after a few weeks of its fate being up in the air.
On January 16, Speaker Pelosi sent a letter to the president suggesting he choose a later date for the address, citing security concerns due to the ongoing government shutdown.
President Trump responded to her earlier today with a letter expressing that he intended to move forward with the SOTU on the scheduled date, noting that it had been confirmed that there were no security concerns surrounding the event.
The standoff did not end there, however, as Nancy Pelosi quickly responded with another letter in which she stated she would refuse the president entry into the House chamber next Tuesday to deliver the speech, as previously reported by the Inquisitr.
"I look forward to welcoming you to the House on a mutually agreeable date for this address when government has been opened," she concluded the letter.
The government shutdown is now on day 34 with no indication of an end and therefore meaning there is no telling as to when the president will be delivering the State of the Union address.


text:
Hanna to retire after 44 years with Bulldogs
Scott "Honey Bear" Hanna, or simply "HB," will retire after 44 years as a Minnesota Duluth player, coach and/or staff member, the longest tenure in UMD athletic history.
Hanna, 61, first joined the Bulldogs in the fall of 1968 as an offensive lineman under legendary coach Jim Malosky before going on to serve as a UMD head baseball coach, assistant football coach and equipment manager. The Duluth Central alumnus was inducted into the UMD Athletic Hall of Fame last October.
"I couldn't have picked a better place to work," Hanna, who is retiring later this month, said in a UMD press release. "This has been a dream job for me, and I am fortunate to have done it for as long as I have. To be part of this department for four decades and have the opportunity to interact with hundreds upon hundreds of great kids has been a real joy."
Hanna is considered the face of Bulldogs baseball, having been involved with that program since its inception in 1972 through the spring of 2005. He compiled a 550-357-3 record in 27 years at the helm, won four Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference titles and was twice named conference coach of the year.
"If I could go back to 1968 and do it all over again, I wouldn't change a thing," Hanna said. "I have no regrets -- none -- and that pretty much says it all."


John Donne was deeply influenced by the theatre and, as the chapter elucidates, this also shows in his religious poetry. In the Holy Sonnets (~1609), he repeatedly has a speaker reflect on or address his soul as in a soliloquy. The poems thus become stages on which the soul goes through stages in life towards death. The soul itself may become the theatron, the place of dramatic action, and the speaker is often doubled in being an actor and an audience in the scene presented. The sonnet itself structurally shows similarities to drama in which the speaker finally arrives at a climax and a happy ending, which turns these poems into divine comedies. Drama in the sense of dramatic allusion, the stage and stages, the communicative situation of the soliloquy, provides a key to processes of recognition and anagnorisis within these texts. At the same time, these dramatic elements help to explain the popularity of the soliloquy in contemporary drama.


text:
Archive for category: community
You are here: Home / community
Highly relevant Guardian article – Record numbers left homeless after eviction by private landlords in England
September 28, 2016 /0 Comments/in community, news /by [email protected]
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/28/eviction-by-private-landlord-making-record-numbers-homeless-in-uk
Record numbers left homeless after eviction by private landlords in England
End of an assured shorthold tenancy cited by nearly a third of newly homeless households, figures show
Patrick Butler
Social policy editor
Wednesday 28 September 201616.15 BST
Record numbers of families are becoming homeless after being evicted by private landlords and finding themselves unable to afford a suitable alternative place to live, government figures show.
The end of an assured shorthold tenancy (AST) was cited by nearly a third of the 15,170 households in England who were classed as homeless in the three months to June – a number that was up 10% on the same period last year.
The problem was particularly acute in London, accounting for 41% of all homelessness acceptances in the capital during the period, according to figures from the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG).
The end of an AST has rapidly become the single biggest cause of homelessness in recent years, triggered by spiralling rent rises and cuts to housing benefit support. In 2010 just 11% of homeless acceptances in England were caused by the end of an AST.The government's statistical release states: "Affordability [of housing] is an increasingly significant issue, as more households facing the end of a private tenancy are unable to find an alternative without assistance."
Bob Blackman, a Tory backbencher who has drawn up a private member's bill seeking to require councils to do more to help households at risk of losing their homes, said: "It is a national disgrace when we have the highest number of people in employment ever, we have a low rate of unemployment, that we still have people sleeping rough. Goodness knows what will happen if there is a recession."
He said the government was "very sympathetic" towards his bill, which will have its second reading in the Commons at the end of October, and he was negotiating with ministers to get proper support. "I think it sits with Theresa May's social agenda so that everyone benefits from the economic situation of the country, which is very positive," he said.
The quarterly statistics also reveal a sharp rise in the number of homeless households with children who had been unlawfully resident in unsuitable temporary bed and breakfast accommodation for longer than six weeks.
Although councils are required to ensure families do not stay in B&B accommodation for longer than 42 days, 1,140 households found themselves in this position in the three months to June, up 29% on the same period in 2015 and the highest recorded number since 2003.
Outer London boroughs in London such as Croydon (169), Redbridge (132) and Harrow (120) recorded the highest number of households in breach of the six-week limit, and there are signs the phenomenon is spreading beyond the capital, to places such as Luton (87), Reading (65) and Peterborough (30).Local authorities have blamed use of B&Bs on chronic shortages of affordable suitable temporary housing in their areas, a shortage caused in part by government cuts to housing benefit levels.
The figures show that 73,120 households were in temporary accommodation, up 9% on a year earlier, and nearly three-quarters (52,820) were in London.
The homelessness charity Crisis called on MPs to support Blackman's bill, which has cross-party support. Its chief executive, Jon Sparkes, said: "It isn't enough to help people at crisis point. We need to prevent them from losing their home in the first place."
"We need a change in the law to prevent more people from losing their home and to make sure all homeless people can get the help they need, while councils need the funding to make this work. Prevention has already been shown to work in Wales, where it has dramatically reduced the need for people to be rehoused."
Martin Tett, the housing spokesman for the Local Government Association, said: "Councils want to help everyone at risk of homelessness and support those who are homeless into accommodation as soon as possible. Faced with significant cuts to their budgets, falling social housing availability and welfare reforms, it is clear councils cannot tackle this challenge alone."
Campbell Robb, chief executive of the housing charity Shelter, said: "These figures are a heartbreaking reminder of the devastating impact our drastic shortage of affordable homes is having. Every day at Shelter we hear from families struggling to keep their heads above water when faced with the double blow of welfare cuts and expensive, unstable private renting, with far too many ultimately losing the battle to stay in their home."
A DCLG spokesman said: "This government is committed to supporting the most vulnerable in our society and ensuring our country works for everyone, not just the privileged few.
"Statutory homelessness remains less than half the 2003-04 peak and we are investing over £500m to both tackle homelessness and prevent it happening in the first place."
/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png 0 0 [email protected] /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png [email protected]2016-09-28 10:21:072016-10-10 10:27:47Highly relevant Guardian article - Record numbers left homeless after eviction by private landlords in England
Boat trip and birthday!
March 12, 2016 /0 Comments/in community, events, news /by [email protected]
10 children attending Doorstep enjoyed a gifted RIB boat trip last Saturday – complete with James Bond music playing. Also – happy birthday to the ten year old birthday boy. They loved it and haven't stopped talking about it!
https://www.doorsteplondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/MG_9831.png 686 1030 [email protected] /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png [email protected]2016-03-12 12:25:582016-03-12 12:26:48Boat trip and birthday!
London Community Foundation features Doorstep's work
March 1, 2016 /0 Comments/in Camden, campaign, community, Uncategorized /by [email protected]
We are grateful for London Community Foundation's recent feature on Doorstep, helping to draw attention to our cause and work.
There are thousands of homeless families across London stuck in unsuitable hostel accommodation. Neil Baker visits a charity that supports them, and hears how one mother is fighting for a better life – for herself and her young son
Tanya is waiting for the phone call that she hopes will change her life. A single mother with a two-year-old son, she's spent the last nine months living in a hostel for homeless families. There's no space for her boy, Omran, to play and barely any privacy.
"We sit, eat and sleep in our bed," she says. "In the summer there are places to go, but if you go to the park for three hours, what do you do for the rest of the day? When we get back to the hostel, Omran shrinks into the buggy and cries."
The strain of living in such cramped accommodation is taking its toll. Tanya looks smart in her dark trousers, green and cream sweater, black hair tied back. But she speaks in a whisper and spends much of our time together with her head in her hands.
She's desperate to find a safe, permanent home for Omran. Last month her dream came true. Camden Council found a private landlord willing to rent a flat to a tenant on housing benefit. Moving day is next week.
But two days ago the dream turned sour. Tanya heard that the landlord still hadn't signed the contract. Now he isn't answering his phone. And her housing officer is off sick.
The council says it should all be fine, but they've told Tanya to have a plan B, just in case. "I don't have a plan B," she cries. "If this falls through, I don't know where we will stand."
Lifeline on the doorstep
Tanya is telling her story in the crèche at Doorstep Homeless Families, a shoestring charity that's a lifeline for people like Omran and herself.
It offers after-school clubs, back-to-work training, free toys and healthy meals from the basement of the Abbots and Levine Hostel, one of the biggest in Camden. (Hence the name; it's literally on the doorstep of the homeless families it serves.)
Many of the 45 families living on the four floors above have just one room. Others get two, but with a communal corridor running between them. People often feel isolated, cut off from family and support networks. They may have fled violence and experienced trauma.
Vicky Fox runs Doorstep, and has worked here for 25 years. She's the only full-time staffer. Christmas is two weeks away. Today there are two parties for children and their families; sacks of presents to wrap; food hampers to distribute. Her cramped office has a desk, a sink, mountains of paperwork and Post-it notes everywhere. "It's a huge workload," she says.
Fundraising is a growing part of the job. Camden provided the core funding for 20 years. But in 2014 they cut 100% of their grant. "It was a blow," says Vicky.
Building from nothing
"Doorstep has been a rock for me these last nine months," says Tanya. Here Omran can be a normal, smiley kid. With his black hair cut short, in a dinosaur t-shirt, he's happy playing trains and cars on the floor with another boy his age. He's oblivious to his mum's tears, as she explains how they became homeless.
Born in northern Iraq, Tanya grew up in Baghdad. Her father was a doctor. They fled the country when he was detained and tortured by the regime. With the help of the United Nations, they made it to London in 2001, as refugees with indefinite leave to remain.
From very little, Tanya built a good enough life for herself: a rented three-bedroom flat, a car, some savings in the bank. She's an educated woman with two university degrees. When her father had a stroke, Tanya was his sole carer until he died. She then met a man, married him within a year, and had a baby.
Her husband decided they would live in Germany, where he had family and work would be easier to find. But when they arrived he just sat on the sofa all day playing computer games, says Tanya. Once her savings were all gone, he abandoned her.
Making a new start
Eventually, she made it back to London, arriving at St Pancras train station with one suitcase, Omran in his buggy and nowhere to sleep that night. Tanya went to Camden town hall and declared herself homeless.
"I know there's no shame in living on benefits, but it's not me," she says, when she's finished sharing her story. "It's not what I want. I'm used to being busy, to working. I just want to be independent again."
The phone call she's desperately waiting for isn't just about getting a proper home; it's the first step away from this life and back towards normality. The thought that it might fall through is almost too much to bear. She's taking medication for depression, and was considered a suicide risk. Vicky has been watching her closely.
"I want to know what is happening, but I can't keep calling the council. It's embarrassing," Tanya says. "I can't go back to square one again."
No more news
Omran's crying interrupts us. Another child has banged him on the head with a toy. He comes to Tanya for a cuddle. "Ah, mummy, mummy, mummy," she says, embracing him in a long hug, kissing the top of his head, again and again.
Now the morning play session has finished. Tanya's phone hasn't rung. We wish her good luck as she climbs the stairs to street level. She's off to find another way to pass the time, before it gets too dark or too cold and they have to return to the hostel.
Christmas comes and goes. Did the landlord sign the contract? Are they still stuck in that single hostel room? There's no news about Tanya.
And then on January 11 an email arrives. "I just saw Tanya," writes Vicky. "She is positively radiant with happiness! I've seen pictures of her flat and it really is lovely!"
Doorstep Homeless Families Project is funded by the London Community Foundation. There's more information about the project here: http://www.doorsteplondon.org Some of the names in this story have been changed to respect privacy.
http://www.londoncf.org.uk/stories/2016/02/i-cant-go-back-to-square-one-again.aspx?dm_t=0%2c0%2c0%2c0%2c0
https://www.doorsteplondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/MG_9824.png 686 1030 [email protected] /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png [email protected]2016-03-01 20:46:132016-03-14 13:21:07London Community Foundation features Doorstep's work
BBC documentary: "Professor Green: Hidden and Homeless"
February 9, 2016 /0 Comments/in community, news, Uncategorized /by [email protected]
Professor Green sets out to discover the modern face of homelessness,changing our perceptions
https://www.doorsteplondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/blog-1.png 318 843 [email protected] /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png [email protected]2016-02-09 06:25:022016-02-22 05:15:38BBC documentary: "Professor Green: Hidden and Homeless"
Opinion: Improving the way we provide council housing
January 28, 2016 /0 Comments/in Camden, community, news, Uncategorized /by [email protected]
The New Year is now well underway and in Camden our new housing allocations policy has gone live.
https://www.doorsteplondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Improving-the-way-we-provide-council-housing.png 318 843 [email protected] /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/logo-6.png [email protected]2016-01-28 11:58:572016-02-22 05:14:59Opinion: Improving the way we provide council housing


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İstanbul Bar Association warns of looming 'dystopia' over detention of 60 lawyers
in Europe, World News
The İstanbul Bar Association on Monday denounced the detention of 60 lawyers by the Ankara Chief Public Prosecutor's Office, saying that the lawyers cannot be charged with practicing law.
"The charge of membership in a terrorist organization stems from the [lawyers'] practice of their profession," said a statement issued by the bar. "This situation is new, with the exception of one or two cases, and tells of a dystopia under construction."
The Ankara Chief Public Prosecutor's Office on Friday issued detention warrants for 60 lawyers on terror charges.
According to a statement released by the office, the lawyers followed up on "cases of Gülen-affiliated defendants" and "tried to manipulate the trials to the benefit of the terrorist organization under the guise of the practice of law."
The Turkish government accuses the Gülen movement, a faith-based group inspired by Muslim cleric Fethullah Gülen, of orchestrating a failed coup in 2016 and designates it as a terrorist organization.
Turkish Minute
ECtHR has let Turkey's dissidents down, says jailed Kurdish leader
New research connects the hormones we're born with to lifetime risk for immunological diseases


text:
Giant Bomb reviews Fallout: New Vegas View next topic
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[ Game -> Review ] - More info on Game: Fallout: New Vegas
Full review here. Conclusions:
It's not a surprise that Fallout: New Vegas sticks closely to Fallout 3's structure and style. But if it weren't for the game's way-too-long list of technical issues, New Vegas would actually be better than its predecessor. Instead, it's a well-written game with so many issues that some of you might want to take a pass, at least until some of this nonsense gets fixed. Yet, for all its flaws, I'd consider taking a second run through it, if only to see how some of the game's finer points play out with different choices.
Oh god if it has more than F3 it's very full of fail.
I've fallen through stairs and shit like 5-7 times now during my playthrough and the game has crashed for no reason like 30 times and I've had "trippy graphics" like 5 times due to it crashing my graphic card.
Sorry for the double post. Can't edit.
Here's a nice little note from this review: "Marcus runs Jacobstown and won't just attack you on sight. Crazy, right?"
That's a good thing at least.
I was actually about to comment on that. He must not have played the first two to know that Super Mutants aren't actually mindless and crazed mutant cannibals, kind of like how ghouls aren't zombies.
No I think that's exacly what he's hinting on.
If not he wouldn't have the "Crazy, right?"
At least I hope so... Still do have a little faith for humanity.
Kashluk
Grand MF
qfe


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Reviewed by Colin Jacobson
Title: Paths of Glory (1957)
Studio Line: MGM
Safe in their picturesque chateau behind the front lines, the French General Staff passes down a direct order to Colonel Dax: take the Ant Hill at any cost. A blatant suicide mission, the attack is doomed to failure. Covering up their fatal blunder, the Generals order the arrest of three innocent soldiers, charging them with cowardice and mutiny. Dax, a lawyer in civilian life, rises to the men's defense but soon realizes that, unless he can prove that the Generals were to blame, nothing less than a miracle will save his clients from the firing squad.
Cast: Kirk Douglas, Ralph Meeker, Adolphe Menjou, George Macready, Wayne Morris, Richard Anderson
DVD: Standard 1.33:1; audio English Digital Mono, French Digital Mono; subtitles: English, French; closed-captioned; single sided - single layered; 32 chapters; Not Rated; 87 min.; $27.95; street date 6/29/99.
Supplements: Theatrical Trailer; Booklet.
Purchase: DVD
Picture/Sound/Extras: C+/D/D-
And here's where Stanley Kubrick starts to become Stanley Kubrick! Over the last few months, I've worked my way back through Kubrick's films. It hasn't been purely chronological but has favored his better-known titles; only now am I getting around to the more obscure entries.
Anyway, as I've viewed his films, I've definitely picked up on his tendencies, the most important of which I feel are his objectivity of filmmaking and his rather moralistic bent. As such, most of his movies remain distanced from their subjects and present them matter-of-factly, and the films also focus largely on less-pleasant aspects of human behavior, for which the characters are usually punished to some degree.
Although I haven't witnessed all of his prior work, it looks like 1957's Paths of Glory was the first full-blown example of the Kubrick Zeitgeist. The previous year's "The Killing" followed some of his "tenets" but wasn't a very distinctive piece; there's little that made it appear to be a Kubrick film.
That's not the case with Paths of Glory. From start to finish, it clearly bears the mark of a Kubrick work. Even though the film features some of the least appealing and most amoral characters of any of his pictures, Kubrick never imposes his own judgment on the participants; he clearly feels the audience can draw their own conclusions from the depictions he offers. And while the baddies "get theirs," he doesn't do this in a stereotypical way; the results of the characters' actions seem logical and realistic.
One stylistically unusual move that would later see more use by Kubrick involves the film's almost complete lack of a score. We occasionally hear some rhythmic backing, but for the most part, POG supplies little music, though incidental music appears in scenes such as a dance. It's an effective method because it accentuates the starkness of the situation. It also helps remove any potentially melodramatic appearances.
Although not a perfect film, I'd place POG very high in the Kubrick pantheon. He depicts his subject with a complexity and a broadness that suits the material well and makes the storyline quite gripping. This tale of World War I hypocrisy isn't an easy watch in many ways - it can be brutal and unforgiving - but it serves the needs of the film well. The actors, including star Kirk Douglas, all provide strong work and avoid stereotypical tendencies; they all seem to be largely realistic and compelling characters. Kubrick makes a clear winner with "Paths of Glory", a harsh but fascinating portrait of the way individuals will callously sacrifice others for their own good.
The DVD:
Paths of Glory appears in its original theatrical aspect ratio of 1.37:1 on this single-sided, single-layered DVD; because the dimensions of the presentation do not require it, the movie has not been enhanced for 16X9 televisions. While not without flaws, POG presents a pretty nice image for such an old film.
Sharpness looks consistently quite good, with only mild softness at times; for the most part, the image seems pretty crisp and detailed. Some evidence of jagged edges appears, but only infrequently. As one would expect of a film from the Fifties, numerous print flaws exist, though the numbers are not tremendously high. Expect to see speckling as the major culprit, with scratches and blotchy spots being the next most problematic faults. I also detected some wobbling of the image at times, usually right after a cut; the frames briefly seem to "jump" at that time. It's not terrible, but it is distracting.
Black levels seem strong, with little evidence of any grayness or fading. Shadow detail usually looks good as well, though some scenes appear somewhat too opaque. While this transfer won't win any prizes, I found it to be quite satisfactory and watchable.
Much less pleasant is the weak monaural soundtrack. POG presents some of the most distorted audio I've yet witnessed. Dialogue consistently sounds shrill and harsh with much too much amplification of the high end; this results in some badly sibilant speech. You know those toys with sound chips built into them? That's kind of how dialogue sounds. Any effects other than the most quiet ones also are badly distorted, with gunfire and explosions seeming extremely flawed. Little music appears in the film, but when it does, it generally sounds crackly and raw. The only saving grace is that I rarely had trouble understanding dialogue. Still, it's a poor soundtrack, even for a film of its age.
As with pretty much all Kubrick films on DVD, few supplements appear. We get a theatrical trailer and a four-page booklet with production notes. Underwhelming? You got that right. But when "major" Kubrick offerings like Dr. Strangelove and A Clockwork Orange can't muster any better, do you think an obscurity like POG will get them?
Which is a shame in both regards: it's too bad that Paths of Glory provides so few extras, and it's too bad the film remains so obscure. I found it to be one of the most provocative and stimulating of Kubrick's films. The DVD offers decent picture but almost completely fails in sound and supplements. Because the movie's quite good and affords a look at early Kubrick, you may want to rent it, but the DVD simply is too poor a release to merit purchase.
Equipment: Sony 36" WEGA KV-36FS12 Monitor; Sony DA333ES Processor/Receiver; Panasonic CV-50 DVD Player using component outputs; Michael Green Revolution Cinema 6i Speakers (all five); Sony SA-WM40 Subwoofer.
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Chris Tkach left a well paying job in IT to pursue his dream to brew beer. He is now brewmaster at Idle Hands Craft Ales. We chat about the struggles of starting a brewery and I learn a little about making beer.
Believe in Yourself and believe in what you are doing. Everything else will work itself out.
Chris talks about the faithful day he stumbled upon a brewery in Maine.
We delve deep into how they make their beer.
We chat about some upcoming flavors from Idle Hands Craft Ales.
Let Chris know how much you enjoyed this interview.