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Opinion | In the Russia-Ukraine Conflict, Standing Up to Putin Is Our Only Credible Option
Toomas Hendrik Ilves and David J. Kramer
For nearly a month now, Russia has been ominously massing troops and weaponry at its border with Ukraine, the latest in a series of periodic military buildups that could presage another Russian offensive into the country it illegally invaded in 2014. While the world waits to see if President Vladimir Putin is planning another invasion or posturing to secure another summit with his American counterpart, a worrisome debate has emerged about how to handle the Russian leader's threatening behavior toward Ukraine, a friend to the United States and Europe that has for the better part of a decade been ravaged by war and partial Russian occupation.
In a much-discussed recent piece in POLITICO Magazine, RAND Corporation political scientist Samuel Charap argued in favor of an "unsavory compromise" to address Russia's troop buildup. He recommends pressing the Ukrainians to implement parts of the discredited Minsk agreement — which was imposed forcibly on Ukraine — arguing that this "might actually invite de-escalation from Russia and reinvigorate the languishing peace process." This, Charap acknowledged, would be doing the "aggressor's bidding contrary to U.S. principles."
Charap posits that violating U.S. principles in this manner is necessary to prevent a conflict, as the U.S. is out of viable options for pressuring Russia. We disagree strongly. It would be wrong both morally and strategically to force Ukrainians to make concessions while Putin is holding a gun to their heads. It would damage U.S. credibility, weaken President Joe Biden politically and diplomatically and hurt U.S.-Ukrainian relations, as well as America's standing with other allies. Perhaps most problematically — contrary to what Charap suggests — handing Putin this sort of concession would reward his behavior and encourage more of it. If the U.S. is to ask any country for concessions, it should push Russia — the invading and occupying power — to withdraw from Ukrainian territory, not ask Ukraine, the victim, to give in.
Those from Europe's "Bloodlands", the parts of the continent that suffered at the hands of the Nazis and Soviets in the 20th century, recall agreements in 1938 (Munich) and 1945 (Yalta) that essentially traded countries first to Adolf Hitler and then to Joseph Stalin in the hopes of sating these murderous leaders' appetites. Instead, those appetites grew with the eating. Americans and Western Europeans forget how indelible these memories are among the more than 100 million people who live in Central and Eastern Europe. Repeating those mistakes now, by forcing Ukrainians to make sacrifices in hopes of placating Putin, would, to paraphrase George Santayana, condemn Ukrainians and the rest of us to relive the past.
Recent history is replete with examples of how failing to push back adequately against Putin's aggression only encourages more dangerous behavior. From the poisoning of former KGB officer Alexander Litvinenko in 2006 to the invasion of Georgia in 2008 to more recent transgressions such as murdering dissidents in broad daylight in Berlin and blowing up a Czech armory, the West has done little in response to Russia's challenges.
Even after Putin invaded Ukraine in 2014, the sanctions imposed by the West had an initial impact but were never ramped up in a serious way. Putin has repeatedly drawn the conclusion that he can get away with aggression and possibly even be rewarded for it — or even the threat of it.
The response should not be to pressure the victim of that aggression to compromise by implementing the dreadful and discredited Minsk agreement, which — as Charap acknowledges — Ukraine signed under tremendous duress. Specifically, Charap suggests the U.S. nudge Ukraine to move toward granting special status and more autonomy to the region under Russian occupation. Meanwhile, Russia has fulfilled none of its commitments under Minsk, which, notably, calls for the "withdrawal of all foreign armed forces, military equipment, as well as mercenaries from the territory of Ukraine." A ceasefire and Russian withdrawal are prerequisites before movement on other Minsk provisions, but that's hard to do when the Kremlin denies it has any forces occupying Ukrainian territory.
Demanding that Ukraine live up to commitments under Minsk without first demanding anything from Russia is both immoral and strategically ill-advised. In addition to encouraging Putin, pushing Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to make concessions would finish him politically — itself a Kremlin goal — and would further tarnish America's reputation as a partner to those in need.
Pressuring Ukraine would also damage the Euro-Atlantic architecture that has more or less kept the peace on the continent for the past seven-plus decades. Various international conventions — the UN Charter (1945), the Helsinki Final Act (1975) and the Paris Charter (1990) — forbid the use of force to change borders, yet that is exactly what Putin did when he illegally annexed Crimea and then invaded Ukraine's Donbas region. In addition, other regimes are carefully watching the Western response to Putin's challenge; observers in Beijing, for example, might conclude that they could get away with similar moves against Taiwan.
Finally, Charap makes the case that Putin will "up the ante" and move toward an invasion unless Ukraine caves under pressure from Moscow — and Washington. While a major Russian push into Ukraine does seem more likely this time, it is not a foregone conclusion. Putin realizes that Ukraine's military is strong and capable, and that lots of Russians returning in body bags will not be popular in a country already reeling from the pandemic and a stagnant economy. What if Putin is once again bluffing, either to keep the Ukrainians off balance or to secure another summit with Biden?
The idea that concessions will encourage him to back down is wishful thinking that ignores past Russian behavior. More likely it will embolden Putin to secure even greater concessions, constantly threatening military moves, demanding more from the Ukrainians and weakening Zelensky — all, quite possibly, without crossing the border.
What, then, should the United States and Europe do about Ukraine? Charap implies that we have tried every coercive measure against Putin and that these have not worked. In fact, the West has by no means exhausted the available options for pressuring Russia.
Putin built up a threatening military presence on Ukraine's border this past spring, and Biden responded by inviting the Russian leader to a summit. Putin seems eager to hold another summit, according to reports. Meeting on the world stage one-on-one means a lot to Putin as it elevates his stature and equalizes his relationship with the United States. Biden met with Putin without any preconditions in June. This time, he should insist that before a meeting, Russia must withdraw all of its forces along the Ukrainian border in a verifiable way. No withdrawal, no meeting.
If Putin complies and the leaders meet, Biden should make clear that the return of Russian forces to the border would trigger new, hard-hitting sanctions immediately, rather than waiting to see whether they cross into Ukrainian territory. These measures would include expelling Russia from the SWIFT banking system, ending the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, sanctioning Russia's primary and (more importantly for Russia's financial sector) secondary debt markets, and most significantly, sanctioning Putin himself and those immediately around him.
That last type of penalty is the one most likely to get Putin's attention, as it will inflict financial harm on his ill-gotten gains and those compliant oligarchs who do his bidding. Seizing any assets they have in the West would mean they could no longer stash money in Western banks, real estate or sports teams. This will help the West clean up its own house as well. Putin's greatest export is corruption, but if we stop importing and enabling it, he has nowhere to go. Frankly, the U.S. should do this anyway, regardless of Putin's actions toward Ukraine — but has refrained thus far, largely due to unrealistic hopes of securing cooperation from Russia on other issues.
Pushback and strength are the only things Putin understands and respects. Russia backed down in 2015 after Turkey shot down a Russian military plane that crossed into Turkish territory, showing it wasn't afraid to use force against Putin. The West needs to make clear that the costs of re-invading would be punishing and immediate. The UK has sent several dozen military trainers to help Ukrainian forces. The United States and other NATO allies should do the same, creating a kind of tripwire wherein Putin would know that an attack on Ukraine could implicate NATO personnel on the ground and trigger a major response.
The United States should be providing additional military assistance to Ukraine, including anti-ship, anti-aircraft and anti-tank missiles as well as drones, radar and real-time intelligence. This would still pale in comparison to the 100,000 Russian troops and armor currently surrounding Ukraine. But it's the most reliable way to get Putin to back down, because he doesn't want to risk a war with NATO. Meanwhile, the United States should beef up its military presence in nearby NATO member states.
Nobody wants military conflict with Russia, and the Ukrainians are not asking American soldiers to fight their war for them. But we should not sacrifice our principles, and a partner country's sovereignty, in the vain pursuit of preventing conflict. The objective is to prevent another Russian invasion while preparing to use targeted economic, military and diplomatic measures short of all-out conflict in case Putin is not bluffing. We must stand with Ukraine and stand up to Putin. Easier said than done, for sure, but much better than doing the aggressor's bidding.
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Masonic Lodges Join In Unity to Establish UDC Scholarship Program
Home \ Alumni \
Contact: John Gordon, Jr., Director of Communications
202.274.5998 (office) or 202.701.8805 (cell) or john.gordon@udc.edu
Click >>here<< to download press release.
WASHINGTON— During a time of great disharmony and national conflict, the two Grand Lodges of the District of Columbia's Masonic Order have come together to establish a $400,000 scholarship to support the education of students at the University of the District of Columbia (UDC). The announcement and presentation of this historic gift will be made as part of the annual Masonic Day of Thanksgiving on Saturday, October 21 beginning at 12:00 noon. The occasion will be marked by the dedication and placement of a bronze plaque on UDC's Cleveland Dennard Plaza on the Van Ness campus, located at 4200 Connecticut Avenue, NW.
The Prince Hall Grand Lodge Endowed Scholarship is funded by the respective Masonic Foundations of the Lodges' Grand Jurisdictions, and represents an historic partnership between the Prince Hall Grand Lodge and the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Washington, DC The scholarships are specifically targeted to support students in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and African American students from the District of Columbia. The scholarships will also provide emergency funds for students with critical and immediate financial needs.
"As we watch the increasing divisiveness around the country, it is inspiring to see such an incredible display of unity and brotherhood within the District of Columbia and for DC's advanced public system of higher education," said Rodney Trapp, Vice President for Advancement at UDC who was instrumental in finalizing the gift agreement with the Masonic leaders.
"It is an honor and privilege for me to be able to be a part of such an historic event between our two jurisdictions," said Prince Hall Most Worshipful Grand Master Phillip David, who received his MBA from the UDC School of Business and Public Administration. "The dedication of this plaque and the establishment of this endowment confirm our commitment to education and charity for as long as we exist."
In the spirit of Universal Masonry, both Grand Masters have expressed their commitment to public education. Grand Master Roman Volsky said the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Washington, DC is proud to join with their Prince Hall brothers to support the only public university in the nation's capital.
"As Freemasons, we are taught that there is no better tool to improve oneself than an education, firmly grounded in the Liberal Arts & Sciences. So, it's natural that we would support public institutions of learning that offer that education to the broadest possible audience," said Volsky.
The University of the District of Columbia is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action institution. Minorities, women, veterans and persons with disabilities are encouraged to apply. For a full version of the University's EO Policy Statement, please visit https://www.udc.edu/equal_opportunity. The University of the District of Columbia is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 267.284.5000.
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Allen signs with Rider, Dover has two baseball signees
Nov 12th, 2015 · by Tim Mastro · Comments:
Ever since he was in middle school, Jordan Allen was telling people he was going to play Division I basketball.
On Thursday, Allen's dream officially came true.
Allen, a senior at Dover High, signed his National Letter of Intent to accept a basketball scholarship at Rider University.
"I was always telling everybody I was going Division I no matter what," Allen said. "You just got to work for it. You've got to have 100 percent focus. It's a blessing to be in the situation like I am. I've been working for four years to get where I'm at."
Dover. From left to right. Jordan Hutchins (Delaware baseball), Jordan Allen (Rider, basketball) and Garrett Lawson (Delaware State baseball).
Allen is the first Dover boys' basketball product to sign for a Division I team since Kendal Williams at Delaware State and Pieter Prinsloo at Marist, both members of the Dover Class of 2010.
Allen is coming off a junior season where he led the state in points per game with 26.2. He ended up on the All-State Second Team and helped lead Dover to a first round victory in the state tournament.
His signing closed a gradually rise in his stock due to his hard work. He began his career at Dover on junior varsity as a freshman before working his way up to varsity by the end of the year. This summer he really made a name for himself as one of the best shooters on the East Coast with his performances with his AAU team WER1.
"I didn't put him in school he put himself in school," said Dover High coach Stephen Wilson. "I just marketed him but he's the one who gave me an opportunity to market him by making sure his academics were done first. Then we were in the gym on a regular basis. Nobody gave him a shot at first but he followed along the protocol of what our coaches put in place and now he's fulfilling his dream."
For Wilson, this is one of the moments that remind him why he wanted to be a high school basketball coach.
"You don't coach for the money," Wilson said. "You coach to help these kids reach their goals."
Wilson also said Allen serves as a great role model for the younger players at Dover.
"I'm blessed to have someone like Jordan around me," Wilson said. "His mother raised him to give him a chance to fulfill his dream. It's a lot of dedication.
And Allen wasn't the only Dover athlete to sign on Thursday.
A pair of baseball players are also going to play Division I. Jordan Hutchins signed with Delaware while Garrett Lawson signed with Delaware State.
The duo makes it 19 Senators who will play college baseball since 2010.
"They're carrying on a tradition," said Dover baseball coach Dave Gordon. "They have a lot of tools. I can see why schools were interested in them."
Hutchins, a shortstop, will join fellow Dover grad Nick Spadafino at Delaware next year. Hutchins made second team All-State as a sophomore and has been Dover's starting shortstop since his freshman year.
"He's so athletic," Gordon said. "Defensively I would rank him as one of the best defenders in the state. Then he's a great hitter. … I think being able to reunite with Nick was the final thing for him. Being able to play together for another two years is pretty cool and hopefully they can get each other a championship and get them to where they want to go."
Lawson is a left-handed pitcher for Dover but is also a key piece in the Senator lineup with his bat.
"He's a power arm with good stuff," Gordon said. "He can also swing it and (Delaware State coach) J.P. (Blandin) liked that. He swung it well for us last year. These guys are carrying the torch for this program. As a coach you want to win games, but you also want to push kids in the right direction and I feel like we're doing that in this program."
Reach staff writer Tim Mastro at tmastro@newszap.com


What is gslides file? How to open gslides files?
The gslides file extension is mainly related to Google Drive web service and used for links to a presentation saved using the Slides app for Google Drive.
The gslides file contains web link to a presentation created and saved in Google Drive. These files do not contain the actual presentation, just encoded URL link.
These files are typically found in your Google Drive folder that is synchronized with the service. Opening it results in launching Google Drive in your Web browser so you can edit the presentation.
Slides is a web presentation program from Google and part of Google Docs and Google Drive on-line services. It is a free alternative to other presentation software, accessible to any user with Google Drive account.
Google Drive is a cloud storage and synchronization service which is also integrated with Google Docs service that offers several free productivity tools. Users are required to download Google Drive client and install it to their computer so they can synchronize with the service.
These files can only be opened using web browser and edited with the Google Slides web app. It will launch the on-line presentation editor in your web browser.
When you open the presentation in Google Drive or Google Slides web app, you have the option to save it to another format using the File -> Download as function. Google Driver supports PPTX, PDF, SVG, PNG, JPG and TXT formats for output documents.
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open gslides file, edit gslides file, convert gslides file, view gslides file, play gslides file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
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Programs supporting the exension gslides on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about Google Slides for create gslides file action.


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Home » TIMag.com news » Media » Top Ranked 6-Pack on Tennis Channel
Top Ranked 6-Pack on Tennis Channel
Tennis Channel's Monday (3-28-11) lineup at the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami features six No. 1 or former No. 1 singles players. The network's day-long coverage started at 11 a.m. ET with former No. 1 Maria Sharapova's match (d. Samantha Stosur), followed by current No. 1 Caroline Wozniacki (lost to Andrea Petkovic).
Former men's No. 1 Roger Federer played in the late afternoon (d. Juan Monaco), just prior to current No. 1 Rafael Nadal (vs. Feliciano Lopez). Topping off the day is a contest between two former No. 1 women: Kim Clijsters and Ana Ivanovic.
Appropriately, Tennis Channel has its own former No. 1 in the television booth during the women's matches today: three-time Grand Slam singles champion Lindsay Davenport.
On Tuesday the network will again feature close to 12 hours of live men's and women's coverage, beginning with first ball at 11 a.m. ET. For more information visit tennischannel.com


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Q: git branch -a producing inconsistent results? I have a repository on my machine ins /opt/git/myrepo.git
Then I have two working directories:
/var/www/mysite.com
/var/www/test.mysite.com
Both are cloned from /opt/git/myrepo.git
In test.mysite.com I created a new branch, called myfirstbranch and I pushed it to the repo with:
git push origin myfirstbranch

Then if I do git branch -a I see this:
* master
  myfirstbranch
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/master
  remotes/origin/myfirstbranch

Now if I go over to mysite.com and do git fetch then git branch -a, this is what I see:
* master
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/master
  remotes/origin/myfirstbranch

So that's fine. But then if I do:
git push origin :myfirstbranch

From mysite.com and then go over to test.mysite.com and do a git fetch, then git branch -a I still see:
* master
  myfirstbranch
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/master
  remotes/origin/myfirstbranch

Why does it still think remotes/origin/myfirstbranch still exists? When I do git branch -a in mysite.com it doesn't show remotes/origin/myfirstbranch
Why the difference?

A: Branches deleted remotely are not deleted automatically in the local repo. You need to use:
git remote prune origin
Also, git remote show origin will show a nice list of remote branches, with a "need to prune" comment if needed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Exclusive: Scelerata Premiere New Album, 'The Sniper'
By Josh Hart 2012-11-06T17:08:55Z News
Today, we're teaming up with Brazilian metal band Scelerata to bring you the exclusive premiere of their new album, The Sniper. Stream the album in-full via the SoundCloud player below.
Metal fans will want to keep an ear out for two guest vocal appearances on The Sniper, one from former Iron Maiden vocalist Paul Di'Anno and the other from Helloween's Andi Deris. The album was recorded at Bling Guardian's Twilight Hall Studios.
The Sniper is out now on Nightmare Records. Keep up with Scelerata on Facebook here.
Scelerata
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Dolby Institute Podcast Series - Conversations with Sound Artists
The MultiChoice Talent Factory in partnership with Dolby invites you to listen to podcast conversations with artists nominated for the Academy Awards® in sound editing and sound mixing. Dolby celebrates winners and nominees who used the magic of Dolby technology in a series of podcasts. In these podcasts with Oscar® nominees and winners, sound designers talk about the creation of the sound design for the films, their collaboration with the music department and rerecording mixers, and the challenges of managing the logistics and aesthetics of their films.
Conversations with Sound Artists: Series 1
In each episode, the artist talks with the Dolby Institute's Glenn Kiser and SoundWorks Collection's Michael Coleman about the challenges and opportunities the artist faced while building the soundscapes you enjoy.
Series 2 of our podcast collection focuses on storytelling with sound. We speak with leading artists who create sound design for Broadway shows, virtual reality, and installation art pieces.
In this series of six episodes, we focus on the long-time collaboration of some of the leading directors and their sound supervisors working today. These remarkable directors talk about the importance of sound to the films, and how they work with sound design and music. Conversations include Edgar Wright & Julian Slater; Darren Aronofsky & Craig Henighan; Matt Reeves with Michael Giacchino, Will Files, & Douglas Murray; Joe Wright & Craig Berkey; and others…
In this series of episodes, join Dolby Institute director Glenn Kiser in conversation with the creative teams behind the sound and music of some of the biggest films of the year, including Roma, A Star is Born, First Man and Black Panther


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1-5 Walton Road
Photograph © Joe Neary via Flickr
Architect: John Rutherford
Listed building status: Grade II
British Postal Museum & Archive: POST 30/1267A; 91/1666
Builder 9 Sep 1905, p. 282
Current use: Office accommodation ("Riverside Housing Group")
The contract documentation (WORK 13/183) names John Rutherford as the architect, although the Builder report claims that the architect is Walter Pott.
From: The Builder 9 September 1905, p. 282
A new post office is being erected at the junction of Walton-road and Morley-street, Liverpool. The building will consist of a basement and ground floor with the exception of a centre block , which will have an additional first and attic floor. The basement floor, which will consist of a basket-store. communicating by lift with the sorting office above, postal stores, heating chamber, and retiring-room for postmen. On the ground floor will be the sorting office, 96 ft long and 45 ft wide, adjacent to which, with the entrance facing Walton-road, will be the public office for the despatch of postal and other public business. Adjoining the public office will be the telegraph instrument-room, the remainder of the floor being occupied by the telegraph messengers, inspectors and cycles. The mail-yard is situated at the rear of the sorting office, while accommodation will also be provided for the various trucks and conveyances used in the postal service. The first floor of the central block will comprise the inspectors' writing-room, female retiring room, etc. and a store-room, while from the staircase access will be gained to the watching gallery. The main facade of the building will be treated in the Renaissance style, and is being carried-out in red pressed brick and stone. The building has been designed by and is under the supervision of Mr Pott, of His Majesty's Office of Works, London


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The Committee on Palestinian Rights
Division for Palestinian Rights
Key issues at stake
Mandate and Objectives
Areas of Activities
International Conferences and Side Events
Delegation visits
Solidarity Day
Capacity Building Programme
UNISPAL
About UNISPAL
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Cycle of Violence in Gaza Must Stop, Special Coordinator Mladenov Tells Security Council while Reporting 60 Demonstrators Killed Overnight – Press Release
Home/Cycle of Violence in Gaza Must Stop, Special Coordinator Mladenov Tells Security Council while Reporting 60 Demonstrators Killed Overnight – Press Release
8256TH MEETING (AM)
SC/13338
Rioters Threw Molotov Cocktails, Says Israel's Delegate, as Palestinian Observer Blames Troops for So Many Deaths in Less than 24 Hours
A reported 60 Palestinians were killed on 14 May during protests at the perimeter fence between the Gaza Strip and Israel, the deadliest day of violence since 2014, the Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process told the Security Council today, condemning the actions leading up to the bloodshed and calling for an independent investigation.
"The cycle of violence in Gaza needs to end," Nickolay Mladenov emphasized during an emergency session of the Council called by the delegation of Kuwait following the violence. "If it does not, it will explode and drag everyone in the region into another deadly confrontation," he warned, noting that tens of thousands of Gazans had been protesting for more than six weeks.
He said an estimated 35,000 Gazans had participated in demonstrations on 14 May, while other Palestinians had marched in the West Bank cities of Ramallah, Bethlehem, Hebron, Jericho, Nablus and East Jerusalem, speaking out against the relocation of the United States embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. More than 100 people had been killed since the start of the protests on 30 March, including 13 children, more than half of them yesterday alone, he said.
Hamas and Islamic Jihad had acknowledged that members of both organizations had been among those killed, he continued. While Israel was obliged not to use lethal force except as a last resort, Hamas, which controlled Gaza, must not use the protests as cover to place bombs at the perimeter fence or hide among protestors to threaten civilian lives.
Urging the Council to step up efforts in support of a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, he called upon all parties to refrain from taking unilateral measures. They should instead advance the goal of two States, Israel and Palestine — of which Gaza was an integral part — living side by side in peace, security and prosperity, he stressed.
In the ensuing debate, delegates voiced different views of the violence unrest, with Israel's representative laying the blame squarely on Hamas for radicalizing Gaza's people. Rioters had thrown Molotov cocktails, planted explosive devices and attempted to forcibly breach the fence and infiltrate Israeli territory, he said. A Hamas-led mob had also torched the Kerem Shalom border crossing, a major entry point for goods going into Gaza, setting gas lines and electricity infrastructure on fire. If the Council sought to uphold security, justice and truth, it must call out the lies, condemn Hamas violence and place itself on the right side of history, he said.
The Permanent Observer for the State of Palestine pointed out that the occupying Power had killed more than 60 people in less than 24 hours, adding that employing such force against civilians could be defined as terrorism. Rejecting the idea that Palestinians were responsible for their own deaths because they were protesting Israel's actions, he called for a full investigation and questioned why one State had blocked other Council members from demanding independent inquiries into what amounted to a war crime against the Palestinian people.
Delegates widely condemned the fighting, with Kuwait's representative expressing regret that the Council had failed to adopt his delegation's 14 May draft resolution calling for a full investigation. Kuwait would take action in the General Assembly to ensure the perpetrators of the killings were held to account. He also called for measures that would offer international protection to the Palestinian people.
The representative of the United States emphasized that the opening of her country's embassy in Jerusalem a day earlier had not undermined the prospects for peace in any way. The city was Israel's capital and no plausible peace agreement would change that. "We want nothing more than peace, in which the rights of all people are respected," she added.
Bolivia's representative pointed out that the situation was not a conflict, but an occupation, emphasizing that the two sides were painfully unequal in the current colonial equation. The unilateral decision by the United States to transfer its embassy to Jerusalem had inflamed the situation, he added, recalling that resolution 478 (1980) prohibited such actions. The United States, which supported the occupying Power, was not merely an obstacle to peace; it was now part of the problem, not the solution, he noted. While exhaustive mention had been made of Iran and Hamas, no mention had been made of the real reason for the current situation — the occupation.
The Russian Federation's representative expressed deep concern that the escalation of tensions had coincided with the transfer of the United States embassy and the anniversary of the Day of Catastrophe. Negotiations on pressing issues, including Jerusalem, must be conducted by Israelis and Palestinians, he emphasized. He emphasized that, despite the ambitious plans of some international players in unfolding their grandiose projects, the world had not become any safer. While the situation in Palestine was a good example that such efforts were going in the wrong direction, he said those undertaking such steps had made clear their intentions to continue on that path.
Several other delegates took issue with Israel's use of force and urged all parties to act with utmost restraint. France's representative, describing the response of the Israel Defense Forces as both inadequate and disproportionate, called for full and immediate respect for international humanitarian law and for human rights, especially the right to peaceful protest. The United Kingdom's representative said the death toll alone warranted an inquiry, which should be made public and hold perpetrators to account.
Other delegates defended the two-State formula as the only viable way forward, with Ethiopia's representative underlining that all arguments to the contrary were unrealistic. Ways and means must be found to save the two-State formula premised on dependable security for Israel and the realization of Palestinian national aspirations, he said.
Also speaking today were representatives of Sweden, Peru, Equatorial Guinea, China, Kazakhstan, Côte d'Ivoire, Netherlands and Poland.
The meeting began at 10:07 a.m. and ended at 12:40 p.m.
NICKOLAY MLADENOV, Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, described 14 May as a day of tragedy for the people of Gaza. "My heart weighs heavy today as I begin by expressing my condolences to the families of those killed yesterday and the last six weeks of demonstrations," he said, calling upon all to condemn the actions that had led to the loss of so many lives in the strongest possible terms. Israel had a responsibility to calibrate its use of force and not to use lethal force except as a last resort — when under imminent threat of death or serious injury, he emphasized.
Hamas, which was in control of the Gaza Strip, must not use the protests as cover for attempting to place bombs at the fence, and nor must its operatives hide among demonstrators and risk civilian lives, he continued. Tens of thousands of people in Gaza had been protesting for more than six weeks — those living in abject poverty who wanted a future beyond mere survival. "Their leaders have failed them," he declared, noting that, if not channelled in a constructive manner, their anger would lead to more suffering. The cycle of violence in Gaza must end, "for if it does not it will explode and drag everyone in the region into another deadly confrontation".
He said the international community must step in and prevent war, moving forward all projects that it had discussed "for months on end" to solve the energy, water and health crises in coordination with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Egypt. On 14 May, an estimated 35,000 people had held demonstrations in Gaza and hundreds in the West Bank cities of Ramallah, Bethlehem, Hebron, Jericho, Nablus and East Jerusalem, in "the Great March of Return", to protest the relocation of the United States embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Citing reports that 60 people had been killed throughout the day, he said that, since the beginning of protests on 30 March, more than 100 people had been killed, including 13 children, more than half of them yesterday alone. Hamas and Islamic Jihad had acknowledged that among those killed were members of their respective organizations, while Hamas had also placed improvised explosive devices at the perimeter fence.
Against that backdrop, essential medical supplies in Gaza hospitals had been exhausted, he said. On 14 May, the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator, who was currently in Gaza, had visited Shifa Hospital, where there was a shortage of beds for the wounded arriving from the protests at the fence. He appealed to Israel, Egypt and the Palestinian authorities to facilitate the exit from Gaza of the seriously wounded to receive medical treatment. That dire situation was compounded by the fact that the Palestinian Authority continued to withhold salaries of some 20,000 civil service employees in Gaza. Furthermore, on 4 and 11 May, Palestinian demonstrators had destroyed most of the facilities on the Gaza side of the Kerem Shalom crossing — the main entry point for goods and materials, he recalled. The perpetrators of that destruction shared responsibility for exacerbating the suffering of 2 million Gazans, he said, stressing that Hamas had not prevented those actions.
He said that, for his part, he had engaged with all sides to ensure that all necessary steps to avoid an escalation of violence and that all incidents were fully investigated. Public statements by Hamas indicated its intention to use the mass protests to infiltrate Israel and attack Israelis, remarks that could not be justified, he said, underlining that civilians must not be put at risk. As the violence continued, technical problems had also led to a decreased electricity supply, resulting in 22 hours of blackouts on 14 May, a critical reminder of the fragility of Gaza's infrastructure, and of the devastating consequences of the absence of peace between Israelis and Palestinians as the latter commemorated Al Nakba — "the Catastrophe" — in which they remembered the displacement of Palestinians during the war of 1948-1949. He urged the Council to step up efforts in support of a peaceful resolution to the conflict, and called upon all to refrain from unilateral measures. Instead, they should advance the goal of a just peace culminating in two States, Israel and Palestine — of which Gaza was an integral part — living side by side in peace, security and prosperity, he said.
MANSOUR AYYAD SH. A. ALOTAIBI (Kuwait), condemning the massacre, expressed regret that the Council had failed to adopt the draft resolution that his delegation had submitted on Monday calling for a full investigation. As such, Kuwait would take action in the General Assembly to ensure the perpetrators were held to account. Calling for measures that would offer international protection to the Palestinian people, he expressed deep concern over Israel's unilateral actions to change the conditions in occupied territory and about the unilateral moves of other countries, noting that transferring embassies to Jerusalem violated resolution 478 (1980) in addition to causing anger and pushing the region into chaos. Peace began with ending the Israeli occupation on the basis of Council resolutions and ongoing peace processes, he emphasized.
NIKKI R. HALEY (United States) said "we are all concerned about violence in the Middle East", but there was a lot of violence in the region. Last week, Iranian forces had attacked Israeli positions on the Golan Heights, a reckless provocation that must be stopped, and Iranian proxy forces had launched missile strikes in Yemen. Those examples of violence in the region should occupy the Security Council, she said, pointing out that Iran, a destabilizing force, was the common denominator.
Some had said that yesterday's opening of the United States Embassy in Jerusalem was the reason for the violence, but that event did not undermine the prospects for peace in any way, she said. Instead, it was the Hamas terrorist organization that had been inciting violence for years, long before the embassy move was announced. Hamas had instructed the crowds to "get closer, get closer" to the security fence, demonstrating its determination to make the Palestinian people's lives miserable, she said, adding that Hamas was pleased with yesterday's results. Asking who among Council members would accept such behaviour on their own borders, she said no one acted with as much restraint as Israel.
She said those suggesting that the embassy opening was the cause of the violence were sorely mistaken because it was a cause for celebration for the United States, reflecting the will of the American people and their sovereign right to move their embassy wherever it wanted to move it. Jerusalem was Israel's capital and no plausible peace agreement would change that. "We want nothing more than peace, in which the rights of all people are respected," she said, expressing hope that the nations of the world would join her. Commemorating Israel's anniversary, she congratulated the country on 70 years of independence, a realization of the prophet Isaiah's vision.
KAREN PIERCE (United Kingdom) emphasized that Monday's shockingly appalling violence was part of a depressing pattern. Calling for restraint on both sides, she noted that, of the 60 people killed, six were children. An independent and transparent investigation was necessary, including on Israel's use of live fire in such situations and attacks on that country's defence forces. The death toll alone warranted such an inquiry, which should be made public and hold perpetrators to account. On the status of Jerusalem, she said it should only be determined through a settlement negotiated by both parties, with the city being a shared capital of Israel and Palestine. A political process must now deliver a solution, especially since the situation in Gaza was deteriorating rapidly, she said, asking the Special Coordinator to advance proposals for easing the situation in Gaza, including international support for infrastructure and other needed services.
SACHA SERGIO LLORENTTY SOLÍZ (Bolivia), reading the names of the first 10 people killed by the occupying Power, including children as young as 14, said the Council had failed the Palestinian people for decades. Apologizing to the 6 million Palestinians living in refugee camps, the hundreds of children in detention, the wounded health workers and the thousands of people suffering from a decade of blockades and 70 years of Israeli occupation, he said the international community had failed them. The situation was not a conflict, but an occupation, he said, emphasizing that there were two sides, but they were painfully unequal in the current colonial equation. The unilateral decision by the United States to transfer its embassy to Jerusalem had inflamed the situation, he added, recalling that resolution 478 (1980) prohibited such actions. The United States, which supported the occupying Power, was not merely an obstacle to peace; it was now part of the problem, not part of the solution, he said, stressing that the mechanisms of the International Criminal Court should be triggered to conduct an investigation to bring the perpetrators of yesterday's deadly violence to justice. Bolivia supported all international efforts to find a peaceful two-State solution, which would finally consolidate a free State of Palestine, he said, pointing out that, while exhaustive mention had been made of Iran and Hamas, no mention had been made of the real reason for the current situation, which was the occupation. Once that came to an end, then peace could begin. The problem was not Hamas; rather, it was that a State was illegally occupying a territory and subjecting a people to inhuman treatment, he said, underlining that only when that came to an end could the Council say it had done its duty.
OLOF SKOOG (Sweden) said his delegation was appalled by the violence witnessed in Gaza since 30 March, particularly yesterday's sharp escalation. While Israel had the right to protect itself and the people within its borders, it must fully respect the right to peaceful protest, protect civilians and ensure the strictly proportionate use of force and other measures. He urged all parties to act with the utmost restraint to avoid further loss of life and to protect civilians, particularly children. Emphasizing that the immediate priority must be to defuse the current tensions on the ground, he said all parties must take immediate steps to de-escalate the situation. Sweden regretted that the press statement proposed by Kuwait could not be adopted and hoped that a way forward on an appropriate public expression could be found.
GUSTAVO MEZA-CUADRA (Peru), calling for a full, transparent and independent investigation, expressed regret for the deeply deteriorating political and humanitarian situation regarding the question of Palestine. Noting that unilateral actions in Jerusalem could exacerbate an escalation of violence, he emphasized that the final status of that city could only be achieved through negotiations involving both parties. He called upon Israeli and the Palestinian authorities, as well as political, religious and social leaders, to act with moderation, urging both sides to re-establish a dialogue aimed at forging a sustainable peace and a two-State solution.
SUSANA RADEGUNDA EDJANG MANGUE (Equatorial Guinea) said that the bloody events in Gaza on 14 May had been streamed around the world, noting that more than 50 people had lost their lives. She called upon the international community to do its utmost to address the situation, emphasizing that both sides must refrain from any action that could increase tensions, end the violence and respect international law. Israel had a right to live in peace and security, but just as its right to exist could not be denied, neither could that of the Palestinians, which was how two independent States could coexist and share Jerusalem as a capital, she said. Countries with political influence in the Middle East must play a role as mediators between the warring parties, she added.
FRANÇOIS DELATTRE (France), noting that the Council's warnings issued at the end of March had not been heard, said this week's tragic situation further illustrated that Gaza's prevailing reality was untenable. The recent violence was anchored in a decade of Israeli blockade and aggravated by the stalled peace process, he said, emphasizing that the hopes of the Palestinian population — most of whom were under 18 years old — had been replaced by a sense that they had nothing to lose. Describing the response of the Israel Defense Forces as both inadequate and disproportionate, he said President Emmanuel Macron had clearly condemned it on 14 May. In that context, France called for full and immediate respect for international humanitarian law and for human rights, especially the right to peaceful protest. While Israel had a legitimate right to defend its security, it must do so without using disproportionate levels of force, he said. Condemning the indiscriminate fire directed at demonstrators — which nothing could justify — he also called upon the protesters to refrain from violence. The Council, for its part, should end its silence and deliver a clear public expression aimed at ending the escalation of violence, he emphasized. "Our collective responsibility is to preserve the parameters that will, in due course, allow us to reach a solution to the conflict." The status of Jerusalem should be examined by the parties as part of a future peace accord, he added.
MA ZHAOXU (China), opposing violent actions targeting civilians, called upon both parties, particularly the Israeli side, to avoid all actions that could exacerbate the situation. An independent investigation must determine what had happened on 14 May. Urging the parties to stop the violence, he said actions targeting civilians jeopardized the prospects for peace. Instead, efforts must be made to encourage the resumption of peace talks. Turning to the situation in Gaza, he called upon the international community to scale up support for basic services and infrastructure. On the issue of Jerusalem, he called upon all parties to bear in mind the importance of peace and tranquillity in the region and to avoid any actions that could escalate the current situation. The final status of Jerusalem could only be achieved through negotiations, he stressed, adding that the international community must adhere to the relevant resolutions, the land‑for‑peace initiative and the peace process.
KAIRAT UMAROV (Kazakhstan), expressing alarm at the situation in Gaza, including the increased loss of life, he also emphasized Israel's right to security. At the same time, Kazakhstan expressed its solidarity with the Palestinian people, particularly those civilians who had tragically lost their lives during what were supposed to be peaceful demonstrations, he said. Calling upon the Israeli authorities to exercise restraint, he expressed full support for the Palestinian people's right to self-expression and peaceful demonstrations. It was imperative that the conditions for a political solution be created in a regional context already marked by strong tensions, he said, calling upon the leaders of Israel and Palestine to take concrete steps to preserve the possibility of peaceful coexistence based on a two-State solution.
TEKEDA ALEMU (Ethiopia) reiterated the call for Israel's security forces to exercise maximum restraint in their use of live fire. Noting that Jerusalem was a final status issue that must be resolved through direct negotiations between the two parties on the basis of the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions, taking into account the legitimate concerns of both Palestinians and Israelis, he said it was critical to preserve the possibility of a solution through the two-State formula. It was the only viable option, and all arguments to the contrary were unrealistic. As such, ways and means must be found to save the two-State formula, premised on dependable security for Israel and the realization of Palestinian national aspirations. Any attempt to run away from that reality would lead to more violence, he warned, pressing the parties to engage in direct negotiations to reach a final settlement on all issues, and the Council to encourage them to do so.
ALCIDE DJEDJE (Côte d'Ivoire) called upon both sides to refrain from unilateral actions that would exacerbate the situation, emphasizing that there was no alternative but peace. Urging them to return to the negotiating table, he also encouraged them to engage in constructive dialogue based on the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions. Reaffirming his country's support for a negotiated two-State solution, he stressed that the status of Jerusalem must be settled through negotiations. He called for the resumption of Israeli-Palestinian talks, expressing hope that they would together overcome the political impasse and make strides towards lasting peace.
KAREL JAN GUSTAAF VAN OOSTEROM (Netherlands) said "we cannot afford to put the peace process on the back burner", adding that the events of 14 May only underlined the fact that the current trajectory only led to the loss of life — the highest numbers killed in Gaza since 2014. Noting that the fact-finding assessment mechanism had been established to review the actions of the Israel Defense Forces since 30 March, he called upon Israel to ensure its responses were proportionate at all times. He strongly urged Palestinians to maintain the peaceful character of protests, adding that calls to "storm Israel" were unacceptable. Furthermore, the demolition of the Palestinian side of the Karm Abusalem/Kerem Shalom crossing only harmed Palestinian interests, he said, calling upon the de facto authorities to ensure the safety of that crossing. He described unilateral steps regarding the future status of Jerusalem as unwise and counterproductive, emphasizing that the Netherlands would continue to respect the international consensus on the city as embodied in resolution 478 (1980). Only a two-State solution would allow both sides to fulfil their respective aspirations, and achieve a just and lasting peace, he said, urging the Middle East Quartet (European Union, Russian Federation, United Nations, United States) to address the negative spiral and the Council to unite in efforts to de-escalate the situation.
DMITRY A. POLYANSKIY (Russian Federation) expressed deep concern over the escalating tensions that had coincided with the transfer of the United States embassy to Jerusalem and the anniversary of the Day of Catastrophe. Negotiations on pressing issues, including Jerusalem, must be conducted by Israelis and Palestinians, he emphasized. Reaffirming the right to peaceful protest, he said the Russian Federation condemned the use of force against civilians. The four-year-long political vacuum had seen irresponsible politicians taking destructive actions, breaking lives and hopes. Resuming the political negotiations in accordance with Security Council decisions and the provisions of the Arab Peace Initiative was the way forward towards establishing two States with Jerusalem as a joint capital, he said. The Russian Federation maintained its offer to host a summit of the Israeli and Palestinian parties, he added, welcoming the involvement in peace efforts of constructively minded regional players such as Egypt. He emphasized that, despite the ambitious plans of some international players in unfolding their grandiose projects, the world had not become safer. While the situation in Palestine was a good example that such efforts were going in the wrong direction, he said those undertaking such steps had made clear their intentions to continue on that path.
JOANNA WRONECKA (Poland), Council President for May, spoke in her national capacity, expressing great concern over the loss of life in Gaza during the protests. Calling upon all to show utmost restraint, she condemned all acts of terrorism and incitement to violence. "We expect all to ensure that civilians, and particularly children, are not put in any danger," she said, calling for an independent and transparent investigation into those incidents and emphasizing that the use of force must be proportionate. Poland pressed Israel to exercise maximum restraint in the use of live fire and to respect the right to peaceful protest, she said, adding that Hamas and those leading the demonstrations in Gaza must ensure they remained peaceful. She called upon all parties to comply with international humanitarian and human rights law. Reiterating Poland's commitment to a two-State solution, she said the future capital of both States must materialize through negotiations. The status of Jerusalem should assume mutual recognition of historical relations, she said, adding that her country would continue to respect the international consensus on Jerusalem as embodied in resolution 478 (1980) until the city's final status was resolved.
RIYAD MANSOUR, Permanent Observer for the State of Palestine, thanked the Council for honouring the slain and described the odious massacre that had claimed more than 60 lives and injured many. Emphasizing that the occupation was the main source of tension, he called for a full investigation and questioned why one State was blocking all other Council members from calling for independent inquiries into what amounted to a war crime against the Palestinian people, who had been exiled for more than 70 years. The oppression continued in occupied territories, including East Jerusalem, while Israel remained immune, he noted. He said that, for weeks, his delegation had begged the Council to help to prevent another massacre, and asked whether the Council had failed to hear the calls or take them seriously. One Council member had blocked all efforts to examine the situation on the ground.
"How many more Palestinians have to die before you take action?", he asked, wondering how members would react if the same killings of unarmed people had taken place in their own countries. While the world had early warning mechanisms and means to resolve conflicts, no such tools had been applied. Since the international community had passed laws and encouraged the protection of the rights of every human being, why were Palestinians the exception and how long would the Council practise that double standard?
The occupying Power had killed more than 60 people, including children, in less than 24 hours, using deadly ammunition and weapons and employing such force against civilians that it could be defined as terrorism, he said. "We do not accept being the exception," he added. Civilians had the right to assemble peacefully and demonstrate. Rejecting the ongoing racist discourse, including the insinuation that Palestinians were responsible for their own deaths because they were protesting the occupying Power's odious actions, he called for urgent action to ensure the protection of children, women and journalists and the application of international law, particularly because the occupying Power had violated numerous Council resolutions, as well as the Geneva Conventions.
He went on to state that the provocative transfer of the United States embassy to Jerusalem was in violation of Council resolutions, emphasizing that no country had the right to imperil Palestinian territory under occupation, especially since the status of Jerusalem should be determined through negotiations, nor the right to act in flagrant violation of international law. The Trump Administration had refused to listen to what the world was saying and to respect international law. The United States was a superpower that should be protecting Council resolutions and abiding by international law, not ignoring the situation on the ground, he stressed. Moving the embassy on the anniversary of the Day of Catastrophe was a provocation for millions of Muslims and Christians, he said. The United States should have exerted pressure on Israel to end violations against the Palestinian people and created an environment conducive to peace talks. Instead, they had decided to protect Israel from accountability, giving Israeli authorities the green light to displace a greater number of people and to continue their destructive activities, such as the decade-long Gaza blockade, which amounted to the war crime of administering collective punishment.
The suffering in Gaza continued, he said, asking for serious measures to exert pressure on the occupying Power to end the blockade in accordance with international law, and calling for continued support for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Calling also on the Council to take swift, decisive action to stop the violence, he asked for the effective implementation of resolutions with a view to ending the brutal conditions facing the Palestinian people, and underlined that urgent action was needed to save the lives of civilians and prevent the situation from deteriorating further. States must translate their words into immediate action to end the Israeli occupation, he said. "Our people have waited for a long time. We can no longer wait for an end to this injustice."
DANNY DANON (Israel) said his country had faced violent riots at the security fence with the Gaza Strip. Rioters had thrown Molotov cocktails, planted explosive devices, rolled burning tyres, thrown flaming materials over the fence — igniting widespread fires across Israel's southern agricultural lands — and attempted to forcibly breach the fence and infiltrate Israeli territory. Hamas, a globally recognized terrorist organization, had radicalized its people, he said, recalling that, on 11 May, a Hamas-led mob had set fire to the Kerem Shalom border crossing, setting gas lines and electricity infrastructure on fire. The Israel Defense Forces had found and destroyed the ninth Hamas terror tunnel since last October, running along the Erez pedestrian crossing and ending metres from a village in Israel.
"Hamas lives on death" of both Israeli civilians and the innocent people in Gaza that it used as human shields, he said, adding that its terrorists hid behind children to ensure their own survival. Citing information provided by a Gaza resident, he said Hamas instructed its activists to cut the fence and steal Israel's security cameras in order to topple the fence and disrupt the activities of the Israel Defense Forces. Hamas wanted the international media to see the riots as a popular uprising rather than violent action led by its militants, he said, adding that Hamas terrorists hid behind civilians during the riots. If the fence was breached, heavily armed Hamas terrorists would enter Israeli territory "under cover of the mob" and attack Israeli civilians.
When a mob terrorized the fence, he continued, too many in the international community legitimized the Palestinian voice of violence. However, when it came to the safety of Israel's public, the world was silent. Describing the Palestinian "cycle of death", he said that, as soon as Palestinians announced plans for so‑called "days of rage", Israel understood that Hamas would incite people to violence, place civilians in harm's way, count terrorists as civilian casualties and both demand and receive the sympathy of the United Nations. "We predicted this situation many months ago," he said, noting that some in the international community had fallen into the trap and given Palestinians the attention they sought.
Recalling that, in 1948, when the United Nations had proposed the creation of a Jewish State and an Arab State in the land of Israel, the Jews had been given a portion of their historic homeland and they had taken it, grateful for having returned home. But, the Palestinians could not bear to share what had been Israeli land to begin with — "so they assaulted us". While Israel had ultimately won that battle, Palestinian violence would not relent and too many in the international community "let them get away with it", allowing them to inspire resolutions equating Zionism with racism. Moreover, Israel had disengaged from Gaza in 2005, but the enclave had never reached its potential because Hamas had taken it over in 2006. Rather than invest in education, infrastructure and the economy, the group had spent its resources on terrorizing Israel, he said.
The international community, with a few brave exceptions, had done nothing to stop Palestinians from terrorizing Israel on the world stage, he said, adding that it was only by breaking the cycle of orchestrated riots, planned casualties and pleas for United Nations sympathy could justice be served. He said that, amid the celebrations around the seventieth anniversary of the State of Israel, those claiming that the decision to move the United States embassy to Jerusalem — Israel's ancient and rightful capital — was the reason for Palestinian violence should re-examine history. That explanation was simply the latest in Palestinian excuses for violence against Israel, he said, adding that, if the Council sought to uphold security, justice and truth, it must set the standard of behaviour. It must tell Hamas that violence was not the answer. It must call out lies, condemn Hamas violence and place itself on the right side of history.
For information media. Not an official record.
Document Type: Press Release, Webcast
Document Sources: Department of Public Information (DPI), Security Council, United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process (UNSCO)
Subject: Casualties, Gaza Strip, Protests, Security issues
URL source: http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sc13338.doc.htm
Christopher Heaney2018-05-18T16:13:55-04:00
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text:
The 1986 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Copenhagen, Denmark from January 28 to February 2, 1986. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Competition notes
Jozef Sabovcik of Czechoslovakia landed a quadruple toe loop. It was recognized at the event but then ruled invalid three weeks later due to a touchdown with his free foot.

Results

Men

Ladies

Pairs

Ice dancing

References

External links
 results

European Figure Skating Championships, 1986
European Figure Skating Championships, 1986
European Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by Denmark
1980s in Copenhagen
International sports competitions in Copenhagen
January 1986 sports events in Europe
February 1986 sports events in Europe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
News Center 2014 March Maxed Out By Media
Is something always on at your house? How about when you were growing up? Pretty different, huh?
Today kids are bombarded with television, the iPad, home computer, handheld devices, or the Xbox, Wii or PlayStation—it can seem loud, confusing and sometimes stressful at home. Managing all this technology and limiting children's time on social media, video games and the internet can be especially challenging for parents. But it's important to do.
Many parents don't realize how much screen time their children are consuming. According to Common Sense Media, 77% of 8- to 15-year-olds said they'd rather give up TV than give up the internet. And while most American parents estimate that their children spend about two hours a month on the internet, a Media Research Center study confirms that in reality, kids and teens are spending upwards of 20 hours a month surfing the Web.
A 2010 Kaiser Family Foundation report says children ages 8 to 18 spend an average of seven hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, video games and other content. It's not surprising that the study also revealed that 41% of U.S. teens claim their parents have no idea what they are looking at online.
Why does it matter that our children are consuming so much media? Because it is affecting their mental, physical and emotional health.
"Studies show that kids who play violent video games for an extended period of time tend to be more aggressive, are more prone to confrontation with their teachers, may get in fights with their peers, and perform worse in school," explains Dr. Wayley Louie, of the Torrance Memorial Physician Network, Pediatrics, in the Network's Manhattan Beach office.
Dr. Louie confirmed the "off switches" in kids' brains aren't fully developed until kids reach their early 20s. That means they need rules and structure to help them turn off the computer. Growing children need to be able to have real lives independent of their cyber ones to develop socially, emotionally and even physically.
However, Dr. Louie notes there are a few benefits from media involvement in small doses. "Some of the mental skills enhanced by playing video games include following instructions, problem-solving, logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor, spatial skills, memory and concentration," he explains.
The problem occurs when children over-saturate themselves with a bombardment of media, images, violent games, social messaging, etc.— affecting the way our children think, react and see the world. That is why the American Academy of Pediatrics is now recommending physicians add questions to pediatric well-check visits regarding media.
In the past, typical questions asked at well visits are about growth milestones, nutrition, sleeping habits, vision, emotional and social development. Now pediatricians "are encouraged to take a media history and ask two media questions at every well-child visit: 'How much recreational screen time does your child or teenager consume daily?' And 'Is there a TV set or internet-connected device in the child's bedroom?'"
Brenda Randall, a Manhattan Beach mother of three—ages 8, 10 and 12—has struggled more recently when it comes to limiting media for her children—as so many of her kids' friends have more freedom than her own. Her advice is for parents to remember that they are not their children's friend but their parent, and to dig deep to find "tough love."
"What I tell my children when they tell me, 'But Moooommmm, everyone else gets more play time than we do' is 'I don't really care what everyone else is doing in their house. This is my house, my rules, and when you have your own house, you can make your own rules.' They can scream, pout, yell, do whatever they want. I just ignore them," says Randall.
It's easier to limit media consumption when kids are active, and Randall keeps her kids busy with soccer and hockey. She did admit that it has been much harder to limit video games with her son than it is with her two girls. Thankfully, her son is consumed with hockey. As a competitive level player for a travel hockey club, he spends hours and hours on the ice each week.
Even so, Randall says she created house rules. During the week, "almost no" TV and zero video gaming. Video games, which are the hardest for her to limit, are only played on weekends and luckily, they have many games and activities. No internet-connected devices are in bedrooms with the one exception of her son's iPad, now required for homework at middle school. Her oldest is allowed his phone on days there are hockey practices in cases of emergency.
Another challenge is how to handle play dates, as other kids have other rules. "I do try and limit the amount of video gaming during play dates at my home. If my son goes to a friend's house, I can't really monitor. I just let him go with the flow. When at my house, I don't allow them to play a full hour without stopping and without switching and playing outside for at least the same amount of time or more. They're usually pretty good about switching between indoor and outdoor. Sometimes, they end up watching a little TV instead of playing video games, and if they have homework, that comes first of course."
She empathizes with parents of boys, as she notices that her son is "much more attached" to games and devices than her girls.
"He is really attached to his video games. First it was the Wii, then it became the Xbox, then the school iPad (until I removed all the games and added restriction filters to the iPad). Now it appears to be his iPhone. I think it's a challenge for us because he might feel he doesn't get enough time to play, and the little time he gets during the weekend, he doesn't want to sacrifice. With that being said, he usually ends up getting banned for some reason or another because he doesn't stop playing when we ask him to. I think there's so much technology out there—and video companies come out with something new every week—that he doesn't have a minute to miss!"
Both Randall and Dr. Louie agree that parents just have to continue the fight to limit media time and keep kids active. "Multiple studies have shown that excessive media use can lead to attention problems, school difficulties, sleep and eating disorders and obesity," reiterates Dr. Louie.
With that in mind, parents must remember that two things will likely happen as your children enter middle school and teen years. The first is that they'll want to engage in more games and social media.
The second is that they'll probably argue and fight house rules—showing how powerfully addictive media is. Experts say you should understand that, expect it, and keep your cool. Continue to ban children if they disregard time limits and remember to be a good role model by staying active and limiting your own media time!


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text:
Dr. T. David Burleigh
T. David Burleigh, PhD & PE
T. David Burleigh, PhD, PE
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
burleigh@nmt.edu
Jones 114
Video: 10 min Research Talk
Corrosion and prevention
Anodizing of steel
Corrosion resistant magnesium alloys
Corrosion of roll bonded aluminum
Microbial influenced corrosion of copper alloys
Ph.D. in Metallurgy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1981-1985
M.Sc. in Metallurgy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1978-1980
B.Sc. in Mineral Engineering-Physics Colorado School of Mines, 1974-1978
Plain Language Summaries of Recent Research
Rapid Anodizing of Steel for Corrosion Resistance
Dr. Burleigh's research lab has developed the process for anodizing steel in hot caustic solutions. The anodic oxide is a thin layer of magnetite (Fe3O4) and protects the steel from rusting in humid atmospheres and in water. Additional protection can be achieved by filling the pores with oils such as WD40. The current process works on 1010 steel and takes 5 minutes to grow the oxide film. Current research effort is shortening the time to 10-30 seconds and also developing the process to work on different types of steel.
T.D. Burleigh, P. Schmuki and S. Virtanen, Properties of the Nanoporous Anodic Oxide Electrochemically Grown on Steel in Hot 50% NaOH. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, (Jan 2009), 156, 1, C45-C53.
T.D. Burleigh, T.C. Dotson, K.T. Dotson, S.J. Gabay, T. Sloan, S.G. Ferrell, Anodizing Steel in KOH and NaOH Solutions, Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Oct. 2007), 154, 10, 579-586.
How to Anodize Steel, published Oct. 8, 2015, >58k views
Bioabsorbable Magnesium Alloys for Medical Implants
Dr. Burleigh's research lab has been developing magnesium alloys and coatings for medical implants. The objective is to control the dissolution rate of orthopedic screws and staples so that there is no need for a second surgery to retrieve the painful implant.
Papers submitted
S. Khalifeh, T.D. Burleigh, Effect of Anodizing Parameters on Corrosion Resistance of Coated Purified Magnesium, (submitted 2017).
S. Khalifeh, T.D. Burleigh, Super-Hydrophobic Stearic Acid Layer Formed on Anodized High Purified Magnesium for Improving Corrosion Resistance of Biodegradable Implants, (submitted 2017).
S. Khalifeh, T.D. Burleigh, Influence of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Purified Mg and AZ31 Alloy, (submitted 2016).
PhD Dissertation
Sohrab Khalifeh, Ph.D. Sept. 2017, Slowing the Corrosion Rate of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Implants.