Dr Matt Woolgar, a clinical psychologist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust's National CAMHS Adoption and Fostering Service, reviews requests by family law practitioners for therapeutic assessments, and advises on the way the legal and clinical professions can work harmoniously for the benefit of children and adolescent clients.
How often have you made a request to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) for a therapeutic assessment or for help to be provided for a child currently subject to care proceedings, only for the request to be declined? From reading the Family Law Week blog, I gather that this happens all too often, with the blogger's experience that CAMHS typically refuse to offer services to children in care proceedings. Sometimes a refusal occurs when CAMHS want placement stability to be evident before embarking upon assessment or intervention and that is certainly the ideal situation. However, I would argue that the failure of the various systems around children to provide them with stability should not bar them from accessing appropriate assessment and treatment, not least because these children are often the most needy of an already very vulnerable group.
I work in a national CAMHS service for adopted and fostered children. This type of service is not quite the same as a local Looked After Children's service (sometimes called CLAMHS) with which many of you will have had contact. We routinely see children at any stage of the care process, including those who sometimes fall through the gaps between services, e.g., those whose established placement is breaking down or who are currently subject to care proceedings where their future placements are unknown. These gaps arise due to a number of reasons. Sometimes the service model adopted by a local team prioritises long-term therapeutic work over other care options; if this is the case then it can be impractical to work with children whose future is unknown. In contrast, I would argue that it is quite possible to provide a helpful service for children whose future placements are unknown, following appropriate best-practice models (for example, see guidelines by Chaffin et al, 2006), which deal with the current situation, while simultaneously planning for the future longer term care needs. However, the problems that arise accessing services for children in care proceedings are not just to do with some CAMHS service models. Another common reason concerns the way in which legal and social care professionals communicate with CAMHS.
My aim with this article is to consider some reasons why this unacceptable impasse arises, to facilitate a dialogue between the different understandings and to offer some practical examples of how to get around it.
While the nature and range of mental health problems relating specifically to children involved in care proceedings are not well established, we do know a lot about the related and overlapping group of children who are looked after (i.e., in foster care). For example, we know from excellent UK research that children who are looked after suffer elevated rates of mental health problems, and that these problems cannot be solely attributed to being from families with higher than average levels of social risk and disadvantage (Ford et al, 2007). This evidence tells us the sorts of disorders we can expect to see and which are much more common than in children raised in birth families. They include behavioural disorders (39% vs. 4%), ADHD (9% vs. 1%), anxiety disorders (11% vs. 4%, especially PTSD 2% vs. 0.1%), as well as elevated rates of neurodevelopmental problems (13% vs. 3%) and autism (3% vs. 0.3%). There is a very similar picture with regard to educational problems, with increases in significant intellectual delay (11% vs. 1%), literacy/numeracy problems (34% vs. 10%) and statements of educational needs (23% vs. 3%). The raised incidence of such problems is not simply derived from living in conditions of social disadvantage, because these problems are also between 2 and 10 fold higher than in children raised within birth families facing significant social adversity. There are unique risks in being a looked after child, over and above the well-known risks of social disadvantage.
Children in care proceedings are likely to share many of the problems of looked after children but will frequently have the additional risk of on-going uncertainty regarding whether they are to be removed from their primary caregivers and attachment figures, and where their future might lie. Given this, their presentation is likely to be especially complex and requires a comprehensive assessment. This involves a high degree of clinical skill and considerable experience of working with the mental health and well-being needs of this very vulnerable population… so why is it that CAMHS services, which ought to be well placed to carry out the requisite multidisciplinary assessments, seem so often to refuse to assess them? I will use a recent example from our service, which is well equipped to offer assessment and intervention to children in care proceedings, to illustrate some of the communication and expectation problems which CAMHS may experience with family law professionals.
Our service provides intensive multidisciplinary assessment, within the NHS, usually in one session with a care plan provided at the end of the day, usually in a professionals meeting. Where indicated some interventions can start immediately. These interventions are evidence based and therefore do differ from the requests frequently seen in LOIs and court reports (and for which I know of no convincing evidence) typically of the form 'long-term intensive psychotherapy to deal with their difficulties'. For local cases we can ourselves offer evidence-based interventions within our clinic or as appropriate, and for national cases provide recommendations for similar treatments to be undertaken locally with CLAMHS or CAMHS. Where there are direct implications for the child's mental health and well-being we may also make specific recommendations about placements.
A recent case came to our service in which a child had been in long-drawn out care proceedings. The guardian had recognised that the child needed a clinical assessment independent of the other issues about placement. We agreed to see the child and current carers, perform a clinical assessment and provide recommendations for his mental health and well-being. Of course, we were happy for our report to inform his care planning and to help the other professionals in the relevant networks consider how his clinical needs could inform their thinking, and to meet with them to discuss this in a formal setting. Having been clear that we were not providing expert opinion for court, we received just days before the assessment, as so often happens, an unsolicited half metre high bundle of unsorted paperwork and a long LOI which bore no relation to the previously agreed aims of our clinical assessment.
From the CAMHS perspective this feels like a 'back door' request for a court report. A more charitable interpretation is that it reflects the habitual response of solicitors in their dealings with clinicians to operate via LOIs. I can understand the mistake – we are professionals skilled in the relevant area and some of our clinicians have also worked in the dedicated NHS Child Care Assessment Team within our hospital. But the piece of clinical work we proposed is of a different kind. It provides different information under different frameworks and with different cost implications for the NHS. Our standard fixed-price assessments can cost referrers (e.g. NHS PCTs or social services etc.) less than a tenth of a high quality, multidisciplinary court report, and there are very good reasons for that. This is not the place to explain the financial factors in detail, but at the very least, there is no way a team such as ours, geared up to offer quick responses to children's immediate needs, could read through bundles of court papers or make sense of an LOI and still provide comprehensive clinical assessments for the high number of children in urgent need of them. Indeed, while our report in this instance made recommendations about contact and placement, this was because these factors had direct impact upon our assessment of managing this child's immediate clinical needs and were therefore part of a normal care plan.
It can take a lot of time for clinicians to deal with solicitors, who of course can be under great pressure from the court to deliver quick outcomes. The mismatch in expectations between solicitors and clinicians may lead to strained communication, in which clinicians can feel under pressure to go beyond their usual service and solicitors let down, expecting something quite different from what can be realistically offered in a purely clinical assessment. As a national service, which must negotiate funding and treatment options with referrers, we are familiar with the need to reach a common understanding and a plan with which all parties are satisfied. If attempts are made to change the agreed program at the last minute we may need to cancel the case, which wastes time and resources all round, but more importantly fails the child. In the light of these complexities, it can be a lot easier for CAMHS to refuse cases in the midst of proceedings and to wait until things are more stable, so that a decent clinical assessment and treatment can proceed relatively unhindered. This is especially true if the preferred service model is primarily focussed upon a long-term therapeutic orientation rather than upon comprehensive assessment.
Good practice guidelines for the assessment and treatment of children who have experienced maltreatment and disruption in their attachment relationships are fairly simple (e.g., Chaffin et al, 2006): secure a decent placement; ensure that a thorough mental health assessment is conducted that considers common disorders; take an evidence-based treatment approach to the problems identified; and engage with and support education as much as possible. This permits a stage-like approach, in which acute problems are addressed straightaway, with a view to stabilise placements. Indeed, much can be done even in a single session or with a brief and time-limited piece of work, without precluding the need for some longer-term work, if indicated, down the line when placement stability allows. For example, in so far as attachment issues may need to be addressed, the evidence tells us that the best way to do this is not through individual psychotherapy but by ensuring long term stability with decent carers, who can show sensitive responding.
Ideally teams should be prepared to do both the comprehensive assessments necessary to address acute problems as well as thinking about the longer term issues which can be addressed once placement stability permits. Having said that, it would be unwise to start some evidence-based treatments for frank mental health problems when a child is in an unstable placement. For example, addressing PTSD symptoms might be contraindicated if there is not a safe and secure placement around a child. Starting a potentially distressing intervention before maximising its chance of success within the buffer of a safe and stable placement would be unwise and could be unethical. However, I would argue it is still possible to assess the full range of current problems and to begin to think what the child's immediate clinical needs might be as well as identify those likely to be helpful in the longer term.
Finally, I offer an example to highlight what can be done, regardless of the stage of the proceedings, to meet a child's current clinical needs. The case relates to two primary school-aged brothers in care proceedings following allegations of neglect in the home and evidence of sexual abuse by a third party. I contrast our reports with the expert report commissioned for the same case that sought to respond to a different set of needs, i.e., a LOI that had little emphasis on current clinical phenomena and a reliance upon psychotherapy style themes rather than the evidence base. We frequently see cases in which there have already been conducted expert reports of extremely variable quality; in this instance the report was, in my opinion, certainly one of the poorest I have seen. I believe the variable quality of expert reports is a significant problem, encompassing ethics, effective safeguarding, competence and even value for money, but this is a different issue so I will skip over it in the current article.
The expert report in question, stretching to over 100 pages, was based on several consultations over a period of weeks and hence likely to have been costly. The findings relevant to the clinical issues indicated no diagnosable mental health disorders, but recommended that both boys would need long term psychotherapy for trauma (even though this is not an indicated treatment for trauma). The report also noted that during a play therapy assessment one brother picked up a police car, but the other did not. This was interpreted as the first brother having a well-developed superego, while the second may not. According to the report, the second brother would therefore be at risk of becoming a sexual offender, based on the fact that he had been a victim of sexual abuse himself. Following the recommendations made in the report, school had felt compelled to provide a 1:1 worker, not to support the child's learning, but to permit continuous surveillance of him in order to reduce his risk to other children.
Whilst these proceedings were underway, our NHS service accepted a referral from social services about the boys' well-being. One session of multidisciplinary team assessment (including psychiatry, clinical psychology and specialist social work) was conducted for both boys and their carers. This produced two reports of less than ten pages each for each boy. The findings were presented at the end of the single session, provided in the context of a pre-arranged professionals meeting and indicated multiple mental health problems. Both boys had intellectual delay and difficulties with adaptive functioning, indicating significant learning disability, so a referral to Children with Learning Disabilities Services was made. Both boys also had a specific learning disability (i.e., dyslexia) over and above their intellectual delay, with their literacy skills behind both their chronological age and IQ. Thus, the plan was to liaise with school with recommendations to address the difficulties and to support the immediate start of the Statementing process. Both boys had conduct disorder, so the plan was to meet with the carers to begin an evidence-based parenting program as indicated by NICE guidelines. Even if an alternative placement were to be directed by court, it would still be beneficial to get a dose of an effective treatment into the caregiving system for the boys. One boy had ADHD, based on clinic observations plus school and carer reports, hence his diagnosis was hyperkinetic conduct disorder, which in the context of literacy problems, has a particularly poor prognosis. Therefore the assessment suggested that he would need particularly effective parenting to avoid a poor outcome. The plan was to begin a medication trial and an evidence-based parenting program, as per NICE guidelines. There was no evidence of current trauma symptoms, so no treatment for this was indicated, but if trauma were present the treatment would have been trauma-focussed CBT as per NICE guidelines (and not long term psychotherapy). Instead, the recommendations were for 'watchful waiting' and to educate the system about the possibility of sleeper effects, e.g., the possibility of trauma symptoms reappearing in later development. There was no evidence of sexually harmful or inappropriate behaviours reported in home or school and so the plan included the strong recommendation to remove the 1:1 monitoring of the child in school and instead to consider him as a victim of abuse and not, on current evidence, a likely perpetrator. The 1:1 surveillance would probably inhibit his opportunities for normal social development and integration, and needed to be removed. This was discussed in the professionals meeting and backed up by a report within 2 weeks, to help school justify the revised risk-management arrangements.
Most of these plans can be begun very quickly, some on the same day, and can be carried forward to any further placement. They do not require proven placement stability and can be applied whatever else is going on during care proceedings. This service approach works because it is quick and flexible, focussing on what the evidence and best practice are telling us we need to do for children who have been maltreated and who may have attachment difficulties. Namely, facilitate a decent stable placement; promote educational engagement; identify frequently occurring distressing disorders with a thorough assessment, and then treat them with evidence-based approaches. For example, ensuring that the current educational placement suits their needs as soon as possible is entirely consistent with maximising their engagement with education. Even if, following the court's decision about their future, the boys were to move school, this would not have been a wasted effort. In order to encourage educational engagement we want to minimise the negative experience of school as soon as possible and to ensure it quickly becomes as rewarding. Such an approach, designed to give quick outputs, does not preclude the possibility of longer-term work, nor the need for extensive involvement with services in the future, nor should it be seen as in competition with other longer term approaches, but complimentary to them.
I would argue there is a joint responsibility for CAMHS to be prepared to adopt a variety of service models to address children's needs throughout their journey into and out of the care system, but also for legal professionals, guardians and social workers to be aware of the difference between a clinical assessment and an expert report. So if you have a client in the midst of care proceedings, and you think they need a mental health assessment, talk to a specialist NHS service with capacity for multidisciplinary team assessments and a commitment to working with the evidence base. All parties will need to be prepared to negotiate a common ground and this has the potential to be mutually enlightening, even if it does take up more time than a routine clinical case. But please do not ask an NHS service, which is primarily about assessing clinical needs to do a court report on the cheap. They will not appreciate the invitation, not least because it stops them seeing other vulnerable children who also need a service!
Chaffin, M., Hanson, R., Saunders, B. E., Nichols, T., Barnett, D., Zeanah, C., et al. (2006). Report of the APSAC Task Force on Attachment Therapy, Reactive Attachment Disorder, and Attachment Problems. Child Maltreatment, Vol.11(1), 76-89.
Ford, T., Vostanis, P., Meltzer, H., & Goodman, R. (2007). Psychiatric disorder among British children looked after by local authorities: Comparison with children living in private households. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), 319-325.


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Music Channing Tatum Jessie J Concerts
Channing Tatum Brought Daughter Everly to a Jessie J Concert
Nov 2, 2018 at 6:32 am UTC / Last Updated at Jun 10, 2019 at 22:04 pm UTC By TheBlast Staff
Jessie J is definitely helping new boyfriend Channing Tatum win the cool dad award, because he brought his daughter to her concert in Hollywood on a school night!
Tatum brought his 5-year-old daughter with Jenna Dewan to The Wiltern in Hollywood on Thursday night and was seen arriving backstage before the concert.
The stop in L.A. was part of Jessie's R.O.S.E. tour, and according to her fans in attendance, the show was amazing.
Earlier in the day, the "Magic Mike" star was seen leaving the singer's home after spending the night following a Halloween trick-or-treating session with his estranged wife, Dewan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag Archives: FANTASY BATTLE
FANTASY WAR STORY
December 23, 2020 gradypbrown	Leave a comment
I thought of a new story idea for my fantasy series. It will be a war story that has a similar feel to 1917 and Saving Private Ryan except it will take place in a medieval-style fantasy world. The story will revolve around a squad of peasant conscripts as they traverse a war-torn battlefield. Along the way, they will encounter fields of corpses, burned villages, and besieged towns. In addition, they have encounters with both their countrymen and enemy soldiers. To make the journey even more hazardous, these soldiers won't have the best armor and weapons. This is due to the fact that they are peasants and can only afford cheap weapons and bring equipment from home. Meanwhile, they encounter soldiers who are better equipped and more battle-hardened than they are. They will also catch glimpses of dragons and magic. Overall, it is going to be a story with a lot of moving parts.
AUTHORBATTLEBOOKFANTASYFANTASY BATTLENOVELWARWRITER
GAME OF THRONES SEASON 8: BATTLE OF WINTERFELL
March 20, 2019 gradypbrown	Leave a comment
I am looking forward to the upcoming final battle of Winterfell in Game of Thrones Season 8. If the rumors can be believed, then this one battle is going to be the longest battle ever filmed in either movie or television. Like many battles we saw in the series, we will be seeing that battle unfold from the point of view of several characters. The filmmakers said they drew inspiration from the Battle of Helms Deep in The Lord of the Rings.
Now let us take a look at the numbers and advantages of both sides are. For the White Walkers, Daenerys claimed that their army consisted of at least 100,000 wights, at least three giants, at least 99 White Walkers, and one undead dragon that is powerful enough to breach the Wall. Now that the Wall is breached, the Army of the Dead will continue to grow in number with each castle, town, and village that crosses their path. By the time they reach Winterfell, the Army of the Dead may number to about 120,000 or 130,000 strong.
For the living, the White Walkers will be up against the combined armies of the North, Vale, Unsullied, and Dothraki. Due to the casualties they sustained throughout the War of the Five Kings, the North's current military strength has been stated to be less than 10,000. Due to remaining neutral throughout the War of the Five Kings and participating in only a single battle, the Knights of the Vale are still at full strength at 20,000 strong. Due to the casualties they sustained while occupying Meereen and taking Casterly Rock, the Unsullied's numbers have shrunk from 8,000 to between 7,500 and 7,000. The Dothraki participated in a single battle when they numbered 100,000, but they still have a respectably big army between 90,000 to 80,000 strong. There are rumors that Jaime Lannister will try to rally of the remaining Riverland armies on his way to the North. Since the Riverlands was where the bulk of the fighting took place in the War of the Five Kings, it is likely they can only muster between a few hundred or a few thousand at best. In total, Winterfell will be garrisoned by an army that was between 120,000 to 130,000 strong. Also, this alliance will be armed with dragonglass, two dragons, and a few Valyrian steel blades. In addition, there have been reports that Wintefell's defenses will be greatly increased as well.
Due to these numbers and advantages, it looks like the armies of the living and the dead are evenly matched and it could be anyone's fight. One way for another, the fate of the Seven Kingdoms and probably the Known World will be decided at Winterfell. And the heroes still have Cersei Lannister to deal with afterwards. It is going to be an epic final season!
A SONG OF ICE AND FIREFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEGAME OF THRONESshow
SWAMP BATTLE
At the end of my first spin-off fantasy book, there will be a brutal battle that takes place in a swamp. It will pit 1,200 infantry and archers against 6,000 cavalry as they try to overpower one another in a bottleneck. Like the Scots and the Welsh in medieval times, one army will consist of guerrilla fighters who use the terrain to their advantage. At one point, the swamp will be on fire! It is going to be a bloody battle that will serve as a turning point in the war one way or another. I will be basing some of the tactics of this battle from the Battle of Loudon Hill and the Battle of Agincourt. Both of these battles involved a small army that was outnumbered five to one and found ways to negate their enemies' numerical superiority and defy the odds.
AUTHORBOOKFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEINSPIRATIONMEDIEVALNOVELWRITER
VARIED WEAPONS
While researching medieval warfare, I came to discover a vast arsenal of various weapons. Some of those weapons most people don't know of. I even included these weapons in my fantasy series to make the battles more authentic by medieval standards. Here are some examples of the weapons I discovered. In case you read my fantasy series and don't know what a weapon is, you can find it here. In the first volume of my spin-off fantasy series, there will be a grueling pitched battle that involves the use of many of the weapons pictured above. Due to one misfortune after another, this small army won't have access to standard issue polearms and shields. Instead, they will have access to a diverse collection of polearms and shields. Rather than just using spears as polearms, this small army will use halberds, poleaxes, glaives, pikes, bills, and bardiches. Instead of using one kind of shield for the whole army, they will use a mixture between round, heater, and kite shields. Imagine a shield wall with all those kinds of shields locked together, bristling with all those different kinds of polearms. Now imagine a row of archers behind the wall of shields and polearms. Even though it would be a mismatched battle formation, I can envision it as a formidable foe for any army to face.
AUTHORBOOKFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEHISTORYINSPIRATIONMEDIEVALNOVELWEAPONWRITER
THE BATTLE OF LOUDOUN HILL
January 20, 2019 gradypbrown	Leave a comment
One of my new favorite battles from the Scottish War of Independence is the Battle of Loudoun Hill. This battle was depicted at the end of the film The Outlaw King. I researched the actual battle and the film depicted the battle very accurately despite a few changes that were made. After my ancestor, Robert the Bruce, was crowned King of Scots, he suffered serious defeats while fighting the English. After evading the English and rivals Scots, Robert the Bruce rallied 600 infantry to his cause to combat 3,000 English knights and cavalry. The location of the battle was right in the middle of a road that had thick marshlands on either side. In a direct contest of brute strength, the Scots stood no chance against the English. In order to negate the English's numerical advantage, the Scots used the road as a bottleneck and dug ditches to hinder the charges from English cavalry. If the English tried to flank the Scots, their horses would be stuck in the deep marshes and English knights would sink in the bog due to their heavy armor. Soon the battle turned into a one-sided massacre. Despite outnumbering the Scots five to one, the English were defeated and forced to retreat to the nearest castle to avoid being hunted down by battle-crazed Scots. Overall, the tactics of this battle were nearly identical to the Battle of Stirling Bridge, which also used a bottleneck tactic to beat the English. For my spin-off fantasy trilogy, I will be depicting a similar battle.
AUTHORBATTLEBOOKFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEHISTORYINSPIRATIONMEDIEVALNOVELWRITER
BATTLE OF THE KINGSROAD
December 3, 2018 gradypbrown	Leave a comment
Even though I found the Dance of the Dragons to be a senseless war, there were quite a few epic battles and intriguing cutthroat politics. My favorite battle from the war that did not include a dragon would be the Battle of the Kingsroad. It was the very last battle of the Dance of the Dragons and ultimately decided the fate of the Targaryen Dynasty. After Rhaenyra Targaryen died, Lord Borros Baratheon of Storm's End finally emerged with his army to support King Aegon II. Even though Lord Baratheon sided with Aegon II, he stayed out of most of the war in order to avoid the dragons. With Rhaenyra dead and most of the dragons gone, Lord Borros saw this as his chance to support his king. By the time he reached King's Landing, word reached the Red Keep that one of Rhaenyra's last supporters, Kermit Tully of Riverrun, was leading an army of riverlords towards the capital in the name of Rhaenyra's last son, Aegon the Younger. Aegon II sent Borros Baratheon to defuse this threat and bolstered Borros's army until it was between seven to eight thousand strong. As he marched, Lord Baratheon had six hundred knights and four thousand infantry from the Stormlands and soldiers from the Crownlands. Lord Baratheon met the Tully host along the Kingsroad between a hill on one side and a forest on the other. After learning that the Tully army was being led by two boys and a woman, Lord Baratheon was arrogantly confident that he would win. However, because Borros and his men stayed out of the war, they did not participate in a single battle, which left them green, undisciplined, and inexperienced. Even though Borros was older than the Tullys and outnumbered their army two to one, Kermit Tully and his men were far more battle-hardened. One could argue that Kermit Tully was the Tully version of Robb Stark, a young man who was a natural as both a warrior and military commander. In the middle of the Kingsroad, Kermit Tully assembled an impregnable shield wall while his archers were perched on top of the hill. Lord Baratheon led his knights and infantry in a brute force attack against the shield wall, but the archers under the command of Alysanne Blackwood killed the Baratheon horses, collapsing the Baratheon vanguard as it struck the shield wall. Once the shield wall held the Stormlanders in place, Alysanne's young nephew Benjicot "Bloody Ben" Blackwood emerged from the forest and outflanked the Baratheon soldiers with his own men. When the Crownland levies saw the battle was lost, they either fled or defected to the Tullys and attacked the Baratheons from behind. With Borros and his men trapped in a pincer movement, the battle quickly turned into a one-sided massacre. Even after losing his horse, Borros Baratheon refused to yield and kept fighting until he was confronted by the teenage Kermit Tully himself. Kermit gave Borros one final chance to yield, but Borros cursed him instead. In response, Kermit Tully caved in Borros's skull with his morningstar. With Borros dead, the remainder of King Aegon II's army fled and King's Landing was wide open to attack from Kermit Tully's battle-hardened riverlords. Even with the last of his armies defeated and the armies of the North, Riverlands, and Vale closing in, Aegon II refused to surrender, which led to his poisoning by his own courtiers. The Battle of the Kingsroad led to the end of Aegon II's reign and paved the way to the reign of Aegon III AKA the Dragonbane.
A SONG OF ICE AND FIREBOOKFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEGAME OF THRONESNOVEL
TITANIC DRAGON BATTLE
I had a frightening and epic idea for a future fantasy work. It will involve three armies, each one with at least 40,000 men and four dragons, fighting one another in an apocalyptic battle that takes place throughout an entire day. By the time the battle is over, most of the men and dragons involved in the battle will be dead. The dragon fire used in the battle would be so intense that the battlefield will burn nonstop for days. Plants will be turned to dust, rocks will be superheated and melted, and the remains of man and dragon alike will be mummified like the victims of Pompeii. It is going to be unlike any other battle I ever wrote and I can't wait to write it. Wish me luck!
AUTHORBOOKDRAGONDRAGON FIREFANTASYFANTASY BATTLEFANTASY WORLDNOVELWRITER
MY FIRST TOTAL WAR BATTLE
September 21, 2018 gradypbrown	Leave a comment
I just fought my first battle in the Total War game and it was more than I expected. I could feel the fear of defeat, the confusion of directing my men, and the satisfaction of winning. I am planning to include these elements in future battles in my fantasy series. I had an army of 861 strong while my opponent had me outnumbered by more than 400 men with a grand total of 1,281 strong. The battle was chaotic and it was hard to tell who was winning until it was over. Fortunately, I won the battle much to my surprise. I lost 656 of my men-at-arms while my foe lost 1,021. I had 205 men left while my adversary had 260. My total kills were 708 while my enemy had 579 kills. It was an engaging experience and was super fun for my first time. I will definitely play this more in order to get more of that thrill of battle. I will keep you updated on both my victories and my defeats.
FANTASY BATTLEGAMEINSPIRATIONMEDIEVALVIDEO GAMEWAR
TOTAL WAR GAME
For the next few days, I will be playing the computer game known as Total War. The reason for this is because I still have much to learn in terms of medieval battle tactics despite all the research I had done. There are some things I need to actually see in action. Hopefully, by playing this game I can get a better understanding of how medieval armies fight. If I fight any battles that are worthy of note, I might include certain details in my fantasy book. I will keep you all updated and maybe I can upload videos of my progress.
FANTASY BATTLEGAMEMEDIEVALVIDEO GAMEWAR
THE WAVE SYSTEM
September 21, 2018 gradypbrown	2 Comments
I had an interesting idea for a battle tactic in medieval warfare. Imagine sending your armies against your enemies in waves. The first few waves would consist of light infantry and cavalry, which have inferior armor and weapons than heavy infantry and cavalry. These first waves would be used to test your enemy's defenses as well as wear them down with each wave. Meanwhile, you keep your heavy infantry and cavalry in reserve until your enemy is too weak and tired to fight back. When your light infantry and cavalry are spent and your foe's defenses are exhausted, then you send in the rest of your forces to wipe out the survivors. I am thinking of including a tactic such as this in my new fantasy book in a number of battles.
AUTHORBOOKFANTASY BATTLEINSPIRATIONMEDIEVALNOVELWARWRITER


Members of the Shelton lacrosse team recently participated in a tournament called Sticks for Soldiers. The event was held at Fairfield Ludlowe High School on Saturday, Nov. 24 to help raise funds for our disabled veterans. From top left are Mike Sportini, Matt Brown, Nick Kopchik, Jim Castelot, Tyler Vasilescu, Jim Farrell, Kyle Drost, Josh Kreitler, Tim Monteleone. Bottom row from left are Trey Jones, Donald Schiffer, Anthony Branca, RJ Peralta, Mike Ortoli, Jake Sanderson.
"Giving Thanks" is a tradition at Fairfield Ludlowe High School on the Saturday after Thanksgiving.
This past Thanksgiving weekend, more than 700 high school boys and girls lacrosse players on 46 teams, and over 400 adult volunteers, supporters, active military, alumni and spectators braved the cold and windy elements, and came together to raise more than $65,000 for two severely-wounded Connecticut soldiers at the 7th annual Sticks for Soldiers Thanksgiving Lacrosse Tournament.
Proceeds from this year's efforts, a new high, will support rehabilitation needs of the two honorees, US Army Captain Gregory Galeazzi of Glastonbury and USMC Sgt. Greg Caron of Ellington.
Both men were seriously wounded with bi-lateral leg amputations and other injuries sustained by separate IED explosions in Afghanistan in 2011.
Hosted by the Fairfield Ludlowe lacrosse team, teams from more than 35 Connecticut towns and cities from Stamford to Hartford participated. The tournament and related activities raises funds and awareness for severely- wounded military personnel and has now raised over $225,000 since 2006.
Event Chairman Jim Tommins emceed the mid-day ceremony and introduced honoree Sgt. Greg Caron, and the brothers and sister of Captain Galeazzi, who was unable to travel to Connecticut.
A surprise of the day was the attendance of Brendan Marrocco, the 2010 honoree, and the War on Terror's first surviving quadruple amputee.
This was Marrocco's first trip to the Fairfield tournament, and he was accompanied by his father Alex, and Kelly Marrocco.
Donations are still being accepted for this year and may be sent payable to Sticks for Soldiers, Inc., PO Box 475, Fairfield, Conn. 06824.
For more information about the charity, its history and future events, please see sticksforsoldiers.org. or contact Tommins at jtommins@yahoo.com.
The 2013 tournament is planned for Saturday, Nov. 30, and the non-profit is interested in scaling this tournament concept to other host schools in regions around the country.
Sticks For Soldiers is a high school charity lacrosse tournament held in Fairfield to raise money for wounded troops. Held on Thanksgiving Saturday, it is sponsored by the Fairfield Ludlowe High School lacrosse team.
The primary mission of the tournament is to provide support and give thanks to the service men and women who put their lives on the line and sacrificed for our country.
A secondary objective is to create awareness among high school athletes to the sacrifices being made by people just a few years older than themselves.
Through their play and fund-raising participation, the athletes demonstrate their tangible thanks and support.
Started in 2006, the idea came from long-time lacrosse advocate Mike Voucas.
Supported by Fairfield Ludlowe head coach Chris Parisi and a number of dedicated volunteers, the tournament and related events and fund-raising efforts has now raised more than $225,000 in seven years.


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Halo Infinite's co-op campaign, Forge editor and Season 3 have been delayed until November
on 4th of September 2022 @ 05:39 pm UTC
[Update]: The latest developer update has detailed some of the fundamentals behind the Forge editor.
If you were hoping Halo Infinite would get itself into shape any time soon, I'm afraid you're out of luck. I say this because the September developer update has now arrived, and it has mostly brought with it a whole bunch of delays.
As such, the co-op campaign has now been pushed further back, this time around until the Winter Update period that starts on November 8th. On the other hand, split-screen co-op has been canceled entirely as 343 Industries are needing to spend the time and resources elsewhere.
Similarly, the beta of the much-anticipated Forge map editor has also been pushed back until the Winter Update period. Thankfully, it looks like the Forge is nearing completion and will almost definitely be a part of the November 8th update.
The final bit of bad news is that Halo Infinite's multiplayer Season 3 has been pushed back to that same November 8th update. Once it arrives it'll bring with it a brand new Battle Pass, two new maps (Detachment and Argyl), and I'd imagine a bunch of quality-of-life improvements and balance changes. I certainly hope so anyway, because the wait sure has been long!
Once all of this arrives, I'll make sure to let you know. Until then, you can learn more about Halo Infinite's future by checking out the developer update below. Enjoy!


The intrinsic mechanisms underlying burst generation in vitro where neurons are in relative isolation are generally well understood . However, how these mechanisms are implemented under in vivo conditions where cells receive massive synaptic bombardment is still not clear. Pyramidal cells within the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish have a well-defined burst mechanism in vitro (Fig. 1A), which is based on a somato-dendritic interaction . Surprisingly, in vivo recordings from ELL pyramidal cells (Fig. 1B) do not show any of the characteristics associated with bursting found in vitro . The goal of this project is to understand how in vivo conditions can give rise to these differences.
Bursting in the ELL pyramidal cells. (A) Representative trace of the in vitro recorded burst. Somatic spikes backpropagate into the dendrites, generating a dendritic spike which will move back into the soma, generating a depolarizing afterpotential (DAP), which will trigger a new somatic action potential The burst terminates with a characteristic doublet, followed by the burst after hyperpolarization (bAHP) (B) Representative trace of the in vivo recorded burst. Here there is no significant decrease in the interspike interval during a burst, bursts do not terminate with a doublet and the bAHP is absent. Also, the somatic spike shape recorded in vivo differs from the one recorded in vitro, with a pronounced hyperpolarization (AHP) following every spike within a burst.
One of the striking differences between in vivo and in vitro conditions is the absence of glutamatergic input to the cells in vitro which might provide the major source of Ca2+ to the cell via NMDA receptors. To test this hypothesis, we injected the calcium chelator, BAPTA, in pyramidal cell in vivo. The resulting removal of intracellular Ca2+ changed the cell bursting pattern to one characteristic of in vitro recordings.
To understand these observations, we have used a computational approach to propose a cellular mechanism for burst generation in vivo. In our computational model, which is based on the in vitro ghost-burst model, Ca2+ enters the cell through NMDA channels in the dendrites. When Ca2+ diffuses into the soma, it affects the Ca-activated potassium current. Gradual increases in Ca2+ concentration increases this current and eventually terminates the burst. This current also creates a spike shape characteristic to an in vivo burst, with a strong hyperpolarization after every spike within a burst.


At about that moment, the action thundered our way. Because a polo field is about the size of nine football fields, the action is not always right in front of you. But when it is, the sound of the horses' hooves and their breathing, the beauty of their motion, is a special pleasure. I love to watch the horses because they play too; more than rides for people with mallets, polo ponies watch the ball, watch the other horses, and do their best to get to the ball first.
A pony carrying a woman on the blue team was making a beautiful run with the ball, flying along the boards, when suddenly another pony bearing a large man in a red jersey crossed in front of her and was quickly chastised by the referees' whistles. In polo, it is more than impolite to ride directly in front of another player.
I took solace in the thought that although I have many shortcomings as a father, I have never fouled my daughter in a polo game.
In the end, the blue team won, the tournament ended, and the polo season ended. It was a perfect day with warm sun and a cool breeze, and thin white clouds, "horse tails," high in the blue sky. Laurie and I walked across the field, hand in hand, thanked our lucky stars for the day's happiness, and cadged an oatmeal cookie before going home.


Whitening-up cement. Take sidewalk chalk to the cooking area using a writable concrete back splash, and get fun making a twisting screen of drawings, doodles and details. A cement ground can be handled the identical method, based on the complete utilized - so you can easily allow the childrens draw on the floors!


Classic badge sweatshirt from the latest Vivienne Westwood collection. Produced from a high-quality cotton, the men's navy sweatshirt features the classic Vivienne Westwood Anglomania cutlass badge logo embroidered to the left side of the chest. Complete with a ribbed crew neck, cuffs and hem for added comfort.


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Thu 29-09-2022 00:39 AM
Microsoft for Startups' welcomes third cohort of B2B tech startups to GrowthX Accelerator
DUBAI, 28th September, 2022 (WAM) -- Microsoft for Startups Middle East have announced the third cohort of B2B tech startups for its engaging GrowthX Accelerator programme today.
Run as part of a strategic partnership between the Abu Dhabi Investment Office (ADIO) and Microsoft, the GrowthX Accelerator offers unmatched training opportunities to growth-stage startups ranging primarily from the Seed to Series A spectrum. Launched in 2021, a total of 36 B2B tech startups have graduated from the virtual accelerator programme to date, enabling the founders of these companies to bring their innovative ideas to the forefront and drive impact across the region. The third edition of the programme is currently underway and will conclude in January 2023.
Abdulla Abdul Aziz AlShamsi, Acting Director-General at ADIO said, "As part of Abu Dhabi's commitment to accelerating digital transformation and maximising opportunities to enhance the region's digital economy, we recognise the importance of startups in driving innovation and bringing new, creative solutions to solve industry, business and societal challenges. We are thrilled to continue our support for the region's startup ecosystem by welcoming a third cohort of startups to the GrowthX Accelerator. Through our ongoing partnership with Microsoft for Startups, we are committed to empowering these innovators with the insights and resources they need to grow, scale and drive impact."
Naim Yazbeck, General Manager, Microsoft UAE, said, "Startups offer outstanding potential to not only accelerate digital transformation across the region, but also unlock incredible innovations that will propel our region forward. The startups participating in this cohort of the GrowthX Accelerator programme will be able to access knowledge from industry experts to scale their businesses and drive real impact across the region. Together with ADIO, we look forward to empowering our third cohort of startups to develop their innovative ideas into next-generation solutions that will strengthen the regional ecosystem and develop our digital economy."
As part of the third cohort, 12 startups will undergo training on enterprise sales, technical readiness, investor-readiness and customer engagement tactics. Participating startups include Edraak Systems (Pakistan), Fortyguard (UAE), Ilmversity (Pakistan), Klickit (Egypt), Pay Caps (UAE), Peyk (Turkey), Pisano (UAE), Poilabs (Turkey), Raabtaa (Pakistan), Supercommerce (Saudi Arabia), Vita Virtues (UAE), and Xina AI (Jordan).
WAM/Amjad Saleh


Elnora May Gibson, age 65, of Melbourne, Florida, passed away on Saturday, February 2, 2019 at Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, Florida.
She was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee on March 7, 1953 to James C. Hudson and Margaret Ethel Williams, both of whom preceded him in death.
Elnora worked in the Aerospace industry as a Technician.
She will be deeply missed by her daughter, Denora Garfield and son in law, James Garfield; daughter, Elisha Gibson and son in law, Raj Maharaj; grandchildren, Daisy, Lily, Nalai, Jason and Jasmine; sisters, Sherry Blain, Vicki Atkinson and Cathy Yamarino; and brother Dan Hudson.


Arturo "Thunder" Gatti is a former professional boxer who is considered by many to be one of the most exciting boxers ever. He has participated in Ring Magazine "Fight of the Year" four times and is a former IBF World Junior Lightweight Champion and WBC Junior Welterweight Champion with a career record of 40 wins, 31 by KO, and 9 loses. Arturo Gatti has hand signed these boxing trunks.


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The Dow failed to hit a new record high
The Dow failed to hit a record high on Monday, finishing the day just barely in the green.
The Dow closed flat, up only 8 points. It sits 0.4%, or 101 points, below the all-time closing high it recorded in October, according to Refinitiv. The S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite both finished lower, down 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. The S&P hit a closing record Thursday.
The Dow could be "thousands of points" higher, if the "Fed had gotten it right," claimed President Donald Trump in a tweet earlier on Monday. The president has long criticized the Federal Reserve for raising interest rates, which he believes poses a hurdle to US growth.
At the start of the trading day, stocks had seemed unfazed by lingering trade worries and the heightened tensions between the United States and Iran on Monday. But sentiment soured throughout the day. Trump announced "hard-hitting" sanctions against Iran earlier, after tweeting about doing so over the weekend. Last week, Iran shot down a US military drone.
But the situation in the Middle East is keeping oil prices higher.
Last week, US oil futures jumped more than 9%. Futures settled 0.8% higher at $57.90 a barrel on Monday, according to CME. In a tweet, Trump said although many countries rely on oil from the region, "we don't even need to be there in that the U.S. has just become (by far) the largest producer of Energy anywhere in the world!"
Gold remains a hot commodity. Geopolitical worries, paired with a weaker US dollar, are giving the safe haven metal a significant boost. After rallying more than 4% last week, gold futures settled up 1.3% at 1,414.30 an ounce, according to CME.
Gold breached the $1,400 level late last week, marking a near six-year high.
For the week ahead, market watchers will be all about the G20 summit in Japan, as Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are set to meet and talk trade on the summit sidelines.
Even if no deal is reached immediately, their meeting could set the tone for the next phase of the trade spat.


One Foot Outside the Tent: When You Lose Howard Dean . . .
When You Lose Howard Dean . . .
We've seen the dynamic before. A year ago Eric Holder was lecturing us that we'd be betraying the rule of law by trying alleged 9/11 terrorists anywhere but in a civilian court sitting in lower Manhattan. Most of us liberals nodded our heads in absent-minded agreement. Then a few entrepreneurial Republican politicians started pushing back and the cable channels and the right wing blogs picked up the story. That was enough to reveal that Holder was spectacularly unequipped to hold his ideological ground and very few Democratic politicians of stature were eager to back him up. The game was over when New York politicians like Michael Bloomberg and Chuck Schumer got cold feet. Suddenly you didn't hear much liberal talk about how trying alleged terrorists before military commissions is a betrayal of American values.
The Ground Zero mosque dispute looks like it's playing out the same way. First there were stray remarks about a provocation at Ground Zero from people like Sarah Palin and Newt Gingrich. Soon their views were amplified and elaborated by the conservative media. Liberal pundits and the odd politician like Bloomberg thought they could put out the fire only to discover that their disdainful rhetoric was not only ineffective but inflammatory. Obama stood tall as a friend of mosque on Friday only to beat an abject retreat by Saturday afternoon. Suddenly, omnipresent New York Democrats like Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand are nowhere to be seen. And Howard Dean, of all people, is sounding a lot like Sarah Palin.
Does this sort of thing keep happening to liberals because of a defect of will or a defect of deliberation?
Neither - it's a defect of common sense.


One thing to note about the latest spat between Newt Gingrich and Rush Limbaugh is that I'll bet you Newt doesn't apologize. His conservative credentials aren't really in doubt, and I think he's shrewd enough to see how absurd the apologies other conservative politicians have offered make them look. Consequently, Newt — whose ideas are every bit as stupid as Rush's — will come out of this possessing an entirely undeserved veneer of reasonableness.


One day last year I realized that I was receiving catalogs faster than I could recycle them. Cabelas, Coldwater Creek, Eddie Bauer, LL Bean, Land's End and others seemed to know when their catalogs were no longer on the mail pile at home.
I decided to keep every catalog received from the first one with a Christmas cover in 2010 to the first received this year, in late September. Thank you, Frontgate, for saved me from accumulating any more. I still can't afford the artificial Christmas tree that would look perfect in my living room. How I got on other lists, I'll probably never know.
I'll admit to being a catalog shopper for much of my clothing. Most stores don't carry pants with long enough inseams or blouses with long enough sleeves. They also have been a convenient way to send gifts to people out of state. However, I'm too short for many items in Long Tall Sally.
Who is Norm Thomson? Does anyone wear what is found in Woman Within? There's also Winter Silks, Fossil and Soft Surroundings. Garnet Hill and other clothiers competing for dollars.
Red Envelope, Fresh Finds, Brookstone, Sharper Image, Fresh Finds, Expressions, Acorn, Signals, Duluth Trading Co., Wind & Weather and the Vermont Country Store, Herrington, Potpourri and What on Earth have gift items so unique and clever that I don't know how I could have resisted them.
Which catalog has the most calories, I wonder: Harry & David, Wolferman's, Cheryl's cookies and brownies, Mrs. Prindable's, Hickory Farms, Uncommon Goods, Mrs. Beasley's, Fairytale Brownies, and one devoted to everything pecan.
After looking at those delights, Athleta reminds me to sprint over to their place in San Francisco, and there's always Spanx if I ignore Athleta's invitation.
Now that I have a grandson, it may be time to pay attention to HearthSong,Young Explorers, Constructive Playthings and Fat Brain Toys.
There are catalogs to support social causes: National Wildlife, World Vision and Heifer International.
In the what-were-they-thinking category are SherrillTree (tree gear for tree people), Consolidated Plastics and ULINE shipping and industrial supplies. And then there's the catalog for outfitting my Corvette — but I don't have one.
I could have saved a lot of time by just keeping Collections Etc., Catalog Favorites and Catalog Classics, which edit down popular items into one handy magazine.
The 61-1/2 inch stack of catalogs has fallen over twice as I attempted to measure the height, scaring the cats into hiding.
Now it's time to recycle the stack and try to get off their mailing lists. Maybe a donation to the Arbor Day Foundation would be in order, too.
Nathan made a timelapse video of the stack.


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Just weeks after Downey's marijuana dispensary ban, a court sides in favor of prohibition laws
August 20, 2011 City News
A Superior Court has sided with Anaheim regarding the city's ban of marijuana dispensaries.
Downey on Aug. 9 enacted a similar ban after a second reading of its anti-marijuana clinic ordinance.
While some cities, such as Whittier, South El Monte and Los Angeles, have crafted laws that regulate medical marijuana dispensaries, other cities have outlawed the shops altogether.
While some city attorneys feared a ban would end up forcing cities to defend their laws in court, others have argued that the state law, while allowing medical marijuana use, does not force cities to allow clinics.
Americans For Safe Access and other medical-marijuana advocacy groups have said the law mandates cities to allow prescription users to safely buy cannabis products.
Others argue that the dispensaries have led to a proliferation of illegal grow houses and an increase of the drug on the street.
A murder in Glendora was carried out over the sale of marijuana obtained by a patient with a legal prescription. And firefighters in the San Gabriel Valley have responded to several dangerous fire scenes where organized crime syndicates grew wall-to-wall marijuana farms inside abandoned homes.
Copyright © 2020 The Downey Beat. All Rights Reserved. Theme by AcademiaThemes


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Schaefer dominant again in 2-0 victory
LEBANON, Tenn. – Shawn Schaefer struck out 11 and scattered seven hits and 19th-ranked Cumberland scratched out a 2-0 victory over Union University in the TranSouth Conference opener for both teams Friday night at Fesmire Field in Jackson, Tenn.
Cumberland (24-5, 1-0 TranSouth) won its sixth straight overall and 11th in the last 12 games, while Schaefer (6-0) tossed his fifth straight complete game of the season. He walked two and posted his second double-digit strikeout performance of the year.
The Bulldogs registered 10 hits in the contest, including at least one in the first seven innings, but stranded nine runners overall in the pitcher's dual.
Brian Karahalios went 3-for-4 for CU and Kris Miller accounted for the team's only RBI, on a double in the seventh that plated Sam Kikla. Cumberland's first run of the game came across in the second inning on an error by Union rightfielder Corey Rudolph.
Union's Carl Harken (4-1) suffered the loss, giving up two runs on 10 hits with no walks and five strikeouts.
Schaefer retired nine straight batters at one point, starting with the final two outs of the seventh and including the first out of the ninth. But Union's Alex Turner singled with one out and Josh Jones dumped a single into left with two outs. Both moved into scoring position on a passed ball, but Schaefer struck out Kevin Kirksey for the final out of the contest.
The Bulldogs used four hits in the second to take an early lead. Matt Greener and Karahalios both singled with one out before a single to shallow right from David Fanshawe. Greener scored on the play when Rudolph bobbled the ball. T.J. Murphy later singled with two outs, but Max Kautz struck out to end the inning.
Schaefer worked out of a major jam in the third after Danny Grimm led off with a single and Clint Barnes followed with a sacrifice bunt. Greener's throw to first was bad, allowing Grimm to reach third on the play. But Barnes was picked off and the lefthander struck out Grant Luke and Rudolph to end the threat.
Cumberland had at least one hit in every inning through the first six innings but was unable to add to the lead until the seventh when Kikla was hit with one out, stole second and scored on Miller's two-out double down the rightfield line.
The two teams play a doubleheader Saturday starting at Noon at Fesmire Field. The Bulldogs return home next Wednesday against Lambuth Univ. in a single game at 2 p.m.


Can you project a camera texture onto a 2d object instead of a 3D object?
Fit an orthographic to touch edges of object.
How to get 2d camera width & height?
2D game. How do I make the camera follow the player until it reaches the edge of a section of the map?
How Do I Lock The Y Axis In A Camera Follow Script?
Camera in changing scenes automatically assign a boxcollider in the Inspecter.
How to make border for camera?
How to stop a camera panning at level boundaries while zooming?


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Q: Can I use Google Maps driving directions in a paid iPhone App? I understand that I can use MapKit within a paid iPhone app. (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7282633/google-maps-apis-in-iphone-paid-app)
How about if I have a feature within such an app that accesses Google Maps driving directions, using Google's web API? Can I still charge for my app?

A: The Developer Guide provides you with the info you need:
http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/usage.html
It's limited to 25 000 map loads per day, as you are making an iPhone App that makes use of Google Maps per user and not through a server, you should be fine unless the user loads a map more then 25.000 a day, then he is being cut of. But this should not effect your commercial intensions of your app when using this API.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Wusterbarth Family - FANTASTIC NEWS and More photos!
Brea had her first appointment today since our move. We saw a transplant cardiologist at the Sanger Clinic (Part of Carolina's Medical Center) in Charlotte. We were referred to them by our transplant team at Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock. They weighed her (21 pounds!), measured her (29.5 inches!), took her blood pressure, did an EKG and she saw the doctor. He said she looks great and her EKG looks great too! When he realized that we live 3.5 hours away, he asked why we were not going to Duke. I told him that ACH had referred us to him and he assurred me that Duke was very capable of doing Brea's follow up care and working with ACH. He said that they (Duke and Sanger Clinic) work together and he is very familiar with thier program. The FANTASTIC NEWS is that Duke is only 30 minutes from our home! Charlotte is 3.5 hours away so it makes for a long day when you drive there, have your appointment and then drive home. He decided not to do an echocardiogram because Duke will be seeing us NEXT WEEK so we can get established with them. I can't begin to tell you how exciting this is for us. I've driven 12,000 miles since the end of April and it really takes its toll on you. Brea doesn't understand what all this means but I'm positive that she will appreciate it when she doesn't have to be strapped in her carseat all day! God is so good!
I've added a few more photos taken over the last couple of weeks. Enjoy!
Good night from Wake Forest where the caffeine that I drank today on the trip is keeping me up tonight!
All three kids in action! That is Brooke's new friend, Anna sitting on the side of the trampoline.


text:
package com.github.icedland.iced.x86.fmt.nasm;

final class MemorySizeInfo {
	private MemorySizeInfo() {
	}

	static final int NONE = 0;
	static final int WORD = 1;
	static final int DWORD = 2;
	static final int QWORD = 3;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The recent Subsea Expo 2015 in Aberdeen saw the relaunch of Motive Offshore Group with new brand identity development and branded exhibition stand by Design Incorporated. The results of a busy 3 months' work including: strategic consultancy, design, imagery and tone of voice was delivered on schedule and on budget at the key subsea show. Motive Offshore committed to making a bigger splash with their experiential investment and the resulting branded exhibition stand design shows off the new brand assets very nicely.
The branding brief and subsequent design work included development of a device to complement the logotype – the coiled cable graphic was the creative option favoured and features across the stationery and literature templates as both a line work version and a window for brand imagery. The colour palette was developed around an optimised shade of light blue and is inspired by the hi-vis safety equipment colours used in & around the offshore and subsea industries. We are currently working on the signage, way finding, apparel and vehicle liveries and look forward to taking the brand to the digital domain in due course.
To talk to one of our consultants about our approach to branding and branded exhibition stand projects please click here.
To view our branded exhibition stands portfolio please click here.


They are my rock, and more specifically my peanut butter & jelly... you know that thing you love regardless of the kind of day you are having. They are my biggest supporters and love me unconditionally. Although they are a little crazy, they are my favorite thing in the whole world.
He fills my heart with joy. He is the strongest, most compassionate man I have ever known. He is everything spicy, and I am all things sweet. We normally see things differently, and thats why we are so perfect together. He is sensible and level headed while I'm passionate and chasing fireflies. The one thing we always agree on is we are not sea food people, we are pasta and pizza almost always.
People have always said this was just a phase, but people were wrong! I LOVE my birthday!! I love getting woken up at 12:01, with my family calling to wish me the best day. I love my birthday breakfast, and I love that I get to do anything I want because it's my birthday! And when I can't celebrate my birthday, I love celebrating other peoples birthdays. I just love birthdays in general and I don't think I will ever out grow it.
I love living in Maine, but I also love going on adventures, and exploring new places. Road trips are my favorite adventures because you never know what amazing things you are going to get to see and experience. So far my all time favorite road trip was to Arizona! If it's not on your bucket list of places to see, you should add it to your list!
The sun, the lake, and s'mores around the campfire are just a few reasons summer is one of my favorite things!
My husband calls it an addiction, and my kids have my coffee order memorized... they even know who my favorite baristas are at Dunkin' Donuts. Luckily there is no shortage of Dunkin' locations in the area, but in a pinch lots of sugar and really good creamer will tide me over!!!
Growing up we did not have a lot of money but somehow every year my parents found a way to take all of us (my two sisters and three brothers) camping.We would drive nearly 4 hours to stay in tents and a lean-to for a week at Moosehead Lake. It was the best week, and to this day I love camping. I will admit we now stay in a camper, but the s'mores around the campfire are the same; Nabisco graham crackers, with a perfectly golden brown marshmallow cooked over hot coals, and six squares of Hershey's chocolate.
We are just a little competitive when it comes to games, but it's all in fun. We have a lot of favorites, it just depends on who is playing. Monopoly, Cribbage, Battleship, and Labyrinth are a few of the ones the kids LOVE! We are also big fans of Spoons, Cards Against Humanity, Corn Hole, and Salad Bowl when all our family and friends are together.
My favorite part about Valentines Day (other than it's the day my husband proposed!) is the chocolate covered strawberries Shaws always makes. I get like 4 dozen... don't judge, I share, but how can you not when they only have them once a year! On all the other days turtle or vanilla bean cheesecake are also great options. One of the best parts about being a grown up is that you can say, yup, today on this super ordinary day we get to eat our dessert FIRST! Yes I think asparagus is delicious, but I also think Big Licks ice cream in OOB should always be enjoyed before dinner.
I got my first Nikon on my 16th birthday and I have gotten at least a half a dozen more since. I'm completely hooked!
We like Halloween so much we celebrate it twice a year! Once at camp with our epic fake halloween, and again in October on real Halloween. I think it's because you get to dress up as who / or whatever you want and there are no expectations. Every year it's different and somehow it's always better than the year before.
I would like to make it clear I was a fan before the Netflix revival. My favorite episode is, You Jump I Jump Jack. If you are a fan we can totally chat over coffee, but I will warn you, I will forever be team Logan. I am also a big fan of all things chick flicks, and every now and then throwing in a good action move or occasionally a horror film (especially around Halloween).
When I have time, I LOVE to read! Jodi Picoult is my favorite author, and Audible is one of my favorite apps. I can at least listen to books on days I just don't have the time to read.
In high school my first job was making pizza at a convenient store. I was not even old enough to operate the oven, but I got really good at streching dough and adding toppings. To this day it is one of the few things I actually know how to cook.
Who doesn't like getting flowers? Having fresh flowers in the house always puts a smile on my face. Calla Lilies are my favorite! We had white Calla Lilies at our wedding, and they were one of my favorite details. I also love giving flowers just as much as I like to receive them. I often get flowers for my husband just to remind him of how much he means to me. When in need of something to give, you can never go wrong with a beautiful bouquet of fresh flowers.


The missy fit notched collar women's lab coat is all about comfort and style. It renders a button placket closure, long sleeves with coverage, cotton webbing detail on shoulders and back and back belt at waist for an adjustable fit. Two front patch pockets and single chest pocket allow for storage while the shirttail hemline completes the look.


At the age of 2 years in children there is a sharp leap in skills. The crisis of two years of age is associated with this, when a child becomes moody and manifests its character. In this article we will talk about the mental and physical development of children 2 years of age, as well as their skills.
Regarding physical development, boys at this age are more agile than girls. They more actively run, jump, also climb on the stairs, actively behave on the rides and the playground.
It is at this age that you need to spend most of your free time at sports fields and children's play complexes. A child can jump, run and load the muscles of his body. It helps to strengthen the muscular system and the spine.
He can run, jump, jump over obstacles up to 20 cm high.
Encourage your child if he wants to be independent.
It should be understood that the age of 2 years is very important in the development of fine motor skills. The fact is that it is at this age that active speech develops.
Since speech centers and fine motor skills in the brain are close to each other, stimulation of the development of small movements with fingers and hands contributes to the development of speech.
It is worth not to miss this moment and optimally prepare the child. For this suitable classes with small objects. This is drawing in the sand, modeling kulikov in the sandbox.
The simplest option is sorting out rice, as well as cereals, making applications from cereals and small items.
Tearing pieces of paper is an exercise that soothes the nerves and develops fine motor skills of hands.
Please note that children 2 years can not fasten buttons, zippers. At this age, the child has not sufficiently developed small movements with his fingers.
Therefore, such work cannot be done, but they are already trying to hold a pencil or pen in their hands.
Please note that a 2-year-old child can independently rub hands on each other, and also wipe them after washing with the help of adults.
In addition, the child can drink from a cup, hold her tightly in her hands. And he does it without spilling liquid.
The kid tends to hold on to the handle, well owns a spoon and fork.
Children 2 years can speak well, and not speak at all. This is not a violation of speech development.
The fact is that at this age not all babies have an active vocabulary. That is, children do not use all the words that they know, but it is precisely passive vocabulary that can be well developed.
Baby understands, recognizes speech. Therefore, if your child does not speak at 2 years, do not worry. Talk to him and see how he reacts to your words.
If the child understands what they are talking about, he brings you a toy, a doll, a dog, or shows a nose, mouth, eyes at the request, and also indicates hot or cold objects, nothing to worry about. The child has an excellent passive vocabulary, but so far he is not ready to pronounce them.
On average, children 2 years of age actively use from 40 to 100 words. It often uses lightweight phrases such as Lala, Baba, give . Can use phrases and short sentences of three to four words.
They can swallow letters and not quite correctly pronounce them. To worry about this is not worth it. Only a neurologist can delay speech development only if the child does not understand when they are addressed by name, does not respond to the appeal, and also does not understand what they want from him, even if the adult speaks in simple words.
No need to compare your child with a neighbor baby of the same age. Speech development is very individual. The most interesting thing is that many babies who started speaking earlier, at the age of up to one year, by the age of three may not develop their skills enough. Unlike those children who didn't say anything for almost two and a half years. For many children, speech develops abruptly.
It happens that a child under 3 years practically did not say anything. To achieve this age began to apply and speak long sentences and complex phrases. This is explained by the fact that the child had a very developed passive vocabulary, but he was in no hurry to use it.
A child aged 2 years is very emotional. He expresses all his emotions. If he is angry, he cries, expresses his displeasure. If someone offended him, he might come up and strike back. If something is not liked, expresses his anger and aggression.
All this is quite normal and characteristic of children of two years of age. The main task of parents is to teach expressing emotions through socially acceptable methods, that is, with words or influences that can in no way harm or frighten others.
Please note that a child at that age begins his socialization in a team. Therefore, it is favorable time to drive a child to a playground with a large number of children, or to give a little time in kindergarten.
Leave literally at 2 o'clock, this will help the baby learn to behave in society. The child will understand that it is better to agree with him, do not quarrel, argue and swear.
The situation in the family should be favorable. In this case, the child will always be in a good mood, good-natured, cheerful. His behavior is predictable.
If the child is often nervous and whining, constantly naughty, in this case you need to go to a child psychologist or review your behavior. Because as it may further affect the mental and physical health of the baby.
A child aged 2 years must be friendly, cheerful and active. Constant moods, bad mood adversely affect his condition in the future. Please note that at this age, children actively check the boundaries of what is permitted, so they can test the patience of the mother, as well as the people around them.
They constantly climb into dangerous situations, they are led by a cognitive interest. Very often, children of this age are naughty, screaming, screaming in the store asking them to buy something. Do not indulge the child, and discuss with your husband or relatives, who often walk with the child, upbringing. It is necessary that the behavior was the same.
It is impossible for a grandmother to acquire everything that a child wants, and mom and dad forbid it. Necessary consistency, methodical in raising children. It is at this age that it is very easy to spoil a child, then in the future he will not understand what is possible, what is impossible. And also will not realize that parents may not have enough money for such purchases, which the child asks, but they are not planned.
A child at the age of 2 years may show interest in others, easily makes friends, does not hesitate to approach other people's children, to get acquainted with them, to communicate. In addition, it is worthwhile to be normal about the fact that a child cannot sit in one place for a long time, one monotonous game quickly becomes boring.
At this age, it is quite normal if a child cries when you refuse him or prohibit something. The kid is happy when you allow or acquire something. He is very attached to his parents, he usually doesn't move away from his mother, he always searches with his eyes, even while playing with the children on the playground.
Social skills are of paramount importance. This applies not only to children who go to kindergarten. Because in an institution there is no way for mom to help dress or put on shoes. Therefore, the child should do it all on their own.
The child should independently hold a cup, a spoon, it is good to use these objects. Independently eat and drink, can wash, wash hands, with the help of an adult brush your teeth.
Independently yet does not own this manipulation. It can put a hat on itself, of course it is done incorrectly, it can put it upside-down or backwards. What is also the norm. Attempts to remove and put on socks and mittens.
He asks for a pot, but for the time being he cannot hold in himself for long Therefore, be prepared for the fact that if a child somewhere for a walk asked you to go to the toilet, then you should not delay it. Because the child can relieve the need directly in the pants.
The kid is trying to put on larger things, such as jackets, T-shirts, until he is very good at it, because the child confuses his right and left hands.
At this age, the physical development of the pot. Most of the two-year-olds, with their normal development, go to the pot well. Of course there are misses. Do not scold the child, it is quite normal that he still does not fully control the process.
But even if your child does not speak at this age, he gives signs that he wants to go to the toilet. Boys can touch the groin area, say the word pee, or take off their own pants. Although this happens in rare cases, because children of this age still do not dress well enough on their own.
Great value is given to cognitive skills, as well as thinking. Now is the time to choose a technique in order to develop a child.
A child at this age should collect a pyramid of 6-8 rings, place cubes on each other, as well as collect simple structures, such as turrets or pyramids.
It can also distinguish up to 8 colors. It's not necessary for the child to pronounce them. You can ask your child to show him objects of this color, and he will show you.
Distinguishes the simplest geometric shapes: a triangle, a square or a circle. It also distinguishes where small, large, warm, cold or thick.
The child easily puts one object into another. For example, the doll. Also, the baby can independently collect puzzles, which consist of 2-4 elements. At this age, children repeat well, so it's time to do the learning of dances with them.
If the child speaks, it can also be a poem. More attention should be paid to the physical activity of the child, because at this age it is the norm that the stomach bulges forward. It is also normal if the child has folds on the legs and arms. Over time, adipose tissue is replaced by muscle.
At this age, the kid likes to imitate the behavior of adults. Therefore, babies often repeat. Be careful, do not swear, utter swear words. In the future, your child can repeat everything. Be a good example for him.
Children aged 2 and older may differ in their development. Moreover, this is not always associated with pedagogical neglect or lack of parental care. Closer to 6-7 years old children are aligned in development, if not run and constantly engage with the baby.
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USGS Daily Statistics for North Carolina
The daily maximum and minimum gage-height and discharge values after September 30, 2019 are no longer being displayed on NWISWeb for most stations in (South Carolina/North Carolina). However, these values can be determined using the instantaneous values that are available through the "Time-Series: Current/Historical Observations" option in the available data dropdown box for the station.
***PLEASE BOOKMARK THIS PAGE FOR EASE OF ACCESS***
USGS Water Resources of the South Atlantic Water Science Center: the place to start for all USGS water information in the SAWSC.
Real-time data Streamflow || Water-Quality || Groundwater Levels || Precipitation
Statewide Rainfall Map
Live Streaming RiverCams
StreamStats - online tool for basin and flow characteristics
USGS Flood Event Viewer
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Questions about data? Click here.
The statistics generated from this site are based on approved daily-mean data and may not match those published by the USGS in official publications. The user is responsible for assessment and use of statistics from this site. For more details on why the statistics may not match, click here.
USGS 0212433550 ROCKY R AB IRISH BUFFALO CR NR ROCKY RIVER, NC
Available data for this site SUMMARY OF ALL AVAILABLE DATA Location map Time-series: Current/Historical Observations Time-series: Daily data Time-series: Daily statistics Time-series: Monthly statistics Time-series: Annual statistics Surface-water: Field measurements Water-Year Summary Revisions
Cabarrus County, North Carolina
Gage datum 494.26 feet above NAVD88
HTML table of all data
Tab-separated data
00060, Discharge, cubic feet per second,
Mean of daily mean values for each day for water year of record in, ft3/s (Calculation Period 1999-10-01 -> 2020-09-30)
Calculation period restricted by USGS staff due to special conditions at/near site
190 156 210 251 151 160 87 118 96 90 73 157
207 162 271 199 152 116 166 92 100 83 102 130
187 173 274 180 140 147 124 88 121 78 84 143
163 172 239 173 251 192 108 114 126 75 66 107
157 188 227 158 164 156 133 159 108 81 118 201
169 165 409 197 261 109 120 113 83 72 139 181
175 187 341 355 212 303 98 98 89 70 100 162
150 193 245 355 140 309 143 126 63 95 98 135
169 177 214 516 123 129 98 106 82 82 100 121
146 161 183 603 147 137 79 146 71 153 85 203
168 172 190 272 123 152 94 156 73 117 175 163
164 181 217 199 142 112 123 97 102 128 191 241
185 168 220 187 118 154 172 106 94 133 121 238
191 150 213 193 98 130 113 119 72 97 111 168
143 160 378 243 105 126 105 97 80 145 106 150
189 199 246 248 140 168 107 95 81 76 183 166
198 201 178 154 275 83 87 64 109 68 133 259
173 269 185 201 233 105 73 67 146 80 118 221
164 272 172 197 148 96 93 61 132 151 129 182
176 396 137 153 81 116 78 99 91 129 158
212 301 149 95 93 72 194
Title: Surface Water data for North Carolina: USGS Daily Statistics
URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nc/nwis/dvstat?
Page Contact Information: North Carolina Water Data Support Team


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White primaries were primary elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate. Statewide white primaries were established by the state Democratic Party units or by state legislatures in South Carolina (1896), Florida (1902), Mississippi and Alabama (also 1902), Texas (1905), Louisiana and Arkansas (1906), and Georgia (1900). Since winning the Democratic primary in the South almost always meant winning the general election, barring black and other minority voters meant they were in essence disenfranchised. Southern states also passed laws and constitutions with provisions to raise barriers to voter registration, completing disenfranchisement from 1890 to 1908 in all states of the former Confederacy.

The Texas Legislature passed a law in 1923 that prevented black voters from participating in any Democratic party primary election. The Supreme Court, in 1927, 1932, and 1935, heard three Texas cases related to white primaries. In the 1927 and 1932 cases, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, saying that state laws establishing a white primary violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Later in 1927 Texas changed its law in response, delegating authority to political parties to establish their own rules for primaries. In Grovey v. Townsend (1935), the Supreme Court ruled that this practice was constitutional, as it was administered by the Democratic Party, which was a private institution, not a state.

In 1944,  in Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court ruled 8–1 against the Texas white primary system. In that case, the Court ruled that the 1923 Texas state law was unconstitutional, because it allowed the state Democratic Party to racially discriminate. After the case, most Southern states ended their selectively inclusive white primaries. They retained other techniques of disenfranchisement, particularly in terms of barriers to voter registration, such as poll taxes and literacy tests. These generally survived legal challenges as they applied to all potential voters, but in practice they were administered in a discriminatory manner by white officials. Although the proportion of Southern blacks registered to vote steadily increased from less than 3% in 1940 to 29% in 1960 and over 40% in 1964, gains were minimal in Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana outside Acadiana and southern parts of Georgia. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was intended to address this.

Establishment and significance of white primaries

Southern Democratic party chapters started to use white primaries in the late 19th century, as part of efforts to suppress black voting and weaken the Republican Party in the South. In an effort to maintain white supremacy, Democratic activists had often used violence and fraud at elections to suppress black voting.

Following the temporary loss of power to the biracial coalition of Populists and Republicans in the 1890s, when Democrats regained control of state legislatures (often on campaigns based on white supremacy), they systematically adopted electoral rules in new constitutions or specific laws to disenfranchise black voters by making voter registration and voting more difficult. A number of devices were used, including poll taxes, residency requirements, record-keeping requirements and literacy tests, all administered by white officials. The Democrats sometimes protected illiterate or poor white voters by such devices as grandfather clauses, which provided exemptions to men who had ancestors who have voted or resided in certain areas as of a date that excluded blacks. Application of these measures was done in such a discriminatory way that not even educated, middle-class blacks managed to stay on the voter rolls.

The Democratic Party achieved a dramatic drop in black voting across the South, with related weakening of the Republican Party in the region. White Democrats were successful in establishing and maintaining a one-party system in most southern states. They thus developed great power in Congress, controlling all seats allocated to their states, establishing seniority, and gaining critical chairmanships of important committees, which extended their power. Black citizens excluded from voting were also shut out of running for local offices, serving on juries, or in other civil offices, and were forced into second-class status.

To strengthen the exclusion of minorities from the political system, Texas, Georgia and some other states established white primaries, a "selectively inclusive" system that permitted only whites to vote in the primaries. By legally considering the general election as the only state-held election, they gave white members of the Democratic Party control of the decision-making process within the party and the state. Because the Democratic Party dominated the political systems of all the Southern states after Reconstruction, its state and local primary elections usually determined which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election.

Texas cases and Supreme Court decision
Beginning in the early 20th century, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed numerous lawsuits in efforts to overturn discriminatory electoral and voter registration practices by Southern states. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) also participated in such cases. The ACLU filed suit based on the state's having passed discriminatory legislation in violation of Constitutional amendments.

In 1923 Texas enacted the Statute of Texas, which provided that "in no event shall a negro be eligible to participate in a Democratic party primary election held in the State of Texas". The law was challenged by Dr. L. A. Nixon, a black member of the Democratic Party, in Nixon v. Herndon (1927). Nixon was denied a ballot in a Democratic Party primary election in Texas on the basis of the law and sued for damages under federal civil rights laws. The Court found in his favor on the basis of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees "equal protection under the law", while not discussing his Fifteenth Amendment claim to the franchise.

Following the ruling, Texas amended the statute to allow the Democratic Party's state executive committee to set voting qualifications for its primaries. The new law provided that every political party would henceforth "in its own way determine who shall be qualified to vote or otherwise participate in such political party". Nixon sued again, in Nixon v. Condon (1932). The Supreme Court again found in his favor on the basis of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Democratic Party of Texas state convention then adopted a rule banning black voting in primary elections. This revised scheme was upheld in Grovey v. Townsend (1935), where the Supreme Court held that this basis for a white primary was constitutional, on the grounds that the political party was a private entity. Another challenge to the Texas white primaries was Smith v. Allwright (1944), which overturned Grovey v. Townsend. In that case the Supreme Court ruled that white primaries as established by Texas were unconstitutional.

Though Smith v. Allwright applied directly only to the Texas law, following this ruling, most southern states ended their selectively inclusive white primaries. Activists gained the voter registration of tens of thousands of African Americans after the end of white primaries, but many were still excluded from voting as states used other discriminatory practices, including poll taxes and literacy tests (administered subjectively by white registrars) to keep African Americans from voting. The end of the white primary caused alarm in white politicians. In his 1946 senate reelection campaign, Mississippi politician and Klansman Theodore Bilbo predicted that there would be a surge of voting from black people, and vowed to help combat it. His threats of violence discouraged about half of eligible black citizens from voting, allowing him to easily win reelection.

1964 Democratic National Convention
African Americans continued to work to have their constitutional rights as citizens enforced. During the civil rights era of the 1960s, voter registration drives were held in southern states in efforts to work within the system. In some cases activists were assaulted or murdered, and African Americans made little progress against white determination to exclude most blacks from voting.

The 1964 Democratic National Convention was controversial because of the dispute as to which delegates from Mississippi were entitled to be present and to vote. At the national convention, the integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) claimed the seats for delegates for Mississippi, on the grounds that the official Mississippi delegation had been elected in violation of the party's rules, as it excluded blacks from voting. Blacks were still systematically excluded by discriminatory provisions from registering and voting in the primaries, and participating in the precinct and county caucuses and the state convention. Nevertheless, the MFDP delegates had all been elected in strict compliance with party rules.

The party's liberal leaders supported an even division of the seats between the two delegations. However, President Lyndon B. Johnson was concerned that, while the regular Democrats of Mississippi would probably vote for conservative Republican Barry Goldwater anyway, rejecting them at that time would cost Johnson the South in the presidential election. Eventually, Hubert Humphrey, Walter Reuther and black civil rights leaders, including Roy Wilkins and Bayard Rustin, worked out a compromise: two of the 68 MFDP delegates chosen by Johnson would be made at-large delegates and the remainder would be non-voting guests of the convention. The regular Mississippi delegation was required to pledge to support the national party ticket; and the Democratic Party committed to accepting in the future only those delegations chosen by non-discriminatory methods.

Although Joseph Rauh, the MFDP's lawyer, initially refused this deal, he eventually urged the MFDP to accept it. However, the MFDP delegates refused. They believed that the national party, by accepting the official all-white Mississippi delegation, had validated a process in which blacks had been denied their constitutional right for many decades to vote and participate in the political process. They believed that, because the MFDP had conducted their delegate selection process according to the party's own national rules, they should be seated as the official Mississippi delegation, not just a token two as at-large delegates. Many civil rights activists were deeply offended by the convention's outcome. As leader (and later Representative) John Lewis said,

Many white delegates from Mississippi and Alabama refused to sign any pledge, and left the convention. In all,

The next year Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, authorizing the federal government to oversee voter registration and other political practices and enforce rights in states with a history of under-representation of minority voters. Work began to register African Americans across the South, and they began to be elected to office again after decades of exclusion. By this time, nearly 6.5 million African Americans had left the South in the Great Migration to escape its oppression and seek work opportunities in the North, Midwest and West, changing the demographics of numerous cities and regions.

See also
 Suffrage
 Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Voting Rights Act

 Fannie Lou Hamer
 Solid South
 Tantamount to election

Citations

General references and further reading
 Alilunas, Leo (April 1940). "A Review of Negro Suffrage Policies Prior to 1915". The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 25, No. 2: Legal Restrictions on the Negro in Politics. pp. 153–160. . .
 Anders, Evan (January 1981). "Boss Rule and Constituent Interests: South Texas Politics During the Progressive Era". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 84, No. 3. pp. 269–292. .
 Barr, Alwyn (1971). Reconstruction to Reform: Texas Politics, 1876–1906. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
 Beth, L. P. (October 1958). "The White Primary and the Judicial Function in the United States". The Political Quarterly. Vol. 29, No. 4. pp. 366–377. .
 Hine, Darlene Clark (1979). Black Victory: The Rise and Fall of the White Primary in Texas. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO.
 Kennedy, Stetson (1990). Jim Crow Guide. Boca Raton, Fl.: Florida Atlantic University. .
 David Montejano (1987). Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836–1986. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
 Marshall, Thurgood (Summer 1957). "The Rise and Collapse of the 'White Democratic Primary. The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 26, No. 3: "The Negro Voter in the South". pp. 249–254. .
.
 Overacker, Louise (Jan. 1945). "The Negro's Struggle for Participation in Primary Elections". The Journal of Negro History. Vol. 30, No. 1. pp. 54–61. .
.
 Parker, Albert (May 1941). "Dictatorship in the South". Fourth International. Vol. 2, No. 4. pp. 115-118. Via the Encyclopaedia of Trotskyism On-Line (ETOL).

History of racial segregation in the United States
History of voting rights in the United States
Primary elections in the United States
White supremacy in the United States

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Corinne Michelle West — Action Painting
Corinne Michelle West (1908–1991) was an American painter.She was an Abstract Expressionist.. In 1941 she began to use the name Michael, which she used in her regular life as well as her painting.She exhibited in Manhattan's prestigious Stable Gallery in 1953, and had a solo show in 1957 at the Uptown Gallery in New York City. In 1958 she had a one-woman show at the Domino Gallery in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.She also wrote poems; she wrote a series of 50 poems in the 1940s, including the poem The New Art in 1942. Later in 1968 she created a series of poem-paintings related to the Vietnam war.
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