With a majority of the human population now living in urban areas, cities justifiably attract attention in national and global discourse on human development (Angel 2012). Until recently the place of and the challenges faced by secondary cities (non-capital cities with populations less than 5 million) has largely been ignored, although in terms of the total number inhabitants, secondary cities overshadow megacities (Roberts 2014). Many secondary cities in the global south (SCGS) are poised to undergo substantial economic growth and increase in population (UNDESA 2013). This is a particularly acute problem in South Asia. Moreover UN-HABITAT (2007) estimated that in the developing world only some 5% of urban development is actually planned. It is very likely that such growth will result in severe stress on the environment and challenge the livability of the inhabitants (e.g. due to urban flooding, pollution, water scarcity, coastal risk). At the same time, numerous advances are made in science and technology along the trajectory of looking at the urban system as an integrated whole, where sectoral problems (e.g. water scarcity, food shortage, coastal risk, flood risk) are only manifestations of central systemic issues. There are solutions that, instead of addressing only one aspect of the problem, help healing the system as a whole. For example there are some pioneering examples from Netherlands where urban greening can be used to (among other benefits): 1. Improve special quality, 2. Reduce (flood/coastal) risk and 3. Contribute to urban food production. SCGS like Colombo and many other cities in Sri Lanka and south Asia can clearly benefit from these experiences.
The most important benefit of this Thematic Alumni Event is to expose urban sector experts to transdisciplinary way of working. Convincing them of the benefit of integrated approaches and possibility of achieving win-win scenarios with concrete examples of good-practice. The presentations in the seminar are planned with the above objective in mind. They will demonstrate some of the state-of-the-art innovations in improving urban livability with concrete case studies, both from the Netherlands and the region.
During the workshop part (day 2) of the event, the participants will experience some of the techniques and processes that are proven to be successful both in Developed and Developing cities (e.g. cities in Netherlands, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Taiwan etc. – All these case studies are practical experience of the participating Dutch experts).
1. Provide a platform for Alumni involved in different aspects/sectors of urban livability to get together and share their common problems/concerns and experiences.
2. Realize a sustainable professional network of such Alumni that will continue improved collaboration beyond the event.
3. Share some of the success-stories in integrated urban (water cycle) management from around the world by experts involved in those case studies.
4. Share experiences of harmonizing the strategies/actions of diverse urban organizations.
Give an opportunity for the participating alumni to experience some of the successful strategies of collaboration by participating in structured collective brainstorming workshop (whose objective is to strategize and plan (2) above).
The Netherlands Government has made full Scholarships for a minimum of 20 participants available for each thematic alumni event. Important, the scholarship for alumni events it is not an NFP fellowship, because of that you will be able to apply for NFP fellowship to follow a Short Course, Refresher Course or other programme.
train or bus or air travel (economy class) from the nearest airport from the candidate's home to the thematic alumni event country or place and vice versa. Please note that travel costs made to reach the airport will not be reimbursed.
accommodation, including meals, for the duration of the event.


In my March column I wrote about the valuable lessons that the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes has to offer working developers (msdn.microsoft.com/magazine/dn605870). But Bill Watterson's tale of a 6-year-old boy and his imaginary tiger isn't the only font of funny-page wisdom, and I soon came to appreciate the technical insights of another of my all-time favorite comic strips—Berkely Breathed's 1980s-era comic, Bloom County.
Bloom County hasn't aged nearly as well as Calvin and Hobbes. Breathed's comic strip bent to the political and was steeped in the issues of the day, replete with cracks about the Cold War, Abscam and Gary Hart. And where Calvin and Hobbes was both genuine and whimsical in its keenly observational way, Bloom County embraced the absurd. Talking penguins and schoolboy journalists rubbed elbows with gin-soaked senators and whatever monster wandered out of Binkley's bedroom closet of anxieties each night. And don't even get me started on Bill the Cat.
Bloom County at times played out like an absurdist's fever dream, and its depiction of humor around computers and technology was often unsubtle. Still, beyond the hackneyed cracks about sentient computers and jabs at Apple, there were moments of insight. Most of these came courtesy of the character Oliver Wendell Jones, a 10-year-old boy who is a gifted programmer and inventor. Like Calvin, whose struggles with his Transmogrifier and other inventions shed light on good development practices, Oliver offers some valuable lessons of his own.
My guess is that Oliver today works on the team at Google Translate. But his experience illuminates a legitimate point: Localization is hard. The language needs to be right, program interfaces must respect cultural expectations, and the entire package has to transition efficiently across geographies to contain cost and speed delivery.
But Oliver's enduring message to the development community is all about security—or the general lack of it in corporate and government computer systems. When Oliver broke into the Bell Telephone account system, he illustrated the fundamental weakness—back in 1983—of single-factor authentication. It would seem absurd that a 10-year-old kid could walk into a secured corporate database, but consider the real-life case of a Montreal-area fifth-grader, who pled guilty to three charges stemming from attacks on government and police Web sites and databases in 2012 (bit.ly/1pHK40H).
In fact, the ones who really needed this explained to them were the businesses, governments and financial institutions that, two decades later, would find themselves contending with increasing identity theft.
Berkeley Breathed's Bloom County was very much a product of the 1980s, and its humor and observations reflect the era. Though some of the jokes may not have aged well, the technical lessons taught by young Oliver Wendell Jones certainly have.


We're excited to continue the roll out of our "rethinking collaboration" strategy by announcing our newest collaboration feature – Project Circles.
Project Circles is a secured, cloud workspace where individual contributors can share information and work collaboratively in a managed environment. Projects today, more often than not, require the interaction of parties outside the company walls. Mandates extend beyond the interaction with co-workers, to include external partners, suppliers and possibly existing clientele. These participants may be next door, across town or continents apart.
Project Circles serves as a "virtual conference room", bringing diverse parties together in a controlled forum to exchange information and to work effectively towards a common goal. The Project Circle is managed by a team leader. The team leader "owns" the Circle and is responsible for adding and removing contributors according to the needs of the project. There is no limit to the number of participants. Within the Circle, contributing members can share content easily with other members by selecting their name from a drop down menu. They can also assign editing and access permissions to their files to more closely control how others manage their content. Project Circles can be as temporary, or as permanent, as needed. Circles can be deactivated upon completion of a project, or they can be extended for future mandates.
Finally, Project Circles is not limited in its application. Whether it's managing the development of the next killer app, organizing a fund raising drive for a local volunteer group or planning the next family reunion, Project Circles provides the flexibility and ease of use to see projects through to their completion, effectively and securely.


Touch of Silver Intensive Treatment Conditioner contains active conditioning agents, penetrating the hair shaft helping to soften the hair and improving texture. This rich formulation contains Keratin, a hair compatible protein, to help rebuild hair internally.
Touch of Silver Intensive Treatment Conditioner contains active conditioning agents, penetrating the hair shaft helping to soften the hair and improving texture. This rich formulation contains Keratin, a hair compatible protein, to help rebuild hair internally. Sunflower Seed Extract & UV Absorber help to protect the structure of the hair and prevent colour fade. Optical Brightener delivers shine for hair that radiates with health! Directions for use: Use with Provoke Brightening Shampoo for an intensive treatment for super-sleek, radiant hair. After shampooing, run conditioner through the length of your hair and rinse thoroughly. For very dry or damaged hair, leave conditioner on for up to 10 minutes.
Aqua (Water), Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetrimonium Chloride, Behentrimonium Chloride, Cocamide MEA, Wheat Amino Acids, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Extract, Betaine, Polyquaternium-59, Quaternium-91, Butylene Glycol, Cetrimonium Methosulfate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Polyquaternium-39, Keratin, Hydrolyzed Keratin, Panthenol, Parfum (Fragrance), Disodium Distyrylbiphenyl Disulfonate, EDTA, Benzyl Alcohol, Potassium Sorbate, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Benzoate, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Linalool, Citric Acid, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone, Acid Violet 43.
See label before use. Directions: After shampooing, smooth on a generous amount of conditioner into towel-dried hair. Leave on for 3 minutes, then rinse thoroughly. For very dry, damaged hair, leave the conditioner on for up to 10 minutes.
See label before use. Caution: Avoid contact with the eyes. In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water.


The third Digimon Tri movie has arrived and started off on the right foot. This first episode of the movie hitting a lot of the points that I was hoping the third film would touch on. The first thing being that the second season Digi-Destined are all missing. Confirmation on that is nice, but the better thing is that the government is covering it up. Now the main cast is looking less incompetent for not finding out that their friends are missing.
I'm glad as well that TK and Kari are finally doing what they should have been doing in the first place in looking for everyone. Now the first episode didn't conclude their search, but at least it is nice to see them looking into it. If the remaining episodes in this movie can continue to build on that then one criticism I've had of the movies so far will be addressed.
The government in this movie is being the stereotype you would expect. They are at least appearing acting with the best of intentions. They are looking at and treating the Digi-Destined as children that they need to protect. Now I do think that is utterly stupid. These kids have saved their city and two worlds from major digital threats by this time. Yes they are children, but they are not kids that need coddling and overprotection. The government is just causing more problems by not giving these guys the tools they need to solve this situation. They will be upset, but it is better to know the truth so they can process it now.
It is nice that the government does not seem totally evil at this point, although I still have my doubts about that woman. She may be making it sound totally reasonable, but the reality is that they are making bad decisions. Give the information to the only people who can actually tackle this problem. Don't handicap them by lying and saying that the other kids are fine and nothing too serious is going on. Izzy is burning his brain out trying to solve a question that he would have an easier time with if he knew that Meicoomon is the source of the trouble. And frankly all the evil smiles she's given to this point makes her hard to trust.
A fair amount of this episode was understandably aftermath. Meiko is an emotional wreck to put it nicely. This girl is dealing with grief at her friend going missing, horrified by what happened to Leomon, and feeling she is at fault for everything. Now she is connected to all this, but Meiko is obviously putting way too much on her own shoulders. It was important for people like Mimi and Sora to stand by her and help lend a shoulder.
Meiko is the type that would turn inward and honestly she doesn't have that many people outside of the Digi-Destined that will help her let out her grief. Her mother seems like a nice person and her father is working hard…but neither is encouraging her to vent. Her father especially just gives her a tap on the shoulder and goes on to his work. Protecting his daughter is nice, but it doesn't help much if she falls apart emotionally. Good on Sora for being that "mother" of the team. Sora lets this girl unleash her pain and I think that will help Meiko stand up again. It is hard to move ahead when you are carrying grief with you.
Of course a big conflict came with Izzy and Mimi. Izzy has not gone through his arc yet and is falling into his old habits. I can understand him being desperate to find the solution to what is going on. He is obsessed with problem and solution and forgets that emotions matter. Meiko's grief and feelings are not trivial. It is important to find out what is going on, but not at the cost of torturing a person emotionally. I'm with Mimi on that one. They do need to find out what is going on and Izzy is right about that, but he needs to stop for a moment and realize that.
I'm glad to see Joe looking so confident and relaxed. Joe got through his darkness and now can walk with more perspective. It hasn't resolved that he may simply not be smart enough to get into Med School, but at least he isn't turning away from his friends. Hopefully Joe can give Izzy the push he needs to calm down and look at things rationally.
Well things are getting pretty darn serious with this episode. Patamon's infection is pushing TK's side of things forward. Making Patamon's infection stronger and further ahead of the others will allow for his situation to be the test case. How they will deal with this problem will at least answer how they can respond to the others. We also saw Agumon showing signs of infection so there is a real crisis in this episode. It probably isn't going to end there. If they can't do something about this problem in a hurry then they could lose their partners to it. Their Digimon are the last line of defense the world has and if they too fall into the dark….there isn't any hope at all.
A pretty ideal choice making TK the one to deal with all this. He represents the crest of hope and if he gives up then it really isn't going to turn out well at all. It is an understandable thing to hide the truth when things are looking bleak. People dealing with difficult problems often deflect even though they need help more than anything. Turning away from those trying to give you a hand is easy to do, but often creates additional problems.
It is almost like dealing with a person who has a terminal illness. TK wants to spend as much time with Patamon as he can. If he tells the truth he may be afraid that they won't let him stay around or that they might even take drastic actions to eliminate this infection early. So far Izzy hasn't found a cure yet so TK may feel like there isn't any point in actually revealing the truth. Though the reality is that all TK is doing is creating a danger and giving the team less time to figure out what to do about Patamon. Frankly if he waits for him to be completely infected then it will really be too late.
This did create a really emotional scene with TK and Patamon. Angemon sacrificed himself in the first arc of the original series and led to their first separation. Patamon isn't a fool either and it didn't take long to realize his own infection. Patamon has a really painful situation here. Patamon knows that sooner or later he'll lose his reason and possibly do as much or more harm than Meicoomon. He probably already figured out that he bit and hurt TK earlier. How painful was it for Patamon to tell TK that they should defeat him if he goes rogue? Patamon knows that hurts TK as much as anything, but he doesn't want to become a threat to his friends. These are two friends who are facing utter despair.
The scene of something calling Kari made for an interesting scene at the end. This girl has a strange connection to the higher forces in the digital world. I'm not sure if Kari is being targeted like the other season 2 characters or if this is a force more unique than that. Something dark may have gotten it's claws into her and that would be another big crisis to face in a short amount of time. At the very least someone going after Kari might push TK to face his fears a bit and charge forward.
There was a nice and cute scene with Sora and Biyomon. It is true that Sora often looks after everyone else and neglects her own wellbeing. It is good to have someone like Biyomon around that makes her the biggest priority. There is something to be said about being the supportive pillar for the rest of the team, but it won't matter if she herself crumbles. Whether that's a good or bad quality I'm not sure. Probably a mix of both.
That isn't necessarily the solution I would like to go with. It might get rid of the infection and resolve things, but the cost is extremely high. It wouldn't kill all the digimon, but their memories would be lost. And there is the possibility that resetting could cause unexpected consequence to not only the digital world but other worlds that exists in parallel to it. The biggest and hardest cost would be to the digimon's memories, but that isn't the only one to fear.
I'm glad at least Agumon spoke up to Tai and honestly I expect a few others to figure things out. Tentomon gave Izzy a bit of information about it, but clearly he hasn't foreseen the other consequences. I'm curious how Tai would deal with all of this. He hasn't had to be that involved with other characters having their arcs, but right now he has a big piece of information to juggle. It makes sense that Agumon couldn't hide the truth and now these two have to figure things out together.
I give credit to the Digimon for trying to face this with courage. Of course they don't want to lose their memories and forget their precious friends. But at the same time if that is the absolutely necessary path to protect the human world and the digital world….they'll take that. I give credit to Gatomon for being one of the few smart enough to raise the problems to the others. But she's also one who is active in trying to make their "last days" most fulfilling. Gatomon has had the toughest pasts of any of the other Digimon. She got lost, captured and raised by Myotismon, and had a long road to find Kari. But she's still willing to face this if it has to be done.
Just nice seeing how everyone decided to spend their time before the possible end. Gabumon just wanted to hear Matt's harmonica one more time and try to hold onto that precious memory. Biyomon just wanted to spend time with Sora and get her to open up about her future. Gomamon spending time with Joe and hearing about his actually existing girlfriend was pretty fun. The only really sad pair was TK and Patamon who are still suffering through the infection and waiting for the possible end.
I'm curious to see how the last episode for this movie plays out. There is a lot on the line and I wonder if it will end with the possible reboot or something else entirely. It is up to Izzy now to do what he can. I appreciate Tentomon's point that Izzy is at his best when having fun learning. Torturing himself about what he doesn't know just isn't the Izzy he wants to remember. It is hard when you can't see the answers, but a person isn't in the wrong just because they can't figure out a solution. Fingers crossed that the next episode doesn't end in tragedy.
Dang this was certainly one of the more action packed and emotional episodes in this whole movie saga. Just a big showdown and desperate effort from start to finish. The appearance of Meicoomon which triggered everything from the large fight between slowly corrupting allies to the big reboot made this easily a great episode. This was just a really emotional episode with Tentomon having to take such pains onto himself to try and save everyone. It made for an episode that I easily lost track of time as the time was counting away towards the reboot.
Things just continued to get worse as the episode went along. It started out simply with Agumon and Gomamon doing what they could to force Meicoomon back out of the real world so the damage of the battle wouldn't do any harm there. That was a smart decision in order to buy them time. Of course they didn't have any solution for helping Meicoomon or anyone else, but at least they could try to buy time. That got a lot harder when Meicoomon went ahead and evolved to the ultimate level in order to stay ahead of them.
I really enjoyed how frantic the action was. I'm still regretting we don't get much calling out of attacks, but in this case it worked pretty well. Everyone was basically trying not to use big attacks until they were fully infected and didn't care. It was fine to have the infected Digimon not speaking and acting like berserkers. It made the whole thing feel a bit more tragic and dangerous. For the longest time it was basically just MetalGreymon and Kabuterimon holding off all their allies.
This episode really got me pissed at the government though. That damn woman! I mean if she had just told them all this crap days ago then they had a chance to do something! It didn't even take Izzy more than a few hours to come up with a countermeasure against the reboot, but he just didn't have enough time. If he had even a single day he could have been there from the start and they could have pushed Meicoomon and everyone else into that backup zone before anyone was fully infected. But that couldn't be done because Izzy needed a few more moments to get everything ready and that was time they didn't actually have.
It's something like that which makes me feel like she's the real villain in all this. She knows way too much even if Gennai was working with the government. And anything she does know…she never shares with anyone! This person just lies like it's something entirely natural and almost never tells anyone the full truth. She wasn't even willing to tell the Digimon that their memories would be wiped. The only question I have is if she's super evil or just government ordered evil.
A really painful episode seeing Patamon head off to fight and TK left alone in his pain. He knew first that something bad was happening and refused to say anything. The end result of his silence being this terrible situation. Maybe if they had spoken up from the beginning they could have at least spent their time better or perhaps found a solution. TK gave up hope and stopped looking for a solution. He simply spent his time with Patamon in despair and fell as far from his crest as he possibly could.
The question of course is what will happen next. I'm glad this movie is longer than the previous ones. Leaving on this tragic note for several months would be horrible and I would not like it. Here's hoping the next episode resolves things a bit after the reboot and possibly shows how things didn't go as horribly wrong as it is looking. At least I hope so….
This episode somewhat felt like it was going pretty quick, but in this case I'm alright with that. I'm glad we managed to end the third movie with the main cast having returned to the digital world. Oh sure it means they are playing into the hands of their enemies, but I'm alright with that. The important thing is that we saw them making the bold move to return to the digital world and meet their partners again.
Will they be able to get their memories back? I honestly don't know, but I'm going to believe so. Having to start over is an interesting concept, but I think it would be a real tragedy if the Digimon got dragged into this conflict without ever really finding out what they've all been through. So until the last movie ends without their memories coming back…I'm going to presume the best. What I do like is that it was the whistle that Kari gave Gatomon at the end of the original series that brings them together. It acts almost as the signal for them to stand up again and face the future.
I guess when TK told Meiko that they were going to wait for her….he didn't mean that literally XD. Since by the time she managed to actually work up the nerve to go they were already long gone. Of course they are the types that act before stopping to think about it. I understand that Meiko needed the time to reflect, but maybe she should have done that on the move. Like with some people she was a lot stronger as a kid than she is as a teenager. It took remembering the past for her to really wake up in the present.
And yeah this episode finally confirmed with more than evil smiles that Himekawa is very much involved in all this. At least the evil Ken we saw before…was just a fake. That might mean that the Imperialdramon they defeated wasn't real either. That would explain the power discrepancies we saw in the fight against it. Although it is possible the reboot turned all those digimon partners back to normal as well. Or it is possible the reboot only affected the main party and was a big hoax from the beginning. There is just too much that isn't known right now.
What can be said for sure is that the main cast are playing into the hands of the villains right now. I'm not sure if Himekawa is working fully with the government and this is a plot from them though. Sadly at this point the enemy possibilities are pretty vast. She could be working for a completely different organization, but still a human one. Himekawa could also be controlled (or even be) a digimon and working with a digimon group in order to cause some kind of havoc. Regardless it is clear that they are involved in all this and could be involved in the second season cast going missing and being defeated as the opening moments of the first movie hinted.
It is kind of funny that the movie was called confessions and it wasn't the kind of confessions that some might have thought. This movie was all about the confessions about the hidden truth. TK couldn't confess to the others what was going on with Patamon and Meiko couldn't confess to everyone that Meicoomon was the source of the infection. A third party may have infected Meicoomon in order to use it in some way. Meicoomon seemed like a wild beast a lot of this movie which doesn't really scream ultimate villain. It would be cool to see Meicoomon finally be brought into the group and digivolve properly this time.
Overall I really enjoyed this third movie. It pushed the story ahead and finally has brought the main cast into the digital world. Although it does appear that something is very wrong and the villains have gotten what they wanted. I'm just not sure why Himekawa helped the digidestined get into the digital world to meet their partners again. It should end up biting her when they turn the tables, but that might not be for a while yet. I'm very curious how the fourth movie will unfold and if they will stay in the digital world for most of the remaining story.


I have followed with interest several opinion pieces and stories regarding unionism, the number of Catholics versus Protestants in Northern Ireland and new calls for Irish reunification.
I am originally a southerner from a Catholic background and predictably, would like to see a united Ireland by consent.
That position made clear, I agree with Alex Kane ('Four years from NI's centenary, there is no sign of unionism upping its game,' November 13) regarding Walter Ellis's remarks on unionists finding their place in such a state.
There would be no place for unionism as a political aspiration by definition.
Ellis's piece only makes sense if one replaces "unionist" with "Protestant".
Undoubtedly Ulster Protestants could find a place and enrich a united Ireland with a too-long absent culture and historical viewpoint.
Protestant history and Protestant culture is absent almost (but not quite) completely from the story of the Republic.
Perhaps – hopefully, or it would be an injustice to all people in Ireland – the very notion of what makes Irish history and Irish people could be reformed to something truly shared.
However, that is speculative and dependent on the wishes of the people.
Continued union is clearly now the majority aspiration in Northern Ireland, but it is not secure.
The threat I see to either unionism's future or my imagined Ireland is the association of religion with political and national identity.
Northern Ireland will cease to be a majority Protestant state.
If Northern Ireland is to secure a future in the UK, unionism must cease to be synonymous with religion.
Unionists must transform the perceived culture of unionism as surely now to prevent a united Ireland as Ellis implies Protestants would transform theirs if a united Ireland happened.


Your Toronto East End Lawn Care Professionals!
With winter finally on it's way out and the snow is gone, it's almost time for Spring Clean-Ups. Starting In April, we're offering property clean-up services designed to prime your lawn and gardens for early spring-time growth as well as prep them for lawn maintenance.
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Fix patchy areas of your lawn with some over-seeding and soil to renew and replenish damaged areas.
Efficient and cost effective weekly or bi-weekly lawn maintenance including mowing, trimming, and blowing clippings.
We are proud to offer a fertilization and aeration package which includes 3 fertilizations - spring, summer, and fall, and a spring aeration. By purchasing package you will save 15% off the regular price and you will give your lawn the best chance at being thick and healthy all season long! Call or email us for pricing!
Mowing and trimming of all grass, lawn or turfed areas.
Weeding and cultivation of flower/garden beds and edging.
Spring time removal of leaves, branches, litter and debris.
Lawn aeration and fertilization benefit lawns to promote healthy green growth.
Pruning and shaping of all hedges, shrubs, bushes, and uprights.
Removal of existing lawn and replaced with new sod.
Over-seeding thin lawns or spot-seeding bare or patchy areas of lawn and covered with fresh top soil.


Included in the package is one pair of clips for Hasselblad, neck strap not included.
If there is any problem please feel free to contact us, we are always here and make sure your problem is well solved! Our soft fishing lures will not let you down.


text:
Tag: Lenin
Looking for Lenin in contemporary Ukraine
On 08 December 2013, the Bessarabska Lenin statue on Taras Shevchenko Boulevard in Ukraine was demolished in the midst of the Euromaidan revolution. What followed was a wave of symbolic violence that came to be known as Leninfall [or 'Leninopad' by Ukrainians]. Seeking to erase all traces of the Ukraine's Soviet past, the government launched an official decommunisation process, outlawing communist monuments. Prior to these events around 5500 statues of Lenin stood in former Soviet state; today, not one remains. Fascinated by the fate of these statues, Swiss photographer Niels Ackermann and journalist Sébastien Gobert went on a quest to find them, documenting the results in the series Looking for Lenin. Published as a book last year, the series now going on show at Espace Images, Vevey.
Documentary, Exhibition, Features, Photobook, Ukraine
Eva Clifford 19 January 2018
BJP #7866: Revolution!
This year marked the 100th anniversary to the October Revolution; the Bolshevik coup lead by Vladamir Lenin that would result in the Russian Civil War (1917-22) and, ultimately, the foundation of the USSR and the communist regime that lasted until 1991. In the BJP's latest issue, we try to understand something of the vast history of the Eastern Bloc.
BJP, Documentary, Features, Fine Art, Interviews, Photobook, Projects, Uncategorized
Eoin Murray 6 November 2017
Arles 2017: Fiona Rogers' top five
Global business developer for Magnum Photos and founder of Firecracker, Fiona Rogers picks out her top five from the Arles festival and its fringe events – the group show Iran, Year 38; Looking for Lenin by Niels Ackermann; The Incurable Egoist by Masahisa Fukase; Life in Cities by Michael Wolf; and The Island of the Colorblind by Sanne De Wilde
Documentary, Events, Exhibition, Festivals, Fine Art, News, Photojournalism, Portraiture, Uncategorized
Fiona Rogers 26 July 2017

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A dispersed refuge model for women escaping domestic violence : A regional case study
- McDonald, John, Green, Rosemary
Authors: McDonald, John , Green, Rosemary
Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 7, no. 1 (2001), p. 85-89
Description: Refuges for women escaping domestic violence have traditionally been communal residences located in metropolitan areas. More recently, alternative service models have been funded to provide for clients with multiple and complex needs. This paper evaluates the first year of operation of an innovative refuge model for women and their children. "Marg's Place" is a statewide, high security, dispersed accommodation support model located in a regional setting. Evaluation methods included interviews, surveys, and analysis of client databases and program documents. Thirty-five women and 42 children used the service for an average stay of 20 days during the first 12 months. The main findings were that the dispersed model can cater for a wide range of service users, including those with multiple and complex needs, who would be unlikely to be successfully accommodated in a communal refuge. There was little evidence that the dispersed model contributes to feelings of isolation or loneliness for women or children. The regional setting presented both advantages and disadvantages for women wanting to resettle in the area. Women reported significantly enhanced levels of empowerment, and the high security provisions met their needs for safety. Overall, this refuge model provides an accessible, responsive and effective service.
Description: 2003004475
Ballarat health consortium : A case study of influential factors in the development and maintenance of a health partnership
- McDonald, John, Murphy, Angela, Payne, Warren
Authors: McDonald, John , Murphy, Angela , Payne, Warren
Description: Intersectoral partnerships in health have a central role in current policy and programs. Partnerships are seen to be an effective strategy for maximising health outcomes. However, theoretical models of health partnerships are underdeveloped. Moreover, the research literature contains inconsistent findings about their effectiveness, and there has been very little evaluative research on health partnerships in this country. This paper reports on a case study of an intersectoral consortium using a health promotion approach to cardiovascular disease. A model of partnership formation and development is presented. From this, a research strategy was devised and carried out. Results indicate that the health consortium was formed inresponse to a critical health issue, and as a separate legal entity without recurrent funding, it has been sustained through the commitment of individual members. Project funding has, in large part, dictated its operations. The case study reveals the strengths, vulnnerabilities and achievements of this consortium over five years. To produce sustainable health outcomes, the researchers conclude, partnerships require strategic management to capitalise on individual endeavours, organisational alignments, and government or funder priorities. Ideological zeal for intersectoral health partnerships must be balanced by rigorous evaluation; together with more sophisticated indicators for measuring success in partnerships in health promotion. Theoretical development of models of health partnerships will also contribute to their enhanced effectiveness.
Evidence-based health care and community nursing : Issues and challenges
- McDonald, John, Smith, Janine
Authors: McDonald, John , Smith, Janine
Relation: Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association Vol. 24, no. 3 (2001), p. 133-140
Description: This paper examines the implications of the movement towards evidence-based health care for community-based, primary health care nursing in Australia. While both aim to improve health status, we argue that they are antithetical in many respects. Community nurse practitioners draw upon primary health care principles and adopt a holistic, preventive, empowering approach to working with and in communities. By contrast, evidence-based approaches utilise systematic reviews of primarily quantitative research to inform decisions about health at three levels: public health, the health care system, and individual patients. In response to this challenge, community nurses must reiterate their philosophies and practice models. Moreover, it is imperative to produce verifiable evidence of the effectiveness of their approach while mounting a thorough critique of the evidence-based movement.
Using global optimization to improve classification for medical diagnosis and prognosis
- Bagirov, Adil, Rubinov, Alex, Yearwood, John
Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Rubinov, Alex , Yearwood, John
Relation: Topics in health information management Vol. 22, no. 1 (2001), p. 65-74
Description: Global optimization-based techniques are studied in order to increase the accuracy of medical diagnosis and prognosis with data from various databases. First, we discuss feature selection, the problem of determining the most informative features for classification in the databases under consideration. Then, we apply a technique based on convex and global optimization for classification in these databases. The third application of this technique is a method that calculates centers of clusters to predict when breast cancer is likely to recur in patients for which cancer has been removed. The technique achieves high accuracy with these databases. Better classifiers will lead to improved assistance in making medical diagnostic and prognostic decisions.
Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh groundwater : A major environmental and social disaster
- Alam, M. G. M., Allinson, Graeme, Stagnitti, Frank, Tanaka, A., Westbrooke, Martin
Authors: Alam, M. G. M. , Allinson, Graeme , Stagnitti, Frank , Tanaka, A. , Westbrooke, Martin
Relation: International Journal of Environmental Health Research Vol. 12, no. 3 (2002), p. 236-253
Description: In attempting to eliminate disease caused by drinking polluted surface water, millions of shallow surface wells were drilled into the Ganges delta alluvium in Bangladesh. The latest statistics indicate that 80% of Bangladesh and an estimated 40 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning-related diseases because the ground water in these wells is contaminated with arsenic. The clinical manifestations of arsenic poisoning are myriad, and the correct diagnosis depends largely on awareness of the problem. Patients with melanosis, leuco-melanosis, keratosis, hyperkeratosis, dorsum, non-petting edema, gangrene and skin cancer have been identified. The present article reviews the current arsenic contamination of ground water, hydrological systems, groundwater potential and utilization and environmental pollution in Bangladesh. This paper concludes by clarifying the main actions required to ensure the sustainable development of water resources in Bangladesh.
Reducing the energy cost of dragging sheep during sheep shearing
- Payne, Warren, Culvenor, John, Lawrance, Michael, Harvey, Jack, Cowley, Stephen, Stuart, David, Williams, Robyn
Authors: Payne, Warren , Culvenor, John , Lawrance, Michael , Harvey, Jack , Cowley, Stephen , Stuart, David , Williams, Robyn
Relation: Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand Vol. 18, no. 2 (2002), p. 173-179
Description: The task of dragging sheep into position for shearing has been reported by shearers as the most physically demanding and one of the highest injury risk aspects of shearing, particularly with regard to back injury. This study aimed to identify which of the currently used drag paths induced the lowest energy consumption and risk of injury. The drag path with the lowest work economy (oxygen cost per sheep dragged per minute) and highest injury risk is used by left-handed shearers who are shearing from a workstation which is designed for right-handed shearers. Importantly, there were no significant differences in the work economy of the two drag paths which were used most frequently and which involved the lowest injury risk. These data have been used in advocating the adoption of simple shearing shed design solutions to assist in the control of injury risk and energy expenditure in the wool industry.
Strengthening primary health care : Building the capacity of rural communities to access health funding
- McDonald, John, Brown, Leann, Murphy, Angela
Authors: McDonald, John , Brown, Leann , Murphy, Angela
Relation: Australian journal of rural health Vol. 10, no. 3 (2002), p. 173-177
Description: Present health funding models can place onerous pressures on rural health services. Staff may lack the time, resources, access to data, and the expertise needed to complete complex and lengthy funding submissions. This present study describes an innovative capacity-building approach to working with Victorian rural communities seeking to access health care funding through the Regional Health Services Program. This approach used several strategies: engaging stakeholders in targeted rural communities, developing an information kit and running a workshop on preparing submissions to the Regional Health Services Program, facilitating community consultations, and providing ongoing support with submissions. Six rural communities were supported in this way. Four have been funded to date, with a combined annual recurrent budget for new primary health care services of over $2.5 million. Each community has developed a service delivery model that meets the particular needs of their local area. This capacity-building approach is both effective and replicable to other health funding opportunities. The definitive version of this article is available at www3.interscience.wiley.com
A critical evaluation of the Australian accident classification standard
- Viner, D., Harvey, Jack, Borys, David
Authors: Viner, D. , Harvey, Jack , Borys, David
Relation: Safety in Australia Vol. 25, no. 2 (2003), p. 27-39
Description: The researchers undertook a study involving post-graduate occupational health and safety students at the University of Ballarat designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Australian standard for classifying accidents. The results showed that the classification scheme has significant limitations which may impact upon the setting of prevention priorities at the national, state, industry and organisational levels of the system for risk control.
Description: C3
An exploration of the role that expert knowledge plays in the assessment of undergraduate clinical competence: registered nurses' experiences
- Paliadelis, Penny, Cruickshank, Mary
Authors: Paliadelis, Penny , Cruickshank, Mary
Relation: Rural and remote health Vol. 3, no. 2 (2003 2003), p. 191-191
Description: INTRODUCTION: This phenomenological study, conducted in rural Australia, explored the experiences of registered nurses (RNs) responsible for assessing the clinical competence of undergraduate nursing students. The purpose of the study was to gain insight into the experiences of a group of registered nurses who assess student competence by exploring how they perform the assessment process. A key assumption on which this study was based is that the participants are 'expert nurses', as defined by Benner. METHOD: Participants were recruited using purposive sampling from a population of registered nurses who assessed the clinical performance of undergraduate nursing students studying at a rural university in New South Wales, Australia. Individual unstructured interviews were conducted and audiotaped with the participants' permission. The analysed data were given to all participants to check for accuracy and validation and a thematic analysis of the data was conducted. RESULTS: Four themes were identified; the major theme, described in this article, was identified in all the narratives. The participants all acknowledged that they use their expert nursing knowledge to assist them when assessing the clinical competence of nursing students. The participants used a variety of terms to describe this type of knowledge such as intuition, instinct, gut feeling and 'just knowing'. CONCLUSION: While the findings of this study confirmed that experienced nurses unconsciously use their expert nursing knowledge when making decisions about students' competence, the findings also indicated a lack of awareness or underestimation of the value of expert clinical knowledge. These findings reinforce the need for further investigation to determine the role of expert nursing knowledge in the clinical competency assessment process. This is particularly significant for rural registered nurses employed in small health-care facilities, who often assume the role of assessors of student clinical competence.
Impact of health and safety representative training on concepts of accident causation and prevention
- Culvenor, John, Cowley, Stephen, Harvey, Jack
Authors: Culvenor, John , Cowley, Stephen , Harvey, Jack
Description: In South Australia, health and safety representatives (HSRs) may undertake three levels of training, commencing at basic level, then progressing through advanced level to continuing level. A survey of 1,200 HSRs in SA was conducted to assess their beliefs about accident causation and accident prevention. In regard to accident causation, the survey found that HSRs showed a tendency to favour behavioural causation over workplace environment or systems-type causation. In regard to accident prevention, HSRs at all levels of training had a preference for low-order controls. However, there appears to be some shift in thinking by the time HSRs have completed all levels of training (that is, to the continuing training level), though the thinking of most remains distinctly safe-worker in orientation.
Prevention of falls and manual handling injuries among plasterers : The case for intervention
- Cowley, Stephen, Leggett, Susan
Authors: Cowley, Stephen , Leggett, Susan
Relation: Journal of Occupational Health and Safety Australia and New Zealand Vol. 19, no. 5 (2003), p. 447-456
Description: Although there are few sources of information specific to plastering, there are data that suggest that individuals who do this type of work are at high risk of injury. While it is commonly accepted internationally that plasterers are exposed to significant risks in the areas of manual handling and falls, direct comparisons to and wholesale adoption of overseas knowledge are inappropriate. A literature review has demonstrated that there has been a great emphasis on defining the size of the problem. There is limited research relating to the adoption of evaluated risk control strategies, and what controls are known are not necessarily universally applicable. The risk control strategies that are known and available are in need of evaluation. To increase the adoption of evaluated risk controls, it is recommended that social marketing strategies be used.
Willing hands at Hualien
- Driver, Strobe
Authors: Driver, Strobe
Relation: Australian Journal of Rural Health Vol. 11, no. 6 (2003), p. 259
13 days and counting : A mutual support model for young, homeless women in crisis
- Green, Rosemary, Mason, Robyn, Ollerenshaw, Alison
Authors: Green, Rosemary , Mason, Robyn , Ollerenshaw, Alison
Relation: Youth Studies Australia Vol. 23, no. 2 (2004), p. 46-50
Description: An innovative program in rural Victoria matches young homeless women with older homeless women and provides them with a range of support services.The result is more stability in the accommodation setting, mutual benefit and satisfaction for clients, and impressive rates of permanent housing outcomes.
A rural perspective of telephone counselling and referral
- Watson, Robert, McDonald, John
Authors: Watson, Robert , McDonald, John
Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 10, no. 2 (2004), p. 97-103
Description: A telephone survey was used to examine rural residents' (n=102) perceptions and knowledge of a well-established national telephone counselling and referral service-Lifeline. Residents in rural Australia experience generally poorer access and availability to health-related services than their metropolitan counterparts. They may also have problems with confidentiality and stigmatisation in using what services are available in their area. Although this was a non-comparative study, it was reasoned that these barriers to help-seeking in rural areas would mean their population would know and value a service such as Lifeline, which provides equitable and anonymous support and referrals to all Australians. The results showed that the service was known, valued, and supported strongly by the respondents. The findings supported the belief that telephone counselling and referral has an important and unique place in rural health support and referral.
Increasing the adoption of OHS risk controls in small business : Can social marketing help to achieve change?
- Cowley, Stephen, Else, Dennis, LaMontagne, A.
Authors: Cowley, Stephen , Else, Dennis , LaMontagne, A.
Relation: Journal of Occupational Health and Safety Australia and New Zealand Vol. 20, no. 1 (2004), p. 69-77
Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of squash venue operators relating to use of protective eyewear
- Eime, Rochelle, Finch, Caroline, Owen, Neville, Gifford, Sandra, Vear, Paul
Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Finch, Caroline , Owen, Neville , Gifford, Sandra , Vear, Paul
Relation: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion Vol. 11, no. 1 (2004), p. 47-53
Description: Sports venues are in a position to potentially influence the safety practices of their patrons. This study examined the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of venue operators that could influence the use of protective eyewear by squash players. A 50% random sample of all private and public squash venues affiliated with the Victorian Squash Federation in metropolitan Melbourne was selected. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 squash venue operators during August 2001. Interviews were transcribed and content and thematic analyses were performed. The content of the interviews covered five topics: (1) overall injury risk perception, (2) eye injury occurrence, (3) knowledge, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs associated with protective eyewear, (4) compulsory protective eyewear and (5) availability of protective eyewear at venues. Venue operators were mainly concerned with the severe nature of eye injuries, rather than the relatively low incidence of these injuries. Some venue operators believed that players should wear any eyewear, rather than none at all, and believed that more players should use protective eyewear. Generally, they did not believe that players with higher levels of experience and expertise needed to wear protective eyewear when playing. Only six venues had at least one type of eyewear available for players to hire or borrow or to purchase. Operators expressed a desire to be informed about correct protective eyewear. Appropriate protective eyewear is not readily available at squash venues. Better-informed venue operators may be more likely to provide suitable protective eyewear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Injury Control & Safety Promotion is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
What works for therapists conducting family meetings : Treatment integrity in family-focused grief therapy during palliative care and bereavement
- Chan, Eunice, O'Neill, Imogen, McKenzie, Maria, Love, Anthony, Kissane, David
Authors: Chan, Eunice , O'Neill, Imogen , McKenzie, Maria , Love, Anthony , Kissane, David
Relation: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Vol. 27, no. 6 (2004), p. 502-512
Description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment integrity of Family-focused Grief Therapy (FFGT), a preventive intervention designed for families at high risk of poor functioning during palliative care and bereavement. From the 81 families participating in a randomized controlled trial (53 assigned to therapy), 28 were randomly selected for this study of treatment fidelity using the ITGT integrity measure. A total of 109 family sessions were appraised. This represented a review of 62 % of treated families, 38 % of total therapy sessions, and 87% of the 15 participating therapists. Weighted mean percentage occurences therapist behaviors permitted trends in therapy application to be observed. Inter-rater reliability using the FFGT integrity measure was satisfactory, with 88 % overall agreement. Eighty-six percent of therapists adhered faithfully to core elements of the model. Therapist competence was evidenced by a strong therapeutic alliance (94 %), affirmation of family strengths in over 90%, and focus on agreed themes in 76 % of sessions. Therapists averaged 10 grief-related questions per session, 7 on communication-related issues during assessment, 7 on conflict late in therapy, and 4 on cohesiveness across the course of therapy. Consistent application of FFGT, with attention to its low-key themes of family communication, cohesiveness, conflict resolution, and shared grief has been demonstrated. The model is generalizable when applied by family therapists. (C) 2004 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Adolescents with chronic illnesses : School absenteeism, perceived peer aggression, and loneliness
- Shute, Rosalyn, Walsh, Christine
Authors: Shute, Rosalyn , Walsh, Christine
Relation: The Scientific World Journal Vol. 5, no. (2005), p. 535-544
Description: Frequent school absence is often cited as a risk factor for peer relationship problems in youngsters with chronic illnesses, but this assumption has not been subjected to quantitative empirical examination. This issue was examined in the present study by exploring the relationship between school absenteeism, peer aggression, and loneliness in adolescents with chronic illnesses. Forty-one adolescents with chronic illnesses completed a modified version of the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale and the Asher Loneliness Scale. Details of school absences and hospitalizations were obtained from parents and school and hospital records. No evidence was found to support the notion that peer aggression and loneliness are related to absenteeism, but social aggression (for both boys and girls) and verbal aggression (more markedly for girls) were associated with loneliness. Of the group, 19% reported experiencing verbal aggression and 12% social aggression at least weekly; informal qualitative data suggesting that such aggression is often related to limited sporting ability and appearance. Interventions at both the individual and school community level are warranted.
Initial force and desirable handle height range when pushing a trolley
- Culvenor, John
Authors: Culvenor, John
Description: Trolleys are used in many workplaces, often as a solution to the hazards of lifting and carrying. Guidelines are available to set limits on the force that can be reasonably applied for push and pull activities in a workplace setting. With a level floor, low friction and short movements, the force applied for acceleration when pushing a trolley is more significant than the sustained effort (however, many factors interact with the force and these must be considered together). This study determined the initial force applied to trolleys in a manufacturing setting, with a level floor and low rolling friction. Subjects were asked to move trolleys (weighing between 160 kg and 400 kg) a short distance in the way that they would normally do the work. Results showed a preferred grip height of 120-135 cm. The average results for applied force fell closely along a linear relationship. Future research could be conducted in an experimental setting and include more comprehensive trials with a greater number of subjects (including women).
Managing panic disorder in general practice
- Austin, David, Blashki, Grant, Barton, David, Klein, Britt
Authors: Austin, David , Blashki, Grant , Barton, David , Klein, Britt
Relation: Australian Family Physician Vol. 34, no. 7 (2005), p. 563-571
Description: BACKGROUND: Panic disorder (PD) is common in the community and contributes to significant distress and decreased quality of life for people who suffer from it. Most people with PD will present in the first instance to their general practitioner or hospital emergency department for assistance, often with a focus on somatic symptoms and concerns. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to assist the GP to manage this group of patients by providing an outline of aetiology, approaches to assessment, and common management strategies. DISCUSSION Although GPs have an important role to play in ruling out any causal organic basis for panic symptoms, the diagnosis of PD can usually be made as a positive diagnosis on the basis of careful history taking. Thorough and empathic education is a vital step in management. The prognosis for PD can be improved by lifestyle changes, specific psychological techniques, and the judicious use of pharmacotherapy.


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Southeast braces for heavy rain, potential flash flooding
Moderate to heavy rain will spread from the Deep South to the entire East Coast
By James Rogers | Fox News
Coming Up on 'Fox News Sunday': November 29
This week on 'Fox News Sunday,' President Trump says coronavirus vaccines could be distributed as early as next week and U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams weighs in on what we can expect heading into the new year.
As the U.S. approaches the end of the Thanksgiving weekend, forecasters are eyeing a developing storm system along the northern Gulf Coast.
"A developing storm system tracking along the northern Gulf Coast Sunday will bring locally heavy rainfall, potential for flash flooding, and a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the south and southeast states," the National Weather Service tweeted.
"Ample wind shear and a conditionally unstable atmosphere will create conditions for scattered severe weather today and this evening across the Gulf Coast and Southeast," added the National Weather Service, in a subsequent tweet. "Damaging winds and a few tornadoes are possible."
In a note released early Sunday, forecasters said that moderate to heavy rain will spread from the Deep South to the entire East Coast over the next couple of days. Severe thunderstorms are possible across the southeast and the mid-Atlantic coast, they added.
THIS DAY IN HISTORY: NOV. 29
Weather map showing the developing storm system. (NOAA/NWS)
"Accumulating snow expected for parts of the Ohio Valley into the central and southern Appalachians later on Monday into Tuesday," the National Weather Service said.
In the West, a wave of moisture is expected to reach the Pacific Northwest later on Sunday. "Rain and wind will be on the increase near the coast while snow is forecast to reach into the interior mountains today and into Monday as the front arrives," the National Weather Service explained. "By Tuesday morning, some of the snow should move into the central Rockies."
Forecasters warned that an elevated risk of fire weather continues in Southern California. "The fire risk will remain elevated for much of the Coastal Ranges of southern California through Monday under a continued dry and breezy wind from the north and northeast," they said.
Follow James Rogers on Twitter @jamesjrogers
Here's how much debt the average American has — and how to pay it off


Nobody likes to think about the risks that face their business. Fire, flood, theft are all things that can devastate a restaurant or cafe but we all hope that it never happens to us. That's why getting the right restaurant insurance helps you have the peace of mind that you're protected should the worst happen.
And, fires in restaurants and wine bars do happen. Only recently, an Italian restaurant in the town of Chorley was gutted by fire, highlighting the importance of getting the right restaurant insurance. Keep reading to learn more.
Two town centre streets were closed off after what police called a 'very large fire'. As well as destroying the restaurant, the fire also caused damage to the neighbouring Cash Converters shop.
A spokesman for the fire service said a cause has yet to be established but it was likely parts of the building would eventually be demolished.
While the right restaurant insurance can't help prevent a fire, it can ensure that your business survives. Keep reading to find out how.
A fire at your restaurant could spell the end of your business. As well as the damage caused to fixtures, fittings and the building itself you could lose your stock and your takings. And, your premises could be closed for weeks or months while the fire damage is cleared and the interior is rebuilt.
Good quality cafe or restaurant insurance ensures you are protected against fire. It provides cover against the cost of repairing or replacing your furniture, stock and fittings in the event of a blaze.
You can also choose to include 'business interruption' insurance. This protects you against loss of earnings if you are unable to open your bistro, restaurant or cafe due to a fire. It ensures you retain an income if you have to close your business for a period.
Do you have adequate protection against fire? Get a restaurant insurance quote today and benefit from the peace of mind that your business is properly covered.


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Home » Cities » Gibraltar city guide
Make Gibraltar the right way!
COVID 19- UPDATE – Entrance to Gibraltar through Spain is possible at the moment. Please note that due to the situation generated by Codiv-19 it will not be possible to access Gibraltarthroguh the Spanish border to non-EU residents. You may be requested to carry out one or two tests and remain at your hotel in case you have visited several countries 14 days prior to your visit to Gibraltar.
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory occupying a small peninsula of Spain's southern Mediterranean coast. This small British territory is heavily fortified, and is home to two very strategic military bases, one belonging to the RAF and another to the Royal Navy. The Straight of Gibraltar is the only entrance to the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean, and there fore a place of great strategic importance. But Gibraltar inst just a military stronghold, its filled with interesting and beautiful things to see and do. Check out our Gibraltar City Guide for all the information you will need on this odd little territory.
Gibraltar city guide - Table of Contents
Practical information to plan your visit to Gibraltar
Gibraltar: an intruduction to an enigmatic territory
Gibraltar has been a symbol of the dominance of the Royal Navy since the 1800's and it is commonly called, in that context, as "the Rock."
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 meant a big boost in strategic importance for Gibraltar. It became an essential provisioning port was.
Since the Second World War the British military base and the naval base have been an essential part of the local economy. Gibraltar's naval base has often serviced NATO forces in the Mediterranean.
The Rock of Gibraltar is also considered to be one of the two Pilars of Hercules. In Greek mythology, Hercules arrives at the end of the earth during the completion of his tenth. To do so he rips apart two mountains that are stopping the flow of the Atlantic ocean. By separating the two continents the Atlantic flows in and inundates the land, creating the Mediterranean sea. The two mountains are supposedly Gibraltar and either Mount Hacho, near the city of Ceuta or Jebel Moussa (Musa), in Morocco. According to Homer these Pillars defined the western limits of navigation for the ancient Mediterranean world.
Where is Gibraltar?
Gibraltar is attached to the province of Cádiz, Andalucía in Southern Spain. It is directly south of the Spanish town of La Línea and just northeast of the Straight of Gibraltar. The territory is just 3 miles (5 km) long and 0.75 mile (1.2 km) wide.
Why is Gibraltar Famous?
Gibraltar may be more infamous than famous. The territory is physically connected to Spain, but belongs to the British government. Residents on the Island speak English, British law is applied, you will even find the iconic red telephone booths, yet the territory is literally part of Spain.
As we mentioned before Gibraltar fell under British rule in the 1800's has remained that way ever since. The strait of Gibraltar and Gibraltar itself is an area of great strategic importance, as it is the gateway to the Mediterranean and the UK government has refused to relinquish the territory.
This has been a point a contention between the Spanish and British governments for decades.
A short history of Gibraltar
The small peninsula of Gibraltar has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Excavations of limestone caves of Gibraltar show evidence of sporadic inhabitation dating back 42 thousand years.
In the year 711 muslim troops as they occupied the Iberian Peninsula and this is the first time the Startegic value of the Peninsula becomes evident. After this the site will change hands numerous times but will always be used as a fortress. Gibraltar was then annexed by the Spanish Crown in 1501, by Queen Isabel I of Castille, after the end of the Muslim occupation of the Iberian Peninsula in 1462. Next, Gibraltar would become part of the British government in 1704 during the Spanish War of Succession.
The Spanish War of Succession was fought to determine the next king of Spain, as the crown was in dispute. Though this was a completely Spanish matter, forces from all over Europe aligned themselves with either candidate to the throne as to defend their political and economic interests. Sir George Rooke captured Gibraltar for the British during the war and Spain formally ceded it under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht at the end of the in 1713.
The Spanish made several attempts to reclaim Gibraltar from the British government. From 1779 to 1783 Spain maintained a military siege of the peninsula that was ultimately unsuccessful. Gibraltar officially became a British crown colony in 1830.
Once the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, the British became even more determined to keep possession of Gibraltar. At the time, the Mediterranean was the main route to Britain's colonies in East Africa and southern Asia.
In the 1960s, as decolonization was taking place worldwide, the Spanish government demanded the return of the peninsula. As a consequence, in 1967 a referendum was held giving residents a choice of between Spanish sovereignty or for continued British occupation. The disputed result was to continue under British rule.
In 1969 a new constitution was drafted for Gibraltar that explicitly reaffirmed Gibraltar's link with Britain while also granting it full internal self-government. In response the Spanish government closed its border with Gibraltar. This deprived the territory of Spanish goods and labour. This blockade ended in 1985.
The status of Gibraltar has remained a source of friction between the Spanish and British governments. In a nonbinding referendum in 2002 recognized by neither government, 99 percent of Gibraltar's voters rejected joint British-Spanish sovereignty. Gibraltar subsequently was allowed by both governments to represent itself in negotiations on its future.
Top things to do and see in 1 day
You can easily visit most if not all of Gibraltar's main attractions in one day. AS we have mentioned, Gibraltar is quite small (2.5 square miles and home to not even 33 thousand people). If you want to be as efficient as possible, you can even book a tour that will take you around the island in under 2 hours and include a visit to St. Michael Cave and to see the famous Barbary apes that are so characteristic of Gibraltar.
Visit ST. Michael Cave
St Michael Cave is actually a web of limestone caves located 1,000 feet above sea level. Gibraltar is home to over 150 different caves, St, Michel being the largest and most elaborate. In fact, there are over 30 miles of tunnels burrowing into the Rock of Gibraltar which means that there is more "real-estate" under Rock than around it.
St Michaels features a beautiful display of stalagmites, stalactites and other rock formations. The cave is so vast that, during World War II, it was turned into a hospital, though it was never used as such. No a days the cave is used as a concert hall and for other such events.
Meet the famous Barbary apes
These mischievous little creatures run the island. They are harmless and cheeky and have become accustomed to human presence, so you can get up close and personal with them, but under no circumstances must you touch them or feed them. They are still wild animals and can be unpredictable.
Barbary Apes aren't apes at all. They are in fact, an endangered species of Macaque, and therefore are monkeys. They are small, fluffy and cute and one of only two species of tail-less monkeys. The resident colony on Gibraltar consist of just over 200 individuals, and both parents, male and females raise their young and these monkeys can live up to 25 years.
Prince Ferdinand's Battery, or the Apes' Den, on the Upper Rock, is home to the vast majority of Gibraltar's macaques.
Enjoy the views from Upper Rock
After visiting St. Michael's Cave and the macaques, you should take the chance to enjoy the spectacular views of the Upper rock. This area is known as the Gibraltar Nature Reserve at Upper Rock. Here you will also find Great Siege Tunnels that were dug out at the end of the 18th century by the British when Spanish forces blocked off the peninsula.
Perhaps the most scenic route to reach the upper rock is by cable car. You can of course hike up or get there by car, but the cable car will give you a more picturesque and thrilling experience. From this point, on a clear day, Morocco is easily visible and makes for an amazing photo opportunity.
Visit Europa Point
Another of Gibraltar's great photo opportunities is Europa point. This is the southernmost point of Gibraltar. The southernmost point of Europe is actually the windy Kite surfing haven of Tarifa, 15.5 miles southwest of Gibraltar.
Europa point also features an lighthouse that has been standing strong since 1838, and a beautiful Mosque that was a gift from King Fahd of Saudi Arabia for Gibraltar's Muslim community.
All of this, plus the fact that Morocco is clearly visible from this point make for some breath-taking views.
Casemates Square
Casemates Square is the heart of urban Gibraltar. Casemates Square was originally built on sand. During the Moorish occupation of Gibraltar, the area was originally a beach and moors built their city square on the same spot Casemates currently sits.
Casemates square is large and bustling, lined with restaurants, bars and shops. If you choose to sit down for a drink and a bite to eat do not expect typical tapas on the menu. Fish and chips and other British delicacies is what you will find on Gibraltar.
Gibraltar is packed with hundreds of shops, and Gibraltar's Main Street is where you will find the best of the best. Plus, consumer goods are particularly inexpensive on Gibraltar due to the low taxes the territory enjoys. You will find all sort of high-end brands and uniquely British shops like Marks & Spencer that aren't present in Spain.
Be warned that you will need British pounds to be able to indulge in a shopping spree.
What is Gibraltar Coffee?
Gibraltar coffee is similar to the Spanish cortado. The beverage was originally drunk by bartenders themselves for a quick pick me up as the worked. It is basically a shot of espresso with a splash of cool milk, to chill the coffee enough so that it is easily drinkable. It is served in a small glass (known as a Gibraltar glass) and not in a ceramic mug with no sugar.
The Cortado, it's Spanish counterpart, is also a shot of espresso and a splash of milk, but the milk is normally hot, it is served in a ceramic mug and accompanied by a little sugar.
How to get to Gibraltar from Seville
Your best option from the city of Seville is to get there by car. It will take you about 3hours to get there, so make sure to set aside a full day if you are planning on visiting.
How to get to Gibraltar from Málaga
The city of Málaga is slightly closer to Gibraltar than Seville. It will take you about 2 hours to get there by car (which is again the best option).
Best things to do Near Gibraltar
Setenil de las bodegas, the village built on a rock in Cadiz
Setenil de las bodegas is a small white village located in the province of Cadiz. Its surname says a lot about Setenil. "De las bodegas" refers to the many caves in the rocks of this village. Some of its houses are literally built on the rocks and it is easy to imagine Neolithic caves that served as dwellings for hunting groups. One of Spain´s hidden gems for sure!
Andalusia is home to many amazing cities, one of which is Ronda. Find out what makes it so special.
Cadiz Carnival – the amazing sound of comparsas
The origins of the modern Carnival, have religious origin following the ban of eating meat on days of Lent, which begins forty days before each Holy Saturday, also known as Ash Wednesday. From this day is a period of reflection for Christians in which one of his penance is fasting in preparation for Easter.
Arcos de la frontera is one of the jewels in the province of cadiz. It is a picturesque town on a rock on the North bank of the Rio Guadalete. From there it rises like a spectacular amphitheatre. Arcos de la Frontera was known as Medina Arkosh in Arab times, the name was changed after its seizure by Alfonso X in 1250. The Arab alcázar was succeeded by the castle of the Dukes of Arcos.
Video of Gibraltar - The city in a nutshell
Other cities in Andalusia
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The strange case of Cagney's Machine Gunners
If I said "James Cagney" and "Cinematic violence," most moviegoers would think "gangster movies," or, possibly, "grapefruit." Personally, what comes to mind first and foremost is "ducking live machine-gun fire right there on the set!"
I had no idea this was possible before digging up a book on special effects from the early 80's that mentioned Cagney had started working in gangster movies before squibs were widespread. Apparently, cutting-edge special effects at the time involved using sharpshooters carefully firing close to the actors at nearby set pieces, since squibs were either rare, expensive, or nonexistent.
Cagney's autobiography (Cagney by Cagney) confirms this, claiming that Warner Brothers retained a Marine Corps machine gunner (and WWI veteran) for just such effects. Just who this gunner was is something of a mystery. Cagney by Cagney simply references "a man named Bailey." while Imdb claims a fellow named George Daly was the gunner in question.
The most spoken-of shooting is from The Public Enemy, in a scene where Cagney's character ducks around a building to avoid gunfire. From a combination of very sketchy sources and conjecture, the effect worked something like this:
The Gunner was put on a raised platform some 15 or 20 feet from the "building," which was a false structure. There he set up his position (for the sake of argument, we'll say a Thompson submachine gun and some sort of modified bench rest). Cagney enters frame, ducks around the building (I hope to the gods in some sort of fortified position) and the gunner fires off however many bursts are needed that take.
As a machine gunner myself, it sounds completely possible. In a set-in position, with a Thompson, at those ranges, in trained hands, the term surgically accurate would apply. It's also something I'd never, EVER do on a set, and would probably have some choice educational vocabulary terms for anyone who suggested it.
At the time, apparently such things were commonplace.
But no less terrifying. While Cagney had been shot at in other movies over the years (including Taxi!), by the time they filmed Angels with Dirty Faces he'd gotten rather tired of such treatment.
One shot in the film required Cagney to hang outside a window while shooting below. Returning fire was supposed to break the window glass around his head. Cagney was understandably annoyed at this, trying to get director Michael Curtiz to just superimpose the shot of him shooting with a shot of the glass breaking (which would have been relatively simple, even with the FX technology of the time.)
In the end, a shot was taken without Cagney, with the gunner shooting the windows out. One of the rounds ricocheted off the steel window frame, passing into the room and through the wall. Cagney had escaped being shot by sheer force of argument.
I'd love to know more about how this happened, but there's really a dearth of information out there. How many gunners plied their trade for Hollywood before squibs made sharpshooters (thankfully!) obsolete? There's supposedly George Daly, was he the only one? If so, Imdb claims that Daly was killed in an explosion on the set of The Road Back in 1937. That means there was another gunner duringAngels with Dirty faces, which was filmed a year after Daly's death. Is this the "Bailey," Cagney talked about in his autobiography? Who knows?
I've been looking into online veteran finders to see if I can dig up anything more on Daly, but it's been slow going. There may be more info tucked into someone's memoirs somewhere. If I find anything, I'll put it up here.
In the meantime, whenever someone complains about my safety procedures, I can always go, "Be happy you aren't REALLY being shot at."
Certa Bonum Certamen


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Creators Article Recalls John Roberts as a Student
E&P Staff August 1, 2005
Creators Syndicate is offering a one-shot article about Supreme Court Justice nominee John Roberts. It's written by Douglas Newcombe, a former prep-school classmate of Roberts' and the brother of Creators President Rick Newcombe.
Douglas Newcombe — a data-processing consultant who lives in Phoenix, Ariz. — spent four years with Roberts at La Lumiere School in La Porte, Ind., between 1969 and 1973.
Newcombe wrote: "John was number one in the class, but what was most striking about him was what he did with his abilities. He was a workhorse. John always put in 100%. I remember dragging myself out of bed at 4 in the morning, determined to catch up on my Latin. I tiptoed down to the basement, and there was John, already studying. … John didn't just succeed in academics, but in every aspect of his life. … He was always there whenever I needed help. He encouraged me to press on when things got tough. John was an inspiration to me — to all of us. … By our senior year, John and I were co-editors of the student newspaper, and I was the manager of the football team he co-captained."
The Creators guest writer — who has been interviewed about Roberts by The New York Times, The Washington Post, Newsweek, CBS News, and other media outlets — concluded: "I predict he will impress the entire country once people get to know him the way his classmates did three decades ago."
https://www.editorandpublisher.com/news/creators-article-recalls-john-roberts-as-a-student/
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David O. Russell is in talks for adaptation of Boy21
July 20, 2017 by Samuel Brace
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Director David O. Russell is in talks to produce an adaptation of Basketball drama Boy21.
The man behind American Hustle and The Fighter, is currently in talks to produce Boy21, a film version of Matthew Quick's basketball novel.
Swift has already seen one of his novels adapted by O. Russell, he directed The Silver Linings Playbook starring Jennifer Lawrence and Bradley Cooper. The film picked up eight Oscar nominations.
Boy21, published by Little, Brown and Co., tells the story of two high school seniors in a rough town that is ruled by the Irish mob. One looks after his disabled grandfather, finding some respite when playing basketball, and the other is a former basketball prodigy whose life is upended by a tragedy.
John Whittington is currently onboard as a screenwriter for the project but no director or actors are as yet signed onto the film.
John Malkovich's Mr. Mudd, and Channing Tatum's Free Association, are the production companies behind the movie.
Filed Under: Movies, News, Samuel Brace Tagged With: Boy21, david o russell
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