text:
Worms on buttocks: Pinworms Were Living In This Woman's Anus—Here's What That Means
Parasitic worm study removed after pictures of British couple's buttocks published by tabloids | The Independent
Back-to-school worms to watch out for
Dientamoeba
Toxocara
Cysticercosis
Threadworms
British Medical Journal's photos of buttocks bit by worms a bit too revealing for patients
There are as many types of cruises as there are plates on a buffet. What floats your boat?
If you want to avoid bed bugs, don't leave your dirty laundry in your room, new study says
Filariasis | DermNet NZ
What is filariasis?
How do you get filariasis?
What are the cutaneous signs and symptoms of filariasis?
Onchocerciasis
Bancroftian and Malayan filariasis (lymphatic filariasis)
Loiasis
Mansonelliasis
Dirofilariasis
How do you treat filariasis?
How can you prevent filariasis?
Cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption, sand worm
The parent's guide to symptoms and treatment
What is ringworm?
How do you catch ringworm?
Ringworm symptoms in children
Ringworm vs. other rashes
What should I do if suspect my child has ringworm?
Treatments for ringworm in kids
Ringworm of the body
Ringworm of the scalp
How to prevent ringworm in kids
Parasite nearby – Power – Kommersant
Diagnostics of trichinosis – pass the analysis to SZTSDM
Analysis for enterobiasis
Get tested for parasites in Yekaterinburg
Inflammation of the paraanal glands in dogs
Symptoms of inflammation of the paraanal glands in dogs
Causes of the disease
The British Medical Journal has pulled a paper on parasitic worms after the subjects of the study ended up having photos of their buttocks published by tabloids.
An unnamed husband and wife contracted the infection on the island of Martinique during a Caribbean cruise.
While enjoying a trip to the beach, the couple reported feeling an initial burning sensation on their skin as they sat on the sand.
A day later, the 52-year-old woman noticed a rash of "red pinprick marks" had appeared across her buttocks, according to the BMJ report.
The pair later sought treatment at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, where doctors told them they had cutaneous larva migrans, also known as hookworm larvae.
They were both treated with medication to treat parasitic infections after a round of steroids and antibiotics they were given on the cruise ship failed to work.
But trouble arose when Dr Douglas Maslin at Addenbrooke's decided to share the case through the BMJ after noting a "lack of familiarity with the condition" had delayed his team from making a diagnosis.
Photographs of the couples' infections posted alongside Dr Maslin's report were soon picked up by several tabloids.
Within days of the findings being published, the photographs were being run next to stories with headlines such as "Caribbean getaway leaves a nasty souvenir" and "Beach couple left with burning red rashes on their backsides".
First Minister Nicola Sturgeon with Mapuche leader and Minga Indigena Lead Coordinator Claflin Lafkenche (right) alongside indigenous delegates at a ceremonial gathering at the Tramway in Glasgow in a symbolic gesture to mark a unified demand for climate justice
Ocean Rebellion put on a display of puking oil heads ahead of climate change conference COP26 in Glasgow
A man dressed as Santa Claus outside Selfridges in London as the department store unveils its Christmas windows on Oxford Street
Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak during a visit to Fourpure Brewery in Bermondsey, London, after the chancellor announced a cut to beer taxes in his budget
Activist Steve Bray demonstrates with a toilet outside the gates of Downing Street, after MPs voted in Parliament against the Environment Bill, allowing companies to pump raw sewage into UK rivers and seas, in London
Second World War veteran James White, 96, at the opening of the Edinburgh Garden of Remembrance, marking the start of the remembrance period
Richard Ratcliffe holds up a photo of his wife Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe as he protests outside the Foreign Office while on hunger strike, part of an effort to lobby the UK foreign secretary to bring his wife home from detention in Iran
Partner of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, Stella Morris and Editor in Chief of WikiLeaks Kristinn Hrafnsson attend a protest ahead of the appeal hearing over Assange's extradition, in London
Palace Gardener Justine Howlett adds the finishing touches to pumpkins bearing the face of Henry VIII and his wives, at Hampton Court Palace.
Flooded fields near Lingfield in Surrey, after southern England was hit overnight by heavy rain and strong winds from Storm Aurore moving in from France
A wing surfer enjoys the strong winds as they surf in the sea off of Hayling Island in Hampshire
Actor Jude Law holds hands with Little Amal, a 3.5-metre-tall puppet of a nine-year-old Syrian girl, as it arrives in Folkestone, Kent, as part of the Handspring Puppet Company's 'The Walk'
A view over Southend-on-Sea in Essex, which is set to become a city in tribute to Sir David Amess MP, who spent years campaigning for the change
Members of the Essex Bangladeshi Welfare Association pay their respects by floral tributes laid at the scene where Sir David Amess MP was killed at Belfairs Methodist Church, in Leigh-on-Sea
Boris Johnson, Sir Keir Starmer, Priti Patel and Lindsay Hoyle pay respects to Sir David Amess at Belfairs Methodist Church, in Leigh-on-Sea, the site of his death
A person lays flowers at the scene near the Belfairs Methodist Church in Eastwood Road North, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, where Conservative MP Sir David Amess has died after he was stabbed several times at a constituency surgery. A man has been arrested and officers are not looking for anyone else
A red deer stag during rutting season in Bushy Park, Richmond, south west London, which is home to over 300 red and fallow deer
Police officers detain a man as Insulate Britain activists block a roundabout at a junction on the M25 motorway during a protest in Thurrock
The aerial climate installation by Swiss artivist Dan Acher 'We Are Watching' is unveiled at Our Dynamic Earth in Edinburgh
A young girl is helped by a Border Force officer as a group of people thought to be migrants are brought in to Dover, Kent, following a small boat incident in the Channel.
People walk past a life-size sculpture of British singer John Lennon entitled "Imagine", by sculptor Lawrence Holofcener, displayed to mark what would have been the 81st birthday for the former member of the Beatles in Carnaby Street
WW II veteran, 96-year-old Lorna Cockayne, who served in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), popularly and officially known as the Wrens, as a Bletchley Park codebreaker, poses for a photograph with the Legion d'honneur after receiving it during a ceremony at the Pear at Parley in Ferndown, Bournemouth
British comedian Jo Brand poses with cut-out silhouettes representing women outside the Metropolitan Police headquarters New Scotland Yard, to highlight violence against women by male police officers or former police officers
A protester, wearing a mask of Johnson, holds a sign reading 'Question it all' on the final day of the Tory conference
Members of 'Insulate Britain' outside the Royal Courts of Justice in London, before a hearing over the injunction banning the environmental activists from blocking the M25
A delegate passes a street cleaner on the second day of the annual Conservative Party Conference being held at the Manchester Central convention centre
Margaret Thatcher-themed mugs for sale at the annual Conservative Party conference in Manchester
A couple make their way through a flooded underpass in Bristol as a yellow weather warning for rain and wind is issued for parts of the UK
A driver talks to members of the media after passing his HGV (Heavy Goods Vehicle) driving test at National Driving Centre in Croydon, south London
The centrepiece One Thousand Springs by Japanese artist Chiharu Shiota is seen ahead of the beginning of the Japan Festival, a celebration of the country's plants, art and culture running from 2-31 October, at Kew Gardens in London
The family of Betty Campbell unveil the bronze sculpture of her during the unveiling of the statue in Central Square, Cardiff, of Betty Campbell, Wales' first black headteacher
A sign referring to the lack of fuel is placed at the entrance to a petrol station in London
Police officers detain a protester from Insulate Britain occupying a roundabout leading from the M25 motorway to Heathrow Airport in London
Labour Party leader Sir Keir Starmer watches the Arsenal v Tottenham Hotspur match at The Font pub in Brighton
Scottish pro-independence supporters hold a march and rally outside the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh, Scotland
Police officers remove two protesters from the top of a tanker, as Insulate Britain block the A20 in Kent, which provides access to the Port of Dover in Kent. The environmental activists have moved location after been banned from campaigning on the M25 motorway in London
Gabriella, the seven year old daughter of imprisoned British-Iranian Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, joins in a game on a giant snakes and ladders board in Parliament Square, to show the "ups and downs" of her mother's case to mark the 2,000 days she has been detained in Iran
A new sign hangs on the Millicent Fawcett statue after it was altered by 'CrackTheCrises' coalition activists to highlight the climate crisis as a feminist struggle in Parliament Square in London
Gabriella Diment prepares a monumental bronze patinated fibreglass wall sculpture depicting household cavalry soldiers on horseback which is expected to be sold for £12,000-18,000 when it goes up for auction at Summers Place Auctions in Billinghurst, Kent
Florist Judith Blacklock puts the finishing touches to a floral carousel installation in Halkin Arcade, which she has designed with Neill Strain for the Belgravia in Bloom festival, running from September 20-26, in London
Bubbles surround Manchester United's Cristiano Ronaldo before the match against West Ham at London Stadium
Action Images/Reuters
Children take part in the Settrington Cup Pedal Car Race as motoring enthusiasts attend the Goodwood Revival, a three-day historic car racing festival in Goodwood, Chichester,
Hugo, 7, from London rides past a 4×7 metre rainbow arch, made entirely of recycled aluminium cans, which has been installed by recycling initiative 'Every Can Counts', in partnership with The City of London Corporation in front of St Paul's Cathedral in London, to encourage members of the public to recycle their drinks cans ahead of recycling week, which starts on 20 September
Sheikeh MOhammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, leader of Abu Dhabi, leaves Downing Street after meeting with Boris Johnson
Children pose by ice sculptures depicting people collecting water by charity Water Aid to show the fragility of water and the threat posed by climate change in London
Heavy rain covers the A149 near Kings Lynn in Norfolk
Luke Jerram's 'Museum of the Moon' at Durham Cathedral
Inspirational young fundraiser Tobias Weller crosses the finish line, near his home in Sheffield, as he completes his latest epic feat where he swam and triked his way to the end of his "awesome" year-long Ironman Challenge. This is the third challenge Tobias, who has cerebral palsy and autism, has completed, raising more than £150,000 for his school and Sheffield Children Hospital's charity
British player Emma Raducanu, holds up the US Open championship trophy winning the women's singles final of the US Open in New York
People paddle board during a misty morning in Ullswater, the second largest lake in the Lake District, Cumbria
The exposure proved too much for at least one of the subjects, as the BMJ has now accepted a request to remove the study from its records.
"This article has been withdrawn", the BMJ website now reads in the place where the article once was.
"With no admission of liability, BMJ has removed this article voluntarily at the request of the patient concerned."
Addenbrooke's Hospital has been contacted for comment.
The most common worm infection in the United States is pinworm, and the people most likely to get this roundworm infection are children and those who care for children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"If it's going to happen, it's going to happen in a day care or preschool setting or when children could go back to school in the fall," said Peter Jay Hotez, dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine.
Although the "ick" factor for pinworms is high — they crawl around the anus and lay eggs — they usually amount to nothing more than irritable and sleepy kids.
However, toxocariasis and cysticercosis, other common worm infections in the United States, could invade the brain and hinder a child's performance in school. "We should think of (toxocariasis) at back-to-school time," Hotez said. "If this is interfering with learning and you treat it, this is something that could improve learning in the United States."
Here is a look at the most common worm infections in the United States, and how to spot and prevent them.
It is hard to put a number on how many people suffer from pinworms in the United States each year because there's no national system for tracking infections. But pinworms, known to parents as one of the grossest infections in children, are probably less common today thanks to better hygiene, Hotez said.
People get infected by swallowing pinworm eggs, which get on their hands through touching contaminated bedding or towels, or when caretakers wipe an infected child. Worms hatch and live in the intestine, but crawl through the anus and lay their eggs around the buttocks, which can cause intense itching. The eggs can then be passed to other people.
"Washing hands with soap and water after using the toilet or before preparing food and keeping fingernails clean is most important," Hotez said.
Most infections are pretty mild, and symptoms are no more drastic than itching, lost sleep and irritability. Still, pinworms can crawl into the appendix and are thought to be responsible for a small number of appendicitis cases in the United States. They've also been linked to infections of the urinary tract in boys and girls, and the genital tract in girls. Related: Kansas City sees spike in shigella infections among children
Oral medications such as albendazole and mebendazole do a good job of killing the worms, which are about the size of a staple. The drugs are safe for children at least 2 years old, and those younger than 2 can usually take a smaller dose.
Often, doctors will prescribe one of these drugs to a child with symptoms without even testing for the worms, Hotez said. However, when deciding whether to treat other people in the house who do not have symptoms, it's good to do a diagnostic test, he added. This can be done by pressing clear tape against the skin around the anus and looking under a microscope for eggs stuck to the tape.
Creepy, crawly worms may not be the only thing children have to worry about when they get pinworms. There is some indication that microscopic parasites called dientamoeba can hitch a ride on pinworm eggs and get into the intestines, where they can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain and fatigue. The symptoms resemble those of irritable bowel syndrome, and some experts have even suggested that dientamoeba could be one of the causes of this common gut disorder.
People who have dientamoeba, which is diagnosed by testing stool samples, should take antiparasitic medication, such as metronidazole or secnidazole, Hotez said. It is not clear if these infections are serious or carry other risks, but the symptoms can be painful, he added.
Because the parasite gets into the stool, it is important for people with dientamoeba to wash their hands well after going to the bathroom.
Even though pinworms are officially considered the most common worm infection in the United States, Hotez suspects they have actually been surpassed in prevalence by the roundworms that cause toxocariasis, a much more serious disease that can have a range of health effects and possibly even affect a child's ability to learn.
Whereas pinworms are "more of a nuisance than a medical problem, (toxocariasis infections) are definitely issues that are concerning," said Dr. Francisca Abanyie, a medical officer at the CDC's Center for Global Health.
Infections occur when people eat eggs from the roundworm, which is called toxocara. The eggs are spread by dog and cat feces, and they are common in soil and sandboxes. Surveys have found them in as many as 39% of sandbox samples in Kansas but less than 1% of soil samples from parks in New Jersey. A study by the CDC suggests that between about 10% and 20% children 6 to 11 years old have been infected with roundworm, although many cases probably did not lead to symptoms.
Unlike pinworms, toxocara do not confine themselves to the intestines. Instead, the roundworm larvae wiggle their way into the bloodstream. They can travel to organs such as the lungs, liver and nervous system, where they can cause coughing and asthma, fever, enlarged liver, cognitive problems and epilepsy.
Related: How to avoid the 'back-to-school plague'Toxocariasis may be partly responsible for the fact that children in very poor areas of the United States, where roundworms are more prevalent, perform less well in school, as Hotez said in a recent editorial in JAMA Psychiatry.
The medications used for pinworm, albendazole and mebendazole, can treat toxocariasis. The trick is diagnosing the disease, because its symptoms can be confused with other diseases, Hotez said. His lab is working on developing diagnostics for toxocariasis, and he hopes children will eventually be tested routinely every year.
Another one of the most common worm infections in the United States is cysticercosis. The infection starts when people ingest tapeworms from contaminated pork that has not been cooked properly. The tapeworms take root in the intestine, produce eggs that get shed in the stool, and people who accidentally eat the eggs develop cysticercosis.
Tapeworm eggs can go anywhere in the body, including the skin, brain and other organs, although many infections never lead to symptoms, said Paul Cantey, a medical epidemiologist in the Center for Global Health.
A CDC report found that there were 18,584 hospitalizations for neurocysticercosis, which occurs when infections invade the brain and cause symptoms, between 2003 and 2012. Seizures are the most common symptom associated with neurocysticercosis, and children seem to be more likely than adults to experience them, Cantey said.
People with neurocysticercosis are usually first treated with antiepilepsy or anti-inflammatory medication to reduce the symptoms, and then medications such as albendazole to clear the infection.
What and Why?
Threadworms are far the most common worm infestation of humans, which we do not share with any other animal. Eggs have been found in faeces 10,000 years old so they have probably been around as long as we have. Read all about it and discover some harmless tricks to beat this nuisance once and for all.
About 60% of school children and up to one in five adults are currently affected in developed countries, without much regard for poverty or social class; so most families have them at some time or other. Fortunately they are harmless but discovering for the first time that you or your children have them is a nasty shock and symptoms can be quite a nuisance. Getting rid of them is easy, but keeping free requires constant vigilance if you have school age children, or if your work puts you regularly in close contact with people.
Adult female worms are white and about 10mm long, so they are quite easy to see; their resemblance to pins or threads accounts for their various names. They live in your lower bowel and a few get excreted by accident, but they are easily overlooked in your faeces unless you are heavily infested. You will rarely see a male worm; they are smaller, and only survive long enough to fertilize a female. Her 11,000 eggs are then laid in relays, during expeditions outside your anus onto the skin of your buttocks, usually in the evening or at night. The worms' wriggling movements set you itching; if you scratch yourself in your sleep the eggs get under your fingernails and all over your hands. From there you quickly spread them to your face, nose, eyes and mouth; others on your bedding and clothes can survive for anything up to two weeks before dying. A child who sucks his thumb can consume a great many eggs in a very few days and may consequently get so many adult worms in his bowel that they obstruct it and cause colic or are mistaken for appendicitis.
The female worms go on laying for four to six weeks before dying, by which time their eggs have had a chance to be consumed and develop in your intestine to adults in their turn; each generation takes about two weeks. So it only takes a month or so for quite a small initial contamination to become a serious nuisance in an unguarded family.
Advice to maintain and maximise your health
1. If no-one in your family has symptoms, relax. Your defences are pretty good already!
2. Maintain good hygiene: Get everyone to scrub their finger-nails with a good nail-brush (bristles still straight and springy) very first thing every morning, along with thorough washing of their hands and faces. This is the keystone of worm prevention. If you never swallow any eggs from your own worms they die out within six weeks and any chance infection from outside your family will get nowhere. Everyone will have to keep their finger-nails manageably short however, for this to work perfectly.
3. Wash clothes and bedding: If any of your children suck their thumbs or fingers and worms are about, get them to wear two pairs of pants at night (or one pair plus pyjamas) and launder these daily. Change all bed-linen as soon as you discover an outbreak, and be careful not to billow it about in your haste to get the job done. Keep dirty linen in a closed bin-liner or separate clothes basket until you can get it all washed.
4. Garlic: A whole clove of garlic with its outside skins removed as if for cooking, and moistened with oil, makes an excellent suppository to reduce heavy infestation. Be careful not to bruise the garlic, and to oil it well, or it will make the skin around your anus feel uncomfortably hot; but many worms will be shed with your next bowel action. Two or three cloves of raw garlic, chopped and swallowed quickly with water when fasting, reinforce and prolong this effect. Fresh horse-radish is a less readily available alternative.
5. Herbal remedies: It is hard for children to cope with hot-flavoured herbal remedies, so try these others instead. Raw rose-hips have barbs on them which ensnare threadworms quite effectively. Break the hips out of their pods, and mix them with jam or peanut butter so that you can swallow them whole. Grated raw carrot is also effective, and no hardship at all for most children. Sage tea (1 teaspoon of herb to pint of water) is a useful complement to either of these.
6. Powerful one-shot remedies are available from your doctor, but need to be repeated after two weeks to catch newly hatched adult worms. They are not a satisfactory method of long-term control.
7. Roundworms are much larger, the shape and size of earth-worms. They are also far less common, have a more complicated life cycle, and can produce significant disease in your lungs as well as your intestine. All the above measures still apply and will successfully protect almost everybody; but if you pass a large worm you should certainly consult your doctor to be sure the infestation is cleared up completely.
Warning, graphic photo: While sunbathing on a beach in Martinique, a British woman suddenly felt burning on her backside
Fred Barbash, The Washington Post, Washington Post
Feb 28, 2018 • February 28, 2018 • 4 minute read • Join the conversation A British couple received bites from worms on a beach while on vacation in Martinique. Photo by Petr Kovalenkov /Getty Images
Medical and scientific journals withdraw or retract articles on a regular basis, usually because of errors discovered or questions raised about the research described. A few days ago, however, a highly unusual "correction" appeared in the prestigious British Medical Journal announcing the withdrawal of a case study titled "Cutaneous larva migrans with pulmonary involvement."
The article, which was not retracted, contained no errors. The BMJ simply said in the undated note that "with no admission of liability, BMJ has removed this article voluntarily at the request of the patient concerned."
Here's what happened.
While sunbathing on a beach in Martinique, a British woman suddenly felt a burning sensation on her backside. The next day, she woke up to find a nasty rash of "red pinprick marks" on her bottom.
To be clear, the removal of the article does not amount to a retraction and the journal stands by its factual content
Soon her husband broke out with the same rash in the same unfortunate place.
While they received treatment in Martinique in the form of steroid cream, antibiotics and antifungal medication, the irritation did not subside. The voyage home, 10 days on a cruise ship, must have been uncomfortable.
Nor was the rash gone when they got home.
So they went for treatment at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, England. Doctors there found their backsides "infested by worms," as the Cambridge News reported. Thecouple found relief from a combination of medications.
The doctors thought their case so interesting they wrote it up for the British Medical Journal. The journal did not use the name of the patients. But as journals often do in case studies, it accompanied the text with photos – in this case, of their backsides, from different angles, in full color.
The couple gave their permission and were warned that journal articles were often read by journalists as well as medical professionals, the BMJ said in an email to The Washington Post. But the couple apparently had not anticipated the potential for tabloid interest.
By mid-January, their buttocks were spread across Britain and, indeed the world, with headlines such as "Til Rash Do Us Part" in The Sun and "Caribbean getaway leaves a nasty souvenir" in the Daily Mail.
These were not your typical titillating tabloid photos. They were shots from various distances of behinds bearing inflamed red blotches.
Many tabloid readers found them gross.
"A description would have done," commented one reader of Britain's Daily Mail, adding that "we didnt need to see the evidence."
"Does the DM pixelator have a day off today?!?," wrote another.
"Thanks – that's put me right off my cheese & ham toastie," wrote a third.
Like the journal article, the stories did not include the names of the patients or say where they lived or when they visited Martinique.
But there was enough information – the age of the woman, the island, the cruise, the hospital – that the couple apparently felt that acquaintances conceivably could have made the connection.
One of the patients – the journal didn't say which one – got in touch with BMJ and "explained that they were concerned about being identified by close friends and/or colleagues, as a result of the subsequent media coverage," the publication said in a statement emailed to The Post.
"Prior to publication of the article, written consent from the patient was obtained," said the statement. "By signing the consent form, the patient indicated their understanding that complete anonymity could not be guaranteed and it was also made clear in the consent form that BMJ publications are viewed by many non-doctors, including journalists."
"The patient's concerns did not amount to a legal threat," it added. " . . . Nevertheless, the journal took the editorial decision to remove the article, because of the distress the patient had suffered.
" . . . To be clear, the removal of the article does not amount to a retraction and the journal stands by its factual content."
A spokesman for the hospital, part of Cambridge University Hospitals, also issued a statement: "The case study was shared with the BMJ with the aim of medical advancement, to aid other clinicians, and potentially help the treatment of future patients with similar conditions. Because the article was being picked up in non-medical publications, a request was made for it to be removed."
In fairness to the tabloids, there was some news and public service value to the stories useful to people planning on visits to tropical or subtropical beaches.
The diagnosis, as described by Livescience, quoting the no-longer-accessible case study, was "cutaneous larva migrans," otherwise known as a hookworm infection.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people pick up this nasty parasite from the feces of dogs and cats. If those dogs and cats happen to poop on a beach, sunbathers can contract the infection.
In the case of the British couple, the infection found its way into their lungs, causing coughing, and in the woman, shortness of breath and pain.
The advice from the CDC for those visiting such beaches: "wear shoes and use protecting mats or other coverings to prevent direct skin contact with sand or soil."
Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2008.
Filariasis refers to parasitic infection caused by filarial parasites. The clinical manifestation and treatment of filariasis depends on the type of filarial parasitic worm (nematode) involved. The following table lists the parasite and the filarial disease caused.
Filarial parasite
Filarial disease
Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis
Wuchereria bancrofti Bancroftian filariasis (lymphatic filariasis)
Brugia malayi and Brugia timori Malayan filariasis (lymphatic filariasis)
Loa loa Loiasis
Mansonella species Mansonelliasis
Dirofilaria species Dirofilariasis
All filarial infections cause some type of skin problems in addition to systemic manifestations.
Filariasis is predominantly a disease of tropical countries and affects the lives of millions of people. Filariasis is spread from host-to-host via the bites of certain flies and mosquitoes that act as vectors for the parasites. For example the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus enters the skin from the bite of an infected blackfly (Simulium species). The nematode is in its third larval stage before it moults to its fourth larval stage in 4-6 weeks. Then after some months it moults again to become a juvenile adult that matures and mates after about a year to produce microfilariae. These adult worms live and mate encased in fibrous nodules just below the skin surface and can live there for up to 10-15 years.
It has been discovered that a type of Rickettsia (Wolbachia spp.) has a symbiotic relationship with filarial nematodes. The bacteria initiates the filarial disease process with a severe adverse inflammatory reaction.
The cutaneous signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of filarial infection.
Onchocercal dermatitis is the most common sign/symptom of onchoceriasis. The skin becomes very itchy and a red spotty rash is often present. Scratching often leads to bleeding, ulcers and secondary infections. The lower trunk, pelvis, buttocks, thighs and legs appear to be the most affected. Microfilariae are the main cause of this dermatitis.
In addition to onchodermatitis, nodules containing adult worms called onchoceromas develop just below the skin surface. These nodules can be up to several centimetres in diameter and are usually firm, flattened or bean-shaped, movable and non-tender. They most often occur over bony parts of the body such as the skull, ribs, scapulae, elbows, and knees.
If left untreated, onchoceriasis can lead to chronic skin changes. Skin loses its elasticity and layers of the skin start to die and form scar tissue. This very thin wrinkled skin results in an elephant-skin appearance that later turns into something like lizard skin.
The most obvious symptom of lymphatic filariasis is elephantiasis. This is a condition where the limbs swell to the point that they resemble an elephant's foreleg in size, texture and colour. This thickening of the skin and swelling of underlying tissues is caused by parasites lodged in the lymphatic system, a network of channels, nodes and organs that maintain proper fluid levels in the body. Elephantiasis appears to be due an immune response to the dead and dying worms in the lymphatic system. Mainly limbs, breasts and genitalia are affected. Without treatment continued lymphatic damage will lead to irreversible elephantiasis.
The initial bite from a redfly infected with the Loa loa parasite causes redness, swelling and itching. As the parasite moults to larval stage 4 it causes red urticarial papules (itchy red spots) in the skin of the affected area. Then over the next 3 months or more as it develops into the adult form, patients may experience pain and numbness of the affected area, temporary swelling of a limb, itchiness and occasionally hives.
Most patients infected with M perstans do not experience any symptoms. Newcomers to an endemic area who become infected appear to experience more symptoms than local inhabitants. Symptoms include swelling of the arms, shoulders, and face; abdominal pain; itchiness; fatigue; and joint pain.
The most common symptom of a patient infected with M streptocerca is chronic itching dermatitis that is often confined to one part of the torso. Constant scratching may thicken the skin.
Humans are poor hosts for this filarial parasite as the worm usually dies before reaching sexual maturity. However in recent years there has been a reported increase in the number of human dirofilariasis cases. The head, neck, breasts, arms, legs and scrotum are most commonly affected. A flesh-coloured to red inflamed tender nodule develops. This can be painful and cause burning and itching.
There are four key treatment methods available:
Antihelminthic therapy (orally or by injection)
Antibiotic therapy (against the symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria)
Surgical excision
Needle aspiration/injection
Treatment depends on the infecting parasite.
Ivermectin is the antihelminthic drug of choice
Nodulectomy – surgical removal of the palpable nodules in combination with ivermectin therapy may be useful
Lymphatic filariasis
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the drug registered for use in this disease, however it is associated with many side effects
Ivermectin and DEC appears to be effective combination as they act synergistically
Tetracycline antibiotics to kill Wolbachia bacteria
Severely damaged extremities may undergo surgical decompression of the lymphatic system
DEC is the drug of choice
Ivermectin is contraindicated as it can cause retinal haemorrhage and severe or fatal encephalopathy
Live adult worms can be extracted as they traverse the eye
Combination treatment with DEC and mebendazole appears to be the ideal treatment for M perstans infections
Ivermectin appears to be effective treatment against M streptocerca infections
Surgical removal of the lesion or extraction of the worm is the only method of treatment for human infections
The best way to prevent filariasis is by preventing spread of the parasites by vector control. This means eliminating or controlling infected flies and mosquitoes. Research is underway to find a biological agent that will eliminate the vector and is inexpensive, non-toxic to humans and deployable on a large scale.
For some filarial infections long-term or intermittent treatment with antihelminthic therapy have been suggested.
Cutaneous larva migrans is the most common tropically acquired dermatosis. It is characterised by erythematous, serpiginous, pruritic, cutaneous eruption caused by percutaneous penetration and subsequent migration of larvae of various nematode parasites.1 It is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical geographic areas; however, because of the ease and the increasing incidence of foreign travel by the world's population, cutaneous larva migrans is no longer confined to these areas.
We report a 2 year old girl who presented with a four month history of itchy rash on her thigh. There was a history of travel to Jamaica before the onset of the rash. She had a serpigenous, erythematous, itchy rash on the back of her right thigh. She was successfully treated with thiabendazole.
The larvae of the dog hookworms A braziliense, A caninum, and U stenocephala, together with certain other parasites, produce in humans a skin eruption which differs from that caused by "human" hookworms. Most infections are due to A braziliense. Infections occur on sandy bathing beaches, in children's play areas, and by contact with pet sandboxes. Lesions are most common on the lower legs and buttocks, but also occur on the arms, hands, and face.2
The larva, after penetrating the epidermis, is unable to enter the blood or lymph streams and instead burrows just below the corium, travelling up to an inch a day. Papules mark the site of entry and advancing end of the larva, and the tunnelling causes linear, slightly elevated erythematous and serpigenous areas which itch intensely. Vesicles may form along the course of the tunnels and scaling develops as the lesions age. They may develop secondary bacterial infection. The most common sites in children are the buttocks and the dorsa of the feet, but any area can be affected. The eruption generally disappears after 1–2 months, but may present for 6 months or longer.
The time honoured treatment for cutaneous larva migrans is by freezing of the area with ethyl chloride or similar refrigerant sprays. Diethylcarbamazine or thiabendazole can be used. Thiabendazole can also be used topically.3
Consent was obtained for publication of this figure
Knight R. The hookworms. In: Warrell DA, Cox TM, Firth JD, eds. Oxford textbook of medicine. Oxford University Press 2003:799–800.
Goldsmid J, Kibel MA, Mills AE. Cutaneous larva migrans. In: Campbell AGM, McIntosh N, eds. Textbook of paediatrics. Churchill Livingstone 1998:1490–1.
Van den Enden E, Stevens A, et al. Treatment of cutaneous larva migrans. N Engl J Med1998;339:1246–7.
Endless coughs and sneezes, runny noses, and unexplained itchy bumps—kids seem to be a magnet for germs. In our parent's guide to childhood illnesses, we talk about the symptoms and treatments for the most common conditions. Read the full series here.
What is ringworm? | Symptoms | Ringworm vs. other rashes | Diagnosis | Treatments | Prevention
True or false: Ringworm is caused by a creepy crawly that burrows under the skin? Most people are surprised to find out that this condition has nothing to do with worms. Rather, it's a contagious skin infection that easily spreads after direct contact with an infected area. It's common—at least 20% of people have at least one infection in their lifetimes—but it's also treatable, usually without serious complications.
Ringworm, also known as tinea or dermatophytosis, is a fungal infection that affects the skin and nails. There are 40 different species that cause ringworm, falling into three genuses: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. The condition gets its name from its hallmark symptom: a round, itchy rash.
"It can present on almost any part of the body except for the mucosal skin," says Anna H. Chacon, MD, a board-certified dermatologist based in South Florida, who serves on the advisory board for Smart Style Today. "I have seen it on the face, genitalia, trunk, extremities, and scalp. It can have varying degrees of severity." The infection is referred to differently depending on where it presents.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it's called:
Tinea pedis on the feet (commonly referred to as athlete's foot)
Tinea cruris on the groin area, inner thighs, or buttocks (commonly referred to as jock itch)
Tinea capitis on the scalp
Tinea barbae on the beard (commonly referred to as barber's itch)
Tinea manuum on the hands
Tinea unguium on toenails and fingernails
Tinea corporis on other parts of the body, such as arms or legs
Ringworm of the scalp and body are the most common types of ringworm in young children. The other forms are rare before puberty: They generally affect teens and adults.
There are 40 different species that cause ringworm, falling into three genuses: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton.
"Ringworm is spread through direct contact—often from person to person, contaminated surface to person, or pet to person," says Ashanti Woods, MD, a pediatrician at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore. "Often one touches a contaminated surface and has the fungus on their hand. They then scratch themselves and embed the fungus that was on their hand into their skin."
Ringworm infections often occur in schools, childcare centers, community gyms, and pools. It can be carried on any surface, but some of the highest risks include:
Surfaces that are wet or damp
Towels, combs, brushes, hats, and other personal items
Shared spaces that tend to be warm and moist, such as bathrooms and locker rooms
Other risk factors for contracting ringworm include:
Living in a warm humid climate
Malnourishment
Playing contact sports (particularly wrestling as it involves skin to skin contact)
A weakened immune system (through illness or medication)
While ringworm can take several weeks to fully cure, it is no longer spread to others after 48 hours of treatment. Children do not need to miss school or daycare for ringworm, but if possible, it is a good idea to cover the affected area with clothing or a loose bandage during the infectious period to prevent potential spread to other children or caregivers.
Ringworm gets its name from the rash's "worm-like" appearance. "Typically, ringworm starts off as a red pimple that grows out into a ring with a raised border and smooth clear central area," Dr. Woods says. "Ringworm of the scalp typically leads to bald patches with crusting or flaking/scaling of the skin. Occasionally, the lymph nodes closest to the area of inflammation will swell up and may become painful to touch."
Symptoms of ringworm of the body include:
Ring-like rash with a raised edge
The center of the ring often becomes less red as the lesion gets bigger
Itchiness in the rash area
On light-colored skin, patches usually appear red or pink. On dark-colored skin, patches tend to be brown or gray. Patches can appear in one or multiple areas and grow slowly in size.
Symptoms of ringworm of the scalp include:
Patchy, flaky, or scaly patches or sores
Hair loss that causes bald patches or blisters
Itchiness or tenderness of the scalp
If the patches become infected, they can become a kerion, a pus-filled mass that leads to swollen and tender lymph nodes in the head and neck.
These are some conditions that can be mistaken for ringworm, in order of most common to least common. When in doubt, make an appointment with your child's primary care provider to confirm the diagnosis.What should I do if suspect my child has ringworm?
"[Diagnosis of ringworm] can be made by examination alone," says Dr. Woods. "Occasionally, a physician or nurse practitioner may take a skin scraping or skin culture to confirm it's ringworm." The provider may also look at the rash under a black fluorescent light.
Because other conditions can mimic ringworm, it's a good idea to see a healthcare professional to confirm a diagnosis. Ringworm can be diagnosed by a general practitioner (family doctor), nurse practitioner, dermatologist, or pediatrician.
Contact a healthcare provider within 24 hours if pus is present, the rash is warm to the touch, painful, or has streaking beyond the initial lesions, or if your child had a recent tick bite and a rash that looks like ringworm appears.
Contact a healthcare provider during office hours if:
Your child has a fever 101 or greater.
Your child is less than 12 months old.
You are unsure if the rash is ringworm.
The scalp is involved.
The rash gets bigger or spreads after one week of treatment.
More than three lesions are present.
The rash lasts longer than four weeks.
Your child has a weakened immune system.
Your child participates in contact sports.
"Sometimes the body can clear ringworm on its own," says Susan Bard, MD, a dermatologist at Vive Dermatology in Brooklyn, New York. "But oftentimes [ringworm] will require medical intervention."
In many cases, ringworm of the body can be treated at home with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, without involvement of medical professionals—but it is not possible to get rid of ringworm fast.
"The treatment for ringworm of the body is an OTC topical antifungal such as clotrimazole cream (Lotrimin)," Dr. Woods says. "It is applied to the affected area twice a day for four weeks."
Common antifungal creams for treatment of ringworm include:
Ringworm of the scalp requires a prescription from a healthcare professional, and treatment usually lasts one to three months. "Ringworm of the scalp is treated with oral antifungal medicines and topical antifungal shampoo," says Dr. Woods.
Prescription antifungal medications used to treat ringworm of the scalp include:
While ringworm can frequently be treated with OTC medications, home remedies are not effective.
It is common for ringworm to recur, and it can spread to other members of the household. Some ways to ensure a ringworm infection clears up completely, and to help prevent its spread to other family members include:
Use all medication as directed, and for as long as is recommended—even if the ringworm appears to be gone.
Treat all ringworm at the same time (areas of the body, and people in the house who are infected). In the case of ringworm of the scalp, it is helpful to have the whole household use the antifungal shampoo whether or not they are showing symptoms.
Practice proper handwashing—especially those who have touched the area affected by ringworm, such as the child and the person administering treatment.
Keep your child's body clean and dry, especially the area affected by ringworm. Develop good hygiene habits such as regular bathing, and gently towel off after every shower, bath, or swim. (Use a different towel for the affected area than for the rest of the body.) If your child has recurrent infections, consider drying specific areas (groin, between toes) with a hair dryer on the cool setting. Keep up this practice even once the ringworm is gone to help prevent a recurrence.
Have your child wear breathable clothing (clothes that don't make the child sweat), and change their clothes (including socks and underwear) every day.
Encourage your child to shower when sweaty, and avoid sharing towels or other personal items such as hats, combs, and headbands. Use shower shoes in communal bathrooms or public places.
Disinfect or throw out items that may be contaminated from contact with an infected person. Ringworm can live on surfaces for a long time.
Watch your pet for signs of ringworm, and take it to the vet if any are observed. If ringworm keeps recurring, it would be a good idea to have your pets examined to see if they are the source of the infections.
Ringworm is unpleasant and stubborn. It's easy to catch, hard to get rid of, and is generally a nuisance. Thankfully, with OTC and prescription medication, it usually goes away fully, and without lasting effects.
90,000 Press: Internet and Mass Media: Lenta.ru
A couple of lovers from Great Britain, who were being treated for parasitic worms, unexpectedly saw their own photographs on the pages of famous tabloids. It is reported by The Washington Post.
Tourists contracted an infection while on holiday on the French island of Martinique. At one point, the woman felt a burning pain in the buttocks, and the next day she saw a red rash. After some time, a rash was found in a man. As it turned out later, the skin lesion was caused by worm larvae.
The couple immediately sought treatment, but the local doctors prescribed only useless antibiotics and an anti-fungal agent. Upon returning home, the lovers went to a Cambridge hospital, where they were prescribed the necessary antiparasitic drug. However, too much time has passed since the infection, so the worms managed to lay larvae even in the lungs, which caused patients to cough, shortness of breath and chest pain.
The doctors considered the situation to be unique and considered it as an instruction for other doctors who are often referred to by vacationers.In this regard, the paramedics asked the couple for permission to publish their photographs in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), to which the lovers agreed.
However, information about the disease was quickly picked up by tabloid British publications, including the popular Daily Mail and The Sun tabloids, which in the headlines called the infection "an unpleasant souvenir" (another option: "Until the rash does us part"). Their pages reported the woman's age and resting place, and also published photos of infected buttocks.
The couple feared that friends or colleagues might recognize them by this data, so they asked the BMJ publishers to urgently remove the study. The staff of the magazine went forward and voluntarily closed access to the article on the official website. In the British media, materials are still present and are accompanied by pictures of naked buttocks.
More dark and strange news in the Telegram channel "Tape of the Bottom". Subscribe!
"They can pass through the body and crawl right out of the navel"
The invasion of tropical parasites was widely reflected in the Russian press.
Ufa "Molodezhnaya Gazeta" February 25, 1997 told about "a very exotic tropical disease" that knocked down a Muscovite. A Russian who has visited Guinea was diagnosed with filariasis. According to the newspaper, "under the guy's skin, tiny worms were brought up, which were awarded to him during his trip to Guinea either by local mosquitoes or horseflies … Worms have an extremely unpleasant ability to penetrate into the lymph nodes, into the spinal cord, into the blood. eye contact threatens blindness. "
Belgorodskaya Pravda March 31, 1998 reported the troubles of a Moscow resident who worked as a translator in West Africa and his friend, an African student. The young people were diagnosed with "Calabar edema": both of them "picked up worms, which bear the extremely beautiful name 'loa-loa'." Loa-loa worms get under the skin of a person when bitten by horseflies, they are able to crawl into the spinal cord and cause meningitis. The translator and the student went to the doctor when a pair of worms crawled out of the corner of the girl's eyes.
Penza "Young Leninist" March 14, 2000 told how in the regional hospital named after Burdenko a tumor on the forehead with a 12 cm long rishta worm was removed from a Penza resident. The parasite belongs to the class of roundworms, reaches 1 m in length, and lives in India and Brazil. The larvae get to humans through abrasions. "It is worth rinsing the legs, which have abrasions, in contaminated water, and you will be provided with a rishta," the publication promised. Some Indian peasants have several rishti, which is why the legs, in the words of the authors of the article, "resemble thick pillars."
The newspaper Molodist Sibiri June 15, 2000 reported that "in winter a tourist returned from Taiwan with an ailment that all infectious disease specialists in Novosibirsk tried to diagnose for several weeks." In the Moscow Research Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, they found out that the patient has schistosomiasis – a disease caused by helminths that affect the bladder and intestines. The disease is characterized by bleeding with prolonged fever. "Almost any tourist who chooses 'cheap' countries for recreation can become infected with diseases unknown to us," the newspaper promised. "
"Moskovsky Komsomolets" June 19, 2000 told about the pilot, who was saved from suffering "only by the habit of wearing wide men's underpants, popularly referred to as family ones." A pilot working in Africa, on the last day of his trip, washed his clothes and hung them under the trees. Having put on clean underwear, the pilot went to Russia, but at home he found strange rashes on his buttocks. When pressed, larvae emerged from the pimples, identified by doctors as the larvae of a mangrove fly. Doctors removed 40 parasites from the pilot's buttocks.The pilot "was lucky that the panties did not fit tightly to the front of the body," the newspaper concludes.
Ekaterinburg newspaper "Podrobnosti" August 1, 2002 wrote about a young merchant who arrived from Central Asia and consulted a doctor with a complaint of ear pain. Two insect larvae from the group of myiasis flies were removed from the ear. Such larvae secrete special enzymes that decompose and process healthy tissues of other organisms. They can move deep under the skin, damaging blood vessels and nerves.Flies live in the tropics and Central Asia. "Experts regularly take cockroaches and other insects out of patients' ears, but they don't remember such a case," the newspaper admitted.
"AiF-Penza" January 29, 2003 told about a resident of the Penza region, who for six years suffered from red scars on the skin, which then turned into ulcers and boils. What doctors thought was an allergic reaction turned out to be filariasis, a tropical disease in which microfilaria worms grow in the human body.They penetrate muscles and fatty deposits. "At night, the worms are activated and go out. They can pass through the body and crawl right through the skin, for example, in the leg, or from the nose or from the navel. Some species settle in the eyes and even penetrate the brain," the newspaper explained to the readers.
"Koryazhemskiy Municipal Bulletin" June 7, 2003 told about "one would-be traveler" who, "having arrived from the Dominican Republic, after a couple of months discovered incomprehensible neoplasms on his back."The surgeon he contacted removed from under the skin many larvae of unknown insects. The newspaper concludes that if the traveler had not consulted a doctor in time, "he could easily have been gnawed from the inside."
Trichinosis (trichinosis, biohelminthiasis) is a lesion of the internal organs and the central nervous system of Trichinella, roundworms parasitizing in the small intestine.Among the characteristic signs are allergic reactions, fever, swelling, severe muscle pain.
Disease definition
The causative agent of trichinosis was discovered in 1835. They are Trichinella, a parasitic roundworm of the Enoplea class. Individuals become sexually mature 2 days after the invasion. After fertilization, the males die, and the females begin to produce larvae after 48 hours. This process can take up to 6 weeks.
A large number of larvae are born.There are cases in history when there were up to 15 thousand parasites per 1 kg of muscle tissue. They penetrate through the mucous membranes into the blood and lymph vessels. This allows them to migrate through the body. The larvae enter all tissues, but are able to survive only in skeletal, striated muscles. The habitat can be the chewing, oculomotor and diaphragm muscles.
Penetrating into muscle tissue, the larvae partially destroy its fibers, causing cellular infiltration.It accumulates cellular elements, including blood and lymph. A few weeks later, a fibrous capsule forms in this place. Its walls gradually thicken, but the exchange of nutrients between the parasite and the host does not stop. The blood vessels feed the capsule, so the larvae can live like this for many years.
The life cycle will close only when the parasite, along with the meat of the host, is eaten by another predator. In this case, the larvae will enter the intestines, reach sexual maturity, and everything will start all over again.
Causes of trichinosis
Trichinosis can be contracted by eating contaminated carnivore meat. First of all, these are wild animals, but there are sick animals among agricultural livestock, as a rule, pigs. They are omnivores, for example, they can eat an infected mouse that disappears into a pigsty. There are also cases of cannibalism among them. Herbivores can technically be infected, which has been tested experimentally, but in real life this does not happen.
The most common cause of human infection is eating lard with layers of meat. The disease does not depend on the season, however, the number of patients increases during the hunting season and at the beginning of winter, when livestock is slaughtered. The risk group includes hunters, workers of livestock farms, slaughterhouses, meat processing enterprises.
Trichinella can withstand temperatures down to -20 C. They remain viable in frozen meat for up to 20 months.The capsule is so strong that the larva is not afraid of salting and smoking. Parasites are able to die only at temperatures from +63 C and above, acting within 15 – 20 seconds. At the same time, this temperature must be reached in the middle of the piece.
According to the clinical course, trichinosis is divided into:
The severity of the course is distinguished:
The disease can proceed without complications and with the following complications:
thrombosis of arteries and veins;
meningoencephalitis;
pneumonia;
myocarditis and more.
The criterion is the severity of symptoms of intoxication, swelling, muscle pain, increased body temperature. With a mild form, the symptoms are mild. Moderate is characterized by fever, facial edema, and myalgia. Severe form – generalized edema and other pronounced symptoms, up to the complete immobility of the patient.
Incubation period.Lasts from the moment of infection until the first symptoms appear from 10 to 40 days. Shorter in case of massive parasitic invasions, long in mild form.
Allergic phase. During this period, there is an active reproduction and death of parasites. Due to the products of their vital activity, the immune system is activated, which is expressed in allergic reactions. The invading larvae hit the vessels, causing allergic myositis (inflammation of the skeletal muscles).
The acute course of trichinosis is expressed by the following symptoms:
An increase in temperature from subfebrile condition to +40 C.
General intoxication (nausea, fatigue, headaches).
Puffiness affecting the face, eyelids, eyebrows. In special cases, the neck, trunk, limbs swell. This is considered a red flag.
Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, expressed in reddening of the white of the eye, lacrimation).
Muscle pains begin more often with the calf. Then the pain occurs in the buttocks, back, peritoneum, and rising, reaches the tongue, intraocular and chewing muscles. The pain is often intense, aggravated by movement and palpation.
Dyspeptic disorders and allergic reactions in the form of a polymorphic rash all over the body can also be observed. There is a high eosinophilia in the blood (up to 80%). The number of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell that fights multicellular parasites) increases gradually.A sharp rise is a bad sign.
Organ lesion phase. Comes about 4 weeks after infection, characterized by the manifestation of systemic vasculitis. Organ damage can be fatal.
On average, a disease with severe symptoms lasts up to 15 days in a mild form, and 6 weeks in a moderate form. With a severe course of the disease, treatment can take up to six months.
During the phase of organ damage, the following complications may develop:
Myocardial damage, as well as tachycardia (an increase in heart rate), arterial hypotension (a decrease in blood pressure by 20% or more from normal), vascular insufficiency.
Lung damage – pneumonia (inflammation, ischemia and necrosis of the lung tissue) associated with systemic vasculitis.
Damage to the central nervous system – meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain), encephalomyelitis (damage to the spinal cord and brain).
Damage to the liver and kidneys (hepatitis and nephritis).
DIC syndrome – the formation of disseminated blood clots.
It is impossible to predict both the presence of complications and their form. It all depends on where the larvae penetrate. If timely treatment is not carried out, damage to vital organs can be fatal. The situation is aggravated by the fact that not always mild forms of the disease can be detected in time.
Based on clinical manifestations, a preliminary diagnosis is made.It is necessary to find out the fact of eating contaminated, insufficiently thermally processed meat (pork or wild animals).
Confirm the diagnosis – trichinosis can be based on laboratory tests of the meat itself (if there are residues), and as a result of the patient's examination. For this, the following activities are carried out:
Trichinelloscopy – the study of the meat of animals used by humans. The research is aimed at detecting Trichinella larvae.
Serological diagnostics (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The test may be positive after 2 weeks from the onset of the disease
Skin tests. They are also carried out after 14 days from the onset of the disease. A positive result can be obtained over many years.
Instrumental diagnostics. Ultrasound of muscle tissue, joints, abdominal organs.An ECG is also performed to exclude myocarditis, X-ray if lung damage is suspected
At an early stage, when blood tests and muscle biopsies cannot give an accurate result. The doctor conducts differential diagnostics to exclude pseudotuberculosis, opisthorchiasis, typhoid fever and other diseases similar in manifestations. Instrumental methods allow you to fully study the patient's condition, exclude or detect organ lesions in time.
The diagnosis and treatment is supervised by a parasitologist; examination by a gastroenterologist, cardiologist, allergist, immunologist and other specialists is also required.
Therapy consists of two directions: etiotropic and pathogenetic.
As part of the etiotropic treatment, Trichinella is destroyed, the production of the mask stops. In some cases, it is possible to disrupt the encapsulation process, to kill some of the muscle parasites.To
Etiotropic therapy gives a greater result during the incubation period. Allows to prevent the clinical manifestations of trichinosis. The effectiveness decreases in proportion to the increase in the period from the beginning of the invasion.
Pathogenetic therapy is aimed at eliminating symptoms. The main drugs are antihistamines. In severe forms, hormonal agents are prescribed. Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs are also prescribed.
Monitoring of the patient's condition and the effectiveness of treatment should be carried out after 6 and 12 months.
With a mild to moderate form of trichinosis, the prognosis is favorable. Timely treatment allows you to achieve a conditionally complete recovery within 1.5 – 2 months. The larvae are calcified and remain in the body forever.
In severe cases, the disease may last for 6 months or more.Relapses of the disease are possible throughout a person's life. They are expressed in myalgia (severe muscle pain), residual asthenization (increased fatigue, sleep disturbance, loss of the ability to prolonged mental and physical stress) and muscle contractures (limitation of passive joint movements).
A vaccine against trichinosis has not been developed. The lethality is 5%.
Since the only way to get infected is by eating contaminated meat, it is important to pay special attention to the product.Meat, semi-finished meat products and salted-smoked products should be purchased only in stores. Because they are undergoing a sanitary examination. It is worth giving up the use of wild animals. The percentage of infected individuals is extremely high:
With extensive invasions, the capsule of the larvae in the fibers of the striated muscles can be detected visually without third-party devices. However, with a small invasion, the contaminated product can be missed even during the study – trichinelloscopy. It is also worth considering the human factor, since the examination of meat for trichinosis is carried out by a laboratory assistant under a special microscope.The biochemical method of digestion is more reliable, but it is time consuming. Intravital diagnostics by ELISA, which can be performed before slaughter, is also effective.
Contaminated carcasses must be disposed of. You can't just throw them away, as they can be eaten by stray animals and rodents, and this will continue the spread of trichinosis.
Meat of wild animals and pork that have successfully passed trichinelloscopy should still be cooked for at least 6 hours.
Advantages of SZDTSM JSC
In the subdivisions of JSC "SZTSDM" you can pass tests for trichinosis and other laboratory tests.
The advantages include the convenient location of the laboratory terminals. Selected places with good transport accessibility. It can be easily reached both by private car and public transport. Medical centers and laboratory terminals are located in St. Petersburg, Leningrad region., Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod region, as well as in Pskov and Kaliningrad.
go to analyzes
90,000 Flying buttocks Pig-ass worm [44] (Chaetopterus pugaporcinus)
Almost a kilometer deep in the ocean, the pig's back worm is not busy with anything: it only swims and looks like the back of a pig's body. Called Chaetopterus pugaporcinus , which literally means "a worm that resembles a pig's backside," the pig's backworm was discovered in 2006 by Karen Osborne, a researcher at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (who has already become famous for the pig worm).He was caught by a remotely controlled unmanned underwater vehicle (ROV) patrolling the mesopelagic zone near Monterey Bay, which stretches in the ocean at depths from 200 to about 1000 meters. Although a small amount of sunlight enters here from the overlying epipelagic, many animals from the mesopelagic rely on bioluminescence for signaling and communication.
One glance at this blueish balloon with a pink wrinkled mouth, looking like an alien from another world, is enough to realize that this creature does not look like a single worm in the world.Osborne found that although his body is segmented, one of the segments in the middle of the body is widened, and this causes the two adjacent segments to swell like a balloon, giving it the appearance of a pig's butt. Since it shares some structural features in common with the larvae of a group of marine polychaete worms called Chaetopteridae, which feed by filtration, Osborne thought that the pork-back worm might be in the larval stage. However, the creature is relatively large (for a sea worm), about the size of a hazelnut, and in a 2007 Biological Bulletin, Osborne admitted: …… from five to ten times more than any known chaetopterid larvae. " The only other possibility is that this worm was in an adult state, which would make it the strangest-looking adult chaetopterid ever seen. All known adult chaetopteris have long, segmented bodies and live in vertical or horseshoe-shaped tubes inside tunnels dug on the seabed. Here they live, catching plankton with the help of a mucous network they produce, attached to the top of the tube.But the pork backworm drifts at a depth of 900-1200 meters, and its downward mouth is surrounded by a cloud of mucus, which, Osborne believes, can be used to capture tiny food particles and detritus that descend from the layers of water. above. The pork back worm also lacks reproductive organs, which makes it even more mysterious, but Osborne says that this only means that the captured specimens did not participate in the reproduction process only at that time, and not that they do not do it at all …"Many annelids [segmented worms] only display reproductive organs during a period of active reproduction, which can last from only a few weeks to a couple of months," she adds.
Unable to classify this worm based on morphological features, Osborne and her team analyzed the DNA of a significant number of marine worm species, creating their first family tree to represent the relationship between 12 chaetopterid species.This did not help them establish whether this new species was a larval or an adult form, but the team suggested that its strange appearance may be the result of the larva not being able to settle to the seabed like other worms, and this impeded the growth process. [45] leaving it in larval form forever. "The existence of such larvae that have lost the incentive to settle to the seabed or have not found a suitable habitat at all is possible, but it would hardly be correct to assume that the sequence of their finding by us in a certain habitat in the water column and the successive series of their morphology are not related to the size they reach (it ranges from 12 to 23 millimeters), says Osborne.- They always have the same number of segments and the same mixture of larval and adult characters. It would be nice to find them during reproduction, and then we would be able to understand whether they can go through a full life cycle exclusively in the water column ".
Yes, while the pork back worm may look like the back of an unpleasant looking mammal, it doesn't seem to bother him. When he just swims around, unconcerned about what the other chaetopterid worms are doing is exactly what made him a pork-butt worm in the first place, but I bet he's pretty unperturbed on his own.For example, imagine the first day of high school; Pig Bottom Worm moved there from another school, and all the local dudes would say, like, "Oh my God! Have you seen this new guy? He looks like an ass. " Meanwhile, they themselves hang out in their pipes on the seabed.
And the Pig Bottom Worm will float by, leaving their words almost unheeded, and in reality not even really bothering about it, saying with all his looks: "What's the matter, dude?" And many of the tough peppers will continue to laugh at him, dumping their farts on him, and leaving him alone in practical chemistry classes, but Pig Butt Worm's ass does not hesitate about this, but after school he will hang out with the older guys from college, who really wanted to spit on various nonsense, like himself.Of course, sooner or later, this will lead to the fact that one of the popular girls, together with one of the same popular guys, decides to pull off a cunning plan, the purpose of which will be to bring Pig Ass Worm together with her older sister, because then her strict dad will allow them both to go for school dances; and the popular guy will be very lucky, because he will have the opportunity to bang the popular girl after dancing for the first time in his life. And the Pig Butt Worm will just go there with him for company, because he really doesn't care and he was still under the gas all the time.
But in the course of the affair, the Pig-Ass Worm will be seized by a real passion for the girl's sister, because she doesn't give a damn about everything that happens to him even more than he does, and she will begin to sympathize with him, because she hates most people, making an exception only for him.
Of course, the cunning plan will be realized during the dances, when everyone will be dressed up in costumes and evening dresses made of seaweed, and the sister will think that Pig Bottom does not care deeply, including herself, although this is not at all so.
And then a huge fish will break through the wall of the upside-down shell that the dance hall is made of and swallow everyone in one big gulp. It seems that the strict dad sensed that this would be the case.
Microscopic examination of a smear-print from the perianal region for the detection of eggs of the causative agent of enterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms).
Synonyms Russian
Enterobiasis, pinworm.
Synonyms English
Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobius vermicularis infection.
Microscopy.
What kind of biomaterial can be used for research?
Imprint from the perianal area.
How to properly prepare for the study?
Collection of biomaterial for research is carried out only in the morning (until 10:00), before bowel movements.On the eve of taking the biomaterial, do not toilet the skin in the anus and buttocks.
General information about the study
Enterobiasis is a helminthiasis caused by worms from the pinworm genus. It is one of the most common parasitic diseases in children. The infection is widespread throughout the world, including in developed countries, according to rough estimates, the infection rate in children is 4-28%.
Pinworm – the causative agent of the disease – a white worm, 0.5-1 cm in length, in the human body lives in the cecum and appendix.It feeds mainly on the contents of the intestines. The main clinical symptom – itching in the perianal region occurs when pinworms lay eggs on the skin during sleep (from 5,000 to 15,000 eggs) and then die. Distribution occurs mainly through the fecal-oral route, for example, eggs can fall under a person's nails when scratching, then get on household items and personal hygiene items. In the transmission of the pathogen, hand hygiene is the main problem, therefore, children are more likely to get sick with enterobiasis, especially in crowded places (kindergartens, schools).
The high prevalence of enterobiasis can be explained by a mild clinic of the disease, which most often manifests itself in perianal itching. In addition, symptoms such as anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, irritability may be present. With a severe and prolonged course, mental developmental disorders of children may be noted. In rare cases, ectopic enterobiasis can develop, for example, in the kidneys or fallopian tubes, which can lead to serious consequences.
Diagnosis is carried out by scraping from the perinanal area (using adhesive tape) followed by microscopy.
In the treatment of enterobiasis, a special role should be given to hygienic measures: washing hands, cutting nails, changing frequently, washing and ironing clothes. To prevent the spread of eggs, zinc ointment is applied locally to the perianal area. Medical treatment consists in taking anthelmintic drugs (contact persons also undergo treatment).
What is the research used for?
For the detection of helminthiasis.
When is the study scheduled?
In the presence of clinical manifestations, more often with itching in the perianal region.
If enterobiasis is detected in a contact person.
For various medical examinations (during hospitalization, medical examination, registration of a medical book, etc.).
What do the results mean?
Reference values: negative.
The presence of pinworm eggs indicates the presence of enterobiasis.
Parasitic diseases remain the world's most underestimated health hazard. Pathologies have a universal clinical picture, suitable for any strains of influenza, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections and other types of seasonal colds. Typical signs are dizziness, weakness, nausea, low-grade fever, runny nose, dry cough.A blood test for parasites will help to confirm or exclude helminthic infection from the anamnesis, which is extremely important in developing an effective treatment regimen. The standard set of studies includes scraping, detection of helminth eggs in the feces and an antibody test. It is recommended to donate blood for parasites every 6-12 months in order to completely eliminate the likelihood of developing dangerous, difficult-to-diagnose complications.
In the medical center "Chance" you can take tests for parasites in Yekaterinburg and get accurate results within 1-7 days.This will allow the attending physician to make a reliable diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment. In the laboratory of the clinic, research is carried out on all types of helminthic invasions. Tests for parasites (feces and blood) help identify:
bovine and pork tapeworm;
intestinal nematode, including pinworms;
parasitic human ascaris worms;
tapeworms;
flagellate protists (lamblia).
A comprehensive analysis for parasites by blood in Yekaterinburg allows you to detect the simplest helminths that live outside the gastrointestinal tract and are not available for detection in the feces. A blood test for antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes has the highest level of accuracy, reaching 99%. Tests help diagnose asymptomatic, but extremely dangerous diseases such as toxoplasmosis, trichinella, demodex, giardiasis. A timely blood test for parasites will help eliminate the infection in a short time.
Inflammation of the paraanal glands , requiring high-quality treatment, is not difficult to diagnose correctly. You will see the characteristic symptomatology of riding the dog with the back of the body. What is the reason for this pathology? In a certain structure of the glands of external secretion.
All carnivores have small sacs with ducts on both sides of the posterior opening. The exact location of these glands is the sacral edge of the passage (the inside of the rectum).The excretion of the ducts is carried out near the anal ring.
The secret of the soft consistency of yellow, grayish or brown color is secreted by the dog during evacuation (or when it is frightened by something) and is intended to indicate territory. Experts attribute the tagging function to rudimentary surplus.
Inflammation of the paraanal glands in dogs (and their treatment) is currently not well understood. Diagnostics is carried out when inflammation is detected.During the procedure, the animal shows noticeable anxiety and a number of other specific signs.
Inflammation near the anus in pets is common. We advise you to immediately seek help from a veterinarian if you have characteristic symptoms.
Main signs of pathology:
The pet is worried about the anal area. He reaches out to lick and bite her.
The animal often sits with its back on the ground and drives it.
An unpleasant odor is emitted from the dog.
With severe inflammation below the anus, red edema and bulging are observed. A purulent abscess may be accompanied by the presence of fistulas with the outflow of fetid purulent masses.
Complete blood count and serum biochemistry required. Cancer diagnostics involves the use of an X-ray to examine the chest and pelvis and an ultrasound scan to look for metastases in the abdominal cavity.
Veterinary medicine currently does not have sufficient knowledge about the immediate causes of the pathology. We can only talk about a list of possible risk factors.
overweight;
90,096 diarrhea;
weakening of the muscles in the anal area;
improper nutrition;
prolonged liquid evacuation;
90,096 malignant formations in the glands themselves or near them;
incorrect secret development.
In all of the above cases, the secret is allocated unevenly. The glands become hardened and the ducts clogged. The bags are stretched due to an increase in the dense, viscous mass. Inflammation begins. The next stage is the accumulation of bacteria in the secretion, the formation of an abscess, and sometimes malignant transformation of tissues.
When do babies start putting things in their mouth: Infant Milestones Chart Month by Month
When do newborns become infants: Infant development: Birth to 3 months


Here are some of the Tilt-shift lenses mentioned in the video.
Obviously these are specialty lenses and not everyone has a need for, or can afford them. But perhaps if you have the ability you may want to rent one and play around. Check with your local camera store or online with places like Borrow Lenses. Or you can try the less expensive Lens Baby for making some fun effects.
Have you ever tried one out? Do you do the type of photography that requires a tilt-shift lens? Or is it a luxury for the wish list? Share your thoughts in the comments below.


Although an individual journey, conscious connected breathwork becomes an incredible tool for connection, communication, intimacy and healing within your relationship. Moving beyond any stories or limitations of the ego, you arrive at the deep soul connection within.
Giving deep thanks to the teachings and wisdom of Robin Clements (breathwave.net) and for the gift of being a level-3 breathwave trained facilitator.
Please e-transfer carmen@imawildflower.com to save your space or with any questions. $40/person.
Join the 4-journey series for $149/person (Jan 24, Feb 21, Mar 21, Apr 11).
I offer group and private connection experiences and breathwork ceremonies designed to use the power of relationship to learn about and connect to self, others and the world as a whole. Specializing in individuals, moms & daughters, couples and other familial dynamics, I believe connection and integration change everything.
As a natural born explorer with insatiable curiosity, I'm constantly blown away by the magic and beauty of the world and am wildly passionate about things that spark joy, wonder and connection.
Drawing on my background in social work, yoga, breathwork and a deep desire to inspire others to honour and celebrate their own depth and potential, I offers retreats, workshops and private sessions cultivating a deep sense of connectedness, truth and clarity.


During this class we will explore the world of making the perfect pizza: the one that you make from scratch.
We will investigate differences in dough types and cooking techniques from traditional Neapolitan pizza to N.Y. slice - and to the deep dish monsters of Chicago! We will roll pizza dough into Stromboli and fold it into Calzone. Bring your appetite and your favorite wine.


text:
Q: Change mapped drive path via command line/batch file How do I change the path of a mapped drive via batch file?
I have written a batch file to delete files in various locations that are older than 2 weeks old.
net use Y: \\servername1\c$

cd /d Y:\Reports
SET _CmdResult=NONE
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%a IN ('forfiles -p "Y:\Reports" -s -m *.* -d -14 -c "cmd /c del @file" 2^>^&1 ^| FINDSTR ERROR') DO SET _CmdResult=%%a
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "ERROR: No files found with the specified search criteria." (
    SET errorlevel=0
) ELSE (
    SET errorlevel=1
)
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "NONE" SET errorlevel=0

net use Y: /delete /y

timeout 10

net use Y: \\servername2\c$

cd /d Y:\Reports
SET _CmdResult=NONE
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%a IN ('forfiles -p "Y:\Reports" -s -m *.* -d -14 -c "cmd /c del @file" 2^>^&1 ^| FINDSTR ERROR') DO SET _CmdResult=%%a
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "ERROR: No files found with the specified search criteria." (
    SET errorlevel=0
) ELSE (
    SET errorlevel=1
)
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "NONE" SET errorlevel=0

net use Y: /delete /y

The problem I have is that after the first instance of net use Y: /delete /y it closes the console down. Without the /y the console just waits for confirmation so never moves on.
I have tried removing the first instance of  net use Y: /delete /y from the script hoping the next command net use Y: \\servername2\c$ /y would just re-assign but it errors as already in use.
I know I could map various drives at the start of the script for the specific servers but if I want to use the script to delete files from a few servers that could get messy if a drive letter is already used at some point going forward, it also seems very inefficient (more so than my script probably already is)
I also could have multiple scripts for each server location but again think it would be neater handled in 1 script.
So is there a method of changing the path of a mapped drive?

A: This is what I have now. It appears to be working.
I will look into the single line solution too.
I couldn't leave as comment above as there was too much text...
pushd \\servername1\c$

cd /d Reports
SET _CmdResult=NONE
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%a IN ('forfiles -p "%cd%" -s -m *.* -d -14 -c "cmd /c del @file" 2^>^&1 ^| FINDSTR ERROR') DO SET _CmdResult=%%a
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "ERROR: No files found with the specified search criteria." (
    SET con1=0
) ELSE (
    SET con1=1
)
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "NONE" SET con1=0

timeout 15

popd

timeout 15

pushd \\servername2\c$

cd /d Reports
SET _CmdResult=NONE
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%a IN ('forfiles -p "%cd%" -s -m *.* -d -14 -c "cmd /c del @file" 2^>^&1 ^| FINDSTR ERROR') DO SET _CmdResult=%%a
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "ERROR: No files found with the specified search criteria." (
    SET con1=0
) ELSE (
    SET con1=1
)
IF "%_CmdResult%" == "NONE" SET con1=0

timeout 15

popd

Thanks for all suggestions and help above

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
sheringhamsociety
The past, present and future of Sheringham, Norfolk
Buildings History
Fishermen's Heritage Centre
Fishermen's Lifeboat Museum
Peter Coke Shell Gallery
We lease the buildings we occupy from their owners, the Town Council, at a peppercorn rent, while paying for their upkeep and maintenance. These buildings accommodate the Fishermen's Lifeboat Museum, the Peter Coke Shell Gallery, a small first floor office for the society and below that a craft shop which is rented out. They are not listed (there are only two listed structures in the whole of the town of Sheringham) but, having been sensitively restored, are an important feature of the Conservation Area.
Restored buildings
The buildings occupy a site which was once part of the grounds of a school. When Abbot and Charlotte Upcher purchased the Sheringham Estate in 1812 they immediately took an interest in the welfare of their tenants. Only three years later, mainly through Charlotte's influence, a school for girls was constructed in Upper Sheringham, a radical provision for the time. Ten years after that, in 1825, a boys' school was opened in Lower Sheringham for the sons of the fishing community there. The school building is now a private residence (10 West Cliff). The site the school occupied, measuring approximately 70 by 28 metres and including a playground and a garden, was on the eastern edge of the land owned by the Upchers where the cliff is relatively low. Because of coastal erosion during the 19th century when there were no sea defences, much of it was lost to the sea. The school closed in 1875 to move to larger premises*.
Soon after 1875 the Upcher family constructed two buildings on what remained of the site. One was a boatshed for the Augusta lifeboat (B on the plan below). Since her construction in 1838 the Augusta had been kept on the beach close to the school, where her coxswain, Robert Long, was a resident teacher, as was his wife. Exposure to the weather was not good for an already ageing boat. Keeping her under shelter prolonged her life to 1894, when she was replaced by the Henry Ramey Upcher (HRU), which still resides there. This new home did add to the effort of launching, however.
A School, 1825 to 1875, now 10 West Cliff
B Lifeboat Shed, constructed approx. 1875, now part of Fishermen's Lifeboat Museum
C Coal Store, approx. 1875 to 1890, Fishing Shed I, 1890 to 2004, now Shell Gallery
D Fishing Shed II, constructed approx. 1900, now part of Fishermen's Lifeboat Museum
E Fishing Shed III, constructed approx. 1900, now Craft Shop below, Society's Office above
1 Original entrance, no longer in use
2 Opening for doorway, made 2005
The second building was a coal store (C on plan), in what is now the shell gallery. Coal ships from Tyneside would be beached below the store to be unloaded onto horse-drawn carts at low tide. What is now the Fishermen's Slope in front of our premises was formed at this time to both allow the coal to be carted up into the store (through the double doors on the seaward side which are still visible, though no longer in use) and for the launching of the lifeboat. The construction of the railway, reaching Sheringham in 1887, enabled deliveries by rail. Coal could then be unloaded and distributed from the goods yard near the station. The coal store having been rendered redundant was made available to the fishing community. A loft was constructed over the full length of the building and a fireplace was installed at first floor level. The ground floor was used for storage of equipment and fishermen and their wives used the loft mainly for making and mending nets. In the winter months it provided a cosy space for such activities and for warming up after a fishing trip.
As the fishing community grew during the late 19th century more working space was required. The space between the lifeboat shed and the former coal store (D on plan) was covered in to form a further self-contained storage area and now forms part of the lifeboat museum. This too had a wide entrance on the seaward side, no longer in use. The extension consisting of the craft shop at ground level and our office above (E) was also added around this time.
The HRU lifeboat remained in service until 1935. Until World War II she was also used for taking visitors on sea trips, as a way of raising funds. The last such trip was at the end of the war, to celebrate VJ Day; this came rather close to potential disaster, putting an end to such activity and for several years the HRU remained locked away out of sight in her shed. The lifeboat shed and fishing sheds, although originally belonging to the Upcher family, were later handed over to the Sheringham Urban District Council (SUDC), the forerunner of Sheringham Town Council. During the 1960s the SUDC rented the lifeboat shed to the Coastguards, who had abandoned the former Coastguard cottages in the Driftway in the 1920s, and the fishing community continued to use the other sheds.
By the 1970s the condition of the lifeboat shed had deteriorated, with extensive repairs needed to preserve the building and the boat it contained. The local branch of the RNLI offered to finance the repairs through a benefactor and to subsequently open the shed to allow visitors to view the lifeboat. The negotiations eventually fell through, however, and the newly formed Town Council paid for the necessary repairs. Arrangements for viewing the boat were patchy, however, until the Sheringham Preservation Society (as we were then known) took over organising them in 1983, establishing the Henry Ramey Upcher Lifeboat Museum. The lifeboat was the main exhibit, of course, but information about other Sheringham lifeboats and the town's fishing community were also put on display.
By the time of the new millennium it was the turn of the Fishing Sheds to fall into disrepair. By then fishing activity had reduced considerably and the buildings were no longer in use as before. Various options were considered by their owners, the Town Council, and eventually the proposal devised by this society to open them as a visitor attraction was accepted. Through local fundraising, grants from official bodies and emptying of the society's reserves, approximately £130,000 was raised and building work started in 2004.
By analogy with similar schemes which had been successful in other fishing communities, it was planned to make the former coal store available to local artists and craftspeople in which to work and sell their wares, and for members of the fishing community to demonstrate skills such as making crab pots and mending nets. The floor installed during the period when it was in use by the fishing community (together with the first-floor fireplace) was removed because of its poor condition and restricted headroom and the building was restored to its original height. The second smaller shed between the former coal store and lifeboat shed provided extra exhibition space to supplement what was in the lifeboat museum, with information and artefacts about the Upcher family, the fishing industry in Sheringham and the private or fishermen's (non-RNLI) lifeboats. The museum, together with this room, was renamed to become the Fishermen's Heritage Centre. Toilets for the convenience of volunteer stewards and a new pedestrian entrance from the top of the Fishermen's Slope were constructed at its seaward end (2a on plan). A doorway was also opened in the wall separating this space from the former coal store (2b on plan).
When it became clear that the former coal store was not in demand by local artists and craftspeople, the shell gallery was opened there instead in 2006. During the first season of operation it was found that visitors to the lifeboat shed often left it without exploring the additional exhibition space provided in the adjoining room, because it had a separate entrance. Consequently, with the permission of the Town Council, a doorway was opened between this space and the lifeboat shed. All the individual spaces which had previously been self-contained were now interlinked. These arrangements were found to be successful and have remained unchanged to the present day.
* Information about early schooling in Sheringham is taken from The Divided Village by Peter Cox, Courtyard Publishing, 2000.
Before renovation
During renovation 2005 – detail
During renovation 2005 full view from the north
New Year, New Start, New Name
VJ Day Commemoration, 15th and 16th August
The Ispolen makes a reappearance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nick Cummins opens up about his 'darkest times' on The Bachelor
By Isabel Thomson Officer| 7 months ago
Nick Cummins aka The Honey Badger, was by far the most controversial bachelor The Bachelor had ever seen.
After sending fans and contestants into a frenzy when he refused to pick a winner during the explosive finale, the 31-year-old is now opening up about his "darkest times" on the show.
RELATED: 'The Bachelor Australia': Nick Cummins' family speaks out amid finale backlash
Speaking to Stellar, Cummins said that the show made him turn to prayer as "[he] was fading" and because his "soul was going dark."
Follow the sun.
A post shared by Honey Badger (@nickbadger) on Mar 22, 2018 at 1:42am PDT
At one point during filming, the former rugby league player even ran away from the set to spend several hours in the bush.
Waiting until his minder was in the bathroom, Cummins escaped.
"I just took off into the bush. And I went out there for hours and hours," he told the outlet.
Feels good to clear the air! Burn over and have a read of @StellarMag this Sunday.
A post shared by Honey Badger (@nickbadger) on Jun 27, 2019 at 8:54pm PDT
"I remember stripping off to my undies and laying on a rock and I said a couple of prayers. I asked whoever was listening, 'Help. Give me some guidance and give me some energy.'"
After discovering that the drama of reality TV and being cut off from the outside world didn't agree with his free spirited ways, Cummins said he spiralled into a dark place.
"When I was in the deepest, darkest times during the show, I was thinking, 'I don't want to be here.' It's a tough place to be in mentally."
Nick Cummins responds to Brooke Blurton's 'Bachelor Australia' secret
Name a time you remembered something and pulled a head like that... @roguegents . . . . Image @barton.louis
A post shared by Honey Badger (@nickbadger) on Jun 12, 2019 at 4:05am PDT
He continued, "Physically, I'm good. I've been dealing with 130kg blokes running at me; I'm happy in that world — and comfortable. But when it's in your head, it's a whole other battle. It's a whole lot more intense."
Life becomes one big adventure when you take 'those' opportunities that others won't. Take it on 🦁 #gopro
A post shared by Honey Badger (@nickbadger) on Oct 28, 2018 at 2:11am PDT
Opening up about his decision not to pick Brittany Hockley nor Sophie Tieman, Cummins said it was because he struggled with how "staged" reality TV felt as a camera crew was constantly close by. He also felt the show didn't allow him to spend enough time with the contestants to be able to fall in love.
RELATED: Sophie Tieman recalls the moment she knew Nick Cummins wouldn't pick her on 'The Bachelor'
"It wasn't enough time to get to know someone, let alone fall in love," he told Stellar while also stating that this is what he told Brooke during the finale.
They say it's not about the destination it's about the journey. And wowee what a journey these two gorgeous women have had 💫 A friendship that will last a lifetime 💖 We only wish love and happiness for you both as you continue on your path to finding love x #TheBachelorAU @brittany_hockley @sophie.tieman
A post shared by TheBachelorAU (@thebachelorau) on Oct 4, 2018 at 8:08pm PDT
"I said to her, which I'd said before, that everything feels a bit staged and I don't think I can find love in this type of environment."
Upon deciding to go it alone at the end, Cummins pre-empted that his choice may not sit so well with viewers, and so he took off to the Kokoda Trail, Far North Queensland and the Kimberleys to immerse himself in nature.
"I don't get upset at the public for their viewpoint as they haven't been in my shoes. But they did see an edit. It's not a documentary," he told the publication.
Slammed for his decision to fly solo, at the time, Cummins faced intense public scrutiny after leaving both Sophie and Brittany in tears.
Asked if he would ever make a return to reality TV, Cummins was quick to tell Stellar "no."
He added, "I've learned."
If you or anyone you know needs immediate support, contact Lifeline on 13 11 14 or via lifeline.org.au. In an emergency, call 000.
These Married At First Sight stars might look a little different now
Nick Cummins
The Bachelor Australia
Property News: 7 tips to keep your indoor plants alive while you're on holiday - domain.com.au