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Home / Residential / Residential Blogs / How are chemicals getting in my water?
How are chemicals getting in my water?
How are the Chemicals Getting in my Water?
Chemicals from water treatment and distribution reach drinking water by the most direct route. They fall into three broad categories:
Substances resulting from the addition of chemicals used in the treatment process for coagulation and disinfection - these chemicals are intentionally added and can give rise to residues or by-products.
Disinfectants that are deliberately added to maintain a residual effect in distribution, usually to the tap - these chemicals may also give rise to by-products
Substances that leach from materials used in distribution or plumbing, or that arise from the corrosion products of pipes.
Most chemicals that end up in our water are a result of being directly added or from runoff. It is important that water supply agencies properly manage any chemicals that they use. In many cases, the best method of control is through management practices, such as optimization of the treatment process, and regulation of materials and chemicals that come into contact with drinking water, rather than through monitoring and chemical analysis.
Water Treatment Plants are the source of the majority of chemicals that are added to our water
What Kind of Chemicals are used in Water Treatment?
Disinfectants and disinfection by-products are the categories of chemicals generally added to treat water. Coagulants, Algaecide, and nutritional additives like fluoride are also chemicals that can be added to your water.
The three chemicals most commonly used as primary disinfectants are chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone. Monochloramine, usually referred to as chloramine, is used as a residual disinfectant for distribution.
Chlorine:
Chlorine is the most widely used primary disinfectant and is also often used to provide residual disinfection in the distribution system. Monitoring the level of chlorine in drinking water entering a distribution system is normally considered to be a high priority (if it is possible), because points in the distribution system is sometimes used to check that there is not an excessive chlorine demand in distribution that may indicate other problems in the system, such as ingress of contamination. Chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic matter in raw water to form a range of unwanted by-products. Guideline values have been established for a number of these byproducts. The compounds most widely considered as representatives of chlorination byproducts for setting standards and monitoring are the trihalomethanes (THMs) which include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform. Haloacetic acids (HAAs), such as monochloroacetate, dichloroacetate, and trichloroacetate, can also be formed as the result of a reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in raw water. Some countries monitor HAAs as well as THMs, but HAAs are much more difficult and expensive to analyze than THMs. THMs and HAAs continue to develop within the distribution system; thus, monitoring can be complex. Optimizing coagulation and filtration is most important in helping to remove the precursors of these by-products and will, in turn, reduce the formation of THMs, HAAs and other unwanted by-products. To ensure the microbial safety of drinking water, disinfection should never be compromised in trying to meet guidelines for any disinfection by-products.
Chlorine dioxide uses in Water Systems:
Chlorine dioxide breaks down to leave the inorganic chemicals chlorite and chlorate. These are best managed by controlling the dose of chlorine dioxide applied to the water. Chlorite can also be found in hypochlorite solution that has been allowed to age. There is no guideline value for chlorate because of limited data on its toxicology, but this chemical is less toxic than chlorite and is present at lower concentrations. Controlling chlorite will generally also adequately control chlorate.
What is Ozone?
Ozone, used as a primary disinfectant, unfortunately, it cannot be monitored in drinking water because it leaves no residual trace. Ozonation in the presence of inorganic bromide, which can occur naturally in raw water, can give rise to low concentrations of bromate. The analysis of bromate is difficult and expensive because several other inorganic substances that interfere with the analysis may be present. It is considered, therefore, that bromate monitoring is a low priority, and that management should instead involve controlling the conditions of ozonation.
What are Monochloramines?
Monochloramine, used as a residual disinfectant for distribution, is usually formed from the reaction of chlorine with ammonia. Careful control of monochloramine formation in water treatment is important to avoid the formation of di- and trichloramine's because these can cause unacceptable tastes and odors. The formation of nitrite because of microbial activity in biofilms in the distribution system is a possibility when monochloramine is used as a residual disinfectant, particularly if ammonia levels are not sufficiently controlled.
Is Algaecide Harmful to Drink or Swim in?
Generally, Algaecide is made from copper sulfate. It is considered safe for humans but can be toxic for fish and some domestic animals. So obviously discharging this stuff into the environment is not good. They have also been using Hydrogen Peroxide as a method to control algae but its not as effective as copper sulfate.
What are Coagulants and what do they do?
Coagulation and flocculation are important barriers to microbiological contaminants and are key processes for reducing naturally occurring organic matter and turbidity, which can seriously affect the efficiency of disinfection. Chemicals used as coagulants in drinking-water treatment include aluminum and iron salts, such as aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, or ferric sulfate. No health-based guideline values have been set for aluminum and iron because neither is of significance to health when used under normal circumstances in water treatment. However, both substances can give rise to problems of discoloration and deposition of sediment in distribution if present in excessive amounts. The concentrations in drinking water above which problems are likely to occur are 0.3 mg/l for iron and 0.2 mg/l for aluminum. This concentration of aluminum should be achievable by any water treatment works, but a well-run large treatment works should be able to achieve a routine average residual value of 0.1 mg/l. The best management strategy for both aluminum and iron when used in treatment is to ensure that coagulation is optimized to prevent excessive amounts remaining in the drinking water. Sometimes organic polymers, known as coagulant aids, are used to assist with coagulation. These polymers may contain residual acrylamide or epichlorohydrin monomers. Monitoring for these chemicals in drinking water is not normally appropriate, because measurement in water is very difficult. Instead, these chemicals are managed by specifying a maximum amount of residual monomer in the polymer and a maximum concentration of polymer that can be added to the treatment process. The World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality give additional guidance on the approval and control of chemicals and materials in contact with drinking water.
Chemicals should not be added to our drinking water when there are better solutions to the problems chemicals address.
What Other Chemicals and Materials are Used in Water Treatment?
Several other chemicals may be added to the treatment. These include substances such as sodium hydroxide for adjusting pH and, in certain circumstances, chemicals for the fluoridation of drinking water. In all cases, it is appropriate to specify the quality of the chemicals added so that the final water does not contain unacceptable concentrations of unwanted contaminants. Ensuring that chemicals used are of appropriate quality is generally best managed by product specification rather than by monitoring drinking water. The World Health Organization) has a section on approval and control of chemicals and materials for use in contact with drinking water that guides product specification. Ion-exchange resins and more advanced treatment processes based on membranes are increasingly used in drinking-water treatment. It is possible that chemicals can leach from the materials used in the manufacture of these systems; therefore, these too should be managed by appropriate product and materials specifications.
Chemicals that Treat Scale in Water Systems?
Phosphoric Acid is sold under several different brand names but is always marketed as a Water Treatment Chemical. Phosphate water treatment chemicals are primarily used as an integral part of corrosion control processes used by municipal drinking water authorities or other industries to purify and improve the quality of drinking water as it is distributed to the public. Controlling staining (red water caused by iron-based impurities and black water caused by manganese-based impurities), controlling copper, and controlling lead release to the public is the primary application of phosphate-based products. The main benefits of using phosphate products are the following:
1. Extends the operating life of the water distribution system by reducing corrosion and scale formation.
2. Eliminates and/or minimizes the presence of lead, copper, iron, and manganese impurities in municipal drinking water.
3. Increases the water quality by preventing rusty and dirty water, discoloration, staining, mineral buildup, or leaching of heavy metals.
Phosphates are also generally consumed by the public in multiple products. It is found in toothpaste, cola-based products, cheeses, as well as leavening agents in baking. Phosphoric acid can be found in many popular soft drinks. The warning labels on most of these products should be a cause for alarm. With this chemical already being consumed in the above-mentioned products. I would prefer it not be added to my water considering the following paragraph.
What Chemicals are Used to Treat Scale and Corrosion in Water Systems?
Phosphate and Orthophosphate products are generally the go-to for dealing with scale chemically. Phosphoric acid is clear, homogeneous acidic solution.
Note that it has a markedly corrosive action on all body tissues and should be handled with care. Even dilute solutions may be acidic and may have a destructive effect on tissue after prolonged contact.
Inhalation of mists can cause damage to the upper respiratory tract. Ingestion can cause sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and severe burns of the mouth, throat, and stomach. The liquid products have a specific gravity of about 1.2-1.6 g/ml. They are of acidic pH (is chemical is commonly used to treat scale and corrosion issues in water systems.
Muriatic Acid is another approved chemical used to treat scale in drinking water systems. You might be more familiar with its other name Hydrochloric acid. This is a very dangerous substance and its being used in our drinking water systems. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure may cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation and inflammation and pulmonary edema in humans. Another chemical that we should not be drinking or discharging into the environment. Especially when there are superior methods of treating scale in domestic water systems that don't require the use of chemicals.
What are the Health and Environmental Effects of Descaling Chemicals?
The health effects of phosphate and orthophosphate products and other acid-based products are mainly due to their corrosive properties. They are corrosive to skin, eyes, or respiratory tract. Contact with skin may cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Contact with eyes may cause redness, pain, blurred vision, eye burns, and permanent eye damage. In applications where dust, vapors, or mist are created, inhalation may irritate the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing and shortness of breath. Ingestion may cause sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and severe burns of the mouth, throat, and stomach. Severe exposures can lead to shock, circulatory collapse, and death.
Phosphates are slowly and incompletely absorbed when ingested. If ingested symptoms may include vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, blood chemistry effects, heart disturbances, and central nervous system effects (seriously and you're adding this to our water?) The toxicity of phosphates is because of their ability to sequester calcium.
Phosphate and Orthophosphate products are expected to be toxic to aquatic life when present in high concentrations, mainly due to their acidic nature. When released into the soil, this material may leach into groundwater. When released to water, natural water hardness minerals may readily reduce acidity. The phosphate, however, may persist indefinitely. During transport through the soil, phosphoric acid will dissolve some of the soil material carbonate-based materials. The acid will be neutralized to some degree. However, significant amounts of acid will remain for transport down toward the groundwater table. Since it is an inorganic compound and contains no degradable functional groups, it exerts no biological oxygen demand.
There are options other than chemicals to treat water systems for scale and corrosion. There is no excuse to allow this old way of thinking to be the main tool for water treatment. Chemicals are bad for us and the environment. We all know this, but municipalities and corporations are either too lazy or too scared to change how this is done. Our health depends on them getting with the times and stop thinking that old solutions are the best and only solution. Innovate your mind and understanding with what we now know as facts.
Distribution Systems can be the Source of Chemicals in your Water.
Basically, this means the pipes that bring the water to your home are contaminating your water. The most widely used metal for pipes and fittings in distribution systems is iron, which may give rise to corrosion products. These products can cause discoloration at the tap if the distribution system is not managed correctly. Monitoring for corrosion products is not appropriate; instead, it is necessary to manage the problem of corrosion and the accumulation of corrosion products in distribution. In some circumstances, iron hand pumps can give rise to discolored water if they are corroded by water that is too acidic. In such cases, it may be appropriate to screen the raw water for low pH and, where a low pH is detected, consider using alternative materials for the pumps. The corrosivity of water is a function of many factors, including pH, low alkalinity, chloride, and sulfate ions, sediment, and microbial activity.
Lead, copper, and sometimes zinc may be present in drinking water, because of the use of these metals in pipework in public, commercial and domestic buildings. Monitoring is complicated by the fact that both occurrence and concentration will vary from building to building and at different times of the day. Concentrations will usually be greater the longer the water is standing in the pipe, so first-draw water will usually have higher levels than water from a fully flushed system. Copper and zinc are less likely than lead to occur at levels of concern, except in very new buildings or where highly corrosive water is supplied; however, concentrations may be increased in some circumstances when copper piping is used as a means of earthing the electrical system in a building. Lead frequently occurs at concentrations greater than the guideline value in situations where lead pipes and solders are present. Lead is also a component of brass, bronze, and gun-metal, which are used in fittings in plumbing systems. In some circumstances, fittings made of these metals can be a significant contributor to the concentrations of lead at the tap. Monitoring of metals from plumbing is difficult because of variations in concentration with time and the fact that the levels are frequently property-specific.
Where lead pipes are present in many buildings, the most important requirements are public health surveillance (to ensure that there is no significant public health problem) and identification of the buildings that have lead piping. Consideration of lead in drinking water should be part of an overall lead-reduction strategy because lead exposure from other sources may be more significant. There are several possible approaches to reducing lead levels in drinking water, ranging from targeted replacement of lead pipes to central control of corrosion to reduce the possibility that lead will dissolve in water. Lead can also arise if lead solder is used in the installation of copper piping. A control measure, in this case, would normally be to avoid the use of lead solders for applications involving drinking water.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe is also widely used in distribution systems. Lead has been used as a stabilizer in unplasticized PVC pipe and may give rise to elevated lead levels in drinking water for a time after a new installation. Such pipe is normally of large diameter; thus, the dilution effect of the water flowing through the pipe will reduce the concentration of lead and may result in lead concentrations below the guideline value. There have been cases where the levels of vinyl chloride monomer remaining in the plastic have been higher than desirable.
We know there are safe, more effective, less costly alternatives to dealing with the issues that chemicals address. If you want to learn more, please follow the link. Want an alternative to water treatment that doesn't use Chemicals?


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The Rowing and Canoeing course is a rowing and canoeing venue in Lake Zapotlán built at a cost of 30-40 million pesos in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico.   It was built to host the rowing and canoeing events at the 2011 Pan American Games.  The complex included temporary stands for 1,000 spectators, a return canal, gymnasium and boathouse.   After the games it will serve as a training center and host to national and international competitions.

See also
Rowing at the 2011 Pan American Games
Canoeing at the 2011 Pan American Games

External links
 Profile

References

Venues of the 2011 Pan American Games
Sports venues in Jalisco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LoveReading View on Old Hat!
In glorious illustrations about hats of all kinds Emily Gravett makes a deliciously simple joke about the folly of following fashion and the desirability of just being yourself. Harbet has a lovely warm hat which was knitted for him by his Nana. He feels good wearing it but when the others see it they all laugh at it for being Old Hat! Harbet tries to keep up with the changing fashions but he soon realises that he must be himself and adopt a 'no hat' policy! Suddenly, Harbet is the trend setter as no one can keep up with him!
Harbet had a hat. His Nana had knitted it for him when he was little. Harbet likes his comfy knitted hat, but the others keep jeering at him - OLD HAT! OLD HAT! No matter what headwear he buys - be it a towering fruit platter hat, an old-boot-on-the-head hat or a brightly lit traffic cone hat, Harbet cannot keep up with the latest fashions. As soon as he gets a brand new hat it is already an ...OLD HAT!
It seems that Harbet will never fit in. But when one day he decides to go his own way, Harbet discovers just how much more fun it is to stop following others and think for yourself.


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Q: Turn multimedia keys into home/end/pageup/pagedown I have a lenovo thinkpad where FN+arrow keys is mapped to multimedia keys. For consistency with my other laptops I would like these instead to map to home, end, page-up and page-down.
I am running Debian stretch with the mate desktop, how can I do this?

A: The first step is to go into system -> preferences -> keyboard shortcuts and disable the keyboard shortcuts for play, stop, previous track and next track. This was a necessary first step, before it was done the keycodes would not show up in xev.
Once that was done I was able to follow the instructions in
I found the keycodes were

*

*FN+Left (aka previous): 173

*FN+Right (aka next): 171

*FN+UP (aka stop): 174

*FN+Down (aka play): 172

xev can again be used to determine the "keysyms" for home, end, page up and page down.

*

*Home: Home

*End: End

*Page up: Prior

*Page down: Next

One can remap the keys for the current session with
xmodmap -e "keycode 173 = Home"
xmodmap -e "keycode 171 = End"
xmodmap -e "keycode 174 = Prior"
xmodmap -e "keycode 172 = Next"

There doesn't seem to be any good way to make this permanent, apparently .Xmodmap doesn't work on many modern systems and all the other options seem to involve either manually running scripts or editing files in /usr, I decided editing files in /usr was the least bad option.
Specifically I edited /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/inet, replacing the settings for keys I171 through I174 with
    key <I171>   {      [ End                   ]       };
    key <I172>   {      [ Next                  ]       };
    key <I173>   {      [ Home                  ]       };
    key <I174>   {      [ Prior                 ]       };

Thanks to the following sources for nuggets of information needed to solve this problem
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MultimediaKeys
https://medium.com/@damko/a-simple-humble-but-comprehensive-guide-to-xkb-for-linux-6f1ad5e13450
https://askubuntu.com/questions/296155/how-can-i-remap-keyboard-keys/296437#296437
Use setxkbmap to swap the Left Shift and Left Control

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Candacraig is an exclusive Scottish mansion, immaculately presented to the highest standards, but where the atmosphere is always warm and relaxing.
We are passionate about ensuring our guests enjoy unique and memorable experiences, offering truly bespoke hospitality that caters to your particular wants and needs, and always maintaining the exceptional standards one would expect of this luxurious setting.
Alongside our twelve sumptuous ensuite bedrooms, guests enjoy the benefit of our impressive formal Dining Room, beautiful Drawing Room, and exquisite Whisky Library. Candacraig's eighteen-acres of private woodland and manicured lawns boast access to a glorious Victorian walled garden, private lochan fed by the celebrated River Don, and even a woodland bonfire area for special moments by the crackle of the warming fire. There is also access to an outdoor table tennis table, croquet lawn, children's activity area and a private stretch of the River Don to cast your fishing line.
With all that the Candacraig estate has to offer, we are equally blessed by our breath-taking setting within the stunning Cairngorms National Park. With over 5,000 square kilometres of rugged natural beauty and sensational outdoor pursuits to explore.
Candacraig presents an immaculate retreat for you to relax and unwind, with 12 individually styled bedrooms providing elegant comfort for up to 24 guests.
All bedrooms have their own private bathroom, luxury L'Occitane toiletries, bathrobes and slippers.
Through many years of collecting, our whisky library provides a leading selection of single malts and Scottish gins.
Explore the nearby distilleries of The Glenlivet or Royal Lochnagar, or venture slightly farther afield to Speyside and visit distilleries such as The Macallan, Aberlour, Strathisla, Ben Riach, Glenfiddich to name a few. Host your own private whisky (or gin) tasting with our expert whisky tutor.
Candacraig's exceptional Highland hospitality deserves an exceptional space in which to enjoy it. Our sumptuously presented dining room offers the focus for a unique dining experience. Enjoy the pleasures of a luxurious candle-lit banquet, or simply relax with a wonderful meal shared with family.
Our stunning dining room offers seating for up to thirty two guests, framed by luxurious tartan décor, setting the perfect scene to enjoy the wonders of Scotland's highly-prized produce. A private chef and discreet staff is on hand, freeing our guests to simply sit back and enjoy the wonders of the exceptional local cuisine.
The opulent Drawing Room at Candacraig presents grandiose 17th century luxury at the heart of our wonderful private residence. Guests can relax beneath the elegantly decorated plaster ceiling, surrounded by the exceptional wood panelled walls that give the Drawing Room such a wonderfully unique character.
This immaculately presented room truly is a striking space to share, with bookshelves lining the walls and the open hearth offering the warmth and relaxation of a log fire. The Drawing Room is a room to fall in love with, where guests can unwind in the quiet by the fire place or enjoy a lively ceilidh band and a dance.
Candacraig's Games Room is the ideal setting to unwind. Challenge friends or family to a game on our billiards table, or relax with the comfort of a novel by the crackle of the open fire.
The Games Room offers a relaxing space for all our guests, whether they are enjoying the pleasures of a long-anticipated family holiday or taking time to appreciate a leisurely moment in the midst of a high-powered corporate retreat.
Candacraig's historic and tranquil 3 acre Victorian walled garden is at the heart of our remarkable eighteen acre private estate.
It offers the perfect setting to relax and enjoy the fresh, crisp Highland air surrounded by the soft breath of nature. Stroll the perfectly maintained hedge-lined paths or prepare yourself for a challenge with our giant chess set. Whatever the day brings, the walled garden offers a private outdoor space for all our guests to unwind and enjoy the moments that make Candacraig such a unique venue.


A candidate for Grant County judge/executive is giving away an AR-15 as part of his campaign.
Myron Miller is running for the Republican nomination to the county's top post on May 22.
"It's a perfectly legal firearm. Firearms are rooted in our culture in this county. There's no reason we can't give away a gun," Miller told WXIX.
The station found a variety of reactions in Grant County to the campaign promotion.
To win the gun, entrants must register their information at Miller's campaign website. The winner must be 21 and submit to a background check.
Miller faces C.E. "Chuck" Dills II, Patricia Ann Conrad, and William "John" Souder in the May 22 Republican primary.
Incumbent Judge/Executive Stephen Wood is not running again.


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Kendal Manuel putting finishing touches on 'underdog' college basketball career with Montana
By: Kyle Hansen
MISSOULA -- Kendal Manuel will be the first to tell you he plays the game of basketball with a chip on his shoulder.
The Billings native plays with an edge to his game in which, after all of the accolades and accomplishments he's achieved to this point, he still aims to prove detractors wrong.
"That's all I think about is, 'Hey, I have to prove to this guy now, and this guy now,'" Manuel said before Montana's men's basketball practice on Tuesday. "It's just been an ongoing cycle throughout college, and I don't think it's ever going to stop and I think I'm always going to feel like I have to prove something to someone, even when I'm starting to work.
"I think that's a good thing to have to not feel like I'm given anything and I'm going to have to work for it."
After a bumpy start to his senior season of college basketball, Manuel is once again proving any doubters wrong as he's helped guide Montana to the top spot in the Big Sky Conference standings with just four games remaining in the regular season.
His path to this point has been a long one with twists and turns nearly everywhere he's gone. Born in Billings, Manuel moved to Africa as a child for a few years before stops in Maine, Florida and New Orleans. He eventually resettled back in Billings, where from a young age he dazzled fans on the basketball court when he played for Skyview High School. As is the case with most Montana high school standouts, the spotlight was on Manuel from a young age, which can be hard for young teenagers as they continue to grow up while being placed underneath a microscope and are forced to mature faster than their peers.
"At first it was kind of overwhelming because you're a 14-,15,-16-year-old kid and you have all of this spotlight and attention and you have to carry yourself differently than your friends might have to," Manuel said. "Being able to take all of that in and just going into different situations and approaching them differently than your friends might have to sucks sometimes, but at the same time it helps you grow and mature as a young man."
But those early life experiences, whether it be moving or seeing different situations than most other people his age have, are other areas Manuel said have built his growth over time.
Then as a senior in 2015, he guided the Falcons to their first boys basketball state championship in school history.
After high school, he opted to commit to playing basketball at Oregon State for Wayne Tinkle and alongside Tres Tinkle, who is one of his best friends. But right from the start, Manuel dealt with challenges as he broke his leg before the season even started and he was forced to redshirt.
But after two seasons in which he appeared in 61 games for the Beavers, Manuel was looking for a change. So he returned to the Treasure State and joined the Grizzlies ahead of the 2018-19 season and became eligible just two days before the season began after a waiver went through, another obstacle he was forced to get past.
"That was my plan the whole time, to stay in one spot and have a great four years, then go and figure out life after that," Manuel said. "It didn't pan out like that, but I'm also grateful that it didn't because I found myself in a great situation here in Montana, and having the support of the whole state has been nice."
He was typically the first or second player off the bench for Montana as the Griz made their second consecutive run to the NCAA Tournament last year. But even though he came off of the bench, Manuel averaged then-career-highs in points per game (8.7), field goal percentage (44.4 percent), 3-point percentage (42.2 percent) and free throw percentage (85.7 percent) while averaging just less than 20 minutes per game.
Not bad contributions for a player who was a new face on an otherwise veteran team that brought back almost everyone from the 2017-18 NCAA Tournament run. Plus, playing back in his home state where family could watch him play more meant a lot to Manuel.
"My biggest thing has been to improvise, adapt and overcome everything that's thrown at you and I've been able to do that," Manuel said. "Last year it was a situation where I came in and they had their team pretty much set from the year before when they won it, so I had to kind of just adapt myself into that and overcome any challenges that were thrown at me.
"Then this year we have a young team and Sayeed (Pridgett) and I and Jared (Samuelson), we've had to do a good job with our leadership and everything to make sure this team gets to the place that we wanted to be."
And so far the Griz have done just that. Montana is 13-3 in Big Sky Conference play and sitting in first place with four regular-season games to go. Manuel, Pridett, Samuelson and junior Timmy Falls have been the vets on an otherwise young roster that saw a lot more turnaround than the year prior.
Manuel is averaging 15.5 points, 3.6 rebounds and 1.9 assists per game this year. But it didn't come without some bumps. During non-conference play, his shooting numbers were down, as he completed only 25.3 percent of his attempts from 3-point range and shot just 35.3 percent from the field in the first 11 games.
But in league play things turned around for the senior and the steps were incrementally there. Despite a poor shooting performance against Sacramento State in the second Big Sky game of the year, Manuel, the team's best free throw shooter, drew a foul with 2.5 seconds left in the game and knocked down the game-winning free throws against the Hornets.
After that the shooting performances, especially from deep, began to noticeably find more consistency and rhythm for Manuel. A few weeks after Sac State, he scored a career-high 30 points in a loss at Northern Colorado, but single-handedly kept Montana in the game late as he shot 13 for 16 from the field and 3 for 3 from 3-point land.
All in all, in Montana's 16 conference games, Manuel's shooting numbers leaped to a 49 percent mark from the field and a 44.8 percent rate from deep. Against Weber State on Feb. 13, Manuel scored his 1,000th career point on an emphatic dunk as the Griz blew out the Wildcats.
That transition has been a massive boost to UM's offense and is a big reason it currently sits in first place in the conference. UM head coach Travis DeCuire said a lot of that dramatic shifting in Manuel's performance has been his willingness to accept his role and not force things on offense with tough shots.
But there's one trait about Manuel that has stood out to DeCuire.
"I think he plays this game with a lot of pride," DeCuire said. "He wears the maroon and silver with a sense of pride that's contagious. I think it's important for young guys to identify how important this is to the guys that were here before them and teach them what they're playing for. And I think he's been incredible for us in that regard.
"Him accepting that evolution was important for us because it forced everyone else's hand to do the same thing. I think he plays for the name that's on the front of that jersey and that's important in this program."
Manuel has also become an avid reader in college, saying he focuses on books that define different styles of leadership as well as other books on real estate. Some of that knowledge he credits to the leadership he's used on the court as he continues to grow.
"I'm super proud of him," Tres Tinkle said of his good friend. "It was hard to see him leave (OSU), but he's had a great year-and-a-half so far and I talk to him almost every single day. Whenever one of us are having troubles I know we can talk to each other. We have each other's back and it was great having him here, but I'm happy to see him doing his thing at the University of Montana."
Manuel's college days are beginning to wind down, and as far as unfinished goals, he said he wants an NCAA Tournament win, should Montana get back to March Madness for a third straight year. That business will be decided in a few weeks in Boise at the conference tournament.
But just playing the game he loves has been the biggest blessing for his life he says, and it is bittersweet that it's coming to an end.
"When I was young, moving from different countries and states, the one constant in my life has been basketball," Manuel said. "Having that love for the game and it being able to carry me to different places and giving me the sense of belonging no matter where I've been has been nice.
"It's crazy to think about because I feel like my whole career throughout basketball, I've kind of been a guy that's overlooked and an underdog type of situation, and to be able to make and accomplish those different things, being able to go to a Power 5 school, come here and go to the NCAA Tournament and all those different things out of Montana, too, it's just something that doesn't happen very often, so it's definitely something that I'll never forget, and I'm glad that my basketball career has been able to pan out this way."

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Tungsten Metallic 2017 Chevrolet Tahoe LT RWD 6-Speed Automatic Electronic with Overdrive V8 jet black dark ash Leather, ABS brakes, Compass, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Front Heated Reclining Bucket Seats, Heated door mirrors, Heated front seats, Illuminated entry, Lane Keep Assist, Low tire pressure warning, Power Liftgate, Power-Adjustable Accelerator & Brake Pedals, Remote keyless entry, Traction control.
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The Brighter Side of Human Nature – (Book)
The Brighter Side of Human Nature
Altruism and Empathy in Everyday Life
(New York: Basic Books, 1990)
We all admire the altruism of a Mother Teresa or the heroism of people who risk their lives to save a drowning child. But when it comes to our own everyday lives, we tend to regard "looking out for number one" as more central to human nature than reaching out to others. Surprisingly, though, that cynical view does not hold up in the light of recent research. In this lively book, Alfie Kohn draws from hundreds of compelling studies in psychology, sociology, economics, and biology to demonstrate convincingly that we are more caring than we give ourselves credit for, and that our generosity cannot be reduced to mere self-interest. The Brighter Side of Human Nature shows that helping is every bit as natural as hurting.
To make this case, Kohn artfully weaves together insights on topics ranging from the nature of empathy to the causes of war, from our tendency to blame our behavior on our genes to the importance of understanding evil from the inside. He explains why humans cannot be described as innately aggressive and suggests that our understanding of morality may be transformed by this new view of our species. Along the way, Kohn accounts for the curious attraction that a darker world view seems to hold for us. He also refutes much of the conventional wisdom, debunking, for example, the notion that women are inherently more altruistic than men, and showing how children's generosity can best be promoted without using rewards. Rigorously researched and engagingly written, The Brighter Side of Human Nature offers an informed optimism that asks us to reconsider what it means to be a human being.
PART ONE – Natural Assumptions
1 – On the Existence of a "Human Nature"
2 – On the Nature of "Human Nature"
PART TWO – Responding to Others
3 – Prosocial Practices: Prediction and Promotion
4 – The Self and the Other
5 – The Self with the Other
6 – The ABCs of Caring: A Case Study
PART THREE – From Me to You to Us
7 – Altruism Lost
8 – Altruism Regained
9 – Beyond Altruism
Appendix: The Seville Statement on Violence
"A vastly informative, closely reasoned yet very readable book.
— Newsday
"Parents should read [this book]. So should teachers. So should anyone quick to dismiss human kindness as no more than a facade for brute selfishness."
— Washington Post Book World
,front page review
"A persuasive meditation on altruism as a fundamental human trait…An elegant and erudite defense of human kindness."
— Kirkus Reviews
"Lively, thought-provoking….[and] thoroughly engaging."
— Washington Times
"This scrupulously researched treatise pleading for a more benevolent assessment of human nature [is]… highly recommended."
— Library Journal
"A masterpiece — engaging, reasoned, provocative, and a joy to read. Kohn's hard-headed good news is precisely what we need to make our way into the 21st century.
— Frances Moore Lappe,
author of Rediscovering America's Values
Back to Books Page


Are new trials that double the length of shifts worked by medical residents intentionally placing patient's lives as risk?
Public Citizen and the American Medical Student Association are calling on federal regulators to investigate and immediately stop research trials that will result in shifts as long as 28 hours for medical residents and that could put patients at higher risk of death.
The two new trials are requiring hundreds of medical residents nationwide to work dangerously long shifts, a move that a number of organizations claim place both the doctors and their patients at risk. The clinical trials allow first-year medical residents to work shifts of 28 consecutive hours or more – nearly twice the current maximum number of hours allowed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for such residents. Voluntary informed consent to participate in the trials was not sought from either the residents or their patients.
One of the trials, which is ongoing with funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), should be suspended immediately, Public Citizen and the American Medical Student Association (AMSA) urged the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS') Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) Nov. 19 in two letters.
In a separate letter to the ACGME, Public Citizen and AMSA urged the accrediting organization to rescind waivers of most of its work-hour limits that it granted to hospitals and residency training programs participating in the two trials. Neither trial could have proceeded without the ACGME's waivers.
Substantial evidence shows that sleep deprivation due to excessively long work shifts increases the risk of motor vehicle accidents, needle-stick injuries and exposure to blood-borne pathogens and depression in medical residents. It also exposes their patients to an increased risk of medical errors, sometimes leading to patient injuries and deaths.
Together, the trials involved nearly 190 hospitals or residency training programs throughout the country, including such prestigious institutions as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Duke University Hospital, Emory University, George Washington University, Johns Hopkins University, Tufts University School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania. Several hundred residents were enrolled in the experimental groups for the trials, and thousands of patients potentially could be impacted.
Are Patient Death Rates Higher?
The primary goal of the two trials is to determine whether the rates of death and serious complications for the patients unwittingly included in the trials at the hospitals where first-year residents are working significantly longer shifts than permitted under current ACGME rules (the experimental group) are higher than the rates of death and serious complications in patients enrolled at hospitals where residents' work shifts comply with the ACGME limit of 16 consecutive hours (the control group). The investigators have not obtained the voluntary informed consent of the medical residents or their patients.
The ACGME's awareness of the known harm caused by excessively long work hours led it in 2011 to tighten restrictions on resident physicians' work hours, including limiting shifts for first-year residents to a maximum of 16 hours.
The Individualized Comparative Effectiveness of Models Optimizing Patient Safety and Resident Education (iCOMPARE) trial, which started on July 1 and is ongoing, involves internal medicine residents at 63 institutions. The Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) trial, which ran from July 1, 2014, until June 30, 2015, took place at approximately 159 hospitals and involved general surgery residents.
According to Public Citizen and AMSA, both trials are highly unethical and fail to comply with key requirements of HHS regulations for protecting human subjects. The researchers for both trials are knowingly exposing both first-year residents and their patients to increased risks of avoidable serious harms, including medical errors and death for patients. The potential harm outweighs any possible benefits of the research, according to Public Citizen.
Public Citizen and AMSA believe that flaws in how the studies were designed and conducted make the trials are susceptible to substantial bias. As a result of these flaws, the trials may not be capable of detecting any effect of the dangerously long shifts on the rates of death and complications among experimental group patients.
Public Citizen and AMSA are calling on OHRP to investigate both trials and sanction all the institutions that ran them. They also are urging OHRP to immediately suspend the iCOMPARE trial.
According to a recent media report, the University of Pennsylvania's institutional review board (IRB) – the designated lead IRB that reviewed and approved the iCOMPARE trial – incorrectly found that the trial involves only "minimal" risk and waived the requirements for obtaining informed consent for all subjects.
In the FIRST trial, the IRB at Northwestern University, the lead institution for that trial, determined that the FIRST trial did "not constitute research with human subjects" and, therefore, that IRB review and approval was not required. As a result, there was no opportunity for the IRB to discuss the risks of the research and the need for obtaining the voluntary informed consent of both the medical residents and their patients.
What's the Reason for the Studies?
Even though the FIRST trial ended on June 30, the ACGME waivers for the trial remain in effect until June 2016, allowing hospitals assigned to the experimental group in that trial to continue forcing first-year residents to work the longer shifts for a full year after the trial ended. Similarly, the ACGME waivers for the iCOMPARE trial extend at least one year – and perhaps three years – after the scheduled end of that trial.
"The FIRST researchers have been very transparent about their underlying agenda in conducting this unacceptable research: to have the ACGME rescind its 2011 work-hour requirements that placed more restrictive limits on maximum shift duration and minimum time off between scheduled work hours for all residents, but particularly those affecting first-year residents," said Dr. Sidney Wolfe, founder and senior adviser to Public Citizen's Health Research Group.
According to a 2010 survey of the general public, 81 percent of the 1,200 respondents believe that patients should be informed if a treating resident physician has been working for more than 24 hours, and 80 percent would then want a different doctor caring for them.


Sabrina was commissioned during the Edinburgh Fringe to write a short play by the Traverse Theatre. Presented script-in-hand the series encourages writers to create a piece that they would otherwise never consider developing.
Clean follows three female criminals in London who carry out 'victimless' crimes. When they are brought together by the owner of a club and forced to undertake a joint mission they must learn to work together as a team.
In terms of sheer formal excitement though, it was Clean... that really began to rattle the cage a bit.


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Inspiring Latina | Melinda Guzman
httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osxFW1hdwWc
In this segment from Hispanic Lifestyle program number 144, the California State University Board of Trustee member talks about Latinos and Education.
About Melinda Guzman
Melinda Guzman
Melinda Guzman is a partner of the law firm of Goldsberry Freeman Guzman & Ditora, LLP. Ms. Guzman is a former partner of Diepenbrock, Wulff, Plant & Hannegan, LLP, where she became the first Latina to be named partner in a majority owned firm in Sacramento and in most of Northern California. Ms. Guzman's practice focuses on tort, labor, insurance, and commercial matters. She has significant experience representing private and non-profit corporations, foundations, several media interests (radio, television and print media), venture capital firms (in acquisitions, financing, and collections), employment matters, insurance, and other business areas.
Ms. Guzman was appointed by Governor Gray Davis to serve as a member of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges and served until November 2003. Ms. Guzman is also General Counsel of the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and Chairwoman of the California Hispanic Chambers of Commerce and a Past President of the Sacramento Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.
Ms. Guzman serves on the Board of Directors of Pac-West Telecomm, Inc., one of the largest competitive local exchange carriers headquartered in California. She also serves as Chair of the Nehemiah Corporation of America, one of the nation's largest down payment assistance programs for new home buyers, and as a member of the Board of Trustees for the U.C. Davis Foundation. She has served on the Board of Directors for the Make A Wish Foundation and the Davis Community Television Board of Directors from 1990 to 1995, and served as its President in 1995. Ms. Guzman provides on-air talent for DCTV productions, including Davis Dialogue, and has provided commentary for DCTV's campaign coverage. She has also served on the Comstock's Club and KVIE Channel 6 Board of Directors where she chaired the Community Advisory Board and serves as talent for special on-air productions.
Ms. Guzman is also a member of the Sacramento County Bar Association; State Bar of California (Member: California Minority Counsel Program; Former Member: Executive Committee, Law Practice Management Section); La Raza National Lawyers Association (Vice President, 1989); and Women Lawyers of Sacramento (former Board member).
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We all like to wake up in the morning with our eyes looking naturally fresh and beautiful – but often our lifestyles won't allow it. Whether it's work, kids or a hectic social life that's keeping you busy, being constantly on the go can take its toll on your eyes, and after a while they can become dry, red and puffy.
We're all familiar with the phrase 'beauty sleep' – but there is some truth in it. Busy lifestyles - and the occasional Netflix binge - mean many of us struggle to get to bed early, and if we don't get enough rest, we risk waking up with bloodshot eyes and bags. According to the NHS, most adults need six to nine hours of sleep every night, so if you think you're getting less than this, it may be time to reassess your nighttime routine.
One of the main things you should do is make your bedroom sleep-friendly, keeping it quiet, tidy, dark and cool (between 18C and 24C). The NHS further recommends winding down before getting into bed, whether that's by reading, having a hot bath or putting on some relaxing music. Optrex's Warming Eye Mask is another great way to soothe your tired eyes. With Microsteam™ technology, the mask warms instantly when it's opened, releasing a gentle, soothing heat to relax and relieve tired eyes. Find out more about how to equip your eyes for modern life here.
A nutritious, balanced diet is important for all aspects of health – including our eyes. According to the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB), there is some evidence that a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables may help to keep eyes healthy and fresh.
Cutting down on drinks, such as alcohol and coffee, could also help to ward off puffiness in the mornings. Both types of these drinks can interfere heavily with our sleep, in turn giving us red and sore eyes for the rest of the next day. Try to drink your last cup of coffee well before bedtime to make sure you're prepped for sleep, and reduce the amount of alcohol you consume when out with friends. The NHS advises against drinking more than 14 units of alcohol spread over a week.
Getting bright and beautiful eyes doesn't have to cost you – there are a few ways you can achieve natural freshness with things you'd find around the house.
Cold cucumber slices, for example, are great for refreshing puffy eyes, the antioxidants helping to soothe and reduce irritation. Take the slices and apply them directly onto closed eyelids, keeping them there for three minutes at a time before replacing with fresh ones. Not got a cucumber to hand? Try chilled chamomile tea bags over closed eyes.
Another way to cool tired and irritated eyes and help to make them look beautiful again is by using a cold compress underneath each eye to reduce puffiness. This is a great way for anyone after a quick fix in the morning to use when you wake up. If you're still struggling to achieve that brightness in your eye, try a product such as Optrex's Brightening Drops. It contains natural plant extracts and gently revives the brightness of your eyes, for extra whiteness and dazzling results.
Look as far up as possible, keeping your head still, then as far down as possible and to each side. Repeat four times.
Gently massage the skin around your eyes, then close your eyes and massage your eyelids (without pressing down too hard). This can help to improve blood circulation.
Find out more about eye exercises.


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Female Underground
Date: 27 October 1998 | Season: Underground America
Tuesday 27 October 1998, at 6:30pm
London Barbican Cinema
The underground was not solely a male domain. Mary Ellen Bute was an early pioneer of abstract film. Marie Menken and Shirley Clarke were two of the most important new filmmakers to emerge in the late 1950s and remain respected film artists to this day. In the early 1960s the female filmmakers made some of the most erotic and personal films – Fuses and the double projection piece Christmas On Earth are unique expressions, and Naomi Levine's Yes is a rare and beautiful pastorale. Joyce Wieland and Gunvor Nelson were both married to filmmakers but were artists of merit in their own right. In 1933 and Sailboat, Wieland shows she was one of the first people to make Structural films.
Mary Ellen Bute, Mood Contrasts, 1954, 7 min
Marie Menken, Hurry, Hurry, 1957, 3 min
Shirley Clarke, Bridges Go Round, 1958, 7 min
Naomi Levine, Yes, 1963, 24 min
Barbara Rubin, Christmas On Earth (double screen), 1963, 31 min
Carolee Schneemann, Fuses, 1964-68, 22 min
Joyce Wieland, 1933, 1967, 5 min
Joyce Wieland, Sailboat, 1967, 5 min
Gunvor Nelson, My Name Is Oona, 1969, 10 min
Mary Ellen Bute was one of the pioneers of experimental filmmaking and began to work in this area in 1936 with Rhythm In Light. She is said to have been the first American to make abstract films. Her early films were made in collaboration with her husband Ted Nemeth, and most are animated interpretations of classical music compositions. Many of her abstract works were bought by Radio City Music Hall and used as pre-feature entertainment. In the early 1950s Bute became the first filmmaker anywhere to use electronically generated images which were photographed off a cathode ray oscilloscope. Before she discovered the oscilloscope, each of her animated films, just 6-9 minutes long, required making 7000 photographs. Mood Contrasts (1954) is her most complex collage of animation and special effects. Two years later she made a life action short The Boy Who Saw Through (1956) and then spent the next decade working on a feature length version of Finnegan's Wake (1964-65).
MOOD CONTRASTS
Mary Ellen Bute, USA, 1954, 16mm, colour, sound, 7 min
"For years I have tried to find a method for controlling a source of light to produce images in rhythm. I wanted to manipulate light to produce visual compositions in time continuity much as a musician manipulates sound to produce music. It was particularly while I listened to music that I felt an overwhelming urge to translate my reactions and ideas into a visual form that would have the ordered sequence of music. I worked towards simulating this continuity in my paintings. Painting was not flexible enough and too confined within its frame." (Mary Ellen Bute writing in Films In Review, 1954)
Marie Menken was the grande dame of the New York experimental film scene. She was a painter who developed a unique style of visual poetry. Her first personal film was Visual Variations On Noguchi (1945) and she went on to build a substantial catalogue including Notebook (1962-63) and Go Go Go (1963). Hurry, Hurry (1957) combines microscopic footage of spermatozoa with a superimposition of flames. Marie died in 1970 after years of being an alcoholic, four days later her husband Willard Maas died of a broken heart.
HURRY, HURRY
Marie Menken, USA, 1957, 16mm, colour, sound, 3 min
"Hurry, Hurry she always referred to as her own favourite. It can be interpreted, on one level, as a portrait of Willard's life – the tragedy of Willard running from one gay bar to another trying to find a progenitive life for himself; and, like the spermatozoa, gradually dying out for lack of an egg. When, in his interview with Marie, P. Adams Sitney asked why she had once referred to this film as her saddest, she said, "Mighty sad when the sperm only seeks the sperm because it cannot find an egg – and then what? It collapses in death … And see that film to see what death is really like, at the beginning – we know the fanfare, and at the end of life – what resignation."" (Stan Brakhage on Marie Menken in his book Film At Wit's End, 1989)
Shirley Clarke was another notable activist in the New York film community and was a key figure in the development of the independent feature film. Her work in cinema began with a series of dance poems including Dance In The Sun (1953), In Paris Parks (1954) and Moment In Love (1957). In 1960, Clarke was one of the founder members of the New America Cinema Group and in 1967 was one of the organisers of the Film-Makers' Distribution Centre, an attempt to form a more commercial branch of the Cooperative. Throughout the 1960s she made three important feature films – The Connection (1960) The Cool World (1963) and Portrait Of Jason (1967), before concentrating first on Super-8 and later on video for her work in the 1970s. Bridges Go Round (1958) consists of shots of immobile New York bridges choreographically printed and edited in a way that makes them appear to dance. The film is presented in two forms, one with an electronic soundtrack by Louis and Bebe Barron, and one with a jazz score by Teo Macero.
BRIDGES GO ROUND
Shirley Clarke, USA, 1958, 16mm, colour, sound, 7 min
"By my standards, Miss Clarke's picture, an eerie close-up of the metropolitan bridges, is extraordinary. A film that captures the bizarre magic of man-made spans with the movement of a lightning clap and with the same terrible beauty." (Howard Thompson on Bridges Go Round in the New York Times)
Naomi Levine is a legendary character in the history of underground film. She appears in a number of classics including Andy Warhol's Tarzan And Jane Regained … Sort Of (1963) and Kiss (1963-64), Jack Smith's Normal Love (1963) and Jonas Mekas' Walden (1964-68). Mekas has been a constant defender of her work, particularly Yes (1963) and Jeremelu (1965). Naomi continued to make films until 1972, but unfortunately her involvement with drugs heightened her mental instability and she has been in and out of Bellevue and similar institutions since the late 1960's.
Naomi Levine, USA, 1963, 16mm, b/w, sound, 24 min
"Naomi Levine has just finished her first movie. It is like no other movie you ever saw. The rich sensuousness of her poetry floods the screen. Nobody has ever photographed flowers and children as Naomi did. No man would ever be able to get her poetry, her movements, her dreams. These are Naomi's dreams, and they reveal to us the beauty which we were not able to rip out of ourselves – Naomi's own beauty." (Jonas Mekas on Yes, Village Voice Movie Journal, 1963)
The incredible Christmas On Earth (1963) was made by Barbara Rubin when she was only 18 years old. The film is a surreal abstraction of the sexual activities of two couples (including Gerard Malanga and Naomi Levine). The randomness of the shooting style is continued in the unique presentation of the work in which two reels are superimposed and overlaid with coloured filters by the projectionist, and each reel may be shown upside down or back to front. For many years Rubin refused to make a print and rented out the original camera materials until the film was restored by Anthology Film Archives in the early 1970s. Rubin subsequently made two further films (shot mainly in London) before becoming deeply involved in religion.
CHRISTMAS ON EARTH
Barbara Rubin, USA, 1963, 16mm, b/w, sound-on-tape, 31 min
"A woman, a man; the black of the pubic hair; the cunt's moon mountains and canyons. As the film goes on, image after image, the most private territories of the body are laid open for us, now an abstracted landscape; the first shock changes into silence, then is transposed into amazement. We have seldom seen such down-to-earth beauty, so real as only a terrible beauty can be: terrible beauty that man, that woman is, that Love is." (Jonas Mekas writing about Christmas On Earth in the East Side Review)
Carolee Schneemann is an internationally renowned artist and performer who's major film work is an Autobiographical Trilogy consisting of Fuses (1964-68) Plumb Line (1971) and Kitch's Last Meal (1973-78). Fuses became a cause célèbre because of its frank portrayal of the sexual relationship between Schneemann and the composer James Tenney. As in her artworks, Schneemann manually worked directly on the film to create a multi-layered, deeply personal masterpiece.
Carolee Schneemann, USA, 1964-68, 16mm, colour, silent, 22 min
"The first explicit feminist erotic film confronting traditional sexual taboos. An homage to a relationship of ten years, filmed by Schneemann while participating in the action. A film which breaks the barriers between private and public subject matter. From her background as a painter Schneemann was free to explore the physical-visual context of sexuality as well as the nature of film as material substance. Fuses is structured in rhythmic layers of collaged imagery; hand-painting to intensify colour sequences, cutting, staining, overlapping durations of A and B rolls." (Carolee Schneemann, New York Film-Makers' Cooperative Catalogue #7, 1989)
Joyce Wieland was a Canadian filmmaker who lived in the United States for many years and created her most important works there. Two of her earliest films, 1933 and Sailboat (both 1967) point towards the approach the Structural filmmakers adopted in the 1970s. 1933 is a formal shot of a street scene viewed through a window and Sailboat appears to be a loop of a single boat crossing the field of vision (it is not), both use the title superimposed over the image. Wieland made many other highly respected films including the satirical Rat Life And Diet In North America (1968), in which all the characters are played by animals, depicting political and economic repression in the USA and liberation in Canada. She was married to Michael Snow and they worked together on several films.
Joyce Wieland, Canada-USA, 1967, 16mm, b/w, sound, 5 min
"1933. The year? The title? Was it (the film) made then? It's a memory! (ie. a film). No, it's many memories. It's so sad and funny: the departed, departing people, cars, street ! It hurries. It's gone, it's back! It's the only glimpse we have but we can have it again. The film (of 1933?) was made in 1967. You find out, if you didn't already know, how naming tints pure vision." (Michael Snow on 1933, New York Film-Makers' Cooperative Catalogue #5, 1971)
Joyce Wieland, Canada-USA, 1967, 16mm, colour, sound, 5 min
"Sailboat has the simplicity of a child's drawing. A toy-like image of a sailboat sails, without interruption on the water, to the sound of roaring waves, which seem to underline the image to the point of exaggeration, somewhat in the way a child might draw a picture of water and write word-sounds on it to make it as emphatic as possible." (Robert Cowan on Joyce Wieland in Take One magazine)
Gunvor Nelson was born in Sweden and emigrated to the USA in 1953 where she concentrated on painting and married Robert Nelson in 1958. Her first film Schmeerguntz (1967) was made in collaboration with Dorothy Wiley. Nelson continues to be a prolific filmmaker and her most successful works include Take Off (1972), Moon's Pool (1972) and Frame Line (1983). My Name Is Oona (1969) is a kaleidoscopic portrait of her daughter. On the soundtrack Oona repeats her name, and manipulated by Steve Reich it becomes a magical incantation.
MY NAME IS OONA
Gunvor Nelson, Sweden-USA, 1969, 16mm, b/w, sound, 10 min
"My Name Is Oona captures in haunting, intensely lyrical images, fragments of the coming to consciousness of a child girl. A series of extremely brief flashes of her moving through a night-lit space or woods in sensuous negative, separated by rapid fades into blackness, burst upon upon us like a fairy-tale princess, with a late sun only partially outlining her and the animal in silvery filigree against the encroaching darkness; one of the most perfect recent examples of poetic cinema." (Amos Vogel in the Village Voice, 1969)


This conference organised jointly by the RSA and RESEC (Research in Specialist & Elderly Care) and will look at what needs to be done to make sure old age is an opportunity and not a burden.
Please join us to share your experience and help us ensure Devon meets the needs of its growing number of older citizens by harnessing their talents, helping them to help themselves, developing better designed services and encouraging our communities to take positive action.
To ensure much more coordination of national and local government, voluntary, faith and community groups to end duplication, concentrate resources, give priority to prevention and combat resistance to change.
To ask communities to produce a local vision of how the needs of older citizens can be met.
To require health and social care agencies to act on the presumption that frail older people are not admitted to acute hospitals with "hospital at home" as the community alternative. There should be a redirection of funding to provide adequate community nursing and social care.
To give priority to tackling social isolation by developing innovative ideas which can be developed and then be taken out to lonely older people in their homes.
To encourage housing and social care agencies to work together to ensure older people can access suitable housing with advice and assistance easily available to help people "downsize" to accessible, sustainable and cheaper-to-run accommodation.
To publicise and develop web sites to allow older people to find opportunities for employment and voluntary work using their experience and expertise.
To recognise the crucial role of volunteering and the major role played by older people, and the consequent need for adequate support including the importance, particularly in rural Devon, of access to transport.


text:
Nkabiru gombe history books pdf
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Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures and videos about gombe from nigeria and the world on today. The state, nicknamed the jewel in the savannah, was formed in october 1996 from part of the old bauchi state by the abacha military government. The gombe chimpanzees are probably the most famous group of wild animals in history, having been observed and chronicled for more than 50 years. In honor of the field sites 50th anniversary, stc is proud to release jane goodall. The state is made up of eleven 11 local government areas lgas, with gombe city as the capital. Jane goodalls wild chimpanzees gombe stream national. A fantastic addition to your little ones free bed time story collection. With the ghosts of gombe, dale peterson has attempted to do the same for the people who made her research possible. Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity. Jane goodall a reading az level i leveled book word count. Book history conforms to the green model of open access.
The second book of enoch human voice, readalong version. The population according to 2006 census is 2,353,879, with a density of 5 persons per k2. Cameroon ekop gombe cameroon gombe ivory coast broutou gabon angok liberia bondu sierra leone timba. Authors can archive the final manuscript preprint and or postprint versions, not the published pdf on. Temu, editors and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Jan hankali ga professor ibrahim maqaryyan hakika muhadhara. Ebook indonesia download gratis ebook, komik, majalah, novel dan buku terbaru dalam format pdf bahasa indonesia. Kining maong panid sa pagklaro nagtala sa mga artikulo nga may samang titulo. Jane goodall is a british ethologist known for her intense studies of chimpanzees in the wilds of africa. Gombe, town and traditional emirate, central gombe state, northeastern nigeria. The city is the headquarters of the gombe emirate, a traditional state that covers most of gombe state. Roman lhstorvearliest periods of the history of romeetruscans. Gombe is the capital city of gombe state, northeastern nigeria, with an estimated population of 261,536.
Gombe definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Search the history of over 411 billion web pages on the internet. A history of tanzania by kimambo i n temu a j abebooks. We are all completely beside ourselves by karen joy fowler, half brother by kenneth oppel, in the shadow of man by jane goo. With a new format, a modern design, more than a dozen new pho. The state was created on the 1st of october 1996 from former bauchi state. As a child, jane goodall was given a stuffed chimpanzee named jubilee, and she has said her fondness for this figure started her early love of animals. Goodalls revolutionary findings about chimpanzee toolmaking and other behaviours, the gombe stream research centre is a living laboratory, home to the worlds most studied group of wild chimpanzees. This project requires help from the muslim ummah, to help you can donate your money or apply to be our agent and be sending files to us. Universal history, from the creation of the world to the beginning of. The gombe emirate was founded in 1804 during the fulani jihad by buba yero, a follower of usman dan fodio.
Indonesia ebook download ebook novel dan komik pdf. On july 12, 1969, ruth davis, a young american volunteer at dr. In some african villages, they were kept as a pet for many centuries particularly in the democratic republic of congo. When jane goodall arrived there in 1960, tanzanias gombe stream national park was just one parcel of forest amidst a vast sea of trees. The gombe state government has suspended payment of the n30,000 minimum wage following dwindling finances due to the effect of coronavirus pandemic on the economy. The history of chimpanzees january 10, 2017 by caldwell. In july 1960, jane goodall went to gombe forest in tanzania. Vachewa vanoti gombe the edge or bank of the river or lake. Dale peterson has brought to life the gombe of the late 1960s, describing the entwined lives of the chimpanzees and the people studying them. In 1976, goodall and a friend founded the jane goodall institute to support research and efforts to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. In the beginning, goodall was unaware that this event would lead to drastic changes in the group, but several years later, violence broke out. This book is the first comprehensive account of the international labour organizations 100year history.
Established in 1968, gombe is the smallest national park in tanzania, with only 20 square miles 52 km 2 of forest running along the hills of the northern. Through studies initiated by paleontologist and anthropologist louis leakey and carried out by primatologist jane goodall, people worldwide know some of the names and stories of the gombe chimpanzees. Jane goodalls fans and followers will love these stories and photos of chimpanzee children living in the gombe national park this heartwarming book is filled with photos of many of the chimpanzee babies, toddlers, and young adults that live in the gombe national park in tanzania, where the jane goodall research center of is located. Gombe national parksafaris to tanzania,tanzania primate. Gombe brief history gombe state was created in october 1996 out of bauchi state. Goodalls life, her studies of chimpanzee behavior, and her unflagging efforts to motivate people to make this world a better place. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Pdf tangale history and culture johannes harnischfeger. Three largeformat books followed, circle of life, african odyssey, and serengeti spy, as well as a feature in wildlife. Welcome to gombe national park holidays and discover the best time and places to visit while in tanzania for a safari holiday, get facts and first hand information to learn more about the tanzanian national parks for primates and wildlife adventure. It has by no small means played a key role in the propagation of the teachings and practice of islam. Hikayat e saadi by ibn e ali sheikh saadi hikayat e saadi book contains the biography, life story of ibn e ali. What i learned in my years of research at gombe inspired and enriched me.
The kasakela chimpanzee community, featured in several books and documentaries, lives in gombe stream national park. In her 26 years in the forests of gombe, jane goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing a. On shona culture with emphasis on socialization and education of boys and girls, marriage, death and burial rites, inheritance, system of justice, and religious beliefs. Abubakar gumi 19221992 was an outspoken islamic scholar and grand khadi of the northern region of nigeria 19621967, a position which made him a central authority in the interpretation of the sharia legal system in the region. The following publications provide an overview of unicefs history pdf format.
The worlds top photographers and the stories behind their greatest images. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. Gombe stream national park simple english wikipedia, the. Anups first of many assignments for national geographic was a story on the gombe chimpanzees in 2003. While others thought jane would be terrified by the toy, she adored it and it inspired a lifelong love of animals in her. Through the publication of her books and articles, and the attentions she has received from the scientific community, jane tells the world how amazing these wild creatures are, and how they need to be preserved for the future. Open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Gombe stream national park is a national park in northwestern tanzania it borders on lake tanganyika, and is just south of the border with burundi. Gombe hotels map is available on the target page linked above. Aug 31, 2017 the chimpanzee conflict in gombe that became known as the gombe chimpanzee war probably began in 1971, when the alfa male leader of the gombe chimpanzee group died.
Gombe rerwizi kana mahombekombe shore, the land along the edge of a sea, lake, broad river, etc. Gombe junior school follows the guidelines of the national curricullum development centre and employes teaching methods required to succeed in such a system. This place is situated in gombe, bauchi, nigeria, its geographical coordinates are 10 17 22 north, 11 10 18 east and its original name with diacritics is gombe. Federal university of kashere education for global. Apr 06, 2018 on july 12, 1969, ruth davis, a young american volunteer at dr. The history of the book became an acknowledged academic discipline in the 1980s, contributors to the discipline include specialists from the fields of textual. Read how a little girl makes chores fun and easy to do. Jane goodall has spent a lifetime trying to understand the behaviors and relationships of the apes in tanzania. Accessible only by boat, the park is most famous as the location where jane goodall pioneered her behavioral research conducted on the chimpanzee populations. Gombe news latest breaking stories and top headlines today.
The jane goodall institute of canada acknowledges that the land upon which our office operates has been the site of human activity for 15,000 years and is the traditional territory of the huronwendat and petun first nations, the seneca and most recently, the mississaugas of the new credit. Gombe stream research centre founded to advance dr. Six days later, her body was found floating in a pool at the base of a high waterfall. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. For more than 100 years, the africans already have contact with the chimpanzees unlike with other races. Patriotic history was unequivocally patriarchal so.
The emirate headquarters of gambe was established about 1824 and renamed gombe aba old gombe in. Kon ang usa ka internal nga sumpay ang midala kanimo dinhi, palihog tabangi kami sa pagugmad sa wikipedya pinaagi sa pagedit aron modiretso sa target nga artikulo ang maong sumpay. Samuel has 58 quotes liked quotes by marilyn monroe, oscar wilde, albert einstein, bernard m. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Gombe emirate was founded in 1804 by buba yero abubakar, a follower of the muslim fulani leader usman dan fodio. This 14 day adventure through uganda includes visits to jane goodall institute programs, get. The ghosts of gombe by dale peterson hardcover university. Deuteronomy and the historical books had long been recognized. Atlantic ocean indian ocean africa europe tanzania gombe forest jane goodall level i. The boundaries of the state roughly correspond to those of the tangalewaja chiefdom and gombe emirate, a traditional state. Seen through the window jane goodall opens up for us, the saga of the wild chimpanzees is as captivating as the story of any human community. Complete ramadan tafsir 143420 yola sheikh kabir haruna gombe part 1 s. It is among the early recipients of islamic culture and teachings, in the wake of the islamic jihad of the 1800s.
The school is well resourced allowing the children to learn by means of investigation, experimentation, and practical involvement. History nonfiction on july 12, 1969, ruth davis, a young american volunteer at dr. Together with our partner raw africa ecotours, we are offering a trip of a lifetime. Gombe archives the jane goodall institute australia. Wizara ya elimu, historical association of tanzania snippet view 1969. Peterson has written an engaging and thoughtful account of a littleknown period of gombe history. Published for the historical association of tanzania by kimambo, i. Sep 01, 2014 jane goodalls fans and followers will love these stories and photos of chimpanzee children living in the gombe national park this heartwarming book is filled with photos of many of the chimpanzee babies, toddlers, and young adults that live in the gombe national park in tanzania, where the jane goodall research center of is located. An early interest in african wild animals and the opportunity, at age 18, to stay on a friends farm in kenya, led her to dr. Archive from category gombe see chimps and gorillas in this african tour supporting the jane goodall institute. Jane goodall leveled book a reading az level i leveled. Welcome to darulfikr free and public islamic data bank. Since finishing the chimpanzees of gombe, goodall has devoted herself to writing, speaking, and fundraising to support the study and protection of chimpanzees and other wild animals.
Jane watched the chimps from far away until they began to trust her. Adobe reader software is required to download pdf files. Gombe has been a citadel of learning from early times. An analysis of publications and their impact on teaching science article pdf available in human evolution 102. Quotes samuel gombe nairobi, 05, kenya showing of 58. It is the similarities between these two endeavors that make his book a worthwhile read. Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity heritage library childrens library.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. See gombe photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of gombe in nigeria. The ghosts of gombe by dale peterson overdrive rakuten. Jane goodall, 1934 jane goodall, a wellrespected english zoologist, is famous for her fieldwork with chimpanzees in africa. In her 26 years in the forests of gombe manhattan prep.
The regional capital of western tanganyika, kigoma, is 10 miles 20 km south of gombe. Inspired by a stuffed toy, jane goodall became the first woman to study chips in the wild and in the process made history. Finance plus is one of the worlds leading financial consulting firms. I hope that your journey through this website and the street view imagery takes you on a similar voyage of learning and discovery.
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Mathieu GAILLARD
Interview about 3D Crop Modeling
On August 10, 2021, the Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment released an interview about my research. You can find it here: Mathieu Gaillard: A Bright Future for 3D Crop Models
Content of the interview
The architecture of a plant's organs, such as leaves, stems, roots, and buds, plays a significant role in its growth and productivity. Even within a single species like sorghum, architectural differences due to genetic variation are common. Like many other genetic traits, crop architecture is something researchers strive to optimize in order to create crop varieties that produce more food, use resources more efficiently, and are more resilient to changing environments. A crucial step in this process is determining which genes correspond to a species' architectural traits.
Mathieu Gaillard, a member of iSEE's Crops in silico (Cis) team and Ph.D. student at Purdue University, is using his expertise in computer graphics to develop algorithms that can generate a 3D approximation of a plant's architecture from several pictures of the plant from different angles. These 3D approximations, in turn, provide valuable phenotypic data, which can be used to map genes to the architectural traits they correspond with.
Gaillard is from France, where he earned an Engineer's degree at INSA Lyon. He went on to complete a double master's degree at INSA Lyon and the University of Passau in Germany. At the time, his research transitioned into the realm of computer graphics, which he found to be a good fit. In 2018, he came to the United States to pursue a Ph.D. in Computer Graphics at Purdue, where he initially researched procedural generation of 3D terrains. In 2019, he began working on inverse procedural modeling of 3D plant models.
His team has collaborators at the Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln — who have access to a phenotyping facility. There, they grow plants in their greenhouse under controlled conditions (light, humidity, CO2, genotype), and every day, the plants are briefly moved to an imaging chamber where pictures are taken of each individual plant from several angles. Thus, the Nebraska researchers have a huge amount of data about the canopy architecture of the plants, and they needed a way to analyze it all. Traditionally, you could have someone look at the pictures one by one and analyze each by hand, counting leaves and measuring angles, but with so much data, this quickly becomes a task too great for one person to do by hand.
Gaillard offers a solution in the form of an algorithm that not only generates a virtual 3D reconstruction of each plant, but also extrapolates plant physiology data from plant images. The team validated these 3D reconstructions via genome association study.
"We measured a couple traits," Gaillard said. "Things like volume, mass, and shadow area. I would provide the measurements, and our collaborators in Nebraska would make the association between the genome and the measurements. They found which genes in sorghum control light interception efficiency, and we published a paper about that."
These initial 3D reconstructions did not differentiate between different plant organs, so the next step was to segment the 3D model. Gaillard developed an algorithm that converts the 3D reconstruction into a 3D skeleton, which segments the plant into distinct parts — leaves, stems, branches, and roots. This segmentation is so important because it gives the team access to data like the number and angle of leaves on each plant. Two different types of angles are relevant: the vertical angle between a leaf and stem; and the rotational angle between two leaves on the same stem.
"Once I had the angles for hundreds of plants, I gave those data to our collaborators in Nebraska, and they were able to find genes that corresponded to differences in angles," he said. "They could even find the distribution of angles related to a gene. They could say, 'if a plant has this specific gene, then the angle of this leaf will fall within this range.' We care about this because the angles of the leaves are very important for how much sunlight the plant absorbs."
The team is now developing a simulation of sunlight on a sorghum field. Team members organize procedurally generated 3D models of sorghum plants in a virtual field and simulate incoming sunlight. This lets them generate statistics about light interception, which can be validated against data from real-world fields.
"The idea is to optimize the genotypes of the plants and how we plant them," said Gaillard. "Should they be in rows or not? How should they be spaced to maximize light interception?"
For Gaillard, no two days at work are ever the same.
"We have new goals in mind all the time," he said. "I'm often kept busy trying to implement an algorithm to measure the new traits we're interested in. When I'm not doing that, I might be optimizing and debugging what we already have. Wouldn't you know, the plants are all different, and the algorithm needs to be able to account for those differences. Sometimes I'm just inspecting the plant images, trying to determine why the algorithm might be failing."
When he's not writing new algorithms or debugging existing ones, Gaillard is also working toward developing a portable phenotyping machine.
"It would have some cameras and a turntable," he said. "The researchers in Nebraska would go out to the field in the summer, install this machine on the ground, and then they could just take a plant from the field, put it in a pot, put the pot in the machine, and then take 10 pictures or so. The pictures would be sent to a computer, where the plant is automatically reconstructed virtually. That would be very convenient and very helpful because we know that plants in the field grow differently than they do in the phenotyping facility, where environmental conditions are controlled."
The Crops in silico team brings together experts from a breadth of different fields to foster interdisciplinary collaboration. With Gaillard on the team, the future of crop modeling is looking a little brighter.
"Every time I've found myself working on something really cool in life, it's always been interdisciplinary. That's where I'm at my best. Working with this team has been a great experience – we're always learning from each other."
© 2018 Mathieu GAILLARD.


The Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center was established as part of the USDA Forest Service's program under the Healthy Forests Restoration Act, and is part of a network of early warning activities established by the Forest Service nationwide. EFETAC provides the latest research and expertise concerning threats to healthy forests - such as insects and disease, wildland loss, landscape fragmentation, invasive species, wildland fire, and climate change - to assist forest landowners, managers and scientists throughout the eastern US, nationally, and internationally.
Center staff members are located in Asheville, NC and Research Triangle Park, NC, and have regional, national, and international responsibilities.
Provide land managers with credible predictions of potential severe disturbance in the eastern US with sufficient warning to take preventative actions.
EFETAC's mission is to generate knowledge and tools needed to anticipate and respond to environmental threats. The most serious threats to forests, and the benefits they provide, inevitably involve complex factors interacting at multiple scales. Our challenge is to maintain a holistic and integrated research program to tackle these complex issues. The Center is further charged to deliver knowledge to forest landowners, managers, and scientists in a timely, useful, and user-friendly manner. The Center's mission and governance are more completely described in its original 2005 charter.


Installations are a way of incorporating the surrounding environment (from white walled galleries, to a cliff-top or public gardens) as an aspect of the work. In "The continuously expanding space..." (1999) two large mirrors and two paper panels were fitted into the existing architecture of this historic archive. "Letters of the Living" (1996) were 19 flags in a nature reserve, along a windy ridge which people walked up to.
The Gardeners, 2006, interactive projection made with Loren Roosendaal.
The Gossamer Prison, cloth hanging, 2004.
The Wedding, 2004, installation / sculpture.
An inland soul, 2003, hanging objects with soundscape.
Colonising Oxford, 2002, performances/installations in the centre of Oxford.
Parking Spaces for Important Visitors, 2002, installation / sculpture / performance.
Just pour les oiseaux (Strictly for the birds), 2001, performance / installation in Taller, France.
Dans le jardin les beaux artes, 2000, installation in Sarjeant Gallery, Wanganui.
The snails enroute, 2000, installation in the Kuala Lumpur International airport, Malaysia.
You Can Never Stand..., 2000, Bird-form bearing text.
(a collaboration between Jacqueline, Gaudi, Sen and myself).
left to right: Sonja, Tama, Toroa, Jacqueline, Sen & Gaudi working on the installation.
The Living Creature, 1999, various media with 6 other artists in a gallery in London.
Small Ones, 1999, computer prints.
Big Ones, 1998, suspended photographic transparencies.
Memorials, 1996-8, ceramic tiles and printed text.
A tangled tale, 1997, batiked cloth bearing texts in three languages, metal frame.
Ablutions, 1995-7, video projection onto a suspended cloth.
Letters of the Living 1996, 19 flags over one kilometre of sand dunes.
Mycelium, 1995, interactive computer installation.
24 images of a baby with various texts silkscreened on cloth.


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Q: Difference between convergent sequence and convergent subsequence I have been thinking about this for a while now.
Clearly if a sequence converges then also it will also have a convergent subsequence (take for example the whole sequence). However, I have been told the the opposite it not true. Could someone give an explicit example on a sequence which have a convergent subsequence but which do not converge?
Also we know that on a compact set, any bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence. Is there any criteria so that bounded sequences converges on compact set? Or more generally, is there a criteria so that if $x_n$ has a convergent subsequence then it will also converge?
Thanks.

A: You could take the sequence $a_n = (-1)^n$. What are the convergent subsequences?
It is necessary that a convergent sequence be a Cauchy sequence. Conversely, a Cauchy sequence with a converging subsequence converges.


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