text:
University of NottinghamResearchGroupsCentre of Evidence Based DermatologyOur researchRare skin conditions and othersThe Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines Study
Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology
Rare skin conditions and others
Courses and Meetings
Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics & Dermatology
The Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines (BLISTER) Study
Professor Hywel Williams discusses the results of the BLISTER trial (duration: 3mins 30sec)
Results Paper -
Lancet PublicationResults Summary - Clinician VersionResults Summary - Patient VersionResults at AAD17 - conference coverageResults - NIHR HTA Report
6 MAR 2017 - We are pleased to announce that the BLISTER study has now been published in The Lancet.
The University of Nottingham have issued a Press Release to accompany the publication of the results.
Bullous pemphigoid is a condition which results in tense, itchy blisters on the skin. In the BLISTER Study we assessed whether doxycycline (a member of the tetracycline family of antibiotics) was a useful alternative to prednisolone (a corticosteroid) for treating bullous pemphigoid.
Chief Investigator: Professor Hywel Williams, University of Nottingham
Lead Clinician: Professor Fenella Wojnarowska, University of Oxford.
The trial was run in collaboration with the Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit (NCTU), the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network (UK DCTN) and the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit (MRC CTU).
The study team would like to thank all the patients who took part in the BLISTER study and all the staff at the recruiting sites, without whom this trial would not have been possible.
1. What is bullous pemphigoid?
Bullous pemphigoid is a skin condition affecting mainly elderly people, which results in tense, itchy blisters and painful skin erosions that can affect the whole body. It is an auto-immune disease where the immune system makes antibodies against he area between the top layer of skin (epidermis) and the next layer (dermis).
2. What treatments did the BLISTER study test?
Steroid tablets are commonly used to treat bullous pemphigoid. They work quite well, but can cause very serious side effects. Antibiotic tablets are also used to treat bullous pemphigoid. They aren't thought to work as well as steroids, but their side-effects are less serious.
The BLISTER study was a randomised controlled trial which tested the antibiotic doxycycline (200 mg daily) against the steroid prednisone (0.5mg/kg/day) to see how safe the treatments are, and how well they work.
3. How many patients took part?
Fifty four UK hospitals and seven German hospitals took part in the study. In total, 253 patients were recruited into the study, 132 patients received doxycycline and 121 received prednisolone.
4. What did the studies involve?
Participants were randomly allocated (by chance) to either take doxycycline tablets or prednisolone tablets. After 6 weeks, participants could switch their treatment or change the dose of prednisone. Hospital visits happened at week 3, week 6 and then at least every 3 months for 1 year, regardless of how long participants took the study medication.
Participants knew which medication they were using, however their doctor did not. This meant that the treatment response could be assessed in an unbiased way. The treatments were assessed by (i) counting the number of blisters present after 6 weeks of treatment and (ii) looking at the side effects that occurred, and how serious they were.
5. What were the key results?
After 6 weeks of treatment, almost three-quarters (74%) of people in the doxycycline group had a good treatment response (3 or fewer blisters) compared with 91% in the prednisolone group. Over a year of treatment, 4 in 10 people experienced serious side effects who started on prednisolone compared to 2 in 10 who started on doxycyline. The results were about the same for people who had mild, moderate or severe bullous pemphigoid.
6. What do the findings of the BLISTER study mean?
Although more people starting on prednisolone had a good treatment response than those on doxycycline, they also experienced significantly more severe side effects. It should be kept in mind that although fewer participants starting on doxycycline had a good treatment response (compared to those starting on prednisone), many participants – nearly three quarters – did have a good response. Additionally, these participants did not experience as many severe, life threatening or fatal side effects. This study gives doctors and patients another option for bullous pemphigoid treatment. Doxycycline, although not quite so effective in the short term, is a significantly safer treatment in the long term.
BLISTER Study - UK Protocol
vs 1 (2008); vs 4 (2011)
BLISTER Study - Statistical Analysis Plan
BLISTER Study - Health Economic Analysis Plan
BLISTER Publications
Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Williams, Wojnarowska, Kirtschig et al. The Lancet. 2017.
A randomised controlled trial to compare the safety, effectiveness and cost effectiveness of doxycycline (200 mg/day) with oral prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) for initial treatment of bullous pemphigoid: the Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines (BLISTER) Trial. Chalmers JR, Wojnarowska F, Kirtschig G, Mason J, Childs M, Whitham D, et al. Health Technol Assess 2017;21(10)
The value of the pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary wheel in an ongoing study: the bullous pemphigoid steroids and tetracyclines study. Bratton DJ, Nunn AJ, Wojnarowska F, Kirtschig G, Sandell A, Williams HC. Trials. 2012;13:50.
When inferiority meets non-inferiority: implications for interim analyses. Bratton DJ, Williams HC, Kahan BC, Phillips PP, Nunn AJ. Clin Trials. 2012;9(5):605-609.
A randomised controlled trial to compare the safety and effectiveness of doxycycline (200 mg/day) with oral prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) for initial treatment of bullous pemphigoid: A protocol for the Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines (BLISTER) Trial. Chalmers JR, Wojnarowska F, Kirtschig G, et al. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(1):227-34.
This webpage presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) Programme (project number 06/403/51). The views and opinions expressed on this webpage are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the HTA programme, NIHR, the National Health Service or the Department of Health.
The University of Nottingham
King's Meadow Campus
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Nottingham, NG7 2NR
email:cebd@nottingham.ac.uk


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text:
\section{Introduction}
The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect \cite{Hong1987,Shih1988}, i.e., the completely destructive interference of two independent but indistinguishable photons, brought a paradigm shift to the field of quantum optics. Until the demonstration of the HOM effect the interference of independent photons was considered to be impossible. Such an interference effect manifests itself in the study of photon correlations rather than in intensity measurements. More specifically, if two single photons are sent from two different ports of a 50/50 beam splitter then the number of coincidence events at the two output ports vanishes. This follows from the fact that if two photons are indistinguishable with respect to their wavelength and polarisation and their wave packages overlap in time then the two different quantum paths interfere so that the two photons will never leave the beam splitter at different ports. If one of these parameters is changed the photons become distinguishable and the dip in the observed coincidence rate starts to disappear.

The effect is quite versatile and has been observed in a very wide class of systems. Besides systems with discrete optical elements like beam splitters it has been studied in other optical setups such as in integrated devices like evanescently coupled waveguides \cite{Politi2008,Rai2008,Bromberg2009} and coupled plasmonic systems \cite{Tame2013,Gupta2014,Martino2014,Fakonas2014}. It has also been studied in the radiation from two trapped ions \cite{Maunz2007}, atoms \cite{Gillet2010,Wiegner2010,Hofmann2012} , quantum dots \cite{Patel2010,Gold2014} and for two different kinds of sources \cite{Li2008,Laiho2009,Wiegner2010a}.

Since the original work of HOM one also has examined the kind of interference that can take place if two single photons are replaced by say two photons on each port or say by one at one port and two at the other port. Hereby one has found very interesting quantum interference effects depending on the beam splitter reflectivity \cite{Ou1999,Wang2005a,Liu2007}. Another interesting possibility occurs if $n$ photons arrive at each port of a 50/50 beam splitter - in this case the output ports never have odd numbers of photons \cite{Agarwal2012}.

In this letter we report a three photon interference effect which is in the original spirit of the HOM effect - we examine the completely destructive interference of three indistinguishable photons on a three port device. We thus shift the focus from a two port device to a three port device. This brings a key change to the underlying mathematical framework as we work with SU(3) transformations rather than SU(2) transformations. We specifically examine a three port integrated device consisting of a small array of three single mode evanescently coupled waveguides as these are relatively easy to fabricate \cite{Suzuki2006,Tanzilli2012}. Although we tailor our discussion to coupled waveguide systems the results will be applicable to a wide class of bosonic systems described by the Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:Hint}). For the three port device we have found an analytical expression for the completely destructive three photon interference. Thereby we produce a variety of two and three photon entangled states at the output ports.

Our three port network is different from the symmetric multiport beam splitter which has been extensively studied for HOM like interferences \cite{Lim2005a,Tichy2010}, as for the three port system such a splitter does not exhibit a perfect three photon HOM interference. On the other hand, Campos \cite{Campos2000} using the idea of Reck et al. \cite{Reck1994} constructed a SU(3) transformation involving beam splitters and phase shifters which leads to three photon HOM interference. Further, Tan et al. \cite{Tan2013} showed how the SU(3) transformation involving beam splitters and phase shifters can lead to perfect photon interference depending on specific values of the parameters of SU(2) transformations. While the papers of Campos \cite{Campos2000} and Tan et al. \cite{Tan2013} concentrate on configurations using beam splitters we investigate integrated devices. Such integrated devices are now used by many experimental groups. Studies of multi photon interferences in integrated devices have been reported, e.g., in \cite{Weihs1996,Politi2008,Bromberg2009,Peruzzo2011,Meany2012,Broome2013,Spring2013,Tillmann2013,Crespi2013,Chaboyer2014}. Note that the examination of multiport systems is also important in the context of Bosonic sampling \cite{Broome2013,Spring2013,Tillmann2013,Crespi2013,Tamma2014} where the output distribution of Fock input states is sampled what is exponentially hard to predict with classical computations.

While our investigated setup is similar to the experiment studied in \cite{Spagnolo2013}, which relies on a 3D geometry in order to couple all three modes to each other, we will use a more simple 2D structure, where the outer modes are coupled to the inner mode but not to each other. With the setup of \cite{Spagnolo2013} it is possible to suppress \cite{Tichy2010} states of the form $\ket{2,1,0}$, which contain two, one and zero photons in the different output modes, but the output state will still contain a $\ket{1,1,1}$-term corresponding to the coincidence detection of all three photon in the three different output modes. We will show that for a whole range of parameters of the 2D waveguide structure our system can suppress this coincidence event which corresponds to the original Hong-Ou-Mandel effect \cite{Hong1987,Shih1988} extended to three interfering photons.

\section{Model and time evolution}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics{waveguide-scheme.pdf}
	\caption{Scheme of a $3 \times 3$ waveguide array with continuous coupling between the inner mode and the outer modes}
	\label{fig:waveguide}
\end{figure}

The investigated system consists of a 2D $3 \times 3$ waveguide array (three input modes and three output modes) with continuous evanescent coupling between the inner mode and the outer modes (see Fig. \ref{fig:waveguide}). We assume identical single mode waveguides with uniform coupling throughout the waveguide array. We also assume that the waveguide mode's frequency is matched to the frequency of the input field. The coupling strength is given by the coupling coefficients $g_1$ (between the first and second mode) and $g_2$ (between the second and third mode) and is basically determined by the distance between the guides. The calculation of the coupling parameters is text book material and can be found, e.g., in \cite{Saleh2007}. Note that the coupling between the two outer modes is negligible for our geometry.

The interaction Hamiltonian for this system reads
\begin{equation}
	\op{H}_\text{int} = \hbar \left( g_1 \opa_1 \opad_2 + g_2 \opa_2 \opad_3 + g_1^* \opa_2 \opad_1  + g_2^* \opa_3 \opad_2 \right).
\label{eq:Hint}
\end{equation}\\
Each part of Eq. (\ref{eq:Hint}) stands for the annihilation of a photon in a certain mode and the creation of a photon in a neighbouring mode associated with the corresponding coupling strength $g_{1/2}$. Although $g_{1}$ and $g_{2}$ are real for waveguide systems we keep these parameters complex, since SU(3) Hamiltonians occur for many physical systems - for example $N$ identical three level atoms interacting with external fields of different phases. We further add that the Hamiltonian that we use adequately describes the investigated waveguide system although it is not the most general SU(3) Hamiltonian. The calculations can be done for the most general case, however, we will see that the Hamiltonian in Eq. (\ref{eq:Hint}) already leads to a number of very interesting interference effects by keeping the analysis more simple.

In order to analyse the time dependent evolution of the system we switch to the Heisenberg picture. To simplify the calculation we define a vector $\vec{a} = \left( \opad_1, \, \opad_2, \, \opad_3 \right)^T$ so that the time evolution is governed by
\begin{equation}
	\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}t} \vec{a}(t) = \im \underbrace{\left(\begin{matrix} 0 & g_1 & 0 \\ g^*_1 & 0 & g_2 \\ 0 & g^*_2 & 0 \end{matrix} \right)}_{M} \vec{a}(t),
	\label{eq:Heisenberg2}
\end{equation}
where  the interaction time $t$ is determined by the length of the waveguide. The equation can easily be solved using the exponential ansatz $V = e^{-\im M t}$, which allows to rewrite the creation operators $\opad_j(0)$ at time $t=0$ in terms of creation operators $\opad_j(t)$ at time $t$ via $\vec{a}(0) = V\cdot \vec{a}(t)$. The solution of this equation yields the explicit form of the matrix $V$
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
	V = \left(\begin{matrix}  \cos^2 (\theta) \cos (G) + \sin^2 (\theta) &  -\im \cos (\theta) \sin (G) \, e^{\im \psi} & \cos (\theta) \sin (\theta) e^{\im (\varphi + \psi)} \left( \cos (G) - 1 \right) \\  -\im \cos (\theta) \sin (G) e^{-\im \psi} &  \cos (G) &  -\im \sin (\theta) \sin (G) e^{\im \varphi} \\   \cos (\theta) \sin (\theta) e^{-\im (\varphi + \psi)} \left( \cos (G) - 1 \right) & -\im \sin (\theta) \sin (G) e^{-\im \varphi} &  \sin^2 (\theta) \cos (G) + \cos^2 (\theta) \end{matrix} \right).
	\label{eq:Uexpl}
\end{equation}
\end{widetext}
where $g_1 \cdot t = G \, \cos (\theta) \, e^{\im \psi}$ and $g_2 \cdot t = G \, \sin (\theta) \, e^{\im \varphi}$. From this expression it is easy to see  that the evolution given by $V$ is periodic with respect to $G$ and $\theta$. The periodicity in $\theta$ arises due to the change to polar coordinates while the periodicity in $G$ is linked to the interpretation of $G$ as overall scaling factor, i.e., for example to variations of the interaction lengths of the waveguide array. Specifically, for $G=\sqrt{\left|g_1\right|^2+\left|g_2\right|^2} \cdot t=2\pi \cdot m$, with $m \in \mathbb{N}$, we get $\sin(G)=0$ and $\cos(G)=1$, so that $V$ reduces to the identity matrix. This means that the system returns to its initial state, what is also known as self-imaging or revivals of multi mode interferences \cite{Heaton1999, Poem2011}. Note that, as expected, the transformation $V$ is unitary - this is because we are considering a lossless device.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{quantumpaths.pdf}
	\caption{Three examples for different indistinguishable quantum paths leading to the same output state $\ket{300}$ in (a), $\ket{021}$ in (b) and $\ket{111}$ in (c)}
	\label{fig:qpaths}
\end{figure}

\section{Three single photon input}
Next we focus on an input state where at each input port a single photon is coupled into the waveguide at $t=0$. The wave function of this state is given by	$\ket{\psi_\text{in}} = \opad_1 (0) \opad_2 (0) \opad_3 (0) \ket{0}$. Via the transformation matrix $V$ we can easily calculate the general form of the output state
\begin{equation}
	\ket{\psi_\text{out}} =\sum_{l=1}^{3} V_{1l} \opd{a}_l(t) \cdot \sum_{m=1}^{3} V_{2m} \opd{a}_m(t) \cdot \sum_{n=1}^{3} V_{3n} \opd{a}_n(t) \ket{0},
	\label{eq:Ouput}
\end{equation}
where $V_{mn}$ is the matrix element in the $m$th row and the $n$th column of $V$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Uexpl}). As the transformation matrix $V$ only acts on the creation operators of the three different modes  in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Ouput}) a vacuum state is not transformed by the time evolution governed by the Hamiltonian of Eq.~(\ref{eq:Hint}). The general output state is a superposition of all possible distributions of the three photons among the three output modes with respective coefficients depending on the explicit form of $V$. The general form of the output state reads
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	\ket{\psi_\text{out}} = &c_{300} \ket{3,0,0} +  c_{030} \ket{0,3,0} +\ldots \\ + &c_{210} \ket{2,1,0} + \ldots + c_{111} \ket{1,1,1},
	\label{eq:GenOuput}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where corresponding coefficients can be calculated by explicitly expanding Eq. (\ref{eq:Ouput}) or alternatively using a formalism for linear optical networks involving permanents \cite{Scheel2004}.

A permanent of a matrix is equal to its determinant but without the sign of the permutation taken into account. For a $N\times N$ matrix $A$ it is given by
\begin{equation}
	\perm A = \sum_{\sigma} \prod_{j=1}^N A_{j\sigma(j)},
	\label{eq:permanent}
\end{equation}
where the sum runs over all possible permutations $\sigma$ of the set $\{1,2,\ldots,N \}$.

The coefficients $c_{klm}$ of Eq. (\ref{eq:GenOuput}) can be expressed by permanents of matrices $V^{\{k,l,m\}}$, where $k$, $l$ and $m$ are the number of photons in the three output modes so that $k+l+m=3$. Hereby $V^{\{k,l,m\}}$ is a $3 \times 3$ matrix and is constructed via the transformation matrix of Eq. (\ref{eq:Uexpl}). It consists of $k$ copies of the first column of $V$, $l$ copies of the second column of $V$ and $m$ copies of the third column of $V$ \cite{Scheel2004}. Dividing the permanent of $V^{\{k,l,m\}}$ by a normalisation factor yields the final expression for the coefficients
\begin{equation}
	c_{klm}= \frac{\perm V^{\{k,l,m\}}}{\sqrt{k!l!m!}}.
	\label{eq:c_klm}
\end{equation}
One can show that the absolute value of these coefficients depends only on $G$ and $\theta$ but not on the phases  $\psi$ and $\varphi$ of the coupling coefficients $g_{1/2}$ which will only have an impact on the phases of the coefficients $c_{klm}$.

Note that Eq. (\ref{eq:c_klm}) only holds true for the input state $\ket{1,1,1}$. However, as shown in \cite{Scheel2004}, the formalism involving permanents can be expanded to arbitrary initial states by additional consideration of the rows of the transformation matrix corresponding to the input state.

The permanents can be understood as produced by the coherent superposition of indistinguishable quantum paths (excluding the normalization factor) leading to the same output state. To illustrate this we consider in the following three examples, starting with the coefficient $c_{300}$.  To calculate this coefficient, associated with the state $\ket{300}$, one first has to construct the matrix $V^{\{300\}}$ containing three copies of the first row of the transformation matrix $V$. It therefore reads
\begin{equation}
	V^{\{3,0,0\}} = \left(\begin{matrix} V_{11} & V_{11} & V_{11} \\ V_{21} & V_{21} & V_{21} \\ V_{31} & V_{31} & V_{31} \end{matrix} \right),
	\label{eq:V300}
\end{equation}
where $V_{nm}$ are the corresponding matrix elements of $V$ in Eq. (\ref{eq:Uexpl}) determined by the transition amplitude for a photon initially in mode $n$ to exit in mode $m$. From Eq.~(\ref{eq:V300}) the permanent of $V^{\{300\}}$ can be calculated yielding
\begin{equation}
	\perm V^{\{3,0,0\}} = 6 V_{11} V_{21} V_{31}.
	\label{eq:perm300}
\end{equation}
This expression corresponds to the only possible quantum path where a photon in the first mode stays in the first mode and a photon of the second mode and a photon of the third mode also exits the waveguide array in the first mode as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:qpaths}(a). As only a single quantum path appears for this coefficient no interference is observed in this case.

The calculation of any other coefficient like, e.g., $c_{021}$ for the state $\ket{0,2,1}$, follows the same structure: First one constructs the matrix $V^{\{0,2,1\}}$ by taking two copies of the second row and one copy of the third row of $V$
\begin{equation}
	V^{\{0,2,1\}} = \left(\begin{matrix} V_{12} & V_{12} & V_{13} \\ V_{22} & V_{22} & V_{23} \\ V_{32} & V_{32} & V_{33} \end{matrix} \right)
	\label{eq:V021}
\end{equation}
and then calculates its permanent, yielding in this case
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	\perm V^{\{0,2,1\}} = 2 \big(  &V_{12} V_{22} V_{33} + V_{12} V_{23} V_{32}  \\  + &V_{13} V_{22} V_{32} \big).
	\label{eq:perm021}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Now three different indistinguishable quantum paths appear which have to be added coherently as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:qpaths}(b), what leads to interference effects. The three quantum paths correspond to the three possibilities how three photons entering the waveguide array initially in three different modes  exit the array in the output state $\ket{021}$.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
		\includegraphics{c111.pdf}
	\caption{Plot of the three photon coincidence probability $\abs{c_{111}}^2$ and the HOM contour, where the condition $\abs{c_{111}}^2$=0 is fulfilled.}
	\label{fig:HOMcontour}
\end{figure}

As a last example we calculate the coefficient $c_{111}$ corresponding to a three mode coincidence event. As the matrix $V^{\{111\}}$ consists of a copy of each row it is equal to $V$ and its permanent is calculated to be
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	\perm V^{\{1,1,1\}} = &V_{11}V_{22}V_{33}+V_{12}V_{23}V_{31}+V_{13}V_{21}V_{32}  \\  + &V_{11}V_{23}V_{32}+V_{12}V_{21}V_{33}+V_{13}V_{22}V_{31} \, .
\end{split}
\label{eq:perm111}
\end{equation}
It consists of six different terms each corresponding to a different indistinguishable quantum path leading to the same final state $\ket{1,1,1}$. For example, the first term corresponds to the case where all three photons exit the waveguide in the same mode they came in, the second term corresponds to the case where the photon in the first/second/third mode switches to the second/third/first mode etc., as depicted in Fig. \ref{fig:qpaths}(c). As in the second example the multiple indistinguishable quantum paths can interfere with each other. In particular, they can interfere in a completely destructive way. This configuration will be analyzed in the next section.

\section{Three photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference}
In the following we investigate the particular situation displaying a three photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. In analogy to the original two photon Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment \cite{Hong1987,Shih1988} where two photons are never detected simultaneously at the two different output modes of a 50/50 beam splitter, the probability for all three photons leaving the waveguide at the three output ports vanishes if
\begin{equation}
	c_{111} \overset{!}{=} 0.
	\label{eq:c111HOM}
\end{equation}
 To analyse the conditions for the three photon HOM interference, we have to calculate $c_{111}$ explicitly. From Eqs.~(\ref{eq:c_klm}) and (\ref{eq:perm111}) we find
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	c_{111} = &V_{11}V_{22}V_{33}+V_{12}V_{23}V_{31}+V_{13}V_{21}V_{32}  \\  + &V_{11}V_{23}V_{32}+V_{12}V_{21}V_{33}+V_{13}V_{22}V_{31}.
\end{split}
\label{eq:c111}
\end{equation}
By inserting the expression for the various matrix elements $V_{mn}$ of Eq. (\ref{eq:Uexpl}) and solving Eq. (\ref{eq:c111HOM}) we can find an analytical expression for the HOM contour in the variable space ($G$, $\theta$), where all states $\ket{\psi_\text{out}(G,\theta)}$ have a vanishing $c_{111}$ coefficient:
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
	{\textstyle \theta (G) = n\pi \pm \arcsec \left[ 4\bigg/\sqrt{8 \pm \frac{\sqrt{2} \csc ^4\left(\frac{G}{2}\right) \sqrt{\sin ^4\left(\frac{G}{2}\right) (20 \cos (G)+3 (8 \cos (2 G)+4 \cos (3 G)+3 \cos (4 G)+5))}}{3 \cos (G)+2}}\right]}
	\label{eq:thetaG}
\end{equation}
\end{widetext}

As can be seen from Eq. (\ref{eq:thetaG}) completely destructive three photon HOM interference can take place for a large range of the parameters $g_1$ and $g_2$. Note that for some values of $G$ these equations would result in a complex valued $\theta$ and are therefore not considered as a solution. Fig. \ref{fig:HOMcontour} shows a plot of the HOM contour, displaying in particular the periodicity in $G$ and $\theta$ discussed in Sect.~2.

\section{Interesting states on the Hong-Ou-Mandel contour}
Finally we investigate the states determined by the HOM contour. In the original HOM experiment a maximally entangled state of the form $\propto \ket{2,0} - \ket{0,2}$ is produced at the output \cite{Hong1987,Shih1988}. Similar states can be found in the case of a three photon interference. Additionally to the condition $c_{111}=0$ we find that at certain points some coefficients $c_{klm}$ of Eq. (\ref{eq:GenOuput}) will vanish as well, so that further terms are suppressed. Other coefficients will have the same absolute value, so that the states can be written in a compact form. We found three different kinds of states fulfilling this condition, which display entanglement between two and possibly three output modes.

\begin{figure*}
	\centering
		\includegraphics{hom-contours.pdf}
	\caption{Plots of the HOM contour and the coordinates of the investigated states (red crosses, green dots and blue diamonds), which display bipartite entanglement (a) or possibly tripartite entanglement (b)/(c).}
	\label{fig:sysent}
\end{figure*}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:sysent}(a), where the HOM contour is shown, some coordinates are marked by points where one can find maximally bipartite entangled states. A closer investigation yields that for all these  coordinates we find states of the form
\begin{equation}
	\ket{\psi_\text{out}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \Bigl( \ket{2_j,0_k} + \ket{0_j,2_k} \Bigr) \ket{1_l}
\label{eq:ent2}
\end{equation}
with $j=1$, $k=3$ and $l=2$ at the red crosses, with $j=1$, $k=2$ and $l=3$ at the green dots and with $j=2$, $k=3$ and $l=1$ at the blue diamonds. Note that we neglected the global and relative phase factors of each state, as we just want to focus on the structure of the states (see the appendix for the exact analytical expressions for each coefficient and the corresponding coordinates). All the three states have a similar form where one mode containing one photon is separable while the remaining two modes are in a maximally entangled state. Depending on the phase $\psi / \varphi$ of the coupling coefficients $g_{1/2}$ the relative phase between the non-separable states can be varied. A closer look at the transformation matrix $V$ of Eq.~(\ref{eq:Uexpl}) reveals that in these cases the absolute values of the matrix elements are given by $\left|V_{ll}\right|=1$, $\left|V_{jk}\right|=\left|V_{kj}\right|=\left|V_{jj}\right|=\left|V_{kk}\right|=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ while all remaining matrix elements vanish. This means that the mode $l$ is decoupled from the system as the photon initially entering the waveguide array in this mode will always exit the waveguide array in the same mode. However, the modes $k$ and $j$ are mixed with a 50/50 ratio corresponding to the original two photon HOM interference effect. This can also be seen from Eq.~(\ref{eq:c111}) where under the same conditions only two of the six quantum paths survive and interfere completely destructively. For $l = 2$, the corresponding quantum paths are the two paths, one at the extreme left and the other at the extreme right, in Fig. \ref{fig:qpaths}(c). At the coordinates of the green dots (blue diamonds) it is evident that the outer mode mode $l=3$ ($l=1$) is physically decoupled since the coupling parameter $g_2$ ($g_1$) vanishes. However, at the red crosses both coupling constants $g_1$  and $g_2$ are physically present but the inner mode $l=2$ is effectively decoupled from the system and merely acts as a mediator between the outer modes. Therefore, it is more appropriate to speak of a two photon interference at these coordinates although three photons are present. The physical decoupling of modes has also been discussed in Campos \cite{Campos2000} in the context of beam splitter devices. Note that all the discussed states are created in a deterministic way so that no post selection is required.

In Figs.~\ref{fig:sysent}(b) and \ref{fig:sysent}(c) the coordinates of possible tripartite entangled states along the HOM contour are displayed. Note that we have three modes and each mode has four possible states corresponding to the occupation of 0, 1, 2 and 3 photons. We are thus dealing with higher dimensional entanglement of three qudits ($d=4$). A complete classification of the classes of entangled states for qudits ($d=4$) does not exist. However the structure of tripartite states generated for the case of Figs.~\ref{fig:sysent}(b) and \ref{fig:sysent}(c) suggests three qudit ($d=4$) entanglement. The form of the states of Fig. \ref{fig:sysent}(b) and their coordinates read
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	\ket{\psi_\text{out}}= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} &\Bigl(\ket{3_j,0_k} + \ket{0_j,3_k} \Bigr) \ket{0_l} \\
	+ \frac{1}{4} &\Bigl( \ket{2_j,1_k} + \ket{1_j,2_k} \Bigr) \ket{0_l} \\
	+ \frac{1}{2} &\Bigl( \ket{1_j,0_k} + \ket{0_j,1_k} \Bigr) \ket{2_l}
\end{split}
	\label{eq:ent31}
\end{equation}
with $j=2$, $k=3$ and $l=1$ at the red crosses, with $j=1$, $k=3$ and $l=2$ at the green dots and with $j=1$, $k=2$ and $l=3$ at the blue diamonds. The form of the wave function of the states of Fig. \ref{fig:sysent}(c) and their coordinates are given by
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
	\ket{\psi_\text{out}} = \frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}} &\Bigl( 2 \ket{3_j,0_k,0_l} + \ket{0_j,3_k,0_l} + \ket{0_j,0_k,3_l} \Bigr) \\
	+ \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} &\Bigl( \ket{1_j,0_l} + \ket{0_j,1_l} \Bigr) \ket{2_k} \\
	+ \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}} &\Bigl(\ket{1_j,0_l} + \ket{0_j,1_k} \Bigr) \ket{2_l}
\end{split}
	\label{eq:ent32}
\end{equation}
with $j=1$, $k=2$ and $l=3$ at the red crosses, with $j=2$, $k=1$ and $l=3$ at the green dots and with $j=3$, $k=1$ and $l=2$ at the blue diamonds. As before we neglected the global and relative phase factors of each state for simplicity (see the appendix for the exact analytical expressions for each coefficient and the corresponding coordinates). We have written the states in a way that a certain mode is always factored out in each term so that the entanglement between the two remaining modes is clearly visible; this suggests that the states are not separable and are good candidates for tripartite entanglement.

\section{Conclusion}
In conclusion, we investigated the dynamics of a 2D 3$\times$3 waveguide where the outer modes are coupled to the inner mode by evanescent coupling but not to each other. Beginning with three indistinguishable single photons at the three input ports we showed that for a wide range of waveguide parameters this leads to completely destructive three photon interference, i.e. for these parameters the photons will never leave the waveguide in three separate ports. This is a generalisation of the well know Hong-Ou-Mandel effect from two to three photons. Additionally, the produced output states consisting of three qudits ($d=4$) exhibit highly interesting structures displaying bipartite or possibly tripartite entanglement. Clearly the entanglement of qudits is a topic for future studies.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


February 24, 2017 Business, Community, Development, Downtown, West Palm Beach.
The Related Cos. wants to add a 25-story office tower to West Palm Beach's skyline.
The Related Cos. took its community outreach effort to the Chamber of Commerce of the Palm Beaches Thursday, part of an extended effort to overcome resistance to its proposed 25-story waterfront office tower.
The city in October rejected a plan that would have allowed the New York-based development firm to build a 30-story version of the tower, which is proposed for a site whose zoning allows a maximum of five stories. The city plan would have allowed builders to get approval for additional height by preserving and buying development rights from historic buildings, but dozens of residents opposed it, in favor of keeping tall buildings off the waterfront.
Related now is shopping a proposal for a 25-story, 275,000-square-foot tower on the site at South Flagler Drive and Lakeview Avenue, behind the First Church of Christ, Scientist.
A 200-foot reflecting pool would lead to the building from Flagler Drive, inspired by the I.M. Pei design of the Christian Science church in Boston.
Related Senior Vice President Gopal Rajegowda said the church would be preserved in perpetuity with an endowment. "We have put a perpetual conservation easement on land to the north, south and east of the church and the marina space directly to the east of the Church– so nothing can be built on that property," he said.
Downtown West Palm is starved for top quality office space, especially with water views. Business Development Board Executive Director Kelly Smallridge told the gathering of several hundred business people at the chamber breakfast that many companies want to move to West Palm but are going elsewhere because they can't find room.
Nancy Pullum, who heads development watchdog group Citizens for Thoughtful Growth, said Thursday that the city still hasn't addressed how it would handle traffic generated by the project — a major issue, as Okeechobee Boulevard traffic grows thicker by the week.


The Centre for Advanced Imaging is a highly advanced medical imaging facility and includes a cyclotron unit, used to generate radioactive isotopes for medical imaging equipment. The new structure was constructed at the Centre of the University of Queensland's St Lucia Campus, and contains several magnetic resonance imaging units, a full floor of PC2 laboratories, associated teaching and academic spaces and related facilities. It is the only facility of its type in Australia, one of only a handful in the world and houses a powerful MRI system that is more than twice as strong as any other MRI system currently available in the Southern Hemisphere. The project included the extensive refurbishment of the adjoining Gehrmann Building and also the chillers on the nearby Ritchie Building. This highly advanced project required specialist construction skills, given the very high operational standards required for cyclotrons and MRI installations. Cockram Construction's prior experience with cyclotron and advanced medical imaging projects, plus our commitment to deliver a highly skilled project team, were instrumental in reinforcing our reputation as one of a small number of contractors capable of delivering a project of this nature.


text:
Home Monkeypox 26 New Cases Of Monkeypox: Canada Gets Addressed
26 New Cases Of Monkeypox: Canada Gets Addressed
According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, there are now 26 verified instances of monkeypox in Canada, and the infection has been found in a new colony.
In a Thursday report, the PHAC said it had verified 25 cases of monkeypox in Quebec over the previous week.
Now it has verified a case of monkeypox in Ontario, the first in a state other than Quebec.
In the briefing, Dr. Howard Njoo, Deputy Chief Public Health Officer, said, "Our understanding of the virus is still changing, but I want to underscore that this is a worldwide response."
According to Toronto Public Health, one case has been verified in the city, as well as several suspicious and likely cases are being investigated.
"As the [National Microbiology Laboratory] receives samples for proper validation from numerous jurisdictions," PHAC stated in a prepared declaration Thursday evening, "it is anticipated that further cases may be recorded in the days ahead."
Nausea, muscle pain, skin irritation, swollen lymph nodes, and migraine are among the symptoms of monkeypox, a rare disease from the same group as smallpox.
Canadians should be aware of the symptoms, minimize their contact with others, and seek medical help if they get an unexplained rash, which is one of the more visible symptoms, according to Njoo.
According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), the incubation period for monkeypox is normally 6-13 days but can be as long as 21 days.
Close touch with an infectious person, usually by touch with an affected person's secretions, open sores, or huge "respiratory droplets," as well as sharing contaminated objects, Njoo explained.
He stressed that, while the risk to Canadians is now low, anyone can become infected with the virus.
Because smallpox was declared eliminated in 1980, many individuals do not receive the smallpox vaccine, which gives some protection, meaning that "the whole Canadian population is vulnerable to [monkeypox]."
"Contrary to previous media accounts, this virus does not discriminate and is not confined to sexual behavior as a mode of transmission," he explained.
Because the disease gets through intimate contact, sexual behavior is obviously included, but it's crucial to emphasize that sexual contact isn't the only way the infection spreads, and it may affect anyone — it's not limited to a specific population, according to Njoo.
"Anyone who comes into close touch with someone who has monkeypox is almost probably going to get it," Njoo said.
"It appears to be spreading in local groups at the moment."
Many of the present sick people are guys who have had sex with other men and are suspected to have gotten the virus through sexual contact with an infected person.
Officials are collaborating with community organizations to raise awareness among individuals who may be at risk right now, according to Njoo.
He went on to say that mistakenly categorizing this virus as primarily sexually transmitted or as a disease affecting only a specific group might lead to stigmatization, "misinterpretation of risks, and bad health outcomes."
They've previously sent Quebec 1,000 vials of the smallpox vaccination Imvamune from the National Emergency Strategic Stockpile of Canada. Per the World Health Organization, the smallpox vaccine could provide roughly 85% efficiency in protecting individuals from monkeypox since the viruses are so similar.
Monkeypox is common in wildlife in Western Africa, and it can occasionally be transmitted from animals to humans, usually through a bite from an infected animal. The first human case was reported in 1970.
While monkeypox has appeared in previously nonendemic countries, the incidents have often involved people who had actually traveled from an African country where the virus is prevalent.
Officials in a number of countries that don't normally deal with monkeypox are witnessing cases when the patient has no prior travel history, according to Njoo.
Monkeypox had never been found in Canada before last month.
He went on to say that medics on the ground are finding a wide range of instances, with some patients not having a rash on their face, which is the most prevalent area for this symptom but instead having rashes around their genitals.
He believes that working with overseas partners will aid Canadian officials in keeping track of the virus and determining whether it is evolving.
The National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada is continuing to examine samples in order to follow the virus's spread and keep Canadians informed about the virus's danger level if it spreads further.
"As more information is in our vicinity, we will send new information to the community," Njoo stated.
PHAC noted that more information on case identification and contact tracing, as well as infection prevention, will be available soon.
Tags : CA
Chile Government Encourages The 4th Shot Of Vaccine
SFDA's CEO stated that fourth dose of the Covid-19 vaccination is being monitored

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jennifer Aniston's uncontrollable tears over Brad Pitt and Angelina in unearthed chat
Jennifer Aniston bravely opened up about her agonising grief after Brad Pitt left her and got with Angelina Jolie
Frances KindonShowbiz Features Writer
Want all the latest Showbiz news direct to your inbox? Share your email for news, gossip and more
When Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston ended their marriage 16 years ago today, fans were devastated by the end of the Hollywood dream.
Jen, too, was floored, having admitted she'd hoped to work through their problems as a couple. But that wasn't, she said, Brad's 'view of it'.
And in an unearthed Vanity Fair interview from September that year, Jennifer, then 36, wore her heartbreak on her sleeve when the interviewer broached the subject of Brad's new romance with Angelina Jolie.
Describing how the actress looked like she had been "stabbed in the heart" when asked about rumours Ange was already pregnant - two months before Jen and Brad's divorce was even finalised, the reporter said Jen cried silently for several minutes, unable to stop the tears rolling down her cheeks before shaking her head, too hurt to give an answer.
Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston announced their split 16 years ago today
As for whether she believed the gossip that Brad and Ange had had a full-blown affair, Jennifer said, "I choose to believe my husband.
"At this point, I wouldn't be surprised by anything, but I would much rather choose to believe him."
The line from friends was that he'd wanted to work out what he wanted in life - as a single man - and that he assured Jen, "This is not about another woman."
Brad quickly moved on with Angelina Jolie and adopted her son Maddox before starting a brood of their own (Image: Getty)
However, the strength of her belief was shaken when pictured surfaced of Brad playing the doting dad to Angelina's adopted son Maddox on the beach in Africa on April 29.
"I would be a robot if I said I didn't feel moments of anger, of hurt, of embarrassment," she said. "I just don't know what happened. There's a lot I don't understand, a lot I don't know, and probably never will know, really.
"I have to think there's some reason I have called this into my life," she says. "I have to believe that - otherwise it's just cruel."
Both Brad and Angelina have always denied any romantic involvement while he was still with Jennifer.
But despite her devastation, Jennifer admitted she "felt lucky to have experienced" her marriage to Brad.
"I love Brad; I really love him. I will love him for the rest of my life. He's a fantastic man. I don't regret any of it, and I'm not going to beat myself up about it... It was a beautiful, complicated relationship," she said.
Do you think Brad and Jen should get back together? have your say in the comments section below...
Sinead KennedyRTE star Sinead Kennedy says 'people will pass remarks regardless' on weight after having babyThe Winning Streak host welcomed her first child, Indie, in March 2021
Inside RTE star Tommy Tiernan's private life from kids and marriage to painful family split
Tommy TiernanFans will be looking forward to the return of the hugely popular presenter to RTE One
RTE's Ryan Tubridy reveals emotional gesture from Sinead O'Connor to remember her son Shane and Ashling Murphy
Ryan Tubridy"She very thoughtfully sent a song that she wrote about her son about two and half years ago"
Coleen Nolan introduces her new man she met on Tinder and who works for a supermarket
Coleen NolanThe Loose Women star has posed for a photoshoot alongside new boyfriend Michael Jones who she famously met on Tinder. The couple have discussed blended families – and marriage.
Former X Factor contestant and RTE Last Singer Standing finalist launches Eurovision 2022 bid with new song
Eurovision Song ContestThis will mark the singer's third bid for Eurovision glory, after accompanying Westlife's Nicky Byrne in 2016 and Ryan O' Shaughnessy in 2018 as a backing vocalist
BonoBono shares dislike for U2 name and 'cringes' at their songs on the radioBono has spoken about how his band U2 got their name and said that he is still not happy with it but have been lumbered with it
Peter AndrePeter Andre was hoping to whisk his wife Emily away for their anniversary but she doesn't like leaving her children behind


text:
How to buy Xilinx (XLNX) shares in Australia
Learn how to easily invest in Xilinx shares.
NASDAQ: XLNX - USD
+ $7.12 ( + 3.72%)
Buy Xilinx Shares
Xilinx Inc (XLNX) is a leading semiconductors business with stocks listed in the US. It opened the day at US$219.47 after a previous close of US$215.02. During the day the price has varied from a low of USD213.125 to a high of USD220.87. The latest price was USD217.18 (25 minute delay). Xilinx is listed on the NASDAQ. All prices are listed in US Dollars.
How to buy shares in Xilinx
Search for Xilinx. Find the share by name or ticker symbol: XLNX. Research its history to confirm it's a solid investment against your financial goals.
Purchase now or later. Buy today with a market order or use a limit order to delay your purchase until Xilinx reaches your desired price. To spread out your risk, look into dollar-cost averaging, which smooths out buying at consistent intervals and amounts.
Decide on how many to buy. At last close price of US$215.02, weigh your budget against a diversified portfolio that can minimise risk through the market's ups and downs. You may be able to buy a fractional share of Xilinx, depending on your broker.
Check in on your investment. Congratulations, you own a part of Xilinx. Optimise your portfolio by tracking how your stock — and even the business — performs with an eye on the long term. You may be eligible for dividends and shareholder voting rights on directors and management that can affect your stock.
Xilinx key stats
Is Xilinx stock a buy or sell?
Xilinx performance over time
Is Xilinx suitable for ethical investing?
Are Xilinx shares over-valued?
Xilinx's financials
How volatile are Xilinx shares?
Does Xilinx pay a dividend?
Have Xilinx shares ever split?
Xilinx stock price (NASDAQ:XLNX)
Use our graph to track the performance of XLNX stocks over time.
Xilinx shares at a glance
US$111.6311 - US$239.79
US$210.9262
US$0.38 (0.77%)
Where to buy Xilinx stock
Is it a good time to buy Xilinx stock?
Xilinx share growth calculator
Xilinx price performance over time
Historical closes compared with the last close of $217.18
Stocks similar to Xilinx
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Is Xilinx under- or over-valued?
Valuing Xilinx stock is incredibly difficult, and any metric has to be viewed as part of a bigger picture of Xilinx's overall performance. However, analysts commonly use some key metrics to help gauge the value of a stock.
Xilinx's P/E ratio
Xilinx's current share price divided by its per-share earnings (EPS) over a 12-month period gives a "trailing price/earnings ratio" of roughly 60x. In other words, Xilinx shares trade at around 60x recent earnings.
Xilinx's PEG ratio
Xilinx's "price/earnings-to-growth ratio" can be calculated by dividing its P/E ratio by its growth – to give 4.7504. A low ratio can be interpreted as meaning the shares offer better value, while a higher ratio can be interpreted as meaning the shares offer worse value.
The PEG ratio provides a broader view than just the P/E ratio, as it gives more insight into Xilinx's future profitability. By accounting for growth, it could also help you if you're comparing the share prices of multiple high-growth companies.
Xilinx's EBITDA
Xilinx's EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) is US$1 billion (£0.0 million).
The EBITDA is a measure of a Xilinx's overall financial performance and is widely used to measure a its profitability.
Xilinx financials
Xilinx's environmental, social and governance track record
Environmental, social and governance (known as ESG) criteria are a set of three factors used to measure the sustainability and social impact of companies like Xilinx.
Xilinx's total ESG risk score
Socially conscious investors use ESG scores to screen how an investment aligns with their worldview, and Xilinx's overall score of 23.87 (as at 12/31/2018) is pretty good – landing it in it in the 32nd percentile of companies rated in the same sector.
ESG scores are increasingly used to estimate the level of risk a company like Xilinx is exposed to within the areas of "environmental" (carbon footprint, resource use etc.), "social" (health and safety, human rights etc.), and "governance" (anti-corruption, tax transparency etc.).
Xilinx's environmental score
Environmental score: 9.59/100
Xilinx's environmental score of 9.59 puts it squarely in the 5th percentile of companies rated in the same sector. This could suggest that Xilinx is a leader in its sector terms of its environmental impact, and exposed to a lower level of risk.
Xilinx's social score
Xilinx's social score of 6.88 puts it squarely in the 5th percentile of companies rated in the same sector. This could suggest that Xilinx is a leader in its sector when it comes to taking good care of its workforce and the communities it impacts.
Xilinx's governance score
Governance score: 11.91/100
Xilinx's governance score puts it squarely in the 5th percentile of companies rated in the same sector. That could suggest that Xilinx is a leader in its sector when it comes to responsible management and strategy, and exposed to a lower level of risk.
Xilinx Inc was last rated for ESG on: 2019-01-01.
Xilinx share dividends
Recently Xilinx has paid out, on average, around 10.25% of net profits as dividends. That has enabled analysts to estimate a "forward annual dividend yield" of 0.77% of the current stock value. This means that over a year, based on recent payouts (which are sadly no guarantee of future payouts), Xilinx shareholders could enjoy a 0.77% return on their shares, in the form of dividend payments. In Xilinx's case, that would currently equate to about $0.38 per share.
While Xilinx's payout ratio might seem low, this can signify that Xilinx is investing more in its future growth.
Xilinx's most recent dividend payout was on 14 November 2021. The latest dividend was paid out to all shareholders who bought their shares by 4 November 2021 (the "ex-dividend date").
Have Xilinx's shares ever split?
Xilinx's shares were split on a 2:1 basis on 27 December 1999. So if you had owned 1 share the day before before the split, the next day you'd have owned 2 shares. This wouldn't directly have changed the overall worth of your Xilinx shares – just the quantity. However, indirectly, the new 50% lower share price could have impacted the market appetite for Xilinx shares which in turn could have impacted Xilinx's share price.
Xilinx share price volatility
Over the last 12 months, Xilinx's shares have ranged in value from as little as US$111.6311 up to US$239.79. A popular way to gauge a stock's volatility is its "beta".
XLNX.US volatility(beta: 0.95)Avg. volatility(beta: 1.00)LowHigh
Beta is a measure of a share's volatility in relation to the market. The market (NASDAQ average) beta is 1, while Xilinx's is 0.9529. This would suggest that Xilinx's shares are less volatile than average (for this exchange).
Xilinx overview
Xilinx, Inc. designs, develops, and markets programmable devices and associated technologies worldwide. The company offers integrated circuits (ICs) in the form of programmable logic devices (PLDs), such as programmable system on chips, and three dimensional ICs; adaptive compute acceleration platform; software design tools to program the PLDs; software development environments and embedded platforms; targeted reference designs; printed circuit boards; and intellectual property (IP) core licenses covering Ethernet, memory controllers, Interlaken, and peripheral component interconnect express interfaces, as well as domain-specific IP in the areas of embedded, digital signal processing and connectivity, and market-specific IP cores. It also offers development boards; development kits, including hardware, design tools, IP, and reference designs that are designed to streamline and accelerate the development of domain-specific and market-specific applications; and configuration products comprising one-time programmable and in-system programmable storage devices to configure field programmable gate arrays. In addition, it provides design, customer training, field engineering, and technical support services. The company offers its products to electronic equipment manufacturers in sub- markets, such as data center, wireless, wired, aerospace and defense, test, measurement and emulation, industrial, scientific and medical, automotive, audio, video and broadcast, and consumer. It sells its products through a network of independent distributors; and through direct sales to original equipment manufacturers and electronic manufacturing service providers, as well as independent sales representatives. Xilinx, Inc. was incorporated in 1984 and is headquartered in San Jose, California.
Xilinx in the news
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What percentage of Xilinx is owned by insiders or institutions?
Currently 0.22% of Xilinx shares are held by insiders and 83.449% by institutions.
When does the fiscal year end for Xilinx?
Xilinx's fiscal year ends in March.
Where is Xilinx based?
Xilinx's address is: 2100 Logic Drive, San Jose, CA, United States, 95124
What is Xilinx's ISIN number?
Xilinx's international securities identification number is: US9839191015
What is Xilinx's CUSIP number?
Xilinx's Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures number is: 983919101
How to buy Rockwell Automation (ROK) shares in Australia How to buy Willis Towers Watson Public Limited Company (WLTW) shares in Australia


text:
Murphy waits on knee injury
by Dan | Oct 20, 2009 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
Danny Murphy will discover today whether the knee injury he picked up against Hull last night will keep him out of Thursday's clash with AS Roma in the Europa League.
The Fulham captain will get a clearer picture on the seriousness of the injury today once the swelling in his knee has eased. He picked up the injury when trying to turn his man at a throw-in and the crude kick on his knee was ignored by Martin Atkinson.
Roy Hodgson hopes the injury isn't too serious.
We hope it's not too serious. We will have to wait and see how it settles down overnight. As he back-heeled the ball he got a kick and it's jarred the knee.
Hodgson was happy with his side's performance last night.
We thought we could get better in the second half so the first goal changed nothing from a tactical point of view, although the mood did. I wasn't unhappy with the team and would have expected them to keep playing the same way.


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Scholarships Available For Children Of Veterans FAYETTEVILLE – Scholarships are available for eligible high school seniors who are the children of North Carolina veterans. The scholarships are from the North Carolina Department of Military and Veterans Affairs and the North Carolina Association of Veterans Services Officers. The deadline for both scholarships is March 1.
The N.C. Dept. of Military and Veterans Affairs manages a scholarship for the children of certain categories of deceased, disabled, combat or POW/MIA veterans. The scholarship pays for four years of tuition and fees at an approved North Carolina state college or university. If the student attends a private school, the scholarship pays tuition up to $4,500 a year for eight semesters, if used within eight years.
The second scholarship is from the North Carolina Association of Veterans Services Officers and was established to honor all deceased veterans services officers. It is open to any graduating senior whose parent is a North Carolina resident and an honorably discharged veteran. The scholarship pays $1,000. Applications are available at the Cumberland County Veterans Services Office at 301 E. Russell St., next to the Cumberland County Courthouse.
Call 910-677-2970 for more information.


Brighten up your closet with these colorful and fun Spring 2019 prints!
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I'm planning an early-May trip to Cooperstown, NY and then on to New York City. This will be the second time my dad and I have made this trip (the first being December 2001). I am wondering what the best route is to get there? Google Maps suggests I-71 to I-90, but I'm also wondering about zig-zagging through Pennsylvania and Southern New York using I-70, I-76, I-88, and others. One thing I am concerned about how much the tolls are on I-90.
Tolls on I-90 are not that bad. Albany to Buffalo is something like $15.
You may also look at US-20 as an option.
Another option that would avoid the tolls on the Thruway (I-90 NY) and the traffic on I-80 PA would be to take I-86/NY 17 across to Binghamton, then up I-88 to NY 28 to Cooperstown.
Have they done anything about the rough pavement on I-86 between the Pennsylvania state line and I-390? I was across that a few years ago and it was in terrible shape.
From Cincy, how about Corridor D to I-79 to I-68 to I-70 to I-81 to I-88? Or exit I-68 and use US 220/I-99 to I-86 to I-81 to I-88?
The bit east of Salamanca easterly to I-390 has been improved in recent years -- can't say for the western bit. I-86 no longer constitutes a really long staircase.


First Exhibited in 2015, Case Work is a traveling exhibition focusing on Allied Works creative process, and in particular, the artifacts—in the form of simple, elemental models and drawings—that serve as pathways of exploration, and markers of intention that capture the spirit and potential of the works they represent.
The companion catalog of the same name was one of the first publications developed in-house, in partnership with designer Juliette Cezzar and published by Metropolis Books / Artbook / D.A.P in New York. It includes illustrations and a checklist of every artifact in the show, along with essays by Brad Cloepfil and Dean Sobel, Director of the Clyfford Still Museum. Limited copies of the first edition remain, and are available for purchase at artbook.com.


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People in Portland love to eat good, local, and in-season food (some of it grown in rooftop gardens of the restaurants themselves). Today Portland is considered one of the most exciting foodie towns in the country; when it comes to food carts alone you can find more than 600 of them spread throughout the city. Portland is considered a midsize city by US standards but when it comes to the amount of restaurants it has more per capita than all but nine other cities in the United States.
Food carts are part of the culinary fabric of the city. Portland does it a little different than some cities as it has dedicated blocks, often in parking lots, in just about every pocket of the city. Some of the best food in the city can be had standing on the sidewalk. These outdoor food vendors operate year-round and quite an extensive variety can be found throughout the city. The proliferation of carts has led to hyper-focusing on small regions within a cuisine to provide tastes not often found in larger restaurants.
When it comes to eating out, it would be unfair to say that the best option is breakfast, lunch, or dinner because all three are a rather amazing experience. Portland has a full gamut of restaurants serving food and an eating experience that can accommodate and delight all budgets and expectations. One of the biggest problems with eating out in Portland is deciding on where to eat. Maybe you are inspired by Ethiopian cuisine, or a Moroccan experience, perhaps a Peruvian flavor, or a Lebanese option, a Japanese atmosphere, or a Korean Kimchi; Portland has it all.
Portlanders have a complete love affair with food and a strong focus and orientation toward organic foods and locally grown produce. Here you will find restaurants only serving meat that comes from grass fed animals within 50 miles of the city. And if you're vegan, vegetarian, gluten-free you will not be forgotten, almost every place in town will have options to not only accommodate, but taste good too!


Ardamax Keylogger is a small, easy-to-use keylogger that captures user activity and saves it to a logfile. Ardamax Keylogger's logfile can be viewed as a text or web page. Use Ardamax Keylogger to find out what is happening on your computer while you're away, maintain a backup of your typed data automatically or use Ardamax Keylogger to monitor your kids. Ardamax Keylogger will run in hidden mode, preventing users from knowing it is active.
Captures user activity and keystrokes into a log file with Ardamax Keylogger.
...... It will NOT show in the Uninstall list, the Task Manager, or the Application menu! This feature makes Ardamax Keylogger absolutely invisible to everyone!
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Any questions, complaints or claims regarding this application Ardamax Keylogger 4.0 must be directed to the appropriate software vendor.
You may click the publisher link of Ardamax Keylogger on the top of this page to get more details about the vendor.


text:
Artist of the Month: Amr Attamimi
Black and White… Memories by Palestinian artist Oussama Diab
Analog Iran: poetic impressions of Iran
Freedom Book Fair: Farah Barqawi
Freedom Book Fair: Canan Marasligil
Peshawar portraits drawn into revival
Belgian label creates innovative Arabic design-furniture
5 inspiring designers transform heritage into contemporary design
Desert City: a way to live in the desert
Said Mahrouf's collection inspired by poem 'Conferences of the Birds'
Fashion designer Nawed Elias tells the story of the Pashtun through his designs
Karim Adduchi's fashion collection made of Berber rugs and carpets
Could I have some pop surrealism with that coffee please?
A culinary journey with Viva Arabia
Photo story: Islam in China – The Uyghurs (part II)
Photo story: Islam in China — the Han Chinese (part I)
Karima's XXL trip: Impressive Uzbekistan
Karima's XXL trip: Mysterious Turkmenistan
'Hay saw Bizerta burn…': Scottish poetry in North Africa during World War Two
New Biennale brings photographers from the Arab world into the limelight
By Tine Lavent .music July 22, 2014
Nawal, spiritual voice from the Comoros
Half of the seats of the ancient Greek theatre styled El Genaina Theatre were filled. A soothing breeze was coming up, introducing the strong voice of the woman who was going to sing: Nawal, 'The Voice of the Comoros'. Playing the guitar herself, she was accompanied by two musicians. Sometimes praying, at times reciting dhikr, Nawal, herself a self-proclaimed follower of the sufi path, performs what she calls spiritual music.
Could you tell us a little bit about yourself?
"I'm from the Comoros: four small islands in the Indian Ocean, between Madagascar and the African continent. But me, I feel more like I'm la fille de la terre. The whole world is my homeland. And the Comoros, it's my family. So I'm rather a universal woman. And I defend universal values. I feel at home almost everywhere.
On the Comoros, there are families that are mixed with Arabs, Indians… My father's family originated in Yemen, they are descendants of the Prophet. My mother's side of the family has a mix of African, French and Portuguese roots."
Maybe that is why you feel at home almost everywhere.
"Indeed, it comes natural. I grew up in France, in a banlieue called Fontbarlettes in Valence. Today I live in Paris. I defend the values of freedom and love. Spirituality has a place everywhere, not only in sacred places. I think that to open one's heart and to grow beauty within is how one can get closer to God."
Is that why you have chosen to make spiritual music?
"Yes, you could consider my music to be spiritual. I was born into this to begin with. Even though I grew up in France with other influences, it's my cultural heritage. It's also… it's mine. I don't know how to explain it. I'm a descendant of the Prophet. We sing about God for generations, at the zawiya. We sing about the beauty of God, about His 99 names.
At one point, I was an atheist. I knew Islam as a religion of the forbidden. I didn't want it anymore. Then little by little, by living and growing, I had the chance to meet other people who brought me back to it. As a Parisienne, as a woman today, I have found the artistic path to create what I call my gospel. I wanted other people to get to know it too. It's also a desire to show that there is more than one image of Islam. The image of beauty, love, respect, goodness, and most of all peace.
I think that all of us, even atheists, are one. We are all connected to the earth and breathe the same air. We have a collective memory. Everything that happens in life is a scenario for our soul to grow in, and to regain harmony and balance. It's true that there are several religions and there's a lot of fighting about it. But for me, it's more about loving and sharing, creating the world together."
How would you describe life in the Comoros?
"You should go there! The country is secular. There is also a new Islam that is actually coming out of the banlieues in France. The majority was sufi from the very beginning, with the four biggest sufi communities being there from the start. Our Islam is based on sharing, exchanging…
Unfortunately history has put the imagination of the people to sleep: slavery, colonialism, the craziness of people who need grandeur… Then there are political issues such as corruption. It doesn't move forward as fast as I wished but it's evolving anyway. The youth is waking up more and more to reclaim what we have. We are not yet developed in the sense of what I like to describe as syphilisation, in the sense of an illness, with concrete everywhere, big tourism, and people barging in without establishing contact with the local people."
You have a song that is called 'Shalom Aleikoum'. Who are you talking to in this song?
"The Middle East… God can only be good. If he puts us in difficult situations, it's because we could develop something within us. If God forgives us unforgivable things, horrors, what Israel has done… It's the power of money that has ruled once again. They have sent Palestinians away from their homes to put other people there.
What I'm saying in this song is that it has to stop. For it to stop, people really have to want it one hundred percent. Our attention has to be focused on peace and peace only. It's not for us, it's for the future generation. It has been taking too long. And the most horrible thing is that it's the same people! It's the base of three big religions, so it's the base of humanity there. If it's not going well there, it won't go well anywhere. That has to change. I know what I'm asking is hard because we are human. But I believe in human values, and that is what I defend. I think it's possible. We have to be hopeful."
What is the message you want to convey with your album 'Embrace the Spirit'?
"Actually the message is always the same but in a different way. That we are all one. We have come into the world to pursue our own jihad, to put light on our shadows. To see what is not good within us, and transform it."
We have to start with ourselves.
"Exactly. I can't change others. But if I change myself, somehow I'll change others. I recorded 'Embrace the Spirit' all by myself. It was during a time in my life when a brother I played music with fell seriously ill. He couldn't play any longer and it was hard to find someone to replace him. I believe that things happen when certain planets meet. It was a time like that. Some people believed it was the end of the world, but in fact it was the end of a world. At that point, a new world started. Even if old memories still remain, we've already moved on – we didn't have a choice. That's why I called the album embrace the spirit, carresse de l'âme. Our soul, our nafs, only has its memories and functions with its memory. Then there's our conscience. I wanted my nafs with all its memories and joy, and my present conscience to meet up. To fuse and to retrace who we are, and to create this world with the help of God."
Your grandfather, Al Maarouf, was a sufi master. How does his voice resound in your music?
"Actually I got to know him more through Google than through my family. In our family we sing his songs but we don't say anything more. One day I found a panegyric written by an Egyptian. Al Maarouf said in it that praying is thinking. That if you see defects within somebody else, you have to look inside yourself because you have them too. That you have to place the virtue of love above the law. On my spiritual road I find myself rejoined with him. I want to continue what he said because I have found that we say the same things: universal values that I want to defend continuously. When I read all that, it gave me more power to go on and to believe what I said, which is not always easy. Al Maarouf is in my heart, I feel him in my music and I feel his energy with me. I feel close to him."
How does it feel to perform in Egypt?
"I have been wanting to come here for a long time. It's history. It's the history of all of us. When I will go and visit the pyramids tomorrow, I think I will cry. To feel the energy of this land, I already feel touched by it. I have no words for it. I'm very grateful to the people who made it possible for me to come here.
I don't know whether it's that people like bad news, or it's the media that like to pass on bad news. But they make us believe that we definitely shouldn't come here. It's not true. Even if there are things happening. There's more than that."
Visit Nawal's official website for updates.
Cairo @enComorosEgyptFranceNawalshalom aleikoumspiritualsufi
Tine Lavent
Cairo-based librarian/teacher. Writes. Translates.
Latest Posts By Tine Lavent
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A exhibition not to be missed if one wants to soak up Brussels urban underground culture is, without a doubt, INK EYE. There's creative…
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ESPN 'Superstar' Katie Nolan Bashes Trump, Brady. Wrist Slapped
MSNBC's Joy Reid admitted how signs of patriotism and pride in our military triggers those who've committed wanton acts of disruption and even violence just because someone they didn't approve of won the 2016 presidential election.
https://www.blackandblondemedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reid-070319.mp4
Aww….
It's hard to feel any sympathy for those who created J20 precisely to punch the faces of millions who were fed up at the way this country was going and voted for Donald J. Trump.
It is essential to organize in a way that distinguishes us from all state actors and leaves no space for the state to regain legitimacy; antifascism must mean opposition to the state itself, lest we topple Trump only to pave the way for an equally authoritarian regime. The sooner a crisis comes, the better, before Trump, the Deep State, and the Democratic opposition have the chance to get their feet under them; at the same time, we have considerable work to do making our proposals comprehensible to the general public. Last but not least, if regime change takes place, the momentum must come from the streets, not from within the halls of power. As usual, we'll get out of revolution what we put into it, nothing more.
— Crimethink.com
We saw sore loser liberals in their norm, disrupting traffic, threatening motorists, destroying public and private property, enlisting school children to leave classrooms and take to the unsupervised streets, verbally and physically accost administration members and elected federal representatives in restaurants and in front of their private residences, assault conservative protesters and journalists, and even called for physical violence against those who didn't vote for Hillary Clinton, including the shooting of an United States congressman. There was/is gross insubordination by federal employees against Republican appointees heading their departments, media bias justifying actions that would lead to jail time in some instances.
There was/is an attempted coup by the previous administration, Hillary Clinton's campaign, and some in federal law enforcement to fix the election in favor of their preferred candidate, disrupt President-elect Trump's transition and later, President Trump's ability to govern. The "resistance" was an unprecedented mechanism to not only dissent but to bully.
Unlike the previous Obama administration, no progressive 501(c)(3) nonprofits were harrassed, no journalists (or their parents) were surveilled and intimidated in an unprecedented manner, no Freedom of Information Act requests are being stalled or ignored, in fact the Trump Administration has show great strength enduring the ongoing media onslaught along with a petulant "resistance" that includes #Antifa which could also be considered Klan 2.0.
And now, they're triggered by a show of military pride? Only the narcissism of sore-loser liberals would explain why they'd look at a tank and assume it was meant for them.
@realDonaldTrump#Antifa#DeepState#Resist#Resistance#ResistTrump4th of July4th of July celebrationBarack ObamaDonald TrumpHillary ClintonJames RisenJames RosenJoy ReidKirstjen NielsenMSNBCSarah Huckabee SandersSteve Scalise
Antifa is NOT Part of the 'Far Left'. They Are the Slacker #Alt-White
The Trump Budget and the Politics: 'Cuts' For Dummies
MSNBC Liberals Like Their Cable News Commentators Female and White
#RussiaGate: The Nation's Stephen F. Cohen Dresses Down Dems, Media
Gartner, Duty To Warn's Psychotic Plot to Overturn the Election


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Q: SQL modify order of columns and add new columns from query I would like to know how to do the following operation, if possible:
Sample of the original table:
Type      Status    I1    I2    I3    I4    I5
 A          ON      3     4     2     10    2
 A         OFF      1     1     0     null  null
 B          ON      5     6     2     10    2
 B         OFF      2     1     2     null  null
 C          ON      8     7     5     10    2
 C         OFF      1     1     1     null  null
 A          ON      4     4     4     10    2
 A         OFF      2     2     1     null  null
 B          ON      5     4     5     10    2
 B         OFF      1     1     1     null  null

So, basically what I would like is to merge the I values from ON and OFF status, in the following way:
Taking the table above, the values I1,I2, I3 from OFF status will become I6, I7,I8 output would be
Type      I1    I2    I3    I4    I5    I6    I7   I8
 A        3     4     2     10    2     1     1    0
 B        5     6     2     10    2     2     1    2
 C        8     7     5     10    2     1     1    1
 A        4     4     4     10    2     2     2    1
 B        5     4     5     10    2     1     1    1

To be clear, what It would do is just to take the values I1, I2 and I3 from the OFF status of each type and put them together with the results from the ON status as I6, I7, I8

A: If you id column is auto-incremented and it has no gaps, then you might be in luck
select o1.*, o2.i1 as i6, o2.i2 as i7, o2.i3 as i8
from original o1 join
     original o2
     on o2.id = o1.id + 1 and
        o2.type = o1.type and
        o1.status = 'ON' and o2.status = 'OFF';

Otherwise, this query is much harder than it seems.  You need to group the similar ids.  One method is to identify them by the number of similar rows with the same type and ON.  You can get this with a correlated subquery:
with o as (
      select o.*,
             (select count(*)
              from original o2
              where o2.type = o.type and o2.status = 'ON' and o2.id <= o.id
             ) as grp
      from original o
     )
select o.type,
       max(case when type = 'ON' then i1 end) as i1,
       max(case when type = 'ON' then i2 end) as i2,
       max(case when type = 'ON' then i3 end) as i3,
       max(case when type = 'ON' then i4 end) as i4,
       max(case when type = 'ON' then i5 end) as i5,
       max(case when type = 'OFF' then i1 end) as i6,
       max(case when type = 'OFF' then i2 end) as i7,
       max(case when type = 'OFF' then i3 end) as i8
from o
group by grp, type ;

A: Try this:
SELECT Type, SUM(I1) AS I1, SUM(I2) AS I2, SUM(I3) AS I3, SUM(I4) AS I4, SUM(I5) AS I5, SUM(I6) AS I6, SUM(I7) AS I7, SUM(I8) AS I8
FROM (
    SELECT Type, I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, 0 As I6, 0 As I7, 0 As I8
    FROM YourTable
    WHERE Status = 'ON'
    UNION ALL
    SELECT Type, 0 , 0, 0, 0, 0, I1 As I6, I2 As I7, I3 As I8
    FROM YourTable
    WHERE Status = 'OFF') DT
GROUP BY Type

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange