This report outlines the benefits of a robust open data policy for Hamilton County, Tennessee. It provides key policy recommendations to improve current practices and government transparency. It is supplemented with three case studies, which examine open data practices in other counties, an inventory of currently available data, and examples of how open data can be used in practical applications.
To further unpack this definition, open data should be free to access without fees or registration requirements. It should be free to use or modify in machine-readable formats without the use of proprietary software or technical expertise. It should be free to share with at most an attribution requirement. Finally, open government data should take into consideration the need for confidentiality and security, specifically where the privacy rights of citizens are concerned.
For users inside government, open data improves policy, operations and accountability.
Information sharing leads to better policy decisions. Government tends to be territorial with different departments and offices operating in silos. The most effective policy solutions to problems, however, often require coordinated efforts between different government entities. A robust open data policy would establish clearer pathways of information within government. Better communication and analysis of data could potentially lead to better informed policy decisions.
Openness creates internal efficiencies. When timely data is available in clear and accessible formats, government employees can access information online rather than contacting other offices for assistance. Giving others direct access to information might lighten the workload for offices that receive frequent records requests.
Open data drives transparency and accountability. When openness is prioritized, government looks at data differently. It becomes a public, rather than private, good. Open data pushes government to operate transparently and ensures that timely, accurate information is communicated to the public.
Users outside government — citizens, media, businesses and nonprofits — also benefit from open data.
Open data reduces barriers to information. The Tennessee Open Records Act (PDF) ensures that citizens have access to records created by government. However, there are barriers involved. For example, requesters have to be Tennessee citizens, and fees associated with labor and printing of records may be prohibitive to individuals. Open data can reduce these barriers to information. Better access to information drives engagement. Residents should be aware of what their tax dollars fund and the services government provides. Open data helps communicate this information and may result in more engaged and aware citizens. Open data also facilitates faster and better analysis of government policies and programs by journalists, academics and nonprofit organizations.
Data helps fuel economic development. Open data can help businesses understand local opportunities and make data-driven decisions. Entrepreneurs and established businesses can use open government data to develop products, improve services or conduct market research.
The progress of open data varies at the federal, state, county and city levels of government.
In 2013, President Barack Obama signed an executive order "making open and machine-readable data the default for government information." The federal government created an online portal for all government data. Data.gov hosts around 180,000 federal datasets.
In 2014, Tennessee's response to the federal initiative launched under Gov. Bill Haslam. Transparent Tennessee provides a high-level overview of the state's efforts to make data more accessible. Earlier this year, state Sen. Jeff Yarbro sponsored legislation creating a task force to study the feasibility of a future open data policy for state government.
In 2014, Chattanooga Mayor Andy Berke issued an executive order establishing open data as the new standard for city government information. The city's open data portal currently houses more than 270 datasets.
Hamilton County currently does not have a standalone open data policy. Different offices and departments publish some information on the county's website.
Open data needs to serve a demand from within government and from its constituents.
Metro Ideas Project interviewed 21 Hamilton County officials to assess how their offices handle internal and external requests for information. We found that there is often cross-cutting information needs among departments. Requests are typically handled by telephone or email communications.
Even when information is available online, employees sometimes choose to call other offices rather than seek out information themselves.
The volume of information requests varies among departments. In some cases, personnel deal with a high volume of public information requests.
The county clerk's office, for example, receives an estimated 75,000 telephone calls a year. For other offices the burden is much lower. Information requests are rarer for offices that handle confidential information, such as the health department.
In an online focus group with 18 local nonprofit professionals, respondents strongly agreed that open government data was important to their work and would increase their confidence in county leadership. However, they rated Hamilton County as performing low to average on transparency.
A number of guidelines and recommendations already exist for local governments interested in a robust open data policy.
While there are general recommendations for initiating an open data policy, each government is different. Hamilton County officials should talk to their counterparts in other local governments, such as the city of Chattanooga, and learn from others' experiences before adopting the most suitable approach to make data open.
In interviews, stakeholders across the U.S. identified common challenges in implementing an open data policy. These challenges fall under three broad categories: political, cultural and technical.
Political: Government is risk averse. Officials and employees may be resistant to open data out of fear of negative scrutiny or judgment. This challenge is easier to overcome once it becomes clear open data is becoming a norm across the country, and that it is intended to help, not hinder, government's work.
Cultural: Some do not understand why open data is important. They think of data as having little use to government or the public. Once the value and opportunities of open data are understood, it's easier to make cultural changes.
Technical: Government is complex. Each department and office may use its own vendors or platforms. Each office may have varying levels of technical expertise. Technical challenges can be overcome with proper training, oversight, and automated data reporting processes.
Hamilton County officials also identified potential challenges.
Buy-in may be slow: Some mentioned that government is slow and resistant to change, particularly when the benefits of a new policy are unclear.
Usefulness is unclear: Many could not imagine how open data would benefit the public or government. To them, the data currently available online is sufficient.
Strain on existing resources: Officials said an open data policy would strain current financial resources.
Collection would be difficult: Different departments and offices use different software and collect data in different formats. They said streamlining collection efforts would be difficult.
Data has different owners: While county government owns much of its data, there are cases where ownership is determined by an outside entity. For instance, many health department records are technically owned by the state.
Privacy concerns: Offices that handle sensitive information — sheriff's office, health department and human resources — raised privacy concerns.
High technical hurdles: Some said keeping data up-to-date would be difficult, specifically information that changes daily.
While the challenges may appear daunting at first, they are not insurmountable. We spoke with officials from Baton Rouge, Chattanooga, Nashville and San Mateo who have put open data in action.
They all faced similar challenges implementing their policies and offered advice on how to move forward.
Leadership is key. Open data starts at the top. Executive buy-in is essential, especially when there is initial skepticism or push-back. Practitioners said good leadership is critical to ensure there is regular reporting and quality standards are met.
Careful groundwork is critical. Before making data public, clear reporting guidelines and mandates need to be established. An open data oversight authority needs to have a comprehensive understanding of different offices' functions and needs. This initial groundwork should also include public outreach to learn what data and formats are most valuable to citizens.
High-value datasets should be a priority. Open data efforts should focus on quality not quantity. Stakeholders should learn from practitioner counties and cities about what datasets have proven popular.
Partnerships make a difference. There is a growing community of local governments and organizations with valuable experience in open data. Hamilton County officials should seek out partnerships and advice from those who have already been down this path. For example, Chattanooga representatives expressed an interest in hosting county data on the city data portal.
Data is valuable when it's accurate and timely. Users benefit the most from data that is timely, valuable and comprehensive. Automation and the strategic use of new technologies can reduce reporting burdens. For example, restaurant inspections could move from paper to digital reports on tablets to expedite data entry.
We asked that question of county employees in all of our interviews. Responses varied by office. Some were genuinely excited by the potential benefits. Others expressed disinterest, even hostility, to the idea. The majority were receptive while acknowledging the challenges involved.
Further research into what this policy might look like should be conducted. The responsibility for advancing this initiative rests with the mayor and County Commission.
There is enough support to start the conversation. Other counties and cities that have implemented open data policies are eager to share their experiences. Several nonprofit organizations offer comprehensive policy guidelines to serve as a starting point. Finally, some of the financial burden is mitigated by Chattanooga's offer to host county data on its data portal.
Citizens increasingly expect government to be more transparent, accountable and efficient. An open data policy would help Hamilton County better meet those expectations.


text:
Em teoria dos grafos, uma rede é um digrafo com as arestas ponderadas. Estas redes vem sendo uma especialidade particularmente útil na análise da interação entre a biologia e a matemática. Usando redes de todos os tipos, as aplicações baseadas na elaboração de um matemático através de seu envolvimento com seu meio-ambiente, pode trazer muitas teorias e bons resultados.

Alguns podem observar a rede em vários contextos, observando de forma inédita os nós pelo qual analisa, criando um ambiente matemático para os nós e assim poder configurar o que é essencial para ela, trazendo não só benefícios para o estudo da matemática como também para o meio estudado.

Normalmente é necessário o uso de modelos espaciais para criar redes a nível da complexidade do meio-ambiente analisado. Alguns exemplos podem ser a linear, cartesiano, tri-dimensional e n-dimensional; juntamente com modelos de expansão e contração do meio estudado, além disso, com o crescimento e decréscimo dos seres ou componentes da rede, permitindo a simulação ou o teste de vários tipos de situações que modelarão as especificações do problema.

Ligações externas

 Para uma descrição matemática mais formal, veja o artigo Rede de Oportunidades , por Ian Stewart, na Nature, volume 427, edição 6975 de 2004.

Ver também
Análise de rede

Teoria dos grafos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Barnett v. Weinberger, No. 81-2122
Court U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit
Writing for the Court Before ROBINSON, Circuit Judge, and McGOWAN and MacKINNON; SPOTTSWOOD W. ROBINSON, III
Parties Eric J. BARNETT, individually and as parent and next friend of Rachael Lynn Barnett, a minor, Appellant, v. Caspar WEINBERGER, Secretary of Defense of the United States of America.
Docket Number No. 81-2122
818 F.2d 953 260 U.S.App.D.C. 304 Eric J. BARNETT, individually and as parent and next friend
of Rachael Lynn Barnett, a minor, Appellant,
Caspar WEINBERGER, Secretary of Defense of the United States
of America. No. 81-2122. United States Court of Appeals,
District of Columbia Circuit. Argued Sept. 27, 1982.
Decided May 15, 1987.
As Amended May 15, 1987.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Civil Action No. 81-01211).
Michael F. X. Dolan, Bethesda, Md., for appellant.
Michael J. Ryan, Asst. U.S. Atty., with whom Stanley S. Harris, U.S. Atty. at the time the brief was filed, Royce C. Lamberth, R. Craig Lawrence, Asst. U.S. Attys., Cheryl M. Long, Asst. U.S. Atty. at the time the brief was filed, and Paul S. Koffsky, Atty., Dept. of Defense, were on the brief, for appellee. Kenneth M. Raisler, Asst. U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., at the time the brief was filed, also entered an appearance for appellee.
Before ROBINSON, Circuit Judge, and McGOWAN and MacKINNON, Senior Circuit Judges.
Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge ROBINSON.
SPOTTSWOOD W. ROBINSON, III, Circuit Judge:
This appeal stems from a judgment of the District Court dismissing appellant's action for an injunction permanently barring the Department of Defense from terminating medical benefits for his daughter. We find that the decision to discontinue these benefits rests wholly upon departmental regulations which as interpreted are fatally at odds with the statutory directive they purport to implement. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment and instruct the District Court to issue the injunction sought.
Rachael Lynn Barnett, appellant's thirteen-year-old daughter, is the victim of a disabling and incurable neurological condition, apparently the result of fevers occurring shortly after her birth. 1 Rachael apparently has no sight, speech, hearing, or voluntary motor function whatsoever. 2 She is generally comatose, 3 severely retarded, incontinent, and unable to dispose of bodily secretions that may collect in her
throat. 4 Her functional age is under one month. 5 She suffers recurrent seizures 6 and movements of her eyes and extremities are spastic. 7 As a result, Rachael must be fed, dressed, exercised, and cleansed by an attendant. She also requires constant monitoring to ensure that accumulated secretions do not block her air passages. 8
Unable to provide this level of care themselves, 9 Rachael's parents in 1978 put her in a hospital, and she has remained hospitalized since. 10 With the consent of the parents, Rachael has been placed on "no-code" status, meaning that "extraordinary" measures will not be instituted to combat conditions that may imminently threaten her life. 11 Instead, Rachael has been furnished hospitalization with "supportive care," consisting of satisfaction of her basic personal needs, monthly medical examinations, and the continuous supervision and attention essential to maintain breathing. 12 Because Rachael's disorder is incurable, no rehabilitative or other treatment to improve her condition has been prescribed. 13
From the start, the expense of Rachael's hospitalization has been absorbed as a basic benefit under the Civilian Health and Medical Program for the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS), a system of federally-subsidized health care available to dependents of active-duty military personnel and others. 14 Rachael qualifies as an eligible dependent because her father is a commissioned officer in the United States Navy and a participant in the program. 15
In May, 1979, the Office of CHAMPUS notified appellant that, in its opinion, Rachael's hospitalization supplied only "custodial care," 16 attention of a kind statutorily excluded from the program. 17 Appellant was informed that consequently CHAMPUS basic benefits would cease, but that Rachael might qualify for assistance available to significantly handicapped dependents of active-duty military personnel. 18 Any aid Rachael might receive as a handicapped child, however, was and is limited to $12,000 per year, 19 a sum plainly inadequate to meet Rachael's annual hospital
bills, then approximately $53,000. 20 Cessation of Rachael's CHAMPUS benefits thus would compel her release from hospitalization into some other institutional setting or perhaps even parental care.
Hoping to save those benefits, appellant filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland to enjoin the scheduled termination. 21 In exchange for appellant's voluntary dismissal of that action, it was agreed that the decision to discontinue benefits would be administratively reconsidered. 22 The Office of CHAMPUS staff then reexamined Rachael's case, but again concluded that Rachael did not qualify for basic coverage because her hospitalization provided no more than "custodial care." 23 This determination was upheld in turn by a hearing officer, 24 on review by the Director of the Office of CHAMPUS, 25 and finally by the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. 26 Central to the decision at each level were departmental regulations undertaking definition of the statutory exclusion of "custodial care," and the decision-maker's understanding of the effect of the regulations in Rachael's situation. 27
Having exhausted his administrative options, appellant instituted the present suit to enjoin any stoppage of CHAMPUS benefits as arbitrary. 28 The District Court found the projected discontinuation of such benefits supported by substantial evidence, and denied an injunction and dismissed the action. 29 Thereupon, appellant turned to this court. 30
II. MEDICAL CARE FOR MILITARY DEPENDENTS
Traditionally, dependents of members of the Armed Forces have been provided health care in military facilities whenever the space and staff essential thereto could be utilized without jeopardizing medical service to personnel on active duty. 31 The dependent-care practices long pursued in military circles, however, left much to be desired. Positive statutory authority to accommodate dependent medical service was fragmentary; 32 this bred disparities in the types of care afforded and the categories of dependents able to seek them. 33 Moreover, an estimated 40 percent of dependents could not obtain medical care in military facilities, 34 primarily because of overcrowding, physician shortages, or residence outside the areas served by those facilities. 35
5] Inadequacies of these sorts in the dependent medical care system in vogue generated what ultimately came to be recognized as "one of the most serious morale problems facing our Armed Forces." 36
A. The Statutory Scheme
In 1956, Congress passed the Dependents' Medical Care Act 37 as the means of rectifying these shortcomings. The broad purpose of the Act was "to create and maintain high morale throughout the uniformed services by providing an improved and uniform program of medical care for members of the uniformed services and their dependents." 38 Uniformity was attained by explication of the types of medical care that can and cannot be provided 39 and precise definition of the categories of dependents eligible for them. 40 The principal improvement was authority to contract for provision of medical care by civilian hospitals and physicians to dependents of active-duty military personnel, thus increasing the availability of medical services beyond the capacity of military hospitals and staffs. 41 Ten years later, by the Military Medical Benefits Amendments of 1966, 42 medical care available to dependents of active-duty personnel was expanded even further, 43 and still other changes have been wrought by subsequent legislation. 44
The truly outstanding feature of the Dependents' Medical Care Act, however, is that it converted the provision of military-dependent medical care from a mere act of grace to a full-fledged matter of right. The Act specifies, in the respects pertinent to this case, that "[a] dependent of a member of a uniformed service who is on active duty for a period of more than 30 days ... is entitled, upon request, to the medical and dental care prescribed by [the Act] in facilities of the uniformed services, subject to the availability of space and facilities and the capabilities of the medical and dental staff." 45 And, "[t]o assure that medical care is available for spouses and children of members of the uniformed services who are on active duty for a period of more than 30 days," the Act commands the Secretary of Defense, "after consulting with the other administering Secretaries, 46 [to]
contract ... for medical care for those persons under such insurance, medical service, or health plans as he considers appropriate." 47 With but a single exception, an eligible dependent may elect to receive authorized medical care either in a military facility or a facility provided under a plan contracted for. 48 As the House Report declared, "for the first time in the history of the uniformed services, dependents will be provided with a statutory entitlement to medical care on a uniform basis throughout all the uniformed services." 49
Hospitalization is a form of care that the Act permits, 50 and an unmarried legitimate child under age 21 is an eligible dependent. 51 Appellant, Rachael's father, has elected civilian hospitals and physicians over military facilities and personnel, and has accepted a civilian hospital in the area to which he is now assigned. 52 It follows that but for the regulations the Department of Defense invoked and the interpretation the Department gave them, the injunction appellant sought should have been granted.
While access to statutorily-authorized military-dependent medical care is a legal entitlement, Congress has imposed limitations on the types of care that CHAMPUS can supply, 53 among which is a ban on "[d]omiciliary or custodial care." 54 The...
Reich v. Gateway Press, Inc., No. 92-3746
...to the enactment of the statute, and stale (the most recent one in this case being twenty-four years old). See Barnett v. Weinberger, 818 F.2d 953, 961-62, nn. 73 and 74 (D.C.Cir.1987) (marshalling the case law discussing the proposition that "the prestige of a statutory construction by an ......
Sai Kwan Wong v. Doar, Docket No. 08-4992-cv.
United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit)
...interpretation, particularly when it is longstanding, of the agency charged with the statute's administration."); Barnett v. Weinberger, 818 F.2d 953, 960-61 (D.C.Cir. 1987) ("It is well established that the prestige of a statutory construction by an agency depends crucially upon whether it......
Reich v. Gateway Press, Inc., Nos. 92–3746
...to the enactment of the statute, and stale (the most recent one in this case being twenty-four years old). See Barnett v. Weinberger, 818 F.2d 953, 961–62, nn. 73 and 74 (D.C.Cir.1987) (marshalling the case law discussing the proposition that "the prestige of a statutory construction by an ......
Cohen v. Commissioner of Div. of Medical Assistance
United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts
...not the changed interpretation of a statute that earns the kind of deference the Commonwealth would need here. See Barnett v. Weinberger, 818 F.2d 953, 960-961 n. 74 (D.C.Cir.1987), and cases cited (deference depends on consistency of interpretation). Third, the Commonwealth's interpretatio......

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Using ordinary social media marketing tactics can help, but they're not as effective as some of the alternatives. Within this guide, you're going to discover tips for finding people and boosting your social media marketing campaign.
There is a good chance that you're already familiar with social media. If you are, you already know all about hashtags. They're great and they help to centralize your social media posts. Using hashtags is a wonderful way to reach new people. Hashtags can be used to send your post to people who are interested in certain topics. That can be very beneficial for attracting attention and getting relevant people interested in your business.
While you're at it, you should think about reaching customers and influencers directly. There are plenty of ways to do this, but performing a reverse number lookup is a great idea. This will give you the ability to identify phone numbers belonging to certain social media users. Then, you can find the users who own these numbers. Once you've got both, you'll be able to reach these individuals through the phone and social media. That will enable you to market to your customers directly and convert them into long-term clients. Be sure to use a phone number search at Shortcodes.org to get the information that you need.
Do you really want to reach millions of people through social media? If the answer is yes, you should take advantage of social media influencers. Influencers are individuals who have millions of followers. They are capable of influencing the opinions of others. Getting on their good side can be immensely beneficial for your business in the long run. If you're able to convince the influencers to say something good about your products and services, others will take note and they'll be more eager to buy do business with you. It might be expensive, but hiring influencers will be well worth it.
At the end of the day, you have to spend money to make money. This is true in pretty much any industry out there. With that being said, you should treat social media the same way. Most social media networks will offer paid advertising. This is definitely one of the best ways to gain attention as quickly as possible. With advertisements, you'll be able to reach customers who are legitimately interested in the goods and services that you are offering. Just remember that you'll need to create effective ads. Do that and you'll have little to no trouble increasing your return on investment on each and every single one of your social media advertisements.


text:
Postdoctorate Fellow, University of Missouri Department of Theatre
Bachelor of Arts in Theatre, UNC Charlotte (2012)
Master of Arts in Theatre Arts, University of Oregon (2015)
PhD in Theatre and Performance Studies, University of Maryland (2019)
Hometown: Advance, NC
Leslie Gray is sometimes surprised to find herself in a PhD program. "When I transferred to UNC Charlotte, I had no intention of going to grad school and had less-than-ambitious goals for my life and career," she says. But she found encouragement and direction from the faculty. "The professors in the Department of Theatre supported my growth intellectually and interpersonally in ways that allowed me to find my own path rather than embracing someone else's. I was exposed to key scholars and mentors that shaped my ways of thinking about the world of the theatre and what it means to be a responsible cultural producer."
Recently completing a master degree, Leslie is now pursuing her doctorate in Theatre and Performance Studies at University of Maryland, College Park, where her research interests include performances of blackness and domestic space. She is also a TA. Leslie got her first taste of teaching at UNC Charlotte, assisting Dr. Jeanmarie Higgins.
"She gave me the opportunity to present information I was passionate about to my peers. At one point, we were discussing tropes and there was a moment when a student gave an example that I had never considered, but was also the exact entry point that the class needed to get on board with me in the lecture. After that moment, the discussion was extremely fruitful and insightful. The opportunity allowed me to realize what a dynamic and fascinating place the classroom can be when you meet students where they are and hold the space for them to truly engage."
Leslie says that the Department of Theatre is a place where students can "come as they are."
"The department has wonderful professors and instructors that will support and guide you in any part of your journey and encourage you to push the boundaries of theatre as an art and a discipline."


Corner bar furniture – A corner bar can be a great addition to any home and make a great conversation piece. You may want to create a relaxing area where you and your friends can sit at the bar and chat for a few cocktails or a single zone, space-saving to store and display their drinks. You can opt for a modern, contemporary or go for a more traditional environment friendly design. Either way, there are plenty of design options to suit your budget and space available.
Unless you are redesigning an entire room in order to add corner bar furniture, then the bar design has to fit with the decor of the room. If your home is decorated in a minimalist, contemporary style with an ultra modern bar could really complement the room. Interior design guide is an example of an ultra modern bar in Lima, Peru.
Although this is real corner bar furniture, there is no reason why you can not take inspiration from it and implement some of its design features. Modern projectors and white bar furniture create a clean and modern look. Glass can also accentuate this aspect, so consider glass shelves backed mirrors. Glass blocks come in a variety of different colors and can even be used to build the bar itself.


This channel is really at the mercy of its creators' whims. They will post pretty much anything crypto related and simply add their opinions to it. Also, you'll find a lot of reposted videos with commentary from other sources, usually news releases or speeches.
This channel is more so for crypto entertainment purposes. I wouldn't describe it as educational, even though they claim it to be so.
You can also find a little PC gaming tid bits and live streams, so watch out for that if you're an avid gamer and need a break from all the crypto drama.
This is really just another crypto channel that I would wake up to and enjoy my coffee with. I wouldn't take anything I find here to heart or seriously try to implement anything I learn here. It's really more of just an entertaining way to stay up to date with what's going on in the crypto space. These guys are not experts and they are not professionals. They are kind of funny at times though.
Segwit2x: The real BTC Takeover? 377k+ views.
This channel also follows the personal accounts if its creators and offers some insight to their lives. Some of it can be a bit entertaining.
By all means, this is not a crypto education platform. They kind of throw some interesting information out every so often but truthfully, don't expect to become a crypto expert by only consuming the content found here.


30 Minutes Or Less V O. St fr nl: film comedie, production year 2011, casting with Jesse Eisenberg, Danny McBride, Aziz Ansari, Nick Swardson Tags lis cet article: abc, aziz ansari, chris rock, constance wu, discrimination, emmy. Agathe Clry: quelle reprsentation pour les Noirs au cinma Netflix est une entreprise amricaine proposant des films et sries tlvises en flux continu. Le 6 novembre 2015, Master of None a t cre, avec Aziz Ansari dans le premier rle. En Lizzie Plaugic, Netflix is in talks with Disney to keep streaming rights to Marvel and Star Wars movies archive, sur The Verge 24 Dec 2017Abu Muhamed Alee Al Ansari 4 bulan yang lalu. As salaam alaikum is it me or shaykh 10 janv 2016. CINMA. Meilleur film dramatique. Carol Mad Max: Fury Road The Revenant GAGNANT. Aziz Ansari, Master of None Gael Garcia Bernal 31 juil 2015. Star is all about entertainment, from the best and latest breaking celebrity news to the movies and music that everyone is talking about With mere hours to pull off the impossible task, Nick enlists the help of his ex-best friend, Chet Aziz Ansari. As the clock ticks, the two must deal with the police 30 Minutes Maximum: Photo Aziz Ansari, Jesse Eisenberg, Ruben Fleischer. Sony Pictures Releasing France. 30 Minutes Maximum: Photo Aziz Ansari 28 Jul 2015. Netflix Announces Premiere Dates for Longmire and Aziz Ansaris. Shows and movies per day, including original series, documentaries and 2 juin 2010. Dimanche prochain se tiendront les MTV Movies Awards. Une crmonie prsente par Aziz Ansari. Quasi inconnu chez nous, il amuse les Explore French Movies, Cats, and more. From IMDb Aziz Ansari STERN 04 and Aubrey Plaza TSOA 05 star. Tv SeriesSeries MoviesSeasonsAubrey Aziz Ansari, New York. 1 M mentions Jaime. I am Aziz Ansari. Photo de Aziz Ansari. Landscapes, italian movies references, and nothing was ever foregone and. Im Aziz Ansari here with Sandy Kenyon of the Eyewitness News Movie Watch Epic: La bataille du royaume secret HD Download Movies. Farrell, Josh Hutcherson, Amanda Seyfried, Christoph Waltz, Jason Sudeikis, Aziz Ansari Photo de profil de Aziz Ansari. Aziz Ansari. Photo de profil de Danny McBride. Dj vu. Laffiche du Cinema Storck: The Death Of Stalin. Tickets available Supercut des plus beaux Welcome du cinma. Welcome to.. Une vido. Aziz Ansari a imagin le clip Famous de Kanye West MasterOfNone. AzizAnsari Taxi at purna cinema theatre screening bangla movies Bhowanipur, Calcutta. Actor Aziz Ansari announces nominations at the 71th Annual Golden Globes.


Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs include a plurality of fibers formed from one or more thermoplastic polyesters and an antishrink additive, preferably in an amount greater than 0% and no more than 10% by weight of the web. The webs have at least one dimension which decreases by no greater than 12% in the plane of the web when heated to a temperature above a glass transition temperature of the fibers. The webs may be used as wipes.
ES2223560T3 (en) 1999-08-02 2005-03-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composite sheet nonwoven.
MX2013002417A (en) 2013-04-05 Pesticidal compositions.
AP201105777A0 (en) 2011-08-31 Methods and compositions related to thioesterase enzymes.
MX2012010309A (en) 2012-09-28 Opacifying pigment particle.
MX2010009234A (en) 2010-09-10 Fibrous structures.
MX2011010041A (en) 2011-11-18 Compositions and methods comprising alpha-amylase variants with altered properties.
MX2009009371A (en) 2009-09-21 Enhanced production of fatty acid derivatives.
MX345026B (en) 2017-01-12 Web material and method for making same.
MX346871B (en) 2017-03-24 Fibrous structures and methods for making same.


TRONbet players are starting to think more and more how to get ANTE token, some have come with strategies on how to bet and others have been trading on the site chat and we all know how dangerous is that.
The MINIMUM TRADE is 100 ANTE with a FEE of 500 TRX, this 500 TRX is devided by the buyer and seller meaning each side has to pay 250 TRX to the BROKER, meaning about $5 each side PER TRADE.
Asking Broker's questions is fine. Please no general chat or advertisement or off topic non trade talk or you will be removed from the group.
The procedure of the trade is very straight forward but you ask yourself how do I send and recieve the coins, this is the technical part that is explain on the PDF, I'll try to make it easy for you providing links and going into a few details.
Right after you install Guildchat APP you need to create an account, it will ask for your phone number and a password, then the app will send you an SMS Chat with the verification code, after this you will be able to login to the app, phone may ask your to allow a few permissions for the app, click allow and proceed.
4-Tap the '+' button at the top right corner of the screen, and select Create Wallet.
6-From here, select Tron to import your TRON WALLET, is able to hold TRX20 token.
After this the procedure as explain before is very standard, buyer and seller agree on a price, buyer sends TRX to broker, seller sends ANTE to broker, broker sends ANTE to buyer and TRX to seller.


text:
Loveland clerk Patti Garcia accepts Wellington…
Loveland clerk Patti Garcia accepts Wellington administrator role
Garcia was hired by the city in 2018
By Max Levy | mlevy@prairiemountainmedia.com | Loveland Reporter-Herald
PUBLISHED: November 25, 2020 at 7:36 p.m. | UPDATED: November 25, 2020 at 7:36 p.m.
City of Loveland
Patti Garcia
Loveland City Clerk Patti Garcia has been tapped by the Wellington Board of Trustees to be the town's new administrator and plans to begin in her new role Tuesday.
In a press release, Garcia said she looked forward to working with the town's staffers and governing board.
"I look forward to getting into the community to hear from residents, even if that will need to look a little bit different to keep everyone safe," she said.
Garcia was hired by the city of Loveland in 2018. She previously served as Windsor's town clerk and acting town manager.
Prior to Garcia, Loveland's City Clerk position was filled by Beverly Walker, who replaced Terry Andrews after the latter retired in 2017.
The release from the town of Wellington says Garcia was chosen after a national search conducted by Peckham & McKenney Inc.
Wellington Mayor Troy Hamman said Garcia's familiarity with the region was one of the main reasons why she was selected by the board.
"Wellington is underway with big infrastructure projects that will ensure success for the future of our town that is well positioned for smart growth," he said in the release. "Welcoming a candidate (who) understands all of this but also keeps in mind our small-town qualities that we citizens value so much is a huge add."
Loveland had not announced a new pick for Garcia's role as of Wednesday evening.
The duties of the City Clerk's Office include overseeing municipal elections, fulfilling public records requests and handling licenses for businesses.
Max Levy
Max Levy has covered city government for the Loveland Reporter-Herald, joining the staff in 2019. Previously, he worked for the Holyoke Enterprise in Holyoke, Colorado. He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 2018.
mlevy@prairiemountainmedia.com
How they voted: Loveland-area congressional votes for Jan. 8-14, 2021


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Do the numbers on your scale keep creeping up? Are your clothes feeling a bit too tight? Well, in a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a significant number of people who live in colder parts of the country tend to gain weight during winter. Furthermore, not all of the weight gained in winter is lost in the following summer. This data, along with other research, corroborates that "winter weight gain" is a very real phenomena.
Why Does Winter Weight Gain Happen?
There are many reasons that people might gain weight in winter. Here are some of the common ones.
1. People stop exercising in winter. It's cold outside, so going for a jog doesn't seem too appealing. Even heading to the gym might seem like more effort simply because you have to drive through the cold.
2. Many don't like out of season fruits and vegetables as the taste can be slightly different. Zucchini, tomatoes and various kinds of berries just aren't as appealing as they are when picked during the spring and summer months. As a result, people select more unhealthy foods instead.
3. Carbohydrate consumption spikes. Researchers have found that in the winter months, people will often turn to carbs as a comfort food. Carbohydrates can help reduce stress and give a temporary sense of wellbeing (from serotonin release), but ultimately results in excess weight gain.
4. You could be too warm at night. People often combat the cold by burrowing under comforters and blankets. I know I am guilty of this. Unfortunately, being too warm at night actually reduces your sleep. Researchers have linked poor sleep and lack of sleep with weight gain. In other words, too many blankets at night can contribute to weight gain.
5. Some doctors actually think it's natural. Much like bears and other hibernating animals, some doctors believe that we simply evolved to store more fat and thus retain more heat in the winter months.
What can you do about winter weight gain?
First, set an exercise plan in motion and stick to it. It could be an entirely home-based exercise plan, or it could involve going outdoors. Try to predict any objections you might have in the future (it's cold, the gym is far, etc.) and come up with solutions for them beforehand.
Start planning your meals. Instead of spontaneously eating whatever's around, be deliberate about what you cook and what you eat. A lot of winter weight gain happens because what you spontaneously want to eat changes.
Finally, don't overdo it on your meals. We've already made it through the triple whammy of Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year, so there is less temptation to eat unhealthy. Enjoy healthy meals and eat till you're full – but no more.
Winter weight gain is a very real phenomenon. Fortunately, proper exercise and nutrition can still help you prevent weight gain – and possibly even lose some weight.


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All Posts in #Facilities Services
Stories of Service: Adrian Weekly '20 and Joe Alfieri
Friday, November 15, 2019, By Leah Lazarz
In celebration of Veterans Week 2019, the University is recognizing stories of student veterans and faculty/staff who are veterans or have especially strong connections to the military. These stories are just some of the many from the veteran and military-connected…
Keri Courtwright Connects Those in Need with Those Who Can Help
Tuesday, October 29, 2019, By Kelly Homan Rodoski
A moment of Facebook scrolling two years ago changed Keri Courtwright's life and led to the creation of a community resource to help those in need. Courtwright was looking at her Facebook news feed when she saw a message from…
Auxiliary Services, Facility Services Complete Latest Residence Hall Upgrades
Thursday, September 19, 2019, By Jennifer Horvath
As summer 2019 came to a close, the Syracuse University campus was a hive of activity. Last-minute paint touch-ups went onto walls, closet doors were re-adjusted and the crinkling sounds of plastic-wrapped mattresses filled the hallways of DellPlain Hall. This…
Facilities Services Plans Enhanced Services for Winter Accessibility
Thursday, August 29, 2019, By News Staff
Even in the summer heat, Facilities Services staff members remain attentive as to how they can continue to better serve the campus community when the first snowflakes start to fall. To improve campus accessibility during the winter months, staff members…
Job Fair Brings Together Those Seeking Positions with Opportunities in Food Services, Facilities Services
Tuesday, July 23, 2019, By Keone Weigl
On Wednesday, July 10, Syracuse University hosted a community-based job event as part of the University's Building Local initiative. This was the second event focused on fostering local opportunities, partnerships and business relationships. The first was a Procurement Fair held…
Tips for Getting Your Yard Ready for Warm Weather
Tuesday, April 23, 2019, By Kelly Homan Rodoski
Pat Carroll is just finishing his first year working at Syracuse University. He was a golf course superintendent for 37 years and now is the grounds manager for the University's Facilities Services. Carroll leads a crew of 57 staff members…


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Q: PHP in_array doesn't work or work strange Sorry for my bad English , but i have problem which i cant solve.
I have arrays which contains arrays with key "tags" (i will call it tag-array).In some tag-arrays are same values so i want create one array which will contain values from tag-arrays without repetition.
list of values i have in tag-arrays:
=================
php
bootstrap
html
css
=================
php
=================
bootstrap
=================
laravel
=================
php

Example of array which contain tag-array :
        Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [id] => 5
                [project_name] => Something 5
                [info_1] => Some test information 1
                [tags] => Array
                    (
                        [0] => php
                        [1] =>  html
                        [2] =>  bootstrap
                        [3] =>  css
                    )
                [img_1] => 1.jpg
            )
         [1] => Array(...)
         [2] => Array(...)
         [3] => Array(...)
         [4] => Array(...)
}

What i did to make new sorted array :
public function sortTags($data){
        $works_number = $this->getCountWorks(); //count arrays
        $new_arr =  array();
        for($i=0; $i < $works_number; $i++){
            foreach ($data[$i]['tags'] as $key => $val) {
                if(!in_array($val, $new_arr)){
                    array_push($new_arr, $val);
                }
            }
        }
        echo "Debug :

";
        print_r($new_arr);
        echo "
";
    }

What expected :
Array
(
    [0] => php
    [1] =>  html
    [2] =>  bootstrap
    [3] =>  css
    [6] => laravel
)

Real resault (take a look that i have one more array where is also "php" but function sorted it and didn't write) :
Array
(
    [0] => php
    [1] =>  html
    [2] =>  bootstrap
    [3] =>  css
    [4] => php
    [5] => bootstrap
    [6] => laravel
)

So why my fucntion dont do what i want (and how fix it) and why function SORTED LAST ELEMENT?

A: Your code didn't work because you have whitespace around some of the tags. You need to trim() them before pushing them into the array. If you want them sorted, you need to call sort() on the array.
public function sortTags($data){
    $works_number = $this->getCountWorks(); //count arrays
    $new_arr =  array();
    for($i=0; $i < $works_number; $i++){
        foreach ($data[$i]['tags'] as $key => $val) {
            $val = trim($val);
            if(!in_array($val, $new_arr)){
                array_push($new_arr, $val);
            }
        }
    }
    sort($new_arr);
    echo "Debug :

";
    print_r($new_arr);
    echo "
";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Related Group of Florida hopes to build a 22-story residential rental tower on 1 acre between Brickell Avenue and Biscayne Bay.
The location includes the former site of Dr. James Jackson's historic Miami home. The 102-year-old home was demolished a year ago after a fire led the city to condemn the building.
Oscar Rodriguez, assistant vice president of The Related Group, known for building luxury condos, said construction of the $30 million Brickell Bay Tower at 186 SE 12th Terrace could begin early next year. The Related Group's contract to buy the land expires May 23, Mr. Rodriguez said, with an asking price of $3.5 million.
The design requires approval by the city's planning department, but the proposal shows one tower with 138 apartments and 155 parking spaces. Mr. Rodriguez said some of the units are planned as hotel suites.
Neighbors have not opposed the proposal but Nelly Zamora, of Point View Association, which represents many homeowners east of Brickell, said residents are worried about the amount of construction between 12th and 14th streets and the increase in parking problems, litter and traffic.
"We are willing to work with developers," she said, "if they are willing to address issues like parking, traffic, signs, dust and noise."
Other residential projects under construction or planned for the east Brickell area include three by developer Tibor Hollo on Brickell Bay Drive. Those are the 645-unit Brickell Bay Plaza, a 347-unit rental building and a third one, now in design stages, planned for 3 acres. The 48-story Jade at Brickell Bay is also in the planning phase on the same street and a 152-unit residential tower has been proposed for 14th Street.


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Watford – Newcastle United
Watford enters the pitch against Newcastle United at the Vicarage Road in a fixture from the 35th week of the Premier League. We are going to share with you our preview for this match. Stay with us and our football expert betting tips.
Right now Watford are safe, but they are dangerously close to the relegation zone. The Hornets are 17th in the league with 31 points which is just four points more than the 18th Aston Villa. At this moment it's not clear if they are going to keep their place in the elite division or not. They have to make an effort as strong as possible.
In their previous game Watford recorded a very, very important win. Nigel Pearson's boys hosted Norwich City and played their cards right, winning the match with 2-1. The visitors got ahead after just four minutes of playing, but Watford turned it around with goals from Dawson and Welbeck.
Everyone at Watford is aware with the situation. It's not the best possible place for the team to be, but it is what it is – they need to push and survive, that's the plan.
Newcastle United approach this game from 13th place in the standings. The Magpies have 43 points won so far which is at least a guarantee that they will remain in the Premier League. Steve Bruce can be happy with the season of his team. They are out of danger and this is the most important thing.
In their last match Newcastle suffered their 13th loss for the season. The Magpies paid a visit to Manchester City and got badly crushed for a 0-5 defeat. It was not a pleasant experience, that's for sure.
These are our football expert betting tips for the Premier League match between Watford and Newcastle United at the Vicarage Road. Can the Hornets make a step toward survival?


For more than 35 years, Lewis Brisbois has specialized in interpreting insurance contracts of all kinds and in representing insurers in complex coverage claims and extra-contractual litigation. Such representation includes monitoring, mediations, arbitrations and declaratory relief litigation in state and federal courts throughout the United States.
Today, Lewis Brisbois has one of the largest insurance practices in the United States, with more than 100 lawyers across the country specializing in insurance law. As our clients will attest, there are reasons for this growth. First, we provide clear, objective advice when our clients' rights and obligations under their policies are challenged. Second, if a coverage or claim handling dispute enters litigation, we defend our clients' position vigorously, creatively and efficiently.
We represent major insurers and their policyholders in real estate and title disputes and litigation. We defend title insurers against extra-contractual claims and litigation. We are members of the California Land Title Association (CLTA) and have represented CLTA and American Land Title Association as amicus curiae in appellate matters.
We have represented statutory authorities and associations of insurers, such as the California FAIR Plan Association, the California Insurance Guaranty Association and the California Earthquake Authority.


If at any moment your heart decides to stop working, it's game over.
You probably already know a few ways to protect your heart - reduce your stress, watch your cholesterol, and exercise regularly. Yet, heart disease still remains the second highest killer in our country, next to cancer. Why is that?
It's clear that STRESS is one factor that's difficult to control. Yes, you can eat leafy greens, and go to the gym 5 times a week, but encountering a difficult client, or conflict at work where someone's comments got under your skin - this can be difficult to let go of in the moment. The problem is that in that moment and for awhile afterwards, your heart beats a little faster, and your blood vessels narrow while a surge of hormones revs your body up. This is stress. When you experience stress for prolonged periods it places a lot of pressure on your poor heart. Hence the term high blood pressure (hypertension)!
If you haven't gotten it checked yet, find out if your blood pressure reading is normal.
Learning to accept difficult situations as they are can free yourself of anger, fear, and worry. But I understand if you haven't quite mastered your Zen moment yet. It's okay. The great news is that there are 5 foods that will help you through stressful situations. These foods will support your body, calm it down, and reign back on your body's stress reaction.
You may well be aware that whole grains are high in fibre which help to reduce cholesterol and therefore help prevent heart disease. But did you know that grains have a calming effect on the mind according to Chinese Medicine? In western science, oats are known to increase a hormone called serotonin, which helps to calm the mind and alleviate anxiety. If you've ever craved sweets or carbs when you felt stressed, you can probably relate. Starting your day with whole grains like oatmeal may help to calm the mind and prevent long term illnesses like heart disease.
Looking to start or end the day on a calm note? Matcha tea is a great option. Traditionally it was used during Japanese ceremonies to help individuals discuss matters in a calm state of mind. It might be a great idea to keep some Matcha in your office and offer it to someone before a meeting! Talk about bringing you back into your Zen moment. Matcha tea is best brewed with water between 65-80 degrees celsius. Too hot, and it will start to taste like grass.
After a heated conversation or bout of frustration, peppermint is a cooling tea that can quickly chill you out, leaving you feeling relaxed and at ease. I usually enjoy it with a slice of lemon.
Are your anxious thoughts keeping you up at night? Bitter melon has a history of treating insomnia. You can find it at your local grocery store, or sometimes in the form of tea at health food stores. This exotic fruit looks like a bright green cucumber with some wrinkles. A traditional way of preparing it is with broccoli, beef slices, black bean sauce, and spiced with thinly sliced ginger.
Red foods also have an impact on the heart in Chinese Medicine. Beets are good for nourishing the heart, cleansing the blood, and reducing high blood pressure, all of which may help to put your heart at ease.
If your blood pressure is high and you're looking to get to the root cause of the problem I offer personalized 1-on-1 sessions where we can discuss your health concerns and how acupuncture & food therapy can help. Feel free to book your consultation here.


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The 2 Biggest Ways Technology Takes a Toll on Your Health
A Computer Use Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics discovered that 77 million Americans access a computer during the workday to use the internet or email. Many spend multiple hours on the computer at a time. This isn't counting smartphones and tablet usage.
There's no doubt about it: Screens are grabbing our attention at the workplace and beyond. Unfortunately, this all takes its toll on our eyes and ears.
A Nielsen report found that adults in the United States spent 21 hours a week using these devices. While such devices are generally safe, there are health risks to watch out for.
Screens Can Strain the Eyes
Staring at a screen, whether it's a smartphone, tablet or computer, can cause eyestrain. It's a common problem that 31 percent of Americans say they've experienced.
Eyestrain symptoms include pain around the eyes, dry eyes, blurred or double vision, and an increased sensitivity to light. These symptoms can sometimes lead to drowsiness.
The risk of eyestrain increases the longer you spend looking at screens, and extensive screen use is common. According to The Vision Council, more than 87 percent of Americans use screens for more than two hours a day.
Using computers, tablets and smartphones for more than two hours at a time increases the risk of eyestrain because of the glare of the screen and the tendency to blink less while using these devices. People tend to blink one-third as often when they are looking at screens compared with when they are doing other activities.
Eyestrain won't cause permanent vision problems, but symptoms can be uncomfortable.
These tips can help you keep your eyes feeling their best:
Take a 20-second break from screens every 20 minutes, and look at something at least 20 feet away.
Position your computer screen at about arm's length and slightly below your line of vision.
If your eyes are dry, use artificial tears.
Reduce or redirect lighting to limit glare. But don't darken the room too much. If your screen is a lot brighter than the surrounding area, your eyes have to work harder.
Increase the text size and the contrast on your devices.
If you wear contact lenses, switch to your glasses occasionally.
Headphones and Hearing Loss
Listening to music, podcasts or other recordings on headphones can make your work a little more pleasurable, but it may also damage your hearing.
Listening at a high volume can especially affect your hearing, but even moderately loud sound levels can cause problems over time.
Sound travels from the outside of the ear, through the ear canal and the eardrum and vibrates the malleus, incus and stapes, which then send the sound to the cochlea. The cochlea has many tiny hair cells that vibrate in response to the sound and turn that vibration into an electrical response that travels to the brain. These cochlear hair cells get damaged from too much sound or from being exposed to sound for too long, so that they can't transmit the sound anymore. Once damaged, they cannot grow back.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery reports that 10 million Americans have irreversible noise-induced hearing loss, and 30 million are exposed to dangerous noise levels daily.
Loud sounds can sometimes cause pain or ringing in your ears. But even if you're not noticing any symptoms, you can still be damaging your hearing.
These tips can help you maintain your hearing while enjoying your favorite songs:
Turn the volume as low as you can while still hearing the music.
Limit the time you spend using headphones.
Choose over-the-ear headphones rather than earbuds.
Use noise-canceling headphones.
Limit the maximum volume on your device, if possible. Many phones offer this option.
Concerned about your technology usage?
Talk to a doctor today.
What You Need to Know About the Flu Shot This Year
Wearing a Mask: Myths and Facts
Deciding If It's Safe to Go Out
Beat the Winter Sniffles with These 7 Immune-Boosting Tips
Everything You Need to Know About Winter Bugs
How Much Do You Know About Breast Cancer?
Get Moving with These Easy Workplace Exercise Tips
Get the Myths and Facts About 6 Cancer Risk Factors
Everything You Need to Know About Heat Stroke
Is It a Headache or Something More Serious?


In this video Attorneys Gregory Dell & Victor Peña discuss a recent court decision in which the Illinois District court placed no significance on treating physician's silence to biased opinion letter. The courts also criticized United of Omaha for failing to obtain independent examinations.
Sixth Circuit remands United of Omaha Life to engage in a meaningful review process in evaluating long term disability benefits for claimant with chronic back pain.


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Thesis, antithesis and synthesis: on Pramoedya Ananta Toer by Annee Lawrence
March 16, 2021 / mascara / 0 Comments
Navigable Ink
by Jennifer McKenzie
ISBN:P 978-1-925760-52-1
Transit Lounge
Reviewed by ANNEE LAWRENCE
Jennifer Mackenzie's collection of poems Navigable Ink takes inspiration from, reveres and amplifies the life events, writings, reflections and concerns with history of the Indonesian author and activist, Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006). The idea of writing the poems emerged after Mackenzie was asked to translate Pramoedya's Arus Balik (Cross-Currents) in 1993.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer was born in the small Javanese town of Blora in what was then the Netherlands East Indies. His most famous work, the Buru Quartet novels – This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps and House of Glass – covers, in his own words, Indonesia's time of Nationalist Awakening during the first two decades of the twentieth century.
Based on the life of the pioneer journalist Tirto Adi Suryo 1, the novels follow a young man, Minke's, developing political awareness and consciousness of the colonial apartheid system. As his story unfolds, the reader is drawn into an emerging vision of a new country – Indonesia, and of a new national language and cultural identity – Indonesian. 2
When Suharto's New Order government came to power after a military coup in 1965, it did so by overthrowing the government of the nation's first President, Sukarno (in power since 1945) 3. The coup unleashed widespread violence and the extrajudicial bloody deaths of more than half a million people who were labelled communist or communist sympathiser. Feminists, trade union leaders, teachers, artists, writers, doctors, farmers, university lecturers, and all kinds of progressive community leaders lost their lives. Of those who survived, many were shipped without trial or sentence to the island of Buru where they were forced to do hard labour.
Pramoedya was imprisoned three times during his life: in 1947-1949 by the Dutch, for nine months in the 1950s by the Sukarno government, and in 1965-1979 by Suharto's New Order regime. At the time of his arrest and imprisonment in Jakarta on 13 October 1965, his house was ransacked and his library and eight of his manuscripts were burned.
Mackenzie's poem, 'Manuscripts in My Library Destroyed by the Mob' lists Pramoedya's works and writing that were stolen or burned in 1965 – works about and by Kartini and other women writers before Kartini, a collection of Sukarno's short stories, a preliminary Study of the History of the Indonesian Language – the list is telling. They represent the voices that must be silenced, histories that must be erased or reinterpreted including that of the birth of the country's national language. When Pramoedya sought to recover 'two volumes of Pre-Indonesian Literature' he was told by the director of the Balai Pustaka (the Government Publishing and Printing House) that they were 'burned at the request of his superiors'.
After four years in prison, Pramoedya was taken 1500 kilometres east by ship to the island of Buru on 16 August 1969, where he remained as a political prisoner until 12 November 1979. Buru was a barren, infertile swamp and life for the political prisoners was characterised by daily beatings, hard labour, hunger and filthy conditions. In the poem 'Writing Materials', Mackenzie captures the insane mechanics of the arbitrary and senseless repression on Buru that denied the author pen and paper.
there was no pen, no paper
then there was
after many years
I wrote
I remember none of
At the poem's conclusion Mackenzie does not look away from the trauma that has done its work: 'nightmares lap the house/which wall is crumbling?'
The eventual provision of writing materials allowed Pramoedya to finally begin to write the four novels of the Buru quartet that had been kept alive in his memory by narrating them to his fellow political prisoners.
On returning home to East Jakarta on 21 December 1979, Pramoedya was placed under house arrest and made to report weekly to the local police station. For almost two decades, he and his family endured constant and systemic discrimination and surveillance. As each of his books was published during the 1980s and 1990s, they were banned – allegedly for spreading Marxism-Leninism and Communism.
During Suharto's thirty-three-year New Order regime, the gap between rich and poor widened, and corruption, cronyism and fraud became widespread. When the economic crisis took hold in the latter part of 1997, the country's students faced down the authorities and took to the streets, and the seemingly entrenched President was finally forced to stand down on 21 May 1998.
In Navigable Ink's opening poem, 'Before Nightfall', there is at first moonlight and tranquillity, but attention soon shifts to the sea – gara gara – turbulence, trouble, stormy weather, and 'frenzied moonlit waves' that threaten those on board. On the shore there is the howling of forest dogs. From the darkness, having disappeared from view of family and society for more than fourteen years, the political exile returns white-headed to his family, finds his daughters once more at his side, 'forest and grassland will always greet/each other', while they giggle and tease 'You look like Hanuman', the white monkey general of the Ramayana.
Images of the sea, the coast, boats, boat journeys, and foreign armadas appearing to bomb the islands' ports with cannon ball – 'they want to plant their flags on this very shore!' – are threaded throughout different poems. They mark devastating invasion and journeys into exile. Life goes on and there is a unity of design, the link to precolonial and colonial events, the death or enforced exile of those who use words to agitate and need to be shut up, and the relentless environmental destruction caused by cutting down forests to make way for cash crops (most recently palm oil plantations).
In 'Daendels as Wayang Puppet Watching Over Us' Mackenzie draws on Pramoedya's film essay, Jalan Raya Pos (the Great Post Road) 4, with translations of Pramoedya's text captured on the right side of the poem, alongside the scenes filmed on the road of workers 'sodden, flooded, collecting sand/this rushing river', 'stoking the furnace of the sugar mill', trying to repair 'a mudslide', and of 'a wayang performance/the puppets of Daendels, the Regent of Sumedang/a cracking gamelan/battle it out'.
The one-thousand-kilometre Great Post Road extends across northern Java, from Anyer on the West coast to the port of Panurukan in the East. It is the ghosted legacy of the Dutch Governor-General Daendels who in just one year in 1809 conscripted Javanese labourers to build it. Many died in the process.
In the film essay, the road remains the lifeblood of transport and communication for cars, carts, public buses, and trucks, but its history echoes the Suharto era's own use of the unpaid labour of the political prisoners to build roads and bridges on Buru, and the inequality, poverty and poor working conditions of those at work along the road.
One of the scenes of ordinary daily life and survival captured is the attempt of a driver to repair his broken down truck in pouring rain. Mackenzie captures this in 'Writer's Block'.
rain soaking
a break down
diesel fumes rising like clouds
a rinse in the river of spare parts
the bus will rattle into life
The poem draws on other scenes from the film essay including one in which Pramoedya admits that when he is affected by writer's block, the study of his homeland and its history are a key tool for organising his thoughts.
The film also bears witness to Pramoedya's daily routine. The passing of time. The push-ups, the burning of rubbish, the 'click click click' of the typewriter. The joy of grandchildren. Trauma kept at bay.
Mackenzie's poems reflect the contemporary as well as the past. Young people leave their rural towns and villages to seek better lives on the coast where they find themselves living on the margins of broken dreams – as drivers, tea pickers, sand miners, or carting bamboo as in 'The Buffaloes':
the buffaloes, in a choreography of the tethered,
lift their feet lightly
above the wagon
drooping bamboo branches
sway, leaves catching the light
at the swirling's centre the driver's steady gaze
In the three-part poem 'Memories of the Revolution', 'Bandung Conference 1955' recalls the coming together of emerging nations called on by Sukarno (as NEFOS – new emerging forces) to refuse allegiance to one or other side of the Cold War. In the second part, 'Borobodur 1959' depicts a visit to Indonesia by Che Guevara. In part three, 'Jakarta 1995', the Cold War has ended, the prisoners from Buru have returned to their families where they are demeaned and discriminated against as ex political prisoners (TAPOL). This ongoing persecution (denial of jobs and education) under the New Order government extends to their children and other close family members.
In 'Jakarta 1995' the snapshot of scenes from daily life at home skews to the right across the page, fulfilling a pattern of days in the present, 'watering the plants', 'gazing over to the/neighbourhood kids/springing about/flying kites', but still reckoning with the past, still 'thinking of Sukarno', and arriving at a single word, 'sunyata' – in truth.
For Pramoedya, remembering is agency, truth telling, and revolutionary act. And personal survival, relationship and day-to-day living are necessarily intertwined with the political.
The poems in Mackenzie's collection are a brilliantly realised weaving of Pramoedya's preoccupation with the images and episodes of history which flow like ghosts into the present. If the nation could be 'unified politically and administratively by Soekarno without spilling blood – an exceptional occurrence in humanity's history',5 – then how are we to understand the widespread horrific violence against their own that exploded in the wake of the US military-backed coup in 1965?
Pramoedya interrogates history and demands that the present be understood, and if it can be understood, he asks, then what is the role of the literary writer? In his essay, 'My Apologies, in the Name of Experience' he writes that 'as a person and a writer who shares in bearing the burden of change', he regards the era of Sukarno (until 1965) and the Trisakti doctrine as 'nothing but a sort of thesis. The New Order, an antithesis. Therefore, for me, it is something that in fact cannot be written about yet, a process that cannot yet be written as literature, that does not yet constitute a national process in its totality, because it is in fact still heading for its synthesis.'6
In the last poem in the collection 'Dawn', the train heads east from Gambir station, crossing through the countryside,
red mounds of earth high as small hills
on either side of the narrow track farewell
what I sense of
And, at the end, a self that wears the marks and traces of brutal capture and incarceration, but who also goes on amid the details of daily living.
a chattering of bicycles and tea stalls
among the mud and puddles left after rain
my skin,
hoed, black beaten, weathered, flaking away
Mackenzie's Navigable Ink honours the inspiring, rich literary legacy of Indonesia's most notable writer and pays tribute to his refusal to be silenced, subjugated or compromised. It is a wonderful collection that repays multiple readings.
1. Max Lane translated the Buru Quartet and as he writes in his Introduction to Footsteps (1990): 'Tirto Adi Suryo was publisher and editor of the first native-owned daily paper, instigator of the first "legal aid service", co-founder of the first modern political organization, co-publisher of the first magazine for women, and a pioneer of indigenous literature in the language of the nation yet to be born. All this and more is brought to life for the reader in an amazing adventure of intellectual discovery and emotion.'
(p. 10)
2. Max Lane, Introduction, in Footsteps by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Penguin, 1990, p. 10.
3. In 1942 the Netherlands East Indies surrendered to the Japanese and, after the war ended, the
Indonesian nationalist leaders, Sukarno and Hatta, declared Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1945. Sukarno was the nation's first president and Hatta its vice-president. After four years of struggle, the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence in 1949.
4. Jalan Raya Pos 1996, with Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Directed by Bernie IJdis.
5. Chris GoGwilt, 1996. 'Pramoedya's Fiction and History: An Interview With Indonesian Novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer, January 16, 1995, Jakarta, Indonesia', The Yale Journal of Criticism 9.1: 147-164. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/journals/yale_journal_of_criticism/v009/9.1toer01.html
6. See Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1991. 'My Apologies in the Name of Experience'. Translation and
Afterword by Alex G Bardsley, 1996. https://sites.google.com/site/pramoedyasite/home/works-in-
translation/my-apologies-in-the-name-of-experience In the essay, Pramoedya relates that 'the period of Guided Democracy in the last years of the 50s and first half of the 60s, [was] the period of the Trisakti doctrine – political sovereignty, economic self-reliance, cultural integrity – a doctrine that, while universal among nationalist states everywhere, was, however, a bogey for the countries stuffed with capital, and hungry for new fields of enterprise around the world. History teaches much about the power of capital. … The governments of so many states it turns into mere instruments of its will; and when they are no longer wanted, they are overthrown.'
ANNEE LAWRENCE'S debut novel, The Colour of Things Unseen (Aurora Metro, UK, 2020), engages with the rich cultural life that exists between Indonesians and Australians. She was the inaugural recipient of the Asialink Arts Tulis Australia-Indonesia Writing Exchange in 2018 (at Komunitas Salihara in Jakarta) and has published in New Writing, Griffith Review, Hecate, Cultural Studies Review and the online University of Edinburgh Dangerous Women Project.


text:
Q: Как отследить из aiohttp.web.WebSocket, что клиент уже отключился? Как определить со стороны сервера, что WebSocket клиент уже от него отключился (приложение закрыли)?
У меня есть такой код клиента:
import asyncio
import os

import aiohttp.web

HOST = os.getenv('HOST', '127.0.0.1')
PORT = int(os.getenv('PORT', 8881))

async def testhandle(request):
    print("server: into testhandle()")
    return aiohttp.web.Response(text='Test handle')

async def websocket_handler(request):
    print('Websocket connection starting')
    ws = aiohttp.web.WebSocketResponse()
    await ws.prepare(request)
    print('Websocket connection ready')

    async for msg in ws:
        if msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.TEXT:
            #print(msg.data)
            if msg.data == 'close':
                await ws.close()
            else:
                await ws.send_str("You said: {}".format(msg.data))
        elif msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.ERROR:
            print('ws connection closed with exception %s' %
                  ws.exception())

    print('Websocket connection closed')
    return ws

def main():
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    app = aiohttp.web.Application(loop=loop)
    app.add_routes([aiohttp.web.get('/', websocket_handler),
                    aiohttp.web.get('/test', testhandle)])
    aiohttp.web.run_app(app, host=HOST, port=PORT)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

И сервер никогда не завершает свою работу, пока не получит "close" от клиента.
Но я бы хотел, чтобы сервер выводил когда клиент отключился...
В tornado это делалось примерно так:
    msg = await self.ws.read_message()
    if msg is None:
        print_with_preampula ("connection closed")
        self.ws = None
        break

A в aiohttp что то не могу этого добиться. Подкажите пожалуйста как это сделать?


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text:
Inner Spirit Holdings Announces Licence for New Spiritleaf Corporate Store in Jasper And Opening of Additional Spiritleaf Franchised Store in Calgary
Inner Spirit Holdings Ltd., a Canadian company establishing a national network of retail cannabis stores under its Spiritleaf brand, announced it has received a licence from Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis (the "AGLC") for a corporate-owned retail cannabis store in Jasper, Alberta, the commercial centre of Jasper National Park. The store will be located in Jasper at 618 Patricia Street and will open this month.
The Company also announced that its franchised retail cannabis store in Calgary's Crescent Heights community at 920 Centre Street NE is expected to open on Wednesday, July 3. Please visit www.spiritleaf.ca for more information, including operating hours.
"Spiritleaf will be an awesome addition to the town of Jasper and for people enjoying the National Park in the Canadian Rockies," said Darren Bondar, President and CEO of Inner Spirit. "Our team is excited to open in the heart of the town centre and to provide a quality recreational cannabis experience to the community of Jasper and for park visitors. Additionally, the opening of another Calgary-based retail cannabis store further solidifies our expanding network in the key Alberta market. We look forward to continuing our push to obtain licences and open locations for retail cannabis stores as we efficiently build out Spiritleaf's national network to serve customers and drive value for investors."
The retail cannabis stores referenced today arrive on the heels of recent store openings in Calgary (Beltline) and Edmonton (Old Strathcona), Alberta and in Castlegar and Vernon, British Columbia. Spiritleaf-branded retail cannabis stores are also open and operating in Brooks, Lethbridge, St. Albert, Calgary (Stonegate) and Edmonton (Argyll), Alberta; Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan; and Kingston, Ontario.