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A paramilitary policeman faces the sunrise while patrolling Tiananmen Square on a hazy morning in Beijing.
Features » January 17, 2006
When Red Goes Green
A burgeoning Chinese environmental movement tries to stem the devastation wrought by the country's massive economic transformation.
BY Jehangir Pocha (Beijing)
In November, much of China watched in horror as work crews struggled to contain a benzene spill that polluted the northeastern Songhua River and disrupted drinking water supplies to about 12 million people in the region for more than a week.
But even those watching the event unfold on TV from the comfort of their homes in Beijing weren't entirely safe from the effects of China's increasing environmental decay. China's capital is one of the most polluted in the world and lung cancer is now the number one cause of death here, according to China's own State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA). A thick cloud of sulfur envelops the city most evenings and a recent picture taken from NASA's Terra satellite showed the entire city covered by a nearly opaque band of gray smog.
With more and more people suddenly finding themselves directly affected by endemic pollution, public awareness of and anger over China's deteriorating environment is growing. And so is their willingness to take risks and do something about it, despite the strictures on organized political activity in this authoritarian state.
"People are taking a stand," says Dai Qing, a political and environmental activist who was jailed during the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989. Dai emerged from prison to champion opposition to the giant Three Gorges Dam, which she calls "the most environmentally and socially destructive project in the world."
In the decade since China's first environmental NGO, Friends of Nature, was allowed to be registered in 1994, more than 2,000 environmental NGOs have risen all over the country, according to government reports. Once disparate, under-funded, untrained and badly equipped, many of these NGOs are now learning how to organize and empower themselves. Over the last two months, Dai has been running a communications workshop for local NGO workers from a small office within the bowels of a humble-looking residential neighborhood in Beijing.
Zheng Jun Feng, 43, a scientist with Green Remote, a local NGO that studies satellite imaging and remote sensing data, says he attended the sessions because he needs to find better ways to get around the controls and constraints the Chinese government places on his work.
"I want to learn how to take my thoughts and ideas to foreign friends," Zheng says, echoing the view of many activists here who say foreign money and expertise is critical for China's budding NGOs to grow.
A widening impact
This call is being increasingly heeded abroad. Dai says her sessions are being co-sponsored by Probe International, a Canadian environmental watchdog group, and George Soros' Open Society Institute. One reason international aid is flowing to China's environmental NGOs is that while China's booming economy is buoying global markets, the environmental fallout of this production is spreading.
"A lot of sulfur dioxide and other pollutants from China are reaching Japan with the western wind and even the west coast of the United States," says Dr. Tsutomu Toichi, managing director and chief executive economist of the Institute of Energy Economics in Tokyo.
Yet China, along with other developing nations such as India, is free of any obligations under the Kyoto Protocol, which seeks to reduce the emission of various ozone-depleting gases. (The United States and Australia, who together account for about 27 percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, have also not agreed to sign the protocol.)
A concerned Japan has tried to encourage China, which emits about 25 million tons of acid rain-causing sulfur dioxide each year, to install de-sulfurization units in its coal-fired power plants by providing it with technical know-how and more than $40 million in "green aid." Yet Toichi says that "most Chinese power companies prefer to pay the financial penalties" of not installing the equipment because it's cheaper to do.
Justin Fong, the founder of Moving Mountains, a San Francisco-based NGO helping Dai organize the training sessions, says the activists in his class "may seem ordinary, but they're all doing ground-breaking work, and taking real chances" by trying to change such mentalities.
Initially, Chinese NGOs and journalists had focused on more politically "acceptable" issues, such as tree planting campaigns. But now many are engaged in fierce battles with authorities over the construction of dams and other public works mega-projects, as well as filing lawsuits against polluting factories.
"If we don't speak up, don't take responsibility, our country will be poisoned," says Wu Gang, a journalist with Shanxi Youth Daily who has been fighting China's coal mafia in the mineral-rich central province of Shanxi.
So far, Wu and others like him have had some success, and a growing section of the Chinese leadership has been vocal in calling for China's economic policies to be more environmentally sensitive.
End of the miracle?
China's economic "miracle will end soon because the environment can no longer keep pace," Pan Yue, China's deputy minister for the environment, said in a recent interview with Der Spiegel magazine. "Acid rain is falling on one third of China's territory, half of the water in our seven largest rivers is completely useless. … One third of the urban population is breathing polluted air … [and] because the air and water are polluted we are losing between 8 and 15 percent of our gross domestic product."
Statements like this from senior leaders, including Chinese President Hu Jintao, have also encouraged environmentalists, particularly as SEPA has followed them with some action. Earlier this year, the agency suspended work on 30 large projects worth more than $10 billion after they failed to meet environmental standards. And in December, China's chief environmental regulator, Xie Zhenhua, resigned shortly after the benzene spill in Harbin.
Yet Dai says there has been little change in Beijing's overall economic and environmental policies, which continue to focus on creating the 7 percent annual growth analysts say the country needs to avert domestic political turmoil.
"Real disasters force the government to respond and so they have to say all the right things," Dai says. But "a lot of the words from Hu and [Chinese Premier] Wen Jiabao are just to meet the overlap with the global mood."
What also angers people is that the Chinese government, despite its rhetoric, continues to hide critical information from the public. Just about two months before the accident in Harbin, the Chinese central government had announced that it would stop treating the death toll from natural disasters as a state secret. But any hope that Beijing was moving toward a new transparency was quickly crushed after it became known that the government withheld news of the benzene spill for 10 days because a powerful state-owned company, the China National Petroleum Corporation, had caused the accident.
"There is also little honesty from the government on environmental issues because they fear the truth might cause turmoil in society," says Kongjian Yu, dean of the graduate school of landscape architecture at Peking University and an environmental campaigner. "This is still a society in transition and China's top priority is stability and growth."
Indeed, the Chinese government's development plans and economic policy remain dedicated to cars instead of public transportation, fossil fuels instead of alternative energies and pampering manufacturers with cheap resources instead of pushing them towards greater efficiencies. That's made China the world's largest consumer of coal, grain, steel and meat, and the world's second-largest consumer of gas. As a result, SEPA estimates that, in Beijing alone, 70 to 80 percent of all deadly cancer cases are related to the environment.
"All this is waking Chinese people to environmental issues just as the extinction of the bald eagle awakened Americans to preservation in the 1960s," Yu says.
Fong says the 20-odd public interest lawyers, journalists and nongovernmental organization managers who attend his three-hour sessions after putting in a full day's work are a determined bunch.
"There's this new sense of 'I can,' " Fong says. "And it's not just with the younger generation. Even older people here have a feeling, a passion to change things. This country's future is at stake."
Jehangir Pocha
Jehangir Pocha is the Asia correspondent for In These Times.
"Hardhats vs. Hippies": How the Media Misrepresents the Debate Over the Green New Deal
How Trade Agreements Stand in the Way of an International Green New Deal
We Can't Beat Climate Change Under Capitalism. Socialism Is the Only Way.
We Don't Have Time to End Capitalism—But Growth Can Still Be Green.
Across the World, Youth Are Striking for Their Right to a Livable Planet
We're interesting. I think we're doomed, though. Eventually, we will live shorter and shorter lives until we can no longer reproduce, if we are not all killed in a catastrophe or a series of catastrophes. I was thinking last night, that if, samples of humans taken at a stage in our de-evolution when we have roughly the same life span as prehistoric human---around sixteen---could be taken to a new and pristine "earth", then the DNA of those specimens would carry the message to either start deleting the frontal cortex that designs weapons and toxins, or to modify the lizard brain so that it can't use weapons and toxins. Otherwise, it will just be the same thing all over again.
Posted by wileywitch on 2006-01-25 15:30:55
Whoa! By pointing out the disaster from smoking in China I am not in any way seeking to lessen the other impending disaster from polution. Don't you think that man is the worst thing to happen to the planet earth? If I were a poor deluded Christian I would have to wonder if their creationist God were not really Satan in disguise!!
Posted by bobynairn on 2006-01-25 07:23:13
Hi, bobynairn. China, with 1.27 billion people, is home to 20 percent of the world's population and consumes 30 percent of the world's cigarettes. The Chinese government is the largest producer of cigarettes in the world. The study tracked deaths from tobacco in Hong Kong, where the population started smoking about 20 years earlier than the people of mainland China. It takes about 50 years for the full hazard of persistent smoking to emerge. Researchers said the Hong Kong pattern is seen as foreshadowing that of China because the Hong Kong population was able to afford to smoke decades earlier than people on the mainland. Whoa. Seems to be the case that China has a smoking problem, however, that does not mean that the air is is not polluted and that that pollution isn't doing physical harm.
Hmmm. I'm going to look up Hong Kong and lung cancer. Be right back.
There is indeed a high rate of lung cancer in Beijing but it is mostly due to smoking which is incredibly heavy in China. The government are doing next to nothing about this because of the money they rake in as a state monopoly. A Chinese friend says they also hope it will help reduce the population!! I am sure the environmentalists are aware of this. But can they do anything? Bob
Exceeding 300,000 degrees. Either the Chinese have a terrible case of can-do optimism, or the Angolan press is making fun of them. Maybe something was lost in the translation.
Hmmm. Only about 2000 degrees Celsius for lava. How about nuclear blasts?
wha?? This article is a wild one. According to this, China is on the verge of making "infinite energy" with a fusion device, there's just one little catch: If a device is developed that can withstand temperatures as high as 100 million Celsius degrees and control a deuterium-tritium reaction, it will be as though an "artificial sun" had been created able to supply infinite, clean energy for human beings. I wonder what the temperature is inside of a volcano?
Hmmm. I'm a former Texan. Aren't central Texans getting their nuclear energy from Kellog, Brown & Root---a Halliburton subsidiary? I wouldn' trust that company with a book of matches. I can only wonder why statesmen would trust the people who support them. Oregon fought Enron long and hard, but eventually Enron won. After the collapse and publicity, judges in this state were wondering out loud if that little trick where PGE and Enron sold energy back and forth on paper, raising the price each time, was illegal. They were smart enough to figure out that it was unethical. Evidently lobbiests have been working hard for years to make legal unethical practices that have been illegal in the past. My compadre and I have passed on the option of paying more for energy through PGE to help with the development of alternative energy. We figure the electricity is all coming in on the same wire, regardless of how it's generated, and it's not like they're offering us stock in the future. If they hadn't gotten in bed with Enron, perhaps the stockholders would trust them enough to buy stocks in alternative energy. We're supposed to pay more for energy for that warm, fuzzy feeling? Funny where the free market and capitalism begins and ends, isn't it?
WILEYWITCH sure call me Johnny. Satan works too though, and might be more appropriate considering how the FRight wingers have demonized all populist types hahaha. While I totally agree with you, in order to acheive those objectives, a clear path must be laid out. Like you I am amazed at the fools who believe private business can do everything better. Well hey if the Gov't. could cut out it's least profitable or money losing aspects I imagine Gov't. would do fantastic. Then there is also the need to make a profit, which the Gov't. does NOT have. People in Texas are learning how cold-hearted, and calculating utility companies are when it comes to making a profit and taking care of the average person. It has shocked many here to read some quarterly statements from these "private utilties" crowing about how the last 40% or so rate increase guarantees all investors an X dividend or continued high value stock. Say what, the super-abundant Tx. Repugnicans are in dismay? Amazingly they actually believed that the first priority of a private utility in it for a profit would be to actually charge the lowest price they could. Not likely when you have a captive market. Hahaha. Even more shocking the Repugs. are actually starting to feel a bit nervous about private utilities "spinning" their need for improvements as manditory or absolutely essential. "Improvements" that force the users to pay prohibitive rate increases. Turns out the improvements were not usually dire, and the main reason was to get tax incentives from the Feds, further pumping up their profits. By and large it would take a several more head on blows by bats like this to knock some sense into the Repugnican pro-business anti-people establishment in this state. I doubt if it will happen before there is a groundswell of resentment even here from being lied to so purposefully by those who supposedly represent the best of our capitalist system. In Texas you canNOT blame the Gov't. anymore. After a few more years of excuse making, they'll start to wear real thin, and then it will be fun to watch things here ;)
Posted by johnnyincentx on 2006-01-21 16:59:52
I love birds too johnnyincentx. Just hung up a new birdfeeder full of seed, and I'm waiting patiently with my camera and the zoom lens I got for Christmas. How many wrens would it take to make a stew? ;) Can I call you johnny? One of my concerns with nuclear power plants is the bathtub curve. Nuclear power plants are more likely to suffer failures when new or old. I do not remember off the top of my head what constitutes old, and am not going to surf right now because I'm too distractable. My point is, that most of our plants are old right now, and many are not in the best condition. I believe Cheney owns stock in 17 of them. If we're going to rely on nuclear power, then I want to see the plants publicly owned. The profit motive, stockholders, and safety aren't such a good combination. The risks with nuclear power plants and the security risks they pose are profound. Look at Enron. I saw the documentary about Enron, The Smartest Guys In The Room last night. It was fascinating, though it does milk pity for vampires. I like the wind power idea, and the idea of having energy produced as locally as possible.
WileyWitch: You are right in regards to that. But instead of thinking either or, how about doing both? I don't think there is any energy solution that is NOT finite either in terms of supply or amount. A better way to determine whether or not it's a good choice would be to consider the "hidden costs" (something the oil industry never did or does) "environmental impact" "disposal issues" Etc. My personal favorite is wind power. However the environmental extremists are attacking this everywhere. Their main objection is that birds are being killed by the wind generators. Their second is that it is unsightly. OK let's say everything they say is true. Is it really anywhere near the # of birds killed by air pollution and various other deadly chemicals introduced into our environment via burning carbon fuels? And I think it's very subjective to say windmills are unsightly. A little creative thinking and they could be painted to look like works of art. Yet these anti-wind activists are so unyielding, I think that they must be a covert oil industry operation. LOL Oh and let me say I'm a bird-lover. I spend too much money feeding those winged rascals. After viewing them for years, I also canNOT believe they are that stupid or easily fooled by a moving windmill. heir eyesight is far better than ours to boot. Don't quote me, but the last time I heard any info on it, we had hundreds of years of nuclear energy available, and that was based on OLD technology. Newer technology potentially can extend this time. Additionally the USA has a supply all it's own. Which if exploited could help a few Native Nations here. Since the supplies are on their land. The solution is NOT 1 source, but many sources, and having each source of energy tailored to the users. In areas where wind power is abundant it should be used. In areas with abundant easy-to-use Sunlight, solar power should be primary and in other places nuclear. All would be connected as we are now in an electric grid that would take and give power from and to areas based on needs. Now as far as the changes you suggest. They need to be done starting now, and here and there they are. If added into the above equation, we could do so much more with less energy for more people. ;)
Well johnnyincentx, I'll take that into consideration. Still, I'm thinking that lowering our demand and changing our architecture and cityscapes will do more in the long run than alternative energy sources. There is design technology and materials now that will lower electric demands by at least half. One question about the nuclear industry is how long before we run out of fuel for that? Surely, nuclear energy is no less finite than fossil fuels. Maybe not? I'd put my money on finity. I need to do a little research on that.
Wiley, YES!
Posted by think4yourself on 2006-01-20 15:44:25
The problem with the anti-nuclear environmentalists is they want ABSOLUTE safety. Their standards are basically impossible to achieve. So instead of nuclear power and it's relatively clean energy, we have the filthy carbon based power. WileyWitch you ARE right that it's hard to dispose of plutonium, BUT ONLY if you demand 100% safety. That's just not possible, and unrealistic. The solutions presented do have extremely LOW risk factors, like Yucca mountain, but the uncompromising anti-nuclear lobby (no doubt a front for oil-companies) demands 0% risk. Nothing in life is zero risk, unless you are dead. If we want a decent, clean environment, liberals, lefties, moderates and centrists have to reign in the Absolutism that defines the envoronmental activists, and demand some compromise. As it is now the nuclear energy industry is the MOST regulated energy sector bar none. That's the reason we haven't seen a new plant built in decades. Yet the anti-nuke absolutist activists would have you believe there are gaping holes in regulation Etc. In a perfect world they'd be right, but in a world being killed inch by inch by carbon based energy use, the dangers seem far more manageable in comparison.
Think4yourself, it is possible to impeach Bush without hating him.
Hi, GrayArea. Being an American that doesn't drive, I do indeed see how hooked on cars this society is. This culture doesn't even understand walking. I can't count the times I've asked for directions and heard "oh, you can't walk---that's too far" when "too far" was about seven to ten blocks. So often, people have expressed pity when I tell them I'm walking. My policy for this is to point out to them that if I told them I ran around in a circle every day they might envy me, so why pity me because I walk. And who hasn't heard of the woman who was "too hot to be riding the bus". Cars have cult status in the U.S. It is a strange dependence. We'll have to hit bottom before we change. Nevertheless, pollution doesn't always express itself where it's made. And don't forget jets polluting the skies. Evidently during that three day grounding after the 9/11 attacks, the air quality improved measurably in the U.S. It would be nice if developing nations didn't make the same mistakes we have. Perhaps they will learn from our disasters.
Brian, I think the "post your commments" section is intended to discuss the current articles, not rant on off the wall topics. Although it is like a Liberal to ignore the current conversation and blame Bush. I know it must be hard for you. And one more thing, the problem is not the person you HATE, it is the fact that you HATE! PEACE
You don't know if it is coming from China? Well the content of your local land fill probably came from China, but you can, no doubt, look a lot closer to home for the cause of your shortness of breath. Most people don't have to look much further than their garage. The blind opposition to effective and comprehensive mass transit systems in most areas boggles the mind. Your city may have an excellent system, but most communities have to fight tooth and nail for a mediocre one. Everything is simply built around the essential notion of a car (and a big one at that). Nuclear power is one thing, but it too has pollution issues down the road. It is really too bad that the only changes people seem willing to accept are the ones where everything remains the same. (oops - turning off the lights in the other room now)
Posted by GrayArea on 2006-01-19 18:49:41
Anyone else having a problem with asthma? Anyone else see a 300 foot ceiling of cloud cover so dense and opaque that it looks like a ceiling painted with a roller and flat latex paint? Anyone else see the air all the way down to the ground? I'm not just talking fog, here---it makes the eyes feel gritty just to step outside sometimes. Near a busy intersection, the eyes burn. I've been holding a scarf in front of my face. I'm starting to hear other people talking about these effects and attributing them to the air. People are saying are also saying, 'at first, I thought I had a flu, but it's not going away'. I'm near the West Coast, and I don't know if knowing the pollution is coming from China helps, but it certainly makes me want to root for those NGOs. It has been raining for 21 days, and the air is anything but sweet smelling. I've been watching for signs of pitting in glass, plexiglass, and metals. None so far. I've heard that street people in a city north of this one were dying from the air pollution. Whoa. Don't care for nuclear power myself---I would absolutely veto unregulated nuclear power, if I had the power; but this pollution is heinous. I'll consider supporting it, and that's a big step for me. I guess it's the plutonium that concerns me most, and the fact that there is no way to safely dispose of it for all the time that a grain of it can cause lung cancer and birth defects. Now that I know that lung cancer is the number one cause of death in Beijing, I'm going to work harder at working up the nerve to wear a mask. It isn't a tin foil hat issue, is it?
Nuclear power is the only practical way to reduce increasingly higher rates of greehouse emissions. No wonder one of the founders of Greenpeace is such a staunch supporter of it. Good call with the impeachment thing Brian. We'll keep our eye on that one. Good luck - believe me, the Dems can't look like buffoons all the time. Something is going to stick! Hopefully! Let's just keep seeing how that pans out moving forward everybody.
Posted by InThoseTimes on 2006-01-18 14:21:31
The impeachment movement has hit the new year running. If you consider the following facts, it's clear that the issue of impeachment has decisively taken off: 1) The People's Impeachment Lobby is a huge success. Members of Congress received more than 70,000 letters urging impeachment. 2) A new Zogby poll will be released tomorrow showing that by a 52% to 43% margin, Americans believe that Congress should consider impeaching George W. Bush if he wiretapped the people of this country without court approval (and everyone knows and Bush has admitted that he ordered just such huge secret spying operation.) The poll, with a plus or minus margin of error of 2.9%, shows that 66% of Democrats, 59% of independents, and 23% of Republicans support impeachment for wiretapping. Majorities favored impeachment across the country: the East (54%), South (53%), and West (52%), Central states (50%). The significance of this poll can be seen by way of comparison with public attitudes in the months before the impeachment of Clinton. In August and September 1998, sixteen major polls found that only 36% supported hearings to impeach Clinton. 3) Even Republican Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman, Arlen Specter, who will be convening hearings next month on Bush
Posted by brian28 on 2006-01-18 12:33:11


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UK ETS auctions to launch in May with higher reserve price
Kathryn Porter2021-03-01T19:29:48+00:0001 March 2021|Energy policy|3 Comments
Last week saw some updates to the new UK Emissions Trading Scheme ("UK ETS") which is set to replace the EU ETS which the UK left on 1 January when Brexit took effect. The Government has published participation guidance, and the Intercontinental Exchange has issued its auction calendar.
Like the EU ETS, the UK scheme will work on a "cap and trade" principle, where a cap is set on the total amount of certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by sectors covered by the scheme. The caps decrease over time, and the expectation is that they will be set to align with the UK's net zero carbon target.
Under the cap, participants receive free allowances and/or buy emission allowances either in the auction or in the secondary market, which they can trade with other scheme participants as needed. Each year installations and aircraft operators covered by the scheme must surrender allowances to cover their reportable emissions.
The scheme will apply to energy intensive industries, the power generation sector and aviation and will cover activities involving combustion of fuels in installations with a total rated thermal input over 20 MW (other than in installations for the incineration of hazardous or municipal waste). The aviation routes covered by the UK ETS will include UK domestic flights, flights between the UK and Gibraltar, and flights departing the UK to European Economic Area states conducted by all included aircraft operators, regardless of nationality.
There will be simplified provisions for small emitting installations and hospitals with annual emissions below 25,000 tCO2e and a net-rated thermal capacity below 35 MW which will be subject to emissions targets rather than trading allowances. Separate simplified provisions will be available to installations with emissions lower than 2,500 tCO2e per annum.
"Our scheme is even more ambitious than the EU system it replaces and today's publication will give businesses and operators clarity over this year's supply of emissions allowances, enabling them to plan ahead, build back greener and better prepare for the transition to a low-carbon economy,"
– Anne-Marie Trevelyan, UK Energy Minister
The cap on UK ETS annual allowances will be set at 5% below the UK's expected notional share of the EU ETS cap for Phase IV of the EU ETS (2021–30), which equates to approximately 156 million allowances in 2021. The overall approach to free allocation of allowances will be broadly the same in the UK ETS as in Phase 4 of the EU ETS. The Government intends to mirror the EU ETS rules on banking and borrowing allowances.
ICE plans to launch ICE UK Allowance ("UKA") Futures contracts on 19 May coinciding with the first auction, with UKA Daily Futures following on 21 May subject to regulatory approval. The auctions will then take place on alternate Wednesdays until the final sale of the year on 15 December, with a bidding window of 12:00-14:00 UK time.
Auctions from May-July are scheduled to contain 6.052 million allowances each, and those in September-December approximately 5.188 million each. The August auction will contain 2.594 million permits, mirroring the halving of EU ETS volumes in that month due to the expectation of lower demand due to the summer holiday period. It will be interesting to see whether this reduced demand is met in practice given the much weaker trend to take August off in the UK than on the Continent.
Earlier this month, the Government increased the transitional auction reserve price ("ARP") for UK ETS auctions to £22 /tCO2e, up from £15 /tCO2e as set out in its original plans for the system. Bids below this price will not be successful in the auction. The Government expects to withdraw the auction reserve price "as the UK ETS matures", a consultation on which will likely form part of the wider consultation to align the UK ETS cap with a net zero trajectory due later this year. The ARP value was set in the Auctioning Regulations published on 11 February, and the Government does not expect to make any further changes to its level before its likely withdrawal.
There will also be a Cost Containment Mechanism ("CCM") which will allow the Government to address any significant extended price spikes in the market. The CCM will have lower price and time triggers than the equivalent EU ETS mechanism during the first two years of its operation to allow for faster intervention if necessary. If the CCM is triggered, a meeting of the UK ETS Authority will be called to consider what intervention, if any, it should make. If there is no agreement, the final decision on any interventions will be taken by the Treasury. These interventions could include:
redistributing allowances between the current year's auctions;
bringing forward auctioned allowances from future years to the current year;
drawing allowances from the market stability mechanism account; or
auctioning up to 25% of the remaining allowances in the New Entrants Reserve.
.\
The Government has stated its intention to formally link with the EU ETS as soon as possible. Since the UK scheme follows the EU scheme quite closely, this should be more straightforward than the linkage between the Swiss and EU ETS schemes. However, the Government has also signalled changes which would take it further from the EU ETS, with possible alignment of the cap with net-zero targets and a potential expansion of the scheme to cover other sectors. This means the uncertainty around carbon trading for UK-based businesses is set to continue.
Of course, this could all be hugely simplified if the Government abandoned its attempts to replicate the EU scheme and simply opted for a carbon tax instead.
Julian Spence 1 March 2021 at 7:53 PM - Reply
As I read this some "renewables" would not be allowed – i.e. biomass. Sometimes the use of the inclusion of (wood) pellets, with their emissions, from logging is described as "greenwash". Is this the case?
And geologic and nuclear power would so be classed as zero-emission.
If only emissions from the use of the fuel are the criterion then all forms of hydrogen (green or blue…) would be allowed – despite any emissions in creating them (effectively exporting the generation of CO2, similar to the situation for bio-chips )?
So does the US company keep track of emissions in creating and delivering fuels? Not clear on this
Kathryn Porter 4 March 2021 at 5:50 PM - Reply
I strongly believe wood pellet biomass should be excluded and that companies should not be allowed to import wood pellets from countries that don't have a carbon pricing mechanism (or if they do, they require UK permits for the end-to-end process and not just the electricity generation part).
I think with hydrogen, the hydrogen production facility would require its own permits if it's a separate facility from that which consumes the hydrogen. The importing issues is probably less of a concern here since most hydrogen production will need to be integrated with other infrastructure, but where it is imported, the same rules should apply.
It doesn't add up... 5 March 2021 at 12:53 AM - Reply
Bottom line: this is a stealth tax of about £3.5bn, while the tax and cap will serve to drive jobs offshore and close down industries.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Dire Wolf was the largest canine predator of the late Pleistocene epoch in North and South America. Its prey was the megaherbivores. These included peccaries, horses, llamas, bisons, tapirs, sloths, and glyptodonts. Their most common prey is thought to be the horse. The species lived in a variety of environments, from forested mountains to open grasslands and plains ranging in elevation from sea level to 7400 feet. Canis dirus became extinct near the end of the Pleistocene Epoch when their usual prey disappeared.
The Dire Wolf was stockier and had shorter limbs than Gray wolves but were 25% heavier than the smaller species. The Dire Wolf had a wider and taller skull with a great sagittal crest. There is a thickening of the mandible below the carnassial teeth which are larger and more massive than a Gray Wolf. The powerful jaw muscles enabled the Dire Wolf to become a very efficient killer. Dire Wolves lived from 11,000 years ago to 500,000 years ago and shared the landscape with Gray Wolves. It is unlikely they hunted the same prey and this is one of the possible reasons the Dire Wolf died out and the Gray Wolf did not.
The word dirus is Latin for fearful. The Dire wolf is believed to have hunted in packs much as Gray Wolves do today. Hunting in packs allows preditors to kill larger prey and to protect the bodies from larger predators. There was no dimorphism in Dire Wolves and it is surmised that they were monogamous, but we cannot know this for sure. No specimens of puppies have been found.
The Gray Wolf is on the left and the Dire Wolf on the right.
More remains of Dire Wolves have been found in tar pits than any other carnivore species. It is surmised they approached the pits to scavenge on the animals trapped there.
This photo shows the size difference between a Gray wolf skull (top) and a Dire Wolf skull. Notice how much thicker the teeth are on the Dire Wolf.
This is a artist rendition of how a Dire Wolf might have appeared.


Since Helios Society was first established over 50 years ago, the club has continued to offer one of the most relaxing and secluded settings for visitors & members looking to enjoy the freedom of their own nudist lifestyle. Just one hour (approximately) from Melbourne's CBD, and nestled in tranquil bushland in the Dandenong Ranges, Helios boasts over 85 acres of rolling lawns, natural springs and lush rainforest, plus well-established year round social & sporting facilities ideally suited for families and couples alike.
The Club is owned, run and enjoyed by over 100 members groups – all of varying ages and all from different walks of life. Whether for just one day, a week or even longer, you are welcome to visit and experience this truly unique nudist environment.


Marqurette Woods married Francis Marion Willis, Oct 3, 1884.
Nathan Perrin Woods married Sophia Davis on, June 4, 1859 in Brooklyn.
Nathan Perrin Woods in his Civil War Uniform.
He served in Company A, 78th IL. Reg.


Jewelry designs created from manmade diamonds, has enabled the ordinary person in the street to enjoy wearing a piece of this type of quality fashion jewelry.
There are many occasions, such as when on a special holiday or for a particular event in their lives, that a person will treat themselves to a piece of fashion jewelry created with these diamonds, when they would not normally be able to afford diamonds, per say.
Due to the research of Apollo Diamond in Massachusetts, it is now possible to find a man made diamond, not only in a single crystal, but also in a variety of shades of colors, from blues to black.
By nature, crystals are not completely pure. However, impurities are purposefully added to the composition so that the properties of the diamond can be controlled, thus determining the size of the carat. Apollo expanded the growth of their carats sizes over the last few years and due to the sales of manmade diamonds at a substantially lower price than mined diamonds, this has had a major effect on the jewelry trade.
Because of the affordability, toughness, and close visual likeness to the mined diamond, man made diamonds have become the most geologically and economically important diamond composite.
These diamonds have their place in jewelry design when, for instance, celebrities, who have, or want, to appear at many gala and Oscar performances, want to wear diamonds but, generally cannot afford the real thing. Another time when these cheaper diamonds may be required, is when a copy of an original mined diamond is needed to be duplicated.
Fashion jewelry is normally designed using less valuable materials. These include glass, plastics and base metals as well as synthetic stones, instead of the more valuable materials such as gems and precious metals.
It has recently become fashionable for people, to wear a lot of cheap gold and diamond pieces of jewelry. A new word had been introduced into the English dictionary to cover this and that word is "bling". Not a very complimentary description but definitely, understood by those who don't want to follow this trend! One or two pieces probably would not be so noticeable but more than that and it can look very cheap.
While many diamonds are sold loose, as a precious commodity on diamond exchanges, nothing may equal them when set in jewelry. No engagement ring would be worth the name, unless containing a diamond, which, appropriately enough was considered in a successful advertising company the gem that lasts 'forever'. And no cubic zirconium or whatever other stones resembling a diamond could ever replace it.
So what is so unique about this gemstone? While it is both incredibly old and hard, what makes it unique is its luster, namely its quality of dispersing the white light into all the colors of the spectrum. No other precious stone could do this, and the diamond can because of its unequaled purity. While it is true that there are many diamonds that are not a hundred percent pure or transparent, a thing reflected in their color – blue, yellow, green, red, brown, pink, purple, orange or even black, it's as true that people consider the genuine stones to be colorless, or rather of all colors at the same time, thanks to their miraculous quality of dispersing the light. After all, color, carat and clarity are, besides the cut, the properties that distinguish them from one another. And you'll never see any royal jewelry without white diamonds.
But given the pace at which diamonds are being extracted nowadays, almost half coming from central and southern Africa (26,000 kg a year), of course, everyone can afford to have at least one piece of jewelry with diamonds set in, besides the traditional engagement ring for women.
The way in which they disperse the light makes they look much bigger than they actually are; therefore, some small studs or cuff links could draw the attention of a whole room, especially if strongly artificially lit. This makes diamond jewelry priceless for being worn on formal occasions, such as at formal dinners, at the opera or theater, at balls or any other formal gatherings. On the other hand, less conspicuous diamonds, such as the black ones would make elegant and classy jewelry for business suits, especially if set in platinum or white gold. Without the dazzling reflection of light, they may also afford to be bigger. As fit for corporate clothing could be brown diamonds, which would look besides as beautiful, if set in yellow gold.
While fashion changes quite frequently, it was not until recent years that jewelry began to undergo enormous changes in what was considered fashionable. Until recently, jewelry was simply stated, overly adorned, or antique, and few pieces outside of this were considered to be highly fashionable. In recent times, however, the rule of only a few pieces of small jewelry has been tossed to the wayside, as chunky rings and jewels and even floral designs have become the must have jewelry statement for everyone from celebrities to local trendsetters.
While the origin of the trend is uncertain, it is at least partially rooted in the "bling" culture made famous by hip hop artists and fans. The trend originated as wearing the most diamonds one could possibly fit on to a piece of jewelry or on to any item that would hold them, but has slowly morphed into a trend of wearing larger jewels that has moved well beyond only encompassing the hip hop culture.
This year is expected to continue the trend, with many top celebrities refusing to be seen without their chunky cocktail rings. Among such celebrities are Pink, Beyonce, and Cheryl Cole. Pop songstress Rihanna has recently been spotted wearing quite a chunky ring on her engagement finger, leading to rumors of a New Year's Eve proposal from long-time "close friend" Chris Brown.
Another jewelry design expected to experience resurgence in popularity this year is the floral design. Elaborate floral inspired rings adorned with diamonds and made of precious metals are expected to be among the biggest trends in bridal wear this year, as floral designs have been growing increasingly popular among brides for some time now. The rings are exquisite and highly feminine, perhaps contributing to their return time after time to the forefront of jewelry chic.
Jewelry colors are also part of the trend, and this year seems to be shaping up to be the year for green and brown. In addition to classics like turquoise, emeralds are set for a rising surge in popularity, making their way from "tea party" culture back to the contemporary and urban market. When it comes to brown, everything from beads to quartz is expected to gain in popularity. Perhaps most of all, however, champagne and cognac diamonds are expected to be among the year's trendiest and biggest selling jewels. A chocolate colored pearl has even been released, signifying that even the pearl industry is on top of the trend.


Jaguar wallpapers for your PC, Android Device, Iphone or Tablet PC. If you want to download Jaguar High Quality wallpapers for your desktop, please download this wallpapers above and click «set as desktop background». You can share this wallpaper in social networks, we will be very grateful to you.
The elusive, like a ghost night, the jaguar – an animal on the trail which goes the legend.
Hunters Brazil believed that this predator has a powerful hypnosis, and the Indians are confident that he is able to imitate the cries of birds and animals, so he lures his prey.
In our world, there are places that awaken in us a profound sense of the wild world of the spirit. On the ground, there are still corners where nature is preserved in its original integrity. Where laws dictate those silnee.yaguar – the animal, which goes on the trail of a legend in these areas of Central America and the north of Argentina, the jaguar lives – big cat, predator single ..
Jaguar belongs to the family cat, and also as the tiger and the lion belongs to the genus panther (Panthera) and takes the third place in size. Predator weighs up to 120 kg (naturally registered a record – 158 kg.), And a body length of 120-190 cm plus almost meter tail -. Sizes impressive.
Very little is known of attacks on people of this animal, most often it was provoked by man. Naturalists, explorers, zoologists believe that a predator rather curious than aggressive.
Jaguar – cat freestyle, she needed a wild expanse.
In the language of a South American Indian people, the Quechua word jaguar (yahuar) denote various homonyms to the "blood" of the word.
Thanks to its powerful jaws jaguar, cat of prey, able to crack even a tortoise shell. Excellent Polovtsian, he catches up with the victim, even as she tries to find salvation in the water. There are cases when a jaguar attacked the sleeping alligators.
But the basic method of a night hunter lone – an ambush on a tree. Eyewitnesses claim that a predator will never catches up with animals, who noticed it and prefer to flee.


Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. offers 15-day fully-functional trial versions of its software for customers to have adequate opportunity to assess the value of products prior to purchase. Based on this practice, Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. does not accept returns on its products purchased directly from Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. or indirectly through a SIMMS Software Business Partner, once products have either been shipped from Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. or downloaded from our website, or indirectly through Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. or SIMMS Business Partners.
Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. does not accept returns on products obtained as part of a bundle with other computer services or equipment, or distributed by another company as part of a software compilation. Bundled software is also subject to the End User Agreement bundled with the software.
Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. does not accept returns on its services—technical support, maintenance contracts, professional services, product customizations, website and estore redesign services—that are sold to customers. This also applies to Symbol support and maintenance plans as they are NON-Transferable. ALL sales are final.
Hosted Software solutions such as the SIMMS Software Citrix Hosted packages and ASP.NET Storefront solutions are NON-Refundable and due in advance. We reserve the right to cancel service due to late or missed payments. ALL sales are final. Hosted software is also subject to the End User Agreement bundled with the software.
Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. does not accept returns on hardware. ALL sales are final. No product may be returned, whether as defective or for exchange, without a Return Authorization Number obtained from your Account Manager.
All Return Authorization Numbers expire ten days after issuance. Products returned without a Return Authorization Number will be refused.
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Kornyk Computer Solutions International, Inc. must be advised of any defective product(s) and/or disputed invoice(s) in writing within ten (10) days of receipt. Failure to notify KCSI of any disputed and/or defective goods constitutes a complete waiver of any and all such disputes.


Is Hub by Premier Inn London's most technologically advanced hotel?
Whitbread Hotels, owner of the Premier Inn chain, has opened the doors of its first hotel in a new range of high-tech places to stay.
Hub by Premier Inn is swimming in gadgets and smart devices that can be controlled by a guest through a smartphone or tablet application.
Bookings for the first Hub, located in London's Covent Garden, are now being taken and can be made through the dedicated application. The same app can then be used when in your room, as it can control some of the features inside.
The app enables a guest to change the channels on the in-room Smart TV, using their own phone or tablet. And the room temperature and lights can be adjusted through the application too.
There is also a detailed local area guide as part of the app, curated by the Hub by Premier Inn team, and it is enhanced through augmented reality tech. Guests can point their device at a map on the wall of their room and see it come to life.
"Apps are already revolutionising the way we order our groceries, book taxis, and check-in at airports, it was only a matter of time before the hotel experience followed suit," said Simon Ewins, business development director for Whitbread Hotels & Restaurants.
"With hub by Premier Inn, we believe we've created a first-class technology-enhanced hotel experience, without compromising price, style or comfort."
As well as a 40-inch TV in each room, there is free high-speed Wi-Fi throughout the hotel.
The hotel will be available for stays from November and a further 10 Hub by Premier Inn hotels are planned to open their doors over the next three years. More are planned for London, but also Edinburgh.
The Hub by Premier Inn application is available for iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and Android.


St Andrew's Catholic Primary School is a co–educational, double stream primary school from Kindergarten to Year 6. (Playgroup years of age 1, 2 -3 is also in operation). It offers an education that acknowledges, respects and nurtures the uniqueness of each person. We provide focused teaching in literacy and numeracy to students from diverse, multicultural backgrounds.
Specialist teachers provide Indonesian, Physical Education, Library, Music and ICT, using our well-equipped facilities. Complementary programmes include extension, integrated arts, Reading Recovery, LLI, EMU and an instrumental tuition program. We are involved in interschool athletics, swimming lessons, regional tournaments, competitions, lightning carnivals, performing arts and cross country competitions. All children are encouraged to participate. Other opportunities for student involvement include: band, choir, chess club and Young Vinnies.
St Andrew's also operates a number of different intervention programs and strategies for students at risk – academically, developmentally or socially. Many children arrive in Kindy with delayed literacy and numeracy skills. This is evidenced in the school's AEDI data, which directs the early intervention strategies employed by the school.
The school continues its focus on the Keys to Comprehension and Habits of Mind, which are integrated across all curriculum areas. The school also encourages the continued use of Contemporary teaching paedology Thinking Skills, including the Six Thinking Hats, Thinkers Keys, Bloom's Taxonomy and Habits of the Mind, as examples.
Transformation is strongly encouraged at St Andrew's. The use of learning technologies within the classroom is up to date with a new of new initiatives being introduced each year and implemented throughout the contemporary learning environment. Interactive whiteboards are installed throughout the school with large numbers of Ipads in classrooms per year level. There is a bank of 32 computers in the Library. A BYOD Program for Years 4 – 6 is implemented throughout the school, with students with special needs being the first users of these. There is a focus on cyberbullying each year throughout the school.
Our school community is very supportive and we have close links with St Andrew's Parish. Each year we operate a playgroup, for future students of St. Andrews age ranging from 1 – 3 Years of age. OSHClub operates out of the school hours and Vacation Care from our school site and neighbouring sites.


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No. 1 Penn State Wrestling Cruises Past Oregon State 31-3
Kyra Cunningham | Onward State
By Brendan Wagner
No. 1 Penn State wrestling (3-0) defeated Oregon State (2-1) 31-3 Sunday afternoon.
The Nittany Lions wrestled their main lineup with the exception of one substitution in Donavan Ball for Aaron Brooks. They won all but one match, a majority of which were not very close despite the talented wrestlers from Oregon State.
First, at 125 lbs, Gary Steen (4-3) took on No. 12 Brandon Kaylor (12-3). Steen started the match with tremendous defense, sprawling out of various takedown attempts from Kaylor, the first period ending with no takedowns and no points. Steen started the second period on the bottom, where he remained for the entire period after being unable to escape, allowing Kaylor to accumulate 120 seconds of riding time.
Kaylor made a quick escape from the bottom in the third period for the match's first point. A takedown by Kaylor effectively ended the match as he controlled Steen on the ground again, winning the match 4-0 with an extra point from riding time, giving the beavers a 3-0 lead.
Next at 133 lbs, No. 1 Roman Bravo-Young (2-0) faced off against Gabe Whisenhunt (8-4). A handful of takedowns and escapes led to a 7-5 first period in favor of Bravo-Young. He then started the second period on top, playing cat and mouse with Whisenhunt by allowing him to escape, only to easily take him down again, fighting for a score of 13-8 after two. he finished off Whisenhunt with a few more takedowns, winning by a major decision with a score of 17-8, making the match score 4-3 Nittany Lions.
At 141 lbs, No. 9 Beau Bartlett (7-0) squared off against No. 24 Cleveland Belton (11-2). A takedown by Bartlett was the highlight of the first period, which ended with a score of 2-1 after a Belton escape. He started the second period on bottom, however, he was not there for long after he escaped 15 seconds into the period. The rest of the period was nothing but a pushing match with a score of 3-1. A quick escape from Belton on bottom tightened the score to 3-2 early in the third. Another takedown-escape exchange ended the match with a score of 5-3 in favor of Bartlett, increasing Penn State's lead to 7-3.
Next at 149 lbs, No. 17 Shayne Van-Ness (6-0) took on Noah Tolentino (8-6). Van-Ness grabbed an efficient double-leg halfway into the period, which he rode out for the remaining 1:28. He remained on top for the majority of the second period, ending with a score of 2-1 and another added minute of riding time. Van-Ness controlled the third period snagging another takedown, resulting in a final score of 6-1, further extending Penn State's lead to 10-3.
At 157 lbs, No. 30 Terrel Barraclough (5-2) took on Isaiah Crosby (0-1). After a feeling-out period, Barraclough landed a late takedown attempt to end the first with a score of 2-0. In the second period, Barraclough easily escaped from bottom position, later collecting yet another takedown, boosting the score to 5-0. Despite a late takedown from Crosby, Barraclough won the bout 7-4, taking the Nittany Lions into intermission with a score of 13-3.
Next at 165 lbs, No. 15 Alex Facundo (6-0) faced off against No. 23 Matthew Olguin (13-2). A relatively short first period featured a Facundo takedown, ending with a score of 2-1. An Olguin escape was the primary source of action in the second period, the score was tied 2-2 going into the final period. Facundo was able to escape from bottom to start the third, and after playing great defense the rest of the period, Facundo won the match 3-2, boosting the Nittany Lion's lead to 16-3.
Light work for Facundo. https://t.co/brql6waKv1
— Onward Sports (@OnwardStSports) December 11, 2022
At 174 lbs, No. 1 Carter Starocci (3-0) battled No. 28 Aaron Olmos (5-2). Starocci scored two takedowns in the first period, allowing only one escape along the way for a score of 4-1 after one. He escaped from bottom position to start the second, then scored two more takedowns to finish off the second period with a score of 9-2. Another pair of takedowns in the third gave Starocci an easy major decision with a final score of 14-3. The dual score now stood at 20-3.
Next at 184 lbs, Donavan Ball (8-2) took on Jackson McKinney (10-2). The first period saw only a few takedown attempts, none successful, ending with a score of 0-0. A McKinney escape was the only point in the second, moving the score to 0-1. Ball started the third on bottom and was able to escape halfway into the period. An exhilarating Ball takedown with 10 seconds left brought Rec Hall to their feet, as Ball took the match 3-1, extending the Nittany Lion lead to 23-3.
At 197 lbs, No. 5 Max Dean (5-2) squared off against No. 11 Tanner Harvey (13-2). A powerful takedown by Dean was followed by an escape from Harvey, resulting in a score of 2-1 after the first. Dean escaped from bottom to start the second period, immediately putting pressure back on Harvey. Another Dean takedown ended the period 5-2 after another Harvey escape. He started the third period on top and had collected 1:40 of riding time up to this point. Despite a deep shot from Harvey, Dean displayed efficient defense and secured the 5-3 win. The score was 26-3 in the dual heading into the last match.
At heavyweight, No. 1 Greg Kerkvliet (3-0) faced off against J.J. Dixon (8-2). Kerkvliet piled on a takedown and a four-second near-fall all before the one-minute mark in the first. Kerkvliet bagged another two-second near fall and went into the second period up 8-0. Two more takedowns from Kerkvliet in the second made the score 12-1 heading into the final period of the dual. Kerkvliet then secured a technical fall with a final score of 19-2, giving Penn State a 31-3 victory.
The final team score finished at a massive 31-3.
Next time the Nittany Lions play at home, it will be in the Bryce Jordan Center.
Penn State will compete in the Collegiate Wrestling Duals in New Orleans starting on Monday, December 19 when it takes on Central Michigan at 7 p.m.
Brendan Wagner
Brendan is a sophomore majoring in print and media journalism. Born in Pittsburgh, he now lives in Charlotte, North Carolina. As a die-hard Pittsburgh sports fan, you can find him on Twitter, @brchwags, often complaining about the Pittsburgh Steelers and Tom Brady.
We dance in 21, folks! 🪩🕺
There's only one day left to apply for a position on Onward State's staff this semester 👨💻📷
Two words: Snow. Day. ☃❄
Other posts by Brendan
Roman Bravo-Young Ready For Potential Matchup Against Iowa's Spencer Lee
"I'm all about wrestling the best… I've got nothing to lose against him."
No. 1 Penn State Wrestling Overwhelms No. 20 Michigan State 34-6
No. 1 Penn State Wrestling Overpowers No. 3 Michigan 30-8 In Bryce Jordan Center Dual
Penn State History Lesson: Alternative Original Campus Locations
Centre County was far from the first proposed location for the original Farmers' High School.


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Iowa Concealed Carry Reciprocity Map & Gun Laws
View Updates: Calendar 2021-07-01
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Carry allowed with my Iowa permit?
Yes, With Restrictions
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Summary of Iowa Gun Laws
Iowa is a shall-issue, permitless carry state. There are two types of permits available. Professional permits are issued to individuals at least 18 years of age that are employed in a capacity that reasonably justifies that person going armed. Non-professional permits are issued to individuals at least 21 years of age that meet permit requirements, including training.
As of July 1, 2021, in order to acquire a pistol or revolver from a federally licensed firearms dealer, an unlicensed person is required to have a valid permit to acquire, a valid permit to carry weapons or the person must complete a satisfactory national instant criminal background check. There is no waiting period or firearms registration in the state.
As of July 1, 2021, Iowa is a permitless carry state for both open carry and concealed carry for anyone at least 21 years old that may lawfully possess a handgun. Iowa will continue to issue Permits to Carry Weapons (PCW), for reciprocity purposes. Per Iowa law, the state resources director is required to promulgate rules prohibiting open carry of handguns in the capitol building, the grounds surrounding the capitol building including state parking lots and parking garages and the state laboratories facility in Ankeny. The minimum age for non-professional permits is 21 years old and 18 years old for professional permits. Concealed carry permits require a firearms training course that has been state-approved. In terms of reciprocity, Iowa recognizes permits from all states and jurisdictions.
Iowa is a Castle Doctrine state as well as a "stand your ground" state. A person who is not engaged in illegal activity has no duty to retreat from any place where the person is lawfully present before using justified level of force.
Use of Deadly Force
A person is presumed to reasonably believe that deadly force is necessary to avoid injury or risk to one's life or safety or the life or safety of another in either of the following circumstances:
The person against whom force is used is doing any of the following:
Unlawfully entered by force or stealth or entering by force or stealth the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force;
Unlawfully removing or attempting to unlawfully remove another person against the other person's will from the dwelling, place of business or employment, or occupied vehicle of the person using force.
Defense of Self or Another
A person is justified in the use of reasonable force when the person reasonably believes that such force is necessary to defend oneself or another from any actual or imminent use of unlawful force.
A person who reasonably believes that a forcible felony is being or will imminently be perpetrated is justified in using reasonable force, including deadly force, against the perpetrator or perpetrators to prevent or terminate the perpetration of that felony.
Defense of Property
A person is justified in the use of reasonable force to prevent or terminate criminal interference with the person's possession or other right in property and to to aid another in the lawful defense of the other person's rights in property or in any public property.
Civil Immunity
A person who is justified in using reasonable force against an aggressor in defense of oneself, another person or property is immune from criminal or civil liability for all damages incurred by the aggressor pursuant to the application of reasonable force.
[Iowa Code § 704.1, 704.2A, 704.3, 704.4, 704.5, 704.7 & 704.13]
Iowa Quick Links
Required Training
Permit Renewal
LEOSA Carry
Iowa Gun Laws at a Glance
Carry Basics
Permitless Carry?
Does Iowa allow permitless carry?
Yes. As of July 1, 2021, Iowa is a permitless carry state for anyone at least 21 years old that may lawfully possess a handgun.
[Iowa Code § 724.5]
Open Carry Permitted?
Is open carry permitted in Iowa?
Yes. As of July 1, 2021, without a permit for anyone at least 21 years old that may lawfully possess a handgun. Open carry of handguns is prohibited in the state capitol building and grounds, except by law enforcement.
[Iowa Code § 724.5 and Dept. of Admin. Svs. §8A.322(3)]
Gun Permit Licensure?
If Iowa requires a permit to carry a concealed firearm, how are those permits issued?
Iowa is a shall issue state.
Minimum Age for Concealed Carry?
What is the minimum age in Iowa to get a concealed carry permit?
You must be at least 18 years old to get a concealed carry permit in Iowa.
Professional permits are issued to individuals at least 18 years of age that are employed in a capacity that reasonably justifies that person going armed. Non-professional permits are issued to individuals at least 21 years of age that meet permit requirements, including training.
Weapons Other Than Handguns Allowed?
Can you concealed carry weapons other than handguns in Iowa with a concealed carry permit (or under permitless carry if applicable)?
Tasers or Stun Guns?
Is it legal to own a taser or stun gun in Iowa?
Yes, although Tasers that shoot electrodes are illegal. In addition, Tasers and stun guns are prohibited in Denison and Crawford Counties. A concealed carry permit is required to purchase or possess a stun gun or Taser, except on your own property. It is illegal to carry a stun gun (openly or concealed) with the intent to use the stun gun on another person, without justification.
Chemical Spray/Pepper Spray?
Is it legal to buy or use chemical spray/pepper spray in Iowa?
Yes. There is no statute prohibiting the purchase or use of pepper spray in Iowa.
MAGAZINE LIMITS FOR HANDGUNS?
Does Iowa have magazine capacity restrictions for handguns?
No. There are no magazine capacity restrictions for handguns in Iowa.
AMMUNITION RESTRICTIONS?
Does Iowa have ammunition restrictions?
Yes. Iowa prohibits the possession of any bullet or projectile containing any chemical compound or mixture designed to explode or detonate upon impact.
[Iowa Code § 724.1(7)]
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Carry Locations
Carry in Vehicle?
Can you carry a concealed handgun in a vehicle in Iowa?
Yes, without a permit for anyone at least 21 years old that may lawfully possess a handgun.
Carry at Roadside Rest Areas?
Can you carry a concealed firearm at roadside rest areas in Iowa?
Yes, without a permit to carry. Carry is permitted at roadside rest areas in Iowa.
Carry in State/National Parks, State/National Forests and Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs)?
Can you carry a concealed firearm in state/national parks, state/national forests and Wildlife Management Areas in Iowa?
Yes, without a permit, but the use of that firearm is prohibited. Use includes brandishing, displaying, bartering, striking with, and, most obviously, firing or attempting to fire the weapon.
[Iowa Code § 461A.42]
Carry in Bars/Restaurants That Serve Alcohol?
Can you carry a concealed firearm in bars and restaurants that serve alcohol in Iowa?
Yes, there is no statute making it illegal to concealed carry in these establishments, unless posted.
Carry/Possess at a hotel?
Can you carry or possess a firearm on hotel property in Iowa?
A person operating a hotel has the right to refuse or deny the use of a room, accommodations, facilities, or other privileges of the hotel to an individual the hotel operator reasonably believes is bringing in anything which may create an unreasonable danger or risk to other persons, including but not limited to firearms or explosives. The individual hotel should be contacted to inquire about it's concealed carry policy. See the Handguns at Hotels page for additional information.
[Iowa Hotel Sanitation Code 137C.25.C(4)]
Store in a Vehicle in an Employee Parking Lot?
Does Iowa have laws relating to storing firearms in private vehicles in an employee parking lot?
Not addressed in Iowa state law, although employers may have a policy.
Key State Laws
Duty to Inform Officer You're Carrying?
Do you have a duty to notify a police officer that you're carrying a concealed firearm in Iowa?
No. There is no duty to inform a law enforcement officer that you're carrying a concealed firearm in Iowa.
DRIVER'S LICENSE LINKED TO Carry permit?
Is my Iowa driver's license linked to my Iowa carry permit?
No. Your Iowa driver's license is not linked to your Iowa carry permit. Therefore, a law enforcement officer (LEO) will not be notified that you are a concealed carry license holder immediately when they run your driver's permit. However, LEOs may have access to other databases where they can obtain this information.
"No Weapons Allowed" Signs Enforced?
Are "No Weapons Allowed" signs enforced in Iowa? If yes, violating the sign would be considered to be a crime. If no, violating the sign would not be considered a criminal offense.
No. Iowa does not enforce "No Weapons Allowed" signs.
Preemption?
Does Iowa have preemption laws related to concealed carry (i.e. Does state law supersede local laws regarding the possession of handguns)?
Yes. There is full state preemption of all gun laws. No municipality may have any ordinance, motion, resolution, policy, or amendment regulating the ownership, possession, carry, legal transfer, lawful transportation, modification, registration, or licensing of firearms, firearms attachments, or other weapons. However, municipalities may restrict firearms in government buildings provided there is appropriate screening as well as armed security personnel present.
In addition, Iowa Code § 724.28(3) authorizes any "person adversely affected" by the regulation to file suit in court for "declaratory and injunctive relief for damages."
[Op. Att'y Gen. No. 03-4-1 (2003)][Iowa Code § 724.28]
Red Flag Law?
Does Iowa have a red flag law?
No. Iowa does not have a red flag law.
Brandishing?
Does Iowa state law define brandishing?
No definition of brandishing was found in Iowa law. However, a person commits assault when they intentionally point a firearm toward another, or display a dangerous weapon in a threatening manner with the intention of placing another in fear of immediate physical contact.
Carry While Using Alcohol or Controlled Substances?
Does Iowa have laws regarding carrying a concealed firearm while using alcohol or controlled substances?
Not while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage (BAC of 0.08 or greater), while any amount of a controlled substance is present in the person, as measured in the person's blood or urine, or a combination of such substances.
[Iowa Code §§ 724.4C and 321J.2]
As a responsibly armed American, regardless of the laws in your state, it is unwise to carry while under the influence of any substance that could impair your judgement, slow your reaction times, or impact your decision-making abilities. Any decision you make while carrying a firearm could have life-altering consequences.
NON-RESIDENT PERMITTING?
Does Iowa issue concealed carry permits to non-residents?
Yes. The application is the same as for residents.
[Iowa Code §§ 724.6, 724.7 and 724.11]
PUBLIC ACCESS TO CONCEALED CARRY REGISTRY?
Does Iowa allow the public to access concealed carry registry information through public records law?
No. However, the information is available for law enforcement.
Handgun Purchase & Possession
Purchase Permits?
Is a permit required to purchase a handgun in Iowa?
Yes/No. As of July 1, 2021, purchase permits are not required in order to acquire a pistol or revolver from a federally licensed firearms dealer. There are now several options, including obtaining a purchase permit, having a valid permit to carry weapons or completing a satisfactory national instant criminal background check.
[Iowa Code 724.15]
Background Checks for Private Gun Sales? Exceptions?
Are background checks required for private gun sales in Iowa? Are there exceptions?
No. As of July 1, 2021, no permit or background check is required.
Iowa Permit Exempts from Background Check?
Does my current Iowa concealed carry permit exempt me from needing a background check when I purchase a firearm?
Waiting Period?
Is there a waiting period after purchasing a handgun in Iowa?
Only in the sense that a permit to acquire a handgun becomes valid 3 days after the date of application. After the permit is issued, the holder may purchase additional handguns without a waiting period for 5 years (the duration of the permit).
Handgun Registration?
Do handguns need to be registered in Iowa?
No. Handguns do not need to be registered in Iowa.
Minimum Age to Possess and Transport?
What is the minimum age to possess and transport a handgun in Iowa?
21 years old (there are exceptions for anyone who is at least 18 years old whose duty requires the possession of such a weapon)
A parent (or guardian or spouse who is 21 years of age or older) of a person under the age of 21 may allow the person, while under direct supervision, to possess a pistol or revolver or handgun ammunition for any lawful purpose.
A parent (guardian or spouse who is 21 years of age or older) of a minor under the age of 14 years who allows that minor to possess a pistol or revolver or handgun ammunition is strictly liable to an injured party for all damages resulting from the possession of the pistol or revolver or ammunition therefor by that minor.
[Iowa Code § 724.22]
Possess a handgun on my private property without a permit?
Can I possess/carry a handgun in my home without a permit?
Permit to Acquire Application Process
In order to purchase a handgun in Iowa, whether through a licensed firearms dealer or a private transaction (unless between family members), either a Permit to Acquire a pistol or revolver or a Permit to Carry Weapons is required. The application for a Permit to Acquire is processed at the county level and is valid for 5 years after the date it is issued. Some counties accept online applications, others accept them by mail, but most require an application to be submitted at the county sheriff's office in person. To see if your county of residence accepts online permits, check the county sheriff's office website directly.
In order to obtain a Permit to Acquire, you will need a valid driver's license or state-issued ID and will have to pay a fee. A National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) background check will be processed. The processing time to obtain a Permit to Acquire will differ county by county and may take up to 10 days. The permit itself is not valid until 3 days after the date it is issued.
Basic Concealed Carry Laws: Iowa
USCCA — November 29, 2020
Carry While Hunting
Carry While Gun Hunting?
Can you concealed carry while shotgun/rifle hunting in Iowa?
Yes. A person in possession of a valid permit to carry weapons may carry a handgun while hunting. However, only handguns as described in Iowa Admin. Code 571.106.7(3) may be used to hunt deer and only when a handgun is a lawful method of take, except where the possession or carrying of a firearm is prohibited by state or federal law.
Carry While Bow Hunting?
Can you concealed carry while bowhunting in Iowa?
Yes, with a valid concealed carry permit , although the handgun may not be used to shoot or dispatch any deer. Hunters who do not have a permit to carry may not have a handgun in their possession while hunting under an archery tag.
Hunter Harassment Law?
Is there a Hunter Harassment Law in Iowa?
Yes. Intentional interference with lawful hunting, fishing, or fur-harvesting activities is illegal and includes one or more of the following:
Intentionally placing oneself in a location where a human presence may affect the behavior of a fur-bearing animal, game, bird, or fish or the feasibility of killing or taking a fur-bearing animal, game, bird, or fish with the intent of obstructing or harassing another person who is lawfully hunting, fishing, or fur harvesting.
Intentionally creating a visual, aural, olfactory, or physical stimulus for the purpose of affecting the behavior of a fur-bearing animal, game, bird, or fish with the intent of obstructing or harassing another person who is lawfully hunting, fishing, or fur harvesting.
Intentionally affecting the condition or altering the placement of personal property used for the purpose of killing or taking a fur-bearing animal, game, bird, or fish with the intent of obstructing or harassing another person who is lawfully hunting, fishing, or fur harvesting.
A person shall not interfere with the lawful hunting, fishing, or fur-harvesting activities of another person in an area where hunting, fishing, or fur harvesting is authorized by a custodian of public property or an owner or lessee of private property.
[IA Code 481A.125]
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State Constitutional Provision
All men are, by nature, free and equal, and have certain inalienable rights - among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness. -Article 1, Section 1 Note: A constitutional amendment was passed by the House and Senate in March 2019. The text of the proposed amendment reads: "The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. The sovereign state of Iowa affirms and recognizes this right to be a fundamental individual right. Any and all restrictions of this right shall be subject to strict scrutiny." It would need to be passed by the Legislature again and approved by voters before it could take effect. The earliest it can be placed on the ballot is 2022."
IOWA HAS NO STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS.
Iowa Concealed Carry Reciprocity With Other States
Which states' permits does Iowa honor?
Alabama (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Alaska (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Arizona (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Arkansas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
California (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Colorado (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Connecticut (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Delaware (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
District of Columbia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Florida (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Georgia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Hawaii (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Idaho (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Illinois (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Indiana (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kansas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Kentucky (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Louisiana (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Maine (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Maryland (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Massachusetts (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Michigan (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Minnesota (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Mississippi (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Missouri (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Montana (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Nebraska (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Nevada (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New Hampshire (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New Jersey (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New Mexico (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New York (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
New York City (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
North Carolina (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
North Dakota (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Ohio (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Oklahoma (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Oregon (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Pennsylvania (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Rhode Island (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
South Carolina (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
South Dakota (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Tennessee (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Texas (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Utah (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Vermont (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Virginia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Washington (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
West Virginia (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Wisconsin (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Wyoming (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Puerto Rico (permitless carry, at least 21 years old)
Since Iowa allows permitless carry, any person 21 years of age and older who can legally possess a firearm may carry a concealed firearm on his or her person without a license or permit.
Other States' Reciprocity With Iowa
Which states honor permits from Iowa?
Note: Firearms must be carried in accordance with the laws of the state you are visiting. Be sure to check the laws of the other state before traveling there with your firearms.
States That Have Restricted Reciprocity with Iowa
Iowa offers resident and non-resident permits. If indicated with "Resident only" below, that state only honors Iowa resident permits (and not those issued to non-residents).
Colorado (at least 21 years old and resident permits only)
Florida (at least 21 years old)
Maine (resident permits recognized if at least 21 years old; see Maine Reciprocity section for details)
Michigan (at least 21 years old and resident permits only)
Missouri (permitless carry, at least 19 years old, 18 for military)
Nebraska (Non-professional permits only)
North Dakota (resident permits only)
Ohio (at least 21 years old)
Pennsylvania (at least 21 years old and resident permits only)
South Carolina (resident permits only)
Virginia (at least 21 years old)
Wisconsin (at least 21 years old)
Permitless Carry States
Alaska PC-21
Arizona PC-21
Arkansas PC-18
Idaho PC-18
Iowa PC-21
Kansas PC-21
Kentucky PC-21
Maine (permits recognized; see Maine Reciprocity section for details or PC-21)
Mississippi PC-18
MissouriPC-19
MontanaPC-18
New HampshirePC-18
North DakotaPC-18 for residents only
Oklahoma PC-21
South DakotaPC-18
TennesseePC-21
TexasPC-21
UtahPC-21
VermontPC-18
West Virginia PC-21
Wyoming PC-21
*PC-18 = permitless carry if at least 18 years old
Permitless carry includes constitutional carry states as well as states where an individual must meet certain qualifications, e.g., no DUIs in the last 10 years, in order to legally carry (Tennessee). Each state determines the requirements and any limitations on the carry of firearms. Check each state's page for more information and any restrictions that may apply.
Iowa Concealed Carry Permit Information
An applicant must:
Be at least 18 years of age for a professional permit;
Be at least 21 years of age for a non-professional permit;
Complete a firearms training course;
Not be "addicted to the use of alcohol" per Iowa Admin. Code r. 661-91.1;
Have no pending charges;
Have no felony convictions;
Have no outstanding arrest warrants;
Not be subject to the firearm possession, receipt, transportation or control prohibitions;
Not have been convicted within the previous 3 years in any court of a serious or aggravated misdemeanor not involving a firearm or explosives for which the court could have imprisoned him or her for more than 1 year, even if he or she received a shorter sentence, including probation;
Not bear probable cause to use a weapon unlawfully or in such other manner as would endanger the person's self or others based on prior actions in the last 2 years; and
Meet federal law requirements.
If you are unsure of your eligibility, take the Carry Eligibility Quiz on the Iowa Department of Public Safety website and consult an attorney.
Initial Permit $50
Renewals $25
Duplicates $25
Valid For:
Link to application
Non-Resident Concealed Carry Permits:
Non-resident permits are available and the application is the same as for residents. Professional permit applications for non-residents must be made to the Commissioner of Public Safety.
Name/Address Changes:
Iowa DPS recommends that a person notify the Sheriff's Office that issued a permit when a person has a change of address. However, if a person moved from one county to another, he or she must start over to get a permit showing the new address, as the Sheriff of the new county of residence cannot issue a duplicate or renew a permit that the Sheriff did not issue. There will be a procedure to allow a person to transfer his or her permit from one county to another after a move. This transfer process is currently being developed and should be available once the new permit cards are available.
Lost/Stolen Permits:
Apply to the Sheriff in the county of your residence for a duplicate, replacement or renewal.
Residency Changes:
Moving to Iowa and interested in applying for a permit? How soon can you apply?
Iowa issues permits to residents, members of the military and limited non-residents who work or go to school in Iowa. You can apply for a resident permit with the sheriff of your county once you have established your residence in that county and have an Iowa Driver's license or state-issued ID.
Moving from Iowa and have an Iowa resident permit? Does that permit transfer to your new state? Is there a grace period during which your Iowa permit remains valid?
If a person with an Iowa permit to concealed carry establishes residency in another state, he or she should contact the issuing authority for a determination as to how long the permit remains valid.
Iowa Concealed Carry Permit Application Process
How to Apply for an Iowa Concealed Carry Permit
Complete a firearms training course if required, within twenty-four months prior to the date of the application.
Download the application or pick up from your Sheriff's office. Professional permit applications for non-residents must be made to the Commissioner of Public Safety.
Apply in person at your local county sheriff's office or the Commissioner of Public Safety. You will need the following documents:
Photocopy of firearms training certificate;
Drivers license; and
Completed application form.
Pay the fee.
You will be notified if your application has been approved.
Firearms Training Requirements in Iowa
An applicant shall demonstrate knowledge of firearms safety by completing any of the following in a live or web-based form completed within twenty-four months prior to the date of the application:
Any National Rifle Association handgun safety training course or a handgun safety training course offered by an instructor certified by an organization approved by the Department of Public Safety;
Any handgun safety training course available to the general public offered by a law enforcement agency, community college, college, private or public institution or organization, or firearms training school, utilizing instructors certified by the national rifle association or an organization approved by the Department of Public Safety pursuant to section 724.9A or another state's Department of Public Safety, state police department, or similar certifying body;
Any handgun safety training course offered for security personnel approved by the Department of Public Safety;
Small-arms training while serving with the Armed Forces of the United States;
Law enforcement agency firearms training course; or
Hunter education program approved by the Iowa Natural Resource Commission, if the program includes handgun safety training.
Evidence of qualification under this section may be documented by any of the following:
A photocopy of a certificate of completion or any similar document indicating completion of any course or class previously identified that was completed within 24 months prior to the date of the application;
An affidavit from the instructor, school, organization, or group that conducted or taught a course or class previously identified that was completed within 24 months prior to the date of the application attesting to the completion of the course or class by the applicant;
For personnel released or retired from active duty in the armed forces of the United States, possession of an honorable discharge or general discharge under honorable conditions issued any time prior to the date of the application; or
For personnel on active duty or serving in one of the national guard or reserve components of the armed forces of the United States, possession of a certificate of completion of basic training with a service record of successful completion of small arms training and qualification issued prior to the date of the application, or any other official documentation satisfactory to the issuing officer issued prior to the date of the application.
Be sure to verify that any firearm training you receive in order to obtain your permit is approved by the state of Iowa.
For holders of permits issued on or after 1/1/2011, additional training is not required to renew or obtain a new permit to carry weapons.
Find a USCCA Certified Instructor or Firearms Training Class Near You
Iowa Concealed Carry Permit Renewal Process
How to Renew an Iowa Concealed Carry Permit
Renewals are the responsibility of the permittee. A person wishing to renew a Permit to Carry Weapons must apply within 30 days before the permit expires, or within 30 days after the permit expires, otherwise the higher NEW permit fee must be charged.
Law Enforcement Officers (LEO)/Retired LEOs
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) and Retired LEOs (RLEOs) may choose to carry under the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA), often referred to as HR 218. Under 18 U.S. Code §§ 926B & 926C, qualified LEOs and qualified retired LEOs, or those separated from service in good standing, can carry a concealed firearm in any jurisdiction in the United States, regardless of state or local laws, with some exceptions. For details, check out our Federal Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA) page.
Iowa Admin. Code 661.93 addresses identification cards for former peace officers. Any police firearms instructor approved by the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) can qualify retired law enforcement officers. The ILEA in-service standard is used for annual firearms qualification and ILEA conducts open range dates for retired LEOSA qualification. Officers receive a card indicating current qualification.
Iowa Location Restrictions
Where Can I Carry a Concealed Firearm in Iowa?
Carry in bars/restaurants that serve alcohol? Yes, unless posted.
Carry in my vehicle without a permit/license? Yes.
Carry in roadside rest areas? Yes, without a permit.
Carry in state/national parks, state/national forests and WMAs? Yes, without a permit.
Carry in places of worship? There is no state statute prohibiting concealed carry in places of worship. However, since places of worship are private property, they may post signs prohibiting firearms.
Where Can't I Carry a Concealed Firearm in Iowa?
Places off-limits even with a permit/license
Weapons-free zones defined as in, on or within 1,000' of property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary schools (defined by the IA Supreme Court In December of 2019 as owned and used by the school district, including athletic complexes) [Iowa Code §§ 724.4A and 724.4B];
School buses [281.43.38(285)];
On a campus or at a university-authorized function or event at the three Iowa State Universities [681.13.14(5)];
Courtroom, court office, or courthouses used only for judicial branch functions, if posted [724.32];
Public buildings that are posted and have security guards, such as the Dubuque County Courthouse;
Casinos [IAC 491.5];
Iowa State Fair [IAC 371.2.5(173)];
Anywhere while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or other drug or a combination of such substances [Iowa Code § 724.4C]; and
Any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law or state law or regulation.
FAQ: Iowa Concealed Carry Questions
What Are the Knife Laws in Iowa?
The only knives that are illegal are ballistic knives. It is legal to open carry any legal knife. It is legal to concealed carry a balisong, dagger, stiletto, razor, switchblade or knife with a blade longer than 5 inches only with a permit. Based on the current wording of the statute, state preemption only applies to firearms. Therefore, local ordinances may restrict the possession of knives, swords or other types of weapons that are not firearms.
[Iowa Code §§ 724.1(e) & 702.7]
WEAR A COVID MASK & CARRY?
I can legally carry a concealed firearm in Iowa, but can I wear a COVID 19 protective mask while carrying concealed?
Yes, Iowa code does not place any type of clothing restrictions on a permit holder in a public place.
Can you concealed carry while bow hunting in Iowa?
Yes. Intentional interference with lawful hunting, fishing, or fur-harvesting activities is illegal. A person shall not interfere with the lawful hunting, fishing, or fur-harvesting activities of another person in an area where hunting, fishing, or fur harvesting is authorized by a custodian of public property or an owner or lessee of private property.
Related Information & Links for Iowa Gun Laws
Iowa Department of Public Safety Weapons Permit FAQs
Iowa Gun Laws Updates:
Updated all sections per new laws that took effect as of July 1, 2021
Added info on driver's license link to permit in At A Glance table
Updated info about handgun purchases in At A Glance table
Updated info about preemption in At A Glance table
Added info about permitless carry in the Summary and At A Glance table
Updated IA DPS FAQ link
Added information on Self Defense in the Summary
Updated info on courtroom carry per HB 2502 in Can't carry Section
Updated info on preemption per HB 2502 in At A Glance table
Added information on wearing a COVID 19 mask while carrying concealed above the Summary
Added info and statutory links for ammunition restrictions in At A Glance table
Added info on handguns at hotels in At A Glance table
Added info on handguns on private property in At A Glance table
Added statutory link and details on private gun sales in At A Glance table
Added info on carry in bars to the At A Glance table
Added related blog posts with links
Added info regarding residency changes and resulting impacts on carry permits
Updated the knife laws and added statutory references
Updated info on carry while using alcohol or controlled substances in At A Glance table
Added info on carry at school athletic complexes in Can't carry Section
Added info on handgun purchase process in At A Glance table
Added info on whether a valid state ccw permit exempts a person from needing a background check when purchasing a firearm to the At A Glance table
Added statutory references and links for can't carry locations
Added brandishing info to At A Glance table
Added Hunter Harassment info to At A Glance table
Added Chemical Spray/Pepper Spray to the At A Glance table
Added Carry While Hunting info to At A Glance table
Added anchor links to various sections below the Summary
Added minimum age to possess and transport a handgun to At A Glance table
Added stun gun/Taser info to At A Glance table
Added permit renewal and name/address change info
Added info on the Iowa Constitutional Amendment
Links checked
Added info on state implementation of Law Enforcement Officer Safety Act (LEOSA)
Added info to vehicle carry in At A Glance table
Added pages for Federal Gun Laws, Traveling with Firearms & Terminology
Added ammunition restrictions to At A Glance table
Added red flag law info to At A Glance table
Added church carry info to location restrictions section
Based on info from a USCCA Training Counselor, updated the campus carry info in location restrictions (thanks Dave!)
Added info about alcohol or prescription medication in At A Glance table
Updated location restrictions
Mag limit added to At A Glance table
Did We Miss Something?
Here at the USCCA, it is our mission to provide responsible gun owners with the tools they need to be educated and trained. Our team is constantly working to provide you with the most up-to-date and comprehensive list of self-defense laws available for every state.
If you have any questions that you don't see answered here — let us know! Just email [email protected] and we will be sure to get your question resolved. Your feedback matters to us, and we appreciate you helping to make this page the best possible resource for responsible gun owners!
Permit numbers were obtained from the Crime Prevention Resource Center's publication entitled, "Concealed Carry Permit Holders Across the United States." Numbers include resident and non-resident permits for those states that issue both.
The information contained on this website is provided as a service to USCCA, Inc. members and the concealed carry community, and does not constitute legal advice. Although we attempt to address all areas of concealed carry laws in all states, we make no claims, representations, warranties, promises or guarantees as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of the information disclosed. Legal advice must always be tailored to the individual facts and circumstances of each individual case. Laws are constantly changing, and as such, nothing contained on this website should be used as a substitute for the advice of a lawyer.
If you have any questions regarding USCCA Membership, Delta Defense, handguns laws or the lawful process of carrying concealed, please contact the award-winning Delta Defense Customer Engagement Team.