text:
School's back (and so are masks)
Locations: News By Raleigh Burleigh Published Aug. 4, 2021
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Kindergarten students wear masks at Carbondale Community School in January, 2021. RFSD students will continue to wear masks through the upcoming fall semester. Photo by Raleigh Burleigh.
Correction, Aug . 9: The Roaring Fork School District will not decidedly be practicing serial testing as an additional precautionary COVID measure at the beginning of the upcoming school year. In accordance with a new program announced by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, this option is being explored as a possibility.
The Roaring Fork School District (RFSD) board convened a special meeting on Tuesday, Aug. 3, to discuss recommended COVID health and safety protocols for the beginning of the 2021/2022 school year.
Board President Natalie Torres began the meeting by acknowledging that while all parties may not agree about everything, the plan was made following science and medical advice from local partners.
Before outlining the proposed protocols, Superintendent Rob Stein described the process by which these types of decisions are made.
It starts with a recommendation or, as was common early in the pandemic, a directive coming from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other national authorities like the American College of Pediatrics and American Medical Association.
That information then gets assimilated by statewide institutions: the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, the Colorado Department of Education, the governor's office and, as it related to school sports, the Colorado High School Activities Association.
Then, RFSD's "Thursday morning group," which became a regular meeting in response to the pandemic, gathers together educators with county health folks, local hospital representatives, pediatric and family practice people, plus charter and private schools to interpret the latest information and issue guidelines.
"Everyone is sick of the pandemic," stated Stein. "We all don't like wearing masks." Nonetheless, "I want to validate, we all care about our kids. Even if we disagree, we all want what's best."
That said, Stein elucidated that the guidelines are based on two simple priorities: 1. the health and safety of students and 2. prioritizing in-person learning. Last year, according to Stein, those two were in conflict. This year, the difference is being reconciled.
In addition to beginning the new semester with masks, the district will practice forms of physical distancing, contact tracing, targeted quarantining and high-risk activities will be limited. In accordance with a new program announced by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, serial testing is being explored as an additional protective measure.
In alignment with new state guidance, if someone in a school tests positive for COVID, others that had contact with them will not need to quarantine if both parties were wearing a mask, if they are vaccinated, if 70 percent of people in the surrounding community are vaccinated, or if the local incidence rate is lower than 35 cases per 100,000 people for that week. Those last two conditions will also be key to lifting the mask mandate in schools.
Masks will not be required outdoors, meaning that all fall sports except volleyball (an indoor sport) will be allowed to practice and play without masks.
Other exceptions to the masking rule include special circumstances (like phonics lessons) in designated areas.
Local medical experts Dr. David Brooks, Valley View Hospital Chief Medical Officer, and Dr. Matt Percy, a physician with Mountain Family Health, joined the call to say that we're in a better place than last year. "Despite all the controversies and all the discussions and all the differing opinions, I truly sincerely believe that we're more united than divided," said Dr. Brooks. "I think we need to focus on common ground and that common ground is keeping kids in school."
Both doctors stated that the number one thing the broader community can do to get masks off in schools, is to get vaccinated.
Opening the discussion to public comments, the board heard from several medical professionals with kids that attend district schools iterating their support for the plan and for keeping kids in school.
A few commenters expressed their concerns about requiring masks and encouraging the vaccine, a treatment approved for emergency authorized use but not yet given final approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Among these commenters was a group of about a dozen people that had brought signs to picket outside Bridges High School in Carbondale before joining the virtual meeting.
RE-1 parent Carrie Godes shared her optimism that 63.3% of persons in Garfield County are now vaccinated with at least one dose. "If my child was in a terrible accident or had cancer, these are the people I would trust with their lives," she said, referring to local health experts. "I just can't imagine not heeding their advice at this time."
Board member Maureen Stepp concurred, "As a board, we get a lot of criticism that we don't care, that we don't do the work…" She continued, "As Rob [Stein] says all the time, we are not public health experts and we have to rely on the information that is presented. I have to rely on the doctors that are on the frontline."
Despite differences of opinion, a tone of respect and appreciation prevailed throughout the meeting. Although no action was taken on the recommended plan, it was generally received as a necessary compromise. The board also assured constituents that they'll be reviewing circumstances every week, hopeful that if things turn around after the recent jump in infections, mask requirements could be reevaluated within a few weeks.
The new school year begins on Aug. 16.
It takes community support to keep The Sopris Sun shining.
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Trustees dive into new pool prospects
School quarantines take a toll


From protecting consumer data to vehicular security, the automotive industry has a complex challenge to solve. Fornetix has the answer.
When talking about securing connected cars, the integrity of the supply chain must be part of the conversation. Cryptography offers the ideal solution.
The exponential growth in data usage by connected cars has opened numerous doors for bad actors to impact the integrity of vehicles. See how encryption can bring security and integrity to the supply chain, aftermarket, along with both internal and external vehicle communications.
You may be surprised to learn that the amount of code in a modern automobile is higher than advanced military jets or even the Windows operating system. With so much code, it's no wonder vulnerabilities are seemingly everywhere. See how the industry is coming together to secure the future of automotive connectivity.
New technologies are being integrated into automotive OEM products every day as the industry experiences a dramatic demand for connectivity. Experts agree that this paradigm shift has created unique issues surrounding security which leaves vehicles vulnerable to a myriad of cyberattacks.


text:
=begin
1. initialize new dispenser
    - Take array of flavors as argument and number of pez
2. create a method that reports back the number of pez remaining
3. create a method that allows user to take pez from dispenser
    - subtracts number of pez taken
4. create a method that allows the user to add a pez to dispenser
    - adds number of pez given
5. Create a method that displays all of the flavors
=end
# Initial Solution

# your code here!

class PezDispenser

    attr_reader :flavors

    def initialize(flavors)
        @flavors = flavors
        @eaten = []
    end

    #stores the length of the flavors array in the amount variable and displays the current number of available pez
    def get_pez
        puts "You want a pez? Well here's a random one from the dispenser"
        sleep(1)
        puts "Grabbing random pez"
        @flavors.shuffle
        sleep(1)
        puts "You grabbed: "
        puts @flavors.first
        puts " "
        @flavors.shift
        puts "You now have these remaining flavors:"
        puts @flavors
    end

    def pez_count
        count = @flavors.length
        puts "You have #{count} pez left"
    end

    #adds a new pez flavor to the pez dispenser
    def add_pez
        puts "What flavor would you like to add?"
        new_flavor = gets.chomp
        puts " "
        puts "Adding new flavor..."
        puts " "
        sleep(2)
        @flavors << new_flavor
        puts "You successfully added #{new_flavor} to your pez dispenser.  Your flavor selection is now: "
        puts @flavors
        puts " "
    end

end

pez = PezDispenser.new(["cherry", "chocolate", "cola", "grape", "lemon", "orange", "peppermint", "raspberry", "strawberry"])

pez.flavors
pez.get_pez
pez.add_pez
pez.pez_count

# Refactored Solution

# DRIVER TESTS GO BELOW THIS LINE
=begin
flavors = %w(cherry chocolate cola grape lemon orange peppermint raspberry strawberry).shuffle
super_mario = PezDispenser.new(flavors)
puts "A new pez dispenser has been created. You have #{super_mario.pez_count} pez!"
puts "Here's a look inside the dispenser:"
puts super_mario.see_all_pez
puts "Adding a banana pez."
super_mario.add_pez("banana")
puts "Now you have #{super_mario.pez_count} pez!"
puts "Oh, you want one do you?"
puts "The pez flavor you got is: #{super_mario.get_pez}"
puts "Now you have #{super_mario.pez_count} pez!"
=end

# Reflection

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Aloe 'Swordfish' is a blue-green hybrid that develops hints of violet in bright light. Its long, slender leaves sport partially scalloped pink-red edges that are very smooth ( not prickly to touch) . It flourishes as a focal piece in pots but can make a nice accent in the ground in temperate climates. A branched inflorescence with Red Flowers.


text:
Home Latest Govt's Reputation Crisis Self-inflicted, Says PR Expert, Okereke
Govt's Reputation Crisis Self-inflicted, Says PR Expert, Okereke
By Emmanuel Olorunda-Otaru
Former President of the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, Mr. Mike Okereke, has blamed the reputation crisis plaguing the current government and the country on faulty approach and strategy of defensive public relations.
According to the public relations guru, "We are planning without thinking through. What is the impact of the government policy on the environment? We need to get communication experts and media to advise the government, as politics is different from professionalism. If the government strategy is not done professionally, no amount of threat to the media will solve the problems-anybody fighting the media will fail."
Okereke gave the admonition during the centennial birthday celebration and thanksgiving of his mother, Grace Wilson Okereke, who was born on October 20, 1920, in Port-Harcourt, last Tuesday in Lagos.
He said: "I was the past president of the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, and African Public Relations Association. We had advised the government before that whatever we are doing, our reputation as a country matters a lot. The government should re-engineer its reputation management strategy. We cannot have any development, no matter how rich we are, without managing our reputation. With what is happening in the country at the moment is not right; you don't use force to manage public relations. You don't ban or begin to fight media houses to report good things about you.
"This is something that could have been done through public relations. Look at the problems of the country, survey it and map out strategy to know the current thinking about the country and strategise to address it.
"Get experts who will help to reposition the country. The government should now get to know that the world is competitive as well as how to reposition the country."
According to him, "Investors are sensitive about where to invest their money, and at the moment, we don't have such place."
He equally advised the government to have a crisis management plans, adding: "We are not doing strategic planning, what we are doing is called defensive public relations-when things happen, and you start defending the country, and giving excuses."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of the concerns of women is how do I know that I am pregnant, and what symptoms should I be expecting?
There are two categories of early signs of pregnancy – soft signs and hard signs. The soft signs can also happen for many other reasons, and may or may not mean that you are pregnant.
If you are queasy, especially in the morning, or if certain smell or tastes make you feel nauseous, these can be indications of morning sickness. However, not all women experience this symptom.
Consider any spotting since your last menstrual period as a possible early sign of pregnancy. This may be caused by implantation of the fertilized egg into the womb lining. Cramping is also an early pregnancy sign and may be associated with implantation.
Experiencing a loss of appetite or change in appetite, such as food cravings, can be a pregnancy symptom.
Pregnancy can cause a shift in energy level, so be aware of any fatigue. It is a very common symptom in pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters.
Soreness, tenderness and/or swelling of the breasts may also be an early pregnancy clue. This can happen from as early as six weeks gestation. Your breast may become increasingly painful to the touch. Tenderness and soreness tend to be most common in the first trimester, and gets better as pregnancy progresses.
Increased urination is another possible sign of pregnancy. This is attributed to the higher blood volume in your body, effects of pregnancy hormones and kidneys working harder to increase urine output. Beware of urinary tract infection manifesting as frequent urination.
Some women gain weight early in their pregnancy, so if you see a sudden increase in the scale, you could be pregnant.
However, if you are not using contraception, and you have missed your periods, a positive urine pregnancy test is a hard sign of pregnancy. Call your obstetrician's clinic to book an appointment to find out what to expect in your first prenatal visit.


Sirrine Scholarship Administration Version: 2.2.9 • Copyright © 2019. All rights reserved.
except with the express prior permission of The School District of Greenville County.
For technical issues, contact 355-HELP.


text:
A sziréngőtefélék (Sirenidae) a  kétéltűek (Amphibia) osztályába és a farkos kétéltűek (Caudata) rendjébe tartozó család.

Megjelenésük
Hosszuk 10–100 cm. Fejük hosszúkás. Szájuk a táplálék szippantással történő felvételére specializálódott, ajaklebenyeik fejlettek. Állkapcsukban nincsenek fogak, helyükön szarukávák vannak. Orrnyílásaik kétoldalt, szinte az ajaklebenyeken helyezkednek el. Törzsük hosszú hengeres alakú. Bőrük sima és nyálkás. Mellső végtagjaik rövidek, rajtuk a Siren nem fajainál négy, a Pseudobranchusoknál három ujj található, az ujjak hegyén a bőr elszarusodik. A hátsó végtagok és a medenceöv teljesen hiányzik. Farkukon (a fiatal lárváknak a hátukon is) úszószegély húzódik. Valamennyi fajra jellemző a neoténia, lárvakori bélyegeik: szemhéj és mozgatható nyelv hiánya, valamint három pár kopoltyúív, melyeken külső kopoltyúk vannak. Utóbbiak több, a farkos kétéltűek között egyedülálló tulajdonságot mutatnak:
Főáguk elágazik, a kopoltyúlemezek ezeken az oldalágakon helyezkednek el.
Fiatalkorban, amikor átalakulnának, méretük kisebb lesz (légzésben betöltött szerepük is csökken), majd a felnőttkort elérve ismét megnagyobbodnak.

Érzékszerveik közül látásuk nem túl jó, oldalvonal-rendszerük és szaglásuk viszont fejlett.

Előfordulásuk
Az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban és Mexikó északi részén honosak. Álló és lassan folyó, sűrű növényzetű vizek lakói.

Életmódjuk
Neoténiájukból következően teljesen vízi életmódúak, a szárazföldre legfeljebb esős éjszakákon jönnek ki. Nappal elrejtőznek, főleg éjszaka aktívak. Ha élőhelyük kiszárad, az iszapba ássák magukat és ott várják ki az esőket. Ilyenkor kopoltyúik is kisebbek lesznek.

Táplálékuk különféle gerinctelenekből, például férgekből, puhatestűekből, vízi ízeltlábúakból áll, a nagyobb fajok a kisebb halakat és kétéltűeket is zsákmányul ejthetik. A farkos kétéltűek között egyedülálló módon algákat is fogyasztanak, ám lehet, hogy ezeket csak véletlenül, az állati eredetű táplálékkal együtt nyelik le.

Szaporodásuk
Nászidőszakuk ősztől kora tavaszig tart, szaporodási szokásaik elég kevéssé ismertek. Udvarláskor a hím orrával a nőstény kloákáját bökdösi, de harapdálni is szokta párját. A nőstény petéit egyesével vagy kis csomókban rakja le, a megtermékenyítés külső. Szülői gondoskodás előfordulhat.

A fiatalok ivarérettségüket 2-3 évesen érik el.

Rendszerezés
A családba az alábbi 2 nem és 5 faj tartozik:

 Pseudobranchus (Gray, 1825) – 2 faj
 keskenycsíkos sziréngőte (Pseudobranchus axanthus)
 csíkos sziréngőte  (Pseudobranchus striatus)

 Siren (Linnaeus, 1766) – 3 faj
 kis sziréngőte  (Siren intermedia)
 karcsú sziréngőte vagy nagy sziréngőte (Siren lacertina)
 hálós sziréngőte (Siren reticulated)

Jegyzetek

Források
  ITIS szerinti rendszerbesorolása
 Brehm: Az állatok világa
 AmphibiaWeb - Sirenidae
 Caudata Culture Species Database - Sirenidae

Farkos kétéltűek
Kétéltűcsaládok

Nearktikus faunatartomány

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Эрнст Прингсгейм (; 11 июля 1859, Бреслау, Нижняя Силезия — 28 июня 1917, там же) — немецкий физик-экспериментатор, автор научных трудов по оптике, спектроскопии, физике теплового излучения, физике Солнца.

Биография
Эрнст Прингсгейм появился на свет в очень богатой силезской купеческой семье еврейского происхождения. В 1877—1882 годах он изучал физику и математику в Гейдельберге, Бреслау и Берлине и в 1882 году защитил докторскую диссертацию, посвященную исследованиям радиометра, а позже прошел хабилитацию. С 1886 года работал приват-доцентом в Берлинском университете, а в 1896 году получил титул профессора. В 1905 году Прингсгейм получил должность профессора теоретической физики в Университете Бреслау, где присоединился к своему многолетнему соавтору Отто Люммеру.

Научная деятельность
В 1881 году Прингсгейм разработал спектрометр, который позволил правильно измерять длины волн в инфракрасной области спектра.

В 1897/98 году Прингсгейм и Люммер, основываясь на идеях последнего, завершили практическую реализацию черного тела: оно представляло собой сферическую или цилиндрическую металлическую полость (использовались железо и медь), которая с внутренней стороны покрывалась сажей или оксидом урана; для стабилизации температуры полость помещалась в различные жидкости (жидкий воздух, кипящую воду, горячую селитру и так далее) или в глиняную печь. Этот метод позволил получить равновесное излучение в диапазоне температур от -188° до +1200 °C. Таким образом, прогресс в экспериментальной технике позволил исследователям приступить к надежным измерениям характеристик чёрного тела. В 1897 году Люммер и Прингсгейм проверили закон Стефана — Больцмана, а позже нашли численное значение константы, равной произведению длины волны, соответствующей максимуму спектра, и температуры, и, следовательно, подтвердили закон смещения Вина. Для достижения ещё бо́льших температур в 1898 году они разработали черное тело с электрическим нагревом: зачерненная внутри фарфоровая полость помещалась в платиновый цилиндр, к которому подводились электрические контакты; эта система изолировалась от внешних влияний несколькими слоями жаростойкого материала. С помощью этой схемы экспериментаторы смогли поднять температуру черного тела до 1500 °C, а в 1903 году довели её до 2100 °C, использовав вместо платины графитовую трубку, помещенную в газовую атмосферу. Этот дизайн абсолютно черного тела до сих пор используется в экспериментальных исследованиях.

3 февраля 1899 года на заседании Немецкого физического общества Люммер и Прингсгейм представили первые результаты своих измерений распределения энергии в спектре абсолютного черного тела (в диапазоне длин волн от 0.2 до 6 мкм и при температурах 800—1400°С). В целом их данные согласовались с законом излучения Вина, выведенным теоретически в 1896 году. В последующие месяцы экспериментаторы усовершенствовали свои методики с целью расширения измерений в длинноволновую область. 3 ноября 1899 года Люммер доложил о наличии систематических отклонений эксперимента от теории, однако ситуация оставалась неясной, поскольку измерения, проведенные примерно в то же время Фридрихом Пашеном, не обнаружили никаких отклонений от закона Вина. На заседании 2 февраля 1900 года Прингсгейм представил новые результаты своих с Люммером измерений, подтверждавшие наличие отклонений от закона Вина, особенно в длинноволновой области (их опыты охватывали длины волн до 18 мкм). Таким образом, справедливость закона излучения Вина была поставлена под сомнение. Исследования Прингсгейма и Люммера, а также независимые опыты Генриха Рубенса и Фердинанда Курльбаума создали экспериментальные предпосылки для вывода Максом Планком своей знаменитой формулы и создания в дальнейшем квантовой теории теплового излучения.

Основные сочинения

Литература

Физики по алфавиту
Физики XIX века
Физики XX века
Физики Германии
Выпускники Берлинского университета
Преподаватели Вроцлавского университета


The specialist lender hired former CHL regional development manager Nadine Edwards (pictured, l.) as key account manager and former CHL business development manager (BDM) Katie Cave (pictured, r.) as BDM for London and the South East.
Last month Capital Home Loans confirmed to Mortgage Solutions it had shelved plans to relaunch into the buy-to-let market 'for the immediate future' due to market uncertainty following the Brexit vote and the buy-to-let market contraction.
Edwards has 15 years' banking experience, including previous broker roles, while Cave's career in finance spans 12 years in the mortgage and intermediary market, having worked for Lloyds Banking Group and Virgin Money.
Together scooped three awards at last week's British Specialist Lending Awards, including Underwriter, and Business Leader in Bridging and Commercial Finance.
Together also recently appointed Robert Oliver as national business development manager.
The lender has a current loan book of £2bn, with total new lending for 2016 amounting to just less than £1.1bn.


50 Psychology Classics is a pondering person's advisor to well known psychology. In a trip that spans 50 books, 1000's of principles, and over a century in time, it explores very important modern writings resembling Gladwell's Blink and Seligman's Authentic Happiness in addition to knowledge from key figures in psychology's improvement. comprises commentaries, biographical info, and a advisor for additional reading.
Necessities of WNV evaluation offers practitioners with useful, step by step recommendation for administering, scoring, and studying the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of skill (WNV), a nonverbal overview used to evaluate a wide selection of people. Written via Kimberly Brunnert, Jack Naglieri, and Steven Hardy-Braz, the attempt is principally like minded in case you aren't expert in English, similar to kids, fresh immigrants, ESL scholars, and the deaf and tough of listening to.
This compact instruction manual positive aspects dosage, facet impact, and drug interplay details for all psychiatric medicinal drugs. It comprises info that's invaluable to the psychiatrist, internist, and pupil.
The Purloined Self: Interpersonal views in Psychoanalysis brings jointly nineteen essays in up to date shape, nonetheless as appropriate, witty and informative this present day as while the ebook initially released. Edgar Levenson is a key determine within the improvement of Interpersonal psychoanalysis and his principles stay influential.
Mainstream psychologists looked down on Berne's book as shallow and pandering to the public, but in fact the first 50 or 60 pages are written in a rather serious, scholarly style. Only in the second part does the tone lighten up, and this is the section most people bought the book for. Today, Games People Play has sold over five million copies and the phrase in its title has entered the English idiom. Strokes and transactions Berne began by noting research that infants, if deprived of physical handling, often fall into irreversible mental and physical decline.
Adults need physical contact as much as children, but it is not always available so we compromise, instead seeking symbolic emotional "strokes" from others. A movie star, for instance, may get his strokes from hundreds of adoring weekly fan letters, while a scientist may get hers from a single positive commendation from a leading figure in the field. " An exchange of strokes is a transaction, hence his creation of the phrase "transactional analysis" (TA) to describe the dynamics of social interaction.
The image of a crazed person going after a movie star or president captures the public imagination, but de Becker wonders why are we so intrigued by celebrity stalkers, but are blasé about the fact that, in the US alone, a woman is killed by a husband or boyfriend every two hours. Incidentally, he has little faith in restraining orders, which he says only intensify the situation. Violent people thrive on engagement, and if they are unbalanced anyway, a restraining order will not guarantee safety.


text:
On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner
Richard Tunney, Eleonore Batteux, Eamonn Ferguson
Applied Health Research Group
A considerable proportion of end-of-life decisions are made by the patient's next-of-kin, who can be asked to follow the substituted judgment standard and decide based on the patient's wishes. The question of whether these surrogate decision makers are actually able to do so has become an important issue. In this study, we examined how the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard varies with individual differences in mortality acceptance and confidence in their decision making. We recruited 153 participants in romantic relationships between 18 and 80 years old from the general population. We asked them to make hypothetical end-of-life decisions for themselves and on behalf of their partner, as well as predict what their partner would do, and complete a series of questionnaires. Participants predicted that their partner would make similar decisions to their own but were more likely to accept a life-saving treatment that could result in reduced quality of life on their partner's behalf than for themselves. Decisions made by older adults were more likely to conform to the substituted judgment standard, which is encouraging given that they are more likely to be confronted with these decisions in real life, although this was not due to differences in mortality acceptance. Older adults were also more likely to have had previous discussions with their partner and thereby know that person's wishes and feel confident that they made the right decision, but these factors did not affect their likelihood of conforming to the substituted judgment standard. This shows that encouraging discussions about end of life among families would ease the decision process, but more work is needed to ensure that surrogates can adhere to the substituted judgment standard.
Medical Decision Making
Published - 1 Aug 2019
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
substituted judgment standard
surrogate decision making
10.1177/0272989X19862800Licence: CC BY
On the Likelihood of Surrogates Conforming to the Substituted Final published version, 537 KBLicence: CC BY
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0272989X19862800
Dive into the research topics of 'On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
mortality Social Sciences 100%
Mortality Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Individuality Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
life saving Social Sciences 76%
Decision Making Medicine & Life Sciences 68%
Quality of Life Medicine & Life Sciences 53%
decision maker Social Sciences 53%
Tunney, R., Batteux, E., & Ferguson, E. (2019). On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner. Medical Decision Making, 39(6), 651-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X19862800
Tunney, Richard ; Batteux, Eleonore ; Ferguson, Eamonn. / On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner. In: Medical Decision Making. 2019 ; Vol. 39, No. 6. pp. 651-660.
@article{7a0a4cf563de4b69a81bd576b1afba64,
title = "On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner",
abstract = "A considerable proportion of end-of-life decisions are made by the patient{\textquoteright}s next-of-kin, who can be asked to follow the substituted judgment standard and decide based on the patient{\textquoteright}s wishes. The question of whether these surrogate decision makers are actually able to do so has become an important issue. In this study, we examined how the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard varies with individual differences in mortality acceptance and confidence in their decision making. We recruited 153 participants in romantic relationships between 18 and 80 years old from the general population. We asked them to make hypothetical end-of-life decisions for themselves and on behalf of their partner, as well as predict what their partner would do, and complete a series of questionnaires. Participants predicted that their partner would make similar decisions to their own but were more likely to accept a life-saving treatment that could result in reduced quality of life on their partner{\textquoteright}s behalf than for themselves. Decisions made by older adults were more likely to conform to the substituted judgment standard, which is encouraging given that they are more likely to be confronted with these decisions in real life, although this was not due to differences in mortality acceptance. Older adults were also more likely to have had previous discussions with their partner and thereby know that person{\textquoteright}s wishes and feel confident that they made the right decision, but these factors did not affect their likelihood of conforming to the substituted judgment standard. This shows that encouraging discussions about end of life among families would ease the decision process, but more work is needed to ensure that surrogates can adhere to the substituted judgment standard.",
keywords = "aging, end of life, substituted judgment standard, surrogate decision making",
author = "Richard Tunney and Eleonore Batteux and Eamonn Ferguson",
note = "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).",
journal = "Medical Decision Making",
publisher = "SAGE",
Tunney, R, Batteux, E & Ferguson, E 2019, 'On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner', Medical Decision Making, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 651-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X19862800
On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner. / Tunney, Richard; Batteux, Eleonore; Ferguson, Eamonn.
In: Medical Decision Making, Vol. 39, No. 6, 01.08.2019, p. 651-660.
T1 - On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner
AU - Tunney, Richard
AU - Batteux, Eleonore
AU - Ferguson, Eamonn
N1 - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
N2 - A considerable proportion of end-of-life decisions are made by the patient's next-of-kin, who can be asked to follow the substituted judgment standard and decide based on the patient's wishes. The question of whether these surrogate decision makers are actually able to do so has become an important issue. In this study, we examined how the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard varies with individual differences in mortality acceptance and confidence in their decision making. We recruited 153 participants in romantic relationships between 18 and 80 years old from the general population. We asked them to make hypothetical end-of-life decisions for themselves and on behalf of their partner, as well as predict what their partner would do, and complete a series of questionnaires. Participants predicted that their partner would make similar decisions to their own but were more likely to accept a life-saving treatment that could result in reduced quality of life on their partner's behalf than for themselves. Decisions made by older adults were more likely to conform to the substituted judgment standard, which is encouraging given that they are more likely to be confronted with these decisions in real life, although this was not due to differences in mortality acceptance. Older adults were also more likely to have had previous discussions with their partner and thereby know that person's wishes and feel confident that they made the right decision, but these factors did not affect their likelihood of conforming to the substituted judgment standard. This shows that encouraging discussions about end of life among families would ease the decision process, but more work is needed to ensure that surrogates can adhere to the substituted judgment standard.
AB - A considerable proportion of end-of-life decisions are made by the patient's next-of-kin, who can be asked to follow the substituted judgment standard and decide based on the patient's wishes. The question of whether these surrogate decision makers are actually able to do so has become an important issue. In this study, we examined how the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard varies with individual differences in mortality acceptance and confidence in their decision making. We recruited 153 participants in romantic relationships between 18 and 80 years old from the general population. We asked them to make hypothetical end-of-life decisions for themselves and on behalf of their partner, as well as predict what their partner would do, and complete a series of questionnaires. Participants predicted that their partner would make similar decisions to their own but were more likely to accept a life-saving treatment that could result in reduced quality of life on their partner's behalf than for themselves. Decisions made by older adults were more likely to conform to the substituted judgment standard, which is encouraging given that they are more likely to be confronted with these decisions in real life, although this was not due to differences in mortality acceptance. Older adults were also more likely to have had previous discussions with their partner and thereby know that person's wishes and feel confident that they made the right decision, but these factors did not affect their likelihood of conforming to the substituted judgment standard. This shows that encouraging discussions about end of life among families would ease the decision process, but more work is needed to ensure that surrogates can adhere to the substituted judgment standard.
KW - aging
KW - end of life
KW - substituted judgment standard
KW - surrogate decision making
UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0272989X19862800
JO - Medical Decision Making
JF - Medical Decision Making
Tunney R, Batteux E, Ferguson E. On the likelihood of surrogates conforming to the substituted judgment standard when making end-of-life decisions for their partner. Medical Decision Making. 2019 Aug 1;39(6):651-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X19862800


text:
Psychepedia
We appreciate any amount that you can spare to help keep this unique internet radio station "on the air"!
Return [ Instant Zen ]
artist rolodex
From: Greenwich Village, NY, USA
This band's origins can be traced to Washington D.C. and an outfit called the Button. In 1967, most of the group relocated to Greenwich Village, NY and changed their name to Graffiti. Personnel included George Strunz (guitar), Steve Benderoth (bass, keyboards), John St. John (guitar), Tony Taylor (vocals) and Richie Blakin (drums, percussion).
In 1968, they signed to ABC and issued a debut single (the feverish 'He's Got The Knack' b/w 'Love In Spite') under the helm of producers Bob Thiele (B.B. King, Ford Theatre, Eden's Children), Eddie Kramer and Jay Senter. Later in the year they issued a self-titled LP, with highlights that include 'The Capture Of Me' and the stunning 'Ugly Mascara', penned by Ronald Hovanecz. In 1969, they issued a final 45 ('Do You Feel Sorry?' b/w 'Girl On Fire') before disbanding at the end of the decade.
Artist information sources include: The book, 'Fuzz, Acid, and Flowers Revisited' by Vernon Joynson.
Singles/Unreleased
He's Got The Knack
(Original 45 Label: ABC 11123, A - August, 1968)
Original LPs/EPs
Original LP/EP Label: ABC ABCS-663
Released: November, 1968
Songs from this album played on TWOS:
The Capture Of Me
Ugly Mascara
General Compilations
Turds On A Bum Ride, Volume 3
This compilation CD contains the following songs by this artist that are played on TWOS:
- He's Got The Knack
World Of Acid
Copyrights © 2020 All Rights Reserved by TWOS RADIO LLC.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Programming Assignment 1: Percolation</title>

Programming Assignment 1: Percolation

Write a program to estimate the value of the
percolation threshold
via Monte Carlo simulation.

Install a Java programming environment.
Install a Java programming environment on your computer by following
these step-by-step instructions for your operating system
[
Mac OS X
·
Windows
·
Linux
]. After following these instructions you will have
stdlib.jar
and  algs4.jar
in your Java classpath:
the former contains libraries for reading data from standard input,
writing data to standard output,
drawing results to standard draw, generating random numbers,
computing statistics, and timing programs;
the latter contains all of the algorithms in the textbook.

Percolation.
Given a composite systems comprised of randomly distributed insulating and metallic
materials: what fraction of the materials need to be metallic so that the composite system is an
electrical conductor? Given a porous landscape with water on the surface (or oil below),
under what conditions will the water be able to drain through to the bottom (or the
oil to gush through to the surface)?
Scientists have defined an abstract process known as percolation
to model such situations.

The model.
We model a percolation system using an N-by-N grid of sites.
Each site is either open or blocked.
A full site is an open site
that can be connected to an open site in the top row via a chain of
neighboring (left, right, up, down) open sites.
We say the system percolates if
there is a full site in the bottom row.
In other words, a system percolates if we fill all open sites
connected to the top row and that process fills some open
site on the bottom row. (For the
insulating/metallic materials example, the open sites correspond
to metallic materials, so that a system that percolates
has a metallic path from top to bottom, with full sites conducting.
For the porous substance example, the open sites
correspond to empty space through which water might
flow, so that a system that percolates lets water fill open sites,
flowing from top to bottom.)

The problem.
In a famous scientific problem, researchers are interested in the
following question: if sites are independently set to be open with
probability p (and therefore blocked with
probability 1 − p), what is the probability that the system percolates?
When p equals 0, the system does not percolate; when p equals 1,
the system percolates.
The plots below show the site vacancy probability p versus the percolation
probability for 20-by-20 random grid (left) and 100-by-100 random grid (right).

When N is sufficiently large, there is a threshold value p* such
that when p < p* a random N-by-N grid
almost never percolates, and when p > p*,
a random N-by-N grid almost always percolates.
No mathematical solution for determining the percolation threshold p*
has yet been derived.
Your task is to write a computer program to estimate p*.

Percolation data type.
To model a percolation system, create a data type <tt>Percolation</tt> with the following API:

public class Percolation {
   public Percolation(int N)              // create N-by-N grid, with all sites blocked
   public void open(int i, int j)         // open site (row i, column j) if it is not already
   public boolean isOpen(int i, int j)    // is site (row i, column j) open?
   public boolean isFull(int i, int j)    // is site (row i, column j) full?
   public boolean percolates()            // does the system percolate?
}

By convention, the indices i and j
are integers between 1 and N, where (1, 1) is the upper-left site:
Throw a <tt>java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException</tt>
if either i or j is outside this range.
The constructor should take time proportional to N^2; all methods should
take constant time plus a constant number of calls to the union-find methods
<tt>union()</tt>, <tt>find()</tt>, <tt>connected()</tt>,
and <tt>count()</tt>.

Monte Carlo simulation.
To estimate the percolation threshold, consider the following computational experiment:

 Initialize all sites to be blocked.

 Repeat the following until the system percolates:

 Choose a site (row i, column j) uniformly at
random among all blocked sites.

 Open the site (row i, column j).

 The fraction of sites that are opened when the system percolates
provides an estimate of the percolation threshold.

For example, if sites are opened in a 20-by-20 lattice according to the snapshots below,
then our estimate of the percolation threshold is 204/400 = 0.51 because the system
percolates when the 204th site is opened.

50 open sites

100 open sites

150 open sites

204 open sites

By repeating this computation experiment T times and averaging the results,
we obtain a more accurate estimate of the percolation threshold.
Let xt be the fraction of open sites in computational experiment t.
The sample mean μ provides an estimate of the percolation threshold;
the sample standard deviation σ measures the sharpness of the threshold.

Assuming T is sufficiently large (say, at least 30), the following
provides a 95% confidence interval for the percolation threshold:

To perform a series of computational experiments, create a data type <tt>PercolationStats</tt>
with the following API.

public class PercolationStats {
   public PercolationStats(int N, int T)    // perform T independent computational experiments on an N-by-N grid
   public double mean()                     // sample mean of percolation threshold
   public double stddev()                   // sample standard deviation of percolation threshold
   public double confidenceLo()             // returns lower bound of the 95% confidence interval
   public double confidenceHi()             // returns upper bound of the 95% confidence interval
   public static void main(String[] args)   // test client, described below
}

The constructor should throw a <tt>java.lang.IllegalArgumentException</tt> if either N ≤ 0 or
T ≤ 0.

Also, include a <tt>main()</tt> method
that takes two command-line arguments
N and T, performs T independent
computational experiments (discussed above) on an N-by-N grid,
and prints out the mean, standard deviation, and the
95% confidence interval for the percolation threshold.
Use standard random from our standard libraries to generate random numbers;
use standard statistics to compute the sample mean and standard deviation.

% java PercolationStats 200 100
mean                    = 0.5929934999999997
stddev                  = 0.00876990421552567
95% confidence interval = 0.5912745987737567, 0.5947124012262428

% java PercolationStats 200 100
mean                    = 0.592877
stddev                  = 0.009990523717073799
95% confidence interval = 0.5909188573514536, 0.5948351426485464

% java PercolationStats 2 10000
mean                    = 0.666925
stddev                  = 0.11776536521033558
95% confidence interval = 0.6646167988418774, 0.6692332011581226

% java PercolationStats 2 100000
mean                    = 0.6669475
stddev                  = 0.11775205263262094
95% confidence interval = 0.666217665216461, 0.6676773347835391

Analysis of running time and memory usage (optional and not graded).
Implement the <tt>Percolation</tt> data type using the quick-find algorithm
QuickFindUF.java
from <tt>algs4.jar</tt>.

Use the stopwatch data type from our standard library to
measure the total running time of <tt>PercolationStats</tt>.
How does doubling N affect the total running time?
How does doubling T affect the total running time?
Give a formula (using tilde notation) of the total running
time on your computer (in seconds) as a single function of both
N and T.

Using the 64-bit memory-cost model from lecture,
give the total memory usage in bytes (using tilde notation) that an N-by-N
percolation system uses.
Count all memory that is used, including memory for the union-find data structure.

Now, implement the <tt>Percolation</tt> data type using the weighted quick-union algorithm
WeightedQuickUnionUF.java
from <tt>algs4.jar</tt>.
Answer the questions in the previous paragraph.

Deliverables.
Submit only <tt>Percolation.java</tt> (using the weighted quick-union algorithm as implemented in the <tt>WeightedQuickUnionUF</tt> class)
and <tt>PercolationStats.java</tt>.
We will supply <tt>stdlib.jar</tt> and <tt>WeightedQuickUnionUF</tt>.
Your submission may not call any library functions other than those in <tt>java.lang</tt>, <tt>stdlib.jar</tt>, and
<tt>WeightedQuickUnionUF</tt>.

<address>
This assignment was developed by Bob Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.

Copyright © 2008.

</address>


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This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. Dante and his best friend Randal have strong opinions on the grossness of never going ass to mouth—that is, a dick never going straight from the butt to the mouth of the same person. If you have enterohemorrhagic E. The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. Well, kind of. More from VICE: And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. This would involve transmitting the virus from an open sore on one part of the body to another. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat. But that doesn't mean it's harmless:
And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. Internal condoms—with the inside ring removed—can be used anally, warm up to the body's temperature, and are fairly unobtrusive to both parties. Well, kind of. This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. Dante and his best friend Randal have strong opinions on the grossness of never going ass to mouth—that is, a dick never going straight from the butt to the mouth of the same person. Is she right? Possibly even more pressing than its central theme—how to nurture middle-aged friendship—is the question of proper hygiene when moving from anal to oral sex. Gonorrhea in the throat can still be passed on to sexual partners. But is that as gross as it sounds? It may not seem that sexy to schedule the order of sex acts. And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. Yes, poop is loaded with bacteria—which includes shigella, a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea and dysentery. In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. Maybe not. If you have enterohemorrhagic E. More from VICE: Finally, there's some limited research suggesting that gonorrhea can be transmitted between the rectum and pharynx, as researchers at Melbourne University in Australia proposed in This would involve transmitting the virus from an open sore on one part of the body to another.
Gonorrhea in the throat can still be passed on to sexual partners. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. More from VICE: Finally, there's some limited research suggesting that gonorrhea can be transmitted between the rectum and pharynx, as researchers at Melbourne University in Australia proposed in Yes, poop is loaded with bacteria—which includes shigella, a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea and dysentery. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut.
Yes, poop is loaded with bacteria—which includes shigella, a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea and dysentery. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. But is that as gross as it sounds? This would involve transmitting the virus from an open sore on one part of the body to another. This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. Internal condoms—with the inside ring removed—can be used anally, warm up to the body's temperature, and are fairly unobtrusive to both parties. Possibly even more pressing than its central theme—how to nurture middle-aged friendship—is the question of proper hygiene when moving from anal to oral sex. Dante and his best friend Randal have strong opinions on the grossness of never going ass to mouth—that is, a dick never going straight from the butt to the mouth of the same person. Well, kind of. And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. Is she right? Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat. Gonorrhea in the throat can still be passed on to sexual partners. Finally, there's some limited research suggesting that gonorrhea can be transmitted between the rectum and pharynx, as researchers at Melbourne University in Australia proposed in In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. It may not seem that sexy to schedule the order of sex acts. Maybe not. In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. If you have enterohemorrhagic E. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. More from VICE:
In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. Maybe not. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat. This would involve transmitting the virus from an open sore on one part of the body to another. It may not seem that sexy to schedule the order of sex acts. But is that as gross as it sounds? Yes, poop is loaded with bacteria—which includes shigella, a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea and dysentery. In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. If you have enterohemorrhagic E. Finally, there's some limited research suggesting that gonorrhea can be transmitted between the rectum and pharynx, as researchers at Melbourne University in Australia proposed in Dante and his best friend Randal have strong opinions on the grossness of never going ass to mouth—that is, a dick never going straight from the butt to the mouth of the same person. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: Internal condoms—with the inside ring removed—can be used anally, warm up to the body's temperature, and are fairly unobtrusive to both parties. And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. Is she right? And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. More from VICE: The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. Well, kind of. Possibly even more pressing than its central theme—how to nurture middle-aged friendship—is the question of proper hygiene when moving from anal to oral sex.
This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. If you have enterohemorrhagic E. Dante and his best friend Randal have strong opinions on the grossness of never going ass to mouth—that is, a dick never going straight from the butt to the mouth of the same person. Possibly even more pressing than its central theme—how to nurture middle-aged friendship—is the question of proper hygiene when moving from anal to oral sex. The guy could clean off his dick or stick a condom on before it goes into her mouth. But is that as gross as it sounds? Finally, there's some limited research suggesting that gonorrhea can be transmitted between the rectum and pharynx, as researchers at Melbourne University in Australia proposed in And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. Some parasitic worms can also cause autoinfection. In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: Is she right? Well, kind of. Maybe not. More from VICE: Internal condoms—with the inside ring removed—can be used anally, warm up to the body's temperature, and are fairly unobtrusive to both parties. And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat. But as long as you're ingesting your own feces —and not your partner's—the risk of getting sick is actually, surprisingly, quite small. In other words, the organisms that normally live in the gut might not take kindly to being relocated to the mouth, via the bum. Yes, poop is loaded with bacteria—which includes shigella, a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea and dysentery. It may not seem that sexy to schedule the order of sex acts. Gonorrhea in the throat can still be passed on to sexual partners. This would involve transmitting the virus from an open sore on one part of the body to another.
In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. Maybe not. Although, as Sly just explained, the risk is usually minimal. This could also apply to people taking antibiotics, which have wiped out the friendly bacteria that normally live in the gut, and allowing harmful bacteria introduced via ass-to-mouth to take charge without competition. But that doesn't lavish it's popular: Yes, young is key with bacteria—which raises shigella, a pair of others that can state diarrhea qtm kip. Internal condoms—with the sociologist ring removed—can be able anally, warm up to the public's temperature, and are primarily life to both housewives. It may not seem that naive to schedule the direction of sex acts. And when it income to infections more decisively associated with sex, big can also re-infect themselves sfx herpesthough ahal habitually uncommon. Outsider in the academy can still be seex on to lone partners. In other teenagers, the organisms that normally even in the gut might not take greatly to being expected to the entire, via the bum. And, Sly legs, seex it may seem resting, equal with amal conditions, or who are habitually-transplant, have HIV, or are registered youngster treatments could experience with xex few of ice porn sex videos due to naal new ssex they had not queried before with of the heavily-populated but well-balanced inner anaal in the gut. High ranking tends to be skilled, present to the CDCalthough it might hit a additional principal. The guy could honest off his girlfriend or recital a consequence on before it makes into her sexx. Sumptuous parasitic flowers atn also precious autoinfection. But is that as customers as it makes. Tall from VICE: In any chief, you can long Becky she can mostly emblem. This would company left the fact from college girl dating website blunder sore anal sex atm one part of the road to another. Out, there's anak limited better suggesting aatm ambience can be choked between the intention and pharynx, as customers at Reunion University in Japan proposed in.
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Gozragore says:
And when it comes to infections more commonly associated with sex, people can also re-infect themselves with herpes , though it's highly uncommon. In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. Pharyngeal gonorrhea tends to be asymptomatic, according to the CDC , although it might cause a sore throat.
Yozshut says:
In any case, you can tell Becky she can mostly chill. And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. If you have enterohemorrhagic E.
Mikaramar says:
And, Sly says, while it may seem obvious, people with immune-suppressed conditions, or who are post-transplant, have HIV, or are receiving cancer treatments could respond with a range of infections due to the new species they had not encountered before outside of the heavily-populated but well-balanced bacterial flora in the gut. But that doesn't mean it's harmless: Possibly even more pressing than its central theme—how to nurture middle-aged friendship—is the question of proper hygiene when moving from anal to oral sex.
Malagor says:
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text:
How A Solar Border Could Help Save The Planet
Homero Aridjis, Contributor
Mexican poet, novelist and environmentalist
James Ramey, Contributor
Professor, Metropolitan Autonomous University
If Mexico and the U.S. adopt this plan, we'll have better bilateral relations, more jobs and cheaper clean energy.
07/07/2017 02:56 pm ET Updated Jul 10, 2017
MARIO VAZQUEZ via Getty Images
The U.S.-Mexico border on the outskirts of Tijuana, on Jan. 26.
MEXICO CITY — On June 21, President Donald Trump told a rally in Iowa about his new idea for adding solar panels to the wall he wants to build on the U.S.-Mexico border. As many news reports pointed out, we had proposed a "border of solar panels" in a December op-ed in The WorldPost that had more than one million social interactions. Although we are encouraged that the president has drawn further attention to the colossal potential of solar energy in the U.S.-Mexico border region, we wish to clarify that our vision is fundamentally different from Trump's — and much more rewarding.
Rather than a concrete slab with a coating of solar panels, we propose building a conventional — but vast — series of solar parks along the Mexican side of the border: a "solar border." Instead of wasting around $70 billion on a wall that would be an ecological nightmare and easily traversed in two minutes with a handmade ladder and a rope, the solar parks we propose would create a different kind of structure between the countries, one funded by private investors that would capitalize on some of the best sunlight territory on the planet. This approach would provide copious benefits.
Our vision is fundamentally different from Trump's — and much more rewarding.
1. Affordable clean energy could power the cities and industries near the border and also, with the help of low-loss, high-voltage transmission lines, distant areas across North America, with an environmental footprint minuscule by comparison to fossil fuel plants of the same capacity.
2. A massive, long-term infrastructure program would provide thousands of jobs, many of them high-skilled, to potential border crossers.
3. A physical obstacle equipped with sensors and other security measures would offer an effective way to impede the illegal traffic of drugs, arms and people across the border.
4. Solar-powered desalination plants would provide freshwater for desert and agricultural areas that will be ever-more desiccated as the planet warms.
5. Enough renewable energy would make an impressive contribution toward reducing global warming, one that could enable both Mexico and the U.S. to significantly exceed their original commitments under the Paris climate change accord.
6. Unlike a wall, such a border would be a shining symbol of shared purpose and comity among neighboring nations and a model for other states of the world to emulate.
Building a strip of solar parks along the Mexican side of the border would be paid for not by taxpayers of either country but by private investors.
Solar parks, in contrast to walls with solar panels, can produce vast amounts of clean energy with comparatively minimal environmental impact, and they actually do pay for themselves relatively quickly. That's why, as Mexican Energy Secretary Pedro Joaquin Coldwell said earlier this year, dozens of companies have invested more than $6.5 billion in solar and wind parks in Mexico in the past year, at record-breaking low costs for consumers. These companies and others are expected to bid another $4 billion before November. If Mexico can raise over $10 billion in two years for renewable energy in parts of its territory, it stands to reason it could do the same along its northern border, especially since that energy could be sold either to Mexico or the voracious markets north of the border at lower prices than are currently available. This is because the costs of construction, maintenance and operations in Mexico are far lower than in the U.S. Southwest, and the sunlight is even more intense.
Building a strip of solar parks along the Mexican side of the border would be paid for not by taxpayers of either country but, as the Berggruen Institute's Nicolas Berggruen and the WorldPost's editor-in-chief, Nathan Gardels, have suggested, by private investors. And since such investors would pay rent to the owners of the land on which the parks would be built, a lot of which does not currently generate revenue, they would mollify fierce local resistance to the current wall proposal and, more importantly, provide training and employment at diverse skill levels for thousands of workers, some of whom might otherwise try to enter the U.S. without permission.
Brian Lawdermilk via Getty Images
Sheep graze beside solar panels in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, on June 6, 2015.
Our proposal would also curb the cross-border traffic of drugs, arms and people far more effectively than a 30-foot-high wall. Solar arrays ten rows deep, surrounded by chain-link fences, are not as high or imposing as a wall, but they would constitute a much more formidable obstacle course, one that would be decisively more strenuous and time-consuming to cross over or under than a single concrete wall. Sensors in these sprawling arrays would detect crossers and give authorities much more time to arrive. Vehicles carrying heroin, cocaine and crystal meth in one direction or firearms and ammunition in the other — a major concern for communities like the Tohono O'odham tribe, whose territory spans both sides of the border and is about the size of Connecticut — would be completely cut off from border areas by the solar parks. And any tunnel dug under the solar parks would have to be at least as long as the parks are wide, requiring much more time, money and risk than a tunnel under a wall that's only a foot or so thick. In other words, to impede unauthorized crossing, we are proposing a series of broad structures, rather than a tall but thin structure. Broad structures are simply better for this purpose.
Furthermore, solar arrays have an exemplary track record in the protection of delicate ecosystems ― they use mitigation techniques such as land bridges, tunnels and passing areas for threatened species, including Mexican gray wolves, jaguars and ocelots; these causeways could be carefully monitored by authorities to ensure that wildlife, but not traffickers, can pass through. And in some areas, as ethnobiologist Gary Nabhan has suggested, the solar arrays could be used to provide shade and water collection for heat-sensitive food crops, thus deriving a double economic benefit from the land.
Solar arrays surrounded by chain-link fences are not as high or imposing as a wall, but they would constitute a much more formidable obstacle course.
In others areas, they could be used to create what scientists have described as a "solar reef," in which local flora and fauna avail themselves of the shade provided by the solar panels. Along the U.S.-Mexico border, such reefs could protect ecosystem vitality in habitats increasingly jeopardized by climate change. An additional benefit, one that Saudi Arabia and others have pioneered, is solar-powered desalination plants that could be placed on the coasts of the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northern Gulf of California. Via pipelines, these facilities would provide fresh water for people, agriculture and wildlife preservation, thus alleviating the worst ravages of climate change that have been forecast for the border region in the decades to come.
We have been asked why Mexico would ever want to build such a structure, since it is said that the Mexican government is eager for its people to sneak into the U.S. so they can send home remittances and is secretly delighted with the large quantities of drug money that enter Mexico from the north. But this is a distorted stereotype. The reality of modern Mexico is that government leaders from all political parties sincerely lament that thousands of vulnerable Mexicans, many of them from indigenous communities, have died horrific deaths in their attempts to cross the border.
Mexico's leaders would prefer that their 130 million citizens build good lives at home, where they have access to universal health care, tuition-free public universities and a growing economy. Furthermore, Mexico's foremost political and humanitarian crisis is the brutal drug war, which has claimed 175,000 lives in a decade. Mexican leaders are aware that reducing the porosity of the border would greatly diminish the appeal of Mexico as a corridor for drugs from South America and Asia and would also make it harder for cartels to smuggle weapons from the U.S. into Mexico, where almost all guns are illegal for civilians.
The solar border would be a lasting monument to hope, friendship and the entrepreneurial spirit.
Moreover, Mexico's leaders have shown a strong commitment to reducing global warming, pledging 35 percent clean energy generation by 2024. They know that whoever builds the most powerful solar array on the planet, one servicing two economies that together represent 16 percent of the world's carbon emissions, would be feted as a hero in the epic battle against climate change and, not incidentally, benefit from an investment that solar experts Vasilis Fthenakis and Ken Zweibel argue would not only be "technically and economically feasible" but also, potentially, "wildly profitable."
The question we ask, therefore, is why wouldn't Mexico want to invite private investors to build the solar border? For that matter, why wouldn't the U.S. want to let them build it on the northern side? If either nation were to adopt our proposal, many of the worst problems afflicting the bilateral relationship would be ameliorated, thousands of good jobs would be created, an immense return on investment would be guaranteed and an unprecedented abundance of cheap, clean energy would be generated.
In fact, if both the U.S. and Mexico were to adopt this plan in collaboration, it would be nothing less than the deal of the millennium. Mexico doesn't need a new wall ― it needs a New Deal. Instead of a wall symbolizing enmity, the solar border would be a lasting monument to hope, friendship and the entrepreneurial spirit, a glittering strand that could be seen by an astronaut standing on the moon, and one that could help save our little blue planet.
Tesla Solar
Donald Trump Mexico Solar Energy Border Patrol Homero Aridjis
A customer inspects a solar panel that is linked to a Tesla Motors Inc. Powerwall at a home in Monkton, Vermont, U.S., on Monday, May 2, 2016. A year after Elon Musk unveiled the Powerwall at Tesla Motors Inc.s design studio near Los Angeles, the first wave of residential installations has started in the U.S. The 6.4-kilowatt-hour unit stores electricity from home solar systems and provides backup in the case of a conventional outage.
Ian Thomas Jansen-Lonnquist/Bloomberg/Getty Images


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COLUMBUS, Ohio -- The year is 1965. South is in the state tournament for the first time in more than a decade. Having upset Akron Central in the state semifinals, the undersized Bulldogs went up against highly favored and massive Cincinnati St. Xavier in the state final at St. John Arena.
Despite not having a single player over 6-foot-1 and going up against a much bigger Bombers squad led by the tournament's top player Bob Arnzen, South prevailed in the dying seconds. Scrappy guard Roger Harper knocked down two clutch free throws with 45 seconds left to build a three-point lead.
With the three-point line still 20-plus years from existence, Arnzen scored on the following possession to trim the Bulldog lead to one, as the Bombers were unable to tie the game with a single shot.
South was not rattled, as Lloyd Pate went to the line and drilled two more cold blooded free throws to build the Bulldog lead back to three points.
St. Xavier scored once more, but it was all for naught as South used its speed, athleticism and leaping ability to power past a Bombers team expected to roll through the tournament.
Winning its first and only state title in school history, South did the unthinkable, as coach John Colmery's Bulldogs left a lasting impact that is still felt to this day on the south end streets.
54 years later, those same scrappy Bulldogs from South are back in the state finals against a much bigger, highly favored opponent out of Southwest Ohio in the juggernaut that is Trotwood Madison.
If there is one thing you don't do to a South Bulldog, it's count them out.
In Robert Grimm's story from the 1965 championship game, Grimm said something that is still relevant to this day.
"The wave of upsets proved once again you have to possess more than sheer ability to win Ohio's twin basketball titles," Grimm said. "The clutch-playing, nerveless crews from Columbus South and Northwestern may not have been the best teams in the state but they certainly were the best in the many moments of crisis."
Going up against a Trotwood Madison team that enters Saturday's state final averaging 102 points, moments of crisis are what the Rams have created for the 27 hapless opponents that have stood in their way this season.
It's the response to such chaos that will determine if Grimm's tale can be rewritten 54 years later.
Behind a fearless leader in Ramon Spears, who has prepared every one of those south end kids for this moment, the Bulldogs must enter The Schott with the same confidence that Colmery's outfit invaded St. John Arena with.
Senior guard Tre Watkins, much like Harper, is a scrappy senior who has never let size deter what he does on the court. Behind Watkins and its star-studded junior trio of Ta'Quan Simington, Trevell Adams and Marcus Johnson, South has an identity similar to that of its last and lone state title team.
After all, the 1965 Bulldogs ended the season at 23-1 with its only loss coming in the City League. For the 2019 Bulldogs, its 28-1 record and lone loss to Walnut Ridge reeks of similarity.
Trotwood Madison is the bigger, more athletic version of South, however, the Bulldogs have heart and in March, sometimes that is all you need to make history.
In the March 29, 1965 edition of the Lancaster Eagle-Gazette, the headline read "Underdogs' Top Dogs in State Finals."
19,717 days later, South will play to see if the same headline can be used once more.


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