text:
the Middle East; IAPT; chronic fatigue; religion; boys and psychology; and more
Rebels with a psychological cause
More than five months of collective protests against autocratic regimes have been staged across the different countries in the Middle East. It is clear to both the protagonist groups and their international spectators that big shifts have taken place in the hearts and minds of ordinary people to cause these extraordinary events. Psychology seems to be well placed here to identify the causal factors of such events. Once identified, they may help us formulate predictions about their outcomes in the affected regions and elsewhere. Reicher and Haslam, for example, have eloquently offered their analysis of the events leading up to Mubarak's overthrow ('Forum: The real world', March 2011). Beside the driving forces of shared solidarity and social media, the authors explain that the Egyptians did what they did because Tunisians offered them a cognitive alternative to their repressed existence by overthrowing their own autocratic leader.
I generally agree with the authors about the importance of cognitive alternatives in relation to protest. And yet, the alternative realities provided by Tunisia and Egypt have not managed to bring out the kinds of masses on the streets of Libya, Syria and other countries in the Middle East necessary for ousting brutal leaders. This is not intended to undermine the presence of the brave men and women who are protesting currently across the Middle Eastern countries, in whatever numbers they may appear, and thereby taking risks on their lives. Nor is it a direct challenge to Reicher and Haslam, whose work I much enjoy reading. It is rather a more general challenge to the approach we use to develop our theoretical models and predictions in psychology. And to be clear, I have personally made use of this approach, which I am about to critique, in my own work. So, it's a challenge and a reminder for me, too.
The power of prediction is what makes psychology so attractive to the general public, students, researchers and policy makers. Yet, it has important inherent weaknesses. It is tied to using predictors that primarily account for rational and less impulsive human behaviour. Why should the majority of Libyans feel encouraged to bet their lives, a rather irrational act, because of what happened in Tunisia and Egypt? Gaddafi is not the same as Ben Ali or Mubarak, despite their common brutalities. The following contrast highlights their differences only mildly but sufficiently. Throughout the protests Mubarak and his officials tried to belittle the protesters and their demands by frequently referring to them as children and calling on their parents to call them home. On the other hand, Gaddafi and his officials have called the protesting Libyans Westernised traitors and infidels. These are two distinct messages conveying different levels of harshness and severity, which would naturally inform any protester's risk assessment. Beyond the national level, the peoples of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and other countries in the region, often lumped together into the so-called 'Middle East' by us, are in fact very different peoples with different histories, politics, different relations to their military organs and the rest of the world. They are at least as different as the Scots and Northern Irish are different from the English.
Thus, our psychological explanations and predictions hold an inherent tendency to homogenise individuals and, particularly, groups, even if inadvertently. At times, we may impose social categories on to people in the interest of formulating our predictions, whereas the categories may not be shared among the individuals and groups to the extent to which we would like them to be. This can often be misused and mimicked by, for example, policy makers around the world. The ill-informed portrayal of a homogenised British Muslim community by David Cameron shows exactly that. His perception of the British Muslims leaves little room for feminists, environmentalists, gays, and other subcultures to be part of this community. But is psychology willing to sacrifice the power that comes with predictions based on homogenised perceptions, in the interest of tapping the more messy and heterogeneous realities we live in?
Masi Noor
Canterbury Christ Church University
Emotive and misleading
As a psychologist, I am as keen as anyone else to see that children are protected from the sole, or unnecessary, use of medication for mental health problems. Indeed, I have referred quite a few people to the relevant NICE guidelines when they have concerns to me about GPs prescribing drugs to their children instead of making urgent referrals to CAMHS.
As the mother of a child with ADHD, however, I am far from keen on the highly emotive language in Dave Traxson's letter ('Drugging schoolchildren as social control?', May 2011). I particularly object to the statement '…the shocking American practice of drugging 12 per cent of their whole school population for attention difficulties…'. The word 'drugging' carries with it strong connotations of tranquillisation For example, the Compact OED definition of this word is 'make [someone] unconscious or stupefied by administering a drug'.
I am constantly surprised by how many non-clinical colleagues do not know that the medication of choice for ADHD (methylphenidate – Ritalin is a trade name) is, in fact, a stimulant not a narcotic. The apparent paradox of giving a hyperactive and/or inattentive child a stimulant to calm them down is readily explained by the volumes of literature showing that the condition typically results from under-stimulation of areas of frontal cortex known to be associated with control of impulses and planning. The medication stimulates these under-active areas giving the child more personal control over their behaviour.
I must say that, in this particular, Dave Traxson's letter would have been more suited to a tabloid than The Psychologist. The decision to medicate or not is hard enough for most of us with these 'full of beans' kids. That decision is made even more difficult for parents in the face of so much misinformation and it is disappointing that The Psychologist is itself failing to oppose such emotive and misleading implications.
Name and address supplied
Addressing the complexity of being human
'Is IAPT the only political option?' (Letters, April) was really refreshing! Being a second-year trainee clinical psychologist and having trained abroad, I feel really concerned by the state of clinical psychology in the UK. I was glad to see that others have started to think about our profession and what we are responding to. IAPT and the NICE guidelines impose methods and ways of working that seem to reflect a particular approach and philosophical stance. However, to me and I hope many more, this does not encompass the realities of the individuals and families we meet in our services. By agreeing to and not questioning the current dominant discourse around clinical psychology, I feel that we are lowering clinical psychology as a profession, and this is scary. More and more, our job seems to be a plaster for political and social difficulties, blaming the individual instead of questioning the way our society functions.
My questions and concerns regarding clinical psychology: Has our profession ever been used as a political plaster to address human distress associated with wider socio-economic problems that governments and politics are unable to address and heal themselves? Are we really trying to improve psychological access to therapy for individuals and groups in distress, or are we improving psychological access to therapy for people off sick from work to put them back to work and respond to politico-socio-economic problems rather than psychological difficulties? And what do people accessing services really want?
In any kind of system, I believe that the imposition of a model of working cannot be beneficial, as it cannot represent the complexity and diversity of human beings, emotions and cultures.
I felt really released to read this article as I felt less isolated in my way of thinking and I really hope that clinical psychologists could unify themselves in a sense of supporting and promoting the profession. I believe that it is not the model we use that matters as such but the way we use. The current climate with CBT and IAPT reminds me of a kind of dictatorship, which I feel is a danger for individuals and families coming to the service.
Who are we really working for and what purpose are we serving?
Leslie Valon
State of confusion
The 'Looking back' article by Roderick D. Buchanan (April 2011) on Hans Eysenck reminded me of a lecture I attended by Eysenck during the 1950s when he was describing/promoting the Maudsley Personality Inventory.
One of the questions at the end of his lecture asked Eysenck if he did not think that the new instrument, the MPI, would be confused with the existing MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and, if so, what should be done about it. Eysenck's reply was yes, he agreed that there might be some confusion – and he was considering asking the Governor of Minnesota to change the name of his state. As the MPI's successor was the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Hans had probably given up hope that the Governor would accede to his request.
John McLeod
In defence of PACE
Your summary of the findings of the PACE trial which evaluated the effectiveness of CBT and graded exercise therapy as treatments for ME/CFS (News, April 2011), gave a somewhat misleading impression of the outcomes of this study. You said that self-reports on measures of fatigue and physical function showed that '30 per cent of CBT patients and 28 per cent of exercise patients had returned to "normal" function'. This suggests that nearly one third had recovered with these treatments. Unfortunately this is far from the case.
First, the thresholds for 'normal' were set so low they could include those with considerable disability. The authors defined 'within the normal range' as a Short Form-36 Physical Function (SF-36) score of 60 or more (0–100 scale), yet the problems with physical functioning that characterise CFS were defined by a SF-36 score of up to 65 – which overlaps with normality. The situation with fatigue scores is similar, so that a participant may have met the trial fatigue criteria for CFS yet simultaneously have met the criteria for 'normal'. Consequently the figures you quoted tell us little meaningful about the PACE trial's effectiveness.
Secondly, it is of some concern that the authors inexplicably changed the criteria for positive primary outcomes originally proposed by them in the protocol for the study (White et al., 2007). On the Chalder Fatigue Scale, for example, they stated that a positive outcome would be a 50 per cent reduction in self-reported fatigue, or a score of 3 or less. And on the SF-36 scale of physical function a score of 75 or more, or a 50 per cent increase from baseline would be required. So the figures you reported are misleading.
Thirdly, you omitted to mention the disappointing outcomes on more objective measures of functioning. For example, after a year of treatment, patients receiving graded exercise therapy had on average increased the distance they were able to walk in six minutes from 312 to 379 metres. Even patients suffering from serious chronic cardiopulmonary diseases can manage more than this (in a sample of over 1000 such patients the mean distance walked was 393 metres [Ross et al., 2010]), and at normal walking speed people typically cover around 500 metres. CBT treatment had no significant effect on walking distance.
Perhaps these results are unsurprising, given that the treatments focused on reducing patients' assumed fear of engaging in activity, and completely failed to acknowledge the complexity of this illness. We are much concerned that exaggerated claims for these treatments will create a false impression of the effectiveness of PACE amongst psychologists, and will continue to divert scarce resources away from effective medical treatments for this devastating condition.
Jennifer M. Kidd
London N10
Simon McGrath
Ross, R.M., Murthy, J.N., Wollak, I.D., & Jackson, A.J. (2010). The six-minute walk test accurately estimates mean peak oxygen uptake. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 10, 31.
White P.D., Sharpe M.C., Chalder T. et al. (2007). Protocol for the PACE trial. BMC Neurology, 7, 6.
The headline 'Fatigue evidence gathers PACE' may well have been misleading, given that 'pacing' was under the cosh from the latest research into effective approaches for those with ME/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)! I read with great interest the results of the PACE randomised study on CBT and GET (graded exercise therapy). However, my experience of working with 'pacing' doesn't necessarily follow the findings. I am a Chartered Sport and Exercise Psychologist, working especially in clinical sport psychology, and also with clients experiencing clinical obesity, and fatigue amongst other presentations. I have also had a three-year history of CFS myself, and was involved in clinical trials in 2002/3, involving CBT, GET and pacing.
My experience as a participant in that study, was that the principle of 'pacing', was simplistic, yet for me significant in understanding my own 'boom and bust' approach to recovery, a typical presentation. The concept that keeping one's 'energy tank' with reserves by the end of a day, to enable activity the next day, may appear obvious, unquestionable, simplistic and 'common sense'. Yet for me within my 'internal world', it was a life-changing factor in 'pacing' my recovery. It enabled me to engage in GET, which produced a positive outcome, not just due to GET's approach, but because I was able to steer myself away from 'boom and bust', by accepting that minor changes in muscle strength and aerobic capacity, integral to the 'pacing' approach, would eventually lead me to a functional fitness. Whilst CBT investigated my overtraining approach, it was without doubt that 'pacing' changed my perception of my own exercise behaviour and re-assured me, that graduated and graded exercise worked.
Regardless of the structure of the PACE study, I consider the concept of 'pacing' to be easily integrated into cognitive and Socratic questioning, rational analysis and challenge, and in that process, the impact of 'pacing' may then be minimised. I see the concept of 'pacing' as the precursor to cognitive change, and that certainly was the case in my situation and, subsequently, those of my clients. It facilitates positive outcomes in using GET, supported by the wider benefits that CBT brings. Used in this way, the dynamic of 'pacing' may be a variable, difficult for researchers to 'tie down'.
Bridgetown, Somerset
Religious questions for psychology
The interesting articles in the April 2011 special issue on religion and spirituality seem to me to imply a unitary conception of religion. I follow other writers such as Sperber (e.g. 2004) in regarding it as a polythetic concept (Radford, 2006. 2009). There is a set of characteristics (I suggest at least 20), of which each particular religion manifests a selection. Some are almost invariable, others rarer. Some overlap with spirituality, which also has its own characteristics. I suggest the religious elements can be summarised most simply as Practices and Doctrine (teaching), the latter subdivided into Beliefs and Instructions. These are not sharp distinctions: Muslims are instructed to pray five times a day, and believe they do so to Allah. Practices include some that are not peculiar to religion. Parish Council meetings are much like other committees, but can be an important part of being a practising Anglican. Prayer, on the other hand, has no obvious non-religious exemplar. Some practices appear to be beneficial in general, others less so, as Loewenthal and Lewis discuss. The psychological issues are then Which? and Why? And this must surely include whether or not the effects are due to supernatural causes. Is prayer, for example, merely supportive, or does it attract divine assistance? Instructions often include some on which there is psychological evidence. The Book of Proverbs (frequently quoted on religious websites) insists that corporal punishment is essential in child-rearing. Psychology tells us fairly clearly that it is not, but is generally ineffective and can be harmful.
Beliefs specifically raise the question of truth. I do not see how this can be 'bracketed out' as Fraser Watts puts it. I am not a clinical psychologist, but if X complained of hearing voices when at home, I should want to know if his neighbours were noisy and his walls thin. If Y says that God commands him to blow up unbelievers, or mutilate his son's penis, the question of whether such a deity exists is important. It will not do to say that Y has misunderstood him, since there is no way of deciding this. Nor will it do to say that Y's belief, true or false, is all that matters, for an instruction from a real god might have an authority that cannot be questioned. A placebo is not medication, though it may produce some of the same effects. Further, religions make quite specific truth claims, on many of which there is psychological (and anthropological, biological, historical, etc.) evidence. Nearly all religions maintain the possibility of life after death. As far as I know there is no evidence for this, and a great deal against it. More specifically, Muslims hold, for example, that the Qur'an is the unaltered direct and final word of God. Christians hold that Jesus Christ was the son of the God of the Jews, and Scientologists that we are all alien Thetans trapped in human bodies. What we know makes these propositions appear highly unlikely. See Richards (2011) for a further discussion.
One final point. Fraser Watts makes the common claim that 'atheism is, in many ways, like a religion'. Atheism means simply 'disbelief in the existence of a God' (Oxford English Dictionary), no less, no more. It is not an entity that can possess any of the characteristics of religions. There are non-theistic religions, but that is another matter.
John Radford
Radford, J. (2006). Religion and psychology: What are they? History and Philosophy of Psychology, 8, 1–11.
Radford, J. (2009). Religion, spirituality and virtue. Transpersonal Psychology Review, 13, 50–57.
Richards, G. (2011). Psychology, religion and the nature of the soul. New York and London: Springer.
Sperber, D. (2004). Agency, religion and magic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 750–751.
When I saw the April edition of The Psychologist, I read it with enthusiasm and was greatly inspired. I am among the psychologists who believe that psychology, religion, and spirituality are inseparable.
Professional therapy should go hand in hand with religion and spirituality when the need arises. I always find it difficult to separate religion and spirituality from psychology in my books (published and unpublished). Psychology, religion, and spirituality are good combination of helping people get a better understanding of themselves and their varying situations. For instance, I had a client in my office for post-test HIV counselling. When I disclosed the result as positive, he fell in my office and started uttering some things in Arabic. With the consent of the client, I referred him to a colleague who is a Muslim. After the session the client came out looking better. My colleague appreciated the referral and told me that she used some quotations from the Qur'an in the course of the counselling that calmed the nerves of the client.
I look forward to seeing psychology move fast to the level of referring clients to therapists of the same faith as them. This I believe will make therapy more effective and sessions, shorter.
Adauzo Ijeoma Ubah
Getting boys into psychology
Marc Smith ('Failing boys, failing psychology', May 2011) cites evidence that psychology is a female-dominated subject, which in my experience on the whole has been true, usually between 30 and 40 per cent of students are male. Whilst I agree this is because of the curriculum available there are also other factors to consider. Firstly males and females do have different subject preferences. Women are naturally, and are socialised to be, interested in others, whereas men are encouraged to study 'traditional sciences'.
Secondly, students are strongly influenced by their parents and tutors. I have overheard tutors discouraging students from studying psychology because it is a 'flowery subject', and some parents have warned their children that psychology is 'easy' and 'not worthwhile'. Our cause has not been helped by the recent Russell Group list of Facilitating Subjects whereby psychology did not feature. Such a list will certainly discourage future students from choosing the subject.
After reading Marc Smith's article I asked my male students why they chose psychology, their answers included: that it sounded interesting; parental influences; and that it was a last resort fourth AS subject. I then considered Smith's point about the topics we teach and asked my students whether they thought psychology was a science? Despite my best efforts of trying to convince them over the past year, the majority still believed that it is a not a science. Some of these beliefs came from 'traditional science' teachers. Perhaps what was even more startling was that they did not realise mathematics was a science!
It seems to me that psychology A-level teachers need to promote psychology in the whole school in order to dispel myths and ensure that other staff understand what the subject is. I try to achieve this by running an academic psychology club for years 10–13 where I teach topics that are not on A-level specifications.
The final issue that Marc Smith notes is that most psychology teachers are not psychologists. In my school I am the only specialist (one of three) however, in my previous college all eight members of staff had psychology backgrounds. There is an obvious reason for this. There are only a handful of teacher training institutes that offer psychology as a PGCE subject, but even then the trainee teacher will have to teach another subject as their specialism. I completed a PGDE (a further education teaching qualification), which is acceptable if you work in a college but not if you want to work in a school. So this year I have had to complete a GTTP in psychology and PSHE to enable me to work as a 'qualified teacher'. This is something that needs to be addressed by the government and teacher training providers; as psychology departments may not, as Smith writes, be able to teach more biological topics if they have no subject knowledge other than the textbook. With both GCSE and A-level psychology available we need a specialist PGCE in psychology to ensure a higher quality of education for future psychology students.
Jessica Bloomfield
Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire
Neuroscience and education
The hot topic of neuroscience in education was raised in Paul Howard-Jones' article 'From brain scan to lesson plan' in the February 2011 issue, and followed up by letters from Marc Smith (March) and then Rachel Ingram (April), who raised a good example: BrainGym. Ingram reported having heard positively about this 'neuroscience-based' educational programme from experienced educational psychologists and community paediatricians, and was sobered to find when she looked into this that there is no evidence that the BrainGym programme conveys any educational benefits. Furthermore, the claimed neuroscientific basis for this programme is rejected by neuroscientists.
The situation is even worse in Australia. Despite the fact that it is based on no evidence and has no scientific rationale, BrainGym is widely used in Australian schools, and various state departments of education have provided funding for teachers to attend BrainGym training classes as professional development.
Both Smith and Ingram asked what might be done to reduce the impact of this and other neuromyths on classroom practice. Teacher training programmes would seem the best place to start. We should therefore be sobered yet more by data reported in the original Howard-Jones article: of 158 teacher-training graduates about to enter secondary schools, 82 per cent believed that studies of brain function justify the conclusion that teaching children in their preferred learning style could improve learning outcomes (there are no neuroscientific or other studies justifying this conclusion) and 20 per cent even believed that their brains would shrink if they drank less than six to eight glasses of water a day. The ability to think critically is what's needed if such neuromythical beliefs are to be rejected. Teacher training programmes in the UK and Australia don't seem to be providing this.
Max Coltheart
Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders
Obituary – Deone Bartlet (1925-2010)
Deone was born in Buckinghamshire but her family soon moved to New Zealand where she spent much of her childhood, returning just before war broke out. In 1942 she was recruited to Bletchley Park; it was the unusual lives of the people she met there that fed her early interest in psychology. Subsequently she took her degree in psychology at University College London.
In 1951 she took up a place on the recently established year-long course in clinical psychology at the Institute of Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital. Some work she did with a small boy in the Children's Department is an example of experimental investigation leading to treatment, the methodology developed by Monte Shapiro (Bartlet & Shapiro, 1956). In her diploma exam Deone gained a distinction and she was invited to join the staff of the Clinical Section. As well as making lifelong friendships it was at the Maudsley she met her husband Eric Bartlet.
While raising their four children Deone did some teaching at Hylton, a Froebel School in Exeter. When she separated from Eric in 1967, it was a challenging time as she combined the responsibilities of an adventurous mother with a demanding career. As her family grew up, her life took a new direction and she fostered children from difficult backgrounds while permanent homes were being found for them. Deone was encouraged to return to clinical psychology and initially worked with children in Exeter. In 1975 she was seconded to spend a year working with Vic Meyer at the Middlesex Hospital. On her return the department was growing under the leadership of Jim Drewery and she was asked to head up the South Devon Department in Torquay.
When she retired from her full-time NHS post she did some sessions at Moretonhampstead Health Centre where her down-to-earth approach was valued by her colleagues and she helped them appreciate the psychological aspects of medical problems and how to manage them. She drew eclectically on various traditions and developed her own style of therapy. She continued this sessional work following retirement and also had a small private practice.
Deone was always very close to her family, and in due course she moved to Cambridge to be geographically nearer to most of them. She applied her horticultural knowledge to developing a lovely garden; she was active in U3A; with friends she continued to visit France and Italy; and in her eighties made trips to the home of one of her daughters in Australia. Her many friends will recall her paintings, many of French scenes, her pottery figures and her poetry writing and love of music. Colleagues and friends alike will miss her kindness and her intelligence as well as her animated spirit and the happy times they spent with her.
Pat Kingerlee
Bartlet, D. & Shapiro, M.B. (1956). Investigation and treatment of a reading disability in a dull child with severe psychiatric disturbances. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 26(3), 180–190.
Forum: psychology at work
The recent HRD Conference in London highlighted the learning and development challenges facing organisations, but two sessions in particularly focused on the capability of large organisations to change and to adapt in highly complex environments.
The Change Management Consortium (Hope Hailey et al., 2009) used the context of strategic change initiatives to research effective leadership development within good employers: mature public and private sector organisations across Europe. They found a lack of confidence in leadership and a gap between senior managers and lower levels. There was a perception that senior management did not understand the challenges facing the rest of the organisation.
Hope Hailey highlighted that the financial crisis did not cause a crisis in leadership: it was there beforehand. The big question today is how to develop the competencies, attributes and behaviour of leaders who can handle increased complexity. This becomes more important with mergers and acquisition and with globalisation. Organisational identity is under attack as organisations become so large and diverse to the point where senior people are not aware of what is happening on the ground. There is often disengagement and cynicism with organisational change initiatives, and locally relevant change has more meaning. There is a feeling of lack of control over personal identity within remote global corporate agendas.
So what are the solutions? Hope Hailey asserts that middle and local managers become change agents. But these managers are often worn out and find it difficult to disagree. There needs to be fewer and more targeted changes. The identification and development of these managers is a key factor in achieving success.
This point was reinforced by Anand Pillai in his outline of the way in which HPL Technologies have developed an 'employee first' culture that drives business success and profitability through people. Their approach emphasised 'no one left behind' coupled with appreciation of individual aspirations, needs and motivation linked to team and organisational goals and culture. They empowered people to take the initiative, to innovate and to tailor interventions to individual needs.
Both sessions highlighted the importance of trust and listening. The psychological contract has changed; there is no longer a 'job for life', and for many there is low employability and insecurity. This creates a trust gap that must be bridged; leaders need to be industry aware and to work beyond their silo.
Leaders must con
The story of pain
Interview with David Halpern: An insight into 'nudge'
Pain - the patient's viewpoint


Au'to·graph noun [ French autographe , from Greek ... autographic; ... self + ... to write.] That which is written with one's own hand; an original manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.
• (n.) That which is written with one`s own hand; an original manuscript; a person`s own signature or handwriting. • (a.) In one`s own handwriting; as, an autograph letter; an autograph will.
autograph, autography 1. A person's own signature or handwriting. 2. A manuscript in the author's handwriting. 3. A handwritten signature; especially, the signature of a famous person. —Word Info image © ALL rights reserved.


Skipping meals is just one low blood sugar cause you need to avoid. When you skip meals your body is starved for nutrients and doesn't really know what to do with itself. When your body does not know what to do with itself it will eventually tell you it needs food by sending signals that it needs to eat. Some symptoms that your body sends out are blurred vision, dizziness, mental confusion, sweating, weakness, and abnormal behavior. When you experience these symptoms the only thing that should enter your mind is to get something to eat to raise your blood sugar as fast as you can. Hard candy, a glass of milk, or a peanut butter and honey sandwich are all good choices to raise your blood sugar quickly.
Peanut butter and honey is my favorite because the honey will bring your blood sugar up quickly and the peanut butter will hold it there. You can also try orange juice with some sugar dissolved into it too. If you do the juice thing you need to make sure you eat something more substantial afterward to keep your blood sugar within normal limits. Normal levels of blood sugar are supposed to be between 70 and 110 mg/dl. When you consistently fall below the level of 70mg/dl then you are considered hypoglycemic and must get treatment started right away.
Hypoglycemia is considered a forerunner of diabetes. Your doctor will no doubt have yoiu start checking your blood sugar and keeping a log every day. After a month or so of keeping this log then he or she will want to see it to see where your blood sugars tend to be at certain times during the day. This will help your doctor personalize a treatment for you. If you are diabetic, low blood sugar cause may be attributed to your medication. If you have been on the same dose of insulin for some time you need to discuss with your doctor a medication adjustment if you have been having episodes of hypoglycemia especially during the night or first thing in the morning. There are a number of different types of insulin that you can use to control your diabetes. Other causes that contribute to hypoglycemia are eating too many carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are converted into sugar very quickly after ingesting them and this causes a spike in your blood sugar. With your blood sugar spiking, your pancreas responds by flooding your bloodstream with insulin to take care of the increased sugar level.
The only problem is that the sugar spike caused by carbohydrates is short lived and the amount of insulin pumped into your bloodstream ends up to be too much and when the sugar is metabolized then you are left with a sharply dropping blood sugar and you find you have to eat again very shortly to bring your blood sugar back up. Eating several small meals throughout your day is the best way to combat and control your low blood sugar problems. No more missing meals, not eating enough at a meal, drinking in excess, or even strenuous exercise can be low blood sugar cause.


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Books > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Western philosophy, c 500 to c 1600 > General
The Trinitarian Theology of St Thomas Aquinas (Paperback)
Gilles Emery Op; Translated by Francesca Aran Murphy
A historical and systematic introduction to what the medieval philospher and theologian Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) said about faith in the Trinity. Gilles Emery OP provides an explanation of the main questions in Thomas's treatise on the Trinity in his major work, the Summa Theologiae. His presentation clarifies the key ideas through which Thomas accounts for the nature of Trinitarian monotheism. Emery focuses on the personal relations of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, both in their eternal communion and in their creative and saving action. By highlighting the thought of one of the greatest defenders of the doctrine of the Trinity, he enables people to grasp the classical Christian understanding of God.
The Correspondence of Erasmus - Letters 2082 to 2203, Volume 15 (Paperback)
Desiderius Erasmus, James M. Estes; Translated by Alexander Dalzell
This volume contains the surviving correspondence of Erasmus for the first seven months of 1529. For nearly eight years he had lived happily and productively in Basel. In the winter of 1528-9, however, the Swiss version of the Lutheran Reformation triumphed in the city, destroying the liberal-reformist atmosphere Erasmus had found so congenial. Unwilling to live in a place where Catholic doctrine and practice were officially proscribed, Erasmus resettled in the quiet, reliably Catholic university town of Freiburg im Breisgau, Despite the turmoil of moving, Erasmus managed to complete the new Froben editions of Seneca and St Augustine, both monumental projects that had been underway for years. He also found time to engage in controversy with his conservative Catholic critics, as well as to write a long letter lamenting the execution for heresy of his friend Louis de Berquin at Paris. Volume 15 of the Collected Works of Erasmus series.
Interpreting Maimonides - Critical Essays (Hardcover)
Charles H. Manekin, Daniel Davies
Moses Maimonides (1138-1204) was arguably the single most important Jewish thinker of the Middle Ages, with an impact on the later Jewish tradition that was unparalleled by any of his contemporaries. In this volume of new essays, world-leading scholars address themes relevant to his philosophical outlook, including his relationship with his Islamicate surroundings and the impact of his work on subsequent Jewish and Christian writings, as well as his reception in twentieth-century scholarship. The essays also address the nature and aim of Maimonides' philosophical writing, including its connection with biblical exegesis, and the philosophical and theological arguments that are central to his work, such as revelation, ritual, divine providence, and teleology. Wide-ranging and fully up-to-date, the volume will be highly valuable for those interested in Jewish history and thought, medieval philosophy, and religious studies.
Consolation of Philosophy (Paperback, New Ed)
Boethius; Translated by Joel C. Relihan
Entirely faithful to Boethius' Latin; Relihan's translation makes the philosophy of the Consolation intelligible to readers; it gives equal weight to the poetry--in fact, Relihan's metrical translation of Boethius' metro are themselves contributions of the first moment to Boethian studies. Boethius finally has a translator equal to his prodigious talents and his manifold vision. --Joseph Pucci, Brown University
Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy Volume 7 (Hardcover)
Robert Pasnau
Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy showcases the best scholarly research in this flourishing field. The series covers all aspects of medieval philosophy, including the Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew traditions, and runs from the end of antiquity into the Renaissance. It publishes new work by leading scholars in the field, and combines historical scholarship with philosophical acuteness. The papers will address a wide range of topics, from political philosophy to ethics, and logic to metaphysics. OSMP is an essential resource for anyone working in the area.
Basic Issues in Medieval Philosophy - Selected Readings Presenting the Interactive Discourses Among the Major Figures (Paperback, 2)
Richard N. Bosley, Martin M Tweedale
In this important collection, the editors argue that medieval philosophy is best studied as an interactive discussion between thinkers working on very much the same problems despite being often widely separated in time or place. Each section opens with at least one selection from a classical philosopher, and there are many points at which the readings chosen refer to other works that the reader will also find in this collection. There is a considerable amount of material from central figures such as Augustine, Abelard, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham, as well as extensive texts from thinkers in the medieval Islamic world. Each selection is prefaced by a brief introduction by the editors, providing a philosophical and religious background to help make the material more accessible to the reader.This edition, updated throughout, contains a substantial new chapter on medieval psychology and philosophy of mind, with texts from authors not previously represented such as John Buridan and Peter John Olivi.
What It Means to Be Moral - Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life (Paperback)
Receptive Bodies (Paperback)
Leo Bersani
Leo Bersani, known for his provocative interrogations of psychoanalysis, sexuality, and the human body, centers his latest book on a surprisingly simple image: a newborn baby simultaneously crying out and drawing its first breath. These twin ideas--absorption and expulsion, the intake of physical and emotional nourishment and the exhalation of breath--form the backbone of Receptive Bodies, a thoughtful new essay collection. These titular bodies range from fetuses in utero to fully eroticized adults, all the way to celestial giants floating in space. Bersani illustrates his exploration of the body's capacities to receive and resist what is ostensibly alien using a typically eclectic set of sources, from literary icons like Marquis de Sade to cinematic provocateurs such as Bruno Dumont and Lars von Trier. This sharp and wide-ranging book will excite scholars of Freud, Foucault, and film studies, or anyone who has ever stopped to ponder the give and take of human corporeality.
Laconics of Cult (Hardcover)
Traces on the Rhodian Shore - Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century (Paperback, Revised)
Clarence J. Glacken
R1,062 R866 Discovery Miles 8 660 Save R196 (18%)
In the history of Western thought, men have persistently asked three questions concerning the habitable earth and their relationships to it. Is the earth, which is obviously a fit environment for man and other organic life, a purposefully made creation? Have its climates, its relief, the configuration of its continents influenced the moral and social nature of individuals, and have they had an influence in molding the character and nature of human culture? In his long tenure of the earth, in what manner has man changed it from its hypothetical pristine condition? From the time of the Greeks to our own, answers to these questions have been and are being given so frequently and so continually that we may restate them in the form of general ideas: the idea of a designed earth; the idea of environmental influence; and the idea of man as a geographic agent. These ideas have come from the general thought and experience of men, but the first owes much to mythology, theology, and philosophy; the second, to pharmaceutical lore, medicine, and weather observation; the third, to the plans, activities, and skills of everyday life such as cultivation, carpentry, and weaving. The first two ideas were expressed frequently in antiquity, the third less so, although it was implicit in many discussions which recognized the obvious fact that men through their arts, sciences, and techniques had changed the physical environment about them. This magnum opus of Clarence Glacken explores all of these questions from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century.
Duns Scotus, Metaphysician (Paperback)
William A. Frank, Allan B. Wolter
Long recognized as one of the greatest medieval philosophical theologians, John Duns Scotus made his most innovative theoretical contributions in the area of metaphysics. A careful and detailed study of his argument for the existence of God and the theory of knowledge that makes this possible provides the most direct access to his basic ideas. Unlike the Five Ways of Thomas Aquinas or Anselm's famous Proslogion argument, Scotus's proof is of another order of complexity and amounts to a little "summa" of his metaphysics. Among those theologians to accept Aristotle's scientific theory, Scotus is perhaps the first to realize fully its negative consequences if the philosophical doctrines of divine illumination and the analogical concept of being interact. His treatment of the God-question is distinguished for its deliberatively holistic approach to what was conventionally a series of unrelated topics.
The Praise of Folly (Paperback, 2nd Revised edition)
Desiderius Erasmus; Translated by Clarence H. Miller
First published in Paris in 1511, The Praise of Folly hasenjoyed enormous and highly controversial success from the author's lifetime down to our own day.It hasno rival, except perhaps Thomas More's Utopia, as the most intense and lively presentation of the literary, social, and theological aims and methods of Northern Humanism. Clarence H. Miller's highly praised translation of The Praise of Folly, based on the definitive Latin text, echoes Erasmus' own lively style while retaining the nuances of the original text. In his introduction, Miller places the work in the context of Erasmus as humanist and theologian. In a new afterword, William H. Gass playfully considers the meaning, or meanings, of folly and offers fresh insights into one of the great books of Western literature. Praise for the earlier edition: "An eminently reliable and fully annotated edition based on the Latin text."-Library Journal "Exciting and brilliant, this is likely to be the definitive translation of The Praise of Folly intoEnglish."-Richard J. Schoeck
Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy Volume 6 (Paperback)
The 'Roman de la Rose' and Thirteenth-Century Thought (Hardcover)
Jonathan Morton, Marco Nievergelt
The thirteenth-century allegorical dream vision, the Roman de la Rose, transformed how medieval literary texts engaged with philosophical ideas. Written in Old French, its influence dominated French, English and Italian literature for the next two centuries, serving in particular as a model for Chaucer and Dante. Jean de Meun's section of this extensive, complex and dazzling work is notable for its sophisticated responses to a whole host of contemporary philosophical debates. This collection brings together literary scholars and historians of philosophy to produce the most thorough, interdisciplinary study to date of how the Rose uses poetry to articulate philosophical problems and positions. This wide-ranging collection demonstrates the importance of the poem for medieval intellectual history and offers new insights into the philosophical potential both of the Rose specifically and of medieval poetry as a whole.
Writings on Church and Reform (Hardcover)
Nicholas of Cusa; Translated by Thomas M. Izbicki
Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464), widely considered the most important original philosopher of the Renaissance, was born in Kues on the Moselle River. A polymath who studied canon law and became a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, he wrote principally on speculative theology, philosophy, and church politics. As a political thinker he is best known for "De concordantia catholica," which presented a blueprint for peace in an age of ecclesiastical discord.
This volume makes most of Nicholas's other writings on Church and reform available in English for the first time, including legal tracts arguing the case of Pope Eugenius IV against the conciliarists, theological examinations of the nature of the Church, and writings on reform of the papacy and curia. Among the works translated are an early draft of "De concordantia catholica" and the "Letter to Rodrigo Sanchez de Arevalo," which discusses the Church in light of the Cusan idea of "learned ignorance."
The Treatise on the Divine Nature - Summa Theologiae I 1-13 (Hardcover)
Thomas Aquinas; Translated by Brian J. Shanley; Introduction by Robert Pasnau
This series offers central philosophical treatises of Aquinas in new, state-of-the-art translations distinguished by their accuracy and use of clear and nontechnical modern vocabulary. Annotation and commentary accessible to undergraduates make the series an ideal vehicle for the study of Aquinas by readers approaching him from a variety of backgrounds and interests.
Selected Philosophical Papers of Robert Boyle (Hardcover, New Ed)
Robert Boyle; Edited by M.A. Stewart
"The availability of a paperback version of Boyle's philosophical writings selected by M. A. Stewart will be a real service to teachers, students, and scholars with seventeenth-century interests. The editor has shown excellent judgment in bringing together many of the most important works and printing them, for the most part, in unabridged form. The texts have been edited responsibly with emphasis on readability. . . . Of special interest in connection with Locke and with the reception of Descarte's Corpuscularianism, to students of the Scientific Revolution and of the history of mechanical philosophy, and to those interested in the relations among science, philosophy, and religion. In fact, given the imperfections in and unavailability of the eighteenth-century editions of Boyle's works, this collection will benefit a wide variety of seventeenth-century scholars." --Gary Hatfield, University of Pennsylvania
The Intellectual World of the Italian Renaissance - Language, Philosophy, and the Search for Meaning (Paperback)
Christopher S. Celenza
In this book, Christopher Celenza provides an intellectual history of the Italian Renaissance during the long fifteenth century, from c.1350-1525. His book fills a bibliographic gap between Petrarch and Machiavelli and offers clear case studies of contemporary luminaries, including Leonardo Bruni, Poggio Bracciolini, Lorenzo Valla, Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano, and Pietro Bembo. Integrating sources in Italian and Latin, Celenza focuses on the linked issues of language and philosophy. He also examines the conditions in which Renaissance intellectuals operated in an era before the invention of printing, analyzing reading strategies and showing how texts were consulted, and how new ideas were generated as a result of conversations, both oral and epistolary. The result is a volume that offers a new view on both the history of philosophy and Italian Renaissance intellectual life. It will serve as a key resource for students and scholars of early modern Italian humanism and culture.
Giordano Bruno - Philosopher / Heretic (Paperback)
Ingrid D. Rowland
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) is one of the great figures of early modern Europe, and one of the least understood. Ingrid D. Rowland's biography establishes him once and for all as a peer of Erasmus, Shakespeare, and Galileo--a thinker whose vision of the world prefigures ours.
Writing with great verve and erudition, Rowland traces Bruno's wanderings through a sixteenth-century Europe where every certainty of religion and philosophy has been called into question, and reveals how he valiantly defended his ideas to the very end, when he was burned at the stake as a heretic on Rome's Campo de' Fiori.
"A loving and thoughtful account of Bruno's] life and thought, satires and sonnets, dialogues and lesson plans, vagabond days and star-spangled nights. . . . Ingrid D. Rowland has her reasons for preferring Bruno to Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, even Galileo and Leonardo, and they're good ones."--John Leonard, "Harper's
""Whatever else Bruno was, he was wild-minded and extreme, and Rowland communicates this, together with a sense of the excitement that his ideas gave him. . . . It's that feeling for the explosiveness of the period, and Rowland's] admiration of Bruno for participating in it--indeed, dying for it--that is the central and most cherishable quality of the biography."--Joan Acocella, "New Yorker
""Rowland tells this great story in moving, vivid prose, concentrating as much on Bruno's thought as on his life. . . . His restless mind, as she makes clear, not only explored but transformed the heavens."--Anthony Grafton, "New York Review of Books
"" Bruno] seems to have been an unclassifiable mixture of foul-mouthed Neapolitan mountebank, loquacious poet, religious reformer, scholastic philosopher, and slightly wacky astronomer."--Anthony Gottlieb, "New York Times Book Review
""A marvelous feat of scholarship. . . . This is intellectual biography at its best."--Peter N. Miller, "New Republic
""An excellent starting point for anyone who wants to rediscover the historical figure concealed beneath the cowl on Campo de' Fiori."--Paula Findlen, "Nation"
Neo-Aristotelianism and the Medieval Renaissance - On Aquinas, Ockham, and Eckhart (Paperback)
Reiner Schurmann, Ian Alexander Moore
In this lecture course, Reiner Schurmann develops the idea that, in between the spiritual Carolingian Renaissance and the secular humanist Renaissance, there was a distinctive medieval Renaissance connected with the rediscovery of Aristotle. Focusing on Thomas Aquinas's ontology and epistemology, William of Ockham's conceptualism, and Meister Eckhart's speculative mysticism, Schurmann shows how thought began to break free from religion and the hierarchies of the feudal, neo-Platonic order and devote its attention to otherness and singularity. A crucial supplement to Schurmann's magnum opus Broken Hegemonies, Neo-Aristotelianism and the Medieval Renaissance will be essential reading for anyone interested in the rise and fall of Western principles, and thus in how to think and act today.
Montaigne: A Very Short Introduction (Paperback)
William M. Hamlin
The French author Michel de Montaigne is widely regarded as the founder and greatest practitioner of the personal essay. A member of the minor aristocracy, he worked as a judicial investigator, served as mayor of Bordeaux, and sought to bring stability to his war-torn country during the latter half of the sixteenth century. He is best known today, however, as the author of the Essays, a vast collection of meditations on topics ranging from love and sexuality to freedom, learning, doubt, self-scrutiny, and peace of mind. One of the most original books ever to emerge from Europe, Montaigne's masterpiece has been continuously and powerfully influential among writers and philosophers from its first appearance down to the present day. His extraordinary curiosity and discernment, combined with his ability to mix thoughtful judgment with revealing anecdote, make him one of the most readable of all writers. In Montaigne: A Very Short Introduction, William M. Hamlin provides an overview of Montaigne's life, thought, and writing, situating the Essays within the arc of Montaigne's lived experience and focusing on themes of particular interest for contemporary readers. Designed for a broad audience, this introduction will appeal to first-time students of Montaigne as well as to seasoned experts and admirers. Well-informed and lucidly written, Hamlin's book offers an ideal point of entry into the life and work of the world's first and most extraordinary essayist.
Predestination, God's Foreknowledge, And Future Contingents - 2nd Edition (Hardcover, 2nd Revised edition)
William of Ockham; Translated by Marilyn McCord Adams, Norman Kretzmann
Includes an introduction by Marilyn McCord Adams along with Notes and Appendices.
Locke's Touchy Subjects - Materialism and Immortality (Hardcover)
Nicholas Jolley
In seventeenth-century philosophy the mind-body problem and the nature of personal immortality were two of the most controversial and sensitive issues. Nicholas Jolley seeks to show that these issues are more prominent in Locke's philosophy than has been realized. He argues further that Locke takes up unorthodox positions in both cases. Although Locke's official stance on the mind-body problem is agnostic, in places he presents arguments that, taken together, amount to a significant case for a weak form of materialism. Locke also seeks to show that the solution to the mind-body problem is irrelevant to the issue of personal immortality: for Locke, such immortality is conceptually possible even if the same body is not resurrected at the Day of Judgment. Jolley throws new light on such central topics in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding as substance and personal identity: he also pays close attention to such neglected topics as his account of the status of animals and his polemic against the thesis that the mind always thinks. Throughout, the book examines Locke's arguments against the background of Descartes' views. Jolley argues that Locke's criticisms of Descartes are no mere defences of common sense against dogmatism; rather, they are controversial responses to some of the most challenging metaphysical and theological issues of his time.
Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy, Volume 4 (Paperback)
Good Without God (Paperback)
Greg Epstein
An inspiring and provocative exploration of an alternative to traditional religion
Questions about the role of God and religion in today's world have never been more relevant or felt more powerfully. Many of us are searching for a place where we can find not only facts and scientific reason but also hope and moral courage. For some, answers are found in the divine. For others, including the New Atheists, religion is an "enemy."
But in Good Without God, Greg Epstein presents another, more balanced and inclusive response: Humanism. He highlights humanity's potential for goodness and the ways in which Humanists lead lives of purpose and compassion. Humanism can offer the sense of community we want and often need in good times and bad--and it teaches us that we can lead good and moral lives without the supernatural, without higher powers . . . without God.
Page: < Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Next >
Al-Kindi - An Annotated Bibliography
Nicholas Rescher Paperback R591 Discovery Miles 5 910
Erasmus and the Age of Reformation
Johan H. Huizinga Paperback R323 R268 Discovery Miles 2 680
The Secret of Secrets - The Scholarly…
Steven G. Williams Hardcover R2,332 Discovery Miles 23 320
French Philosophy, 1572-1675
Desmond M. Clarke Paperback R575 Discovery Miles 5 750
Ockham: Philosophical Writings - A…
William of Ockham Paperback R500 R443 Discovery Miles 4 430
Improvising Improvisation - From Out of…
Gary Peters Paperback R798 Discovery Miles 7 980
Francis Bacon: From Magic to Science
Paolo Rossi Hardcover R4,287 Discovery Miles 42 870
Machiavelli: Selected Political Writings
Niccolo Machiavelli Paperback R367 R333 Discovery Miles 3 330
The Dust of Death - The Sixties…
Os Guinness Paperback R500 R414 Discovery Miles 4 140
Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works
St. Anselm Paperback R297 R249 Discovery Miles 2 490

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The success cooperation between Sanda University and SHANGTEX Group in Fashion design education since its founding in Dec.2009, Fashion Institute of Design has Relied on SHANGTEX rich industrial resources organized in cooperation with Sanda University, has Included in the national college entrance college program. It began to recruit college and university students since 2011. Fashion Institute of Design has enrolled full-time undergraduate students from 2013.
Fashion Institute of Design cultivated outstanding designers,including a higher level of foreign language and a certain theory of art and design,and can adapt to the requirements of the global fashion industry with high quality applied talents.
Fashion Institute of Design has established clothing and apparel major,and the teaching staff combined full time and part-time teachers or lecturers. Meanwhile, the Institute has hired professional experts and designers with rich practical experience.
SHANGTEX provides the internships as well as the training base for the students, and many job opportunities priority given to the fashion design graduates. Through industry-university cooperation, it provide graduates with a broader development prospects.


Take your diffuser with you wherever you go in the form of a sleek handheld mister. Not much bigger than most cell phones, this handheld diffuser is convenient for your on-the-go diffusing needs.
Get instant moisture and essential-oil-infused air no matter where you are with this handheld diffuser. Gone is the poor design and functionality with the AAA batteries and replaced by this USB port, simple to charge and easy to use diffuser that will last up to 12 hours on a single charge. It is also lightweight and slim so it's easy to fit it in a pocket of your purse or briefcase and carry it with you wherever you go. Using ultrasonic and atomization technology, the handheld diffuser vibrates an amazing 300 million times per second, sending out an ultrafine, super-soft mist that moisturizes the air you breathe and can be used with essential oils for instant healing throughout the day.
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Anytime you need moisture or fresh, healing air throughout the day, slide the diffuser cover down and breathe in deeply.
Disclaimer: NEVER PUT ESSENTIAL OILS DIRECTLY INTO THE PERSONAL MISTER RESERVOIR. Pure essential oils will dissolve plastic unless properly diluted. Always use the provided applicator bottle: add distilled water first, then add desired drops of essential oil. Close and shake well. Then use the applicator bottle to fill the reservoir.


text:
... an Australian consulting firm specialising in the resources sector
Bruce Fulton
Stuart Glazebrook
Ophir Search
Ophir Industry Intelligence
Ophir Data
Ophir Investor Relations
Ophir Communications
Ophir Heritage Network
Bruce is Managing Director of Ophir Partners, focusing on senior executive and board appointments globally. With significant experience in resources and executive search, Bruce is also responsible for business development and in setting the strategic direction of the company.
Bruce has served on the boards of several ASX-listed and private resource companies. He is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, a member of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, the Society of Economic Geologists and the Australian Institute of Company Directors. He also sits on the Advisory Panel to the School of Mining Engineering at the University of New South Wales. Bruce has an MSc (Hons) in Earth Science from Waikato University and an MBA from Deakin University.
Email Bruce
View Bruce's LinkedIn Profile
ga('create', 'UA-47679727-1', 'ophirpartners.com'); ga('send', 'pageview');
© 2015 Ophir Partners. All rights reserved. | DISCLAIMER | PRIVACY


text:
Zane Cheeseman
HEAD COACH AND OWNER OF HOTSHOTZ
Level 5 Coach
Zane first picked up a tennis racket when he was just four-year-old and immediately fell in love with the sport. He has represented Kent, played in the British Nationals and achieved a junior world ranking playing the likes of Andy Murray along the way, and he still plays for the Kent tennis team. Zane strives to ensure his lessons are fresh, fun and challenging for all ages and abilities, so it is no surprise that he has won a number of prestigious awards including Sports Achiever of the Year in 2016. Zane is currently the under 14s County Boys Team Coach.
Jack Lusher
SENIOR COACH
Jack has been playing tennis since the age of six and in 2007 he decided to coach the sport he loved, which he now enjoys doing full-time as a senior coach with HOTSHOTZ. Jack enjoys working with both adults and children improving their game and growing the Kent tennis talent pool whilst continuing to play competitively. Jack has achieved his LTA Level 3 coaching qualification and has even inspired home-grown talent to become future tennis coaches.
If you are interested in private coaching or group coaching sessions please contact Zane on:
Email: zane@hotshotztennis.co.uk
© 2019 Copyright Maidstone Lawn Tennis Club


text:
Piers Bizony is a science journalist, space historian, author, and exhibition organiser. Bizony specialises in the topics of outer space, special effects, and technology. He has written articles for The Independent, BBC Focus and Wired. His 1997 book The Rivers of Mars was shortlisted for the Eugene M. Emme Astronautical Literature Award. His book 2001: Filming the Future (1994, revised 2000, expanded 2014) is an authoritative reference about Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey. His 2017 book Moonshots was inspired by Michael Light's 1999 book Full Moon.

Works
Selected books:

 (Reprinted 2001, Aurum Press.)
 (Reprinted 2001, 2002, Billboard Books.)

 (Reprinted 2006, Thunder's Mouth; 2007, Icon; 2009, Basic Books.)

 — Contains 5 items: 2001: Filming the Future (562-page expanded 3rd ed.), plus 2001: A Space Odyssey [Photos] (100 film stills, 208 p.), 2001: A Space Odyssey Script (facsimile of Kubrick's annotated copy of Clarke's prose treatment "Journey Beyond the Stars: A Film Story", 260 p.), 2001: A Space Odyssey Notes (facsimile of 158 production notes compiled by Victor Lyndon, 320 p.), and 201 Min. of a Space Idiocy (reprint from Mad magazine no. 125, 8 p.). 1500 copies.
 — Contains 1 item: 2001: Filming the Future (562-page expanded 3rd ed.).

References

External links

Living people
Science journalists
1959 births

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
PRESS RELEASE: SDCGO Calls for Resigning, Replacement of Del Mar Fairgrounds Board
San Diego County Gun Owners PAC Calls for Resigning, Replacement of Del Mar Fairgrounds Board
In the wake of the deaths of children and thoroughbred race horses at the Del Mar Fairgrounds, as well as violence at a rap artist's concert and a federal judge's injunction on the violation of San Diegans' First Amendment rights, the San Diego County Gun Owners (SDCGO), a political action committee promoting Second Amendment rights, is calling for the resignation and replacement of all members of the Del Mar Fairgrounds board of directors.
"The time is up for asking how the board will fix their many problems. Instead, it is time for a new board," said Michael Schwartz, SDCGO executive director. "San Diego County Gun Owners is calling on Gov. Gavin Newsom to replace every member of the Board of Directors of the 22nd District Agricultural Association for the safety and welfare of our community.
The nine-member fairgrounds board, officially known as the 22nd District Agricultural Association, is appointed by the state governor to oversee activities at the state-owned fairgrounds. The appointments do not require Senate confirmation and most members have personal ties to Sacramento politicians.
In recent months, the fairgrounds property has become the site of several, high-profile controversies that has included a decision last September to not allow guns at future Crossroads of the West gun shows. The vote by the fairgrounds board was held despite SDCGO's submission of 3,000 letters in support of continuing the popular gun shows. Later, it was revealed that fairgrounds board members held personal biases against gun ownership based on their past political contributions to anti-Second Amendment candidates and initiatives.
Then, in June of this year, a federal judge ruled the fairgrounds board would likely lose a lawsuit over their anti gun-show vote and issued a preliminary injunction that ordered dates be reserved for future gun shows to B&L Productions, Inc., operators of the popular Crossroads of the West Gun Show. The two-day gun show has been held at the publicly-owned fairgrounds five times a year for the past 30 years.
"Crossroads had 150 gun show events over 30 years with an impeccable safety and legal record," said Schwartz. "However, for political reasons, the gun shows were banned by the fairgrounds board. We were pleased when a judge slapped an injunction on the board due to their First Amendment violations. The board's political activism in place of their fiduciary responsibilities has led to their incompetence and it has turned dangerous and deadly for fairgrounds visitors."
Other controversies have included more than two dozen horse deaths during the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club racing season, as well as the recent death of a two-year-old boy who was diagnosed with the E. coli toxin after contact with animals at the San Diego County Fair. In addition, at an Ice Cube concert in September 2018, a man fired a gun into a crowd after being told at a fairgrounds ticket booth the concert was sold out.
"There's no way the governor can allow this situation to continue at the fairgrounds," said Schwartz. "We believe the first action of a newly appointed board should be to re-visit the contract of Tim Fennell. All of this happened and continues to happen on his watch."
Fennell, CEO and general manager, has worked at the 22nd District Agricultural Association since 1993. State records show he is one of the highest paid fair executives in the state with a total annual compensation package nearing $200,000.
"The Agricultural Board's inability to keep people safe has resulted in the voters of San Diego losing faith in their ability to do the job they were appointed to do. It is time for all board members to resign immediately. It is impossible for anyone to have confidence in their ability. Their conduct is unacceptable. It's time for all of them to go, for the good of the community," said Schwartz.
Schwartz said he has the support of many elected officials throughout San Diego County and is expecting mounting calls for the board's resignation.
"I have already spoken to a number of elected officials about what's going on with the ineptitude of the fairgrounds board and I look forward to a broad coalition weighing in on the necessary changes that need to happen," he said.
Founded in 2015, the San Diego County Gun Owners is a registered political action committee (FPPC ID #1379388) and advocacy organization focused on organizing the gun industry and community and protecting the U.S. Constitution's Second Amendment right to bear arms. With a membership exceeding 1,300 individuals, the PAC provides news and information on new gun laws and Second Amendment advocacy. Its sponsored events include gun safety classes, small gun shows, sporting clay shoots, social gatherings and pistol, rifle and shotgun experiences taught by professional instructors. For more information, visit www.sandiegocountygunowners.com.


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Yoko Ono, Sean Lennon, & More Set for Miller Theatre's Benefit for Japan 3/27
by Kelsey Denette
BroadwayWorld.com Mar. 16, 2011
More than a dozen innovative artists at the intersection of indie rock, contemporary jazz, and avant-garde performance will come together at Miller Theatre to present a benefit concert to support recovery efforts in Japan. "The tragedy and devastation is really overwhelming," says John Zorn, who has organized and will host the evening. "I've always felt a strong personal connection to Japan, and I'm just glad to be able to do my part to help. It should be an amazing night."
The lineup includes feature performances by musician and artist Yoko Ono, and her son Sean Lennon; Japanese-American indie duo Cibo Matto; and the influential band Sonic Youth. Vocalist Mike Patton will appear as a special guest, and Mephista, Marc Ribot, Uri Caine, and John Zorn's Aleph Trio will also play short sets.
Both the performers and the theater are donating their services, ensuring that 100% of proceeds from ticket sales will go to benefit the victims of the earthquake and tsunami that hit near Sendai on March 11. Funds will be donated to the Japan Society's Earthquake Relief Fund.
ARTISTS: Sonic Youth
Cibo Matto (Yuka Honda & Miho Hatori)
Mike Patton, vocals
Mephista (Susie Ibarra, drums; Sylvie Courvoisier, piano; Ikue Mori, electronics)
Marc Ribot, guitar
Uri Caine, piano
Aleph Trio (John Zorn, saxophone; Trevor Dunn, bass; Kenny Wollesen, drums)
Columbia University's Miller Theatre is located north of the Main Campus Gate
at 116th St. & Broadway on the ground floor of Dodge Hall.
For tickets, the public should call the Miller Theatre Box Office at 212/854-7799, M-F, 12-6PM.
Tickets can also be purchased online at http://www.millertheatre.com/.
VIDEO: Gad, O'Malley, Burgess & Raver-Lampman Sing New CENTRAL PARK Song
VIDEO: Miranda & Leguizamo Talk Viral ENCANTO Hit on GMA
Photos: First Look at LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT
VIDEO: Dame Judi Dench Talks BELFAST, TikTok, and More
Buy at the Theatre Shop
T-Shirts, Mugs, Phone Cases & More
Summer Last Dance Hoodie
Girl from the North Country Whiskey Glass Set
Dear Evan Hansen Unisex Blue Logo Tee
More Hot Stories For You
Full Cast and Dates Announced for Broadway's A STRANGE LOOP; Tickets Now On Sale
La Jolla Playhouse Announces Cast of BHANGIN' IT: A BANGIN' NEW MUSICAL


text:
package com.seventeenkouer.facade;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Created by wind on 17/4/5.
 */
public class SelectCourseFaceImplTest extends TestCase {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home World North America Police in Boston used social media to spy on black and Muslim...
Police in Boston used social media to spy on black and Muslim protesters
Black activists in Boston protesting after Ferguson shooting. [Photo by Jun Tsuboike]
The Boston Police Department used a social media surveillance program to spy on black and Muslim protesters, according to a report released by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
Last Wednesday's findings stated that the police gathered thousands of posts about religious, political and social issues, as well as personal matters "irrelevant to law enforcement concerns".
The data mining program, called "Geofeedia" was run by the Boston Regional Intelligence Center between 2014 and 2016.
The ACLU of Massachusetts said: "This system explicitly targeted users' First Amendment protected speech and association. It treated ordinary citizens discussing ordinary affairs as justifiable targets of surveillance."
In the ACLU report, co-authors Kade Crockford and Nasser Eledroos said they exposed the department's alleged discrimination in documents obtained through a public records request.
The authors wrote: "There is no indication that the wide net BPD cast over social media using Geofeedia was ever instrumental in pre-empting terrorism or other violence, solving serious crimes, or providing the residents of Boston with any other public safety benefit.
"This is unsurprising, given that many of the search terms fed into — or, frequently, provided by — Geofeedia were terms associated with political activism, like '#blacklivesmatter' and 'protest.'"
Other words that Boston police allegedly focussed on were "ISIS", "Ferguson", "#Dontshoot" and "#MuslimLivesMatter".
The report added: "More broadly, BPD used Geofeedia to track numerous Arabic terms for no apparent reason other than their frequent use in the Muslim community.
"Among the categories of keywords BPD tracked using Geofeedia was 'Islamic Extremist Terminology,' which included not only references to ISIS and similar terrorist organisations but also innocuous Arabic words routinely used to discuss religion or community, including 'Ummah' (which means 'community' in Arabic) and 'al Sham' (which roughly translates to Greater Syria)."
The Boston Police Department used the system in between 2014 and 2016 before finally scrapping it that year after receiving backlash from Facebook and Twitter.
The social media giants banned Boston police from using their data in December 2016, and that is when it caught the ACLU's attention and prompted them to make the records request.
Police officials told the Associated Press that the civil rights organisation was ultimately "misinformed" — and that their report did not present an accurate reality of what the department was doing with the data mining system.
Detective Lt. Michael McCarthy said: "Our main focus in all of this is public safety, not targeting speech, not targeting people's political affiliations.
"And quite frankly, to have the ACLU to even make that insinuation is not only insulting, but it's completely misinformed.
"If we weren't diligent in our efforts to provide safe events for those participating and attending then we wouldn't be doing our job as police officers."
black muslims
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Thomas Schmidt (* 19. September 1965) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Werdegang
Schmidt begann mit dem Fußballspielen beim TSV Holzheim aus Holzheim bei Neu-Ulm. 1980 wechselte er auf die andere Seite der Donau und schloss sich der Jugendmannschaft des seinerzeitigen Zweitligisten SSV Ulm 1846. Anfang 1985 rückte er in den Profikader auf, anlässlich des 3:3-Unentschiedens gegen Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin debütierte er am 2. Februar des Jahres in der 2. Bundesliga und krönte seinen ersten Einsatz mit dem Treffer zum 3:0-Halbzeitstand. Am Ende der Saison 1984/85 stieg er mit der Mannschaft um Dieter Kohnle, Marcus Sorg, Erich Steer, Peter Assion und Günter Berti ab. Im anschließenden Oberligajahr schaffte der Defensivspieler mit seinen Mitspielern den sofortigen Wiederaufstieg und spielte zwei weitere Jahre mit Ulm in der 2. Bundesliga. Trotz eines Trainerwechsels von Aufstiegstrainer Werner Nickel zu Klaus Toppmöller im April 1988 stand am Ende der Spielzeit 1987/88 der erneute Abstieg, daraufhin verließ er den Klub.

Schmidt wechselte zum Ligarivalen Eintracht Braunschweig. Nach drei weiteren Jahren in Liga 2, wechselte er zum SC Freiburg. Mit Freiburg schaffte er den Aufstieg in die Bundesliga. Hier spielte er ein Jahr für Freiburg und zwei Jahre für den TSV 1860 München.

Weblinks

  auf Playerhistory

Fußballspieler (SSV Ulm 1846)
Fußballspieler (Eintracht Braunschweig)
Fußballspieler (SC Freiburg)
Fußballspieler (TSV 1860 München)
Deutscher
Geboren 1965
Mann


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Lawmakers look for online music licensing alternat...
Lawmakers look for online music licensing alternatives
Songwriters, music licensing services call for changes that would allow more negotiations
Grant Gross (IDG News Service) on 11 March, 2015 06:26
Large music licensing services should have more freedom to negotiate rates paid by streaming music services, radio stations and commercial establishments where music is played, industry executives told U.S. lawmakers.
The U.S. Department of Justice should loosen its hold on the two largest music licensing services, Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI) and the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) after the two services have lived under antitrust consent decrees for 74 years, representatives of the two companies said Tuesday. The two services want the ability to use an arbitration process to negotiate licensing rates, among other changes.
Beyond giving ASCAP and BMI more room to negotiate licensing rates, Congress should change a licensing model that pays songwriters a fraction of what performers of music receive from streaming radio and other online services, Lee Thomas Miller, a BMI member and president of the Nashville Songwriters Association International, told members of the Senate Judiciary Committee's antitrust subcommittee.
A songwriter would be able to make a living if his song was played 1 million times on the radio, Miller said. The music business needs to get away from U.S. government regulations that make a songwriter's contribution worth "micropennies in the digital space," he said. "We're in a situation now where millions of spins in the digital space equals tens of dollars."
But streaming music online is a business model that reaches one listener at a time, countered Chris Harrison, vice president of business affairs at Pandora Media, the online music service. One million plays of a song on Pandora reaches 1 million listeners, while 1 million radio plays reaches hundreds of millions, he said, and there should be separate licensing rates.
Driving objections from some songwriters is a confusing U.S. music licensing system that operates on dual tracks. Outside of the Internet, BMI and ASCAP operate under DOJ consent decrees and are required to license their music to businesses wishing to use it, including traditional radio stations, TV networks, bars and restaurants.
Under the DOJ decrees, now under review at the agency, songwriters and publishers get a cut of the licensing revenue, with rates depending on a number of factors.
On the Internet, however, rates are not governed by the DOJ decrees, but instead are set by the U.S. Copyright Royalty Board, established by Congress. The online music licensing system pays performers significantly more, approximately $12 for every $1 paid to songwriters and publishers, with the difference partly driven by demands from record labels.
The royalties paid by music streaming services have prompted many musicians to complain in recent years. Late last year, in the most high-profile protest of streaming rates, country pop star Taylor Swift pulled her music from Spotify.
Hearing participants gave examples of the separate rates for songwriters and performers in streaming music. For the country hit "Southern Girl" by Tim McGraw, Pandora paid about $7,000 to a group of songwriters and publishers, including Miller, in 2014, Harrison said. By contrast, Pandora paid nearly $90,000 to McGraw and his record label.
That disparity is driving calls for change in music licensing, Harrison acknowledged. "At the end of the day, if Pandora is paying 50 percent of its revenue to the record labels, and the solution is to pay 50 percent of the revenue to the publishers [and songwriters], I can't make that up on volume," he said.
Just last week, a group of lawmakers introduced the Songwriter Equity Act, which would require the Copyright Royalty Board to consider new factors when setting licensing rates for streaming music, music downloads and sales on CDs.
The bill, championed by Senator Orrin Hatch, a Utah Republican who dabbles in songwriting, would require the board to determine a fair market value for digital music and consider factors such as the performing artist's level of compensation when setting the songwriter royalty rate.
While representatives of ASCAP, BMI and SONGS Music Publishing called for changes to the antitrust decrees and online royalties, some other witnesses at the Senate hearing urged Congress and the DOJ to be cautious.
Any moves toward more negotiated licensing deals could mean major compliance headaches for bars, restaurants and retail stores that play music in the background and for TV stations that have music playing in programming they don't directly control, including commercials, syndicated programming and live sports events, said Mike Dowdle, general counsel at TV station owner Bonneville International.
The consent decrees also help ensure that consumers have access to music, added Jodie Griffin, a senior staff attorney at digital rights group Public Knowledge. The decrees "allow new digital music platforms to launch and legally perform songs without becoming beholden to ASCAP or BMI," she said.
Grant Gross covers technology and telecom policy in the U.S. government for The IDG News Service. Follow Grant on Twitter at GrantGross. Grant's email address is grant_gross@idg.com.
Tags governmentregulationinternetlegislationU.S. Department of JusticeInternet-based applications and servicesPublic KnowledgeMusic and audioU.S. SenateOrrin HatchTaylor SwiftJodie GriffinAmerican Society of ComposersAuthors and PublishersPandora MediaSONGS Music PublishingBroadcast Music Inc.Tim McGrawU.S. Copyright Royalty BoardLee Thomas MillerChris HarrisonMike Dowdleonneville International


Weymouth's salt shed was full Friday afternoon and crews had checked the town's 30 pieces of plowing, sanding and salting equipment. The town's public works employees and 98 private contractors were on alert and ready to get to work when needed.
All there was left to do was wait.
The National Weather Service expects a winter storm to move in on Saturday evening and remain through Sunday evening, bringing heavy snow, sleet and freezing rain. At least 6 inches or more of snow could fall on parts of the South Shore before Arctic cold moves in on Sunday and Monday, creating dangerously icy conditions.
Students will be off from school on Monday for Martin Luther King Jr. Day, which Connell said will give crews more time to clear about 1,000 roads throughout the town, in addition to the municipal lots at the schools, fire and police stations and town hall.
"It will give us more ability and time to get cleaned up before having to make any decisions about school," he said.
Chris Walker, chief of staff for Quincy Mayor Thomas Koch, said snow emergency parking rules will go into effect at 7 p.m. Saturday. Parking will be allowed on the even side of non-snow emergency streets.
"We encourage people who park on street but have space in their driveway to park there to give plows as much room as we possibly can," he said.
Walker said 160 pieces of plowing and sanding equipment were ready to go as of Friday afternoon. Residents who have issues can call the city's 24-hour snow hotline at 617-376-1927.
The National Weather Service also said a coastal flood watch remains in effect through Sunday morning for eastern Plymouth and Norfolk counties. Minor to moderate coastal flooding could occur, and some minor beach erosion is also possible.
Marshfield Harbormaster Mike DiMeo said he doesn't expect coastal flooding to be as bad as during past some storms, but the first snowfall of the season can catch people off guard.
DiMeo said ice could pose the largest challenge if precipitation changes to rain and temperatures drop.
DiMeo said that can be dangerous for fishermen who check on their boats, as well as his staff in the harbormasters' office.
Walker said Quincy isn't expecting "anything in the realm" of what the city experienced for flooding during the storm last March, but officials will closely monitor the 10 a.m. high tide Sunday.
In a storm advisory Friday, the town of Scituate said an astronomical high tide of more than 11 feet will occur at 10 a.m. Sunday and coincide with northeast winds gusting up to 50 mph.
"We should expect minor coastal flooding with the potential for pockets of moderate flooding in our lowest-lying areas," the advisory reads. "Be aware if you are traveling or parking in these areas from 8 a.m. to noon."
Scituate officials recommend that residents try to clear any snow on Sunday afternoon before the flash freeze occurs.
Keolis, the operator of the MBTA commuter rail service, is also taking steps to prepare for the storm.
Justin Thompson, public relations manager for Keolis Commuter Services, said more than 350 workers will be out shoveling, sanding and salting passenger areas, and respond to incidents that occur during the storm, such as downed trees.


I really like the tea pot. Is it cast iron?
I'm glad you like the tea pot, I found it in a now defunct little cafe, knew it was ours the minute I saw it, although no, it isn't cast iron, which I imagine it probably should be though to be authentic, just a very hard porcelain.