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Donald Glover, Chevy Chase, And The Life And Death Of "Community"
Posted on February 27, 2018 January 17, 2020 by admin
"Community" co-stars Donald Glover and Chevy Chase
The NBC sitcom Community, which ran from 2009-2015 (its last season actually running on Yahoo Screen) was once one of my most beloved TV series. Blissfully unaware of my later revelation that "fandom ruins everything," I had an intense fandom for this show.
But reading Atlanta creator/star and current Lando Calrissian Donald Glover discuss his experiences on Community, I am reminded once again what a clusterfuck that series was & why it was ultimately doomed.
Chevy as a pot leaf.
In particular, Glover recounts to The New Yorker racist comments co-star Chevy Chase allegedly hounded him with:
Chevy Chase, one of Glover's co-stars, often tried to disrupt his scenes and made racial cracks between takes. ("People think you're funnier because you're black.") Harmon said, "Chevy was the first to realize how immensely gifted Donald was, and the way he expressed his jealousy was to try to throw Donald off. I remember apologizing to Donald after a particularly rough night of Chevy's non-P.C. verbiage, and Donald said, 'I don't even worry about it.' " Glover told me, "I just saw Chevy as fighting time—a true artist has to be O.K. with his reign being over. I can't help him if he's thrashing in the water.
According to Glover, Chase essentially provided an unhealthy working environment on the set. But instead of establishing hard and fast ground rules to stop/prevent this situation, the producers of Community literally wrote Chase's own alleged racism into the plots of the show; reveling in the glorious metatextuality of it all. Instead of providing a respectful set and preventing a young actor from having to deal with this shit, Community kept it all in, worked it into the show, and received the applause for being "innovative" and clever.
It's all also a reminder of the larger toxic environment the Community set must have been, with the titanic egos of Chase and series creator Dan Harmon running rampant.
For all the good that Community stood for—diversity, empathy, understanding, creativity—it also championed the idea of The Brilliant Asshole. Chase had a long-time rep as a "brilliant asshole"—highly talented, but also allegedly somewhat of a dick—all the way from his Saturday Night Live years in the 1970s. Harmon also had a reputation of being a brilliant showrunner but also difficult to work with.
The figure of the Brilliant Asshole has its analogue on Community with the handsome and roguish Jeff Winger. In fact, Winger is the hero and central character of the show; the series a tribute to the Brilliant Asshole. The Brilliant Asshole (often white and male) gets the sorts of second and third and fourth chances mere mortals don't.
Jeff Winger: "Brilliant Asshole"
For example, Brilliant Assholes can come off as assholes in interviews and it's all OK—it only shows off their inherent genius. Whereas a Donald Glover, who bared all in no uncertain terms in his New Yorker interview, received some criticism for coming off as "difficult" and "weird." What was the difference between Glover and the Brilliant Asshole? What made Glover "difficult" and the Brilliant Asshole "brilliant?" Chase apparently "explained" that to him years ago.
Harmon was booted from Community at the end of season 3; especially towards the end of that season, one certainly gets the impression through the plotlines that he could see this coming. Many of the episodes focused on the corrupt and incompetent school administration trying to take over/shut down Greendale Community College; a thinly disguised analogue for Harmon's increasing friction with his bosses.
From the Harmon-less season 4 of "Community"
Season 4 was Chase's last. Glover filmed a few episodes of season 5 but left to pursue other career options. Harmon had returned by season 5…but by that time, the magic felt "lost"—at least to me.
Season 6 of Community ran exclusively on Yahoo. It had become such a shell of what it once was that I couldn't even watch the old seasons I liked anymore.
I didn't need to read about the behind-the-scenes strife to make the assessment that what made Community special—that energy—had passed. I could feel it in those last two seasons. A certain disillusionment had set in.
And yet, while the quality of the show seemed to decrease…the "fandom" element only increased. The show had become completely "commodified" in a fan sense…it was intensely self-aware of its own status as a fan phenomenon.
As the fandom element accelerated…that original organic "lightning in a bottle" energy of the series declined. Soon, the show sort of just became the fandom conception of it—the tropes, the callbacks, the quotes, the shticks.
Dan Harmon with the remaining "Community" cast for season 6—now off of NBC entirely and streaming on Yahoo.
By that point, Harmon's attention started turning to his next project: an animated show called Rick and Morty. As Community died, Rick and Morty was born.
And, as with Community, Rick and Morty—a highly inventive and intelligent critically-acclaimed show—started to slowly acknowledge its fandom. Rick and Morty began to become self-aware of its own fandom, and, even more crucially—its ability to proactively create elements of the show they knew they could "market" to the fans (and I wrote about this concerning the "Pickle Rick" episode).
A "Community" reference on "Rick and Morty"
Perhaps this is just the "circle of life" in Hollywood. A decline in a beloved show seems inevitable. Perhaps it was just more noticeable with Community because it burned a little brighter and more intensely—it felt like it had so much more potential.
From "death" comes life. Community died, freeing up more time for Rick and Morty to be developed. Glover jumped ship on Community early—and has enjoyed a prosperous career in further TV exploits, movies, and music.
And Chase…got involved in some type of a road rage incident recently and allegedly was kicked to the ground after fighting with a driver who he thought had scratched his car. Which was *so* Chevy Chase.
Full circle: Joel McHale ("Jeff Winger") as Chevy Chase.
In a bit of ironic casting, former Community co-star Joel McHale recently appeared as a young Chase in the Netflix movie A Futile And Stupid Gesture. Such self-aware "stunt casting" integrated, in a deep subconscious sense, the mythos of Community into what was on the surface just a bio of National Lampoon; it created a matrix of self-referentiality. It is 5D- or 6D- or 30D-level fandom logic squared.
Community is dead; it can also—having become self-aware, having integrated itself into the giant pop-cultural geek matrix in which the Brilliant Asshole still holds on to its social currency with its cold, almost dead hands—never die.
Posted in Comedies, Essays, Opinions, TelevisionTagged Chevy Chase, Community, Donald Glover
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5 And rais'd it as she flow'd.
10 And stretch'd along the main.
15 In homage to their queen.
20 And hastens to devour.
25 O'ertakes us in a storm.
30 And menace ev'ry mast.
35 And ratify'd the wreck.
40 And spreads disease and death.
45 The danger of her crew.
47 On liquid precipices hung?
50 And silenc'd ev'ry tongue.
60 Of hope, but all despair.
65 And strive to shun the strand.
70 Our troubles, and the storm.
Title (in Source Edition): ODE on a STORM.


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Jerusalem Synagogue
Jubilee Synagogue, also known as the Jerusalem Synagogue for its location on Jerusalem Street, is a synagogue in Prague, Czech Republic
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Home / News / India / The loneliness of the delivery man
The loneliness of the delivery man
Bechal Kumar Singh, 23, delivers a cake to an office complex in Gurugram's sector 21 on a Sunday afternoon. Singh, who hails from Darbhanga, Bihar, joined online food delivery company Swiggy a year-and-a half. (Photo: Pradeep Gaur/Mint)
9 min read . Updated: 18 Sep 2019, 10:24 PM IST Suneera Tandon, Varsha Bansal
Ferrying a Swiggy or Zomato delivery may earn just ₹30-50 per order. Is it fair?
New Delhi/Bengaluru: The narrow lanes of HSR Layout in south-eastern Bengaluru have, for some years, held up a sign to the rest of the country on what's going to be the next big thing in the startup realm. A few streets to the west, Flipkart and Swiggy started life— in Koramangala. That is why what happens on this tiny patch of land in the suburb of India's silicon city can sometimes have far-reaching implications.
On Monday, the zone became a protest ground, with roughly 1,000 Zomato delivery executives turning up to protest outside the food delivery startup's regional office. The immediate trigger was a drop in the basic pay per delivery: from ₹40 to ₹30. Incentives (which kick in after a certain number of orders per day) have also been lowered, effective from Monday. Protests also broke out in Mumbai. Orders coming in via Zomato dropped promptly, by as much as 80%, said the owner of a prominent Bengaluru-based partner restaurant, which has outlets in Indiranagar and Koramangala.
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This week's saga of #logout orchestrated by delivery persons is another version of the tiff that played out between the National Restaurant Association of India and food delivery apps a few weeks ago. While that was about who foots the bill for the deep discounts, this week's protests are about who foots the bill for the near-free home deliveries. Essentially, at its heart, they are both about one thing: cash burn.
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The era of growth-at-all-costs may be coming to an end for several Indian startups, and it is going to leave a lot of players unhappy. "Zomato has cut down on discounts, which has led to a drop in orders," said a delivery partner who has been working with Zomato in Bengaluru for almost a year.
A delivery executive waits at Swiggy's office in Gurugram on a Sunday
This day was a long time coming, said one investor, adding that what's underway is merely "market correction". "Delivery partners were initially on-boarded at much higher salaries and now it's being corrected," said the investor, requesting anonymity.
The monthly income of a Swiggy or Zomato delivery partner has plummeted to between ₹20,000-25,000 from ₹40,000-60,000 in a span of just one year. And it may fall even further. The question is an eternal one: what is fair? Ferrying food to someone five-six kilometres (km) for ₹30-40... is it fair? That question is not likely to go away any time soon. Currently, a group of delivery partners in Bengaluru is seeking legal advice from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other institutions.
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In many ways, the food delivery business in India is at an inflection point. The protests are gaining momentum because a slew of firms have quickly transformed from startups to behemoths. As the market for online food delivery has expanded—today 80 million orders of chai, biryani, and cakes are ferried monthly—companies have inevitably added delivery partners by the thousands, crowding out the earning potential of these foot soldiers and resulting in an increase in wage-related demands.
Swiggy's delivery executive Bechal Kumar Singh, at the company's office in Gurugram
Most delivery partners Mint spoke to clock in long hours at work, shuttling through narrow lanes, braving extreme weather, zip across highways, service large apartment complexes where they are forced to take separate elevators, and deliver even late into the night, sometimes facing rogue customers, just to make an extra buck.
On a Saturday morning, Delhi's usually busy central business district Connaught Place (CP) wears a deserted look. Sweepers are cleaning pavements and morning walkers are returning home. But there's another group of people—delivery boys from food aggregators such as Swiggy and Zomato—who begin to gather at CP's outer circle that houses a number of restaurants.
It was 8.50am. Kabir, 37, had just returned after delivering an order off Minto Road. Even before he could park his two-wheeler, a second order flashed on his mobile screen—a single serving of samosa mattar chaat was to be delivered to Vikram Nagar, some 4.5km away. By 9.02am, Kabir was at Chaayos to pick up the order.
"I took up this job because I couldn't find work for almost a year," Kabir said. He joined Swiggy earlier this year and delivers 17-20 orders daily, starting at 7am and logging out at 10pm. In a busy month, he can earn upwards of ₹25,000. "The target is to clock ₹1,000 daily so that I can get an incentive, over and above the payment," he said, before driving off on his Honda Activa—bought on an equated monthly instalment (EMI) of ₹5,700—to drop off his order. He is one of the several riders that Mint tracked in and around Delhi and Gurugram.
Zomato delivery executives wait for orders at Gurugram's sector 29 on a Sunday afternoon
For every order, delivery partners make ₹30-70, based on the distance covered, ratings, waiting time at the restaurant, weather conditions, etc., besides incentives above the basic payment.
The country's top food aggregators currently employ close to half-a-million delivery partners. Low entry barriers mean that those looking to make roughly ₹20,000 per month take up the job in the absence of other opportunities. Most delivery partners are contract workers, who essentially use the technology platforms to log in, and are not employed directly by the companies. In the months of June and July, Zomato on-boarded an average of 40,000 partners (each month) as it expanded operations in more cities, the company told Mint. Bengaluru-based Swiggy has over 200,000 active delivery partners, who are not directly employed by the food aggregator.
"Essentially, these are new forms of informal work arrangements. So, they don't get covered in the ambit of any labour regulation or social security, because the relationship is (merely) task-based," said Radhicka Kapoor, a fellow at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, who is currently piecing together the strands of the gig economy ecosystem.
In India, much like in other global markets, such workers are not classified as regular salaried workers but as "independent contractors". As a result, benefits such as social security or a minimum wage evade them because "they don't get covered in the standard employer-employee relationship", Kapoor added.
A Zomato delivery executive takes cover during a spell of rain near Gurugram's Galleria market
The upside: freedom to choose work hours. The downside: limited say on wages or terms of work. The gathering rebellion in different parts of the country reflects a general unrest among this class of new-age workers—part of India's sprawling gig economy—who are now starting to constitute a fairly significant chunk of the country's informal workforce.
And things could be changing. Last week, California's legislature passed a watershed bill requiring companies like Uber and Lyft to start treating their contract workers as employees. Closer home, in Left-ruled Kerala, some food delivery persons have even demanded provident fund accounts. While India may head that way, it may take many years, say experts. "The entire (domain of) labour law and social security in the US is far more stringent and formalized over the last few decades, while in India, it is evolving," said EY's Ankur Pahwa, national leader, e-commerce and consumer internet.
Today, India's food delivery business is estimated to be well over ₹12,000 crore, dominated by companies such as Swiggy, Zomato, and UberEats.
Sudeep Sen, head of industrial, manufacturing and engineering vertical, at human resources firm TeamLease Services, explained that unemployed youth are drawn to such gigs because of the money they can make and the low entry barriers. For instance, 95% of Swiggy's delivery partners only have a high school education. On average, delivery partners work between 8-12 months.
Zomato says that their incentive structure is based on working hours, which are flexible. "Our platform for delivery partners is enabled for complete flexibility and partners can choose to log in and log off at any time," said Mohit Sardana, chief operating officer, food delivery, Zomato.
Delivery executives prepare to leave for their duties outside the company's office
Both Zomato and Siwggy also claim to offer employee benefits like accident, medical and life insurance, but very few of the delivery partners Mint spoke to had heard of it. Last month, Zomato rider Prabin Kumar's two-wheeler went missing while picking up a lunch order in Gurugram's Sector-29. He had no idea if the company would help since he was after all "on the job".
"I had to buy a new one from my own money to keep the deliveries going," said Kumar, who hails from Uttar Pradesh, adding that he was still paying EMIs of ₹2,756 each for his stolen bike. Kumar's doubts are typical, in a workforce that, on most days, does not know if it has any rights or social protections at all.
There are other very peculiar, typically Indian problems too. In Gurugram, many delivery persons have endless stories of being harassed by rogue customers who place orders (cash-on-delivery), snatch the food, and then rough them up at remote locations, especially late at night."They should reduce deliveries at night, especially cash deliveries," said Sandeep Kumar, 21, while waiting to pick up an order from Om Sweets in Sector-14. Kumar previously worked at a call centre in Gurugram. Both Swiggy and Zomato accept late-night orders, which may stretch till 3am. Swiggy even has plans to serve consumers up to 6am.
Back in Swiggy's office in Gurugram, where delivery partners are on-boarded, a branch manager admitted that instances of late-night food robberies occur, and they have to often call in police. The company also has a security helpline for delivery partners, which is activated in case of dubious orders, a company spokesperson said.
The way ahead
It is not just a litany of complaints though. "This job gives us azadi (freedom and flexibility)," said Sandeep Singh, when asked why he moved to Delhi from Hardoi in Uttar Pradesh to start delivering food. But Singh who shuttles between his village and Gurugram every month is worried that as the number of delivery partners, especially in Gurugram, has gone up, the compensation has gone down steeply.
There is very little interest in a union though. "We don't know where we will be next, and we don't really know who we are working for since we are always on the move," Sandeep Kumar said.
While the discord between food aggregators and delivery partners may only get worse as the cash burn strategy peters out, at least one temporary solution may come from technology, which set off the app-based delivery business boom in the first place. There are attempts to dynamically direct delivery partners to areas where order density is high.
Swiggy has rolled out a revamped partner app to increase operational efficiencies and earnings. The app includes a "heatmap" feature that directs partners to locations with a high density of orders, enabling them to earn more, a Swiggy spokesperson said. Zomato's Sardana said the food aggregator is working on its own solution to aid more deliveries per person. With the increased efficiency of the system, the reduction in the average delivery time (less than 30 minutes) has enabled them to deliver more orders in the same amount of time, he added.
Meanwhile, men like 23-year-old Bechal Kumar Singh, a native of Darbhanga in Bihar who joined Swiggy a year-and-a-half ago, continue to hold on to the job despite the long hours—over 15 hours a day to deliver 15-20 orders. His monthly income touches ₹20,000, up from the ₹12,000 he had made previously as a private driver. "I make enough to send some money home," he said. But if wages continue to go down, delivery persons like him may have to take some hard decisions.
Long Story


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Another morning of job hunting lies ahead of you. You pour a cup of coffee and open the paper to the employment section. With a mixture of anticipation and desperation you pick up a stub of pencil and prepare to target and identify some possible job opportunities. There are less ads to circle this morning and despite the promising words and vague descriptions you have begun to believe that none of these potential employers will seriously consider you. Perhaps they have family or friends or maybe you'll hear once again "I'm afraid you're overqualified for this position". After making a few phone calls you try to get into a positive frame of mind.
You head out the door, a folder of resumes in one hand and a list of addresses at the next. You will drop off a few resumes and have plans for an interview this afternoon. Maybe today will be different. There was a time when a person who wanted to find work had to buy newspaper and look through the classified ads section. The advent of the internet has changed that by creating opportunities for people to work either in a different state or in another country.
It has made the world a smaller place rendering it accessible for anyone with a computer to search for a job and apply to it. There are many sites that offer such services. All the person has to do is open an account, fill up the necessary fields then submit your resume. These sites usually ask for pertinent information such as the person's name, age, address, contact number and social security number. Additional information that will be requested is educational background. Employment history is also another thing that has to be mentioned which includes the job description and highlights that one has experienced during that person's career.
A section in the account will also ask the preferred industry of work, if the person is willing to do field work or open to relocation and the expected salary should one be accepted for the job. With all the information provided, these sites will then match your qualifications with the jobs available. This service is free and matches can be seen when the person logs on the account or gets a notice via email. If you think the only way to find a job is to have connections, you may be partly right.
With such a demand for employment many jobs never make it to the paper. How can you compete? NETWORKING "Leave no stone unturned". Tell friends, family and acquaintances of your job search. These people can give you an 'IN' to their businesses when positions come available. They may also hear of someone who is hiring and keep you updated on opportunities you may not otherwise have heard about.
Their personal referral can also make an impression on the employer in your behalf. NON-POSTED JOBS You don't have to wait for a job to be listed in the paper, or even posted on the company board, to apply for work at a company. Go through the phone book and make a list of companies you'd like to work for. Call and ask if there are any positions available. Ask for the name of the human resources manager or the individual in charge of hiring for the area you are applying to.
Send a resume and direct it to the person in charge of hiring. Write a cover letter that expresses your interest in the company and why you'd like to work for them. Follow up several days later and ask for the individual. Tell them you're checking to see that they received your resume and ask if there are any positions that may become available. If they are not hiring suggest you'll check back at another time. Often positions are made available unexpectedly and by keeping in contact (without pestering) you may be the first person that comes to mind.
This is not a secret. If you're not taking advantage, someone else will. You can't afford to miss out on making yourself known to employers BEFORE the job posting is made public. Accessing this hidden job market may open up opportunities you never thought possible. By staying one step ahead of other job searchers you can be sure that your new job is just around the corner!.


John T. O'Connor II, 83, passed away Feb. 10 at his home. He was a longtime member and past president of the Knoxville Bar Association and served as the attorney for the Catholic Diocese of Knoxville for over 20 years. The family will receive friends from 6:45-8:15 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 13, at the Cathedral of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus with the funeral mass at 10 a.m. Thursday, Feb. 14, at the cathedral. Details here.
J. Wade Leach, 88, of Halls, passed away Feb. 9. He was well-known in North Knox and Union counties as the owner of service stations. He retired as owner of Leach Garage. The family will receive friends today (2/12) from 5-7 p.m. at Mynatt Funeral Home in Halls with funeral service to follow. Details here.
Margaret L. Kerr, 85, of Heiskell, passed away Feb. 10. She owned and operated Crossroads Bookkeeping Service in Halls for many years and was active in the Halls Business and Professional Association, being recognized as Halls Woman of the Year. She taught Sunday School and was church pianist for over 50 years. Family will receive friends 5-8 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 14, at Mynatt Funeral Home in Halls and 10-11 a.m. Friday, Feb. 15, at Fairview Freewill Baptist Church with service to follow at 11. Details here.


John Pradeep has more than 10 years of global and regional expertise in the e-commerce industry, having worked for the industry and for pricing forums. His prior roles have been based in India, Europe and South East Asia (SEA), leading engagements in pricing analytics and systems for US, Europe and SEA. John's projects ranged from pricing strategy, competitive pricing, margin optimization, seller analytics, and pricing systems.
Currently, John is enjoying his role as the SVP, Regional Head of Pricing for Lazada - Alibaba. In this role, he focuses on supporting business via pricing analytics, dynamic pricing, real time business alerts - insights and developing pricing systems to scale.


Public notice is hereby given that Albany County Board of Commissioners intends in accordance with Wyo. Stat. § 16-3-101 and in accordance with Wyo. Stat. § 18-3-506 (a) authorizing the County to establish rules and regulations to govern the transaction of their business. The proposed Rules of Procedure include regulations relative to govern all official meetings of the Board and to provide for the efficient and orderly functioning of the business of the Board.
Interested persons may obtain a copy of these regulations at the Albany County Clerk's Office, 525 Grand Avenue, Room 202, Laramie, Wyoming or may be viewed on the County website.
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Albany County Board of Commissioners will hold a PUBLIC HEARING on June 4, 2019 at 9:30 a.m. in the County Commissioner Chambers, Albany County Courthouse, Laramie, Wyoming to take oral comments from interested persons upon the proposed regulations. WRITTEN COMMENTS, data, views, and arguments may be submitted to the County Clerk, 525 Grand Avenue, Room 202, Laramie, Wyoming 82070 no later than May 24, 2019. Written comments may also be submitted via electronic mail to jgonzales@co.albany.wy.us.
Any interested person may urge the County to not adopt the rules and also request the County state its reasons for overruling the consideration urged against adoption. Requests for an agency response must be made prior to, or within 30 (thirty) days after adoption of the rules, addressed to: Jackie R. Gonzales, County Clerk, 525 Grand Avenue, Room 202, Laramie, Wyoming 82070.


This Cognac is a Grande Champagne cognac, classified Premier Cru from the cognac region, composed of several cognacs, the youngest being 30 years old, and the oldest more than centenary.
The colour is a very sustained amber Cuban mahogany.
To the nose: a first attack of dried white flowers like linden followed by delicate notes of candied fruits like pear, orange or prune with fine spicy touches.
The palate offers a wide range going from vanilla to chocolate, musk and leather, roasted almonds, cinnamon with a very lingering and balanced finish.
Limited edition in a crystal carafe.


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Research Article| Volume 83, P154-160, March 2021
Performance of an artificial intelligence tool with real-time clinical workflow integration – Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism
Nico Buls 1
1 Nico Buls and Nina Watté have contributed equally to first authorship.
Nico Buls
Corresponding author.
Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
Nina Watté 1
Nina Watté
Koenraad Nieboer
Bart Ilsen
Johan de Mey
Open AccessPublished:March 25, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.015
Previous ArticleBenign-malignant pulmonary nodule classification in low-dose CT with convolutional features
Next ArticleCurrent applications of deep-learning in neuro-oncological MRI
Intra-cranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism are life-threatening pathologies.
CT imaging is essential to confirm diagnosis.
In a real-time clinical setting AI shows the potential to rule out ICH and PE.
The positive predictive value of AI remains moderate.
AI has the potential to assist radiologists and serve as real-time clinical adjunct.
Acute pathologies require early detection with prompt communication of critical findings to ensure adequate clinical management. Intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are two of such frequent life-threatening pathologies, with significant morbidity and mortality, where misdiagnosis can lead to adverse outcome [
van Asch C.J.
Luitse M.J.
Rinkel G.J.
van der Tweel I.
Algra A.
Klijn C.J.
Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9: 167-176https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70340-0
Heit J.J.
Iv M.
Wintermark M.
Imaging of intracranial hemorrhage.
J Stroke. 2017; 19: 11-27https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2016.00563
Morales H.
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Advances in CT technology have led to the improvement of image quality and reduction of radiation dose, which allows the diagnosis of more subtle lesions. However, the increasing volume in number of examinations and images per examination, can have a disproportionate effect on the radiologist' work stream. McDonald et al., calculated in their study on the influence of technological advancements of cross-sectional imaging on the radiology workflow, that a radiologist analyses an average of one image every three seconds [
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Given the potential adverse outcome in case of misdiagnosis of ICH or PE, the increasing radiology workload, the constant development of new advanced computed tomography techniques and nowadays pandemics that effect our health care system, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can assist radiologists and serve as a real-time clinical adjunct to diagnose ICH and PE. Using convolutional neural networks (CNN) based on deep learning, AI algorithms are becoming accessible, which can detect those life-threatening lesions [
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Much research in recent years has focused on such AI solutions, which has indicated a sensitivity of 0.95, specificity of 0.99, negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 and positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.98 with an overall accuracy of 0.98 for ICH detection. Rao et al. applied a AI solution to negative-by-report ICH cases. They found a false-negative rate of radiologists for ICH detection at 1.6%, and thus the technology could serve by minimizing false negatives [
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]. Also with PE, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy compared with gold standard senior radiologists were reported, 0.85, 0.97, 0.85, 0.97 and 0.95 respectively [
The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a commercially available AI tool as a second reader in detecting ICH and PE in a diverse clinical setting (e.g., emergency, routine, inpatient, and outpatient) in real-time assessment, by evaluation of the number processed studies by the AI tool and calculation of the diagnostic performance respectively.
This retrospective study was conducted with approval by our local institutional medical ethics committee with a waiver of informed consent. Our study was bipartite and focused on two acute pathologies: Intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Each subdivision consisted of 4 stages: (1) Dataset collection; (2) Image data processing by an automated AI tool; (3) Quality control and discrepancy revision by registered radiologists with certificate of added qualification in neuroradiology or thorax radiology; and (4) diagnostic performance analysis.
Dataset collection
Random case collection was performed from a consecutive database of patients referred to our radiology department for an non-contrast head CT or CTPA, blinded to clinical data regarding antecedents, diagnose, therapy or outcome. Both for the brain and lung study, patients under the age of 18 were excluded. CT exams were pseudo-anonymized, retaining solely an identification code to link each report to its respective study. Control CTs were excluded, resulting in eliminating duplicate exams and a final cohort of unique patients and scans.
A total of 500 consecutive non-contrast CT exams of the head performed over 31 days from September 1, 2019 until October 1, 2019, were included. This consecutive case collection varies considerably in terms of neurologic pathology signs such as hemorrhage, mass effect, hydrocephalus, suspected acute infarct, encephalomalacia or no evidence of intracranial disease. Cases also differ markedly in hemorrhage age and attenuation on CT (respectively hypo-, iso- and hyperattenuating), hemorrhage size and location (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid and intraparenchymal). Scans with movement artifacts, sloped and postoperative studies remained included to represent standard practice.
Secondly, we considered 500 consecutive CTPA scans performed between July 1, 2019 and February 1,2020. This data set consists of pulmonary emboli (central, segmental and subsegmental), common diseases such as interstitial pneumonias, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sarcoidosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, cardiogenic pulmonary edema and normal findings. Scans containing moderate breathing or beam hardening artifacts, were included as well to represent routine radiology practice.
CT examinations were performed on one of our four different scanners, of which one used dual-energy technology (DECT). Table 1 specifies information with reference to the utilized scanner vendor, model, tube voltage, single collimation width, reconstruction slice thickness, reconstruction kernel and radiation doses. Data from all axial, coronal and sagittal planes, available from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), were utilized. In addition, for the DECT scanner, material specific pulmonary iodine maps, an alternative for depicting perfusion defects in PE, were also available for the expert reviewers.
Table 1Scanner models, scan- and reconstruction parameters and radiation doses used for the two indications. Doses represent median values with 95% confidence intervals between brackets.
Scanner model
Tube voltage (kV)
Single collimation width (mm)
Reconstructed slice thickness (mm)
Reconstruction method
Reconstruction kernel
CTDIvol (mGy)
DLP (mGy.cm)
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) 500
GE Revolution 212 (42%) DECT 0.625 0.625 DLIR-M Standard 35.8 (35.5–37.2) 724 (698–751)
GE Discovery 750HD 173 (35%) 120 0.625 0.625 ASiR 30% Soft 38.4 (37.5–39.4) 756 (725–787)
Philips iCT 109 (22%) 100 0.625 0.8 iDose3 UB (standard) 29.9 (29.3–30.6) 598 (581–614)
Siemens Somatom AS40 6 (1%) 120 0.6 0.6 FBP H31s 60.8 1006 (990–1023)
Pulmonary embolism (PE) 500
GE Revolution 282 (56%) DECT 0.625 0.625 ASiR-V 70% Standard 6.4 (5.9–6.8) 229 (211–248)
GE Discovery 750HD 203 (41%) 100–120 0.625 0.625 ASiR 30% Detail 11.8 (10.8–12.8) 441 (405–478)
Philips iCT 15 (3%) 100–120 0.625 0.9 iDose3 B (standard) 4.1 (3.8–4.4) 174 (163–183)
Image data processing by AI tool
A commercially available, FDA-and CE-cleared (European Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC M5) AI tool, based on convolutional neural networks (Aidoc version 1.3, Tel Aviv, Israel) was implemented in our radiological workflow. The algorithm was trained and tested by a dataset that included approximately 50,000 non-contrast head CT studies for the detection of ICH [
] and 28,000 CTPA studies for the detection of PE [
], collected from 9 different sites and 17 different scanner models. According to the manufacturer's specifications, CT acquisition should be performed with a 64-slice scanner or higher and with a reconstructed slice thickness between 0.625 and 5.1 mm for ICH and 0.5–3.0 mm for PE. In addition, all technically inadequate scans should be excluded, such as scans with motion artifacts, severe metal artifacts, inadequate field of view and sub-optimal contrast bolus (PE).
As soon as they are available in our PACS, CT images are automatically pseudo-anonymized and subsequently send for AI processing to a cloud server. The AI technology processed the non-enhanced head CT dataset to rule out ICH and CTPA data to diagnose PE. Afterwards, quantitative results and location specific annotated images are sent back into the PACS as additional dicom series. In case of intracranial bleeding or pulmonary embolism, these additional AI marked series contain images with arrows pointed where the pathology is situated. The AI report is seamlessly integrated into the clinical workflow, with the results being automatically added to the CT study. The typical time between the CT acquisition to the notification (AI results available in PACS) varies between 3 and 7 min for ICH studies and 5–9 min for PE studies.
Diagnostic performance and discrepancy review
From the 500 consecutive head CT exams and CTPA exams that were presented to the AI tool, we registered the number of studies that were sent back with an AI report. Secondly, we evaluated its diagnostic performance by comparison to expert reviewing. The original clinical radiology report after consensus review by 3 neuro-radiologists for ICH and 3 thorax radiologists PE, was considered as gold standard. Six board-certified radiologists participated in the consensus review with each 5 up to 15 year of experience in reading unenhanced head CT and CTPA studies. The reviewers had access to prior and future studies, and were able to see clinical history and reports to diagnose. AI results were classified into true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative cases. True-positive (TP) cases contained hemorrhage or embolism detected by the AI tool, and subsequently confirmed by the consensus reviewers. True-negatives (TN) consisted of exams without ICH nor PE according to the AI tool and reviewers. False-positives (FP) were defined as cases that were flagged positive by the AI tool but found out to be negative. False-negatives (FN) were defined as cases that were classified by the AI tool as negative but decided to be positive for ICH/PE by consensus review. We quantified the diagnostic performance of the AI algorithm in ICH and PE detection by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy. The concordance between the AI tool and consensus review on each pathology, was calculated using percentage of agreement and Cohen's k statistic.
In addition, the expert reviewers performed a detailed discrepancy analysis of the false-positive and false-negative cases in order to identify the reason for miss classification by AI.
Table 2 summarizes the AI performance results for detecting ICH and PE. From the 500 presented cases, the AI algorithm could process 77.6% (388 of 500) for ICH evaluation during real-time radiology work stream. No ICH evaluation was performed for 112 studies. There was a difference in process rate between scanners models ranging from 84.9% (GE Discovery HD) to 53.8% (Philips iCT). All 6 Siemens cases were rejected for processing. From all 388 processed studies, the AI tool flagged 31 (7.9%) exams as having ICH. Expert review flagged 37 (9.5%) hemorrhages. Substantial agreement (kappa-value of 0.65) between AI and expert reading was observed. The performance for ICH showed 0.84 sensitivity and 0.94 specificity. The negative and positive predictive values were 0.98 and 0.61 respectively. The AI tool failed to label 1.7% (6 of 337) cases, that were agreed to have hemorrhage after review by three subspecialists (false negative by the AI tool). Those six cases summed in Table 3, conclude two discrete subarachnoid hemorrhages, two subdural hemorrhages and two parenchymal hemorrhages. Twenty positive results out of 37 flagged exams by the AI tool, were labelled as false-positive findings after consensus review, which the reviewers assigned to falcine or basal ganglia calcifications (9/20 cases), beam hardening artifacts (8/20 cases) and hyperdense dural sinuses (3/20), shown in Table 3.
Table 2Number of processed studied and diagnostic performance of AI tool in detecting ICH and PE. Diagnostic accuracy values between brackets represent 95% confidence intervals.
Number of studies presented 500 500
Studies with AI result
All scanners 77.6% (388/500) 89.6% (448/500)
GE Revolution 84.4% (179/212) 92.5% (261/282)
GE Discovery 750HD 84.9% (147/173) 90.6% (184/203)
Philips iCT 56.8% (62/109)
Significantly lower than both GE scanners (p < 0.05, Fischer Exact Probability test).
13.3% (2/15)
Siemens Somatom AS40 0% (0/6)
Diagnostic Performance
Sensitivity 0.84 (0.68–0.94) 0.73 (0.62–0.82)
Specificity 0.94 (0.91–0.96) 0.95 (0.93–0.97)
NPV 0.98 (0.96–0.99) 0.94 (0.91–0.96)
PPV 0.61 (0.46–0.74) 0.73 (0.62–0.82)
Accuracy 0.93 (0.90–0.96) 0.98 (0.96–0.99)
N.a. Not available.
a Significantly lower than both GE scanners (p < 0.05, Fischer Exact Probability test).
Table 3Detailed analysis of false negative and false positive ICH cases by AI.
Detailed analysis of False Negative ICH cases by AI
Subarachnoid hemorrhages 33% (2/6)
Subdural hemorrhages 33% (2/6)
Parenchymal hemorrhages 33% (2/6)
Detailed analysis of False Positive ICH cases by AI
Falcine and Basal ganglia calcifications 45% (9/20)
Beam hardening artefacts 40% (8/20)
Hyperdense dural sinuses 15% (3/20)
The AI technology created a report for 448 (89.6%) consecutive CTPA's. Similar to ICH, the process rate for the Philips iCT was lower (13.3%), compared to the GE scanners (90.6% and 92.5%). The sensitivity and specificity and accuracy were 0.73, 0.95 and 0.90 respectively. The kappa value for agreement between AI and expert reading was 0.78, indicating a substantial concordance. The expert readers detected 82 cases positive for PE. The AI system did not identify 19 of these 82 PE cases (false negative by AI). Nine of these patients, had chronic pulmonary embolisms. Six cases had masquerading artifacts. In three cases, an underlying pathology had concealed the present emboli. In 1 patient, a superimposing vein was the cause of the missed pulmonary embolism. 17 out of 19 misdiagnosed patients had subsegmental and segmental PE. Chronic known central emboli were missed in 1 patient. Lobar emboli were misdiagnosed by AI in 1 patient during delayed scan phase.
24.4% of studies were found to be false-positive findings by the AI solution. According the consensus reviewers, six FP cases were due to contrast agent-related flow artifacts, beam hardening artifacts and breathing artifacts. Another six false positive cases were due to the masking effect of associated pathologies (such as infiltrate, metastasis, pleural effusion, atelectasis and fibrosis) or superposition anatomy (e.g. pulmonary vein, lymph node, hilar soft tissue, bronchus, azygos vein or pulmonary artery bifurcation). Withal, 7 out of 18 patients had a false positive diagnosis caused by a combination by the aforementioned factors.
Examples of intracranial hemorrhages and pulmonary embolism with AI detection are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
Fig. 1Left: true positive ICH case by AI, indicated by the yellow arrow at a cortical hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe, was contemplated as a difficult subtle lesion by the reviewers. Right: true positive PE case by AI, indicated by the yellow arrow towards a segmental embolism in the anterior segment of left upper lobe. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 2False negative ICH case by AI: subtle stroke hemorrhagic transformation not identified by the AI tool (white arrow).
Fig. 3Left: false Positive ICH case by AI (yellow arrow) probably due to the presence of surrounded periventricular white matter hypoattenuation. Right: same image with different window/level settings. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 4Top (A and B): False negative PE case by AI, lesion (white arrow) probably missed due to masquerading anatomy by hilar soft tissue. Bottom (A and B): False positive PE case by AI, a pulmonary vein (yellow arrow) is the cause of a false positive marked case by AI. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
This two-folded study assessed the diagnostic performance of an AI algorithm to automatically rule out ICH on non-contrast head CTs on one hand, and PE diagnose via CTPAs on the other hand, with real-time clinical work flow integration. In a diverse real-time clinical setting, 77.6% (388/500) of consecutive head CT exams and 89.6% (448/500) CTPA exams could be automatically evaluated by AI. However, AI process rates increase to 84.6% (326/385) for head CT exams and 91.7% (445/485) for CTPA if we only consider the two GE scanners who represent the bulk of the studies. We did not asses the cause of failure to process nor the follow up of these patients, as this was not part of the study protocol. Possible causes can be hospital-network related or can be attributed to inadequate radiological quality due to, for example, increased noise, the presence of motion artifacts or metal artifacts. The few Siemens cases were rejected for AI processing (0/6) because they were not compliant with the AI-tool requirements (<64 slice CT).
With a specificity of 0.94 and a 0.98 negative predictive value, our ICH study is in line with prior work. Previous research with the same AI tool reported a specificity of 0.99 and a NPV of 0.98 for ICH detection. However, the sensitivity and PPV were 0.84 and 0.61 in our study, and remain moderate in comparison with previous studies, in which a sensitivity of 0.95 and 0.98 PPV was obtained [
]. Weikert et al., stated that prior research with a sensitivity above 0.85 accepted more false positive findings, which increase the amount of false positive cases, thereby increasing the radiologist's workload and time to therapy initiation [
False positive cases were more frequent (54% or 20/37) than false negatives, and mostly due to falcine or basal ganglia calcifications, hyperdense dural sinuses and streak artifacts, these results are in line with prior work assessed by Roa et al., effortlessly recognized without any difficulties by the original reporting radiologist [
]. An example of a false positive ICH case by AI (yellow arrow) is shown in Fig. 3, probably due to the presence of surrounded periventricular white matter hypo-attenuation.
False negatives ICH cases occurred in a limited number of cases (6/337) and were mainly seen in very small hemorrhages or follow-up exams within deteriorating patients.
The most commonly false negative cases were sulcal subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage, predominant in convex brain regions. However, we had one less subtle stroke hemorrhagic transformation (Fig. 2). Although, this missed finding could still be explained by very low HU densities within the lesion itself, luckily it was fast diagnosed by the original reporting radiologist. On one hand, the interpreting radiologist should scrutinize those critic brain regions very carefully. On the other hand, a missed subtle hemorrhage may be inconsequential, it needs to get your attention as well and may indicate further examination.
With high specificity and negative predictive value, the AI tool shows the potential to rule out ICH.
For our PE study we achieved a rather low sensitivity of 0.73 when compared to the study by Weikert et al., who reached a sensitivity level of 0.93 [
]. Firstly, this can be explained by a high prevalence of chronic emboli in our study population (9/19 cases). Secondly, 6 out of 19 patients had marked artifacts (movement, beam hardening and contrast agent-related flow artifacts). After consensus review, we also found 18 false positive cases flagged by the AI tool. According to the reviewers, also mainly due to artifacts, the other cases can be clarified by a combination of artifacts, masquerading pathologies (such as infiltrate, metastatis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, fibrosis) and superposing anatomy (e.g. pulmonary vein, lymph node, hilar soft tissue, bronchus, azygos vein, pulmonary artery bifurcation). Detailed analysis of false negative and false positive PE cases by AI are reported in Table 4. Examples of false negative and false positive PE cases by AI are shown in Fig. 4. Although false positive results can increase workload, these were again easily recognized by the expert readers. Also, an AI solution with a high false-negative rate can be more harmful, especially in outpatients [
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Table 4Detailed analysis of false negative and false positive PE cases by AI.
Detailed analysis of False Negative PE cases by AI
Chronic emboli 47,3% (9/19)
Artifacts (Contrast agent-related Flow Artifacts, beam hardening artifacts, movement artifacts) 31,6% (6/19)
Masquerading pathology (infiltrate, metastatis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, fibrosis) 15,7% (3/19)
Superimposing anatomy 5,2% (1/19)
Detailed analysis of False Positive PE cases by AI
Superimposing anatomy (pulmonary vein, lymph node, hilar soft tissue, bronchus, azygos vein, pulmonary artery bifurcation) 16,6% (3/18)
Combination 38,8% (7/18)
Interestingly, while the AI tool processed more PE studies, our data showed the impact of the tool to be more sensitive for ICH (0.84 versus 0.73). Even so, the PE study scored a higher positive predictive value of 0.76 versus 0.61 for ICH. Similar results were achieved regarding specificity (0.94 for ICH and 0.94 for PE) and accuracy (0.93 for ICH and 0.98 for PE). Future studies with adjusted prevalence of each target pathology could provide more insight. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of AI technology during real-time radiology work flow in detecting ICH and PE, using a consecutive dataset for each target pathology. Prior studies focused on prototype algorithms which limits their usefulness in clinical setting, while an important strength of this study is that the AI algorithm is commercially available, and has never previously been exposed to images from our department or our CT equipment [
]. Also, the AI technology used in our study was applied to data from two single-energy CTs and one dual-energy CT, suggesting the robustness of AI processing. Roa et al., studied more closely retrospective peer review systems to minimize false negatives in particular, whereby this AI tool could function as a real-time prospective, peer review for radiologists [
]. Earlier research evaluated on rather small data sets with a high percentage of positive cases or even exclusively positive cases, which does not represent real-time clinical workflow and might influence diagnostic accuracy [
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Following limitations of our study merit consideration. We included emergency, in and out patients which differ markedly in diseases and pathology signs. We did not study the underlying or associated pathologies nor characteristics (gender, age, etc.) of our study population. We do not know whether these may have influenced our results. Likewise, we did not calculate the prevalence of our target pathologies at our institution. However, there is a remarkable variety geographically and it is well known that prevalence has a strong influence on PPV and NPV. This can provoke an application site-dependent performance which could lead to future replicability issues. Nevertheless, testing on all consecutive head CTs and CTPAs during a vast time frame at our department, ensured a representative clinical reality regarding the ICH and PE distribution and even the positive and negative cases. All original radiology reports included in our study, were used for making clinical decisions at our institution. As aforementioned, artifacts, sloped and even postoperative studies were included to represent routine radiology work stream. These inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to approximate a standard practice data set and could partially explain our rather lower achieved sensitivity for ICH detection. Since our gold standard was the consensus review, we still may have missed undetected cases. Also, we did not assess the follow-up imaging of patients with missed ICH/PE. Another limitation is that we did not assess the reason why some studies were not processed by the AI tool, nor did we consider the diagnostic accuracy stratified per scanner model. Future studies with a higher number of cases per scanner and a rejection analysis might provide interesting insights in the performance of AI tools in function of the scanner model and applied scan protocols including image quality and radiation dose. An additional limitation of this study relates to the retrospective methodology in a single center. Lastly, we did not assess any AI solution for the detection of intracranial pathology besides hemorrhage nor pulmonary pathology besides embolism.
Due to the fact that we evaluate the AI tool next to an original reporting radiologist (and not without human primary and secondary review), it is hard to assess the clinical impact of the findings detected by the AI tool. Currently, the tool is integrated into our PACS as an automated triage system with a pop-up window whenever the tool suspects the presence of ICH or PE. In this way, quality increases because abnormalities are brought to our attention immediately. The automated case prioritization ensures that the most urgent patient will be diagnosed first. We did not evaluate the time saving for each patient due to the automated triage system. Future investigation should focus on the added value of worklist prioritization, which will give more information about the clinical impact as well.
Our study demonstrates that, in a diverse clinical setting, an AI solution has the potential to assist radiologists and serve as a real-time clinical adjunct for non-contrast head CT scans to rule out ICH on one hand and for CTPAs to diagnose PE on the other hand. An important fraction of consecutive studies could not be analyzed (22% ICH studies and 10.4% PE studies), however these fractions were reduced to 15.4% for ICH and 8.3% for PE when considering the two scanners that performed the bulk of the scans. Although the AI tool processed more PE studies, our data showed the impact of the tool to be more sensitive for ICH (0.84 versus 0.73). Even so, the PE study scored a higher positive predictive value of 0.73 versus 0.61 for ICH. Similar results were achieved regarding specificity (0.94 for ICH and 0.95 for PE) and accuracy (0.93 for ICH and 0.98 for PE). In conclusion, our study provides data on an AI solution acting as an adjunct to current real-time radiology workflow as a second reader of non-contrast CT's and CTPA's for detecting ICH and PE respectively.
The authors sincerely thank all radiologist and physicists of the radiology department at Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, for supporting the data collection and their effort to carefully verify the ground truth of the dataset.
Accepted: March 8, 2021
Received in revised form: February 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.015
© 2021 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica e Sanitaria (AIFM)


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text:
'Amazing Race' Is the Latest Western Format Sprinting Ahead in China
The reality show features big names running across the continents
By Clifford Coonan
Clifford Coonan
More Stories by Clifford Coonan
China's Bona Film Group Reports 58 Percent Profit Growth in Second Quarter
China's Top Film Companies Report Strong First Half Revenue, Earnings Growth Despite Stock Slide
Warner Bros. Talking to China Media Capital About Local Language Co-Productions (Report)
8 p.m. Friday, Sept. 26 (CBS)
China is getting ready for the frantic tourist reality show The Amazing Race, just the latest in a series of formats from the U.S. and elsewhere to make a significant impact on the world's fastest-growing TV market.
The Chinese version of the show is set to debut on Shenzhen TV on Friday and features celebs such as Jordan Chan, Ekin Cheng and Zhang Tielin.
Read more 'Amazing Race' Host Phil Keoghan: Season 25 Has "Most Powerful Prize Ever"
The Amazing Race is an enduring favorite in the West — it is entering its 25th season in the U.S. on CBS and has won Emmys over the years — but in China it's a novelty, despite occasional similar formats that have made their way onto Chinese TV screens.
Ray Stevenson Replaces Kevin Spacey in Epic Drama '1242: Gateway to the West'
Better Off Alone? Why the Murdochs Called Off a Fox-News Corp Merger
China's number of outbound tourists reached 97.3 million in 2013, and is expected to reach 200 million in 2020, and shows like Amazing Race resonate with the country's burgeoning wanderlust.
On the Chinese version of the show, eight groups of stars crossed three continents and five oceans, and all of them claim to have been somewhat traumatized by the experience.
Watch more 'Amazing Race' Finale: David Copperfield Reveals the Challenges of Creating His Roadblock
"If I'd seen the show beforehand, I'd never have joined," Tielin joked at a news conference.
Hong Kong actor Wallace Chung added that he had no idea how he'd lost control until he saw the show later.
The show has some of the same elements as the U.S. version, focusing on traveling skills and getting there on time, but it also has Chinese elements, and the show already has 246,173 fans signaling their excitement at the show's arrival.
Some of the comments online about the show were less than enthusiastic.
Read more Chinese Musical TV Drama Draws Ratings, Criticism for 'Copying' 'Glee'
One user who goes by Wang910780 said the show could never beat the hugely popular Dad, Where Are We because Shenzhen TV was not that popular.
Other commenters said they were fans of the U.S. version and were looking forward to the Chinese version.
"It all depends on who the stars are and how popular they are," wrote the user Inn8223.
Others were interested in seeing the differing responses.
See more 'Amazing Race' All-Star Cast Revealed
Zoujin xing Shidai from Sina Weibo wrote: "I am a big fan of the American version of Amazing Race. I look forward to the Chinese version," he said.
Meanwhile, Chinese versions of other Western shows are in the works.
At MIPCOM in Cannes, Shine International announced a deal with Hunan TV, in association with Twofour, to develop a Chinese adaptation of The School set to air in the new year.
Created and produced by Twofour, the U.K. versions of The School, titled Educating Essex, Educating Yorkshire and Educating the East End, have delivered a peak audience of 4.8 million viewers, and the second series was U.K. network C4's highest-rated series of 2013.
Read more MIPCOM: Drama Dominates While Reality Grows Stale
"We have very high expectations for The School as the original U.K. series has achieved such a success," said Beryl Yan, head of program strategy and international business at Hunan TV.
"The format itself is a breakthrough in telling real-life stories and sheds light on how the future of our nation is being educated. A group of in-house production teams are currently working on different ideas of localization and we expect to launch the Chinese version next year," she said.
Shine International already has a number of successful shows currently airing in China, including Big Town Dance (Yunnan TV) and Celebrity Masterchef on Jiangsu TV in partnership with 3C Media.
The company recently announced it was producing The Biggest Loser in partnership with Screen Media.
There were also reports that DreamWorks was in talks with a Beijing-based production company to produce a slate of original online content based on the online sensation Surprise, a vastly successful show made by the online giant Youku Tudou and Unimedia.


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UPDATE: Ronald Gasser has been sentenced to 30 years in prison for the road-rage shooting death of former NFL running back Joe McKnight.
GRETNA, La. (AP) — The man convicted of manslaughter in the 2016 road-rage shooting death of former NFL running back Joe McKnight faces sentencing in a suburban New Orléans courtroom on Thursday.
Ronald Gasser, 56, could get up to 40 years in prison.
Defense lawyers argued that Gasser fired in self-defense when McKnight walked up to his car following a 5-mile rolling confrontation that began on a bridge spanning the Mississippi River in New Orléans and ended with gunfire in neighboring Jefferson Parish.
Witnesses at the trial said McKnight had been weaving in and out of traffic at high speed before the shooting. Prosecutors acknowledged to the jury that he was, in the words of Assistant District Attorney Seth Shute, "driving like a jerk." But they argued that Gasser escalated the conflict, following him down an exit that he would not ordinarily have taken moments prior to the shooting.
Gasser was indicted on a second-degree murder charge in McKnight's death. The jury voted 10-2 for the lesser verdict of manslaughter.
Gasser did not leave the scene of the shooting and he was released for a time after being questioned. He is white and his release after the shooting of the black athlete sparked protests at the time from some who said race was a factor.
Jefferson Parish Sheriff Newell Normand, who has since retired, denied that race played any role and noted that a thorough investigation led to Gasser's arrest and indictment. Prosecutors later recounted a painstaking investigation including an extensive search for witnesses and physical evidence that eventually led to Gasser being charged.
The case in some ways echoed another New Orléans-area road-rage shooting from 2016. Former New Orleans Saints star Will Smith was gunned down in that April incident. The shooter was later convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 25 years.
If he lives and survives prison, he will be eligible for parole in about 15 years. That's my guesstimate. So he will be back on the streets at seventy and really angry. I hope McKnight's Family sues Gasser – bankrupt his estate.
The murderer looks like satan himself.
The white devil travel five miles behind someone b/c they cut him off.When he catches up with him,he kills him.The white jury decides on a lesser charge,he should be lock up for life without parole,or the death sentence.Black America were in a race war.Bombs on our door steps,average white folks shooting us,race soldiers,shooting us,Black America open ur eyes.
No damn 40 yrs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


text:
APPSC Audio
UPSC Audio
TSPSC Audio
Video Material
Pdfs / Ebooks of competitive exam material
UG PG Question Papers
NTA UGC JRF NET previous year question paper and Key Exam held on December 2007
Q1. Verbal guidance is least effective in the learning of:
(A) Aptitudes (B) Skills
(C) Attitudes (D) Relationship
A skill is learning to carry out a task with pre-determined results often within a
given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain
general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain of work, some
general skills would include time management, teamwork and leadership, selfmotivation
and others, whereas domain-specific skills would be useful only
for a certain job. Skill usually requires certain environmental stimuli and
situations to assess the level of skill being shown and used.
Q2. Which is the most important aspect of the teacher's role in
learning?
(A) The development of insight into what constitutes an adequate performance
(B) The development of insight into what constitutes the pitfalls and dangers to
be avoided
(C) The provision of encouragement and moral support
(D) The provision of continuous diagnostic and remedial help
Q3. The most appropriate purpose of learning is:
(A) personal adjustment (B) modification of
(C) social and political awareness (D) preparing oneself for
Q4. The students who keep on asking questions in the class
should be:
(A) encouraged to find answer independently
(B) advised to meet the teacher after the class
(C) encouraged to continue questioning
(D) advised not to disturb during the lecture
Q5. Maximum participation of students is possible in teaching
(A) discussion method (B) lecture method
(C) audio-visual aids (D) text book method
Discussion methods are a variety of forums for open-ended, collaborative
exchange of ideas among a teacher and students or among students for the
purpose of furthering students thinking, learning, problem solving,
understanding, or literary appreciation. Participants present multiple points of
view, respond to the ideas of others, and reflect on their own ideas in an effort
to build their knowledge, understanding, or interpretation of the matter at hand.
Discussions may occur among members of a dyad, small group, or whole class
and be teacher-led or student-led. They frequently involve discussion of a
written text, though discussion can also focus on a problem, issue, or topic that
has its basis in a "text" in the larger sense of the term
Q6. Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is
technically known as:
(A) Data analysis and interpretation
(B) Parameter inference
(C) Statistical inference
(D) All of the above
Q7. The experimental study is based on:
(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters
(C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature
Q8. The main characteristic of scientific research is:
(A) empirical (B) theoretical
(C) experimental (D) all of the above
Q9. Authenticity of a research finding is its:
(A) Originality (B) Validity
(C) Objectivity (D) All of the above
Q10. Which technique is generally followed when the population is
finite?
(A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive
Sampling Technique
(C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above
Read the following passage and answer the questions 11 to 15 :
Gandhi's overall social and environmental philosophy is based on what human
beings need rather than what they want. His early introduction to the teachings
of Jains, Theosophists, Christian sermons, Ruskin and Tolstoy, and most
significantly the Bhagavad Gita, were to have profound impact on the
development of Gandhi's holistic thinking on humanity, nature and their
ecological interrelation. His deep concern for the disadvantaged, the poor and
rural population created an ambience for an alternative social thinking that was
at once far-sighted, local and immediate. For Gandhi was acutely aware that
the demands generated by the need to feed and sustain human life, compounded
by the growing industrialization of India, far outstripped the finite resources of
nature. This might nowadays appear naïve or commonplace, but such
pronouncements were as rare as they were heretical a century ago. Gandhi was
also concerned about the destruction, under colonial and modernist designs, of
the existing infrastructures which had more potential for keeping a community
flourishing within ecologically-sensitive traditional patterns of subsistence,
especially in the rural areas, than did the incoming Western alternatives based
on nature-blind technology and the enslavement of human spirit and energies.
Perhaps the moral principle for which Gandhi is best known is that of active
non-violence, derived from the traditional moral restraint of not injuring
another being. The most refined expression of this value is in the great epic of
the Mahabharata, (c. 100 BCE to 200 CE), where moral development
proceeds through placing constraints on the liberties, desires and
acquisitiveness endemic to human life. One's action is judged in terms of
consequences and the impact it is likely to have on another. Jainas had
generalized this principle to include all sentient creatures and biocommunities
alike. Advanced Jaina monks and nuns will sweep their path to avoid harming
insects and even bacteria. Non-injury is a non-negotiable universal
prescription.
Q11. Which one of the following have a profound impact on the
development of Gandhi's holistic thinking on humanity, nature and
their ecological interrelations ?
(A) Jain teachings (B) Christian sermons
(C) Bhagavad Gita (D) Ruskin and Tolstoy
Q12. Gandhi's overall social and environmental philosophy is
based on human beings' :
(A) need (B) desire
(C) wealth (D) welfare
Q13. Gandhiji's deep concern for the disadvantaged, the poor and
rural population created
an ambience for an alternative:
(A) rural policy (B) social thinking
(C) urban policy (D) economic thinking
Q14. Colonial policy and modernization led to the destruction of:
(A) major industrial infrastructure (B) irrigation infrastructure
(C) urban infrastructure (D) rural infrastructure
Q15. Gandhi's active non-violence is derived from:
(A) Moral restraint of not injuring another being
(B) Having liberties, desires and acquisitiveness
(C) Freedom of action
(D) Nature-blind technology and enslavement of human spirit and energies
Q16. DTH service was started in the year:
(A) 2000 (B) 2002
(C) 2004 (D) 2006
DTH service was launched back in 2004 by launching of Dish TV by Essel
Group's Zee Entertainment Enterprises. Dish TV is on the same satellite where
DD Direct+ was, DD Direct+ shifted to Insat 4B which is adjacent to NSS-6.
Dish TV was only DTH operator in India to carry the two Turner channels
Turner Classic Movies and Boomerang. Both the channels were removed from
the platform due to unknown reasons in March 2009. In October 2010 Dish tv
added the long awaited Neo Sports and Neo Cricket on its platform
Q17. National Press day is celebrated on:
(A) 16th November (B) 19th November
(C) 21st November (D) 30th November
1) National Press Day –> The 16th of November ? is symbolic of a free and
responsible press in India. 2) International Men's Day (IMD) is an annual
international event celebrated on 19 November.
Q18. The total number of members in the Press Council of India
(A) 28 (B) 14
(C) 17 (D) 20
The Press Council is headed by a Chairman: usually, a retired judge of the
Supreme Court of India. It consists of a Chairman and 28 other members. Of
the 28 members, 13 represent the working journalists. Of whom 6 are to be
editors of newspapers and remaining 7 are to be working journalists other than
editors. 6 are to be from among persons who own or carry on the business of
management of newspapers. One is to be from among the persons who manage
news agencies.
Q19. The right to impart and receive information is guaranteed in
the Constitution of India by Article:
(A) 19 (2) (a) (B) 19 (16)
(C) (19) (2) (D) (19) (1) (a)
Article 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. 1) All
citizens shall have the right a) to freedom of speech and expression; b) to
assemble peaceably and without arms; c) to form associations or unions; d) to
move freely throughout the territory of India; e) to reside and settle in any part
of the territory of India; and g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business. 2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall
affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any
law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of
the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of the sovereignty and
integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign
States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court,
defamation or incitement to an offence. 3) Nothing in sub-clause (b) of the said
clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or
prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the
sovereignty and integrity of India or public order, reasonable restrictions on
the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause. 4) Nothing in subclause
(c) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so
far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the
interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order or morality,
reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said subclause.
5) Nothing in sub-clauses (d) and (e) of the said clause shall affect the
operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from
making any law imposing, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of any of the
rights conferred by the said sub-clauses either in the interests of the general
public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe. 6) Nothing
in sub-clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing
law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing,
in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of
the right conferred by the said sub-clause, and, in particular, nothing in the said
sub-clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates
to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,? (i) the professional
or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying
on any occupation, trade or business, or ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a
corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry
or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or
Rightly as one of the significant objectives of Indian Constitution as the
preamble describes, is to secure liberty of thought and expressions to the
citizens of India. The Article 19(1)(a) of the constitution . the fundamental right
to speech and expression can never be exercised until and unless the
information regarding public matters is being circulated.
Q20. Use of radio for higher education is based on the presumption
(A) Enriching curriculum based instruction
(B) Replacing teacher in the long run
(C) Everybody having access to a radio set
(D) Other means of instruction getting outdated
Intrapersonal communication made some argue that this definition is too
narrow but to some extent it is also communication since there is an exchange
of message within oneself. Intrapersonal communication is a communicator's
internal use of language or thought. It can be useful to envision intrapersonal
communication occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which
contains a sender, receiver, and feedback loop.
Q21. Find out the number which should come at the place of
question mark which will complete the following series:
5, 4, 9, 17, 35, ? = 139
(A) 149 (B) 79
4 * 2 = 8 + 1 = 9
9 * 2 = 18 – 1=17
17 *2 = 34 + 1 =35
So 35 * 2 = 70 -1 = 69
Hence 4 + 5 + 9 + 17+ 35 + 69 =139 Twice the previous number plus 1 and
twice the previous and minus 1 series
Questions 22 to 24 are based on the following diagram in which there are
three interlocking circles I, S and P, where circle I stands for Indians,
circle S for Scientists and circle P for Politicians. Different regions in the
figure are lettered from a to f
Q22. The region which represents Non-Indian Scientists who are
Politicians:
(A) f (B) d
(C) a (D) c
The figure clearly show the Region f represents Non-Indian Scientists who are
Politicians.
Q23. The region which represents Indians who are neither
Scientists nor Politicians:
(A) g (B) c
(C) f (D) a
The figure clearly show the Region c represents Indian who are neither
Scientists nor Politicians.
Q24. The region which represents Politicians who are Indians as
well as Scientists:
(A) b (B) c
(C) a (D) d
The figure clearly show the Region a represents Politicians who are Indians as
Q25. Which number is missing in the following series ?
2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, ?
Observe that 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, ?
There is difference between two number is 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
So next is 50 +15=65
Q26. The function of measurement includes:
(A) Prognosis (B) Diagnosis
(C) Prediction (D) All of the above
Q27. Logical arguments are based on:
(A) Scientific reasoning (B) Customary reasoning
(C) Mathematical reasoning (D) Syllogistic reasoning
Q28. Insert the missing number:
4:17 : : 7:?
Square of 4 is 16 +1 = 17
Therefore Square of 7 is 49 +1 = 50
Q29. Choose the odd word:
(A) Nun (B) Knight
(C) Monk (D) Priest
Knight is a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in
armour.
While Nun, Monk, Priest are work for social service. Nun is a member of a
religious community of women, typically one living under vows of poverty,
chastity, and obedience.
A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or
with any number of other monks.
A priest or priestess (feminine) is a person authorized to perform the sacred
rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one
or more deities.
Q30. Choose the number which is different from others in the
49, 63 and 77 are divisible by 7.
But 81 is not divisible by 7.
Q31. Probability sampling implies:
(A) Stratified Random Sampling (B) Systematic Random
(C) Simple Random Sampling (D) All of the above
36/62, 39/63, 43/61, 48/64, ?
(A) 51/65 (B) 56/60
(C) 54/60 (D) 33/60
Observer 36/62, 39/63, 43/61, 48/64, ? series
Upper part is increase by 3, 4, 5, 6
i.e 36+3= 39, 39+4 = 43, 43+5 = 48, 48 + 6 = 54.
Q33. At what time between 3 and 4 O'clock will the hands of a
watch point in opposite directions?
(A) 40 minutes past three (B) 45 minutes past three
(C) 50 minutes past three (D) 55 minutes past three
Require time of a watch point in opposite directions between 3 and 4 O'clock
will the hands is = 50 minutes past three
Q34. Mary has three children. What is the probability that none of
the three children is a boy?
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3
(C) 3/4 (D) 1/8
If none of the children are boys, this means that each child must be a girl.
The probability of this happening is ½ x ½ x ½.
The answer is 1/8.
1.The probably of a boy are bbb, bbg, bgb, gbb, bgg, gbg, ggb, ggg, which is 8
'equally likely' cases, one meets desired criteria, probability of desired
criteria is 1/8 .
Probability that first child is not boy= 1/2
Probability that second child is not boy= 1/2
Probability that third child is not boy= 1/2
Probability that none of the three children is a boy= 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8
Q35. If the radius of a circle is increased by 50 per cent. Its area is
increased by:
(A) 125 per cent (B) 100 per cent
(C) 75 per cent (D) 50 per cent
Area of circle = pie * Radius *Radius.
Suppose radius is 100
Hence Area= 3.14 *100 *100 =31400
Radius increase by 50% i.e 150
Therefore Area = 3.14 *150 *150 =70650
which is 125 % of original
Q36. CD ROM stands for:
(A) Computer Disk Read Only Memory
(B) Compact Disk Read Over Memory
(C) Compact Disk Read Only Memory
(D) Computer Disk Read Over Memory
Q37. The 'brain' of a computer which keeps peripherals under its
control is called:
(A) Common Power Unit (B) Common Processing Unit
(C) Central Power Unit (D) Central Processing Unit
Q38. Data can be saved on backing storage medium known as:
(A) Compact Disk Recordable (B) Computer Disk Rewritable
(C) Compact Disk Rewritable (D) Computer
Data Rewritable
Q39. RAM means:
(A) Random Access Memory (B) Rigid Access Memory
(C) Rapid Access Memory (D) Revolving Access Memory
Q40. www represents:
(A) who what and where (B) weird wide web
(C) word wide web (D) world wide web
Q41. Deforestation during the recent decades has led to:
(A) Soil erosion (B) Landslides
(C) Loss of bio-diversity (D) All the above
Q42. Which one of the following natural hazards is responsible for
causing highest human disaster?
(A) Earthquakes (B) Volcanic
(C) Snow-storms (D) Tsunami
Q43. Which one of the following is appropriate for natural hazard
mitigation?
(A) International AID (B) Timely Warning System
(C) Rehabilitation (D) Community Participation
Q44. Slums in metro-city are the result of:
(A) Rural to urban migration (B) Poverty of the city-scape
(C) Lack of urban infrastructure (D) Urban-governance
Q45. The great Indian Bustard bird is found in:
(A) Thar Desert of India
(B) Coastal regions of India
(C) Temperate Forests in the Himalaya
(D) Tarai zones of the Himalayan Foot
Q46. The first Indian Satellite for serving the educational sector is
(A) SATEDU (B) INSAT – B
(C) EDUSAT (D) INSAT – C
GSAT-3, also known as EDUSAT, was a communications satellite which was
launched on 20 September 2004 by the Indian Space Research Organisation.
EDUSAT is the first Indian satellite built exclusively to serve the educational
sector. It is mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellitebased
distance education system for the country.
Q47. Exclusive educational channel of IGNOU is known as:
(A) Gyan Darshan (B) Cyan Vani
(C) Door Darshan (D) Prasar Bharati
Indian DD Gyandarshan is an educational television channel that relays
programmes from various Doordarshan Kendras in different Languages. The
Educational television channel is organized and administered by NCERT,
IGNOU and the National Institute of Open Schools. Educational TV is one of
the priority areas for Doordarshan. Curriculum based programmes are
produced with active involvement of state educational administrators and
teachers and are telecast from Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. Satellite based
enrichment programmes for school children are produced by the State Institutes
of Educational Technology (SIET), in Marathi at Pune, Gujarati at Ahmedabad,
Oriya at Bhubaneshwar and Telugu at Hyderabad, which are broadcasted by
all transmitters in the concerned states. Hindi programmes are produced at
SIET at Delhi, Lucknow and Patna, which are relayed by all transmitters in
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal
Pradeshand Delhi.
Q48. The head quarter of Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi
Vishwavidyalaya is situated in:
(A) Sevagram (B) New Delhi
(C) Wardha (D) Ahmedabad
Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya is a Central
University located in Wardha, Maharashtra, India. It came into existence
through an Act of Parliament which received the assent of the President on
January 8, 1997. This is an act to establish and incorporate a teaching
University for the promotion and development of Hindi language and literature,
through teaching and research, with a view to enabling Hindi to achieve
greater functional efficiency and recognition as a major international language
and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Q49. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer
using the codes given below:
List-I List-II
(Institutes) (Locations)
(a) Central Institute of English (i) Chitrakoot
and Foreign Languages
(b) Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya (ii) Hyderabad
(c) Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (iii) New Delhi
(d) IGNOU (iv)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
The English and Foreign Languages University is a central university in India.
The main campus is located in Hyderabad, but it also operates campuses at
Lucknow, Shillong, and Malapuram. The Central University for Tibetan
Studies, originally called Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, is a
university institute founded in Sarnath, Varanasi, India in 1967, as an
autonomous organization under Union Ministry of Culture. The Indira Gandhi
National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a distance learning national
university located in IGNOU road, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, India.
Q50. The aim of vocationalization of education is:
(A) preparing students for a vocation along with knowledge
(B) converting liberal education into vocational education
(C) giving more importance to vocational than general education
(D) making liberal education job-oriented
Vocational education is concerned with the training on vocation. It is related to
productivity. Vocational education prepares individuals for jobs. It has
adequate employment potentialities. It helps in broadening of horizon. It leads
to dignity of labour. It is helpful in the maximum utilisation of the material
resources of the country. When vocational educational education is mixed with
general education it is called vocationlisation of education. Vocationalisation
of education is designed to introduce manual skills in general education.
Vocationalisation of education means training in some vocations at the
secondary, Higher Secondary level with general education.
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