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Capital North West & North Wales
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Welsh Hopes for Autumn Statement
The Welsh Finance Secretary says he'll be watching today's Autumn statement closely and that he wants to see a move away from austerity.
Mark Drakeford says:"We want to see progress on the city deal for Swansea and the growth deal for North Wales. We make the case again for the devolution of airport duties, and as well to press again the abolition of tolls for the Severn Bridge."
"If you're trying to invest in long-term projects; the metro for South Wales, a metro for North Wales, the absolutely standard way of investing that in the public sector is to borrow money which you pay back over the long-term."
The Chancellor's going to focus on what the government's calling JAMs - people who are 'just about managing' - in his mini-budget later.
The national living wage is expected to rise to £7.50 an hour
Philip Hammond's also expected to announce a ban on letting agent fees for renters - with landlords paying them instead.
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Connection between spatial, temporal, and spacetime curvature?
There is an innumerable quantity of questions and answers on this site about spatial, spacetime, and temporal curvature. None of these answer my question.
Unfortunately, many use the terms in different, sometimes confusing ways, that make it unclear what we exactly mean by our universe's spatial curvature, spacetime curvature, and temporal curvature.
Our universe has spacetime curvature, so the spacetime version of the Pythagorean theorem doesn't hold. Our universe does not have a Minkowski metric. But our universe does not appear to have any measurable spatial curvature, so in only the three spatial dimensions the Pythagorean theorem does hold.
Curved spacetime and geodesics
Very nice explanation.
You need to be cautious about treating a time curvature and spatial curvature separately because this split is not observer-independent. and the answer is that at least two principal curvatures must be non-zero. So you cannot find a geometry/coordinate system where the curvature is only in the time coordinate.
How do spatial curvature and temporal curvature differ?
Now, this is where it gets a little confusing. Our universe has no spatial curvature. But our spacetime does. So the curvature must be in the temporal dimension? But this says we cannot find a coordinate system where the curvature is only in the temporal dimension. So the connection between the statement that our universe and our spacetime is curved, and that there is no spatial curvature, is not trivial.
Our spacetime has intrinsic curvature. But it is not in the spatial dimensions (there is no spatial curvature), so it has to manifest in the temporal dimension?
Just to clarify, one of the answers specifically says our universe does not have spatial curvature (talks about spatial curvature separately), and the other answer talks about possible existing temporal curvature (mentioning that you have to be cautious to treat spatial and temporal curvature separately), but then they both talk about spacetime curvature.
I am looking for a connection between the spatial, temporal, and spacetime curvature.
What is the connection between spatial, temporal, and spacetime curvature?
general-relativity cosmology gravity spacetime curvature
Deschele Schilder
$\begingroup$ I consider the phrase "temporal curvature" to be nonsense. There is only one time dimension, and one-dimensional (sub)spaces don't have Riemannian curvature. $\endgroup$
– G. Smith
$\begingroup$ You should explain if you have had any exposure to Riemannian geometry so that someone knows what kind of answer to write. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ @G.Smith thank you yes, any answer including Riemannian geometry is fine. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ @ACuriousMind " But our universe does not appear to have any measurable spatial curvature", this is what the answer says here: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/527044/… $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ @ACuriousMind this is why the two answers together are a little bit confusing. One says, and talks about explicitly spatial curvature in our universe (to be zero), and the other one says spatial and temporal shouldn't be treated separately (like you say), but then it talks about temporal curvature. But I will edit to include this. $\endgroup$
I think the essential problem lies in the difference between the mathematical meaning of curvature, and the way in which we actually describe a manifold, or a curved space (or spacetime).
Although we describe the universe as having spacetime curvature (which is mathematically true), curvature refers to the Riemann curvature tensor, which is a rank-4 tensor, meaning that it has $4^4 =256$ components, of which (due to various symmetries) $20$ are independent. This is far too cumbersome for even mathematicians to think about, but what is certainly true is that you cannot separate it nicely into space curvature and time curvature. As @G.Smith says in comments, "temporal curvature" does not make any sense. Time is a single dimension, and a one-dimensional subspace does not have any Riemannian curvature.
In other words, we use the mathematics of curved spacetime, but we don't actually describe anything directly in terms of Riemannian curvature. We do write Einstein's equation for gravity using the Einstein curvature tensor (or Ricci) but since this is zero except in the presence of mass-energy (the source of gravity), it does not directly tell us about the geometry of spacetime; to know that we have to solve Einstein's equation.
When we do solve Einstein's equation, we do not find curvature as such. Instead we find the metric. The metric is much easier to think about than curvature (we can write down a formula from which we could calculate curvature given the metric, but actually we never bother with that horrible calculation).
Rather than think about curvature, we think about scaling distortions in maps. In other words, we choose a coordinate system, and think about how actual or proper quantities appear in those coordinates. Proper quantities are the physical properties which would be measured by an observer moving with the object being measured.
We can compare this to scaling distortions in maps of the surface of the Earth. Any number of different maps are possible. The metric for the map tells us how to compare apparent distances on the map to actual distances as measured by someone on the ground.
So, rather than talk of curvature, talk of scaling distortions in maps. Then your question makes sense. For example, we cannot directly measure scaling distortions in Euclidean geometry in the region of the Earth, because they are too small. But we can, and do, measure scaling distortions in time. Clocks on GPS satellites measure the same unit of time as identical clocks on Earth. They measure exactly one second per second (as required by the general principle of relativity). But they appear on Earth to run at a different rate, because of the scaling distortion in the map used to describe them. Indeed, we can explain Newtonian gravity completely in terms of the scaling distortion of the time component, the scaling distortions of the space components being too small to have any impact.
Charles FrancisCharles Francis
$\begingroup$ You seem to be saying that by "the universe is spatially flat" we just mean that the spatial components of the curvature are too small to measure. That's not correct. A cosmology can be spatially curved even if all components of the Riemann curvature of spacetime are exactly zero (see the toy examples in my answer), and a critical-density FLRW cosmology without local perturbations is exactly, not just approximately, spatially flat. It comes down to the definition of "spatial curvature" which is not straightforwardly related to the spacetime curvature. $\endgroup$
– benrg
$\begingroup$ @benrg, No, I am not saying that. I am simply skating over the point because the answer is complicated enough already at the level at which I think it is required. $\endgroup$
– Charles Francis
The spacetime metric of a spatially-flat Friedmann universe — like ours seems to be, on the largest scales — is
$$ds^2=-dt^2+a(t)^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)$$
where the function $a(t)$ is the Friedmann scale factor describing the expansion of space as a function of cosmological time $t$.
You can calculate its 4D Riemann curvature tensor $R_{\mu\nu\lambda\kappa}$ and find that it has various nonzero components involving the first and second time derivatives of $a(t)$. (Even some components where all four indices are spatial are nonzero!) This is an example of spacetime curvature.
Now take a spacelike slice through this spacetime at some constant cosmological time $t_0$.
The metric of this 3D space is
$$ds^2=a(t_0)^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)$$
where the prefactor $a(t_0)^2$ is just some constant that could be absorbed into the coordinates to rescale them.
You can calculate its 3D Riemann curvature tensor and find that every component is zero. (This should be obvious, because it's just a Euclidean metric.) This is an example of spatial flatness, or zero spatial curvature.
Temporal curvature doesn't exist because there is only one time dimension and one-dimensional (sub)spaces always have zero Riemannian curvature.
G. SmithG. Smith
$\begingroup$ Thank you this is a very very interesting answer. I get that the curvature itself is what we call is determined by not one, but many components of the metric, and as I understand more then one component needs to be nonzero to talk about curvature. This is fulfilled in 4D, but not in 3D. But we cannot simply say that the curvature enters because of the temporal component, because there is no such thing as one dimensional subspace curvature. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Good question is what I do not understand how exactly the addition (or the existence) of the 4th dimention (temporal) causes the metric to have more then one nonzero curvature component. I guess somehow the temporal dimension is different from the spatial ones, and the combination of spatial and temporal dimensions causes this curvature. I am not sure if we could say the curvature manifests in the (because of) temporal dimension? $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Even if only one component of the Riemann tensor were nonzero (actually, because of symmetries there would have to be at least four) we would say the manifold was curved. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ The existence of the temporal dimension does not ensure curvature. Minkowski spacetime has zero curvature. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ To have curvature, you have to have a metric that can't be made "Pythagorean" (in whatever number of dimensions) by any coordinate transformation. In this case, the function $a(t)$ is the non-Pythagorean thing. $\endgroup$
The notion of "spatial curvature" only makes sense when the spacetime geometry is symmetric enough that there is a natural/preferred foliation of it into spacelike slices. You can then talk about the intrinsic curvature of those slices.
The easiest way to understand why the curvatures can be different is to look at a toy cosmological model, like the "expanding balloon" picture: 3D Euclidean space, with time being distance to the origin. The locus of space"time" points with a given time coordinate in this model is a 2D space of constant positive curvature, but the 3D background space"time" has zero curvature.
A slightly more realistic toy model is the analogous one in 3+1D Minkowski space: the interior of the future light cone of the origin, with time being the (timelike) distance to the origin. The locus of points with a given time coordinate is a 3D space of constant negative curvature. This model is in fact the zero-energy-density or zero-$G$ limit of any expanding FLRW cosmology. As you add energy density, or add gravity, the spacetime becomes positively curved. The spatial slices get an increasing curvature, which reaches zero at the critical density, and is positive at higher densities. The FLRW time coordinate is analogous to the radial coordinate of a polar coordinate system on a curved surface, like the surface of the earth, which is of course where the name "polar" came from. The time coordinate is the latitude, and the position coordinates are the longitude.
benrgbenrg
$\begingroup$ Thank you so much! $\endgroup$
I would add to all of the answers before mine some "food for thought". I would try to show you a visual example of a Riemanian two-manifold (i.e. a regular surface and not exactly a Lorenzian space-time surface), which is a negatively curved surface but has a whole family (in fact two families) that are straight lines.
Take a look at the one-sheeted hyperboloid. It has two families of straight lines on it (the terminology is "it has two transverse foliations of straight lines"). As we know, straight lines are as Euclidean as they come, straight in every sense, be that intrinsic or even extrinsic, as embedded spaces in the hyperboloid as well as in three space. Another term here is "the hyperboloid is a ruled surface". Nevertheless, the hyperboloid, as a two-dimensional manifold is negatively curved. And although on the hyperboloid at every point there are exactly two directions that are straight (flat, Euclidean), the total surface is nevertheless negatively curved!
If you now think of the one-sheeted hyperboloid embedded not in regular Euclidean three space, but in the two plus one Minkowski space, you get a model of one plus one deSitter space which is a type of non-flat spacetime.
FuturologistFuturologist
$\begingroup$ Thank you do much! $\endgroup$
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged general-relativity cosmology gravity spacetime curvature or ask your own question.
Curvature of Spacetime
Is my diagram of spacetime curvature valid (relatively)?
How could we know that the relativistic curvature of universe is intrinsic?
Spatial and temporal dimensions orthogonality
Positive local spatial curvature of the universe implies that the universe is compact (i.e. finite)?
Why does GTR not need a higher dimension to describe the bending of spacetime?
Does vacuum spacetime have an inherent curvature?


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publication date: Sunday, October 13, 2019 (part of Fall 2019)
clue: She had an invincible run of hits about being shot on a battlefield and being fired up to break hearts.
explanation: Benatar's hits include "Invincible," "Hit Me with Your Best Shot," "Love is a Battlefield," "All Fired Up," and "Heartbreaker." more…
difficulty: very easy
solved by: Russ Wilhelm, Steve West, LaVonne Lemler, Samir Mehta, Chris Lemler, Richard Slominsky, Matthew Preston, and Erik Bates
This former member of Destiny's Child starred in Chicago on Broadway, not in Brokeback Mountain. Go »
This Queens native declared himself public enemy #1 in the 1980s for bringing the noise and calling 911 a joke. Go »
Hey, Margaret. Don't go streaking at vacation bible school. Go »
This Vine star wrote himself into the record books with a #1 hit album before his 18th birthday. Go »
Despite the no-no of quitting his famous former band, he still has as many fans as the stars in the sky. Go »
John McCrea
Devil's Food, Coffee, Birthday, Tres Leches... like chocolate icing left out to dry, his distinctive voice coats the band's six (and counting!) studio albums. Go »
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18 perfect rounds
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Aaron Fischer
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Home » Features » Features » Superior General Quoted in National Ecumenical Review
Superior General Quoted in National Ecumenical Review
Mission-Unity-Dialogue
By Fr. Harry Winter, OMI, Originally Published in March/April 2021 "Ecumenical Trends"
From September 1 to October 4, the world's 2.2 billion Christians observed the Season of Creation, as part of the fifth anniversary of Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato Si'. Yet many Roman Catholics have hardly heard of this ecumenical and liturgical venture.
In its August 28, 2020 edition, the Boston Globe carried an Associated Press item stating that, on August 27, "Two authoritative religious bodies called on Christians to band together to fight 'sins laid bare or aggravated by the pandemic, including racism and economic injustice'" (A3). For me, it is very surprising that the item did not call attention to the full title of the joint statement from the Vatican and the World Council of Churches (WCC): "Serving a Wounded World in Interreligious Solidarity."1
When one juxtaposes the ten-year proposed future of the Season of Creation and the recent document "Serving a Wounded World in Interreligious Society," we see a remarkable convergence of Christianity's outreach and inner up-building. But this convergence also raises some troubling questions, which can be examined by first looking at the statement "Serving a Wounded World," and subsequently at the "Season of Creation."
Serving a Wounded World in Interreligious Solidarity
When Pope Francis and the Grand Iman of Al-Azhar, Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, published their "Document on Human Fraternity," during the pope's visit to the United Arab Emirates (February 3-5, 2019), they stated: "The pluralism and the diversity of religions, color, sex, race and language are willed by God in His wisdom."2 Yet there was an immediate criticism by Roman Catholic Bishop Athanasius Schneider: "Christianity is the only God-willed religion."3 Many evangelical Protestant and some charismatic Catholics would probably agree with Bishop Schneider. The editors of the national Jesuit magazine America wrote in their Spring 2019 literary issue: "The theological tension within the Catholic double tension to evangelization on the one hand, and dialogue [with world religions] on the other, remains unsolved for most writers (25).
Although it does not go quite so far as the "Document on Human Fraternity," "Serving a Wounded World" continues its remarkable progress about the positive value of the World's great religions–even as it has been met with similar criticism from both Catholics and Protestants. It is significant, for instance, that the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) did not sign on to the statement (as it had for the 2011 statement by the Vatican and WCC "Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World"),4 even though WEA had joined in a creative effort with Humanitarian Islam in April 2020, "undertaking an ambitious joint effort to reshape how the world thinks about religion and to counter the threats of religious extremism and secular extremism."5
In my "Commentary on the Statement 'Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World,'" which Ecumenical Trends published in 2017, I noted the almost total silence in the Roman Catholic World about "Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World", in spite of the earlier document's success in bringing together Witness, Unity, Dialogue, Justice-Peace-Integrity of Creation and Spirtuality.6 "Serving a Wounded World" integrates these domains even more comprehensively and simply; it is written in easily understood language and its format can be reproduced simply and attractively. Did its authors feel that the 2011 "Christian Witness" statement was not presented in an understandable way? The style of "Serving a Wounded World" is simpler than any Catholic document I have read. Jesus' parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:24-37) is used repeatedly in the statement (as it anchors Pope Francis' most recent encyclical Fratelli Tutti), and the role of the Holy Spirit comes out loud and strong.
The authors speak of "a world wounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, and by the scourge of religious intolerance, discrimination, racism, economic and ecological injustice and many other sins." For many religious communities, this comes especially under the heading of JPIC: Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation. But the authors quickly observe "We rejoice that Christians, as well of people of all faiths and goodwill, are collaborating to construct a culture of compassion."5 So this remarkable consensus statement wants at the same time to evangelize, without proselytism, and to respect other religions.
My inquiry about why the WEA did not sign on to "Serving a Wounded World" has gone unanswered.6 But on April 21, 2020, the editor of one of the leading missiology journals noted "Leaders of two of the world's largest religious organizations, the World Evangelical Alliance and Humanitarian Islam, announced that they are 'undertaking an ambitious joint effort to reshape how the world thinks about religion and to counter the threats of religious extremism and secular extremism'." Also mentioned was the existence of "Communio Messianica, a church whose members are first generation Christians from Muslim backgrounds."7
The Protestant evangelical outreach to Islam now seeks not only to witness to, but to work with, an interesting development which is uneven across Protestant evangelicalism. The twenty pages of text are almost half pages in size, with at least one blank page and several with only seven or fewer lines of text. Its seven Recommendations (18-19) are urgent, and should be used in every seminary, every Religious Formation program, frequently in homilies, and in every meeting with members of other religions and people of good will. This is an essential statement for any Christian.
(L-R) Fr. William Antone, OMI, Sr. Denise Roche, GNSH, Sup. General Louis Lougen, OMI, Fr. Anthony Rigoli, OMI. Sr. Denise was named an Honorary Oblate
Season of Creation 2020
Patriarch Demetrios of Constantinople began a Day of Prayer for Creation for the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1989. It was embraced by other major Christian European Churches in 2001, and by Pope Francis for the Roman Catholic Church in 2015. The steering committee includes both the World Evangelical Alliance and the Lausanne Creation Care Network, from Evangelical Protestantism, in addition to Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and main-line Protestant groups.8
When the superior general of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate sent out a request on August 22, 2020, for all members of the Oblate Family, both religious and laity, to observe the Season of Creation, along with "all our Friends and People of Good Will," he emphasized that "The cry of the poor and the destruction of the environment go hand-in-hand." He also explained that he was not calling us to become "environmental watchdogs," but rather that "At the heart of our mission to evangelize is the call to conversion, accepting the Good News of Jesus."9
The Season of Creation instructions stress that each country and each culture differs widely in its concern for the devastation humans have wrought on our planet. Yet, observing the Sundays of the Season of Creation from September 1 to October 4, would mean at least that all Christian parishes would be listening to the same three Bible readings from the lectionary developed by the Second Vatican Council and later adapted by Protestant Churches as the Revised Common Lectionary. The basic similarity of these two lectionaries has been called one of the ecumenical marvels resulting from the Second Vatican Council.10 It would be a great ecumenical and evangelical advance if all Christians were listening to the same Scripture readings over the three year lectionary period.
But the postings on the internet for the Season of Creation are numerous, and some give three different Scripture readings. So too the Collect, Prayer over the Gifts, and Post Communion prayers differ widely. Remember the anger in the Latin Church over the new translation of our Collects in the third edition of the Roman Missal, November 27, 2011? This anger was partly due to the perception that the older Collects had more beauty, whereas the 2011 edition seemed to be stricter and too rigid. Now we face the opposite pole of the tension between unity and diversity; there is, perhaps, such a thing as too much variety and too much adaptation.
It is worth noting that Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato Si' is a very prominent part of the Season of Creation materials; a ten-year project has been sketched for the use of this encyclical in the Catholic Church and in ecumenical endeavors. Now, halfway through this period, the pope has released a new encyclical, Fratelli Tutti, which "narrows the ecological scope of Laudato Si' onto profound and pressing challenges of economic justice and interreligious peacebuilding."11 Indeed, before the onset of the novel corona virus pandemic, Pope Francis had planned to meet at Assisi on October 4, 2020 (the Feast of St. Francis) with young people from all over the world, to share ideas about how they might give a soul to the economy of tomorrow.
If we want to understand Fratelli Tutti in light of the broader ecumenical, interreligious and ecological challenges we face, it is invaluable to consider the Christmas Greetings given by Pope Francis to the Curia on Dec. 21, 2020. In this Christmas message, the pope explained how it was due to the COVID-19 crisis "at that difficult time that I was able to write Fratelli Tutti." He then elaborated the Biblical concept of "crisis," culminating in Jesus on the Cross and then extended in the Church. "Those who fail to view a crisis in the light of the Gospel simply perform an autopsy on a cadaver. They see the crisis, but not the hope and the light brought by the Gospel. …We have forgotten that the Gospel is the first to put us in crisis." "Finally, the pope continued, "I would urge you not to confuse crisis with conflict. They are two different things. Crisis generally has a positive outcome, whereas conflict always creates discord and competition." He believes that the Church is "a body in continual crisis, precisely because she is alive."12
We are indeed entering a new time, a time of fruitful crisis if we follow Pope Francis' insights. The Holy Spirit is pulling us–perhaps dragging some of us–toward seeing all Christians as brothers and sisters in Christ, and all peoples as somehow related to Him and His Church. Or, as "Serving a Wounded World" puts it: "we as Christians can become partners in solidarity with all people of faith and good will" (8). Within Christianity, we are realizing that no one church has all the resources to do Christ's will. Every denomination has something specific from which others can learn and grow. Likewise, members of every religion are slowly growing aware that we must urgently work together and learn from one another's perspectives if we are to lessen our common planet's devastation, amid the surging economic and social injustices that we dare not tolerate or excuse. And although Fratelli Tutti may not seem to extend this recognition beyond communities of faith entirely, it is important to remember a crucial detail of the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10)25-37), used by Pope Francis to anchor the encyclical: "One detail about the passers-by does stand out . . . not [to] be overlooked." The priest and the Levite "were religious, devoted to the worship of God. …Paradoxically, those who claim to be unbelievers can sometimes put God's will into practice better than believers."13
Our differing Christian churches and broader communities have differing approaches to the importance of the wounded world we now face. These differences are both enriching and disturbing. The month of January 2021, for example, saw two deeply divisive events. The refusal of conservatives to disavow the breaching of the US Capitol by conservative-fundamentalists on January 6, and the refusal of liberals to disown those advocating partial birth abortion, as we observed following the Roe vs. Wade anniversary in late January, both illustrated the difficulty for moderate liberals and moderate conservatives to isolate extremists. And yet, as the authors of "Serving a Wounded World" state: "We are called to learn from each other in this time of crisis. We should also be open to what God can teach us through those from whom we least expect to learn anything (cf. Acts 11:1-18)" (15). Is it not reasonable to hope that fundamentalists in every community are being pushed by the coronavirus into mundane but potentially fruitful contact with moderates?14 What might be possible when we help our neighbors–with whom we may vehemently disagree–not only with gifts of food or trips to the doctor, but with prayers and a listening ear?
At the end of his Christmas Greetings, Pope Francis asked the Curia to "continue to pray for me, so that I can have the courage to remain in crisis" (10). Dare we also pray with the pope to remain in crisis? If we continue to reflect on the statement "Serving a Wounded World," and work to increase the vitality of the Season of Creation, we will indeed be able to continue in a state of crisis.
Father Harry E. Winter, OMI, is the Coordinator of the Ministry of Mission, Unity and Dialogue for the USA Province of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. He ministers from the Immaculate Heart of Mary Residence, 486 Chandler St., Tewksbury, MA, 01876, hewomi@aol.com.
Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and the World Council of Churches, "Serving a Wounded World in Interreligious Solidarity": https://www.oikoumene.org/sites/default/files/Document/ServingWoundedWorld.pdf; accessed 7 January 2021.
Pope Francis and Ahmad All-Tayyeb, "Human Fraternity": http://www.vatica.va/content/francesco/en/travels/2019/outside/documents/papa-francesco_20190204_documento-fratellanza-umana.html; accessed 28 February 2019.
Bishop Athanasius Schneider on Pope Francis Statement: http://www.pagadiandiocese.org/2019/02/08/bishop-athanasius-schneider-on-pope-francis-statement-with-muslims-christianity-is-the-only-god-willed religion/; accessed 31 August 2010.
My inquiry about why the WEA did not sign on to "Serving a Wounded World" (email to the Bishops Committee on Ecumenism and Interreligious Affairs, US Catholic Bishops Conference, 5 September 2020) has gone unanswered.
Thomas John Hastings, "Noteworthy," International Bulletin of Mission Research 44.4 (2020), 411. Also mentioned is the existence of "Communio Messianica," a church whose members are first generation Christians from Muslim backgrounds."
6, Harry E. Winter, OMI, "Commentary on the Statement 'Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World," Ecumenical Trends 46.9 (2017:10-11). The document itself is included on 12-13, 15. See also the2019 statement by the Vatican and WCC (without WEA): "Education for Peace in a Multi-Religious World, A Christian Perspective."
"Serving a Wounded World," 5, 7
"About the Season of Creation": www.seasonofcreation.org; accessed 16 September, 2016.
Most Rev. Louis Lougen, OMI, "A Wake-Up Call to Get Involved," (Aug. 22, 2020): available at wwwomiworld.org, "Leadership, Superior General Writings"; accessed 16 September, 2020.
Harry E. Winter, O.M.I., "Presbyterians Pioneer the Vatican II Sunday Lectionary," Journal of Ecumenical Studies 38. 2-3 (2001): 127-50; see also the Presbyterian Call to Worship 38. 1 (2004-2005): 37-54.
Aaron Hollander, "Homeward Bound: Ecology and Ecumenicity from Laudato Si' to Fratelli Tutti," Ecumenical Trends 50.2 (2021), 2.
Pope Francis, "Christmas Greetings to the Roman Curia," 21 December 2020, 4-7.
Pope Francis, "Fratelli Tutti," 74, Chapter 2, 56-86 is entirely devoted to the parable.
For my thorough examination of the differences between Catholic, Evangelical/Charismatic, Neo-Orthodox/Vatican II, Fundamentalist and Liberal perspectives, see Dividing or Strengthening? Five Ways of Christianity (available at http://www.harrywinter.org/Divide-Strengthening.htm; accessed 7 January 2021). For more on the corona virus and fundamentalists, see Harry E. Winter, OMI, "Corona Virus, Missionaries and Fundamentalism," Occasional Papers on Mission (June 2020), available at http://www.harrywinter.org; also on US Catholic Mission Association website, "Occasional Papers.d"


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Home USA Politics Kwame Kilpatrick Will Be Sentenced to One Day in Jail
Kwame Kilpatrick Will Be Sentenced to One Day in Jail
Garrett Godwin
Thu August 7, 2008
Kwame Kilpatrick was ordered to jail by a judge today for violating his bond terms of his perjury case when he took a city business trip to Canada without informing the court. The Detroit mayor made the trip last month without telling the court ahead of time. Despite Kilpatrick's apology for "living in an incredible state of pressure and scrutiny" over the last seven months, both the county prosecutor's office and District Court Judge Ronald Giles have come to the conclusion that Kwame should be accountable and not get any special treatment.
"What matters to me though is how the court overall is perceived and how if it was not Kwame Kilpatrick sitting in that seat," Giles answers, "if it was John Six-Pack sitting in that seat, what would I do? And that answer is simple."
Kilpatrick is on trial for lying under oath in a civil case and is charged with eight counts that includes perjury, misconduct, and obstruction of justice. He denied ever having an affair with former Chief of Staff Christine Beatty in 2002 and 2003. However, sexually explicit messages between the two was published from the Detroit Free Press this January — contradicting their statements.
According to mayoral spokeswoman, Denise Tolliver, Kilpatrick's chief of staff, Kandia Milton, will be in charge of the Motor City while Kwame spends the night in jail. Kilpatrick gave his rights to a preliminary hearing earlier today, and will go to court on perjury and several more charges. The criminal case will now reside at the Wayne County Circuit Court for trial. If found guilty and convicted, Kwame could be sentenced for up to 15 years.
Kwame Kilpatrick
Garrett Godwin is an entertainment journalist, who writes for NewsBlaze about television and people in the entertainment industry, from his home state of Michigan. Contact Garrett by writing to NewsBlaze.


"I graduated from the private establishment known as Northwestern University with a B.S. in English: emphasis on Creative Writing. I minored in Journalism and worked as a Grant Writer for a year, volunteered with an ESL tutoring program at church and now I am looking to put my excellent tutoring capabilities to their fullest potential. I am knowledgeable of all grammar rules and I love spelling. My irregular attention to detail regularly helps in both of these areas. I prefer tutoring adults "


text:
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Get lucky.
February 28, 2014, 1:25 pm
Filed under: Connections, Failure, General Musings, Marketing, MetaFilter, Music, NPR, Publishing, Science Fiction, Society, Writing stuff | Tags: Alix Spiegel, blogging, Charlie Stross, direct publishing, Emily Gould, jim downey, Lefty Gomez, luck, marketing, Matthew Salganik, MetaFilter, music, NPR, publishing, Science Fiction, success, writing
"I'd rather be lucky than good." — Lefty Gomez
In a fairly soul-baring piece by Emily Gould about the reality of struggling to be an ostensibly 'successful' writer, this should give even the most optimistic person pause:
In 2008 I sold a book-in-progress for $200,000 ($170,000 after commission, to be paid in four installments), which still seems to me like a lot of money. At the time, though, it seemed infinite. The resulting book—a "paperback original," as they're called—has sold around 8,000 copies, which is about a fifth of what it needed to sell not to be considered a flop. This essentially guarantees that no one will ever pay me that kind of money to write a book again.
In a discussion over on MetaFilter, successful Science Fiction author Charlie Stross had some thoughts on the above-cited essay. Here's an excerpt from his comment:
In 2001 I had a gigantic stroke of good luck: I acquired a [good] literary agent and sold my first novel. It was about the tenth novel or novel-shaped-thing I'd written since 1990, on my own time. The advance was, eventually, $15,000 for US rights (a good first book advance in SF/F) and £3500 for UK rights. Note that a new novelist can't get follow-on book contracts until their first book has proven itself in print — to justify the advance money the new contract will cost the publisher — so I had to keep up the freelance journalism for a few more years.
"A gigantic stroke of good luck."
But Stross is a good writer, right? I mean, doesn't he deserve his success and popularity? The meritocracy of the marketplace and all that?
Perhaps. From an NPR story the other day:
Several years ago, Princeton professor Matthew Salganik started thinking about success, specifically about how much of success should be attributed to the inherent qualities of the successful thing itself, and how much was just chance. For some essentially random reason, a group of people decided that the thing in question was really good and their attention attracted more attention until there was a herd of people who believed that it was special mostly because all the other people believed that it was, but the successful thing wasn't in fact that special.
Salganik came up with a clever experiment, one which allowed a large number of teenagers (30,000) access to several dozen songs by promising but as yet unsigned bands. The way the experiment ran created 9 different iterations of 'reality', to see whether the same song would become the most popular one in each test run. They didn't. In fact, the results were wildly divergent:
"For example, we had this song 'Lock Down' by the band 52 Metro," Salganik says. "In one world this song came in first; in another world it came in 40th out of 48th. And this was exactly the same song. It's just in these different worlds, history evolved slightly different. There were differences in the beginnings, and then the process of social influence and cumulative advantage sort of magnified those small, random initial differences."
Now obviously there are many different things that have an impact on success and failure — money, race and a laundry list of other things — and after this work, which one person in the field described as a seminal paper, Salganik went on to do similar studies with parallel worlds that suggest that quality does have at least a limited role. It is hard to make things of very poor quality succeed — though after you meet a basic standard of quality, what becomes a huge hit and what doesn't is essentially a matter of chance.
Another comment a little after Stross's in that MeFi discussion offered a different perspective that's worth considering:
Emily Gould's example is crucial because she is the primary example of a writer who had succeeded. She did everything she was supposed to do: came to NYC, produced a ton of successful content for a big brand website, then continued on her own to create a huge internet presence, and then branched out into conventional media (the NYT piece) and eventually a six-figure book deal. If you think of the thousands of writers who are racking up credit card debt writing for free or almost on free all those websites we read every day, they are trying to become Emily Gould. Regardless of what they might think of her work itself, that's the approximate career path they're trying to follow.
So when people are glibly like, "Oh, she lived in a one-bedroom apartment in Brooklyn, there's your problem," what they're saying is: the pinnacle of this career is one in which you will never be able to afford to live on your own, never mind have kids or financial stability or even a regular writing paycheck, the end. And that should really give us pause.
Because, sure, you can say "She should never have come to New York, she should always have kept a full time job in a different profession, etc. etc." But to work for Gawker, she had to come to New York. To gain the kind of name recognition she has, she had to work full time posting and networking and Tweeting and, basically, working for free. And when her book failed, it didn't fail because it was "bad" – because she wrote, in the book, the exact same way she wrote online. For better or for worse, that was what people liked. The real, applicable lesson is that the book failed because the people who read her stuff online didn't care enough to pay for it in print.
I used to think that this was wrong. In fact I was quite confident that my intelligence, hard work, and focus could overcome any barrier. And there's absolutely nothing wrong with any of those things.
But I've seen too much life to still believe that. Yeah, I'd rather be lucky than good.
Back to work.
Jim Downey
Eat the rich. Literally.
February 27, 2014, 10:50 am
Filed under: Brave New World, Humor, movies, Paleo-Future, Predictions, Science, Science Fiction, Society | Tags: BiteLabs, blogging, Harry Harrison, humor, jim downey, movies, predictions, science, Science Fiction, Soylent Green, technology
Now comes the perfect commoditization of celebrity:
"BiteLabs grows meat from celebrity tissue samples and uses it to make artisanal salami." So proclaims the copy on BiteLabs.org, right under an all-caps call to action: EAT CELEBRITY MEAT. The site proposes taking actual tissue samples of celebrities—specifically, James Franco, Kanye West, Jennifer Lawrence, and Ellen DeGeneres—and growing their cloned meat for use in a marketable salami blend.
"The product is indeed salami," Kevin says. "Each salami will have roughly 30% celebrity meat and 40% lab-grown animal meats (we're currently looking into ostrich and venison but it pork and beef are more popular in our early research). The rest will consist of fats and spices. This break-down comes from consultation with expert food designers and chefs."
Admittedly, I have an … odd … sense of humor, but for the life of me I can't figure out whether this is funnier if it is satire or if it is real.
Welcome to the future, though it's a bit different than what we expected.
For What It's Worth.
Filed under: Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Brave New World, Civil Rights, Connections, Constitution, Expert systems, General Musings, Government, movies, Music, Philip K. Dick, Predictions, Privacy, Science Fiction, tech, Violence, YouTube | Tags: augmented reality, Buffalo Springfield, civil liberties, Constitution, jim downey, movies, music, Philip K. Dick, predictions, Science Fiction, technology, The Minority Report, The Verge, video, www youtube
But what it is ain't exactly clear
Telling me I got to beware*
Minority Report, anyone?
When the Chicago Police Department sent one of its commanders to Robert McDaniel's home last summer, the 22-year-old high school dropout was surprised. Though he lived in a neighborhood well-known for bloodshed on its streets, he hadn't committed a crime or interacted with a police officer recently. And he didn't have a violent criminal record, nor any gun violations. In August, he incredulously told the Chicago Tribune, "I haven't done nothing that the next kid growing up hadn't done." Yet, there stood the female police commander at his front door with a stern message: if you commit any crimes, there will be major consequences. We're watching you.
What McDaniel didn't know was that he had been placed on the city's "heat list" — an index of the roughly 400 people in the city of Chicago supposedly most likely to be involved in violent crime. Inspired by a Yale sociologist's studies and compiled using an algorithm created by an engineer at the Illinois Institute of Technology, the heat list is just one example of the experiments the CPD is conducting as it attempts to push policing into the 21st century.
This may seem familiar.
Filed under: Connections, Faith healing, Science Fiction, Wales, Writing stuff | Tags: Barclodiad y Gawres, Communion of Dreams, jim downey, Science Fiction, St. Cybi's Well, Stonehenge, Wales, writing
As I've noted over on Facebook, sometimes it feels like I am writing a Dan Brown novel for people who actually know history and can think for themselves …
… anyway, here's an excerpt from the end of the latest chapter I thought might amuse:
"Yeah," said Darnell, nodding. "There were a couple of places where some standing stones had been set back into the walls. These looked like they were the same sort of stone as up at Barclodiad y Gawres, and they actually had similar markings on them. But the most curious thing was a larger standing stone in the very center of the room. This was more than a meter tall, and had a sort of bulb or sphere at the top."
"Phallic images were fairly common …" started Megan.
"Yeah, but this didn't really come across like that. It was more like a globe on a stand, with a very distinct spiral carved into it that started at the very top and coiled down to about where the equator would be."
"Yeah. it was a different kind of stone from everything else, too. I'm not sure, but it looked to me to be the same sort of bluestone used at Stonehenge."
"Really? That's wild," said Megan.
"Yeah, but the wildest part was that it felt almost … warm … to the touch. And when I did touch it, for a moment I almost thought I could hear someone talking, whispering in the distance."
Blows against the empire.*
Filed under: Amazon, Failure, Feedback, Kindle, Marketing, Music, Promotion, Publishing, Science Fiction, Writing stuff | Tags: Amazon, Communion of Dreams, direct publishing, feedback, free, Hugh Howey, Jefferson Starship, jim downey, Kickstarter, Kindle, music, promotion, Science Fiction, St. Cybi's Well, Wool, writing
Last week Hugh Howey, the very successful author of the Wool series, published The Report on his AuthorEarnings site which generated more than a little attention across the publishing/self-publishing world.
I'm not going to get into a real discussion of The Report here. I'm in no way qualified to criticize the data or analysis contained in Howey's post, and others have already done so with thoroughness. If you're interested whether or not Howey's post holds up to scrutiny, I'd recommend reading those.
Howey has had huge success, and seems to have managed that arc of success very well. By his own admission, he has been extremely fortunate with self-publishing, and his success is very much *not* what the vast majority of self-published authors will experience. But his success has made him something of an evangelist for self-publishing, and that is reflected in The Report. Hence the title of this blog post — Howey very much advocates self-publishing for authors at every level, and in using the power which self-publishing has to force changes in the traditional publishing industry to benefit authors.
While I actually largely agree with Howey about the benefits of self-publishing, I thought I would offer my own contrasting experience as a self-published genre author who has had only moderate success.
After years of 'close calls' in almost getting Communion of Dreams conventionally published (including what would have been a nightmare – losing the rights to the book when a small publisher went under), in January of 2012 I self-published it. Since then, some 27,000 copies of the book have been downloaded, and about 200 paperback copies have been sold.
Looks pretty good, right?
Well, 80% or more of those downloads were promotional. Which is to say, free. And in addition to the paperback copies sold, I gave away about as many.
No complaints from me — this is using the tools available through Amazon, and I knew what I was doing. But that necessarily means that I didn't earn any money off those books directly.
So in all of 2012, actual sales generated decent, but modest, income. Not enough to buy even an economy car new, but easily 3 or 4 times the advance that the Publisher Who Shall Not Be Named was going to give me. Then last year residual sales were less than $1000. If you add in my successful Kickstarter (after deducting expenses associated with that), all told I was able to stop doing most freelance writing last year and get to work on the next novel. Of course, while still trying to do enough book conservation work to stay afloat, and almost managing.
I consider this success. It's not Hugh Howey level success. It's not even 'mid-list authors a decade ago' level sucess. It isn't enough to live on.
But the first novel is out there, and has been well received. And I'm well on the way to having the next one out later this year.
Which is a hell of a lot better than banging my head against the gates of traditional publishing houses.
*Reference, for those who are wondering. I've been considering doing a series of blog posts getting into rock music with a SF theme, looking at the development of that sub-genre over time. I still have a lot on my plate with SCW, so it'll probably be a while, but if anyone wants to comment with suggested songs/albums/performers, feel free.
"…a carpet of shifting, building insects."
Filed under: Brave New World, Connections, Mars, NPR, Predictions, Science, Science Fiction, tech | Tags: blogging, Communion of Dreams, Hod Lipson, jim downey, Justin Werfel, Mars, microbots, NPR, predictions, robotics, science, Science Fiction, space, technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
From page 4 of Communion of Dreams:
They were, in essence, enclosing the entire planet in a greenhouse of glass fabric and golden plasteel. It was going to take generations to finish, even using mass microbots and fabricating the construction materials from the Martian sands. Tens of thousands of the specially programmed microbots, a few centimeters long and a couple wide, would swarm an area, a carpet of shifting, building insects. As each cell was finished, it was sealed, joined to the adjacent cells, and then the microbots would move on.
Those microbots play a big role in the novel, being a factor in the plot. More importantly, they are a basic part of the tech I envision for the book, accelerating our technological recovery on Earth as well as our venture into space.
Well, guess what was on the news last night:
Robot Construction Workers Take Their Cues From Termites
"We've created this system of multiple independent robots that build things we ask for," says [Justin] Werfel, "and they do it more like the way insects act than the way that robots normally act."
The robots don't look like termites. Instead, they look more like black, mechanical beetles, about 8 inches long. They have just a few on-board sensors that let them navigate around a work site set up in a lab.
"They build things that are much larger than themselves," says Werfel. "They climb on what they are … building to get to higher places, and they coordinate what they are doing using a tool that termites use.
"Rather than talk to one another directly, they coordinate indirectly by changing their shared environment," he explains. "So one puts down some material, another one comes along and reacts to that material, and uses that to help it decide later whether to put more material down."
The vision is that, someday, swarms of robots could stack up sandbags to protect against flooding, or go to Mars and build living quarters for astronauts. That's still a long way off. But this is a proof of principle study that construction robots can work together like termites, says Hod Lipson, an engineer at Cornell University who specializes in robotics.
I love it when stuff like this happens.
Pynchon, rephrased.*
Filed under: Writing stuff | Tags: Gravity's Rainbow, humor, jim downey, Science Fiction, St. Cybi's Well, Thomas Pynchon, writing
Huw reached down, picked up a glass, then held it up for Darnell to see. Then he turned to the sink in the counter behind him, turned a tap and filled the glass. Again he held it up for Darnell's consideration. "If I tell you that only the water that comes out of this tap is safe to drink, and I control the tap, then you have to ask me for water – on my terms. Then I control you."
"But what if you knew you could just step outside to the stream from the falls and drink that water?"
Darnell nodded. "Or if I had my own well."
"Or even," smiled Huw, "if you knew where there were other wells available for the free use of all."
"Understood. But if I don't know about the other wells or streams, or think that they're not safe to drink from …"
"Correct," said Huw. "I don't have to control all the water in order to control you. I just need to distract you from noticing that there are other sources."
The writing continues.
*A small homage to this: "If they can get you asking the wrong questions, they don't have to worry about the answers."


text:
Damian Lillard continues to impress at NBA Summer League
By Scott SchroederJul 20, 2012, 12:01 AM EDT
LAS VEGAS — Seven days in Las Vegas is a long time regardless of the occasion, but there are times that it has seemed particularly long this week as four games in a gym watching fringe NBA players play basketball can surprisingly take its toll on a guy. There are always a few moments that make it all worth it, though, and Thursday's performance from Damian Lillard did just that.
Lillard, the Portland Trail Blazers first round draft pick, has been pretty great all week … though he's somehow slid just a bit under the radar as the game this writer's been watching has taken place in the other gym. That all changed on Thursday in the Cox Pavilion, however, as the Weber State product didn't disappoint with yet another impressive performance.
Portland's new point guard entered the game averaging 26 points while shooting better than 41 percent from beyond the arc through his new team's first two games and followed that up with an impressive 31 points and seven assists while limiting himself to just three turnovers after committing seven the game prior. It's tough to tell how much Summer League performances matter, but Lillard's having one heck of an exhibition season.
The rest of Thursday's standouts are as follows:
Thomas Robinson got the best of Jared Sullinger as the Sacramento Kings beat the Boston Celtics, but since that's already been written about here, let's instead single out undrafted free agent Tony Mitchell. The Alabama alumnus scored 13 points off the bench in yet another solid effort as he continues to show that he can put the ball in the bucket at this level.
The Minnesota Timberwolves beat the Cleveland Cavaliers in large part thanks to the play of last year's No. 2 pick Derrick Williams, but Coby Karl's shooting was probably the more fun aspect to watch (no offense to Derrick's crazy drives to the bucket, of course). Karl, the son of George made six of his seven 3-point attempts en route to 18 points off the bench — and blocked a shot to boot.
Dionte Christmas led the Boston Celtics in scoring on Thursday and, although it happened in a loss, it was a good look for him as continues to be impressive in Summer League. The most surprising part is that his shot is still falling considering the Celtics completed their eight game since last Monday after previously competing in the Orlando Summer League.
Ed Davis continued to impress for the Toronto Raptors on Vegas as he helped his team pick up a close victory over the New York Knicks with 15 points, 11 rebounds and a pair of blocked shots while taking exactly what he was given — a facet most second-year players are struggling with here in Vegas. Aside from rookie Terrence Ross (2-for-8, five points), the whole Raptors team looked pretty good on the offensive end, but Chris Wright — formerly of the Golden State Warriors — stood out most with 15 points, six rebounds and the usual array of powerful dunks in transition.
Tobias Harris was good once again in Vegas with 21 points and 12 rebounds against the D-League Select team, but the well-built wing turned the ball over an unsightly seven times. Tarence Kinsey, former member of the Memphis Grizzlies, scored 14 points as he attempts to return to relevance — and took a solid step toward that with a nice defensive effort in extended minutes on Thursday.
The Los Angeles Lakers needed five games to get a win in Vegas, but at least it happened. The way it happened was quite intriguing, too, as Christian Eyenga scoring 22 points — quite a few on jump shots, no less — was not what Summer League fans expected. Julian Khazzouh wasn't bad either as the Australian big man scored 16 points and grabbed six rebounds as a pick-and-pop option alongside Robert Sacre.
Tyler Zeller came back to earth for the Cleveland Cavaliers with a 1-for-7 shooting performance after looking much better than that earlier in the week and, not surprisingly, it led to a Cleveland loss. Not all was bad for the Cavs, though, as Tristan Thompson scored 16 points on 7-of-10 shooting while a reformed Samardo Samuels had 14 points and added five assists.
It unfortunately came in a loss, but Adam Morrison was once again impressive for the Los Angeles Clippers on Thursday night. The former third overall pick hit his usual array of difficult shots on the way to 22 points as he tries to earn his way on to an NBA roster. Terrico White was good off the bench, too, finishing the game with 10 points and four rebounds.
The D-League Select Team fell behind early and simply couldn't recover, though it wasn't due to a lack of effort. Instead the team just couldn't convert on the offensive end. Kenny Hayes (15 points) and Leo Lyons (nine points, 10 rebounds) were bright spots, but it simply was not enough.
The Knicks' Summer League squad hasn't looked very good all week aside from Chris Copeland (who has already wrapped up a training camp invite) and, unfortunately, that was the case again on Thursday afternoon. Copeland, despite missing a crucial bucket late, scored a game-high 17 points while the rest of his team struggled … though new addition Sylven Landesberg was a pleasant surprise with 10 points and no turnovers after playing last season in Israel.
Mike Scott, the second round pick of the Atlanta Hawks, led an underwhelming effort for the Atlanta Hawks as they finished up their Summer League schedule with 14 points and seven rebounds.
More action continues on Friday with seven games slated to take place. Hopefully the excitement comes in more than just small spurts.


text:
Sprouts and Graph Theory
By Jennifer Newell / Coding Concepts Articles for Kids / October 2020 Issue
Image by MissMessie on Flickr
How can we apply the Konigsberg Bridge problem to real life and even make a game out of it? With Spouts of course!
In 1735 a famous mathematician by the name of Leonhard Euler solved a problem known as the Konigsberg Bridge problem. The general idea is that the city of Konigsberg has seven bridges connecting four pieces of land that are separated by a forked river passing through. The challenge is to determine whether or not it is possible to reach all four sections of land by passing over each bridge exactly one time.
The situation in Konigsberg looked something like this (bridges outlined in two shades of purple):
However, Euler redrew the problem using dots to represent the land, and edges to represent the bridges.
By abstracting the landscape into these two ideas that are key to the challenge at hand, he was able to prove that the number of bridges must be an even number in order to cross each bridge one time and reach all parts of Konigsberg. Thus, with seven bridges, it is not possible.
When Euler redrew the land and bridges of Konigsgberg, he created what is now known in graph theory as a "graph". In graph theory, graphs look more like Euler's graph than like the graphs we see in most math classes. They consist of nodes (dots or vertices) connected by edges (lines or curves) that represent the key parts of a problem.
By simplifying a situation down to nodes and edges, we can solve a range of problems, many of which are particularly valuable in computer science.
Take, for example, social media. One of the goals of many social media sites is to "connect" a person with a person or place that she might be interested in. Imagine a girl by the name of Samantha that has seven friends on a social media site such as Facebook. These sites try to connect people to other people that they may know or have interest in. They do this by giving friend recommendations. These recommended friends are people that Samantha is not connected with on Facebook, but with whom many of her Facebook friends are connected to. Facebook "thinks" that if several of Samantha's friends are all friends with a certain person, then perhaps Samantha might know this person also and want to become Facebook friends with her or him. This situation can be modeled with the following graph and pseudocode.
Pseudocode:
If a stranger is friends with more than two of Samantha's friends, suggest to Samantha that she becomes friends with that stranger. If the stranger is friends with two or less of Samantha's friends, do not suggest that Samantha become friends with that stranger.
Samantha would be asked if she would like to become friends with Stranger 1, but not with Stranger 2. Of course, this is not exactly how Facebook's algorithm reads, but it is likely somewhere along these lines.
Graph Theory Games
Analyzing graph theory can get complicated fairly quickly, but there are quite a few fun games that we can play that involve this branch of mathematics. One such game is called Sprouts. It was invented by John H. Conway and Michael S. Peterson both at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Possibly because it can be enjoyed by children on up through highly analytical adults, Sprouts quickly became a popular game.
What to give Sprouts a try? Grab a pencil, paper, and a friend. Draw as many dots as you like on the paper (between 3 and 6 is good for the first round). We will use four dots in our example:
The first player starts by connecting any two dots. She could also choose to draw a loop that starts and ends on the same dot. The two images below show valid moves.
The first player then makes a new dot somewhere toward the middle of the line/curve she just drew (it doesn't matter exactly where).
Now it is the other player's turn to connect two dots (or loop around one dot), and place a new dot toward the middle of the connecting line. Play continues as such, with just two rules:
A dot can never have more than three lines attached to it
Lines are never allowed to cross one another.
Here are possible moves for the next three plays:
The last person who is able to draw a line between dots without crossing another line or exceeding three lines attached to any one dot wins.
After continuing our example for quite a few rounds, we are left with the following situation in which there are no more possible plays.
When we play Sprouts, we are actually creating a graph. And just as graphs made from nodes and edges help software engineers analyze a problem, we can analyze our game. For example, we might wonder if it is possible to make a game of Sprouts continue on forever without an end.
To answer this think about a relatively small game of Sprouts that starts with two nodes.
Each node has the possibility of connecting to three edges.
But once we connect the two dots with one edge, we eliminate two of our six original moves.
Next we add a new node to our connection. This node is already connected to two nodes, so it has just one more connection left.
All in all, after our first move, we have eliminated two possible moves and added one new move, leaving a total of one less move than we started with. This continues as the game is played, with each move reducing the total possible number of moves by one. Since we start with a given number of possible connections and reduce that number by a total of one with each move, eventually the game must end. We can use similar approaches to figure out the most possible moves in a game, the least possible moves, and even whether the first or second player has an advantage.
Sprouts is one of many fun games that have a foundation in graph theory. Games such as Ticket to Ride, Settlers of Catan, Hex, and Sim (a pencil and paper game) can all be represented and analyzed using graph theory. Want to learn more? Take a look at some of the great sites linked below!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim_%28pencil_game%29
Downloadable Graph Theory Games
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/graph-theory-puzzles-and-games-12164908
http://pi.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/graphtheory/sprouts/howtoplaysprouts.html
https://open.ed.ac.uk/graph-theory-puzzles-and-games/
Graph Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQY4IfEcGvM
Graph Theory Applications
https://www.britannica.com/topic/graph-theory
Koenigsberg
https://medium.com/brandons-computer-science-notes/graph-theory-3bd99b24fa2a
Example of graph theory
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/i-dont-understand-graph-theory-1c96572a1401/
Beanz Konigsberg
https://www.kidscodecs.com/7-bridges-konigsberg/
Beanz Graph Theory
https://www.kidscodecs.com/graph-theory/
How to play Sprouts
https://www.gamesforyoungminds.com/blog/2019/9/26/sprouts
Jennifer Newell
Jennifer is a math teacher by training, with an interest in computer science. While working on a computational thinking project at Google, she dived a bit deeper into CS education. Jennifer now teaches computer science to both high school and elementary school students, in addition to mathematics.
Also In The October 2020 Issue
STEAM Gift Guide for 2020
25+ ideas for STEAM-theme gifts for kids of all ages!
Roll a Story
Get ready to roll the dice with this fun programming exercise!
Leonhard Euler
Meet one of modern mathematics greatest contributors, Leonhard Euler!
How can we apply the Konigsberg Bridge problem to real life and even make a game out of it? With Sprouts of course!
Build a Paper House
Grab you scissors and glue, its time for a fun SketchUp Craft!
Fill the Learning Gap
Here is some advice for teachers who are worried about the learning gap that remote learning can create!
How Did Wi-Fi Get Its Name?
Wi-Fi is a weird word for sure! But what does it really mean?
Tech in Real Life (IRL)
Storing Data in Space
This time around we are taking the Internet of Things into space!
Learn how Eugene Kaspersky turned his antivirus making hobby into so much more!
How Data is Stored
What in the world is a video redundancy? Find out that and more in this crash course on encoding!
Math Proofs and Computers
Welcome to the weird world of experimental math proofs!
If people never did silly things, nothing intelligent would ever get done.
— Ludwig Wittgenstein
October 2020 Learn More Links
Links from the bottom of all the October 2020 articles, collected in one place for you to print, share, or bookmark.
October 2020 News Wire
Interesting stories about computer science, software programming, and technology for October 2020.
One of the first female programmers, Grace Hopper also worked as a mathematician and had an unusual career for women in the 1900s.
Door Watcher
Need help proving your sibling has been sneaking into your room? This may be the perfect craft for you!
BOGONs
Bogons are not an evil race of aliens. But they do shine a light on one part of the internet little known outside of a few security technologists.
Learn why Arduino: Forth is actually #1!


text:
Associated Press Associated Press
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/watch-live-white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenany-gives-news-briefing-5
WATCH: White House backs use of federal agents in U.S. cities
World Updated on Jul 21, 2020 1:13 PM EST — Published on Jul 21, 2020 10:46 AM EST
The White House is defending use of federal officers at protests in Oregon's largest city, citing a US code that allows the Department of Homeland Security to deputize officers in other agencies to protect federal property.
Watch the White House news briefing in the video player above.
White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany started Tuesday's briefing to reporters by insisting that, "by any objective standard, the violence, chaos and anarchy in Portland is unacceptable."
The use of federal agents in Portland has been hailed by President Donald Trump but were done without local consent. The standoff could escalate there and elsewhere as Trump says he plans to send federal agents to other cities, too, potentially setting off a constitutional crisis.
"We are surging resources, along with Secretary Wolf at DHS and augmenting the Federal Protective Service to safeguard federal property," McEnany said. "The bottom line is that this president stands with law and order, which leads to peace. And we will not allow Portland to become the new CHOP (Capital Hill Organized Protest) like what we saw in Seattle."
In Portland, demonstrators who have been on the streets for weeks have found renewed focus in clashes with camouflaged, unidentified agents outside the city's U.S. courthouse. Protesters crowded in front of the courthouse and the Justice Center late Monday night, before authorities cleared them out as the loud sound and light of flash bang grenades filled the sky.
State and local authorities, who didn't ask for federal help, are awaiting a ruling in a lawsuit filed late last week. State Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum said in court papers that masked federal officers have arrested people on the street, far from the courthouse, with no probable cause and whisked them away in unmarked cars.
Meanwhile, the Department of Homeland Security was planning to deploy about 150 of its agents to Chicago, according to an official with direct knowledge of the plans who was not authorized to speak publicly and spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity.
The agents are expected to stay for at least two months and could be sent to other locations at some point, the official said. Homeland Security said in a statement that the department does not comment on "allegedly leaked operations."
As Oregon officials have, Chicago's mayor has pushed back against the deployment of federal agents.
The tussle comes about two weeks ago after the Trump administration sent more than 100 federal law enforcement officers to Kansas City to help quell a rise in violence after the shooting death of a young boy there.
Constitutional law experts said federal officers' actions in the progressive city are a "red flag" in what could become a test case of states' rights as the Trump administration expands federal policing.
The protests have roiled Portland for more than seven weeks. Many rallies have attracted thousands and been largely peaceful. But smaller groups of up to several hundred people have focused on federal property and local law enforcement buildings, at times setting fires to police precincts, smashing windows and clashing violently with local police.
Portland police used tear gas on multiple occasions until a federal court order banned its officers from doing so without declaring a riot. Now, concern is growing that the tear gas is being used against demonstrators by federal officers instead.
On Sunday night, a crowd estimated at more than 500 people gathered outside the courthouse, including dozens of self-described "moms" who linked arms in front of a chain-link fence outside the courthouse. The demonstration continued into Monday morning.
WATCH: Drug manufacturers testify on development of COVID-19 vaccines
By Courtney Vinopal
WATCH: Doctors testify on COVID-19 racial disparities among seniors
Trump, Congress square off over virus aid as crisis worsens
By Lisa Mascaro, Associated Press
Trump announces return of coronavirus briefings amid 'big flare-up'
Nation Jul 20


text:
Q: How to zip 2D arrays a=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
b=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])

I've 2 identical 2D arrays, I'm trying to zip them element-wise. It should look like:

[[(1,1) (2,2), (3,3)]
[(4,4) (5,5) (6,6)]
[(7,7) (8,8) (9,9)]]

I've tried the method below but it didn't work out. First flatten the arrays, zip them, convert it into a list, then convert it into an array and reshape it.
np.array(list(zip(np.ndarray.flatten(a),np.ndarray.flatten(b)))).reshape(a.shape)

I'm getting the following error
cannot reshape array of size 18 into shape (3,3)

It's not treating the elements (1,1) (2,2) etc. of the final array as tuples but as individual elements. Hence, 18 elements.
This question has been posted once but I didn't find an answer that worked for me.

A: Don't zip, use numpy native functions! You want a dstack:
out = np.dstack([a, b])

output:
array([[[1, 1],
        [2, 2],
        [3, 3]],

       [[4, 4],
        [5, 5],
        [6, 6]],

       [[7, 7],
        [8, 8],
        [9, 9]]])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
De Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Visitatiekerk is een voormalige parochiekerk in de tot de Zeeuwse gemeente Terneuzen behorende plaats Westdorpe, gelegen aan de Graaf Jansdijk A 189.

Geschiedenis
Van een Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Visitatiekerk is sprake vanaf 1796. In 1841 werd deze kerk vernieuwd en in 1890 werd hij gesloopt om vervangen te worden door een  nieuw kerkgebouw.

Deze kerk werd ontworpen door Piet van Genk. Het betrof een neogotisch kerkgebouw met voorgebouwde, spits, toren. In 1940 werd deze door zich terugtrekkende Belgische troepen verwoest.

In 1947 werd een nieuwe kerk in gebruik genomen. Deze bakstenen kerk in traditionalistische trant heeft een naastgebouwde toren welke gedekt wordt door een zadeldak. Ook is er een dakruiter boven het koor, dat verbreed is tot een klein transept. De kerk werd ontworpen door B.P.J. en A.W. Oomen.

Einde 2012 werd de kerk onttrokken aan de eredienst en er werd een buurtcentrum en het Museum Oud Westdorpe in gevestigd.

Kerkgebouw in Terneuzen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Killer Characters: What Happened to February?
I went out to get a scone this morning. I pulled on my coat, but didn't zip it up. I left my hat and scarf in the office, and kept my gloves balled up in my pockets. My sneakers on the dry road made me consider for a moment--a moment--that perhaps I should take a run this afternoon. I looked up in the milky gray sky and squinted at the ball of fire that hung in the middle.
"This is just wrong," I said aloud to no one in particular.
"What's that Sully?" Gene asked me. Gene was outside the Beef and Ale, sweeping the sidewalk. Trevorton had taken to sand over salt on sidewalks when possible, and the flash freeze in January made some of the sidewalks look like they were on the beach rather than a couple of miles away.
"Gene, it's February. I should be bundled up and dreaming of a trip to somewhere warm."
"You should," Gene said. "And you're right. This isn't right. I saw a picture of me three years ago--"
"During Snowmagedon," I said, using the term New Englanders used to describe the record breaking winter of 2015.
"Yup. Snow drifts were so high you could barely see the door to the bar."
"I remember." I shuddered. I don't do any snow sports, so winter is to be endured. The winter of 2015 tested my patience.
"So, you're right. This warm snap--"
"It's going to be 70 tomorrow," I said.
"Nuts. It's not good for us. You know we'll pay, and it will snow in April."
"I do," I said. New Englanders were famous for a doom and gloom, we know we have to pay our winter penance.
"But, I'll take it," Gene said. "These warmer days, they've been a tonic. I'll take 'em, and keep the snow blower out through April." Gene went back to sweeping.
I looked over at Gene, and smiled. Maybe I would do a run this afternoon. May as well enjoy the gift of a warm snap in February.
But still, it was just wrong.
J.A. Hennrikus writes the Theater Cop series, and Julianne Holmes writes the Clock Shop series. They both tweet under @JAAuthors, are on Instagram as @JAHenn, and are on Facebook.
This has really been a weird winter. I'm thinking Mother Nature is dealing with menopause and hot flashes.


Chadwick Residence strives to empower women to create lives of personal independence. There are few feelings as liberating as experiencing true self-reliance in your daily living.
To help women achieve independent living, Chadwick Residence staff provides assistance with budgeting, stress management, nutrition, cooking, transportation, time management and hygiene. Both groups and one-to-one education are provided. Weekly house meetings focus on issues and presentations by volunteer presenters.
Budgeting – Good money management is necessary to leading an independent life. The most important skill in money management may be making a budget and living by it.
Time Management – Time is likely the most valuable resource any of us have, making time management one of the most important skills to master.
Stress Management – Stress is both unproductive and unhealthy. Proper management of stress helps lead to a happier and more well managed life.
Transportation – One crucial element to independent living is getting where you need to go.
Nutrition, Cooking and Food Preparation – Proper nutrition is the main ingredient in the recipe for good health. That's why learning about nutrition and food preparation is provided to help our residents thrive.
Health and Hygiene – Health is the most fundamental aspect to independent living. This is not possible without proper knowledge of good hygiene.


text:
The Salina Bombers were a professional indoor football team based in Salina, Kansas. The team was founded by Chris Vercher, Jake Leighty and Jake Sharp in 2012 as charter member of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL). The Bombers played their home games at the Bicentennial Center in Salina. After the Bombers folded, the Salina Liberty were started as a new indoor football franchise.

At the conclusion of the 2014 season, the CPIFL and the Lone Star Football League (LSFL) completed a merger, accepting the Bombers as a charter member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). On May 28, 2015, the Bombers organization folded, citing a business decision after being ejected from the CIF.

History
As early as October 2, 2012, a Salina team had appeared on the CPIFL website. However, their information was quickly taken down because no arena lease had yet been signed. The team was officially announced on October 18 after having signed a five-year lease with the Bicentennial Center and a "name-the-team" contest took place on the Bicenntenial Center's website. On October 25, the three finalists were announced as the "Salina Storm", "Salina Bombers", and "Salina Shock". The winning name of "Salina Bombers" was announced on November 1.

2013

With a 9-3 record, the Bombers finished fourth in the final CPIFL standings, which qualified the team for the playoffs. The Bombers traveled to Sioux City, Iowa, where they defeated the first seeded Sioux City Bandits to advance to the Champions Bowl. In the first ever Champions Bowl, the Bombers were defeated 47-34 by the Wichita Wild.

2014

In 2014, the Bombers finished the regular season with a record of 8-4, good enough for third place in the final CPIFL standings.  They were soundly defeated by the Bandits 66-37 in Sioux City in the first round of the postseason. Notable players this season included defensive lineman, Meshak Williams.

2015

For 2015, the CPIFL merged with the Lone Star Football League and several other teams to form Champions Indoor Football. The Bombers were one of nine teams to start the 2015 season as members of the CIF. On May 28, the Bombers organization folded, citing business decisions, and cancelled their final two games against the Duke City Gladiators and San Angelo Bandits. The CIF had suspended the Bombers from the league earlier that day. The team was then replaced by the Salina Liberty in July 2015.

Final roster

Season-by-season records

|-
|2013 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 4th League || Won Semi-Finals (Sioux City) Lost Champions Bowl I (Wichita)
|-
|2014 || 8 || 5 || 0 || 3rd League || Lost Semi-Finals (Sioux City)
|-
|2015 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 5th League || Suspended from league play
|-
!Totals || 24 || 14 || 0
|colspan="2"| (including playoffs)

Records vs. opponent

Awards and honors
2013 Defensive Rookie of The Year: DeWayne Autrey DB
2013 1st Team All CPIFL: Ricky Roberts WR, Jarvis Jones OL, DeWayne Autrey DB
2013 CPIFL Offensive MVP: Dane Simoneau QB
2013 CPIFL Coach Of Year: Bob Frey
2014 1st Team All CPIFL: Ed Prince OL, Meshak Williams DL, DeWayne Autrey DB
2014 CPIFL Defensive Player of the Year: Meshak Williams DL
2014 CPIFL Defensive Rookie of The Year: Meshak Williams DL
2014 CPIFL Best Media Relations/Social Media

References

External links
 Salina Bombers official website
 Bicentennial Center official website

2012 establishments in Kansas
2015 disestablishments in Kansas


text:
Test compress.zlib:// scheme with the unlink function
--SKIPIF--
<?php
if (!extension_loaded("zlib")) {
	print "skip - ZLIB extension not loaded";
}
?>
--FILE--
<?php
$inputFileName = dirname(__FILE__)."/004.txt.gz";
$srcFile = "compress.zlib://$inputFileName";
echo "file_exists=";
var_dump(file_exists($srcFile));
echo "is_file=";
var_dump(is_file($srcFile));
echo "is_dir=";
var_dump(is_dir($srcFile));
echo "is_readable=";
var_dump(is_readable($srcFile));
echo "\n";
echo "filesize=";
var_dump(filesize($srcFile));
echo "filetype=";
var_dump(filetype($srcFile));
echo "fileatime=";
var_dump(fileatime($srcFile));

?>
===DONE===
--EXPECTF--
file_exists=bool(false)
is_file=bool(false)
is_dir=bool(false)
is_readable=bool(false)

filesize=
Warning: filesize(): stat failed for compress.zlib://%s004.txt.gz in %s on line %d
bool(false)
filetype=
Warning: filetype(): Lstat failed for compress.zlib://%s004.txt.gz in %s on line %d
bool(false)
fileatime=
Warning: fileatime(): stat failed for compress.zlib://%s004.txt.gz in %s on line %d
bool(false)
===DONE===

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
La Centrale Nucléaire de Mülheim-Kärlich est une centrale à l'arrêt depuis 1988, installée sur le Rhin, à environ 10 km au nord de Coblence et tout près de la ville de Mülheim-Kärlich.
L'exploitant est la "Société Luxembourgeoise de Centrales Nucléaires", une filiale de la compagnie RWE.

Bataille judiciaire
Cette centrale, qui comporte un réacteur unique de 1 302 MW, a été la première centrale nucléaire construite dans le Palatinat rhénan en 1986, son permis d'exploiter a été délivré en 1988.
Un jugement de 1995 a invalidé le permis de construction. Après une nouvelle décision judiciaire en 1998, l'exploitant a été autorisé à poursuivre la production mais il était contraint d'arrêter la tranche au plus tard en 2012.
En mars 1998, la Cour Administrative Fédérale a confirmé le jugement de 1995 qui invalidait le permis de construction, en raison d'une construction du bâtiment turbine à quelques mètres de l'emplacement prévu au dossier. Le déplacement du bâtiment était nécessaire pour éviter un plissement de terrain découvert lors des fondations. L'autorité de sûreté du Land avait oublié de mettre à jour le dossier.
RWE Energie a fermé en 2001 sa centrale de Muelheim-Kaerlich, un investissement de plusieurs milliards de DM qui n'a tourné que quelques mois.
Les travaux de démantèlement vont durer jusqu'en 2012.

Depuis juillet 2018 la démolition de la tour de refroidissement est en cours.

Caractéristiques
 Exploitant : Société Luxembourgeoise de Centrales Nucléaires
 Propriétaire : RWE
 Constructeur : ABB
 Type de réacteur : Réacteur à eau pressurisée (REP)
 Puissance produite : 1302 MWe
 Date de couplage : 14 mars 1986
 Combustible: 362 assemblages combustibles
 Coût de la construction : 7 milliards DM (3,58 milliards d'euros)
 Hauteur des réfrigérants : 162 m
 Hauteur de la cheminée de rejet : 161,5 m

Voir aussi

Mulheim-Karlich
RWE


Disaster struck the Collinwood School in 1908 as fire overtook the building. Many perished in the tragedy, and change was demanded to ensure this would never happen again. Learn more about how this catastrophe has forever changed the way schools are built. Included with general admission.


text:
2022 Alfa Romeo StelvioTi
Alfa Romeo Stelvio Ti
2022 Alfa Romeo Stelvio Ti
Im interested in 2022 Alfa Romeo Stelvio you have listed on Global Autosports for $42,900. I would like to know more about this vehicle.
Alfa Romeo Stelvio Ti AWD- CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED - 5YR/100K MILE WARRANTY - ADDITIONAL WARRANTY AVAILABLE UP TO 8YR -Alfa Romeo of Fort Lauderdale is proud to present this stunning Alfa Romeo Stelvio Ti. Finished in Alfa White over Chocolate and Black leather, the Stelvio Ti has been carefully driven as a courtesy loaner. Expertly maintained by our factory trained technicians, it is in pristine condition inside and out. The Stelvio is covered by a Certified Alfa Romeo Warranty.This Stelvio Ti has been specified with:- Ti AWD Package 22G- Active Assist Plus Package- Chocolate Seat with Chocolate Stitching- Gloss Red Calipers with White ScriptThe 2022 Stelvio Ti is equipped as standard with Adaptive Cruise Control, Blind Spot Monitor, Automatic High Beams, Dark Exterior Accents, Wireless Charging, Headlamp Washers, Heated Rear Seats, Hands-Free Liftgate, Aluminum Pedals, Painted Body Kit, Navigation, Dual-Pane Panoramic Sunroof, Laminated Glass, Forward Collision Warning, Power Leather Seats, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, Satellite Radio, Bi-Xenon Headlights, LED DRLs and Taillights, Leather Seating, Ambient Lighting, Rear Camera, Rear Park Sensors, Keyless Entry, Remote Start, Cruise Control, HomeLink, Rain-Sensing Wipers, Power Liftgate, LED DRLs and Tail Lights, Aluminum Window Surrounds, and Aluminum Roof Rails.If you are in the market for an Alfa Romeo Stelvio Ti, please call or email us today.This vehicle has passed a 169-point inspection performed by our factory trained technicians, and has been enrolled in the Alfa Romeo Certified Pre-Owned Program. The original Factory Warranty has been extended, and includes rental car reimbursement and roadside assistance.
Alfa White
ZASPAKBN0N7D30713
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Alfa Romeo Stelvio By Year
2023 Alfa Romeo Stelvio


text:
var htmlparser2 = require('htmlparser2'),
    util = require('util'),
    knife = require('../knife');
var DomHandler = htmlparser2.DomHandler,
    DomBuilder = function () {
        this.parser = null;
        this.attributes = {};
        this.attribArr = [];
        this.dupes = [];
        DomHandler.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments));
    };
module.exports = DomBuilder;

util.inherits(DomBuilder, DomHandler);

// NOTE: this must be called before parsing begins
DomBuilder.prototype.initialize = function (parser) {
    this.parser = parser;
};

DomBuilder.prototype.start = function (htmlText) {
    this.htmlText = htmlText;
    this.lineColFunc = knife.getLineColFunc(htmlText);
    // When a tag has no close, startIndex is too large by 3 for the
    // next calls to onopentag and _addDomElement. Keep track of this.
    this.wasClosed = true;
};

DomBuilder.prototype.onerror = function (error) {
    // TODO: actually bubble this up or queue errors
    throw error;
};

DomBuilder.prototype.onattribute = function (name, value) {
    if (!this.attributes[name]) {
        this.attributes[name] = {
            value: value
        };
        this.attribArr.push(name);
    } else {
        this.dupes.push(name);
    }
};

/*eslint-disable no-underscore-dangle*/
DomBuilder.prototype.onopentag = function (name, attribs) {
    DomHandler.prototype.onopentag.call(this, name, attribs);

    var ele = this._tagStack[this._tagStack.length - 1];
    ele.openIndex = this.parser.startIndex;
    if (!this.wasClosed) { ele.openIndex -= 3; }
    this.wasClosed = true;
    ele.open = this.htmlText.slice(ele.openIndex + 1, this.parser.endIndex);
    ele.openLineCol = this.lineColFunc(ele.openIndex);
    // remove duplicate data
    delete ele.lineCol;

    ele.attribs = this.attributes;
    //ele.attribsArr = this.attribArr;
    knife.inputIndices(ele.attribs, ele.open, ele.openIndex);

    this.attribArr
        .sort(function (a, b) {
            return ele.attribs[a].nameIndex - ele.attribs[b].nameIndex;
        })
        .forEach(function (attrib) {
            var a = ele.attribs[attrib];
            a.nameLineCol = this.lineColFunc(a.nameIndex);
            a.valueLineCol = this.lineColFunc(a.valueIndex);
        }, this);

    this.attribArr = [];
    this.attributes = {};

    ele.dupes = this.dupes;
    this.dupes = [];
};

DomBuilder.prototype.onclosetag = function () {
    var ele = this._tagStack[this._tagStack.length - 1];
    //&& !knife.isVoidElement(ele.name)
    if (ele) {
        // Mercifully, no whitespace is allowed between < and /
        this.wasClosed = this.htmlText[this.parser.startIndex + 1] === '/';
        ele.close = this.wasClosed
            ? this.htmlText.slice(this.parser.startIndex + 2, this.parser.endIndex)
            : '';
        ele.closeIndex = this.parser.startIndex;
        if (!this.wasClosed && ele.closeIndex == ele.openIndex) {
            ele.closeIndex += ele.open.length + 1;
            this.wasClosed = true;
        }
        ele.closeLineCol = this.lineColFunc(ele.closeIndex);
    }

    DomHandler.prototype.onclosetag.call(this);
};

DomBuilder.prototype.onprocessinginstruction = function (name, data) {
    // htmlparser2 doesn't normally update the position when processing
    // declarations or processing directives (<!doctype ...> or <?...> elements)
    this.parser._updatePosition(2);
    DomHandler.prototype.onprocessinginstruction.call(this, name, data);
};

DomBuilder.prototype._addDomElement = function (ele) {
    if (!this.parser) {
        // TODO: rewrite error msg
        throw new Error('stop being a bone head >.<');
    }
    ele.index = this.parser.startIndex;
    if (!this.wasClosed) { ele.index -= 3; }
    ele.lineCol = this.lineColFunc(ele.index);
    DomHandler.prototype._addDomElement.call(this, ele);
};
/*eslint-enable no-underscore-dangle*/


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>org.primaresearch.web.gwt.shared.variable (PrimaGwt API)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2017-10-03">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

org.primaresearch.web.gwt.shared.variable

Classes

GwtDecimalFormatter