text:
Understanding the Eastern Neighborhood. A unique platform for comprehensive debates and analysis on Russian affairs
Between February 2018 and January 2019, ESGA Romania will implement the project "Understanding the Eastern Neighborhood. A unique platform for comprehensive debates and analysis on Russian affairs."
The principles of liberal democracy are seriously threatened by Russia's information war and its open support for the accession of extremist, populist or so-called "traditionalist" political parties in Western countries. Moscow has managed to mastermind social movements, to set the agenda of public debates and to infiltrate security and political groups in both EU and NATO countries. At the same time, Russia has successfully advanced its irredentist agenda and derailed the reformist processes in the Eastern Partnership countries. Russia has become a model for the establishment of "one-party rule" in the region.
In its endeavor, Russia uses the advantages of technological innovations and the local fertile social and political ground of each country. Russia's subversive activities are also facilitated by the poor knowledge (and expertise) on the political and security developments from the CIS countries and the mentalities inherited from the communist era. The space for debate is influenced by a lack of knowledge about the realities faced by various state actors in the Former Soviet Space. This was highlighted during the crucial events in the region: the annexation of Crimea, the aggression in the East of Ukraine, the results of the elections in R. of Moldova, or the potential slippage of Georgia from democratic processes as a result of the adoption of the new constitutional amendments.
The decision-making process and the public debates are deeply influenced by a distorted picture of the realities in Russia (and the CIS countries) and are an easy target for propaganda and other subversive actions. This aspect was also highlighted by the participants who attended our previous debates (organized within the project "Dialogues with Russia for a new generation of experts," implemented by ESGA). Our audience appreciated the access to both Russian and Western expertise. Through the current initiative, we want to expand the dialogue on Russian affairs. ESGA's staff also intends to offer the public a new opportunity to monitor and understand the challenges faced by Russia and other CIS countries.
Our main objectives for the project "Understanding the Eastern Neighborhood. A unique platform for comprehensive debates and analysis on Russian affairs" that ESGA intends to implement between February 2018 – January 2019 are:
a) To provide an opportunity for an open and comprehensive dialogue about Russia's successes and its failures through one unique platform for debates and analysis.
b) To present an accurate analysis of Russian social transformations, and Moscow's economic and military capabilities, Moscow's foreign policy using the opinions and expertise of reputable analysts and intellectuals from both Russia and European countries.
c) To create a group of young experts, intellectuals, activists, and politicians, concerned with the influence of Russia's regime and its simultaneous actions aimed at weakening the Western democratic systems.


Introducing `Y` – a `successful` author.
There it is, folks. You don't necessarily need an editor.
Simply determine where your pride lies and go from there.
Awesome post. My eyes bleed over the mistakes I see in indie books sometimes (trads aren't so perfect, either!). What Gok Wan is to fashion, John Hudspith is to editing!
Wow. Great post! My soul bleeds for the writing profession.
Loved this post, especially since my eBook has some errors that I haven't fixed yet! I was slammed in a couple of reviews for those errors and I really should take it down and fix them . . . . someday! Certainly the Indie authors out there hesitate to pay for editing when they have no idea if they will ever make that money back from sales! It's a tough call!
Agreed, Janet. But sometimes it can be not about making the money back but making your work of art the best it can be. Hiring an editor is nothing more than asking a fellow writer to help hone your work. Taking such pride in your productions before throwing them to the world is not important to many, it seems.
The problem with not bothering to edit is you risk turning readers off permanently. If I buy a book by an author who didn't bother to edit and I see glaring mistakes on every page, bad grammar, flat characters, etc. I'm not likely to ever buy another book by that person. Even if they employ an editor for every book after that. First impressions matter. The quality you put out there matters. You'll still get some readers, this is true. But in the end, you're shooting yourself in the foot, AND you're putting something out there that isn't your best work. Money isn't the most important thing out there.
He said he edited. And there are plenty of flat characters and glaring typos in books published with traditional publishers and have been for years. I'm the sort of writer who considers every comma, but what I find personally true is that STORY RULES. People compulsively read – for story. And if the story is strong, really if errors occur, that's not a problem. If the errors bother anyone it's because the story is not strong enough. That said, I edit like crazy.
That was fun to read. Shame on Y for not using an editor. Quality is important, but having said that if Y is doing well without quality control, then more power to them. Not my style, but everybody's entitled to their own thing.
As for bad reviews – we all get them and we should all know to ignore them, as long as there's proof contrary opinions exist (aka good reviews). I've had books blasted out of best selling lists by jealous competition writing bad reviews and needed to have Amazon step in and resolve some of the attacks.
Now to churning out books. 8 weeks? Why so long, if there's no real editing. I've been going for a year and a half now with a novel a month – but I also send it to third party professional editors. So start to finish I do rough draft inside 4 weeks typically, then hit my pre-scheduled slot with my editor in the next few weeks and send the rough draft to beta readers. At the same time my cover artist creates something. As soon as everything is finished and I go over it a final time and send it off. The day after I finish a rough draft I'm already starting the next book.
Is it churning if you love what you do and you've found a way to do it efficiently?
Good point. But such efficiency, resulting in quality product, is rare.
This was priceless! Too funny.
Holy smokes! I can't decide if this interview is sad or frightening. Everyone needs an editor. Everyone! I'm a decent writer, but I learn new things every day. My advice for new writers is always never stop learning. Y is a fool. The bubble will burst and then what happens?
I've found that the editor I hired was not a help but a hindrance. The really sharp people are passionate readers. I got such great on point suggestions from them! True, you have to find readers who will tell you the truth. I chose writers, and actors, who are trained to read for every nuance. I found them most helpful. And won't waste my money on an editor. I learn from reading great books, from rereading my books over and over, and most from the comments of my readers. In my opinion, and experience, The Reader Knows Best.
I used to think that way too, but I've learned so much about writing since I started working with an editor. I'm lucky because she's a great teacher. Don't let one bad editor scare you away.
This has got to be a joke. It is, right? And Y is a fictional character? Why would any writer not take enough pride in their work to interview with their name and links intact? Whether indie, self published or traditional, every writer should have someone else edit their work. That's just common sense.
ROFL. It is rather funny, because there was a discussion on LindedIN about First Drafts. Most of the people there wouldn't show anyone their First Drafts, because they were ashamed of them.
I've sold First Drafts. You know John Manning. He's bought several of my first drafts. One he requested no edits for. None. Not one issue with spelling or grammar (though I'll admit when I get tricky I provide editors with glossaries – I use stuff that is somewhat odd including Native themes and words – and how many editors know Cree).
Now I may have a bit of an advantage with polishing stuff, because I also do editing. But I think that most of it comes down to being careful about what you are doing.
I agree. All writers do not need editors and the perceptive will recognize good writing in a first draft when they see it. I also, as a writer, have some advantage in that I have done professional proof reading and copy editing. And am detail oriented.Wayne, if you like scroll up to see what I wrote re the importance of story over rules and the typos that occur in any case in professionally edited books coming out of traditional publishers.
I must ask : is that piece fiction, or an actual interview ?
In the first hypothesis, that's quite brilliant, and if the latter, it's giving a new meaning to the word 'interview'.
Oh, this interview made me cringe and feel sorry for the author. It's not about how good a writer one is, but about putting out the best possible work. As author's we're too emotionally tied to our books to be able to see them with a clear and fresh pair of eyes, which is why we need editors and proofreaders.
I like making money selling books, and I do so just fine with even my first books that weren't that wonderful. However, I continue to improve myself and want to put a quality product out there for my readers. Whoever this writer is, they won't last long if they never improve. Better quality stories with sexual content at the same price will win out in the end, and this writer will no longer be "successful" writer (in that she can pay her bills and buy groceries). But hey, that's her own damn fault.
I think we'd all agree that proper grammar and editing assistance are good things, but we can't force them on anyone. Isn't calling "Y" a vampire somewhat hyperbolic? It sounds like the readers are properly forewarned if they check her reviews.
It had me laugh and think on a certain author I came across and sent a mail on how and what to improve in the book I should have reviewed but didn't because I just couldn't.
It really happens people! Yes, there are authors out there who think they do not need an editor, or who think they hired an editor but were ripped off. Which sadly happens too, a lot even.
Hysterical…and not a little sad at the same time. Unfortunately, there are authors who think this way. Nothing can take the place of a good editing team.
"Y: I think you're exaggerating.
Oh man, so much ridiculousness. I'm in awe.
Great post and a valuable lesson.
Wow. This is why it is so disheartening to be an indie author, sometimes. There are many authors just like the one you interviewed who churn out awful books but continue to rake in sales. I just don't understand it.
And I mean…if you're not going to hire an editor then you better be spending more than 2 weeks in edits!
I wasn't scared away from editors by one who proved rather useless as an editor – a well known professional, many years in the field. I've just not decided not to use them for now. There is one editor who works for Random House who I met at an event at the Center for Fiction in NYC. I'd be honored to show my work to her but she only works for them unfortunately.
I would have liked to see the author expand on his/her thoughts and really engage in the conversation. With no name, it's bad PR for indie authors everywhere.
It's about time I tweeted this. High-five, Mr Crowman.


This passage of Revelation brings to my mind the kid's game called king of the hill. Do you know this game? It is an outside game and involves one of the kids being on top of a hill and the other kids trying to push / pull him off. When someone is able to push / pull the "king" off his hill (off his throne) another person would immediately run up on the hill and take his place. This new person would now be the king and the others would have to challenge him for the right to be the king of the hill and sit on the throne.
This passage of Revelation describes the ultimate, eternal king of the hill. However, unlike the kid's game, God has a throne that can never fail. His throne will never be abdicated or taken by force. God created his throne, the place it is located, and its attendants and guardians to bring Him praise and worship forever.
This passage of Revelation opens the throne room of heaven to us. John describes to us the worship of God Almighty by those in the throne room. We hear and heed the call to acknowledge His power, dominion, and right to unleash the judgments later described in Revelation. It is very reassuring to me to know we have a heavenly father of this nature.
Our lives are full of change. As we go through this life we change physically and mentally - many of us make dramatic changes in our adult life. The world around us moves very quickly and it is easy to get caught in the hustle and bustle. Sometimes it seems everything in our lives is always dynamic. It helps me, and I hope it helps you, to take a step back when I feel overwhelmed and remember this passage of Revelation. To remember that God is constant, will never fail, and will obtain ultimate victory.


text:
Artist: Daft Punk
Electronic Dance
Virgin Records Columbia Records French House movement Paris
Daft Punk is a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter. They achieved massive popularity in the 1990s as proponents of the French House movement and are widely considered one of the greatest electronic acts in history.
Their debut album Homework was released via Virgin Records in 1997, followed by Discovery in 1999 which saw universal acclaim. Their live album Alive 2007, won a Grammy Award the same year for Best Electronic/Dance Album.
In 2013, Daft Punk left signed to Columbia Records and released Random Access Memories, winning five more Grammy's. As of 2015, Daft Punk have sold 12 million records worldwide.
'Tron 3' confirmed to be in the works with Daft Punk teased to score
by Jayden Collins
The next sequel in the Tron series has been confirmed to be in the works by Disney, with French electronic legends Daft Punk once again…
The KORG MS-20: the unfinished story of a legendary monosynth
by Jonathan Mendolicchio
The KORG MS-20 is one of the most recognisable synths of all time. Released in 1978, the synth was somewhat of a pioneer for semi-modular…
A wall of sound in your pocket: the tale of Teenage Engineering's Pocket Operator
Teenage Engineering is a Swedish synth manufacturer that made its debut in 2011 with the OP-1. Since then, they've expanded on their catalogue with a…
Top 25 songs of the '90s to go with your flannel
by Luke Saunders
There is an incredible amount of good '90s songs. From rap to rock to metal there was groundbreaking stuff occurring across the board. Perhaps it…
We've chosen the best Hottest 100 ever, hear us out
More power to the people. When Triple J decided to do a music listener poll in late 1988, they effectively set in motion cogs that…
20 guilty pleasure songs from the 2010s that will never go away
by Happy
The 2010s will no doubt be remembered more for its evolution in music platforming than it's high quality output. Gone are the poorly titled mp3's…
Check out a full list of the gear Daft Punk used to record Homework
Ever wondered what Daft Punk used to achieve the huge sounds on Da Funk or Around The World? Wonder no more with this Homework-era gear list. Despite…
The masterful musical thievery of Daft Punk
by Michael Smith
Daft Punk are masters of sampling and Discovery was their masterpiece. But did they cross that line between thievery and adaption for art's sake? Did…
Learn how to recreate the synth tones of Daft Punk
Youtuber Alex Ball has generously dished up a tutorial on how to recreate three classic Daft Punk synth tones, featuring some true heavyweights of analog…
A 2017 track by Daft Punk's Thomas Bangalter has been unearthed
UPDATE: The full track has surfaced online. Check it out below. Sometime last year, Daft Punk's Thomas Bangalter emerged from his robot cavern to record Riga…
Despite quickly shooting to world fame in the late '90s after releasing their iconic debut album Homework, Daft Punk have spent their careers shrouded in mystery….
Before Daft Punk and Phoenix there was a little trio called Darlin'
by Freya McGahey
It's the early 90s and the world has yet to be truly acquainted with possibly the most iconic electronic duo of a generation. Thomas Bangalter…
10 since 2010: Counting down 10 of the catchiest songs this decade (so far)
What makes a catchy song? A few years back a UK study made the internet rounds by crowning Wannabe by The Spice Girls the catchiest song of…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


the time of half a day, we accompany you on a course of approximately 6 kilometers. We discover the secret places of the village of Claouey (Lege Cap Ferret). We stop several times to enjoy good South West products, sometimes in unusual places.


text:
Tagged with: Turkey
South African Cyclist Covers Over 8,000 km For Autism
A South African cyclist has arrived in Istanbul from London to raise global awareness of autism, after covering 8,800 kilometers by bike.
Ancient history waits to be uncovered in Düzce
Excavations in the ancient city of Prusias ad Hypium in the northwestern province of Düzce and at an 8th century Genoese Castle on the UNESCO World Heritage Temporary List are expected to unravel more of the history of the region and attract tourists.
Maritime History at Rahmi Koç Museum
The Rahmi M. Koç Müzesi, part of the Rahmi M. Koç Museology and Culture Foundation, is a private non-profit institution dedicated to the collecting, housing, researching, preserving and exhibiting of industrial and engineering objects and their documentation from all countries and periods up to the present day.
Lycian Way awaits adventurers
Tourism and Turkey are two words that go together so well. So when they are mentioned, one might think about the country's countless blue-flagged beaches and ancient sites,
Ekrem İmamoğlu Is Re-elected As The Mayor Of Istanbul After Rerun Polls
On June 23, Ekrem İmamoğlu is re-elected with a big margin of victory, after rerun polls and got his certificate on June 27 for the second time this year from Ali Yerlikaya, the governor of the Istanbul province who has served as acting mayor, between two polls.
Summer Festivals to Attend in Turkey
The summer season is now in full swing and it's time to enjoy some good music under the stars in Turkey. Whether you reside here or just came for a short stay there are a variety of options in terms of the length of the events and kinds of music offered.


text:
package com.kinvey.sample.contentbox;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import com.kinvey.android.callback.KinveyUserCallback;
import com.kinvey.java.User;
import com.kinvey.sample.contentbox.core.ContentFragment;

/**
 * @author edwardf
 */
public class SettingsActivity extends FragmentActivity {

    public static final String LOGIN = "LOGIN";
    public static final String PUSH = "PUSH";

    public static final String EXTRA_TYPE = "EXTRA_TYPE";

    private RelativeLayout loading;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstance) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstance);
        setContentView(R.layout.contentviewr);

        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);

        String type = "";
        if (getIntent().hasExtra(EXTRA_TYPE)) {
            type = getIntent().getExtras().getString(EXTRA_TYPE);
        }

        if (type.equals(PUSH)){
            replaceFragment(new NotificationFragment(), false);
        } else{
            Log.i("Settings", "ok it's login");
            if (((ContentViewrApplication)getApplication()).getClient() == null){
                Log.i("Settings", "ok client is null");
                ((ContentViewrApplication)getApplication()).loadClient(new KinveyUserCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(User result) {
                        Log.i("Settings", "ok it's logged in");
                        showContent();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onFailure(Throwable error) {
                        Log.i("Settings", "ok it's showing login");
                        replaceFragment(new LoginFragment(), false);
                    }
                });

            }
			Log.i("Settings", "ok it's not nulll");
			if (!((ContentViewrApplication) getApplication()).getClient().user().isUserLoggedIn()) {
				Log.i("Settings", "ok it's showing login");
				replaceFragment(new LoginFragment(), false);
			} else {
				Log.i("Settings", "ok it's logged in");

				showContent();
			}
        }
    }

        public void replaceFragment(ContentFragment frag, boolean backstack){

            FragmentTransaction tr = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            tr.replace(android.R.id.content, frag);
            tr.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.slide_in_left, android.R.anim.slide_out_right);

            if(backstack){
                tr.addToBackStack("back");
            }
            if (!isFinishing()){
                tr.commitAllowingStateLoss();
            }
        }

    public void showContent(){
        Intent i = new Intent(this, Contentviewr.class);
        startActivity(i);
        this.finish();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            // Respond to the action bar's Up/Home button
            case android.R.id.home:
                finish();
                return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Rangeland Health Assessment provides a method to gather a qualitative assessment to help identify areas where the natural resources may be in danger of becoming degraded or may already be in a degraded state.
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health leads the user through the process of a Rangeland Health Assessment and the BLM National Training Center offers a full suite of videos that takes the viewer through the Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health training.
The video that corresponds directly with the EBIPM University Curriculum is "Module 1.2 The Five-step Process".
To access the video, click on the link at the bottom left of the BLM National Training Center Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health webpage and then click on the "Module 1.2 The Five-step Process" tab at the left.


text:
"Le premier jour de printemps à Moret", by Alfred Sisley--Part Two
by Marc Masurovsky
"Frühlingslandschaft"
The Impressionist painter, Alfred Sisley, produced "Le premier jour de printemps à Moret" in 1889, an oil on canvas measuring 46,2 x 56 cm, signed and dated "Sisley. 89" on the lower left of the painting. The first name which appears on the provenance of the painting in the Christie's sale listing for November 6, 2008, is "Camentron" with no date of acquisition. There was a "Galerie Martin Camentron" in Paris in the 1890s which acquired a number of Sisley paintings. There was also a "collection Camentron" in which one could find a number of paintings by Sisley.
The famed "Galerie Durand-Ruel" acquired "Le premier jour de printemps à Moret" in 1892 from Camentron, one of several that the gallery acquired, as attested by the provenance of a Sisley painting at the Musée d'Orsay.
Thirty years elapsed before Mr. Perdoux allegedly acquired the Sisley painting. There is nothing to indicate that he bought it from Durand-Ruel. This could be the same Perdoux as Yves Perdoux, a notorious Parisian art dealer who collaborated with the Nazis during the German occupation of France and denounced the locations of a number of Jewish-owned art collections, including that of Paul Rosenberg.
The Lindon family name does not appear in the Christie's provenance of this painting. At some point, the Wildenstein gallery in Paris came into possession of the painting. If one did not know that Lindon was associated with the Sisley painting, it would be impossible to deduce exactly when Wildenstein bought the painting—before, during or after WWII. On or about 1972, "the present owner" of the painting purchased "Le premier jour de printemps à Moret" and brought it to market at Christie's on November 6, 2008 where Alain Dreyfus acquired it for 338,500 dollars.
So, what happened between Perdoux and Wildenstein?
The theft
Months after the German invasion of France in June 1940, the Lindenbaum/Lindon collection was confiscated and sent to the Jeu de Paume on December 10, 1940. It included five paintings by Sisley which had been stored in a vault at the Chase Safe Deposit Company at 41, rue Cambon in Paris, until their removal by the German financial police agents with the Devisenschutzkommando (DSK) on December 5, 1940. The inventory drawn up by the DSK agents indicated a painting by Sisley
excerpt from the DSK inventory
entitled "Frühling in Moret". The initial inventory drawn up when the Lindenbaum collection first entered the Jeu de Paume in December 1940 showed a painting by Sisley with the following title: "Frühlingslandschaft mit blühenden Ostbäumen", with a lower left signature and the date "89".
The ERR personnel at the Jeu de Paume gave the Sisley painting the title of "Frühlingslandschaft" (Spring landscape) and the number "Li 56"; it described the painting as a "View into a meadow landscape with still bare fruit trees, poplars and bushes. In the background a human figure".
ERR card for Li 56
In early January 1943, a new inventory of the Lindenbaum collection was drawn up under the supervision of Dr. Schiedlausky, who was the principal manager of the ERR depot of Neuschwanstein in Bavaria near the town of Hohenschwangau close to Fussen. However a number of Impressionist and other modern works from the Lindenbaum collection remained at the Jeu de Paume in German-occupied Paris and were inventoried there on July 17, 1942 by Dr. Tomforde, one of the main art historians and cataloguers of confiscated collections working for the ERR in Paris. In May 1944, Dr. von Ingram working with Schiedlausky completed the Lindenbaum inventory at Neuschwanstein, including three Sisley paintings slated to be exchanged by the German dealer and agent, Gustav Rochlitz, on Goering's initiative. Those paintings had been swapped in Paris for a painting by Titian, entitled "Portrait of a young lady" on July 9, 1941. Li 56, "Frühlingslandschaft" remained with Gustav Rochlitz who shipped it to his storage facility in Mühlhofen near Meersburg in southern Bavaria along the shores of Lake Constanz. A handwritten note from a postwar Bavarian official confirmed this possibility.
On September 25, 1945, Alfred Lindon submitted a "final list" of works of art plundered from the vault he had rented at the Chase Safe Deposit Company at 41, rue Cambon before the Germans' arrival in the French capital. Incidentally, he named the Sisley painting "Sous-bois/printemps rose" and Mr. Lindon indicated that it had been acquired at Durand-Ruel. Hence, when filling out the provenance advertised by Christie's in November 2008, one could postulate the following:
Camentron, Paris
Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris (acquired from the above in April 1892)
Alfred Lindon?
Where does that put Mr. Perdoux (acquired from the above, November 1923)?
Could the 1923 Perdoux reference be a falsehood? If, as Mr. Lindon indicates on his inventory of works lost as a result of looting of the family vault at Chase Safe Deposit Company, he had bought the Sisley from Durand-Ruel, this would throw into question the mention of Perdoux in the provenance supplied to Christie's. This would not be the first time that a provenance contained fictitious or misleading information. One possibility is that Alfred Lindon acquired the Sisley painting in November 1923 and that Yves Perdoux, if it is him, may have been involved in the recycling of the painting during WWII. He worked with various collaborationist art dealers, in particular Raphael Gérard, to whom he had sold numerous looted objects between 1940 and 1944. Anything is possible…
As a result of an exchange policy approved by the ERR and Hermann Goering, modern paintings confiscated from Jewish collectors were offered to French, Swiss, Belgian, Dutch, Italian, and German art dealers in exchange for Old Masters which could grace the collections of Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering. Under exchange (Tausch) No. 10 of July 9, 1941, a number of Lindenbaum paintings, including the Sisley painting in question were offered to Gustav Rochlitz in exchange for a Titian painting. According to Rochlitz's testimony to the Allies after WWII, he shipped the Sisley and many other paintings he had obtained on the Paris art market, to a storage place that he managed at Mühlhofen near Meesburg in southern Bavaria, along the northern shore of Lake Constanz. Rochlitz misrepresented many of his transactions to Allied interrogators. Therefore, it would not be surprising if the Sisley in question had remained in Paris and been sold or consigned for sale with collaborationists like Yves Perdoux or Raphael Gérard.
In sum, the chain of ownership for the Sisley painting was broken on December 5, 1940. Its post-confiscation disappearance on the Paris art market made it impossible for French and Allied officials to recover the painting and return it to the Lindon family. Knowledge of these illicit market activities was not well-known in the postwar years, except by those who engaged in them, those who benefited from them, and some of the victims who investigated the fate of their lost cultural assets.
The postwar French directory of looted cultural assets known as Répertoire des biens spoliés (RBS) includes several paintings by Sisley which include the word "printemps" (spring/Frühling), one of the titles ascribed to the painting by Alfred Lindon, which point to two owners, the estate of Mrs. Berthe Propper and Mr. Lindon. A handwritten annotation in the 1947 RBS catalogue points to the fact that the French government's investigative file on the whereabouts of the painting was closed on August 5, 1961, an administrative procedure indicating that the French government no longer considered the location of the painting as feasible. In these instances, government officials would tell claimants that they should accept instead a compensatory package from the German government for their losses, 16 years after the end of WWII. Whether or not the Lindon family continued to search for the painting is a question that needs an answer.
crossed-out mention of "Le Printemps" in RBS
Works by Alfred Sisley in lost art databases
www.lootedart.com
The database of the Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE) includes three paintings by Sisley with the word "Spring", none of which are ascribed to Alfred Lindon.
Lostart.de
The database of looted cultural assets which is managed by the German Lost Art Foundation contains 22 paintings by Alfred Sisley, none of which correspond to the Alfred Lindon painting.
Art Loss Register (ALR)
It's impossible to know what information on the Sisley the London-based Art Loss Register holds since it is a proprietary database. In general, auction houses and art dealers routinely submit to ALR information on objects on consignment for sale in order to identify any potential problems with title.
Tentative conclusion
Once Alfred Lindon became dispossessed of the painting on December 5, 1940, the painting became a looted work of art subject to restitution which required it to be returned to its rightful owner. Since it was not located at the end of WWII or thereafter, the painting's postwar itinerary is illegal. Any transfer of title from one possessor to the next since 1940 was illegal and amounted to resale and possession of stolen property. Wildenstein & Cie, one-time owner of the Sisley painting, has contributed to the postwar problem surrounding this painting.
An art dealer's responsibility compels him/her to do systematic due diligence on every object which he/she acquires, sells, or borrows. It does not matter if the object is being offered for sale by an auction house or a gallery or a museum or another art dealer or a private individual. That is his/her professional and ethical responsibility. To treat auction houses differently from other market actors is frankly puzzling and illogical.
It is my frank opinion that if Mondex succeeds in bringing Christie's to heel over the Sisley painting, it will not only undermine one of the more successful restitution experiments in the private art market but also raise serious concerns about the actual meaning of restitution of works and objects of art plundered during the Nazi years by reducing it to a mercenary hunt for cash at whatever the cost. That, frankly, is unethical. I honestly hope that all parties come to their senses and seek some other form of solution which will benefit the Lindon family, first and foremost.
"Le premier jour de printemps à Moret" by Alfred Sisley, painted in 1889, ended up in the possession of Alfred Lindenbaum/Lindon. The painting, before and after its racially-motivated confiscation, has had different titles prior to its purchase in 2008 by Alain Dreyfus:
"Sous-bois/printemps rose"
"Frühlingslandschaft mit blühenden Ostbäumen"
"Frühling in Moret"
Usually, the ERR staff wrote or stenciled on the back of works it confiscated, especially paintings, the alpha-numeric code that they assigned to the items they catalogued at the Jeu de Paume. Those markings would have been the obvious tip-off that the painting had been stolen during the German occupation of Paris. Was the painting restretched, reframed? Were the markings erased? If so, who would have stripped the painting down of obvious markings left by the ERR?
Bundesarchiv, B323/277 Koblenz, Germany
209SUP 2, 209SUP 603, French Foreign Affairs Ministry Archives, La Courneuve, France
RG 260 M1943 Reel 12, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD
Posted by the plundered art at 12:11
Keywords: Alfred Lindon, Alfred Sisley, Devisenschutzkommando, DSK, Durand-Ruel, ERR, Gustav Rochlitz, Musée d'Orsay, Perdoux, Schiedlausky
"Premier jour de printemps à Moret" by Alfred Sisley--Part One
Premier jour de printemps à Moret, by Alfed Sisley
courtesy of Le Monde
On May 25, 2018, a story broke in "L'Alsace", a regional French newspaper, regarding a notable from Mulhouse, Alain Dreyfus, well-known art dealer and collector who plies his trade across the border in Basel, Switzerland. According to the Alsatian newspaper, Mr. Dreyfus is all up in arms over a painting by Alfred Sisley, "Premier jour de printemps à Moret," which the Impressionist artist produced in 1889. Dreyfus acquired it at Christie's in New York on November 6, 2008, without giving it much thought since, in his own words, "when you go to an auction sale, you don't check anything because you assume that everything has been checked." So much for due diligence.
At some point in 2016, according to Mr. Dreyfus as reported in "L'Alsace", a Toronto-based company, Mondex, contacted him to let him know that the Sisley in question was a looted painting which had once belonged to a French Jewish family by the name of Lindenbaum or Lindon, and that the Nazis had stolen the painting during the German occupation of France. Although dismayed at the news, he informed the Canadians that he would restitute the painting as long as Christie's reimbursed him for the money spent in 2008 at the New York sale. Through his lawyers, Dreyfus laid out his position: either Christie's indemnifies the family and he keeps the painting, or he restitutes the painting and Christie's pays him back.
In 2017, one of the Lindon family heirs contacted Mr. Dreyfus by mail to confirm that he still had the painting. Then, he found out that the Lindon heir turned around and sued Christie's. Meanwhile, the Swiss police has sequestered the painting until the issue is resolved. Dreyfus has since sent an invoice to the Christie's office in Zurich for 700,000 euros, although he paid 338,500 dollars for the painting in 2008. His excuse for asking double the price of the painting? Christie's allegedly pocketed 694 million euros from a recent Rockefeller sale. Hence, his bill represents the equivalent of pocket change. Mr. Dreyfus is clearly incensed and fuming, in a way that few art dealers are when faced with a restitution claim resulting from an auction sale.
According to a May 28, 2018, article which appeared in "Le Monde," the main critique leveled at Christie's is that it could not have ignored the looted history of the painting since it has an internal section focused on looted art. That critique was leveled by Denis Lindon, 91 year old grandson of the plundered victim, Alfred Lindon.
In a May 31, 2018, article, artnet.com quoted James Palmer of Mondex, who confirmed that the Sisley painting had been confiscated by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) "and passed through the hands of Hermann Goering." As supporting evidence, a document produced by the ERR was reproduced in the artnet piece; that document came from the Database of Art objects that transited through the Jeu de Paume (better known as the ERR database). One might speculate that the information contained in that database validated Mondex's claim of an act of plunder perpetrated against the Lindenbaum/Lindon family for the painting in question. Incidentally, the ERR database was not publicly accessible in 2008. Hence, Christie's could not have consulted it. The few art looting databases in existence at the time would have been short on specifics regarding the Lindon losses or were proprietary databases whose content is impossible to verify for accuracy and reliability.
Mr. Palmer stepped up his attack against Christie's by stating that "buying from auction houses presents significant risks" going as far as asserting that the "auction house should indemnify" the buyer "if a claim is ever made in the future," that is to say, if the evidence of theft escaped the research efforts of the auction house prior to sale. In other words, the behavior of Mr. Dreyfus appears to echo the Mondex stance against Christie's and, more generally, against all auction houses.
However, Nicholas O'Donnell, an art restitution attorney based in Boston, Massachusetts, countered that there was no indication of any suspicion regarding the painting on the face of the provenance that Christie's was given for the Sisley work, a view that James Palmer, of Mondex, contests. According to a New York Times report dated June 3, 2018, Palmer notified Monica Dugot, director of restitution at Christie's that a review of a "directory of looted items published in France in 1947" would have yielded several looted Sisley works with the word "spring" in their title. The "directory" which Mr. Palmer has alluded to is the "Répertoire des biens spoliés" which can be downloaded from a French government website.
In sum, the fight over the Lindon Sisley painting has turned into an unfortunate mess with an auction house, Christie's, caught between a determined "art recovery business", Mondex, an incensed art dealer, Mr. Alain Dreyfus, and a claimant, Mr. Denis Lindon, all convinced that Christie's did not exercise sufficient due diligence to identify a looted work of art belonging to the Lindon family.
The fact that all guns are pointed at Christie's in a very complex game of who should have known what and when regarding the flawed ownership history of "Premier jour de printemps à Moret," by Alfred Sisley, begs for clarification and a more sober examination of the facts.
As the old saw goes, "the facts, nothing but the facts." In Part II, let's take a look at the hard facts and ask another set of questions which might put this entire kerfuffle into perspective. Indeed, there is a looted painting that needs to be restituted to the Lindon family. But where did the problem originate and who stands to benefit from this international three-ring circus?
Keywords: Alain Dreyfus, Alfred Sisley, Christie's, Denis Lindon, ERR, ERR database, James Palmer, Mondex, Monica Dugot
A "Goering bible" with a provenance full of holes
In April 2018, a Bible (Tanach) printed in the 1630s in Amsterdam by Menasseh ben Israel, including Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim, and containing 369 "leaves", sold for 12,300 US dollars, as lot Nr. 133 at Kedem Auction House, in business in Jerusalem since 2008. That sale would be uneventful except for the fact that this particular Bible was removed from the home of Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering in the Bavarian Alps by French troops.
According to Kedem, this bible bears an inscription stamp inside it which tells us that the Second [French] Armored Division took possession of this artifact after some of its members "broke into" Goering's compound near Berchtesgaden in early May 1945. The French inscription carries a date of removal, May 4, 1945. According to Kedem's proud description of this unique item, Goering's residence and nearby facilities were looted by Allied soldiers following the departure of the SS. No comment.
The provenance supplied by Kedem indicates the following list of owners:
Dr. J. N. Pellieux, Beaugency, France
Confiscated in 1940
With a French pastor attached to the Second Armored Division
Gift to Dr. Rosenfeld, London, by said pastor, 2005
The Israel National News edition of April 11, 2018, informs us that the said French pastor was an Army chaplain working with the Red Cross and that the bible in question had been discovered "in recent days."
The French Jewish online emagazine, "Alliance," repeated everything that the Israel National News had indicated about the bible but was kind enough to supply a photograph of the actual item.
According to an April 17, 2018, Times of Israel report on this "Goering Bible", Dr. J. N. Pellieux was a Jewish doctor from whom the Bible in question was stolen. Unfortunately, the journalist for the Times of Israel dated the German invasion of France to 1945! A "fake news" fact which should have called into question the entire story, no?
It's arduous to make sense of complex events like cultural plunder. Nowadays, it goes without saying that journalists--and auctioneers looking for a bang for their buck!--do not spend enough time researching facts in order to help readers understand the twisted details surrounding a looted object's tortured history which preceded its grateful discovery, in this case, through the art market.
A 60 minute "Google" search adventure yielded the following information:
city hall of Beaugency
1/ Beaugency is a small town in the French "département" of the Loiret which sits southwest of Orléans and 155 kilometers from Paris or a clean two hour drive from Beaugency to the French capital.
2/ How about Dr. J. N. Pellieux? According to a number of Israeli news outlets, Dr. Pellieux was a Jewish doctor. Can that be verified? A quick "Google" search creates more puzzlement than clarity. The Pellieux name is well-known in Beaugency. As far back as the late 18th century, a Mr. Pellieux, ainé, was the town historian. He was also referred to as "docteur Pellieux" being an accomplished medical doctor. Mr. Pellieux published in 1805 an "Essai historique sur la ville de Beaugency et ses environs" which was lauded as a thorough and incisive piece of research.
In fact, Dr. J. N. Pellieux was none other than Dr. Jacques-Nicolas Pellieux (1750-1832), who lived in Beaugency as a distinguished local scholar and notable. One of his achievements was to have partaken in the American War of Independence across the Atlantic Ocean. After the French revolution, Pellieux served for a time as deputy mayor of Beaugency.
In sum, the mystery of the "Goering Bible" remains whole. Dr. Pellieux was not a Jewish doctor. His bible meandered about and most likely ended up in a Jewish collection somewhere between Beaugency and Paris, where the most likely candidate to have plundered it would have been the specialized library looting units of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR). There is no other way for Hermann Goering to have gained access to that 17th century bible unless it had come from the ERR.
Last but not least, the Israeli press was apparently unimpressed by the acts of plunder performed, in this instance, by French troops at Goering's Bavarian dacha. Could it be that our Israeli friends condone plunder by military elements? Or is this another case of "rescue" by Allied forces?
Keywords: Beaugency, ERR, Goering, Kedem Auction house, Loiret, Pellieux, Second Armored Division
"Portrait of Mary Robinson," by Joshua Reynolds
by Angelina Giovani
edited by Marc Masurovsky
Mary Robinson was one of the most famous actresses of the 18th century, who left behind a large number of portraits. The culmination of Mary's fame came after her performance as Perdita, in Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, which captured the heart of George, Prince of Wales, who fell madly in love with her. Hence, the name Perdita became permanently linked to her own and she came to be known as Mary 'Perdita" Robinson. Among the many artists who painted her portrait, the most notable is without a doubt Sir Joshua Reynolds. As his diary indicates, the artist made fourteen appointments for the actress to sit for him, resulting in at least five versions of the painting, all very similar to each other in both style and composition, the two main versions mirroring each other and seeming to differ only in the position of the hands or the feathers. The earliest version of the painting, which was purchased by Baroness Edmond de Rothschild, is the one now in the Waddesdon Collection.
A well-established Paris-based French art dealer and collector, René Gimpel, acquired one of Reynolds' versions of "Portrait of Mary Robinson" and appears to have placed the work in a storage unit at Garde-Meubles Robinot Frères, 86, boulevard Garibaldi, in Paris. During the German occupation of France, after Gimpel had fled to the south of France before being denounced, arrested and deported to Sachsenhausen, the entire content of his "garde-meubles" was confiscated by agents of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), operating under the aegis of the Mobel-Aktion [M-Aktion] agency, responsible for emptying out Jewish-owned apartments and storage units in German-occupied France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
The second volume of the Algernon Graves and W. V. Cronin catalogue raisonné of the works of Joshua Reynolds lists five versions of the "Portrait of Mary Robinson" or Mrs. "Perdita" Robinson. Catalogue entry (nr. 832) might be Gimpel's painting, since the other remaining versions produced by Reynolds can be traced to British and American collections with no noticeable provenance gaps.
Entry Nr. 832 reads:
"ROBINSON, Mrs. Mary; Half length, panel 29 1/2 x 24 1/2 in.; Nearly full faced; large black hat, white feather; dark dress; white lace scarf; red curtain background. Exhibited: Royal Academy, 1883, No. 274, by Colonel W. L. Grant." The catalogue for the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1883 does not list the full name of Colonel Grant, the 1883 owner, hence it still remains unknown how he acquired it and when he sold it.
The above catalogue description mirrors the one published in the first edition of the Graves and Cronin catalogue raisonné in 1899. At some point between 1970 and 1973, the art historian Ellis Waterhouse, while serving as acting director of the "Paul Mellon Centre for British Studies" in London, edited the Graves & Cronin catalogue with extensive annotations. Waterhouse made comments and corrections to all of the versions of the Portrait of Mrs. Robinson.
Waterhouse noted that the panel "Portrait of Mrs. Robinson" was in the Collection of Pierre Bordeaux-Groult. In the revised edition of the catalogue raisonné which appeared in the late 1980s, entry (nr. 1530) has been corrected as follows:
"Robinson, Mary (1758-1800)
Untraced
On Wood(EKW/G&C)
Provenance: Pierre Bordeaux-Groult, Paris, 1967 (PMC: Waterhouse files); untraced since."
A review of the Waterhouse files reveals that one of the copies of Mrs. Robinson, attributed to the Studio of Reynolds, was in the collection of E. C. Bacon, Thonak, in 1941. Below that, a note in pencil reads: "The original in Jean Groult Coll. Paris" and it is followed by a year. The file makes no reference to Pierre Bordeaux-Groult. Since the year has been transcribed to be 1967, we might assume that the authors believed it more likely for the work to be with Pierre Bordeaux-Groult, since Jean had passed away in 1951. But a closer examination of the numbers actually suggests that the date could very well be 1917, which makes better sense in relation to the Waterhouse original file.
How and when the painting, if it is the same one, went from Groult to Rene Gimpel is unknown. Meanwhile, Gimpel's "Portrait of Mary Robinson" has never been found and his heirs still have not recovered it as a WWII Holocaust-related loss.
Keywords: ERR, Joshua Reynolds, M-Aktion, Pierre Bordeaux-Groult, Rene Gimpel, Robinot Frères
Revisiting the WWII looted gold issue
[Editor's note: this brief expose was drafted in 2000 as part of the research being conducted at the Presidential Advisory Commission for Holocaust-era Assets (1999-2000). All of the documents produced by the so-called Gold Team of the PCHA are available for consultation at the William J. Clinton Library in Little Rock, AK.]
The US purchased gold at $35 per troy ounce from 1934 to 1968. The US sold gold during that period at $35 per troy ounce. The main instrumentality through which the US purchased gold was the Exchange Stabilization Fund.
The Exchange Stabilization Fund was established in 1934 under the Gold Reserve Act. The Secretary of the Treasury had exclusive control over the Exchange Stabilization Fund. The only official to whom the Secretary of the Treasury had to answer to for America's gold policy was the President of the United States. Together, these two individuals shared responsibility for gold bought and sold by the United States government through the Exchange Stabilization Fund. Based on the little evidence that we have seen so far, the President was kept apprised of the evolution of US gold policy, and of gold movements in other parts of the world.
The US government displayed little concern between 1934 and 1968 for the origin of the gold that it purchased from foreign central banks. A handful of officials, however, went on record from the late 1930s to the late 1950s to criticize the absence of an official screening policy of these gold inflows. Before the entry of the United States in the Second World War in December 1941, these officials focused their concerns on whether the United States should accept gold originating from German, Italian, and Japanese mints or gold sold by Germany, Italy, and Japan, that may have originated from other mints and fallen into the possession of the aforementioned Axis powers through acts of duress. These officials were also concerned that the Bank of England may have acquired some of this gold in the late 1930s and resold it to the United States as British gold. The same concerns applied to the Bank of France, the Bank of Belgium, and the Swiss National Bank.
During the Second World War, the United States was a net exporter of gold and therefore there was no issue about gold of dubious provenance entering the Federal Reserve system as an acquisition or an earmark.
At the end of the Second World War, the United States government discouraged the acquisition of gold bullion that may have been looted by the Axis powers from the central banks of countries that they occupied and annexed between 1938 and 1945. In particular, the United States government was reluctant to accept gold bullion minted at the Prussian State Mint in Berlin and by the Degussa smelting and refining company. Many of the bars ended up in the monetary reserves of the neutral countries, including Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, and Turkey. There was also suspicion that these bars were shipped to the central banks of Latin American countries, in particular, Argentina.
The United States and its allies negotiated with the neutral countries to persuade them to relinquish these looted bars so that they could be placed in a gold pot from which countries that had lost their gold during the war could reclaim at least a portion of their losses through a claims process administered by the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold.
These negotiations produced settlements which allowed the signatory countries to resume normal gold trade activities and especially to sell looted gold that they had acquired without fear of having to fight off claims by the governments of formerly occupied countries for the gold that they had lost and which was now in circulation again.
Some of this looted gold was used to obtain economic development loans and was posted as collateral to obtain the needed financing from American commercial banks. Some of this gold was also sold to the Exchange Stabilization Fund in exchange for dollars. This activity lasted from the late 1940s into the early 1960s.
From 1945 to 1955, there were concerns in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and in the Treasury about the presence of Prussian Mint bars in the earmarked accounts of foreign central banks at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. An audit conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in 1955 revealed that there were more than 2,000 Prussian Mint bars on deposit in the earmarked accounts of foreign central banks at the FRBNY. As of 1956, these same officials were less concerned about Prussian mint bars produced before 1945 than they were about Prussian Mint bars produced after 1945 in the newly-established German Democratic Republic (GDR).
In summary, the United States government did not have a policy in place to screen out gold bullion that it considered to have been fraudulently acquired by foreign central banks. For reasons of international monetary policy and foreign economic considerations, the United States government opted for a non-discriminatory approach to the buying and selling of gold bullion between 1934 and 1968, while gold was valued at the fixed price of $35 per troy ounce of fine gold.
When the United States acquired gold from foreign central banks, it made sure that, before being deposited in the Secretary's Special Account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, that gold was properly assayed and converted into US Assay Office bars. Hence, there is no question whatsoever about non-US Assay bars being in the possession of the United States government at any given time since the enactment of the Gold Reserve Act and the establishment of the Exchange Stabilization Fund.
When non-US Assay office bars are deposited on earmark in the accounts of foreign central banks at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, they are under nominal control of the United States government as custodian of these bars, much like a bank is the custodian of our funds when we deposit them in a savings or checking account. But the ownership of these assets still lies with the depositor. Thus, if one accepts this model, the United States government did come into the control of non-US assay office bars deposited in earmark accounts of foreign central banks, which were looted by the Nazis, as early as 1939-1940.
Non-US Assay Office bars and coins came under the control of the United States government in the European Theater of Operations, between 1943 and the early 1950s. As American troops swept through the various theaters of operations in Europe to defeat the Axis powers, they came across different categories of assets that had been looted by Axis troops and officials from their victims and the institutions of the countries that they had occupied and incorporated into the Third Reich.
Different procedures were established in the various theaters of military activity that governed the seizure, storage, classification, and disposal of these assets, including gold bullion. Did assets of victims of Nazi persecution fell into the hands of American troops at this particular time? The answer is affirmative. Did American troops know that these assets belonged to victims of the Nazis? The answer varies according to the level of understanding among these troops of the methods used by the Nazis to wrest valuables from their victims and the extent to which these valuables were processed through the Reich's monetary and financial institutions to gain access to foreign exchange.
With respect to gold bullion, American troops seized over three hundred million dollars (in 1945 dollars) of gold bullion during their campaign of liberation of Europe. There can never be a true accounting of the exact amount of gold found by these troops, their commanding officers, specialized intelligence units like T-Forces and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), its successor the Strategic Services Unit (SSU), as well as by the Counter-Intelligence Corps of the Army, and many other sub-units deployed in the field to gain control of enemy territory and administer the peace.
Because it was common practice in Europe to hoard gold bullion, American officials uncovered thousands of coins and small bars as belonging to private citizens. Under Military Government Law 53, the bulk of the privately-owned monetary gold was turned over to the US Military Government authorities in Germany in the immediate post-war years. The so-called Law 53 gold, or monetary gold owned by private individuals, was disposed of in many different ways. Some of it was placed in the gold pot and restituted to claimant countries. Some of it was claimed by the IRO, although we do not know whether the IRO actually obtained Law 53 gold. Most of Law 53 gold was infused into the German economy. Did Law 53 gold belong to victims of Nazi persecution? There can be no doubt of that.
American, British and French troops found the bulk of the monetary gold at the Merkers salt mine complex in Thuringia, Germany. According to traditional recounting of the story, Allied troops stumbled on the gold, our research shows that there is sufficient circumstantial evidence to demonstrate that senior American officers were aware that a substantial amount of gold that they referred to as "treasure" was located in Thuringia. But they were not sure where the Nazis had hidden it. Also, US intelligence reported that the nascent Nazi resistance movement called Wehrwolf hid gold in many places along the path of incoming American troops. This gold was slated for financing their anti-Allied activities in the period of occupation of Germany and Austria.
In the months preceding and following the defeat of Germany, American troops seized many caches of Wehrwolf wealth, as well as the contents of the Merkers mine, troves of gold coins belonging to sundry German government and security agencies in Germany, Austria, and northern Italy. The American military government authorities established a set of procedures to ensure the proper handling of these gold valuables. There is no doubt, however, that an untold amount of gold bullion ended up in the possession of American troops. That is the nature of war. The post-war black market, if anything, confirms this assertion since gold was the preferred currency of exchange to buy food and items like cigarettes, clothes, and other day-to-day items.
Were there any instances of documented deviations of captured gold bullion while in the custody of American troops and officials of Military Government? We have a few cases, but lack of time and resources has prevented us from conducting an exhaustive search for actual cases of misappropriations. The lack of obvious evidence of such diversions points to a small number of documented cases that researchers might come across in the files of the Theater Provost Marshal or of the Criminal Investigative Branch of the Army.
There are, however, several rumors of massive diversions of gold bullion by senior American officers which still warrant further investigation, owing to the magnitude of the amounts involved and the number of individuals involved. One concerns the so-called Mittenwald cache that was uncovered in southern Germany by American troops in early June 1945. The other pertains to gold bullion uncovered by the Third Army in Thuringia in April 1945 and illegally shipped from Europe to the United States in the summer of 1945. These two allegations deserve to be further investigated, only because of the fact that much has been written about them already and some form of closure is required to either confirm or infirm these rumors that cast a pall of suspicion on the US Armed forces.
Did victim gold come into the control of United States troops? The answer is affirmative. Victim gold was abundantly present at the Merkers as well as in more than forty other caches that the United States Army uncovered throughout the theater of operations. How did the United States government determine that the captured gold belonged to Nazi victims? US officials relied on captured German documents to reach these conclusions. In many cases, they assumed that this gold belonged to victims because of the circumstances surrounding its seizure—Axis police and security officials on the run often fled with booty seized from their victims that was easy to carry, namely gold coins, small bars (coin bars), jewels, precious stones, and cash.
How much control did US troops exert over these captured items? The level of control varied from military region to military region throughout the US zones of occupation. There were a number of irregularities noted in Austria where US intelligence operatives were divided over whether to recycle these captured valuables to finance their clandestine operations or if these valuables should be turned over to the proper finance authorities of US military government. As stated earlier, the conditions were ripe for small-scale thefts to occur, owing to varying levels of accountability or lack thereof. But, for the most part, we believe that these valuables were handled properly, for want of any serious evidence pointing in the opposite direction.
US officials, for the most part, considered captured gold bullion as monetary gold, therefore not subject to restitution to individuals or to organizations that provided relief and rehabilitation support to survivors of the Holocaust and to refugees in search of new homes. The Law 53 gold is a case in point. The most controversial aspect of this question involves the hundreds of tons of gold bullion seized by US troops at Merkers and other caches. Although this gold had been incorporated into the monetary reserves of the Third Reich, a cloud of suspicion as to its true origin has not been lifted since its capture.
The Slany report has devoted an entire chapter to this question. Its authors attempted to resolve this sensitive question in as balanced a way as possible. No one disputes the fact that victim gold was incorporated into the monetary reserves of the Third Reich. The argument centers on how much gold was incorporated into these reserves. Again, lack of time and adequate resources has prevented us from reaching some form of closure. We believe that a moral obligation exists to attain such closure. That is why we will make a recommendation along those lines to pursue the research effort into this question. To that end, we will propose a number of methodologies by which to reach a satisfactory level of closure. Hopefully, the symbolic value of such an effort is not lost on our colleagues and on the commissioners. To us, this gold is a constant reminder of the Shoah, how the personal belongings of millions of individuals who perished in the Holocaust became monetized into gold bars and coins to allow the Third Reich to prolong its policy of military conquest and extermination of those individuals whom they stripped of their personal belongings. The presence of these bars and coins in the reserves of central banks throughout the world, including our own, are a testament to the perversity of Nazi policies. We simply owe it to the victims to get the truth out.
The Allies determined that close to two-thirds of the bars found at Merkers were likely to contain traces of victim gold, some in larger quantities than others, depending on the quality of the melt performed either at the Prussian Mint or at the facilities of Degussa, the largest smelting and refining operation in Germany, and perhaps in Europe.
Gold Reserve Act of 1934
Exchange Stabilization Fund
Merkers mine
Degussa
Law 53 gold
Keywords: Exchange Stabilization Fund, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Gold Reserve Act, Mittenwald, PCHA, US Assay Office
"Le premier jour de printemps à Moret", by Alfred ...
"Premier jour de printemps à Moret" by Alfred Sisl...


THE CARROWMORE JUDGEMENT On 17 February 1989 the three judges in the Supreme Court upheld the appeal of five local residents against a High Court ruling in 1983 in the case of the proposal by Sligo County Council to locate a refuse dump in the Carrowmore megalithic cemetery, the largest such cemetery in the country and of importance not only in an Irish but also in a European context. The judges agreed that the High Court had erred in finding that the proposed refuse dump did not constitute a material contravention of the Co. Sligo Development Plan and was not in contravention o f the National Monuments Acts. This decision is of major importance on a number of grounds. The combination of the conditions of the Planning Acts and the National Monuments Acts were the basis for the appeal to the Supreme Court and this combination might be applied in other similar cases. The Supreme Court judgement was based on the recognition in the Sligo Development Plan of the importance of the Carrowmore cemetery and that the cemetery did not simply consist o f the remaining passage tomb sites but the area in between them. As Mr Justice McCarthy put it: 'If a particular area be identified as an area of conservation for any amenity reason, one does not then legitimately permit development to the very boundary of the area; either the area itself must be prescribed as extending to a sufficient circumstance as will allow for a fallow area in between, or must envisage that such fallow area shall adequately extend outside the immediate area of the amenity.' This legal view would seem to strengthen the basis for the concept of archaeological areas or landscapes.
Sligo County Council however is now faced with the legal costs of the case and the continuing problem of finding waste disposal facilities. It is to be hoped that this will not prevent them from seeing the tremendous potential attraction of Carrowmore. It would also seem an appropriate time for the Office of Public Works and Bord Failte to combine with the local authority to protect and present the Carrowmore cemetery as a landscape.
Mairead Dunleavy's Classification o f Early Irish Combs.
The first volume of the Tipperary Historical Journal, published by the County Tipperary Historical Society, contains a wide range of material and is over 200 pages in length. Included is a feature on heritage centres in Co. Tipperary and a number of papers of archaeological interest, for example, a discussion o f the important Early Bronze Age burial at Ballyveelish by Martin Doody and the report on the Lough Nahinch Crannog by M.P. Cahalan and A.M G. Hyland.
Volume 41 (1987-88) o f the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society Journal is a special issue devoted entirely to archaeological research and excavation in the west of Ireland. The contents include major research articles, 10 excavation reports and a section on the work of the OPW/UCG Preliminary Archaeological Survey of Co. Galway. O f the 19 contributors 17 are graduates of University College, Galway and for over half of them it is their first time in print. The Office of Public Works, who gave a generous grant towards the publication costs, and the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society are to be congratulated on the production of this volume which illustrates the amount and diversity of archaeological work being undertaken in the Galway area. Copies are available from Peadar O 'Dowd, c/o Regional Technical College, Galway, price IR£10.
Two recent books in the excellent Shire Archaeology Series are reviewed in this issue but we would also like to draw our readers's attention to the fact that Shire Publications of Aylesbury, Bucks., England also publish books in an Egyptian Archaeology series and in an Ethnography series which are similarly written by experts on particular topics and are well produced and reasonably priced.
The recent succesful conference on Burnt Mounds: Living Archaeology which took place in TCD is to have its proceedings published this year.


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Main Orphan Trains: The Story of Charles Loring Brace and the Children He Saved and Failed
Orphan Trains: The Story of Charles Loring Brace and the Children He Saved and Failed
Stephen O'Connor
In mid-nineteenth-century New York, vagrant youth, both orphans and runaways, filled the streets. For years the city had been sweeping these children into prisons or almshouses, but in 1853 the young minister Charles Loring Brace proposed a radical solution to the problem by creating the Children's Aid Society, an organization that fought to provide homeless children with shelter, education, and, for many, a new family in the country. Combining a biography of Brace with firsthand accounts of orphans, Stephen O'Connor here tells of the orphan trains that, between 1854 and 1929, spirited away some 250,000 destitute children to rural homes in every one of the forty-eight contiguous states.
A powerful blend of history, biography, and adventure, Orphans Trains remains the definitive work on this little-known episode in American history.
Categories: History\\American Studies
Download (epub, 4.84 MB)


text:
in Boarding School
810. Boarding schools in the town of Dehradun, India
The police is now investigating all the boarding schools in the town of Dehradun, India after several incidents shocked the community. A 9-year-old boy was allegedly molested by an adult who should look after the boy due to the Covid-19 lockdown which prevented his parents from getting him.
The incident is one among several reported from Dehradun's boarding schools in the last few years, including gang-rape of a class-10 girl by fellow students and the murder of a 7-year-old class-3 student by his seniors.
It seems that staying at boarding schools in this town cannot be fun as a child.
9-yr-old boy stranded in boarding school alleges sexual abuse by Warden (Times of India)
Dehradun boarding schools to be probed after sexual assault on a 9-year-old boy in hostel (Hindustan Times)
Dehradun boarding school 2018 rape case: Main culprit jailed for 20 years, school director for 9 years (New India Express)
School buries body of 12-year-old boy to hide brutal murder by senior students (Meaww)
Tags: arrest, Dehradun, gang-rape, India, investigation, murder, sexual abuse


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Media Center > Press Room > Press Release
World Learning to Implement U.S. Department of State Program to Expand Study Abroad at U.S. Higher Education Institutions
Publication Date: November 12, 2018
Publication Location: WASHINGTON
Contact: Amy Fisher Bruey | academicexchange@worldlearning.org
The U.S. Department of State has selected World Learning to implement a program supporting U.S. higher education institutions (HEIs) as they develop and expand their capacity to administer study abroad programs for Americans. The Capacity Building Program for U.S. Study Abroad is a program of the U.S. Department of State with funding provided by the U.S. Government.
The U.S. Department of State is committed to expanding study abroad opportunities for American students to ensure they gain critical skills in support of our national security and economic prosperity. The Capacity Building Program for U.S. Study Abroad is directed by USA Study Abroad, the branch of the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) focused on supporting American students who represent the rich diversity of the United States for study or internships in a wide variety of international destinations. In addition to providing direct scholarship opportunities for U.S. students, USA Study abroad offers resources for higher education institutions to strengthen their own study abroad offices and programs.
"We are pleased to add this Capacity Building Program for U.S. Study Abroad program to our suite of initiatives aimed at supporting the study abroad community. We look forward to coordinating with World Learning to make this program available to a diverse array of U.S. higher education institutions looking to expand opportunities for American students to gain overseas experience," said Heidi Manley, the chief of USA Study Abroad at the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. She notes that more information about USA Study Abroad's free resources is available at www.studyabroad.state.gov.
"Studying abroad allows students to gain the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in an increasingly globalizing world," said Lisa Posner Olocco, World Learning's vice president for global programs. "This program will help U.S. higher education institutions expand access to study abroad opportunities and improve U.S. student mobility abroad."
The program will broadly advance U.S. foreign policy goals in support of economic prosperity and national security. It will provide sub-awards to accredited HEIs to support initiatives that increase the number of U.S. undergraduate students studying and interning abroad, especially those from underrepresented groups, and diversify study abroad destination countries. Through these initiatives, selected institutions will help refine best practices in study abroad, including advances in programming, institutional partnerships, and technology.
Under the direction of ECA and with input from the U.S. higher education community, World Learning will create resources and implement workshops and trainings for the wider U.S. study abroad community to showcase these best practices and continue expanding study abroad opportunities on campuses across the United States.
For inquiries, please contact Amy Fisher Bruey at academicexchange@worldlearning.org.


text:
Hanna Methot
Is our society too politically correct?
Sofia Hashi | Fulcrum Staff
Illustration by Brennan Bova
There comes a time in all our lives when we wonder, "Did he/she really just say that?" The offending phrase could hit us at any time, whether in class, at a party, or during a casual conversation with a friend. While the verbal diarrhea spewing from certain people's mouths might make us cringe, it does make me wonder… Has our society become too politically correct?
The meaning of words always change over time, and whether a word is offensive or not depends on when—and where—you're saying it. Borderline racist terms continue to be removed from our vernacular in favour of more appropriate alternatives.
Who can forget when Queen's University professor Michael Mason faced an inquest for using terminology that students didn't feel comfortable with? Saying words like "Japs" and "towel heads" landed the tenured professor in hot water last fall. To be fair, Mason was teaching a colonial history class. His choice of language did have some context—he was quoting the language of the time, not spreading hate himself. Instead of taking that into consideration, students and Queen's administration overreacted without trying to understand what really happened.
Whenever a public figure steps out of line and says anything politically incorrect, the public jumps down his or her throat, often before really looking into the specific circumstances—and we can all say good riddance to that person's career. While I'm not advocating provoking people by using questionable language, these examples are just a reality of our too-sensitive, too-politically correct society.
Freedom of speech is an important right in our country. The fact that we won't get thrown behind bars for speaking out against the government or stating our opinions either online, or by using the media as a platform, or in any other public domain is a result of the times we live in. This right needs to be defended.
Hate speech, on the other hand, should never be defended. But what's deemed as hate speech is where the lines begin to blur. Thankfully we have a legal system in place to help clarify those lines.
The truth is, political correctness has gone too far. Are we too sensitive? Do we err on the side of pleasing everybody and not "saying it like it is?" Yes, to both. Our fear of displeasing anyone has destroyed our ability to be frank. We ridicule politicians for hiding behind rhetoric, but they're simply a mirror of our own selves and our own social fears.
Speech is a powerful tool. The language we use can sway people's opinions, thoughts, and beliefs; but at times it seems as if we're too afraid to speak. It's this fear and this political correctness that will end up silencing us. In our silence, we let others speak for us, and our needs and opinions might not be heard.
Say what you mean, but think before you say it. Don't let fear of backlash hush your voice, because it's important too.
Politically correctSofia Hashi
Fuck-it list
This summer I'm saying fuck it to slaving away and missing all the fun. If I want to take the full 12 days of Bluesfest off, I'm doin' it.
Arts Briefs
Iain Sellers, Arts & Culture Editor
Spartacus returns OTTAWA—POPULAR STARZ PROGRAM, Spartacus, returns to TV sets later this month. The action-packed, antiquity-set show brings forth a new lead actor and more bloodshed in its third installment of the series. Fans may be excited to see the return of the Roman drama, but Spartacus: Vengeance begins with a sombre note. This time …
They're new, but the best too
2012/03/28, 10:11 pm
IT'S LESS THAN a week until the JUNO's come to Ottawa, and the city has been buzzing with excitement. With tons of special events, chances to meet internationally recognized artists, and celebrity basketball and hockey games, it's no wonder that Canadian media coverage will be swarming Scotiabank Place on April 1. But before the city …
Heckles
The Tomato
So That's How My Life's Going
Philosophical Sh*t


ISS Austria has acquired JH Catering Ltd based in Graz.
Founded by Josef and Edith Hermann in 1992, JH Catering Ltd's core focus includes business catering at medium-sized and large companies, as well as snack services via workplace shops and vending machines.
With its concepts, JH Catering focuses on freshness, regional and seasonal ingredients, and a clear commitment to quality and sustainability, which also play a key role in ISS Austria's business catering brand, 'taste'njoy'.
Revenue generated by JH Catering Ltd was €8.4 million (£7.25 million) in 2018.
The company currently employs around 80 people, who will become part of the ISS family.
Josef Hermann will continue to support the business during the integration of JH Catering with the ISS brand.


text:
Fundraising Objectives
I really enjoyed Roland Martin. He was riveting and thought provoking. I think he woke up a lot of folks. And you did a great job of organizing the weekend. I think you single handedly doubled attendance! Elizabeth Lyons, TD Convention Center and President Elect of Rotary of Greenville
Elizabeth Lyons
With Greenville County being not only the last county in the state, but also the last county in the nation to approve the King Holiday, it became apparent that there was a significant opportunity to bring the community together to celebrate such an important and necessary milestone. As a result, MLK Dream Weekend, was initiated in 2006 to establish an annual community-wide celebration of the MLK Holiday for the Greenville, South Carolina area. The events serve to honor Dr. King's legacy and represent his values. Through these events, Greenville is setting forth new paradigms of togetherness, multi-cultural appreciation, spiritual renewal, and economic posturing. MLK Dream Weekend gives Upstate citizens an opportunity to honor the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., while celebrating the diversity of the community in which we live. With compassion, togetherness and a community spirit, Greenville has achieved success in its work to change lives by exploring possibilities and expanding potential for people of all races. By encouraging each other to take action on our dreams, we can change the future for ourselves and for all of Greenville County.
MLK Dream Weekend is more than just events that span over the holiday weekend. It is an organization of civic and business leaders committed to the cause of Dr. King and the people of Greenville County. The weekend is an opportunity to celebrate how much we've accomplished as a society since Dr. King inspired us with his dream and his actions.
The vision of MLK DW is to be the premier community-wide organization that honors the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.in the Upstate, S.C.
The mission of MLK DW is to honor Dr. King's legacy through a collaboration of community leaders, business executives, civic organizations and academic institutions to encourage and implement scholarships, diversity, community service and other values that represent Dr. King.


This free, live webinar is the 11th in a new series offered by NGPF that focuses on CONTENT KNOWLEDGE so that you can feel better prepared and more confident when teaching your students about this topic.
Throughout the webinar, there will be plenty of opportunities to ask questions and get support. Live participants will earn a PD certificate for one hour of professional development.


Tickets go on sale 10am on September 27, 2018.
#AtGBound is sung in English, with a new English libretto by Joel Ivany. With text of "The State" by Amanda Hadi. The performance is 1.5 hours with no intermission.
Graphic Design: Eitan Zohar. Illustration: Dmitry Bondarenko.
Prices exclude TicketLeap fees ($1.70–$2.60).
A limited amount of Rush tickets will be available each night of the performance, at the door. Rush Ticket prices will vary depending on which section has remaining tickets. Line up early for these (as early as an hour prior to showtime) in the Rush Line outside the doors at 1087 Queen Street West.
All photography by Darryl Block. For hi-res imagery, click here to download.
"I for one am very excited to see where this show might lead and what other "protests" it might inspire."
"They're fighting for rights that have been taken away"
"They're trying to make the politics behind BOUND fit the compelling humanity of opera."
"It might be the edgiest thing AtG has ever done."


A confession: I have not actually been listening to the GOP convention live. And I won't be listening to the Democrat convention either. I am not a partisan politics junkie.
So I get all my stuff second hand, usually filtered through NPR (and knowing that NPR is as annoying as Harry Shearer's "Continental Public Radio" parodies) or, increasingly from antiwar.com, The American Conservative, and occasionally salon.com (which can be more annoying and self-righteous, though not quite as vacuous, than even NPR). Which leaves me commenting on comments — blogging on blogs. And I always feel slightly fraudulent when I do that.
In Ryan's intellectual bubble, there are job creators and entrepreneurs on one side and parasites on the other. There is no account of the vast gray expanse of janitors, waitresses, hotel front-desk clerks, nurses, highway maintenance workers, airport baggage handlers, and taxi drivers. They work hard, but at the end of the day, what can they be said to have "built"?
We say to you that you have made the definition of a business man too limited in its application. The man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer; the attorney in a country town is as much a business man as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis; the merchant at the cross-roads store is as much a business man as the merchant of New York; the farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, who begins in spring and toils all summer, and who by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of the country creates wealth, is as much a business man as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain; the miners who go down a thousand feet into the earth, or climb two thousand feet upon the cliffs, and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured into the channels of trade are as much business men as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. We come to speak of this broader class of business men.
Part of me finds little difference between Galupo's estimation of Ryan thought and Bryan's words. What, after all, is the difference between and "entrepreneur" and a "businessman"?
Except there is a great deal of difference here. Bryan is defending the dignity of labor — something I'm not sure Democrat or Republican elites know how to really do anymore. It's certainly nothing either party would stoop to doing at this point. The man who works only with his muscles is still doing business — leasing his labor to someone who can pay. He still has property he trades on the open market, and deserves as much dignity and respect as any speculator or financier. Bryan is also defending the dignity of smallness in the face of bigness.
I suspect if pushed on the matter, Ryan would clearly get that. But the GOP has so bought into the language of heroic individuals — especially heroic capitalists battling the evil forces of predatory, regulatory government — that attempting to acknowledge the social grounding of entrepreneurialism is a form of socialism. Or perhaps even communism. Who ends up buying the goods and services provided by the heroic individual capitalist is then something of a mystery.


In this case, an employer initially permitted an employee to telecommute four days per week. When the employee's productivity declined, the employer informed her that she must improve her productivity or her telecommuting privileges would be suspended. One week later, the employee requested full-time telecommuting as an accommodation for her alleged disability. The employer denied her request and revoked her telecommuting arrangement altogether. The employee resigned and claimed that her employer subjected her to a hostile work environment, failed to accommodate her alleged disability, and constructively discharged her.
With respect to the employee's failure to accommodate claim, the court held that the employee failed to establish that she was, in fact, "disabled" within the meaning of the ADA. The court noted that having a medical diagnosis—in this case, anxiety and depression—and alleging that these conditions were made worse while working for the employer is not enough to establish a disability. The employee must also establish that that he or she was substantially limited with respect to a major life activity, which the employee in this case failed to do.
In addition, the court found that the telecommuting arrangement that the employee requested was not a reasonable accommodation because the employee was not able to satisfactorily perform her duties within that accommodation request. Further, the court found that the employee failed to engage in the interactive process in good faith insofar as she refused to sign a medical release permitting the employer to request medical information regarding her alleged disabilities in order to evaluate other potential accommodations and then resigned while the process was ongoing.
The judge granted summary judgment in favor of the employer on the employee's hostile work environment, failure to accommodate, and constructive discharge claims.
This case provides employers faced with a request for a telecommuting arrangement as a disability accommodation with several takeaways. Most importantly, this decision reminds employers that when engaging in the interactive process with an employee who has requested a disability accommodation, they may want to consider whether telecommuting constitutes a reasonable accommodation that would enable the employee to perform the essential functions of his or her position. The decision also demonstrates that courts may recognize that factors, such as an employee's performance issues, can undermine the reasonableness of a telecommuting arrangement as an accommodation.


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(-) Remove School Readiness filter School Readiness
MDRC's Research Agenda for Families & Children
Home Visiting and Coordinated and Integrated Early Childhood Systems
Funders at all levels are investing in programs to support expectant parents and families with young children. MDRC is conducting research in that field in three areas: integrating systems of services that work together, getting families and children the right services, and building evidence about promising models.
Evaluation of the Jumpstart Foster Grandparent Program
This report evaluates an early education program aimed at providing high-quality language and literacy instruction to children in underserved communities. The report examines how services delivered by senior volunteers enhanced preschoolers' experiences in the classroom and whether this program model shows promise for improving children's literacy and social-emotional development.
Building Basic Math Skills
Boot Camp at Tarrant County College
This study examined a "Boot Camp" program designed to reinforce basic mathematics functions for college students with limited math, reading, and writing skills, to prepare them for developmental-level courses. Three features made the program unique: computer-assisted, self-paced learning; a focus on individual learner progress; and in-class help from College-Readiness Advisors.
Integrating Workforce and College-Readiness Training into California's Adult Basic Skills Programs
New models for adult education that integrate basic skills education with workforce and college-readiness training are catching on across the country. In this report, MDRC examines the development of these programs in California and suggests ways to expand these integrated models in adult basic skills programs across the state.
Preschool to Third Grade Alignment
What Do We Know and What Are We Learning?
There is growing evidence that alignment between preschool and elementary school can help sustain the learning gains that children make in preschool. A new policy brief examines two large-scale, multiyear projects seeking to build rigorous evidence about the promise of aligning instruction from preschool through third grade.
Challenges and Opportunities in Summer Programs for Rising Kindergarten Students
One focus of the Expanding Children's Early Learning (ExCEL) Network is the potential value of programs to promote school readiness in the months preceding kindergarten. This brief summarizes lessons learned from a six-week pilot program and consultation with practitioners on three implementation issues — recruitment, attendance, and family involvement.
An Innovative Approach to Preparing Students for College and Careers
YouthForce NOLA
Career pathways programs, which equip high school students with the academic, technical, and "soft" skills they need to succeed, can also help meet local employer demand for skilled workers. This issue focus introduces one such initiative that uses paid internships to help students gain a foothold in a high-wage industry.
Strengthening Children's Math Skills with Enhanced Instruction
The Impacts of Making Pre-K Count and High 5s on Kindergarten Outcomes
This project tested whether high-quality, aligned math instruction, via an evidence-based curriculum in pre-K and innovative math clubs in kindergarten, could improve children's outcomes. The effect of two years of enriched math translates into closing more than a quarter of the achievement gap between low-income children and their higher-income peers.
Launching Kindergarten Math Clubs
The Implementation of High 5s in New York City
Small-group math clubs in kindergarten are an innovative way to align children's elementary and pre-K math experiences. In a demonstration of the High 5s kindergarten supplement aligned with the principles of an evidence-based, developmentally appropriate pre-K curriculum, attendance and engagement were high, and children participated in hands-on, individualized activities.
An Early Look at the Effects of Success Academy Charter Schools
Success Academy is a rapidly expanding charter school network in New York City. In this paper, MDRC uses lotteries for the seven Success Academy schools operating during the 2010-2011 school year to estimate the difference in students' academic achievement caused by Success Academy.
Foster Care and Juvenile Justice (0)
Preschool Children (17) Apply Preschool Children filter
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Children 0-5 (16) Apply Children 0-5 filter


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Q: Unable to find matching navigation case with from-view-id I am trying to implement simple page navigation. So whenever I click on login button it should simply redirect me to welcome page and show welcome message.

    <h:head>
        <title>External Resources</title>
    </h:head>
    <h:body>
        <ui:composition template="/WEB-INF/templates/template.xhtml">
            <ui:define name="css">
                <h:outputStylesheet library="css" name="index.css"/>
            </ui:define>
            <ui:define name="content">

Welcome to Login Page

                    <h:form id="login-form" prependId="false">
                        <h:panelGrid columns="5">
                            <h:outputLabel for="username" value="Username"/>
                  <h:inputText id="username" value="#{loginBean.user.username}" />

                            <h:outputLabel for="password" value="Password"/>
                <h:inputSecret id="password" value="#{loginBean.user.password}" />

                            <h:commandButton value="Login" id="cmdButton"
                            action="#{loginBean.goToWelcome()}"/>
                        </h:panelGrid>
                    </h:form>
            </ui:define>
        </ui:composition>
    </h:body>

this is my login bean which contains a goToWelcome method which returns string.
LoginBean.java
@SessionScoped
@ManagedBean
public class LoginBean implements Serializable{

    private User user;
    public LoginBean(){

    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        user= new User();
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String goToWelcome(){
        return "/pages/welcome?faces-redirect=true";
    }

}

the error says:-
Unable to find matching navigation case with from-view-id
'/index.xhtml' for action '#{loginBean.goToWelcome()}' with outcome
'/pages/welcome?faces-redirect=true'

A: There are many ways to return a page!

The very simple one : return a page like this for example in your backingBean:

return "DesiredPage.xhtml";

That page must be in WebPages folder.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dedicated to beauty, art, and freedom of expression, and, well, hot dudes, OhlalaMag is an internationally acclaimed online gay fashion magazine and photograph journal, conceived in Paris, but based in Hollywood. Colorola's objective was to create a versatile logotype, easily recognizable that could be uses across a plethora of platforms. As with many of our projects, we created 2 principal signatures: the Primary ID, a circular monogram used largely as a watermark for photos, but also for display and signage; and the Secondary ID, used on the masthead of the magazine format in a horizontal position.


All of my favourite hidden beaches, restaurants and surreal beauty of Pakleni Islands in one.
Pakleni Islands are sles perfect for a one-day getaway from often crowded city of Hvar. What I love to do is to take a little boat, commonly known as pasara in Croatia and explore the area of Islands by myself. They are incrediby affordable and you will have so much fun cruising around with one.
I won't reveal all of the names here, but if you are ever on Hvar, don't hesitate to contact me – I will gladly share all of my little secret places with you.


For over a decade, teeth whitening has been one of the most popular cosmetic procedures used to make teeth whiter, brighter, and more attractive.
Our Grandville dentists use professional teeth whitening treatments that are all safe and relatively painless procedures — ideal for most patients. There are several teeth whitening options available that can remove or reduce the signs of brown and yellow staining.
The most effective teeth whitening procedures are available through our Grandville family dentists. Our dentists can explain the pros and cons of each treatment and determine the best teeth whitening alternative based on the severity of tooth discoloration or tooth stains.
Tray whitening is a less expensive whitening treatment you can use while in the comfort of your own home to gradually whiten your teeth. This process starts in our office where we will take an impression of your teeth to create a customized clear tray that you will wear to whiten your teeth. Within a few days, your trays will be ready to be picked up and we will show you how to apply the special bleaching material to the trays.
The whitening gel trays should be worn up to twice a day for 30 to 60 minutes at a time. At the end of this period, you will see professional teeth whitening results that are nothing short of dazzling. Occasional treatment can be used at your convenience to maintain your new smile.
If you haven't been getting the results you want with over-the-counter teeth whitening treatments, why not call our Grandville cosmetic dentists? If you would like to schedule an appointment to learn more about our professional teeth whitening services, give us a call at (616) 534-0080.