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Der Reismus (von lat. res "Ding") bezeichnet bei Tadeusz Kotarbiński, einem Philosophen der neopositivistischen Lemberger Schule, die Theorie, dass nur die Dinge existieren, die der Mensch erkenne. Da es keine allgemeinen Dinge geben könne, sondern lediglich eine nicht begrenzbare Anzahl konkreter Körper, das heißt "Verkörperungen", verwandte Kotarbiński auch den Ausdruck Konkretismus.

Theorie der Namen

Der Reismus fußt auf Stanisław Leśniewskis ontologischem Namenskalkül, einer radikal nominalistischen Theorie. Er betrachtet als Namen Ausdrücke, die Subjekt oder Prädikat eines Satzes sein können, der Dinge oder Personen beschreibt. Ein Satz habe dabei die Form "A ist B", wobei ist als absolutes, fundamentales Sein begriffen werde. Dies Verständnis beruht nicht nur auf der mathematischen Struktur der Aussage, sondern auch wesentlich auf der polnischen Herkunft Kotarbińskis – wie das Lateinische verwenden auch die meisten slawischen Sprachen keinen Artikel. Kotarbiński unterscheidet

 singuläre Namen, die als grammatische Subjekte verwendet werden und Individuen oder Dinge bezeichnen (Plato, Tisch)
 allgemeine Namen, die nur Subjekt oder Prädikat allgemeiner Aussagen wie "jedes A ist B" sein können (Mensch, Stadt)
 leere Namen wie Einhorn, die kein Denotat repräsentieren und damit nicht Subjekt einer wahren Aussage sein können.

Alle diese Namen sind wirkliche Namen, das heißt Namen im eigentlichen Sinne. Als nicht wirkliche sieht Kotarbiński solche, die Eigenschaften, Beziehungen oder Zustände beschreiben; er nennt sie Pseudonamen oder Onomatoide (zu griech. ονομα "Name").

Alle wirklichen Namen sind konkrete grammatische Nomen, während abstrakte Begriffe Onomatoide sind. Diese Annahme beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass abstrakte Begriffe nicht sind.

Dies heißt, dass der Name Abfahrt in "Die Abfahrt des Zuges verzögerte sich" kein Designat besitzt – die Abfahrt ist nicht, da ja (korrekter gesprochen) der Zug verspätet abfährt; es handelt sich bei "verspätet" um eine Eigenschaft. Auch Beziehungen wie "Freundschaft" oder Zustände wie "Gleichheit" sind nach dieser Auffassung nicht.

Ontologischer und semantischer Reismus

Die Theorie des ontologischen Reismus besagt, dass nur Menschen und Dinge existieren. Das heißt, dass jedes Objekt entweder Mensch oder Ding sein muss. Auf Kritik insbesondere von Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Kotarbiński habe damit ein tautologisches System erstellt, präzisierte dieser den ontologischen Ansatz dahin, dass jedes Ding entweder Körper oder Geist sein müsse und dass jedes Wesen, das Geist beinhalte, zugleich Körper, das heißt konkrete "Verkörperung" sei. Die grundlegende Aussage, jedes Ding sei eine Verkörperung, umreißt die Bezeichnung Somatismus für die ontologische Richtung des Reismus.

Der semantische Reismus bezieht sich auf die Sprache, die die Welt beschreibt. Er erklärt die Möglichkeit, jede Aussage, die Pseudonamen enthält, in eine Aussage von ausschließlich wirklichen Namen zu überführen. Danach ist jeder Name, den die Alltagssprache enthält, auch ein Onomatoid. Dies ist eine drastische Verkürzung der aristotelischen Kategorien zu einer einzigen und wesenhaften, der Substanz, welche Substanzen als Unterschiedliches ausschließt. In seiner Systematik ist der Reismus als Konkretismus dabei der analytischen Philosophie Willard Van Orman Quines verwandt, in seiner philosophischen Prägung Rudolf Carnaps und Otto Neuraths Physikalismus.

Siehe auch: Logischer Empirismus, Wiener Kreis

Weblinks

Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts
Erkenntnistheorie
Ontologie


Dr. Robert Pastel and Dr. Charles Wallace of the Computer Science Department are co-principal investigators on a $249,840 award from the National Science Foundation (NSF) titled "Environmental Cyber Citizens: Engaging Citizen Scientists in Global Environmental Change through Crowdsensing and Visualization".
Citizen science aims to bring citizen scientists, ordinary individuals and groups, directly into the scientific inquiry process through legitimate and meaningful activities that are useful to the scientific community. The goal of the NSF-sponsored project is to use current computing technology to develop tools for environmental citizen scientists. A multi-disciplinary team of faculty and undergraduate students will collaborate with citizen scientist end users to develop and deploy data collection and visualization tools to monitor the critical ecosystems of Lightfoot Bay in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. These users will effectively engage in crowdsensing: supplying useful data over space and time through "strength in numbers" that would be difficult for individual scientists to collect.
One goal is to develop and use smartphone applications that make it easy to acquire environmental information: e.g., digital images, in-situ measurements of water quality parameters, and personal narratives. In addition, applications will be developed for transferring the acquired data synchronously or asynchronously to an interactive visualization website. On the visualization website, users will combine quantitative data in meaningful ways while framing or annotating it with qualitative data. The smartphone applications and visualization tools will be developed in undergraduate design courses within the Computer Science Department.
The project is highly interdisciplinary, involving Dr. Alex Mayer (principal investigator) of Civil & Environmental Engineering, as well as faculty in Chemical Engineering and in Forest Resources & Environmental Science. In addition, it will build upon existing educational programs at Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College, several local high schools, and the Keweenaw Land Trust. Research scientists at IBM researching crowdsensing will also collaborate.


The Clean Water Act of 1972 (CWA), as amended, is the law governing most of MSD's operations, and is the basis for the Federal Consent Decree. The overall goal of the CWA is to restore our nation's waters to a condition that is "fishable and swimmable." This seemingly simple objective resulted in a large body of regulations, policies and guidelines , known as the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). This particular program establishes the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and sanitary sewer overflow (SSOs).


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Google Ranking Factors
Most Important Google Ranking Factors and Optimization Tips
Because Google is the world's most widely used search engine, ranking well on Google is quite essential. It commands a staggering 92% of the market share. Google analyses users' search queries to identify the websites that provide the best quality and relevance and then displays those results.
If your page is ranked high enough to appear on the top page of Google, it will instantly create more traffic and, as a result, more business or visibility.
Positioning on the pages of a search engine results page (SERP) is an essential part of search engine optimization (SEO) (search engine result page). To be considered an SEO expert, one needs to have a comprehensive understanding of the Google algorithm as well as the Google ranking factors.
Continue reading for some new Google search ranking variables implemented in 2022 and will be going forward to 2023:
What factors does Google use to rank pages?
Optimizing your website to achieve the highest possible ranking in organic search engine results is called search engine optimization (SEO) (and yes, you can aim for the first page). When discussing search, we refer to search results that are not paid for with the phrase "organic," which stands for "natural." These contrasts paid results derived via pay-per-click (PPC) advertising.
Your website's organic ranking on Google is established by an algorithm that considers various features and SEO metrics; these criteria determine your rating.
There are about 200 different elements that go into Google's ranking algorithm, and while we will never have complete knowledge of all of them, we do have a good deal of it. Additionally, while ranking variables and algorithms are subject to change, the qualities that Google attempts to identify through these elements are competence, authority, and trust.
Google's several types of ranking factors.
Let's start by going over the different categories of Google ranking factors before we get into the top factors you can optimize your website pages for:
On-page ranking criteria refer to the quality of the material currently on the page and the keywords it targets.
Backlinks are the most important component of off-page ranking considerations, which can be considered recommendations from other pages on your site or other websites.
Your website's capacity to be crawled, indexed, and render material swiftly and safely for searchers is one of the considered technical ranking elements.
Local ranking considerations include all three aspects, emphasizing listings, reputation, and reviews.
No ranking criteria will make or break your search engine optimization (SEO). Instead, it is the sum of all your technical, on-page, and off-page efforts that, when combined, will help you get a higher ranking on Google, increase the amount of traffic you receive, and establish credibility.
Google BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) Algorithm Update
BERT is a machine learning framework that is open source and designed for natural language processing (NLP). BERT is a tool that was developed to assist computers in understanding the meaning of ambiguous language in written form by using the text located around it to construct the context. The BERT framework was pre-trained using the help of text from Wikipedia, and it can be fine-tuned with the help of question-and-answer datasets.
Transformers is a deep learning model in which every output element is connected to every data item, and the weightings between them are dynamically calculated based on their relationship. BERT, which refers to Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, is based on Transformers. (This process stage is referred to as attention in NLP.)
Historically, language models could only read text input sequentially, left-to-right or right-to-left, but not simultaneously. This meant that the models could only read either left-to-right or right-to-left. Because it may be read either way at the same time, BERT is not like other reading systems. The invention of Transformers made it possible to achieve this feature, referred to as bi-directionality.
BERT is pre-trained on two distinct but related natural language processing (NLP) tasks: masked language modelling and next-sentence prediction. This bidirectional capacity is utilized to do this.
CIS (Center for Internet Security) Update
The Center for Internet Security (CIS) published best-practice security guidelines for many different systems. An excellent security posture can be supported by following the Container-Optimised OS CIS Benchmark guidelines.
Why Duplicate Content is Harmful to your Website
You create duplicate content whenever you purposefully reuse the same text in different locations across your website and social media platforms. When investigating allegations of plagiarism, website proprietors frequently discover that a rival website has published information that has been plagiarized.
These are some examples of duplicate content that comes from outside sources. It refers to publishing on one website content that is an exact copy of that published on another website.
Internal content duplication refers to creating multiple versions of the same material on your website. This may be done on purpose in some instances; a site owner may recycle a carefully crafted value proposition in several different locations throughout the website.
In some instances, duplicate content is produced internally due to boilerplate text. Take, for instance, shopping at an internet retailer. To populate one hundred product pages with text, you must use either a template or an automated procedure. The template will likely place the boilerplate copy on each page.
The issue arises when that content needs to be adequately revised on each page, resulting in multiple pages with the same text except for a unique product blurb.
This kind of repetition can extend to a website's metadata tags and URLs, which can cause search engines to become perplexed and lead to erroneous pages being returned in the results of a search.
According to Google's official policy, the search engine does not penalize websites with the same material. However, it does filter duplicate content, which results in the same negative effect as a penalty: a drop in ranks for your website's pages.
Google is thrown off by the same material, which compels the search engine to decide which of two identical pages to place higher in the search results. It does not matter who created the material; there is a significant chance that the page that was initially published will not be the one that appears at the top of the search results.
Why EMD (Exact Match Domain)is most Important in SEO
Suppose you want to effectively remain on the top rankings of the most prominent search engines. In that case, you will need to understand the many optimization difficulties in the online world in this modern day and age. In the modern world of the web, tackling the many different kinds of complicated optimization procedures can be an extremely challenging task many times. The exact match domain is an example of one of these challenging and difficult optimization approaches (EMD).
An exact match domain, also known as an EMD, is a domain name that corresponds directly to the services offered by the company. This type of domain name reflects searched-for terms and commonly assists in driving traffic to the website. Take, for instance, the case in which the name of your website's domain is. This particular EMD technique is used as a time-saving shortcut to reach the top of the search engine results page.
Google Freshness Algorithm: Does Fresh Content Impact SEO?
The Freshness Algorithm of Google selects and presents to users, in response to specific search queries, the information that has been most recently updated and is most relevant. Pages with less traffic but more recent material are pushed further down the search engine results page (SERP) to make room for older, less relevant pages that once had a high rating.
How Does Google's Helpful Content Update Impact SEO?
The beneficial content update that Google released is a signal for the entire website. It goes after websites with relatively large content, either unsatisfactory or unhelpful, and where the content was prepared with search engines in mind first and foremost. Google wants to reward better and more valuable material written for people and to assist users.
A topic that has been popping up more and more frequently across social media and other sectors is material written to rank in search engines. This type of content may be labeled "search engine first content." In a nutshell, internet users are becoming increasingly annoyed when their searches lead them to web pages that are of no use to them but rank well in search results due to deliberate optimization efforts.
Why Links Analysis Are Important for SEO?
Link analysis is a method of data analysis that focuses on the interconnections and interactions within a dataset. Calculating centrality metrics, such as degree, betweenness, proximity, and eigenvector, is one of the things you can do using link analysis. Using a link chart or link map, you can also visualize the relationships between nodes.
Page Rank Algorithm and Implementation
Google Search employs a ranking system known as PageRank (PR) to order the webpages that are returned in search engine results. Larry Page, one of Google's founders, inspired the naming of the PageRank algorithm. PageRank is a method for determining the relative relevance of individual websites. PageRank is a method for roughly estimating a website's level of importance calculated by calculating the number and quality of links that point to a specific page. The fundamental presumption is that more significant websites will likely receive more links from other websites.
Is Google's MUM (Multitask Unified Model) A Search Ranking Factor?
In June of 2021, the Multitask Unified Model (MUM) update was finally made available to users. It is a multimodal algorithm aimed at overcoming difficulties associated with language usage and enhancing users' search experiences. This algorithm can take complicated queries and provide a single, actionable result without requiring numerous searches. It accesses material written in various languages, photographs, videos, and audio to accomplish this. Since its inception, Google has consistently ranked among the most important search engines utilized by people all over the world.
Google is continuously looking for new ways to enhance its user experience and services to maintain its position as an industry leader. Google has made thousands of adjustments to its search algorithm throughout its history. These algorithm updates are focused on improving the experience of the user. Changes to algorithms significantly influence how your company will appear in digital marketing searches.
Removal-based demotion system
Google has regulations that make it possible to remove specific categories of information. However, we take it as an indication that we need to enhance our outcomes if we have to handle a significant number of deletions of this kind affecting a certain location. In particular, the elimination of legal information and personal information.
What is Google Page Experience Update?
These metrics aim to determine how a user will perceive the experience of a particular web page, such as whether or not the page loads quickly, if it is mobile-friendly, runs on HTTPS, the presence of intrusive ads, and if content jumps around as the page loads. Google has a thorough developer document on page experience criteria, but these metrics seek to determine how a user will perceive the expertise of a specific web page.
What Does Google Passage Ranking Mean for SEO?
Thanks to a passage ranking feature, Google can identify the subjects of individual passages on the same page and score them independently. For example, imagine you wanted to search "how to set up your AT&T router." You would type that into a search engine. Initially, it's possible that the articles that provided a general overview of the subject were the ones that dominated the top-ranking results.
How Product Reviews Help Boost Ranking
Participation in the Product Rating program allows you to display compiled ratings of your wares to people shopping on Google. In addition, product ratings are included in paid advertisements and free product listings. These ratings range from one to five stars and represent the total number of reviews for the rated item.
The recent tweak to the "Product Reviews" algorithm on Google has significant repercussions for a very particular subset of the information available on the internet, namely product review articles, and blogs. And with the roll-out of this algorithm comes additional thorough instructions for marketers and businesses regarding what constitutes good content and how to develop it.
Why Does Original Content Matter for SEO?
Content never seen before is said to be "original." Also, unlike reposting, sharing, or curating content from another source or organisation, this is content you've created yourself. You can spread a mixture of original and curated material, especially social media
There is a wide range of originality in published material. Blog postings illustrate this well because they typically provide a new angle on an existing concept or event. A higher value is attached to content resulting from original research or distinctive thought leadership. Original content is at its best when it is well-researched and tailored to the target audience's needs. Displaying original, high-quality material, rather than rehashing someone else's ideas, is a hallmark of this publication. The more value it provides, the higher it will be ranked, the more people will share it, and the more attention and respect your brand will receive.
Understanding Google Rank Brain And How It Impacts SEO
The RankBrain component of Google's core algorithm is responsible for determining which search engine queries return the most relevant results by employing machine learning, which is the capacity of machines to educate themselves based on the inputs they are given.
Before the introduction of RankBrain, Google relied on its standard algorithm to decide which results to display in response to a certain query.
Reliable information systems
Many individuals turn to Google Search whenever they have a query, whether to learn more about a topic or verify a friend's alleged knowledge of obscure sports statistics. Google receives billions of daily requests because users know they will most likely obtain information that is both useful and trustworthy.
Google's ability to provide a superior search experience is central to the company's usefulness. Google has always been ahead of the competition because of its excellent grasp of the quality of web material, something that has been true ever since the company released the PageRank algorithm.
But many wonders: what exactly do you mean by "quality," and how do you figure out how to ensure that the information people see on Google can be trusted?
Their strategy for ensuring high-quality data may be broken down into three main parts.
First, they construct their rating systems to pinpoint data that users are most likely to find relevant and trustworthy.
In addition, Google has implemented various Search features that assist you in making sense of the material you're viewing online and give you instant access to information from authorities like health organisations and government agencies.
Google has rules regarding the type of content displayed in Search features. These rules exist to ensure that users only see relevant and valuable results.
Using these three strategies, Google can keep pushing the search boundaries and ensuring that users everywhere have a positive and reliable experience.
What is Site Diversity Update Analysis?
Link diversity refers to utilizing a variety of specific backlinks to leave a completely random footprint on the internet, one that the Google algorithms are unable to identify and are consequently unable to penalize a website for. Eliminating potential barriers is another way that link diversity helps streamline the ranking process.
What is the Link Spam Update
Google implements continuous modifications to its spam filter to keep the quality of its search results high. The purpose of Google's spam updates is to enhance the performance of its automated algorithms, which are always active in the background and are designed to identify spam in search results.
According to Google's definition of spam, it is very difficult to commit the crime of spam without being aware of it. Google has a very narrow definition of what it regards to be spam. Most of what it classifies as spam are low-quality websites that deceive people into installing malware or disclosing their personal information.
Local Search Ranking Update
A local system account is a type of user account generated by an operating system during setup and used for tasks specific to that OS. User identifiers used for system accounts are often predetermined (e.g. the root account in Linux.)
Some fuzziness exists between system accounts and service accounts. Many system accounts function like service accounts in that they run OS processes. System administrators also use other system accounts, such as the root account, to access the system.
You can restrict access to a single machine (workstation or server) using a local system account. When a user logs into a local account, the machine uses their credentials (username, password, and SID/UID) to verify their identity.
A service is granted full access to the machine's hardware and software when executed under the local system account. Thus, exercising caution while configuring services to use the local system account is crucial. For instance, a service operating as "LocalSystem" on a DC would be granted full permission to access AD DS. Therefore, the whole network is vulnerable to any service weaknesses.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home/Europe/Greece Faces Unique Challenges in Battling the Coronavirus
EuropeGreeceMigrationPoliticsSectors
Greece Faces Unique Challenges in Battling the Coronavirus
As the number of coronavirus cases in Greece slowly rise, the government must contend with turning the tide not just for their citizens, but for those stuck in refugee camps and detention centres
B. Lana Guggenheim April 14, 2020
A recent rise in migrants entering from Turkey is filling Greece's already crowded detention centres. With Covid-19 plaguing countries around the world, migrants in refugee centres already surpassing max capacity are at high levels of risk, with cases of the virus already confirmed. Copyright: Deliris / Shutterstock.com
As of April 13, Greece had more than 2,145 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 and a total of 99 associated deaths. Most of those who have lost their lives were elderly and experiencing underlying health issues.
"The war has not been won yet," said Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis during a televised address on Monday evening, adding that citizens' compliance with the lockdown measures during the Orthodox Holy Week was "the most crucial" element in the fight against the pandemic. As one of the first European countries to go into lockdown, Greece is determined to avoid the health crisis that is being lived by other countries such as Italy and Spain.
Greece has been praised internationally for acting quickly to combat the virus by implementing social distancing measures, followed by a full lockdown early on. The prompt measures provided the government with precious time to prepare Greece's healthcare system to abate the impact of the pandemic, which had suffered significant funding cuts due to austerity measures imposed during the crisis years.
Residents are not allowed to leave their homes unless it is for an essential reason, such as picking up groceries, going to a pharmacy, or attending to a medical need. Those who do venture outside must carry with them an ID and a Certificate of Citizens' Movement each time they leave their home. Meanwhile, travel to Greece's islands for leisure is outright banned, including for those who have second homes, as many of the islands lack the resources to handle a widespread outbreak.
Greece is also using surveillance drones and helicopters to enforce the lockdown, and those who fail to heed the restrictions face a 150 euro fine.
And while many of those infected have already recovered, the country still remains on shaky territory. Initial targets have been set to gradually lift the restrictions on people's movement by May 10, but the government has said life will not return to 'normal,' including the lifting of travel restrictions, until mid-June or early July.
"We are not at the beginning of the end, rather at the end of the beginning," Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis told parliament, in a plea to citizens to stay home and practice social distancing. "April will be the most critical month, if we relax we will pay for it and we must not let this happen". Copyright: Alexandros Michailidis / Shutterstock.com
A Unique Problem
Given Greece's nature as a main point of entry for land and sea arrivals of migrants attempting to enter the European Union, the country hosts a large number of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, many of whom are housed in camps and detention centres. These holding spaces are often overcrowded and struggle to maintain hygiene standards. The EU-funded camp in Samos, for example, was built in 2016 to house 640 people, and is now home to at least 3,745 refugees.
The coronavirus has been confirmed in migrant camps on the island of Lesbos, as well as the Ritsona camp close to Athens. These sites present a unique risk during the pandemic, and human rights groups have been urging Greece to take action to reduce the risk of infection.
"Refugees in camps are at high risk of acquiring infectious diseases due to crowded conditions with poor hygiene and sanitation", said Kayvan Bozorgmehr, a doctor and professor from the School of Public Health at Bielefeld University in Germany, who is among those calling for the evacuation of Moria, an overcrowded camp on Lesbos island. "It is very likely that refugees will become infected with the…virus in host communities or in hospitals. An uncontrolled spread in camp contexts, such as those on the Greek islands, may lead to a public health disaster as measures of social distancing and quarantine are impossible in these settings."
"It is urgently needed to evacuate migrants out of the Greek islands to EU countries", said Leila Bodeux, Policy and Advocacy Officer for Caritas Europa, an aid agency.
In an aim to reduce viral transmission, the government has put the camps on lockdown. This includes the suspension of activities and facilities in camps, such as informal schools and visitation, and migrants exiting the area to seek supplies or work opportunities. While aid services have still been allowed entry and access, the measures have been criticised for leaving asylum seekers and migrants in a state of limbo.
In a bid to protect those most vulnerable to the virus, on Monday the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mission Chief for Greece, Gianluca Rocco, announced that more than 2,000 asylum applicants on Greek islands will be temporarily moved to hotels and apartments on the islands and the mainland, as a precautionary measure. The initiative, approved by Greece's Migration Ministry and funded by the EU, targets people over 65 years of age, said Rocco.
Meanwhile, suspension of asylum and relocation has become an acute concern during the pandemic, with Greece already taking a more hardline approach than some in Brussels would prefer. On March 1, the government suspended new asylum applications for the duration of the month and sent military personnel to the border shared with Turkey to forcibly halt migrant arrivals. Greece was also accused of housing migrants at a secret location and returning them to Turkey without due process, in violation of international law. Thousands of migrants languish on the border in sub-par conditions, some of whom were deliberately bussed there by Turkey in an attempt to pressure Greece and the EU.
Greece contends that it receives insufficient EU support to care for the numbers of migrants that come to their shores. Mitsotakis has said that "The conditions are far from ideal but I should also point out that Greece is dealing with this problem basically on its own…We haven't had as much support from the European Union as we wanted".
Turkey and Greece have clashed over the fate of migrants desperate for asylum and safety, and to assuage them both, the EU has promised to take in 1,600 unaccompanied children currently housed in camps and detention centres. Even still, many in the camps – including the elderly and immunocompromised – remain at risk.
Economic Shutdown
Despite the years of austerity undergone by the Greek people to get the country back on track after the financial crisis, the mass shutdowns mean a recession is all but inevitable, with OECD estimates projecting a 35 percent decline in yearly GDP.
To keep the economy afloat during the pandemic, the government has announced support measures for small businesses and the private sector worth nearly 7 billion euros. "We are implementing policies to keep the economy alive", said Finance Minister Christos Staikouras.
The March-April aid package amounts to 6.8 billion euros, equivalent to 3.5 percent of GDP, and is inclusive of an 800-euro benefit for 1.7 million private-sector employees. This is worth 81 percent of the impacted private-sector workforce that have been suspended from their employment contracts. A freeze on their value added tax and debt payments to the state has also been enacted for four months.
"The damage to the economy will be great, but temporary", said Staikouras. The Greek government also plans to provide 1 billion euros in loan guarantees to struggling businesses.
aid package coronavirus covid-19 disease Economy EU Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis lockdown Migrants pandemic Refugees social distance Syria Turkey
B. Lana Guggenheim
Lana is a freelance journalist based in New York City. She has a M.Sc. in International Conflict from the London School of Economics and Political Science. She has worked as an analyst, reporter, and editor, covering extremism, culture, economics, and democracy.
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Birmingham Constructs £188 Million Library But Can't Afford to Fill It with New Books
After constructing an £188 million library, Birmingham councils are now asking the public to donate books after running out of money.
Birmingham City Council confirmed it put its book fund on pause after a result of budget cuts. As a result, the libraries in Birmingham, including the one recently built for £188 million, have been asking patrons to donate any new books, which would be "gratefully received", as they will not be purchasing any new books or newspapers in the meantime.
The new library only opened up 15 months ago and was opened by the Nobel Prize winner, Malala Yousafzai. It has since had to cut back on the number of staff working there, the opening hours, and has had many of its other services cancelled, as well.
A trustee of the The Library Campaign, Elizabeth Ash, tells the Telegraph: "It's unbelievable. They've spent all that money on that big library, then cut the hours; now to appeal for books is just madness."
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Oddball News Copyright © 2021.


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"Angry" is a popular song, with lyrics by Dudley Mecum and music by Henry Brunies, Merritt Brunies, and Jules Cassard, written in 1925. Ted Lewis and His Band first recorded the instrumental version on June 22, 1925, and then on June 26, 1925, The Whispering Pianist (Art Gillham) recorded the first vocal version.

The song is considered a barbershop quartet standard and was used as the signature song of popular big band bandleader leader Harry Lawrence "Tiny" Hill. Hill made three recordings of the song, the first being on Vocalion Records #4957 on June 1, 1939. Hill's later recordings were both released on Mercury Records in 1946 #1053 (recorded 1945) and #6001.

Other notable versions
Rosemary Clooney - for her album Rosie Solves the Swingin' Riddle! (1961).
Perry Como - included in his album We Get Letters (1957).
Earl Hines and his orchestra recorded the song on 13 September 1934 for Decca Records (catalog No. 183A), in an arrangement by bassist Quinn Wilson.
Kay Starr - a single release that reached No. 26 in the Billboard charts in 1951.

References

1925 songs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace Stripe.BillingPortal
{
    using Newtonsoft.Json;

    public class ConfigurationFeaturesInvoiceHistoryOptions : INestedOptions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Whether the feature is enabled.
        /// </summary>
        [JsonProperty("enabled")]
        public bool? Enabled { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Werner Herzog: Lessons of Darkness
West Germany1982
158 DCP
November 7, 2021 7:00
New Restoration
"There has never been another movie like it … A film in the great tradition of grandiose cinematic visions, like Coppola's Apocalypse Now or Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey."
Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
A decade after Aguirre, the Wrath of God, Werner Herzog returned with Klaus Kinski to the Peruvian jungle for another tale of mad, monumental obsession—and indulged in some loony, now-legendary obsessiveness of his own! Kinski plays 19th-century Irish rubber baron Brian Sweeney Fitzgerald, an eccentric dreamer determined to build an opera house in the Amazon. His wild scheme involves dragging a massive steamship over a mountain, utilizing the labour of the area's often-hostile Indigenous people, the Jivaro. In depicting his hero's folly, Herzog chose to live it: to drag an actual steamship over an actual mountain, with the help of not-always-cooperative locals. Herzog received the Best Director prize at Cannes, but also drew flak for endangering his cast and crew, including the many Indigenous workers and extras employed on the film. The whole perilous production was famously chronicled in Les Blank's essential documentary Burden of Dreams, also screening in this retrospective. In English.
Restoration courtesy of Shout! Factory and the American Genre Film Archive
"Some kind of appropriately eccentric and monumental marvel … Herzog demonstrates once again in his always suspect yet somehow irresistible way that 'only dreamers move mountains.'"
Paul Taylor, Time Out
"Fitzcarraldo may well be a madman's dream, but it's also a fine, quirky, fascinating movie. It's a stunning spectacle, an adventure-comedy not quite like any other."
Vincent Canby, New York Times


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Nigeria: Amid Insecurity, North Battles to Keep Children in School
A request to reopen Madobai Primary School was submitted in mid-November to authorities in Kankara Local Government Area of Katsina State. It is one of the over two dozen primary schools forced to shut their doors to students following attacks by bandits on farming communities in the local government, leading […]
A request to reopen Madobai Primary School was submitted in mid-November to authorities in Kankara Local Government Area of Katsina State.
It is one of the over two dozen primary schools forced to shut their doors to students following attacks by bandits on farming communities in the local government, leading to the desertion of dozens of villages by inhabitants.
Kankara, like a number of other local governments in Katsina and other parts of Northern Nigeria, is bedevilled by an impetuous security challenge which has resulted in mass displacement and made learning challenging in a region characterised as "educationally backward".
The school in Madobai was shut down at the onset of the rains, some six months ago, over escalating attacks meant to wade off the rural communities from their farms.
Residents of the tripartite communities of Madobai, Gidan Adu and Jaga came under incessant attacks orchestrated by a notorious gang leader called Likita.
Like in most areas facing similar security challenges, the people in these communities suffered days of sleepless nights as marauders routinely arrived at night, shooting sporadically.
The attackers' major aims were cattle rustling and kidnapping for ransom. To achieve these, they created a commotion by shooting at anyone at sight, thereby killing many.
One day, however, the emboldened attackers came during the daytime, throwing Madobai and its neighbours into pandemonium as they attacked residents near the primary school.
Villagers who had defied the night raids to remain in the area had to now seek refuge. The school shut down willy-nilly.
Students on break time at Nuhu Model Primary School, Kankara
"A meeting was called recently, and at the end of the meeting we mandated the school's headmaster to write the Local Education Authority (LEA) in Kankara to allow resumption of classes," Ibrahim Lawai, a resident of Jaga, one of the beneficiary communities of the school, told Daily Trust.
With the communities' outlaw, Likita, said to have been killed, attacks around the area have reduced lately making residents to settle back into their homes and pick up the pieces of their disrupted lives.
"Since most people are back, we feel our children should be back in school. We should not allow them to lose out," said Lawai.
While Madobai prepares to reopen its school, many other schools in Kankara LGA have no date in sight on when to reopen.
Daily Trust gathered that while over 15 schools have remained shut, at least three others in the area run skeletal operations, with teachers and local authorities battling to keep the children in school by improvising strategies to ensure learning continues.
An education officer in the local government who spoke on the condition of anonymity explained how these schools have continued to operate.
"The schools in Dan Sabau, Santar Guraje and Tsamiyar Jinu are still open. But because of the security threats in those areas, no one outside can go in or out of those villages.
"So what was decided is for teachers from those places to be taking care of the schools," he said.
The strategy, he said, is part of the larger resolve by local leaders, security agents and education authorities in the area to ensure that learning continues amidst the challenges.
Kankara was shot into greater prominence a year ago when dozens of gunmen raided Government Science Secondary School (GSSS), Kankara, overnight on December 11, and herded 344 students into the bush.
The mass abduction – the largest yet anywhere in the country, sent shockwaves to communities far and near and resulted in the closing down of schools in Katsina and some of its neighbouring states.
With the experience of that abduction still fresh in the minds of parents and authorities in the state, and with the unabated hostilities from the bandits, schools under threat are still shut to avoid a repeat of the dark day in December.
The situation is similar in Batsari Local Government, also in Katsina State, where a number of schools in the western part of the local government headquarters are disrupted.
Our reporter who visited the town gathered that any movement two kilometres outside Batsari on the western plank towards Jibia exposes one to danger.
Daily Trust learnt that aside some primary schools affected, a major secondary school, Government Secondary School (GSS), Ruma, has remained shut since the abduction of the school's principal was abducted in May.
Many adjoining communities have also been either sacked or under constant raids by armed men.
Making worse a bad situation
Northern Nigeria has a heavy burden of out-of-school children. For decades, policymakers and other leaders have battled to re-route the region's disinterest in modern education, chiefly called Western education -from its Western colonial heritage.
While localities move at different paces in their reception to this form of education, the gap between the North and the rest of the country remains wide.
It is the same with the statistics of out-of-school children, where the North takes the lion's share of the national tally.
"Everybody knows the North is at a disadvantaged position educationally. In the North, school abductions will have multiplier negative effects on our school system," said Ibrahim Katsina, a security expert and adviser to Katsina governor on security.
According to the World Bank, by 2013, 13.2 million school-age Nigerian children were out of school, with "overwhelming majority" of them in the North "where out-of-school children rates are also higher among girls in rural areas and from poor families."
The Minister of Education, Malam Adamu Adamu, had blamed the staggering statistics on increased activities of insurgents, abduction of students and general insecurity, which he said collectively contributed immensely to the growing number of out-of-school children in the country.
The minister, who spoke at the 65th National Council on Education (NCE) in Jalingo, the Taraba State capital, in August, mentioned culture, politics, poverty and religious beliefs as fundamental factors that are keeping out pupils and students from the classroom.
In October, President Muhammadu Buhari, while opening the fourth International Conference on Safe Schools Declaration in Abuja, said more than 12 million children, mostly girl child, were currently traumatised and afraid of going to school.
A stopover at Government Day Secondary School (GDSS), Yandaka, in Batsari LGA provided a clear picture of how displacement as a result of insecurity affects school enrolment and attendance in troubled communities.
Our reporter observed a sparse student population during the visit on a Tuesday afternoon, with few students straddling the school's vast unfenced premises.
A teacher at the school who craved anonymity said since the worsening security challenge in the area, the school's population had dropped by about 50 per cent.
GSSS Kankara stands desolate. It was deserted since the unprecedented abduction of December 11, 2020
"The population of SS3 students has dropped from 50 to less than 20 now. In the whole of SS3, we have no female students currently, and as of today, we have only one girl in SS2.
"Today is particularly bad because many did not come due to attacks on some villages last night.
"For example, no student from Yan Gayya is in school today, and that is one village where we have many students. The bandits attacked the village yesterday," he said.
A traditional leader in the area, the Magajin Garin Ruma, Alhaji Sani Tukur Ruma, said the sacking of communities and fear of attacks have made parents to scamper away with their children, thus affecting school attendance.
Aside from the indirect role insecurity is playing in tampering with learning, education in Northern communities has faced more direct attacks in the forms of attacks on schools which are often tinctured with killings of both students and teachers and kidnapping for ransom.
A tally conducted by this reporter shows that 1,893 students have been abducted from schools in northern Nigeria since the first recorded abduction at Abba Ashigar School of Business and Administrative Studies, Konduga, Borno State, in February 2014, where 20 female students were abducted.
Campaign against schooling
While insurgents loyal to Jama'atu Ahlul Sunnah Lidda'awati wal Jihad (JAS), popularly known as Boko Haram, leave no one in doubt about their anti-modernity campaigns, they have been particularly hostile against modern school systems.
Their campaign of violence led to the mass killing of students – the infamous being the massacre of 29 students in Buni Yadi, and the abduction of hundreds of others. Those attacks had necessitated the closure of hundreds of schools in the region.
In Borno State, the epicentre of the insurgency, a 2016 Human Rights Watch report indicated that: "Schools at all levels have been closed in 22 out of 27 local government areas for at least two years, and public secondary schools in the state capital, Maiduguri, only reopened in February 2016, after Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who occupied most of the schools were relocated elsewhere.
"Education might have grounded to a standstill in even relatively safe Maiduguri if it were not for some private schools that remained open when state authorities shut down public schools in March 2014."
While the situation has improved relatively since the report, still hundreds of schools there remain shut as many communities are inaccessible or yet to be occupied again by residents who had deserted them.
True to its sobriquet which points to anathema for Western education, Boko Haram has been particularly ravenous in ensuring that learning is truncated. From around 2010, the group embarked on a series of attacks in the North East and other parts of the country.
Bombs were planted in schools that killed students and others in places like Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Kano and Niger, especially between 2012 and 2014. Several schools in Maiduguri were razed in late-night attacks.
Some 2,295 teachers, according to the education minister, were killed and 19,000 displaced in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states in the last nine years. Similarly, he said 1,500 schools had been destroyed due to the insurgency.
What drew the most agony and rage, however, were the series of abductions of students from schools which started with the Abba Ashigar School of Business and Administrative Studies, Konduga, on February 11, 2014.
Two months later, 276 schoolgirls were abducted from Government Girls Secondary School (GGSS), Chibok, on April 14, 2014, which drew international outrage.
An international human rights group, Human Rights Watch, documented that over 300 pupils were abducted from Zanna Mobarti Primary School, Damasak, also in Borno State, in November of that year.
In all three cases, according to reports, most of the students are yet to be accounted for as the abductors have held on to most of them.
There was a three-year hiatus in school abductions between 2015 and 2017, which was disrupted on February 19, 2018, when insurgents in their numbers abducted 110 students overnight from Government Girls Science and Technical College (GGSTC) in Dapchi, Yobe State. Exactly a month later, in March, the gunmen released 105 captives, with five students reported dead.
The Dapchi abduction is the last recorded school abduction in the North East.
The trend of mass abduction shifted to areas afflicted by banditry, mainly in the North West and Niger State in the North Central, with the first-ever school abduction in the region recorded on December 11, 2020.
That night, gunmen led by a bandit leader, Auwalun Daudawa, stormed GSSS Kankara in Katsina and moved away with 344 students.
Subsequently, abductions occurred in the same fashion, but on lower scales at Government Science College, Kagara, Rafi Local Government Area of Niger State (February 17, 2021); Government Girls Science Secondary School, Jangebe, Talata Mafara Local Government, Zamfara State (February 26, 2021); Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Igabi LGA, Kaduna State, (March 11, 2021); Greenfield University, Kasarami village, Chikun LGA, Kaduna State (April 20, 2021); and Salihu Tanko Islamiyya School, Tegina, Rafi Local Government Area (May 30, 2021).
Other cases of abduction are those at the Federal Government College, Birnin Yauri, Yauri Local Government Area, Kebbi State, (June 17, 2021); Bethel Baptist School, Mararaban Rido, Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State (July 5, 2021); College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Bakura, Bakura Local Government Area, Zamfara State (August 15, 2021); Kaya Day Secondary School, Maradun Local Goverment Area, Zamfara State (September 1, 2021); and Government Day Secondary School, Birnin Yero in Shinkafi Local Government Area (September 22, 2021).
Like in the cases of the abductions in the North East, not all students abducted from schools in these other states have been fully accounted for as some were killed or have been kept by their captors despite payment of ransoms.
Raided schools, empty schools
Two armed policemen were on sentry at a security post by the gate of GSSS, Kankara, when our reporter visited on November 17. Beside them, the brown main gate conveys the sign of long time disuse.
The school's vast compound sprawls out with zinc roofs glimmering under the sun. The classrooms and dormitories lie desolate in the silence of the compound, which is occasionally tinctured by distant sounds of lizards rambling through drying shrubs.
For 11 months, since the abduction, the school, which housed over 1,000 students at peacetime, has remained deserted. Since the ugly incident of December 11, no student has stepped into a classroom there.
"We had to close down the schools, first to study the situation and strategise," Katsina Commissioner for Education, Dr Badamasi Lawal, said.
In nearby Zamfara, authorities also announced closure of 10 boarding secondary schools in the state to stop "what happened in Katsina to happen in Zamfara State", as the state's Commissioner for Education, Dr Ibrahim Abdullahi, said at the time.
That notwithstanding, Zamfara went on to record the highest cases of school abductions in the country – four.
With the abduction of students from GDSS Kaya, a day school, in early September, the Zamfara State Government shut down all government-owned schools in the state and their gates have remained locked up.
The trauma of keeping children from school spoken about by President Buhari in his October speech manifests in Salihu Tanko Islamiyya School, Tegina, where half of the population of pupils have not returned to school two months after the school reopened, after the hullabaloo generated by the abduction that occurred in late May.
The Head Teacher of the school, Alhaji Abubakar Alhassan, told Daily Trust in a recent interview that, "Some parents have completely withdrawn their children from school because of fear of insecurity."
He added that, "Some children, even if their parents ask them to go to school, they don't because of the previous experience.
"We reopened a month after the kidnapped pupils were released. But some of our pupils have stopped coming. Almost half of the population of our pupils have stopped schooling. Parents say they are scared because there is no security in the school."
He further said the school's authority was working out plans to meet with parents to enlighten them to see the need for their children to continue with their education regardless of security challenges and past experience.
"Apart from trying to enlighten the parents, we are also teaching some of the pupils who are coming to respond to security threats," he noted.
Elsewhere, in Kaduna, Greenfield University is forced to operate away from its elaborate campus at Kasarami, along the Abuja-Kaduna Expressway, to a smaller building in the city centre, as terrified staff and students showed no desire to go back to the site, seven months after the abduction of its 20 students with two of them killed.
Spokesperson of the university, Kato Joseph, told Daily Trust Saturday that not all students were back to the school as some parents withdrew their wards.
In Katsina, a source at the privately-owned Al-Qalam University told Daily Trust that the number of applicants for the school had dropped this year in what could be directly linked to safety concerns by the parents. This is despite that no incident was recorded in the school.
Defying the terror
Students in their numbers trickled into the Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, when our reporter visited. Though there was no recorded attack on students there, but the university's community has had instances of targeted kidnapping.
Learning continues in the university despite constraints like telecom shutdown Imposed by the state government, which affected Dutsin-Ma, as one of the troubled local governments as part of the government's containment measures for the security challenges.
This had made educational and social life had for staff and students of the university who would have to undertake a journey towards Katsina city to access telecom services.
In more major towns visited, our reporter witnessed bustling atmosphere as in Nuhu Model Primary School and Lawal Primary School in Kankara, and some others in Batsari. With many primary schools on the outskirts shut, there is surge in student population in schools located within these densely populated communities.
The Education Secretary of Batsari Local Government, Dr Salisu Garba, said many displaced parents were enrolling their children in their newfound settlements.
"We encourage them to take the children to nearby schools, and we have directed all headmasters to accept any of those children brought to them," he said.
In both Kaduna and Katsina states, the governments had taken a decision to move children away from schools in vulnerable locations to safer locations to continue learning.
The Kaduna State chairman of the Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT), Ibrahim Dalhatu, said though the approach may help keep children in schools, it has inadequacies, especially because of distance which may hinder many students and some teachers unable to endure shuttling long distances to the new destinations.
To address safety concerns, the Katsina State Government, according to the governor's Special Adviser on Security, Ibrahim Katsina, had "re-adjusted the school curriculum, the concept of the security management and introduced the various measures that assisted us to be on top of the situation".
The state's Commissioner for Education explained the measures thus: "Each boarding secondary school has five armed policemen, in addition to local vigilantes provided by the community.
"Parameter fencing were enhanced and barbed wire installed. Security lights have been installed in all the boarding secondary schools. We also have surveillance towers installed to monitor threats."
He further said the government had also provided local dogs in the 41 boarding schools to aid policing and had directed principals to conduct special congregational prayers twice daily to seek divine protection.
To address the menace of the out-of-school children, which Nigeria is said to have the highest global number, the federal government, in January this year, constituted an 18-man Presidential Steering Committee on Alternate School Programme (ASP) to work on modalities of closing the learning gap, though the committee's work is yet to manifest concretely.
Under the federal government's Better Education Service Delivery for All (BESDA) Programme-for-Results funded to the tune of $611m by the World Bank, 13 of the 19 Northern states are among beneficiaries.
The intervention is aimed at bringing out-of-school children into the classroom, improving literacy and strengthening accountability for results in basic education.
However, with insecurity and other systemic bottlenecks afflicting the system, it is unclear how much result the project will achieve its main goal of mopping up kids off the streets into classrooms in the troubled region.
"The government's effort, no matter how laudable, will only succeed if the people support it, and that is what we are doing; to complement the government by encouraging parents to make sure the children remain in school," said Magajin Garin Ruma,
This story is funded by the Daily Trust Foundation with support from The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
We're short of teachers, and the struggles to find training placements in schools add to the problem
Sun Dec 5 , 2021
Educating graduates want "more time invested in schools". This investigation finding is mentioned in the discussion paper of the instructor education and learning assessment announced by the federal education minister in March this yr. However, in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, countless numbers of pre-assistance instructors had been not […]
Education officials are closer to having a new plan (and money) to serve Colorado families with young children
U.S. begins reimbursing Florida school officials for pay docked for defying ban on mask mandates
Virginia education officials plan more testing this school year | news/arlington
Illinois schools struggle to reopen after winter break
Codi Saxon 1 week ago
Oregon education, health officials warn of 'rapid' COVID-19 transmission in school activities
Texas education board to weigh curriculum on climate change, sexuality


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Cauliflower makes an incredible cream base for soups and sauces. Here's a great idea for making a delicious yet super healthy Creamy Cauliflower Spinach & Potato Soup MRE using your dehydrator.
Puree only the cauliflower and the garlic so it is a smooth paste. (Spread the cauliflower garlic puree onto a sheet of parchment paper or the non-stick drying sheets that came with your dehydrator fairly thinly as evenly as possible). It will dry dark brown but the color will come back to a golden color when you re-hydrate it.
Then when you're ready to make the soup just add about 2 -3 cups boiling water to reconstitute. The less water you use the thicker and creamier it will be but just play around with the consistency until it's where you like it.
You can optionally add some cheddar cheese powder to make it more of a creamy cheddar soup if you are not vegan.
You can also optionally add 1-2 chicken breasts that have been cooked, cubed and dehydrated to this soup for additional protein.
You might want to re-hydrate the meat and potatoes separately from the soup base as they take longer to rehydrate than all the other ingredients. The other soup ingredients you only have to add hot water and cover and let sit for about 10-15 minutes. The meat and potatoes I would suggest simmering for about 20 minutes to get completely soft.
You could probably simmer all the ingredients together for about 20 minutes or do the meat and potatoes separately…whatever works best for your situation. Also using dehydrated slices of meat and potato works better than the cubes in regards to faster rehydration.
This is such a satisfying soup on so many levels, it really fills you up and is also a real comfort meal and it's also incredibly nutritious and healthy, really delicious and quite easy to make.
This entry was posted in Create Your Own Healthy MREs and tagged Creamy Cauliflower Soup, emergency preparedness, food saving, MREs. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
"Day-After-Shahadah"
people championing the New Muslim Education.
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The semitrailer MAJOR and the truck chassis JUNIOR of our loyal customer DESTINATION PLASTURGIE, are stopping every year in our workshops for a general inspection.
thanks to our know-how and to the trust that has been created with our customer for years (semitrailer manufactured in 2000 and truck chassis in 2003), the two mobile units for plastics manufacturing training came again over our hands for a complete refurbishing.
From a technical upgrading for even more efficiency, polyester repairs for longevity of the bodyworks towards the total re-painting for a more modern look, MAJOR and JUNIOR are on the roads again for many coming years of service.


text:
PDF2 PDF |Add To My Favorites | Version: 03/19/15 - Amended Assembly 12/17/14 - Introduced
AB-65 Local law enforcement: body-worn cameras: grant program.(2015-2016)
Section 1464 of the Penal Code is amended to read:
(a) (1) Subject to Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 76000) of Title 8 of the Government Code, and except as otherwise provided in this section, there shall be levied a state penalty in the amount of ten dollars ($10) for every ten dollars ($10), or part of ten dollars ($10), upon every fine, penalty, or forfeiture imposed and collected by the courts for all criminal offenses, including all offenses, except parking offenses as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 1463, involving a violation of a section of the Vehicle Code or any local ordinance adopted pursuant to the Vehicle Code.
(2) Any bail schedule adopted pursuant to Section 1269b or bail schedule adopted by the Judicial Council pursuant to Section 40310 of the Vehicle Code may include the necessary amount to pay the penalties established by this section and Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 76000) of Title 8 of the Government Code, and the surcharge authorized by Section 1465.7, for all matters where a personal appearance is not mandatory and the bail is posted primarily to guarantee payment of the fine.
(3) The penalty imposed by this section does not apply to the following:
(A) Any restitution fine.
(B) Any penalty authorized by Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 76000) of Title 8 of the Government Code.
(C) Any parking offense subject to Article 3 (commencing with Section 40200) of Chapter 1 of Division 17 of the Vehicle Code.
(D) The state surcharge authorized by Section 1465.7.
(b) Where multiple offenses are involved, the state penalty shall be based upon the total fine or bail for each case. When a fine is suspended, in whole or in part, the state penalty shall be reduced in proportion to the suspension.
(c) When any deposited bail is made for an offense to which this section applies, and for which a court appearance is not mandatory, the person making the deposit shall also deposit a sufficient amount to include the state penalty prescribed by this section for forfeited bail. If bail is returned, the state penalty paid thereon pursuant to this section shall also be returned.
(d) In any case where a person convicted of any offense, to which this section applies, is in prison until the fine is satisfied, the judge may waive all or any part of the state penalty, the payment of which would work a hardship on the person convicted or his or her immediate family.
(e) After a determination by the court of the amount due, the clerk of the court shall collect the penalty and transmit it to the county treasury. The portion thereof attributable to Chapter 12 (commencing with Section 76000) of Title 8 of the Government Code shall be deposited in the appropriate county fund and 70 percent of the balance shall then be transmitted to the State Treasury, to be deposited in the State Penalty Fund, which is hereby created, and 30 percent to remain on deposit in the county general fund. The transmission to the State Treasury shall be carried out in the same manner as fines collected for the state by a county.
(f) The moneys so deposited in the State Penalty Fund shall be distributed as follows:
(1) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Fish and Game Preservation Fund an amount equal to 0.33 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month, except that the total amount shall not be less than the state penalty levied on fines or forfeitures for violation of state laws relating to the protection or propagation of fish and game. These moneys shall be used for the education or training of department employees which fulfills a need consistent with the objectives of the Department of Fish and Wildlife.
(2) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Restitution Fund an amount equal to 32.02 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month. Those funds shall be made available in accordance with Section 13967 of the Government Code.
(3) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Peace Officers' Training Fund an amount equal to 23.99 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month.
(4) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Body-worn Camera Fund an amount equal to 25.70 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month.
(5) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Corrections Training Fund an amount equal to 7.88 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month. Money in the Corrections Training Fund is not continuously appropriated and shall be appropriated in the Budget Act.
(6) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Local Public Prosecutors and Public Defenders Training Fund established pursuant to Section 11503 an amount equal to 0.78 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month. The amount so transferred shall not exceed the sum of eight hundred fifty thousand dollars ($850,000) in any fiscal year. The remainder in excess of eight hundred fifty thousand dollars ($850,000) shall be transferred to the Restitution Fund.
(7) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Victim-Witness Assistance Fund an amount equal to 8.64 percent of the state penalty funds deposited in the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month.
(f) (8) (A) Once a month there shall be transferred into the Traumatic Brain Injury Fund, created pursuant to Section 4358 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, an amount equal to 0.66 percent of the state penalty funds deposited into the State Penalty Fund during the preceding month. However, the amount of funds transferred into the Traumatic Brain Injury Fund for the 1996–97 fiscal year shall not exceed the amount of five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000). Thereafter, funds shall be transferred pursuant to the requirements of this section. Notwithstanding any other law, the Director of Finance shall provide a schedule to the Controller for all transfers of funds made available by the Budget Act from the State Penalty Fund provision of law, the funds transferred into the Traumatic Brain Injury Fund for the 1997–98, 1998–99, and 1999–2000 fiscal years, may be expended by the State Department of Mental Health, in the current fiscal year. year or a subsequent fiscal year, to provide additional funding to the existing projects funded by the Traumatic Brain Injury Fund, to support new projects, or to do both.
(g) (B) Upon the order of the Department of Finance, sufficient funds may be transferred by the Controller from the General Fund for cashflow needs of the State Penalty Fund. A cashflow loan Any moneys deposited in the State Penalty Fund attributable to the assessments made pursuant to this provision shall be short term and does not constitute a General Fund expenditure. A cashflow loan and the repayment of a cashflow loan does not affect the General Fund reserve. subdivision (i) of Section 27315 of the Vehicle Code on or after the date that Chapter 6.6 (commencing with Section 5564) of Part 1 of Division 5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code is repealed shall be utilized in accordance with paragraphs (1) to (8), inclusive, of this subdivision.
Title 14 (commencing with Section 14400) is added to Part 4 of the Penal Code, to read:
TITLE 14. Body-Worn Camera Grant Program for Local Law Enforcement
The Board of State and Community Corrections shall develop a grant program for the purpose of making funds available to local law enforcement entities to purchase body-worn cameras and related data storage and equipment, and to hire personnel necessary to operate a local body-worn camera program.
The Body-worn Camera Fund is hereby created. Notwithstanding Section 13340 of the Government Code, all moneys in the fund are continuously appropriated to the Board of State and Community Corrections for the purposes of Section 14400.
If federal funds become available for the purpose of purchasing body-worn cameras and related equipment for local law enforcement, the Board of State and Community Corrections shall adjust the grant program to maximize state and local competitiveness in obtaining federal funds, and the board shall either apply for federal funds on behalf of a local law enforcement agency, or reimburse a local law enforcement agency that has expended funds for federal funds purposes.


text:
Bay Minette holds rededication ceremony at Ulmer Park
Updated Mar 06, 2019; Posted Jun 02, 2014
Vincent Lenard Ulmer died May 17, 1987 while serving with the U.S. Navy on the USS Stark. A Bay Minette park is named in his honor. (Courtesy Tina Covington)
By Tina Covington
BAY MINETTE, Alabama -- A rededication ceremony was recently held at Vincent Ulmer Park in Bay Minette. The park is named for the late U.S. Seaman Vincent Lenard Ulmer who died while serving his country. Ulmer served with the U.S. Navy and was the USS Stark in the Persian Gulf when it was attacked by an Iraqi Mirage. Ulmer was one of 37 sailors who died as a result of the attack.
The son of Mary Frances and A.C. Ulmer Sr. of Bay Minette, Ulmer was a 1986 graduate of Baldwin County High School. He enlisted in the Navy soon after graduation and served until his death on May 17, 1987.
During the ceremony, Bay Minette Mayor Robert A. "Bob" Wills presented a proclamation declaring May 17, 2014 as Vincent Lenard Day in the City of Bay Minette. In the presentation, Wills cited Ulmer's "service and commitment to his community, state and country."
Also participating in the ceremony were Nicholas Bowen, Commander of American Legion Post 188; Val Obregon, State Commander for the Department of Veterans of Foreign Wars; Wayne Stacey, State Commander for Department of Alabama American Legion; and Councilwoman Dollie Mims, City of Bay Minette.
"It is our sworn duty, honor and privilege to remember those who fought for us and especially those who fell for us, and to teach the younger generations so that their sacrifice will never be forgotten, ever," Bowen said.


Marc Scott Zicree (born 1955) is an American science fiction author, television writer and screenwriter. Zicree has written for major studios and networks including Paramount, Universal, Disney, Sony/Columbia Tri-Star, MGM, New Line, CBS, NBC, ABC, Fox, WB, UPN, Showtime, PBS, Turner, USA Networks, Syfy, Discovery, Nickelodeon, the BBC, Marvel and NPR. His credits include Star Trek: The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, The Twilight Zone, Babylon 5, Beauty and the Beast, Forever Knight, Sliders, Friday the 13th: The Series, Liberty's Kids, Superfriends, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, Real Ghostbusters, The Smurfs and many others, as well as pilots for CBS, NBC, ABC and Showtime.
He is the author of The Twilight Zone Companion, a detailed history of Rod Serling's TV series The Twilight Zone. Several of his interviews with The Twilight Zone actors, directors and producers are available as special features on the Twilight Zone: The Complete Definitive Collection DVD box set, and are accessible as alternative audio tracks for the associated episodes. He has also contributed to the Magic Time novel trilogy, a collaborative effort between Zicree and three other science fiction writers.
With writer Michael Reaves and director Neil Johnson, and using crowd funding for financing, Zicree is working on a series of films under the umbrella title Space Command. A Kickstarter project page, launched by Zicree in May 2012, raised funds of $75,000 (its initial goal) in three days.
^ "IMDB". IMDB. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
^ "Space Command by Marc Zicree — Kickstarter". Kickstarter.com. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
Space Command Movie (website), Space Command – Official site of the Space Command film series.