text:
\section{Introduction}

Graphical models have been used widely in various systems. A graph consists of nodes, representing variables, and edges between nodes, representing the conditional dependency between two variables \cite{Drton}. In order to get a sparse and interpretable estimate of the graph, many authors have considered the optimization problem in the form $\text{min}_{\mathcal{\mathbf{\Theta}} \in S}\{\ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta})+\lambda\left\|\mathbf{\Theta}-\text{diag}(\mathbf{\Theta})\right\|_1\}$,  where $\mathbf{X}$ is an $n \times p$ data matrix, $\mathbf{\Theta}$ is a $p\times p$ symmetric matrix which contains the variables of interest, and $\ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta})$ is a loss function \cite{Tan}. In many cases, we assume that $\ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta})$ is convex in $\bf \Theta$. In reality, there exists a specific kind of nodes called hubs \cite{Tan}, which are connected to a large number of other nodes. Tan et al. (2014) propose a method called Hub Graphical Lasso (HGL) to estimate the graph with hubs \cite{Tan}. They decompose $\bf \Theta$ as $\mathbf{Z}+\mathbf{V}+\mathbf{V}^T$, where $\mathbf{Z}$ represents conditional dependency between non-hub nodes and $\mathbf{V}$ represents conditional dependency between hub nodes and other nodes. Then they use Hub Penalty Function which is the minimal of the term below with respect to $\mathbf{V},\mathbf{Z}$ such that $\mathbf{\Theta} = \mathbf{Z} + \mathbf{V}+\mathbf{V}^T$ instead of the $l_1$ penalty in the above optimization problem
$$\lambda_1\left\|\mathbf{Z}-\text{diag}(\mathbf{Z})\right\|_1+\lambda_2\left\|\mathbf{V}-\text{diag}(\mathbf{V})\right\|_1+\lambda_3\left\|(\mathbf{V}-\text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j\right\|_q.$$

Since HGL does not require prior information of hubs and the number of hubs found by HGL is always not more than that of true hubs, we hope to advance HGL by providing prior information of hubs if we have some beforehand. We introduce Discriminated Hub Penalty Function with the form $\text{P}(\mathbf{\Theta})$, which is the minimal of the term below with respect to $\mathbf{V},\mathbf{Z}$ such that $\mathbf{\Theta} = \mathbf{Z}+\mathbf{V}+\mathbf{V}^T$
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Eq:hubpenalty}
 \Bigg\{ \lambda_1 \| \mathbf{Z} - \text{diag}(\mathbf{Z})\|_1 +\lambda_2 \sum_{j\notin\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_1 + \lambda_3 \sum_{j\notin\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_q \nonumber \\
+ \lambda_4 \sum_{j\in\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_1 + \lambda_5 \sum_{j\in\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_q \Bigg\}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\mathcal{D}\subset\{1,2,\cdots,p\}$ contains prior information of hubs and we impose constraints that $\lambda_4 \leq \lambda_2,\lambda_5 \leq \lambda_3$. In the penalty, we give ``loose conditions'' for nodes in $\mathcal{D}$ so that they tend to be identified as hubs in our estimate. We will show that DHGL always performs better than HGL and keeps stable even when wrong prior information is provided.

\section{Methology}

\subsection{Discriminated Hub Graphical Lasso}

\subsubsection{Optimization Problem}

We continue the definitions and notations in Introduction. Combining Discriminated Hub Penalty Function with the loss function, we have the convex optimization problem
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Eq:general}
 \underset{{\mathbf{\Theta}\in \mathcal{S}, \mathbf{V, Z}}} {\text{minimize}}
& & \Bigg\{ \ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta})  + \lambda_1 \| \mathbf{Z} - \text{diag}(\mathbf{Z})\|_1 +\lambda_2 \sum_{j\notin\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_1 \nonumber \\
&& + \lambda_3 \sum_{j\notin\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_q  + \lambda_4 \sum_{j\in\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_1 \nonumber \\
 &&  + \lambda_5 \nonumber \sum_{j\in\mathcal{D}} \| (\mathbf{V}  - \text{diag}(\mathbf{V}))_j \|_q \Bigg\} \;\;  \mbox{; } \text{subject to} \;\;  \mathbf{\Theta} = \mathbf{V}+\mathbf{V}^T+\mathbf{Z},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathcal{S}$ depends on the loss function $\ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta})$.

Similar to that in Tan et al. (2014), we encourage the solution of $\mathbf{Z}$ to be a sparse symmetric  matrix, and $\mathbf{V}$ to be a matrix with columns either entirely zero or almost entirely non-zero. Here $\lambda_1\geq 0$ controls the sparsity in $\mathbf{Z}$ \cite{Tan}. For variables in $\mathcal{D}$, $\lambda_5\geq 0$ controls the hub nodes selection, and $\lambda_4\geq 0$ controls the sparsity of each hub's connections to other nodes. Similar for $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_3$ for variables not in $\mathcal{D}$. Here we set $q=2$, same as Tan et al. (2014) \cite{Tan,Yuan}.

As we can see, the ``discrimination'' involves using different tuning parameters controlling hub selection and hub sparsity for different columns in $\mathbf{V}$, or different variables (variables in $\mathcal{D}$ vs. not in $\mathcal{D}$). When $\mathcal{D}=\varnothing$, it reduces to the convex optimization problem corresponding to Hub Penalty Function in Tan et al. (2014). When $\lambda_2,\lambda_3,\lambda_4,\lambda_5\rightarrow\infty$, it reduces to the classical way to obtain a sparse graph estimate. Generally, $\mathcal{D}$ contains variables to be less penalized with $\lambda_4\leq\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_5\leq\lambda_3$.

 When $\mathbf{x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf{x}_n \stackrel{\small\mathrm{i.i.d.}}\sim N(\mathbf{0},\mathbf{\Sigma})$, we simply set $\ell(\mathbf{X},\mathbf{\Theta}) = -\log \det {\mathbf{\Theta}} + \mbox{trace}({\mathbf{S}} {\mathbf{\Theta}})$, where $\mathbf{S}$ is the empirical covariance matrix of $\mathbf{X}$. Then the Discriminated Hub Graphical Lasso (DHGL) optimization problem is
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{Eq:ggmhub}
  \underset{{\mathbf{\Theta}}\in \mathcal{S}} {\text{minimize}}
 & & \left \{ -\log \det  \mathbf{\Theta} + \text{trace}(\mathbf{S\Theta})  + \text{P}(\mathbf{\Theta}) \right\},
 \end{eqnarray}
 with $\mathcal{S} = \{\mathbf{\Theta}:\mathbf{\Theta} \succ 0 \text{ and } \mathbf{\Theta}=\mathbf{\Theta}^T \}$. Again, when $\mathcal{D}=\varnothing$, it reduces to Hub Graphical Lasso (HGL) in Tan et al. (2014), and when $\lambda_2,\lambda_3,\lambda_4,\lambda_5\rightarrow\infty$, it reduces to the classical Graphical Lasso (GL) \cite{Friedman}.

\subsubsection{Computational Complexity of ADMM}

 We can use Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the convex optimization problems proposed above \cite{Boyd}. The algorithm details as well as derivations are very similar to those of Algorithm 1 in Tan et al. (2014) \cite{Tan}. Details are displayed in Supplement Section 2.

 Also notice that the computational complexity is $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ per iteration for solving DHGL, same in magnitude as HGL. We have also performed a simulation study to illustrate this. The simulation setup is very similar to that of ``DHGL applied with known hubs'' in Results and Analysis section except that we change $p$. In the first part, we set $p\in\{150,300,450\}$ and also change related parameters such as $n$, $r$ and $|\mathcal{H}|$ proportionally. In the second part, we set $p\in\{75,150,300\}$ but fix all other related parameters the same as the case when $p=150$. Results averaged over 25 replications are displayed in Table 1. We have found that the run time per iteration scale the similar way with $p$ regardless of other related parameters such as $n$. Also, the number of iterations increases as $p$ increase. Moreover, HGL and DHGL performs similarly in terms of run time and number of iterations.

\subsection{Tuning Parameter Selection}

 We can select tuning parameters $(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\cdots,\lambda_5)$ by minimizing the same BIC-type quantity as proposed by Tan et al. (2014)
 \[
 \mathrm{BIC} (\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}},\hat{\mathbf{V}},\hat{\mathbf{Z}}) =-n \cdot \log \det (\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}) + n \cdot \text{trace}(\mathbf{S}\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}) + \log (n) \cdot |\hat{\mathbf{Z}}| + \log (n) \cdot \left(\nu+ c  \cdot [|\hat{\mathbf{V}}| - \nu ]\right),
 \]
 where the number of estimated hub nodes $\nu = \sum_{j=1}^p 1_{\{\|\hat{\mathbf{V}}_j\|_0 >1 \}}$, and $c\in(0,1)$ is a constant \cite{Tan}. Same as Tan et al. (2014), here we choose $c=0.2$ for our simulation experiments.

 In order for both optimal solutions for $\mathbf{V}$ and $\mathbf{Z}$, i.e., $\mathbf{V}^{\star}$ and $\mathbf{Z}^{\star}$ to be non-diagonal, we can select tuning parameters such that $$\frac{\lambda_2}{2}+\frac{\lambda_3}{2(p-1)^{\frac{1}{s}}}\leq\lambda_1\leq\frac{\lambda_2+\lambda_3}{2}, \lambda_4\leq\lambda_2, \lambda_5\leq\lambda_3, \dfrac{1}{s}+\dfrac{1}{q}=1.$$
 Detailed proof is displayed in Supplement Section 1.

\subsection{Measurement of Performance}

The precision matrix $\mathbf{\Theta}=\mathbf{\Sigma}^{-1}$ determines the conditional dependency between nodes \cite{Tan}. For $j\neq j'$, we know that if $|\mathbf{\Theta}_{jj'}|\neq 0$, a true edge between $j$ and $j'$ exists. If further $j\in\mathcal{H}$, this is also a hub edge. Then we set a tolerance value $t$ (in our experiment, we use $t=0.005$). If $|\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{jj'}|>t$, an edge between $j$ and $j'$ is identified. The estimated hubs $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_r$ are defined by the set of nodes that have at least $r$ edges. Then we can define the number of correctly estimated edges, the proportion of correctly estimated hub edges, the proportion of correctly estimated hub nodes, the sum of squared errors between $\mathbf{\Theta}$ and $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}$ simply by their names, which are also nearly the same as those defined in Tan et al. (2014) \cite{Tan}. We have also defined the accuracy rate of hubs by the proportion of all $p$ nodes that are correctly estimated as hub nodes or correctly estimated as non-hub nodes.

\subsection{Obtain Set $\mathcal{D}$}

\subsubsection{DHGL Applied with Known Hubs}

Tan et al. (2014) propose HGL assuming they do not know a priori which nodes are hubs \cite{Tan}. However, before estimating the dependency structures among different nodes, we sometimes have domain knowledge of some dependency. In this case, we hope to use the prior information of hubs to estimate $\mathbf{\Theta}$ more accurately. In this section, we give an algorithm using DHGL to estimate $\mathbf{\Theta}$ when some hubs have been known.

\begin{algorithm}[htp]
\small
\caption{DHGL Applied with Known Hubs}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Use HGL to get the estimated hubs $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$.
\item  Set $\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{K}\setminus \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$, where $\mathcal{K}$ is a set of known hubs.
\item  If $\mathcal{D} \ne \varnothing$, use DHGL to estimate $\mathbf{\Theta}$ and get the estimated hubs $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{DHGL}}$, where $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$, $\lambda_3$ remain the same values as those in HGL and $\lambda_4$, $\lambda_5$ are selected using the BIC-type quantity. Then, set $\hat{\mathcal{H}}=\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}} \bigcup \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{DHGL}}$ as the set of estimated hubs. If $\mathcal{D}=\varnothing$, use the estimation in HGL directly.
\end{enumerate}
\end{algorithm}

In HGL, when $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_3$ become smaller, it is more likely to find more edges and hubs since all of the entries in $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{HGL}}$ have less penalty and tend to become larger. However, while we find more correct edges and hubs as $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_3$ become smaller, the number of wrong edges and hubs we find also increase. Thus, if we have known some true hubs or some prior information of nodes which are likely to be hubs, we hope to give ``loose conditions'' only for the entries of their columns of $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}$ to become larger rather than all of the nodes. That's why we let $\mathcal{D}$ contain the prior information and propose $\lambda_4$ and $\lambda_5$ which are not greater than $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_3$ respectively. If a known hub does not belong to $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ which means the corresponding column of $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{HGL}}$ contains many zeros, some entries of the corresponding column of $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{DHGL}}$ will become larger and more correct edges will be identified. On the other hand, if a node belongs to $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ which means the corresponding column of $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{HGL}}$ contains many nonzeros and we still set it in $\mathcal{D}$, the corresponding column of $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{DHGL}}$ will be overamplified which may even become worse than $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}_{\text{HGL}}$. Thus, we set $\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{K}\setminus \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ to avoid this problem. Furthermore, while the algorithm finds more correct edges of the discriminated nodes, a few correct edges found by HGL may disappear so that some nodes in $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ may not belong to $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{DHGL}}$. Thus, we need to combine $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ and $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{DHGL}}$ so that we will not lose useful information of hubs.

\subsubsection{DHGL Applied without Known Hubs}

In the previous section, we discuss the application of DHGL when some hubs are known. However, we often do not have any prior information of hubs. In this section, we give an algorithm using GL to provide prior information and DHGL to estimate $\mathbf{\Theta}$.

\begin{algorithm}[htp]
\small
\caption{DHGL Applied without Known Hubs}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  Use HGL to get the estimated hubs $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$.
\item  (Prior Information Screening) Adjust regularization parameter $\lambda$ of GL from large to small until $|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{GL},\lambda}\setminus \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}|>0$ and
$|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{GL},\lambda}\bigcup \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}| \leq\max\{|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}|+a,b|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}|\}$
where $a\in\boldsymbol{N}_+$, $b>1$ but $b\approx1$ and $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{GL},\lambda}$ is the set of estimated hubs by GL with the parameter $\lambda$.
\item  Set $\mathcal{D}=\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{GL},\lambda}\setminus \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$ which is non-empty.
\item  Use DHGL to estimate $\mathbf{\Theta}$, where $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$, $\lambda_3$, $\lambda_4$ remain the same values as those in HGL and $\lambda_5$ is selected using the BIC-type quantity.
\end{enumerate}
\end{algorithm}

The BIC-type quantity can help us select the tuning parameters to get a relatively accurate estimate of $\mathbf{\Theta}$. However, $|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}|$ is always not more than the number of true hubs $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert$ because of the penalty term of the number of hubs in the BIC-type quantity, especially when $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert$ is relatively large. Based on this fact, we try to find extra prior information of hubs which are not in $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$. Since GL is fast (less than $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ for sparse $\mathbf{\Theta}$) \cite{Friedman}, we can adjust the regularization parameter of GL from large to small quickly until we get nodes that belong to $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{GL},\lambda}$ rather than $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}$. These extra nodes are likely to be true hubs if $|\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}}|<|\mathcal{H}|$ although there is no guarantee for this. Thus, we set the extra nodes in $\mathcal{D}$. Since the prior information provided by GL may be wrong, we keep $\lambda_4=\lambda_2$ for conservatism and we only need to select $\lambda_5$ using the BIC-type quantity in DHGL. If the extra nodes are true hubs, $\lambda_5$ tends to be small to make the BIC-type quantity small so that more true edges and hubs will be found. If the extra nodes are not true hubs, $\lambda_5$ tends to keep the same as $\lambda_3$ and the estimation of $\mathbf{\Theta}$ will be the same as that in HGL. In a word, the new algorithm tends to accept correct prior information to make improvement and reject false one to keep stable.

\section{Results and Analysis}

In the simulation studies, the precision matrix $\mathbf{\Theta}$ and the set of indices of hub nodes $\mathcal{H}$ are given, and we estimate $\hat{\mathbf{\Theta}}$ using our approaches displayed above.

\subsection{DHGL Applied with Known Hubs}

In the experiment, firstly, we use the simulation set-up I in Tan et al. (2014) with $p=150$, $n=50$, $r=30$, $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert=5$ and suppose we know two true hubs randomly \cite{Tan}. We fix $\lambda_1=0.4$ and consider two cases where $\lambda_3=1$ and $\lambda_3=1.5$. In each case, $\lambda_2$ ranges from 0.1 to 0.7. In DHGL, for simplicity of the experiment, we do not use the BIC-type quantity to select $\lambda_4$ and $\lambda_5$ but set $\lambda_4$ relatively smaller than $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_5=0.1$. For every set of tuning parameters, we conduct 50 simulations and average the results. Figure 1 shows the comparison of measures of performance between HGL and DHGL.

From Figure 1, we see that for every set of tuning parameters, the number of correctly estimated edges, the proportion of correctly estimated hub edges and the sum of squared errors perform better in DHGL than those in HGL. For the effective proportion of correctly estimated hubs and the effective accuracy rate of hubs, HGL performs better than DHGL reasonably since the discriminated nodes (known hubs) are not considered in the calculation of the two measures. In order not to lose useful information, we combine the hubs found by HGL and DHGL so that we can always get better information of hubs using our method.

Moreover, we consider three other cases for $(p,n)\in \{(200,50),(200,100),(300,100)\}$, where $\lambda_2=0.4$, $\lambda_3=1$, $\lambda_4=0.2$, $r=\frac{p}{5}$ and other parameters are set to the same. Figure 2 displays performances of 50 simulations when $(p,n)=(300,100)$. All of the three results are similar to the case when $(p,n)=(150,50)$.

\subsection{DHGL Applied without Known Hubs}

In the experiment, we use the simulation set-up I in Tan et al. (2014) with $p=150$, $n=50$, $r=30$ and $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert \in \{5,10\}$ \cite{Tan}. We fix $\lambda_1=0.4$, $\lambda_3=1$ and select $\lambda_2$ from $[0.05,0.15]$ using the BIC-type quantity. Then for prior information screening, we set $a=2$ and $b=1.1$. In DHGL, we select $\lambda_5$ from $[0.5,1]$ using the BIC-type quantity with $c=0.1$. Figure 3 and 4 display the comparison of 50 simulations between HGL and DHGL when $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert=10$ and $5$ respectively.

From Figure 3, we see that for $\lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert=10$ which is relatively large, all of the five measures in DHGL outperform those in HGL. Even when the accuracy rate of hubs in HGL equal to 1 (4 of 50) which means the discriminated nodes are not true hubs, all of the performances in DHGL do not degenerate.

From Figure 4, we see that for $\lvert \mathcal{H}\rvert=5$ which is relatively small, the majority of accuracy rates of hubs in HGL equal to 1 (31 of 50). Among these cases, only 5 accuracy rates of hubs in DHGL degenerate and the other measures of the 5 also degenerate slightly. However, when the accuracy rates of hubs in HGL is less than 1 which means $\lvert \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}} \rvert < \lvert \mathcal{H} \rvert$, all the measures of the majority (14 of 19) outperform those in HGL obviously.

These two results display both the advantages and robustness of DHGL applied without known hubs. When $\lvert \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}} \rvert <\lvert \mathcal{H}\rvert$, DHGL can always perform better than HGL. On the other hand, when $\lvert \hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\text{HGL}} \rvert =\lvert \mathcal{H}\rvert$ which is not always the case, the performance of DHGL seldom degenerates and always keep the same as that of HGL.

\section{Discussion}

Based on Hub Graphical Lasso proposed by Tan et al. (2014), we propose Discriminated Hub Graphical Lasso to estimate the precision matrix when some prior information of hubs is known. For the two situations where some hubs are known or no hubs are known, we propose two algorithms respectively to make some improvement in the measures of performance given by Tan et al. (2014) and us. The improvement essentially results from the increase of the number of tuning parameters for the prior information and the BIC-type quantity proposed by Tan et al. (2014) will be smaller than that in HGL by selecting the optimal parameters. The computational complexity is still $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ per iteration in DHGL, same as that in HGL. However, the two algorithms need us to use both HGL and DHGL which will certainly cost more time but in the same scale. Moreover, in both algorithms, only the prior information of hubs which have not been found by HGL are set in $\mathcal{D}$ so sometimes we cannot make use of the prior information when $\mathcal{D}=\varnothing$. Thus, it remains open problems how to use DHGL only to make improvement and how to use all prior information of hubs.

For Algorithm 2, we do not give a certain method about how to select the optimal a and b when screening prior information using Graphical Lasso. Instead, we select relatively small $a$ and $b$ for conservatism which will limit the performance of the algorithm. For the future work, we hope to figure out how to select the optimal $a$ and $b$, which means the difference between the number of estimated hubs in HGL and the number of true hubs should be studied more deeply. Moreover, we will try to find other methods instead of GL to search for prior information of hubs.

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Certified by the Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Dr. Tafel grew up in Louisville, KY. Dr. Tafel specializes in electrodiagnostic studies as well as non-surgical treatment of spinal disorders and pain management. Dr. Tafel is certified by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.


text:
Consolidated Edison Inc. Daily Stock Analysis
Daily Stock Analysis, ED, Consolidated Edison Inc, priceseries
LONG Sep 25. 2020 75.05 Oct 19. 2020 79.86 16 Trading Days 6.42% Link
http://www.conedison.com
John J. McAvoy
4 IRVING PLACE, NEW YORK, NY 10003
Consolidated Edison, Inc. is a holding company, which through its subsidiaries engages in the business of regulated electric, gas, and steam delivery. It operates through the following segments: Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc.; Orange & Rockland Utilities, Inc; Competitive Energy Businesses; and Other. The Consolidated Edison Co. of New York segment involves regulated electric, gas, and steam utility businesses. The Orange & Rockland Utilities segment covers regulated electric and gas utility delivery businesses. The Competitive Energy Businesses segment sells electricity to wholesale and retail customers; provides energy-related products and services; and participates in energy infrastructure projects. The Other segment includes Con Edison Transmission, Inc.; which invests in electric and gas transmission projects. The company was founded in 1823 and is headquartered in New York, NY.
Consolidated Edison, Inc., through its subsidiaries, engages in regulated electric, gas, and steam delivery businesses in the United States. The company offers electric services to approximately 3.4 million customers in New York City and Westchester County; gas to approximately 1.1 million customers in Manhattan, the Bronx, parts of Queens, and Westchester County; and steam to approximately 1,649 customers in parts of Manhattan. It also supplies electricity to approximately 0.3 million customers in southeastern New York, and northern New Jersey; and gas to approximately 0.1 million customers in southeastern New York. The company operates 532 circuit miles of transmission lines; 15 transmission substations; 62 distribution substations; 85,514 in-service line transformers; 3,913 pole miles of overhead distribution lines; and 1,764 miles of underground distribution lines, as well as 1,865 miles of mains and 104,748 service lines for natural gas distribution. In addition, it owns, operates, and develops renewable and energy infrastructure projects; and provides energy-related products and services to wholesale and retail customers, as well as invests in electric and gas transmission projects. It primarily sells electricity to industrial, commercial, residential, and governmental customers. Consolidated Edison, Inc. was founded in 1884 and is based in New York, New York.

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text:
Jay Park Bio, Age, Career, Networth Girlfriend, Instagram
Height Not Known
Profession Singers
Jay Park is a Korean-American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, choreographer, entrepreneur, actor, member of the Seattle-based b-boy crew Art of Movement, and founder and CEO of the independent hip hop record labels AOMG and H1ghr Music.
1 Jay Park's Bio, Age
2 Jay Park's Height
3 Jay Park's Career
4 Jay Park's Girlfriend
5 Jay Park's Networth
6 Social Media : Instagram, Twitter
Jay Park's Bio, Age
Jay Park was born on the 25th of April, 1987, in Edmonds which is situated in the state Washington, U.S.A.Park Jae-beom, known professionally as Jay Park, is a Korean-American rapper. Jay Park father's name is Park Yong-jun and mother's name is Choi Mi-Jung and he has a brother named Jehan; anything else about his family is not yet publicized. He is 33 this year and falls under the Zodiac sign of Taurus, the Bull. He is half Korean and half Ameican.
From an early age, he showed a keen interest in hip hop music as well as breakdancing. He studied at Edmonds Woodway High School where he spent most his time practising a dance with his friends. He also listened to hip hop and rap music and started writing raps himself. After going top Korea, he also studied at the Dankook University and completed his education in a few years.
Jay Park's Height
Source: Zimbio
Jay Park is 5 feet 7 inches and weighs about 63 kilograms. He has a pair of brown eyes with black hair and has a very fine body he made going to the gym. He has few tattoos carved in his body.
Jay Park's Career
Jay Park was one of the early members of the breakdancing crew 'Art of Movement' in 2003. Seeing his interest and skills in breakdancing, his mother suggested he audition for 'JYP Entertainment' which is based in Korea. This brought him to Korea, where he was trained in dancing, rapping, singing, and also the Korean language. Jay lived and studied in Korea for several years until he became a member of the band called '2 PM'. Later he developed his solo career and became a performer, a singer and an actor. He gained a large internet following for his cover the Bobby Ray Simmons song "Nothin' On You".
Jay Park first started appearing in a documentary-style reality program named 'Hot Blood Men' which featured several young aspiring musicians. The members were split into two groups 2 AM and 2 PM. Park managed to get the most fan votes and emerged as the leader of 2 PM. They debuted with their song '10 Out of 10' in September 2008. Their mini-album 'Hottest Time of the Day' was also released around this time. In November 2009, 2 PM released their first professional album '01:59 PM'. It included songs, such as 'Heartbeat', 'Tired of Waiting', 'I was Crazy About You' and 'Gimme the Light'. It reached multiple charts such as the South Korea Gaon Weekly albums charts and the Japan Oricon Weekly albums chart. Park left the band due to controversy and went back to the US in 2010.
He decided to start his solo career and soon created his YouTube channel 'jayparkaom'.In 2011, he released his mini-album 'Take a Deeper Look'. With songs, such as 'Touch the Sky', 'Abandoned' and 'Tonight', the album was a huge success commercially and peaked at number 3 on the United States Billboard World Albums chart. The same year, he also released the single 'Girlfriend' which peaked at number 28 on the Gaon chart in South Korea. It was the first single from his upcoming full album 'New Breed'.
In February 2012, he released his first full album 'New Breed'. The album was a huge success. It reached the first position on the Gaon Weekly albums chart two times. It also charted in multiple countries like France and Canada. His first solo concert 'New Breed Live in Seoul' was held in March at the Olympic Hall of Seoul Olympic Park, and his second one 'New Breed Asia Tour in Seoul' was held in August the same year at the same place. The album 'New Breed' can be considered one of the most significant and successful works of Jay Park's career. With singles, such as 'Girlfriend', 'Know Your Name' 'Up and You' and 'Turn Off Your Phone', the album did quite well commercially. It topped multiple charts in South Korea as well as in the US.
In the ensuing years, he released several albums including 'Evolution' (2014), 'Worldwide' (2015), and 'Everything You Wanted' (2016). He also appeared and participated in multiple TV shows, such as 'Saturday Night Live Korea', 'Show Me the Money 4,' 'King of Mask Singer' and 'Asia's Got Talent'. Now he is under Roc Nation and owns not one but two hip-hop and R&B based company named AOMG and H1GHR MUSIC. He has made many hits following years and is planning to retire soon.
Jay Park's Girlfriend
Jay Park has not publicly dated yet but he describes former member of SISTAR's Bora to be his ideal type.
Jay Park's Networth
Jay Park's net worth is estimated to be around $10 million as of 2020.
Social Media : Instagram, Twitter
Source : Instagram
Jay Park has millions of followers all around the world who love him dearly. His Instagram has about 4.6 million followers. He has about 1.6 million followers on Twitter. he has a total of 2.34 million subscribers on YouTube.
Top 3 Richest Singers
BewhY - $72 Million
Luke Bryan - $70 Million
Tom Kaulitz - $25 Million
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Thomas Miller, the international provider of market leading insurance services, has appointed Ann Haugh as Chief Operating Officer, with immediate effect.
In this newly created role, reporting to Thomas Miller's CEO, Bruce Kesterton, Ann will be primarily responsible for Thomas Miller's organisational efficiency and the development of an operational infrastructure which supports the Group's ambitious growth objectives in insurance services.
Ann is an experienced global senior insurance executive with over 24 years expertise in strategy, operations and general management. Previously, Ann was a member of the Group Executive Committee at Aspen Insurance Group, where she was President, International Insurance, and Global Chief Operating Officer. Prior to Aspen, she worked at Zurich Insurance where she was Group Chief of Staff and Chief Executive Officer, Global Corporate UK.
Founded in 1885, Thomas Miller's origins are in the provision of management services to mutual organisations, particularly in the international transport and professional indemnity sectors; where today it manages a large percentage of the foremost insurance mutuals.
Increasingly, Thomas Miller applies its knowledge and expertise to the development of specialist insurance services.


Do You Know About Servoy?
Never heard of it? You are not alone! There are loads of developers out there who don't even know the platform exists. I stumbled on it myself by chance (basically because it is known in FileMaker circles as THE challenger and my company is doing some FileMaker development... yes, I know!). In fact it is a lot more than a FileMaker clone and it certainly has a lot of potential to seduce most Java developers, which is why I thought of writing this introductory article.
It's never too late to give it a try, and in fact, now would be the best of times: the company recently announced the Open Source version of its award-winning hybrid SaaS platform, Servoy 5.2 - to be released soon.
Quoted from the Servoy web site: "Servoy is a cross-platform application development and deployment environment used to create and deploy applications. Servoy Developer is used to design, develop, test and debug applications and Servoy Server is used to deploy the application, both on Premise or as SaaS."
OK, now that definition might work for your marketing manager, but what exactly is Servoy?
I would say that it is a clever Java RAD platform, based on an Eclipse distribution and a Tomcat server, made to help you write and deploy hybrid applications for Thin clients or Web clients from the same source code using best-of-breed Open Source Java frameworks like Rhino, Hibernate and Wicket, to name a few.
What is it capable of? Most of all, it can reduce your development time by a factor of ten if you are used to develop your applications the good old way in .Net or Java. For a comparison with .Net check out the hilarious 'real world test' they did - for Java, well... you know about it, don't you?
What are the main advantages of an application built with Servoy?
It is database-agnostic. Because Servoy leverages the power of Hibernate without you even noticing, and generates ANSI-92 compliant SQL, you are only one JDBC jar away from migrating your database from one vendor to the next. Servoy offers automatic data-binding, where all you have to do is declare your data source to get access to your data, using the form editor to drag and drop components that will be bound to it. And of course you can make all your data access fully transaction-aware.
Your data is dynamic too! Servoy uses a clever system called "DataBroadcasting" that pushes data in real time to all connected clients viewing the same records, this works for thin client (what they call 'smart' client - because it really is smart) but also for web client, using Ajax polling thanks to Wicket behaviors. And Servoy broadcasts only the relevant changes, being nice to your network.
It is cross-client: this one is a huge time saver. Your code will be used by a thin (Smart) client or a web client. Not only your persistence layer or business layer, but your also you UI layer will be done and scripted using the very same code! You UI is done using a form editor in Eclipse, at design-time, but you also have access to run-time scripting using what is called the "SolutionModel", allowing to modify the properties of all UI objects and even recreate your UI dynamically.
It's easy to deploy and maintain. You install your application on a server, using a web administrative access, with its own versioning system, and it will be deployed to your clients using Java Web Start or accessible from a web browser. Servoy also use a tunnel mode where both type of clients can use the same standard ports (80/443), thus it is easy to deploy even behind a firewall.
It is SaaS ready: you can filter every access to your database based on tenant UUIDs, deploy on a server farm on premises and/or on the cloud (helped by the terracotta distributed layer), all of this with very little configuration.
It is modular: you can build your code out of a set of modules within a main 'solution', or encapsulate critical functionalities in Java plugins and beans.
Check the Servoy Stuff web site for extended tutorials on how to build "Servoy-Aware" plugins and beans.
* Note that this article is in no way commissioned by Servoy, nor even endorsed by the Servoy company.
I am a Java developer happy using Servoy in my day to day work and an Open Source developer building free components, tools and tutorials for the Servoy platform.


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Агі́нський район () — район у складі Забайкальського краю Російської Федерації, є одним із трьох районів Агінського Бурятського округу.

Адміністративний центр — селище міського типу Агінське, яке не входить до складу району і утворює окремий Агінський міський округ.

Населення
Населення — 16684 особи (2019; 18687 в 2010, 17694 у 2002).

Адміністративний поділ
Район адміністративно поділяється на 2 міських та 11 сільських поселень:

Найбільші населені пункти

Див. також
 Агинський степ

Примітки

Райони Забайкальського краю

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: regex of string I want to put the value of percentComplete in the jobStatus in a variable to use later in a shell script. This data goes into a txt file and continually prints these two paragraphs updating the data. I want to be able to get the percentComplete. I have cat the txt file but I don't know the regular expression to use to get the percentComplete (the one inside the jobStatus).
<batchStatus name="" submissionTime="1/23/12 10:00:26 AM" sentBy="mike"
timeElapsed="43 second(s)" timeRemaining="4 minute(s)" timeElapsedSeconds="43"
timeRemainingSeconds="294" percentComplete="12" resumePercentComplete="0"
status="Processing" batchid="FD66DC21-6AA4-47FB-A3F0-7300C7BDAB8A" /batchStatus>
<jobStatus name="file.mov" submissionTime="1/23/12 10:00:26 AM" sentBy="mike"
 jobType="Compressor" priority="HighPriority" timeElapsed="43 second(s)"
timeRemaining="4 minute(s)" timeElapsedSeconds="43" timeRemainingSeconds="294"
 percentComplete="12" resumePercentComplete="0" status="Processing: Transcoding"
jobid="FDF1A488-51B9-4B9A-908B-FD5D95CE7E92"
batchid="FD66DC21-6AA4-47FB-A3F0-7300C7BDAB8A" /jobStatus>

A: It's a very bad idea to use regex for this, you'd be much happier using an XML parser.
If you still want to:
<jobStatus[^>]*percentComplete="([\d]+)"

A: It's a bad idea to parse XML using regular expressions. Regular expressions are not powerful enough, since XML is not a regular language.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SouthworldCulture February 2019Mexico. Poblano Chili here we come.
When most people think of Mexican food, the first thing that comes to mind may be chili peppers and fiery hot dishes that threaten their taste buds.
Although chilis are essential in Mexican cuisine throughout the country, they are not necessarily added for spiciness. More often than not they are used to enhance flavour. Many kinds of chilis give zest to a dish and each type has its own flavour, aroma and texture. As a matter of fact, cookery in colourful Mexico has been classified into hundreds of regional varieties, and each uses chili in its own special way dating back to the country's pre-Hispanic roots.
When Columbus arrived in the New World, he took the name 'chilli' from the Nahulatl language, but called this peculiar vegetable 'chili peppers' since he mistook them for the native Asian peppercorn. Eventually, both the word and the ingredient spread as far as Africa, India and across the seas to China, where varieties of chili are used to this day. Historians today consider chili one of the most import finds that Columbus stumbled on in New Spain, along with vanilla, chocolate and allspice.
Chilis are definitely native to Mesoamerica, and there are records of their being cultivated as early as 7000 B.C. They played an important role in pre-Hispanic times, used not only as food, but also as one of the main forms of tribute paid by the natives to their masters, particularly among the Aztecs, and later to their European conquerors. Friar Bartolome' de las Casas documented the fact that Mexicans did not consider that they had eaten if their meal did not include chili and, although Mexican cuisine has become quite sophisticated over the years, this is still the case. Chili is important not only in cooking, but also in broader aspects of Mexico's culture. It is an integral part of local sayings, songs, folk medicine, puns and the like. It continues to be cultivated throughout Mexico, although the largest crops are grown in eight states, with Sinaloa, Chihuahua and Nayarit heading up national production.
There are dozens of varieties, and since each has a local name, they can be very confusing to discuss. Among the most popular is the delicious, bright green Poblano chili pepper. It grows from between two to eight inches long and is shaped like a triangle or a child's toy top, with a narrow, pointed tip. Its mild taste makes it particularly popular among foreigners. It is versatile enough to be prepared in a wide variety of ways. When stuffed with cheese, beans, chicken, fish, shredded pork, mushrooms, or the more elegant crab or lobster, this simple vegetable becomes a meal in itself. In is commonly stuffed in the Mexican tradition, dredged in flour, coated in a light egg batter, fried until golden brown and served in a tomato-chili sauce.
Around Independence Day in September, poblano chilis take on a festive air. They are dressed up in the colours of the Mexican flag, red, white and green, to make chiles en nogada, filled with a sweet, ground beef scuffing, drenched in an off-white, creamy walnut sauce and garnished with deep red pomegranate seeds.
Poblano chilis are often eaten raw, sliced into strips or rounds, diced or chopped to top a salad, soup or main course. When sliced into thin strips, cooked with onions and cream, they become the perfect taco filling. They are also the basis for a staple in the Mexican diet, green rice. There are other varieties of this same chili, such as a deep orange-red one with a more intense flavour. When dried, the light green poblano chili is known as ancho chili and the dark green one, the mulato chili. They both have a rich, smoky flavour, relatively mild yet zesty.
Both the fresh and dried poblanos are readily available in U.S. supermarkets and grocery stores, due to their mildness and popularity. However, it is confusing to shop for the poblano chili, since its name varies in different regions. For example, they are referred to as pasilla chilis in California, whether dried or fresh.
To prepare the poblano chili pepper and bring out in unique flavour, roast it over the direct flame of a gas range. If you have an electric stove, use a comal griddle or heavy skillet. The traditional procedure is to place the roasted chili in a plastic bag to 'sweat' which makes it easier to peel the skin. After removing the charred skin, rinse it in running water. Next comes 'deveining'. This means removing the thin, light coloured veins inside the chili by slitting it carefully on the side. These veins give chilis their potency. The aroma will fill the air, generally giving you an idea of its piquancy. If you want to tone down the spiciness, soak the chili in salt water, or a mixture of salt water and vinegar for 15 or 20 minutes. This will remove some of the bite without affecting the flavour. If you cannot find poblano chili, safe substitutes are fresh Anaheim or mild New Mexican chilis, mild banana peppers or canned mild green chilis. Also common is the jalapeño, a smaller chili often used as condiment, either pickled as a garnish, or in thin strips added to a stew or main course to give the recipe zing.
Smaller than the jalapeño and often hotter is the serrano chili, frequently referred to as 'green chili' (chile verde). These long thin triangular chilis are firm, green, full of seeds and piquant. A favourite among fire eaters! Be careful when handling them. And remember that the chili's spiciness is usually most concentrated in the veins on the inside and the seeds, so be sure to remove them thoroughly if you want to tone down the chili. They can also be soaked in salted water or a water and vinegar mixture for a milder taste.
Chilaca chilis are long, thin and deep green and can grow up to I2 inches in length. Other fresh chilis common to Mexico are manzano and habanero. Ancho, mulato, pasilla, guajillo, cascabel and catarina are all dried chilis produced in central Mexico. Although it is recommended you remove the skin by roasting, many fresh chilis such as the poblano, or dried chilis like the ancho and mulato are toasted or stir-fried before being added to sauces and stews, skins intact.
All dried chilis must be washed and patted dry before use since they are often dehydrated in unprotected, outdoor environments. Seeds are often removed and saved to temper piquancy of sauces and dishes, since it is always easy to add spiciness and almost impossible to tone it down.
To roast, preheat a tonal or heavy skillet without any oil. Once the comal is medium hot, lightly roast the chili, turning regularly with tongs to ensure evenness. Once roasted, the chili gives off an aroma and is somewhat more pliable. Be careful not to over-roast, or you will wind up with a roasted, burned chili. Only when preparing chilis for a mole sauce can they be roasted longer. You can add the whole roasted or stir-fried chili directly to your dish, or you can crumble it. Many recipes call for pureeing it with other ingredients in a blender or food processor. Of course; the traditional, authentic way is to grind it by hand in a volcanic stone mortar called a molcajete or a flat volcanic stone called a metate in Nahuatl.Ancho and mulato chilis are basic ingredients in most Mexican cuisine. They are the basis for Mexican sauces, like adobo, a common chili sauce prepared with onion, garlic, oregano and vinegar, used to marinate meats, poultry or seafood. They can be combined with chipotle or guajillo chili for a special flavour.Ancho chili peppers are traditionally prepared very much like poblano chilis, stuffed with cheese or avocado, and drenched with a vinaigrette sauce; or combined with onion, garlic, cumin, oregano, cinnamon, cloves, peppercorns and olive oil to be pickled or as a superb enchilada sauce.
They are also the basic ingredient for mole sauces, soups (like tortilla soup), and for flavouring corn tortilla dough. Coloradito, 'little red mole', is one of the famous seven mole sauces from the Oaxacan region, made from the dried ancho chili.
Mulato chili can be used like ancho, but its taste, quite different from the ancho, gives most dishes a distinctive flavour. A combination of chilis, plus sesame seed, almonds, plantains and chocolate make the sauce for Oaxaca's famous black mole sauce. Ancho and mulato chilis can be used interchangeably in recipes. Substitute dried red California chilis or dried red New Mexican chilis if you can't find the authentic Mexican variety. These are often referred to as pod, ristra, or chimayo chilis.
Chili peppers are rich in vitamins A and C, enhancing even the poor man's diet with valuable nutrients. They stimulate the appetite and, by increasing salivation, actually aid digestion. Corn, beans and chili, the staple of Mexico's ancient and modern diet, complement one another. The interdependence of these components balance the overall nutritional value of the Mexican diet.


Volunteers play a huge role in helping spread awareness about water pollution. There are many opportunities to get involved for citizens of all ages. Fill out our Volunteer Interest Form and a streets and stormwater representative will reach out to you.
Did you know that more than 32 billion gallons of stormwater runoff flow to the more than 100 lakes in the City of Orlando each year? Stormwater accounts for 95% of a lake's volume. Every year people pour hazardous chemicals, paints, pesticides, antifreeze and used motor oil down storm drains on streets and in parking lots. Most people don't realize that those drains carry stormwater runoff untreated into local lakes. Stormwater runoff carrying pollutants and illegally dumped wastes can damage water quality and affect fish, wildlife, and recreational opportunities.
Volunteer an hour or two to mark your storm drains with "No Dumping" signs. Storm drain marking is a visual reminder that storm drains are for stormwater only. Marking involves people in the community, educates residents, and increases awareness about the importance of our local water resources and the environment. It's also a great opportunity to work with friends and neighbors or earn community service hours. All materials and training are provided for free to volunteers by the City of Orlando.
Organize your friends, neighbors, church group, scout troop, club or student classroom. Individuals and families can participate, too!
Select a location that needs marking with new or replacement signs. Your City of Orlando neighborhood is a great place to start, or ask for a location assignment.
Contact Kristen.Sims@cityoforlando.net at the City of Orlando Streets & Stormwater Division or by phone at 407.246.2257, to reserve the marking kits.
Pick a day when the weather is dry and the temperature is above 35 degrees Fahrenheit.
Become a LakeWatch volunteer and participate in a statewide program sponsored by University of Florida. Contribute to valuable data on water quality through collecting water samples of local lakes. Learn data collection techniques and volunteer your time (once per month) towards an effort that works to understand and improve Florida's water bodies. Participation requires access to a boat, canoe or kayak. Check out the Florida LAKEWATCH website to learn more and sign up.
The Streets and Stormwater Division frequently partners with Keep Orlando Beautiful to host lake and waterway cleanup events throughout the City. Sign up to receive emails from KOB to stay up to date on upcoming cleanup and volunteer events.
Interested in volunteering but want more information? Fill out our Volunteer Interest Form.


text:
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ePUB (3.878 MB)
Modeling and forecasting solar energetic particle events at Mars: the event on 6 March 1989
A&A 469, 1123-1134 (2007)
Forecasting the Earth's radiation belts and modelling solar energetic particle events: Recent results from SPACECAST
Prediction and warning system of SEP events and solar flares for risk estimation in space launch operations
Analysis and interpretation of inner-heliospheric SEP events with the ESA Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) onboard the INTEGRAL and Rosetta Missions
Solar flares, coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle event characteristics


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Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus
Triptych: Each panel: 78 x 58 in. (198 x 147.5 cm)
Photographed March 1981
Titled, signed and dated on reverse of centre panel
Astrup Fearnley Museet, Oslo
'Francis Bacon, Peintures Récentes', Galerie Maeght-Lelong, Paris, 18 January 1984 - 25 February 1984 (7)
'Francis Bacon', Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 07 February 1986 - 31 March 1986 (110)
'Francis Bacon: Paintings of the Eighties', Marlborough Gallery Inc , New York, 07 May 1987 - 31 July 1987 (2)
'Francis Bacon: Paintings', Central House of the Artists, New Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, 23 September 1988 - 06 November 1988 (15)
'Francis Bacon', Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 12 October 1989 - 07 January 1990
'Francis Bacon', Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, 11 February 1990 - 29 April 1990
'Francis Bacon', Museum of Modern Art, New York, 24 May 1990 - 28 August 1990 (49)
'Francis Bacon: Figurabile', Museo Correr, Venice, 13 June 1993 - 10 October 1993 (26)
'Francis Bacon', Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, 27 June 1996 - 14 October 1996
'Francis Bacon', Haus der Kunst, Munich, 01 November 1996 - 26 January 1997 (74)
'Francis Bacon: Lo Sagrado y lo Profano', Institut Valencià d'Art Moderne, IVAM, Valencia, 11 December 2003 - 21 March 2004
'Francis Bacon: Le Sacré et le Profane', Fondation Dina Vierny-Musée Maillol, Paris, 07 April 2004 - 30 June 2004 (unnum.)
'Britain Salutes New York: Paintings and Sculpture by Contemporary British Artists', Marlborough Gallery Inc , New York, 09 April 1983 - 03 May 1983 (4)
'Francis Bacon: Recent Paintings', Marlborough Gallery Inc , New York, 05 May 1984 - 05 June 1984 (9)
'The Hard-Won Image: Traditional Method and Subject in Recent British Art', Tate Gallery, London, 04 July 1984 - 09 September 1984 (18)
'Double Reality: The School of London', Astrup Fearnley Museet, Oslo, 16 April 1994 - 09 October 1994 (18)
'From London: Bacon, Freud, Kossoff, Andrews, Auerbach, Kitaj' organised by with the British Council , Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, 01 July 1995 - 05 September 1995
'From London: Bacon, Freud, Kossoff, Andrews, Auerbach, Kitaj', Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art, Luxembourg, 22 September 1995 - 05 November 1995
'From London: Bacon, Freud, Kossoff, Andrews, Auerbach, Kitaj', Musée Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne, 16 November 1995 - 31 January 1996 (6)
'Blast to Freeze: British Art in the 20th Century', Kunstmuseum, Wolfsburg, 14 September 2002 - 19 January 2003
'Blast to Freeze: British Art in the 20th Century', Les Abattoirs, Toulouse, 24 February 2003 - 11 May 2003 (unnum.)
'Surrounding Bacon and Warhol', Astrup Fearnley Museet, Oslo, 05 May 2011 - 02 October 2011
'Surrounding Bacon and Warhol', Göteborgs Konstmuseum, Göteborg, 17 March 2012 - 12 August 2012
'Late Paintings (2015)', Gagosian Gallery, New York, 07 November 2015 - 12 December 2015 (unnum.)
Michel Leiris, Francis Bacon: Full Face and in Profile, trans. by John Weightman (Oxford: Phaidon, New York: Rizzoli, 1983). pp. 42, 46; ill. No. 134, unpaged
Francis Bacon (125 works), London: Tate Gallery 22 May. 1985-18 Aug. 1985; Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie 19 Oct. 1985-5 Jan. 1986; Berlin: Nationalgalerie 7 Feb. 1986-31 Mar. 1986; exh cat. (London: Tate Gallery in assoc. with Thames & Hudson, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1985). pp. 17, 20-21, 233; ill. p. 17 (b&w), No. 110, unpaged, p. 233 (left panel, detail, b&w)
Lord Grey Gowrie, ''Francis Bacon: Artist of Endgame'' 19 May. (: The Sunday Times Magazine, , pp. 48-53 1985) ill. p. 49
British Art in the 20th Century: The Modern Movement London: Royal Academy of Arts 15 Jan. 1987-5 Apr. 1987; exh cat. (Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986). p. 308
Hugh M. Davies, Sally Yard, Francis Bacon, Modern Masters series (New York: Abbeville Press, 1986). p. 99; ill. No. 97, p. 101
David Sylvester, The Brutality of Fact: Interviews with Francis Bacon, Third enlarged edition (London: Thames & Hudson 1993 2012, 1987; repr.). ill. No. 138, p. 182 (b&w), No. 139, p. 183 (centre panel, b&w)
Francis Bacon (59 works), Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution 12 Oct. 1989-7 Jan. 1990; Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art 11 Feb. 1990-29 Apr. 1990; New York: Museum of Modern Art 24 May. 1990-28 Aug. 1990; exh cat. (Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, London: Thames & Hudson, 1990). pp. 24, 33; ill. No. 49, unpaged (foldout)
Ernst van Alphen, Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self, Essays in Art and Culture Series (London: Reaktion Books, 1992). p. 148
Andrew Sinclair, Francis Bacon: His Life and Violent Times (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993). p. 254
Figurabile: Francis Bacon Venice: Museo Correr 13 Jun. 1993-10 Oct. 1993; exh cat. (Milan: Electa, 1993). p. 82; ill. No. 26, pp. 83 (b&w), 84-85 (foldout)
Tim Hilton, 'The matter of life and death' (: The Independent on Sunday, 1993). ill. pp. 24-25 (b&w)
John Russell, Francis Bacon, World of Art series, Revised and updated edn. (London: Thames & Hudson, 1993). p. 161; ill. No. 85, pp. 160-161 (b&w)
Daniel Farson, The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon (London: Vintage, 1994). p. 128
Wieland Schmied, Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict, trans. by John Ormrod (Munich and New York: Prestel-Verlag, 1996). p. 90
Christophe Domino, Francis Bacon: 'Taking Reality by Surprise', New Horizons series (London: Thames & Hudson, 1997). pp. 68, 103, 126; ill. p. 104
Francis Bacon in Dublin (45 works), Dublin: Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art 1 Jun. 2000-31 Aug. 2000; exh cat. (London: Thames & Hudson in assoc. with Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane, 2000). p. 20
David Sylvester, Looking Back at Francis Bacon (London: Thames & Hudson, 2000). pp. 158, 211-212; ill. No. 130, unpaged (fold-out)
Luigi Ficacci, Bacon: 1909-1992, Taschen Basic Art Series (Cologne and London: Taschen, 2003). p. 94; ill. pp. 16-17
Margarita Cappock, Francis Bacon's Studio (London: Merrell, 2005). pp. 137, 169, 197; ill. No. 254, p. 141
Bacon-Picasso: The Life of Images Paris: Musée Picasso 2 Mar. 2005-30 May. 2005; exh cat. (Paris: Flammarion, 2005). p. 164
Martin Harrison, In Camera: Francis Bacon, Photography, Film and the Practice of Painting (London: Thames & Hudson, 2005). pp. 105, 200; ill. No. 249, p. 225 (left panel)
Francis Bacon in the 1950s (55 works), Norwich: Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts 26 Sep. 2006-10 Dec. 2006; Wisconsin: Milwaukee Art Museum 29 Jan. 2007-15 Apr. 2007; Buffalo: Albright-Knox Art Gallery 5 May. 2007-30 Jul. 2007; exh cat. (New Haven: Yale University Press in assoc. with the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, 2006). p. 173
Michael Peppiatt, Francis Bacon: Studies for a Portrait: Essays and Interviews (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008). pp. 112, 264, 265
Michael Peppiatt, Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma, Revised edn. (London: Constable, 2008). p. 334
Francis Bacon (90 works), London: Tate Britain 11 Sep. 2008-4 Jan. 2009; exh cat. (London: Tate Publishing, 2008). pp. 216, 234; ill. pp. 228-229
Sam Hunter, Francis Bacon, Modern Masters series (Barcelona: Ediciones Polígrafia, 2009). p. 59; ill. pp. 86-87
Martin Harrison, Francis Bacon - New Studies: Centenary Essays (Göttingen: Steidl, 2009). p. 222; ill. No. 159, p. 223
Caravaggio Bacon (16 works), Rome: Galleria Borghese 2 Oct. 2009-24 Jan. 2010; exh cat. (Milan: Federico Motta Editore, 2009). pp. 40, 75-76, 104, 212; ill. pp. 212, 213 (central panel)
Katharina Günther, Francis Bacon: Metamorphoses (London: The Estate of Francis Bacon, 2011). p. 13; ill. frontispiece (detail), p. 12 (left panel)
Bruno Sabatier, Francis Bacon: Œuvre graphique - The graphic work: Catalogue raisonné (Paris: JSC Modern Art Gallery, 2012). p. 68
Rina Arya, Francis Bacon: Painting in a Godless World (Farnham: Lund Humphries, 2012). pp. 56, 161
Jonathan Littell, Triptych: Three Studies after Francis Bacon (London: Notting Hill Editions Ltd, 2013). pp. 53-54
Martin Hammer, Francis Bacon, Phaidon Focus (London and New York: Phaidon, 2013). pp. 106, 128; ill. No. 87, pp. 128, 129 (left panel), 130 (centre panel), 131 (right panel)
Francis Bacon: Late Paintings (18 works), New York: Gagosian Gallery 7 Nov. 2015-12 Dec. 2015; exh cat. (New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2015). pp. 14, 101, 181; ill. pp. 64-66, 101 (left panel), 204
Martin Harrison, Francis Bacon: La France et Monaco / France and Monaco (Paris: Albin Michel, Monte Carlo: Francis Bacon MB Art Foundation, 2016). pp. 146, 180; ill. No. 38, p. 181 (central panel)
Martin Harrison, Francis Bacon: Catalogue Raisonné (London: The Estate of Francis Bacon, 2016). pp. 22, 1090, 1096, 1182, 1220-1224, 1236; ill. pp. 1221-1223, 1225 (centre panel, detail)
Martin Harrison, Bacon and the Mind: Art, Neuroscience and Psychology, Francis Bacon Studies (1) (London: Thames & Hudson, London: The Estate of Francis Bacon, 2019). p. 54 (centre panel); ill. no. 36, p. 55, ill. no. 83, p. 125 (left panel)


This I see every now and then. It's more than just the phone.
Basically this: if anyone tells you that it's 100% the phone, I wouldn't really believe that as you have the router in the equation as well.
Sure, sometimes it's very obvious that it's the phone that fails but it's actually more common that the router fails. Or even other things connected to the router that makes your HTC phone to fail with the connection.
Try on more than one router.
Make sure that the wifi settings are in order.
Sometimes resetting the wifi router does wonders for connection drops etc.
Search for software updates in the router interface, I've seen that help in some brands of wifi routers.
Disconnect every other thing connecting to the router via wifi, and try with only the phone that got issues.
Make sure that your phone is in a nice working order. I would do a factory reset etc. If it still doesn't behave on wifi after all you tried with the wifi router. You got some pointers on how to fix the phone HERE.
And, if it behaves in the same strange ways on more than one router. That points to it being the phone.


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You are here: Home / News / Current News / Continued Expansions Protect Ecuadorean Andes, a Global Biodiversity H...
Continued Expansions Protect Ecuadorean Andes, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot
September 11, 2018 /in Current News, Uncategorized /by Rainforest Trust
In May, Rainforest Trust helped secure a 133-acre strategic land purchase — an area the size of 100 football fields — to expand the protection of Tapichalaca Reserve. The reserve was first established in 1998 after Rainforest Trust's President Dr. Robert Ridgely discovered the iconic and Endangered Jocotoco Antpitta nearby.
For twenty years, Rainforest Trust has worked with its longest-standing Ecuadorean partner Fundación Jocotoco to expand a network of nature reserves that are some of the last sanctuaries for many threatened and endemic species in the Ecuadorean Andes.
The Tapichalaca Reserve is Jocotoco's first reserve (of more than a dozen today) and encompasses spectacular montane forest on Ecuador's eastern Andes slope, one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.
"Strategic land purchases to expand nature reserves is key to Rainforest Trust's work to protect threatened species into the future," said Rainforest Trust CEO Dr. Paul Salaman. "We are delighted to work again with Fundación Jocotoco to secure this private property in the Ecuadorean Andes."
The reserve harbors at least 55 plant species endemic to the slopes of Cerro Tapichalaca, including a Critically Endangered vine. It also protects significant numbers of threatened animal species, ranging from large mammals such as Endangered Mountain Tapirs to the Endangered Black-and-chestnut Eagle. The list of globally threatened species protected by Tapichalaca Reserve will likely grow as a number of species, such as the endemic Tapichalaca Tree Frog (Hylacirtus tapichalaca), have not yet been assigned an IUCN threat category.
The beautiful landscape of Tapichalaca Reserve. Photo courtesy of Jocotoco.
Rainforest Trust will continue to work with Jocotoco to expand this and other reserves throughout Ecuador, a nation that hosts more species per square mile than most others on Earth.
This purchase was made possible by the Conservation Action Fund and supporters of our work in Ecuador. All gifts to the Conservation Action Fund are matched through the SAVES Challenge and are used 100 percent in support conservation action.
Header Image: Endangered Mountain Tapier. Photo courtesy of Martin Schaefer.
https://legacy.rainforesttrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Tap2.jpg 642 1496 Rainforest Trust https://legacy.rainforesttrust.org/wp-content/uploads/RT-horizontal-340pxW.png Rainforest Trust2018-09-11 16:17:362019-05-29 14:36:43Continued Expansions Protect Ecuadorean Andes, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot
New State Park to Strengthen Tiger Protection in Malaysia Dracula Reserve Expansion: New Protection for Ecuador's Endangered Orchid...


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Ralph Priso-Mbongue
#97 • Midfielder • Colorado Rapids
Supplemental Slots 25-28
Player Details
8.2.2002 (20)
Position Detail
Preferred Side
Roster Category
Player Category
Toronto's Jozy Altidore undergoes foot surgery, Ralph Priso to miss rest of 2021
Toronto FC forward Jozy Altidore has undergone successful foot surgery that will require a six-week recovery period, the club announced Thursday. Altidore had been in New York to get a second opinion on the chronic foot issue, then underwent the procedure following his evaluation. Toronto also announced that homegrown midfielder
Watch MLS in 15 from ATX vs. COL | October 9, 2022
Watch MLS in 15 from COL vs. LA | July 16, 2022
Power and Finesse! Vote for your favorite goal below or at Twitter.com/MLS | Goal of the Week presented by AT&T 5G
HIGHLIGHTS: Toronto FC vs. Atlanta United FC | June 25, 2022
GOAL: Ralph Priso-Mbongue, Toronto FC - 78th minute
HIGHLIGHTS: FC Cincinnati vs. Toronto FC | May 04, 2022
HOW ACQUIRED: Signed as a Homegrown player on Oct. 14, 2020,
A talented young midfielder, Priso impressed in his time with the club's academy and USL sides and has also represented Canada at youth level, including at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
INTERNATIONAL: Priso represented Canada at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Brazil, where he appeared in all three games of the group stage.
OUTSIDE MLS: Priso made five appearances for Toronto FC II during the 2019 USL One regular season after making his debut against Richmond Kickers on August 17, 2019. He played for Toronto FC III during the 2018 League 1 Ontario, where he made six appearances and scored one goal.


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Luciogobius koma är en fiskart som först beskrevs av Snyder, 1909.  Luciogobius koma ingår i släktet Luciogobius och familjen smörbultsfiskar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Smörbultsfiskar
koma


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Science + faith
National Prayer Breakfast 2021
Home / What's on
Australians gather on Monday 8th November to pray for our leaders and our nation's communities.
Mon 8 Nov
7.30-8.30am AEDT & AWST
Where Live streamed from
Jenny George
Karen Pang
Australians gather on Monday 8th November to pray for our leaders and for the wellbeing of all people throughout this great land.
The National Prayer Breakfast is coming at a critical moment for our nation. With many Australians isolated through protracted lockdowns and fearful of the future, it is an opportunity to unite in prayer for one another. We will come before our Heavenly Father, acknowledging that we need forgiveness and can rely on him in all things. We will pray that God's light may shine through his people for the good of all in Australia.
We invite you to host a breakfast at which your friends, members of your church, school or community group may gather (ensuring you comply with local COVID19 restrictions) to watch the live stream. You could even consider inviting your local Member, Senator or civic leaders.
You can register for Individual guest tickets or as a Group Host. To receive a special host pack of advertising material, please register as a Group Host.
Please contact Leon Hribar for further information.
Dr Jenny George is the CEO of Converge International, one of Australia's largest mental health providers to workplaces. It provides EAP, training and consulting to over 2 million workers nationwide. Converge is a for-profit enterprise with a for-purpose heart, and now also funds R&D into the relationship between Faith and Work. Jenny has a Business PhD from Stanford, and taught & researched in Data Analytics. She is a Distinguished Academic Fellow of the Melbourne Business School (University of Melbourne). Jenny is this year's keynote speaker.
Karen Pang is an Actress and Presenter with over 20 years of experience. She studied at The National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA). She has worked extensively in Film, Theatre and Television, including such shows as 'Dead Lucky' (SBS). Karen's role as a Presenter includes work with such companies as Westpac, Peace Wise and 'Playschool' on the ABC. Karen feels excited and blessed to be a part of The National Prayer Breakfast as this year's MC.
City Bible Forum


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De Slag bij Lincoln was een veldslag die op 20 mei 1217 plaatsvond rondom Lincoln Castle tijdens de Eerste Baronnenoorlog. De slag werd uitgevochten tussen het Franse invasieleger en de Engelse loyalisten onder leiding van Willem de Maarschalk.

Aanloop
Tijdens de Eerste Baronnenoorlog die in 1216 was begonnen proclameerde prins Lodewijk van Frankrijk zich tot koning van Engeland. Lodewijk werd gesteund door enkele Engelse baronnen die in opstand waren gekomen tegen de regering van koning Jan zonder Land. Gedurende de oorlog overleed Jan en werd zijn negenjarige zoon Hendrik tot de nieuwe koning gekroond. Willem de Maarschalk diende als de regent voor de minderjarige koning. Deze verzamelde vervolgens een leger te Newark-on-Trent en marcheerde hier vervolgens mee naar Lincoln om het Franse beleg aldaar te breken.

Slag
De Fransen waren op de hoogte van de komst van het Engelse leger, maar ze waren onzeker over de grootte ervan en maakten daarom verschillende plannen. De Maarschalk naderde Lincoln vanuit het noorden vanwaar de route door de stad naar het kasteel het kortst was. De stadspoort werd ingenomen en vervolgens namen de Engelse boogschutters posities in op de daken van de huizen vanwaar ze de Fransen konden bestoken met pijlen. Dit veroorzaakte veel verwarring bij de belegeraars en vervolgens ging Willem de Maarschalk met zijn ridders in de aanval. Er werd Thomas van Perche de overgave aangeboden, maar hij verkoos ervoor om vechtend te sterven. Een gedeelte van het leger werd gevangen genomen en het gedeelte dat ontkwam vluchtte naar Londen.

Nasleep
De stad Lincoln werd door de zegevierende Engelsen geplunderd, omdat het tijdens het beleg trouw was gebleven aan prins Lodewijk. De slag betekende een keerpunt in de Eerste Baronnenoorlog. Veel tegenstanders van Hendrik III waren immers bij de slag gevangen genomen. Vanuit Frankrijk werden versterkingen naar Engeland gestuurd onder leiding van Eustaas de Monnik, maar deze werd in de Slag bij Dover verslagen.

Lincoln
Lincoln
Lincoln
Geschiedenis van East Midlands
Lincoln (Verenigd Koninkrijk)
Lincoln
1210-1219


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Aseop had a fable about sticks. Taken individually, each stick was easily snapped in two, but when bundled together they reinforced one another and possessed tremendous strength. In order to cultivate strength and structural integrity in any business, the organization's branding must go beyond logo, lobby and letterhead.
Formats can be customized to meet the needs of your organization via hour-long presentations, round table discussions, moderated panels or multiple-day retreats.


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INTERPRETING THE 20TH CENTURY
INTERPRETINGTHE 20TH CENTURY
The20th century changed the world politically, economically, and orsocially through various transformations that nobody could haveimagined as the century came towards its end. It was a period markedwith great and prompt alterations that expanded the level ofimagination globally. Thus, the paper examines the major human themesdeveloped within the course of the 20th century.
First,the 20th century marked the generation of democracy and industrialrevolution within the western world. As a result, the revolution anddemocracy were extended to the non-western countries.1Additionally, there existed significant influence of secularism,industrialism, individualism and technology amongst individuals fromthe western region of the world. Similarly, the 20th centuryincorporated massive attempt to enhance nationalism, advancement incommunication, information technology, and large-scaleindustrialization.2
Second,the century was marked by two major world wars namely World Wars Iand II between 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 respectively. In consequence,there was enormous destruction of properties and higher death ratescompared to the past wars, leading to more emphasis on collaborativesecurity through international treaties e.g. United Nations.3Also, the wars culminated in constant amplification in the livingstandards and level of expectations amongst the United States'citizens and a majority of the global states. Besides, it manifesteda great escalation in the United States' history since theeconomic, social, and political desires were passed from dominantgroups to the minority ethnicity groups. As a consequence, victorieswere realized with regards to the fight for people's rights,security, and freedom.4
Third,the impact of Marxism in the 20th century taught millions of personsregarding the significance of morals and or regions in the society.Marxism remained a solid foundation of ideas due to the centralconcepts within the societal levels alongside diffusion of authority.As a result, the century led to the formation of politicalmovements.5Moreover, the discovery of Penicillin in the 20th century byAlexander Fleming, though an unforeseen event, has had a huge impactdue to its intense in the research and development of newantibiotics. Although the development of penicillin might have beenaccidental, it remains one of the greatest achievements in the 20thcentury which has been of great value in the 21st century.6
Lastly,much advancement in the field of social sciences was developed in the20th century. For instance, there was a massive rise in the number ofsocietal scientists participating in different academics and teachingcenters, as well as research. In the same way, the scientists havetheir areas of specialization and comprehensiveness based on theirhigher education degrees.7The proliferation and advancements in social sciences not onlyoccurred in the United States but the world as a whole. As a result,many academic and research centers in the western countries emergedall over the world. Equally, various universities spread from thewestern to the rest of the world with dozens of advanced courses.8Finally, the 20th century embraced the use of computers to carry outchallenging research and teaching via data storage and retrieval,i.e. the century experienced computer revolution.9
The20th century was marked by various attempts to change the worldconnection based on such facets as democracy, technology, andcommunism amongst the western countries and the remaining parts ofthe world. Therefore, the 20th century is pivotal in the current 21stcentury which is characterized by high-level technology,international relations, and various political movements among othertransformations.
Agar,Jon.&nbspSciencein the 20th Century and Beyond.Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2012.
Guibernau,Montserrat.&nbspNationalisms:The nation-state and nationalism in the twentieth century.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp Sons, 2013.
Maugin,Gérard A.&nbspContinuummechanics through the twentieth century.Berlin: Springer, 2013.
Purkiss,Diane.&nbspThewitch in history: early modern and twentieth-century representations.HowickPlace,&nbspLondon:Routledge, 2013.
Smith,Tony.&nbspAmerica`smission: the United States and the worldwide struggle for democracy.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.
1.	Montserrat Guibernau,&nbspNationalisms:	The nation-state and nationalism in the twentieth century,	(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp Sons, 2013), 153.
2.	Tony Smith,&nbspAmerica`s	mission: the United States and the worldwide struggle for democracy,	(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012), 186.
3.	Ibid, 191-192.
4.	Diane Purkiss,&nbspThe	witch in history: early modern and twentieth-century	representations,	(Howick	Place,&nbspLondon:	Routledge, 2013), 133.
5.	Gérard	Maugin,&nbspContinuum	mechanics through the twentieth century,	(Berlin: Springer, 2013), 51.
6.	Jon Agar,&nbspScience	in the 20th Century and Beyond,	(Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2012), 21-22.
7.	Ibid,	31.
9.	Ibid, 55.


One of the most celebrated wines is Champagne, or should I say the wine most used for celebrations is champagne. Either way, you get my drift. Champagne is one of the most prized wines in the world. If you are getting a gift for a special someone, Champagne is always a good option. In the restaurant, when someone wants to celebrate a special occasion, Champagne is a necessity. Everyone knows Champagne. But does everybody really know Champagne?
It is pretty common knowledge that Champagne is a sparkling wine from the region of Champagne, France and any other sparkling wine is not Champagne. But what else do people know. I know that when I presented this seminar to the servers at the restaurant, many lefty wide-eyed and full of new information. These are professionals that serve it everyday. Sometimes we take things for granted.
Understanding that Champagne and sparkling wines are too different wines, merely because of place is important. Once you begin to try other types of sparkling wines you just might find one that fits better in your budget. Sparkling wine seems to be reserved for special occasions, but isn't being alive a special occasion. It should be drunk a lot more. These wines are excellent to pair with food, to pair with cheese and just for lounging in your patio.
This seminar is a seminar on sparkling wine and an introduction to understanding how it is made, different regions of the world and their flavor profiles. I hope you enjoy it.


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Georgia and TCU set for showdown in CFP National Championship
Yahoo Sports college football writer Nick Bromberg takes you through TCU's unexpected victory over Michigan in the College Football Playoff Semifinal Fiesta Bowl and Georgia's statement win over Ohio State in the Peach Bowl, and breaks down the showdown between the TCU Horned Frogs and the SEC champion Georgia Bulldogs in the College Football Playoff National Championship.
NICK BROMBERG: The greatest day in college football playoff history has given us Georgia and TCU in the National title game. Entering 2022, just 3 of 16 semi-finals, had been decided by single digits. On Saturday, the two semifinal games were decided by a total of 7 points, as TCU beat Michigan 51-45, and defending national champions, Georgia, beat Ohio State 42-41.
Georgia is aiming to be the first team in college football playoff history to win back to back national titles. And it needed 18 points in the fourth quarter to eke out the win as Noah Ruggles' game winning 50-yard field goal sailed wide left with three seconds to go. Even Kirby Smart said after the game that Ohio State probably deserved to win. But Georgia and QB Stetson Bennett were composed during the fourth quarter as the Bulldogs went 72 yards in five plays to take the lead with 54 seconds to go.
TCU, meanwhile, is looking for its first national title since 1938. The Horned Frogs took down Michigan in a chaotic game that featured 44 points in the third quarter. Michigan made multiple comeback attempts in that game, but TCU did enough to hang on to win. The Horned Frogs are the first Big 12 team to play for the National title since Texas, after the 2009 season.
Georgia, meanwhile, is looking to become the sixth team from the SEC to win a playoff title. The undefeated Bulldogs are favored to win the title game, but don't count out TCU. While Georgia overcame a 14-point fourth quarter deficit on Saturday night, this is a TCU team that has made a habit of overcoming big second half deficits all season long.
Andrew Wiggins understands James Wiseman's confusion about Warriors' fit
Andrew Wiggins told reporters Sunday that he understands James Wiseman's confusion regarding his situation with the Warriors.
IndyStar | The Indianapolis Star
'We couldn't cover him.' How does anyone defend Purdue's Zach Edey? 'Impossible.'
Zach Edey finished the game with 38 points and 13 rebounds, leaving Spartans defenders bruised and bewildered.
NFL rumors: Brock Purdy sustained right UCL injury, 49ers believe
The 49ers reportedly are hoping Brock Purdy didn't sustain a ruptured UCL in his right elbow.