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Chapel Founder:
Fr. Suitbert G. Mollinger
The Life and Times of
Fr. Mollinger
Chapel Patron:
Lighting Restoration Campaign
Thy Saints' Keeper - DVD
Saints & Blesseds in St. Anthony's Chapel
Secure Online Donations via PayPal
Sanctuary Candle
Votive Candle
Official StAC Prayer
Our Lady of Loreto
St. Agatha of Sicily
St. Bernadette Soubirous
St. Blaise
St. Charbel
St. Elizabeth of Portugal
St. Faustina Kowalska
St. Frances Xavier Cabrini
St. Francis Xavier
St. Hedwig
St. Juan Diego
St. Justina of Padua
St. Louis IX of France
St. Louis Marie de Montfort
St. Macarius
St. Martin de Porres
St. Matthew
St. Matthias
St. Margaret Mary Alacoque
St. Nicholas of Myra
St. Paul Miki
St. Peter Chanel
St. Peter Claver
St. Philomena
St. Pio of Pietrelcina
St. Polycarp
St. Pope John Paul II
St. Stephen Protomartyr
St. Theodore "The General"
St. Thérèse of Lisieux
St. Thomas Becket
Blesseds
Bl. Angela Truszkowska
Bl. Anne Catherine Emmerich
Bl. Chiara Badano
Bl. Frederic Janssoone
Bl. Imelda Lambertini
Bl. Jacinta and Francisco
Bl. Marija Petkovic
Bl. Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Bl. Pier Giorgio Frassati
Bl. Theresa of Jesus
Gerhardinger
Bl. William Chaminade
Venerables
Ven. Solanus Casey
Maria Esperanza
Mary Virginia Merrick
StAC Saint of the Month
(AmericanCatholic.org)
E-Community
Chapel Visitor Feedback
The International Reputation
of Fr. Suitbert Mollinger
By Alexander J. Schrenk
Of all the great priestly characters of our diocese, Father Suitbert Mollinger's legacy endures in an especially vibrant way. Few priests in Pittsburgh have served with as much resonance. While most parishes have a special regard for their founding pastor, Father Mollinger's name is often spoken at Most Holy Name in Troy Hill with as much reverence as if he were still alive.
At the parish cemetery in Reserve, his granite monument on the top of the hill dominates all the others. Other pastors' gravestones huddle around it as if to offer testimony to the greatness of their predecessor. The rectory is another inescapable reminder of Father Mollinger. The son of Dutch nobility,1 he had the rectory constructed in a lavish European style in 1877. Trophies of his hunting prowess still decorate the walls of the dining room.
Of course, Father Mollinger's greatest monument is Saint Anthony Chapel. The little chapel in Troy Hill is well known as the largest collection of holy relics outside of the Vatican. It contains over five thousand pieces, from the skull of Saint Macarius of Jerusalem to a piece of the table of the Last Supper. All of these are housed within a veritable jewel box of giltwood and painted plaster. Every Catholic grade-schooler in the North Hills takes at least one field trip to Saint Anthony Chapel.
As a seminarian for the diocese, I had the opportunity this past year to serve at Saint Anthony Chapel as a tour guide. During this assignment, Father John Dinello, pastor of Most Holy Name Parish, and Carole Brueckner, chairperson of the Chapel Committee, asked me to do further historical research on Father Mollinger. Research results dearly indicated the extensive exposure that Father Mollinger received in his own time, how far his influence extended, and the reasons for his prominence.
The earliest source that deals with Father Mollinger dates from 1880. A History of the Catholic Church in the Dioceses of Pittsburg and Allegheny by Father Andrew Lambing, an early diocesan historian, describes Father Mollinger's labors in establishing Most Holy Name Parish. Father Mollinger lived from 1828 to 1892, and his pastorate at Most Holy Name began in 1868; therefore, the 1880 source represents a contemporary viewpoint of the mark that Father Mollinger was leaving on the diocese.
Father Lambing's focus in his History is to chronicle the establishment of parishes, rather than to provide character insights about pastors.2 It is noteworthy, then, that Father Lambing departs from providing a history of the parish in order to comment on Father Mollinger:
… Father Mollinger is in possession of a treasure deserving of special mention—the large number of sacred relics which he has brought together. The collection amounts to perhaps four thousand, and is arranged in order in a room specially prepared for its reception. … [T]he collection may safely be said to be one of the largest and rarest in America, and few persons or institutions in the entire Christian world are permitted to congratulate themselves on the possession of such a treasure.3
Later in life, Father Mollinger attracted more attention from his apparently miraculous cures than from his impressive collection of relics. However, Father Lambing wrote in 1880, before the completion of even the first stage of Saint Anthony Chapel. In all likelihood, Father Mollinger was already using his training as a physician to administer prescriptions to parishioners and possibly other people, but any such activity was evidently not prominent enough in 1880 to be known to Father Lambing.
By 1887, news of Father MoIlinger's proficiency as a healer had spread quite far. On May 19 of that year, the Irish Canadian reprinted an exhaustive, full-page story from the Philadelphia Times about "the miracle-worker of Troy Hill." This article amounts to what we would call a personal interest story today, beginning with a personal history of Father Mollinger. His alluringly aristocratic family origins, along with his supposedly great personal wealth, made Father Mollinger a fascinating subject. The piece mentions the large collection of relics, and even details how Father was supposed to have acquired them: He would evidently make a large donation while visiting certain European monasteries and then demurely ask, "Have you, perhaps, a relic or two that might be spared for my chapel in America?", which the abbot could never refuse.
A large part of the Irish Canadian article, however, is dedicated to describing the often miraculous cures that Father Mollinger performed on Troy Hill. The chapel is described as a "Mecca" of endless processions of pilgrims, not alone from the cities of Pittsburg and Allegheny … but also from neighboring States, and in many instances from far distant points." In many cases, the article states, Father Mollinger would work the cures by ordinary means; for example, he paid for a poor Irish boy's surgery from his own pocket. But the number of cases in which incurable maladies were cured with no medical explanation "runs up into the thousands." Father Mollinger is reported to have healed the blind, cured the lame, and even delivered the possessed.
Even more interestingly, the article notes that miraculous cures have been "so common … that they have ceased long ago to attract public attention here"—and "here" would have to mean Philadelphia, the place where the article was composed. Moreover, the cures had apparently been ongoing for fifteen years hence.4
The 1887 article marks what appears to be a period of rapidly increasing publicity for Father Mollinger. Every year afterward, an article appeared in a major newspaper detailing the miraculous cures of the priest from Pittsburgh. Predictably, these articles nearly all cluster in the months of June and July, in the aftermath of the Feast of Saint Anthony on June 13, the date that always marked the highest concentration of pilgrims to Troy Hill.
In June 1889, all article appeared in the Chicago Daily Tribune about the priest who "pretends to do no miracles," but, "having wonderful knowledge of medicine and human ills, prescribes and invokes God's and the Saint's [sic] all healing power to aid him." A similar piece followed in the same newspaper the next year, noting that the Feast of Saint Anthony had attracted more than the usual amount of attention that year.
Perhaps because of the increased and further-flung media exposure, 1890 seems to mark an annus mirabilis for Father Mollinger. The following month, he received a biography in the Illustrated American, a periodical collection of notable persons from across the United States. Two months after that, on September 5, 1890, a full page article appeared in the New Zealand Tablet, a Catholic newspaper on the other side of the world. They had reprinted the piece from the Catholic Sentinel of Oregon.
The New Zealand Tablet article is fascinating, not only because it establishes that Father Mollinger was truly internationally famous, but because of the specific information provided. The Catholic Sentinel had obtained a sizeable number of personal testimonies about the events of June 13, 1890 from the Pittsburg Catholic, which helped to illustrate the great distance from which pilgrims to Troy Hill were coming. Short interviews were done with Catholic pilgrims and non-Catholics alike, from as nearby as Lawrenceville and as far away as Brooklyn, New York; Teutopolis, Illinois; and Savannah, Georgia. Father Mollinger had been so occupied with the number of pilgrims that he became ill from overwork. He had been holding personal consultations "for a number of days, with very little cessation."
By 1891, Father Mollinger must have been firmly established as a popular celebrity. No less notable a publication than The New York Times confirms this. In August of that year, it printed an article repudiating a rumor that Father Mollinger had been summoned to appear before the Holy Father in Rome. In addition to that report, the piece offers standard themes in articles about Father Mollinger: many were miraculously and instantaneously healed, he accepted no money for his services, and he always denied that the miracles were of his own working, as he was only a physician.
Even outside of religious circles, Father Mollinger had begun to attract attention. The Philadelphia Medical News published a piece in August which records the testimony of a skeptical Pittsburgh physician about Father Mollinger's faith cures. The Medical News casts a predictably disapproving light upon the activity on Troy Hill, noting that many were not cured, and that poor people often made a large personal sacrifice to appear before Father Mollinger. They do, however, concede that he had been a regularly licensed physician in Germany, and that, as he operated with the utmost sincerity; "he was not inclined to quackery." From a nonreligious perspective, this might be deemed high praise.
Father Mollinger died on June 15, 1892, from an undetermined stomach ailment that was almost certainly brought on by the stress of the previous day's activities. He had only just completed the final stages of Saint Anthony Chapel, and celebrated the great feast day which had brought thousands to Troy Hill. An obituary was carried on June 16 in the New York Times, which called Father Mollinger "a remarkable man," and noted that his fume had been "international."
Popular opinion held that Father Mollinger was fabulously wealthy; in reality, he had spent nearly all of his fortune on constructing the reliquary chapel. For some months after his death, the New York Times and several Pittsburgh newspapers covered the drama of Father Mollinger's missing will. The sensationalist Pittsburgh Dispatch carried a story June 22 that Bishop Phelan had found the missing will in the chapel's tabernacle, which fact had just nearly prevented the "invaluable yet valueless" relics from "falling into showmen's hands." By any other historical account, all elements of that story are false, but the story does illustrate the high degree of public interest in Father Mollinger's affairs at the time.
To provide a summary of newspaper coverage on Father Mollinger after his death would necessitate another article. After he died, a lengthy legal affair transpired concerning his personal property and the rights of his heirs, since he had in fact died intestate.5 From 1893 to 1894, more legal action ensued over the patents to Father Mollinger's medicines and compounds. Eventually, the U.S. Patent Office became involved in sorting out the business between three claimants who believed that the right to fill Father Mollinger's prescriptions had been theirs. Although this litigation had only ever been undertaken after Father Mollinger's death and therefore in no way directly involved him, it has, to some degree, led to a popular opinion that the priest was a quack doctor. Adding to this perception is a whole line of "Father Mollinger's Medicines" that appeared from North Side druggists in the mid-1910s. None of these cures have any direct relationship to Father Mollinger himself, but merely used his name and portrait to appeal to his revered memory.
There are two factors that contributed to Father Mollinger's popularity, a reputation that is demonstrably international. One was the priest's air of exotic nobility and, indeed, any European nobleman would have stood out in Pittsburgh in the 1890s. By all accounts, he had a striking appearance, being "of large and powerful frame, and the voice of Boanerges." Adding to the mystique of the miracle-worker of Troy Hill is the fact that he never granted personal interviews or commented on his cures. The Irish Canadian noted that "every attempt to draw out an explanatory interview has proved futile." The mystique of Father Mollinger's very person made him an interesting topic for the day's sensational brand of journalism, and word of the miracle-working priest soon spread all over the world.
The greatest factor, however, was the priest's indisputable ability to cure disease. One piece in particular notes that a single cured man from Louisville, Kentucky; brought a crowd of one hundred pilgrims to the chapel the next year. Whether he accomplished his cures by the medicines that he proscribed or by the faith of his patients is undeterminable. Even the doubtful Pittsburgh physician noted that Father Mollinger was "highly educated" and capable of healing by natural means alone. An educated Catholic would likely conclude that for most of the cures, grace and nature cooperated.
In 1914, Father Lambing completed his first volume of Short Biographical Sketches of the Deceased Bishops and Priests who Labored in the Diocese of Pittsburgh from the Earliest Times to the Present. In the six-page tribute to Father Mollinger, Father Lambing provides an expertly balanced summary of his subject. He expresses a reasonable degree of restraint in praising the priest's miracles, for although "that extraordinary cures were effected is beyond doubt," he concludes that it is impossible to differentiate in many cases what might be attributed to natural causes and what might be called supernatural intervention.
However, Father Lambing errs in his introduction, when he notes that "the memory of Rev. S.G. Mollinger, like that of many others, is rapidly passing into oblivion." In truth, Father Mollinger's legacy will endure as long as pilgrims continue to pass through the portals of Saint Anthony Chapel on Troy Hill, whether they are seeking favors from the Almighty or appeasing our primal attraction to the sacred. The Pittsburgh Diocese still enjoys the fruit of his great labors, and will continue to do so for the next century and beyond. Father Mollinger's name lives on.
Alek Schrenk is a seminarian for the Diocese of Pittsburgh studying at the Pontifical North American College in Rome, Italy.
1 Though he was ethnically German, Father Mollinger's father was supposedly the Prime Minister of the short-lived Kingdom of Holland.
2 Lamblng's later 1914 work, Biographical Sketches, serves to provide the insight on the pastors.
3 Rev. Andrew Lambing, A History of the Catholic Church in the Diocese of Pittsburg and Allegheny from its Establishment to the Present Time (New York: Benziger Bros., 1880).
4 The question arises as to why Father Lambing would not have thought the cures worthy of note.
5 No will was ever found, not even in the chapel's tabernacle.
1704 Harpster St.


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Hong Kong Firms Sign LNG Deals
Hong Kong's power firms Castle Peak Power Company Limited (CAPCO) and The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd. (HKElectric) today announced that an agreement has been entered into with Shell Eastern Trading for long-term liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply for the Hong Kong Offshore Liquefied Natural Gas Terminal.
A press release from CAPCO, a 70:30 joint venture of CLP Power Hong Kong Limited ( and China Southern Power Grid International, said that after completion of the project, Shell will supply LNG to both CAPCO and HK Electric from its worldwide LNG portfolio.
With more than 50 years of experience in the industry, Shell is a leading independent producer and marketer of LNG with a globally diversified supply portfolio.
CLP Power Managing Director T K Chiang said, "The Government has established new emissions and carbon reduction targets, among which include setting a new proportion for natural gas in the fuel mix for power generation. This fuel supply contract will enable us to access price-competitive natural gas and broaden our sources of natural gas, ensuring a reliable and stable fuel supply for Hong Kong."
He added: "Throughout our procurement process, we received very positive responses from LNG suppliers worldwide, and the terms achieved in the agreement reflect the keen competition among suppliers at the time."
HK Electric Managing Director Wan Chi-tin said, "HK Electric is taking steps to substantially increase the use of natural gas for power generation, from currently over 30% of total output to around 70% by 2023, as we support the Government's policy and targets to combat climate change and improve air quality while transforming Hong Kong into a low-carbon city. With the substantial increase in gas demand by the Company in the coming years, the signing of this agreement will provide HK Electric with another gas source to help secure stable, safe and reliable gas supply."
In support of the Government's policy to reduce carbon intensity and increase the proportion of natural gas used for power generation by 2020, CLP Power and HK Electric first launched a study into building an offshore LNG terminal in 2016. The terminal will enhance and diversify Hong Kong's natural gas supply sources, and ensure a more reliable supply of fuel at competitive prices.
JIN Honors NYK for New Navigation Tool
Japanese shipping company Nippon Yusen (NYK) has been recognized with a special award from the Japan Institute of Navigation…
Vinci Bags $306mln LNG-Tank Contract in Canada
European contractor Vinci Construction has been awarded contract to build a 225,000 m3 liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank…
Germany Joins Hong Kong Convention
Germany is the latest country to accede to International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s treaty for safe and environmentally…
AIDA Orders 2 More LNG-Fueled Ships
AIDA Cruises, the German brand of Carnival Corporation & plc, informed that it is planning to commission two more LNG-powered…
Navy Innovation: Using Virtual Reality
Imagine conducting ship checks and training aboard a ship without ever leaving your office. At Norfolk Naval Shipyard (NNSY)…
LNG Lucrative for PCTC Newbuilds
A recently released study confirms that liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a marine fuel is the most financially effective for…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In response to the current political climate, we have been printing excerpts from our archive under the title "One Nation, Indivisible." For this month's section we're doing something a little different. Instead of a variety of short excerpts, we're presenting this full January 2006 interview with Tom Hayden, the political activist and former California state legislator who died on October 23, 2016. In the words of Atlantic correspondent Nicholas Lemann, Hayden was "father to the largest mass protests in American history." At this moment it feels right to pay tribute to him.
In the sixties and seventies Hayden was active in the civil-rights and antiwar movements. He was a founding member of Students for a Democratic Society and principal author of the landmark Port Huron Statement, which called for a radical shift toward participatory democracy, granting citizens a more direct hand in governance. As a "freedom rider," he rode buses in the South to protest segregation and racism. He was also a vocal critic of the Vietnam War, flying on several occasions to Cambodia and North Vietnam to assess avenues for a peaceful solution to the conflict. After his 1968 arrest outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Hayden was tried on conspiracy charges alongside seven other activists. Known as the "Chicago Eight," the defendants became a symbol of sixties student protest. All were ultimately exonerated.
In the 1980s Hayden's activism took a new trajectory. With the election of Ronald Reagan as president and the ascendancy of the Republican Party, Hayden decided to try his hand at state politics. His election to the California State Assembly in 1982 so upset Republican representatives that they twice tried unsuccessfully to block his seating, citing his trips to North Vietnam. Hayden went on to serve five consecutive terms as a California assemblyman and two terms as a California state senator. In those eighteen years Hayden ushered through cutting-edge legislation on the environment, education, prison reform, women's issues, and campaign-finance reform. At the end of his second and final term as senator, the Los Angeles Times reported, Hayden received the longest farewell ovation of any legislator in memory.
Since then, Hayden has focused on writing and teaching. To date he has authored eleven books on subjects ranging from environmentalism to gangs to his own Irish American heritage. Rebel (Red Hen Press), his memoir of his experiences in the sixties, is widely used in high-school and college classrooms. Hayden is currently a visiting professor at the Urban and Environmental Policy Institute at Occidental College in Los Angeles, and he also serves as a social-studies counselor at several inner-city public high schools.
Though retired from state politics, Hayden remains a bellwether of the social-justice movement; to find where the "edge" is, look to what Hayden is talking about. These days he serves as national co-director of No More Sweatshops, which urges the government to hold corporations accountable for their labor practices. He also speaks out against the global agenda of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and works with former gang members to reduce street violence.
Meanwhile the same rationale justifies our having more people in prison per capita than any other country in the world. The numbers are staggering. On any given day, there are around 2 million people in prison in this country. But that number tells only part of the story. Nobody — and this is an example of where we're not directing our attention — has done the math on how many ex-convicts there are on the streets. That number is not 2 million, but a huge multiple of that.
Let's look at suicide bombers. Suicide bombers were not prevalent in the Middle East during the first Palestinian intifada. [An uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. — Ed.] The number of suicide bombings increased drastically in the 1990s. That pattern would lead one to believe that suicide bombings are not the result of certain people's desire for martyrdom, but rather of something that happened in the early nineties, a catalyst that drove Palestinians to desperation. But that line of inquiry is foreclosed by the neoconservative presumptions that now hold sway. In the eyes of the neocons, who are more hawkish and aggressive than their predecessors on the Right, it's as if suicide bombings have always occurred, as if the "suicide bomber" were a permanent type of person, as opposed to a person who, in desperate circumstances, became a suicide bomber.
McKee: In your book Street Wars you write, "Until America's white ethnics get their true story straight, they will be unable to understand, face, and help in healing the wounds of today's inner-city youth." What do you mean?
Hayden: I have no easy answer for that question. Sometimes I think it's the capitalist market's need to expand. It's like a shark: its nature is to constantly feed. It's not just a matter of a few greedy people. I'm talking about the market itself being insatiable and hostile to regulation and control. But just as they succeeded in avoiding the charge of being racists, the Republicans have succeeded in avoiding the charge that they are greedy capitalists by speaking of "small business" and "market solutions." They don't generally get out there and speak unapologetically in favor of more capitalism.
I've known people who did terrible, even inhuman, things but later were transformed. One Mexican man I've known since he was a teenager was raised to hate blacks as well as whites. He used to get pleasure out of robbing people; it gave him a sense of dignity, he said, to see them down on their knees. He got stabbed when he was seventeen years old and would have bled to death had he not been rushed to the hospital. When he woke up, he saw looking down at him the African American doctor who had saved him. That was at least fifteen years ago, and he's never been the same since. He stayed in his neighborhood and works to channel kids away from gangs. He now gets along with people of all races.
My adopted son, Liam, was one year old when I had heart failure. I'd known I was taking a risk, adopting a child late in life. My health crisis made me even more conscious that I've got to be a father to a little boy. I can only hope that, with proper diet and exercise, I can live another twenty or thirty years. But I try to remember that the time I have with Liam today may be the only time that I have with him.


In conjuction with the publication of the genome sequence of the rhesus macaque in the 13 April edition of Science, we have created a special online collection. It includes an interactive poster with images, video and text, and a corresponding lesson plan for use in high school classrooms, which delves into evolutionary biology and what can be learned from the genome of the macaque — one of biology's most important model organisms. Access to the online extras, as well as to the genome papers themselves, is free to all visitors to www.sciencemag.org. Please share this information with anyone who might find it useful. Go to the special online collection for the macaque genome.
You get free access to the papers, a poster and teacher guides, here…check it out.


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YOUR NAME IN INK
The other side of the bridge
sophia nesamoney
Varsha Wilson, an aspiring American journalist who was adopted from Kolkata, spends her childhood trying to escape her past and integrate into American society. However, when she receives an unexpected assignment from her journalism professor, she finds herself searching for a winning story in the city where she was born.
As Varsha struggles to find her place in India, she discovers a hidden world of child marriage, human trafficking, and violence against women, and, more importantly, the hope and bravery of two girls who will change her life forever.
Sales of Sophia's book, The Other Side of the Bridge, will support the maternal and newborn health program (MANSI) of the America India Foundation.
Grab a Sneak Peek!
Enter your email to read Chapter 1 of Sophia's book today. We hope you'll enjoy and be inspired.
Video : Brooke Johansen at Friendship Lane Productions; Music : www.bensound.com
The women I had met in India were some of the most brave, intelligent, and compassionate human beings I had ever met, and I couldn't help but imagine my birth mother dancing among the sea of women in front of us. With all my heart, I hoped she would be proud of me. It was in that moment that I realized how thankful I was for the life she gave me.
About Sophia
Now a senior at Castilleja school, Sophia published her first book, The Other Side of Carroll when she was 12. When she visited India with her family, and heard women's stories about their hopes and fears, she decided to use her voice to spotlight others.
Sophia says, "Stories can change people's perception. As writers, we have the power to change other people's ideas. I want to listen to other people's stories, to find ways to give back."
She was recently awarded the prestigious "Katherine Hass Fellowship for Empathy, Exploration and Inclusion," from Castilleja school. This fellowship is awarded to an outstanding scholar whose "unique passion for listening to others, as well as her commitment to leadership, amplifies the voices within a group in the name of a common cause or goal."
Sophia's Process
The Other Side of the Bridge is Sophia's second book through our Your Name in Ink program. Together with her professional mentor, Ailynn Collins, Sophia spent the last six months revising a novel that was sparked by her travels to rural and urban India. "When I saw the harsh reality of how girls and women are treated, even in places of progress—when I saw their big dreams, even though many of them had faced some form of assault—I was inspired to raise awareness of what's happening."
Sophia's Cause
Sophia chose to support the America India Foundation with the proceeds of her book and hopes to help expand their initiatives to other villages and improve current life saving programs especially for young mothers. She says, "All my life, I've been fortunate to have parents who help me see the world in a different way. When I was younger, I didn't fully understand the obstacles young girls and women in India and indeed across the globe, face. Over time, my experiences made me interested in the health of young women, especially in the area of global maternal health. I want to work in medicine, and also keep writing. Writing keeps me connected to the why, to the stories of the women I'm helping."
Support Sophia's Cause Today
About Your Name in Ink
In the Your Name in Ink Program, professional writers mentor youth through a 6-9 month revision process which results in a printed or published book available through independent bookstores and other retailers. Through Your Name in Ink, youth writers:
experience the editorial process
take their writing skills to the next level
learn the ins and outs of how the publishing world works
support a cause they believe in with the proceeds of their book
"Youth authors have important stories to tell," says Society of Young Inklings Executive Director, Naomi Kinsman. "By publishing their novels, we celebrate their enormous accomplishment. Their gift of perspective and the funds they raise make an impact on causes close to their hearts."
Learn More About Your Name in Ink


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Churubusco Indiana The Town of Churubusco Indiana – Utilities, Street Department, Police & Board
You are here: Home > January 16, 2019 Minutes
by Madalyn Sade-Bartl on February 1, 2019 in Meetings, Town Council Updates
Meeting Minutes- January 16, 2019
The Churubusco Town Council met for the regular meeting on January 16, 2019 at 6:30 p.m. in the Town Hall. Members present were Council Members Mark Pepple and Nathan Van Horn; and Clerk- Treasurer, Madalyn Sade-Bartl. Also in attendance were area residents Pat Liggett and Pat Holler; Nicole Minier, Churubusco News; Jeremy Hart, Town Supervisor; Bob Gray, Wastewater Superintendent, and Marshal Mike Engle.
President Kessler called the meeting to order, welcomed visitors, and led the Pledge of Allegiance. Roll was called by the Clerk-Treasurer. Council member Bruce Johnson was absent.
Approval of December 19, 2018, January 2, 2019, and January 9, 2019 meeting minutes:
Because Mr. Johnson was not present and Mr. Van Horn was not a member of the Council on December 19, 2018, approval of the December 19, 2018 was tabled until February 6, 2019.
Mr. Van Horn made a motion to approve the January 2, 2019 and January 9, 2019 minutes as presented. President Pepple seconded, and the motion carried 2-0.
Approval of Claims and Payroll Vouchers:
Claims Vouchers dated for January 16, 2019 in the amount of $294,782.38 were presented and approved.
Public Comment:
Pat Holler approached the Council and expressed her displeasure in the water rates increasing and questioned the effective date of the rate. Ms. Bartl explained the ordinance was passed in September and the effective date for water rate billing was January 1, 2019. She continued by criticizing the amount of time Ms. Bartl spent in her office and questioned why Ms. Bartl was not in the office collecting utility payments. Ms. Bartl explained her position included more than receiving utility bills and cited Indiana Code set what was required of her and her job duties. President Pepple closed the public comment section.
Old Business:
There was no old business.
1. On-call Contract for DLZ Engineering: Ms. Bartl presented to the Council a contract for DLZ Engineering and their on-call services. She explained past Councils have signed the rate agreement annually and it was for services above and beyond what was identified within the current Community Crossings contract. Mr. Van Horn made a motion to approve DLZ's on-call contract. President Pepple seconded, and the motion carried 2-0.
2. Appointments for Plan Commission: Ms. Bartl stated the Council needed to make their appointments to the Plan Commission and replace a citizen appointment. Mr. Johnson, Mr. Pepple, and Mr. Hart were serving as the Town's appointments, but the Planning & Building director had notified her that those appointments could be changed. Mr. Van Horn had served as a resident appointment, but could no longer serve in that capacity since he was now an elected official. The caveat to that appointment was that the appointment had to be filled by a Democrat. Ms. Bartl stated she had spoken with former Town Council member, Viv Sade, and Ms. Sade was open to serving on the Commission. Ms. Bartl also stated she would like to serve as she felt she was probably the most familiar with the Town's Comprehensive Plan and was very familiar with the Zoning Ordinance. Mr. Hart also stated he would continue to serve if the Council would like him to. Mr. Van Horn made a motion to appoint Madalyn Sade-Bartl, Jeremy Hart, and Mark Pepple as the Town's Plan Commission appointments for 2018 and appoint Viv Sade to fill the vacated resident appointment. President Pepple seconded, and the motion carried 2-0.
3. Quick Impact Placebased (QUIP) Grant Program: Ms. Bartl informed the Council that OCRA was accepting applications for the QUIP Program. Bartl explained the program a little more in depth and presented a new mural that could be used as a possible project. Mr. Van Horn made a motion to approve the project and advance in applying for QUIP. President Pepple seconded, and the motion carried 2-0. She stated she would keep the Council updated as the application progressed.
4. Department Head Job Descriptions: Mr. Van Horn expressed his desire to create job descriptions for department heads. President Pepple agreed it was overdue and asked Ms. Bartl to gather samples from other communities. She stated she would get them that information.
Department Reports:
Jeremy Hart, Town Supervisor
Mr. Hart presented the attached report. President Pepple thanked Hart and his crew for the prompt job in clearing the snow.
Bob Gray, Waste Water Treatment Plant Supervisor
Mr. Gray stated the land application had been completed.
Michael Engle, Town Marshal:
Marshal Engle had nothing to report.
Rick Krider, Park Supervisor:
Mr. Krider was not present.
Ron Felger, Town Attorney:
Mr. Felger was not present
Council Reports:
President Mark Pepple:
President Pepple reported he had attended the Regional Sewer District meeting and there were still a lot of concerns and issues plaguing the RSD. He also stated he would be talking to Lana privately about Churubusco's concerns.
Bruce Johnson:
Mr. Johnson was not present.
Nathan Van Horn:
Mr. Van Horn stated he had done a ride along with Mr. Hart and appreciated him showing him around.
Madalyn Sade-Bartl:
Ms. Sade-Bartl presented the attached report. She highlighted her desire to move the Clerk's office to the old fire station on Line Street. She explained that with the increased duties the Clerk's office and the lack of privacy in the current office, a bigger space was needed. President Pepple advised her to obtain quotes. She also reported that she had attended an exclusive legislative dinner in Indianapolis earlier in the week with Representative David Abbott. She stated that Representative Abbott had expressed his support of local entities and wanted to work with locals in passing legislation. President Pepple asked Ms. Bartl how the Council could get him to Churubusco and really showcase our community. Ms. Bartl stated she had his personal contact information. President Pepple asked her to make contact and get him here.
Having no other business and after all proper papers were signed, President Pepple adjourned the meeting.
Council President, Mark Pepple
Council Member, Bruce Johnson
Council Member, Nathan Van Horn
Madalyn Sade-Bartl, Clerk-Treasurer


text:
Susan McCue was appointed to the Broadcasting Board of Governors on July 2, 2010, to a term expiring on August 13, 2011, and continued serving until May 22, 2014. By law, any member whose term has expired may serve until a successor has been appointed and qualified. McCue was co-chair of the Communications and Outreach Committee, of the BBG, chair of its subcommittee on innovation and was a member of the Governance Committee. After leaving the BBG, she joined the Board of Directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, an independent federal agency.

Career
Susan McCue is President of Message Global, a strategic advocacy firm she founded in 2008 for social action campaigns.  She was the founding President and CEO of The ONE Campaign to combat extreme global poverty and was chief of Staff to Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid from 1999 to 2007. Before that she held numerous communications positions in government and campaigns. She is currently Vice Chair of Humanity United and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

A New Jersey native, McCue is a graduate of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, with degrees in economics and journalism.

References

External links
 https://archive.today/20130630221836/http://www.bbg.gov/about-the-agency/board/susan-mccue/

Living people
People from New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
New Jersey Democrats
Political chiefs of staff
United States congressional aides
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AN entrepreneur toy maker who rejected a £100,000 investment on Dragon's Den is giving away hundreds of his creations.
Danny Bamping, originally from Bromley Cross, is responsible for the Bedlam Cube, a toy craze which swept the country three years ago.
Hailed as the new Rubik's Cube, the puzzle involves fitting geometric shapes into a cube in different combinations.
Mr Bamping gained notoriety when he appeared on BBC's hit TV show Dragon's Den, but rejected an offer from millionaires Theo Paphitis and Rachel Elnaugh.
His gamble paid off, because his toys sold out within weeks after he appeared on the show.
Due to the toy's success, a range of cubes with the Bolton Wanderers logo was made, and Mr Bamping, a former Thornleigh Salesian College pupil, still has a few of them left.
He now says he will give them away to anyone who can write to him and give him a good reason for wanting one.
Mr Bamping, who now lives in Plymouth, said: "As we only have a few hundred Bolton Bedlam cubes left, I thought it would be nice to do something different with them.
"They may want it themselves or to keep a family member quiet, or perhaps they can't afford a present.
"We're willing to read people's reasons and the best ones will get one.
The Bedlam Cube has recently been relaunched as the Crazee Cube to appeal to a young global audience.
Anyone who wants a cube should go to bedlamcube.com and use the online entry form.


Craft forum > Your crafts > Knitting and needlecraft > Can anyone help?
Ah right that looks like it might have been knitted in 2 straight pieces then they have been sewn together down the middle and gathered. It also looks machine knitted.
ooh yes I do. :D good luck.
Glad you won the scarf on Ebay. But if you need a pattern in future just do a google search for curly scarf and you'll find loads.
They are really easy to do, knit or crochet. You cast on and basically increase 2 stitches into every stitch on every row which is what makes it curl.


text:
WorldNetDaily Exclusive
TV commercials to bust Obama's eligibility wide open
See the ad designed to go over the heads of media establishment
WASHINGTON – Two-time No. 1 New York Times bestselling author Jerome Corsi, a Ph.D. in political science from Harvard and a senior staff writer at WND, has written a new book that promises to be a game-changer on the issue of Barack Obama's eligibility.
It's called "Where's the Birth Certificate? The Case that Barack Obama is Not Eligible to Be President."
The result of more than two years of solid investigative research by Corsi and a team of WND reporters and editors, this book is destined to be a huge bestseller and change the dynamics of the debate over eligibility – IF, of course, the book is not spiked by the hostile establishment media when it is officially released in May.
Advance orders for this book from retailers across the U.S. already suggest it will be Corsi's third No. 1 New York Times bestseller – probably bigger than the previous two.
"Imagine how that will change the character of the debate on this critical constitutional issue," says Joseph Farah, editor and chief executive officer of WND and WND Books, the publisher of "Where's the Birth Certificate?" "Therefore, we have a strategy for promoting this book far and wide – going right over the heads of the hopelessly biased and politically correct press. But we need your help to pull it off."
A series of television ads are now in production to ensure this book cannot be spiked by the Big Media. WND needs to raise hundreds of thousands of dollars to air these commercials on television networks and stations throughout the country.
"You can view the first TV spot right now and help us spread it across the Internet long before the book is even available," says Farah. "Put it on your websites, your Facebook pages, send it to your friends by email and make sure they know how to donate to the cause – the cause of truth in the matter of Barack Obama's eligibility for office."
Go to Wheresthebirthcertificate.com to get the word out now.
"We need to make this the biggest publishing event of the year," said Farah.
Farah also urges everyone concerned about the cover-up to make a donation in any amount – from $5 to $5,000. (Bigger donations can be accepted by special arrangement by emailing Farah personally [email protected]) Anyone who donates $25 or more will get a first-edition, autographed copy of "Where's the Birth Certificate?" by Jerome Corsi as soon as it is available in May.
WND intends to further expand its 2-year-old, highly successful national billboard campaign asking the simple question, "Where's the birth certificate?" Radio ads are also in the planning stages. Your donations now will help us gear up for that second phase.
"There's no time to lose," says Farah. "The book debuts in bookstores across America May 17! Make sure everyone in America gets a chance finally to read the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth about the case that Barack Obama is simply not eligible to be president."
Please try to donate at least $25 today, ensuring you get your autographed first-edition copy of "Where's the Birth Certificate?" by Jerome Corsi as soon as it is available in May. Help us to change the terms of the debate on the issue of eligibility – as only this book and this media campaign can.
Note: Media wishing to interview Joseph Farah can contact him by email.


I'd never heard it put that way. It made such sense to me and even though it was meant for her, it has helped me in this weirdest of weeks.
(2) Before now, I'd always seen each of the giant influences on my life – Bashar's information, Dolores Cannon's "The Three Waves of Volunteers," Claire Heartsong's "Anna, Grandmother of Jesus" – as spurs to my moving up a level, then another.
Last night getting ready for bed, I was feeling super grateful for each upward step. Suddenly my arms lifted in front of me, then spread outward, then further out, further out.
The message was clear. There is no up and down. Only expansion expansion expansion. Or contraction. My choice. Thank you, arms, for the unexpected lesson.
(3) Speaking of Anna, as I was waking up yesterday morning, I thought of her and of her family's challenges. Persecution by the Romans, fleeing to Egypt, crossing the Mediterranean to Gaul, then of necessity moving on to Britain. The ever-present question of physical survival every step of the long way.
And yet she, her children, her beloved grandson Yeshua, her other grandchildren, and the extended Essene community were able to hold Light through it all.
(4) Usually when I ask the Golden Reptilian Healer for help for myself or if he just thinks I need a little TLC, he folds his arms around me, scoops me into his lap and gently rocks me. I am as a little child. I'm safe, I'm loved.
During today's meditation, as I sent Love to all humans on all sides of all issues, Light filled my entire Being. It grew and grew, then rained down onto the entire planet.
The GRH immediately strode in. Rather than embracing me, he shook my hand. Friends, Partners, Equals.
« What Is Adama Yai and How Does It Work?


copper ore angola,Angola Minerals Resources - EI SourceBookJun 22, 2010 . Angola is located on the western coast of southern Africa. It has eighteen . for stratabound polymetallic copper ores of the copper belt type.copper ore angola,copper ore angola,The Mineral Industry of Angola in 2010 - USGS Mineral Resources .Angola's mineral industry was dominated by diamond and . Copper.—AP Services and Genius Mineral of Angola held prospecting, exploration, and production.Title Cachoeiras do Binga Copper Project Angola - VDM GroupNov 28, 2014 . than 350Mt of copper metal (typically 1-‐100Mt of ore per deposit) and second only to porphyry copper deposits;. ✓ represent the world's main.
Feb 17, 2016 . campaign at the Cassenha Hill Copper - Gold Prospect in Angola have returned highly . for REE, phosphate, copper, iron ore and gold.
Jun 1, 2014 . Angola's northwest has become more easily accessible from the capital, .. Iron ore. Mavoio. Copper mining region. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.
Angola tax changes out of sync with country's mining code. Angola . Although Angola is home to many other mineral resources, including copper, tungsten and.
Jun 22, 2010 . Angola is located on the western coast of southern Africa. It has eighteen . for stratabound polymetallic copper ores of the copper belt type.
The Mineral Industry of Angola in 2009 - USGS Mineral Resources .
Angola's mineral industry was dominated by diamond and petroleum production . mineral resources included beryllium, clay, copper, gold, gypsum, iron ore.
Angola's mineral industry was dominated by diamond and . Copper.—AP Services and Genius Mineral of Angola held prospecting, exploration, and production.
Nov 28, 2014 . than 350Mt of copper metal (typically 1-‐100Mt of ore per deposit) and second only to porphyry copper deposits;. ✓ represent the world's main.
AREA 1.3 million sq km. ANGOLA. Fig. 5. MINERALS. Source: U 1984 .. from the Amax holding in Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZC C M ) which.
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Solcon has been providing robust, reliable solutions to the Mining Industry since 1977. Designed specifically for . mining - Kazakhstan. Water Pumps - Codelco Chuquimata Copper Mine - Chile. Conveyors - Diamond mine - Catoca, Angola.
Guinea, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Angola) depend on crude oil and petroleum . Mongolia's mining sector extracting mainly coal, copper, molybdenum, fluor spar.
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ores/concentrates (16%), and copper (6%) represented China's largest imports from . Nigeria, Sudan, Angola, Egypt, Chad and Niger were the major recipients.
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which include ground water, land, forests, wild life and minerals, among others. ... (2011) report, it has been assured that Zambia is among the top copper.
Aug 25, 1992 . mines continued to be a challenge for Angola. . as they carried out their illegal diamond mining work. .. Copper Consumption (1000 mt). MT.
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'Chinese Construction Companies in Angola: A Local Linkages Perspective', . into Zambia's copper mining industry on the localisation of upstream linkages.


text:
Morgan Sindall to build £16m headquarters for marine science agency CEFAS
Home Explore Morgan Sindall to build £16m headquarters for marine science agency CEFAS
Morgan Sindall who employ around 170 people in East Anglia have won the contract to build the £16m headquarters for marine science agency CEFAS (The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture) in Lowestoft.
About Morgan Sindall
We are the construction, infrastructure and design division of Morgan Sindall Group plc, a leading UK construction and regeneration group. Our company is organised through five businesses of Construction, Transport, Tunnelling, Utility Services and Design. We....
Contact & Web


This set is made from Taiwan jade, in an unusual 5mm size (that is, I may not be able to get them again in that size), making them a small set. The kyochi myoho (knuckle) beads are clear quartz, the bodhisattva beads are peridot, and the jar beads are amber. The uniquely-coloured glass marbles may only be available once. Please email me to confirm availability and price.
I have enjoyed making juzu for over a decade. Over the years I have improved the way they are strung and found materials that will hold up for years if they are treated well and never rubbed. I include instructions for care of your juzu when I email you they are on their way to you. I have had a set for ten years that shows no sign of wear because I am careful with them. I use them almost daily and take them to meetings, and could still sell them as brand new.


I have heard an argument from some that there are too many gold pieces in Pathfinder. Supposedly you can get closer to a realistic medieval economy by changing the rarity of gold and platinum coins.
The fix is to make 100 coppers equal to a silver, 100 silver to a gold, and 100 gold to platinum.
The anachronism of platinum coins* always bothered me, so I switched many years ago to a silver standard. I kept it on the decimal system, though, because my experiments with alternate money systems in my early years of GMing convinced me that while players love the flavor, they hate having to figure out exchange rates.
So while I understand where you're going with this, I really only advise bumping coins one step up on the value chart and bringing in iron, brass or something similar to replace "copper pieces" as the ballast of all treasure-piles.
* Yes, I know, platinum is infinitely more realistic than titans or elementals. But sometimes it's the little things that bother us.
Sounds like a solution in search of a problem.
The "realistic" medieval economy was typically about 15 units of silver to one of gold, if by "realistic" you mean "the economy of western Europe between 1000 and 1500." The value was reversed in medieval Japan -- silver was actually more valuable than gold, to the point where the Japanese would trade three gold for one silver with Portuguese traders.
Originally, D&D had twenty silvers to a gold, but the 10:1 ratio is much easier to work with for the actual players of the game.
So, first, a 100:1 ratio between silver and gold is not attested anywhere in history that I can find. Second, so what? How does the 10:1 ratio mess up your game?
Fun Fact of the Day: a humble dagger +2 is worth over 166 pounds of gold!
Although that's a function as much of the unrealistic size of the gold piece as it is of the value of gold. A Roman solidus was about 4.5 grams, about the weight of a US quarter (a fairly large coin) and still only half the weight of a gold piece. If a gold piece were comparable to a US dime, there would be something like 200 to a pound.
I think it's best to just consider the gold and values an abstraction, because if you don't, things get really darn crazy (not to mention how rigid that makes the system for settings where large quantities of money are not available; such as, say, pre-historic setting).
Simple enough to resolve, Grisham's Law.
To put it more simply for those who never learned Grisham's Law, a +2 dagger is not worth 166 pounds of gold but instead is worth 166 pounds of coins. These nominally gold coins might be, in metal terms, mostly lead with a significant amount of copper, more than enough tin to be worth mentioning, probably enough silver to worth smelting the coins down, with just a smattering of enough gold so that calling them gold coins doesn't force the gods to act.
I think it's just easier to use tha current system and assume that this :http://www.giantitp.com/comics/oots0122.html happens quite a bit to adventurers.
...These nominally gold coins might be, in metal terms, mostly lead with a significant amount of copper, more than enough tin to be worth mentioning, probably enough silver to worth smelting the coins down, with just a smattering of enough gold so that calling them gold coins doesn't force the gods to act.
I always tell my players that electrum coins suddenly stopped being valuable after one clever rogue (a PC, no doubt) discovered that the average merchant, acid test or divination spell could not tell an electrum piece that was 50% gold and 50% silver from one that was, say, only 25% gold and 75% silver. One almost-honest counterfeiting operation and one market-flooding later, the kingdoms of the world gave up on electrum.
The value was reversed in medieval Japan -- silver was actually more valuable than gold, to the point where the Japanese would trade three gold for one silver with Portuguese traders.
While this was true for a short period of time, in actuality, Japan was a rice based economy, coinage was only used for trade with foreigners, with some of the lower based coinage for small purchases. Japan also had paper money endorsed by the Shogunate. The rice guilds served as Japan's banking system, and they determined the value of money.
One of the reasons for the closure of the borders to Japan, was that too much gold was leaving the state.
I for one like it this way as my kids learned it very fast. Coppers are penneys, silver are dimes and gold are dollars.
There's that, too. Why should the money system in-game be more complicated than it is out-of-game? Even Britain eventually gave up on "Look, it's very simple: twenty cp to the sp, twelve sp to the gp, but thirteen sp to the pp, and an ep is half of a pp, which makes it six sp and ten cp. Not counting ha'pennies, florins or groats."
I've always played by the "Rule of Silver system" presented in 3.5 and I believe was reprinted in the core rulebook aka most of the game worlds run on and do business in silver. I don't change prices or anything I just change how I approach things like loot and culture with silver and copper being the $1s and $5s of the universe and what most people spend.
What gets fun is when players start to say encounters hoards of loot, bandit stashes, or banks. They effectively find the amount of loot they wanted (lets say 1000 gp) but you've got 10 times the number of coins they now have to haul and handle. I also like how it always seems to add more weight and verisimilitude especially once they start buying mwk and magic items and start to realize this thing, this item probably costs more than most of the people they save make in 20 years or would take an ox loaded to the brim with saddlebags to carry the loot to pay for it.
Hell I actually just did that to my party where they sold off a bunch of gear they picked up in a recent dungeon, rolled d%, and told them 86% of that money is in silver. They literally spent half the session spending or investing the silver (and copper) so that they didn't have to haul it with them on their caravan. Was very eye opening for them, they felt like they made a killing for their efforts (almost too much lol), and felt a bit richer than their civilian neighbors and started to get the distinction.
I opened a thread on a different RPG forum site about this topic, but with a different angle. I wanted to copper and silver pieces to feel like they mattered again.
It seems that after level 1, the significance of copper and silver pieces drops to almost nil.
Making the ratios 100/1 is a fun idea. What I want to do next time I start up a game is to add another currency tier: bronze pieces.
The closest in-game equivalency to the US dollar is a copper piece as far as commoners are concerned, so it made sense to me to add one lower tier.
As a means to keep things from getting too far away from the book's prices, but keeping alive the idea of making copper and silver matter a bit more (thus making gold and platinum more exciting), I want to try shifting down all costs by 1 tier. IE If the book says this sword costs 10 gold, it now costs 10 silver. If the book says this oil costs 10 silver, it now costs 10 copper.
This simple fix shifts silver into more prominence (for a while a least) and makes finding gold much more fun.
That's twenty pennies to the shilling, twelve shillings to a pound, but what was thirteen pounds?
How does the 10:1 ratio mess up your game?
I think he's referring to the amount of gold passed around, not exchange rates. For instance, a +2 weapon costing a man's weight in gold. If you assume a cp-based economy and change to a 100x system, then items require 100 times less gold to buy, at the cost of making all your books harder to read.
For some people, that makes a world where all the important characters are walking around with magic gear more believable.
Personally, I think the decimal system is easier to work with and I can suspend my disbelief over large values of coins, by assuming platinum is often used instead. That 'man's weight in gold' is only 16 pounds of platinum, which easily fits in the palm of your hand. Gemstones would be even better.
And I think that if 'amount of gold' bothers you, an easier answer is to just change all the 'gp' costs in books to 'sp' or 'cp' costs, rather than messing with how many places the decimals moves.
Did I get it reversed? Is it twelve cp to the sp, twenty sp to the - aagh! I can't go through that again! I was referring to the half-crown. Isn't it worth 50% of a guinea, which is a pound and a shilling?
A guinea was 1L, 1s or twenty-one shillings (the pound was for the professional, the shilling was a tip for his clerk).
A crown was 5 shillings or a quarter of a pound. The half-crown was half a crown, or 2 shillings and sixpence.
A florin was two shillings.
The coin worth half a guinea was called, unimaginatively, a half-guinea, and it was worth 10/6.
You're not the first to make that observation. That's why HMG got rid of this nonsense in 1970 or thereabouts.
It's perfectly simple and easy to figure out, it was only foreigners who had problems with the math, just be born in the first half of the 20th century in England. I cannot figure out why Orfamay forgot to mention the farthing (I think it went away in the 1950s), which was 4 to the pence, and the groat (went away when Victoria was queen), which was 4 pence, and the associated coins like the third farthing. I suppose the groat can get a little confusing since it includes the Irish groat (3d) or the Scottish groat (1s8d) as they were both legal coinage, but it really is quite simple.
It's perfectly simple and easy to figure out, it was only foreigners who had problems with the math, just be born in the first half of the 20th century in England.
* "Oh, certainly, we can sell you those. That will be two costermongers and one octopence the dozen, or eighteen guildmarks the score."
* "Yeah, we got 'em. A dollar each."
It was cheaper to buy from the Americans than to hire the accountants to figure out how much the British goods actually cost.
I was trying to avoid the mark since people seem to be having problems with understanding the coins that existed. There was never a mark coin or note, a mark was 160d but that was simply a value which made it easier to keep track of accounts, and I repeat the mark was never issued as a coin.
And then you have the sovereign, which was a pound coin and thus often just mean 'pound' in speech, unless you meant the actual coin, since it was a gold coin of a fixed weight and thus was usually worth more than a pound in the value of the gold (like the $5/20/50 coins the US mint currently issues, that are actually worth hundreds of dollars as bullion).
It's kind of telling that both Canada and Australia switched to dollars before they gained independence.
Reminds me that a not-terribly-popular MMO (Minions of Mirth) used the 100:1 ratio.
They also started with tin.
The game also auto-coverted coins upward (or down) as necessary and didn't count for encumbrance and was tied to your account (regardless of which character(s) you were playing as).
IIRC, Rolemaster also had the 100 silver to 1 gold exchange rate as well.
Personally, I kind of like the 240 copper to 20 silver to 1 gold rate. I find it "exotically immersing". Kind of like the "league" and the "yard", or the "mile" and the "foot" (no offense to my American friends, but money is pretty much the only metric system you've adopted. Imperial weight, volume and distance measures are just as arcane as the old imperial pound money system).
I do find it a bit sad that copper and silver exist in the game universe with so few actual use in game play. Adopting the 12 copper to 1 silver, 20 silver to 1 gold could - assuming that market prices are adjusted appropriately - increase the value of silver.
On the other, other hand, the relatively low value of gold allows for treasures with astonishingly large quantities of gold pieces, which is more satisfying than "this little pouch of gold coins is worth more than all your magic items combined!"
A friend of mine is an older gentleman originally from England.
He insisted that the "12 pence to a shilling" thing was much easier to transact with at a place like a market stall selling vegetables, or loaves of bread, or whatever, because you can split a shilling into an even number of pence five ways: 12, 6, 4, 3, 2.
In decimal, you can only split three ways: 10, 5, 2.
That means you can sell you wares at, say, two for a shilling. One costs sixpence.
Or, 3/s. One costs 4d.
Or, 4/s. One costs 3d.
Or, 6/s. One costs 2d.
Or a dozen/s, which is a penny each.
This utility kind of goes out the window once a penny doesn't buy very much.
I was in England this past April, and I was struck by the bewildering array of coinage still in use! (Eight different coins in circulation: 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, 1£, 2£).
There were three other coins in circulation: the sixpence coin, an oversized copper coin; the crown, an electrum coin worth 10 shillings; and the half-crown, an oversized silver coin worth 5 shillings and sixpence.
Ducats, crowns, shillings, and pence were the size of a modern American dime. 150 of such coins weighed a pound. Sixpence and half-crowns were the size of a modern American quarter. 80 of such coins weighed a pound. Platinum sovereigns were two inches across. 10 weighed a pound.
This was kind of fun in theory, but we ended up spending way too much time tracking this crap. I ended up just switching back to the decimal silver standard for that campaign.
For my current campaign, I'm using standard coinage (which I'm still calling "ducats, shillings, and pence"). I've also decided to keep the smaller coin size: 150 coins weigh a pound.
I recall reading an article written by a biochemist talking about how 'English measurements' are better for the kitchen because it's easier to double, halve, or otherwise split a recipe, for much the same reasons.
I'm not entirely sure I buy that. Most kitchen measurements are powers of two -- two cups is a pint, two pints is a quart, four quarts are a gallon. It's not that much harder to double 250 ml to 500ml than to double two cups to a pint.
The main advantage of the 12d shilling is that you can divide by 3, which is something you can't do with pints and quarts.
Well, yes. If the Sumerians had been able to push 'base 12' more strongly, the whole world would enjoy a happier relationship with mathematics. Except those parts of the world who had to divide anything into fifths. But everybody else would point at them and laugh.
I'm sorry, I must not have been clear.
I believed the article existed. I just thought the guy who wrote it was an idiot.
Now, having read the article, I find that belief confirmed. He's writing about how easy it is to divide pints by two, suggesting that by comparison he has difficulty in dividing milliliters by two. That's not exactly the mark of a rocket scientist. And he talks about how important it is to divide length by three, ignoring the fact that in the kitchen, you never need to measure or divide length -- and you can't divide a pint by three any more easily than you can a meter.
Erg, go just below tablespoons (two to the ounce) and get to the level of teaspoons which are 3 to the tablespoon. 1/3rd of pint (1 pint=2 cups=16oz=32tbl=96tsp) is in fact 32 teaspoons,or if you prefer 5oz 2tsp. Back in the pre-metric days jokes were common about confusing tsp with tbl.
And this is supposed to be an improvement on dividing 500 ml by three how?
*Old man voice*: In myyy daaay one gold piece gotcha TWO +1 swords. With inflation n seech now I gotta carry a bag a gold just fer a CLW potion! Things were better and simpler then I tell ya!
I don't know if it's an improvement, but it is as easy as keeping track of British coinage pre-decmilization and doesn't require a .333333ml measuring spoon.
I'd let you borrow my one-third-of-a-nanoliter measuring spoon, but I lost it the other day when I sneezed.
Wait, how did we get onto this? Weren't we talking about rates of exchange or something? How many francs to a peso?
I was reading it as Deckard Cain.
1 Swiss Franc to 48.93 Philippine Peso.
It certainly is the fast way for younger children to compare it to something they know and understand.
Off course in game 'reality' a copper piece is actually a dollar/euro.
A silver piece 10 dollar/euro and a gold 100 dollar/euro.
Realise that a bread for 1 or 2 coppers is indeed the normal price for bread.
The other prices of items actually correlate with that analogy as well.


text:
Shelley Anderson, Executive Director
Shelley Anderson started in the position of Executive Director in March 2014; however, she is not new to Home and Family. Prior to this role, Shelley was the North Shore Manager of Home and Family Counselling for 8 years. Shelley joined Home and Family 11 years ago as one of the team of counsellors before moving into the management role.
Shelley has worked predominantly in the Not for Profit sector as well as managing a small private practice for several years which provides Family Court counselling alongside the provision of counselling for individuals, couples, young people, and families. Shelley has also co-facilitated both parenting programmes and youth groups in schools. Shelley provides clinical supervision for students and practitioners and this will continue in her Executive director position.
Shelley has a Bachelor of Social Practice with a major in Counselling and a Certificate in Supervision. Shelley is a member of the New Zealand Association of Counsellors (NZAC).
Home and Family Counselling is advised and governed by a board who give their time and expertise freely to ensure the well-running of services and activities. The Board members are:
Alan Brookbanks
Alan is an experienced Human Resources Director who has worked in a large organisation in the private and public sectors in New Zealand and Australia.
This experience and Alan's commitment to playing a part in helping to make our communities safer, more satisfying, and enjoyable places to live, are reasons why he is the Chairman of Home and Family.
He enjoys working as part of a team, helping to make the most of the knowledge and skills of the Home and Family team and the resources available to them.
Christine Fenby
Christine is an independent marketing consultant with key experience in international marketing specialising in the Technology Services sector.
Her most recent non-independent role was Global Marketing Director of Vista Group International Ltd where she was employed full-time.
Prior to establishing her consultancy in the mid-2000s, Christine enjoyed a long career with Television New Zealand Ltd (TVNZ), latterly in the role of Marketing Director of a TVNZ subsidiary that delivered content via an international satellite network to broadcasters worldwide.
In the mid-1990s, whilst with TVNZ, Christine obtained an Executive MBA from the University of Auckland.
Christine's combination of skills is the result of varied experience in both the public and private sectors. Her expertise is marketing strategy and the implementation of confident brand communication and empathetic, multi-channel product-marketing campaigns that resonate, build a profile, and target customer advocacy. She has a passion for the transformation that the marketing discipline can bring to an organisation  including Home and Family.
Christine is originally from Dunedin and lives in Auckland with her commercial architect partner.
Ian Jagger
Ian is a Chartered Accountant and also holds a BA. ( Hons) Business Studies – first class. He is the Corporate Services Manager at Aktive – Auckland Sport & Recreation.
He is the Corporate Services Manager at Aktive – Auckland Sport & Recreation, and his recent past experience is as a Project Manager with ANZ and previously with PwC and Dresdner Bank in the Cayman Islands. He has been honorary treasurer of a number of sports clubs over the years.
Donna Brookbanks
Donna Brookbanks is a comedian, actor, writer and voice artist.
Donna also serves on the New Zealand Comedy Guild Board and was Chair for two years before stepping into a new role representing female and non-binary comedians. She does a large variety of work, appearing on 7 Days, writing for The Project, recording audiobooks and magazines for Blind and Low Vision NZ (formerly The Blind Foundation), working as a production coordinator for TV, and performing stand-up around NZ and (pre-Covid) internationally. Donna was a Billy T nominee twice and has written 3 solo shows.
Suren Surendran
Suren has over 30 years of general management, business development, strategy, and financial experience in New Zealand, the Middle East, and Sri Lanka.
During the 1990s Suren was part of the strategy team at Television New Zealand Ltd (TVNZ) when the company was faced with the emergence of digital and increased competition. He describes this to be a major period of learning which saw him grow to become the Strategy & Projects Manager for the TVNZ Group. He either led or was part of, a number of strategic projects including the setting up of Asia Business News (Singapore, which today is CNBC Asia) Fiji TV, BCL – Australia, and Sky TV. Following TVNZ, Suren became a successful boutique strategy consultant to a number of high-profile organisations – TVNZ, BCL (now Kordia), Carter Holt Harvey Group, IRL to name a few.
In the last fifteen years – he made the major shift to SME (Small to Medium Enterprises) by becoming a co-owner of two successful businesses in the dairy and hydraulic engineering industries. Both businesses became highly profitable and are industry leaders by a significant margin.
Suren is passionate about giving back to the community, has extensive musical interests and plays cricket. He is a Chartered Accountant and also holds an Executive MBA from Otago University.
Jessica Wiseman
Jessica is a lawyer who has worked in the screen production sector for over 12 years.
Prior to that, Jessica practised in commercial and general practice law. She also holds a BA in anthropology, reflecting her keen interest in people and human relationships. Jessica is glad to be able to serve on the Home & Family Board, an organisation that fulfills a vital role in the community.
Carol White
Carol is a counsellor with over 25 years of professional experience. She is a former National President of the NZ Association of Counsellors (NZAC) and is a Life Member of the Association.
Carol is a member of the NZAC's National Ethics Committee and teaches courses on ethical practice for various counselling programmes. She has her own counselling and supervision practice.
She has been closely involved with Home and Family counsellors for more than ten years. She was elected to the Home and Family board particularly to provide guidance about the professional work of the counsellors but her contribution extends a very long way beyond that responsibility.
Our Trust Board
Home and Family Counselling is supported by a Trust board that holds reserves for the Society and manages its capital investment. The Trust board aims to build its reserves to a level where the return on the interest becomes a sustainable income for the organisation.
Our Trustees:
Robert Narev, MNZM, Chair
Eric Allan
Ross Green
Christine Sprott


text:
Made in Chelsea: Croatia, a spin-off series of Made in Chelsea, a British structured-reality television programme which began airing on 6 August 2018, and concluded after 6 episodes on 10 September 2018. The series was confirmed on 21 May 2018 This was a stand-alone series which was not promoted as the sixteenth series. The sixteenth series followed later in the year. This is the fifth spin-off show filmed away from Chelsea following NYC in 2014, LA in 2015, South of France in 2016, and Ibiza in 2017.

The series includes the feud between Harry and Sam T as both throw each other's relationships under the bus. It also includes Tabitha and Miles briefly getting together before it's revealed she's been seeing Sam P back in Chelsea, and the final nail in the coffin for Digby and Olivia's relationship. Following this series it was announced that Sam Prince would not be returning to the show, and that this was his final series.

Cast

Episodes

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; background:#fff;"
|- style="color:black"
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| Series no.
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| Episode no.
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| Title
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| Original airdate
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| Duration
! style="background: #FECFFF;"| UK viewers

|}

Ratings

References

External links

2018 British television seasons
British reality television series
British television spin-offs
Hvar
Croatia
Television shows set in Croatia


text:
package cache

import (
	controller "github.com/contiv/vpp/plugins/controller/api"
	nsmodel "github.com/contiv/vpp/plugins/ksr/model/namespace"
	podmodel "github.com/contiv/vpp/plugins/ksr/model/pod"
	policymodel "github.com/contiv/vpp/plugins/ksr/model/policy"
)

// PolicyCacheAPI defines API of PolicyCache used for a non-persistent storage
// of K8s State data with fast lookups.
// The cache processes K8s State data updates and RESYNC events through Update()
// and Resync() APIs, respectively.
// The cache allows to get notified about changes via convenient callbacks.
// A watcher needs to implement the interface PolicyCacheWatcher and subscribe
// for watching using Watch() API.
// The cache provides various fast lookup methods (e.g. by the label selector).
type PolicyCacheAPI interface {
	// Resync processes a K8s state data resync event.
	// The cache content is full replaced with the received data and all
	// subscribed watchers are notified.
	// The function will forward any error returned by a watcher.
	Resync(kubeStateData controller.KubeStateData) error

	// Update processes a K8s state data change event.
	// The change is applied into the cache and all subscribed watchers are
	// notified.
	// The function will forward any error returned by a watcher.
	Update(kubeStateChange *controller.KubeStateChange) error

	// Watch subscribes a new watcher.
	Watch(watcher PolicyCacheWatcher) error

	// LookupPod returns data of a given Pod.
	LookupPod(pod podmodel.ID) (found bool, data *podmodel.Pod)

	// LookupPodsByNsLabelSelector evaluates namespace label selector (expression and/or match
	// labels) and returns IDs of pods in the matched namespaces.
	LookupPodsByNsLabelSelector(podLabelSelector *policymodel.Policy_LabelSelector) (pods []podmodel.ID)

	// LookupPodsByLabelSelectorInsideNs evaluates pod label selector (expression and/or match
	// labels) in a namespace and returns IDs of matching pods.
	LookupPodsByLabelSelectorInsideNs(policyNamespace string, podLabelSelector *policymodel.Policy_LabelSelector) (pods []podmodel.ID)

	// LookupPodsByNamespace returns IDs of all pods inside a given namespace.
	LookupPodsByNamespace(policyNamespace string) (pods []podmodel.ID)

	// ListAllPods returns IDs of all known pods.
	ListAllPods() (pods []podmodel.ID)

	// LookupPolicy returns data of a given Policy.
	LookupPolicy(policy policymodel.ID) (found bool, data *policymodel.Policy)

	// LookupPoliciesByPod returns IDs of all policies assigned to a given pod.
	LookupPoliciesByPod(pod podmodel.ID) (policies []policymodel.ID)

	// ListAllPolicies returns IDs of all policies.
	ListAllPolicies() (policies []policymodel.ID)

	// LookupNamespace returns data of a given namespace.
	LookupNamespace(namespace nsmodel.ID) (found bool, data *nsmodel.Namespace)

	// ListAllNamespaces returns IDs of all known namespaces.
	ListAllNamespaces() (namespaces []nsmodel.ID)
}

// PolicyCacheWatcher defines interface that a PolicyCache watcher must implement.
type PolicyCacheWatcher interface {
	// Resync is called by Policy Cache during a RESYNC event.
	Resync(data *DataResyncEvent) error

	// AddPod is called by Policy Cache when a new pod is created.
	AddPod(podID podmodel.ID, pod *podmodel.Pod) error

	// DelPod is called by Policy Cache after a pod was removed.
	DelPod(podID podmodel.ID, pod *podmodel.Pod) error

	// UpdatePod is called by Policy Cache when data of a pod were modified.
	UpdatePod(podID podmodel.ID, oldPod, newPod *podmodel.Pod) error

	// AddPolicy is called by Policy Cache when a new policy is created.
	AddPolicy(policy *policymodel.Policy) error

	// DelPolicy is called by Policy Cache after a policy was removed.
	DelPolicy(policy *policymodel.Policy) error

	// UpdatePolicy is called by Policy Cache when date of a policy were
	// modified.
	UpdatePolicy(oldPolicy, newPolicy *policymodel.Policy) error

	// AddNamespace is called by Policy Cache when a new namespace is created.
	AddNamespace(ns *nsmodel.Namespace) error

	// DelNamespace is called by Policy Cache after a namespace was removed.
	DelNamespace(ns *nsmodel.Namespace) error

	// UpdateNamespace is called by Policy Cache when data of a namespace were
	// modified.
	UpdateNamespace(oldNs, newNs *nsmodel.Namespace) error
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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