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July-December 2020
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Histopathologic analysis of endometrial biopsies in a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital p. 101
Murtala Abubakar, Balarabe Kabir, Almustapha Aliyu Liman, Sani Muhammed Shehu, Bilkisu Lawal Kankia, Anisa Yahya, Zainab Adamu Ali
DOI:10.4103/atp.atp_29_20
Background: Endometrial biopsy is a reliable means of evaluating the physiologic and pathologic states of the endometrium. The aim of this study was to examine the histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies as seen in Zaria, Nigeria and to compare the results with similar studies elsewhere. Method: A retrospective analysis was carried out based on the records of the Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria between January 2014 and December 2018. The neoplastic lesions were classified according to 2014 World Health Organization classification for endometrial neoplasms. Results: A total of 1518 endometrial tissue samples were analysed. Pregnancy related conditions (41.76%) and functional endometrial changes (27.24%) were the most common morphologic diagnostic category seen. Endometrial hyperplasia (7.13%) was the most common pathologic lesion diagnosed. Of the malignant endometrial tumours, endometrial carcinoma is the most common with 29 cases (58% of all malignant endometrial lesions). One Hundred and Nine cases (7.2%) of the total cases reviewed were found to be inadequate for histopathologic evaluation. Conclusion: Retained product of conception was the most common morphologic entity seen in endometrial biopsy in Zaria. The proportion of endometrial samples that are inadequate for histopathologic evaluation is high. There is a need, therefore, for retraining of staff and standardization of biopsy procedures.
Seroprevalence and factors associated with risk of human brucellosis among febrile patients attending health-care facilities in Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria p. 107
Hafiz Halilu, Fatima J Giwa, Saad A Ahmed, Mu'awiyyah B Sufiyan, Amina I Mohammed
Background: Brucellosis is a neglected underdiagnosed zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution with varying symptoms similar to those occurring in other febrile illnesses. A recent screening survey conducted among butchers in Bauchi state reported a high prevalence of human brucellosis; however, its burden among patients with other febrile illnesses is unknown. We determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with risk of brucellosis among febrile patients attending health-care facilities (HCFs) in Bauchi metropolis, North-Eastern Nigeria. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study of 382 participants using a multistage sampling technique. Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal plate test, and a questionnaire was used to identify risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Data analyses were conducted using Epi Info version 7.0. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted at P = 0.05. Results: Fifty-seven (14.9%) of the 382 febrile patients tested had Brucella antibodies. Males: female ratio was 1.1:1, and the mean age was 29.9 (standard deviation ± 12.03). Age, sex, occupational status, keeping animals, having ever milked an animal, handling animals during birth, and consuming unpasteurized milk or meat were found to be significantly associated with brucellosis on bivariate analysis. Conclusions: Up to 14.9% of the febrile patients attending HCFs in Bauchi metropolis had Brucella antibodies. Age, occupational status, consuming unpasteurized milk or meat, handling animals during birth, and lack of awareness on zoonosis remained independent predictors for brucellosis. Therefore, conducting routine serological screening tests for Brucella antibodies in all febrile patients presenting to HCFs will assist in its diagnosis and proper management.
Breast lesions in a district hospital: Demographic and histopathologic characteristics p. 113
Kevin Nwabueze Ezike, Solomon Raphael, Ijeoma Ahunna Okwudire-Ejeh, Damian Ikechukwu Okonkwo
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is increasingly the most common malignancy among Nigerian women. This study documents the demographic and histopathologic characteristics of breast lesions in a district hospital over a 5-year period. Patients and Methods: Data were collated from patients' request forms and duplicate copies of histology reports of all cases seen under the study period. Results: Breast lesions represented 13% of all histologically diagnosed lesions during the period of the study. Almost 98.6% of these breast specimens were received from females, with a female-to-male ratio of 58.9:1.0. The overall age range of the patients seen was from 10 to 96 years, with a mean of 33.3 ± 13.1 years at the time of presentation. There were 37 (4.4%) nonneoplastic breast lesions, 547 (65.3%) benign breast neoplasms (BBNs), and 254 (30.3%) malignant breast neoplasms (MBNs). The peak age incidence of MBNs was seen in the fifth decade (33.1%). The most common BBN was fibroadenoma (54.5%), followed by fibrocystic change (29.3%). The most common MBN was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.3%), followed by lobular and mucinous carcinoma, each accounting for 4.3%. About 77.1% of the breast carcinomas were Grade II. Conclusion: Breast lesions are common in our setting, strikingly more common in females, predominantly benign in nature with fibroadenoma which peaks in the 20–29 years age group being the most common variety. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy, affecting more women in their 40s with one of every three cases seen in women before their 40th birthday.
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Indications and diagnostic utility of bone marrow aspiration cytology: A 12-year experience at a tertiary health center in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria p. 119
Saleh Yuguda, Ahmed Iya Girei, Kasim Mohammed Pindiga, Rufai Abdu Dachi, Aliyu Ibrahim Lawan, Yusuf Mohammed Abdullahi
Background: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology is very important in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of both hematological and nonhematological disorders. It has several indications ranging from the evaluation of cytopenias to staging and assessment of remission in the course of management. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the indications and diagnostic utility of BMA cytology at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Methodology: A retrospective review of BMA cytology records performed at the department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, over a 12-year period from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017. Results: A total of 596 BMAs were performed over the study period. The age ranges were from 2 months to 88 years, with a median age of 36 years. Majority of the patients were males (61%). The most common indication for the bone marrow examination was for the evaluation of recurrent anemia 32.2%, followed by presumptive diagnosis of leukemia 27.7%. Normal marrow finding constituted 4.7%, while the diagnosis was inconclusive in 4.2% of the cases. The most frequently diagnosed diseases are the nutritional deficiency anemia together accounting for about one-third of the cases (megaloblastic anemia 20.3%, combined deficiency anemia 9.9%, and iron deficiency anemia 2.5%) and leukemia. Conclusion: Anemia and leukemia are the most common indication for BMA, and nutritional deficiency anemia is the major BMA diagnosis in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria.
Adherence to glivec (imatinib mesylate) therapy amongst patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in Nigeria p. 123
Charles Erhinyodavwe Origbo, Rahman A Bolarinwa, Anthony A Oyekunle, Temitope O Afolabi, Benedict Nwogoh, Muheez A Durosinmi
DOI:10.4103/atp.atp_4_20
Background: Adherence to Imatinib (Glivec®) is of critical importance in achieving optimal treatment outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Objective: This study aims to investigate adherence to therapy and factors that could influence patient adherence to Glivec®. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife. Seventy consenting newly diagnosed CML patients in the chronic phase were counseled on adherence to therapy and administered 400 mg/day dose of Glivec. Six months after commencement, they were evaluated for adherence using two structured self-administered questionnaires. The first one to evaluate adherence (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) and the other was administered to identify factors known to influence adherence to therapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 Statistical package (2012, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA.). Results: The study participants had a mean age of 38.4 ± 12.7 years. The male-to-female (male:female) ratio was 1.7:1. Thirty-three (47.1%) of the patients were classified as adherent. Family support was significantly associated with adherence (P = 0.012). The distance of >200 km away from the point of drug collection, OAUTHC, Ile-Ife was significantly associated with nonadherence to Glivec therapy (P = 0.008). Conclusion: This study found that adherence in patients on Glivec® therapy was <50%. Distance of >200 km and family support were significant determinants of adherence in this study.
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Ibadan: A single-institutional experience p. 128
Ebenezer O Fatunla, Mustapha A Ajani, Francis A Onakpoma, Augustine O Takure, Clement A Okolo
Background: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) protein has been shown to have both prognostic and therapeutic values in several malignancies including urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (UCB). Aims: This study aimed to determine HER-2 protein overexpression and evaluate its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters in UCB. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study involving the immunohistochemical review of all histologically diagnosed urinary bladder malignancy in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2002 and December 2016. Urinary bladder malignancies whose tissue blocks could not be found and/or demographic data were not available were excluded. Immunohistochemistry analysis was done using rabbit anti-HER-2 antibody (Biocare) and American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines established for breast cancer were used for HER-2 status scoring. The statistical analysis was carried out usingthe Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: HER-2 overexpression was found in four (6.3%) cases. All the HER-2-positive cases were males. One (2.9%) of the 35 high-grade UCB showed positive HER-2 overexpression, whereas three (10.7%) of the 28 low-grade tumor were positive for HER-2 protein overexpression.There was no statistically significant association between HER-2 protein overexpression and histological grades of UCB and muscle invasion by the tumor. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the low percentage of HER-2 overexpression in UCB with no significant association with tumor grades and muscle invasion. Larger samples involving multiple centers can provide more robust information and further evaluate HER-2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma in our environment.
Antimicrobial activity of garlic (Allium sativum ) on selected uropathogens from cases of urinary tract infection p. 133
Okunye Olufemi Lionel, Idowu Philip Adegboyega, Adeleke O Ezekiel, Babalola Caroline Olufunke
Introduction: The etiologic agents of urinary tract infection (UTI) occur among both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including those that exhibit resistance to commonly used standard antibiotics. Both the male and female individuals can be prone to developing UTI. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been associated with antibacterial activity, though with scanty reports on uropathogens. This study was, therefore, carried out to determine the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of garlic (A. sativum)in vitro against six uropathogens (Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Serratia marcescens ) and a reference strain, E. coli ATCC-25922 . Materials and Methods: The bacterial isolates were collected from the Routine Microbiology Laboratory, University College Hospital, Ibadan, and were authenticated by Gram staining and some conventional biochemical tests. The isolates were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against both the aqueous and methanol extracts of garlic. Phytochemical screening was also carried out on the plant. Results: Both aqueous and methanol extracts had maximum zones of growth inhibitions of 22 mm at 200 mg/mL and 25 mm at 200 mg/mL against E. coli, followed by P. aeruginosa with zones of growth inhibitions of 21 mm and 25 mm at the same concentration. Proteus spp., exhibited the lowest zones of growth inhibition of 16mm at 200mg/mL.and 10mm at 25mg/mL to methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs and MBCs of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of garlic varied for each organism. Escherichia coli had the MICs' of 100mg/mL and MBC of 220mg/mL while the MIC and MBC of the aqueous extract on the Proteus spp. are 100mg/mL and 320mg/mL respectively. The MBCs recorded were relatively higher in comparison to the MIC values. Conclusion: These findings showed that garlic could be of therapeutic use in the management of bacterial mediated UTI.
Analysis of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region score and epithelial dysplasia in common odontogenic cysts seen in a university teaching hospital p. 139
Oluseyi Folake Ajayi, Oladunni M Ogundana, Moses T Kolade, Onatolu Odukoya
Aim: Carcinomatous transformation in odontogenic cysts (OC) lining may be more common than is generally appreciated. Thus, the aim of this study is to predict the potential for neoplastic transformation in the epithelial lining of OC using argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) scores and degree of epithelial dysplasia. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological study was undertaken on OC histologically diagnosed over a 40-year period in a university teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. Paraffin blocks of selected cases were retrieved and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin and AgNOR stain. Evaluation of epithelial dysplasia was done using the WHO 2005 protocol. Estimation of atypical features and AgNOR scoring were done using modified and established protocols. Epi info and GraphPad InStat software packages were employed to manage the ensuing data. Results: The commonly observed OC was odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which accounted for 44.5%, radicular cyst (RC) (24.2%), calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) (12.7%), and dentigerous cyst (DC) (11.5%). Nuclear pleomorphism was the most common atypical feature and was present in 50% each of DC and COC, 42% of OKC, and 36% of RC. Drop-shaped rete pegs were rarely observed. A significant association was observed between the presence of moderate dysplasia and histologic type of OC (P = 0.022). Mean AgNOR scores per 100 cells was OKC (137.38 ± 35.82), RC (132.04 ± 34.22), COC and DC (119.00 ± 10.93) and (96.91 ± 38.88) respectively. This was not statistically significant (P = 0.218). Conclusions: As moderate epithelial dysplasia was more significantly associated with OKC than other cysts, it is concluded that the potential for malignant transformation is higher in OKC than other histologically categorized types of cysts.
Evaluation of lipid profile pattern among apparently healthy students of Niger Delta University p. 146
Benedicta Erere Kasia, Victoria Y Nyondia, Promise O Oseajeh, Prohp The Prophet
Background: Dyslipidemia constitutes a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the lipid profile pattern of apparently healthy students of Niger Delta University to detect any possible abnormality. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 apparently healthy students were studied. A convenient sampling technique was employed for willing participants. The studied group constituted 55 males and 47 females aged within 20–40 years. Relevant demographic data were obtained by a one-on-one interview with the participants. A blood specimen was collected for measurements of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) by standard assay methods. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and the student t -test was performed at P < 0.05 for comparison of means. Results: The mean plasma TC and LDL-c values for males were significantly lower than females values of 3.865 ± 0.675 mmol/L versus 4.251 ± 0.851 mmol/L and 2.38 ± 0.49 versus 2.64 ± 0.64 with P = 0.012 and 0.023, respectively. Similarly, the mean plasma HDL-c and TGs for males were lower than female values of 1.126 ± 0.190 mmol/L versus 1.194 ± 0.224 mmol/L and 0.77 ± 0.20 versus 0.82 ± 0.27 with P = 0.099 and 0.27, respectively which were not statistically significant. The age group of 24–27 years constituted the highest mean values and the age group of 28–40 years constituted the least mean values for all the studied parameters. These values, however, did not differ statistically. Most of the participants had significantly within low-normal reference range values. Conclusion: These findings revealed within normal lipid profiles for most subjects.
Peritrabecular clefting in differentiating ossifying fibroma from fibrous dysplasia of the jaws p. 151
Adetokunbo B Olawuyi, Olajumoke A Effiom, Sunday Omilabu, Onatolu Odukoya
Context: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) are the most prevalent fibro-osseous lesions in Nigerians and present with overlapping clinical, radiological, and microscopic features, resulting in diagnostic challenges for the pathologist and surgeon. Aims: The objectives of this study were to differentiate between FD and OF using clinical features, radiographic features, growth rate, and microscopic method to evaluate the prevalence of peritrabecular clefting. Settings and Design: Random sampling was used to select the sample size of 30 for each lesion from cases diagnosed from 1994 to 2014 in the oral biopsy service of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin sections were prepared from retrieved blocks of FD and OF which had been blinded. Each section was divided into four quadrants, largest vertical and horizontal dimensions of cleft surrounding five trabeculae in each quadrant were measured with ocular grid and multiplied to project an estimation of area of each cleft. Data retrieved on clinical and radiographic information were statistically compared to differentiate between the lesions. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Results: In the study, 77% of FD had clefts, none was seen in OF. This difference was statistically significant P = 0.001. Ill-defined radiographic borders occurred in 60% of FD, well-defined borders occurred in 81% of OF. In lesions with mixed radiolucency and radiopacity, an association was established between border definition and type of lesion. P = 0.02122. Conclusions: Peritrabecular clefting was observed in 77% of FD, while this feature was not observed in OF and could therefore serve as a reliable parameter to differentiate the lesions.
Nephroprotective effect of Citrus sinensis L. on mercury exposed wistar rats p. 157
Washima Seth Amber, Sunday Abraham Musa, Sohnap James Sambo, Abel Nosereme Agbon
Context: Exposure to all forms of mercury has toxic effect on several biosystems. Disruption in structural, biochemical, and physiological renal integrity results in nephrotoxicity. Citrus sinensis L (sweet orange) has medicinal benefits for diverse ailments. Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of ethanol fruit peel extract of C. sinensis (EPCS) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-triggered nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats (150–180 g) were separated into five Groups (I-V, n = 5): Group I received normal saline (1 ml/kg); Group II received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg); Group III received reference drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg) +HgCl2(5 mg/kg); Group IV received EPCS (750 mg/kg) +HgCl2 (5 mg/kg); and Group V received EPCS (1250 mg/kg) +HgCl2 (5 mg/kg). Treatments were for 14 days. Nephroprotective effect was evaluated using the biochemical assay for renal function, histological, and histochemical assessments using H and E and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains and quantification of PAS staining intensity using Imagej® NIH, US. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test. Results: The results revealed remarkable (P < 0.05) alterations in renal functional biomarkers, especially urea, creatinine, and Na + in HgCl2-treated group compared to the controls. However, EPCS treatment ameliorated alterations comparable to the silymarin and control groups. Histological and histochemical examinations revealed severe distortions in renal histoarchitecture such as shrunken glomerulus and Bowman-space dilatation for the rats exposed to HgCl2 compared to controls. However, EPCS treatment ameliorated distortions by the preservation of renal histoarchitecture comparable to the silymarin and control groups. No remarkable difference for PAS staining intensity relative to controls. Conclusion: EPCS possesses potential nephroprotective effect against mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.
Clinicoepidemiological profile and morphological spectrum of intracranial tumors seen in a tertiary health-care facility: A 6-year retrospective study p. 166
Sunday Sokunle Soyemi, Francis Adedayo Faduyile, Daniel Ayodele Sanni, Alban Ikenna Mgbehoma, Olufemi E Idowu, John Oladapo Obafunwa
Introduction: Brain tumors are a diverse group of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors and each tumor has a distinctive biology, treatment, and prognosis. The increase in the number of neurosurgeons and availability of newer diagnostic imaging techniques in our center, prompted this study, which was aimed at identifying the epidemiological pattern and the morphological spectrum of all intracranial tumors in this center and compare our findings with previous results from this institution and other centers. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of cases of all intracranial tumors was conducted from January 2013 to December 2018. All slides were then reviewed by at least two pathologists. The age, sex, diagnosis using the World Health Organization grading, and the histological subtypes were recorded and then analyzed using the SPSS. Results: Altogether 113 intracranial tumors were identified out of 13,651 samples reported over a 6-year period representing 0.82% of all surgical biopsies. The mean age was 45 ± 23.6 years with ages ranging from 1 year to 85 years. Males accounted for 47.8%, whereas females represented 51.3% with a male-to-female ratio of 1–1.1. Intracranial tumors were most common in the 41–50 years of age group. Supratentorial tumors accounted for 75.2%. Headache, loss of vision, seizure, and paresis were the common presentations accounting for 39.8%, 31.9%, 27.4%, and 19.4%, respectively. Meningiomas were the most common tumors representing 47.8%. Grade I tumors were predominant. Conclusion: Supratentorial tumors were predominant and meningiomas accounted for the majority. Headache, loss of vision, and seizure were common presentations.
Aqueous beetroot juice extract improves renal function and some biochemical parameters in carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in sprague dawley rats p. 171
Fidelis Ehidiamen Olumese, Henrietta Ayodele Oboh
Background: The ability of plant extracts to improve toxicity in the kidney is gaining attention. This may be due to the untoward effects and high cost of orthodox drugs used for the management of kidney disease, therefore, the use of aqueous beetroot juice as a potential ameliorative agent was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Group 1 received 2 ml/kg distilled water (normal control); Group II received 2 ml/kg olive oil; Group III received 2 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in olive oil 48 hourly (negative control); Group IV received 2 ml/kg CCl4 in olive oil and 250 mg/kg of beetroot/day; Group V received 2 ml/kg CCl4 in olive oil and 500 mg/kg of beetroot/day; and Group VI received 2 ml/kg CCl4 in olive oil and 100 mg/kg silymarin/day (positive control) for 14 days. Animals were euthanized, and blood was collected for the evaluation of electrolytes, urea, and creatinine, whereas the kidney tissue was assessed for histopathological changes. Results: There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the level of K + in the group of rats administered 250 mg and 500 mg/kg of aqueous beetroot extract, when compared to negative control. The levels of Na + were reduced in the treated groups when compared to normal control. There were no significant changes in Cl − levels in all the group of animals. The urea levels decreased in the groups treated with extract or silymarin, and a similar trend of creatinine was observed in the groups administered beetroot extract. However, creatinine concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the group of rats administered only silymarin when compared to other groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed that the tubular necrosis observed in the kidney was ameliorated after beetroot juice administration. Conclusion: Beetroot juice showed nephroprotective effects against CCl4-induced renal toxicity.
Bladder diseases: A histopathological study p. 176
Babatunde M Duduyemi, William G Ayibor, Roland Azorliade, Foster Safo, Ebenezer Owusu
Background: There is a dearth of publications on the histopathological findings from the bladder specimen in this country. Knowledge of the profile of histological findings from bladder biopsies will help reveal the most common lesions, the demographical distribution as well as the association of clinical symptoms with various conditions and interventions to be made. Methodology: This was a retrospective, histopathological study conducted over a period of 10 years. Demographics of the patient were abstracted, and slides were reviewed to establish the diagnoses on bladder biopsies. Results: There were 180 cases of bladder lesions studied. Males accounted for 86 (47.78%), and females recorded 94 (52.22%) of the cases. The modal age group is 50–59, with 42 cases. The mean age is 54.14 ± 18.62. Inflammatory (nonneoplastic) lesions accounted for 53 (29.44%) and neoplastic lesions accounted for 127 (70.56%), of which benign lesions (squamous papilloma) were 13 (10.24%) whereas malignant cases were 114 (89.76%). Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was the most common bladder malignancy (57%) and squamous cell carcinoma (35.96%). Lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, carcinoma in situ, and adenocarcinoma were relatively rare. Most of the tumors were high grade. Conclusion: Bladder diseases are more common in females in our center, and most of the neoplastic lesions are high-grade carcinomas.
Breast cysts with masses versus breast masses with cysts: Sonographic sub-types of complex breast cysts with pathologic correlations p. 180
Olarinoye - Akorede Sefiya Adebanke, Aliyu Halima, Lawal Suleiman, Bello Nafisa, Mohammed Halima Mono
Background: Cystic lesions of the breast are generally classified as simple, complicated or complex. A complex breast cyst is however defined as a lesion which contains both cystic (anechoic) and solid (echogenic) components. There is a need to understand the sonographic criteria and differential diagnoses of complex cysts which have varying risks of malignancy, as against simple or complicated cysts which are typically benign. Objectives: To examine the sonographic subdivisions of complex breast cysts, correlating with histopathological diagnosis as seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of 106 women who had complex breast cysts diagnosed on high resolution ultrasound (Mindray DC- 8, 2013; transducer frequency 7.5–12 MHz). The lesions were categorized as: Type 1 (cysts with thick wall or septa), Type 2 (cysts with a small mural nodule), Type 3 (cystic and solid lesion with >50% cystic component), Type 4 (cystic and solid lesion with >50% solid component). The final diagnosis was either by short term ultrasound follow-up, Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology/core biopsy or excision biopsy. Results: Out of a total of 248 patients with breast cysts, 106 women had complex cysts. 27 (25.4%) patients had cysts with either thick wall or septa or both; 11 (10.4%) had a small intra-mural nodule; 14 (13.2%) had solid-cystic mass with >50% cystic component and 54 (50.9%) had solid-cystic mass with >50% solid component. Overall 66% were benign while 34% were malignant. The commonest pathology to present as a complex breast cyst was invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified. Conclusion: Complex cysts are associated with varying risks of malignancy. Also, a certain pathology could exhibit sonographic features of any of the subdivisions (Type 1-4). Therefore, meticulous attention should be paid to other associated imaging findings as well as detailed history and thorough clinical examination.
Tubal schistosomiasis: A not so rare cause of ectopic gestation p. 186
Aminatu Makarfi Umar, Usman Danjuma Zubairu, Afolabi Korede Koledade, Yusuf Salisu Abeku, Modupeola Omotara Samaila, Oladapo Sunday Shittu
Schistosomiasis, a neglected Tropical disease affects over 220 million people worldwide and is endemic in Nigeria. Reproductive difficulties are some of the consequences of chronic infestation with Schistosoma spp particularly S. haematobium. We present the case of a 20 year old nullipara who was managed for ectopic pregnancy on a background of a previous first trimester miscarriage. Intraoperatively, she was found to have bilateral tubal pathology, histology of which turned out to be schistosoma granuloma.
Extranodal sinonasal rosai-dorfman disease in a Nigerian woman: A case report and review of literature p. 189
Abdulrazak Ajiya, Emmanuel Sara Kolo, Iliyasu Yunusa Shuaibu
Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) also referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease with unknown etiology and pathogenesis first described by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969. It is characterized by histiocytic proliferation of lymphatic sinuses, which primarily involves the lymph nodes, but has an extranodal tendency. Frequently encountered extranodal sites in the head-and-neck region is paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, orbit, parotid gland, and middle ear. We present a case of RDD occurring in the nasal cavity of a 28-year-old female from Nigeria. RDD should be considered a differential diagnosis in any patient with benign sinonasal mass especially arising from the nasal septum with massive cervical lymphadenopathy.
Challenges of managing childhood cancers in resource-constrained settings: A case of sarcoma botryoides in a 3-year-old girl p. 193
Yakubu Abubakar, Jamilu Abdullahi Faruk, Hafsat Rufa'i Ahmad, Dauda E Suleiman
Sarcoma botryoides is a rare histological variant of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) found in the mucosal lining of body cavities of the bladder, vagina, nasopharynx, and biliary tract. Vaginal RMS typically affects young girls below 2 years of age but has also been reported in adolescents. Most patients present late when the tumor has already caused significant regional effects and complications. The management of such children usually poses numerous challenges in a resource-poor setting. A 3-year-old girl presented with a 1-year history of a progressive mass protruding through the vaginal introitus, associated with bleeding, progressive weight loss of 6 months, and abdominal swelling of 3 months duration. After 6 weeks of hospital stay, a diagnosis of sarcoma botryoides was made, and chemotherapy was commenced 2 weeks following the diagnosis. Delays were encountered due to financial constraints, laboratory stock-outs, and hesitance in accepting treatment by the parents. She completed one cycle of chemotherapy, comprising vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide, with demonstrable reduction in the tumor sizes. Unfortunately, her management was complicated by severe measles infection acquired during admission; and she succumbed to the illness. Treatment of childhood cancers is bedevilled by the multiple levels of delays, and a host of co-morbidities that combine to produce an undesirable outcome. There is a need for a highly coordinated multidisciplinary approach that is hinged on a strong support for infection prevention and treatment access, in addition to good nutrition, adequate supply of blood, and blood products.
Orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: Report of a rare tumor in a Nigerian girl p. 196
Kazeem Olatunde O. Ibrahim, Grace Feyisayo Adepoju, Joshua Folusho A. Owoeye, Abdurafiu Ayinde Abdulmajeed, Olaleke Oluwasegun Folaranmi, Mutairu Abiodun Taiwo
The orbit (eye socket) is one of the rare extraskeletal sites of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC). This is a report of the clinical presentation, the results of radiological and histopathological investigations, as well as the treatment outcome of a case of orbital MC in an 11-year-old Nigerian girl who presented with right eye protrusion and worsening vision. Examination of the right eye revealed lagophthalmos with marked proptosis of the globe. Right eye modified exenteration was done due to progressive proptosis, pain, and no perception to light. Histology revealed a biphasic neoplasm that is composed of well-formed hyaline cartilage and sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with a diagnosis of MC. She had four courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy, and was initially clinically stable on follow-up, but had a recurrence due to noncompletion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Orbital MC should be considered among young females who present with progressive proptosis, with or without pain, and worsening visual impairment.
© Annals of Tropical Pathology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 21st November 2017.


RADAR-CNS is one of the largest remote health measurement studies in Europe, and will recruit around 1000 individuals with brain disorders. The hope is that with more and better data, doctors will be able to pre-empt and prevent relapses in patients before they occur, or at least improve their symptoms and quality of life.
Led jointly by King's College London and Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, RADAR-CNS brings together some of the leading clinicians, researchers, device engineers, computer scientists, and data analysts from 24 organisations across Europe and USA.
The aim is to build an infrastructure for collecting and processing data from mobile devices to identify clinically useful biomarkers that predict relapse or deterioration (eg, changes in sleep, physical activity, cognition, memory). For example, in depression, people's behaviour may change even before they have noticed they are struggling (their sleep may be getting worse, or they may have reduced their activity in the weeks before a relapse).
Patients are involved in RADAR-CNS from the start—helping to identify the most important symptoms to target, and helping to design and develop user-friendly, secure technologies. Wherever possible, the researchers aim to use inexpensive and widely available technology, so that the end results can be made available to as many people as possible.
RADAR-CNS is a major step in developing new ways of monitoring brain disorders. Ultimately, this will improve patients' quality of life and make treatments more effective. The research is also being developed in a way that allows the technology to be adapted for use in other diseases like bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease, and could have a big impact on healthcare in the future.


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Ranjith K Govind
Other names of Ranjith K Govind: Ranjith,K.G. Ranjith
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DOB : 21-02-1977
Star Sign : Pisces
» Singer
» Playback Singer
Ranjith is a very famous and versatile south Indian singer. He has a vibrant personality and can make the crowd tap their feet with his energetic songs, can make them emotional with his soothing voice and is a mass entertainer. He was born on February 21, 1977. He is a very well-known playback singer and has worked for many films. He is mainly working for the Karnataka, Telugu, Tamil, and Malayalam film industries. Ranjith was born in a Malayali family, in Chennai. His family belongs to a small town, Kalluvazhi, Kerala. Ranjith grew up listening to various types of music he stayed in a society where social-programmes were a trend. The localities used to participate in these programmes. Once, a family friend suggested training Ranjith for classical music.
He is trained in Hindustani music and Carnatic music by Vidwan Cuddalore Subramanian, K. S. Kanakasingam, Trichur P. Ramankutty and P. S. Narayana Swamy Bio coming soon... >> Read More... . In the year 2001, he won a show named SUN TV Saptha Swarangal; through which he became famous. Ranjith is married to a Bharatanatyam dancer Reshmi Menon Reshmi Menon is a promising Indian actress hailing >> Read More... . They have a daughter named Ria. Ranjith has sung over 800 songs including languages, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada. He has also learned western classical music from Mr. Augustine Paul. He is not only a singer but also plays various instruments which include guitar, piano, and mridangam.
These instruments helped him to broaden his horizon of music. He has also composed music for a famous show called PANCHAMUKHI. PANCHAMUKHI is a dance production which includes styles like Bharatanatyam, Mohiniattam, Kathakali and different types of folk dances performed by trained dancers. He is also a part of the band DRISHTI. DRISHTI has participated in many immense events and has shared with singers like KK, Colonial brothers, Pritam. Ranjith has also performed with AR Rehman in many of his abroad concerts, which are THE UNITY OF LIGHT, and THE 3-DIMENSIONAL TOUR. He has done concerts in countries like USA, Australia, France, Germany, UK, Dubai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia. In the year 2012, Ranjith won the MAA music award.
Ranina Reddy
Ranina Reddy is a playback singer who got associated with music composer Harris Jayaraj. One can coin her with simple words like 'bold, brash and unique' for her gifted voice. And perhaps she is the most influential style icon in music too. Ranina Reddy even appeared in a cameo appearance in Venkat Prabhu's film Saroja. Ranina began her singing career in 2008 but her recognition came a few years later. After an initial struggle, she made her big break with the "Ola Olaala Ala" soundtrack (2010), composed by Harris Jayaraj and evolved as one of the Tamil and Telugu cinema's most sought-after singer by the early-2010s (2010-14). Within 4 years (2010-13), Ranina Reddy has sung over 50 songs which can be considered as her peak time in the music career. Considered to be a versatile singer, she is particularly known for her use of western voice elements and often credited with having introduced Hip-hop to the Tamil and Telugu music industry. Her peppy numbers include Tring Tring' from Jai Lava Kusa, 'Jaga Jaga Jagadeka Veera' from Sarocharu, 'Rayya Rayya' from Alex Pandian, 'Aga Naga Naga' from KO, 'Angelina' from Kandireega and many more. Nowadays singing pattern in movies has changed. The basic tenet is followed in film song that it is not the singer who is singing but the character on screen. Hence the song is required as per the screenplay of a movie. Hence singer like Ranina was extremely lucky to record some beautiful songs which are in tune with modern times and the composers included Sai Thaman, Selva Ganesh, Raghu Dixit, and S.A. Rajkumar, Devi Sri Prasad, and Yuvan Shankar Raja. She was even lucky to get the big banner in her career. Ranina Reddy is a gifted singer and even a music composer from Bengaluru. She has been singing songs since the age 12. She is also very popular for a duet performance with Hariharan titled 'Bahon Ke Darmiyan' in Birmingham 2011 where she sang some Bollywood numbers. Every era has its stylish faces, talents, and voices that profoundly influence the moment and Ranina is an example of it.
Sameera Bharadwaj
Sameera Bharadwaj is a famous playback singer in India. She is an established singer in the industry and has sung songs for films in different languages. From her childhood days, Sameera aspired to become a singer. She began learning music when she was in the second standard. Sameera also participated in a lot of television music shows. She was the runner up in Super Singer 8th Season. Her grandmother, Vaani was also a music teacher. Her mother was also interested in singing, but she wasn't a professional singer. Ramamurthy was her guru in Chennai who taught her Hindustani music and she learnt Carnatic Music in Hyderabad from Nedunuri Ramakrishna. The talented singer is also adept in western genres. Sameera tries her best to sing all genres of songs. Her first movie in which she worked as a playback singer was Shivam in which she sang her first song, I Love You too. Sameera's favourite actor is Allu Arjun, and her favourite singers are P Suseela (Telugu singer), Shreya Ghoshal, Andrea Jeremiah and Sunidhi Chauhan. In one of her interviews she said that the advancing technology had made things easier for the singers. Unlike olden days, they don't have to record a song in a single cut.
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Infographic: More Air Flights, More Routes Link the U.S. and Latin America
Although it hasn't ocurred overnight, international air carriers are beginning to get very focused on making Latin America a key part of strategic growth plans. The data continues to show strong demand for flights from the U.S. into Latin America and the Caribbean, and carriers from JetBlue to venerable American Airlines are taking note.
Over the past few years, American, US Airways, Delta, and even low-cost carriers, including JetBlue and Spirit, have introduced non-stop flights to major cities in Latin America. More than 70 percent of passengers flying on these routes are, interestingly, the customers of U.S. carriers. American Airlines alone controls 17 percent of the seats.(more below)
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Courtesy of: Nearshore Americas
In the Caribbean, however, JetBlue is quickly becoming the dominant carrier. The low-cost carrier has over the years added routes to Colombia and Costa Rica, and has done a masterful job gaining access to key Caribbean destinations.
The arrival of low-cost carriers seems to have changed the market once and for all. According to a New York Times report, after the JetBlue began service from Orlando to Bogota, the average fare fell 41 percent and the number of passengers flying that route increased 300 percent.
But a majority of flights heading to Latin America begin their journey from Miami, Florida. But analysts say this trend is likely to be changed in the days ahead. This infographic shows flights to Latin America from five US cities including Miami, New York City, Orlando, Dallas and Huston.
News Editor for Nearshore Americas, Narayan Ammachchi is a career journalist with nearly a decade of experience in reporting on politics and international business. He works out of his base in India's outsourcing capital, Bangalore.
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American Airlines is about to make it much easier to get to one of the best-kept secrets in the Caribbean: the Dutch island of Bonaire.


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Sunbury Self Storage
Information about Sunbury Self Storage
Find out about Sunbury Self Storage. Sunbury is a town located 40.4 kilometres (25.1 mi) north-west of Melbourne's central business district, in the state of Victoria, Australia and 32.1 km away from where Sunshine Self Storage is located. Sunbury had a population of 33,062 as of the 2011 Census. Statistically, Sunbury is considered part of Greater Melbourne.
Sunbury is a north-western suburb of Melbourne. The Victorian government's 2009 decision to extend the Urban Growth Boundary saw Sunbury absorbed by Melbourne's suburban expansion in 2011.
Sunbury Railway Station is connected by Metro services to Melbourne and by V/Line services on the Bendigo train line to both Melbourne and country Victoria. V/Line services are not as frequent as those on the metropolitan Metro service — an approximate hourly frequency is provided by V/Line on weekdays, although on weekends service levels can be as infrequent as once every 80 minutes.
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I am also quite sure that big industries will fail for several decades to come doing the same stupid thing over and over again.
So I guess the visionary part of Jamendo was not the knowledge that DRM was a wrong concept, but that they did not bother trying to haggle with the big mummies, but rather embrace the long tail (this sounds not appropriate, but you know what I mean) of enthusiastic independent musicians.
Oh, and their business models are still quite different, since removing DRM does not mean that the music is free (in any sense of the word), as opposed to the CC-licensed music of jamendo. They just stopped wasting money on crippling their products. Still, the amazon MP3 offer is only valid in the US. So we may ask again: why isn't it possible to sell globally through a global network?
So this was only a very small step for a giant dinosaur, who is still not sure how to get extinct once and for all.
Thank you for your insightful comments. You are quite right in your analysis of the value of Jamendo's business orientations and also right to point out that dinosaurs are moving slowly. I guess that when one sees movement even in the distribution channels of dinosaurs, something pretty interesting is going on... which, of course, does not mean that dinosaurs will survive, let alone succeed.
On "free" music, I tend to believe that music sold under a legal scheme that allows the buyer to use it according to existing legislation (which allows private copies in many countries) is free... at least from DRM. And I do understand a position, which may be yours, that when artists are under the traditional contracts of the music industry they cannot be considered free and therefore their music is not really free. Which brings us again to Jamendo and the beauty of the Creative Commons framework.


Here is the 10 best violin lessons near you for all ages and skill levels. Get pricing and see reviews by your neighborhood community. Want to see the top 10?
Violin Lessons for Kindergartners and Grade Schoolers. Science also has good news for kids older than preschool age. Research suggests music lessons improve academic performance, as well as cognitive skills in children. Violin lessons and practice can help improve motor skills, cognitive performance, and listening skills at a young age.
Learn to play the violin for free. Free violin lessons, tutorials, how-to videos, etudes, studies, sheet music. Discuss the violin and get tips from other violinists on our popular forum.
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This music teachers directory classifies private music instructors by instrument, such as private piano teachers (for private piano lessons), private voice teachers (for private voice lessons), private violin teachers (for private violin lessons), etc. Please use the above search function to find a private music teacher near you.


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At Bondalti, there is a Chemistry bonding us. A passion passed down by the founder of the company, Alfredo da Silva, which has captivated shareholders and employees alike over a period of 150 years.
Today, as before, we manufacture vital chemical products on a daily basis, essential to the wellbeing of our modern society. Inorganic and organic chemical products such as chlorine and aniline, nitric and sulforic acids and hydrochloric, caustic soda or nitrobenzene, among others. Products that are present in the purification process of the water we consume, that are used in the pharmaceutical, rubber and paper industries. Also, products used as raw materials in the manufacturing of polyurethanes (MDI) and bleaches.
These products are exported to many parts of Europe: Spain, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic and Germany are just a few examples, among others. Bondalti holds the first place in the sale of aniline in Europe, as an unintegrated producer, and it's the second biggest Iberian producer of chlorine. We annually export more than 90 percent of our total production.
Bondalti is the biggest Portuguese chemical industry – integrated in a part of an old and prestigious family-based group. But, better than the financial results, Bondalti cherishes its values: Innovation, Competence and Human Development. It's considered to be an employer of excellence that works with the main Portuguese universities and also develops projects with research centres in Spain, United Kingdom, Germany and the United States, among others.
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Agudio and Jenkins Reunite as Hofstra Defeats Holy Cross
In 2007, I got to see Hofstra take on Holy Cross live twice. In the February 17th Bracketbusters game in Hempstead, Carlos Rivera hit two free throws to give the Pride an exciting 65-64 win over the Crusaders. Holy Cross would eventually win the Patriot League Championship in the 2006-07 season and make the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Southern Illinois in the first round. Hofstra would be upset by George Mason in the CAA Quarterfinals and made the NIT, where they lost to DePaul in the first round.
On November 10, 2007, I drove up to Worcester, Massachusetts to see Hofstra take on Holy Cross in a return matchup of their Bracketbuster game. It was the first game of the season for both teams and both teams were rebuilding. The Crusaders had lost their two best players, Keith Simmons and Torey Thomas to graduation, leaving Tim Clifford as their best player. Meanwhile, two thirds of Hofstra's great guard trifecta, Loren Stokes and Rivera had graduated, leaving Antoine Agudio as their best player.
The Crusaders would win that rematch 61-47 as Pat Doherty would have his second best night of the 2007-08 season for Holy Cross with 18 points, while Clifford only had 6 points in the game. Meanwhile, outside of Agudio's 28 points, Hofstra struggled to find a second scoring option. A redshirted freshman guard named Charles Jenkins scored 5 points on 1 of 7 shooting from the field in his first ever game for the Pride (though he did have 9 rebounds).
Despite the win, Holy Cross would struggle in 2007-08 . Clifford did his best, averaging 18 points per game on 57 percent shooting from the field. However, the rest of the team did not pick up the offensive slack as no other player averaged double digits in scoring. The Crusaders would finish the 2007-08 season 15-14 and would lose in their first round Patriot League Tournament game to American.
In the case of the Pride, as the 2007-08 season progressed, Jenkins would become the second scoring option for the Pride as he averaged 15 points per game, shooting 47 percent from the field while averaging 4.6 rebounds per game. Agudio was as Mike Litos called him "Antoine Agreatio", averaging nearly 23 points per game, 4 rebounds and 3 assists per game. As dynamic a duo Agudio and Jenkins were, there was not much other help on that Pride team and they struggled to a 12-18 season and a first round loss in the CAA Tournament.
However, for Agudio and Jenkins, there was much to be proud of for this Pride duo. Agudio would become the all time leading scorer in Pride history and was a first team All CAA Player for the second season in a row. Meanwhile Jenkins would be the CAA Rookie of the Year, a sign of things to come for the now reigning CAA Player of the Year and the two time Haggerty Award winner.
A little more than three years later, the dynamic duo would reunite as Hofstra again faced Holy Cross for the first time since that November 2007 game. This time, the game was back at the Mack Sports Complex. Agudio was in the crowd (seated third row behind the team bench) to watch as Jenkins received a special basketball by Coach Mo Cassara to commemorate him scoring his 2000th point vs. Manhattan last Saturday. Then Agudio got to watch as the Pride gave some payback to the Crusaders for that November 2007 game.
Hofstra struggled early on, as both of their starting frontcourt players, Greg Washington and David Imes, each picked up two fouls in the first six minutes of the game. Also, Crusader guard Mike Cavataio played excellent defense on Jenkins, who could not get a shot attempt off for the first twelve plus minutes of the game. Holy Cross would take a 10-8 lead as Jordan Stevens assisted on two Eric Obeysekere jumpers, the second a three pointer with 11:24 left in the first half.
But the Pride would respond by going to a smaller lineup, which included one Shemiye McLendon. McLendon would key a 16-0 run by Hofstra over the span of four plus minutes by hitting three 3 pointers in a row. Jenkins would also finally score on a three point play, courtesy of a Cavataio foul. Outback Brad Kelleher would cap the run with a layup to put Hofstra up to stay 24-10 with 7:10 left in the first half.
The last seven minutes of the half basically saw Hofstra hold serve. The Pride would take a 34-22 at halftime lead as they shot 50 percent from the field, 14 of 28 including 4 of 6 from beyond the arc. The most unusual thing was that Jenkins only took two field goal attempts in the entire first half, hitting both. A lot of credit was due to the defense by Cavataio. But Jenkins found other ways to contribute in the first half with three assists, three rebounds, a steal and two blocks, one of which where he swatted a layup attempt into the second row of seats behind the basket. No truth to the rumor that Jenkins was trying to purposely knock the ball into Mr Defiantly Dutch while he was tweeting "WORCESTER BIAS" during the game.
The second half started out much like the end of the first half. Mike Moore was fouled again on a successful three pointer. But unlike the game vs. Manhattan, Moore couldn't convert the four point play and missed the free throw, thus Hofstra was only up 41-29 with 16:46 left in the game. At that point, it looked like Hofstra was going to coast to a twenty point win.
But just like the game vs. Manhattan, the Pride saw their opponent make a run. Thanks to some terrific passing by Andrew Keister and Andrew Beinart, the Crusaders went on a 9-2 mini-spurt, capped by Keister making one of two free throws to cut the Hofstra lead to 43-38 with 12:55 left. A relatively large contingent of Holy Cross fans that made the trip started making a lot of noise as a result.
But as they did against the Jaspers, the Pride responded to the run with a three point barrage, with the barrage coming solely from the hands of Moore. Moore would hit three 3 pointers during a 21-7 run over the span of six minutes. With 6:43 left, the score was 64-45 Hofstra and all was left was to warm up the Crusaders bus. The Pride would eventually win the game 71-56.
But what was really impressive about the run was that Jenkins had very little to do with it from a scoring standpoint. Normally a one man wrecking crew in the latter twenty minutes of a game, Jenkins would only score eight points in the second half and thirteen total points on the night. He only had seven field goal attempts, though he hit all five of his free throws. However, the stat sheet stuffer did have six rebounds, five assists and those two blocks, including the Beach seeking guided cruise missile of a swat.
The Pride showed their balance as seven players had at least six points on the night. Moore led the way with 15 points, including his four three point bombs. The frontcourt duo of Washington and Imes combined for 18 points on 8 of 10 from the field. McLendon scored all nine of his points during that span of the first half, while Kelleher added 7 points and Dwan McMillan chipped in with 6 points. The Pride again were deadly from three, shooting 8 of 15, shot 47 percent overall from the field and were 11 of 14 from the line.
The Crusaders were held to 34.6 percent shooting from the field. They did though have three players in double figures as Keister had 12 points along with 8 rebounds, Stevens had 11 and Devin Brown added 10 points. The fifty six points scored by Holy Cross marked the ninth time out of eleven games on the season that Hofstra held an opponent to sixty three points or less.
It was the second game in a row where a Hofstra great took in one of Jenkins' games. Last Saturday night, Speedy Claxton was at Draddy Gym scouting Jenkins as he not only scored his 2000th point but then passed Claxton on the all time scoring list. Last night, it was Agudio who was in attendance. As Agudio watched from his third row seat from behind the Hofstra bench, I wonder if he thought at all about that November 10, 2007 game where he played with Jenkins for the first time in an actual game. Did Agudio know that his teammate would follow him as the next in a great line of Hofstra guards?
One thing is for certain. There were two fantastic guards there last night at the Mack Sports Complex. And they could play for my team anytime.
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Jet Airways hands over pink slips to 20 employees
- A Monitor Report 28 Oct, 2018 | 1274 Views|-+
Jet Airways group posted a net loss of Rs 1,326 crore in the three months ended June, compared with a net profit of Rs 58 crore in the year-ago period
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NEW DELHI: Naresh Goyal-promoted Jet Airways has given pink slips to 20 employees, including some senior-level executives, who were working in the airline's crucial in-flight services department, to curtail costs amid the severe cash crunch.
The employees received their job termination notices this month. The airline had recently asked 15 managerial level employees from various departments including engineering, security and sales, to leave the company.
The full service carrier, which is partially-owned by Abu Dhabi-based Etihad Airways, has delayed payment of salaries to its senior management, pilots and engineers due to its deteriorating financial health.
Jet Airways has been reducing staff since it announced the second consecutive quarterly loss in August. Job cuts stopped in September for a while, but have come back again this month.
Significantly, a decade back, Jet Airways had announced sacking of 1,900 employees, including 800 unconfirmed and under-probation employees, across all operations. This led to an uproar and chairman Goyal was not only forced to take back all the sacked employees over night, but also had to apologise.
When contacted, a Jet Airways spokesperson evaded a direct response to the queries on the issue but said, "Given the challenging macroeconomic conditions, Jet Airways continues to evaluate all initiatives including payroll optimisation, to achieve greater business efficiencies."
The airline also said that as part of routine course of business, it has a well-defined succession plan in place and is committed to create a competitive cost structure that ensures a sustainable future for itself and its stakeholders.
Jet Airways group posted a net loss of Rs 1,326 crore in the three months ended June, compared with a net profit of Rs 58 crore in the year-ago period.
Along with the June quarter results, the airline's board, during its meeting on August 27, had also considered various cost-cutting measures, debt reduction and funding options.
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Q: Can æ with a macron be obtained with the compose key? I have enabled the compose key using the standard GNOME [Compose][a][e] gives æ; [compose][-][a] gives ā; [compose][-][a][e] gives āe, and [compose][a][e][-] gives æ-; is it possible, however, to obtain æ with a macron as it is to obtain e.g. ā, ē, &c.?

A: Yes. One built-in way to do it is:
Compose followed by _ followed by æ => ǣ
But if you don't have æ easily accessible in the keyboard layout you are using, you can create an ~/.XCompose file as Characters writing mentioned and add for instance this line:
<Multi_key> <underscore> <a> <e> : "ǣ" U01E3 # LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON

At next login you should be able to do:
Compose followed by _ followed by A followed by E => ǣ

A: This is what I get by first typing an æ, then pressing control-alt-u, then typing 304, and then pressing space: ǣ. It looks better in some fonts than in others. It might be possible to get the compose key to work the way you suggest, but I haven't tried it. For that, I'd read the answers to this other question: How can I add a custom compose key sequence? I hope that's enough, otherwise I hope someone can read those answers and adapt them for this.
Edit: As Gunnar Hjalmarsson says, you could press control-shift U, type 1e3, then press space, and that would write ǣ without having to type the æ as a separate character.

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Ilario Alicante is an italian DJ and Producer that has been rocking the decks since the early 2000's. Ilario's rise has been nothing short of meteoric. A record-breaking Time Warp debut at the tender age of 15, acclaimed productions for Cocoon Recordings, Cécille Records and SCI + TEC Digital Audio, among many others.
We had the chance to speak with him ahead of his performance at Cosmo Festival in Italy.
Electronic Groove: Hi Ilario, thanks for chatting with us. We loved your 'Zenith' EP on Soma Records earlier this year, what have you been up to most recently and is there a forthcoming EP that you can reveal the details of?
Ilario Alicante: Hey, it's my pleasure! I have an EP on Cocoon that is coming out in the first week of 2017, two original tracks plus 2 stunning remixes from DJ Deep and Roman Poncet aka Adventice & Mark Broom. Then I have a solo EP on Adam Beyer's Drumcode label coming out in the first week of February. Last but not least, I've just started a new label called VIRGO which will be the main focus for me in 2017.
Electronic Groove: You're playing at Cosmo Festival at New Year in Rome, alongside heavyweights like Chris Liebing, Pan-Pot, Nina Kraviz, Monoloc, Loco Dice, Joseph Capriati and more. Do you adjust your sets depending on the lineup?
Ilario Alicante: I normally play what I feel without preparing anything… Of course there are some tracks which I am sure that I am going to play but I will go with what I feel in the moment.
Electronic Groove: How does it feel to celebrate the New Year in your home country?
Ilario Alicante: I love to play in Italy, it's my home country and the energy there is something really special and unique. When every record drops it feels like you're in a stadium, especially in Salone Delle Fontane (one of the venues where Cosmo Festival will happen).
Electronic Groove: Do you have any New Year resolutions music-wise?
Ilario Alicante: I just want to explore new musical horizons and for this I opened VIRGO, which will be the home base for my new stuff.
Electronic Groove: If you could name one track that has defined your year, what would it be?
Ilario Alicante: Not easy… There have been a lot of good tracks throughout the year. One of these is the 'Mark Broom edit of Floorplan – Never Grow Old'. It's an edit that Mark did for the colleagues and it works simply amazing.
Electronic Groove: Having recently started your label VIRGO, how do you balance your DJ career and all three of your labels?
Ilario Alicante: It's not easy, I tour a lot and especially in the summer season I don't have lot of time to manage everything in the best way, that's why I have a great team of people taking care of the releases. I decide the music that is going to be released but all the deals with the distributor, mastering, contracts, artwork, etc is managed by them.
Electronic Groove: Would you say your debut at Time Warp 15 years back was the breaking point in your music career? How did it change everything?
Ilario Alicante: Timewarp is one of the most important festivals of our scene and you can imagine how important it was for me to play there. But it really didn't change everything, it was just a part of the path of my career.
Electronic Groove: From DJing at such an early age, what has been the biggest learning curve?
Ilario Alicante: An important thing that I learned is that you have to speak less and work hard. I always try to let the music speak, I speak through the music. This scene sometimes has some "gossip" stuff which you have to stay far from… Apart from this, I've really played in almost every kind of situation, from a packed club to an empty one, from a festival with thousands of people to awkward situations.
This made my core, a DJ should read what is going on around and play the right music no matter where you are and how many people you have in front of you.
Electronic Groove: What do you think the key ingredient is to a successful label like Cocoon is?
Ilario Alicante: Of course the quality. Cocoon is releasing different kinds of techno but the thing that keeps it alive is the quality of the releases. I have to say there is a great team behind it with huge experience, this has helped the growth through the years.
Electronic Groove: What was the last piece of vinyl you bought? What is one record that never leaves your record bag?
Ilario Alicante: I just bought a new EP from Hector Oaks on his label OAK. Really good techno stuff. A record that never leaves my record bag is James Holden – '10101'. It's one of my favorite tracks ever and when I find the right moment, it's special for me to play it.
Electronic Groove: What are you most looking forward to in the New Year, either personally or professionally?
Ilario Alicante: My label VIRGO will be my main focus next year. I really want to work hard on it. To have a home base where you can be completely free to do the music you want, gives me lots of motivation and energy. Then I will continue touring and do what I love – play music. This is what makes me happy, trying to make people happy with the music.


There are a good number of places of interest and other visitor centers near Mount St Helens, operated by a number of other organizations and agencies. Although most of these would give evolutionary information, they are well worth visiting. Information on their entrance fees and opening hours are subject to change, so we recommend checking their websites, particularly in the off-season. For convenience, we have listed as many of these websites as we can. Most of the websites contain details about the opening hours and days, directions to get there, entrance fees, and telephone numbers.


text:
2017 Fighter Of The Year
By Michael Carbert · On January 7, 2018
Andre Ward
Winner: Srisaket Sor Rungvisai
At first glance, choosing 2017's Fighter Of The Year appears a vexing task. While we enjoyed a healthy number of excellent fights and terrific performances, this was another year when, one could argue, no single pugilist really put their stamp on the sport in an emphatic way. Inactivity, as in top fighters competing only once or twice per year, is a major factor in this, as is the general slow pace of making the most meaningful matches happen. Alas, "marinating" takes time, people.
Srisaket and Gonzalez rumble last March: Fight Of The Year runner-up.
But what all of the boxers listed above have in common is genuinely significant victories, wins over formidable opponents, wins which represent large building stones in the creation of lasting reputations and Hall of Fame legacies. What separates them is less obvious. But in the final analysis no one beat a better fighter than the one Srisaket Sor Rungvisai vanquished not once, but twice. No one scored a more resounding knockout. And thus, in truth, no boxer had a greater impact on the sport in 2017.
An emotional Rungvisai celebrates his huge upset win.
There's also the fact that in Rungvisai, or if you prefer, Wisaksil Wangek, we have a real-life "Rocky" story. Here is a young man who grew up in extreme poverty and struggled to survive on the streets of Bangkok. The fact he has put together any kind of successful boxing career is testament to extraordinary persistence and resolve. The hallmark of his success has proved to be supreme conditioning, aggression, physical strength, and raw power, along with a head butt or two. Like a pint-sized Thai version of another "Rocky," that being Rocky Marciano, Rungvisai just keeps moving forward and throwing big punches. Most thought that not enough to overcome the skills of Roman "Chocolatito" Gonzalez. How wrong we were.
A real life "Rocky."
Count me among those who felt the decision should have went the other way in the first Gonzalez vs Rungvisai match. But also count me among those who recognize that it was a very close fight, highly competitive, and that Rungvisai exceeded all expectations. Yes, a strong case can be made that "Chocolatito" deserved a better fate from the judges, but at the same time one must acknowledge that this was no "robbery," per se. Bottom line: the long-shot underdog proved he was anything but, proved he was for real, proved he belonged in the same ring with the boxer most regarded as the best in the sport, pound-for-pound.
Big right hands from the powerful Thai decided the rematch.
Then came the rematch and 2017's Knockout Of The Year. It was brutal and conclusive and, again, there simply isn't a more consequential win on the record of any other boxer active this past year. In the first fight with Gonzalez, the burly Thai showed he belonged, that he was a force to be reckoned with. But in the second, the naturally bigger man proved, beyond a doubt, that he was just too much for "Chocolatio," that he was a legit champion, and a rival to be reckoned with for any elite boxer competing south of featherweight.
Will we see Rungvisai celebrate some more in 2018?
So in the end, it's really not that vexing. He seemingly came out of nowhere to give "Chocolatito," and boxing fans, one of the best fights of recent years. He scored two wins over the man regarded by most as the best boxer on the planet. And he is the author of the most awesome and consequential knockout of 2017. Yes, strong cases can be made for others on our shortlist, but in the end, the choice isn't that hard to make. 2017's Fighter Of The Year is Srisaket Sor Rungvisai. — Michael Carbert
Andre WardBoxingChocolatitoFighter Of The YearGennady GolovkinGonzalez vs RungvisaiRoman GonzalezSrisaket Sor RungvisaiVasyl LomachenkoWisaksil Wangek
Pernell Whitaker: Gone Too Soon
Bobby "Boogaloo" Watts And The Philadelphia Middleweights
BT says: January 8, 2018 at 7:48 am
Miguel says: January 9, 2018 at 9:01 pm
Couldn't agree more. As I read here somewhere yesterday "lets give it to the man who beat The man" And there was only one of those in 2017, (and in what a manner did he beat The Man)
I actually feel a little guilty that I did not see this more clearly from the minute the question started to pop around with the years end, and actually considered others as better candidates… there's so many reasons in just those 2 fights to give him fighter of the year, that failing to recognize this immediately makes me feel…well, like an idiot. Great article, and thanks for making me feel like an idiot.


Features arcuate shoulder straps, Polyester Canvas Material with dynamic size adjustment for the perfect-fit with Silt Pocket.
Fully padded back panel with breathable mesh fabric, Arcuate Shoulder Strap, Soft Handle and Back.
Interior compartment, Computer Interlayer, Cell Phone Pocket, Interior Zipper Pocket, Interior Slot Pocket.


This Promax brake lever set includes a standard left hand brake lever and a locking right hand brake lever. The lock acts as a parking brake. Just press the button and you won't have to worry about your trike rolling away. This eliminates the need for the velcro strap parking brake that we supply with all trikes. We will install these on new trike orders for a fee or if you already have your trike we can ship the set to you aftermarket.
To set the parking brake, just squeeze the brake lever, press the button and release the lever. To disengage, simply squeeze the the brake lever again and the locking portion releases.
If you have any questions about this product by TerraTrike, contact us by completing and submitting the form below. If you are looking for a specif part number, please include it with your message.


text:
from influxdb import InfluxDBClient
import time
import os

class DBServer():
    def start_service(self, db_name='default'):
        os.system('service influxdb start')
        #self.client = InfluxDBClient('localhost', 8086, 'root', 'root', 'default')
	#self.client.create_database(db_name)

    def stop_service(self):
        os.system('service influxdb stop')

class DBClient():
    def __init__(self, host, port, db_name='default', worker_name='test', worker_id=-1, measure='neon'):
        self.db_name     = db_name
        self.worker_name = worker_name
	self.worker_id   = worker_id
        self.measure     = measure

	self.client      = InfluxDBClient(host, 8086, 'root', 'root', db_name)
	self.client.create_database(db_name)

	#self.client.switch_database(worker_name)
        self.cache = []

    def set_worker(self, worker_name, worker_id):
        self.worker_name = worker_name
        self.worker_id = worker_id

    def clear_cache(self):
	#print "cache cleared"
        self.cache = []

    def commit_cache(self, event, action, epoch=-1, batch=-1):
	json_body = {
            "measurement": self.measure,
            "tags": {
                #"host": "server01",
                #"region": "us-west"
            },
            "time": long(time.time()*1000),
            "fields": {
                "event": event,
                "action": action,
                "worker_name": self.worker_name,
		"worker_id": self.worker_id,
                "epoch": epoch,
		"batch": batch
            }
        }
	#print "committed"
	self.cache.append(json_body)

    def push_data(self):
	self.client.write_points(self.cache)
	#print "data pushed"
	self.cache = []
	return True

    def query_server(self, server_id):
        #data = self.client.query("SELECT * FROM WHERE server_id = " + server_id)
        data = self.client.query("SELECT * FROM " + self.measure)
	return data

    def clear_data(self):
        try:
            self.client.query("DROP MEASUREMENT " + self.measure)
        except:
            print 'No such measurement: ' + self.measure
            pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There is nothing important in a business like saving money. But all this will depend on the amount of money that goes out. If you spend lots of money in the business, you will have to get less profit from it. You must ensure that you do not use a lot of money in your business. For this reason, you will operate a business that runs without any problem. You must be able to cut cost of things that are important. You must always ensure that your business is protected at time. There are things you need to look into when you are trying to cut cost of everything.
You need to check on the well-being of your employees. You need to look into the health and well-being of your employees. You will see the growth of business by how the employees are treated Your employees need to work in healthy business organization. See to it that your business premises are looked after well. See to it that your employees get medical attention if, at all something happens, you can deal with it. Technology has brought about so many health pieces of equipment that may detect any form of sickness or discomfort to the employees. Scanning gadgets are some of the things that may detect one's health. By doing this, you can protect your business from any form of damages.
You need to ensure that you take good care of your clients. Ensure that your customer's data records are well secured. through this you will be able to save money from your business preventing you from experiencing any loss. You do not have to push your staff to do some work; they will always be working without problems since they have all the tools required with them. Failure to do that, you will have to pay for the missing records since you do not have them, hence experiencing loss of your business. Through this, you will be able to improve your business since your clients believe in you. You need to check into the security system that takes good care of your client's data same to your data.
You need to know of the different ways in which one can cut cost in the business. The other thing you need to do is to consider things like advertising. This will enable you have growth in your business ensuring good market for your business. You do not have to go use the complicated ways to market your business.


Who's lives matter more? Attackers or Mages?
Thank you for listening to me, to come back. And your welcome orkfia for convincing him. I'm pretty much the best person ever.
Thieves. They steal this question.
Why did Scarlet forgot to ask a question?
Also...everybody knows that Orkfia is an inside job perpetrated by the global elite in their attempts to install a global dictatorship and rob you of all your basic freedoms.
In other words, the Elite Zionist who run the world have also made their presence here in Orkfia... makes perfect sense. 1 Alliance to run the world!
Why did Spyro not ask a question?


Many parents share custody of their children, which presents a unique problem when it comes to potty training. It s best to discuss potty training and agree on a strategy before you start. Both parents need to be informed about potty training and have the necessary potty training aids.
To maintain consistency throughout the potty training process, it s best if both parents either share the potty training aids or purchase the same aids. This way your child will have a potty seat she is comfortable with at each parent s home.
Both parents need to use similar potty training methods so your child doesn't get confused. Make sure you are both informed and decide how you re going to handle potty training instruction, rewards, and accidents.
In some cases, the divorced or separated parents don t have a good relationship and this level of communication is not possible. If this is your situation, it may be easiest to pack your child s potty seat along with a note describing your potty training strategy (and any other necessary information) and send it with your child.


There is an adjustable current controller (Potentiometer) on Easydriver, try to change the current. The current varies from 150ma to 750ma.
HI..Have to check/edit your settings in grbl software according to your belt/lead screw pitch as shown in figure?
Yes it can plot Images too..
Got to the link below and follow the steps. http://blog.protoneer.co.nz/quick-grbl-setup-guide...I think the new version of Arduino is not competible with the old files/library of GRBL because now for new CNC machine, I am also getting an upload error.
Sorry for the late reply, I was really busy coudnt find time to reply early.I have just sent you grbl controller setup in email. Check your email.
How to build a hot end.


In this category you will find recipes and ideas, starting from the 1940's, and going all the way back to the 14th century. A number of these recipes were issued by the Ministry of Food as a post-wartime attempt at self-sufficiency. On Cookipedia, these recipes have the suffix (MoF). A large number of these recipes will not have been tried out for a while and I can give no guarantee of their outcome, however, they make good sense to me and have the backing of history. A large number of these recipes and comments are from a wonderful cookery book, Food in England - Dorothy Hartley which I can thoroughly recommend.
"The gypsies encase them in clay and bake them in their open fire. When cooked the case is broken off, bringing with it the prickles and the skin; it is like very tender chicken. But hedgehogs are completely harmless, and do en enormous amount of good in the fields and gardens by devouring snails and slugs. They become very tame, especially in dry weather, when they are glad of water. They are very fond of bread and milk, which trait has caused them to be accused of stealing it from cows - a complete fallacy. They also eat fallen fruit in the orchard, and are credited with rolling in it in order to carry it off on their backs. Thousands of these harmless little furze pigs are run over by motorists on the roadways at night; they do not bolt when frightened, but roll up , lie still and are crushed to death. No one should harm a hedgehog."
Some of the recipes might be strange or unusual but hopefully they will give you some ideas and inspiration.
Pages in category "Historic recipes"
Page modified 10:19, 13 April 2015.


text:
Большое Шевелево — название населённых пунктов.

Россия
 Большое Шевелево — деревня в Кирилловском районе Вологодской области.
 Большое Шевелево — деревня в Весьегонском районе Тверской области.
 Большое Шевелёво — бывшая деревня в Дорогобужском район Смоленской области.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
CHINA / POLITICS
EP hijacks EU members with report hyping enhanced 'economic ties' with secessionist Taiwan authorities
Wang Qi
Global Times reporter covering international affairs, cross-Straits relations and Chinese society; a captive of his experiences.
Published: Jul 06, 2022 11:22 PM
Taiwan Photo: Unsplash
The European Parliament (EP) once again is creating troubles for European countries by passing a report on the "Indo-Pacific Strategy in the Area of Trade and Investment," in which the EU's legislative body calls on EU members to promote economic ties with authorities on the island of Taiwan, especially in the semiconductor industry.
Chinese experts on Wednesday denounced the EP's "negative role" in China-EU ties, as it attempts to coerce European countries to contact with the secessionist Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) authorities in Taiwan in substance and to strategically include the island in the US-led anti-China supply chain.
Taiwan appeared eight times in the report passed on Tuesday, in which EU legislators urged the EU to launch a "structured dialogue" with Taiwan authorities on cooperating in the digital economy, highlighting cooperation in the semiconductor industry that the island is proud of, by signing a memorandum of understanding (MoU).
The EP also called on the EU to begin the process of "bilateral investment agreement" with the island and promote cooperation on "resilient supply chains" with the island. It also called for closer ties with Taiwan authorities in global health crisis and trading of medical supplies.
The report, in which the term "Taiwan" appeared 8 times, is the sixth "pro-Taiwan" document passed in the EP in 2022, according to Taiwan media. The previous five ranged from common security and defense police, and Indo-Pacific challenges.
Sun Keqin, a research fellow at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times on Wednesday that the Chinese government is not opposed to unofficial economic and trade relations between the island of Taiwan and Europe under the one-China principle. However, the EP's report exposed their intention of substantively developing relations with the island in forming US-led industrial chains that exclude the Chinese mainland.
Taiwan authorities held a trade and investment dialogue with the European Commission on June 2, exchanging views over topics like the semiconductor sector, supply chains and security, Taiwan-based media said, noting that the dialogue was usually held at "the deputy-minister" level in the past but it was upgraded to "minister level" with European Commission Director-General of Trade Sabine Weyand participating.
The EP has been removing its veil in developing substantial relations with Taiwan authorities since Lithuania allowed the island to open a representative office under the name of "Taiwan" in 2021, which is playing a negative role in the overall China-EU ties.
Legislators in the EP are elected from EU member countries with the rights to speak loud but rarely get constrained. Analysts said that although their roles at the EP do not represent the policies of their own governments, their stance over the Taiwan question represents a retreat from the EU's policy toward China as a whole, as the European Parliament is usually the first to test any moves that might worsen relations with China.
China and EU have barely had the Taiwan question on the table before, but things have changed, Cui Hongjian, director of the Department of European Studies at the China Institute of International Studies, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
As the Czech Republic, which is regarded as a "Taiwan-friendly" country in its congress, assumed EU Council presidency on July 1, the EU's route of developing ties with Taiwan authorities may not change in the short term, Cui said, "However, governments' specific decisions in EU members on Taiwan-related issues will vary from national interests."
In the report, China was described as "a partner for cooperation," but also "an economic competitor and a systemic rival in a number of areas."
Maybe the EU wants to reduce its dependence on the Chinese mainland, and maybe Europe wants to use Taiwan island as a bargaining chip to seek deals with the Chinese mainland in its favor, but that does not mean Europe's elites are dumb enough to think that Taiwan island, with 23 million people, can be a substitute for the mainland, with 1.4 billion people, Cui said.
On July 1, three major state airlines in the Chinese mainland announced the purchase of 292 Airbus jets worth $37 billion, a demonstration of mutually beneficial China-EU ties despite some political differences.
China-EU relations have been developing well and have brought huge benefits to both sides on a relatively solid basis, Sun said. "It is in the fundamental interest of both sides to develop economic and cultural cooperation and exchanges. Antagonism and confrontation against China are not necessarily in the interests of the EU, but of the US," he said.
European countries need to handle the Taiwan question rationally and prudently on the basis of the one-China principle and should not attempt to hollow out the one-China principle under the banner of "economy and trade," otherwise it will easily step over the red line, Sun said.
According to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, in 2021, China was the EU's largest trading partner, largest source of imports and third-largest export market. In 2021, China-EU trade totaled $828.11 billion, up 27.5 percent year-on-year.
European Parliament attempts to hijack real public opinion toward China in EU
The formation of public opinion in Europe toward China ends up in a vicious circle. The social and ...
US' trade talks with Taiwan authorities 'lack substance,' to 'squeeze more' from its pawn
Economic officials from the US and Taiwan island held their first meeting on Monday (US time) under the ...