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Ariva's East Collection offers an assortment of feminine, floral styles created for brides and bridal parties, like these delicate drops chosen by the Bridal Guide. Shop the full collection here: East.
To view a sneak peek of the Bridal Guide issue, visit www.bridalguide.com.


Have a question about Moreno Valley or Rancho Belago real estate? Want to talk about selling your home? Or, if you have any other questions or comments about real estate in Moreno Valley, then feel free to e-mail, text message or call me anytime.


text:
import { CSSModule } from '../index';

export interface PopoverBodyProps {
  tag?: React.ReactType;
  className?: string;
  cssModule?: CSSModule;
}

declare const PopoverBody: React.StatelessComponent<PopoverBodyProps>;
export default PopoverBody;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I have been a licensed driver for over fifty years and have never taken a refresher course. Recently there have been many new traffic lights installed here in Conception Bay South and many drivers appear to be confused with the highway regulations.
I live on a side street that has new traffic lights. As of this post the lights are flashing amber on the main highway and red on the side street. The following directions or regulations are copied from The newfoundland Labrador Highway Driving website.
Flashing Light Traffic Signals. … A flashing red signal means come to a complete stop and proceed only when it is safe. A flashing amber signal means to slow down and proceed with caution.
TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNALS A solid green light at an intersection means you may go straight ahead or turn right. If you want to make a left turn, you can proceed only after yielding right-of-way to pedestrians and oncoming traffic (motorists coming toward you through the intersection). A solid amber light means that the red signal is about to appear. You must stop your vehicle if you can do so safely; otherwise proceed through the intersection with caution. A solid red light means you must stop at the intersection and wait for the signal to turn green before proceeding. You may make a right turn providing you come to a complete stop and yield right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic before proceeding (unless a sign prohibits you from doing so). A green signal with a green arrow means you may proceed in the direction of the arrow, straight ahead, or turn right unless a sign prohibits you from making such a turn. When the arrow signal goes off, follow the rule for a solid green light. A red signal with a green arrow means you may proceed only in the direction of the arrow, after yielding right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic. When the arrow signal goes off, you must wait for the solid green light to appear before proceeding. A flashing amber signal means to slow down and proceed with caution. A flashing red signal means come to a complete stop and proceed only when it is safe. At some intersections, signs may prohibit a RIGHT turn. There may be occasions when, because of a collision or traffic congestion, a police officer may motion you to go through a red light. In such cases always obey the directions of the police officer.
Drive safely and watch out for falling rocks.


What's it really like to fly AirAsia?
Budget airlines are opening up more destinations to savvy, inquisitive travellers all the time. But when you're travelling with budget airlines, it's important to know what you're buying into before you step on the plane. Here's what we found flying AirAsia for the first time.
Travelling well is as much about managing your expectations as it is choosing the right place to go. Whether you're going full 5-star or 'adventure minimalist', a little bit of research beforehand will save you from shocks and surprises that can turn a vacation on its head.
And that's exactly how you've got to treat flying these days.
With budget cuts, fuel and airport fees, and an ever more competitive market, airlines – even the full-service ones – are changing their service levels. This means knowing what you'll be getting onboard will shape your holiday and let you prep for this stage properly.
First off, it's very important to remember that AirAsia is a budget airline. Flying AirAsia will not have the same bells and whistles you get with full-service airlines. However, some bells and a couple of whistles are still available. You will have to pay extra for them though.
What you get with your basic ticket is a seat and cabin luggage allowance. It's not much, but neither's the price of the ticket! From there, you can add extras on to your base fare.
Exactly like all other budget carriers, you can pay for checked luggage. You can also choose to prepay for things like food, the entertainment package or a pillow and blanket. It is cheaper to pay for these things before you complete your booking than after.
Alternatively, you can just take stuff onboard with you and save your money for when you're on the ground at your destination.
Service onboard is friendly – much friendlier than we were expecting. We've heard from friends that the staff efficiency bordered on brusque, but I think there have been some serious training sessions at AirAsia; we were made to feel very welcome.
However, it is a no-frills service no matter your seat selection, so if you want snacks, extra drinks, a blanket or pillow and you haven't pre-booked them, bring them with you.
AirAsia's booking system is a bit like a build-your-own pizza! You start off with the basic 'cheese and tomato' seat and hand luggage allowance, and from there you can add any 'topping' you want.
I was quite surprised by how customisable and flexible the system is. I'm sure other airlines have this too, but I've never seen it so easily accessible. They also have a good FAQ page.
From your basic seat and hand luggage, you can add a range of checked luggage amounts, entertainment, a meal, blankets and seating options from there. You can also add things like travel insurance and the airport-to-city shuttle bus service transfers.
There's also Optiontown, where you can pay to be in the running for some pretty cool upgrades. For a fee, you can enter the draw that gives you the chance to 'win' a FlatBed seat.
Otherwise, you can pay to be in the draw for an ESo – Empty Seat option. This means you could get a spare seat or even a whole row to yourself.
If you don't win, you get the money back a few days later.
Importantly, if you do buy into Optiontown, don't check in online before your upgrades have been confirmed either way. This can negatively impact your chances.
And as far as upgrading goes, you can still pay for FlatBed, Quiet Zone or Hot Seat options at check-in – or even when you board. I suppose AirAsia's message here is it's never too late!
Here's a quick rundown of the different seats available on AirAsia flights.
When we flew to Thailand with AirAsia, we had the new FlatBed seats they've had installed in their AirAsia X longhaul flights and new fleet of planes. These 12 seats recline electronically to either a comfy armchair or all the way back to an angled flat bed… hence the name!
You can fiddle with the controls to make the seat fit you. You can adjust the footrest's height and length, and the angle of the seatback independently, or you can just press the three preset buttons. It's very well designed.
The seats are also wider and there's enough room to stretch out, though your feet are under the seat in front when you're out flat. Still, the sealed units of each seat means it doesn't matter if the person in front is reclined or not – a perpetual fear of mine when I fly. I hate it when the person in front of me tries to feed me their headrest while I'm enjoying my inflight meal!
We both slept pretty much the whole 7-½ hour flight to Kuala Lumpur – AirAsia's hub city. The seats are still seats at the end of the day, not real beds like you see on business and first on full-service airlines. Even so, it's the first time I've flown like this and I've got to say, it'll be hard going back to a regular seat.
With your FlatBed seat also comes a complimentary bottle of water, a pillow and blanket. The blanket is more like a duvet and is awesome by the way. So soft and thick – It was one of the main reasons we slept so well.
You also get fed. The food is surprisingly good – even for aeroplane food. They serve you a Malaysian dish like a nasi dadang and chicken curry, Hainan chicken rice or nasi lemak. You choose these meals when you book your seat. If you upgrade last minute, these meals are subject to availability.
With the FlatBed seats, you also get 40kg luggage allowance, priority security, priority luggage claim, and priority check-in and boarding. The priority check-in and separate security line at Sydney was the best. I hate queuing in those lines.
However, it's important to remember this is not business class. There's no service during the flight other than the booze, mealtime, duty free and trash carts that go through the rest of the plane. Of course, as you're at the front of the aircraft, there's more of a chance to catch an attendant's eye – and they do get to you quicker than in the main cabin, but that's it.
To be honest I prefer that. We've both flown business class before and if you're trying to sleep, the constantly proffered food and drink (plus my greed of saying yes to all offerings) means I sleep a lot less than I expect to.
There are also no screens with the seats. If you've paid for entertainment, you get issued with an iPad where you can watch movies and play games from. Again, I prefer this too. If there's a choice of films to watch, I'll force myself to stay awake and watch as many as I can. This removes all temptation!
Directly behind the FlatBed section is the quiet zone. This area is separate from the rest of the plane, and has ambient lighting and a bit more legroom than the standard seats. It also acts a noise and foot traffic buffer to the FlatBed section.
You can add on a quiet zone seat for about $20 when you're booking.
These seats are in the standard seat and quiet zone section, and have extra legroom or are exit row seats. You also get priority boarding with them.
I'm not going to lie to you, these seats are pretty tight. There's not much space in front of you, and if – as Mrs Romance was – you're next to a passenger with an ugly case of 'manspread', you've got to pull out some moves to get comfy.
If you don't add on anything else to your standard seat ticket, I'd recommend adding the entertainment package as there's less chance of getting a good sleep in these seats. We flew in the standard seats on the domestic Thai flights and the short legs between Malaysia and Thailand.
The standard seats for these 1 – 2 hour flights are absolutely fine.
By the way, no need to worry about Mrs R; in the time it took to fly from Bangkok to Phuket, she'd sorted that manspread guy out good and proper!
Over all, our experiences onboard all 5 AirAsia flights were positive – even down to surprisingly smooth landings the pilots made.
If you're looking to save money on your flights and you can do without the free alcohol, movies, blankets and kids' care packs you get with full-service airlines, you can't really go past AirAsia.
And with a growing number of destinations they're flying to (around 120 cities in 28 countries), these guys are looking very viable.
Have you ever flown AirAsia? What do you think of the FlatBed and Quiet Zone seat options? Tell us on the comments.
Images by Mrs Romance using an OM-D E-M5 mark II Olympus camera. We travelled as guests of AirAsia.
Great review! I've never flown Air Asia but love the tips about the ballot and what the flat seats are like to sleep in. It reminds me of Jetstars star class, not quite business not economy not premium economy lol. So how did Mrs R get the manspread offender to stop?
It's a funny one, isn't it, Lorraine? That not-quite-business-but-not-premium-economy grey area. The flatbeds are definitely more comfortable than any economy seats I've ever had but I get the impression the beds you get in a first class service are roomier. The manspreader was lucky he had Mrs R sitting next to him and not me. And that she was there to stop me getting arrested. I was very unimpressed.
She cleverly just kept bothering him by pulling her bag out from under the seat in front of her and making him move until he spread into the aisle. I watched with some glee as his knees got smashed by every trolley and passenger going past. The stupid thing is if he'd sat up properly, his legs would've fit in there with no problem.
I think there's a post in this on how to deal with manspread. It's a plague. I hate it and makes me cringe every time I see it happening.
Absolutely, please do a video or blog about how to deal with manspread! It's a real problem! I mean not one of the world's biggest problems but a day to day annoyance at least! I would love to get tips from a guy. your Mrs R is a clever lady dealing with it that way.
Lol! Do it, Sarah. It's pretty good. Booking the flatbeds straight off costs around $1000 each without fees and taxes etc. But the upgrades only cost around $100 to apply for. And upgrading at check-in is about $400. Depending on how much you've paid for your initial ticket, it's often about the same price as a regular economy ticket by the end of it. Good hunting!
Interesting! I haven't flown Air Asia before but those flat beds look great to me. And I'd also probably get a lot more sleep in a flat bed if I wasn't in a real business class where the food and drinks keep on coming (not that there's anything wrong with that!).
A very good one to know about. Thanks for sharing.
Airasia KL to Penang and never had a problem. Almost all flights were on time or with only a ten minute or so delay, seats, meals and baggage were as ordered.
Hi Dawn. Glad you had a good experience with AirAsia too. If you're looking for a no-frills option for getting around SE Asia, these guys offer just that and seem to deliver a lot more besides. We were really quite impressed with the service on the whole.
My first flight with air Asia from Bangkok to KL. The worst airline, even worse than united. First, they will separate your kids seats from you in order to charge you more fee for the seat change and not just one. They will place you in seats that all of you have to change into empty rows. We are talking about minor 8 years old not being seated with care taker or parent not teenagers. It is just wrong for me. It is safety that they don't care. Understand being budget airline but being cheap airline and leave the safety of kids out is just wrong for me. My kid was Air sick and had the bag under his Chin part of the flight. No flight attendant asked if we would need anything. Worse, one of them told me to move while I was standing tending my kid not to throw up on the floor. I was standing in his seat space and not in aisle. She kind of little push me away so that she can move the drink cart. Not even showing sympathy or offering help.
Hi Wilai. Wow – sounds like you had a really bad time of it. I hope you made a formal complaint about the whole incident. Especially because of the way your children were treated. On all flights I've ever been on (not just AirAsia) the attendants' priorities have always been with minors, the elderly or people who need help. It's kind of their job, right? I hope nothing like this ever happens to you again. Our experiences with this company were really quite positive – plus we were travelling as a couple and no kids. Thanks for talking about your experience though. Appreciate it.


The Presbyterian Church in Morristown strives to nourish faith development mentally, emotionally and spiritually. Adult Education classes cover a wide variety of interrelated topics including history, current events, theology and church activism. Guest speakers, short articles, discussion guides, videos and group discussion are common tools used to explore faith.


MRT will meet for their initial 2019 meeting on March 13, 2019 at 2:00 p.m. in the Presbytery office. If you are a member of the team, an email is being sent, 2-8-19, to provide you with Zoom information in case you cannot be here in person. Participation through Zoom can be via phone or video connection. If you have any questions, please contact us.


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Home > Lifestyle > McCrorey Heights: The Neighborhood that Shaped Charlotte
McCrorey Heights: The Neighborhood that Shaped Charlotte
By Tonya Jameson
Tom Hanchett is supposed to be retired, but the longtime Charlotte historian keeps finding stories to tell. At the moment, he's set his attention on the historic McCrorey Heights neighborhood in west Charlotte.
The interstates and urban renewal decimated most of Charlotte thriving Black communities, in the name of progress and at the expense of Black livelihood. Today, gentrification threatens to erase what's left. On Charlotte's west side, look-alike craftsman homes sprout like dandelions, and McCrorey Heights could fall next. The neighborhood was home to influential Black Charlotteans who shaped this city. Dorothy Counts lived there, and so did the Rev. J.A. Delaine. Both played critical roles in the desegregation of schools.
McCrorey Heights, near Johnson C. Smith University, doesn't usually get the same attention as long-gone neighborhoods such as uptown's Brooklyn. Maybe, because it's on the west side. Or maybe because it's still a thriving Black middle-class neighborhood. In Charlotte, we tend to wait until something's gone to recognize it. Then we mourn the loss of yet another piece of the city's culture, and move on. We call it growth, but it really keeps us stagnant. All of the shiny new things make Charlotte look like any other midsized town, USA.
"There are so many more neighborhoods that have been completely overlooked, like Reid Park," said longtime freelance videographer Ken Koontz.
He is working with Hanchett to video interviews with McCrorey Heights residents. Koontz describes the tendency of white developers and government to take Black-owned land for eminent domain – Black owned, white stolen and then Black rented.
Maybe, McCrorey Heights can be different. Maybe. Like the old gospel song, there are efforts to give flowers to the living, and McCrorey Heights is still living. Since resigning from the Levine Museum of the New South in 2015, Hanchett has returned to his roots – studying older neighborhoods. He and his wife, school board member Carol Sawyer, created a website detailing the history of the inhabitants of the houses in McCrorey Heights. He is documenting the community's history in case neighborhood leaders apply to get McCrorey Heights listed on the National Register of Historic Places Beyond that, Hanchett just likes a good story, and McCrorey Heights is full of them.
"It kind of got me back to what I was doing when I came to Charlotte," said Hanchett, who has been documenting the neighborhood for two years. "It's great to dig into a place and try to put the pieces together."
Former JCSU president the Rev. H.L. McCrorey founded the neighborhood in 1912. He bought land and sold parcels to staff and administrators at the college. It developed the most in the early '50s and '70s, according to Hanchett's website about the neighborhood. McCrorey Heights' residents were leaders in Charlotte and regionally. Counts, who was one of the students who desegregated Harding High, grew up on Patton Avenue. On the corner of Patton and Clifton Street is one of the first houses designed by former mayor Harvey Gantt when he was known more for architecture than for politics.
"We really just didn't know about how involved our parents and other people in the neighborhood were with change in the city of Charlotte," said McCrorey Heights neighborhood association president Natalie Kennedy Beard.
Kennedy Beard was featured in a Charlotte magazine story earlier this year, "McCrorey Heights: The Neighborhood of Firsts." She grew up there, and remembered it as a fun, tight-knit community. When she returned decades later as an adult, she began to learn about the pivotal role her neighbors played in civil rights history. Whereas Beard talked about the people and the community, Hanchett focused on the homes.
He shared the neighborhood's story street by street. There are about 160 custom brick ranch homes lining those streets. He starts with Madison Avenue, the street where Counts grew up. It was also home to Charles Bell, who filed school desegregation lawsuits before Brown v. Board, and participated in bus sit-ins before Rosa Parks' famous arrest. Reginald Hawkins lived there, too. He led a series of protests that helped desegregate establishments in the city, but he is most known for his work that partially resulted in Swann V. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, which led to busing to desegregate schools.
"The people stories are really important, but I look at the totality of the neighborhood," Hanchett said.
The totality of McCrorey Heights is that this storied community deserves preservation and recognition. It deserves more than to be seen as just another neighborhood convenient to uptown, renamed to make it sound cooler and hipper to new residents, who have no connection to the sacrifices and fortitude of its previous residents.
black, charlotte, Charlotteans, Community, gentrification, historic, johnson c smith university, Ken Koontz, McCrorey Heights, neighborhoods, Tom Hanchett, Wesley Heights
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How One Woman is Fighting to Close the Racial Gap in Health Care

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Here are but a few of the effective strategies defense attorneys have deployed when cross-examining me in criminal trials, replete with sometimes painful transcripts.
CROSS: As I understood your testimony, you indicated that you became involved at some point in providing assistance related to condemnation matters, correct?
ASB: Right-of-way land acquisition and relocation with the possibility of condemnation.
CROSS: That's a yes then?
CROSS: And so in that capacity you also did not work in real estate sales, correct?
CROSS: Now, as part of the county attorney's staff, you work with the prosecutor, correct?
CROSS: You are familiar with their theory of the case, correct?
CROSS: And you know what it is that the prosecutor wants you to say here in court, correct?
ASB: He wants me to say the truth.
The above excerpted transcript is a good example of "getting you to 'yes'." In several of the trials in which I testified — typically as a de facto financial analyst for documents previously introduced — defense counsel would lead me through a series of seemingly innocuous questions that prompted "yes" answers, and then they would slip in a question that included a conclusion or characterization (or even an outright misstatement). They'd then finish with, "Correct?" It's very easy to get into the momentum of repeatedly saying "yes" and many people have an innate desire to please. As simplistic as this sounds, it's always very important to listen to each word of each question and to answer truthfully and accurately. Many times I've had to respond, "I cannot answer with a simple yes or no to the question as it has been phrased."
The questioning about my employment also demonstrates a line of cross that's designed to imply my bias in favor of the prosecutor. Typically the prosecutors who have called me have simply asked me that question on direct to diffuse the subject's impact.
CROSS: By the way, with regard to the $96 amount there in the itemized list, did you find a record of that payment?
ASB: I do not recall finding a record of that payment in the bank records I reviewed.
CROSS: What about the outside bidder fee down at the bottom, $100?
ASB: I can't speak to that. I do not remember whether or not I found one or not. I don't believe I did.
CROSS: Was it important to you whether those payments were verified or not? In reviewing the documents?
ASB: It was important for me to be thorough in my search.
CROSS: But on Direct we only talked about certain amounts. We didn't talk about this $100 fee and whether you found it. But now we know that you didn't find it, correct?
ASB: I don't know if I did find it or not. As I sit here today, I have to say that.
CROSS: Ms. Simmons-Brown, if you don't know what goes into an Affidavit of Amounts Owing, how do you know if it is a lie or not a lie?
CROSS: Answer is you don't know if it is a lie or not, do you?
CROSS: The answer would be that you don't know if it is a lie or not because you don't know what is supposed to go into those documents as a legal matter, correct?
ASB: I'm not sure I can answer that question. To me a lie is something that is not true as opposed to something that does not belong in a document.
These might be innocent holes that don't have much bearing on the facts of the case, but they might reveal an inconsistency with another witness' statement or your own statements on direct. I testified in a trial for a mortgage fraud case involving kickbacks on house purchases (State of Minnesota v. D. Walthall, July 2008, transcript not available).
I was in the home stretch when the defense counsel came up and showed me one of the State's exhibits. This was a listing sheet that showed an original price very close to the purchase agreement price, potentially torpedoing the State's assertion that the price had been inflated to build in the kickback. After almost fainting, I was able to recall and testify that the list price had been twice reduced by the time the defendant signed the purchase agreement — he built the kickback into the transaction by jacking the purchase price up to its original list price.
CROSS: Ms. Simmons-Brown, you don't have a degree in accounting, do you?
CROSS: And you are not an attorney, correct?
CROSS: So, you don't have a legal opinion about what the amounts would properly be an Affidavit of Amounts Owing, correct?
REDIRECT: Mr. (Defense Counsel) asked you on a number of occasions, if you knew what was supposed to be included in an Affidavit because you weren't a lawyer. Now, Ms. Simmons-Brown, I know you are not a lawyer but have you ever been under the impression that it was okay to tell lies in an Affidavit?
REDIRECT: You have to be a lawyer to know that?
REDIRECT: Counsel, back to you.
The above are two examples of the standard-issue attempts to minimize the impact of my testimony by either minimizing credentials or highlighting the lack thereof.
CROSS: Ms. Simmons-Brown, the only difference between Exhibit 57 and the document you have, that follows Exhibit 30j, is the handwriting and the gray scale between the lines, correct?
CROSS: Can you point to me the difference?
ASB: As you've indicated, there is no handwritten marginalia on Exhibit 57. The PCI logo, which is part of the State's exhibit 30j, is in the upper margin in the center of the document, whereas the PCI logo for your Exhibit 57 is to the left-hand margin. Furthermore, the ZIP code of (the subject property) appears on its own line, whereas in 30j the city, state and ZIP code appear on one line. Underneath that in your exhibit, there is the notation "Customer ID" and then on the next line there is the number "[EX47395]", whereas on the State's exhibit, "Customer ID [EX47395] is all on one line.
CROSS: Okay. So what you just described relates to the heading on the documents and not the numbers that are contained therein, correct?
ASB: I have not reviewed the documents contained therein. You asked if I recognized the document you were presenting as Exhibit 57, and I did not.
This shows how Cross-Examination 101 can be honored more in the breach than the observance, and shows the dangers of setting up an argument with a witness. In fact, I was surprised that defense counsel allowed me to rattle on as long as I did.
The final excerpt demonstrates several of the concepts detailed above when cross is done right, much to my discomfort.
CROSS: Now, you're saying that a $1,500 withdrawal came out of the (victim's bank account) 12 hours before that $600 deposit was made, correct?
CROSS: So we don't have a matching deposit from the withdrawal from (victim's bank account). In other words, we don't see a $1,500 deposit on that day, do we?
CROSS: And you're saying, then, without that $600, there would have been a bounce, right?
ASB: There would not have been sufficient funds to clear the check.
CROSS: Would you be surprised to know that there was a $1,000 overdraft protection on that account?
ASB: I was unaware of that.
CROSS: So your conclusion about anything bouncing without that $500 is just a guess.
ASB: That is a guess.
CROSS: Why didn't you look at the overdraft stuff?
ASB: I was instructed to analyze documents in a certain way. I did not — I did not look at the account opening documents to see if there was any overdraft protection.
CROSS: Kind of an omission then, huh?
Good criminal defense attorneys can, through their cross-examinations, make me feel like a complete idiot. I love that. It keeps me on my toes as a CFE, and it keeps the criminal justice system meaningful.
For the uninitiated, witness prep (shorthand, of course, for witness preparation) is a standard practice in which civil and criminal trial attorneys meet with all the witnesses they've subpoenaed to testify in their cases. They review the cases and the witnesses' anticipated testimony, and ... do that, over and over and over again.


Artist impression of cycling track to be built on playing fields at St Thomas a Becket Catholic Secondary School in Sandal.
Plans to build a new cycle track, which will be used by riders from across Yorkshire, have been approved.
The Bishop Konstant Multi Academy Trust submitted an application to build a 1.1km closed track on playing fields at St Thomas a Becket Catholic Secondary School in Sandal.
The state-of-the-art circuit will be used by more than 4,500 pupils within the trust, as well as cycling and disability groups.
Outside of the school term times, the facility can be used by members of the public.
British Cycling designed the layout of the circuit and will fund 50 per cent of the project.
British Cycling's director of coaching, education and development John Mills said: "Traffic-free, closed-road circuits such as the one planned for Wakefield provide ideal opportunities for people to develop a passion for cycling in a safe environment.
Construction work on the track is expected to start in the next couple of weeks and it is scheduled to open towards of the end of 2016.
Bishop Konstant Catholic Academy Trust chairman David Wright said: "We aim to provide the highest standards of education possible for all our children and regard education to be of the whole person.
"The cycle track is a wonderful example of how we can bring this mission to life.
St Thomas a Becket Catholic Secondary School principal John Rooney said: "Schools have a huge responsibility in educating young people for life.
"As a public amenity the closed road circuit will encourage greater and lifelong involvement in active and healthy lifestyles for, not only, the school age young people of Wakefield but for the wider community too.
"Cycling makes a huge contribution to reducing congestion, improving air quality, promoting a healthy lifestyle and providing an alternative and sustainable form of transport.
The plans were approved by the council's planning and highways committee at a meeting on Thursday.


During the summer of 2011 a few college buddies at Syracuse University took a break from their MBA studies.
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Here's the deal. You've got clam people and you've got oyster people. Now a clam chowder, rich with cream and potatoes can be downright yummy. Oyster chowder on the other hand, elevates the dish to its apotheosis. This collection of oyster chowders proves the point with recipes that include fresh oysters, smoked oysters, bacon, spinach, stout, corn, cauliflower, shrimp, crab, snapper, and even get this: clams! Dig into the best collection of oyster chowder recipes from your favorite magazines, cookbooks, chefs and food blogs, right here.
Your Oyster Recipe of the Day: Stout, Oyster and Bacon Chowder. Here it is again–oysters and beer! Some couples were just meant to be together.


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Бреј Бернар () насеље је и општина у западној Француској у региону Поату-Шарант, у департману Де Севр која припада префектури Партне.

По подацима из 2011. године у општини је живело 472 становника, а густина насељености је износила 57,21 становника/-{km²}-. Општина се простире на површини од 8,25 -{km²}-. Налази се на средњој надморској висини од 210 метара (максималној 221 -{m}-, а минималној 159 -{m}-).

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 База података: -{Insee}-
 Breuil-Bernard на страници Националног географског института Француске
 Breuil-Bernard на страници организације -{INSEE}-
 Најближа насеља (километража, правац и координате)
 План насеља Breuil-Bernard на мапи (-{Mapquest}-)

Департман Де Севр у Француској
Википројект географија/Насеља у Француској

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I will admit that the 2nd week really flew by. A HUGE improvement we made was how we did meal prep. We would plan the week by prepping for a few days and and writing post in notes on the days that we had to buy fresh groceries along with what meals we had to prepare for the following couple days. This saved us a lot of stress during the week and a lot of money on not wasting food. Especially that we are eating fresh fruit every morning, things just need to be fresh!
Another food prep tip is buying a big tub of lettuce (spring mix...whatever) and put the salad toppings in mason jars so you can just grab and go throughout the week.
Results are I am now down 8 pounds and staying strong through week 3! I really thought I would be bitchy without caffeine and without alcohol but surprisingly I am just so happy and mentally thinking clearly! I have found strength that I did not know I had through the yoga in the morning (ummmm Warrior 3...hello!) It is challenging and helping me build muscles I swear I have never worked before. My balance has improved significantly, especially given that I have a week right glute. Yoga has also helped with my neck flexibility as when I sleep on my stomach sometimes, my head always had to be to one side. Now I can face my head left or right without pain!
So...last week and I can't help but say this has only made Amanda and I closer and stronger together by sharing this journey!


text:
Сехемра Уахкау Рахотеп — фараон Древнего Египта, правивший приблизительно в 1622—1619 годах до н. э. Представитель XVII династии (Второй переходный период).

Артефакты правления

Сехемра Уахкау Рахотеп провёл восстановительные работы в храме Мина в Коптосе и храме Осириса в Абидосе. В своём коптском декрете царь — после описания того, как «врата и двери» его «отца Мина» пришли в упадок, — многозначительно сообщает: «Никогда вещи не разрушались в моё правление <…> из числа вещей, сущих исстари». Имя Рахотепа приводится в Карнакском царском списке. Однако нельзя быть уверенным, что именно его фиванская гробница упоминается в известной «истории о призраке» позднего Нового царства; царское имя в этом тексте, которое прежде читалось как «Рахотеп», вероятно, является искажённой формой престольного имени царя XI династии Небхепетра Ментухотепа.

Имена Рахотепа

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
  (фр.)

Фараоны XVII династии


The New Hampshire Mental Health Board has sent me a "communication of alleged misconduct." What happens now?
After you receive a communication of alleged misconduct, you will likely be asked for a preliminary response. It is usually best to speak with counsel before sending your preliminary response. Counsel will assist you in preparing the response and understanding the nature of the allegations. There are time constraints involved with your response, so reach out to counsel swiftly.
Your preliminary response gets reviewed by the Board and it either gets dismissed or investigated. The communication of alleged misconduct becomes a formal complaint if sent to the investigation stage. Just because it is a formal complaint does not mean that the Board has determined the allegations are true. To become a formal complaint, the Board considers whether, if true, the allegations would support a violation of applicable law or ethics. If a formal complaint, the Board determines the scope of the investigation and an investigator is assigned. An attorney can provide you with assistance through the investigative process.
After the investigation, a Report of Investigation (ROI) is prepared. The ROI is an outline of the facts of the case, including a legal analysis of whether or not the investigation has sustained the violations cited by the Board. The Board Investigator reviews the ROI to ensure the impartiality and accuracy of the investigation. Following the Board Investigator's review of the ROI, it is given to the Board for its review and consideration.
Issue a Notice of Hearing (Adjudication).
Adjudicatory hearings are open to the public. Complainants may be allowed to intervene as a party. At the hearing, the Board hears oral testimony and evidence presented by both parties. After the hearing, the Board deliberates in non-public session and issues a written Adjudicatory Order stating whether a violation has occurred and what discipline is imposed. The Board order may also dismiss the case as unfounded. The Board's Order is a public document.
If you have received a communication of alleged misconduct, contact us today for a free initial consultation.


HAVE YOU BEEN WONDERING WHAT MIGHT BE GOING ON WITH YOUR DOG?
DVD shipping to AU and NZ unavailable at this time, please buy this valuable video as Watch Instantly here.
April has the ability of being able to easily listen to what dogs have to say and then explaining to their owners how to help them release any energetic blocks your dog might have. In her videos, she walks you through and explains how to help stretch and release these areas yourself. Perhaps better than a description just watch this sample from her new video to better understand what April is offering for your dog's health and comfort.
Has your dog been diagnosed with hip dysplasia?
Does your dog run with both hind legs coming thru together at same time?
When your dog sits does it sit straight on both haunches or does it drop to one side but?
Does your dog have a hard time jumping up into car on or bed when it used to be easy?
Does your older dog have a hard time getting the hind end up off the floor?
These are all signs that this type of bodywork can help your dog be more comfortable in their body.
April takes you thru step by step of how to unwind your dogs musculoskeletal frame with soft effective techniques.
This is not Chiropractic and does not replace your normal Veterinary care.


text:
/**
 * Test dependencies
 */
const exec = require("child_process").exec

const test = require("tape")

const utils = require("./utils")
const cssnext = require("..")

/**
 * CLI tests
 */
const input = utils.readFixture("cli")
const output = utils.readFixture("cli.expected")

// node bin is used to help for windows
const cssnextBin = "node dist/bin"

test("cli", function(t) {
  let planned = 0

  exec(
    cssnextBin +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.css" +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.output--io.css",
    function(err) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      const res = utils.readFixture("cli.output--io")
      t.equal(res, output, "should read from a file and write to a file")
      utils.remove("cli.output--io")
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.css" +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli/output--io.css",
    function(err) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      const res = utils.readFixture("cli/output--io")
      t.equal(
        res,
        "body {\n  color: #e00;\n  background: url(../url);\n}\n",
        "should rebase url"
      )
      utils.remove("cli/output--io")
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  exec(cssnextBin + " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.css", function(err, stdout) {
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }
    t.equal(
      stdout,
      output, "should read from a file and write to stdout"
    )
  })
  planned += 1

  const childProcess = exec(cssnextBin, function(err, stdout) {
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }
    t.equal(stdout, output, "should read from stdin and write to stdout")
  })
  childProcess.stdin.write(new Buffer(input))
  childProcess.stdin.end()
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.dont-exist.css",
    function(err, stdout, stderr) {
      t.ok(
        err && err.code === 1,
        "should return an error when input file is unreadable"
      )
      t.ok(
        utils.contains(stderr, "Unable to read file"),
        "should show that the input file is not found"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 2

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.error.css",
    function(err, stdout, stderr) {
    t.ok(err && err.code === 2, "should throw an error")
    t.ok(
      utils.contains(stderr, "encounters an error"),
      "should output a readable error")
    t.ok(
      utils.contains(
        stderr,
        "If this error looks like a bug, please report it here"
      ),
      "should show the url where to report bugs"
    )
  })
  planned += 3

  exec(
    cssnextBin +
      " --config src/__tests__/fixtures/config.json" +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/config.css",
    function(err, stdout) {
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }
    t.equal(
      stdout,
      utils.readFixture("config.expected"),
      "should read config file on --config"
    )
  })
  planned += 1

  const noCustomPropInput = ":root{--foo:bar}baz{qux:var(--foo)}"
  const childProcessBrowsers = exec(
    cssnextBin + " --browsers \"Firefox >= 31\"",
    function(err, stdout) {
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }
    t.equal(stdout, noCustomPropInput, "should have a --browsers option")
  })
  childProcessBrowsers.stdin.write(new Buffer(noCustomPropInput))
  childProcessBrowsers.stdin.end()
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin +
      " --verbose src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.css" +
      " src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.output--verbose.css"
    ,
    function(err, stdout) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      t.ok(utils.contains(stdout, "Output written"), "should log on --verbose")
      utils.remove("cli.output--verbose")
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --no-import src/__tests__/fixtures/import.css",
    function(err, stdout) {
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }
    t.equal(
      stdout,
      utils.readFixture("import"),
      "should not import on --no-import"
    )
  })
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --no-url src/__tests__/fixtures/url.css",
    {cwd: process.cwd()},
    function(err, stdout) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      t.equal(
        stdout,
        utils.readFixture("url/dep"),
        "should not adjust url on --no-url"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --compress src/__tests__/fixtures/compress.css",
    function(err, stdout) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      t.equal(
        stdout.trim(),
        utils.readFixture("compress.default.expected").trim(),
        "should compress on --compress"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --sourcemap src/__tests__/fixtures/sourcemap.css",
    function(err, stdout) {
      if (err) {
        throw err
      }
      t.ok(
        stdout
          .indexOf("/*# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,")
          > -1
        ,
        "should add sourcemap on --sourcemap"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 1

  const toSpace = require("to-space-case")
  const toSlug = require("to-slug-case")
  const features = Object.keys(cssnext.features)
  const no = "--no-" + features.map(function(feature) {
    return toSlug(feature)
  }).join(" --no-")
  features.forEach(function(feature) {
    const slug = toSlug(feature)
    const featureOutput = utils.readFixture("features/" + slug)
    exec(
      cssnextBin + " " + no +
        " src/__tests__/fixtures/features/" + slug + ".css",
      function(err, stdout) {
        if (err) {
          throw err
        }
        t.equal(
          stdout,
          featureOutput,
          "should not modify input of '" + toSpace(feature) +
            "' fixture if all features are disabled"
        )
      }
    )
  })
  planned += features.length

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --watch",
    function(err, stdout, stderr) {
      t.ok(err && err.code === 3,
        "should return an error when <input> or <output> are missing when " +
          "`--watch` option passed"
      )
      t.ok(
        utils.contains(stderr, "--watch option need"),
        "should show an explanation when <input> or <output> are missing when" +
          " `--watch` option passed"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 2

  exec(
    cssnextBin + " --watch src/__tests__/fixtures/cli.css",
    function(err, stdout, stderr) {
      t.ok(
        err && err.code === 3,
        "should return an error when <output> is missing when `--watch`" +
          "option passed"
      )
      t.ok(
        utils.contains(stderr, "--watch option need"),
        "should show an explanation when <output> is missing when `--watch` " +
          "option passed"
      )
    }
  )
  planned += 2

  t.plan(planned)
})


text:
https://www.nist.gov/publications/background-and-review-cavity-enhanced-spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion
Background and Review of Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
Oliver T. Slattery, Lijun Ma, Kevin Zong, Xiao Tang
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal has been a workhorse for the generation of entangled and correlated single-photon pairs used for quantum communications applications for nearly three decades. However, as a naturally broadband process, the ability of SPDC to interface with the very narrow energy transitions in atomic ensembles for implementing quantum memories, which are needed for quantum repeaters to extend the reach of quantum communications, was initially limited. To overcome this limitation, the process was enhanced by placing the nonlinear crystal inside a resonating cavity. This modified process has some important advantages, including narrowing the spectral linewidth of generated photons into brighter resonant modes of the cavity, and the ability to lock the desired mode of the cavity to the targeted transition frequency of the atomic ensemble. This paper presents an overview of the principle of cavity- enhanced SPDC, a review of works to date using this technique, and an example of one of these implementations.
Journal of Research (NIST JRES) -
NIST Pub Series
Journal of Research (NIST JRES)
Pub Type
NIST Pubs
https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.124.019
cavity-enhanced SPDC, quantum communications, spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Quantum information science and Quantum communications
Slattery, O. , Ma, L. , Zong, K. and Tang, X. (2019), Background and Review of Cavity-Enhanced Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion, Journal of Research (NIST JRES), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.124.019 (Accessed January 31, 2023)
Additional citation formats
Created August 21, 2019, Updated March 1, 2021


Why install air conditioning into commercial premises?
Staff are inclined to be more productive and visitors feel more comfortable.
Cost effective commercial air conditioning solutions provide both heating and cooling.
Temperature-critical areas such as server rooms and IT suites need climate control to function correctly.
Reduction in energy consumption reduces costs and damage to the environment.
Split System – An indoor unit (mounted on a wall, ceiling or floor) linked to an outdoor unit by a pair of small diameter copper pipes contained in an insulating jacket. These systems re-circulate the air in the room, whilst cooling or heating it to the required temperature.
Multi-Split System – A number of indoor units individually controlled by a single outdoor unit. An ideal way to serve a number of areas whilst minimising the space required for outdoor units.
VRF System (Variable Refrigerant Flow) – The ultimate in flexibility. The most recent and refined development of the split systems, up to 50 indoor units can be connected to a single large outdoor unit, which responds proportionately to the number of indoor units operating, in either heating or cooling. The VRF system offers a year-round solution to indoor climate control with unrivalled flexibility and energy efficiency.
The Enhanced Capital Allowance Scheme (ECA) is a key part of the Government's programme to manage climate change. It provides businesses with enhanced tax relief for investments in equipment that meets published energy saving criteria. Please note that the eligibility criteria changed on 8th October 2010 in some technology areas. This resulted in the removal of some previously listed products/technology areas.


If you are planning on doing a lot of burnouts, drifting or racing, this is the sort of stuff you need! The reliable and highly competitive KAAZ differential has proven it's worthiness in professional racing vehicles all over the world. Don't settle for anything less than the industry leading KAAZ Limited Slip Differential.
GEAR OIL Not Included in some applications!


text:
Enrique Navarro Abuja fue un militar español que participó en la Guerra Civil Española.

Biografía
Perteneció al arma de infantería. Realizó estudios en la Escuela Superior de Guerra de Madrid, donde se diplomó en Estado Mayor.

Ya en 1924 fue habilitado para poder servir en el Regimiento de Carros de Combate.

Al comienzo de la contienda ostentaba el rango de Teniente coronel. A comienzos de 1937 pasó a mandar la 2.ª División, que estaba destinada en el Frente de la Sierra de Guadarrama. Unos meses después pasó a mandar la Brigada de carros de combate y en octubre de 1937 se convirtió en jefe de Estado Mayor de la División de Ingenios Blindados. Algunas fuentes señalan que posteriormente estuvo destinado como docente en la Escuela Popular de Estado Mayor.

Obras
 Estudio geográfico-militar de los Pirineos aragoneses. Madrid: Velasco, 1905, pp. 33, en 4.º (CGLEH).

Referencias

Militares de la guerra civil española leales a la República


pay any redundancy compensation, if it is included in their employment agreement provide a certificate of employment, if your employee requests one provide a final pay slip, if they requested one.... An analysis of collective employment agreements (CEA) by a New Zealand university in 2012 indicated that 4 weeks? notice for redundancy is the most common provision in CEAs. 4: Severance pay at different tenure durations (a) Personal reasons: none.
Just enter your gross annual salary into the box and click ' Calculate' - then we'll present you with an overview of your tax and net salary. salaries.co.nz > Calculate your tax and kiwisaver payments. More Articles. Employees to save 17% on ACC levies from 1 April 2014. How to get a pay rise - a few simple steps. Minimum wage rises to $13.50/hour on 1 April 2012. ACC earners' levy reduces to how to not pay medicare levy for foreign resident Employees who received redundancy payments from 1 December 2006 may be able to claim a 6% tax credit on the redundancy payment, up to a maximum of $3,600 per redundancy.
Redundancy pay is a popular concept in Europe, especially in the United Kingdom. This is a payment that the company makes to its terminated employees.
You can only claim for redundancy payments received before 1 October 2011. You should apply for the tax credit at the time of redundancy by filling out the IR524 application form, attaching a payslip, a letter from your employer and a copy of your employer�s redundancy calculation.
pay any redundancy compensation, if it is included in their employment agreement provide a certificate of employment, if your employee requests one provide a final pay slip, if they requested one.


text:
Christmas Day crime fighters: Northumbria Police officers reveal what it's like keeping Newcastle safe
Business as usual for the boys and girls in blue who will be there for those not having a merry Christmas
Sophie DoughtyCrime Reporter
Sign up for our regular free newsletter for court stories sent straight to your inbox
As families across Tyneside enjoy Christmas Day with their loved ones, these officers will be out on the beat hoping to make December 25 safe and crime free for everyone.
It will be business as usual for the Northumbria Police officers on duty across Tyne and Wear and Northumberland on Tuesday, as sadly crime and tragedy can happen on any day of the year.
And while the cops working from Newcastle's Forth Banks Police Station are hoping for a quiet shift, they are prepared to help support anyone who needs them at a time of year that can sometimes bring misery as well as merriment.
Today we caught up with some of the officers who will be working a day shift this Christmas to find out what it is like dealing with criminals and helping their victims while most other people are opening presents.
Insp Paul Allen will lead the day shift of 24/7 cops working in Newcastle on Christmas Day. Clocking on at 7am, the team will have to be prepared to deal with any ongoing incidents from the night before, and whatever comes in during the day.
Police working over the Christmas and New Year, PC Megan Brittain (Image: Newcastle Chronicle)
Insp Allen says he will try to make Christmas Day as festive as possible for his team, but they all will have to be ready to face the unexpected.
"It is difficult because the world goes on and things are decided for us. It's not like some other jobs, you can't down tools and have a sit-down Christmas meal together," he said.
"We try to do what we can to make it as nice as we can for people, but all the staff understand they could end up standing on a cold bridge at a sudden death or whatever else might come in.
"We have to continue with business as normal as although Christmas is a time of celebration for a lot of people, the flip side is it's also a really lonely and depressing time for a lot of people and unfortunately we have to pick up the pieces of all that.
'Arrogant' robber buys Armani tracksuit - the day after £12,000 Post Office raid
"For people who are vulnerable to start with it is a very difficult time of year. You do see spikes in domestic disputes and to some people Christmas is just a nothing day and they carry on with their normal lives. We could get anything."
Insp Allen has young children at home who will be starting their Christmas Day without him.
And while his family understand it is just part of the job, he has not been able to persuade his kids to wait until he gets home before opening their presents.
He added: "I think when your kids are little you can get away with it."
PC Megan Brittain is a member of the team who specialises in sexual offences. Her day job involves supporting victims of assaults and gathering evidence so offenders can be put before the courts.
Police working over the Christmas and New Year, PC Zak Spencer (Image: Newcastle Chronicle)
Sadly such distressing crimes do not stop over the festive period, and becoming a victim at this time of year can be particularly traumatic, said PC Brittain.
However, the camaraderie among the team helps get her through Christmas Day.
"Working Christmas Day is actually really good," she said.
"Even though it's a normal working day for us it still feels a bit like Christmas for us. Your workmates are like your family because you spend so much time with them, so it is like spending Christmas Day with the family. There is good camaraderie, you keep each other going."
Although PC Brittain deals with victims of some horrendous crimes, she says it is very rewarding knowing she is helping them through their ordeals.
Today's must-read news, sport and entertainment
Storm Dennis LIVE
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"You are speaking to someone straight after an offence has happened, and it's not like any other offence," she explained.
"You are going in when someone is in such a vulnerable situation. It makes a big difference to the victims how you handle things.
"It doesn't get you down. Although it is a specialist role and dealing with a certain kind of offence every offence can vary in how the job comes in and the nature of the job.
"Christmas doesn't make any difference, you just deal with it the way you would any other day. Even though Christmas is such a festive for most people if something traumatic happens to someone it is those people we have to protect."
PC Brittain, who is expecting her first baby in the new year, is married to a police officer who will be waiting for her to finish her shift before they enjoy a belated Christmas dinner at a relatives' house.
Spit, blood and selfies - what being a doorman on Black Eye Friday is really like
She added: "He will be at home waiting for me to finish. The family are holding dinner back until after 3pm, but if a job comes in at 2.45pm I will have to deal with it, it's just part of the job and Christmas is just another working day."
PC Zak Spence will also be joining Insp Allen and PC Brittain at Forth Banks on Christmas morning.
And while he is hoping for a peaceful shift so he can drive to Yorkshire to spend Christmas night with his girlfriend, experience has taught him to expect the unexpected.
"I have got to drive down to Yorkshire at the end of the day. I will miss Christmas dinner but I'll just have to catch up when I get and and eat and drink whatever is left," he said.
Police working over the Christmas and New Year (Image: Newcastle Chronicle)
"During the Christmas period people drink more and indulge a bit more so you don't know what you are to walk into on Christmas Day. "
And PC Spence says the reception police officers get on Christmas Day can vary.
"People can be more difficult to deal with over Christmas if something goes on," he said.
"You do get people who say; 'you can't do this, it's Christmas Day'. But the bonus of the job is when you can actually help people. Most of the time you are helping nice people and it's always good to do that, and that's why people join the job."
SunderlandSunderland disabled man stolen from after being lured down back alley with offer of sexual favoursJamie Birrell, of Sunderland, and another woman stole £90 from the vulnerable man in Sunderland city centre
Sam FenderSam Fender tells Lorraine Kelly why he turned down chance to be Ariana Grande's 'boyfriend'Appearing on Thursday's Lorraine, Sam Fender told the host he once turned down the chance to work with Ariana Gramde
Ranvir Singh taking 'time out' after ITV Epstein documentary as she thanks viewers for support
ITVGood Morning Britain host Ranvir presented the ITV documentary Ghislaine, Prince Andrew and the Peadophile
Santiago Munoz and Rodrigo Vilca train with Newcastle United first-team as two loanees recalled
Football NewsEddie Howe and his coaching staff ran the rule over the Under-23s in training on Wednesday
Bellway Homes gets go-ahead to pull down derelict rail buildings on Fletcher Road, Gateshead
GatesheadThe scheme will provide new homes for young professionals and complete the Ochre Yards development
'She's a little fighter' - Walkerdene dad on daughter's agonising battle with brain tumour at 18 months
Newcastle upon TyneDarren Frazer is running 5km every day in January to raise vital cash for a charity supporting his daughter following her brain tumour battle
Newcastle health bosses says city is 'over the peak of Omicron' despite warning of outbreaks in schools
CoronavirusSenior Newcastle health figures told a council meeting today they believe the Omicron Covid-19 wave may have peaked in the city
Five men charged after cannabis farm worth £900,000 discovered in Peterlee town centre
PeterleeThe men will appear before Durham Crown Court at a later date.


The Rolling Robots Outreach InvenTeam is developing a sleep system to optimize recovery, particularly for adolescents. The system will collect data through a wearable device and mobile app, which will compile and analyze data. A stimulus will then be applied to improve quality of sleep.
The Rolling Robots Outreach InvenTeam is on social media!


text:
import sbt._
import sbt.Keys._

object LiftNgTestBuild extends Build {

  val liftVersion = SettingKey[String]("liftVersion", "Full version number of the Lift Web Framework")

  val liftEdition = SettingKey[String]("liftEdition", "Lift Edition (short version number to append to artifact name)")

  lazy val project = Project(
    id = "lift-ng-test",
    base = file("."),
    settings = Project.defaultSettings)
}


Orlando is best known as the home of Walt Disney World and other surrounding theme parks, but it is also a great place to find fitness opportunities. The city maintains over 80 public parks. Instead of watching an Orlando Magic's game or a UCF Knights game, search for one of Orlando's 60 athletic fields to play in a baseball or basketball game. Orlando also has numerous adult and youth exercise programs. The city runs its own golf course, Dubsdread, for those who like a slower paced fitness activity. The RDV Sportsplex is Orlando's fitness hot spot. The sportsplex has a swimming pool, two ice rinks, a weight room, athletic center and pro shop, a spa and medical offices.


text:
+1 (403) 607 5082 (Canada) todosactivities@gmail.com
Itineraries / Prices
7 Day Adventure
11 Day Adventure
Custom Adventures
2-3 Days Coroscos Tour
Yoga Retreat Planning
Yoga Photo Gallery
Accommodations in Todos Santos
Accommodation in La Paz
Other Accommodations
Book / Contact Us
Attractions in Todos Santos
By epstudios
Attractions in Todos Santos2017-08-292017-12-01https://www.bajatoursmexico.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/baja-tours-mexico-logo-with-ltd.pngBaja Tours - Todos Santos, Mexicohttps://www.bajatoursmexico.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/img_3760.jpg200px200px
The main Attractions in Todos Santos are what? Pacific beaches, nature hikes, local desert ranch visits, surfing, boogie boarding the beach oasis of Las Palmitas, turtle releases almost daily from mid-October to mid-April. Oops this is just the surrounding area.
The Magic Village and The Historic Site
In town you will find UNESCO World Heritage buildings from the 1800s to the early 1900s. Todos Santos is a Magic Village designate. The Mexican Tourism Department chooses small colonial villages and towns to invest in and restore for tourists. One of these historic buildings is the original Hotel California which draws 1000s of tourists from Los Cabos every season as a day destination.
But a day here in Todos Santos is a mistake. It takes three days to just get a feel for what it offers and to make you want to come back again for weeks. The town is full of local Mexican and international artists, painters, musicians and a few local dance venues. In fact, it is also known as an artist's colony and for good reason. In a town of only 4000 Mexicans and some Gringo's on the outskirts you will find galleries and workshops hidden and not so hidden all around town.
Yoga and much more
On the tropic of Cancer Todos Santos also draws a small yet wonderfully diverse yoga community. In the local community center, yoga studio you will find classes on Tai Chi, Brazilian Dance, Cross Fit, Karate, Dance Art Interpretation, a regular and world renowned Daoist speaker and meditation leader, and of course lots of yoga. This is not a full listing.
Other attractions in Todos Santos
Next door you will be invited to a Reggae Concert every month in season. Todos Santos holds the Todos Santos Music Festival for 6 to 8 days in February or late January. The venue, Tres Morenas a wonderful bar, restaurant, dance venue in a two level tropical former art gallery. The main venue is the courtyard of the Hotel California and other local boutique restaurants and courtyards.
Another attractions in Todos Santos are the Artisan markets which feature a mix of Mexican and imported artisans. These are local events and not always found by the quick tourist. These markets, Cuban dance nights, small salsa events, surfers and off road enthusiasts or fans of the Baja 500 make this mix almost endless in variety.
Artisan Markets
It is exciting yet after eight you may find the streets very quiet. Boutique hotels and entrepreneurs running bed and breakfasts offer luxury. Empty beaches nearby offer water thrills and natural beauty. The Sea of Cortez an hour away surpasses the Cancun area. Both are beautiful but the Cortez is more diverse and not developed.
The point is that if you meet the locals, and the artists and the beaches and all of the above you will have a diverse holiday experience. Todos Santos is in the Mexican Baja 1.5 hours north of the airport in Los Cabos. It is incredible and unique in our modern world. It remains small and locals offer small activities. Todos Santos was a resort destination from its founding by the Jesuits. It then became Mexico's wealthiest sugar cane plantation in the 1850 – 1950 era. The opportunity is big. Todos Santos is one of Mexico's top 5 beach towns in the country. If you want to learn more about the attractions in Todos Santos, read our post 25 thing to do in the Baja.
Weather in Todos Santos in the Winter
25 Top Things to do in the Baja
25 Things to Do in the Baja – Part two
7 to 11 Day Tour Details
Coroscos 3 Day Tour
Activities with Friends


I want to refresh the data of my Quality server (Copy data from Production to Quality), to work on BPC reports. Can any please guide the procedure or provide the document link.
It depends if you have to do it on a regular basis or just once, what are system restrictions and many other things.
Easiest way in case you need it just once is to connect QA and Prod and use BW load. Or if you can move the whole Environment use UJBR.
1. Do we have any supporting document which I can give to basis team to initiate the replication process.
2. If the replication happens, then the techinical names in production and development server would be same. Will it give any problem in future transport request from Dev to Prod.


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Q: Naive Bayes Classification in R - from scratch I wrote some code to make the Naive Bayes Classifier in R by hand using the iris dataset. I did the following:

*

*Divide the data into 3 classes

*Calculated mean and variance for each class

*Calculate probability using dnorm

*Multiply by the prior for each class

I am getting really low probabilities for each result. I am wondering whether the part for the posterior function is correct? Here is my code:
set.seed(1) #reproducibility
training_rows <- sort(c(sample(1:50, 40), sample(51:100, 40), sample(101:150, 40)))
training_x <- as.data.frame(iris[training_rows, 1:4])
training_y <- iris[training_rows, 5]

iris_nb <- function(x, trainx, trainy){
  train <- cbind(trainx, trainy)

  class_virginica <- train[which(train$trainy == 'virginica'),]
  class_setosa <- train[which(train$trainy == 'setosa'),]
  class_versicolor <- train[which(train$trainy == 'versicolor'),]

  posterior <- function(x, classtype){

    # Warning: bug here.
    p_Sepal.Length <- dnorm(x, mean(classtype[,1]), sd(classtype[,1]))
    p_Sepal.Width <- dnorm(x, mean(classtype[,2]), sd(classtype[,2]))
    p_Petal.Length <- dnorm(x, mean(classtype[,3]), sd(classtype[,3]))
    p_Petal.Width <- dnorm(x, mean(classtype[,4]), sd(classtype[,4]))

    vec <-  0.33* p_Sepal.Length * p_Sepal.Width * p_Petal.Length * p_Petal.Width #for each species
    return(vec)
}

  return(list(virginica = sum(posterior(x, class_virginica)),
         setosa = sum(posterior(x, class_setosa)),
         versicolor = sum(posterior(x, class_versicolor))))
}

Here is the output:
test_case_1 <- as.matrix(iris[1, 1:4])
iris_nb(test_case_1, training_x, training_y)

## $virginica
## [1] 1.167108e-16

## $setosa
## [1] 2.136291e-54

## $versicolor
## [1] 1.636154e-32

I appreciate the help!

A: Two comments:
1) The posterior you calculated is based on the fact that it's proportional the prior * likelihood. That's all well and good, but remember that Bayes Theorem says that the posterior = prior * likelihood / marginal. The marginal is very small, so dropping it from your calculation will make your posterior probability very small too (because you aren't dividing by it).
In general we don't care about these probabilities per se, we care about their relative size. So virginica appears to be many times more likely for this test case than the other species. So Naive Bayes would output virginica, the argmax.
2) Often times when working with products of probabilities (which is what your joint likelihood is) we use the log probabilities instead, since they are additive and won't cause numerical issues (which often occur when multiplying many small numbers together).

A: TL;DR;
There is one bug in the code:

*

*You are giving dnorm a vector as the first argument, and it is returning a vector.  Give it a single value to have a single value returned.

Explanation
Using your provided example consider the following:
trainx <- training_x; trainy <- training_y
train <- cbind(trainx, trainy)

class_setosa <- train[which(train$trainy == 'setosa'),]

mu <- mean(class_setosa[,1])
sigma <- sd(class_setosa[,1])

dnorm(test_case_1, mu, sigma)

##   Sepal.Length  Sepal.Width Petal.Length  Petal.Width
## 1     1.045569 0.0002481138 4.945912e-22 9.622888e-39

Notice that when given a vector, dnorm returns a vector.
The return value from posterior is immediately passed to sum, which hides the bug.
There are many ways to solve this issue, but in keeping with the intention of the original code the simplest solution is to index the vector of observations.
The solution is to index the vector.
dnorm(test_case_1[1], mu, sigma)

## [1] 1.045569

Note that dnorm does not return valid probabilities, which is evident in this case since the returned value is greater than 1.
Final solution
The final solution looks like this
iris_nb <- function(x, trainx, trainy){
  train <- cbind(trainx, trainy)

  class_virginica <- train[which(train$trainy == 'virginica'),]
  class_setosa <- train[which(train$trainy == 'setosa'),]
  class_versicolor <- train[which(train$trainy == 'versicolor'),]

  posterior <- function(x, classtype){

    p_Sepal.Length <- dnorm(x[1], mean(classtype[,1]), sd(classtype[,1]))
    p_Sepal.Width  <- dnorm(x[2], mean(classtype[,2]), sd(classtype[,2]))
    p_Petal.Length <- dnorm(x[3], mean(classtype[,3]), sd(classtype[,3]))
    p_Petal.Width  <- dnorm(x[4], mean(classtype[,4]), sd(classtype[,4]))

    vec <-  0.33* p_Sepal.Length * p_Sepal.Width * p_Petal.Length * p_Petal.Width #for each species
    return(vec)
  }

  return(list(virginica = sum(posterior(x, class_virginica)),
         setosa = sum(posterior(x, class_setosa)),
         versicolor = sum(posterior(x, class_versicolor))))
}

And with the same test case as your original question:
iris_nb(test_case_1, training_x, training_y)

## $virginica
## [1] 1.861745e-24

## $setosa
## [1] 2.82984

## $versicolor
## [1] 8.334494e-22

Note that the answer changed, now the argmax is setosa instead of virginica.
Also these are not valid posterior probabilities, but are proportional to the relevant probabilities so the argmax is still valid and that is what is used for classification with naive bayes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to Muddaritaville Studio: And yet another Chalk Paint giveaway!
Click on the link and follow Robyn's blog, read about her giveaway and leave a comment. Easy as that!
Thanks for contacting us about our free shipping. Unfortunately, we haven't gotten to a point of being able to ship outside the country. However, I have GREAT news, I just received information that there's a stockist (distributor) in your area. You can go to her website and inquire there about getting these AMAZING paints. www.themelonpatch.com. If we can be of further assistance please don't hesitate to call or email.


Throughout my journey of creating a #1 New & Noteworthy iTunes podcast, many people approached me asking how they could experience similar success with their own show.
And to be honest, I don't have a magic answer.
Because here's the thing: Before I started my podcast, I knew exactly TWO of my guests. To put that into perspective, I've now interviewed close to 100 different people.
Now, some of the bigger podcasters out there make use of PR teams to find new guests, but my show was all me.
Well, I could share how I reached out to people who inspired me on social media, connected with people who I thought had an interesting story to tell, approached people who I thought could add value to my audience, left book reviews on Amazon and subsequently got approached by other authors, asked each guest for referrals, or any other tactic I used, but I don't think that's what really made the difference.
See, I could go into the details, but there's a bigger lesson that encompasses all these tactics.
And that is the idea of 'know-how' vs 'no how'.
If all those other things are the tactics, 'no how' is the strategy.
Know-how is the knowledge, the learning, the tools & tactics. It's the things we think we need in order to be ready to take action.
'No how', on the other hand, is the unwavering decision to take action before needing to have the full game plan laid out in front of you. It's a commitment to the what and the why, with the faith that the how will reveal itself as you go.
It's easy to want to learn something new or feel like we just need one more ingredient before finally taking action, but at the end of the day, what moves the needle forward faster than any tool or tactic ever could is getting uncomfortable by taking action before you feel ready.
Too often, I see people wanting to make an impact, create change in their life, or start a side gig/passion project, but hesitating to get started because they don't know how. I'm saying forget about the how and focus instead on the next tiny action that will move you forward.
Remember, if you're not embarrassed by version 1, you've launched too late.
Instead of picking up another book or taking another online course, make the unwavering decision that no matter what happens, you're just not going to quit.
Shift from 'know-how' to 'no how' and watch your world transform.


text:
Unfair Wills / Case Studies / Successfully Contesting A Will
Successfully Contesting A Will
There can be many reasons why someone would want to contest a Will. Below is an outline of recent matter where we successfully contested a Will on behalf of our client made by his late mother. The deceased died on 17 November 2008 leaving a Will dated 26 April 2001 appointing one of her sons, ("Keith"), and her daughter-in-law ("Margaret") as her Executors and beneficiaries. Keith died in 2005 and Margaret died in 2011. There was evidence that the 2001 Will was not a valid Will as the deceased lacked the testamentary capacity at the time of its creation. There also existed a 1997 Will appointing the NSW Trustee & Guardian as Executor and naming the client, the surviving son of the deceased, and Keith as her main beneficiaries. When we were approached by our client no one had filed for Probate, despite more than 4 years having passed since the death of the deceased and there being an Estate worth approximately $300,000.00. Before her death, Keith and Margaret had been living with the deceased for many years until she was admitted to a nursing home September 2001 due to dementia. Before her admission, however, our client stated that he first noticed problems with his mother's state of mind in 1999, and provided a copy of a medical report which indicated that he diagnosed the deceased with mild to moderate dementia three months after 2001 Will was made. There was also evidence that Keith and Margaret were con artists, and had previously taken advantage of the deceased. Our client stated that his mother had expressed to him her dislike of Margaret and that he found it difficult to believe that she would have specifically named Margaret in her Will as an Executrix or beneficiary. In 1997 the deceased asked our client to take her to the Public Trustee to make a Will. Our client said she told him that she intended to leave her estate to himself and Keith equally. This conversation also led the client to believe that the 2001 Will did not contain the deceased's intentions. Because the Trustee & Guardian had failed to take any action on the 1997 Will despite multiple requests and queries by our client, we applied for our client to be appointed as the Administrator of his late mother's Estate under the 1997 Will, which we asserted was the last valid Will made by the deceased and provided relevant evidence. We put the Trustee & Guardian on notice of this, as well as the potential beneficiaries of the 2001 Will in case they wanted to provide evidence to the contrary in support of the 2001 Will. The Supreme Court made orders appointing our client as Administrator of his late mother's 1997 Will and sent the matter back to the Registrar for Letters of Administration to be granted in solemn form.
The Importance of Explaining Your Testamentary Intentions


text:
Hon. James Russell Rea1
M, #556841, b. 11 October 1902, d. 15 August 1954
Hon. James Russell Rea was born on 11 October 1902.1 He is the son of Walter Russell Rea, 1st Baron Rea and Evelyn Muirhead.2 He married, firstly, Betty Marion Bevan, daughter of Arthur Bevan, on 13 April 1926.1 He and Betty Marion Bevan were divorced in 1942.1 He married, secondly, Isobel Mary Pringle, daughter of Robert William Pringle, on 30 October 1942.1 He died on 15 August 1954 at age 51.1
He was educated at Westminster School, Westminster, London, England.1 He was educated at Grenoble University, Grenoble, FranceG.1 He graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, in 1923 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)1 He was admitted to Middle Temple in 1927 entitled to practise as a barrister.1 He gained the rank of Lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps.1 He graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, in 1938 with a Master of Arts (M.A.)1
Children of Hon. James Russell Rea and Betty Marion Bevan
John Nicolas Rea, 3rd Baron Rea+2 b. 6 Jun 1928, d. 1 Jun 2020
Hon. Charles Julian Rea+2 b. 7 Jun 1931
Arthur Bevan1
Arthur Bevan graduated with a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)1
Child of Arthur Bevan
Betty Marion Bevan+2 d. 2 Apr 1965
Betty Marion Bevan1
F, #556843, d. 2 April 1965
Betty Marion Bevan was the daughter of Arthur Bevan.2 She married Hon. James Russell Rea, son of Walter Russell Rea, 1st Baron Rea and Evelyn Muirhead, on 13 April 1926.1 She and Hon. James Russell Rea were divorced in 1942.1 She died on 2 April 1965.1
From 13 April 1926, her married name became Rea.
Children of Betty Marion Bevan and Hon. James Russell Rea
Hon. Charles Julian Rea1
Hon. Charles Julian Rea was born on 7 June 1931.1 He is the son of Hon. James Russell Rea and Betty Marion Bevan.2 He married, firstly, Bridget Slater, daughter of Charles Montagu Slater, on 17 September 1951.1 He and Bridget Slater were divorced in 1964.1 He married, secondly, Anne Bernadette Robson, daughter of William Robson, on 15 June 1964.1
He was educated at Bryanston School, Blandford, Dorset, England.1 He graduated from Downing College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, EnglandG, with a Master of Arts (M.A.)1 He graduated from Downing College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, with a Diploma of Education (Dip.Ed.)1 In 1989 he was granted the rank of a baron's younger son.1 He lived in 2003 at 62 Dukes Avenue, London, England.1
Children of Hon. Charles Julian Rea and Bridget Slater
Julia Rea+2 b. 31 May 1952
Steven Rea+2 b. 27 Jun 1956
Children of Hon. Charles Julian Rea and Anne Bernadette Robson
William Rea+2 b. 26 Feb 1965
Lucy Rea2 b. 19 May 1966
James 'Jake' Rea+2 b. 26 Feb 1968
Kate Rea+2 b. 16 Jan 1972
Charles Montagu Slater1
Charles Montagu Slater lived at Highgate, London, England.1
Child of Charles Montagu Slater
Bridget Slater+2
Bridget Slater1
Bridget Slater is the daughter of Charles Montagu Slater.2 She married Hon. Charles Julian Rea, son of Hon. James Russell Rea and Betty Marion Bevan, on 17 September 1951.1 She and Hon. Charles Julian Rea were divorced in 1964.1
From 17 September 1951, her married name became Rea.
Children of Bridget Slater and Hon. Charles Julian Rea
Steven Rea1
M, #556847, b. 27 June 1956
Steven Rea was born on 27 June 1956.1 He is the son of Hon. Charles Julian Rea and Bridget Slater.2 He married Julia Louise Wyatt on 9 July 1983.1
Children of Steven Rea and Julia Louise Wyatt
Madeleine Louise Rea2 b. 23 Nov 1987
Benjamin David Rea2 b. 31 Jan 1992
Julia Louise Wyatt1
Julia Louise Wyatt married Steven Rea, son of Hon. Charles Julian Rea and Bridget Slater, on 9 July 1983.1
Her married name became Rea.
Children of Julia Louise Wyatt and Steven Rea
Benjamin David Rea1
Benjamin David Rea was born on 31 January 1992.1 He is the son of Steven Rea and Julia Louise Wyatt.2
Madeleine Louise Rea1
F, #556850, b. 23 November 1987
Madeleine Louise Rea was born on 23 November 1987.1 She is the daughter of Steven Rea and Julia Louise Wyatt.2


text:
scienceofsharp
Carbides in S110V – Part 1/3
This article is the third in the "carbides" series, following Carbides in Maxamet and Carbides in K390. I have split this post into 3 parts to improve readability. Part 1 includes the preamble and images of the blade after the factory edge was dulled with use. Part 2 shows the effects of several sharpening techniques on the carbides and Part 3 focuses on the dulling of a keen edge.
The observations described here are from a single example (a Spyderco Para Military 2 in S110V) and so, as usual, we should be careful with generalized conclusions about S110V steel, or other high carbide steels.
The goal of this series is to identify the various microscopic behaviours of individual carbides and the matrix containing them that may occur with sharpening and use. In particular, to understand how the hard carbides contribute to cutting performance and endurance and how they respond to various sharpening procedures at microscopic scale. Cutting performance is largely determined by sub-micron scale geometry and morphology of the apex and microscopic observation is required to understand the relevant sharpening and dulling mechanisms.
S110V contains relatively high amounts of vanadium (9%) and chromium (15%) leading to a high volume fraction (27%) of 1-2 micron-sized carbides. Typically hardened to 58-61 HRC it is another of the "premium" or "super" steels that are anecdotally observed to outperform more traditional cutlery steel for certain tasks. The physical role of such carbides at and near the blade edge is not well understood. These steels can be thought of as a combination of hard, brittle spheroidal carbides contained in a somewhat softer matrix (softer than the carbides, but still hard). The Rockwell C hardness (HRC) is measured over a much larger scale than the carbide size and represents the indentation resistance of the combined material. In general, the carbides in this class of steel may be well dispersed or may be agglomerated in multi-carbide clusters, depending on the manufacture and subsequent heat treatment of the particular steel. The importance of the matrix should not be underestimated in the overall performance, as evidence by performance variations with heat treatment of the steel.
Steels of this type are typically referred to as "wear-resistant" owing to the fact that the extremely hard vanadium carbides slow the wear-removal of the steel matrix. Previous articles have demonstrated the mechanism where the carbides are exposed as the matrix is removed around them. It is reasonable to expect that a steel with substantial carbide content, vanadium-containing carbide in particular, will have a wear resistance determined primarily by the properties and quantity of the carbides inclusions rather than those of the steel matrix. However, the matrix steel must be hard/strong enough to hold and stabilize those carbides in a geometry where they can resist wear.
Conventional, macroscopic testing such as hardness and toughness measurements are predictive of larger scale behaviour such as significant chipping or breaking the tip from the blade. There is currently no direct evidence that these macroscopic properties correlate with the microscopic behaviour of the apex. Open questions include how do the carbides contribute to the endurance of the cutting edge when (as in most situations) the edge deteriorates through other forms of wear than abrasion? Most importantly, is there a superior or preferred approach to sharpening that can maximize the edge retention that this class of carbide-rich steel can provide?
The term wear is generically used to denote the loss of steel, in this application from the blade apex. In the textbook definition there are four distinct types of wear; adhesive, corrosive, abrasive and surface fatigue. Sharpening primarily involves a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, as discussed in the article Grit, Scratches and Sub-Surface Damage – Part 1. However, surface fatigue (micro-chipping) plays a particularly important role at the apex during both dulling and sharpening. Anecdotally, I have found no evidence during the past decade of research that corrosive wear plays a role in sharpening or dulling with normal use. Of course corrosion is of concern in specific environments like salt water or cutting acidic foodstuffs.
When describing S110V and similar steels as wear-resistant, we are typically referring to resistance to abrasive wear. These steels are especially resistant to grinding by abrasives that are softer that the vanadium carbides, particularly silica but also alumina to a some extent. Steel with a high concentration of vanadium carbides would be expected to display enhanced resistance to dulling by (softer) abrasive wear compared to simple steels (as, for example, is measured by CATRA testing).
If we define the "edge retention" as the relative amount of productive use achieved before maintenance or sharpening is required, it might be reasonably expected that enhanced abrasive wear resistance is beneficial to real-world edge retention. However, in real-world use, dulling rarely occurs through simple abrasion of the edge. A steel which deforms plastically without damage will be less prone to micro-chipping type mechanisms – an advantage in use, but a disadvantage in sharpening if it leads to tenacious burr formation. At the other extreme, a steel that is highly resistant to deformation is more likely to micro-crack or chip when subjected to the lateral deformation that is largely unavoidable when sharpening. Making this situation even more complicated is that a micro-chipped edge may possess good slicing aggression and edge retention, but very poor keenness and push-cutting ability, as is observed with ceramic blades. For these reasons, the real-world edge retention of a particular blade steel will depend on both the way the knife is used and the way it is sharpened. In other words, we must be cautious about generalizing results from experimental testing that uses one particular sharpening condition and test media.
I purchased the particular knife for this study from Blades Canada two years ago and have alternated several times between everyday use and laboratory experiments. Although I don't show images of this knife as-received, it had a similar factory edge to the K390 and Maxamet blades with buffer-exposed carbides. The exposed carbides were still visible in some areas when first imaged after a few months of everyday use. As I have to disassemble the knife and maintain the blade at a high level of cleanliness for imaging and experimentation, it isn't practical to frequently alternate between laboratory and Every Day Carry condition.
I will show some observations of how this particular blade dulled with my use, and the results of several different sharpening techniques that highlight some of the issues that make this type of steel challenging to sharpen.
After using the knife for a few months, mostly for opening packages and cutting down cardboard, it reached a point where, in my opinion, it needed sharpening. No maintenance, such a stropping, was performed prior to this time. There were generally two degraded edge morphologies present; some areas were micro-chipped with a 20 micron edge width, but with relatively square shoulders. The similarity to a ceramic knife blade is striking. The dullest areas were blunted by mushrooming, but based on the amount of steel loss, it seems likely these areas were micro-chipped first and then mushroomed. Cross-section imaging showed minimal damage to the carbides below the mushroomed edge.
Imaging of the dull knife
SEM image of the S110V PM2 blade after the factory edge had become relatively dull. This area of the blade is fully micro-chipped, but with squared edges at the shoulders, strikingly similar to the typical ceramic knife blade.
SEM image of the S110V PM2 after the factory edge had become relatively dull. This area of the blade is blunted with some mushrooming.
Cross-section view of the blunted area of the blade. Some material has been lost, presumably to microchipping prior to the mushroom-type blunting.
The "factory edge" on this knife was comparable to the one shown for the Spyderco K390 Endela in the Carbides in K390 article (reproduced below).
SEM image of the "factory edge" on the K390 Spyderco Endela displaying exposed carbides and an edge squared off with 1-2 micron width.
Initial observations suggest that the blade maintains micron-scale texture as the apex breaks away at micron scale (micro-chipping). The resulting edge is strikingly similar to that observed with ceramic knives. This micro-textured flat-edge with keen shoulders provides good slicing aggression, although dull by any edge width standard. In the most worn areas, those shoulders round off with micron-scale blunting by plastic deformation. It does not appear that the longer term edge retention can be directly attributed to superior wear resistance, but rather the to the micro-chipping mechanism by which dulling occurs.
Part 2 of this article explores the effect of various sharpening techniques on the carbides.
11 responses to "Carbides in S110V – Part 1/3"
Edward Ocampo-Gooding says:
Yesss!!!! I love these articles
Clay Allison says:
Another great one, thank you.
I have observed some corrosive dulling that significantly degraded a knife's score in the 'hanging hair test (HHT).' The blade was a Sabatier which was made from a high carbon, non-stainless steel. The original sharpening I gave it produced a HHT score of 5. After sitting in a cabinet in the dry New Mexico climate for over a year, the knife lost a large degree of keenness and then produced a 0 score on the HHT. Examination of the edge under an optical microscope at 2.0 K X revealed corrosion at the edge. Stropping the blade restored it to HHT 5. It's possible that corrosive buildup at the edge thickened the edge profile and that stropping simply removed the buildup to expose the previous edge geometry.
It would great if you could find a way a to conduct further investigations into corrosive dulling.
scienceofsharp says:
Clay, you are probably one of the only people who can sharpen a knife to HHT5.
To put a scale on this, HHT 5 (silent slicing) requires an edge radius of about 10-20nm (0.02 microns). HHT 0 (not engaging hair at all) occurs with a radius of 50nm or higher.
So, you would only need about 50nm (0.05 microns) of oxidation to "dull" the blade from HHT 5 to HHT 0. This thickness is just sufficient to form the beginnings of a visible patina – 100nm is certainly sufficient. In other words, you can see this amount of oxidation on the freshly polished surface of a carbon steel bevel.
If you had a conformal film of 50nm thick on a 20nm radius edge and simply removed the oxide without touching the metal, your new edge radius would be over 50nm – oxidation occurs uniformly from all directions, not linearly in from the bevel.
However, HHT 5 also requires that the edge is lubricated, normally from the transfer of "fat" from stropping on un-charged leather.
If the HHT 5 performance returned with clean leather stropping, this was due to removal of build-up from the air that didn't react with the steel and/or the re-application of that lubricating film.
I have looked at carbon steel blades that have sat in a cabinet for at least a year and not observed 50nm of oxidation. However, those blades were meticulously clean and not exposed to salt from handling with bare hands.
eKretz says:
Excellent imaging and an interesting subject, as usual. I'm always on the lookout for a new post from you, Todd. They never disappoint! I'm looking forward to the subsequent parts of the series.
Kenny says:
Unraveling reasons behind the sometimes frustrating early experiences of restoring or improving my S110V knife edges. I feel like I accidentally sorted out how to get a durable edge on my favorite EDC 941 Benchmade. Now, finally, I'll understand why and if I'm leaving anything on the table. Your images and attention to detail are superb. Thanks for saving some of what little hair I have left! 😉
Vic K says:
BTW, Todd, how was the blade in conventional tests? For example, would it still slice newsprint? Would the microchipped parts reflect light?
Definitely reflects light – you can see a 1-2 micron wide edge easily in bright light. Slicing paper with the deteriorated edge is possible, just like it is with a dollar-store ceramic knife. But it's noisy and doesn't start easily.
Are those black lines appearing in the cross-section voids from sintering? If so and given the high ceramic content, micro-chipping is not really unexpected.
I do observe these separations or voids(at a much lower rate) away from the sharpening zone, so they do occur in the bulk. I wonder if they can be created by thermal shock during heat treatment.
However, I am fairly confident that the ones that open perpendicular to the edge result from burr flexing.
sal glesser says:
Thanx much for your effort.
Thank-you Sal.