text:
Shapour Bakhtiar
45th Prime Minister of Iran
4 January 1979 – 11 February 1979[a]
Gholam Reza Azhari
Mehdi Bazargan
4 January 1979 – 11 February 1979
Abbas Gharabaghi
Ahmad Sayyed Javadi
Member of Regency Council
13 January 1979 – 22 January 1979
(1914-06-26)26 June 1914
Shahrekord, Persia
6 August 1991(1991-08-06) (aged 77)
Suresnes, France
Resting place
Montparnasse Cemetery
National Resistance Movement of Iran
Iran Party (1949–1979)
Other political
National Front (1949–1979)
Shahintaj
Institute of Political Studies
Branch/service
30th Artillerie Regiment
^ The office has been disputed between him and Mehdi Bazargan from 4 February to 11 February 1979.
Shapour Bakhtiar (Persian: شاپور بختیار Listen (help·info); 26 June 1914 – 6 August 1991) was an Iranian politician who served as the last Prime Minister of Iran under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. He and his secretary were murdered in his home in Suresnes, near Paris by agents of the Islamic Republic.
3 Political career
4 French exile and series of assassination attempts
5 Assassination
5.1 Aftermath
6 Published works
Early life[edit]
Bakhtiar was born on 26 June 1914 in southwestern Iran into a family of Iranian tribal nobility, the family of the paramount chieftains of the then powerful Bakhtiari tribe. His father was Mohammad Reza Khan (Sardar-e-Fateh), his mother Naz-Baygom, both Lurs and Bakhtiaris. Bakhtiar's maternal grandfather, Najaf-Gholi Khan Samsam ol-Saltaneh, had been appointed prime minister twice, in 1912 and 1918.[1]
Bakhtiar's mother died when he was seven years old.[2] His father was executed by Reza Shah in 1934 while Shapour was studying in Paris.[1][2]
He attended elementary school in Shahr-e Kord and then secondary school, first in Isfahan and later in Beirut, where he received his high school diploma from a French school.[2] He attended Beirut University for two years.[3] He and his cousin, Teymour Bakhtiar, then went to Paris for additional university education.[3] There, he attended the College of Political Science.[3]
Being a firm opponent of totalitarian rule, he was active in the Spanish Civil War for the Second Spanish Republic against General Francisco Franco's fascism. In 1940, he volunteered for the French army– rather than the French Foreign Legion– and fought in the 30th Artillerie Regiment of Orleans. According to MEED, Bakhtiar did 18 months' military service.[4] While living in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem, he fought with the French Resistance against the German occupation.[5][6][1] In 1945, he received his PhD in political science as well as degrees in law and philosophy from the Sorbonne.
Political career[edit]
See also: Jimmy Carter's engagement with Khomeini
Bakhtiar returned to Iran in 1946 and joined the social democratic Iran Party in 1949 and led its youth organization.[1] In 1951 he was appointed director of the labor department in the Province of Isfahan by the ministry of labor. He later held the same position in Khuzestan, center of the oil industry. In 1951 Mohammad Mosaddeq had come to power in Iran. Under his premiership Bakhtiar was appointed deputy minister of labor in 1953. After the Shah was reinstated by a British-American sponsored coup d'état, Bakhtiar remained a critic of his rule.
Shapour Bakhtiar and Mosaddegh cartoon in Ettelaat newspaper 22 January 1978
In the mid-1950s he was involved in underground activity against the Shah's regime, calling for the 1954 Majlis elections to be free and fair and attempting to revive the nationalist movement. In 1960, the Second National Front was formed and Bakhtiar played a crucial role in the new organization's activities as the head of the student activist body of the Front. He and his colleagues differed from most other government opponents in that they were very moderate, restricting their activity to peaceful protest and calling only for the restoration of democratic rights within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. The Shah refused to co-operate and outlawed the Front and imprisoned the most prominent liberals. From 1964 to 1977, the imperial regime refused to permit any form of opposition activity, even from moderate liberals like Bakhtiar. In the following years Bakhtiar was imprisoned repeatedly, a total of six years, for his opposition to the Shah. He was also one of the prominent members of central council of the illegal Fourth National Front in late 1977, when the group was reconstituted as the Union of National Front Forces with Bakhtiar as head of the Iran Party (the largest group in the Front).
At the end of 1978 (as the Shah's power was crumbling), Bakhtiar was chosen to help in the creation of a civilian government to replace the existing military one. He was appointed to the position of Prime Minister by the Shah, as a concession to his opponents, especially the followers of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Although that caused him to be expelled from the National Front, he accepted the appointment, as he feared a revolution in which communists and mullahs would take over the country, which he thought would ruin Iran.
In his 36 days as premier of Iran, Bakhtiar ordered all political prisoners to be freed, lifted censorship of newspapers (whose staff had until then been on strike), relaxed martial law, ordered the dissolving of SAVAK (the regime's secret police) and requested for the opposition to give him three months to hold elections for a constituent assembly that would decide the fate of the monarchy and determine the future form of government for Iran. Despite the conciliatory gestures, Khomeini refused to collaborate with Bakhtiar, denouncing the premier as a traitor for siding with the Shah, labeling his government "illegitimate" and "illegal" and calling for the overthrow of the monarchy. Bakhtiar was accused by some of making mistakes during his premiership such as allowing Khomeini to re-enter Iran. In the end, he failed to rally even his own former colleagues of the National Front.
His government was overwhelmingly rejected by the masses except for a very small number of pro-Shah loyalists and a handful of moderate pro-democratic elements. The opposition was not willing to compromise. The Shah was forced to leave the country in January 1979; Bakhtiar left Iran again for France in April of the same year.
French exile and series of assassination attempts[edit]
IRTV's Ali Limonadi interviews Shapour Bakhtiar in Paris 1984.
Shortly after the revolution, Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali, a religious judge and later chairman of the Revolutionary Court, announced to the press that the death sentence had been passed on members of the Pahlavi family and former Shah officials, including Bakhtiar.[7]
In July 1979, Bakhtiar emerged in Paris.[1] He was given political asylum there.[8] From his base in Paris, he led the National Movement of Iranian Resistance, which fought the Islamic Republic from within the country. Between 9 and 10 July 1980, Bakhtiar helped organize a coup attempt known as the Nojeh coup plot, prompting the Islamic Republic to issue a death sentence on him.[9]
On 18 July 1980, he escaped an assassination attempt by a group of three attackers in his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb of Paris, in which a policeman and a neighbor were killed.[1][9] The five-man assassination team led by Anis Naccache, a Lebanese, was captured.[9] They were given life sentences, but French President François Mitterrand pardoned them in July 1990.[10] They were sent to Tehran.[10]
Assassination[edit]
Tomb of Shapour Bakhtiar in France
On 6 August 1991, Bakhtiar was murdered along with his secretary, Soroush Katibeh, by three assassins in his home in the Parisian suburb of Suresnes.[11] Both men were killed with kitchen knives. Their bodies were not found until at least 36 hours after death, even though Bakhtiar had heavy police protection and his killers had left identity documents with a guard at his house.[12] Two of the assassins escaped to Iran. A third, Ali Vakili Rad, was apprehended in Switzerland,[13] along with an alleged accomplice, Zeynalabedine Sarhadi, a great-nephew of the president of Iran at the time, Hashemi Rafsanjani.[14][15] Both were extradited to France for trial.[16] Vakili Rad was sentenced to life in prison in December 1994, but Sarhadi was acquitted.[17] Rad was paroled on 19 May 2010, after serving 16 years of his sentence.[11] He was received as a hero by Iranian officials.[18][19]
Aftermath[edit]
The release of Rad had happened only two days after Tehran freed Clotilde Reiss, a French student accused of spying by the Islamic regime. Both the French and Iranian governments deny the two affairs are linked.[20][21][22]
Hours after the assassination of Bakhtiar, a British hostage was released from Lebanon, presumably held by Hezbollah, but a French hostage was taken.[23] Although many in the Iranian exile community speculated of official French complicity in Bakhtiar's death, the second kidnapping is said to cast a shadow over such theories. The French would seem unlikely to support an operation that included the kidnapping of another French hostage in Lebanon, but there is no apparent connection between the two events.[12]
Published works[edit]
He published a memoir[24] in addition to many articles. Bakhtiar's books include Ma Fidélité (in French)[6] and 37 Days after 37 Years (in Persian),[25] his biography (highlighting his political career and his beliefs, up to the Iranian Revolution). His writings are of special interest regarding society and politics in the Pahlavi Era and the period of riots and turbulence just before the fall of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
Bakhtiar was first married to a French woman with whom he had three children, a son Guy and two daughters, Viviane and France.[26] Viviane died of a heart attack at the age of 49 in Cannes in August 1991.[27] His second wife was Shahintaj, an Iranian, and they had a son, Goudard.[28]
Bakhtiar is buried in Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.[2]
^ a b c d e f Dan Geist (6 August 2011). "'A Darker Horizon': The Assassination of Shapour Bakhtiar". PBS. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ a b c d Kadivar, Cyrus (4 March 2003). "37 days. A cautionary tale that must not be forgotten". The Iranian. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ a b c "Bakhtiari, Teymour". Bakhtiari Family. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
^ Elizabeth Collard (1979), "IRAN", MEED, Economic East Economic Digest Ltd, 23 (1–13): 18
^ Wolfgang Saxon (9 August 1991) "Shahpur Bakhtiar: Foe of Shah Hunted by Khomeini's Followers" New York Times, retrieved 6 July 2015
^ a b Chapour Bachtiar, Ma Fidélité, Edition Albin Michel, Paris 1985 ISBN 2-226-01561-2, ISBN 978-2-226-01561-7
^ "No Safe Haven: Iran's Global Assassination Campaign". Iran Human Rights. 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
^ Kaveh Basmenji (25 January 2013). Tehran Blues: Youth Culture in Iran. Saqi. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-86356-515-1. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ a b c "Police thwart attempt to assassinate Bakhtiar". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 97, №. 25. UPI. 18 July 1980. p. A8. Retrieved 4 November 2012 – via news.google.com.
^ a b Hooman Bakhtiar (9 August 2015). "Obama's Sanctions Gift to an Assassin for Iran". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ a b "Ali Vakili Rad: The Perfect Murder and An Imperfect Getaway". France 24. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ a b Riding, Alan. "France Vows to Press for Release of Newly Taken Hostage", New York Times, 10 August 1991. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ Rempel, William C. "Tale of Deadly Iranian Network Woven in Paris" Archived 27 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, 3 November 1994. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ Kenneth Pollack (2 November 2004). The Persian Puzzle: Deciphering the Twenty-five-Year Conflict Between the United States and Iran. Random House Publishing Group. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-58836-434-0. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ Greenhouse, Stephen. "French Ask Swiss on Jailed Iranian", New York Times, 28 December 1991. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ Riding, Alan; 3 Iranians Go on Trial in France in Slaying of Exiled Ex-Premier, New York Times; 3 November 1994; retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ U.S. State Department, 1994 Human Rights Report: Iran. Retrieved 5 November 2007
^ "Iran Gives Hero's Welcome to Killer of Former Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar Print Comment Share:". Voice of America. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ "Bakhtiar's Murderer Turned into a Hero and Role Model". Rooz Online. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ Lisa Bryant (17 May 2010). "France Sends Iranian Assassin Home". Voice of America. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
^ "No Operation". Press TV. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
^ "Iran Agent Freed by France Arrives in Iran", Aurelien Girard, The Epoch Times (English edition), 19 May 2010, Retrieved 6 July 2015
^ Schmidt, William E. "Pressure Mounts on Israel to Free Its Arab Hostages", New York Times, 10 August 1991. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ Habib Lajevardi, editor, Memoirs of Shapour Bakhtiar, in Persian (Harvard University Press, 1996). ISBN 0-932885-14-4
^ 37 Days after 37 Years, in Persian, Radio Iran Publications, Paris, 1982[ISBN missing]
^ "An interview of Shapour Bakhtiar's Only Living Daughter". Iranian. 7 August 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ "Bakhtiar's daughter dies of heart attack". UPI. Cannes. 24 August 1991. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
^ David Rosenzweig (8 August 2001). "Family of Slain Prime Minister Files Suit Against Iranian Government". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
List of people involved with the French Resistance
Website dedicated to Bakhtiar: (English), (Persian).
Interview with Bakhtiar on Tuesday 6 March 1984 in Paris (in Persian):
Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian Oral History, Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies:
— Audio 1a (29 min 30 sec), Audio 2a (30 min 35 sec), Audio 1b (29 min 18 sec), Audio 2b (30 min 44 sec)
Iran Chamber Society—Historic Personalities: Shapour Bakhtiar
Persian Iran page about Bakhtiar
Detail audio report about Dr. Bakhtiar's Murder by the Qods Force
Gholam Reza Azhari Prime Minister of Iran
Party political offices
New Title Leader of the National Resistance Movement of Iran
Goudarz Bakhtiar
Unknown Secretary-General of Iran Party
Abolfazl Qassemi
Prime Ministers of Iran (List)
Qajar dynasty
Moshir al-Dowleh
Atabak
Moshir al-Saltaneh
Naser al-Molk
Kamran Mirza
Sa'd al-Dowleh
Mostowfi
Samsam al-Saltaneh
Ala al-Saltaneh
Pirnia
Eyn-ed-Dowleh
Farmanfarma
Vosough
Fathollah Khan Akbar
Tabatabaee
Qavam
Reza Khan
Pahlavi dynasty
Foroughi
Hedayat
Djam
Matin-Daftari
A. Mansur
Soheili
Sa'ed
Hekmat
Hazhir
Razmara
Ala'
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Eghbal
Sharif-Emami
H. Mansur
Hoveida
Amouzegar
Azhari
Islamic Republic
Rajai
Bahonar
Mahdavi Kani
Mousavi
Post Abolished in 1989
BNF: cb11889933z (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shapour_Bakhtiar&oldid=934484745"
People from Khuzestan Province
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National Front (Iran) politicians
Prime Ministers of Iran
Iranian democracy activists
People of the Iranian Revolution
French Army soldiers
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Iranian emigrants to France
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1991 murders in Europe
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The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity has enlisted Ginkgo Bioworks — a Boston-based synthetic DNA company — in several initiatives meant to get ahead of potential biological threats such as infectious disease outbreaks or even bioterrorism.
The agency recently awarded Ginkgo a prime contract for the finding engineered linked indicators, or FELIX program. The company will partner with Northrop Grumman to develop a tool that can help scientists better detect whether certain DNA sequences have been engineered, said Zach Smith, director of the government business unit at Ginkgo.
The tool would ideally be able to identify whether the most recent flu vaccine was less effective "because developers guessed a little wrong, or if it was engineered to mutate ever so slightly … where it was not the correct one anymore," Smith said.
"Right now, there isn't the capability to say, 'Is this biological sample wild or engineered?' So that is a pretty significant capability gap," he added.
The 42-month program, which began in late June, will seek to leverage Ginkgo Bioworks' experience developing a large database of engineered DNA sequences, and Northrop Grumman's deep learning technologies to create a tool that can analyze a sample on site using standard hardware already used in hospitals and forward-deployed laboratories, Smith noted.
Ginkgo is also a participant in IARPA's functional genomic and computational assessment of threats, or Fun GCAT program. Together with a team that includes Twist Bioscience, a synthetic DNA supplier, One Codex, a bioinformatics platform company, and Battelle, the company is developing algorithmic approaches to screen DNA sequences that could help predict the function of unknown sequences and assign a threat level based on the potential for harm, Smith said.
Developers could also order strands from different providers and then assemble them and make something more threatening, he added.
"Our tool that we're developing will be able to look for those kinds of specific instances in a piece of DNA and say, 'Hey, flag this, this could potentially be a threat here even if it isn't on that static list,'" he said.
The Fun GCAT program launched in August 2017, and the team recently passed its first milestone in the four-year effort, Smith said.


This is a 14.14 mi Other in Iowa, LA, United States. The Other has a total ascent of 5.66 ft and has a maximum elevation of 37.93 ft. This route was created by fb.edd.924 on 05/01/2011. View other Others that fb.edd.924 has done or find similar maps in Iowa.


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GEICO is an American company that specializes in car insurance. It was founded in 1936 by Leo GoodWin Sr and wife Lillian Goodwin to sell car insurance for government employees after working for over ten years as an insurer. As of 2019 the American company has generated approximately over US$35 billion in total revenue. GEICO is America's second-largest auto insurer, just after State Farm. The American company operates in all 50 U.S. states and covers over 24 million automotive vehicles as of 2017. GEICO is also available 24/7 making them readily available regardless of the time.
COMPANY NAME GEICO
HEADQUARTERS Maryland, United States
SIC CODE 6411
STATUS Private
INDUSTRY SECTOR Insurance
EMPLOYEES 40,000
TRADING SYMBOL N/A
GEICO's top competitors include: State Farm, Allstate, Progressive, Auto-Owners Insurance, and USAA.
How the company makes money
GEICO COMPETITORS STATS
The American company is one of the largest auto insurance corporations in the United States. GEICO also operates without any middlemen to sell their insurance, making their prices extremely affordable and cheap. Among over 40 major companies, GEICO ranks on the 21st place for the cheapest car insurance in WalletHub's 2019 GEICO auto insurance review. The American company employs over 40,000 employees.
The global automobile insurance industry is estimated to be worth over US$288 billion as of 2020. With over 500 car insurance provided in the United States alone. Car insurance allows you to be protected from accidents, liabilities, and repairs. Insurance is an investment to a company that insures if an accident happens then the insurance company can pay for most, if not all, damages and lawsuits.
GEICO or Government Employees Insurance Company has over 15 million policyholders as of 2017. Auto Insurance is the American company's biggest source of income, among their other products like property insurance and umbrella coverage.
State Farm is an American insurance corporation that specializes in auto insurance and healthcare among others. It is the biggest Insurance corporation in the United States with over 59,000 employees as of 2019. It was founded in 1922, almost a hundred years ago, by George J. Mecherle.
The American company generated over US$79 billion in total revenue as of 2019. State Farm has one of the largest labor forces in the insurance agency, with over 18,000 agents in over 350 locations. State Farm is present all across the United States with over 83 million active policies and accounts.
Although State Farm has more active policies, is the biggest American insurance corporation, and has the highest in total revenue among the other competitors; GEICO charges exceptionally less for their insurance by a considerable amount. GEICO is considered very cheap by most consumers.
Founded in 1931 by department store corporation Sears when they bought the name from an automobile tire company. The American corporation specializes in insurance and is headquartered in Illinois, America. Allstate employs over 45,000 employees as of 2019 and operates insurance locations in Canada as well.
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The Progressive Corporation, otherwise known as Progressive, is an American insurance company that specializes and is known for being one of the largest providers for automobile insurance in America. The company covers cars, RVs, motorcycles, boats, and different kinds of vehicles.
Joseph Lewis and Jack Green founded the company in 1937, only to find their niche some twenty years later by insuring high-risk drivers. The risky move paid off as the American company now generates billions in revenue annually. As of 2019, Progressive earned over US$39 billion in total revenue.
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Founded in 1916 by Vern Moulton in Michigan, it wasn't until almost fifty years later that the company reached its first $1 billion in written premiums. The company has been an annual member of the Fortune 500 since 2002 and is one of the twelve insurance groups to earn an A++ ranking on A.M. Best.
The prices for insurance vary in different states, more often than not it is a better practice to ask for quotes from multiple insurance companies and compare them as each customer experience will be different per region. However in an Insurify web comparison, GEICO offers better overall prices with more varieties.
The United Services Automobile Association is a Fortune 500 financial services group that offers insurance, banking, and investing. The American organization was originally called the United States Army Automobile Association and was founded in 1922. USAA currently holds the 101st place in the Fortune 500 list.
The American organization currently employs 32,000 employees with the last metric dating to 2017. USAA earned over US$35 billion in total revenue as of 2019 and prioritizes veterans or soldiers. The American company has always been innovative with how they sell their products, they were one of the first to conduct business through mail, phone calls and then websites.
USAA has one of the best portfolios and track records in the industry. Their prices are great, especially on annual rates and their customer satisfaction is one of the best overall. GEICO however allows all kinds of customers and does not limit their consumers to military or ex-military personnel like USAA.
The top 5 GEICO direct competitors are: State Farm, Allstate, Progressive, Auto-Owners Insurance, and USAA. Together these companies employ 1.1 million people worldwide, with GEICO employing only 304 thousand people and ranked 1st among GEICO's Top 5 competitors in total revenue. The top 5 competitors average about 222 thousand employees.
NAME FOUNDED HEADQUARTERS NO. OF EMPLOYEES
State Farm 1922 Bloomington, Illinois, United States 59,000
Allstate 1931 Northfield Township, Illinois, United States 45,000
Progressive 1937 Mayfield, Ohio, United States 36,000
Auto-Owners Insurance 1916 Lansing, Michigan, United States 5,500
USAA 1922 San Antonio, Texas, United States 32,000
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If you do not think the Word of God tastes sweeter than honey, then you do not practice what God has asked us to pray about in the depths of our proclamation. God asks us to use the Word of God as a guide in all we do judging not the sinner in the rescue we live for by the love, hope and faith of Charity's Truth. Here, we will have a clean hand and pure heart not cut off from the future basking in the Light of Salvation. While the world around you seems filled with filth and folly, you will trudge through the gutters with a smile on your face living the peace of Charity's grace knowing Salvation's sweet taste.
To eat the honey God has prepared by Prophets of Old relinquishes the need to garner more allowing for less to overcome useless vanity by the Arms of Truth. The Arms that lift and linger to catch you in an instant where surrender is real and Eternity is the peace we feel in the works of Charity's all. You can see it in others as much as they will see it in you by noticing the clothes people wear or the courtesy they show. I speak of this need often evangelizing to others I see who live surrendered allowing anyone in the wings to find God in words we utter as much as the actions we live always mimicking His Word as we taste the sweetness of Salvation's call living Redeemed. Amen.
We ask in prayer. Dear LORD, we pray to share the sweetness of Your Word as the honey of Salvation. We pray for my son Jeff. Prayers for Dr. Cruz-Peluca. LORD from Proverbs 24:13 I chant; "If you eat honey, my son, because it is good, if pure honey is sweet to your taste, Such, you must know, is wisdom to your soul." In Jesus Name we pray. Amen.


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HomeHeadlineBrian hangs up his suit after four decades in fashion
"You heard all the gossip around the town from customers and staff. That's one thing I'll miss about work - the banter was always great."
Brian hangs up his suit after four decades in fashion
Posted: 9:08 am June 15, 2017
By Lauren Harte
l.harte@fermanaghherald.com
Brian Fee has retired from SD Kells after 31 years
After 45 years at the heart of Enniskillen's retail landscape, Cornagrade man Brian Fee has dressed many of Fermanagh's best known faces.
He is now settling into his early retirement from SD Kells where he has been a familiar face for 31 years. Before that Brian was a stalwart of the former Wilson's clothes shop where he worked for 14 years.
His long career in town trade began at the age of 13.
"I was walking through Enniskillen one day and saw a sign up in the window of Wilson's looking for a message boy. I started riding a bike for them for three years and then at 16 I went into the job full-time. Wilson's closed down when I was 26 so I moved over to SD Kells."
At the age of 18, he met his future wife Maggie, who is originally from Trillick. The couple have two children, Barry (37), married to Caitriona with three children. Their daughter Claire (31) has one son and is expecting another baby next week. She started working at SD Kells 18 months ago, ensuring that the Fee name lives on in the firm for another generation.
Down the years, Brian only clocked up three sick days: "I had no idea what a doctor's note was," he said.
"I never complained about having to get up in the morning because I loved going to work and meeting different people. You heard all the gossip around the town from customers and staff. That's one thing I'll miss about work – the banter was always great."
Amid the changing fashion tastes, Brian has learned one important lesson: "I have see many trends come and go. Never throw anything out because it will come back into fashion again – unless it no longer fits you."
With four grandchildren and a fifth on the way, Brian and Maggie will certainly have their hands full but he will still make time for his beloved Fermanagh GAA and Manchester United teams.
Among those paying tribute to Brian as he retires was his friend, Benny Cassidy: "I have known Brian for most of my life and couldn't praise him enough for his personal touch and witty humour over all his years of serving people. He always offered his invaluable opinion with notable tact. He would guess my increasing size with pinpoint accuracy."


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text:
use command::{Command, Query};
use command::Command::LogicalSelect;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use util;
use types::select_query_flags::QueryFlagsType;
use command_query::CommandQuery;
use queryable::Queryable;
use commandable::Commandable;
use command_line::CommandLine;
use selectable::fragmentable::Fragmentable;
use selectable::fragmentable::{OrderedFragment, QueryFragment};
use selectable::drilldown::Drilldown;
use selectable::drilldownable::Drilldownable;
use selectable::drilldown_builder::DrilldownBuilder;
use selectable::labeled_drilldown::LabeledDrilldown;
use selectable::labeled_drilldownable::LabeledDrilldownable;
use selectable::labeled_drilldown_builder::LabeledDrilldownBuilder;
use selectable::labeled_drilldown_sequencable::LabeledDrilldownSequencable;
use selectable::labeled_drilldown_sequence_builder::LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder;
use selectable::staged_columns::StagedColumns;
use selectable::staged_columns_builder::StagedColumnsBuilder;
use selectable::staged_columnable::StagedColumnable;
use std::ops::Add;
use extendable::Extendable;
use request_cancellable::RequestCancellable;
use request_timeoutable::RequestTimeoutable;
use selectable::drilldown_type::DrilldownUsable;
use types::range_filter_type::RangeFilterType;

#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub struct LogicalSelectCommand {
    command: Command,
    logical_table: String,
    shard_key: String,
    arguments: HashMap<String, String>,
}

impl Default for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn default() -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "".to_string(),
            shard_key: "".to_string(),
            arguments: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }
}

impl LogicalSelectCommand {
    pub fn new(logical_table: String, shard_key: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        LogicalSelectCommand {
            logical_table: logical_table,
            shard_key: shard_key,
            ..LogicalSelectCommand::default()
        }
    }

    pub fn filter(mut self, filter: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", filter);
        self.arguments.insert("filter".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn min(mut self, min: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", min);
        self.arguments.insert("min".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn min_border(mut self, border: RangeFilterType) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", border);
        self.arguments.insert("min_border".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn max(mut self, max: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", max);
        self.arguments.insert("max".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn max_border(mut self, border: RangeFilterType) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", border);
        self.arguments.insert("max_border".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn query(mut self, query: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let encoded = format!("'{}'", query);
        // self.arguments.insert("query".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    pub fn scorer(mut self, scorer: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", scorer);
        self.arguments.insert("scorer".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    #[deprecated]
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    pub fn sortby(mut self, targets: Vec<String>) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let string = util::split_values_vec(targets);
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", string);
        self.arguments.insert("sortby".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn sort_keys(mut self, targets: Vec<String>) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let string = util::split_values_vec(targets);
        let encoded = format!("'{}'", string);
        self.arguments.insert("sort_keys".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        self
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn adjuster(mut self, adjust_expr: String) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let encoded = format!("'{}'", adjust_expr);
        // self.arguments.insert("adjuster".to_string(), encoded.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn match_columns(mut self, columns: Vec<String>) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let string = util::split_values_vec(columns);
        // self.arguments.insert("match_columns".to_string(), string.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    pub fn output_columns(mut self, columns: Vec<String>) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let string = util::split_values_vec(columns);
        self.arguments.insert("output_columns".to_string(), string.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn offset(mut self, offset: i64) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let offset = format!("{}", offset);
        self.arguments.insert("offset".to_string(), offset.to_owned());
        self
    }

    pub fn limit(mut self, limit: i64) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        let limit = format!("{}", limit);
        self.arguments.insert("limit".to_string(), limit.to_owned());
        self
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn cache(mut self, cache: bool) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let flag = if cache {
        //     "yes"
        // } else {
        //     "no"
        // };
        // self.arguments.insert("cache".to_string(), flag.to_string());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn match_escalation_threshold(mut self, threshold: i64) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let string = format!("{}", threshold);
        // self.arguments.insert("match_escalation_threshold".to_string(), string.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn query_flags(mut self, flags: Vec<QueryFlagsType>) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let string = util::split_flags_vec(flags);
        // self.arguments.insert("query_flags".to_string(), string.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    /// unimplemented!!
    #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)]
    pub fn query_expander(mut self, synonym: (String, String)) -> LogicalSelectCommand {
        // let (table, column) = synonym;
        // let string = format!("{}.{}", table, column);
        // self.arguments.insert("query_expander".to_string(), string.to_owned());
        // self
        unimplemented!()
    }

    pub fn build(self) -> (Command, Query) {
        let mut query: Query = vec![("logical_table".to_string(), self.logical_table),
                                    ("shard_key".to_string(), self.shard_key)];
        for (key, value) in &self.arguments {
            query.push((key.to_owned(), value.to_owned()));
        }
        (LogicalSelect, query)
    }
}

impl Queryable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn to_query(self) -> String {
        let (command, query) = self.build();
        let mut command = CommandQuery::new(command, query);
        command.encode()
    }
}

impl Commandable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn to_command(self) -> String {
        let (command, query) = self.build();
        let mut command = CommandLine::new(command, query);
        command.encode()
    }
}

impl Fragmentable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn to_fragment(self) -> (Command, OrderedFragment, QueryFragment) {
        let mut select_fragment = HashMap::new();
        let ordered_fragment = vec![("logical_table".to_string(), self.logical_table),
                                    ("shard_key".to_string(), self.shard_key)];
        for (key, value) in &self.arguments {
            select_fragment.insert(key.to_owned(), value.to_owned());
        }
        (LogicalSelect, ordered_fragment, select_fragment)
    }
}

impl Add<Drilldown> for LogicalSelectCommand {
    type Output = DrilldownBuilder;

    fn add(self, rhs: Drilldown) -> DrilldownBuilder {
        DrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl Add<LabeledDrilldown> for LogicalSelectCommand {
    type Output = LabeledDrilldownBuilder;

    fn add(self, rhs: LabeledDrilldown) -> LabeledDrilldownBuilder {
        LabeledDrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl Add<Vec<LabeledDrilldown>> for LogicalSelectCommand {
    type Output = LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder;

    fn add(self, rhs: Vec<LabeledDrilldown>) -> LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder {
        LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl Add<StagedColumns> for LogicalSelectCommand {
    type Output = StagedColumnsBuilder;

    fn add(self, rhs: StagedColumns) -> StagedColumnsBuilder {
        StagedColumnsBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl Drilldownable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn with_drilldown(self, rhs: Drilldown) -> DrilldownBuilder {
        DrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl LabeledDrilldownable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn with_labeled_drilldown(self, rhs: LabeledDrilldown) -> LabeledDrilldownBuilder {
        LabeledDrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl LabeledDrilldownSequencable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn with_labeled_drilldown_sequence(self,
                                       rhs: Vec<LabeledDrilldown>)
                                       -> LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder {
        LabeledDrilldownSequenceBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

impl StagedColumnable for LogicalSelectCommand {
    fn with_staged_columns(self, rhs: StagedColumns) -> StagedColumnsBuilder {
        StagedColumnsBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(self), rhs)
    }
}

extendable!(LogicalSelectCommand);
request_cancellable!(LogicalSelectCommand);
request_timeoutable!(LogicalSelectCommand);

#[cfg(feature="sharding")]
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use command::Query;
    use command::Command::LogicalSelect;
    use std::collections::HashMap;
    use types::select_query_flags::QueryFlagsType;
    use queryable::Queryable;
    use commandable::Commandable;
    use selectable::drilldown::Drilldown;
    use selectable::drilldownable::Drilldownable;
    use selectable::drilldown_builder::DrilldownBuilder;
    use selectable::labeled_drilldown::LabeledDrilldown;
    use selectable::labeled_drilldownable::LabeledDrilldownable;
    use selectable::labeled_drilldown_builder::LabeledDrilldownBuilder;
    use extendable::Extendable;
    use selectable::drilldown_type::DrilldownUsable;
    use types::range_filter_type::RangeFilterType::{Include, Exclude};

    #[test]
    fn test_new() {
        let vanilla_select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(),
                                                       "created_at".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: HashMap::new(),
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, vanilla_select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_filter() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("output_column @ \"type_safe\"".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("filter".to_string(),
                   "'output_column @ \"type_safe\"'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_min() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .min("2016/07/23 00:00:00".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("min".to_string(), "'2016/07/23 00:00:00'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_min_border() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .min("2016/07/23 00:00:00".to_string())
            .min_border(Exclude);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("min".to_string(), "'2016/07/23 00:00:00'".to_string());
        arg.insert("min_border".to_string(), "'exclude'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_max() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .max("2016/07/23 00:00:00".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("max".to_string(), "'2016/07/23 00:00:00'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_max_border() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .max("2016/07/23 00:00:00".to_string())
            .max_border(Include);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("max".to_string(), "'2016/07/23 00:00:00'".to_string());
        arg.insert("max_border".to_string(), "'include'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_query() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .query("_key:\"http://example.org/\"".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("query".to_string(),
                   "\'_key:\"http://example.org/\"\'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scorer() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .scorer("_score := rust".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("scorer".to_string(), "\'_score := rust\'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    fn test_sortby() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .scorer("_score := rust".to_string())
            .sortby(vec!["test".to_string(), "piyo".to_string()]);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("sortby".to_string(), "\'test,piyo\'".to_string());
        arg.insert("scorer".to_string(), "\'_score := rust\'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sort_keys() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .scorer("_score := rust".to_string())
            .sort_keys(vec!["test".to_string(), "piyo".to_string()]);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("sort_keys".to_string(), "\'test,piyo\'".to_string());
        arg.insert("scorer".to_string(), "\'_score := rust\'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_adjuster() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .adjuster("content @ \"ruroonga\"".to_string());
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("adjuster".to_string(),
                   "\'content @ \"ruroonga\"\'".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_match_columns() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .match_columns(vec!["test".to_string(), "piyo".to_string()]);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("match_columns".to_string(), "test,piyo".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_output_columns() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .output_columns(vec!["test".to_string(), "piyo".to_string()]);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("output_columns".to_string(), "test,piyo".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_offset() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .offset(100);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("offset".to_string(), "100".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_limit() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .limit(50);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("limit".to_string(), "50".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_cache() {
        let select_yes = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .cache(true);
        let mut arg_yes: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg_yes.insert("cache".to_string(), "yes".to_string());
        let expected_yes = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg_yes,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected_yes, select_yes);
        let select_no = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .cache(false);
        let mut arg_no: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg_no.insert("cache".to_string(), "no".to_string());
        let expected_no = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg_no,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected_no, select_no);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_match_escalation_threshold() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .match_escalation_threshold(-1);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("match_escalation_threshold".to_string(), "-1".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_query_flags() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .query_flags(vec![(QueryFlagsType::AllowColumn), (QueryFlagsType::AllowUpdate)]);
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("query_flags".to_string(),
                   "ALLOW_COLUMN|ALLOW_UPDATE".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_query_expander() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .query_expander(("Terms".to_string(), "synonym".to_string()));
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("query_expander".to_string(), "Terms.synonym".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg,
        };
        assert_eq!(expected, select);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build() {
        let actual = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("output_column @ \"type_safe\"".to_string())
            .build();
        let expected_query: Query = vec![("logical_table".to_string(), "Entries".to_string()),
                                         ("shard_key".to_string(), "created_at".to_string()),
                                         ("filter".to_string(),
                                          "'output_column @ \"type_safe\"'".to_string())];
        let expected = (LogicalSelect, expected_query);
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_queryable() {
        let query = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("output_column @ \"type_safe\"".to_string())
            .to_query();
        let url_encoded = "/d/logical_select?logical_table=Entries&shard_key=\
                           created_at&filter=%27output_column+%40+%22type_safe%22%27";
        assert_eq!(url_encoded.to_string(), query);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_commandable() {
        let query = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("output_column @ \"type_safe\"".to_string())
            .to_command();
        let cli_encoded = "logical_select --logical_table Entries --shard_key created_at --filter \
                           \'output_column @ \"type_safe\"\'";
        assert_eq!(cli_encoded.to_string(), query);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_add_ops_drilldown() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("content @ \"fast\"".to_string());
        let drilldown = Drilldown::new().drilldown(vec![("tag".to_string())]);
        let ops_builder = (select.to_owned() + drilldown.to_owned()).build();
        let drilldown_builder =
            DrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(select.to_owned()),
                                  drilldown.to_owned())
                .build();
        assert_eq!(ops_builder, drilldown_builder);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_add_ops_labedled_drilldown() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("content @ \"fast\"".to_string());
        let drilldown = LabeledDrilldown::new("labeled".to_string())
            .keys(vec![("tag".to_string())]);
        let ops_builder = (select.to_owned() + drilldown.to_owned()).build();
        let drilldown_builder =
            LabeledDrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(select.to_owned()),
                                         drilldown.to_owned())
                .build();
        assert_eq!(ops_builder, drilldown_builder);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_with_drilldown() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("content @ \"fast\"".to_string());
        let drilldown = Drilldown::new().drilldown(vec![("tag".to_string())]);
        let drilldownable = select.to_owned().with_drilldown(drilldown.to_owned()).build();
        let drilldown_builder =
            DrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(select.to_owned()),
                                  drilldown.to_owned())
                .build();
        assert_eq!(drilldownable, drilldown_builder);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_with_labeled_drilldown() {
        let select = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string())
            .filter("content @ \"fast\"".to_string());
        let drilldown = LabeledDrilldown::new("label".to_string()).keys(vec![("tag".to_string())]);
        let drilldownable = select.to_owned().with_labeled_drilldown(drilldown.to_owned()).build();
        let drilldown_builder =
            LabeledDrilldownBuilder::new(DrilldownUsable::LogicalSelect(select.to_owned()),
                                         drilldown.to_owned())
                .build();
        assert_eq!(drilldownable, drilldown_builder);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_extendable() {
        let mut arg: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
        arg.insert("user".to_string(), "defined".to_string());
        let expected = LogicalSelectCommand {
            command: LogicalSelect,
            logical_table: "Entries".to_string(),
            shard_key: "created_at".to_string(),
            arguments: arg.to_owned(),
        };
        let query = LogicalSelectCommand::new("Entries".to_string(), "created_at".to_string());
        unsafe {
            let extended = query.set_arguments(arg.to_owned());
            assert_eq!(expected, extended);
        }
    }
}


A lightweight football jersey for training.
Work to disrupt, move and attack in this men's football jersey. Sweat-wicking fabric moves moisture away from your skin, keeping you dry and focused on your training. The regular fit promotes unrestricted movement on the pitch.


It is time to get the winter woollies out of storage and ready for the coming cold. If you have zip front jackets or hoodies the zip may have become stubborn and sticky over the summer. Just rub a lead pencil up and down both sides of the zipper and it should glide with ease.


Submarine melting of Greenland's glaciers: What are the relevant ocean dynamics?
The recent rapid increase in mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet has been primarily attributed to the acceleration of outlet glaciers. One possible cause of this acceleration is enhanced melting at the glaciers' terminus driven by the advection of warm waters of Atlantic origin over the SE Greenland shelf. We focus on two large glacial fjords in south-east Greenland, the Sermilik and Kangerdlugssuaq fjords, and use a high resolution model and simulated Lagrangian particles to identify processes controlling oceanic variability that could potentially be transmitted to the ice sheet and cause submarine melting of these glaciers. Preliminary results from model runs in summer 2003 suggest that Atlantic-origin waters enter the shelf via the Sermilik Deep Opening and the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord (Fig.1). The backward-traced Lagrangian particles suggest that the Atlantic Waters stem from either a branch of the Irminger Current coming directly from the Irminger Basin or one recirculating in the Denmark Strait and that some of the dense water overflow particles from the Denmark Strait may be mixed into this inflow as well (Fig. 2).


text:
Q: Are Kato's zeta elements integral? Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $T$ the $p$-adic Tate module of $E$. Kato's Euler system, constructed in the paper "P-adic Hodge theory and values of zeta functions of modular forms" (Asterisque 295, 2004), gives rise to an element $\mathbf{z}_{\rm Kato}$ lying in the Iwasawa cohomology $ H^1_{\mathrm{Iw}}(\mathbb{Q}_p, T)[\frac{1}{p}]$. In Theorem 12.5(4) of the paper, Kato shows that if the image of $\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ in $\mathrm{Aut}(T)$ contains $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}_p)$, then in fact $\mathbf{z}_{\rm Kato} \in H^1_{\mathrm{Iw}}(\mathbb{Q}_p, T)$.
Is it known if there are weaker conditions that are sufficient to ensure that $\mathbf{z}_{\rm Kato}$ has this integrality property? Are there examples where it is genuinely non-integral, or is it conjectured that it should always be so?
I would be the last person to claim I understand Kato's argument, but it looks to me as if he only actually uses the weaker statement that the mod $p$ Galois representation $T/pT$ is irreducible. I'd be interested to know if this weaker condition is indeed sufficient, and whether anything is known in this direction if the weaker condition doesn't hold (i.e. if $E$ admits a $p$-isogeny).
(EDIT: Added more detail and references.)

A: First, let us assume that $p$ is odd for safety.
Then I think your impression is correct: the first statement of 12.5 (4), i.e the integrality of the module generated by the $\mathbf{z}^{(p)}_{\gamma}$, is true under the hypothesis that $T/pT$ is irreducible. Hypothesis (12.5.2) is used only to prove the second (and much more spectacular) statement, i.e the Iwasawa-theoretic divisibility.
When $E$ admits a $p$-isogeny, then C.Wuthrich has a result towards integrality. However, the published version is flawed and I admit I can't quite understand the correction on his webpage. Because C.Wuthrich is a frequent poster here, we can count on his explanation.
In general, proving that Euler systems are integral should be quite a difficult task because it is generally intimately linked with the question of whether the $\mu$-invariant vanishes.
UPDATE: Let me answer the question of where Kato requires the full force of (12.5.2). First of all, there is something tricky in the sense that the answer is "nowhere directly in the article we are discussing". However, this hypothesis is crucial to the method of Euler system, so it is used it in the reference to his prior article Euler systems, Iwasawa theory and Selmer groups (there, it is hypothesis $ii_{str}$).
Finally, though it is true that integrality of Euler systems elements does not in itself imply that $\mu$ vanishes by the usual divisibility, it is nevertheless true that by playing around with reciprocities laws, you can extract the $\mu$-invariant from integrality properties of compatible systems of norms (and in particular Euler systems). This is work of T.Fukaya (unpublished, I think) in the case of $\textrm{GL}_{1}$. Now that the most general form of the reciprocity law is known by the work of Colmez, it might be within reach to link integrality of Kato's Euler system to the $\mu$-invariant of modular forms. Whence my remark to this effect at the end of my original answer. Contrary to the case of the cyclotomic extension, the full-force of this idea can be exploited in the case of the anticyclotomic extension of an imaginary quadratic field (and here again the vanishing of the $\mu$-invariant is almost equivalent to the integrality of the Euler system).

A: There are two issues. Let $H=H^1_{\mathrm{Iw}}(\mathbb{Q},T)$ where $T=V_{\mathbb{Z}_p}(f)(1)$ and $f$ is the modular form associated to the isogeny class of $E$.
(1) What is $T$ ?
$T$ will correspond to the lattice $\Lambda$ in $\mathbb{C}$ generated by all modular symbols. This is because $V_{2,\mathbb{Z}}(f)$ is the image of $V_{2,\mathbb{Z}} (Y_1(N)) = H_1 \bigl( X_1(N)(\mathbb{C}),\{\text{cusps}\},\mathbb{Z}\bigr)$ inside $H_1(E(\mathbb{C}),\mathbb{Z})$. The lattice $\Lambda$ will contain the lattice $\Lambda_0$ of the $X_0$-optimal (strong Weil) curve $E_0$, but it may be strictly larger if $E_0$ has rational torsion points, e.g. for 11a. Note also that $\Lambda$ need not be the lattice of an elliptic curve in the isogeny class, but rather $\tfrac{1}{2}\Lambda_E$ for some elliptic curve $E$. in case $E_0[2] \subset E_0(\mathbb{Q})$, e.g. for 17a. But can only happen for $p=2$ and for $p$ of additive reduction. So if $p$ is a prime of odd semi-stable reduction, then $T$ is the Tate-module of an elliptic curve $E_*$ which is an étale quotient of $E_0$. So let $E$ be this curve for the rest of the answer.
(2) Are Kato's elements integral in $H$ ?
There are two kinds of them. The $z_{\gamma}$ and the ${c,d}$ $z_{m}$. (sorry I don't seem to be able to produce indices before the symbol in MathJax) The latter are in $H$, see 8.1 of Kato, but they depend on the choices of $c$ and $d$. They are useful for bounding the Selmer group as, for a fixed $c$ and $d$ they form an Euler system.
The $z_{\gamma}$ instead is linked to the $p$-adic $L$-function and they are independent of the choices. They are obtained by dividing by $\mu(c,d)$, page 229 of Kato. So they need not be integral anymore. The appendix A in Delbourgo's book "Elliptic curves and big Galois representations" discusses this in detail. Kato shows that they are in $H\otimes \mathbb{Q}_p$
Kato shows that $z_{\gamma}$ is integral if $H$ is a free $\Lambda$-module of rank 1, e.g. as shown in 12.4.(3) if $T/pT$ is irreducible. In fact it is not hard to show that $H$ is free also if $E(\mathbb{Q})[p]$ is trivial.
Now if the curve admits an isogeny of degree $p$, one can show that for all curves $A$ in the isogeny class $H^1_{\text{Iw}}(\mathbb{Q},T_p A)$ is a free $\Lambda$-module of rank $1$, except for at most a single one of them (I mean up to non-$p$-isogenies of course). This exception - if present - will always be the minimal curve $E_{\text{min}}$ in the class. Moreover if $E_{\text{min}}$ is does not have a free $H^1_{\text{Iw}}$, then there is an embedding of it into $\Lambda$ with image equal to the maximal ideal of $\Lambda$. One can now conclude from the interpolation property of the $p$-adic $L$-function that even if $E_*=E_{\text{min}}$ then $z_{\gamma}$ will be in $H$.
Using this one can prove that the $p$-adic $L$-function is integral and that $\mu\geq 0$, but it would not say anything about Greenberg's $\mu=0$ conjecture. Furthermore one gets a proof of the divisibility in the main conjecture as in 12.5.(3), if the $T/pT$ is reducible. However this conclusion can not be extended at present to all odd semi-stable primes, because there may be primes for which the Galois representation is not surjective, yet $T/pT$ is irreducible; because the Euler system method requires and element $\binom{1\ 1}{0\ 1}$ in the image of the Galois representation, see Hyp($K_{\infty},T)$ in Rubin's book. So the integrality won't help, yet.
In summary, all zeta-elements of Kato are integral with respect to $T$ in the case of an elliptic curve. For Kato's divisibility on the other hand, the surjectivity of the representation to $\mathrm{GL}_(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ or its reducibility is still needed.
(edits: quite a few in the whole answer above, now that I konw the full answer to the question)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Monday-Friday 8:00am-5:00pm. May also call at anytime & we will accommodate you.
Locally-owned and operated by husband and wife team, Hyacinth and Dylan Prevette. We offer quality and professional electric services to home and business owners at affordable rates.


text:
Q: angularjs $scope variable inside jquery bind method I have been using Fullcalender directive in angularjs application. As I have been in the documentation there is double click handle exists in Fullcalender jquery plugin.
Here is the ref: http://code.google.com/p/fullcalendar/issues/detail?id=375#makechanges
There is a suggestion for the double click is that we should used eventRedner event handler for registering double event. As I did and got succeed but the problem is I wont be able to call $modal box inside bind method.
Here is the code.
$scope.eventPopup = function(event,element){
    console.log($scope);

    element.bind('dblclick', function(e) {
        console.log("double click" );
        var modalInstance = $modal.open({
            templateUrl: Drupal.settings.angularjsApp.basePath + '/ng_node/calender/popup',
            controller: ModalInstanceCtrl,
            scope: $scope
        });
    });
};

Calender configuration:
$scope.uiConfig = {
    calendar:{
        height: 450,
        editable: true,
        eventStartEditable: false,
        header:{
            left: 'prev,next today',
            center: 'title',
            right: 'month,basicWeek,basicDay'
        },
        //eventClick: $scope.alertOnEventClick,
        eventDrop: $scope.alertOnDrop,
        eventResize: $scope.alertOnResize,
        eventRender: $scope.eventPopup

    }
};

Can any one suggest me what should I do?
Thanks

A: I have resolved that issue by using $apply() method in AngularJs.
element.bind('dblclick',function(e) {

        $scope.$apply(function(){
            console.log(event_date._d);
            var modalInstance = $modal.open({
                templateUrl: Drupal.settings.angularjsApp.basePath + '/ng_node/calender/popup',
                controller: ModalInstanceCtrl,
                resolve:{
                    day: function (){
                        return event_date._d;
                    }
                },
                size: 'lg',
                scope: $scope
            });
        });

    });

$apply() function is used for jQuery binding.
Thanks


Asymptomatic, low-risk patients account for up to 45 percent of inappropriate stress testing. Testing should be performed only when the following findings are present: diabetes in patients older than 40 years old, peripheral arterial disease, and greater than 2 percent yearly coronary heart disease event rate.
Chest pain patients at low risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction (based on history, physical exam, electrocardiograms and cardiac biomarkers) do not merit stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography as an initial testing strategy if they have a normal electrocardiogram (without baseline ST-abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, pre-excitation, bundle branch block, intra-ventricular conduction delay, paced rhythm or on digoxin therapy) and are able to exercise.
Performing stress radionuclide imaging in patients without symptoms on a serial or scheduled pattern (e.g., every one to two years or at a heart procedure anniversary) rarely results in any meaningful change in patient management. This practice may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures and excess radiation exposure without any proven impact on patients' outcomes. An exception to this rule would be for patients more than five years after a bypass operation.
Don't perform cardiac imaging as a pre-operative assessment in patients scheduled to undergo low- or intermediate- risk non-cardiac surgery.
Non-invasive testing is not useful for patients undergoing low-risk non-cardiac surgery or with no cardiac symptoms or clinical risk factors undergoing intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgery. These types of testing do not change the patient's clinical management or outcomes and will result in increased costs. Therefore, it is not appropriate to perform cardiac imaging procedures for non-cardiac surgery risk assessment in patients with no cardiac symptoms, clinical risk factors or who have moderate to good functional capacity.
Use methods to reduce radiation exposure in cardiac imaging, whenever possible, including not performing such tests when limited benefits are likely.
The key step to reduce or eliminate radiation exposure is appropriate selection of any test or procedure for a specific person, in keeping with medical society recommendations, such as appropriate use criteria. Health care providers should incorporate new methodologies in cardiac imaging to reduce patient exposure to radiation while maintaining high-quality test results.
The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) is the voice of more than 4,500 physicians, technologists and scientists dedicated to the science and practice of nuclear cardiology. Since 1993, ASNC has been establishing the standard for excellence in cardiovascular imaging through the development of clinical guidelines, professional education and research development.
For more information or questions, please visit www.asnc.org.
The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) appointed a writing group of content experts to identify five areas in which to make recommendations. Areas were selected for the evidence-based data available to direct provider decision-making and the potential for improving patient selection and care by eliminating inappropriate testing. Specific recommendations were drafted for each subject area, accompanied by peer-reviewed literature citations. These recommendations were reviewed by the ASNC Quality Assurance Committee and Board of Directors prior to submission to the Choosing Wisely campaign. ASNC's disclosure and conflict of interest policy can be found at www.asnc.org.
Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE Jr, Chavey WE II, Fesmire FM, Hochman JS, Levin TN, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Wright RS. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction): developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:e1-157.
Cerqueira MD, Allman KC, Ficaro EP, Hansen CL, Nichols KJ, Thompson RC, Van Decker WA, Yakovlevitch M. ASNC information statement: Recommendations for reducing radiation exposure in myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2010;17:709-18.


text:
Project Green Challenge
Categories:Entrepreneurship, Environment
info@turninggreen.org
Project Green Challenge will inform, inspire and mobilize high school, college, and grad students worldwide around climate action, public health, sustainability, social justice and advocacy. This powerful and diverse call to action features 30 days of environmentally–themed challenges to touch lives, shift mindsets, and equip students with knowledge, resources and mentorship to lead change on campuses and in communities.
Through conscious living, informed consumption, and individual and collective action, Project Green Challenge (PGC) participants are challenged to envision and work toward the healthy, just, resilient future they want to thrive in.
Each day during the month of October, a uniquely themed challenge will be delivered to registered participants by email at 6 am Pacific Time. Each challenge will be live for 24 hours, inviting students to complete actions, upload deliverables, acquire points and heal the planet. Deliverables include photos, videos, creative artwork and written content uploaded to the PGC site and across Turning Green social platforms. Thoughtfully curated, theme-related prize packages will be awarded daily for outstanding submissions. At the end of the 30 days, up to 16 PGC Finalists will be selected to join Turning Green for a four-day eco summit from November 18 – 22, 2021. This in-person event will take place in San Francisco (pending Covid protocols). One finalist will be named PGC 2021 Champion and win a $5,000 Green Award based on completing a Climate Action Project, which all Finalists will develop and implement.
See competition website
Website: https://projectgreenchallenge.com/
Managing Organization: Turning Green
High School students around the world


When the chess got underway, the play largely matched the sombre atmosphere. It was mostly a round unworthy of the attacking Mikhail Tal, with quick exchanges leading to resolved and inflexible positions. This is nothing unusual for the opening round of a tournament, with players settling themselves and perhaps just not in the mood to mix things up considering the news of the day. Ian Nepomniachtchi was the sole winner of the round, needing only 23-moves to despatch Evgeny Tomashevsky in the Scotch. It was a very dominant performance, seeing Tomashevsky's forces completely tied in knots. He will have felt quite bruised afterwards I can imagine.
Peter Svidler came close to taking a point from Vladimir Kramnik, after what was a huge opening result, seemingly catching his opponent completely off-guard. Playing White in a Symmetrical English, Svidler sacrificed a piece for huge initiative. Kramnik was purely in survival mode, not being allowed any mistakes; however, when they did come, Svidler failed to punish him. I can only imagine that time trouble played its part in some of Peter's decisions, and apparent hesitancy. From being a move or two away from delivering his opponent a decisive blow, (28.Nf6!, 31.Qxe8!), fortunes changed to where Svidler was barely hanging on himself. The end result was a draw, but he will be very disappointed to not have reaped the rewards of the opening advantage that he worked so hard for.


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Recently more US drugstoresability have begun writhing productsability containingability alkaloid into locations where trade essential ask a apothecary to buy them, and a prescription is not sought. This revision is being ready-made in an action to lessen amphetamine yield. Lots US states have now passed sacred writing requiringability the entity of the counter, substance of authorization and recordation of purchasesability.
A prescription tablets (POM) is a licenced pills thatability is thermostated by civil law to call for a prescription in the past it can be obtained. The word is used to secern it from OTC drugs which can be obtained short a prescription. Conflicting jurisdictionsability have variable definitionsability of what constitutesability a prescription remedy.
As a unspecialized rule, OTC drugs are utilized to kickshaw terms not needfully requiringability doctor's perfectionism and have been tried to join highly developed safekeeping standards for self-medicationability by patients. Regularly a humiliate indefinite quantity of a drug will be conceded for OTC use, patch high dosages will loiter the province of a doctor's prescription. A luminary bag is thatability of ibuprofen, which has been wide available as an OTC aching contract killer since the mid-1980s but is stagnant unspoken for in doses up to 4 contemporary world the OTC medicament for use in cases of severe orthopedical hurting.
In the Combined States, the National Food, Tablets and Nonfunctional Act in particular mark out what medicines compel a prescription. Prescription drugs are more often than not authorized by doctors, yet health professional practitionersability too are ever more prescribingability drugs. It is more often than not required thatability a md or a nurse professional create verbally the prescription; nurses, crisis medical technicians, psychologistsability (but not psychiatrists, who are MDs), as examples, do not generally have the rule to inflict drugs.
Unlike many else countries, the United States does not have charge controls for prescription drugs, and US medication prices are often detected as increased in examination to remaining countries. Therefore, best upbeat security programs have prescription clearing devices where the uncomplaining pays only a itty-bitty co-paymentability and the pharmacy is reimbursedability the pause of the cost by the cover cast.


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prescription and drug (freely sold in some underdeveloped regions) or Refresh liquigel is prescribed to patients with many subjects different conditions is because of its strong diuretic properties.
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First: Please don't flag this as a duplicate, because all the questions in the Stack Exchange don't even near answer my question.
Please note it still plays correctly within the preview. How weird.
One thing I have tried is to delete all the clips and re-import them, and that appeared to work until I figured out that they were all out of order. Re-arranging them sent me back to the drawing board. This sort of hints that they're interacting with each other, which really doesn't make sense if each individual video file has this problem itself.
I am using Blender v2.73. The video codec for all clips and final output is H.264 and the audio codec for them is MP3. Boy, this is confusing.
Let me know if there's any crucial information I had forgot to add, let me know. Thanks to anyone who can help me with this ridiculous problem!
Highly compressed files can exhibit decompression errors, that is frame arrangement errors. And this can lead to Blender having a confused time stamp. In other words the h264 files can confuse Blender entirely.
Try creating a proxy/timecode for each video clip. You can just select timecode free run, and dont worry about a proxy. This should help Blender allocate the correct frame to the clip's image sequence.
Try changing or transcoding the source media to a frame sequence, this pretty much guarantees a correct time stamp for Blender.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged rendering video-sequence-editor or ask your own question.


text:
Xanionotum setulitibia är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Borgmeier 1938. Xanionotum setulitibia ingår i släktet Xanionotum och familjen puckelflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Costa Rica. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Puckelflugor
setulitibia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Eren Eralp is a Turkish composer, music producer and sound designer. He has studied classical guitar and composition. He has had a lot of stage experience and collaborates with well known artists in Turkey. Currently he is working in his studio composing songs for media; advertising, TV shows, and film scoring. He is particularly interested in combining sounds of the East with sounds from the West.


text:
Biblio File:Latvian childhood, pain remembered
PUBLISHED: December 9, 2010 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 8, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
Zigrid (Zig) Vidners writes for the "younger generations of exiled Latvians," recalling her childhood in the city (Riga, the capital) and on the family farm in the years between world wars. The story quietly unfolds in "I Grew Up In Latvia" (paperback, self-published; for purchase information contact the author at vidners@sbcglobal.net).
The first half of the book takes the author to her thirteenth year and recounts mostly happy memories. Life is much more unsettled in the second half. Zigrid encounters the first feelings of love and faces the implications of war. The story is really a love affair with Latvia and invites slow reading on a rainy day to take in the sights and sounds of a time long past.
Lyon Books is hosting a signing in the new year on Thursday, Feb. 17, at 7 p.m.
The author remembers some of "the most joyous celebrations in Latvia, the Midsummer Fest" called "Ligo," "to sway." People begin to sway, "reaching out toward each other and toward the higher powers who bring them blessings." She is close to her father, a military man, but has an uneasy relationship with her mother. Zigrid learns to herd cows and loves to spend time in the nearby forest.
But history intrudes. Latvian freedom "was interrupted by the forceful invasion by the Soviet Union in 1940, which brought a pattern of terror that many Latvians would never forget. The outbreak of World War II brought German occupation in 1941, then a Soviet onslaught again in 1944. Knowing what this would bring, many made the hard decision to leave their beloved country to save their lives."
At 15, "a strange thing happened to me. … As I looked at the pale evening sky against the dark treetops of the forest, I thought how another day was gone and the night was coming. But then these ordinary thoughts took on a deeper meaning. It was as if somebody had said these words to me, making me realize that "my night" too would come one day… Was it God who talked to me for the first time?"
In the end, Zigrid and her family must flee Latvia for Germany. That is another tale, for another book.
Dan Barnett teaches philosophy at Butte College. To submit review copies of published books, please send e-mail to danbarnett@me.com. Columns are archived on the Musable blog, http://dielbee.blogspot.com.
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