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England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions
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URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2017/529.html
Cite as: [2018] WLR 3157, [2018] WLR(D) 190, [2018] 1 WLR 3157, [2018] EWCA Civ 529, [2018] HLR 24
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Neutral Citation Number: [2018] EWCA Civ 529
Case No: C1/2015/3678
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL (CIVIL DIVISION)
ON APPEAL FROM THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE
QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION
THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
MR JUSTICE MITTING
CO/5316/2015
Royal Courts of Justice
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL
B e f o r e :
LORD JUSTICE DAVIS
THE SENIOR PRESIDENT OF TRIBUNALS
LORD JUSTICE SALES
Appellant
WATFORD BOROUGH COUNCIL
Toby Vanhegan and Riccardo Calzavara (instructed by Arkrights Solicitors) for the Appellant
Michael Paget and Zoë Whittington (instructed by Watford Borough Council) for the Respondent
Hearing date: March 1 2018
HTML VERSION OF JUDGMENT
Crown Copyright ©
Lord Justice Davis:
This appeal involves a point of statutory interpretation. The provision in question is s. 204A of the Housing Act 1996, as amended ("the 1996 Act"). The point is said to be of some potential wider importance. It involves considering whether, in the circumstances of a case such as this, it is the High Court or the County Court which has jurisdiction to determine a challenge to a decision on the part of a Local Authority to refuse to provide interim accommodation pursuant to s. 204(4) of the 1996 Act.
By a decision made on 5 November 2015 in the High Court, in judicial review proceedings commenced (in the Administrative Court) by the claimant, Mitting J decided that such a challenge should have been, and should be, made in the County Court. In consequence, he refused the claimant permission to apply for judicial review. The claimant appealed to this court. On 19 May 2016 Longmore LJ granted permission to apply for judicial review and directed that the claim be retained in the Court of Appeal for substantive decision.
In the light of subsequent events the issue has in point of fact become academic so far as the claimant is concerned. However, because the appeal raised a point of statutory interpretation of potential wider importance it was directed by my Lord, the Senior President of Tribunals, on 8 December 2017 that, exceptionally, the matter should be permitted to proceed to a final hearing.
Before us the claimant was represented by Mr Vanhegan and Mr Calzavara. The respondent Local Authority was represented by Mr Paget and Ms Whittington. I would like to acknowledge the thorough and careful arguments presented to us.
The legislative regime
In order to make any sense of the point that has arisen it is necessary at the outset to set out the relevant statutory provisions, which are to be found in Part VII of the 1996 Act in so far as it relates to England.
By s. 184 it is, in the relevant respects, provided as follows:
"Inquiry into cases of homelessness or threatened homelessness.
(1) If the local housing authority have reason to believe that an applicant may be homeless or threatened with homelessness, they shall make such inquiries as are necessary to satisfy themselves—
(a) whether he is eligible for assistance, and
(b) if so, whether any duty, and if so what duty, is owed to him under the following provisions of this Part.
(2) They may also make inquiries whether he has a local connection with the district of another local housing authority in England, Wales or Scotland.
(3) On completing their inquiries the authority shall notify the applicant of their decision and, so far as any issue is decided against his interests, inform him of the reasons for their decision."
Section 188 provides as follows:
"Interim duty to accommodate in case of apparent priority need.
(1) If the local housing authority have reason to believe that an applicant may be homeless, eligible for assistance and have a priority need, they shall secure that accommodation is available for his occupation pending a decision as to the duty (if any) owed to him under the following provisions of this Part.
(1A) But if the local housing authority have reason to believe that the duty under section 193 (2) may apply in relation to an applicant in the circumstances referred to in section 195A (1), they shall secure that accommodation is available for the applicant's occupation pending a decision of the kind referred to in subsection (1) regardless of whether the applicant has a priority need.
(2) The duty under this section arises irrespective of any possibility of the referral of the applicant's case to another local housing authority (see sections 198 to 200).
(3) The duty ceases when the authority's decision is notified to the applicant, even if the applicant requests a review of the decision (see section 202).
The authority may secure that accommodation is available for the applicant's occupation pending a decision on a review."
Thus the duty arising under s. 188 (1) arises in a "reason to believe" scenario. That duty ceases to apply in the circumstances set out in s. 188 (3); but a power to provide accommodation is then conferred, pending a decision on a review. Sections 189 and 193 then deal respectively with those who are in priority need of accommodation and who are not homeless intentionally.
The right to request a review of a decision is conferred by s. 202. It is to be exercised within 21 days of notification of the decision in question (or such longer period as the authority may allow). Where a request is duly made, the authority concerned is obliged, by s. 202 (4), to review the decision.
Section 203 then provides for the procedure to be followed in connection with a review under s. 202. Provision is also made for the Secretary of State to make regulations in this respect. This was effected by the Allocation of Housing and Homeless (Review Procedures) Regulations 1999: which among other things, by Regulation 9, provide for a period of eight weeks in which most ordinary review decisions are to be made. Section 203 (3) requires that the applicant be notified of the decision on the review. This is provided by s. 203 (5):
"(5) In any case they shall inform the applicant of his right to appeal to the county court on a point of law, and of the period within which such an appeal must be made."
Central to the arguments before us are s. 204 and s. 204A: the latter having been introduced, by amendment, by s. 11 of the Homelessness Act 2002. Section 204 provides as follows:
"Right of appeal to county court on point of law.
(1) If an applicant who has requested a review under section 202—
(a) is dissatisfied with the decision on the review, or
(b) is not notified of the decision on the review within the time prescribed under section 203,
he may appeal to the county court on any point of law arising from the decision or, as the case may be, the original decision.
(2) An appeal must be brought within 21 days of his being notified of the decision or, as the case may be, of the date on which he should have been notified of a decision on review.
(2A) The court may give permission for an appeal to be brought after the end of the period allowed by subsection (2), but only if it is satisfied—
(a) where permission is sought before the end of that period, that there is a good reason for the applicant to be unable to bring the appeal in time; or
(b) where permission is sought after that time, that there was a good reason for the applicant's failure to bring the appeal in time and for any delay in applying for permission.
(3) On appeal the court may make such order confirming, quashing or varying the decision as it thinks fit.
(4) Where the authority were under a duty under section 188, 190 or 200 to secure that accommodation is available for the applicant's occupation, or had the power under section 19 (8) to do so, they may secure that accommodation is so available—
(a) during the period for appealing under this section against the authority's decision, and
(b) if an appeal is brought, until the appeal (and any further appeal) is finally determined."
Section 204A provides as follows:
"Section 204(4): appeals
(1) This section applies where an applicant has the right to appeal to the county court against a local housing authority's decision on a review.
(2) If the applicant is dissatisfied with a decision by the authority—
(a) not to exercise their power under section 204 (4) ("the section 204(4) power") in his case;
(b) to exercise that power for a limited period ending before the final determination by the county court of his appeal under section 204 (1) ("the main appeal"); or
(c) to cease exercising that power before that time,
he may appeal to the county court against the decision.
(3) An appeal under this section may not be brought after the final determination by the county court of the main appeal.
(4) On an appeal under this section the court—
(a) may order the authority to secure that accommodation is available for the applicant's occupation until the determination of the appeal (or such earlier time as the court may specify); and
(b) shall confirm or quash the decision appealed against,
and in considering whether to confirm or quash the decision the court shall apply the principles applied by the High Court on an application for judicial review.
(5) If the court quashes the decision it may order the authority to exercise the section 204 (4) power in the applicant's case for such period as may be specified in the order.
(6) An order under subsection (5)—
(a) may only be made if the court is satisfied that failure to exercise the section 204 (4) power in accordance with the order would substantially prejudice the applicant's ability to pursue the main appeal;
(b) may not specify any period ending after the final determination by the county court of the main appeal."
Those, then, are the salient parts of the legislative scheme for present purposes.
The claimant, Mr Oliver Davis, has had troubles in his life. He was born on 5 October 1976. It is said that his childhood was marked by episodes of physical abuse. There have been psychiatric issues; physical, personal and health issues; and, in particular, problems with alcohol.
On 29 August 2014 he applied to the respondent for homelessness assistance. By a detailed decision letter dated 8 December 2014 the respondent decided that he was not in priority need: that decision being made under s. 184 of the 1996 Act. He in due course, through his solicitors, made a request for review of that decision. Lengthy representations were periodically presented. Ultimately, on 31 August 2015 the respondent sent a detailed letter indicating that it was "minded to" uphold the original decision that the claimant did not have a priority need.
At this time, therefore, the respondent still had not made, let alone notified, its actual decision on the review. On 27 October 2015 the claimant then lodged an appeal in the County Court, under s. 204 of the 1996 Act, seeking to challenge as unlawful the original s. 184 decision of 8 December 2014 (there at this stage being no notified decision on the review to challenge). In the meantime, however, he had, as we were told, been housed in temporary accommodation.
The claimant also, through his solicitors, requested interim accommodation pending determination of his s. 204 appeal to the County Court. The respondent refused to provide this; and a detailed pre-action protocol letter for the purposes of a judicial review claim was sent on 28 October 2015. At this time, the claimant's temporary accommodation had been extended to 29 October 2015 but no further.
The respondent then responded to this letter on the following day, 29 October 2015, setting out in some detail its reasons – in a form plainly and explicitly designed to reflect the decision in R v Camden LBC ex p. Mohammed (1998) 30 HLR 189 – for refusing the request for interim accommodation and for declining, as it put it in the concluding sentence, "to exercise its discretion under section 188 (3) of the Act in your client's favour."
In the light of that, the claimant issued judicial review proceedings in the High Court (Administrative Court) on 3 November 2015. The claim sought reconsideration of the decision of 29 October 2015. It also sought interim relief in the form of provision of suitable accommodation.
The proceedings in the Administrative Court
On 3 November 2015, Wilkie J, on an ex parte basis, made an order that suitable accommodation be provided for the claimant. He gave liberty to apply to vary or discharge his order.
The respondent promptly did apply to discharge. The matter came before Mitting J, sitting in the Administrative Court, on 5 November 2015. The respondent was represented by Mr Paget. The claimant was represented by Mr Calzavara.
Understandably, given the urgency, no detailed written arguments had been prepared. Mr Calzavara had not realised until just before the hearing that the point was being taken by the respondent about the jurisdiction of the High Court to entertain
the matter by way of judicial review proceedings and that it was to be argued that there was a suitable alternative remedy available in the County Court. The point having been so raised, however, it was then developed in oral argument before the judge, Mr Calzavara (who had not had the opportunity to research the matter) having to present his arguments on the hoof, as it were. No authorities were cited to the judge.
The argument of Mr Paget, then as now, came to this. By its letter of 29 October 2015 the respondent had, as he said, made its decision under s. 204 (4). That being so, the claimant could, under s. 204A (2), appeal to the County Court: which could then, if it saw fit, grant the appropriate relief under s. 204A (4). His stance was that the wording of s. 204A (1) was sufficiently broad, purposively and properly read, to confer such a jurisdiction: even though at that time the respondent had not actually made a decision on the review.
The argument of Mr Calzavara (reflecting the argument developed more fully before us by Mr Vanhegan) was that the meaning and effect of the wording of s. 204A (1) was such, properly read according to its actual terms, that the appeal jurisdiction of the County Court under s. 204A only arose where there had been a "decision on a review" by the local authority. Here there had not. It followed that the proceedings had necessarily and properly been commenced as judicial review proceedings in the High Court.
Mitting J preferred the argument advanced on behalf of the respondent. In discussion he at one stage had said:
"I can't for the life of me see why Parliament should give you a right of appeal, provide for a time limit in both events, and then only confer the ancillary rights in one case and not the other."
In his following ex tempore judgment that remained his position. The central part of his judgment is at paragraphs 9 and 10, where he said this:
"9. I am satisfied that Mr Paget's revised construction, not his original one, of the statutory provisions is right. It seems to me that Parliament has enacted a statutory code for dealing with these cases when the claimant has a right of appeal to a county court rather than in the somewhat more constrained circumstances for which Mr Calzavara contends, namely when the local authority has made a decision on review. It seems to me that the draftsman has used a convenient shorthand in section 204A (1) and when he refers to "a local authority's decision on review" he must be taken to mean a decision and an absence of a decision on review sufficient to permit the claimant to exercise his right of appeal to the county court on a point of law. There is no practical reason why there should be any distinction between the two, and it does not require stretching the statutory language unduly to achieve the sensible result.
10. In my judgment the statutory provisions mean that where the claimant has a right of appeal to a county court on a point of law, then the county court has the power to order that accommodation be secured for him pending the determination of his appeal."
Having so decided, he went on to hold that the relevant power had been available to the authority under s. 204 (4) in this case (a point which was not challenged before us). He then went on to refuse permission to apply for judicial review and discharged the Order of Wilkie J. He did, however, direct provision of interim accommodation until Monday 9 November 2015, in order to enable an appeal to be mounted by the claimant under s. 204A in the County Court in the meantime. He made no order as to costs.
In the event, as we were told, an appeal under s. 204A was commenced in the County Court as contemplated by Mitting J. This was then compromised on terms that interim accommodation continued to be provided to the claimant. Further, on 17 November 2015 the respondent notified its decision on the review under s. 202. The claimant then appealed in the County Court, under s. 204, against that decision on 8 December 2015. We were disconcerted to be told that that appeal, which we gather is being pursued, still has not been listed for hearing in the County Court. It should have been. Appeals of such a kind should be heard promptly. It also is regrettable that the hearing of the present claim in this court – even if not a matter of urgency – has, for various reasons, been marked by delay.
In some ways, the competing arguments can be presented as representing a head-on clash between what can be styled a literal interpretation of s. 204A (1) and what can be styled as a purposive interpretation. For this purpose, we were referred to passages from Bennion on Interpretation (6th ed) for the relevant principles of construction. But I do not think that I need set those out here.
Mr Vanhegan in this context also referred us to the observations of Lord Bingham in R v Bentham [2005] UKHL 18, [2005] 1 WLR 1057 where at paragraph 10 he said this:
"Rules of statutory construction have a valuable role when the meaning of a statutory provision is doubtful but none where, as here, the meaning is plain."
For his part, Mr Paget referred us to the decision of the House of Lords in R (Quintavalle) v Secretary of State for Health [2003] UKHL 13, [2003] 2 AC 687 and in particular to the observation of Lord Steyn at paragraph 21 that "nowadays the shift towards purposive interpretation is not in doubt." Mr Paget also referred, with some relish, to the remarks of Learned Hand J, there quoted by Lord Steyn, about the need "not to make a fortress out of the dictionary". We also were referred to the decision of the House of Lords in R v Z (AG for Northern Ireland's Reference) [2005] UKHL 35 and observations there made as to the need to interpret a statute in the light of its purpose set in the historical context and the mischief designed to be addressed.
In my view, and whether at first sight or at second sight, the meaning of s. 204A (1) appears plain. It applies where an applicant has the right to appeal to the County Court "against a local housing authority's decision on a review". I agree with Mr Paget that s. 204A has to be put in the context of s. 204 (indeed, it has to be put in the context also of Part VII as a whole). But if that is done, those words in s. 204A (1) naturally link back to, and refer only to, the provisions of s. 204 (1)(a) relating to a "decision on the review". On the face of it, it is impossible to see how such words can relate to the position where there has been no decision on the review. The submission of Mr Paget in effect involves the proposition that the word "decision" includes a situation where there has been no decision: a difficult proposition indeed.
Mr Paget, however, focused on the wording of s. 204 (1)(b). He said – and Mr Vanhegan agreed – that that wording, notwithstanding some possible ambiguity, is apt to cover two situations: (i) where a decision on the review has been made within the time prescribed but not actually notified (a relatively unlikely scenario, though possible); and (ii) where no decision on the review has been made within the time prescribed. That wording, he goes on to say, explains what he describes as "the convenient short-hand" (in the phrase of Mitting J.) of s. 204A (1). Thus he submits that a decision under s. 204 (4) can be challenged on appeal to the County Court both where there has been a decision on the review (s. 204 (1) (a)) and where there has been no decision on the review, or notification thereof, within the prescribed time (s. 204 (1) (b)). Overall, he said, it made no sense to confer jurisdiction on the County Court to decide an appeal substantively, whether or not there has been a decision on the review (see s. 204 (1)); and not to confer the like jurisdiction on the County Court, where interim accommodation pending such appeal has been refused, in both such situations.
With respect, I do not think that this will do. As it happens, s. 204 (1) (b) in fact seems to involve a drafting slip: in that the intended reference is presumably meant to be to "a" decision on the review: which, indeed, is how it is put in s. 204 (2). But leaving that aside, just because s. 204 (1) (b) extends, as counsel agreed, to the two identified scenarios that does not mean that s. 204A (1) must: on the contrary, as I have said, its actual wording does not link to s. 204 (1) (b) at all. Moreover, and reflecting that, if there has been no decision on the review there can be no right to appeal to the County Court against any decision to review (just because none exists). Rather, as s. 204 (1) itself makes clear, the substantive appeal on a point of law is then to the original decision (in the present case, the s. 184 decision of 8 December 2014): this reflecting the words "or, as the case may be, the original decision." All this tells against the respondent's interpretation of s. 204A (1).
As Mr Vanhegan submitted, and I agree, the interpretation advanced on behalf of the respondent involves rewriting s. 204A (1). Certainly the sub-section could readily and easily, if it had been the intention, have been so expressed as to apply where an applicant has the right to appeal to the County Court under s. 204 (1). But that it very conspicuously does not do.
Do, then, wider purposive considerations enable the court to depart from this plain meaning? I do not think that they do. I do not think that torturing the language in the direction of the respondent's interpretation is sustainable. In any event, I formed the view that the purposive arguments advanced, although perhaps initially attractive (and it is understandable why, on the limited arguments advanced to him, Mitting J found them attractive), on analysis proved to be very suspect.
There is no doubt that at least one principal purpose of s. 204A (as introduced by the 2002 Act) was to remove from the High Court the burden of being the only court empowered to entertain challenges to refusals by housing authorities to provide temporary accommodation: see, for instance, paragraph 22 of the judgment of Simon Brown LJ in Francis v Kensington and Chelsea LBC [2003] EWCA Civ 443, [2003] 1 WLR 2248.
That being so, Mr Paget's argument seemed to take it as a given that the purpose was that all such challenges (emphasis added) were to be pursued in the County Court, or at all events all such challenges comprehended within s. 204. When asked what materials he relied on to support his proposition in so far as it relied on all such challenges (emphasis added), he referred us to the Explanatory Notes to s. 11 of the 2002 Act and to the Homelessness Code of Guidance for Local Authorities (to which, under s. 182 of the 1996 Act, a housing authority is required to have regard). But, when studied, those materials lend no real support to his argument: on the contrary, they simply offer a brief summary of the statutory provisions and would just as well accord with Mr Vanhegan's interpretation.
I could perhaps see some force in this point if the interpretation advanced on behalf of the claimant had the consequence that the only interim accommodation cases which could not be dealt with in the County Court were those where there had been no decision on the review within s. 204 (1)(b). But that simply is not so. Thus Mr Paget conceded that, for example, a challenge to an authority's refusal decision under s. 188 (3) would need to be mounted by way of judicial review proceedings in the High Court. That, to my mind, is revealing.
In this respect, there were cited to us (albeit they had not been cited to Mitting J) two authorities which, I think, are of some relevance. In the course of his judgment, with which Rix LJ agreed, Simon Brown LJ in the case of Francis (cited above) had said this at paragraph 27:
"One final point arises. Parliament, for whatever reason, has failed to confer on the county court an equivalent appeal power to that conferred by section 204A with regard to any refusal by the local authority under section 188 to exercise their power to provide an applicant with temporary accommodation pending a section 202 review. One suspects that this may have been an oversight. Either way its consequence is that any challenge to the exercise of that section 188 power would still have to be brought by way of judicial review, as in Ex p Mohammed itself. Plainly, on such an application, the Ex p Nacion approach would apply."
Again, in the case of Johnson v Westminster City Council [2013] EWCA Civ 773. [2013] HLR 45 Aikens LJ, with whom Lewison LJ agreed, said this at paragraph 20 of his judgment:
"The effect of s. 204A is that the county court has been given jurisdiction to deal with challenges to a refusal of an authority to grant temporary accommodation in a homelessness case pending an appeal to the county court from a review decision. (But, I note, the county court has not expressly been given jurisdiction to deal with any refusal to grant temporary accommodation after an adverse decision of the authority and pending a review by the authority under s. 202)."
Aikens LJ then went on to identify two potential stages in such Housing Act proceedings where the County Court had no jurisdiction with regard to challenges to an authority's refusal to provide interim accommodation. One is the stage between the original decision (for example, a s. 184 decision) and the decision on the review given under s. 202: the point made by Simon Brown LJ in Francis. Another is where the County Court has dismissed the appeal from the review decision, under s. 204, and the applicant then seeks interim accommodation pending an appeal to the Court of Appeal: the point raised in Johnson itself. In such a situation, judicial review is the appropriate procedure, as Johnson decided.
The obvious point to be gathered from all this, therefore, is this. If Parliament has left such interim accommodation challenges in such situations to judicial review proceedings in the High Court it then is by no means necessarily offensive to think that Parliament may likewise have wished to leave to the High Court challenges on interim accommodation decisions under s. 204 (4) where no decision on the review has been made.
One can postulate other examples where judicial review in the High Court is the available procedure in this context. Thus, when it was put to him in argument, Mr Paget accepted that if an authority failed to produce a decision on the review within the prescribed time then, at all events in theory, a legal challenge could be brought for production of such a decision, by seeking a mandatory order by way of judicial review proceedings. So also if an authority were to fail to produce any decision at all under s. 204 (4) itself: that failure too would seem to be capable of being challenged in judicial review proceedings. Further potential examples identified in argument (in cases where no decision on the review has been completed) could be where the authority has refused interim accommodation in circumstances where the appeal had been brought out of time by reference to s. 204 (2) or where a requested extension of time had been refused by reference to s. 204 (2A).
In my view, the fact that – as accepted – a challenge to an adverse s. 188 (3) decision is to be brought in judicial review proceedings in the High Court is particularly revealing. That power subsists until a decision on the review: see s. 188 (3). There is thus a potential interplay or overlap between s. 188 (3) and s. 204 (4). (It may be noted that in the present case the authority in fact refused interim accommodation by its letter of 29 October 2015 by reference to s. 188 (3).) That being so, it becomes nothing like as obvious as the respondent would have it that it was intended that s. 204A (1) should confer jurisdiction on the County Court by extending it to cases of refused interim accommodation where no review decision has been made at all. On the contrary, as it seems to me, such considerations if anything point to it being designed, consistently with the position arising for refusals under s. 188 (3), that s. 204A (1) should indeed extend, and extend only, to cases where there has actually been a decision on the review. And that is precisely what s. 204A (1), naturally and ordinarily read on its express terms, says.
I am far from saying that there might not have been sense and purpose in making all appeals from s. 204 (4) decisions (whether made in the context of appeals by reference to s. 204 (1)(a) or of appeals by reference to s. 204 (1)(b)) within the sole province of the County Court. On the contrary, one can see that that is a course which Parliament might have wished to take. But what I do say is that there is a rational and logical basis for concluding that s. 204A (1) means precisely what, on its wording, it actually says: and thus that Parliament had declined to take the alternative course.
Mr Vanhegan also made the point that where there has been a decision on the review then that will connote a second decision, and by a senior housing officer. But where there has been no decision on the review that, he observed, will connote that thus far there will have been only one decision, and by an often relatively junior housing officer. That, he suggests, may provide a further explanation for Parliament doing as it has done. I doubt if that point would provide a powerful purposive explanation in favour of his interpretation. But Mr Vanhegan is in fact in a position of not needing a purposive interpretation at all; and at all events this point at least further supports the conclusion that a literal interpretation cannot possibly be dismissed as senseless.
Finally, I note that in the various books it seems generally to be stated or assumed, by reference to s. 204A, that in a situation such as has arisen in this case – that is, where an adverse decision on interim accommodation has been made by an authority when there has been no decision on the review within the prescribed time – the appropriate procedure for challenge is by way of judicial review proceedings commenced in the High Court.
Thus in the Encyclopaedia of Housing Law and Practice at paragraph I – 3646. 23 (in the commentary on s. 204A) it is stated that in such situations judicial review "is still the correct remedy". That also is the position taken in De Smith's Judicial Review (7th ed) at paragraph 17-037 (and footnote thereto); and also in the two other leading modern practitioners' books on Homelessness and Housing Allocation.
Nor did I gain any impression that this conclusion reached will result, let alone thus far has resulted, in a flood of work for the High Court which the 2002 Act was designed to avoid. It is be deduced from the course these present proceedings have taken that practitioners have indeed, as the text-books have suggested, thus far been instituting such proceedings in the Administrative Court. From what Mr Vanhegan and Mr Paget indicated to us, it seems that court challenges in a situation such as the present are not in fact that common. That is perhaps as one would expect. For one thing, a housing authority may often be prepared, pragmatically, to offer interim accommodation. For another, it is surely not altogether unreasonable (even acknowledging the pressures and limitations on resources) to expect housing authorities ordinarily to notify their decisions on a review in accordance with the time limit which has been prescribed by the Regulations.
In my opinion, therefore, the wording of s. 204A (1) is plain and admits of only one interpretation. Further, that interpretation as so indicated does not by any means give rise to a result which is devoid of sense or purpose. I therefore would decide in favour of the claimant on this point. These proceedings were thus properly commenced as judicial review proceedings in the High Court. The parties should seek to agree an appropriate Minute of Order.
The Senior President of Tribunals:
Lord Justice Sales:
I also agree.


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· Pull Merchandise, set up style racks (tracks), style models and use style boards in a show.
· Demonstrate the ability to evaluate production team members, models, audience and the show.
· Produce and execute a real or virtual fashion show.
· Suggested Resources: Current fashion magazines, trade publications, forecasting services, and Internet sites.


Simba Run Vail Condominiums are just a short drive away from all of Vail proper's restaurants, shopping and outdoor adventure opportunities. The one- and two-bedroom condominiums at Simba Run feature fully equipped kitchens and comfortable dining and living areas. Wood-burning fireplaces create a warm and inviting atmosphere, and even though decor and amenities vary by condo, all guests have access to Simba Run's large, indoor heated pool (the largest in Vail) and hot tubs. Other hotel-like amenities include a comfortable lobby space, complimentary coffee, a fitness room and private shuttles to the slopes in the winter season. Three on-site outdoor tennis courts make Simba Run a destination for tennis lovers in the summer months.


text:
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 May;162(1):24-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.024. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
Acute antepartum pyelonephritis in pregnancy: a critical analysis of risk factors and outcomes.
Farkash E1, Weintraub AY, Sergienko R, Wiznitzer A, Zlotnik A, Sheiner E.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
To test the incidence and sonographic parameters of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and to examine risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of women with acute antepartum pyelonephritis.
STUDY DESIGN:
A retrospective population-based study comparing all singleton pregnancies of patients with and without acute antepartum pyelonephritis was performed. Patients lacking prenatal care as well as multiple gestations were excluded from the study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to control for confounders.
Out of 219,612 singleton deliveries in 1988-2010, 165 women (0.07%) suffered from acute antepartum pyelonephritis. Abnormal sonographic findings were found in 85.7% of the patients with pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis was significantly associated with nulliparity (46.1% vs. 24.4%, p<0.001), younger maternal age (26.3 ± 6.0 vs. 28.6 ± 5.8 years, p<0.001), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (6.7% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), placental abruption (3.6% vs. 0.7%, p<0.001), low 1 min Apgar scores (10.3% vs. 6.0%, p<0.05), urinary tract infection (UTI) (4.2% vs. 0.4%, p<0.001) and preterm delivery (less than 37 weeks gestation; 20.0% vs. 7.8%; p<0.001). Using a multivariable analysis, independent risk factors for acute antepartum pyelonephritis were nulliparity (OR 2.0; 95% C.I 1.4-2.9; p<0.001), UTI (OR 10.3; 95% C.I 4.8-22.1; p<0.001) and younger maternal age (OR 0.96; 95% C.I 0.93-0.99; p=0.009). Using another multivariable analysis, with preterm delivery as the outcome variable, acute antepartum pyelonephritis was found as an independent risk factor for preterm delivery (OR 2.6; 95% C.I 1.7-3.9; p<0.001).
Acute antepartum pyelonephritis is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and specifically is an independent risk factor for preterm delivery.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.024
Abruptio Placentae/diagnostic imaging
Abruptio Placentae/epidemiology
Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnostic imaging
Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Pregnancy Complications/diagnostic imaging
Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology*
Pyelonephritis/diagnostic imaging
Pyelonephritis/epidemiology*
Health Problems in Pregnancy - MedlinePlus Health Information

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A matrix is a way that we organize large amounts of data. An introduction to matrices and matrix operations is very important, especially when we get into upper-level mathematics. Matrices come in various dimensions and we write the dimensions of a matrix as the number of rows x the number of columns. We can also identify a specific figure in the matrix by writing the row location and the column location.
How to talk about matrices.
When working with matrices, we can perform a number of matrix operations including matrix addition and subtraction. When adding or subtracting matrices, we first need to ensure that the matrices have the same dimensions, which is the number of rows times the number of columns. If they have the same dimensions, then we simply add or subtract the numbers in the corresponding locations.
Matrix Operations - Adding, Subtracting, and Multiplying by a constant for matrices is discussed.
This video explains how to multiply matrices.
This video shows how to multiply matrices.
This video demonstrates how to perform matrix multiplication.
To solve a system of linear equations, we can use substitution, elimination or something we call augmented matrices. To use matrices to solve a system of linear equations, we first enter the values associated with each of the variables and the answer. Once we put the information into a matrix, we can use matrix operations to solve.
This video introduces augmented matrices for the purpose of solving systems of equations. It also introduces row echelon and reduced row echelon form.
This video shows how to transform and augmented matrix to row echelon form to solve a system of equations.
This video shows how to transform and augmented matrix to reduced row echelon form to solve a system of equations.


Ostensibly the most acclaimed destination for safari in Africa, the immense, open fields of the Serengeti exemplify, for some, what Africa is about. In the Serengeti National Park the meadows are meandered by a great many wildebeest, zebra and others, while being stalked by a portion of the landmass' fiercest predators; the powerful lion, the leopard, the cheetah, to give some examples.
This performance center for the biggest earthbound warm blooded animal relocation on Earth extends from the Ngorongoro Highlands in the south, to Kenya's Maasai Mara in the north. Around 30,000 km2 in size, the Serengeti National Park is flanked on all sides by exceptional protection territories, including the Grumeti Game Reserve andNgorongoro Conservation Area.
The groups are a magnet for extensive predators from lion and hyena to wild puppy, so there are numerous open doors for exceptional wildlife sightings. Numerous safari camps in the north are likewise arranged near crocodile-filled streams, which wildebeest cross at their very own danger.
The majority of the "Big 5" can likewise be found on the Serengeti's sun bakedsavannah fields, so notwithstanding when the wildebeest have left the zone, there is a lot of lasting amusement to see. Most lodges and camps offer amusement drives in 4WD vehicles, with a chosen few giving the chance to investigate on foot or by sight-seeing balloon. Different properties additionally have a great time yet instructive projects for youngsters, so mum and father can totally unwind and make the most of their vacation.


text:
Q: Neo4j: Replacement of CASE clause because of inefficiency? I have a neo4j query which fetches all 1st degree & 2nd degree connections of a (User), and then fetches their places as owner or housemate.
I am collecting all the places and some other info with similar relationships between users through a CASE clause. But the issue is that the CASE clause takes more than 20 seconds to execute the
query, which is really bad.
MATCH (n:User), (n)-[:connected_to*1..2 {status: 1}]-(sp:User),
           (sp)<-[:owner_of|house_mate]-(place:Place)
WHERE (ID(n) = {ID_n})
      AND NOT(n)<-[:owner_of|house_mate]-(place)
MATCH (place)-[tenant:owner_of|house_mate]->(u:User)
WITH DISTINCT place,
              type(tenant) AS type,
              u,
              CASE
                WHEN (n)-[:connected_to {status: 1}]-(u) THEN '1'
                WHEN (n)-[:connected_to*1..2 {status: 1}]-(u) THEN '2'
                ELSE '3'
              END AS connection
WITH place,
     collect({type: type, u: u, connection: connection}) AS tenants
RETURN place,
       [tenant IN tenants WHERE tenant.type = 'owner_of'   | [tenant.u, tenant.connection]][0] AS owner_array,
       [tenant IN tenants WHERE tenant.type = 'house_mate' | [tenant.u, tenant.connection]] AS house_mates_array

Is there any efficient  way to return the connection among users??

A: This should be more efficient, as it uses OPTIONAL MATCH to perform the (n)-[:connected_to*1..2 {status: 1}]-(u) search once (instead of performing very similar searches up to two times in the CASE clause).
MATCH (n:user)-[:connected_to*..2 {status: 1}]-(:User)<-[:owner_of|house_mate]-(place:Place)
WHERE ID(n) = {ID_n} AND NOT(n)<-[:owner_of|house_mate]-(place)
MATCH (place)-[tenant:owner_of|house_mate]->(u:User)
OPTIONAL MATCH (n)-[ct:connected_to*..2 {status: 1}]-(u)
WITH place,
     collect({
       type: type(tenant),
       u: u,
       connection: CASE SIZE(ct)
         WHEN 1 THEN '1'
         WHEN 2 THEN '2'
         ELSE '3'
       END}) AS tenants
RETURN place,
       [t IN tenants WHERE t.type = 'owner_of'   | [t.u, t.connection]][0] AS owner_array,
       [t IN tenants WHERE t.type = 'house_mate' | [t.u, t.connection]] AS house_mates_array

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Says Texas Board of Chiropractic has Engaged in "Ill-informed Rulings Attempting to Broaden Chiropractic Scope"
The Chiropractic Society of Texas recently responded to questions about its non-support of HB 2733 and the TCA, ACA and TBCE attempts to clarify the role of the nervous system in vertebral subluxation.
Dressed up as another "save our subluxation" campaign, the Bill attempts to clean up a major mess created over several years from the repeated attempts to expand the scope of chiropractic practice into medicine by the TCA and TBCE. Now, due to their failed efforts and the resulting lawsuits that followed, chiropractors in Texas who are dependent on insurance reimbursement are becoming hysterical over their fear that they will no longer be able to diagnose, treat and bill for anything beyond vertebral subluxation.
As has been pointed out, those practicing the management of vertebral subluxation in a salutogenic model have nothing to worry about since they are not diagnosing and treating beyond the vertebral subluxation. Unfortunately that does not fit with the "sky is falling" narrative begin used by the TCA, ACA and TBCE to scare everyone into joining the TCA, donating money and supporting their Bill to clean up their own mess.
Even Parker Chiropractic College, which used to be a subluxation centered institution, has jumped in and is promoting the Bill and the lawsuit. Sources say that Parker, under the leadership of staunch ACA supporter Bill Morgan has plans to provide rehabilitation services through its clinics and that losing the ability to bill for a host of services Morgan wants those clinics to provide would ruin Parker's plans.
The Following is the full text of the Chiropractic Society of Texas' response to questions about support of the Bill.
The current law, as it pertains to the practice of Chiropractic is found in the Occupations Code, entitled, "Sec. 201.002. PRACTICE OF CHIROPRACTIC."
In this code, it is currently stated that the practice of chiropractic is "to improve the subluxation complex".
As previously discussed in past legal proceedings, the CST stands by the well-known and widely accepted definition of the vertebral "subluxation complex", which includes the nervous system.
Furthermore, the continuing legal issues against the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners (TBCE) stem from their misinterpretations of the law, thus leading to ill-informed rulings attempting to broaden our chiropractic scope into other healthcare professions' scope of practice.
Continuing to change, modify or "clarify" the role of chiropractic practice in Texas by individuals that clearly do not understand the simple definition of chiropractic only serves to feed more legal proceedings from other health professions over time.


text:
Q: MVC4 - Creating a List of Model the View and passing to controller Move MVC blues. I'm trying to populate an empty List in the View and pass it to a controller. Here the model below
//Model
public class Person{
    string name {get;set;}
    int age {get;set;}
}

Here's the controller that I'd like to send the List to
//Controllers
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult GetPeople(List<Person> people) //Trying to get here
{
    foreach(var person in people)
    {
        //Do Work
    }
    ActionResult.Redirect(/Somewhere);
}

Here's the initial controller where my view is tied to that creates and passes an empty List
public ActionResult Index()
{
    var people = new List<People>();
    return View(people);
}

Here's the view. The point of confusion. I somehow need to use a form to add to the List then submit back to GetPeople controller
//Index View
@model List<People>  //This starts out empty;

<form method="POST" action="/Home/GetPeople">

    <input name="name" />
    <input name="age" />

<button> Add Another Person</button> //I'm thinking this would create another person div which would be added to the list to be passed to the controller someohow
<button> Submit </button> //Sends List<Person> to GetPeople controller
</form>

Any ideas? Thanks

A: You need to maintain names of the input fields on your view. To be posted as a member of a list, your fields should look like

    <input name="people[0].name" />
    <input name="people[0].age" />

For the "Add Another Person" button you might need some javascript that will find out current index and insert fields with this index incremented. One thing to watch out is the "Remove" button you might want to have for new entries - make sure it does not creat gaps in indicies.


text:
Search Query: 'al' AND 'smith' : 134 Clips
Previous * 1 * [2] [3] [4] [5] [10] [14] Next
PREPARATIONS FOR CABINET MEETINGS
Deputy Cabinet Secretary, Liz Smith, Deputy Chief of Staff, Mona Sutphen, and Communications Director, Dan Pfeiffer, meet to make an agenda for the next cabinet meeting.
Date: 2009 - COLOR
Source: HD
Length: 00:00:32:00, With Audio
HD: $59 - SD: $49 - Web (320): $39
Similar: agenda, preparation, preparations, prepare, prepares, prepared, preparing, agendas, leader, leaders, politician, politicians, ruler, rulers, President
WHITE SOX AT SPRING TRAINING
The Chicago White Sox hit the fields in Sarasota, Florida, for spring training. Manager Al Lopez and owner Hank Greenberg look on.
Date: March, 1960 - BLACK/WHITE
Similar: 1960, 1960s, 1960\'s, White Sox, American League, Ted Kluszewski, Al Lopez, Hank Greenberg, Al Smith, baseball
CITIZEN ENDORSES OTTO KERNER FOR GOVERNOR - HD
A citizen endorses Otto Kerner on TV: "My name is John I. Smith. I am a Central Illinois green elevator operator. I am a Republican, but I feel I have to support Judge Otto Kerner, democratic nominee for governor." Note: Transferred from film to HD. 16x9 and 1080x1920 available in all HD & SD formats.
HD: $199 - SD: $99 - Web (320): $79
Similar: American, Americans, United States, Otto Kerner, campaign, campaigns, campaigning for , governor, governors, political, politicals, politics, animation
PROHIBITION ENDS - ROOSEVELT SIGNS LAW
Prohibition ends, Roosevelt signs law permitting sale of beer and wine. Governor Smith of New York is given first case of Budweiser beer to be delivered in state of New York. "Happy Days are here again."
Similar: prohibition ends, Manhattan skyline, Anheiser Busch, case of beer, Roosevelt, sign, signing, wine, alcohol, Governor Al Smith, Budweiser beer
1968 MEXICO CITY OLYMPICS BLACK POWER SALUTE
Capturing a controversial and significant historical moment in Olympic history, American Medalists Tommie Smith and John Carlos give the Black Power salute during the national anthem.
Source: Shot on Film, Exists on BetaSP
Similar: Olympics, Olympic, medal, medals, Black Power, african american, americans, african-american, black, blacks, athletes, athlete, stadium, stadiums, sport
ANNA NICOLE SMITH - MONEY REGRETS
During an interview Anna Nicole Smith talks about how she wishes she had saved more money before her billionaire husband's death. "I would have stashed away all the money 'cause I'd be okay right now."
Date: August 23, 1995 - COLOR
Source: Video: DV
Similar: , billionaire, billionaires, oil tycoon, tycoons, reality tv, actress, actresses, model, playboy , sexy , beautiful, gorgeous
ANNE NICOLE SMITH
A solemn Anna Nicole Smith walks down a hallway dressed in pearls and a dark dress followed by press after her husband's funeral interspersed with footage of Anna Nicole dressed in bridal white on her wedding day getting into a limousine.
Similar: , billionaire, billionaires, oil tycoon, tycoons, reality tv, actress, actresses, model, playboy , sexy
ANNA NICOLE SMITH AT J. HOWARD MARSHALL'S FUNERAL
Anne Nicole Smith stands in silhouette with only a single light on at the funeral of her late husband billionaire J. Howard Marshall.
ANNA NICOLE SMITH - BOOK SIGNING
Anna Nicole Smith signs the newly released Playboy book on her life in pictures for fan. Anna gained public attention and notoriety after marrying 80-year-old oil tycoon billionair J. Howard Marshall.
"IT WAS A DARK BLUE BUICK COUPE" SOUND BITE
Joe Friday (Jack Webb) and Frank Smith (Ben Alexander) interrogate a seated gentleman about a car. The man provides a description which his employee corrects. Berating his employee�s impudence, the gentleman snaps, "I don't know what you're trying to prove with these officers. After the way you handled the affair there's no use you trying to impress them with your prowess as a detective."
Source: Video: BetaSP
Similar: man, men, detective, detectives, sergeant, sound bite, bites, police, cops, policeman, policemen, gentleman, mustache, businessman, criticize


text:
Home » TIMag.com news » Awards » Baton Rouge, Louisiana Crowned National Champions at USTA League Presented by Chrysler 4.5 Adult National Championships
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Crowned National Champions at USTA League Presented by Chrysler 4.5 Adult National Championships
TUCSON, AZ - OCTOBER 19, 2008 - The men's team from Baton Rouge, La., representing the USTA Southern, captured the national title at the USTA League presented by Chrysler 4.5 Adult National Championships held at the Randolph Tennis Center in Tucson, Arizona.
The Baton Rouge team defeated a team from Oklahoma City, Mo.., 5-0 in the Championship match. Earlier in the day, the Baton Rouge team defeated a team from Guaynabo, Puerto Rico., 3-2 in the semifinals. They advanced this far by winning their round-robin flight contested Friday and Saturday.
The team is captained by Ryan Dornier and features Ryan Mason, Daniel Lavie, George Newton, Bobby Hawkins, Michael Dessauer, Orlando E.Street II, James Geisler III, Ryan Tusa, John Lopoo, Sumner Bell.
The top four teams in order of finish are: Southern (Baton Rouge, La.), Missouri Valley (Oklahoma City, Okla.), Mid-Atlantic (Lynchburg, Va.), and Caribbean (Guaynabo, P.R.)
This year's USTA League presented by Chrysler 4.5 Adult National Championship has drawn the top 34 teams (17 men's and 17 women's) from throughout the nation.
The USTA League program celebrated its 25th Anniversary in 2005. Established in 1980, it has grown from 13,000 participants in a few parts of the country in its first year, to over 665,000 players across the nation today, making it the world's largest recreational tennis league.
USTA League was established to provide adult recreational tennis players throughout the country with the opportunity to compete against players of similar ability levels. Players participate on teams in a league format, which is administered by the USTA through its 17 Sections. The league groups players by using six National Tennis Rating Program (NTRP) levels, ranging from 2.5 (entry) to 5.0 (advanced). USTA League is open to any USTA member 19 years of age or older. It features Adult and Mixed Doubles divisions, as well as a Senior Division (age 50) and a Super Senior Division (age 60).
Chrysler is entering its third year as the presenting sponsor and official vehicle of USTA League. HEAD Penn Racquet Sports is in its 21st year as official ball of USTA League.
For more information about USTA League presented by CHRYSLER program or the USTA as a whole, visit usta.com.
Southern - Champs (Baton Rouge/New Orleans, La.)
Front Row (L-R): Ryan Tusa, Daniel Lavie, Mike Dessauer, Ryan Mason, George Newton, Captain Ryan Dornier, Sumner Bell, Bobby Hawkins, Orlando E. Street II, John Lopoo, Jim Geisler III
Photo credit - usta


text:
// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

using Google.Ads.Gax.Config;
using Google.Api.Gax.Grpc;
using Google.LongRunning;
using Grpc.Core;

namespace Google.Ads.Gax.Lib
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A context class to bind a service instance to its call settings, and the
    /// <see cref="AdsClient{T}"/> instance that created it.
    /// </summary>
    public class AdsServiceContext<T> where T : AdsConfig
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the client.
        /// </summary>
        public AdsClient<T> Client
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the service.
        /// </summary>
        public AdsServiceClientBase<T> Service
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the call settings.
        /// </summary>
        public CallSettings CallSettings
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the LRO settings.
        /// </summary>
        public OperationsSettings OperationsSettings
        {
            get
            {
                return new OperationsSettings()
                {
                    CallSettings = CallSettings
                };
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the underlying Ads channel.
        /// </summary>
        internal ChannelBase Channel
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when a response metadata is received.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="responseMetadata">The response metadata.</param>
        internal void OnResponseMetadataReceived(IResponseMetadata responseMetadata)
        {
            Client?.OnResponseMetadataReceived?.Invoke(this, responseMetadata);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A 10lb dog should be fed 1 cup.
The first five ingredients in this food are all named meat products. The first two of these are meat inclusive of water content (about 80%) and once that is removed it is likely that these ingredients would be more accurately placed somewhat further down the ingredient list (ingredients are listed in order of weight). However, since they are followed by three meat meal ingredients, we can have very high confidence in the level of meat content of the food. There is a further meat ingredient 11th on the list. The latter of these this is too far down to make up a substantive portion of the food. That is salmon, a source of Omega 6 and Omega 3 essential fatty acids.


text:
qotd-history-History-American-California history
Which island on the west coast of the United States was also known as the "Ellis Island of the West" due to the large number of immigrants admitted through it?
And the answer: Angel Island.
Photo credit: National Archives.
From 1910 to 1940, approximately 500,000 immigrants from 80 countries were processed through Angel Island, located in San Francisco. A majority of the immigrants came from China, Japan, and other Asian and Pacific Island countries.
After the land was ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848, Angel Island became a military base. Not long after, in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, which marked the first time in United States history that a specific group was barred from entry to the country. Yet, it was just the beginning.
In the decades that followed, several other immigration laws were enacted, which collectively prohibited immigration from most countries in Asia and the Pacific. In 1910, the immigration station at Angel Island was built to enforce these policies. Medical checks, gender and race segregation, and other inhumane practices were inflicted on the immigrants who processed through Angel Island.
Race, nationality, class and gender often determined the length of an immigrants stay on Angel Island, which could range from 2 days to 2 years. While European immigrants were treated to better accommodations and better food, many Asian immigrants were crowded into barracks that even immigration inspectors deemed unsafe and unsanitary.
In 1940, these conditions took the ultimate toll when the administrative building burned down. This destruction marks the last time that the location served as an immigration processing facility. The buildings were slated for demolition in 1970, until California park ranger Alexander Weiss took a group of local professors to read the inscriptions made by Chinese immigrants in the processing space. This inspired the formation of the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, which continues to honor the legacy of the immigrants who passed through Angel Island.
Learn more about Angel Island below.


The Breastfeeding Company will do its upmost to ensure you are satisfied with your breastfeeding journey. We cannot guarantee a particular outcome given each case is individual.
The Breastfeeding Company is Insured through FEDANT, the Federation of Antenatal Educators.
Ruth and Nicola are registered midwives with The Royal College of Midwives and the Nursing & Midwifery Council.
Credit or Debit card payments will be taking at the start of each visit. Cash or cheque payments can also be made.
Cancellations of less than 24 hours notice will incur a 50% charge.
For visits out with the city bypass a travel cost will be incurred, at The Breastfeeding Company's discretion.


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text:
Sports Events In the News Kudos
Meet the IWU Class of 2021
Illinois Wesleyan welcomed approximately 420 new students in one of its most diverse entering classes for a week of Turning Titan orientation activities beginning Aug. 22.
Perera Leads Team of Current, Former Students To Observe Eclipse
Associate Professor of Physics Thushara Perera describes the experience of the total solar eclipse on a trip that included physics major Krystyna Lopez (see her photo at left).
Greder Wins Starkey Award for Service
Described as the embodiment of the Illinois Wesleyan mission, Associate Dean of Students Darcy Greder won the University's top honor for a staff member whose loyalty, enthusiasm and outstanding contributions have provided an invaluable service.
Works by CamRah, Khalili On View at Art Galleries in September
Exhibitions by a pair of collaborating artists will be on display in the Merwin Gallery and a year-in-Louisville sketchbook project will be in the Wakeley Gallery for one month, beginning Sept. 5.
Titan athletic seasons kick off next weekend, with home matches including women's soccer, cross country and football.
Oct. 13-15
Join us for Homecoming 2017 - Celebrating Titans Around the World with a focus on alumni living and working abroad, international studies majors, study abroad, and international impact of Titans.
Classes begin!
The fall semester starts today, Aug. 28.
Looking for Campus Events?
Visit the University Events Calendar.
Observable Networks, a company founded by Patrick Crowley '96 with an estimated value of $16 million, was acquired by Cisco.
More than 350 of approximately 415 first-year Illinois Wesleyan students spread across Bloomington-Normal on Friday doing volunteer work as part of Mission Day during Turning Titan orientation week.
WMBD/WYZZ TV
Jill Runyon '19 spent her summer on a farm in the Philippines, among Illinois Wesleyan students performing internships in Asia.
Craig E. Lynch '92 is stepping into the role of interim president at Kennedy-King College, part of the City Colleges of Chicago.
WJBC Radio
Illinois Wesleyan astronomer Thushara Perera explained the solar eclipse and some simple ways to view it safely.
Class Newsletter Highlight
We've made it easier to keep up with the latest news and photos from your classmates! When you visit your Class Newsletter, you can subscribe via email by submitting your address under "subscribe to my posts."
In recent updates, Robert Fred Kern '67 was presented a Lifetime Achievement Award at the biennial meeting of The National Conference on Keyboard Pedagogy. Read more.
Associate Professor and Information Literacy Librarian Chris Sweet was featured in an episode of the show Impossible Engineering on Discovery Science. The episode focuses on how Tesla cars are made, using hydraulic presses similar to those pioneered in the 1890s by a Chicago bicycle company called Western Wheel Works, which Sweet has researched as part of his scholarship on bicycle history.
David Vayo, the Fern Rosetta Sherff Professor of Music, attended the world premiere performance of his Ceremony of Yearning at the National Recital Hall in Taipei, Taiwan on June 8. Chen Shih-Cheng conducted the Little Giant Chinese Chamber Orchestra.
Two Illinois Wesleyan alumni, Sarah (Sturtevant) Blabolil '03 and Kory Blumer '03, were both promoted to partner with Ernst & Young LLP.
Emily Schoerning '05 heads up the Science Booster Club program for the National Center for Science Education. The science outreach initiative is aimed at bringing the science behind climate change and evolution to regular citizens.
Campus Weekly is an electronic newsletter from Illinois Wesleyan's Office of Communications, edited by Ann Aubry, director of communications. To submit items of interest, email webedit@iwu.edu.
Visit titanpride.org today to update your profile, register for an event, post pictures, or simply get back in touch.


Looking to receive exclusive discounts and promotions on Apress eBooks? If so, please sign up for our User Group Program. You can sign up as an individual member of a group, or as a group leader.
We will use this information to guide our unique offers, so don't be shy when choosing your interest.


text:
About the Bolingbrook Babbler
The truth is unbelievable!
bolingbrookbabbler
William Brinkman works in logistics, and has maintained the Bolingbrook Babbler since 1998. He's also been an editor at an alternative publication based in Iowa, and a contributor for White Wolf's Demon: The Fallen game line. William's has been active in the Chicagoland secular community, and is involved in a humanistic congregation.
Bolingbrook Babbler's Facebook Page
Previous Babbler site
Bolingbrook Antifa unleashes weapon of 'mass-milkshaking' (Fiction)
Mike Gravel arrested at Clow UFO Base during the Interplanetary Democratic debate (Fiction)
Trustee Watts prayer duel with former Lt. Governor Sanguinetti ends in a draw (Fiction)
Is Weed World coming to Bolingbrook? (Fiction)
Residents, aliens and were-dogs enjoy Bolingbrook's Pride and Puppies event (Mixed)
Bolingbrook covert task force breaks up gay pride toter march (Fiction)
Bolingbrook repels alien weather attack (Fiction)
Web Exclusive: Village of Bolingbrook to establish 'milkshake-free' zones (Fiction)
Interceptor from Clow UFO Base shot down over Palatine (Fiction)
William Brinkman on Bolingbrook Antifa unleashes weapon of 'mass-milkshaking' (Fiction)
Crip Dyke, Right Reverend Feminist FuckToy of Death & Her Handmaiden on Bolingbrook Antifa unleashes weapon of 'mass-milkshaking' (Fiction)
nickdean on Bolingbrook covert task force breaks up gay pride toter march (Fiction)
chigau (違う) on Happy 50th Birthday to the SHJ (Non-fiction)
chigau (違う) on Vandalism is still not acceptable in Bolingbrook or anywhere else (Non-fiction)
bigwhale on 'The Girl Survives Cancer In This One' is more than the ending (Non-Fiction)
Kristjan Wager on Has it really been twenty years? (Non-fiction)
voyager on Has it really been twenty years? (Non-fiction)
chigau (違う) on Has it really been twenty years? (Non-fiction)
ridana on From the Webmaster: Video from the future? (Mixed)
Unless stated otherwise, all posts on this blog are works of fiction.
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Immigrant children relocated to Clow UFO Base (Fiction)
By Reporter X
Approximately 100 of the 1475 children of immigrants detained by U.S. Customs and Border Protection are being held at Bolingbrook's Clow UFO Base.
"They're being cared for by alien volunteers," said Patrick Z. Hamilton, an administrator for the Bolingbrook Department of Interstellar Affairs. "Since the government started its unofficial policy of separating children of migrants from their families, they have to be kept somewhere. So they might as well be brought here."
Hamilton insisted the children are receiving adequate care. "I think of this as an opportunity to teach our visitors about human childrearing."
Ogtog, a visitor from Kepler-62f, is fostering 4 human infants. Ogtog allowed this reporter to watch her care for one of her children. She walked up to a plastic crib and covered her face with a human paper mask as she peered into the crib.
"Hello, human youngling I have named George. I am here to give you the proper amount of formula. Your smart diaper says it is clean. So after I feed you, I will put on my fursuit and cuddle you for 32.5 seconds. In 3.52 weeks, we will experiment with feeding you a blended mix of green plants and animal flesh. Shall we begin?"
George started crying.
"I don't have a problem taking care of human babies, but they really shouldn't be separated from their parents at such an early age."
An advisor on interstellar affairs for the Bolingbrook United Party, who asked not to be identified, fears that the children will never be returned to their families. "We're being told that their foster parents plan to adopt them, just to raise them to be translators. They'll spend the rest of their lives in servitude. Like in the Native Tongue trilogy. That's horrifying, and we're doing everything we can to reunite them with their families."
Hamilton disagrees. "If you don't want your family torn apart, don't enter the United States, and don't apply for asylum on our side of the border. Unless you're a rich Norwegian. Then you're more than welcome to move here!"
Ogtog denied any plans to take her children off-world: "I'm just trying to help humans in need. It's hard to believe that a species can be so passionate about who lives on which side of an imaginary line."
Mayor Roger Claar, when called, only said the following: "I'm going to start issuing a score to every publication that covers Bolingbrook. Your score is -9000, and that is not good! Remember our troops who died so I can be a US Mayor!"
Also in the Babbler:
Remember those who died to protect our country and our planet
Russians launch heat attack against Bolingbrook
Claar: Atheists are not enforcing 'Secular Sharia Law' in Bolingbrook
God to smite Bolingbrook on 6/2/18
William Brinkman
From the Webmaster: Transparent Expedition blogger celebrates his son's graduation (Mixed)
Patrick L. Green, the blogger behind Transparent Expedition, wrote a moving article celebrating his son's graduation:
Selfishly, my son's graduation is a proud moment. He survived. Countless other transgender youth have taken their own lives because they were not supported and countless teens have been killed in school because we live in a nation where people have an unhealthy obsession and love of guns.
Congratulations on your son's achievement. I just wish his experience in Bolingbrook could have been better.
LBG+, National Politics
Illuminati honors Professor Jordan Peterson (Fiction)
The Illuminati honored controversial Canadian professor Jordan Peterson at a ceremony held at the Bolingbrook Golf Club.
File photo of Jordan Peterson by Adam Jacobs.
"The New World Order underestimated the power of his words," said Simon, Grand Master Councilor of Western Canada. "Our branch of the Illuminati didn't, and today he is a potent weapon in our quest to create global chaos."
Deputy Mayor Michael Lawler performed the glowing orb ritual for Peterson, then presented him with a medal. It was Lawler's first time performing the ritual, and Mayor Roger Claar, who was in the audience, nodded in approval.
Peterson wiped away tears as he accepted the award.
"I shouldn't have cut onions before the ritual," said Peterson. The gathered officials laughed.
Peterson then thanked the Illuminati for the honor: "Honestly, I never dreamed I would get this far. I thought I was going to be an ordinary professor and make some spare money selling self-help books. When Simon approached me, I honestly didn't take him seriously. He promised to make me a messiah of masculinity. I just expected to sell a few more books. This will be one of the few times I will admit to being wrong. I now understand the full power of the Illuminati."
He went on to talk about his followers: "They will follow me no matter what I tell them. I say there's no such thing as an atheist, and atheists follow me. I say witches and dragons are real, and skeptics follow me. There are men who tell me that I am the voice in their head. I'm still amazed. I am proof that if you act like a man, you can get anything you want and good things will fall into your lap."
Peterson added that he has some idea of why he's popular: "The New World Order has imposed many changes on society, especially on gender roles. These changes make men feel uncomfortable. Thanks to our esteemed society, I can exploit their discomfort, and turn them into pawns for the Illuminati. The Left makes them feel bad for exploiting women and minorities. I tell them those people were never exploited, and if they gain rights, you will lose rights. It's sounds smart, and since they believe they're smart, they won't question me. I make supporting traditional sexism sound like being part of the dark counter-culture!"
He then concluded by stating he agreed with the ultimate goal of the Illuminati. "I tell my followers that chaos is feminine. I say that because I believe that global chaos will give birth to a better world. A world that will keep men on top. A world where women and so-called minorities will enjoy freedom from choice. A world that will be just like the classical civilizations. We've made great strides since the election of Donald Trump. Let's keep the momentum going. Fnord!"
After the speech, Lawler asked Peterson a question: "You say you are opposed to equality of outcomes, yet you want all men to have sexual partners. Isn't that a contradiction?"
Peterson smiled. "You don't make one million dollars a year by telling horny men they're not entitled to hot women."
Aliens arrested for offering condoms to Bolingbrook teenagers
Sources: Claar asking 'Internet troll factories' to move to Bolingbrook
Clow UFO base forced to 'draft' BHS students for internships
God to smite Bolingbrook on 5/23/18
Anonymous Sources: Rogue Township trustees set fire to IKEA solar panel (Fiction)
Three 'rogue' DuPage Township trustees set fire to one of Bolingbrook IKEA's solar panels as a sacrifice to the Illuminati.
"My brother was one of the first firefighters on the roof," said Angie, who asked that we not use her last name. "He said he saw trustees (Alyssia Benford), (Maripat Oliver), and (Dennis Raga) dancing around a burning solar panel. They were chanting 'Fnord.'"
According to the sources, when approached by the firefighters, the three trustees insisted they were ""Chaos Knights." The trustees said the Illuminati recently knighted them, and they demanded the firefighters let the fire burn because they were "performing a ritual."
"Don't you read the Babbler?" asked Oliver. "Bolingbrook is an Illuminati village. As members of the Illuminated Knights of Chaos, we can do anything we want to in the name of chaos. Right now, we want to sacrifice this solar panel to seek the favor of the spirits of coal!"
"That's not the only reason," added Benford. "I'm participating in this ritual to ensure the success of my campaign for State Representative. God is on my side. Republican pensioners are on my side, Republican parents are on my side, and after this ritual, the Illuminati will be on my side! I'm going to break the deadlock in Springfield, destroy the rules, and create chaos in Illinois. This state will become an anarchist capitalist's dream."
"Yeah!" added Raga. "We hold all the power in DuPage Township. You can't tell us what to do. We've shut down the board for two meetings in a row. Do you want to waste the taxpayers' money by fighting us? Let us fire who we want to fire. Let me drink and drive whenever I want. Let men be men! Save the taxpayers' money and let us do what we want!"
"Exactly," said Oliver. "Chaos is the future, and the future is good."
"Today the township," said Raga. "Tomorrow the world. How are we going to save the world from the New World Order? With Booze, Boobs, EDM. Booze! Boobs! EDM!"
The firefighters moved the trustees aside and put out the fire. Bolingbrook Mayor Roger Claar later met with the trustees in a secluded location. He explained that he outranked them in the Illuminati, and said they weren't doing their jobs as knights.
"Your job is to spread chaos outside of Bolingbrook. Instead, you are causing chaos in my village! I am ordering all three of you to attend the special meeting on May 15 and to bring order back to my village. Oh. The next time you feel like performing a ritual, do it at the Schaumburg IKEA. Then I can tell their mayor that I'm IKEA 1 and he's IKEA 0."
The trustees could not be reached for comment.
A receptionist for Claar said he was busy and could not be disturbed.
In the background, a woman who sounded like advisor Charlene Z. Spencer said, "Look Mr. Bolingbrook thought leader. I don't care if you're afraid to go back to the Bolingbrook Politics group. You paid me to troll them, and I trolled them. As for your message, I'll have you know that I still have Roger Treatment coupons. Never heard of them? You'll like this. All I have to do is redeem one at any Bolingbrook Government agency, and they will treat me just like they would treat Roger. You sent me a sick message, period! Gender doesn't matter. Now, unless you want to be on the receiving end of the Roger treatment, you'll pay off your invoice to Barber's Corners Media and never bother me again."
A man who sounded like Claar said, "I'm having a bad day."
UFOs spotted with Bolingbrook Pride stickers
Martian Colonies officially close consulate at Clow UFO Base
Werecats endorse Jackie Traynere and Kenneth Harris for Will County Board
Bolingbrook Politics, Illinois Politics
From the webmaster: Bolingbrook Pride to host 'Pride Picnic and Puppies' on June 10 (Mixed)
By Wendy Onofrey
Webmaster for the Bolingbrook Babbler
Image from the Bolingbrook Pride page.
I don't know how organized it so quickly, but Bolingbrook Pride will be hosting its first event, "Pride Picnic and Puppies," on June 10 from 3 pm to 7 pm.
Bolingbrook PRIDE is holding our first annual community picnic with art activities, pet adoption event, food, games, fellowship and more!! We aim to support LGBTQ acceptance through family-friendly, community activity. Join us at James S Boan Woods for four hours of fun!!
This will be Bolingbrook's first pride event. A picnic is a good beginning. Maybe next year we can hope for rainbow crosswalks and a parade in the Promenade? One can dream…
Rebecca Watson is podcasting again (Non-fiction)
Rebecca Watson, a former Skeptics Guide to the Universe rouge, just started her own podcast. Quiz-o-Tron is a monthly science and comedy quiz show where comedians and scientists compete for the coveted Quiz-o-Tron Belt.
I haven't seen Quiz-o-Tron, but I did seem a similar program she put on at TAM 9. Fun Fact, PZ Myers and I managed to make the finals of the audience participation segment. It was a version of Match Game. While I drew a blank, PZ picked the most popular answer. While I lost, it was fun to watch and join in. I can't wait to listen to Quiz-o-Tron on my way to work.
Of course, she still has her YouTube channel.
Backstage, Science, Skeptics
Sources: Bolingbrook to implement 'Social Credit System' (Fiction)
Does this graphic prove Bolingbrook is working on a social scoring system?
Could the Village of Bolingbrook start rewarding residents for "socially acceptable behaviors," and punishing them for "anti-social behaviors?"
Sources, who have relatives with friends in Village Hall, say Bolingbrook could have its own version of China's social credit system by next year.
"Just like China," said one source. "We have to deal with a lot of negativity and anti-social behaviors in our community. By implementing a system similar to the one China is working on, we can improve our community and the quality of our residents."
Under the proposed system, each resident will receive a social credit score. Residents can increase their scores by various means, including volunteering for "approved organizations," receiving an award from the village, posting "appropriate content" on the Village and Bolingbrook First Facebook pages, and receiving special recognization from Mayor Roger Claar.
Residents who have high social credit scores will receive exclusive perks. Proposed perks could include access to an express line for village services, an exemption during a property tax assessment, extended book loans from the library, and discounts at "featured businesses."
Points can also be lost for various actions, including traffic violations, major crimes, patronizing "questionable local businesses," and visiting "negative social media pages." Unlike China's system, there's no penalty for DUI charges.
"Why should we treat a resident who frequents Advantage Chevrolet the same as a resident who frequents Giamanco Law Partners?" said another source. "One does business with the village and Roger. The other sues Roger's favorite township."
A woman who claimed to be a spokesperson for the opposition Bolingbrook United Party denounced the proposed plan. "If, and that's a big if, what you're saying is true, then Roger and his trustees are going too far. We are a democracy. This sounds like the most undemocratic thing that could happen to Bolingbrook since Roger installed one-party rule!"
The second source laughed. "We are a republic, not a democracy. In the Trump era, Roger can do anything he wants to as long as he doesn't go against the wishes of Governor Rauner or our President! If Roger wants to use this scoring system to bring peace and unity to our village, he will."
A receptionist for Claar denied any plans to implement a social credit system, then added that he was in a critical meeting and could not be disturbed.
In the background, a woman who sounded like advisor Charlene Z. Spencer said, "Are you sure you don't want to go to the Bolingbrook Pride event? You could score some political points, and you know how to deal with hostile residents."
A man who sounded like Claar replied, "I can't go because I said Mike Pence would be an outstanding Vice-president."
"Oh boy! I see your point. Well, we can still make this work. The trustees and you can show up at the site the day before, and I'll take pictures. Then I'll take pictures of the event and Photoshop all of you into them. No one will know the difference, and the best part is, you won't have to worry about using the wrong pronoun."
"Good. Because I still can't wrap my head around a married woman not taking her husband's last name."
Village officials admit they're not prepared for a volcanic eruption
Road workers uncover alien skeleton under Route 53
Claar denies hiring professional internet trolls
Web Exclusive: UFO crews forced to play Representative Peter Roskam's ads during abductions (Fiction)
File photo of a UFO.
UFO crews are forcing abductees in Illinois's Sixth Congressional District to watch Rep. Peter Roskam's campaign ads.
"It's either we make them watch the ads," said Zodole from Kepler-62f, "Or we have to pay double the normal abduction fee. What choice do we have?"
Mary, who asked that we not use her last name, described her experience: "I was floating in the air, and I thought I was having a dream. After I went into the light, I found myself in a white room. Peter then appeared in front of me. He said that he wanted to talk to me while aliens were examining me. I told him to release me. He ignored me and started talking about his opponent Sean Casten and something about (Rep. Nancy Pelosi). I said Nancy Pelosi never abducted me, and you just did. Then he started talking gibberish. I later realized I was really talking to a hologram, but it looked and acted just like Peter."
Joshua, who also asked that we not use his last name, called the ad an uplifting experience: "At the time, I thought God took me to Heaven and revealed that he was really Peter. So, that meant that all this time he wasn't speaking nonsense. He was speaking in tongues! The real reason we hardly see Peter in our district is that if anyone looks at him too long, they'll die. Sadly, I later realized that I was actually watching an ad on a UFO. Still, that means Peter is out of this world!"
Zodole said she hated the ads: "Most of the time, the ads just upset our subjects. I remember one woman who accused Peter of taking away deductions for state and local taxes so he could pay for tax cuts for the rich. It's supposed to be an interactive ad, but, honestly, I think something went wrong during the recording. Either that or Peter really is mentally dense for a human being."
Polly, a member of Liberate IL06, denounced the ads: "Sean Casten's campaign is hosting standing room only events. Peter is so desperate for an audience that he has to ask aliens to force residents to watch his ads. We deserve better than the man who dictated Trump's stupid tax plan!"
Bolingbrook's Department of Interstellar Affairs, which regulates abductions in Chicagoland, defended running the ads. An unsigned statement from the department read: "We have always allowed advertising by our visitors. Ad revenue allows more visitors to conduct science experiments in Chicagoland. Revenue from the abductions funds Bolingbrook. Our taxes would be much higher without abduction revenue." The letter also refused to state who is paying for the ads but did say that Roskam's campaign isn't paying for them.
Sean Casten refused to comment on the ads: "All I will say is that I have never worked at Clow UFO base."
A man then walked into the room, saying: "Your Mom and I are going to be working on a roast. So we won't see you for two weeks."
"Dad! You don't need to work on a roast. Help me make pub burgers instead."
"The roast is a family tradition. I have to defend it. This will be the best roast ever!"
"I got in trouble the last time you made a roast. Help me make a pub burger instead. It will be fun, and you won't be accused of food poisoning."
"I'll think about it."
"Don't worry, Mr. Reporter. We were not having a coded discussion about a Super PAC."
Roskam could not be located in the district and did not reply to this reporter's voicemails and emails.
Aliens, Chicagoland, National Politics


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Have you bought or sold to noel hernandez?
56	 Ride with CCK Cyclist ????
13	 Garmin stop at CV - restarted fort rd ????
51	 Morning cycling in LCK becoming s norm ????
47	 Visiting LCK again to do fews loops ????
29	 Morning Ride to MRT ????
22	 Bittersweet Morning Ride - togo1517 finally reach. ????
19	 Beautiful Morning Ride - Cloudy ????
16	 Relax Evening Ride - strava stop clocking my distance on my 91.5km. Then restart clocking time back to zero luckily distance was not reset. But lost 14km in this misfortune incident.
12	 Evening Ride Top-up ????
11	 Lunch Ride - cooling down ????
7	 Headwind got the best of me in Tuas ???????


text:
using System.IO;
using System;

namespace ElFinder
{
    public class FullPath
    {
        public Root Root
        {
            get { return _root; }
        }
        public bool IsDirectoty
        {
            get { return _isDirectory; }
        }
        public string RelativePath
        {
            get
            {
                return _relativePath;
            }
        }
        public DirectoryInfo Directory
        {
            get
            {
                return _isDirectory ? (DirectoryInfo)_fileSystemObject : null;
            }
        }
        public FileInfo File
        {
            get
            {
                return !_isDirectory ? (FileInfo)_fileSystemObject : null;
            }
        }
        public FullPath(Root root, FileSystemInfo fileSystemObject)
        {
            if (root == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("root", "Root can not be null");
            if (fileSystemObject == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("root", "Filesystem object can not be null");
            _root = root;
            _fileSystemObject = fileSystemObject;
            _isDirectory = _fileSystemObject is DirectoryInfo;
            if (fileSystemObject.FullName.StartsWith(root.Directory.FullName))
            {
                if (fileSystemObject.FullName.Length == root.Directory.FullName.Length)
                {
                    _relativePath = string.Empty;
                }
                else
                {
                    _relativePath = fileSystemObject.FullName.Substring(root.Directory.FullName.Length + 1);
                }
            }
            else
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Filesystem object must be in it root directory or in root subdirectory");

        }

        private Root _root;
        private FileSystemInfo _fileSystemObject;
        private bool _isDirectory;
        private string _relativePath;

    }
}


text:
Making music to help Haiti
Bar mitzva boy helps plan concert to aid survivors
By Debra Rubin March 15, 2010, 12:00 am Edit
Daniel Spivak is collecting items and organized a benefit concert for Haiti as his tzedaka project for his April 17 bar mitzva at Congregation B'nai Tikvah in North Brunswick.
When 12-year-old Daniel Spivak of Monmouth Junction saw the photos of the devastation in Haiti, he knew he wanted to help.
Months earlier, Cantor Bruce Rockman of Congregation B'nai Tikvah in North Brunswick and his Sons of Tikvah Band had begun planning a Sunday, March 28, benefit concert at the synagogue.
So when Daniel and his family met with Rockman to discuss a tzedaka project for his April 17 bar mitzva, the stars aligned and the Lo Alecha Benefit Concert for Haiti was born.
The title comes from Pirkei Avot (Ethics of the Fathers): "It is not for you to complete the work, but neither are you free to desist from it."
"The media had forgotten Haiti," said Daniel, a seventh-grader at Crossroads South Middle School in South Brunswick. "They moved on to the Oscars and Chile, when Haiti's government is in anarchy and people are living in the street or in mud huts." When he looked for images of Haiti on the Internet, he said, it was "sad and heartbreaking."
Daniel is the son of Suzanne and David Spivak.
During the day on March 28, people can drop off items such as nonperishable food, toiletries, tents, hand tools, tarps, sleeping bags, school supplies, and clothing. The items will be donated to the Hope for Haiti Foundation, which will have a local representative take them directly to stricken areas of the nation.
The concert will also collect items to benefit Sayeret 401, an elite reconnaissance unit of the Israeli Defense Forces that operates behind enemy lines, said Rabbi Robert Wolkoff.
"We want to provide these guys with incidental things to make their lives easier, such as thermal underwear," he said. "We are praying for them and will try to set up a Facebook connection to send them messages of support."
Daniel, said Rockman, came up with the idea for the concert beneficiaries. The cantor suggested the Lo Alecha title because "it is our responsibility to not forget people who are victims of disasters around the world."
What better time to hold such an event, he said, than Passover, "when we hold the bread of affliction and read in the Haggada the story of our enslavement and invite all who are hungry to come eat with us," he said. "This is the perfect time to open our hearts and home to help others, to be concerned about the poor, desperate people of Haiti."
Rockman said the concert is in line with what he had in mind when he formed Sons of Tikvah nine years ago.
"We wanted to bring happy Jewish music to our community and bring it with meaning and purpose," he said. "In part we want to educate people about Judaism through music but also bring about social consciousnesses. We like to think of ourselves as the pied pipers of Jewish social consciousness."
Middlesex/Monmouth News


text:
The Coolidge wastewater treatment plant could be powered by solar energy as early as 2021.
Joey Chenoweth/PinalCentral (2015)
Coolidge to install solar array on wastewater treatment plant
By AARON DORMAN Staff Writer
Aaron Dorman
COOLIDGE — The City Council moved forward on a major renewable energy project on Monday, approving the construction of a solar array on the city's wastewater treatment plant to be completed by the end of 2021.
The project is designed to significantly reduce energy costs at the site; the wastewater pumps, which have high peak energy loads, currently account for one-third of Coolidge's yearly energy budget. The panels will help offset energy costs during those peak load periods.
According to City Manager Rick Miller, the solar company Urban Energy Solutions has been working with and advising Coolidge business leaders on identifying ways to become more energy efficient, and city officials were swayed by the presentation of the solar array concept.
The solar panels will have a 20- to 25-year life span, over which time they are expected to produce savings that will more than exceed the initial cost of installation, currently estimated at around $440,000. The city has requested a Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona loan for sustainability projects, which could amount to a 50% credit. The WIFA board will discuss Coolidge's application as part of its upcoming agenda. Miller expects the panels to be built regardless.
The wastewater arrays will be the second major energy-saving project in Coolidge. The first was a switch to LED streetlights, including on the water tower. Miller said the savings from changing high-pressure sodium to LED lights has been "pretty significant."
Miller said the city has been frequently approached by renewable and energy saving companies over the past few years.
"A few years ago we put out a request for these kinds of companies to come in," Miller said. "We want to make sure the life of the project extends so the city realizes the savings after the initial costs are paid."
According to Miller, the in-house savings from the streetlight conversion helped allow money to be reallocated into projects like the new public works building. Miller also suggested money could be used to see economic expansion and growth in the coming years.
As a whole, Pinal County has seen a number of large-scale solar projects in recent years, although not all of that energy is directly used by local municipalities. Two solar farms are currently under construction in Coolidge, to be operated respectively by NextEra Energy Resources and Sustainable Power Group.
Walker receives warm send-off as Daniels is sworn in to Coolidge council
COOLIDGE — Upon completing his second stint as a Coolidge City Councilman Jimmy Walker was recognized Monday night during a special meeting as…
Coolidge council preps for marijuana legalization
COOLIDGE — With the passage of Proposition 207 last month, the Coolidge City Council took several preliminary steps toward addressing the expa…
County approves solar energy project near Prescott Valley
PRESCOTT (AP) — Yavapai County officials have approved an energy project on open ranchland near Prescott Valley that is expected to soon accom…
Solar Array
Aaron Dorman is a reporter covering Coolidge and the surrounding area. He can be reached at adorman@pinalcentral.com.
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Unapologetic Ducey says schools that lost enrollment should lose funding
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