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McCollum: On TV, an extraordinary end to an…
McCollum: On TV, an extraordinary end to an extraordinary campaign
By Mercury News | themerc@bayareanewsgroup.com and Charlie McCollum |
November 4, 2008 at 1:54 p.m.
Even if it lacked the high drama some had expected, campaign 2008 — the compelling and complex show that has riveted television audiences since January — had a final episode that packed an emotional wallop worthy of what had come before.
There, on TV sets across the country and around the world, was the history-setting image of Barack Obama — the 44th president of the United States of America and the first African-American elected to the Oval Office — standing before a stunning throng of 1 million people in Chicago's Grant Park. It was, simply, an image for the ages, one that many thought they would never see.
"I don't think we've caught up with the magnitude of what has happened tonight," said NBC's Tom Brokaw.
It was a sentiment stated in many ways by many voices — and ideological perspective seemed to matter little.
On Fox News, analyst Juan Williams said, "I don't care how you feel about him politically, on some level you have to say this is America at its grandest, the potential, the possibility, and what it says for our children. Black and white, the image of Barack Obama and those little girls in the Rose Garden in these years to come. I think it's just stunning."
'Momentous night'
Another Fox News analyst, Karl Rove — architect of President Bush's campaigns — said with no indication of ironic intent, "Every American ought to celebrate tonight. It's a great symbol for what America is all about."
On MSNBC — the yin to Fox News' yang — Keith Olbermann suggested, "This is a man-on-the-moon moment." Veteran CBS reporter and anchor Bob Schieffer, not one given to the grandiose statement, said, "This is more than election night in America, this is a momentous night in the history of our people."
And there were some personal moments, from journalists who don't often share what is going through their minds.
"I called my mom — black woman born in the segregated South," said CBS correspondent Bryon Pitts. "She is 76 years old. She was born at a time in this country when it would've been dangerous for her to look a white woman in the eye or a white man in the eye. I said 'Mama, what do you think?' She said, 'Baby, I just got four words for you. Glory Hallelujah! Glory Hallelujah!' "
These moments came at the end of a long day which started with every TV commentator, anchor and reporter trying very hard not to let the smell of "foregone conclusion" drift into the coverage or, mindful of the medium's failures in 2000 and 2004, put too much emphasis on exit polling and early vote totals. Yet, no matter how often they said "it's not over yet," there was an unmistakable sense of Tuesday being Barack Obama's night early on.
Turning point: Ohio
The break point probably came about 6:30 p.m. PST when the networks and cable channels called Ohio for Obama.
Brokaw, very reserved when serving as an analyst, said that "at 9:30 tonight" (EST) "there was a real break in the political landscape."
"The fat lady isn't singing yet, but we can hear her clearing her throat," said CBS anchor Katie Couric.
Less than 90 minutes later, all the news outlets called the race for Obama and what had been horse race journalism turned into an assessment of history, driven by those images from Grant Park. It was a somewhat startling shift in tone, yet one that reflected just how extraordinary this election has been.
Said Fox Business News anchor Neil Cavuto, looking at the scene in the Chicago park: "This is America. This is what we're about. We are more than race, we are more than color. We are more than some of the divisions that rifled this country.
"Barack Obama, whatever your politics, has shattered history and shattered precedent, and now will become president."
Contact Charlie McCollum at cmccollum@mercurynews.com or (408) 920-5245.
Charlie McCollum


This Is What A Massive $188 Million California Mega Mansion Looks Like. Prepare To Be Blown Away!
Hands up if you're interested in taking a sneak peek into a $188 million dollar mansion?
Ryan Serhant gets a chance to tour one of the most expensive mega-mansions in the United States. From helicopters on the roof to suitcases made out of scarce stones, Ryan gives you a sneak peek at the 8th wonder of the work. 924 Bel Air Rd.


A great gift for your reading enthusiast! Take your book or kindle anywhere with this Vintage Travel Reading Pillow!
This Travel Reading Pillow has reinforced piping edges, ribbon handle for easy carrying and the word "READ" embroidered on front pocket. Pillow insert and flashlight are included with purchase.
Size is 18 X 18 inches and cover removes easily for washing (cool water and cool dry).
I welcome custom orders. Please send me a message if you a looking for a specific color or pattern.
*Colors and combos may differ depending on availability.
All orders are shipped in a timely manner via UPS and they are first wrapped in a poly mailer to protect the pillow then placed in an 18 x 18 x 8 box to ship.


Pet / Child Safe Gopher Removal keeping your dogs / children safe in Aliso Viejo with a 60 DAY GUARANTEE !
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The gopher traps are put down in the gopher tunnels and are lethal gopher traps. The lethal end of the trap is positioned far into the tunnel out of the reach of kids and pets. For a pet to get to a trap it would require it to dig it out. Because we don't use bait to attract gophers pets usually pay no attention to the gopher traps.
Our pet friendly gopher removal for Aliso Viejo is poison-less and the highest effectivness technique available. After we place the gopher traps the gopher mounds will be flattened out. This makes the yard look nicer and makes it easier to see additional signs of gophers.
The gopher traps will be placed in the gopher tunnels from one to seven days depending on schedule, weather and technician recomendation. Enough time is needed for the gopher to find their way to the traps ensuring excellent control before returning.
When we come to pick up gophers we will evaluate the sign of gophers and determine if we set traps or continue with the second method of treatment. Our second method of control uses carbon monoxide.
Once the trapping has killed 90-100% of the gopher population we switch to our carbon monoxide makers. These machines inject elevated levels of carbon monoxide into the tunnels leading to the gopher's tunnels and burrow. This method is ideal for killing pups in the nest and any other gophers inside the same tunnel system. The best part it is a pet friendly and effective technique in Aliso Viejo, CA.
Another advantage is sometimes these engines can kill gophers on the neighbors properties that are sharing the tunnels of the gophers on your property. By using 2 techniques with totaly seperate methods of killing gophers it gives a 100% effeciency. That is why we back up our pet friendly control in Aliso Viejo with a 45-day guarantee.
Rodent Guys normal guarantee is sixty days. The guarantee we offer is that any gopher sign observed within the guarantee period is re-treated at no additional cost. This includes if we miss a gopher and need to come and remove it or if weeks later a nieghboring gopher digs into your yard.
Rodent Guys carries insurance and proper licensing for your assurance and services Aliso Viejo, CA. Our pet friendly gopher control is tested and gets results. Although our techniques take a highly trained technician to perform they are simply the best. That is why we can offer the best guarantee of any gopher company.


Living Online: Scan Virus In Your Computer With Dr.Web CureIt!
Scan Virus In Your Computer With Dr.Web CureIt!
I think 99% people install anti-virus software in their computer, does anti-virus software working? Actually, most brand name software are working right, but they have different levels. Sometimes we have a same question: does my anti-virus software is working? Unfortunately, most anti-virus software disallow you to install another one in computer system, they conflict each other. How can we make sure our anti-virus software is working? We have two ways: one is use web based anti-virus application to scan our computer, like Virustotal. Another one is to use Dr.Web CureIt! to scan your computer.
Dr.Web CureIt! is an anti-virus scanner. The benefit is it is compatible with other anti-virus software because it does not require to install scanner in computer system. Very simple to use, just download and run it in anywhere in hard drive, even USB drive. You do not have to worry about your anti-virus software which already installed in your computer.
What Dr.Web CureIt! to do for us? It detects and neutralizes viruses, rootkits, Trojan horses, spyware, and other malicious objects that have gone undetected by your anti-virus software. It can be update every hour. This scanner only for Windows system from Windows 95 to Windows 7.


text:
Etnomethodologie is een benadering binnen de sociologie die stelt dat sociale orde ontstaat doordat deelnemers aan een interactieproces zowel de gedragingen van de ander als die van henzelf interpreteren op basis van enkele achterliggende en welbepaalde regels. De etnomethodologie werd voornamelijk ontwikkeld door zijn bedenker, de Amerikaanse socioloog Harold Garfinkel. Hij definieerde etnomethodologie als de studie naar de alledaagse methodes die mensen gebruiken om sociale orde tot stand te brengen. De etnomethodologie moet met deze methoden en impliciete regels via welke mensen betekenis geven aan hun wereld in kaart brengen.

Oorsprong
De etnomethodologie is voornamelijk geïnspireerd op twee bronnen. Enerzijds bouwt het voort op de interpretatieve benadering in de sociologie, die bijvoorbeeld ook aanwezig is in de fenomenologische sociologie van Alfred Schütz of het symbolisch interactionisme van Herbert Blumer, en teruggaat op het werk van Max Weber. Daarnaast deelt zij met de fenomenologische sociologie ook een sterke band met de fenomenologie, een stroming uit de filosofie ontstaan uit het werk van Edmund Husserl.

De echte ontstaansdatum ligt in het werk van Harold Garfinkel en meer concreet in zijn Studies in Ethnomethodology uit 1967. De naam 'etnomethodologie' verwijst naar de impliciete methodes en regels (methodologie) die in een bepaalde groep (etnie) op de achtergrond meespelen.

Methode

De etnomethodologie is ook bekend geraakt door het uitvoeren van zogenaamde crisisexperimenten (of breaching experiments). Dit soort experimenten bestond eruit dat Garfinkel of een leerling van hem in een bepaalde sociale situatie zich zo gedraagt alsof hij van geen enkele sociale regel op de hoogte is. Als iemand bijvoorbeeld aan hem vraagt 'Hoe gaat het met u?' dan zal hij niet reageren zoals men gewoonlijk reageert - en dus conform met de impliciete regel - door bijvoorbeeld 'goed' (of 'slecht') te antwoorden. Hij zal eerder de vraag letterlijk nemen en antwoorden: 'Hoe gaat wat met mij?'

Wat deze experimenten dus werkelijk beogen is het doorbreken van algemeen aanvaarde regels om dan te kijken hoe de deelnemers aan de sociale handeling reageren. De veronderstelde regels die achter het sociale handelen zouden moeten schuilgaan zijn immers niet direct zichtbaar, maar spelen net altijd op de achtergrond mee. Door ze expliciet met de voeten te treden, komen ze net op de voorgrond en kunnen ze bestudeerd worden.

Externe links
  Ethno/CA News Information on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis
  AIEMCA.net The Australian Institute for Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis.

Fenomenologie
Sociologie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A BAVARIA EASY 9.7 has an agile and athletic sailing performance – the designers of Farr Yacht Design and the development team of BAVARIA spent a great deal of time to ensure this. The 106 percent large head sail is sheeted closely on the deck structure. Including the mainsail, there are 51 square metres of sail area, which gives the BAVARIA EASY 9.7 an enormous speed potential even in light winds.


Laboratory of Floriculture, 2Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Plants, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 175-179.
Abstract: In the light of the global financial crisis, inexpensive and easily applicable cultivation techniques are a necessity for the grower in order to maintain his profit, while old cultivation techniques resulting in low productivity and yield are gradually eliminated. In the present paper the bending cultivation system of greenhouse cut roses is described, with its two key modifications: the �arching� and the �high rack� practice. The advantages of this system, that can improve the quality of flower shoots and increase production of cut roses, are described along with the commercial and physiological characteristics of the cut flower shoots and the overall physiology of the rose plant. The impact of shoot bending on the sink-source relationship in rose plants is also assessed. Moreover, the cultivation technique of partially removing the first compound leaf below the harvest cut is described and according to this treatment, an early harvest up to 7-10 days (15-20%) can be achieved. Finally, the effect of the pruning height on the quality and yield is discussed. The above mentioned cultivation techniques can be very easily applied with minimum cost, especially in cases when harvest programming for high-demand seasons is important.
Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560 011, India. 3Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, India.
Key words: Musa; microRNA; transcription factors; Fusarium wilt; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 181-195.
Abstract: Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc1) is one of the important diseases affecting banana production. MicroRNAs, the short non-coding RNAs containing 22 to 24 nucleotides function in post-transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as gene expression regulators relate to several abiotic stress responses that have already been reported. However, the evidence for the interaction of miRNAs-mRNA in plant response to biotic stresses is very limited. Hence, this study mainly focuses on microRNAs and their target genes in fusarium wilt infection in banana. Here, we have examined the miRNA-mRNA expression patterns between two contrasting banana genotypes in response to fungal infection using quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR). A total of 6 miRNAs and 9 targets were examined for their expression at two-time points after infection (3 and 10 days post inoculation (dpi)) in both uninfected control and infected root samples. Based on expression analysis, we observed early and continuous down regulation of miRNAs and up-regulation of the nine targets in tolerant genotype �Calcutta-4�. This negative relation was not observed in the susceptible genotype �Kadali�. The mode of expression level of miRNAs and their putative target genes will help in understanding the roles of miRNAs imparting tolerance to fusarium wilt in banana (Musa spp.).
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan. 2Professor Emeritus, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan. 3Agriculture Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, 82-9 Tanaka, Kuroishi, Aomori, 036-0522, Japan.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 186-190.
Abstract: A commercial heat pump was utilized to cool strawberry plants using a heat exchanger well at 10 m of soil depth. Two lines of strawberry were planted to grow fully on a high bench of 20 m length. The cooling treatment was conducted through a water tube connected to the chiller tank of the heat pump. A single water tube was buried under the soil surface. Two kinds of set-up for the water tube on the soil surface were designed to cool the strawberry crown. Compared with that of the control, the temperature of crown and soil was effectively lowered by the two treatments. Regardless of the setup of the water tube, the temperature of soil and crown did not differ between the two treatments. Considering the high water temperature of the heat exchanger tank of the heat pump system, the length of the heat exchange well was insufficient for the extraction of sufficient geothermal energy in this experiment. However, the converted heat pump and facile establishment of wells achieved cooling of the 4 benches effectively and at a reasonable cost.
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatra Utara, Indonesia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 196-199.
Abstract: Andisol is a land formed by volcanic ash and has a problem in the availability of phosphate (P), as a result the use of P fertilizer becomes ineffective. Andisol affected by the eruption of Mount. Sinabung has pH 4.83 which can affect the availability of P in the soil. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Microbial Phosphate Solubilization application and SP36 (fertilizer) dose to the efficiency of P fertilizing and growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Andisol land affected by the eruption of Mount. Sinabung. This research used factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was Microbial Phosphate Solubilization i.e. without application (M0), 30 mL Burkholderia cepacia (M1), 30 mL Talaromyces pinophilus (M2). The second factor was SP 36 with five levels i.e. P0 = 0%, P1 = 25% = 50% P3, P4 = 75%, and P5 = 100% of the recommended dose (0g, 0.325g, 0.65g, 0.975g and 1.3 g). The measured parameters were soil pH, P-total, P-available, P uptake, plant height, shoot dry weight. The research results showed that Talaromyces pinophilus with SP36 25% of the recommended dose improved the efficiency of P fertilizing and the growth of mustard in Andisol affected by the eruption of Mount. Sinabung.
Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana.
Key words: Capsicum annum, growing media, seedling emergence, growth and development.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 200-204.
Abstract: This study was carried out at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN) formerly Botswana College of Agriculture (BCA) under an 80% net shade to investigate the effect of growing media comprising cocopeat, hygromix and germination mix on growth and development of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with each treatment (growing medium) replicated four times. Growth parameters measured were; seedling emergence, plant height, leaf number and area, and seedling biomasses (both fresh and dry). Seedling emergence from hygromix and germination mix was significantly (P<0.05) higher than cocopeat in the first 15 days whereas a non-significant (P?0.05) treatment response was observed from day 16 to 20 across treatments. Plant height, leaf number and area, and seedling biomasses were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hygromix and germination mix as compared to cocopeat with hygromix revealing superior performance than germination mix. Hygromix and germination mix can be used to propagate sweet pepper because they enhanced seedling emergence, growth and development. Seedlings emerged in cocopeat, but the seedlings remained stunted suggesting that the medium needs further investigation on how it can sustain seedling growth and development.
Escuela T�cnica Superior de Ingenier�a, Campus La R�bida, Universidad de Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain. 2 Horticulture Dept., 202 Kottman Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA. 3 C-MASC, 422B Kottman Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA. 4 IRNAS-CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 205-214.
Abstract: Vermicompost is a product derived from the accelerated biological degradation of organic wastes by earthworms and microorganisms. Biochar is a by-product of the C-negative pyrolysis technology for bio-energy production from organic materials. Containerized plant production in floriculture primarily utilizes substrates such as peat moss. Environmental concerns about draining peat bogs have enhanced interests in research on complementary products that can be added to peat. A comparative greenhouse study was conducted to assess the suitability of biochar (B) and vermicompost (V) as partial substitutes for peat-based growing media for ornamental plant production. Different blends of B at a volume fraction of 0, 4, 8, 12 % and V at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 % were compared to a baseline peat substrate (S) as control in the cultivation of geranium (Pelargonium peltatum) and petunia (Petunia hybrida). Substrates were characterized for physical and chemical properties, plant growth, and flower production. Mixtures with low-medium V levels (10 -30%) and high B level (8-12 %) in Petunia and Pelargonium induced more growth and flower production than that of the control. The results obtained with different B and V associations are of interest to those who want to reduce peat consumption for the production of ornamental plants in containers and to reduce carbon footprint of this commercially productive sector.
Department of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065. 2Department of Botany, Karnataka University Dharwad � 580 003. 3Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Raichur- 584 102.
Key words: Capsicum annuum L., Stability, Genotype � Environments, Fruit yield.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 218-221.
Abstract: Chilli, an important vegetable crop in India, is sensitive to environmental variations and climate change. An investigation was carried out to assess the stability of 25 test hybrids along with three commercial checks across different locations. The results of the study indicated that pooled analysis of variance showed the presence of significant genetic variability among the hybrids for all the characters studied. Variance due to hybrid � environment interaction was non-significant for all the characters except green fruit yield plant-1. Considering all the stability parameters, CMS10A x Byadgikaddi for fruit weight and fruit width, CMS10A � Gouribidanur for green fruit yield plant-1, CMS10A x LCA 206 for red fruit yield plant-1 and CMS8A x Byadgidabbi for number of fruits were exhibited below average stability and these were specifically adopted to unfavorable locations. The test Hybrids, CMS6A � Tiwari for the character average fruit weight, CMS9A � LCA 206 for the character fruit width were well adopted to all environments. CMS10A � Gouribidanur proved to be the best yielding genotype among 25 test hybrids, having higher yield level than the check and were also stable for most of the characters as evident from their non-significant s2di values.
Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, PG Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga - 577203, Karnataka, India. 1Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India. 2Academic Staff College, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 230-234.
Abstract: Cruciferous vegetables have drawn a great deal of attention in cancer research because of their potential protective properties. In the present study, four vegetables viz., cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi and radish were procured and processed for cold extraction procedure using 70% ethanol. The extracts were subjected to the qualitative phytochemical analysis, quantitative estimation of glucosinolates content and in vitro antiproliferative activity by MTT assay on MCF7, DL and NIH-3T3 cell lines. The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of several bioactive compounds viz., polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids. Quantitative estimation of glucosinolates in terms of potassium thiocyanate equivalence/5 mg of extract revealed that the cabbage has highest content of glucosinolate (122.6 �g) followed by cauliflower (109 �g), kohlrabi (101.6 �g) and radish (60.2 �g). The four cruciferous vegetables registered notable cell proliferation inhibition at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 �g/mL) in a dose dependent manner against three different cell lines. The results of antiproliferative activity was expressed in terms of IC50. Among the four vegetables, cabbage showed considerable cytotoxicity and cell proliferation inhibition with an IC50 value of 192.5, 189.7, 589.7 �g/mL followed by cauliflower (378.7, 398.9, 597.9 �g/mL), kohlrabi (389.5, 396.9, 619.7 �g/ml) and radish (415.4, 423.3, 703.6 �g/ml) in three different cell lines MCF7, DL and NIH-3T3, respectively.. The present study underlines the epidemiological surveys that cruciferous vegetables possess anticancer effects might be due to the presence of glucosinolates augmented with other phytochemicals.
Dr. Y.S.R.H.U., Peddapuram - 533 437, A.P., India. 1Dr. Y.S.R.H.U., V.R. Gudem - 534 101, A.P.. 2HRS, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U., Lam Farm, Guntur - 522 034, A.P., India. 3 ANGRAU, Guntur - 522 034, A.P., India. 4Department of Statistics, COH, Dr. Y.S.R.H.U., V.R. Gudem - 534 101 (A. P.), India.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 235-240.
Abstract: Fifty four F1 hybrids were developed in chilli using Line x Tester mating design with nine lines and six testers at Horticultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during kharif. Estimates of combining ability effects were calculated for seven biochemical traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the parents, crosses and parents vs. hybrids for all the traits studied indicating that the existence of wide variability among the material studied. All the characters exhibited low gca to sca ratio indicated predominance of non-additive gene action in inheritance of all traits studied and improvement can be made through heterosis breeding. Among the parents, the lines LCA 504, LCA 446, LCA 466, LCA 654 and LCA 355 and the testers G4, LCA 678, LCA 453 and LCA 705-2 were found to be good general combiners and among the 54 hybrids, the hybrids LCA 504 x LCA 678, LCA 615 x G4, LCA 655 x LCA 315, LCA 355 x LCA 678, LCA 504 x G4, LCA 504 x LCA 453 and LCA 607 x LCA 703-2 were found to be promising hybrids as they exhibited significant gca and sca effects in desirable direction for most of the quality traits. The resulted promising hybrids may be further tested over locations or seasons and recommended for commercial release and identified good general combiners could be utilized in future chilli breeding programmes.
Frontier Agriculture, SOYL Precision Crop Production Division, Newbury, United Kingdom. 2College of Agriculture Sciences and Food, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 241-244.
ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560089, Karnataka, India.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 3, pages 253-254.
Abstract: In India, South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta has been recorded infesting plants of solanaceae family in 2014. Larvae of T. absoluta were observed feeding on French beans, Phaseolus vulgaris during October 2016 in Bengaluru, India. Olfactometer bioassays revealed T. absoluta preferred P. vulgaris leaves when tomato leaves are significantly damaged by the pest. In choice test, with healthy tomato leaf versus healthy bean leaf, all larvae significantly preferred tomato leaf (P<0.0001). However when T. absoluta larvae and adults were offered with damaged tomato leaf and healthy bean leaf, the female adult and larvae significantly preferred bean leaf (P<0.02 and 0.04, respectively). This study revealed that T. absoluta is expanding its host range in India. With the expansion of T. absoluta damage to other than solanaceae, there is a need for constant monitoring of the pest in other crops also, particularly from Fabaceae family.
Mahyco Research Centre, Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Private Limited, Dawalwadi, Jalna- Aurangabad Road, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra.
Key words: Cauliflower, anther culture, double haploid, embryogenic callus, MS (Murashige and Skoog) media, plantlet regeneration.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 101-105.
Abstract: A study was conducted to augment a viable protocol for the development of double haploid system in cauliflower, using in-house genotypes, by anther culture. A total of 13,680 anthers were cultured on different media combinations across nine genotypes. Genotype-to-(segregating) genotype variations in anther culture to plant regeneration were observed, chiefly, segregating genotype-9, had highest frequency of regeneration (26.43%) whereas, segregating genotype-2, had the lowest frequency (0.2%). Two segregating genotypes remained unresponsive. Anther cultured on modified media showed highest embryogenic callus induction potential as compared to other media compositions. Regeneration media, RM1 and RM2, showed good differentiation and regeneration potential. In total, 711 haploid / double haploid plants were developed across seven genotypes, with an average regeneration efficiency of 7.6%. This simple protocol reported here, can be used for DH line development in cauliflower, through anther culture, resulting in embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration. Further, protocol developed and discussed in the paper, will help to exploit DH technology in cauliflower for rapid inbred line development, and to speed-up cauliflower breeding for faster cultivar and better hybrid development.
Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. 2Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 106-112.
Abstract: The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1) alone and in combination with commonly used disinfectants (80% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2% mercuric chloride) on in vitro grown explants of date palm cv. Barhee. Seventeen treatment combinations were made to study the survival, contamination and mortality percentage of in vitro grown date palm explants. The laboratory experiment was laid out on completely randomized design with three replicates in each treatment. The findings revealed that application of 5 mg L-1 silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with 80% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2% mercuric chloride statistically behaved alike. However, maximum survival of explants (88.89%) and zero percent mortality was observed when 5 mg L-1 silver nanoparticles was used alone. Higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles (10 and 20 mg L-1) when combined with sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride had a detrimental effect and caused highest explant mortality. Application of sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride showed 33.33% contamination and 11.11% explant mortality. It is therefore, concluded to use 5 mg L-1 silver nanoparticles alone for explant sterilization of date palm cv. Barhee, which is non-hazardous and environment friendly.
Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 113-118.
Abstract: Growth and development response of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) to four application rates of organic fertilizers (treatments) was investigated in a field experiment at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (formerly Botswana College of Agriculture) from November 2014 to March 2015. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomised block design (RCBD) with each of the four treatments; 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 kg m-2 replicated three times. Data on growth and development parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and plant canopy (spread) was recorded at weekly intervals whereas, stem diameter (thickness), and shoots fresh and dry weights were recorded at the termination of the experiment. In general, significant statistical differences (P<0.05) were revealed for plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, stem thickness, canopy diameter and shoots fresh and dry weights. Application rates of organic fertilizers of 10 kg m-2 significantly enhanced the performance of the growth and development parameters of parsley with highest application rate revealing numerical superiority. Based on the findings, highest application rate of organic fertilizer is recommended to small scale farmers because its constituents are readily available and in abundance locally.
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717, USA.
Key words: Scotch bonnet pepper, Capsicum chinense Jacq., solution fertilization, liquid feed, fertilizer analysis, fertilizer ratio, potassium rate, pruning, Dutch V pruning, Spanish pruning, greenhouse production.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 119-124.
Abstract: Two initial studies were conducted to determine the potential for greenhouse production of Scotch bonnet pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). When these peppers are grown outdoors in Jamaica, fruit yield declines over time owing to increasing infections with several aphid-vectored viral pathogens. Production of Scotch bonnet peppers in greenhouses with insect-excluding screens covering the side- and end-walls would render the plants virus-free and would extend the harvest season which is limited by damaging rainfall during the wet season. We found in Delaware, USA (39.68� N) that fruit yields from greenhouse-grown plants were far greater than those expected from field-grown plants in Jamaica. Greater fruit number and weight of marketable fruits per plant were achieved from non-pruned plants compared to those from plants pruned to either of two Dutch V systems [plants pruned to two main stems and subsequent laterals pruned to one (V1) or to three (V3) nodes]. These differences were less pronounced when fruit yield was expressed on a per m-2 basis since pruned plants were closer together (1.8 plans m-2) than non-pruned plants (1.1 plants m-2). Low-K fertilizer (21N-2.2P-16.6K) compared to high-K fertilizer (15N-2.2P-20.8K) resulted in a 75% early-season and an 8% full-season increase in marketable fruit fresh weight�m-2 in non-pruned plants.
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 125-129.
Abstract: Present study was carried out to evaluate impact of micronutrients application (manganese, iron and zinc) with different methods (foliar or soil application) on quality parameters of �Belidi� olive in Fars province. Chelated iron sequestrene 138, zinc and manganese sulfates were soil applied once a year and iron, zinc and manganese sulfate were foliar applied on plants, three times a year, alone or in combination. Results indicated that fertilizer application method did not have significant impact on tree productivity and fruit quality parameters in bearing or non-bearing years and alternate bearing in �Belidi� olive trees was not correlated significantly with manganese, iron and zinc deficiency. It seems that foliar application of micronutrients fertilizers in regions with alkaline soils is a better strategy for improvement of olive production.
Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. 1School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 130-134.
Abstract: In vitro chemical mutagenesis of Dendrobium �Earsakul� protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) followed by in vitro selection with Phytophthora palmivora culture filtrate (CF) generated several putative mutants potentially resistant to black rot. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the black rot resistance levels of these putative mutants, to estimate the genetic variability among them and non-mutagenized controls using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis, and to identify candidate markers with significant associations to black rot resistance. When 3 non-mutagenized control lines and 8 putative mutants, derived from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) or sodium azide (NaN3) induced mutation, followed by in vitro selection were evaluated for black rot resistance using detached leaf assay with a virulent isolate NK-53-9, it was found that all controls were susceptible to black rot, but the resistance levels of putative mutants varied. Four of eight putative mutants were moderately resistant or resistant to the disease, suggesting their usefulness in the breeding program. ISSR analysis of these controls and putative mutants with 7 ISSR primers yielded 7 to 29 reproducible bands per primer, ranging in size from 170 to 2100 bp. A total of 114 amplified ISSR fragments were obtained, 53 of which were polymorphic (46.5%). All controls have the same DNA patterns, while all 8 putative mutants showed altered genetic profiles compared to controls and were identified as mutants. The mutant SUT13E18-A appears to have distinct genetic profile compared to others as well as high level of resistance to black rot. Moreover, five ISSR markers significantly associated with black rot resistance were identified. These results suggest that ISSR analysis is efficient for mutant identification and characterization, and in vitro chemical mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection with P. palmivora CF provides a useful tool for future improvement of black rot resistant Dendrobium.
Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741252, West Bengal, India.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 135-138.
Abstract: Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is a perennial dioecious creeper-belonging to the family Piperaceae usually grown under artificially erected structurals known as baroj that provides high moist and humid conditions favouring several diseases that in turn are major deterrents to good harvest. Betelvine suffers from many root and aerial diseases of which leaf rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica (Dastur) and leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum capsici Syd. (Butler and Bisby) are most important and are included in these studies for assessment. The extent of losses may vary from 20-40% for leaf rot and 10-20% for leaf spot, leading to almost total crop failure (Dasgupta and Sen, 1999). As the betel leaf is directly chewed immediately after harvest, it is not feasible to apply any pesticides that may cause toxic hazards to human being. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effect of different crop canopy by maintaining three different plant to plant spacing (viz., 11.1, 9.53 and 8.3 cm.) on leaf yield, disease incidence and keeping quality (days to 50% rotting) of betelvine. With the above plant to plant spacing and standard row to row spacing (60cm), the plant population was maintained as 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 lakh ha-1. The results revealed that when crop canopy was increased by reducing the plant to plant spacing from 11.1 cm to 8.3 cm there were significant increases in both the diseases under investigation (rot disease 19.76 to 22.30%; leaf spot disease 22.68 to 25.42%). Significant increase in yield (26.29 to 33.63 lakh ha-1year -1), decrease in fresh weight of 100 leaves (460.85 to 432.35g) and decrease in keeping quality of leaves (13.14 days to 10.28 days) were recorded when crop canopy was increased by reduction in plant to plant spacing from 11.1 cm to 8.3 cm. From these results it can be concluded that shifts in microclimate resulting from increase in canopy by reducing the plant spacing aggravated the spread and infection of disease.
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 139-142.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in Entisol soil at Horticulture Research Station, BCKV, Nadia to study the response of integrated plant nutrient supply system on gerbera under poly house condition. Different combinations of chemical fertilizer (100, 75 and 50% RDF), organic manure (FYM and vermicompost) and bio-fertilizer (Azoztobacter and PSB) were evaluated in Randomized Block Design. Healthy disease free tissue culture gerbera plants with uniform growth were planted in the bed of a size 10 x 1 m with a spacing of 50 x 50 cm. The growth attributes, flowering characteristics, flowering quality (stalk length and flower size) was improved under the treatment receiving 75% RDF along with FYM, vermicompost and Azotobacter + PSB. The maximum numbers of flower with longest shelf life in field condition and vase life in room condition can be harvested with combined application of 75% RDF, FYM, vermicompost along with or without Azotobacter + PSB. The bio-fertilizer had significant role in flower quality improvement.
Department of Horticulture (Fruit and Fruit Technology), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India- 813210. 2Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India- 110012.
Key words: Citrus, irradiation, fruit size, fruit volume, fruit weight, gamma-ray.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 143-146.
Abstract: Citrus is one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world, greatly valued as table fruit as well as in the processing industry. Among the different citrus fruits, pummelo plays a major role in the processing industry. However, the presence of a large number of seeds in pummelo greatly hinders processing quality. Therefore, induction of seedlessness in pummelo is one of the major goals around the world. Currently, irradiated pollen technique emerges as a novel tool for induction of seedlessness in any fruit. However, reduction of fruit size is a great concern in irradiated pollen technique. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of gamma ray irradiated pollen technique on fruit growth in citrus using pummelo (C. grandis (L.) Osb.) as seed parent while sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) cv. �Mosambi� and sweet lemon (C. limetta Risso) as pollen sources. Irradiation of pollen grains was performed at 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gray (Gy) by using 60Co gamma ray and the experiment was laid out in complete randomized design with 5 replications. With the increased doses of irradiation, fruit growth in terms of length, diameter, weight and volume differed significantly throughout the period of observation starting from 35 days after pollination to till maturity. At maturity, maximum fruit length (387.70 mm), weight (590.27 g) and volume (885.27 cc) were recorded in C. grandis � C. limetta crosses at control while minimum fruit length (129.74 mm) and weight (211.54 g) were observed in C. grandis � C. sinensis crosses at 300 Gy. There was no fruit retention till maturity in either cross combination at 400 Gy. Among two different cross combinations, with the increased dose of irradiation, the rate of reduction in fruit growth in terms of length and weight as compared to respective control was much higher in C. grandis � C. sinensis crosses. However, for the production of marketable size fruits (not more than 300 g), irradiation of either pollen parent at 200-300 Gy was found to be the best while, doses below 200 Gy caused the production of fruits weighing more than 400 g, which do not have good market value.
Agrotechnology, Gunadarma University Jl. Margonda Raya No 100, Depok, Indonesia 16424. 2Department of Agronomy and Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680. 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680. 4Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor, Indonesia 16144.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 147-151.
Abstract: The melon aphid or cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is one of the major pests of pepper. Chemical based crop protection is the major way to control aphid until now. The use of resistant varieties may help to reduce the use of insecticides, together with Integrated Pest Management. The objective of this research was to identify the antixenosis and antibiosis based resistance of melon aphids in several pepper genotypes that may be explored as sources of resistance in aphid resistance breeding program of pepper. We used choice and no-choice test, and detached leaf based experiments. Antixenosis based resistance was detected as shown by significant number of aphid per leaf, total aphid per plant, and total winged aphid per plant. Antibiosis based resistance was also detected as shown by significant difference in longevity time, reproduction time, number of aphid progeny per day, and the fecundity of the melon aphid among genotypes.
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut�s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 152-158.
Abstract: This study examined fumigation toxicity of 18 medicinal plant essential oils (EOs) against adult of aphid (Aphid gossypii) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Then, non-target effects of the EO mixtures on physiological changes of eggplant (Solanum melongena) were tested. The insecticidal property and physiological toxicity of the fumigation formulas were also examined and compared to methyl bromide (MB) fumigation. The results showed that the eggplant fumigated with clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) EOs mixture at the ratio of 1:3 (Cl1Le3) showed no significant physiological changes when compared to the control treatment. The formula resulted in similarly high mortalities (82-100%) of both insects when compared to MB. However, MB fumigation caused complete senescence appeared before day 3 observations. On the contrary, the eggplant fumigated with Cl1Le3 at 3 �L/L air showed no differences in the physiological changes when compared to the control throughout the 9-day examinations.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 159-162.
Abstract: Inoculation techniques were evaluated for the transmission of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) to susceptible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) variety, Gentry. Two different types of airbrush sprayers (gravity fed and siphon fed) were evaluated in comparison to the standard method of rub inoculating leaves dusted with carborundum abrasive. In addition, the number of inoculations (1-3) with the airbrush sprayers and whether the carborundum dust was directly applied to leaves or mixed with the inoculum were also evaluated. The standard method consistently had high infection rates of 90% or greater, whereas the airbrush sprayers had inoculation rates of 30%-97%. Whether the carborundum was dusted or applied in the inoculum solution had no impact on infection rate. The greater the number of inoculations the greater the infection rate in two out of three experiments. In conclusion, the airbrush sprayer may be helpful during preliminary screening; however, it should not be relied on as the sole method of inoculation.
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry - 609603.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 163-166.
Abstract: To evaluate the efficiency of tank silt with organic manures, pot culture experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal on Sorakudy soil series using okra as test crop with 13 treatments. Wherein, absolute control and application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was compared with the application of tank silt (TS) alone @ 2 t ha-1 and different organic manures viz., press mud (PM), sewage sludge (SS), water hyacinth compost (WHC), FYM and spent wash (SW). The same set of treatments were repeated with 100% RDF. The results revealed that fruit yield was higher with TS+PM+ remaining through fertilizer (RTF) and it was comparable with RDF, TS+RTF, TS+SS+RDF and TS+PM+RDF. With regard to the quality of fruits, the chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content was higher in TS+WHC+RDF and TS+PM+RDF, respectively. The mucilage content was more with TS+SW+RDF. The absolute control treatment recorded the highest crude fibre content and physiological loss in weight (PLW). The study revealed that addition of this organo mineral amendments could positively influence the yield and quality of okra when applied over and above the 100% RDF rather than accounting their nutrient contribution during fertilization.
Effect of bioinoculants on morphological and biochemical parameters of Zinnia elegans Jacq.
Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 167-172.
Abstract: The dominant AMF Glomus mosseae (G) and Acaulospora laevis (A) were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Z. elegans Jacq. and mass produced in laboratory for further studies. A pot experiment was performed to see the interactive potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (G. mosseae and A. laevis) alone or in combination with Trichoderma viride (T) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) on Z. elegans under glass house conditions. The experiment were conducted in a factorial arrangement based completely randomized design with five replicates. Various morphological (plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass, root length, leaf area, flower number, diameter) and biochemical attributes (chlorophyll, carotenoids, flower anthocyanin content, P content, total sugar, starch and protein content) were measured after 60 days. The results indicated a variation in growth response of Z. elegans with different treatments. AMF alone or in combination helped in increasing the different parameters of Z. elegans. The combination of G+A showed maximum increase of growth parameters followed by G+T and G+A+P. Consortium inoculation of bioinoculants plants with G+A+T+P treatment proved to be the best treatment for total proteins and total chlorophyll content while flower anthocyanin content was best in G+A treatment. AMF promotes higher AM colonization and spore number enhancing nutrient acquisition especially phosphorus, producing plant growth hormones resulting in an improvement of rhizospheric condition of soil, altering the physiological and biochemical properties of Z. elegans. Based on different parameters studied, G. mosseae was found to be an efficient bioinoculant as compared to A. laevis for growth enhancement of Z. elegans.
Date palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, 2Central Laboratory for Date palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Key words: Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, Sukkary, tissue culture, in vitro, sucrose, activated charcoal, embryogenesis.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 91-95.
Abstract: The rational of the study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of sucrose (20 and 40 g/L) and activated charcoal (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/L) alone (control) and in combinations on the somatic embryogenesis of date palm cv. Sukkary. The results of two-factorial (sucrose and activated charcoal) randomized complete design indicated that no embryogenesis growth occurred when MS media was used without the addition of carbon source. The individual and combined effects of 40 g/L sucrose and 1 g/L activated charcoal produced sturdy embryogenesis and its related traits. The use of 40 g/L sucrose caused significant improvement in the number of somatic embryos (49.92), length of somatic embryos (1.08 cm), fresh weight of somatic embryos (1.54 g), dry weight of somatic embryos (0.148 g), germination of somatic embryos (4.92), and length of leaflets (2.14 cm). Similarly, use of 1 g/L of activated charcoal significantly increased the number (42.89), length (0.99 cm), fresh weight (1.29 g), dry weight (0.156 g), germination (3.22) of somatic embryos, and length of leaflets (1.47 cm) as compared to other treatments. Results also showed that the combined application of 40 g/L sucrose and 1 g/L activated charcoal significantly enhanced the number of somatic embryos (69.67), length of somatic embryos (1.37 cm), fresh weight of somatic embryos (2.18 g), dry weight of somatic embryos (0.262 g), germination of somatic embryos (6.33), and length of leaflets (2.57 cm) as compared to other treatment combinations. However, the same sucrose level with 0.5 g/L activated charcoal concentration also showed promising results.
Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu 529-2194, Japan, (Former affiliation, Kyoto Prefectural University). 2Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
Key words: Solanum lycopersicum, purple tomato, anthocyanin accumulation, high temperature, year-round cultivation.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 2, pages 96-100.
Abstract: Anthocyanins are natural pigments distributed widely among higher plants. Anthocyanins in plant-derived food are also important nutrient constituents, due to their dietary health benefits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide, many with anthocyanins in their fruit tissues, but the pigmentation varies specially in the popular purple tomato. To develop tomatoes with a high anthocyanin content, we conducted cultivation experiments under natural temperature and sunlight conditions using two purple cherry tomato cultivars �Toscana Violet� and �Blue Bingo� and an ordinary cherry tomato cultivar �Amakko� as a control to clarify problems which we may encounter during year-round cultivation of purple tomatoes. The content of anthocyanins was high in the tomatoes cultivated in the winter but extremely low in those cultivated in the summer. These findings suggested that the high temperature in summer may cause poor anthocyanin production resulting in less pigmented fruits, although the yield of fruits itself is not be affected greatly. Furthermore, treatment of �Blue Bingo� fruits at late growth and maturation stage by a night (8 h)-and-day (16 h) temperature regime of 15-22 ?C resulted in marked accumulation of anthocyanins in skin and outer pericarp of the fruits, but those of 20-27 ?C and 25-32 ?C had no or little accumulation.
1University of Massachusetts Amherst, Cranberry Experiment Station, 1 State Bog Rd, P.O. Box 569, East Wareham, MA 02538. 2Seed Savers Exchange, 3094 North Winn Road, Decorah, Iowa 52101. 3Alabama State University, Department of Physical Sciences, 915 S. Jackson St. Montgomery, AL 36104.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 3-7.
Abstract: Yellow vine (YV) on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a symptom of stress that might reduce upright net photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) through both, stomatal effects, which reduce the internal CO2 concentration (Ci), and nonstomatal factors. This study evaluated the shade effects on reversing the effects of YV symptoms in chlorophyll and nutrient content, and uprights gas exchange. Shaded vines were affected in the same way as unshaded yellow vines and their net photosynthetic carbon assimilation was not affected by stomatal activity in contrast with the normal green vines. However, A was not limited by stomatal activity ? 250 mmol m-2 s-1. Chlorophyll a concentration was positively correlated with A (r = 0.53 P? 0.05), shaded and YV had significantly lower total chlorophyll concentration relative to normal vines. Chlorophyll b was less affected by YV symptoms. Plant tissue were collected in autumn and analyzed for individual nutrient composition. Manganese levels were excessive in all samples; this was especially true for yellow vines, suggesting that the yellow vines may be under more water stress. Shading yellow vines did not change their nutrient composition relative to unshaded yellow vines. It is plausible that excess water on the bog is the major cause of the yellow vine as growers have a cultural practice of applying 25 mm of irrigation water a week regardless of the evaporative demand or field capacity.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 8-14.
Abstract: The experiment consisted of hedging citrus trees of the variety Washington Navel with a planting density of 873 plants/ha. The hedge was 2.65 m high, 0.5 m wide on the upper part and 1.5 m on the lower part forming 10 degrees angle to the vertical and NE/SW orientation. The control tree was cut to a ball shape. Considering mean values of three years, hedging showed a high vegetative stretching (7.20 cm) while the control tree had a lengthening of 4.18 cm, with a growth rate of the spring shoots of 6.80 mm and 4.29 mm per day, respectively. As well, a larger spring leaf area was noted as compared to the control tree. This area was 366.55 cm2 against 124.22 cm2 by branch, respectively. In spite of a more severe pruning in the treatment, the fruit yield was near to that of the control (9.12 kg/tree) with a density of 873 trees/ha. No significant difference was noted for the total amount of chlorophyll between both sides of the hedge (South/East and North/West) for the non-bearing shoots (1.75 and 1.51 mg. g-1 fresh weight, respectively) and bearing ones (1.57 and 1.51 mg/g fresh weight) contrarily to the control (non-bearing shoots 1.2 and 1.57 mg g-1 fresh weight; bearing shoots 1.97 and 1.35 mg. g-1 fresh weight). All stages of maturation occurred earlier in the treatment.
1College of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya 30662, Indonesia. 2Graduate School, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia. 3STIPER Sriwigama, Palembang 30137, Indonesia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 15-21.
Abstract: Non-destructive measurement of leaf area (LA) is preferred in growth analysis and plant physiological studies. Many regression-based models have been developed for estimating LA using leaf length (L), leaf width (W), or imaginary rectangle of L x W (LW) as predictor or independent variable. Objective of this study was to develop and validate appropriate regression models for estimating snap bean trifoliate LA using easily measured L, W, or calculated LW. Snap bean used in this research was PV072 cultivar. Trifoliate-leaf samples were purposively collected from different individual plants, to represent wide range of leaf sizes, from the smallest leaf with fully open blade to the largest available leaf. Snap bean trifoliate leaf consists of three leaflets. The sampled leaves were alternately divided into two subgroups, based on length of terminal leaflet, for developing and validating LA estimation models. Linear, quadratic, and power regressions were evaluated for their appropriateness to be used for estimating LA. Intercept (a) was forced to zero to make the models more geometrically realistic. Results of this research indicated that: (1) zero-intercept quadratic and power regression models performed well if length of leaflet (Lt) or width of leaflet (Wt) was used as predictor, whereas zero-intercept linear model was appropriate and geometrically-sound if imaginary rectangular Lt x Wt (LtWt) was used for estimating surface area of both terminal and side leaflets (LtA); (2) for a practical, fast, and accurate estimation of LA, LtWt of terminal leaflet was the recommended option among other single or combination of predictors; and (3) recommended empirical model for LA estimation of snap bean trifoliate leaf is LA = 1.5198 LtWt.
Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 22-28.
Abstract: Changes in the incidence of fruit cracking, yield, number, and characteristics of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Japan over a 20-years period were investigated. Ten cultivars released in Japan during this period were compared in a short-term experiment conducted from fall through winter in hydroponics. The incidence of fruit cracking in cherry tomato cultivars decreased gradually with year of release from 1987-2009. The incidence of fruit cracking was negatively correlated with fruit yield and number among the 10 cultivars tested. With regard to fruit characteristics, the incidence of fruit cracking was negatively correlated with the fruit weight, the ratio of flesh weight to locular gel weight (F/G), and thickness of exocarp and mesocarp, but not with the flesh weight, soluble solid content or firmness of exocarp and mesocarp among the 10 cultivars tested. These results indicated that, by breeding in cherry tomato cultivars released in Japan over the past two decades, the decreased incidence of fruit cracking was related to the increase in the fruit yield and number per plant, and to the increase in fruit weight and F/G, in association with an increase in the total volume of water inflow into fruits.
1College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), University of Rwanda. P.O. Box 210 Musanze, Rwanda. 2Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University. P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 29-34.
Abstract: Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in Finlays, Lemotit Flower Farm, Kenya to determine the effect of bioslurry and plant biostimulant Hicure� on yield, quality and vase life of carnation. The experiments were laid in split plot embedded in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four levels of bioslurry: 0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 L m-2 were applied in the main plot while four levels of Hicure�: 0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 L ha-1 were used in the sub-plot. Results showed that bioslurry or plant biostimulant did not have a significant effect on carnation�s flower yield, weight, flower stem length and flower stem diameter. However, the interaction of bioslurry and plant biostimulant particularly at the rate of 0.5 L m-2 and 3 L ha-1 significantly improved the flower stem length by 1.11 cm as compared to control. The application of bioslurry significantly improved the flower head size in second trial from 21.09 mm in control to 21.68 mm, 21.81 mm and 21.90 mm for the carnation�s flower head diameter and from 40.34 mm in control to 40.96 mm, 40.97 mm and 40.88 mm for the carnation�s flower head length, respectively for the rate of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 L m-2. The flower head diameter was significantly improved from 22.12 mm in control to 22.32 mm, 22.30 mm and 22.40 mm by respective application of Hicure� at the rate of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 L ha-1 during first trial. Their interaction also improved the flower head length in second trial. Application of bioslurry had no significant effect on the vase life while plant biostimulant at the rates of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 L ha-1 significantly reduced the vase life by two days in first trial and one day in second trial. It was concluded that application of bioslurry at the rate of 0.5 L m-2 and plant biostimulant Hicure� at the rate 3 L ha-1 can therefore, be adopted for improvement of carnation quality parameters such as stem length and flower head size.
1Natural Resources Department, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. 2Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 35-45.
Abstract: A pot experiment, conducted during 2014 and 2015 seasons in completely randomized factorial design to determine the effect of natural extracts, foliar spray of Moringa leaves extract (1:30), humic acid (10%), seaweed (2%), Hogland nutrient solution and tap water as control, on growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, root length, and total dry weight of plant parts (roots, shoots and flowers), floral and chemical characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica grown at various sea salt concentrations (0, 3.12, 6.25 and, 9.37 dS/m) showed that by increasing sea salt concentrations, all growth characteristics, inflorescence number/plant and, inflorescence diameter decreased significantly, while, the number of days to inflorescence increased. Total chlorophylls, carotenoid contents, total carbohydrates and N, P, K%. Meanwhile, proline content, total soluble phenols, Na, Ca, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) increased at the high level of salinity (9.37 dS/m). The usage of the Moringa leaf extract significantly improved growth, inflorescence, as well as chemical characteristics, but also, decreased significantly Na under the adverse conditions of the studied sea salt stress. Moringa leaf extract could promote growth and protect crape myrtle plants against injuries by sea salt stress and being safe and cheap can substitute inorganic or chemical fertilizer.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 46-50.
Abstract: Conventional vegetative propagation of flamingo flower (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) is time consuming while commercial quantities can take years to develop. Hence, determination of a suitable and available potting media/ potting media mixes to provide solution to its propagation and flowering challenge is imperative. The growth response and sustainability of flamingo flower in different growth media were evaluated under nursery conditions between late planting season of 2011 (September) to early planting season of 2012 (February). Second planting was during the early planting season (June) to late planting season of 2012 (December) in the screen house of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Eight growth media viz. topsoil alone (TS) (control), topsoil + poultry manure (TSP) 3:1, sawdust + poultry manure (SP) 3:1, river sand + poultry manure (RSP) 3:1, coconut husk + poultry manure (CHP) 3:1, coconut coir + poultry manure (CcP) 3:1, maize cob + poultry manure (MCP) 3:1, oil palm empty fruit bunch + poultry manure (EFBP) 3:1 were tested. Suckers of Anthurium were planted in nursery bags arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with three (3) replicates in each planting year. Results indicated that growth media significantly affected the percentage of surviving plants. Sawdust + poultry manure (SP) (3:1) (93.33 %) was similar to those in coconut coir + poultry manure (CcP) (3:1) (80.00 %). Plants in the medium, coconut coir + poultry manure (CcP) (3:1) (7.33) were the better as compared to all the others in both planting years in terms of visual quality at 85 days after planting (85 DAP). Flower production in Anthurium was not significantly affected by growth media utilised in this study.
1Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosyst�mes en Zones Arides et Semi Arides, Facult� de Sciences de la nature et de la vie, et des sciences de la terre et de l�univers, Universit� Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Alg�rie. 2Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Echahid Hamma Lakhdar, El Oued, Algeria. 3Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l�Olivier (LBO), Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 51-57.
Abstract: The present study was carried out during five successive seasons (2010 to 2014) on mature autochthonous olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars namely: Azeradj, Chemlal, Neb djemel, Rougette and Sigoise grown under drip irrigation system in Dhaouia�s pilot farm in Oued Souf region in Algeria. Yield performance and pomological characteristics of these cultivars were studied. Results indicated that all of studied cultivars had acceptable olive production. Chemlal and Rougette recorded the highest cumulative yield over a five years period (306.6 and 294 kg/tree, respectively) whereas the lowest cumulative yield was from Neb djemel (243 kg/tree). Rougette had a remarkably alternate bearing index (0.18), whereas the other varieties showed a better stability in olive yields by a low alternate index (? 0.07). The largest fruit (6.86 g) were from Sigoise whereas Chemlal had the smallest fruit (1.76 g). Highest pulp fraction of total fruit weight (88.14%) was found in Sigoise, while the lowest (70.44%) was determined for Chemlal. Highest oil content in pulp dry weight was recorded in Rougette (36.31%) and Azeradj (32.35%), while the lowest values (20.14%) were recorded in Sigoise, Chemlal (27.71%) and Neb djemel (28.46%). Highest phenolic content in dry fruit pulp (23.56 mg GAE/g) was recorded in Sigoise whereas Azeradj had the lowest content (4.36 mg GAE/g). Based on these results, we recommend cultivating Sigoise and Neb djemel exclusively for table olive production in the Oued souf region, Rougette may be for dual purpose production, taking into account the economic feasibility for olive oil production in these desert areas.
Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 58-62.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to study drying kinetics of ultrasound assisted, microwave drying of okra and its effect on colour change, texture and rehydration properties of okra. The samples were dried in a continuous microwave dryer at 540 W power level and at a belt speed of 5 mm s-1. It was observed that ultrasound as pre-treatment led to significant reduction in drying time of okra. Page model was found to be the best to explain the drying behaviour of okra with high R2, lowest RMSE and X2. Ultrasound retained the colour properties of okra. The lowest total colour difference was recorded in ultrasound treated- 60 minutes sample (18.11) followed by the control dried sample (17.58). The textural properties of the treatments of ultrasound treated � 60 minutes and ultrasound treated-vacuum packed -30 minutes samples had the values of hardness, gumminess and chewiness closer to fresh okra values. The highest coefficient of rehydration was recorded in ultrasound treated- 60 minutes samples. The vacuum pack did not show any effect on the rehydration ratio. The rehydration ratio increased with increase in time from 30 to 60 minutes.
1Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology-East Java, Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development, Jl. Raya Karangploso KM. 4, Malang 65152- Indonesia. 2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology - Riau, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No. 341 Km 10, Pekanbaru - Indonesia.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 63-66.
Abstract: was conducted at Kediri, East Java for studying the effect of grafted tomato on off season production (rainy season) of tomato. Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with four treatment combinations viz., ungrafted (G0) and Grafted (EG 203 eggplant rootstock) (G1) and variety Timothy (V1) and CLN 3024 (V2) were studied for their main and interaction effect. The results indicated that grafting had highly significant effect on wilt disease incidence. There was interaction between grafted and variety for viral diseases and the yield (number of tomatoes). Grafed plants of cv Timothy had low virus attack with a higher yield (65 fruits per plant), compared to ungrafted plants (29 fruits per plant).
Morphological characteristics and frost tolerance of cultivars derived from the Rosa rugosa Thunb.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 67-69.
Abstract: Frost can damage rose plant and affects its performance in field under subfreezing conditions. Under severe cold conditions of North of Ukraine, use of winter-hardy rose cultivars is a suitable alternative for successful rose cultivation. Evaluation of 21 cultivars derived from Rosa rugosa Thunb. showed morphological characteristics and considerable frost tolerance and required no winter protection for their cultivation. Owing to their advantages, cultivars �Abelzieds�, �Agnes�, �Conrad Ferdinand Meyer�, �Delicia�, �F.J. Grootendorst�, �Hansa�, �Henry Kelsey�, �Kaiserin des Nordes�, �Nova Zembla�, �Pink Grootendorst�, �Purple Roadrunner�, �Red Rugostar�, �Ritausma�, �Robusta�, �Rose a Parfum de l�Hay�, �Rotes Phanomen�, �Rugelda�, �Therese Bugnet�, �White Grootendorst�, �White Roadrunner�, �Yellow Dagmar Hastrup� are recommended for planting in urban green areas of zone 5 climate of Ukraine.
1Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, 3Department of Plant Physiology, HCRI, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University,Venkataramannagudem-534101, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. 2Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, HCRI, Anantharajupeta-516105, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 70-74.
Abstract: The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the rooting characteristics of turf grass species planted with two different methods of establishment. A two factorial experiment with two methods of establishment and four turf grass species was laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice during the year 2014-2015. The rooting characteristics, such as number of roots per stolon, root length and distribution, root diameter, root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) were studied during the course of investigation. The results showed that Bermuda grass planted with dibbling method of establishment recorded significantly higher number of roots, root length and distribution, RFW, RDW, RLD and RMD, whereas lowest rooting characteristics were exhibited by Korean grass planted with turf plastering method of establishment. The differences in RLD and RMD among different turf grass species observed to be related to the method of establishment adopted. Deep rooting species may have an advantage in absorbing the soil moisture from the deeper layers of the soil particularly during the water deficit periods thereby resulting in higher quality turf throughout the year.
IARI Regional Station (CHC), Amartara Cottage, Cart Road, Shimla-171004 (H.P.).
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 75-77.
Abstract: A screening technique for the identification of resistant germplasm of apple (Malus spp.) and pear (Pyrus spp.) to white root rot (Dematophora necatrix Hartig) was standardized under field conditions. Rooted suckers were planted in the field during late dormancy stage (February). These were challenge inoculated when plants had established in the field and attained new growth (during the month of July) by introducing fungus inoculum multiplied on wheat grain in the rhizosphere (50 grains/ sucker). Soil moisture was maintained at the field capacity. Different species exhibited differential reaction to disease development parameters viz., mycelial colonization of the infected plant parts, rate of wilting, defoliation, necrosis on the bark, wood and vascular region. Necrosis on the leaves was observed as first symptom of disease expression which took 10 days after the inoculation in susceptible species whereas incubation period was extended in resistant species. Most of the population of different susceptible host species collapsed within 30 days of inoculation. The mortality rate varied with species. The technique evolved is easy, quick, reliable and capable of creating required disease pressure under field conditions for screening rootstocks against white root rot disease.
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 78-83.
Abstract: Effect of postharvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of litchi cvs. �Bombai� and �Madraji� were studied. Fruits of both the cultivars were stored in polyethylene bags, bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining and open conditions at 5 �C and under ambient temperature for 9 days. In all the cases, fruits stored in open conditions lost weight rapidly and became unmarketable within 3 days due to rapid pericarp browning. In contrast, fruits kept in polyethylene bag had reduced weight loss and retained pericarp colour greatly during storage. Decay symptom was observed when the fruits were stored in ambient temperature either in polyethylene bags or in bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining. However, no decay symptom was found in fruits kept at 5 �C irrespective of storage treatments. The changes in TSS, ascorbic acid and total phenolics in the aril were minimum in the treatment of polyethylene bags than that of bamboo baskets with litchi leaf lining and open conditions. Overall, fruits of both cultivars showed similar storage behavior and maintained better quality at 5 �C than ambient temperature.
1Department of Vegetable Production, Unidade Acad�mica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada-PE, Brazi. 2Associa��o Educacional do Vale da Jurumirim, Avar�-SP, Brazil. 3Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Campus Zona Rural, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. 4Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Centro de Ci�ncias Agr�rias-CECA, Maceio, AL, Brazil.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2017, volume 19, issue 1, pages 84-88.
Abstract: Polyamines and boron spray were applied on gerbera to study their effect on the quality of flowers in potted plants of gerbera cv. ��Kosak��. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with six treatments (control, 0.8 mL-1 boron, 2 mMol L-1 putrescine (Put), 2 mMol L-1 spermine (Spm), 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Put and 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Spm) replicated six times. Gerberas (ligules and leaves) cv. ��Kosak�� were sprayed once with 100 mL of each concentration as treatment. In all the treatments, 1 mL/100 L-1 of a non-ionic surfactant was added to improve wetting and spray distribution. The results indicated significant effect of Put, Spm and boron on measured traits (P?0.05). Mean comparison showed that 2 mMol L-1 Spm produced the better quality potted gerberas. It was verified that polyamines and boron was effective to delay flower senescence of gerberas ��Kosak��. However, the combination of the two substances (0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Put and 0.8 mL-1 boron + 2 mMol L-1 Spm) had non significant effect on flower shelf life.
© 2013 Journal of Applied Horticulture.


You only need wheels/tires if you plan on rolling it around. Otherwise the stand can sit on the floor just fine.
The tires he is referring to are the rubber coatings on the drive wheels where the blade runs.
I do not recall ever seeing a bandsaw that did not use tires, and doubt that you would want to run metal to metal, so I would want them. They're out there, so you'll probably have to look around online for something generic of the right size.
Last edited by aka pedro; 09-19-18 at 08:24 AM.
I also saw a thread on welding web suggesting parts for TSC's current line of bandsaws will fit Duracraft, but I'd suggest a grain of salt : - ).
Good luck with it, hope it works out!
It's a very common saw sold under many brand names over the past 30+ years. If you can't find parts for your brand name the parts from others should fit.


I took the time to fit a Scott oiler the proper way, so I've had the tank off, I've now re-fitted everything, now the bike will turn over but won't start. I've checked for trapped wires pipes etc beneath tank and all seems good. Anyone experienced this before?
Does the fuel pump prime when you first turn the key?
Did the same thing yesterday with my Dl1000. Found that I'd failed to connect the connector underneath the tank at the same time as I connected the hoses. Fortunately it was visible without removing the tank so I simply reconnected it and it struck up first turn-Result.
Worth checking the fuel hose is fully pressed home over the nozzle on the end of the pump. If i remember rightly it can feel like its pushed on but then needs another 5 or 10mm of movement to be fully seated before you put the red plastic clip down to lock it in place.
Foxy, yeah I made the mistake, fuel came out, its fully home now. May just require turning over more once battery is connected to power pack.
Make sure the red lock clip is visible when looking from the metal tube side. This proves the flexible pipe is properly pushed home.
Nope, tube is all the way in and clip fully home. When I said turning over I meant the engine not the pipe.


text:
The original item was published from 9/14/2020 9:46:32 AM to 10/15/2020 12:00:00 AM.
[ARCHIVED] EGLE Dam Safety Task Force Names Pratt as Chair
Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner, Evan Pratt, has been named Chair of the Michigan Dam Safety Task Force. This 19-person team, assembled by The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), will provide recommendations on policy and budget, along with legislative and enforcement reforms to prevent future dam failures across the state.
A 1987 MIT graduate, Pratt brings over 30 years of experience in civil engineering, public works operations, and water quality expertise to the team. Pratt states "I am honored to just be included in a group with the breadth and depth of credentials of this dream team of technical experts and dam professionals."
Douglas Jester, partner from 5 Lakes Energy, has been elected as Vice Chair while John Broschak, VP Generation Operations and Compression, Consumers Energy, has been elected as Secretary.
EGLE Director, Liesl Clark, states "the Michigan Dam Safety Task Force members have broad expertise and knowledge in all areas related to dam safety. The historic rain event which led to the dam failure and catastrophic 500-year flooding event in Mid-Michigan illuminated the consequences of inadequate investing in infrastructure. It also points to potential improvements that should be made in policies, procedures, funding and regulations. The Task Force will analyze those areas and others and we are eager to see their recommendations."
For more information, visit Michigan's Dam Safety Task Force website at https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135-3306_88771_102319---,00.html.
Pratt is currently serving his second four-year term as Washtenaw County's Water Resources Commissioner and is up for re-election this November.
The mission of the Office of the Water Resources Commissioner is to provide for the health, safety and welfare of Washtenaw County citizens and the protection of surface water and the environment and to promote the long term environmental and economic sustainability of Washtenaw County by providing storm water management, flood control, development review and water quality programs. Visit www.washtenaw.org/drains.
Other News in Water - News
Issues of the Environment-Recycle Ann Arbor is a leader in plastics recycling
TAKE A SURVEY TO HELP PROTECT WATER QUALITY
Home Toxics Center Temporarily Closed
Issues of the Environment-Michigan winters are changing and climate adaptation is key to the future
Business Owners – protect water quality inside, outside & under your building!
The Green Room. . .Butterflies, Dragonflies & Moths in Washtenaw
Issues of the Environment-Improving our environment with the use of a 'circular economy'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Python subprocess.Popen pass modified environment to use new environment varibels in postinst script I have a server to install different debian packages that contain a postinst script.
Some packages require a modified environment containing some ports to connect to.
When I call the server to install the package, I pass in the request an object parameter vars containing the custom ports:
{'vars': {'CUSTOM_PORT_1': '7755', 'CUSTOM_PORT_2': '7766'}}
In my code I call subprocess.Popen to run a command that will install the debian package. Here's my code:
def open_process(command, app_vars=None):
    my_env = os.environ.copy()
    if app_vars:
        my_env.update(app_vars)

    p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo', 'dpkg', '-i', 'path-to-package'], env=my_env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)

    output, err = p.communicate()
    return_code = p.returncode
    return output, err, return_code

I expected that the modified environment will be passed to the postinst script, via env=my_env so I can print them out. The postinst script runs an app that uses these ports from the modified environment, so I must export them before I run the app. Here is the code from the postinst script:
#!/bin/bash
.
.
.
echo "CUSTOM_PORT_1:$CUSTOM_PORT_1"
echo "CUSTOM_PORT_2:$CUSTOM_PORT_2"

export APP_PORT_1=$CUSTOM_PORT_1
export APP_PORT_2=$CUSTOM_PORT_2

echo "APP_PORT_1:$APP_PORT_1"
echo "APP_PORT_2:$APP_PORT_2"
.
.
.
*run-the-app*

Unfortunately, this is the output:
CUSTOM_PORT_1:
CUSTOM_PORT_2:

APP_PORT_1:
APP_PORT_2:

I must mention I also tried the subprocess.Popen line in a few additional ways:
1.
p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo dpkg -i /path-to-package', env=my_env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)

*

def open_process(command, app_vars=None):
    if app_vars:
        for key in app_vars:
           os.environ[key] = app_vars.get(key)

    p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo', 'dpkg', '-i', 'path-to-package'], env={**os.environ}, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)

Is there anything I'm missing?
Are my expectations reasonable?
Is this even possible?

A: Well I just learned that when running a command with sudo the local user environment variables are not the same as the root user.
In order to preserve the environment variables when running a command with sudo, you should add the flag -E as described in this answer how-to-keep-environment-variables-when-using-sudo.
I copied from how-to-keep-environment-variables-when-using-sudo the quote from the man page:

-E, --preserve-env
Indicates to the security policy that the user wishes to preserve their
existing environment variables.  The security policy may return an error
if the user does not have permission to preserve the environment.

Once I changed the command string to sudo -E dpkg -i path-to-package, the postinst script was able to print out the variables as I expected:
CUSTOM_PORT_1: 7755
CUSTOM_PORT_2: 7766

APP_PORT_1: 7755
APP_PORT_2: 7766

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