text:
What Is Liberal
Liberal In Politics
Liberal Party Of Canada
Definition Of Liberal
Liberal Vs Conservative
Lockean liberalism
August 21, 2016 – 01:58 am
Lockean Liberalism and the American Revolution
The town of Boston took an important step toward rebellion on November 20, 1772, by adopting a declaration of "the Rights of the Colonists" drafted by Sam Adams, the firebrand of the Revolution. Adams summarized these "Natural rights" as "First, a Right to LIFE; Secondly to LIBERTY; thirdly to Property." He described a "natural liberty of Men, " a "state of nature" where each was "sole judge of his own rights and the injuries done him." This free man entered into political society by agreeing to accept an "Arbiter or indifferent Judge between him and his neighbors, " a civil government that would support, defend, and protect his natural rights to "life, liberty and property." In 1772 the rights that Adams described were being threatened by British imperial policy. An honest man, Adams acknowledged in his declaration that the source of these principles was the English political theorist "Mr. Lock" whose ideas on politics had been "proved beyond the possibility of contradiction on any solid ground."
Meanwhile, the leading colonial critic of the drift to rebellion, the Anglican clergyman Jonathan Boucher, preached to his congregants in Virginia and Maryland that they had an obligation as Christians to accept, indeed to "reverence authority, " since "there is no power, but of God; the powers that be are ordained of God." There was never, he added, a time when "the whole human race is born equal" when "no man is naturally inferior, or, in any respect, subjected to another." Governments were not the product of voluntary consent, he insisted, but were given by God to men who were then forever subordinate to those superiors God had set to govern them. He ridiculed notions of a "social compact" and of "a right to resistance." In a 1774 sermon defending the divine right of kings to govern against colonial claims of self-government Boucher singled out the evil source of the misguided views of the rebellious colonists: "Mr. Locke" was the author "of the system now under consideration." Americans, he hoped, would choose obedience to monarchs as announced in the New Testament's "Romans 13" over the "right to resistance, for which Mr. Locke contends."
Source: www.gilderlehrman.org
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New Movies This Week: Shazam!, It Started With A Kiss The Movie and more!
Plan your week ahead and choose which of these movie openings this April 3, 2019, you'll see on the big screen first.
Directed by David Sandberg, it follows Billy Batson, a 14-year old kid who goes from one foster home to another in search for his real mother. One day, a weakened wizard names him champion, turning him into an adult superhero every time he cries "Shazam!" Still young in mind and spirit, Billy must learn what kind of hero he really is beyond the super powers he possesses. The film stars Zachary Levi, Asher Angel, Jack Dylan Grazer, and Mark Strong.
Directed by Frankie Chen Yu-shan, it is based on a popular manga series which follows the story of a naive and clumsy girl named Yuan Xiangqin who is secretly in love with the handsome Class A student Jiang Zhishu. Just as the title suggests, a romantic roller coaster begins after an unexpected kiss between the two. The film stars Darren Wang and Jelly Lin.
Directed by Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer, it is a reboot of the popular Stephen King novel. It follows Dr. Louis Creed who moves to rural Maine with his wife and two children. He discovers a mysterious burial ground in the woods called the 'Pet Sematary' and buries their dead cat in there. After Louis finds it back home, alive, he will soon realize that it is just the beginning of a long nightmare. It stars stars Jason Clarke, John Lithgow, and Amy Seimetz.
Directed by Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi, it is an Indian epic biographical period drama about Rani Lakshmi Bai, one of the key leaders in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This tale tells a woman's bravery and valor against British invaders, becoming a figure of inspiration for the generations to come. The film stars Kangana Ranaut as the lead actress.
Directed by Tomonori Sudô, this anime film picks up from where Fate/Stay Night: Heaven's Feel I - Presage Flower left off. It focuses on the relationship of teenagers Shirou Emiya and Sakura Matou, who are both participants of the Holy Grail War. It is the second film of the trilogy before the Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel III - Spring Song. The voice actors consist of Noriko Shitaya, Noriaki Sugiyama, and Ayako Kawasumi among others.
Written and directed by Poap Manansala, Portrait of My Love stars Polo Ravales and Kiray Celis as loving couple Miguel and Monay who lay victims after a group of gunmen shot at them. While Miguel is in a coma, Monay's ghost wanders off to find justice for the both of them. The movie also stars Epy Quizon, Jeffrey Santos, Cai Cortez, and Leo Martinez.


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What's my motivation?
In Samuel Taylor Coleridge's personal copy of Shakespeare, in the margins near the end of the first act of Othello, he wrote the note "the motive-hunting of motiveless Malignity." And thus was started an entire cottage industry:
Why does Iago do what he does?
If Coleridge is on to something here, then Iago is a human Puck, reveling in the chaos he causes. In this theory, Iago's final words ("Demand me nothing. What you know, you know. // From this time forth I will never speak word" [V.ii.303-04]) are a twisted statement of fact: I won't tell you why because I don't have a reason.
But doesn't he?
Iago tells Roderigo within the first 30 lines that he hates Othello because the Moor promoted Cassio over Iago as his lieutenant. This sounds rational. Maybe too much so, especially when he lies so often to Roderigo. Plus, Othello goes out of his way to tell Iago at the end of the centerpoint scene, Act Three, Scene Three, "Thou art my lieutenant" (III.iii.479), but Iago does nothing to slow Othello's passion against Desdemona. If the promotion was the key, then Cassio is the target…but Iago is no longer wielding a rifle with a sniper's scope, he's carrying a sawed-off shotgun.
So, if it's not the promotion, what is it?
It seems like a stretch, but Iago does say (in his final soliloquy, no less) of Cassio, "He hath a daily beauty in his life // That makes me ugly" (V.i.19-20). Is this everyday feeling of inadequacy a sense, perhaps, of class envy? If so, then all those above him must be destroyed. Brabantio, a great man of Venice, will have his household turned upside down. Desdemona, his daughter, must be defamed then killed. Roderigo, a man who is high enough in the Venetian social strata to be a suitor to Desdemona (and for whom–albeit in hindsight–Brabantio gives his voice), must be duped and killed. Cassio, the recipient of "preferment" (I.i.35) and now his military superior, is to be brought down and killed. The governor of Cyprus must be humiliated in a common street brawl. And, of course, Othello must be destroyed.
Then there's the residue from Shakespeare's source for Othello, "Un Capitano Moro" ("A Moorish Captain"), by the Italian writer Giovanni Battista Giraldi, better known as Cinthio. In his version, while the Iago character is looking for revenge, there's a sexual component to it, as he had been romantically spurned by Desdemona. Despite admitting, "I do lover her too; // Not out of absolute lust, though peradventure // I stand accountant for as great a sin" (II.i.288-90), there's nothing in our text that gives us explicit verification of this kind of romantic history. Still, it could be played for subtext.
Of course, all of this ignores the obvious.
My take is that the keys are always in the soliloquies. A character may lie to another character, but he has no reason (at least not in Shakespeare) to lie to himself or–more importantly–to us. So what do the soliloquies tell us?
In his first soliloquy, Iago tells us, "I hate the Moor, // And it is thought abroad that 'twixt y sheets // [Othello]'as done my office" (I.iii.378-80). Granted, he does say, "I know not if't be true" (I.iii.380), but he considered the possibility of cuckoldry true enough to have accused his wife of it, as Emilia notes that jealousy had "turned [Iago's] wit the seamy side without // and made [Iago] to suspect [her] with the Moor" (IV.ii.146-47).
Then, upon arriving in Cyprus, Iago reiterates his mistrust, soliloquizing,
I do suspect the lusty Moor
Hath leaped into my seat, the thought whereof
Doth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards,
And nothing can or shall content my soul
Till I am evened with him wife for wife
II.i.292-96
Iago suspects cuckoldry and it's eating at him. Inflicting the same torment on Othello is the only thing that will give him relief. That would explain why he's going after the Moor. But why is he hell-bent on destroying Cassio, if this is the reason and not the lost promotion? Simple. Iago suspects that Emilia has been unfaithful to Iago with not only Othello, but Cassio as well: "I fear Cassio with my nightcap too" (II.i.304).
Jealous fear. That's one heckuva motivator. I just can't believe so many discount, so many ignore this theory and go with military promotions and devil-like motiveless Malignity.
CategoriesOthello, tragedy
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Home News Feud Over? Beyoncé And Jay-Z Send $21K Baby Gift To Kim And...
Feud Over? Beyoncé And Jay-Z Send $21K Baby Gift To Kim And Kanye
JETSS COM
Jay Z and Beyoncé made an extravagant gift to the new parents of 3. (Photo: Instagram)
Kim and Kanye received a bracelet for $21 thousand dollars from the couple, after the birth of their baby girl. (Photo: WENN)
The piece by Lorraine Schwartz was customized with the number "3", in reference to Kimye's third offspring. (Photo: Instagram)
The couple welcomed their daughter on January 15, via surrogate. (Photo: Instagram)
Jay-Z and Kanye have been estranged since October 2016, after West vent about the Carters during one of his concerts. (Photo: WENN)
Kanye accused Jay-Z and Beyoncé of not even calling Kim after the Paris robbery. (Photo: WENN)
"That happens," Jay admitted about there being tension with West in an interview The New York Times. (Photo: WENN)
"Hopefully when we're 89 we look at this six months or whatever time and we laugh at that." (Photo: WENN)
Jay-Z and Beyoncé are parents to three children. (Photo: Instagram)
Blue Ivy, their eldest daughter, is six years old. (Photo: Instagram)
In June of 2017, the couple welcomed their twins, Sir and Rumi. (Photo: Instagram)
Kim and Kanye have also become parents of three children. (Photo: Instagram)
North West, the oldest of their children, is 4 years old. (Photo: Instagram)
Saint West, is only 1 year old. (Photo: Instagram)
What do you give the parents of a baby girl who give each other stock for the most powerful companies in the world as a Christmas present? An equally extravagant gift, that's the answer.
According to The Sun, Beyoncé and Jay-Z have sent what is probably the most over-the-top the still unnamed baby West has received—as of now. It's a Lorraine Schwartz diamond bracelet with an estimated value of $21,000 dollars. According to the outlet¸ the exclusive piece of jewelry was customized with the number "3", in reference to Kimye's third offspring.
"Beyonce and Jay could not be more pleased for them, they can't wait to meet the little one, and have sent them this gift already," a source told the outlet. "It shows they have all moved on from the past, and they are 'familia' once more."
The "humble" gift could be a confirmation that the year-long feud between Jay-Z and Kanye has finally come to an end, especially after Mr. Carter hinted in a recent interview with The New York Times that he wanted to bury the hatchet.
"That happens," Jay admitted about there being tension with West. "In the long relationship, you know, hopefully when we're 89 we look at this six months or whatever time and we laugh at that […] There's gonna be complications in the relationship that we have to get through. And the only way to get through that is we sit down and have a dialogue."
In October 2016, the rappers' longtime friendship took an unexpected turn after Yeezy venture on his relationship with Jay-Z and Beyoncé on stage during one of his concerts. West accused the couple of not even calling Kim after the Paris robbery, and he also claimed that their children were not playing together anymore.
However, the opulent bracelet may have changed things for the better. "Kanye is over the moon as he has always considered Jay-Z his 'big brother,' and Beyoncé has always been one of his closest friends," the source said. "It's only a matter of time before the playdates begin."
Good news for Blue Ivy, Sir, Rumi, North, Saint, and baby girl West!
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The natural resources of the earth are running on low as we as a nation and across the world continue to use oils and fossil fuels more and more everyday.
Gas alternatives are being tested and put into use around the world because the use of fossil fuels has been going on for so long, that the natural resources of the earth are being depleted.
Fossil fuels are one the main stays in heating homes across the US and around the world.
Making alternative fuels is a topic that many people from around the world are becoming more and more interested in.
US alternative fuels are fast becoming the talk of the nation. We need and want alternatives to gasoline. The oil reserves are running low, and there is no real telling on how long what is in the earth is going to last.
Contemporary style is anything that has been created in the last half of the 20th century. This style offers soft looks with rounded lines and modern designs.
If you love to collect baskets and have them around your home, then you should know that there are lots of different things that you can do with them for decorating.
If you are on a tight budget and have to watch every penny, you may think that you have to go cheap on your style. You should shoot higher than just making your apartment livable.
Adding glow in the dark accents to any room will create a whole new and fun look. Any child will love going to bed at night and looking up to see glowing stars starring back at them.
When you have limited space in your house and not enough bedroom for everyone to have their own, you have to compromise and do some creative designing in order to make two people very happy about sharing a room.


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Red chillies : 3 to 4 nos.
Clean mutton, add 1 table spoon ginger garlic paste, chiili powder, haldi and 1 tea spoon of oil. Mix well add a cup of water and cook in a pressure cooker for 6 to 8 whistles and keep it aside.
Soak tamarind in warm water for 10 to 15 mins. and make thick pulp.
Grind 2 Onions, jeera, methi and dhaniya (whole) into fine paste.
Heat 2 table spoons of oil in a thick bottomed vessel, add jeera to it. Let it splutter. Add Red chillies, green chillies, Mashed garlic pods and curry leaves. Cook for few seconds and add onion paste. Fry until it turns pink and starts leaving oil. Now add half tea spoon of haldi to it and add the cooked mutton to it. Stir well and add chopped tomatoes. Cook for few min. till the tomatoes are cooked. Now add the tamarind pulp and salt to it. Cook in a low flame for 10 to 15mins. and take it into a serving bowl.
Garnish with fresh coriander leaves. Hot,spicy and sour Mutton pulusu is ready.......... Serve hot with Rotis, Chapatis or rice.


The David Jones store in Sydney is on the cusp of being sold.
Juicy yields could be a thing of the past in Australia's retail property market, with rabid interest from trusts and foreign investors seeing prices soar as competition continues to heat up.
Retail property sales nationally reached $8.4 billion in the year to September, up $1.3 billion on the five-year average, according to Savills research, with trusts and foreign buyers maintaining their stranglehold on the market.
And some experts say that as supply dries up further and more investors chase their piece of retail, expectations of what constitutes a "reasonable" investment yield are plummeting.
"6% is now seen as a reasonable return, and what you might call alternative sectors of the market such as petrol stations, are attracting increasingly greater scrutiny,'' Savills' Melbourne associate director of retail investments Pat De Maria says.
Surprisingly it was Brisbane that led the way in retail property sales in the 12 months to September, with its $2.39 billion in sales trumping Sydney ($2.3 billion) and Melbourne ($2.1 billion).
Perth recorded $989 million in sales, while Adelaide had $649 million.
Buyers continue to come hard for retail property across Australia.
Savills' national of research Tony Crabb says there is no shortage of buyers prepared to part with significant capital in order to gain a foothold in retail.
"Retail property continues to attract significant investment dollars and while foreign investment has again been very strong, local buyers, institutional and private, have also figured prominently in snapping up any opportunities that are put to the market,'' Crabb says.
In Sydney, Savills' national director of retail investments Steven Lerche says with the retail property pool shrinking and investor demand remaining high, yields will sharpen further but will reach a tipping point eventually.
"Yield compression can only go so far, eventually it is going to taper off," Lerche says.


April 11 2019, New Delhi: Aegon Life Insurance, pioneer of digital insurance in India, unveiled the seventh annual Aegon Retirement Readiness Survey 2018 – The New Social Contract: a blueprint for retirement in the 21st century, which positions India as the leader in retirement readiness among the 15 countries included in 2018 survey. India is the only country that scored more than 7.3 on the Aegon Retirement Readiness Index (ARRI).
The survey is not indicative of the general population and is conducted among middle and high income-earning organized workers in the cities. The report evaluates the retirement readiness of workers themselves and investigates improvements that can be made to help workers achieve the aspirations they hold for their retirement. It explores the growing importance of health in the realities of financial planning, and for the first time the report examines the issues of financial literacy and aging with dignity.
A third (35 percent) of people in India think that reductions in government retirement benefits will impact their plans for retirement (compared to 38 percent globally). ). Increased life expectancy (33 percent) and the prolonged low interest environment (32 percent) also feature high up the list of global trends impacting retirement plans.


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text:
Cyprus Cyprus Talks
Mogherini: EU and Turkey share common interest in solving Cyprus, Anastasiades: time-zone issue indication of Turkey's influence on north
By Jean Christou September 9, 2016 November 15, 2016 50 125
President Nicos Anastasiades with Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos in Athens
The European Union and Turkey share a "common interest" in seeing the Cyprus issue resolved in the coming months, Federica Mogherini, who oversees foreign affairs for the European Commission, said on Friday.
Mogherini spoke at a news conference after talks with Turkey's Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu and European Affairs Minister Omer Celik.
"I would like to say a word on the issue of Cyprus because we discussed this at length during the meeting today and I believe and I can say that the European Union and Turkey have a common interest in seeing the Cyprus issue solved," said Mogherini.
"We both can contribute enormously to this solution, we both want this to happen and I believe that we both believe that this could happen now in the near future. So this is why maybe this expectation was somehow raised in this framework, because indeed we see a window of more than hope for this issue to be solved in a proper way in the coming months."
During the same meeting, EU Enlargement Commissioner Johannes Hahn also expressed hope the Cyprus problem would be resolved and disagreed with Cavusoglu, who said it was a weakness on the part of the EU to allow the Republic of Cyprus to block Ankara's accession negotiations.
"This is not the EU's weakness. I do not agree with Mr. Cavusoglu. These are the conditions of the game and must be respected," he said.
Meanwhile in Athens, according to CNA, President Nicos Anastasiades revisited the issue of post-settlement guarantees saying before a meeting with Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos: "Our Turkish Cypriot compatriots have to understand that what we are seeking in Cyprus is an independent, sovereign state and not to convert the Republic of Cyprus into a protectorate of any power."
He referred to the Turkish Cypriot side's decision to follow Turkey in not turning their clocks back next month, effectively creating two time zones in Cyprus. The decision, he said, though not so grave "nonetheless proves why Cyprus does not need any guarantees or influences, even in one of the two constituent states of a federal Cyprus."
"What message is such a move sending? For a start, it says that they are under Turkey`s influence," he added. "Secondly, do they believe that they have been incorporated into Turkey, while at the same time we are trying, through our efforts with the Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci (to reunite the country), and that they will form part of Turkey which will be united and form the Federal Republic of Cyprus? " he said.
"That is why I am saying that any guarantees will simply provide Ankara with an advantage as a guarantor power, exercising its influence to control the whole new state of affairs."
It was for these reasons, he added that he spoke of "cautious optimism" as there were still issues that have to be solved "and if this does not happen, it will be impossible to reach a solution."
CavusogluCypruscyprus problemEuropean UnionGreeceguaranteesMogheriniNicos Anastasiadestime zoneturkey
UN: two sides will decide when and how to address time zone problem
Remand for burglary suspects in Paphos
Jean Christou


text:
Tractate Berakhos & Tamid v. I:...
Master A Mesikta Series is a perfect perfect companion for the study of Talmud. Designed for those who already know something, the series provides important background information on Talmud and clarifies its content using outlines, elucidations of its text and commentaries: it explains the sequence of Talmud's texts, overviews discussed topics, zooms in on how aggadic portions of Talmud interact with its legal discussions, and much more...
MASTER • A • MESIKHTA • SERIES TRACTATE COMMENTARY AND STUDY GUIDE NACHMAN COHEN Torah Lishmah Institute 25 Clifton Avenue Yonkers, New York 10705
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Tractate Berakhos & Tamid v. I: Commentary and Study Guide
About Book Tractate Berakhos & Tamid v. I: Commentary and Study Guide
Tractate Berakhos Front Matter Title Page Copyright Page Torah Lishmah InstitutePrefaceDedication Page Content Sequence AnalysisThe Talmud of Light and the Talmud of DarknessThe Jerusalem TalmudThe Babylonian TalmudThe Written TorahOverview: Chapters One through FiveBerakhos: Chapter OneMishna G'mara[3] Re: When the Kohanim may eat t'rumahBraisa (1): The Sh'ma may be read from whenBraisa (2):Braisa (3):Analysis:[4] Re: MishmarosBraisa:When did David arise? At midnight or at dusk? David: Protect me [o' Lord] for I am righteous (chassid ani) How could David call himself righteous if he questioned hisown righteousness?[5] Re:[1d][10] R. Levi b. Chama/Reish Lakish[11] R. Levi b. Chama/Reish Lakish[12] R. Yitzchak: If a person recites the Sh'ma at bedtime—[26] If a person is God-fearing—[30] Self-reproach is better than—[33] R. Yochanan/R. Shimon b. Yochai[36] R. Yochanan/R. Shimon b. Yochai[39] R. Chiya b. Ami/Ula[40] R. Huna b. Yehuda/R. Menachem/R. Ami[44] Re: R. GamlielWhen is the latest that the Evening Sh'ma may be recited?MishnaG'mara MishnaG'maraMishnaG'mara[64] Braisa[65] Rav Chin'na Saba/RavRe: [65d]Re: Parshas BalakMishnaG'maraTosefta: Chapter One[Tl][T2][T3][T4][T5][T6][T7][T8][T10][T11][T12][T13][T14][T15][T16]The Jerusalem TalmudTractate Tamid Front Matter Title Page Parallels Between Tractates Berakhosand TamidR. Hirsch: Prayer and the TamidGeneral structure of the AmidahThe First Three BlessingsThe Middle BlessingsThe Last Three BlessingsRe: The Order of the Temple serviceContent Tamid: Chapter One MishnaG'mara MishnaG'mara Siyum of Tractate TamidAlexander the GreatIntroductory questionsBackground of the TamidAlexanderAlexander and the RabbisDarkness vs. LightMoralTamid and PesachTorah and MitzvosPesach epitomizes darknessPesach after tamidK'tores before or after tamid
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The astonishing stories in Smoke Over Birkenau tell of the women who lived and suffered alongside Liana Millu during her months in the concentration camp.
Literary Studies In The Hebrew Bible Form And Content
This volume focuses on some major issues in biblical research. In the studies collected in this volume, the author aims at highlighting salient literary modes which can be identified the books of the Hebrew Bible.
Studies in Jewish Education IX: Understanding the Bible in Our Time
The ninth volume of Studies in Jewish Education examines issues relating to Biblical research and instruction.
Lost Love: The Untold Story of Henrietta Szold
The book tells the story of Henrietta Szold s lost love through her correspondence with Louis Ginzberg and a previously unpublished private journal.
AN EMPIRE IN THE HOLY LAND
The International Critical Commentary (ICC): Isaiah I-XXVII
In religion, as elsewhere, great personalities count first, and it is the privilege of a student of the Book of Isaiah to come face to face with one, if not two, such personalities...
The Sephardi Legacy II
Studies in Hebrew Narrative Art (Scripta Hierosolymitana XXVII)
Each of the twelve articles in this volumes illustrates some state of the development of Hebrew narrative prose: from biblical literature though talmudic-midrashic and medieval eras till modern times.
The Gate Behind the Wall: A Pilgrimage to Jerusalem
When Samuel Heilman took a sabbatical from teaching sociology to spend time in Jerusalem, he did not know that it would become a personal pilgrimage. What had begun by engaging the social scientist in me would end by awakening the Jew, Heilman writes.
Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer
Kabbalistic midrashic work on Genesis, part of Exodus, and a few sentences of Numbers ascribed to R. Eliezer b. Hyrcanus.
Tractate Sanhedrin: Commentary and Study Guide
SANHEDRIN (" Court"): Name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmudim. It stands fourth in the order Nezikin in most editions, and is divided into eleven chapters containing seventy-one paragraphs in all. It treats chiefly of courts and their powers, of qualifications for the office of judge, and of legal procedure and criminal law.
The Book of Delight and Other Papers
The book contains eight chapters of an absorbing text, including The Book of Delight, A Visit to Hebron, Medieval Mayfaring, and Marriages Are Made in Heaven.
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (Complete and Unabridged Electronic Edition)
This is the complete and unabridged electronic edition of the twentieth century finest and most comprehensive Hebrew lexicon available to the English-speaking student of the Hebrew Scriptures.
The Battle for Jerusalem: June 5-7,1967
Enhanced by fascinating photographs and an epilogue tracing the subsequent lives and military careers of the key participants, Rabinovich's gripping narrative brings the reader to the scene of this brilliant military victory and emotional reunion of a people with their sacred city.
A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ (in 5 vols.)
The most valuable general modern work (on the subject) . . . Encyclopedia Britannica
Folk-lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion and Law. Vol. III
Many traces of the old modes of life and thought survive in the form of folklore. A few such relics of ruder times, as they are preserved like fossils in the Old Testament, are illustrated and explained by the author in this book. In the third volume The Keepers of the Threshold, the Bird-Sanctuary, The Silent Widow, and other stories are discussed.
The Book of Pogroms (in Russian)
asdfsaf
History of the Jews, Vol. 4: From the Rise of the Kabbala (1270 C.E.) to the Permanent Settlement of the Marranos in Holland (1618 C.E.)
A condensed reproduction of the first comprehensive attempt to write the history of the Jews as the history of a living people and from a Jewish point of view. The fourth volume covers the period from the rise of the Kabbala to the permanent settlement of the Marranos in Holland.
JPS Bible Commentary: Esther
In this latest addition to the Jewish Publication Society's commentary series, the reader will further be reworded with many productive and original insights: in this particular case on the background of the feast of Purim.
THE CONCILIATOR
Ezra Studies
BOOKS OF KINGS
THE EIGHT CHAPTERS OF MAIMONIDES ON ETHICS
Amulets and Magic Bowls: Aramaic Incantations of the Late Antiquity
The book contains the texts of all the legible amulets in Aramaic known today as well as 13 unpublished till now bowls. Their study allows us to peak into the religious feelings and practices of common people in the Talmudic period. The book contains a wealth of new material for the history of magic in the Middle East.
Selected Poems of Jehudah Halevi
The gift of song, cherished and tended as it was by the Spanish Jews of the Middle Ages, reached its highest development in the poems of Jehudah Halevi. His love poems are made of dew and fire. But in his poems to Zion there is no such combination of a poet's ordinary artifices. It is his soul that is the instrument—and on his heartstrings is played the song of Israel's hope.
Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Vol. 7
The most comprehensive work in its class; includes articles on all religions, ethical systems and movements, religious beliefs and customs, philosophical ideas, moral practices, as well as related subjects in anthropology, mythology, folklore, relevant areas of biology, psychology, economics and sociology.
JPS Hebrew-English (Jewish Bible) Tanakh
A true searchable (offline -- English only; in optional online mode -- both English and Hebrew) replica (including Biblical Hebrew vowel and cantillation marks) of the original 2nd printed edition. It is a MUST for any serious student of The Holy Scriptures and perfect a participant in Bible-study groups.
New Heart, New Spirit: Biblical Humanism for Modern Israel
New Heart, New Spirit confronts the ethical and moral values of the Bible in the context of the critical situation that Israel and Zionism are facing. It is an outcry and a challenge to the xenophobic movements focused on "holy wars," power, land, and blood.
Studies in Jewish Education IV: Curriculum and the teaching of Hebrew
The present volume, the fourth in the series Studies in Jewish Education, is dedicated to the subject of curriculum and the teaching of Hebrew.
The Mystical Element in Judaism
An alternative to Gershom Scholem's view of Kabbalah by one of the greatest Jewish thinkers; a succinct yet much revealing introduction to Jewish mysticism.
There is a glamour and mystery about the Feast of Lights. Miss Solis-Cohen takes up the challenge of Hanukkah to the modern Jew and tries to explain it. The book will appeal to adults and to children, to those who seek knowledge on the holiday's origin and history.
Tosefta Ki-Fshutah v. 5
Louis Ginzberg: Keeper of the Law
First published in 1966, Louis Ginzberg: Keeper of the Law is an unusual biography. It was written by a son about his father, by an interpreter of economics about an interpreter of rabbinics. It is done with obvious charm, with deep affection for the subject, and yet with surprising objectivity.
Matters of Life and Death
Incredible medical breakthroughs of today, like genetic engineering, in-vitro fertilization, and cloning, as well as the ability and choice to prolong life force us as Jews and human beings to struggle with the dilemmas posed by modern medicine. How does one decide which treatments to accept as appropriate and which not? Jewish law and ethics, as Dr. Elliot Dorff points out, which stem from the ancient teachings of the Talmud, do not directly address these modern issues, but the Jewish tradition
THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN
Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Book of Samuel
Electronic edition of one of the most influential books ever written about the Bible; S.R. Driver's meticulously detailed reconstruction and analysis of Samuel has remained vital for over a century.


The Department of Intercollegiate Athletics consists of more than 275 staff members and coaches and sponsors 30 varsity sports programs. These 30 programs include more than 850 student-athletes who participate in the various sports programs annually within the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). We are currently seeking a Director of Development, Major Gifts.
This position is responsible for helping to meet the fundraising objectives of the Department of Intercollegiate Athletics and ensuring that predetermined fundraising goals with regard to major gifts are met. Under the supervision of the Sr. Associate Athletics Director, Development this position is responsible for the identification, cultivation, solicitation, and stewardship of major gift-level prospective donors.
The Director of Development, Major Gifts has responsibility for developing and managing the Athletic Department's relationships with its valued supporters and must ensure these relationships are nurtured and maintained for the benefit of the department over time. The employee will be assigned a specific portfolio based on department objectives and made up of donors and prospects that have the potential to give at the major gift level.
Identify and manage a portfolio of at least 100 major gift prospects, focusing on prospects rated at $100,000 and above.
Cultivate, solicit and steward major gift prospects and donors.
Identify and evaluate potential donors; design and implement prospect cultivation and solicitation strategies.
Ensure that predetermined fundraising goals and metrics met.
Apply knowledge and understanding of the University of California, Berkeley and Intercollegiate Athletics, its traditions, programs, campus issues, needs, and priorities to the development process. Persuasively discuss athletic programs, needs and priorities with prospective donors and volunteers.
Draft/write proposals for solicitation of individual, corporate, and/or foundation prospects.
Independently manage collaborative working relationships with fundraising colleagues in University Development and Alumni Relations and campus schools and units to develop strategies for joint solicitation and to negotiate differences.
Assist with the structuring and development of Intercollegiate Athletics fundraising efforts, including the development of new fundraising strategies, new ways to structure gifts and new fundraising marketing materials.
Facilitate communication between administrators, coaches, donors, prospects and volunteers, as appropriate.
May attend functions, meetings and serve on internal/external committees as a representative of the campus.
Advanced knowledge and experience identifying, cultivating, directly soliciting and closing major gifts in a University setting.
Excellent written and interpersonal communication skills to establish and maintain good working relationships throughout the campus and with external constituencies.
Skill to meet or exceed fundraising goals and objectives.
Ability to oversee multiple projects and quickly discern complex and competing interests.
Ability to work across multiple databases and CRM systems.
Ability to travel and attend weekend and evening events.
Bachelor's Degree or equivalent training/experience.
Understanding of the unique nature of athletics fund raising.
Working knowledge of the institution, its mission, vision, goals, achievements, policies, and infrastructure preferred.
Understanding of tax guidelines governing charitable giving.
Knowledge and understanding of applicable NCAA and Pac-12 Conference rules and regulations.


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RIA has transformed into the Association for Advancing Automation, the leading global automation trade association of the robotics, machine vision, motion control, and industrial AI industries.
New USB3 Vision™ Standard Available for Download
(Ann Arbor, Michigan USA) The AIA, the global vision and imaging industry's trade association has released the new USB3 Vision™ camera interface standard and it is now available for free download on the AIA website. This easy-to-use standard is based on the prevalent USB 3.0 consumer hardware that the world is already comfortable with. Vision component manufacturers have embraced the standard and are expected to widely adopt it; many components are already selling today.
Based on the USB 3.0 interface (SuperSpeed USB), USB3 Vision was developed specifically for the global vision and imaging market and takes advantage of the USB 3.0 ports that will soon be standard on most PCs. It offers bandwidth of 350 MB/s which satisfies a very broad spectrum of vision and imaging application needs. USB3 Vision, like GigE Vision, does not require a frame grabber. The standard covers four basic operations: device discovery; device control; event handling; and streaming data. A device can optionally support device functionality with USB 2.0. Both power and data are transmitted over the same cable with possible cable lengths of five meters over passive cables and 10 meters or more using active cables. The standard defines the mechanics of screw locks on the micro-USB 3.0 connector. The standard will give users plug and play capability using components from different manufacturers.
The USB3 Vision standard is hosted by the AIA, the global trade association for the vision and imaging industry. As part of AIA's commitment to help increase the understanding and use of vision standards, they make the standard specification document available for free download on their website (see the "vision standards" section). Licenses are required for commercial use of the standard, but those who are integrating USB3 Vision products may want to have the standard document as a reference. Many industry leading manufacturers have already licensed the standard and have or will have vision products for sale, they include: Allied Vision Technologies, Alysium Tech, Basler, Baumer, Icron Technologies, IDS Imaging Development Systems, JAI, Matrix, Matrox, National Instruments, Pleora Technologies, Point Grey Research, Stemmer Imaging, Toshiba Teli, and Ximea.
For information about USB3 Vision visit www.VisionOnline.org/standards or contact Bob McCurrach at AIA (+1 734-994-6088).
Founded in 1984 to advance the understanding and use of imaging and vision technologies and to drive global expansion and growth through education and promotion, AIA now represents over 320 vision suppliers, system integrators, users, researchers, and consulting firms from 32 countries. AIA is known for vision and imaging standards such as GigE Vision®, Camera Link®, Camera Link HS™ and USB3 Vision™; The Vision Show (April 15-17, 2014 in Boston, Massachusetts USA); the Automate Show (next held in March 2015 in Chicago, Illinois USA); the annual AIA Business Conference (February 20-22, 2013 in Orlando Florida USA); the annual AIA Networking Reception at VISION in Stuttgart, Germany; the Certified Vision Professional program; the AIA Certified System Integrator company program; and Vision Online , the world's leading online resource for vision information.
For more information on AIA, visit www.VisionOnline.org or contact AIA Headquarters at + 1 734 994-6088.


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Q: Auto Logout with AJAX on Wordpress Wordpress is being used on a site I'm helping out on where we're trying to get some accurate statistics from the users logged in on the site.  Specifically, we want time they are active and we want to automatically log them out when they're inactive.
I've seen several plugins that do auto-logout type things, but they only check on page load due to the nature of the PHP plugins being server side.
We need some client-side solution that logs them out when idle (potentially giving them a pop up to click so that they don't get logged out).
I've seen some topics on this here:
php ajax auto logout with timer
How can I detect with JavaScript/jQuery if the user is currently active on the page?
But I'm not sure how I can apply this to every page on the wordpress site short of just editing the source.  That's possible of course, but I don't think that's the right solution.
So, I think I can handle the code to detect user activity, the topics I linked help with that.  I'm not sure about actually logging out the user from the site.  I'm not super familiar with jQuery and AJAX solutions, throwing Wordpress into the mix doesn't help much either.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Her new every day dress. This heavier weight jersey fabric is perfect for those cooling temps. Made of organic cotton and lyocell, this dress will feel extra soft, more durable, and safe for her skin. Color-block detail makes this classic silhouette modern and fresh.


What are some of the ways that I can volunteer at Middleton?
Classroom activities: reading groups, field trips, parties, art projects, etc.
Facilitate Clubs : Mileage Club, Chess Club, Passport Club, etc.
Coordinate Fundraisers: Popcorn Fridays, Box Tops for Education, Fun Run, etc.
Annual Events: Carnival, Horseshoe Hop, Career Day, etc.
Have questions about a specific event? We have listed coordinators for every event here; feel free to reach out to them any time!
For the safety of your child, every person who volunteers at Middleton is required to complete an annual background check. Please note that it takes about one week to process a background check form, so if you'd like to volunteer for a field trip or special event, please plan accordingly. Once your background check has been completed, your name tag will be made available in the front office and you are ready to volunteer!
Beginning in July, volunteers may submit an online background check form for the upcoming school year.
If you would like to volunteer in your child's classroom, simply communicate directly with your child's teacher.
You can indicate your areas of interest using the HelpCounter website after your annual background check has been received and processed by the school district.
Many volunteer opportunities are advertised on our Facebook page or in the Middleton Weekly email sent out each Friday by the front office. Contact the front office at (503) 825-5300 if you would like to be added to the Middleton Weekly Email recipient list.
Find volunteer opportunities on Helpcounter and our Facebook page!


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Home » The Canadian Press » U.S. Working on Plan to Lend Doses of AstraZeneca Vaccine to Canada, Mexico
U.S. Working on Plan to Lend Doses of AstraZeneca Vaccine to Canada, Mexico
March 19, 2021 7:00 AM | The Canadian Press
By Lauren Krugel, The Canadian Press
A health worker holds up a dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine against COVID-19 to be administered to members of the Italian Army at a vaccination center set up at the military barracks of Cecchignola, in Rome, Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2020. (Cecilia Fabiano/LaPresse via AP)
Canada's procurement minister says a deal is close to receive Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine doses from the U.S., while the military commander in charge of the rollout here says all adults who wish could be able to get their first shot by July 1.
"After numerous discussions with the Biden administration, Canada is in the process of finalizing an exchange agreement to receive 1.5 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine from the U.S.," Anita Anand said on Twitter on Thursday.
"We look forward to providing an update to Canadians once the details are finalized."
White House press secretary Jen Psaki said earlier that another 2.5 million doses would go to Mexico, but the details were still being worked out.
The United States currently has seven million "releasable" doses of the vaccine, which has yet to receive approval from its Food and Drug Administration, she said.
The loan would be in lieu of a future exchange of doses from Canada and Mexico, Psaki said — either of the AstraZeneca vaccine or a different one.
"God Bless America. They're coming to our rescue," Ontario Premier Doug Ford told a news conference in Hamilton.
"I'll drive down there in my pickup and pick 'em up if we have to."
U.S. President Joe Biden did not address the vaccine exchange when he updated Americans on that country's vaccination progress.
He said the U.S. will have administered 100 million shots by Friday and that the country is on track to have enough vaccine supply to inoculate all adult Americans by the end of May.
Last week, Canadian provinces began administering 500,000 doses of the version of the AstraZeneca vaccine produced at the Serum Institute of India.
The federal government has purchased 20 million doses directly from AstraZeneca, but did not have a timeline for when they would arrive.
Regulators in Europe and the United Kingdom have concluded the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine outweigh the risks, but both are still studying whether the shot had any link to a small number of rare brain blood clots.
Earlier Thursday, Maj.-Gen. Dany Fortin, who is overseeing Canada's vaccine program logistics, said provinces should have enough doses by the end of the next quarter for everyone who wants to be vaccinated.
But he later clarified that depends on provinces continuing to delay second doses up to four months so that more people can get their first shot sooner, as well as supplies coming in as planned.
"While there is no indications of disruptions or fluctuations in the production, it is a pandemic with global demand on vaccines that are produced as rapidly as possible," Fortin said in Ottawa.
"We are always subject to fluctuations in the production and the challenges of a complicated supply chain across the world and into this country."
Although initial deliveries from Johnson & Johnson and shipments directly from AstraZeneca are still in limbo, there is more than enough from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine made in India to pass the one-dose-per-person target by the end of June.
Procurement numbers show there are 36.5 million doses confirmed to be shipped by June 30. Only people over the age of 16 can currently be vaccinated and about 31 million Canadians are in that age group.
Ottawa still says Canadians will be fully vaccinated by the end of September.
Canada's deputy chief public health officer Dr. Howard Njoo said almost seven per cent of Canadians have now received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, and 1.6 per cent have received two doses. The vast majority of doses given in the past two weeks have been first shots.
British Columbia announced Thursday that it would use its expected doses of AstraZeneca on 300,000 front-line workers, including police, teachers, grocery store workers and child-care workers.
Premier John Horgan said immunizing these workers will make the province safer.
Also Thursday, the premiers of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador said the Atlantic travel bubble will be restored by April 19. That means residents of the region will be able to travel within Atlantic Canada without having to isolate for 14 days.
Travel between the four provinces has been restricted since the end of November, following a number of COVID-19 outbreaks.
Meanwhile, Ontario, which is tightening restrictions in Ottawa amid "concerning trends", reported 1,553 new COVID-19 infections and 15 more deaths.
Quebec has surpassed 300,000 COVID-19 infections with the 702 new cases reported Thursday. The province also added seven more deaths in its latest update.
In Alberta, Premier Jason Kenney said COVID-19 data looked promising as his cabinet committee prepares next week to decide whether restrictions could be further eased.
— with files from Mia Rabson in Ottawa, James McCarten in Washington and Shawn Jeffords in Toronto.
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Tags: Canada | Coronavirus | Health | United States


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22nd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Flexible Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Analysis (3)
Time-Varying Systems and Structures (2)
11th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems (1)
14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Nonlinear Vibrations (1)
14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Vibration of Rotating Systems (1)
Nonlinear differential equations (41)
Equations of motion (13)
Differential equations (9)
Excitation (8)
Dynamic response (7)
Oscillations (7)
Bifurcation (6)
Nonlinear differential equations
Modeling, Simulation, and Modal Analysis Hydraulic Valve Lifter With Oil Compressibility Effects
T. Hatch, A. P. Pisano
Proc. ASME. DETC89, 15th Design Automation Conference: Volume 3 — Mechanical Systems Analysis, Design and Simulation, 271-279, September 17–21, 1989
A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF), analytical model of a hydraulic valve lifter is derived. Special features of the model include the effects of bulk oil compressibility, multi-mode behavior due to plunger check valve modeling, and provision for the inclusion of third and fourth body displacements to aid In the use of the model in extended, multi-DOF systems. It is shown that motion of the lifter plunger and body must satisfy a coupled system of third-order, non-linear differential equations of motion. It is also shown that the special cases of zero oil compressibility and/or 1-DOF motion of lifter plunger can be obtained from the general third-order equations. For the case of zero oil compressibility, using Newtonian fluid assumptions, the equations of motion are shown to reduce to a system of second-order, linear differential equations. The differential equations are numerically integrated in five scenarios designed to test various aspects of the model. A modal analysis of the 2-DOF, compressible model with an external contact spring is performed and is shown to be in excellent agreement with simulation results.
Topics: Compressibility, Modal analysis, Modeling, Simulation, Valve lifters, Differential equations, Equations of motion, Fluids, Nonlinear differential equations, Simulation results
Non-Newtonian Flow Over a Wedge With Injection or Suction
Vijay K. Garg
Proc. ASME. CIE91, ASME 1991 Computers in Engineering Conference: Volume 1 — Artificial Intelligence; Expert Systems; CAD/CAM/CAE; Computational Fluid/Thermal Engineering, 585-588, August 18–22, 1991
Paper No: CIE1991-0072
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/CIE1991-0072
A pseudo-similarity solution is obtained for the flow of an incompressible fluid of second grade past a wedge with suction or blowing at the surface. The non-linear differential equation is solved using quasi-linearization and orthonormalization. The numerical method developed for this purpose enables computation of the flow characteristics for any value of the parameters K , a , and b , where K is the dimensionless normal stress modulus of the fluid, a is related to the wedge angle, and b is the suction or blowing parameter. A significant effect of suction or blowing on the wall shear stress is observed. The present results match exactly with those from an earlier perturbation analysis for Kx 2 a ≤ 0.01 but differ significantly as Kx 2 a increases.
Topics: Non-Newtonian flow, Suction, Wedges, Flow (Dynamics), Computation, Fluids, Incompressible fluids, Nonlinear differential equations, Numerical analysis, Shear stress
A Sequential Implicit-Explicit Integration Method in Solving Nonlinear Differential Equations From Flexible System Modeling
Jiechi Xu, Joseph R. Baumgarten
Proc. ASME. DETC92, 22nd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Flexible Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Analysis, 561-566, September 13–16, 1992
The dynamic equations of motion obtained in the modeling of flexible structural systems with unknown rigid body gross motion are often highly nonlinear and possess time-varying coefficient matrices. The inherent characters of nonlinear large overall rigid body motion and linear small vibration are also involved in the system equations. Neither the implicit nor the explicit algorithm seems optimally suited and efficient by itself in dealing with these kinds of equations. This paper, therefore, presents a sequential implicit-explicit method in which it is attempted to achieve the attributes of both classes of algorithms. The equation system expressed in matrix form is first mapped to a subsystem in which the specified generalized coordinates are eliminated. The subsystem is then partitioned into two sets of coupled equations. One set of equations, describing the elastic motion, is linear with respect to the elastic generalized coordinates and is integrated implicitly. The other set of equations, governing the rigid body motion, contains the highly nonlinear coupling terms and is integrated explicitly with the back substitutions of the elastic kinematic properties already calculated in solving the first set of equations. A Newmark algorithm is employed to integrate the second order system of differential equations directly. A predictor-corrector scheme also coming from the Newmark algorithm is applied to the explicit integration. The procedures developed in the current paper are applied to simulating dynamic response of a complicated flexible system with mutually dependent rigid body unconstrained spherical motion and small elastic deformation.
Topics: Flexible systems, Modeling, Nonlinear differential equations, Algorithms, Rigid-body mechanisms, Deformation, Differential equations, Dynamic response, Equations of motion, Kinematics
Dynamic Characteristics for a Planar Two-Link Flexible Multibody System Including the Gravity Effects
G. J. Wiens, H. Tsai
This paper addresses modeling issues that arise in the formulation of the equations of motion for the flexible multibody mechanical systems intended for space applications and designed according to ground test results. A planar multibody system consisting of two flexible links interconnected by two revolute joints and a payload at its free end is proposed for the investigations. In addition to the gravity and transverse deflections (most common two conditions adopted for the research in this field), the foreshortening effects, the axial deflections and the work done by the system's own weight on the elastic deflections are also taken into consideration. Since the slender link assumption is made, the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory is considered sufficient and satisfactory for describing the behavior of the deformed link components. The Lagrangian formulation in conjunction with assumed displacement field method is then implemented to develop the equations of motion for the system. After achieving the analytical model for the system, a linearization about various system configurations transforms the fully coupled nonlinear differential equations into standard eigenvalue problems. In doing so, the roles played by gravity, foreshortening and system's own weight ('weight-load') on the dynamic behavior of the system undergoing ground testing are examined. For analysis, the fundamental frequency of the system is chosen as a measurement index. Finally, parametric studies focusing on the mass properties of payload, lower and upper links, and actuators are undertaken to address the stability problems. Results indicate that the 'weight-load' exhibits interesting effects on the 'foreshortening and stability', hence, merits further investigation.
Topics: Gravity (Force), Multibody systems, Deflection, Weight (Mass), Equations of motion, Actuators, Displacement, Eigenvalues, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Modeling
Periodic Response and Stability of Flexible Rod Slider Crank Mechanism
Shyr Wen Lee, David G. Beale
Periodic steady state solutions are generated from the nonlinear differential equation of an Euler-Bernoulli beam rod, constant speed crank, slider crank mechanism. The system is approximated by a single ordinary differential equation. To facilitate Harmonic Balance, the response and difficult nonlinear and linear portions of the ODE are expanded into two separate Fourier Series. Harmonic Balance/Fast Fourier Transform method is utilized to determine the harmonic content of each Fourier Series and generate periodic solutions which compared favorably with Runge-Kutta numerical integration. Stability of periodic solutions was examined using the monodromy matrix method. Nondimensional amplitude versus nondimensional crank speed was plotted to examine the effect on dynamic response of external force, piston mass, and crank length. Jump and period doubling bifurcations and regions of amplified response were found.
Topics: Stability, Fourier series, Bifurcation, Differential equations, Dynamic response, Fast Fourier transforms, Nonlinear differential equations, Pistons, Steady state
Forced Vibrations of an Elastic Plate Interacting With a Layer of Granular Material
Y. Obodan
Proc. ASME. DETC93, 14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Nonlinear Vibrations, 229-237, September 19–22, 1993
A variable-structure system, consisting of a thin horizontal elastic plate, loaded by a heavy layer of granular material is considered. The system is excited by prescribed vertical vibrations of the plate boundaries. An essentially nonlinear vibrational rheological model with unilateral constraints is proposed for simulation of the layer behavior. During the coupled motion stages the layer dynamic response on the interface between plate and granular layer is described by the Volterra integro-operator relationship with nonlinear isochronic force-displacement characteristic. The governing set of equations includes the plate dynamics differential equation, an integro-differential equation of the layer dynamics, and also appropriate boundary and initial conditions. Due to utilization of the Galerkin method and Kroosh approximation, the initial set is reduced to the set of nonlinear differential equations. The latter is integrated numerically. Model identification is carried out by the computer processing of the experimental bending strain histories. Influence of the excitation parameters, height of the layer, and damping on the bending strains is analyzed. Adequate simulation of the layer behavior for one-period modes is achieved with regard to the motion periodicity, the values of the strain peaks, the critical time points and the duration of the main time stages. Analysis of numerical phase trajectories and Poincaré sections predicts transition to stochastic vibration modes and the existence of stable two-period limit cycles, when the maximum forcing acceleration is increased above 3 g .
Topics: Elastic plates, Granular materials, Vibration, Dynamics (Mechanics), Simulation, Approximation, Computers, Damping, Differential equations, Displacement
Input Sensitive Dynamic Resistor of a Rotating System
B. K. Lee
Proc. ASME. DETC93, 14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Vibration of Rotating Systems, 43-46, September 19–22, 1993
This paper presents the dynamic response and analysis of a dynamic resistor in a rotating system which is sensitive to the vibration of the rotating system. The sensitivity of the dynamic resistor is adjusted in order to stabilize the rotating system when acted upon by various excitation input functions. The equations of motion of the dynamic resistor and the rotating system, derived by the use of the energy method, result in coupled nonlinear differential equations, and the response of the dynamic resistor is highly correlated to the vibration of the rotating system. In this paper, the derivation of equations of motion of the dynamic resistor and the rotating system and their dynamic responses are analyzed in order to determine the optimal design parameters that provide stability for the rotating system when it is excited by external input forcing functions. The dynamic response is obtained both by experimental data and computer simulation. The experimental data indicate that the sensitivity of the dynamic resistor is related to the vibrating response of the rotating system and the rotational system parameters including the natural frequency. The dynamic response obtained by computer simulation is compared with the experimental data. The computer simulation results are to be used to determine the optimal values of the parameters of the dynamic resistor with respect to the rotating system. The uniqueness of this system is that the dynamic resistor is completely isolated from other inputs except the rotational vibration of the rotating system. The conclusions include recommendations and areas for future research.
Topics: Resistors, Dynamic response, Computer simulation, Vibration, Equations of motion, Design, Excitation, Nonlinear differential equations, Stability
An Efficient Technique for Computing the Sensitivities of Reciprocating Engine Dynamics to Dimensional Tolerances
A. Sinha, B. J. Gilmore, V. Kohli
Proc. ASME. DETC93, 19th Design Automation Conference: Volume 1 — Mechanical System Dynamics; Concurrent and Robust Design; Design for Assembly and Manufacture; Genetic Algorithms in Design and Structural Optimization, 349-357, September 19–22, 1993
An efficient method has been developed to determine the steady state response of an internal combustion engine, which is governed by a nonlinear differential equation with discontinuous forcing function due to the nature of the pressure-volume (P-V) diagram. Unlike previously reported methods for dynamically driven mechanical systems, this approach can accurately and efficiently predict the sensitivities of an engine's output to dimensional tolerances. Hence, this technique is well suited for the development of an optimal tolerance allocation scheme based on nonlinear programming. The validity of this method which is based on the alternating frequency/time (AFT) domain technique has been established by comparison with results from numerical integration of differential equation of motion. This method directly yields the mean crank speed and Fourier coefficients of temporal variations in engine's outputs such as crank's speed and the driving torque.
Topics: Differential equations, Dynamics (Mechanics), Internal combustion engines, Nonlinear differential equations, Nonlinear programming, Piston engines, Pressure, Steady state, Torque
Modeling of a Hydraulic Lash Adjuster With Experimental Identification in Oil Refill Mechanism
Wensyang Hsu, Albert P. Pisano
Proc. ASME. DETC94, 20th Design Automation Conference: Volume 1 — Dynamic Mechanical Systems; Geometric Modeling and Features; Concurrent Engineering, 475-485, September 11–14, 1994
Hydraulic lash adjusters can eliminate clearance between components in the automotive valve trains. A two-mode dynamic model for the adjuster is derived by including check valve motions at two operating modes. The oil refill mechanism controlled by the check valve is experimentally identified. The oil compressibility in the oil chamber and the oil leakage through the annular gap between the plunger and the body are also considered. It is shown that motion of the adjuster plunger must satisfy a third-order, non-linear differential equation of motion. The differential equation is numerically integrated, and the experimental data in leak-down test provided by the manufacturer is shown to be in good agreement with the model. The annular gap is found to be the key factor in controlling leak-down speed, and the effective orifice diameter is shown to be the key factor in describing the pump-up phenomenon. It is also found that one percent air entrainment in the oil chamber of the adjuster seriously compromises overall adjuster rigidity and reduces the natural frequency of the adjuster almost 50 percent.
Topics: Air entrainment, Clearances (Engineering), Compressibility, Differential equations, Dynamic models, Leakage, Modeling, Nonlinear differential equations, Pumps, Stiffness
Vibration Response and Parametric Instability in Beams With Combined Quadratic and Cubic Material Nonlinearities
David Chelidze, Kambiz Farhang, Tyler J. Selstad
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3A: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Vibration of Nonlinear, Random, and Time-Varying Systems, 31-42, September 17–20, 1995
Parametric stability in beams with combined quadratic and cubic material nonlinearities is examined. A general mathematical model is developed for parametrically excited beams accounting for their nonlinear material characteristic. Second- and forth-order nonlinear differential equations are found to govern the axial and transverse motions, respectively. Expansions for displacements are assumed in terms of the linear undamped free-oscillation modes. Boundary conditions are applied to the expansions for displacements to determine the mode shapes. Multiplying the equations of motion by the corresponding shape functions, accounting for their orthogonal properties, and integrating over the beam length, a set of coupled nonlinear differential equations in the time-dependent modal coefficients is obtained. Utilizing the method of multiple scales, frequency response as well as response versus excitation amplitude are obtained for two beams of different cross sectional areas. Results are presented for three boundary conditions. It is found that, qualitatively, the response is similar for all the boundary conditions. Quantitative comparison of the cases considered indicate that the highest response amplitude occurs for the cantilever beam with the end mass. The bifurcation points for simply supported beam occur at lower excitation parameter value. It is apparent that more slender columns have larger response amplitude.
Topics: Accounting, Bifurcation, Boundary-value problems, Cantilever beams, Equations of motion, Excitation, Frequency response, Mode shapes, Nonlinear differential equations, Oscillations
Combined-Mode Parametric Oscillations in Mechanical Systems
Chikara Sato
Parametric oscillations formulated by linear or nonlinear differential equations of order two are often encountered in the textbooks on the theory of nonlinear oscillations. Mathieu equation or its modified nonlinear version are seen in many papers as the typical examples. Parametric oscillations of the higher order than two, however, are less investigated, and the fundamental form is little known, especially the knowledge on the engineering viewpoint is little published in relation with mechanical or physical models. This paper deals with the parametirc oscillations governed by periodic differential equations with the higher order than two, presenting the fundamental mathematical form with many physical, mechanical, and electrical examples. General nonlinear systems with parametric excitation are not easy to treat with, because they have many characters depending on the specific forms of the systems. In this paper we confine systems which have three conditions, first excitation frequency region is limited, second symmetry condition or reciprocity is kept, third no energy condition of nonlinear functions. These conditions are partly mathematical and partly physical. In order to treat with parametric oscillation we think that the causes of oscillations are only parametric instability. Without parametric excitation no significant oscillations are assumed to exist.
Topics: Oscillations, Excitation, Differential equations, Nonlinear differential equations, Nonlinear systems
Prediction of Periodic Response of Rotor Dynamic Systems With Nonlinear Supports
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3B: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Acoustics, Vibrations, and Rotating Machines, 1055-1062, September 17–20, 1995
A numerical-analytical method for estimating steady-state periodic behavior of nonlinear rotordynamic systems is presented. Based on a finite element formulation in the time domain, this method transforms the nonlinear differential equations governing the motion of large rotor dynamic systems with nonlinear supports into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown temporal nodal displacements. A procedure is proposed to reduce the resulting problem to solving nonlinear algebraic equations in terms of the coordinates associated with the nonlinear supports only. The result is a simple and efficient approach for predicting all possible fundamental and sub-harmonic responses. Stability of the periodic response is readily determined by a direct use of Floquet's theory. The feasibility and advantages of the proposed method are illustrated with two examples of rotor-bearing systems of deadband supports and squeeze film dampers, respectively.
Topics: Dynamic systems, Rotors, Algebra, Bearings, Dampers, Finite element analysis, Nonlinear differential equations, Stability, Steady state
Nonlinear Analysis of a Dynamically Balanced Cryorefrigerator
Constantinos Minas
Proc. ASME. DETC95, Volume 3A: 15th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise — Vibration of Nonlinear, Random, and Time-Varying Systems, 765-771, September 17–20, 1995
A nonlinear model describing the dynamic, fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of a dynamically balanced Gifford-McMahon (G-M) cryorefrigerator was developed. The cryorefrigerator consists of two horizontally opposed first- and second-stage displacers, a first- and a second-stage thermal regenerator, and a rotary valve that cycles the compressor supply gas pressure. The model accurately describes the motion of the displacers and the refrigeration produced at the two stages of the cold head. The analytical model consists of a set of twelve first order nonlinear differential equations. The numerical solution of the system is presented in the form of pressure histories in each chamber, position and velocity histories of each displacer, and P-V diagrams of the two stages of the cold head. The performance of the cryorefrigerator is calculated under various conditions. It is clearly shown that the device can achieve non-impacting displacer motion with sufficient cooling capacities of the two stages. This non-impacting operation creates a very low vibration device, which is valuable in applications where low vibration is required, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. It was also shown that the cooling capacity of the device can be optimized over the operating frequency.
Topics: Compressors, Cooling, Cycles, Fluid dynamics, Magnetic resonance imaging, Nonlinear differential equations, Pressure, Refrigeration, Thermodynamics, Valves
Dynamic Response of Multi-Cylinder Engines As Spatial Elastic Linkage Systems
Cemil Bagci, Siva K. Rajavenkateswaran
Proc. ASME. DETC-CIE96, Volume 2A: 24th Biennial Mechanisms Conference, V02AT02A052, August 18–22, 1996
Paper No: 96-DETC/MECH-1183
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/96-DETC/MECH-1183
Dynamics of multi-cylinder engines have been performed by the conventional methods using lumped pure torsional systems. This article offers a finite element method of performing elastodynamic analysis of multi-cylinder engines considering them as spatial linkage systems with true spatial geometries of the crankshaft and the linkage loops. An engine can have any number of cylinders with linear offsets and angular orientations relative to each other. A three-dimensional finite-line element with isoparametric joint irregularity freedoms is developed and used. Consistent or lumped mass systems can be used. Elastodynamics of engines is considered in two forms: (a) kinetoelastostatics (KES) where all forces and torques acting on the system are considered except the vibratory motion effect; (b) kinetoelastodynamics (KED) where the forced and damped equations of motion of the system are solved. Matrix exponential method of solving equations of KED motions are presented and used. It is proven to be a very efficient and stable technique for the solutions of large systems of linear and nonlinear differential equations of any order. After solving for the generalized coordinates, time histories of the neutral coordinate displacements, forces, moments, stresses, bearing forces, and generated torque are determined for as many work cycles as desired. A generalized computer program performing KED and KES studies of any multi-cylinder engine is made available for industrial use. KED and KES analyses of a four-cylinder automobile engine are performed.
Topics: Cylinders, Dynamic response, Engines, Linkages, Automotive engines, Bearings, Computer software, Cycles, Dynamics (Mechanics), Elastodynamics
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Nonlinear Autoparametric System
Alain Berlioz, Régis Dufour, Subhash C. Sinha
Proc. ASME. DETC97, Volume 1C: 16th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, V01CT12A025, September 14–17, 1997
Experimental and numerical investigations are carried out on an autoparametric system consisting of a composite pendulum attached to a harmonically base excited mass-spring subsystem. The dynamic behavior of such a mechanical system is governed by a set of coupled nonlinear equations with periodic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the dynamic behavior of the pendulum. The instability threshold of the pendulum is determined from the semi-trivial solution of the linearized equations. The set of nonlinear differential equations is then integrated with respect to time using step-by-step methods. The developed experimental setup makes it possible to analyze the angular displacement of the pendulum using an opto-electronic sensor. The motion of the pendulum is numerically analyzed via phase-plane portraits and Poincaré maps. A subcritical bifurcation is plotted and chaos is observed. The predicted results are experimentally validated.
Topics: Bifurcation, Chaos, Composite materials, Displacement, Nonlinear differential equations, Nonlinear equations, Pendulums, Poincaré maps, Sensors, Springs
Modified Methods for Dynamic Modelling of Robot Manipulators
Mohamed M. Sallam, Roshdy F. Abo-Shanab, Abo-Bakr A. Nassr
Proc. ASME. DETC98, Volume 1A: 25th Biennial Mechanisms Conference, V01AT01A088, September 13–16, 1998
Paper No: DETC98/MECH-5860
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC98/MECH-5860
Control analysis and design for robot manipulators require the knowledge of their dynamic model. In the first part of this paper, the Lagrange-Euler (L-E) formulaion has been developed to separate the generalized forces/torques due to rotational motion from that due to the translational motion. Therefore a new form for the dynamic equations of the robot manipulators has been obtained. In the second part, the generalized d'Alembert (GD) method has been used to develop the equations of motion for robot manipulators with revolute and/or prismatic joints. Also, the rotational effect and the translational effect in the new form of the GD method are separated. The develpoed equations, by both methods, when applied to robot manipulators result in an efficient and explicit set of closed form second order nonlinear differential equations. They give fairly well structured equations of motion suitable for control analysis and manipulator design. Using the proposed models, the rotational effects and translational effects have been studied separately and a simplified model has been obtained, a computational algorithm has been established and a computer software has been developed to perform the necessary calculations to obtain the generalized force required for each joint to follow any pre-specified trajectory. As an application of the proposed methods, a simplified model for a Stanford manipulator has been obtained and it is found that the results of the normal and the simplified models are very close and the simplified model can be accepted even with end-effector load variation and with different trajectories. The simplified model has the advantage of less computational time which is more appropriate for control purposes. Also, the results obtained by the developed L-E and GD methods are the same.
Topics: Dynamic modeling, Manipulators, Equations of motion, Algorithms, Computer software, Design, Dynamic models, End effectors, Manipulator design, Nonlinear differential equations
Application of Finite Element Method in Time Domain to a Rotor System With Nonlinear Supports
Liguo Wang, Wenhu Huang, Chao Hu
A new method for analyzing periodic response of rotor dynamic system with nonlinear supports is presented in this paper. Based on a finite element formulation in the time domain, this method transforms nonlinear differential equations governing the dynamic behavior of rotor-bearing system into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations that can be reduced and calculated by the characteristic set of Wu elimination method. The analytic solution of the nodal displacement has been obtained finally. According to this result the behavior of periodic response is analyzed. The feasibility and advantage of the proposed method are illustrated with an example of flexible Jeffcott rotor-bearing system with nonlinear supports.
Topics: Finite element methods, Rotors, Bearings, Algebra, Displacement, Dynamic systems, Finite element analysis, Nonlinear differential equations
Nonlinear Parametric Identification of Oscillating Cables Using Wavelets
Francesco Romeo, Vincenzo Gattulli, Francesco Benedettini
In the present study a wavelet-based procedure is applied for the parametric identification of a nonlinear discrete cable model on the basis of experimental data obtained from free-vibration dynamic tests. The 3D cable dynamics is described by two partial integro-differential equations in the transversal planar and nonplanar displacement components. By expanding such variables in series of linear eigenfunctions, a discrete model is obtained by applying a classical Galerkin procedure. The resulting set of nonlinear ODEs contains quadratic and cubic coupling terms. The core of the identification technique is the discretization of such nonlinear differential equations by means of orthogonal Daubechies scaling functions. The Wavelet-Galerkin solution of the nonlinear equation involving the scaling function expansion of nonlinear terms leads to an algebraic problem that has to be inverted in order to solve for the vector of unknown parameters. A sdof model able to describe the in-plane unimodal oscillations is considered. Numerical and experimental identification tests are presented. Accurate estimates of the linear and quadratic parameters are achieved from the moderate oscillation amplitude response of an experimental discrete cable-mass model. The accuracy of the cubic parameter estimate is shown to depend on the level of both the oscillation amplitude and noise.
Topics: Cables, Oscillations, Wavelets, Algebra, Cable dynamics, Displacement, Dynamic testing (Engineering), Eigenfunctions, Free vibrations, Noise (Sound)
Multistability and Bifurcation Topology in Electrostatically Coupled Nanobeams Under Parametric Resonance
Diala Bitar, Najib Kacem, Noureddine Bouhaddi
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2017, Volume 4: 22nd Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 11th International Conference on Micro- and Nanosystems, V004T09A007, August 6–9, 2017
The collective nonlinear dynamics of electrostatically coupled nanobeams under parametric excitation is modeled and investigated, while including the main sources of nonlinearities up to the fifth order. The normalized nonlinear differential equations are solved using secular perturbation theory. Numerical simulations have been performed using the Asymptotic Numerical Method for two and three coupled nanobeams. It is shown that, the fifth order nonlinearity leads to an increase in the number of multimodal solutions and their complexity in term of bifurcation topology. This model can be exploited to design arrays of NEMS with high performances for sensing applications.
Topics: Bifurcation, Resonance, Topology, Computer simulation, Design, Excitation, Nanoelectromechanical systems, Nonlinear differential equations, Nonlinear dynamics, Numerical analysis
Interaction of Higher Modes in Nonlinear Free Vibration of Stiffened Rectangular Plates
Saman Farhangdoust, Davood Younesian, Ebrahim Esmailzadeh
Proc. ASME. IDETC-CIE2017, Volume 8: 29th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, V008T12A043, August 6–9, 2017
Nonlinear free vibration analysis of stiffened plates is presented in this paper. The von Karman theory is employed to model the rectangular stiffened steel plate. The first two symmetric and asymmetric modes are taken into consideration and the coupled nonlinear differential equations of system are derived using the Galerkin approach. The Variational Iteration Method (VIM) is considered as the solution technique and an integral iterative formulation is presented to obtain the nonlinear natural frequencies. Subsequently a parametric sensitivity study is carried out and the effect of different initial amplitudes on the frequency responses is investigated.
Topics: Free vibrations, Plates (structures), Frequency response, Nonlinear differential equations, Steel


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