text:
Ultimate showdown »
Ultimate showdown
Patterson, James, 1947-
Middle school (James Patterson) volume 5.
Middle school volume 5
Belle Cooledge Children's Area
CHILDREN FICTION Patterson, J.
Martin Luther King, Jr. Children's Area
1 of 1 Belle Cooledge Children's Area CHILDREN FICTION Patterson, J.
0 of 1 Central Kids Place CHILDREN FICTION Patterson, J.
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1 of 1 Colusa Main Branch Juvenile Collection J Fic
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1 of 1 Grimes Branch Library Juvenile Collection J Fic
2014 First edition Little, Brown and Company 232 pages : illustrations ; 21 cm
Carmichael Children's Area
CD CHILDREN FICTION Patterson, J.
[2014] Hachette Audio 2 sound discs (approximately 2 hr.) : digital ; 4 3/4 in.
Opinionated siblings Rafe and Georgia Khatchadorian debate a variety of topics relating to the ups and downs of middle school life and encourage readers to add their own contributions through write-in games and activities.
Brothers and sisters -- Fiction
Brothers and sisters -- Juvenile fiction
Bergen, Julia,author
Longstreth, Alec,illustrator
Kennedy, Bryan,narrator
Morris, Cassandra,1982-narrator
a0a2f66d-8982-6ca3-4bb0-919c5665341d
Bergen, Julia
Kennedy, Bryan
Longstreth, Alec
Morris, Cassandra, 1982-
Belle Cooledge
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Middle school|5
Ultimate showdown / James Patterson and Julia Bergen
Ultimate showdown / James Patterson and Julia Bergen ; illustrated by Alec Longstreth


Battery Blog is owned and operated by Energy Storage Instruments Inc., covering current state of the art in battery news, views and education.
Battery Blog's editor in chief is Randy Smith, B.Sc. electrical engineering, and president of Energy Storage Instruments.
Energy Storage Instruments designs and manufactures battery analyzer, battery charger and battery tester equipment for all types of rechargeable batteries.
it would be nice if you could do a few more cycle tests of li-ion batteries to address some questions that repeatedly pop up on the internet but that are rarely if ever satisfactorily addressed.
Namely: how many full-discharge-cycle equivalents do you get if you cycle a li-ion battery at 50-0%, 75-25% and 100-50%? In other words, is fully charging (up to 4.20 V) worse for the battery than fully discarging it?
Can you please add RoseBatteries.com to your list of battery companies. RoseBatteries.com is experts in battery pack engineering.
The Amperis ASR battery charger / rectifier combines the connection of different devices. It is designed to supply DC to critical applications, where the charge must be harmonic distortion free, electrically isolated from the supply source and must be permanently energized.


September has really been the event month of the year, where we shared our knowledge and experiences on SAM and ITAM with end-users during various events in different countries. If you haven't seen us live in September, read here how you can still be able to take in this knowledge even though the month is over!
We hosted two successful and interesting breakfast meetings on the new ISO/IEC standard for SAM. At these meetings, we also introduced the new Softline Solutions' House of ITAM® (click here), based on that new ISO standard. If you are interested in learning more, you can ask for a websession here.
For the 4th year in a row we sponsored the SAMS Europe event in Berlin. Of course the new House of ITAM® featured in the presentation of our colleague Leo Meijer. As well as during the ICE breaker session of Softline Solutions' Thomas Reinoso where the event was kicked off with the use of some interesting statements to warm up the group. Interesting as well where the presentations of ABN AMRO, the Dutch Railways and the closing keynote of Neven Drljevic (Project leader for Software Asset Management) from the European Parliament.
On September 13th we were invited to share our expertise at a breakfast session organised by the Paphos Group. Where on the 14th we were invited by Flexera @ the Heineken Experience Center to show a large audience what the new ISO/IEC standard for ITAM encompasses, and how Software Asset Managers can benefit from these changes.
To round it all off, we hosted a webinar together with Flexera, on their Data Platform and how this could perfectly fit into an organisations' long term ITAM strategy. Check out the webinar recording here.
In the coming months we will keep on sharing our knowledge with you. We will host some interesting end-user only events, and we will again be joining other partner events. Are you interested to attend? Keep an eye on our Social Media channels. If you want to be sure that you receive invitations for all these events, follow our company page or sign up for our regular updates here.


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The Amazing $1 Microcontroller
Atmel tinyAVR 1-Series
Atmel megaAVR
Atmel SAM D10
Cypress PSoC 4000S
Freescale Kinetis KE04
Freescale Kinetis KL03
Holtek HT-66
Infineon XMC1100
Microchip PIC16
Microchip PIC32MM
Nuvoton N76
Nuvoton M051
NXP LPC811
Renesas RL-78
Sanyo LC87
Silicon Labs EFM8
ST STM8
ST STM32F0
STCmicro STC8
TI MSP430FR
RL-78
September 15, 2017 Microcontrollers 7
The Renesas RL78 is a 16-bit CISC architecture that is sort of a merger between the Renesas R8C and the NEC 78K architecture. It, along with Renesas, came into existence when Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and NEC combined their semiconductor businesses.
The Renesas line ranges in price from about $0.36 for the 10-pin R5F10Y14 to $8 for the R5F100PL parts with 100 pins, and half a megabyte of flash. Many of these devices are designed for power-sensitive consumer goods; LCD interfacing is featured prominently in the family, but I would have liked to see a bit more connectivity at the lower end of the range; as an example, it takes $2.80 to get a part with USB, and it's overspec'd for most USB device needs. They have fairly uniform clock speed across the family — only ranging from 20 to 32 MHz. However, with a three-stage pipeline, four banks of eight registers, 16×16 hardware multiplier and divider, and a fully-orthogonal instruction set, it's plenty fast for most workloads.
For this review, I'm using the R5F102A8. I'm not really sure I understand their naming scheme — this part is considered part of the RL-78/G12 family. Why is it not called something like RL78G12FA8? No clue.
The specs rundown for this part is:
24 MHz, 8 KB of flash, 2 KB of data flash, and 768 bytes of RAM
30-pin TSSOP package, with 26 I/O
Runs at 1.8 – 5.5V, with an internal core regulator
8 timers, plus a low-speed interval timer
8 channels of 10-bit ADC
3 multi-purpose serial array unit (SAU) channels, with a 4th dedicated I2C peripheral
6 External interrupts
Two-channel DMA
The RL78 has arrayed timer units and communications peripherals that makes understanding the capabilities of the system straightforward. I wish there weren't so many different I/O ports, though; it's clear that these chips were designed to be big — 80/100-pin packages, and have since been scaled down.
One thing I particularly enjoy about the RL-78 is that it's fairly easy to understand exactly what capabilities a particular MCU has, since the peripheral selection is arrayed nicely. All the timers are identical, and all the communications peripherals are identical. Compared to Microchip and 8051 MCUs, which have to maintain "classic" timers and communications peripherals for legacy reasons, it's refreshing to eliminate all of those gotchas.
The RL-78 has a confusing mess of GPIO ports — all with different supported drive configurations.
That's not to say this chip doesn't have gotchas, though. GPIO — of all things — is extremely nonuniform and confusing on this part. I understand that manufacturers put big dies in little packages, and have to figure out how to bond out the pads, but this is ridiculous. There's FOURTEEN different ports on this 30-pin chip — most of which only have one or two pins on them!
Worse yet, all these ports are different: some have configurable pull-ups, some don't; some have configurable TTL input mode, some don't; some have an open-drain output mode, some don't; some have analog functionality; some don't.
I suspect I will keep Table 4-5 handy when designing PCBs around this part.
Pin names, by the way, are simply concatenated bit numbers with their port; depending what you're doing, you'll interact with both full port values or specific pins. So if you see "P112" that's "Port 11, bit 2" and "P12" is "Port 12." Or is that Port 1, bit 2″? I'll get back to you.
I played a little bit with almost all the peripherals on this MCU, and — other than GPIO — they had few surprises.
The RL-78 part I tested has two Serial Array Units (SAUs), along with a third stand-alone IIC unit. The Serial Array Units are effectively collections of USARTs — configurable as either a UART, SPI, or I2c master transceiver. SAU0 has two of these USARTs, and SAU1 has one of them. Each of these three USARTs can operate in whichever mode you wish, giving you quite a bit of communications flexibility compared to other MCUs in this round-up.
There are two internal oscillators: a 24 MHz ±1% main oscillator, and a 15 kHz ±15% (yes, 15%) low-power oscillator that drives the watchdog timer and a dedicated, 12-bit interval timer, which allows you to build the world's shittiest clock, I suppose. The interval timer, being 12-bits @ 15 kHz, limits you to a 66 µs to 273 ms range. The main oscillator can be divided down to 1 MHz minimum operating frequency.
There are 8 identical timer units — each is a full, 16-bit timer with a separate reload register. A single timer unit can be used as an interval timer interrupt source, square wave output, an external event counter, a clock divider, an input pulse interval measure tool, or a delay counter. Two timer units can be ganged together to do one-shot pulse outputs and PWM. There's also a multi-PWM output mode that allows TU0 to drive as many other timer units as you wish, giving you up to 7 channels of PWM.
The RL-78 hardware user's manual is graphics-heavy and full of ancillary material that I wish had been in my embedded systems textbook. I also appreciate all the electrical specifications, packaging, and pinouts are reprinted in it, which means you don't have to keep the datasheet around for the part, too.
Speaking of timers, the timer documentation in the RL78 datasheet is some of the best I've ever read, and I was glad to see much of it made it into the code generator tool. They carefully explain — with illustrative graphics — all the different operations of the timer units, along with procedures for configuring different modes.
Overall, documentation was excellent. The RL-78 family has separate datasheets and reference manuals, but the reference manual (called the "User's Manual: Hardware") has reprints of all the data in the (much shorter) datasheet. There's a software user's manual, but I didn't need to look at it while developing — it's for people writing assembly, or researching the core.
By removing R55, R64, and R66, you can re-route the debugger connections to the off-board connector. You can still debug the on-board target by jumpering the appropriate wires on this header, as it will now have all the debugger and target signals on it.
Dev Boards & Debuggers
The official cheap programmer for the R78 is the E2 Emulator Lite (MPN: RTE0T0002LKCE00000R, because Renesas) but there's not a lot of suppliers for it, and it rings in at $60. Instead, I stumbled upon the YRPBRL78L1A board at DigiKey, which is a $25 dev board for the (much nicer) RL78/L1A. I figured there would be some option to do off-board debugging, as I saw a huge, unpopulated header in the pictures. When I got the board and started parsing the schematics, I realized that the off-board connector was so you could use an off-board emulator with the target on the board; not so that you could debug an off-board target with the on-board emulator. Luckily, several of the pins were unconnected, so I popped off some zero-ohm resistors and re-routed the debug connections to the connector.
With the launch of e2 studio, Renesas moves away from their old-school CubeSuite+ proprietary IDE, and joins the Eclipse club. While it has a few quirks, I found this tool to work as well as all the other Eclipse-based IDEs in this round-up.
Renesas is on the same train as nearly everyone else with e2 studio (their capitalization, not mine). On its way out is CubeSuite+ (CS+) — their proprietary, expensive IDE — replaced by a free IDE based on Eclipse Mars 2. They provide a custom toolchain editor supporting their CC-RL compiler (along with GCC), but most of their modifications relate to their code configurator and debugging environment.
I really enjoyed the timer documentation in the datasheet, and I was glad to see much of it made it into the code generator tool. Too many embedded programmers don't understand all the powerful functions of advanced timers, so this tool should help out a lot.
e2 studio has a built-in code-gen tool called (somewhat unceremoniously) Code Generator. This tool generates both initialization code, as well as some runtime peripheral driver code. In terms of overall GUI responsiveness, this one is pretty good. Because of the relatively simple clocking structure of this MCU, the code-gen tool can quickly determine timing without having to back-solve for different possible permutations. But Code Generator seemed to lag when switching between peripheral functions.
One small feature that I liked was that Code Generator obeyed the Eclipse Perspective buttons — when I click on Code Generator, it appears. When I click on C/C++, it vanishes, and all I see is my open text editors. Some vendors have code gen tools that don't seem to understand when they've overstayed their welcome; no matter which perspective you try, they stay open (I'm looking at you, Simplicity Studio!).
My main issue with the code generator tool is that it doesn't stand in for the datasheet as much as I'd like when working with timers. If I'm going to create some PWM channels, couldn't it generate some simple inline functions to set the duty cycle, so I don't have to remember the register names of these timer units?
The other gripe only comes into play when you work on bigger devices; many of these chips support pin muxing flexibility — allowing you to decide which pin a particular peripheral ends up on. Unfortunately, Code Generator makes you decide your routing before you're allowed to start assigning things. And the only way to "undo" is to literally delete the Code Generator document and start over. That's ridiculous.
There are a few other oddities: not all the RL78 devices seem to have a functional Device Top View page; the device I worked with for this review simply had a blank page. This is a far cry from all the other code generator tools I used in this review, and seems very strange that Renesas didn't take the time to finish generating these diagrams before shipping this product. Yet again, you'll be returning to the database to see exactly which pin TxD0 is on, or where that PWM output goes.
Also, the initial page you see (pin assignment, clock settings, block diagram, on-chip debug settings, safety functions, data flash settings) is labeled as "Clock Generator" in the menus if you ever want to return to it (and, trust me, you will — since you'll forget you have to enable On-Chip Debugging manually, as well as check to see which pin assignments you used for the peripherals). Bizarre.
When building out the DMX-512 demo, the Stack Analysis tool helped me see where my stack-heavy calls were. One thing that scared me was the red — this indicates the "worst-case" stack usage; it doesn't indicate where the stack overflowed.
This is where e2 studio really shines. The Memory Usage tab in e2 studio automatically updates with flash and RAM usage — as well as a fine-grained break-down of different symbols — whenever you build your project. Building this stuff into the IDE isn't rocket science, but it's nice to see it when so many vendors rely on printing sizes in the build console.
There's also a Stack Analysis tool that will statically analyze your call trees and point you to worst-case scenarios (in red). It's important to note that the red color doesn't indicate a stack overflow, but rather, just the deepest stack usage call. In fact, the Stack Analysis tool will happily report stack sizes into the 10s of thousands of bytes without issuing you any sort of error or anything.
I can't say enough about how useful real-time tracing is. Renesas e2studio's real-time tracing starts with real-time expressions, progresses to Visual Expressions (with both outputs and inputs), all the way up to graphing and plotting. There's an amazing amount of insight you can gain from a project as simple as my DMX-512 receiver with these advanced views.
Debugging Experience
It seems like Renesas uses a sort of monitor program that does the on-chip debugging in software, as the on-chip debugger must be explicitly enabled or disabled as fuse bits in configuration flash. Code load times and debug session start-up was average.
Once you're debugging, there are several Renesas-specific views. The Current Consumption tab doesn't work with my tool (consulting the schematic reveals the target is fed directly from a 3.3V LDO, so this isn't surprising), but I'm sure if I had one of their higher-end debug tools, the feature would work fine. The performance analysis view isn't helpful on the RL-78 series MCUs because there are no event timers built into the hardware as there are on the RX-series parts. Similarly, I couldn't get the profile view to do anything (I can't imagine it would be useful without performance timers, though).
Having said that, the debug system still has support for real-time tracing on the RL-78. Once you add a variable to the Expressions view, you can click on the icon to the left of the variable name to enable real-time updates of the variable. Polling defaults to 100 ms but can be adjusted. Once you've got real-time expressions set-up, you can visualize them using the Visual Expression widgets (totally gimmicky for output, but the inputs could be useful for simulating analog sliders and push-buttons when you have no hardware yet) — but there's also a real-time chart tool that will plot your expressions as time series. It's pretty basic, but this is the stuff I've never seen on anything other than ARM microcontrollers before, so it's a welcome addition.
Header Files
Alright, start with the good stuff: I was pleased to see the header files supported bit unions, like this:
P6_bit.no1 = 1; // set pin P61 true
Unfortunately, they use the same, generic 8-bit bitfield type for all registers. What does this mean? None of the big units are named! Consider reading the ADCEN bit from the PER0 register:
To add insult to injury, there is no documentation in the header file, so don't expect to ctrl-click your way out of this conundrum.
Interestingly, though, if you get rid of the bit union, and only use the raw register, you can hover over it to actually bring up a miniature snapshot of the hardware reference manual that you could scroll through. It's a neat feature that I kind of like, but its' slow and clunky enough that I think I would have just preferred header file documentation. Also, it doesn't work on bitfields. Boo. Hiss.
Combined with the fact that Code Generator doesn't generate much in the way of timer functions, you'll notice yourself wading through the datasheet, trying to remember what the name of the damn timer reload register is called.
Having to look up registers is the sort of stuff that absolutely kills productivity, and it could be so easily solved: just put useful comments next to the register in the datasheet. I'll probably end up doing this myself if I ever pick up an RL-78 for serious development work.
Pluralized, since the RL78 has different options — even within the e2 studio environment. Essentially, the options are:
Renesas CCRL: Fast, efficient code, with a price tag allowing you to empty your bank account in a fast, efficient manner.
Renesas GCC: GNU-style toolchain that's unrestricted. Compiled binaries are behind a free registration wall.
KPIT GNURL78-ELF: Yet another GCC toolchain, from KPIT. I wasn't able to test this, because their web site was down. From consulting the forums, this is a regular issue. Lovely.
IAR EWRL78: I didn't personally install this behemoth to test, but from my research, it should be as good if not better than CCRL, and possibly cheaper.
I'm sure all the GNU fans will rejoice in the presence of a GCC toolchain, but from a code quality standpoint — on this architecture at least — it doesn't seem very good at all. GCC doesn't really seem to know what SFRs are, and instead, just treats them like 16-bit memory. Consider a bit-toggle:
P6_bit.no0 = !P6_bit.no0;
Got compiled into:
00000aea: movw 0xffef2, #0xff06
00000aee: movw 0xffef0, #0xff06
00000af2: movw ax, 0xffef0
00000af4: movw 0xffef4, ax
00000af6: movw hl, 0xffef4
00000af8: mov a, [hl]
00000af9: and a, #1
00000afb: mov 0xffef0, a
00000afd: xor 0xffef0, #1
00000b00: movw ax, 0xffef2
00000b02: movw 0xffef4, ax
00000b04: movw hl, 0xffef4
00000b06: mov1 cy, 0xffef0.0
00000b09: mov1 [hl].0, cy
Ouch. I tried several different bit-math forms, but they all produced the same thing. If this GCC is anything like AVR-GCC, you have to turn the optimizer up. Here's -O3:
0000053b: mov a, 0xfff06
0000053d: xor a, #1
0000053f: mov 0xfff06, a
OK, now that's starting to look a bit more like real code. But why is it insisting on doing the XOR in register A, instead of directly on Port 6? This is a CISC architecture with a beautiful, fully-orthogonal instruction set. I have no idea why GCC is refusing to work directly on registers, but I was never able to get it fixed, no matter what I tried. It's a shame, as GCC integrates nicely into e2 studio, and I had no problems with any other aspect of it (including debugging).
If we switch to CC-RL, Renesas's in-house toolchain, we get a nice, single instruction for that bit toggle:
xor 0xFFF06, #0x01
These are the things that drive me nuts about compilers.
Suffice it to say, right now, CC-RL works great, and I'd recommend using it until GCC gets fixed up. Once the 60-day full-version trial is up on your copy of CC-RL, the compiler imposes a 64 KB linker limit. Our device has 8 KB of flash, so I'm not going to cry much about this limitation.
Processing & Power Consumption
Because this is a CISC architecture with a fully orthogonal instruction set, the RL-78's pin-toggle program was compiled into two easy-to-digest machine instructions, taking 5 cycles total:
00000190: xor 0xfff02, #4    ; toggle P22 (2 cycles)
00000193: br $0x190 <main+3> ; rinse and repeat (3 cycles)
The RL-78 executed the digital biquad test at 315.42 kHz, with a run-mode current of 3.79 mA, giving it an efficiency of 39.65 nJ/sample. I tried different optimizer settings, but the defaults turned out to produce the best performance in this test.
The datasheet rates a typical power consumption figure in active-mode, full-speed, at 3.7 mA; my digital biquad test was a bit higher than that, but this is to be expected. Consumption drops to 440 µA when in halt mode, and 230 nA when in STOP mode, though I wasn't able to get current consumption down below about 240 µA — even after disconnecting the debugger, and trying different combinations of fuse settings. I'll need to investigate this further and update this post.
DMX-512 RGB Receiver
For this project, I ticked the PIOR0 bit checkbox in the Pin Assignment page of Code Generator, which let me get TO01, TO02, and TO03 all next to each other.
Setting up the UART peripheral for this project was a walk in the park, as the Code Generator drivers for this MCU provide interrupt-based buffered UART reception with a callback-on-complete, along with receive error callbacks. Recall that we're receiving a DMX frame by waiting for a framing error, and then reading in the next 512 bytes as your frame.
The PWM module supports initial output value and active-high or active-low configurations, so I didn't have to do any software math to invert the incoming DMX frame's value to handle the active-low scenario of the LED.
An annoying Code Generator thing is that it stores constants (in our case, timer periods) as #defines with the value of the constant in the name. This is utterly ridiculous, because the moment that Code Generator changes the value, your software won't work anymore. Since Code Generator doesn't provide methods for setting the duty cycle, you have to hit the datasheet to figure out how it's implemented.
Power Reduction
In my case, the UART baud rate was the limiting factor — I could only reduce the main oscillator down to 2 MHz. As for halting the CPU, there's nothing special you have to do; just call HALT().
I only had to write 7 lines of code to correctly implement this project. The RL-78 produced moderately good results — using only 575.52 µA of current on average.
My name is Marinko.
This is an incredible article that introduces me lightly and clearly into the world of Nec microcontrollers that are very complicated.
Continue with such themes for beginners with examples from the home-made world of microcontrollers (uart-ft232rl + software projects).
© 2017 Jay Carlson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Picks are now live for Saturday's FREE handicapping contest!
The four-race contest features racing from Penn National, including the biggest race of the year at the track, the Grade 2, $500,000 Penn Mile!
The contest also features two races — the Penn Ladies Dash and the Pennsylvania Governor's Cup — that are part of our MATCH Series contest! For the rules of the MATCH Series contest and current standings, click here.
You can enter any time between now and 5:00 p.m. EDT on Saturday, June 2. For more information, including complete rules and a rules summary, go here. To enter, click this link or enter below.


text:
WATCH: Hasan Minhaj Denounces Asian Americans Fighting Affirmative Action
The comedian breaks down the importance of affirmative action in higher education—and how a group of Asian Americans is using anti-Black rhetoric in an attempt to dismantle it.
Sameer Rao Oct 29, 2018 2:15PM EDT
Trump Administration Reverses Education Affirmative Action Policy
"This is a wholly political attack."
Kenrya Rankin Jul 5, 2018 1:11PM EDT
The Department of Justice is Reportedly Investigating Harvard's Affirmative Action Policy
"It speaks volumes that Jeff Sessions' Justice Department is prioritizing attacking affirmative action at a time when White nationalists are marching openly in the streets."
Sameer Rao Oct 5, 2017 5:07PM EDT
READ: Asian-American Activists Issue Call to Resist White Supremacist Violence, Complicity in Open Letter
"It falls on all of us to resist White supremacy, including efforts to be co-opted by White supremacists who do not and have never had our communities' interests at heart."
Sameer Rao Aug 16, 2017 3:43PM EDT
On Race and Education: What Today's Affirmative Action Decision Really Means
Victor Goode breaks down the Supreme Court's decision in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin—and how it will impact students of color across the country.
Victor Goode Jun 23, 2016 1:51PM EDT
SCOTUS Issues Opinions on Immigration, Tribal Court Jurisdiction and Affirmative Action
Here is everything you need to know about the Court's latest rulings.
Kenrya Rankin Jun 23, 2016 11:25AM EDT
A People's History of Antonin Scalia, Conservative Warrior
The late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia has received hosannas from all directions. Here, Victor Goode considers his right-wing cred, his "originalist" read of the Constitution, and his hypocrisy on the bench.
Victor Goode Feb 18, 2016 9:59AM EST
ICYMI: That Time Antonin Scalia Suggested That 'Slower-Track Schools' Work Better for Blacks
The Supreme Court heard a retread of the landmark affirmative action case Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin yesterday. The whole court's view is still unclear, but folks are really not happy with Justice Scalia's take on it.
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ICYMI: Mindy Kaling's Brother Pretended to be Black on His Med School Apps
Mindy's self-described nemesis brings trolling to a whole new level.
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UNC, Harvard Sued for Discriminating Against Asians in Admissions
Asians are putting themselves at the frontlines of the fight to end affirmative action in college admissions.
Julianne Hing Nov 17, 2014 12:58PM EST
Poll: Californians' Support for Affirmative Action on the Rise
Affirmative action may not be political anathema after all.
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Low-Income Student Enrollment Stagnates at Elite Colleges
Even though the numbers of low-income students has grown in the same time period.
Julianne Hing Aug 26, 2014 2:29PM EDT
UT Austin's Affirmative Action Safe After Fifth Circuit Affirms Prior Ruling
Affirmative action supporters can breathe a sigh of relief. For now.
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Donald Sterling's Words Shed Light on Years of Racist Practices
Jay Smooth gets it right about accountability.
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Cliven Bundy, Donald Sterling and Affirmative Action
The spectacle of racist rancher Cliven Bundy and racist NBA owner Donald Sterling underscore why minority political and economic rights cannot rest solely upon majority rule.
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Wanted: Disgruntled Asian-Americans to Attack Affirmative Action
An anti-affirmative action crusader makes an appeal to Asian-Americans to sue colleges over their admissions policies.
Julianne Hing Apr 25, 2014 9:45AM ET
Justice Sotomayor's Beautiful Schuette Dissent: 'Race Matters'
As if you didn't already have enough reason to love this wise Latina.
Julianne Hing Apr 23, 2014 12:23PM EDT
Supremes' 'Schuette' Ruling is Another Nail in the Affirmative Action Coffin
The Supreme Court takes an extremely narrow, and willfully ignorant, approach to understanding how race operates in the U.S.
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Supreme Court Upholds Voter-Backed Affirmative Action Bans
It's yet another blow to affirmative action.
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Our Waddler program serves as a transition stage for our more mature infants as they prepare for the Toddler classrooms. Building on their new skills of walking and talking, waddlers actively explore their environment, more easily communicate what they need to their caregivers, and develop the ability to play symbolically, such as "pretend talking" on the phone and "pretend eating" with play objects. Although waddlers begin to use simple words to describe feelings, they still need help to understand those feelings and to cope with disappointment. Nurturing caregivers who understand their particular needs are still critical to healthy growth and development.
Our Waddler teachers ensure that our curious explorers can move about and investigate in a safe environment. They assist in developing large and small motor skills and focus on overall motor coordination as waddlers interact with and manipulate different objects for the first time. Verbal communication is constant. We use language to talk with children about what they or their friends are doing. We also make sure to listen to and respect what our new talkers say.
Research on brain development shows that positive relationships are critical during the earliest years of life. Our low child-to-caregiver ratio continues to provide the individualized attention and closeness that waddlers still require from their caregivers. Through consistent, supportive and thoughtful interactions with their teachers and classmates, waddlers learn to make choices on their own and are encouraged to explore the world around them.
Between ages 1 and 2, a child's cerebral cortex adds more than 2 million new synapses (connections between brain cells) every second.
By age 2, they have more than 100 trillion synapses, the most they'll ever have in their life.
By the time they are adults, more than 50% of those synapses are gone.


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While you visit the Saguaro National Park to see the stunning views of tall cactus trees, one of the places that surely interesting to visit is the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum. The museum is surprisingly very large in scale and there are tons of exhibits and its own trails with fantastic view of the surrounding desert. What is interesting in this museum is its creative atypical exhibit settings. The museum shows how diverse the lifeforms like animals and plants in the seemingly lifeless desert ecosystem. The walk-in aviary features various birds existing in the desert. The gigantic museum complex also has restaurants in the site where you can chill and refresh yourself.


Register for the Five Spots Wait List.
What: The final spots in the Vibram Open are awarded to the top five finishers in the Five Spots, which is a one round competition.
When: See Schedule for times on Wednesday for this event.
Who: All players that are on the Five Spots Wait List and all other players that would like to compete for the final spots are eligible. There is a $25 fee to compete. Players on the Five Spots Wait List have already paid this.
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text:
Q: find general solution of PDE: $ xu_{xy}+u_y=2xe^y $ $$ xu_{xy}+u_y=2xe^y $$
I solved this equation like following:
Divided the equation by $x$:  $$ u_{xy}+ \frac {1}{x}u_y = 2e^y $$
Then integrated with respect to $x$: $$ u_y + \ln(x)u_y = 2xe^y+f(y) $$
Then: $$ u_y (1+\ln(x)) = 2xe^y +f(y)$$
Then integrated with respect to $y$: $$ u = \frac{2x}{1+\ln(x)} e^y + \int f(y) + h(y)$$
However I am thinking that my 3rd step is incorrect. Can you help guys, if I am doing something wrong?

A: In fact the second step is incorrect: Since $u$ may depend on $x$, integrating $f_x u_y$ in general does not give $f u_y$.
Hint We can proceed as follows: Since $u$ only appears in the equation differentiated by $y$, we can produce a lower-order equation by writing $v := u_y$:
$$x v_x + v = 2 x e^y .$$

 Additional hint The left-hand side is just $(x v)_x$, so we can immediately integrate to obtain $x v$, thus $v$, and then integrate again to obtain $u$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Adamson, who has a 3-year-old of her own, said she went into "mommy mode," and kept the Gardnerville toddler on the telephone for 10 minutes as help arrived for 32-year-old Catherine Goss who had suffered a seizure.
Adamson said she realized in seconds she was dealing with a toddler.
"Gracie couldn't give me her address," Adamson said. "She was able to make a statement that told me it was a medical problem.
The enhanced 911 screen displayed the phone number and address. Gracie verified that she lived on the street that showed on the screen. Help was on the way within a minute.
Gracie's dad is Larry Goss, 37, East Fork Fire & Paramedic Districts training captain. He heard the emergency call come in as he was on his way to work.
While Adamson kept Gracie on the phone, other dispatchers put the call into service.
Adamson said her experience with Gracie sets a new standard in her 13-year career as a dispatcher.
"I was asking her questions and stuff, and she stayed with me the whole time on the phone. She was there with her 2-year-old little brother. I wanted to direct her to go open the door, but I was afraid her little brother might wander out," she said.
When Goss arrived home, he parked in the street so the ambulance would have access to the residence.
Gracie was rewarded with a trip to Chuck E. Cheese and a visit to the 911 dispatch center where she met Adamson and was presented with a "Super Hero" button.
Had Gracie not called 911, Catherine Goss said it would have been 40 minutes before her 10-year-old daughter Isabel arrived home from school. She doesn't know the medical implications about going that long without treatment.
Gracie had learned how to dial 911 a few hours before she made the call. Catherine Goss said her 10-year-old has a list of emergency numbers, but she had a feeling that day she should try to prepare Gracie.
"I wanted to teach her how to dial her dad's cell phone, but it was too many numbers. I put sticky notes on the phone and taught her how to dial 911," Goss said.
Later that day, she and Gracie were working on an art project when she became ill. She doesn't remember any details, but said Gracie took it upon herself to turn on the telephone and make the 911 call.
Gracie's explanation of what happened is straight-forward.
"I called 911. They took Mommy to the hospital, they fixed her, and they brought her home," Gracie said.
Catherine and her husband are traveling to University of Utah for tests this week for what she described as a chronic condition with further complications.
Her parents, Margaret and Dave Biggs, live nearby and are helping with the children in addition to making sure Catherine isn't by herself.
Friends have established an account with Wells Fargo Bank to help with travel expenses.
Larry Goss said the family wanted to thank the East Fork Fire & Paramedic Districts, the East Fork Professional Firefighters Union, and, especially the 911 dispatchers.
"I'm just so proud of what Gracie did and Tammy (Adamson)," he said.
Goss isn't sure she wants to hear the 911 tape.
"I woke up in the emergency room and they told me what happened. I was pretty impressed with Gracie. I know as parents we often underestimate what our kids are capable of," Catherine said.
A few days after the incident, Gracie asked her dad where he was going.
"I told her I was on my way to work. She said, 'You can tell everybody I'll be here.' She's standing guard," Goss said.
Catherine Goss said Gracie checks on her occasionally.
"She says, 'You know, if you don't talk to me, I'm going to have to call the cops again,'" Goss said.
Gracie, who will be 4 in May, keeps a sisterly eye on Lucas, too.
Does she think he could call 911?
The Goss Family Fund has been established at Wells Fargo Bank to assist with travel expenses. Donations may be made to account No. 5917 8371 88.


text:
Photo courtesy of www.dpsk12.org
Map courtesy of www.piton.org
Search available homes in Whittier
Whittier Neighborhood is one of Denver's oldest residential neighborhoods. Most of the residential subdivisions of the Whittier Neighborhood were created during the period of booming real estate growth in Denver from the late 1870s up to 1893. The neighborhood's development began in anticipation of the city's connection with the transcontinental railroad and the growth of Colorado's rail network. Early residents were principally Anglo American middle and upper middle class citizens but the area's proximity to the railroad yards also attracted small numbers of African American residents during the late nineteenth century.
Whittier grew from the 1870s through the early twentieth century, with some of the finest residential areas dating to the early 1900s. Streetcar service connecting the area to the central business district made Whittier more attractive for residential building. By 1905, Whittier was served by three streetcar lines. During the early twentieth century, Whittier was one of a limited number of neighborhoods which accommodated black residents. By the 1930s, the area was a focus for the African American community and some of its most prominent leaders were Whittier residents.
As the Whittier area developed in the later decades of the nineteenth century, a number of educational, religious, recreational, and social facilities were established to meet neighborhood and citywide needs. Fuller Park, at Williams and East Twenty-eighth Avenue, Denver's second oldest park, was donated to the city in 1879 by Horace Fuller, an attorney and real estate developer. By 1883, the neighborhood included enough school-age children to require its own school building. Whittier School, named after poet John Greenleaf Whittier, was constructed in the southwestern corner of the neighborhood. Holy Redeemer was organized in 1892 as a mission composed of Catholic whites and African Americans. The size of the congregation grew along with the African American population of Denver and Holy Redeemer is now the oldest African American Episcopal congregation in the city.
In 1894, a branch of East High School known as Manual Training High School was completed. The course of study was divided into manual training and academic subjects. An early motto of the school was "one learns best by doing." The Denver Detention Home was established on the western edge of Whittier Neighborhood in 1901. Influenced by the thinking of Denver Juvenile Court Judge Ben V. Lindsey who pioneered the concept that delinquent youth should not be regarded as criminals, the original facility was operated out of an old mansion. The original facility was torn down and replaced as part of a WPA project in 1935. Subsequent expansions incorporated the Depression-era structure and greatly expanded the facility into today's Gilliam Youth Center, named for Denver Judge Philip Gilliam.
By the late nineteenth century, segregation in Denver confined African American citizens to portions of lower downtown and to the Five Points Neighborhood. As those areas became increasingly crowded, the boundaries pushed outward into adjacent neighborhoods. African American migration into the neighborhood began intensively about 1910. High Street in the Whittier area was the dividing line between African American and white residential areas. Blacks who attempted to cross this line and buy or rent in areas to the east were met with violence.
During the 1930s, economic conditions forced many of the owners of larger homes to convert their properties to boarding and apartment homes. This accelerated changes in the neighborhood's population, introducing more boarders and renters to the area. Residential segregation continued in Denver following World War II but, in response to the antidiscrimination and fair housing laws of the late 1950s and 1960s, many African American residents of Whittier began moving east into newer homes in North Park Hill and Montbello. Whittier Neighborhood population declined dramatically and the physical deterioration of homes became a serious problem.
The Great Society and Model Cities programs had a profound impact on the neighborhood in the 1960s and 1970s. Whittier became the first federal urban renewal rehabilitation program in Denver to address blighting conditions. While dilapidated units were demolished and DURA efforts helped to stabilize the neighborhood, the historic integrity of the neighborhood's built environment was reduced. During the 1970s and 1980s, the value of the area's historic housing was rediscovered, and a new appreciation for the Whittier Neighborhood as one of Denver's historic residential areas grew. The neighborhood today reflects a mixture of late nineteenth and early twentieth century homes and residential structures erected during urban renewal efforts in more recent years, together with pleasant parks, small businesses, churches and schools, makes it an attractive and vibrant neighborhood within the city.
Adapted from Denver Neighborhood Project, 1993-94 Whittier Neighborhood, prepared for the Denver Landmark Preservation Commission and Office of Planning and Community Development by Front Range Associates, Inc. Denver. 1995.
Copyright 2007 - The Piton Foundation
http://www.piton.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=CommunityFacts.Summary&Neighborhood_ID=936


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SYNONYM

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Amer. J. Bot. 28:751. 1941

#### Original name
null

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Private, luxurious, and very comfortable, our VIP Suites are on the sand, only footsteps away from the Caribbean Sea and our swimming pool. Each of our two VIP Suites have a private balcony outfitted with comfortable chairs and a hammock for you to relax and enjoy the warm Caribbean breezes or perhaps the breathtaking views of the glistening waters of the Caribbean Sea as the sun rises above the horizon just behind the Belize Barrier Reef. A custom made king size bamboo bed covered in luxurious duvet covers, is the centerpiece of this room. These suites also have a dressing area with a reach in closet, a sitting area with cushioned custom-made bamboo chairs and a desk for your convenience. From its massive hand thatched Palapa ceiling, to its exotic hardwood floors, this room is absolutely stunning. These units are non-smoking but smoking is allowed on the porch.


Being in the industry for just under 5 years, Ivi loves making people look and feel beautiful. She has has honed in her skills at one of Portland's most reputable barbershops, where she learned the art of barbering, along with strait razor shaves. Being detail oriented, Ivi finds herself chipping every look to perfection, striving to satisfy every client that sits in her chair. Not only is Ivi knowledgeable in the world of barbering, but she's also worked side by side with one of Portland's master colorists, learning to perfect color corrections, balayage, and color. Choosing between the 2 crafts (Barbering and women's hair) is impossible for Ivi. Truly loving everything about both arts, she's decided to dedicate her work to them both, making her one of Portland's most well versed stylists. You can also contact Ivi for wedding hair and makeup for your big day!


For sure you heard about the down payment assistance programs. Local or state housing authority can administer these programs. Additionally, a nonprofit organisation or lender can also manage it. Basically, these programs provide a set amount of money to eligible homebuyers. As a homebuyer, you can use this money to cover your down payment or your closing costs.
FHLB (Federal Home Loan Bank) – First Time Buyer is a grant, which is forgiven after five years. This program can be used anywhere in Georgia. The down payment assistance is up to $5,000.
The FHLB – Community Partners Product provides up to $7,500 in down payment assistance. It is for current or retired law enforcement officers, firefighters, educators, health care workers, and other first responders.
The FHLB – Foreclosure Recovery Product provides up to $15,000 in down payment assistance. This program is available for first-time and non-first-time homebuyers.
The FHLB – Veterans and Returning Veterans Product provides up to $10,000 in funding by veterans or active duty members of the US military. Surviving spouses may also apply.
The FHLB – Veterans Rehabilitation Product GA Dream provides up to $15,000 for accessibility and energy-efficient improvements to a home owned by veterans, active duty members of the US military or their surviving spouses.
The GA Dream allows a buyer to have a higher income limit. The program provides $5,000 in down payment assistance.
THE GA Dream PEN is for protectors (like policemen and foremen), educators and health care workers. It provides up to $7,500 in down payment assistance.
The GA Dream CHOICE is for a household with disabled members. It provides up to $7,500 in down payment assistance.
First-time buyers who purchase homes in Gwinnett County are provided with loans of $7,500 at 0% interest.
• HFA Preferred: homebuyers are provided with up to 5% of purchase price.
• Home Atlanta 4.0: homebuyers are provided with up to 5% of purchase price.
provided with up to $20,000 in down payment assistance.
$10,000 in down payment assistance.
Homebuyers are provided with up to 5% of loan amount. The grant can be used as down payment or for closing costs. More importantly, repeat homeowners are qualified.
The program provides up to $25,000 in homebuyer assistance but it will depend on the county. It is also forgivable within five or ten years.
USDA Guaranteed Loan Program provides 100% financing, especially in rural development areas.
The WE DeKalb provides homebuyers (of 30-year fixed rate mortgage) with up to 5% of loan amount.


Does anyone have any experience with a decoupled third linkage or a reactive torque link in place of a solid upper link?
From what I have read and can gather the decoupled linkage separates the tension and compression forces ie acceleration and deceleration forces. This is done to get the desired anti squat but without the detriment of a swing arm length being too short and inducing brake hop. I have also read that offsetting only the acceleration link and centering the brake link will induce some odd things to occur in one wheel bump and is generally not advised for street usage. I have also read that with a reactive torque link like the one pictured with rubber donuts in place will help keep the rear tires from breaking traction under heavy acceleration ie off the corner or from a dig by taking up some slack and softening the load until it can compress or deflect no longer.
I am considering the system in the image from Coleman and offsetting the whole assembly 8-12% of the track width to the right. As well as keeping both links in line with each other as not to induce issues in one wheel bump. I also realize that on the Coleman unit a common pivot for both links would need to be made.
Or this linkage kit from Rightfoot Performance.
The only way the accel and decel forces can be "separated" and not "bind" is if there is considerable backlash between the two motions. You're slowing down towards a corner with shut throttle then you get back on the accelerator ... the backlash gets taken up (via the axle wrapping up) - Bang. Then you shut the throttle to change gear, let's say. Bang, Then you are in the next gear and on the gas. Bang. All the while your pinion angle is changing to and fro. How can this be a good thing?
And now you have two almost-separate geometries to consider - and to find the right set-up for.
Just do a 3 link with panhard. Move the upper link to the right of the diff housing if you so desire. It will cancel some of the driveshaft torque but not all of it, but it shouldn't be so asymmetric as to cause trouble when braking. Make the upper link shorter than the lower links (more antisquat as the rear suspension compresses - less as it unloads). Make the front end of the upper link height-adjustable so that you can fine tune how much antisquat you want. Have the shocks and springs act as close to the axle centerline as you can get - or on the lower links - so that the antisquat you dial in doesn't have secondary effects on the effective spring and damping rates. Have the lower links as close to horizontal as possible, and the panhard as close to horizontal as possible, at nominal ride height to minimize bump steer.
No backlash, no binding, no uncontrolled axle wrap-up, one thing to adjust in the geometry - that's it. Done.
Notice how many of these features you see here ... and they didn't bother with making the pivot points adjustable, they just figured out where the right spots are. And they didn't bother with driveshaft torque cancellation.
Note how short the upper link is compared to the lower ones and how the lower links are very close to being parallel.
winning is the goal but the predictability of their action/reaction can be. JMO.
Jer73 wrote: This is done to get the desired anti squat but without the detriment of a swing arm length being too short and inducing brake hop.
This is something that I do not understand; how "swing arm length being too short" induces "brake hop".
Look at the back end of just about any front-drive car. Yes, I know you're not building a front-drive car. But under BRAKING, it's irrelevant that you are dealing with a "dead" axle rather than a "live" axle. The forces that the brakes apply are the same.
About 90% of the time, maybe more, you will find some sort of trailing-arm-based design in those cars. In side view, the braking forces and torques are applied through trailing arm pivot points. Every front-drive with a twist-beam axle is like this, and there are lots of those - probably most of them. Almost every front-drive with a multi-link rear suspension (Focus, new Civic, VW Golf Mk5 and Mk6) uses a trailing link as part of the mechanism that guides the hub.
All such suspension designs have VERY short effective side-view swing-arm lengths. If they were rear-drive, they'd have more than 100% anti-squat by far.
I've never encountered "brake hop" with these cars under any circumstances, and that includes a wee bit of autocross and some amount of backroads silliness and the occasional hard stop. My Passat had a twist-beam axle. My Jetta had a trailing-link-based multilink IRS. I put hundreds of thousands of kilometers on those cars. "Brake hop"? Never!
So why, under braking, would a live axle rather than a "dead" twist-beam axle suddenly make it prone to "brake hop"?
I just don't see it. Maybe there's something else going on. But if too short a side-view swingarm length causes "brake hop" then why don't the 90% of front-drive cars that have VERY short side-view swingarm lengths have this problem?
Maybe, but plenty of front-drivers have no worse weight distribution than many nose-heavy big-engined rear-drivers. And rear-drive vehicles with IRS often have comparable short-trailing-arm geometry for braking forces. Maybe the extra weight of the "live" axle compared to the "dead" twist-beam axle changes the resonant frequency so that it becomes within the operating range of a rear axle drive car, but the lesser unsprung weight of the twist-beam axle or IRS moves that frequency high enough so that it doesn't do anything bad.
From a bit of poking around, it seems like the "brake hop" is mostly a 4th-gen F-body (i.e. OEM torque-arm) problem, but it isn't "always" a problem, and it seems like spring and damping rates have something to do with it and having too much rear brake bias has something to do with it.
Making the upper link very short compared to the lower links - the way Ford did with the S197 - leads to a situation where under acceleration, the more it squats the more anti-squat you have, but under braking when the rear unloads, because the arms become more parallel, there is less "anti-lift". A torque-arm geometry can't do that.
These are from Herb Adam's Chassis Engineering.
One book calls for 42 inches the other calls for 60 inches minimum for side view swing arm length.
Now as I understand it the higher % of anti squat in the system the more load the suspension will carry and transfer to the rear wheels. Too much and the rear end will lift the body of the car and worse case scenario with waaaaaay to much anti squat it would make the car hop on a hard launch. Now with braking forces and a high % of anti squat the torque on the housing is working in the opposite direction. SO instead of trying to lift the body on launch the brakes try to push the axle housing up into the body. If this is bad enough as stated in the literature the tires will lose contact and you then lose your braking until the axle sets back down and makes contact again then it is forced back up again ect..... I am sure brake bias plays a heavy role on this effect.
As to how this affect is not noticed or measurable on a front wheel drive system I would assume most front wheel drive systems do not use much if at all anti's in their designs. I know that most independent rear suspension systems on the market have low or no anti squat percentages and when you start designing more anti's into the suspension it can get ugly and induce binding(I am paraphrasing here). As for it acting on a dead axle I would assume that is entirely dependent on it's mounting, geometry, and amount of unsprung weight. On a solid live axle I would assume that the extra unsprung weight would only exacerbate the hopping effect.
The reason I brought up the decoupled upper linkage was because I can separate the the side veiw swing arm length from the antisquat % this would be a useful tuning tool for corner entry and exit at a road course or auto cross.
Now please bear with me as I am learning mostly as I go, I do appreciate everyone that has posted so far and their advice. If I don't respond for a few days to someones response I either am trying to weed out info or i am just brain dead and can't think after work , again thank you.
Brian P wrote: From a bit of poking around, it seems like the "brake hop" is mostly a 4th-gen F-body (i.e. OEM torque-arm) problem, but it isn't "always" a problem, and it seems like spring and damping rates have something to do with it and having too much rear brake bias has something to do with it.
A regular torque arm cannot but a decoupled design can like Unbalanced enginering's solution for the 4th gen can.
That explanation of the s197 makes a lot of sense as to why they went with such a short upper arm. Now I think the reason they didn't offset the upper link that they did not want to lose rear seat space. Now I have not driven a s197 mustang I have only gotten a ride along in a 2012 boss 302 with the track pack. From what I recall I had never been in a car like that, that could take a corner at the speeds we were going.
Now that was about the time I had begun this whole project. Here is some back story the car is a 1973 Mercedes 280c The engine popped a head gasket and I could not source parts so the inline 6 m110 engine came out and a happy little .030 over ford 302 windsor with plenty of goodies went in along with a Tremec t5.
Jer73 wrote: As to how this affect is not noticed or measurable on a front wheel drive system I would assume most front wheel drive systems do not use much if at all anti's in their designs. I know that most independent rear suspension systems on the market have low or no anti squat percentages and when you start designing more anti's into the suspension it can get ugly and induce binding(I am paraphrasing here). As for it acting on a dead axle I would assume that is entirely dependent on it's mounting, geometry, and amount of unsprung weight. On a solid live axle I would assume that the extra unsprung weight would only exacerbate the hopping effect.
OEM front-drive twist-axle rear suspensions, and OEM front-drive multi-link designs similar to what Ford originally called "control blade" on the Mk1 Focus (which has since been copied many times including by VW for the Mk5 and Mk6 Golf based cars), have very short side-view swing arm lengths. Much, much shorter than what the two books that you quote suggest. The swing arm pivot is right at the spot where the trailing links attach to the chassis.
Randomly selected image of a twist-beam from the internet ... the whole deal pivots around the front trailing arm mounts. Whatever the distance is from there to the rear hubs is the side-view swing-arm length.
For the VW Mk5/Mk6 IRS, the "control blade" or "trailing arm" or whatever you want to call it actually bolts to the chassis in exactly the same spot where the twist-beam does, which means the side-view swing-arm length is exactly the same.
Because the side-view swing-arm length is so short, these have VERY high anti-lift under braking. The braking torque on the hubs pulls down on the chassis end of the trailing arm pivots and of course that corresponds to trying to pull the hubs upward off the road.
By the explanations given by Herb Adams etc., this should have horrible hop under braking. But they don't. Something else is going on when a live rear axle is involved - and it is quite possible that it has something to do with the considerably higher unsprung weight which causes the natural frequency to get into a bad range.
I'm glad you understood the explanation of why the S197 suspension is the way it is, and it sounds like you had a good in-person demonstration of it as well! And you are probably right about the upper link wanting to be centrally located to avoid getting into rear seat pans.
So here is a little update, I figured out the offset upper link after much head scratching. I sourced a panhard bar mount that I was able to adapt and modify. This gives me an adjustment range for the roll center of 5 to 11 inches. I didn't want to go much lower fearing ground clearance issues.
Alright so now I am currious about choosing springs and swaybars. I have briefly played with some of the online calculators from some spring manufacturers and they are spitting out spring rates around 200lbs/in.
Any preference on spring manufacturers? I am using a set of ohlins lmj 9 inch stroke shocks just for reference.
As for selecting a sway bar I am really not sure where to start.
Brian P wrote: This is something that I do not understand; how "swing arm length being too short" induces "brake hop".
Maybe it's an issue that mainly rears its head with high unsprung weight?
My Golf and GTI (twist beam) would only lock and drag the rear wheels, one of which was usually hanging in the air at all times anyway. My RX-7 (4 link with maybe 10" long upper links) with SToCK rearend geometry and the proportioning valve removed would get into some bad rear brake hop coming down through about 30mph. I learned to drive around it, just ease off the brakes a little when coming down through that speed. But at higher speeds I could stand the car on its bumper with no problems?
Now the weird part. That same RX-7 converted to 3 link, with a longer upper link that gave antisquat at suspension heights instead of near the end of bump travel, never exhibited this kind of brake hop. Very curious indeed.
The rear suspensions you are looking at have been in use for decades in circle track racing. I will try to share what I have learned over the years about the three link system. Moving the upper bar to one side or the other, loads the closest tire more that the other on acceleration. The opposite happens under braking. On dirt cars, we move both the chassis end, and the rear end to the left to help with forward drive. This can also loosen the corner entry.
The bushing pullbar is designed to aide with low traction, high horsepower set ups. The less traction, ex. IMCA Hoosier G-60s and a very dry slick track, along with a strong motor, would require softer bushings to "cushion" the initial shock of throttle application. If this is something that you really want to use, I would consider using a spring set up rather than a bushing one. As stated earlier, the bushings will wear out. The more "bite", the sooner they wear. The spring will stay the same. Linear and progressive springs available. The bushings are progressive by design.
The brake bar must run uphill to the chassis. If not, it will allow the rear tires to try and lift up into the chassis. That's wheelhop. The acceleration bar is built to "float" on decal. The brake bar is built to "float" on acceleration.
Remember, for every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction. Large amounts of anti-squat create large amounts of rear wheel unloading upon braking. My experience shows me that upper angle, not length, has a larger impact on anti-squat. We run around 18* down to the chassis on a dirt Modified. When I raced asphalt with a three link, the upper link was about 8-10* downhill. On asphalt, we were not allowed any type of brake bar or shock to control wheelhop. Also, with more available traction to the tires, we did not need as much anti-squat.
I really hope this helps the OP out and makes sense.
Your supports for your upper arm look quite far apart (at both ends). Have you calculated the tension force on that upper arm under maximum acceleration and calculated the stresses on the crossbar that the upper arm is secured to?


Silvana Konermann has accepted our offer to join the department as an assistant professor. Currently she is a postdoctoral fellow at the Salk Institute and a HHMI Hanna H. Gray Fellow. She will begin at Stanford in October 2019. Welcome, Silvana!
Andy Renteria, a first-year biochemistry student, has received a 2018 NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Martha Kahlson, a first-year biochemistry student, and Uche Medoh, an incoming first-year biochemistry student, received honorable mention recognition. Congratulations to all!
The NIH has awarded Jennifer Kong of the Rohatgi Lab the K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award. This award aims to help outstanding postdoctoral researchers complete training and transition to independent, tenure-track or equivalent faculty positions. Congratulations, Jenn!
On Dec. 14, 2014, after many months of not getting expected results, Jim Spudich got into bed, read a chunk of a novel, fell asleep and had a dream that would change the focus of his entire field in thinking about what causes a common and often lethal heart defect. Read more.
Drug companies want to use STING to fight cancer. Now insights into the structure and activity could help that quest. Read more.
The National Academy of Sciences will honor Sharon Long with the 2019 Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology. The award will be presented on April 28 during the Academy's 156th annual meeting. Read more.
Why a defective gene is tied so strongly to Parkinson's disease has baffled researchers. Now, a study led by Stanford scientists appears to have pieced together a major part of the puzzle. Read more.
Elizabeth Winzeler (Former Postdoc, Davis Lab) was awarded the Alice and C. C. Wang Award in Molecular Parasitology for her contributions to antimalarial drug development. Read more on why having an atypical background can be an advantage by providing a different perspective on a challenge.
Peter Kim is one of three recipients of the 2019 Stanford Medicine Alumni Association Award, presented to distinguished alumni for exceptional service to Stanford Medicine and outstanding lifetime contributions to medicine and the biomedical sciences. Read more.
A strategic thinker and collaborative physician-scientist, Dr. Artandi's understanding of the opportunities to develop synergies between the elements of the tripartite mission of excellence in research, patient care, and education make him uniquely qualified to further the SCI's goal of translating Stanford discoveries into individualized cancer care. Read more.
Gilbert Chu was elected to the American Physical Society for contributions at the intersection of physics and the life sciences, including PET, electrophoresis, and statistical methods for microarrays, and for discovering and characterizing proteins involved in DNA repair and developing instrumentation for assessing toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy.
Inga Jarmoskaite (Postdoc, Herschlag Lab) won a poster prize at the 2018 Gordon Research Conference on Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation!
When James Spudich was diagnosed with lung cancer, researchers had a rare, and unexpected, opportunity to study healthy and diseased human tissue at an unprecedented level of detail.
Three Stanford researchers are among the 84 newly elected members of the National Academy of Sciences.
Raj Rohatgi elected to American Society for Clinical Investigation!
Assistant Professor, Lingyin Li, wins Ono Pharma Foundation Award for Breakthrough Science Initiative!
Assistant Professor, Lingyin Li, receives a New Innovator Award!
Second year chemistry student, Jackie Carozza, is a recipient of this year's Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship.


text:
Louis De Meester
Tina Fux
Christophe Decker
During her concert cycle "Fux on the Road" she will perform works by contemporary composers Louis de Meester, Morton Feldman, Robert Nasveld, Charles Halka, Karel Goeyvaerts and others. As a pianist she enters the world of contemporary music with an intense curiosity about the unknown. She is also currently studying the history of the visual arts at the University of Ghent in order to create links to other branches of the arts in further musical projects.
Tina Fux gained her Master's Diploma in performance with distinction at the Royal Conservatory of Ghent. She then took part in master classes on contemporary works with the British pianist Jonathan Powell. In the summer of 2013 she took part in master classes given by Eliane Rodrigues at the Royal Conservatory of Antwerp as well as taking lessons with the Vietnamese pianist Ton Nu Nguyet Minh at the Hans Eisler Hochschule in Berlin to study works by Kurt Schwaen and Johannes Brahms.
She gave a concert in the Kurt Schwaen archive in Berlin in July 2013 where she performed music by the DDR composer Kurt Schwaen. She is currently making a thorough study of the works of Louis de Meester and of other modern Flemish composers, including the cycle oeioeioeioei after the eponymous work by Louis Posman. In collaboration with Marc Michael De Smet and the Aquarius ensemble she will create two music theatre productions: Who killed Louis de Meester? — a provoking production about the forgotten Belgian modernist composer Louis de Meester — and De Lokstem der verten with Lieve Jansen as narrator. Music for this second project will be taken from Charles Koechlin's Les heures persanes.
1 Sonatine for piano - Allegro giocoso	 05:55
artists: 'Tina Fux' 'Christophe Decker'
composers: 'Louis De Meester'
2 Sonatine for piano - Minuetto 03:08
3 Sonatine for piano - Spirituoso 03:17
4 Il pleut - for saxophone and piano 03:57
5 Trois Nocturnes - Sans rigueur 03:45
6 Trois Nocturnes - Calme 03:23
7 Trois Nocturnes - Clair 05:05
8 Petites Variations 09:40
9 This is Love - for saxophone and piano 02:54
10 Mimes - Molto rubato 04:04
11 Mimes - Allegretto 02:15
12 Mimes - Allegro marcato	 03:05


text:
Willow Palin Ties the Knot One Day After Brother Track's Arrest
Sarah Palin's daughter Willow Palin married her fiancé Saturday, the day after her brother Track was reportedly arrested on domestic violence charges in Alaska.
Willow, 24, married Ricky Bailey at the Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge in Talkeetna, Alaska. Palin shared a gallery of photos on Instagram, captioned, "Happiest day. Ever."
Happiest day. Ever. 💍💕🤗
A post shared by Sarah Palin (@sarahpalin97) on Sep 29, 2018 at 5:29pm PDT
The photos showed Willow's younger brother Trig, 10, getting ready for the big day and Palin wearing a red flannel shirt with "Mother of the Bride" printed on the back. Another photo showed Palin posing for a picture with Bailey's mother, who wore a shirt reading "Mother of the Groom" on the back. Palin's photos also included a shot of the newleyweds from the back, with Willow holding Trig's hand.
Willow revealed a black and white photo from the wedding, with "Mr. & Mrs. Bailey" written above their heads.
"The most perfect day," Willow wrote in the caption, alongside a heart emoji.
Willow and Bailey announced their engagement in December, after Bailey proposed outside the Christmas Tree at Rockefeller Center in New York City.
The wedding occurred just hours after news broke that Track, 29, was arrested after Alaska State Troopers were called to his home in Wasilla, Alaska. Police claimed Track assaulted a woman and resisted arrest. According to the dispatch report, he tried to take the woman's phone away when she called 911.
Track was charged with "fourth-degree domestic violence assault, interfering with a report of domestic violence, resisting arrest and disorderly conduct." He remains in prison without bail.
This was Track's third arrest. In January 2016, he was arrested after an altercation with his then-girlfriend.
In December, days before Willow's engagement, he was arrested for domestic violence, and arraigned on charges of felony burglary, misdemeanor reckless assault and misdemeanor criminal mischief. Police claimed Track was drinking and using painkillers before he entered the Palin family home and attacked his father. In June, he pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor criminal trespassing in the first degree charge and was sentenced to 10 days in prison.
Palin served as Governor of Alaska from 2006 to 2009 and was the late Sen. John McCain's running mate in the 2008 presidential election. She has two other children, Bristol Palin, 27, and Piper Palin, 17. Bristol will star in the upcoming season of MTV's Teen Mom OG and her 9-year-old son, Tripp, stars on Dancing With The Stars: Juniors.
Photo Credit: Instagram/Willow Palin
King Charles Makes Royal's Ban From Buckingham Palace Official Ahead of Coronation
Shakira's Ex Gerard Piqué Introduces His 23-Year-Old Girlfriend
Gisele Bündchen Spotted Horseback Riding With Rumored New Boyfriend
Country Singer and Wife Welcome Baby Boy: 'Happy and Healthy'
Dak Prescott and His Girlfriend Natalie Buffett Secretly Broke Up
Jessie James Decker Says Husband Eric Decker Refuses to Get a Vasectomy


text:
Q: How can I vastly improve the perfomance in loading multiple interlinked things from Database? So, I think there MUST be a better way of doing what I am Doing...
I currently have 1 class, called "Hero". This contains 19 properties (subject to change, of course). It represents a database table I have of information.
Then, I have another Database table for comments on these hero's. One of the properties on each Hero is an ObservableCollection, and comment just contains a few basic properties.
I plan in the future as I build this up to have other relating tables attached also.
In the ViewModel, I have an ObservableCollection which I initialise with each hero from my SQLite DB.
When the program launches, I go through the following:
First, I query the Heroes Table, and pull out all the heroes into an ObservableCollection in the VM. Example:
DataTable dt = db.GetDataTable("SELECT * FROM Heroes");
foreach (DataRow Row in dt.Rows)
{
    Heroes.Add(new Hero(
        HID: Convert.ToInt32(Row["ID"]),
        HName: Row["Name"].ToString(),
        ETC.....
        ));
}

Then, I do the exact same for the Heroes_Comments table - I pull out everything from there, and store it in an ObservableCollection. Same way as above, only query is "SELECT * FROM Heroes_Comments", and different fields used ETC ofc.
Finally, I run a foreach on each comment in the ObservableCollection, and add it to the Hero Collection. As so:
foreach (Comment c in HeroesDBComments)
{
    HeroesDBHeroes.Single(h => h.ID == c.Foreign).Comments.Add(c);
}

It all works, and does its job etc... However with not that much test data, it does seem to take a fair while to do everything and I feel that as I add more things to this it will bog down completely and be worthless.
What can I do to improve this? I would rather get it right now, than have to improve and fix it all later on. :)
(FYI - Test data is currently looking at about 10 Hero's and 5 Comments, all 5 comments on the same Hero. Each Hero does have 2 images stored as a BLOB... so thats not the smallest amount of data ever but I feel as though the foreach on the comments is bad when it comes to adding more linked tables and doing the same with those... I just dont know anyhting better?)
Thought: Are ObservableCollections slower and there is a better alternative perhaps?

A: You're burning a lot of cycles just doing network round trips--much more than you realize.
I'd say don't be afraid of SQL joins. You will almost certainly get much better overall performance if you craft a SQL query which pulls all of the data back in one call. Order the data by "Hero," then by whatever matters in the comments table. As you iterate over the result set, just check for a change in the Hero id so you know when the context changes. Yes, you'll pull some redundant data, but overall performance will likely improve drastically.
Are you using connection pooling? Are you making all of these calls on the same connection or spinning up a new connection each time.
It's also possible (probable) that you're pulling more data than you're using, with the select * from ... queries, and whatever efficiencies you're gaining to making multiple requests to the database are more than swallowed up in the overhead of pulling more columns than you need and reconnecting over and over.
Alternatively, pull the heroes, pull out just the id values then pull all of the comments for all of the Heros in one additional call. Use multithreading so that you can start populating your data structure at the same time that you're pulling the comment data.


text:
Man indicted on first-degree murder charge in 2010 South Nashville cold case
Aaron Berkley, 31, being sought for the killing of of Essex Issac Washington, 24, on Packard Drive.
Man indicted on first-degree murder charge in 2010 South Nashville cold case Aaron Berkley, 31, being sought for the killing of of Essex Issac Washington, 24, on Packard Drive. Check out this story on Tennessean.com: https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/crime/2019/11/07/nashville-cold-case-man-indicted-in-2010-killing/2516316001/
Natalie Neysa Alund, Nashville Tennessean Published 7:45 a.m. CT Nov. 7, 2019
Aaron Berkley (Photo: MNPD)
Metro police have issued a warrant for a man in a 2010 cold case homicide in South Nashville
Investigation by cold case detectives led to a first-degree murder indictment against Berkley, who police said is a convicted robber.
He is accused of fatally shooting Washington in the parking lot of Bavaria Apartments.
According to police, a new investigation shows Washington and Berkley — who knew each other, were talking on the phone as Washington arrived at the apartment complex to meet Berkley.
Aaron Berkley, 31, being sought for the 2010 murder of Essex Issac Washington, 24, on Packard Drive. Investigation by Cold Case detectives led to the 1st degree murder indictment against Berkley, a convicted robber. See Berkley or know where he is? Pls call 615-742-7463. pic.twitter.com/EWr8vwoKOm
— Metro Nashville PD (@MNPDNashville) November 7, 2019
As Washington got out of the car, he was shot, police said.
Robbery is believed to be the motive, according to police.
Anyone with information about Berkley's whereabouts is asked to call police at 615-742-7463.
Reach Natalie Neysa Alund at nalund@tennessean.com and follow her on Twitter @nataliealund.
Read or Share this story: https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/crime/2019/11/07/nashville-cold-case-man-indicted-in-2010-killing/2516316001/


Getty Images announcement today that it has put 35 Million of its 80 million images up for free is no surprise. Here's why .
The battle against copyright infringement has been lost : Between the ease to copy and publish, the rapid rise of various massive social media site, the sharing culture, the inefficacy of the industry to police and the overall carelessness of the public, defending copyright is a costly, ineffective battle. Going after hundreds of thousands ( if not millions) of bloggers, or just individuals sharing on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Whatsapp, Tumblr, blogs is an impossible task. Since there is no revenue, it is a draining exercise with no incentive. Take down notices does not pay your bills. Better make deals with social media platforms, like Getty did with Pinterest, and let the images flow.
Plunging prices is not a growth factor. For decades now, the price for images online has been plummeting. Between a race to the bottom competition amongst image providers and the massive influx of free images from UGC, there is no pressure to increase licensing prices. Quite the opposite. At a certain level, the cost of selling an image is higher than the licensing price. Getty, apparently, has reached that point. Why dedicate resources to selling images under your profit level? Sometimes something is not better than nothing.
Photography's real value: For a long time, the thinking was that the images themselves had value. And this is still true for some of them. However ever since we have been able to track images and their usage, the value of the image has shifted to its traction. By analyzing viewers reactions to the content of an image, we can create images that have much more impact. The first step is to capture this data. We wrote at length about this here.
The 80/20 rule: Only probably 20 % of the images that Getty represents bring them 80% of their revenue. So why apply the same pricing to all its collection when the vast majority of images probably never sell or if they do, it's for ridiculous amounts. Those 35 million images put up for free probably would have never seen the light of day. Getty Images, like all traditional stock agencies, is not in the long tail business but in the best seller business. The 20%. This move allows them to start harvesting the long tail.
Reduce and automate: Licensing images it is still a very manual hand-holding process, especially in the rights managed world. Furthermore, if you want to keep your prices high, you need higher quality service. It's a labor intensive process and it's a costly process. Thousands upon thousands of employees. That is not scalable. Getty has been battling this issue for many years now: how to grow without growing the headcount. Automation is the answer. Letting users pick and post images by themselves and getting revenue via ads will let them do this.
What will be the effect of Getty's decision on the overall image licensing market?
At first, nothing. It is such a bold, surprising move that no one will move. They will wait and see what happens while investigating their options. Most will not change, some will put a toe into a copycat model, and some might join them. But, because this service will primarily be used in the very low-end of the market space, one that has been underserved by everyone else, no one will be really affected. at first. If Getty manages to be successful in their attempt, it will be too late for any one else to replicate and beat them at their own game. They will have a first mover advantage that will stick.
No one in this space can really compete with Getty on this move. The only one would be Corbis due to their very large database, but their management has notoriously been so ineffective that it will take them years to process. Associated Press might follow suit, as lately, they have increased their competition against Getty. Both, however, have very different contributors' agreements that might forbid them to proceed the same way.
Either way, as long as Getty does not monetize this, it will probably have little to no effect on the marketplace since, the way it is set up, it is not useful for fortune 500's of publishing. However, Getty could easily come out with a pro version that will. If anything, Getty's announcement might give Shutterstock's stock a beating in trading for a few days.
The photo licensing world as we know it is not going to die because of this, at least not yet. Embedding images is a cumbersome process and Getty has voluntarily not made it easier. Unlike with video, it is not a necessary step with photos. Without any incentive, beside posting legal images – which, as we have seen, is not an incentive – it offers no real benefits for users. Adoption, in my experience ( We had offered this model years ago in a photo agency I used to run), will be low and small.
The big unknown here is how Getty contributors will react. Obviously, they will not see a penny for a while on this deal and some might get very upset that their images are being offered for free. There will certainly be a backlash that Getty certainly anticipates and are ready to handle. Their strategy here might be that they do not care if they leave ( after all, those are the images that do not sell well) or that they have nowhere else to go.
Getty's move, while seemingly bold, is in a fact, a natural evolution. The old method of image licensing, exchanging a penny against a file, is dying because it doesn't respond to market needs anymore. Everyone is a publisher today and everyone needs pictures. Denying them access to your library because of cost, or complicated licensing format, is not a successful approach. What you want is to give them the easiest tools possible for them to use your images easily and then reap the benefits. Facilitate usage first, collect revenue second. Because everything online can scale massively rapidly, even if each image brings a few pennies, it can add up to a large amount. And if you can keep cost low by automating, you have a winning proposition.
It is also natural for Getty to get access to usage data. Today photo licensing companies can only analyze buying patterns. Who buys what images. They are blind as far as how their images are used, and most importantly, how viewers react to them. Which, if you think of it, should be their number one concern. Collecting and analyzing that data in order to create a more calibrated offering is what a modern photo-licensing company should be doing. And what Getty is going after.
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Hi Paul, read your article in full, while thought provoking, I don't agree with many points.
Although this move doesn't affect me much, as I've only a small collection through Aurora (distributed through Getty). I do feel passionately for the rights of other photographers and feel this deal is in fact in detriment of these rights.
This move pulls the stick of control, much further from the content providers hands. It is widely accepted in the stock community that social media is a necessary evil of today's business. If you post images online and for sale, it is likely your image will land on social media where it will be reposted, saved, edited, cropped, distorted or worse.
This deal will surly increase the lack of control image providers already have in this already unstable market, and worse still, with little reassurance of any remittance from now and into the future.
If Getty felt the need to tap into this market, I believe it should have been done with a paid model similar to Yay's Steaming subscriptions. At least the suppliers would have a little something in return instead of a flat nothing.
Ryan, I understand why you are upset. The reality has been for a while that photo agencies have been moving away from what's good for their photographers to what's good for them. In fact, many years ago, Getty dropped the term Photo agency to a distributor. While they might have their contributors interest in sight, it is easily ignored for their own . Getty takes care of Getty first, contributors second. Business wise, this is perfectly normal. All successful companies proceed the same way.


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