In 2007 I visited my daughter Allison while she was studying abroad in Madrid. We went to the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía where I was introduced to a sculptor named Pablo Gargallo. I had never heard of him before, but was blown away by his work. In fact, when I came home I enrolled for my first ever sculpture class because of that experience. On Point, my first work in stainless steel, is a direct result of this encounter with the Spanish sculptor.
I had a lot of help in making this piece come to life. My nephew Matthew Kroner, who is a very talented industrial designer and a principal of Fire & Bone, assisted me with some 3D rendering and prints to help me flush out the details. And my good friend from Cheviot, Ohio, Joe Deluco, worked with me to fabricate the final product.
"Standing Abstract" is an open edition and is available for purchase if you or someone you know is interested.
The link below is a video of a number of the earlier iterations (there were about a dozen total) of the piece created in foam core. Music by my brother Mark.
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text:
Q: apt-get via ssh-tunnel if only port 22 is allowed I have a server which has only access to the outer world via port 22 (for the use of ssh from the server to other computers).
I want to install some packages via apt-get on this server.
Can I achive this with a ssh-tunnel to my super-machine which has internet access on all ports?
If so, how? Because if I start a tunnel via ssh to my super-machine, the super-machine has its sshd waiting on port 22. I assume that I cannot reuse this same port 22 for the tunneling, can I?
Is there another solution?

A: Try to run it via ssh socks proxy:
echo 'Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://localhost:3128/";' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf
ssh -CND localhost:3128 user@remote.host

in another terminal session:
sudo apt-get whatever you need

A: I couldn't get the other answer to work.
I have a raspberry pi in the network of a customer who blocks port 80. So I installed polipo (a socks/http proxy) on my own maschine, connect with ssh on that raspberry pi and while doing so create a tunnel to polipo-proxy.
To install polipo (I use this on a Ubuntu 16.04 maschine):
sudo apt install polipo

This will serve on 127.0.0.8123 which is good enough for our needs. Connect to the remote maschine while also opening a tunnel:
ssh -R 8123:localhost:8123 myuser@client_maschine02

Now you need to tell apt to use the proxy. I do this with this command:
echo 'Acquire::http::proxy "http://localhost:8123";' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf

Now you are ready to use apt as usual.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Why no recycling at apartments?
Why don't apartment complexes in Torrance have recycling bins? Why hasn't the city made it a requirement to help the environment?
Torrance is looking into providing recycling services for multifamily dwellings but is still addressing several considerations, such as how it would affect the 20 or so companies that provide trash-hauling services in the city.
Torrance categorizes apartment complexes, like businesses, as part of the commercial sector, which means they are served by private haulers. In a December 2007 Ask Us column, Alison Sherman, Torrance's waste management coordinator, explained that refuse pickup in the commercial sector operates under an open system in Torrance, meaning waste haulers compete for the business.
A Torrance ordinance requires commercial waste haulers to meet mandatory waste reduction requirements, the city's Web site says.
You might want to contact the waste hauler for your apartment complex to inquire about the availability and price of recycling services.
A page on the city's Web site lists a number of recycling options for city residents without Torrance recycling services. Those options include a list of recycling companies in the area along with the list of commercial waste haulers licensed in the city. For more information, go to www.torrnet.com/9252.htm.
The company with which the city contracts for its recycling services also has a free drop-off day for all Torrance residents. Smurfit-Stone Recycling at 20502 S. Denker Ave., Harbor Gateway, accepts all the items taken in the city's curbside recycling program from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturdays.


text:
Entain plc
GVC IM00B5VQMV65
(GVC)
Delayed London Stock Exchange - 01/14 11:35:04 am
1706.5 GBX -1.16%
01/14 ENTAIN : _
01/14 ENTAIN : Notice of BetMGM update
01/14 BETMGM AND ARIZONA CARDINALS REVEAL FIRST LOOK AT BETMGM SPORTSBOOK COMING TO STATE FARM STADIUM; Sports betting leader to debut two-story dining-and-entertainment destination in conjunction with 2022 NFL season
Entain : Foundation U.S. Sponsors NBA Legend Charles Oakley's "Oak Out Hunger" Community Project
Entain Foundation U.S. Sponsors NBA Legend Charles Oakley's "Oak Out Hunger" Community Project
Responsible gambling education programs to join community services led by Oakley for underprivileged communities in major American Cities
The Entain Foundation U.S., the not-for-profit charitable trust of Entain, is to sponsor an initiative led by retired NBA legend Charles Oakley to include education in responsible gambling with other forms of support to impoverished, underprivileged communities facing hunger, addiction, and economic challenges in cities across the U.S.
The Entain Foundation U.S. sponsorship will provide both funding and expertise in preventing and mitigating problem gambling to the Oak Out Hunger initiative. It means that, for the first time, education in responsible gambling will sit alongside other valuable and worthwhile community services provided by the Charles Oakley Foundation, including anti-addiction and education programs.
Early next year this program will operate in U.S. cities including Los Angeles, New York, Buffalo, Philadelphia and New Orleans - coinciding with major sporting events including the Super Bowl and March Madness, the college basketball tournament. In addition, the campaign will visit further cities and towns also home to universities including Indiana University, the University of Michigan and Michigan State, Ohio State, Penn State, Rutgers, West Virginia and Tennessee.
"As sports betting takes off across many U.S. states, we're committed to do all we can to ensure that people only bet what they can afford - which is especially important in more deprived communities," said Martin Lycka, Entain senior vice president for American regulatory affairs and responsible gambling, and trustee of the Entain Foundation U.S. "The Oak Out Hunger campaign is truly unique - and effective - in providing essential services to impoverished and underprivileged urban communities across the U.S. The Oakley Foundation is an ideal partner to help us reach those in most need with education on responsible gambling."
"It's all about giving back to people who are trying to get through life," Charles Oakley said. "I go all over. And you see people hanging out on the streets, nowhere to get a meal, some of whom use what little money they have to fund addictions. Our program is about helping to break that cycle. Give them a chance and a good meal. Meet some different people and have a good time."
With the Entain Foundation US sponsorship, the Charles Oakley Foundation and Oak Out Hunger campaign join other nationally and globally recognized partners who collaborate with Entain to prevent and combat potentially harmful behaviors among at-risk populations.
Entain and its two sister foundations, the Entain Foundation and the Entain Foundation U.S., operate some of the world's most innovative and comprehensive portfolios of programs designed to prevent and mitigate problem gambling. For example, a free app, developed by Entain, called "Gamble Responsibly America," is available through the App Store and Google Play, with no branding or commercial promotion.
The Entain Foundation U.S. is a first-of-its-kind non-profit organization dedicated to promoting responsible gambling, sports integrity and corporate compliance in the U.S. The Foundation was launched in 2019 by the Entain Global Foundation and the Entain Group. Entain is the leading global sports betting, gaming and interactive entertainment operator, which jointly owns BetMGM in the U.S.
Media - Entain plc
Tessa Curtis, Head of Group PR & Media Relations
Jay Dossetter, Head of ESG and Press Office
Jodie Hitch, PR Manager
media@entaingroup.com
tessa.curtis@entaingroup.com
jay.dossetter@entaingroup.com
jodie.hitch@entaingroup.com
Entain Foundation US:
David Klucsik, Princeton Strategic Communications
david@princetonsc.com
About the Entain Foundation U.S.
Trustees of the Entain Foundation US include Entain's Martin Lycka, former New York Giants wide receiver and Super Bowl Champion Amani Toomer and international gambling regulatory expert Bill Pascrell III, a partner at Princeton Public Affairs Group. The Entain Foundation US also sponsors a variety of information and education programs on problem gambling for professional athletes, collegiate athletes, coaches and teams at 40 U.S colleges and universities and several associated leagues. Globally, the Entain Foundation has committed more than $100 million to responsible gambling programs over the next five years. https://entainfoundation-us.com/
About Entain plc
Entain plc (LSE: ENT) is a FTSE100 company and is one of the world's largest sports-betting and gaming groups, operating both online and in the retail sector. The Group owns a comprehensive portfolio of established brands; Sports Brands include bwin, Bet.pt, Coral, Crystalbet, Eurobet, Ladbrokes, Neds and Sportingbet; Gaming Brands include CasinoClub, Foxy Bingo, Gala, Gioco Digitale, Ninja Casino, Optibet, partypoker and PartyCasino. The Group owns proprietary technology across all its core product verticals and in addition to its B2C operations provides services to a number of third-party customers on a B2B basis.
The Group has a joint-venture with MGM Resorts International creating a leader, BetMGM, in sports betting and iGaming in the US. Entain provides the technology which powers BetMGM and exclusive games and products, specially developed at its in-house gaming studios. The Group is tax resident in the UK with licenses in a total of 27 regulated markets. Entain is a leader in ESG, a member of FTSE4Good, the DJSI and is AA rated by MSCI. The Group has set a science-based target, committing to be carbon net zero by 2035 and through the Entain Foundation supports a variety of initiatives, focusing on safer gambling, grassroots sport, diversity in technology and community projects.
For more information see the Group's website: www.entaingroup.com
About the Charles Oakley Foundation
The Charles Oakley Foundation is a nonprofit organization focused on helping make the world around us a better, happier place. With the help of our tireless staff, friends and partners, we focus on helping impoverished and underprivileged communities. In 2020, the Charles Oakley Foundation launched the Oak Out Hunger campaign which has provided thousands of meals and other social services to impoverished families in such cities as Cleveland (Oakley's hometown), New York, Los Angeles, and other major American cities. Founder Charles Oakley played power forward for 19 seasons (1985-2004) in the NBA including 10 seasons with the New York Knicks (1988-98) where he was named an NBA all-star in 1994. Since his 2004 retirement, Oakley has spent much of his time giving back to society by cooking and serving the homeless, combining his passions for working in the kitchen and giving back. Additionally, Oakley is the coach of the Killer 3s, which plays in the BIG3 league co-founded by Ice Cube. For more information, see the Foundation's website: https://charlesoakleyfoundation.org
Entain plc published this content on 18 November 2021 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 18 November 2021 14:22:12 UTC.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
From Paris, a Big Kiss to Nixon and (Anthony) Kennedy
By Eban Goodstein
In the three years leading to the ongoing Paris climate negotiations, the world has witnessed a truly big pivot. Back in 2012, business-as-usual global warming pollution was set to heat the world up 8 degrees Fahrenheit by century's end. Neither of the two biggest polluters, the U.S. or China, had put serious policies in place to address the crisis. But now, if the commitments being made here in Paris are carried through, that 8-degree number will be cut to 6 degrees Fahrenheit.
First, the U.S. came to the table. President Barack Obama issued EPA-mandated cuts from two big sectors, vehicles in 2012 and electric power in August of this year. With the U.S. commitments made, China's leaders stepped up, motivated by a rising middle class demanding an end to the worst urban air pollution in the world. China pledged to cap coal use by 2020, and cap global warming pollution starting in 2030.
In China, domestic politics focused on cleaning up the air drove the big pivot. In the U.S., by contrast, increasingly fierce partisan division over action on climate change has produced nothing but legislative gridlock on climate. Blocked in Congress, Obama had to turn to a 45-year-old law, the Clean Air Act (CAA), as a basis for action.
Progress in Paris can thus be traced back to Republican President Richard Nixon. In 1970, Nixon signed the CAA, and also the legislation creating the EPA. The original CAA had nothing to do with global warming. Back then, no one besides a few scientists had even heard of it. Instead, like in China today, the focus was on urban smog and toxic air pollution. The CAA gave the newly created EPA the authority and the responsibility to ensure that industry was not putting dangerous materials into the air. The EPA went to work, and over the next two decades, air quality in U.S. cities improved dramatically.
Fast forward to 2007. Climate change had been a global issue for two decades, and yet the U.S. had passed no laws to regulate global warming pollution. Frustrated by the U.S. failure to lead on climate, the Attorney General of Massachusetts, joined by other states, sued the EPA. The suit argued that carbon dioxide and other global warming gasses were "dangerous pollutants," and therefore, under the 1970 CAA, the EPA was obligated to start regulating global warming emissions. The case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, and in a 5-4 decision, the Court agreed: Global warming gasses were indeed dangerous pollutants, and the EPA was ordered to regulate. As in many recent cases, Justice Anthony Kennedy, a Reagan appointee, was the swing vote.
This decision, leveled against the Bush EPA, led eventually to the 2012 Obama EPA regulation requiring a doubling of the fuel efficiency of U.S. cars, to 55 miles per gallon by 2025. And in 2015, the EPA finalized regulations requiring the electric power sector to reduce emissions by 32 percent below 2005 level by 2030. Together, these two U.S. commitments brought China to the table, and have led in turn to the international agreement now being ratified in Paris that can shave 2 degrees off of the planetary warming our grandkids will experience.
A big kiss then goes out from Paris to President Nixon and Judge Kennedy. These Republican politicians represent a historic, deep bipartisan American tradition supporting environmental protection and resource conservation. Lost as we have become in the bitter partisanship of the Tea-Party era, it is hard to imagine that, as recently as 2008, both major contenders for the Republican presidential nomination, John McCain and Mitt Romney, at one point expressed support for climate regulation. Pragmatic bipartisan cooperation on environmental protection was a proud hallmark of U.S. politics throughout the 20th century.
In the face of the civilizational challenge of a destabilized climate, can we recapture this tradition of American support across party lines for stewardship of the earth? To sustain momentum, we have to. In the short term, Obama's Paris pledge can be undone as early as November 2016, depending on the outcome of U.S. elections. Congress could exempt global warming pollution from the Clean Air Act, or a president opposed to climate action could slow-walk implementation of the EPA global warming regulations. If the U.S. backs down from Paris, so too will China, India and the rest of the world.
Over the medium term, we need to get 6 degrees Fahrenheit down to 4 degrees. The Clean Air Act, while a good start, cannot provide deep enough cuts from the U.S. to get us there. Post 2020, clean energy votes from both parties, in both houses of Congress, will be needed to avert the catastrophic consequences of a planet headed to 6 degrees Fahrenheit and beyond.
Why 2020? And how do we get from a deeply partisan here to a bipartisan there? More on that in my next post.
Image credit: Flickr/Bernd Schüttke
Eban Goodstein is an economist and is Director of the MBA in Sustainability and the Center for Environmental Policy at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, NY.


text:
Port of Trieste: warning of the IPR FTT to the Port Authority, the Municipality, and the Region
Trieste, 24 February 2021 – Today (24.2) the I.P.R. F.T.T. – International Provisional Representative of the Free Territory of Trieste has notified to the heads of the Municipality of Trieste, of the Port Authority, and of the Region a warning, in English and in Italian, against the drafting, signing, and enforcement of agreements that would constitute a «breach of the provisions of paragraphs 618 and 619 of art. 1 of Law No. 190/2014, as integrated under art. 1, paragraph 66 letter b) of Law No. 205/2017» (LINK).
It is the provisions of law that establish the constraints on the destination of both the assets of the Northern Free Port (also called "porto vecchio", the old port), which were transferred to the available properties of the Municipality, and that of the revenues deriving from their sale. The warning notices that those laws bound the Municipality to sell these assets and to transfer all revenues to the Port Authority, which is itself bound to re-invest these revenues in the development of the international Free Port of Trieste.
The I.P.R. F.T.T. claims that the contents of the Agreement on the subject, as anticipated to the press in recent days by Mayor Dipiazza, would constitute «a surreptitious attempt, by involving also the Region, to consolidate and provide a further cover-up» breaches of law that are systematically committed by the Municipal Administration, which, since 2019, are under pending, «renewed and supplemented» criminal complaints.
The warning was also sent, for information, to the Commissioner of the Government and Prefect of Trieste, to the Prosecutor of the Republic in Trieste, and to the Questore – Chief of the Police of Trieste, and specifies that «the year-long, continuing» pf those breaches of law was also «brought to the attention of the competent, central [anticorruption] investigative offices».
Author of the English version: Silvia Verdoljak.
© 24 Febbraio 2021


text:
Cliff Richard - Rare and Unseen
Available on DVD July 27
Cliff Richard "Rare and Unseen" takes an inside look at the talented, charismatic, singer-songwriter and actor who dominated the British popular music scene in the late 1950s and early 1960s, before and during The Beatles' first year in the charts.
From his UK chart-topping successes to being a TV and film personality, Richard has certainly made his mark in the entertainment industry. He played, he recorded and conquered the planet for five decades - and he is the only artist to have had a number one single in the UK in five consecutive decades, doing so from the 1950s through to the 1990s.
This brand new DVD release is a collection of rare footage featuring original rare film and videos of the singer, newsreels and photographs from private collections.
· Newcastle City Hall religious special - Thought lost and now restored
· Russell Harty Interviews - Two in depth conversations with the much loved and missed 'King of ITV chat shows'
· London Tonight - Cliff on the top of a London bus, broadcast once on local TV News
· The Tube - Shown once and never repeated
· Meet the Public - Cliff Answers Questions
· Rock Gospel - Thought wiped, now found - the faith based rock show that rocked the Church
· Cliff and The Shadows interviewed on their Reunion Tour
Available from See of Sound


Last weekend (28th-29th of septmber 2013) we were kindly invited to take part in this years 'Upnorthfest' in Sunderland, in the north of the UK.
Upnorthfest is the Norths version of Upfest which usually takes part in Bristol every summer. The Upnorthfest is a festival of celebrating street and graffiti art which takes part in Southport and Sunderland. The festival organised by the super sound Frank Styles of Sunderland brought together some great artists from around the UK, painting on 16walls, 7 buildings, and 21 boards over 3 days.
Some of the dope artists included: Kelzo, Irony, Inch, Sune, Razeone, Eyes, Toupe, T rex, Eyes, Id-iom, The super fun Girls on top crew and many more including myself.
I rolled up to the festival on Saturday morning after finding a rather hungover familiar face(Daddy Sune) on the newcastle metro system. We caught up on graffiti, drunken antics, tales and creative projects on our way to Sunderland…Sune was a big inspiration growing up in the city of Leeds, he's probably one of the greatest writers in country, but still humble as ever.
After getting shown to my spot I commenced unpacking my seriously over stacked paint out of my several bags…I managed to hold onto the scaffold for the day to get the top elements of my 'Earth Problems' piece painted up.
Throughout the day I met many new people, writers, excited passers by, some old friends and a quite a few 'Eject'/ep crew fans, some of which had already purchased a few of our dope tees!! Big ups to everyone who we chilled with and chatted to while painting this piece…big ups Nickos, Razeone, Frank Stlyes, Pepsie, Vigo, Burn, and many more!!
About a month ago I posted on here and our social medias about a kickstarter project to fund a book about about gaming. The book is called: Every Day is Play. 'A celebration of the video game' and is as it says on the tin a celebration of all things video games and gaming.
The project created by Matt & Emma two designers/artworkers/consultants and nintendo addicts!!! The book features allsorts of cool interesting contents such as interviews, design, illustration from video game/design goliath's such as Konami, Build, Buro destruct, The Designers Republic, and many more.
This kickstarter project reached over £10,000 more than expected through various bloggers, gamers, and lots of hard graft and hustle from Matt & Emma. Big ups to Matt and Emma for reaching the goal and to everybody who contributed a few sheckles to the cause.
I'm really looking forward to getting my copy when its available !! So power up that 64bit, eat a mushroom, collect ya self a gold coin, grab a lil' flag and give your buddy a hardooken high five!!
Super cool collaboration between two great creatives :Andrè and Collette (paris) redesigning the iconic Orangina bottle.
Andrè (monsieur hat) has used his worldwide recognised characters to make the Orangina bottle into a super cool character.
This is a super cool collaboration …defo think we'll be purchasing one for the studio!!
This weekend our Liverpool based buddy 'Beta' of TDA klan called us up to see if I wanted some of the Yorkshire massive down to Liverpool…they all flopped apart from myself and fellow can technician Ziel…So we caught a early morning lift to Liverpool via the National depressed.
It's always good to go back to my old stomping/stamping grounds to see the scouseside writers!! Many of the younger wave of writers were influenced by some of my demon buddies throughout their cool city…and seeing these guys now painting and painting burners is really good to see. Top chaps the lot of em!!
Ziel and I then met up with Beta and Cruel and commenced to prime our wall in the nasty British rain…Several soaked sketchbooks later, a few knocked over Heinekens and soggy rizlas later we persevered through the rain and painted a nice wall.
Big ups to Beta, Cruel, Ziel, Fish, Nate, Sy, and any others who I have forgot. Good day, now to dry off the sketchbook!
Just found out KAWS redesigned the MTV VMA's moonman and graphics. I'm a lil slow on the mark on things like the VMA's…We stopped watching years ago when weak videos were winning over the likes of Video Legends such as 'Spike Jonze' .
Saying that though it's dope to see Kaws stealing the show with his dope character. We've been big fans of Kaws ever since we first his works and It's crazy to see KAWS redesigning the VMA moonman, that's big things for the graffiti community.
Big ups Kaws keep smashing the world!!
The first installment of our Ejecto's – Performer Sessions brought to you in collaboration with Ejecto's clothing/lifestyle company. Featuring DJ/Turntabilist P-Nuts from the North-west of the UK, Bboy and beatmaker, who's been rocking some pretty dope sets the past few months.
Good friend of Ejecto's P-nuts gives those DJ toys a run for their money with these beat jugglin' powermoves.
P-nuts was first introduced to Ejecto's on a random hiphop hookup between friends and fellow graf writers…we we're sent to Bulgaria to give locals a taste of British graffiti and breakdancing.
P-nuts is good friend to the Ejecto's fam and always rocks a serious hiphop set…lover of 90's 'real' hiphop…we're gunna be seeing more of P-nuts!!
"Ejecto's is a clothing, design and lifestyle brand from the U.K, which launched in mid 2012 and is the creation of a underground U.K graffiti artist who goes by the name of 'Eject'.
In the past 8 months since Ejecto's launched, we have gained a good solid following of customers, who always come back for more, we have love from people such as Maxi Jazz (faithless), plus many up and coming mc's, dj's, producers, bboys, forward thinkers, designers and fans of Eject's design and underground graffiti ARE SHOUTING THE BRANDS PRAISES.
Ejecto's is a energetic brand with a massive focus on quality, colour combinations, fun, design and illustration…and when our trademark demons are involved there's always a bit of quirkyness or rebellion put into the mix .
Our roots deeply IMBEDDED in hiphop, skate, graffiti, reggae and even punkculture…basically anything with youthful rebellion. Our inspiration comes from typography, characters/cartoons, fast food culture, breaking the system, mass consumerism, cereal packaging, free toys, BUY now PAY for it later, advertising signs, sticker packs, panini stickers, holograms, 3d glasses, hand painted signs, street –observations and slogans with strong or quirky meanings.
We create a experience that is missing with online sales, all our products are sent out in cool EjectPacks!! which are stitched sealed and hand stamped…these are work's of art in themselves and arrive with badges, stickers or other cool bits.
Our online store offers free monthly mixtapes from some well known and up and coming artists such as Maxi Jazz(Faithless), LSK and many others, which are exclusive only to Ejecto's …it's kinda all going off really".


Ok, Kathy threw a monkey wrench in today challenge! The topic is "Vegetable", ugh! Don't get me wrong I love to eat vegetable but how the heck can I blog about something that includes motorcycle and vegetable in the same topic?
Originally, I already had a post ready to go in the morning. I was trying to get ahead and couldn't think of anything inspiring to write about. So I was going to cheat and post a link of another blogger's post about motorcycle and vegetable. He is a sushi chef with a passion for motorcycle and culinary art. So, he made sculpture of motorcycle using vegetables.
However, this morning, I had "aha" moment and knew what I should have written about. As you know, I have a geeky obsession with roadside oddities and attractions. During my trip, I have posted many pictures of places I have seen using an app/website called www.roadsideamerica.com.
I have to thank my sister-in-law, Linda for the introduction to this app. Just like her brother, Russ, she has affinity to anything weird and quirky. So when I made a stop to her place in Ohio on my trip, we spent the day sightseeing using the RoadsideAmerica app. One of the places we stopped at is the Field of Giant Corn Cobs in Dublin, OH. The park host 109 life-sized (8 feet tall) concrete ears of corn. The place is a tribute to Sam Frantz, an inventor of several hybrid corn species.
Just like a monkey wrench, you just never know where you might come across a vegetable while out riding on a motorcycle.
You are correct! It was just a writer block with trying to be creative with an unusal topic.
I never knew about the corn park!
Yeah I kind of figured but it's more fun and challenging trying to.


text:
COVERING AN AREA roughly the size of CONNECTICUT, Okavango is the largest inland DELTA in the world. It is located in north-central BOTSWANA in the middle of the KALAHARI DESERT and is formed by the Cubango and Cuito rivers flowing out of mountains in ANGOLA and into the Okavango River.
Okavango covers a swampy depression that was once a prehistoric lake. The northern part of the swamp is always wet with lots of papyrus growing in it and covers about 2,320 square mi (6,000 square km) of the Okavango area. A small shelf of sediment about 16 ft (5 m) high from the Kalahari confines the delta here. The southern part of Okavango fills seasonally during the rains and covers another 2,700 square mi (7,000 sq km) and up to 4,630 square mi (12,000 sq km) depending on how much rainfall they get each year. In this area the delta branches out into three main channels: the Thaoge to the west, the Jao/Boro in the center, and the Nqoga/Maunachira to the east. Average water depth in the swamps of Okavango are about 5 ft (1.6 m). Much of this area is also covered in vegetation that grows profusely due to the rich silt constantly being brought in by the Cubango and Cuito Rivers. These rivers bring a flood of water during the rainy season peaking in March or April. The water is really a blessing to this area since otherwise the delta would only get about 19 in (50 cm) of rain per year. It would have turned into part of the Kalahari Desert long ago were in not for the water flowing into the area. Only 2 percent of water in Okavango actually flows out of the delta area via the Boteti River. This is due to the huge amount of evaporation that occurs in this area. More than 72 in (180 cm) of water evaporate each year because of the average daily temperatures of 86.7 degrees F (30.4 degrees C) in Okavango. The papyrus is well adapted to this type of climate and is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth. It has spread throughout Okavango, sending seeds downstream to become new plants. Papyrus forms beds, which become their own islands in the swamps of Okavango, towering overhead like a jungle.
The upper region of Okavango that is permanent swamp is often called the Panhandle portion of the delta. The region below this is a broad and slightly fanlike area with a gentle slope to it. At the edge of this fan area, there are two major depressions: the Mababe Depression in the east and Lake Ngami, which is currently dry, in the west. In response to the amount of silt in the area, the dense vegetation, shifting of the Earth's crust, and the constantly moving water, over time Okavango's delta has changed shape. Both of these areas contained actual lakes in the past and are now wide grassy areas with rich soil where the Damara people of the region herd sheep and cattle.
Okavango is an extension of the East African Rift System of faults. Two parallel fault lines in the Panhandle confine the upper portion of the delta where the Okavango River enters the Kalahari Basin. The Thamalakane and Kunyere faults define the southeast limit of the delta. At 125 mi (200 km) long, the Thamalakane fault acts like a natural dam from which the Boteti River flows out of the delta. The parallel Gomare fault, a continuation of the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa, runs southwest to northeast at the southern end of the Panhandle.
After passing through this fault, the swamps then branch out in the alluvial fan formation of the rest of Okavango's delta. The rift between the Gomare and Thamalakane faults is what is believed to have originally formed the geographical basis for the Okavango delta of today. This whole area supports a wide variety of wildlife. In the swampy Panhandle area live hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and predatory fish along with other smaller species of fish, numerous invertebrates, and thousands of insects. The crocodiles of this area can grow to extraordinary size because they have a tendency to feed on larger mammals that graze along the delta's floodplains. In the Panhandle are many areas of exposed sandbanks that serve as a breeding ground for the Okavango's crocodiles and several African birds including the graceful skimmers and the magnificent Pel's fishing owl.
During the dry time in the delta, huge herds of large mammals migrate in to take advantage of the plentiful grasses. Elephants, buffalo, zebra, wildebeest, impala, bushbuck, warthog, eland, impala, gnu, springbok, and various other antelope come here by the hundreds and thousands, followed by their natural predators, such as lions, leopards, and the nomadic tribal hunters of the area. There are birds of almost every species here, including geese, ducks, teal, bitterns, egrets, ibises, flamingos, and hundreds of other waterfowl. It is said that the game viewing here is better than in the Serengeti of Kenya and Tanzania.
Ob-Irtysh River
Nile River
Niger River
Mackenzie-Peace River
Loire River
Lena River


text:
ECS Project Manager supports young people as STEM Ambassador
Companies involved in engineering and technology have a responsibility to help develop the next generation of scientists, mathematicians and engineers, offering them an insight into career possibilities. ECS Project Manager, Wes Draycott, is supporting the future aspirations of young people in his role as a STEM Ambassador. Wes dedicates his time to visiting local schools to pass on the vital skills needed for a future career in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).
Recently, Wes called in at Wilsthorpe Community School as STEM Ambassador for Derbyshire Education Business Partnership (DEBP), to conduct a series of mock interviews with Year 11 pupils. The process helps students prepare for professional interviews when they enter the world of work, with ambassadors providing feedback on strengths and areas for improvement.
Wes commented: "Having had an extended period away from volunteering due to COVID restrictions, it felt good to get back into putting something back into the community and having the support of ECS. It is always very satisfying work to help a group of young persons in the early steps of their careers."
STEM Ambassadors are volunteers who provide their expertise free of charge. The programme is delivered by STEM Learning, with over 37,000 ambassadors backed by a network of 17 hubs. With the uptake of STEM subjects at universities growing – supporting aspiring young people is more important than ever.
Steve Crapper, Precontracts Director at ECS Engineering Services added: "As an electromechanical engineering company, it's important that we support the next generation of engineers with knowledge and opportunities. The volunteer work carried out by Wes is not only important for the industry, but our business too. Developing young talent through apprenticeships and jobs means we can develop our engineering services further, while providing opportunities in the local community."
A leading engineering services provider to the water, construction and nuclear sectors, ECS has recently supported young learners directly by donating to the #wemakeICTpossible campaign, which aims to reduce digital poverty for children in the Mansfield and Ashfield area.
The business also offers multiple apprenticeship opportunities. To learn more, contact ECS direct here.
Image 1: Wes called in at Wilsthorpe Community School as STEM Ambassador for Derbyshire Education Business Partnership (DEBP)
About ECS Engineering Services
ECS Engineering Services has over 30 years experience in delivering high quality, reliable and cost effective engineering solutions, specialising in bespoke design and construction of water, energy and environmental processing and management projects.
In conjunction with key supply partners, ECS has the expertise and capacity to design and install a wide range of water control engineering projects. With in-house fabrication services, which have CE Marking approval to EXC4, well equipped and highly skilled engineers can also complete structural steelwork, bespoke fabrication work and access metalwork to the highest standard.
With a complete range of site services available, ECS offers a full turnkey project managed service for mechanical and electrical installations including managing civils contractors and supplying pipework, control and automation work to ensure that every installation is installed and commissioned to the highest standard. Existing clients include the majority of the UK Water Utility companies, Government Agencies and Internal Drainage Boards.
Editorial Contact: Jake Lacey-Watts
ECS Engineering Services: Steve Crapper
Web: http://www.ecsengineeringservices.com
Email: scrapper@ecseng.co.uk
Address: Fulwood Road South, Sutton-In-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, NG17 2JZ, United Kingdom


text:
\section{Introduction}

Let us begin by an introductory exemple, which consists in translating the constraint $5 x_1 + 3 \overline{x_2} + x_3 \leq 8$ into a \textsc{cnf} formula. At first, an input model must be created as follows:

\begin{lstlisting}
    InputModel m = new InputModel();
\end{lstlisting}

Then, the three variables $x_1, x_2, x_3$ can be created as an array of instances of the class \texttt{Variable}.

\begin{lstlisting}
    Variable[] x = new Variable[3];
    for(int i=0; i<3; i++) x[i] =  new Variable();
\end{lstlisting}

The input constraint is composed of literals that can be produced from the variables. Each literal is an instance of the class \texttt{Literal}.

\begin{lstlisting}
    Literal[] lits = new Literal[3];
    lits[0] = x[0].getPosLit();
    lits[1] = x[1].getNegLit();
    lits[2] = x[2].getPosLit();
\end{lstlisting}

Before to create the input constraint, we have to define the coefficients related to each literal and the tag that will be assigned to this constraint. Note that it is allowed to assign several tags to the same constraint. For example, \texttt{setTags(1,3)} will assigns the tags 1 and 3 to the upcoming constraints that will be created until the next call of \texttt{setTags}.

\begin{lstlisting}
   int[] coeffs = {5,3,1};
   setTags(1);
\end{lstlisting}

To complete the building of the input model, it only remains to create the input constraint, which is simplified by using the static factory method \texttt{makeLeq}, and add it to the model.

\begin{lstlisting}
    Constraint q = makeLeq(coeffs,lits,8);
    m.addConstraint(q);
\end{lstlisting}

At this time, the input model is created. It can be print to the screen for verification purpose.

\begin{lstlisting}
    System.out.println(m.toString());
\end{lstlisting}

Now, the input model must be translated to an output problem, namely a \textsc{cnf} formula. This suppose to create an instance of the class \texttt{CNFProlem} in the following way:

\begin{lstlisting}
    OutputProblem out = new CNFProblem();
\end{lstlisting}

Now, suppose that we want to encode the input constraint (which is marked with the tag 1) redundantly with two encoders. We have to create an instance of each of these encoders, and to assign these encoders to the tag 1. As a consequence, each constraint of the input model tagged with 1 will be translated using these two encoders.

\begin{lstlisting}
    Encoder2cnf direct = new CNFdirectEncoder();
    Encoder2cnf bdd = new CNFbddEncoder();
    out.assignEncoder(1,direct);
    out.assignEncoder(1,bdd);
\end{lstlisting}

The translation process will be achieved by reading the input model thanks to the method \texttt{read} of the output problem.

\begin{lstlisting}
    out.read(m);
\end{lstlisting}

The resulting \textsc{cnf} formula is given in \textsc{dimacs} format by the method \texttt{getOutput}.

\begin{lstlisting}
    System.out.print(out.getOutput());
\end{lstlisting}

For example, if only the encoder \texttt{CNFdirectEncoder} is used, the result is the following:

\begin{lstlisting}
    p cnf 3 1
    -1 2 -3 0
\end{lstlisting}

This encoder produces an exponential number of clauses in the general case, but can produce quite compact outputs from small input constraints. The currently available encoders will be described in section \ref{sect-encoders}.

To conclude this brief presentation, let us mention that \textsc{BoolVar} also provide a class \texttt{PBproblem} and an encoder \texttt{PBbasicEncoder} allowing to produce the output problem as an instance of pseudo-Boolean satisfiability with the \textsc{opb} format. This allows a same input problem to be solved either using a \textsc{sat} solver and a pseudo-Boolean satisfiability solver, in order to compare the performances and the relevance of the two approaches.

\section{Description}

This section presents the main aspects and resources of \textsc{BoolVar/pb} from the user side and as well as a short description of its internal structure.

\subsection{Architecture}

Figure \ref{fig-archi} presents the architecture of the \textsc{BoolVar/pb} library, which can be decomposed in three parts: the input block, the output block, ans the internal block.

\begin{figure}[position]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{user-boolvar.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The architecture of \textsc{BoolVar/pb}\label{fig-archi}}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{The input block}

This part includes the classes allowing the user to create and specify an input problem.

\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{InputModel}]~

The container for the input constraints. Its constructor must be used to create a new input problem where the input constraints will be added thank to the method \texttt{addConstraint}.

\item[\texttt{Constraint}]~

An interface requiring that any input constraint implements a method \texttt{addTag}, which allows to assign tags to constraints.

\item[\texttt{GenericConstraint}]~

An abstract class which implements the tag management system, which is the same for any input constraint.

\item[\texttt{PseudoBooleanLeqConstraint}]~

A pseudo-Boolean inequality constraint of the form $a_1 x_1 + \cdots + a_n x_n \leq b$, where $x_1, \ldots, x_n$ are propositional literals (i.e., Boolean variables or negated Boolean variables), $a_1, \ldots, a_n$ and $b_n$ are positive integers. The instances of this class can be created in two ways : (1) using the provided constructors and building methods, or (2) using the static factory method \texttt{Boolvar.makeLeq}.

\item[\texttt{Literal}]~

The building block for input constraints. A literal can be produces either by using the constructor of this class, or by using the methods \texttt{getNegLit} and \texttt{getPosLit} of the class \texttt{Variable}.

\item[\texttt{Variable}]~

A representation for the propositional variables that are used both in the input and in the output constraints.
\end{description}

\subsubsection{The output block}

This part includes the classes allowing the user to specify the output problem, as wall as the way to produce this problem from the input constraints.

\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{OutputProblem}]~

This interface specify the methods that must be implemented in any kind of output problems: \texttt{assignEncoder}, \texttt{read}, and \texttt{getOutput}.

\item[\texttt{CNFproblem}]~

A representation for \textsc{cnf} output problems. Basically, any instance of this class contains a set of encoders and a string that will be receive the result of the translation. The internal methods ensures the translation process.

\item[\texttt{PBproblem}]~

A representation of a pseudo-Boolean output problem in the same way of the class \texttt{CNFproblem}. This class allows to produce an instance of the input problem in a form that allows to solve it using a pseudo-Boolean satisfiability solver.

\item[\texttt{Encoder}]~

This interface represents an encoder, i.e., a class that contains the resources for translating constraints.

\item[\texttt{Encoder2cnf}]~

This interface represents an encoder which produces a \textsc{cnf} formula as output. The available implementations will be presented in section \ref{sect-encoders}.

\item[\texttt{Encoder2pb}]~

This interface represents an encoder which produces a list of pseudo-Boolean constraints as output.

\item[\texttt{PBbasicEncoder}]~

This encoder puts the input problem in a format that allows it to be solved using a pseudo-Boolean satisfiability solver.
\end{description}

\subsubsection{The internal block}

This part includes the internal resources allowing the communication between the input and the output block, as well as the implementation of the translation process.

\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{RawConstraint}]~

The internal representation for input constraints. Any class which implements the interface \texttt{Constraint} must provide a method producing an array of such internal constraints. Currently, any instance of the class\texttt{ PseudoBooleanLeqConstraint} produces only one instance of \texttt{RawConstraint}, but a class \texttt{PseudoBooleanEqConstraint} could be implemented in a way to manage input constraints of the form $a_1 x_1 + \cdots + a_n x_n = b$. Such a constraint could either be represented as two internal inequality constraint or one internal equality constraint.

\item[\texttt{OutputConstraint}]~

A generic output constraint.

\item[\texttt{Clause}]~

Implementation of \texttt{OutpuConstraint} as a propositional clause. Contains resources that can be used by the \textsc{cnf} encoders to produce output clauses, which will be converted into strings by the class \texttt{CNFproblem}.

\item[\texttt{PBconst}]~

Implementation of \texttt{OutpuConstraint} as a pseudo-Boolean constraint. Contains resources that can be used by the \textsc{pb} encoder to produce output pseudo-Boolean constraints, which will be converted into strings by the class \texttt{CNFproblem}.

\item[\texttt{OutputConstraints}]~

A set of output constraints resulting from the translation process, which are aimed to be converted into strings to produce the output problem.

\item[\texttt{CNFformula}]~

A set of Clauses represented as instances of the class \texttt{Clause}.

\item[\texttt{PBformula}]~

A set of pseudo-Boolean constraints represented as instances of the class \texttt{PBconst}.
\end{description}

\subsection{User resources}

This section presents the main classes and methods allowing one to implement the resources provided by \textsc{BoolVar/pb}.

\subsubsection{Input block user resources}

\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{InputModel.InputModel()}]~

Create a new input model, which can be seen as a container for the input constraints.

\item[\texttt{Variable.Variable()}]~

Create a new propositional variable, which is aimed to be used in an input constraint.

\item[\texttt{Variable.getPosLit()}]~

Returns a positive literal $v$ from the current variable $v$. If the literal $v$ does not exists, it is created thanks to the constructor of the class \texttt{Literal}, else the reference of the existing literal is returned. $v$ is aimed to be used in input constraints.

\item[\texttt{Variable.getNegLit()}]~

Returns a negative $\overline{v}$ literal from the current variable $v$. If $\overline{v}$ does not exists, it is created thanks to the constructor of the class \texttt{Literal}, else the reference of the existing literal is returned. $\overline{v}$ is aimed to be used in input constraints.

\item[\texttt{Variable.getLit(boolean sign)}]~

Returns a literal $v$ or $\overline{v}$, according to the value of \texttt{sign}, from the current variable $v$. If the required literal does not exists, it is created thanks to the constructor of the class \texttt{Literal}, else the reference of the existing literal is returned.

\item[\texttt{Literal.Literal(Variable v, Boolean s)}]~

Create a new literal, which is aimed to be used in an input constraint. In order to avoid redundancies, literals must be preferably created thanks to the methods \texttt{getNegLit} and \texttt{getPosLit} provided by the class \texttt{Variable}.

\item[\texttt{BoolVar.setTag(int tag1)}]
\item[\texttt{BoolVar.setTag(int tag1,int tag2)}]
\item[\texttt{BoolVar.setTag(int tag1,int tag2,...,tag4)}]~

Sets the tags that will be assigned to the input constraints that will be created before the next call of \texttt{setTag}. The tags are arbitrary integers that will be assigned to encoders in a way to specify which encoder(s) must be used for translating each input constraint.

\item[\texttt{BoolVar.makeLeq(int[] c, Literal[] l, int b)}]
\item[\texttt{BoolVar.makeLeq(BigInteger[] c, Literal[] l, BigInteger b)}]~

Create a new pseudo-Boolean inequality constraint $\mathtt{c}[0] \mathtt{l}[0] + \cdots + \mathtt{c}[n-1] \mathtt{l}[n-1] \leq b$ (where $n$ is the size of the arrays \texttt{c} and \texttt{l}) from an array \texttt{c} of coefficients, an array \texttt{l} of literals, and a bound \texttt{b}. The resulting constraint is aimed to be added to the input model tanks to the method \texttt{InputModel.addConstraint}.

\item[\texttt{InputModel.addConstraint(Constraint q)}]~

Adds a new constraint to the current input model.
\end{description}

\subsubsection{Output block user resources}

\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{PBproblem.PBproblem()}]~

Creates a new output problem as a pseudo-Boolean satisfiability problem.

\item[\texttt{PBproblem.PBproblem()}]~

Creates a new output problem as a propositional satisfiability problem.

\item[\texttt{PBproblem.assignEncoder(int tag, Encoder x)}]~

Assigns the encoder \texttt{x} to the given tag. Several encoders can be assigned to the same tag by multiple calls to this method.

\item[\texttt{PBproblem.read(InputModel m)}]~

Reads the input model \texttt{m} in a way to translate each input constraint of \texttt{m} with the related encoders. This method must be used only one time, after all the input constraints are added to the input model.

\item[\texttt{PBproblem.getOutput()}]~

Returns the output problem as a string. This method must be called after the method \texttt{InputModel.read}.
\end{description}

\section{Available encodings \label{sect-encoders}}

The current version of \textsc{BoolVar/pb} includes 5 \textsc{cnf} encoders for pseudo-Boolean inequality constraints.

The underlying encoding methods can be classified in different categories with respect to the size of the output formula and the inference power of unit propagation (which is the basic filtering technique used in the \textsc{sat} solvers) on this formula.

Any \textsc{cnf} encoding which produces a \textsc{cnf} formula polynomially sized (exponentially sized, respectively) with respect to the number of variables in the input constraint is said to be \emph{polynomial} (\emph{exponential}, respectively).

Any \textsc{cnf} encoding is said to be a \textsc{pac} (like propagating arc consistency) encoding if and only if applying unit propagation on the resulting formula fixes the same variables as restoring arc consistency on the corresponding input constraint. It is said to be a \textsc{pic} (like propagating inconsistency) encoding if and only if applying unit propagation on the resulting formula produces the empty clause if   restoring arc consistency on the corresponding input constraint detects an inconsistency. Any \textsc{pac} encoding is necessarily a \textsc{pic} one.

\subsection{\texttt{CNFdirectEncoder}}

This simple exponential and \textsc{pac} encoding is briefly described in \cite{ DBLP:conf/sat/BailleuxBR09}. It can be seen as a variant of the \textsc{bdd} based encoding introduced in \cite{DBLP:journals/jsat/BailleuxBR06} where each path of the \textsc{bdd} is encoded with a clause in a way that no additional variable is required.

\subsection{\texttt{CNFbddEncoder}}

This exponential \textsc{pac} \textsc{bdd}-based encoding was introduced in \cite{DBLP:journals/jsat/BailleuxBR06}. It generally produces a smaller formula that the direct encoding, because it uses additional variables corresponding to each node of the \textsc{bdd}, which allows to factorize identical subgraphs. Unlike the direct one, this encoding is polynomial for cardinality constraints, i.e., when all the coefficients are 1.

\subsection{\texttt{CNFlinearEncoder}}

This linear encoding is described in \cite{DBLP:journals/jsat/EenS06}. It is inspired from the encoding introduced in \cite{warner68}. It is neither \textsc{pac} nor \textsc{pic}. His main interest is the size of the produced formulae.

\subsection{\texttt{CNFwatchdogEncoder}}

This encoding, introduced in \cite{DBLP:conf/sat/BailleuxBR09}, is both polynomial and \textsc{pac} (then \textsc{pic}), but can sometimes produce output formulae of prohibitive size.

\subsection{\texttt{CNFbargraphEncoder}}

This is a variant of the watchdog encoding, also presented in \cite{ DBLP:conf/sat/BailleuxBR09}, which is \textsc{pic} but not \textsc{pac}, and produces smallest formulae.

\section{A commented example}

As an exemple, we will encode the bin-packing problem, where $n$ objects, each of them with a weight $w_j, 0 \leq j \leq n-1$, must be put into $m$ boxes with capacities $c_i, 0 \leq i \leq m-1$, in such a way that each object occurs in exactly one box and the sum of the weights of all the objects belonging to any box does not exceed the capacity of this box.

Each instance of this problem will be represented thanks to a matrix $v$ of Boolean variables, where $v_{i,j}=1$ means that the object $j$ is in the box $i$.

There are two kinds of constraints, namely:

\begin{itemize}
\item
the unicity constraints, which ensures that each object belong to exactly one boxe:
\[
\forall j \in 0..n-1, \sum_{i=0}^{m}{v_{i,j}} = 1
\]

\item
the capacity constraints, ensuring that the sum of the weights of the objects in any box does not exceed the capacity of this box:
\[
\forall i \in 0..m-1, \sum_{j=0}^{n}{w_j v_{i,j}} \leq c_i
\]
\end{itemize}

The bin-packing problem can be encoded with \textsc{BoolVar} in the following way.
The integer arrays \texttt{weights} and \texttt{capacities} are supposed to contain the weights of the objects and the capacities of the boxes, respectively.

\begin{enumerate}
\item
Create the input model.

\begin{lstlisting}
InputModel p = new InputModel();
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Create and initialize the matrix of domain variables.
\begin{lstlisting}
Variable[][] v = new Variable[m][n];
for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
        v[i][j] = new Variable();
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Create the unicity constraints and assign them the tag 1 with the method \texttt{setTag}. Each equality constraint $v_{0,j} + \cdots + v_{m,j} = 1$ is encoded as two inequality constraints $v_{0,j} + \cdots + v_{m,j} \leq 1$ and $\overline{v_{0,j}} + \cdots + \overline{v_{m,j}} \leq m-1$.

\begin{lstlisting}
setTags(1);
int[] coeffs = new int[m];
for(int i=0; i<m; i++) coeffs[i]=1;
for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
{
   Literal[] poslits = new Literal[m];
   Literal[] neglits = new Literal[m];
   for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
   {
       poslits[i] = v[i][j].getPosLit();
       neglits[i] = v[i][j].getNegLit();
   }
   p.addConstraint(makeLeq(coeffs,poslits,1));
   p.addConstraint(makeLeq(coeffs,neglits,m-1));
}
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Create the capacity constraints and assign them the tag 2.

\begin{lstlisting}
setTags(2);
for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
{
   Literal[] lits = new Literal[n];
   for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
       lits[j] = v[i][j].getPosLit();
   p.addConstraint(makeLeq(weights,lits,capacities[i]));
}
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Create the output problem.

\begin{lstlisting}
OutputProblem out = new CNFProblem();
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Create the two encoders that will be used to translate the input constraints: the \textsc{bdd} encoder will be used to translate the unicity constraints (tagged with 1), and the bargraph encoder will be used to translate the capacity constraints (tagged with 2).

\begin{lstlisting}
Encoder2cnf bdd = new CNFbddEncoder();
Encoder2cnf bg = new CNFbargraphEncoder();
out.assignEncoder(1,bdd);
out.assignEncoder(2,bg);
\end{lstlisting}

\item
Read the input model, which runs the translation process, and print the result as a string.

\begin{lstlisting}
out.read(p);
System.out.println(out.getOutput());
\end{lstlisting}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Perspectives}

The following evolutions are planned.

\subsubsection*{Predicting the size of the input formulae}

The size of the formula resulting from the translation of each input constraint is a critical parameter for the choice of the encodings. The interface \texttt{Encoder} will include a method providing this information.

\subsubsection*{Automatic choice of the encoders}

Assigning a dedicated tag to any constraint will ensure that the encoder to use for translating this constraint will be automatically selected accordingly to both the size of the output formula and the inference power of unit propagation on this formula.

\subsubsection*{Clauses as input constraints}

It will be allowed to add clauses as input constraints. These clauses will be directly added to the output problem, in a way to allow to deal with input problems that are specified with both clauses and pseudo-Boolean formulae.

\subsubsection*{Supporting new encodings}

Some encodings dedicated to cardinality constraints will be added. Because cardinality constraints are a special case of pseudo-Boolean ones, the pseudo-Boolean encoders can of course deal with cardinality constraints. But there exists specific encodings which could be more efficient and/or compact for cardinality constraints.

In addition, some of the already implemented encodings could be improved and / or hybridized in a way to reduce the size / efficiency ratio of the resulting output formulae.

\subsubsection*{Coupling with a solver}

The goal is to provide the resources for solving the output problem thanks to the solver sat4J \cite{sat4j}, in a way to build stand alone applications.

\label{pageend}

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Based on the true story of Norwegian Crown Princess Martha, who fled the Nazis and lived in the White House, becoming an influential figure in world politics. Her relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt will be central to the show, which is set in the US, Britain and Norway.
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Carole L. Noll
Cummings, KS Carole L. Noll, 69, of Cummings, KS, passed away Thursday, March 29, 2012 at her home in Cummings, KS, with her loving family by her side. Mass of Christian Burial will be 9:30 AM Saturday, March 31st, 2012 at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Atchison, with Fr. Gabriel Landis, OSB, as Celebrant. Burial will follow in the Corpus Christi Cemetery, Winchester, KS. A parish r
Shirley Clary
Rural Highland , KS Shirley A. Clary, 72, of rural Highland, died Wednesday morning, March 28, 2012, at Heartland Regional Medical Center in St. Joseph, Missouri. Shirley Ann (Cairo) Clary was born October 22, 1939, on a farm near Troy, Kansas. Shirley attended elementary school, grades one through seven, in the rural district south of Sparks known as Iola. Due to closing of the school, she attended Highland Eleme
Lois M. "Jackie" Herr
Humboldt, NE Jackie Herr, 87, of Humboldt, Nebraska passed away on Tuesday, March 27, 2012, at the Nemaha County Hospital in Auburn, Nebraska. Funeral Services will be held at 10:30 a.m. on Monday, April 2, 2012, at the United Methodist Church in Humboldt, Nebraska with Pastor Jaclyn Hoy officiating. Visitation will be from 1 p.m.-8 p.m. on Sunday, April 1, 2012, at the Wherry Mortuary in Hu
Louis W. Kuhnert
Atchison, KS Louis W. Kuhnert, 92 of Atchison KS died Tuesday, March 27, 2012 at the Atchison Medicalodge. Funeral services will be 2:00 PM on Friday, March 30th, 2012 at the Trinity Lutheran Church with Rev. Robert Ziegler officiating. Burial will follow in the Sunset Memory Gardens, Atchison. The family will receive friends from 6:30 to 8:00 PM on Thursday, March 29th 2012, at the Becker Dyer Stan
Holton , KS Fred Johnson, 91, of Holton, formerly of Circleville, passed away Friday evening March 9, 2012. He was born May 8, 1920, in Chanute, Kansas, the son of Fred W. and Edith Rhea Johnson. He attended elementary school in Dennis, Kansas and graduated from Drexel Missouri High School in 1938.
Daniel Lee "Dan" Potts
Lancaster, KS Daniel Lee "Dan" Potts, 61, Lancaster, Kansasdied Sunday, March 25, 2012 at his residence. Funeral services will be Thursday, March 29,2012, at 10:30 A.M. in the chapel of the Arensberg-Pruett Funeral Home withRev. Robert Ziegler officiating. Interment will follow in Lancaster Cemetery,Lancaster, Kansas. Visitation withthe family will be Wednesday, March 28, fr
Margaret Beggs
Mound City , MO Margaret R. "Marguerite" Beggs was born on February 28, 1914 in Maryville, Missouri, the daughter of James Woodford and Cora Isabel (Ulmer) Seals. Marguerite married Howard Chambers Beggs, and they became parents of one son. Marguerite and Howard operated a bar in Craig, Missouri, and also the "Log Cabin" bar in St. Joseph, Missouri. Marguerite
James (Jim) Roy Studebaker
Holton , KS James (Jim) Roy Studebaker, 66, of Holton, passed away peacefully March 25, 2012, at Holton Community Hospital with great dignity after a long battle with cancer, made possible by the loving help of friends, family, Dr. Joel Hutchins, Henrietta and Donna from Holton Hospice, and the nurses at the hospital. Jim was born July 2, 1945, in Pratt Kansa
Richard J. Massieon
Seneca, KS Richard J. Massieon, 65, of Seneca, died on March 25, 2012 at his home in Seneca, with his wife at his side. Richard was born southwest of Wamego, Kansas on November 18, 1946, the son of Robert L. and Patricia L. White Massieon. He was raised on a farm in the Laclede community northeast of Wamego, Kansas. Rich was active in 4-H for eight years. Rich
Mildred Conner
Auburn , NE Mildred M. Conner, age 96 of Auburn, passed away Saturday, March 24, 2012 at the Good Samaritan Society-Auburn. Survivors include her son Curtis Conner, Jr. of Omaha; daughter and son-in-law Sharon and Ron Bollinger of Auburn; 9 grandchildren; 16 great-grandchildren; other relatives and friends. Graveside funeral services will be Wednesday, March 28, 2:00 p.m. at B
Jeanette A. Gronniger
Denton, KS Jeanette A. Gronniger, 91 of Denton, KS. died Sat. March 24, 2012 at the Dooley Center at Mt. St. Scholastica, Atchison, KS. Mass of Christian Burial will be 10:30 am on Wednesday, March 28th, 2012 at St. Benedicts' Church, Bendena with Fr. Robert Rost as Celebrant. Burial will follow in the St. Benedicts Cemetery, Bendena. A rosary will be recited at 6:30 pm Tuesday, March 27th,
Nellie Radford Bacon
Gardner, KS Nellie Radford Bacon, 64, of Gardner, Kansas passed away on March 25, 2012 at the Kansas City Hospice House in Kansas City, Missouri. She was born on February 10, 1948 in Horton, Kansas the daughter of Edward and Eleanor Thomas Radford. Nellie was a LPN Nurse retiring from the Two Rivers Hospital. She was a member of the Grace United Methodi
Luella Fankhauser
Humboldt, NE Luella Mina (Kerl) Fankhauser, 89, of Humboldt, Nebraska, was born on September 25, 1922, in Axtell, Kansas to Ralph Lemarr and Mina (Cook) Kerl. She attended Began Country School District # 5 near Dubois, Nebraska and graduated from Pawnee City High School with the class of 1940. Luella taught at country schools until training and becoming a skilled welder at the Martin Bomber plan
Wavia Edelman
Sabetha , KS Wavia Louise Edelman, 91 of Sabetha died March 24, 2012 at the Apostolic Christian Home in Sabetha. She was born on January 10, 1921 the daughter of John Edelman and Mary (Bauman) Edelman on the family farm southwest of Sabetha. She grew up in the Sabetha area and was a member of the Christian Apostolic Church in Sabetha. She worked at the Sabetha Comm
Grace Elizabeth Cruse
White Cloud , KS Grace Elizabeth Cruse, 75, of White Cloud, passed away peacefully at home Thursday afternoon, March 22, 2012. A celebration of Grace's life is planned for 10 a.m. Tuesday, March 27, at Chapel Oaks Funeral Home in Hiawatha. Pastor Regina Stillman, of Foster Memorial Church of White Cloud, will officiate. Interment will follow at the Olive Bra
Leonard "Bill" Farmer
Oskaloosa , KS Leonard "Bill" Farmer, 63 of Oskaloosa, died Thursday, March 22, 2012 at his home surrounded by his loving family, after a valiant fight with multiple myeloma. "Bill" was born February 23, 1949 at Overbrook, the son of Raymond Boyd, Sr. and Mona Agnes Winchell Farmer. Bill's greatest attribute was his Pride and loving Devotion to hi
Silas C. Cluke II
Atchison, KS Silas C. Cluke,II, 54, Atchison, Kansas diedTuesday, March 20, 2012 at the Atchison Hospital. Funeral services Monday, March 26, 2012 at1:00 P.M. at Ebenezer Baptist Church with Rev. Michael Kelley officiating.Visitation with the family will be Monday from 11:00 A.M. until 1:00 P.M. atthe church. Arensberg-Pruett Funeral Home has been entrusted with the finalarrangem
Beulah Stueve
Topeka , KS Beulah Delcina Stueve, 92, of Topeka, died Thursday, March 22, 2012 at Lexington Place Nursing Facility in Topeka. She was surrounded by her loving family. Beulah was born May 24, 1919 in Dunning, NE, the daughter of Archie and Ethel Jones Wymore. She graduated from Axtell High School in 1937. She married Frederick J Stueve on April 30, 1941 at St Bridget
Betty Poynter
Mound City, MO Betty L. Poynter, 87 of Mound City, Missouri died Thursday, March 22nd at a local healthcare facility. Bory September 29th, 1924 in Forest City, MO. she married Gene Poynter, May 16th 1941. Mrs. Poynter worked in teh banking industry and was a member of the Mound City United Methodist Chruch, PEO Sisterhood, and the Order of Easter Star
Sharon Barrow
Holton , KS Sharon Lee Barrow, 64, passed away Wednesday March 21, 2012 in Holton. She was born August 4, 1947, in Holton, the daughter of Vernon and Lou Emma (Gilliland) Barrow. Sharon graduated from Denison High School in 1965 and later graduated from Washburn University with a BA in criminal justice
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CES 2023 preview: What to expect at the Las Vegas tech extravaganza – VentureBeat
Next week in the CES 2023 trade show in Las Vegas , we'll once again be able to see and hear about the latest tech trends in person.
Last year's event also took place in person, but it was a shadow of its former self as the Omicron wave of COVID-19 required its toll. The occasion only drew about 45, 000 last year, far below the 175, 212 that showed up in January 2019. This year, they're expecting around 100, 000 people to show up, according to Gary Shapiro, CEO of Consumer Technology Association , the particular trade group that stages the event.
Last year's event looked like a ghost town. At least it seemed that way in pictures, as I canceled my trip about the week before the display after everybody else canceled their appointments with me. The same kind of cancellation tsunami hasn't happened this year.
This year, the show gets underway on Tuesday morning with some virtual sideline events from Nvidia and Acer. I think it's safe in order to say we will see plenty of new chips and PC gaming rigs announced. The difference this year is that, because of the recession, we can probably expect to buy more of these products sooner than we were able to do so during the particular shortages associated with the past couple of years.
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Join the GamesBeat community online, February 1-2, in order to examine the particular findings and emerging styles within the metaverse.
A few thousand press people will start converging upon Vegas on Tuesday plus Wednesday for media occasions that officially begin with a talk on tech developments by Steve Koenig, vice president associated with research at the CTA, followed by the opening CES Unveiled press event. If it is your first time to the particular show, check out my tips and tricks for CES . On Wednesday, big companies like LG, Panasonic, Samsung, TCL and Sony will have their press conferences where they show off the new products coming this 12 months.
By Thursday, the main display floors will open with nearly 3, 000 exhibitors across a lot more than 2 . 1 million square feet of space, Shapiro said. That's down from 4, 500 exhibitors and second . 9 mil square ft in January 2020. But it's still a sizable show and it runs through Sunday.
And while CES is still a place for the giants like Samsung and Sony, the display will possess 1, 000 new exhibitors, and it will also have its traditional Eureka Park startup space in the Venetian.
The big trends
Will we have the ability to build the metaverse?
Last week, PR Newswire reported that there was a 340% increase in mentions within CES 2023 press releases, with more than 66 mentions in 2022 compared to 2021.
NFT mentions were up 200% to 12, up from four. Sustainability mentions had been up 63% to 49, up through 30. Robots were mentioned 49 times, up only 2% from 48 a year ago. The losers? Augmented reality slipped 12% to 30 from 34, and wearable dropped 38% from 88 to 55.
In our interview, Shapiro said we'll see an "incredibly strong" health tech category. Shapiro expects we will see a lot of food tech, such as from the company called Suvie, which cooks meals while you're away and is ready when you get home.
Based on the pitches I'm getting, I believe we'll see a great deal of technology related to AI, health wearables, energy-saving devices, the particular internet of things (IoT), sleep care, elder treatment, mental care, smart cars, robots plus virtual fact (think Sony and HTC on the very least).
Square Off makes smart chessboards with adaptive AI.
AI will be type of a good invisible product, but the presence will certainly be visible everywhere at the show. Generative AI startups might be arriving upon the scene too late to make a big presence in the show, but everyone from large companies in order to startups will be talking about how AI is fueling a new generation of products.
Embodied, maker associated with the social interaction robot Moxie , uses interactions enabled simply by generative AI to help promote interpersonal, emotional and cognitive development in children ages five to 10. It is now shipping the automatic robot that it has been showing for a couple of years.
Sq . Off, the maker associated with smart chessboards with an adaptive AI, may be back to show off what it can with its partnership with Miko, a consumer robotics company that will makes AI robots for kids.
There are a lot of people concerned about the encroachment of AI into our lives. Alice Little, an award-winning legal courtesan currently operating out of the Chicken Ranch brothel near Las Vegas, said in a statement that AI tech will threaten the livelihood of sex workers, who have come to depend on digital experiences such as Only Fans during the pandemic.
She believes these kinds of creator platforms could become significantly hurt by AI, particularly deepfake technology that will creates fake images associated with real individuals. We'll see this debate play out in industry after business.
Smart green vehicles on the rise
Candela's electric boat flies through the air.
AI is also going to get used within the most recent vehicles. More than a dozen automakers can be in the show, and they'll end up being showing away electric automobiles, assisted driving features plus more. John Deere, which has one of the keynote slots for its CEO Steve May, will show away from AI-based tractors that can operate around the clock.
Candela is manufacturing a brand new electrical "flying" C-8 consumer boat. It is a good electric vehicle that rides above the waves and is a sibling to Candela's P-12 electric powered hydrofoil ferry. Cenntro Electric Group is usually will unveil five brand new electric vehicles at DE TELLES, including the hydrogen-powered semi and the particular production edition from the iChassis. And as you can see below, we will have our own share of flying vehicles again.
Aska is going to be showing off its first drive-and-fly electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft/car hybrid. It is an electric vehicle that you can drive on the road like the car plus fly within the air flow like a quadrocopter. Is it real? Let's hope so.
Will certainly the metaverse compete with physical activities like TOUS CES?
Wherever AI gets mentioned, the metaverse can't be much behind. Plus where the metaverse gets pointed out, Web3 will certainly come up as well.
It's nevertheless early and a bit rare to observe actual metaverse experiences on display on the show. Source Digital plus Sansar announced they may show off a "metaverse experience" on smart TVs, exactly where you may engage in VR-like 2D or even 3D experiences from the makers of Sansar, which spun out of Second Life's Linden Lab and was sold in 2020 to Wookey Projects.
While we may not notice a ton of actual metaverse projects at the particular show, all of us will listen to people talking about it, especially in the visions presented in keynote speeches plus panels. In fact , I'm going to moderate the panel with CES upon Friday The month of january 6 about how gaming can lead the metaverse. It will take place on 3 pm on Friday January 6 at LVCC North / N262 and feature speakers through Area15, Upland, Holoride plus Tilt Five.
With all this talk about the particular metaverse, Shapiro isn't so worried that demand for an in-person CES will fall off.
"We're really optimistic that will CES is so important to people around the world — because buyers, investors, suppliers, partners, media, consultants, market analysts — that we expect a strong showing within Vegas, " Shapiro stated. "But the digital platform will be an important supplement to many of the people likely to Las Vegas who are just too busy to get to the meetings or connect with the exhibitors that they want to. That's what the platform is going to be regarding, to serve those people. "
As for blockchain, OpenCarbon is definitely touting its first non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace intended for carbon credits. The OpenCarbon platform delivers SEC-compliant, carbon offset financial products in order to efficiently source, construct, manage and retire large-scale plus complex co2 asset portfolios.
The internet of things will rely on Armv9.
LG is partnering with Asleep to create wise home appliances that will respond to human breathing plus diagnose sleep stages to operate at an optimal level. So your air conditioning and heating — and other appliances for the home — may respond in order to how you're sleeping at night.
We'll see lots of other examples of the web of points creeping deeper into the lives. Let's hope the theme associated with Ubisoft's Watchdogs game — that these devices will certainly be used by hackers plus governments to spy upon us — won't come true.
You can bet that the internet of things may further infiltrate its way into intelligent homes, clever buildings and smart whatevers. Artificial intelligence — buoyed by successes in personal computer vision, neural networks, and machine studying — will be pervasive within these IoT devices.
VR and gaming gear
Sony's PlayStation VR 2 headset.
Sony will take the stage at DE TELLES to share details about the PlayStation VR2 headset as well as the games arriving for the device, which usually debuts on February 22. HTC can be expected to make an announcement and a number of other VR head-set makers are showing upward at TOUS CES.
And VR's platform is certainly always changing. bHaptics's brand new TactGlove can be worn such as regular gloves. It's compatible with commercial VR/AR headsets with camera-based hand tracking systems, including Meta Quest 2, and costs $300 per pair. The new haptic hand protection have 12 Linear Resonant Actuator-type motors (LRA), which the company says allows delicate plus sophisticated feedback at the fingertips plus wrists.
Holoride can be at the show once again display how you can play virtual reality games within the back seat of a car — without losing your lunch.
Upon the video gaming side, we'll see LG's 27-inch OLED gaming monitor and Alienware's latest 18-inch gaming laptop. Nvidia will likely talk regarding the GeForce RTX 40-series graphics potato chips, and AMD will attempt to outdo Nvidia using its own GPUs. MSI will show the flagship gaming laptop Titan GT77 that will feature a 4K/144Hz Mini LED display. You can bet there will certainly be a ton more on display in the display.
Advanced Micro Devices TOP DOG Lisa Su will kick off the show at six: 30 p. m. upon Wednesday with a keynote speech. So we're likely in order to hear about the latest Ryzen and Radeon chips.
In terms of TVs, some aficionados are hoping to hear a lot more about QD-OLED as the particular future of cutting-edge TV tech, therefore it'll become interesting to see if anyone has anything to add on that front.
Withings' U-Scan may do an urinalysis for you.
Valencell unveiling the first calibration-free, cuffless finger-tip blood pressure monitor. Companies like Omron Healthcare have been whittling away at this particular kind of problem for years. Dexcom has received clearance through the FDA for its glucose keep track of Dexcom 7, which makes it much easier to measure blood sugar levels for people with diabetes.
Withings, a pioneer of connected health, can unveil the first foray into urine analysis along with a miniaturized health lab that will change the method people monitor their wellness from your comfort and privacy of their own bathroom. If this works, you may not have to pee in the cup from the doctor's office or perhaps a lab so much.
Whilst we urinate on average seven occasions a day, pee analyses are usually performed only once a year when requested by your health professional. Now Withings is making it possible to conduct health assessments through the comfort and privacy of your bathroom on a regular basis.
The brand new product includes a pebble-shaped reader that will sits within the toilet bowl. Its changeable analysis cartridges are designed to assess specific biomarkers without the particular need designed for external sample capture or even strips. It will initially debut with two consumer wellness cartridges to help users keep track of metabolic insights and women to handle monthly cycles with medical versions following in the future.
And I'm anticipating to discover more solutions than ever that target elderly people plus their caregivers, as technology has finally woken up to the demographic trend from the baby boomers get older. Tech isn't going to be just for the particular young anymore.
Japan's Asilla is showing off a security camera that sends you alerts to unusual things happening in real time, like if someone falls upon the ground. We can anticipate to find more associated with these items, as Synaptics offers created fall-detection sensors that use AI to detect in case people possess fallen and need help.
1 Third checks the freshness of fresh produce.
OneThird , a Dutch foods tech organization, will display a "ripeness checker" designed for use simply by grocers or even grocery store shoppers. It lets them quickly scan an avocado and get accurate information about whenever it will be ready for consumption – no squeezing necessary.
Apparently we are not so good with the squeezing part, because one-third of all food produced is wasted due in order to spoilage – costing upwards of $1 trillion. OneThird's solution helps end-consumers get the freshest food and allows growers, food distributors and grocers to predict the shelf life of fresh produce.
Typhur will showcase its all-in-one smart Sous Vide cooking machine, with cooking classes and recipes from chefs all close to the globe, including Michelin Star Chefs.
Retro trends
If you're not in to all this new stuff, you can observe old stuff as well. RCA will certainly be among the retro brands coming to the show, but it will surely display off home automation, e-bikes, scooters and retro-style electronics. For a few of us, that will brings back several memories.
Weird uses for new technologies
An AI-driven massage chair.
I've been pitched some oddball things that I actually didn't expect see. For instance, Glüxkind is revealing an AI-powered baby stroller with a motor. It comes along with an rest solution with rock-my-baby, white noise plus 360 safety bubble around the stroller. I suppose I shouldn't call this particular weird because it could end up being very useful with regard to its focus on consumers. Yet it's certainly something I didn't anticipate see.
Meanwhile, Osim is going to show away its uLove 3 Well-Being Chair, which usually uses AI to assist give you massages. The chair is developed to measure, monitor, and manage stress while giving you a full-body massage.
After picking upward a video from your own library or even by using a YouTube link, you can add scents on the timeline to set up the perfect smell, timing, and duration for a scent in order to go with your video.
What's missing from CES
Jensen Huang goes away from script within Las Vegas in January 2019. We'll miss him on CES 2020.
Some common CES events won't happen. Nvidia may be doing an on the internet press occasion, but it won't be upon the show floor. Apple doesn't exhibit in the display, as it always does its own occasions. I expect we will not see as many masks either. But I suggest everybody be extra safe with so many individuals concentrated within Vegas.
With as several as 71, 000 fewer people, I'm certainly hoping for fewer lines and crowds around the popular booths. But such as many people, I am curious what it is going to be like seeing people face-to-face again at a huge trade show. Hopefully it can feel like we're all obtaining back to business.
Tech for the particular rest of us
From an earlier CES: Carnival's PlayOcean games are usually accessible through portal screens on the cruise ships.
I have a few hope that will there will be some interesting technologies through non-tech companies.
Halio is showing off smart glass. You can put this on windows and building facades to prevent solar heat from cooking everybody inside the building. This reduces a facility's carbon footprint by limiting energy used for atmosphere conditioning or heating. I like how it is another example of how technology fades into the woodwork of everyday things.
My favorite CES talk about tech through non-tech companies was a few years ago, when Arnold Donald — the particular CEO of the world's largest cruise business, Carnival Cruises — unveiled the Ocean Medallion wearable . That was interesting because it was an example of how technology was infiltrating the non-tech business, in which the technology faded directly into the woodwork and the particular woodwork itself got sensible. Carnival is usually now outfitting its 100-plus cruise boats with the technologies.
In recent years, Procter & Gamble has also showed up with cool uses associated with tech in ordinary items, for example putting sensors and AI straight into products this kind of as skin advisers, heated razors and more. It will be back this yr with more products that promise the same kind of creativity as final year's items, which included a blemish remover that worked properly on my face. We could still use more of that, and I think we could all use tech that will makes the current products that we use every day even better.
GamesBeat's creed whenever covering the game industry is definitely "where passion meets company. " What does this particular mean? We want to tell you how the news matters in order to you — not simply as a decision-maker at a game studio, but also like a fan of games. Regardless of whether you read our articles, listen to our podcasts, or watch our videos, GamesBeat will certainly help a person learn about the sector and enjoy engaging with it. Discover our Briefings.


The work "Bad blood" represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Mid-Continent Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Audio, Musical, Music.
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Avni Dauti and Rebecca Vaughan are artists and researchers from Melbourne, Australia. Their work focuses on Deaf histories and repressed historical narratives, encompassing a diverse range of media and strategies including film, installation and writing. At Rupert the duo will be developing a workshop-driven film project – Wooden Hoe – which will involve a number of thematic workshops for Deaf and sign language using participants from Vilnius Mediated entirely in lietuvių gestų kalba (Lithuanian Sign Language). It will examine Deaf histories during the Soviet era and the development and empowerment of sign language use in the region.


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Considering that duplicates can hardly be kept in check by hand in small databases, finding duplicate records among large amounts of data, such as those found in databases managed with SQL Server, can only be handled if you know how best to proceed.
The next step is to select the data source with the data to be processed. To do this, select SQL Server from the selection list under 'Format / Access to'.