text:
calories in pinto beans
pinto beans nutrition facts
protein in pinto beans
carbs in pinto beans
sugar in pinto beans
sodium in pinto beans
potassium in pinto beans
saturated fat in pinto beans
cholesterol in pinto beans
magnesium in pinto beans
iron in pinto beans
fiber in pinto beans
calcium in pinto beans
zinc in pinto beans
vitamin a in pinto beans
vitamin c in pinto beans
vitamin d in pinto beans
vitamin k in pinto beans
vitamin b12 in pinto beans
vitamin b6 in pinto beans
folic acid in pinto beans
riboflavin in pinto beans
phosphorus in pinto beans
niacin in pinto beans
thiamine in pinto beans
Home / Nutrition / Fat / pinto beans
Amount of Fat in Pinto beans
Welcome to the nutritional fat content in 10 different types of pinto beans, ranging from 1.23 g to 0.48 g per 100g. The basic type of pinto beans is Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw, where the amount of fat in 100g is 1.23 g.
1.23 g of fat per 100g, from Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw corresponds to 2% of the fat RDA. For a typical serving size of 1 cup (or 193 g) the amount of Fat is 2.37 g. This corresponds to an RDA percentage of 4%.
Top five pinto beans products high in fat
Below is a summary list for the top five pinto beans items ranked by the amount or level of fat in 100g.
1. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw : 1.23g (2%RDA)
2. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, canned, drained solids, rinsed in tap water : 0.97g (1%RDA)
3. Beans, pinto, canned, drained solids : 0.9g (1%RDA)
4. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt : 0.65g (1%RDA)
5. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt : 0.65g (1%RDA)
Following on from the five top pinto beans items or products containing fat we have a more comprehensive break down of Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw, and the highest item containing fat which is Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw. We also give a comparison of average values, median values and lowest values along with a comparison with other food groups and assess the effects of storage and preparation on the 10 types of pinto beans.
At the bottom of the page is the full list for the 10 different types of pinto beans based on the content in different servings in grams and oz (and other serving sizes), providing a comprehensive analysis of the fat content in pinto beans.
Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw - Nutritional Content and Chart
The full nutrition content, RDA percentages and levels for Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw should be considered along with the fat content. This food profile is part of our list of food and drinks under the general group Legumes and Legume Products.Other important and fat related nutrients are Saturated Fat, Calories, Protein and Carbohydrate. For this 100g serving in your diet, the amount of Saturated Fat is 0.235 g (1% RDA), the amount of Calories is 347 kcal (17% RDA), the amount of Protein is 21.42 g (38% RDA) and the amount of Carbohydrate is 62.55 g (48% RDA). The nutritional content and facts for 100g, which includes Saturated Fat, Calories, Protein and Carbohydrate is shown in the RDA chart below as percentages of the recommended daily allowance along with the fat levels in pinto beans.
Our proprietary nutritional density score gives a nutritional value out of 100 based on 9 different vitamins, minerals and macro nutrients. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw has a nutritional value score of 17 out of 100.Comparing the fat content and the nutritional density in 100g for Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw; We class this as a medium to low fat content item.In terms of overall nutritional value we class this as an item with a medium nutritional density value.
Comparing fat in pinto beans vs Cheese
The amount of fat in Cheese is 33.14 g per 100g.As fat percentage of the RDA this is 51 %. Comparing with Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw, in 100g contains 1.23 g of fat. As a percentage of the RDA this is 2 %. Therefore, Cheese has 31.91 g more fat than Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw. In terms of fat percentage this is 2594 % more fat. Cheese has an overall nutritional value score of 14 out of 100, whereas Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw has a nutritional value score of 17 out of 100.Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw also has the highest amount of fat for the 10 different pinto beans items.
100 calories of beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw is a serving size of 0.29 g, and the amount of Fat is 0.35 g (0.58% RDA). Other important and related nutrients and macronutrients such as Protein, in 100 Calories are as follows; Saturated Fat 0.07 g (0.29% RDA), Protein 6.17 g (10.95% RDA), Carbohydrate 18.03 g (13.83% RDA). This is shown in the fat RDA percentage chart below, based on 100 Calories, along with the other important nutrients and macro nutrients.
Content per Typical Serving Size 1 cup (or 193 g)
For the food Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw the typical serving size is 1 cup (or 193 g) which contains 2.37 g of Fat. The fat percentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 4 %.
To give 100% of the RDA, 25.0 servings of the typical serving size 1 cup (or 193 g) give the complete RDA. In terms of the gram weight and total content for this serving the Saturated Fat content is 0.45 g, the Calories content is 669.71 kcal, the Protein content is 41.34 g and the Carbohydrate content is 120.72 g. The percentages are shown below in the fat chart, for the typical serving of fat and the related and important nutritional values.
Macronutrients in Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw
The amount of protein, fat and carbs from this food described above is measured in grams per 100g and grams in a typical serving size (in this case 1 cup or 193 g), although it is also useful to give the number of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate which are the most important macronutrients. For this serving in your diet here are the macronutrient calories. The number of calories from Fat is 21.3 (kcal).From protein the number of calories is 165.4 (kcal).The total calories from carbohydrate is 482.9 (kcal).
Grams of fat in pinto beans (per 100g)
This list of 10 types of pinto beans, is brought to you by www.dietandfitnesstoday.com and ranges from Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw through to Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt where all food items are ranked by the content or amount per 100g. The nutritional fat content can be scaled by the amount in grams, oz or typical serving sizes. Simply click on a food item or beverage from the list at the bottom of the page to give a full dietary nutritional breakdown to answer the question how much fat in pinto beans.
The list below gives the total fat content in the 10 items from the general description 'pinto beans' each of which show the fat amount as well as Saturated Fat, Calories, Protein and Carbohydrate. Below, is the top 10 food items shown in the fat chart. This gives a quick and easy dietary comparison for the different items, where each item is listed at the bottom of the page with a nutritional summary.
The corresponding nutritional value for pinto beans based on our density score out of 100 (ranked by the amount of fat per 100g) is shown in the below nutritional density chart.
The corresponding Calories for pinto beans ranked by the amount of fat per 100g is shown below in the pinto beans calories chart.
The level of fat can be affected by the method of storage for example canned or frozen and also by the method of preparation for example either raw, cooked or fried. The total number of frozen food items is 3. The highest amount of fat from the 3 frozen items is in Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, unprepared where the fat content is 0.5 g per 100g. The number of food items classified as canned is 3 items. The highest amount of fat from the 3 canned items is in Beans, pinto, mature seeds, canned, drained solids, rinsed in tap water where the level is 0.97 g per 100g.The total food items which are raw is 1 item. The highest amount of fat from the 1 raw items is in Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw where the content is 1.23 g per 100g. The number of food items which are cooked are 4 items. The highest amount of fat from the 4 cooked items is in Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt where the amount is 0.65 g per 100g. Comparing raw and cooked pinto beans shows that cooking can change the levels of fat by 0.58 g in a 100g serving.
Average Content for pinto beans
The average (or more correctly the arithmetic mean) amount of fat contained in 100g of pinto beans, based on the list below of 10 different items under the general description of pinto beans, is 0.70 g of fat. This average value corresponds to 1.08 % of the recommended dietary allowance (or RDA) in your diet. The averages for the different nutrients are as follows; the average amount of Saturated Fat is 0.10 g, the average amount of Calories is 147.20 kcal, the average amount of Protein is 8.79 g and the average amount of Carbohydrate is g.
The median value of Fat is found in Stew, pinto bean and hominy, badufsuki (Hopi) which in 100g contains 0.54 g of Fat. This corresponds to 1 % of the recommended daily allowance. For this serving the amount of Saturated Fat is 0.085 g, the amount of Calories is 32 kcal, the amount of Protein is 1.42 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 5.38 g.
Using the list below for the 10 different pinto beans nutrition entries in our database, the highest amount of fat is found in Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw which contains 1.23 g of fat per 100g. The associated percentage of RDA is 2 %. For this 100g serving the Saturated Fat content is 0.235 g, the Calories content is 347 kcal, the Protein content is 21.42 g, the Carbohydrate content is 62.55 g.
The lowest amount of fat in 100g is in Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt which contains 0.48 g. This gives as percentage of the recommended daily allowance 1 % of the RDA. For this 100g serving the amount of Saturated Fat is 0.058 g, the amount of Calories is 162 kcal, the amount of Protein is 9.31 g, the amount of Carbohydrate is 30.88 g.
The difference between the highest and lowest values gives a fat range of 0.75 g per 100g. The range for the other nutrients are as follows; 0.177 g for Saturated Fat, 185 kcal for Calories, 12.11 g for Protein, 0 g for Carbohydrate.
Please remember that the above gives an accurate value in 100g for high fat foods in your diet. For example 100g of Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw contains 1.23 g of fat. However, there are other factors to consider when you are assessing your nutritional requirements. You should also take into account portion sizes when you are considering the fat nutritional content.
The food with the highest fat content per typical serving is Beans, pinto, canned, drained solids which contains 2.49 g in 1 can drained solids (or 277 g). The percentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 4 %. For this serving the Saturated Fat content is 0.44 g, the Calories content is 315.78 kcal, the Protein content is 19.36 g and the Carbohydrate content is 56.01 g.
From the list below you can find a full nutrition facts breakdown for all foods containing fat which can be scaled for different servings and quantities. We have also sorted our complete nutritional information and vitamin database of over 7000 foods, to give a list of high fat foods.
Pinto beans List, fat Content per 100g
1. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw - Fat
Nutritional Value : 17 / 100 food group - Legumes and Legume Products
1.23 g (2%) 0.235 g (1%) 21.42 g (38%) 62.55 g (48%) 347 kcal (17%)
2.37 g (4%) 0.45 g (2%) 41.34 g (74%) 120.72 g (93%) 669.71 kcal (33%)
Other serving sizes 1 tbsp (or 12g):
2. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, canned, drained solids, rinsed in tap water - Fat
Fat Protein Carbohydrate Calories
0.97 g (1%) 7.04 g (13%) 20.77 g (16%) 117 kcal (6%)
1.64 g (3%) 11.9 g (21%) 35.1 g (27%) 197.73 kcal (10%)
Other serving sizes 1 can (or 258g):
2.5 g (4%) 18.16 g (32%) 53.59 g (41%) 301.86 kcal (15%)
3. Beans, pinto, canned, drained solids - Fat
0.9 g (1%) 0.158 g (1%) 6.99 g (12%) 20.22 g (16%) 114 kcal (6%)
Typical Serving size of 1 can drained solids (or 277g):
2.49 g (4%) 0.44 g (2%) 19.36 g (35%) 56.01 g (43%) 315.78 kcal (16%)
4. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt - Fat
0.65 g (1%) 0.136 g (1%) 9.01 g (16%) 26.22 g (20%) 143 kcal (7%)
Other serving sizes 1 tbsp (or 10.6g):
5. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt - Fat
6. Beans, pinto, mature seeds, canned, solids and liquids - Fat
0.56 g (1%) 0.117 g (1%) 4.6 g (8%) 15.18 g (12%) 82 kcal (4%)
1.34 g (2%) 0.28 g (1%) 11.04 g (20%) 36.43 g (28%) 196.8 kcal (10%)
2.48 g (4%) 0.52 g (3%) 20.33 g (36%) 67.1 g (52%) 362.44 kcal (18%)
7. Stew, pinto bean and hominy, badufsuki (Hopi) - Fat
0.54 g (1%) 0.085 g (0%) 1.42 g (3%) 5.38 g (4%) 32 kcal (2%)
Typical Serving size of 8 oz (or 227g):
1.23 g (2%) 0.19 g (1%) 3.22 g (6%) 12.21 g (9%) 72.64 kcal (4%)
8. Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, unprepared - Fat
0.5 g (1%) 0.061 g (0%) 9.8 g (18%) 32.5 g (25%) 170 kcal (9%)
1.42 g (2%) 0.17 g (1%) 27.83 g (50%) 92.3 g (71%) 482.8 kcal (24%)
Other serving sizes .333 package (10 oz) (or 94g):
0.47 g (1%) 0.06 g (0%) 9.21 g (16%) 30.55 g (24%) 159.8 kcal (8%)
9. Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt - Fat
Typical Serving size of 1 package (10 oz) yields (or 284g):
Other serving sizes .333 package (10 oz) yields (or 94g):
0.45 g (1%) 0.05 g (0%) 8.75 g (16%) 29.03 g (22%) 152.28 kcal (8%)
10. Beans, pinto, immature seeds, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt - Fat


In a move designed to further strengthen Nassau County's tourism and the county's destination tourism industry while providing a new source of revenue for the county's park system, the Museum of American Armor will build a 25,000 square foot facility just inside the grounds of Old Bethpage Village Restoration on Round Swamp Road, Old Bethpage.
Chief Historian for the History Channel, Dr. Libby O'Connell, observed, "This announcement marks a unique commitment by public and private sectors to preserve and present a seminal chapter in the history of our nation and our world. It also reflects a commitment to apply a variety of innovative resources to the task of funding the preservation of our history. By using complimentary periods within the same space, Nassau County has strategically enhanced the ability of Old Bethpage Village Restoration to be a stronger destination for local residents, tourists and those who live within the tri-state area.
The arrival of the Museum of American Armor at Old Bethpage Village Restoration will allow for a joint marketing program with the nearby American Airpower Museum at Republic Airport and Nassau County's Cradle of Aviation Museum at Mitchel Field, Garden City.
Operational vehicles that will be on public display include an iconic Sherman tank, a Stuart light tank used extensively by the Marines during their Pacific campaigns, a potent 155 mm howitzer, reconnaissance vehicles that acted as armored scouts for American forces, anti aircraft guns and similar weapons that broke the back of the Axis powers during World War II. Other vehicles range from a classic LaSalle staff car in the markings of a Fleet Admiral to jeeps, weapons carriers and half tracks. Multimedia displays will augment the display of vehicles and visitors will be able to see tanks under repair and restoration.


text:
Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom
Uche O. Chukwura*, Andrew S. Hursthouse
School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences
Institute for Biomedical and Environmental Health Research
Centre for Environmental Research
Historic sulfidic Pb-Zn mining catchments at Leadhills and Wanlockhead, in the south of Scotland, UK have a legacy of mining of PbS (galena) and ZnS (sphalerite) from the 12th century to the 1930s. The mining activities created tailing piles, ponds, adits and contaminated soils that contribute leaching and surface runoff of potentially toxic elements, particularly lead (Pb), which impact on the surface water and groundwater and are rapidly diluted in the wider catchment area. Studies by environmental regulators have shown that Pb, Cd and Zn in water can locally exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), particularly at Leadhills. To evaluate geochemical controls on release, 20 water sources (adits, surface water and near-surface groundwater) were sampled over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) over a 1-year period and characterised. Samples were circum-neutral pH from 6.3 to 7.9 (with average total dissolved solids < 55.0 mg/L), with no characteristics of acid mine drainage. The concentrations of PTEs in the water exceed UK EQS and WHO standards (and non-compliance on the Water Framework Directives). Geochemical modelling (GWB and PHREEQCv2) predicted mineral control on solubility which identified PbSO4 (anglesite), Fe2O3 ferric oxide (hematite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), FeCO3 (siderite), CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite), CaCO3 (calcite), and Ca(Fe.Mg)(CO3)2 (ankerite) to be important. These were confirmed in solid phases analysed from tailings and sediments in contact with the hydrological cycle at the sites. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) of water samples associated with leaching through mine tailings showed strong seasonal variation with some elements (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Na, Ca, Zn) with higher variance. The strong negative association of pH with soluble Zn, Cu, As, Cd and Pb highlights typical sulfide oxidation processes are taking place and supported by a positive correlation with temperature. Dissolution processes of mineral phases indicated by positive association of TDS and EC with Na, Ca and Zn. The data from PCA suggest contributions with potential for active generation of acid mine drainage and dissolution of solid phases influencing the release of PTEs into surface waters.
Environmental Earth Sciences
Published - 11 Jul 2020
mine wastes
potentially toxic elements
10.1007/s12665-020-09108-xLicence: CC BY
2020 06 30 Chukwura et al Evaluating finalFinal published version, 2.28 MBLicence: CC BY
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Surface waters Engineering & Materials Science
Tailings Engineering & Materials Science
Scotland Agriculture & Biology
Catchments Engineering & Materials Science
United Kingdom Agriculture & Biology
siderite Chemical Compounds
case studies Agriculture & Biology
Leaching Engineering & Materials Science
Chukwura, U. O., & Hursthouse, A. S. (2020). Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(14), [363]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09108-x
Chukwura, Uche O. ; Hursthouse, Andrew S. / Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water : a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom. In: Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020 ; Vol. 79, No. 14.
@article{1527982e6af14336a19576ec645290d2,
title = "Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom",
abstract = "Historic sulfidic Pb-Zn mining catchments at Leadhills and Wanlockhead, in the south of Scotland, UK have a legacy of mining of PbS (galena) and ZnS (sphalerite) from the 12th century to the 1930s. The mining activities created tailing piles, ponds, adits and contaminated soils that contribute leaching and surface runoff of potentially toxic elements, particularly lead (Pb), which impact on the surface water and groundwater and are rapidly diluted in the wider catchment area. Studies by environmental regulators have shown that Pb, Cd and Zn in water can locally exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), particularly at Leadhills. To evaluate geochemical controls on release, 20 water sources (adits, surface water and near-surface groundwater) were sampled over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) over a 1-year period and characterised. Samples were circum-neutral pH from 6.3 to 7.9 (with average total dissolved solids < 55.0 mg/L), with no characteristics of acid mine drainage. The concentrations of PTEs in the water exceed UK EQS and WHO standards (and non-compliance on the Water Framework Directives). Geochemical modelling (GWB and PHREEQCv2) predicted mineral control on solubility which identified PbSO4 (anglesite), Fe2O3 ferric oxide (hematite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), FeCO3 (siderite), CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite), CaCO3 (calcite), and Ca(Fe.Mg)(CO3)2 (ankerite) to be important. These were confirmed in solid phases analysed from tailings and sediments in contact with the hydrological cycle at the sites. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) of water samples associated with leaching through mine tailings showed strong seasonal variation with some elements (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Na, Ca, Zn) with higher variance. The strong negative association of pH with soluble Zn, Cu, As, Cd and Pb highlights typical sulfide oxidation processes are taking place and supported by a positive correlation with temperature. Dissolution processes of mineral phases indicated by positive association of TDS and EC with Na, Ca and Zn. The data from PCA suggest contributions with potential for active generation of acid mine drainage and dissolution of solid phases influencing the release of PTEs into surface waters. ",
keywords = "geochemistry, mine wastes, potentially toxic elements, lead mining, Scotland",
author = "Chukwura, {Uche O.} and Hursthouse, {Andrew S.}",
journal = "Environmental Earth Sciences",
publisher = "Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
Chukwura, UO & Hursthouse, AS 2020, 'Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 79, no. 14, 363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09108-x
Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water : a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom. / Chukwura, Uche O.; Hursthouse, Andrew S.
In: Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol. 79, No. 14, 363, 11.07.2020.
T1 - Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water
T2 - a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom
AU - Chukwura, Uche O.
AU - Hursthouse, Andrew S.
N2 - Historic sulfidic Pb-Zn mining catchments at Leadhills and Wanlockhead, in the south of Scotland, UK have a legacy of mining of PbS (galena) and ZnS (sphalerite) from the 12th century to the 1930s. The mining activities created tailing piles, ponds, adits and contaminated soils that contribute leaching and surface runoff of potentially toxic elements, particularly lead (Pb), which impact on the surface water and groundwater and are rapidly diluted in the wider catchment area. Studies by environmental regulators have shown that Pb, Cd and Zn in water can locally exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), particularly at Leadhills. To evaluate geochemical controls on release, 20 water sources (adits, surface water and near-surface groundwater) were sampled over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) over a 1-year period and characterised. Samples were circum-neutral pH from 6.3 to 7.9 (with average total dissolved solids < 55.0 mg/L), with no characteristics of acid mine drainage. The concentrations of PTEs in the water exceed UK EQS and WHO standards (and non-compliance on the Water Framework Directives). Geochemical modelling (GWB and PHREEQCv2) predicted mineral control on solubility which identified PbSO4 (anglesite), Fe2O3 ferric oxide (hematite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), FeCO3 (siderite), CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite), CaCO3 (calcite), and Ca(Fe.Mg)(CO3)2 (ankerite) to be important. These were confirmed in solid phases analysed from tailings and sediments in contact with the hydrological cycle at the sites. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) of water samples associated with leaching through mine tailings showed strong seasonal variation with some elements (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Na, Ca, Zn) with higher variance. The strong negative association of pH with soluble Zn, Cu, As, Cd and Pb highlights typical sulfide oxidation processes are taking place and supported by a positive correlation with temperature. Dissolution processes of mineral phases indicated by positive association of TDS and EC with Na, Ca and Zn. The data from PCA suggest contributions with potential for active generation of acid mine drainage and dissolution of solid phases influencing the release of PTEs into surface waters.
AB - Historic sulfidic Pb-Zn mining catchments at Leadhills and Wanlockhead, in the south of Scotland, UK have a legacy of mining of PbS (galena) and ZnS (sphalerite) from the 12th century to the 1930s. The mining activities created tailing piles, ponds, adits and contaminated soils that contribute leaching and surface runoff of potentially toxic elements, particularly lead (Pb), which impact on the surface water and groundwater and are rapidly diluted in the wider catchment area. Studies by environmental regulators have shown that Pb, Cd and Zn in water can locally exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), particularly at Leadhills. To evaluate geochemical controls on release, 20 water sources (adits, surface water and near-surface groundwater) were sampled over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) over a 1-year period and characterised. Samples were circum-neutral pH from 6.3 to 7.9 (with average total dissolved solids < 55.0 mg/L), with no characteristics of acid mine drainage. The concentrations of PTEs in the water exceed UK EQS and WHO standards (and non-compliance on the Water Framework Directives). Geochemical modelling (GWB and PHREEQCv2) predicted mineral control on solubility which identified PbSO4 (anglesite), Fe2O3 ferric oxide (hematite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), FeCO3 (siderite), CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite), CaCO3 (calcite), and Ca(Fe.Mg)(CO3)2 (ankerite) to be important. These were confirmed in solid phases analysed from tailings and sediments in contact with the hydrological cycle at the sites. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) of water samples associated with leaching through mine tailings showed strong seasonal variation with some elements (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Na, Ca, Zn) with higher variance. The strong negative association of pH with soluble Zn, Cu, As, Cd and Pb highlights typical sulfide oxidation processes are taking place and supported by a positive correlation with temperature. Dissolution processes of mineral phases indicated by positive association of TDS and EC with Na, Ca and Zn. The data from PCA suggest contributions with potential for active generation of acid mine drainage and dissolution of solid phases influencing the release of PTEs into surface waters.
KW - geochemistry
KW - mine wastes
KW - potentially toxic elements
KW - lead mining
JO - Environmental Earth Sciences
JF - Environmental Earth Sciences
Chukwura UO, Hursthouse AS. Evaluating controls on potentially toxic element release in circum-neutral mine water: a case study from the abandoned Pb-Zn mines of Leadhills and Wanlockhead, South of Scotland, United Kingdom. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2020 Jul 11;79(14). 363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09108-x
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The Richfield Pub set from our AW Amish Collection is made from solid brown maple and comes in an Ashbury finish. The pub table tops are interchangeable and can be ordered in round or rectangular option. Customers can choose from a variety of solid wood barstool options including the Jane saddle stool, the Galveston swivel barstool or the Sierra Barstool. The Richfield pub set is proudly handcrafted by the Amish in Ohio and stained and finished in Indiana, USA.
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Features a duet with David Sylvian, Some Small Hope, which was also issued as a single.
David plays keyboard on P-Machinery and made am (unreleased) gorgeous watery slowed down version of Duel.
David contributes on the first track of this album.


text:
The Governance of Native Wales
(p.252) Chapter 9 The Governance of Native Wales
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208785.003.0011
Kingship was an ancient institution in Wales as in the rest of Europe; but there was still much that was vague about its status and authority. The kings or princes of Wales had no formal or consistent titles; often, indeed, they used no title at all, there was no known inauguration ceremony to install them in office; there was little coherent theory on the status and dignity of kingship to which they could appeal. Some attempt now appears to have been made to remedy this deficiency. The native law-texts, first assembled in their present form in the late twelfth or early thirteenth centuries, may well have formed part of that campaign. They certainly have a strong royalist flavour: they extol the role of kings in making and reforming law.
Keywords: kingship, status, authority, Wales, Europe, kings, princes, titles, law-texts


The species is not native to the area, but since their introduction to Olympic National Park, have become dangerously addicted to human sweat and urine.
Ramon Dompor/The Seattle TimesBlindfolded and sedated mountain goats being flown out of Washington's Olympic National Park.
We've all heard the saying "when pigs fly," but what happens when goats fly?
So far, more than 75 mountain goats have been flown out of Olympic National Park in Washington state as part of a larger plan to remove the species from the area.
According to NPR, the non-native goats have been wreaking havoc on the park by both disrupting the alpine ecosystem and assaulting visitors. The animals crave salt and because the park is not their natural environment, there are no salt licks for them to enjoy, so the goats have to turn to the next best thing: humans.
The mountain goats have been harassing hikers because they are attracted to the salt in human sweat and urine. When the goats see a human, they basically see a walking, talking salt lick.
Goats have been disrupting the natural ecosystem of the national park and attacking humans, even killing a man in 2010, which sparked concern from officials over the aggressive animals.
The National Park Service, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and National Forest Service thus came up with a three- to five-year plan to get rid of the goat problem in the park. The plan is to capture roughly half of 700 of the animals in the park and safely transport them to the North Cascade mountains, where they are a native species.
Ashely Ahearn/NPRA mountain goat in a crate being transported to its new home.
This most recent removal is just one of many planned relocation events. Two more are scheduled for sometime later this year and in 2019.
The Olympic National Park needs the goats out of the area and the North Cascades has seen a recent dip in its mountain goat numbers, so the hope is that moving the goats to the area can help make up for the dwindling numbers. However, David Wallin, a professor in the environmental sciences department at Western Washington University, warns that this plan is just one step in the right direction, not a complete solution.
Workers remove mountain goats from Olympic National Park and relocate them.
The non-native mountain goats first arrived in the area before it was even officially a national park, according to The Seattle Times. In the 1920s, a hunting group from British Columbia and Alaska brought a dozen goats to the area and since then they have multiplied into several hundred.
Now, the mountain goat population in Olympic National Park hovers around 700. The teams hope they can relocate half of those animals but unfortunately, the ones they can't remove will be killed.
According to The Seattle Times, the process to relocate the goats is intensive. The animals are first sedated with drugs, airlifted and placed inside of trucks, and transported to a collection of tents under which they have a wide range of tests conducted on them.
Jesse Major/The Peninsula Daily News via APA blindfolded and sedated mountain goat hanging from a helicopter.
Next, they are fitted with GPS tracking collars, loaded into crates and driven via a refrigerated truck to the North Cascades. All in all, the animals will travel by helicopter, multiple trucks, and a ferry on the journey to their final destination.
This is not the first attempt to help with the mountain goat problem in the national park. According to NPR, several hundred mountain goats were captured across the West in the 1980s. Even though it wasn't a smashing success, the Olympic National Park saw some improvements once some of the environment-trashing goats were gone.
However, because all of the goats weren't removed, the populations returned to normal and have risen steadily each year since.
It seems counterintuitive to remove mountain goats from mountains but in this case, it's key for the survival of both the national park and the animals themselves.
Next, read about Project Isabela where 250,000 goats were slaughtered to save a species. Then, check out this video of the Canadian government airdropping Bison into a national park in order to repopulate the area.


Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer gave the official Democratic Party response to President Donald Trump's remarks Tuesday night.
Other Democrats, like New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, appeared on cable or streaming platforms to share their thoughts as well.
The responses all differed regarding what the Democratic Party's priorities should be.
Ocasio-Cortez went as far as to question whether ICE should be funded at all, while Schumer and Pelosi stressed the need for border security.
While the media has focused on the official Democratic Party response to President Donald Trump's Oval Office remarks given by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, two other prominent lawmakers on the left shared their thoughts in what further emphasized a party being pulled in separate directions.
Though not televised, Sen. Bernie Sanders live streamed his own nine-minute reply to the president on various social media platforms. In his speech, the self-proclaimed socialist and failed presidential candidate contrasted the priorities of Trump with what he saw as the most dire issues facing the country like climate change.
Sanders also dismissed the idea of a crisis on the southern border as "artificial" and one of the president's own making. Throughout his remarks, one never got the impression that Sanders believes immigration security should be a remote concern for members of Congress.
Yet Democratic Party leaders like Schumer and Pelosi chose to focus on the largest problem at hand, namely the government shutdown. Both leaders emphasized the need for border security, choosing to highlight the supposed ineffectiveness of a wall over more modern security solutions.
Issues like climate change, student debt, or health care coverage, all touched on by Sanders, were never mentioned by either Schumer or Pelosi.
Freshman Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez also appeared on MSNBC shortly following her bosses' remarks in what could not have been a more clear break from her party's official line.
Whereas Schumer and Pelosi both wanted to make clear to the American people that their party takes border security seriously, Ocasio-Cortez questioned whether the federal government should be funding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement at all.
Through these three responses, Americans see a Democratic Party struggling to find a coherent counter-message to the president. Whereas Schumer and Pelosi, solidly representing the establishment wing, focused on process and compromise, Sanders and Ocasio-Cortez represented how the Democratic base is slowly starting to speak for the whole party.
In their responses, Ocasio-Cortez and Sanders not only criticized the president, but questioned the priorities of Congress, akin to an implicit attack on Democratic leadership as well.
Congressional Republicans may break with the president over funding for the wall, but Democrats in Washington are already breaking on the entire party's future legislative agenda.


With new detergents designed to work in cold water, select that setting for all but the dirtiest loads. If you have an electric water heater, and a slightly older washer, you'll save up to 50 cents a load, or around $175 a year, because most washer electricity goes toward heating the water. Choose maximum spin speed on your front-load washer and your clothes won't come out as wet, requiring less drying time and energy. If you're only doing one load and not in a hurry, pick dryer settings like Eco mode or energy saver — they typically save energy by using lower temperatures but take a little longer. With a large load of different fabrics, pop open the door about two-thirds through the cycle and pull out dry items: Thinner fabrics won't get wrinkled, and more warm air circulates around the heavier ones. Also don't forget to clean the lint off the screen before each load so your dryer can run more efficiently.
These easy steps, highlighted in our infographic, can turn your whole house into a year-round celebration of Earth Day. And if everyone else takes them, too, these small changes could add up to big financial, energy and pollution savings for our planet.
Horowitz's most recent Op-Ed was "Saying Goodbye to Inefficient 60-Watt Incandescent Bulbs." This Op-Ed was adapted from a post to the NRDC blog Switchboard. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Live Science.


Everyone Who Participated In Massive Anti-Gun March Just Woke To WORST News Of Their Lives Today!
SAY HELLO TO KARMA!!!! Hhhhhhh…….!!!
One of the top news stories of the month is the issue of Second Amendment rights. While it's an ongoing issue, it was sparked to life by the tragic Parkland Florida shooting that claimed the lives of 17 individuals just over a month ago. This very important issue that affects us all, is taking hold with students now. Despite the fact that it's a heavy load for kids to bare, to make them responsible for what adults decide to do with guns, that's just what's happening around the country.
The culmination of the campaign to restrict gun usage was just days ago when those who feel that the country would be safer without the right to bear arms came together in what they called a "March for our Lives." The idea seemed to be to show a united front and tell the world that students, and the adults that trained them, didn't want guns to be a part of everyday American life.
Over this past weekend, thousands of activists marched in Washington D.C. demanding radical gun control measures and vilifying the NRA and Republicans. However, if Google search trends are any indication, the efforts of the activists may be backfiring.
As the Daily Caller first noted, Google searches for the term 'NRA membership' spiked during the March For Our Lives gun control rally.
In other words, Saturday's "March For Our Lives" demonstrated rocketed interest in NRA membership to "peak popularity.
In fact, membership in the NRA and other pro-gun groups have been spiking ever since the Parkland shooting, as more and more Americans seek to protect their Second Amendment rights.
Data for the search term 'NRA membership' dating back to 2004 reveals that searches for the phrase spiked higher over the weekend than it did even in response to the gun control push and campaign against the NRA after Sandy Hook.
What was no doubt meant to be a visual display of a heartfelt plea to stop gun violence, only served to remind the silent majority just how little anti-gun lobbyist understand about freedom. Their theory is that if there are fewer guns on the streets, there will be less chance of shootings.
The reality is that the gun laws were put in place by people who saw first hand that only those in power having firearms ends in tyranny.
"As can be seen in the graph, the baseline interest in the NRA elevated at the start of the Obama-era and has remained at about the same level since, except after major school shootings.
The second major school shooting that shows up on the graph is the Parkland shooting, and, as can be seen, searches for the term 'NRA membership' smashed Google's all-time records for searches for that specific term.
The "march for our lives" started out as a plan to inspire people who might be on the fence about giving up their guns. However, the end result was that more and more people who were apathetic before are realizing that they don't want their rights taken away, even if they had never felt the need to exercise them before. Taking away the option is taking away the right to disagree.
Please share and leave a comment below if you're proud of POTUS!
we have to pray that more and more people realize this President wants to help all of us.
On Friday, President Donald Trump may have well been Barack Obama, signing the $1.3 trillion omnibus bill that only funds the central government for 6 months, but is full of unconstitutional spending that Democrats wanted while giving him virtually nothing in return.
Of course, Trump said that he was "unhappy" about many things in the bill, but tried to put it forth as somewhat of a victory in that he said it was for "national security" purposes that he signed it, meaning it had lots of military spending in it.
He also said he was "very disappointed" that he signed it, but you know what, that just doesn't fly. He said he was considering vetoing the bill, which he should have done due to all the unconstitutional spending that was contained in it, which he probably can't even list. It appears the great "deal maker" has yet to make an actual deal here.
All he was concerned about was military spending, and that military spending is largely not for US defense but for the US empire across the planet.
"As a matter of national security I'll sign this omnibus budget bill," he said. "There are a lot of things I'm unhappy about in this bill. There are a lot of things we shouldn't have had in this bill but we were, in a sense, forced [to] if we want to build our military, we were forced to have.
While I am not one to attack the military, I do think there are principles that should be stood upon, namely the oath of office that Trump and the representatives of the people pledged when they took office and that was to be restricted to the spending that is limited by the Constitution. Neither complied with their oath of office.
In fact, while Trump barely got any border wall money, and that was even restricted to the type of border wall that could be erected, the omnibus bill funds border security for Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, and Tunisia.
The spending package includes $1.6 billion for Trump's long-promised border wall. However, less than half of the nearly 95 miles of border construction that have been approved can be spent on new barriers. The rest may only be used to repair existing structures.
Trump complained that Congress was only given 1,000 minutes to read the over 2,200-page bill.
Even Communist Democrat Ted Lieu thought it was ridiculous.
I agree with Rep @Jim_Jordan. Republican leadership didn't just drop a 2300 page spending bill at night. They also forced a rule waiver that made rank & file Members of Congress vote for the $1.3 trillion bill in less than 24 hours. That is outrageous.
"They created a series of documents that nobody was able to read," Trump said.
So, why didn't you just veto it, Mr. President? You know they don't know what all is in that thing, and Trump doesn't even know what all is in it.
Both Congress and the President are to blame for this, and despite Trump "warning" that he will never sign a bill like this again, just wait till the six months are up and he'll sign another just like it, full of unconstitutional spending. I've told you he would do it before concerning the continuing resolutions and he's done it. I knew he would do it with this, and he's done it. There is no difference here in President Trump and those he complains about in DC. They all are acting outside the parameters of the Constitution.
My goodness! Even Rush Limbaugh "felt" like this was something bad. And it is!
We know that the Senate gave themselves a little bonus, like millions of dollars of bonus. It increased its total salaries of officers and employees by $12.6 million.
However, the Senate was not the only part of Congress to increase its funding. The House of Representatives increased its budget to $1.2 billion.
Again, the problem is not just the Democrats, it's the Republicans, too. Just look at how the Republican leadership promised to fund the border wall to the tune of $15-18 billion in January of 2017. They flat out lied.
Then again, this is the same Paul Ryan who handed Barack Hussein Obama Soetoro Sobarkah everything he wanted in another omnibus bill, which was his first unconstitutional act as Speaker of the House. Remember how conservatives fell for the lie that Ryan is a conservative and how great he was with numbers? I tried to warn people back in 2012, but they wouldn't listen. They called me a liberal and an Obama lover despite the plethora of articles I had written against the Obama administration and the RINOs while defending the Constitution and constitutional spending.
Now, you know but it's too late.
Of course, on the other side, which is really the same side, Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) and Chuck Schumer (D-NY) claimed a victory, though it was not a victory for the American people nor the Constitution. It was a crime against both.
"The distinguished leader has clearly put forth many of the priorities that we're very proud of in a bill that's one yard high," Pelosi said of House Speaker Paul Ryan.
Think about that! That's three feet tall, for one bill that funds DC for 6 months! It's absolutely reprehensible.
She then decided to comment on the timing of the bill and lack of ability for representatives to read it.
Of course, RINO Paul Ryan, who should just associate himself as a Socialist Democrat, only wanted to talk about military spending, ie. American empire building, not military defense.
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London Muslim mayor "US president who doesn't respect Islam should not be welcomed in Britain"
The Muslim mayor of London claims Trump should not be welcomed in the UK for not respecting Islam and Muslims.
Sadiq Khan can not understand how after 9/11 the American president dares not to respect Islam.
That's the conclusion of a nine-month investigation by POLITICO, which found that workers are so lightly protected that six states have no investigators to handle minimum-wage violations, while 26 additional states have fewer than 10 investigators. Given the widespread nature of wage theft and the dearth of resources to combat it, most cases go unreported. Thus, an estimated $15 billion in desperately needed income for workers with lowest wages goes instead into the pockets of shady bosses.
But even those workers who are able to brave the system and win — to get states to order their bosses to pay them what they're owed — confront a further barrier: Fully 41 percent of the wages that employers are ordered to pay back to their workers aren't recovered, according to a POLITICO survey of 15 states.
That's partly because, in addition to lacking resources, states lack the tools to go after the landscaping firms, restaurants, cleaning companies and other employers that shed one corporate skin for another, changing names while essentially continuing the same businesses — often to evade orders to pay back their workers.
This failure to enforce both the minimum hourly wage — $7.25 under federal law — and rules requiring higher pay for overtime distorts the economy, giving advantages to employers who break the law. It allows long-term patterns of abuse to take root in certain service industries, especially restaurants, landscaping and cleaning. Advocates for lowest-wage workers describe families facing eviction and experiencing hunger for lack of money that's owed them. And, nationally, the failure to enforce wage laws exacerbates a level of income inequality that, by many measures, is higher than it's been for the past century.
Interviews with scores of state officials, legal-services advocates and labor specialists indicate that the failure to enforce minimum wages touches every corner of the country, but is especially acute in the six states that have no investigators probing wage violations at all.
All six states that have no minimum-wage investigators are in the South, and in a seventh, Florida, former Gov. Jeb Bush eliminated the state Department of Labor over a period of years in the early 2000s. In theory, its responsibilities were distributed among other state agencies, but in practice Florida failed to undertake a single enforcement action for more than four years. Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Tennessee and Mississippi all have labor agencies, but workers can't file minimum wage or overtime claims with them; they must instead appeal to the U.S. Department of Labor, which takes cases only selectively, based in part on the number of employees involved and the extent of the wrongdoing.
"In Louisiana, it would have a substantial impact on the lives of working families to be able to call someone and say, 'My employer hasn't paid me in three weeks — what do I do?' and to have someone who can go in and help you with that,'' said Andrea Agee, staff attorney at the Workplace Justice Project in New Orleans.
The federal Department of Labor, Agee said, isn't the answer for individual workers, because it only takes cases selectively, and because it, too, lacks resources and is slowed by bureaucracy. "If you're someone in need of a check, reporting a wage claim to the DOL is not going to get you your rent in time," she said.
The federal Department of Labor has 894 investigators — vastly more than any state agency. By historic measures, though, its investigative workforce isn't particularly large. In 1948, when the United States had 23 million workers, the division had 1,000 investigators. Today, the U.S. has seven times as many workers, but slightly fewer federal wage-and-hour investigators than it had 70 years ago.
Politicians who support higher-wage laws are often passionate about the need for higher pay, making the minimum wage one of the most hard-fought issues of recent years. But they give strikingly little attention to the enforcement of those laws, where they could push to add investigators and institute new laws to make it harder for employers to evade enforcement by changing their corporate identities.
Asked to comment on POLITICO's findings, Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown, who helps lead a group of 22 Senate Democrats who support a plan to gradually increase the federal minimum to $15 per hour, and who has pushed his own bill to provide up to $50 million in grants to employers, nonprofits, unions and others who can assist in the enforcement of wage and hour laws, expressed concern but quickly pivoted to the larger issue of raising the minimum wage.
That's little comfort for the workers who fight their way through government bureaucracies and hearings to get their back pay — only to discover that there's no way for the government to collect.
Battles over the minimum wage are fought along ideological lines, with liberals insisting that higher minimums prevent exploitation and support families who otherwise might need government assistance. Conservatives argue that the labor market should dictate wages, and that states, with their widely varying costs of living, are better positioned than the federal government is to set minimums. The 2016 Republican platform proposed that minimum-wage issues should be handled at the state level, and President Donald Trump, who suggested on the campaign trail that the federal minimum "has to go up," has largely avoided the issue.
The issue shows every sign of going to the voters this November. Many Democrats are already stressing the importance of a $15-per-hour "living wage" as a way to energize lower-income voters. Meanwhile, many states have moved to raise their own hourly minimums far above the federal level — with Washington, D.C., requiring $12.50, Washington State demanding $11.50 and California clocking in at $11. Many other states exceed the federal minimum. In addition, federal law continues to require that hourly workers receive time-and-a-half for work beyond 40 hours per week.
But advocates for low-income workers across the country say employers routinely violate these laws, with little fear of getting caught. And even in states with comparatively robust labor departments, enforcement is lax.
"Wage theft is the rule, not the exception, for low-wage workers," said Michael Hollander, a staff attorney at Community Legal Services of Philadelphia, using a term that covers all forms of cheating on wages, including violating minimum-wage laws and overtime rules. Pennsylvania has 31 investigators probing wage and hours violations.
In addition to the six states with no investigators and Florida, which had no enforcement for at least four years, POLITICO's review found that other states, including Arkansas, Ohio and Hawaii have reduced the number of investigators in recent years. Of the states that have investigators for minimum wage, 26 have fewer than 10, according to surveys conducted between September and February. South Dakota has one, for example, and Indiana has one fulltime and one working part time. Meanwhile, two states — Kansas and Iowa — put a monetary ceiling on wage-theft cases they'll pursue: As a matter of policy, these states decline to pursue enforcement actions if the amount involved is too high. In Kansas, the ceiling is $10,000; in Iowa, $5,000.
Workers who are shortchanged on minimum wage or overtime pay have three options: They can hire a private attorney; they can file a complaint with the state labor agency, if it enforces wage claims; or they can file a complaint with the federal Labor Department's Wage and Hour division.
The federal government does a better job than most states in recovering wages: Money changes hands after wage-theft judgments about 90 percent of the time. But that success rate is less impressive when one considers that the Labor Department cherry-picks the cases it takes on, with an eye for those that promise big payouts, and can't enforce payment of state hourly minimum that exceeds the federal rate of $7.25. The federal Labor Department also has more power than many state agencies to impose and collect penalties, reducing employers' incentives to fight back.
Even with those advantages, the federal Labor Department ends up returning, on average, $16 million annually to the Treasury Department because it's unable to locate the workers who are owed the back pay. Typically that's because the claim has taken so long to work its way through the system that the employee has moved and is unreachable. Low-wage workers tend to be more transient than higher-paid workers, and some are undocumented, which makes them reluctant to keep the government fully abreast of their moves.
That leaves state Labor Departments as the prime source of on-the-ground enforcement, but as watchdog agencies tasked with enforcing wage laws, their relationships with local businesses are often adversarial, and business groups often lobby state legislatures to cut their funding. The appetite to fund labor-related investigations shrank further during the past decade as the pro-business GOP acquired control of more state capitals.
In Virginia, where Republicans have controlled both houses in recent years, the Legislature didn't fund its payment-of-wage program for an entire year starting in July 2012. Government officials working in that division were reassigned, and workers in Virginia had no state office through which to recover stolen wages. One year later, when the Legislature restored funding, the division had to be re-created, and the state had to hire new people.
"State labor agencies in the South that enforce wage laws are few and far between," observes Meredith Stewart, a senior staff attorney at the Southern Poverty Law Center.
Arkansas is one of the few that does. As recently as 2014, it had 10 investigators dedicated to wage-theft complaints. But today, it has five, one of whom has had to take on administrative work. Meanwhile, a single attorney is left to handle the agency's wage litigation; to analyze proposed legislation affecting her division; to review her division's regulations; and to provide legal advice to enforcement staff, the attorney told POLITICO in an email.
Lindsay Moore is Arkansas' labor standards manager and he oversees enforcement of wage and hour laws. Cuts to his division, he said, lengthened wait times for employees who file claims to as long as one year. Sometimes, Moore will advise complainants that they'd be better off hiring a private attorney or taking their cases to the federal Labor Department.
"We simply don't have the manpower to work on this in an expedient fashion," said Moore. Often, he said, by the time the labor standards division is ready to take up a case, the worker is "very frustrated with us" and tells Moore to forget about it.
Even states outside the South often lack the personnel necessary to process and enforce claims in a timely manner, though staffing levels vary widely. Idaho (with a population of 1.7 million) has five wage and hour investigators, of whom only one is tasked with making sure that companies actually pay whatever back wages the state says they owe. Missouri (6.1 million) has three. Wisconsin (5.8 million) is more protective of workers, with nine wage-and-hour investigators, all of whom collect back pay.
"When workers cannot collect, it sends the message that such claims are not worth pursuing, that scofflaw employers can profit illegally with impunity, and that the deck is stacked in favor of the relatively rich and powerful," said Sally Dworak-Fisher, attorney at the Public Justice Center in Maryland, which has 11 investigators handling wage claims.
Labor agencies in large, worker-friendly states often boast in news releases about millions recovered in wage-theft enforcement actions. But these same agencies turn reticent when asked what percentage of those wages were successfully extracted from violators and handed over to the wronged workers. That's because a high percentage of those wages never make it to the state, let alone workers.
POLITICO's survey of 15 states with comparable data found that 41 percent of the money assessed against employers who violate wage laws was never recovered. POLITICO compared the total wages assessed to total wages recovered for the 15 states between 2007 and 2017. State figures included many forms of wage theft and enforcement actions depending on what the state reported, including minimum wage, overtime and unpaid wages and benefits. Not all of the states surveyed reported data for each year.
Collection rates varied widely from state to state. Montana recovered $7.9 million of $33.3 million in back pay assessed between 2007 and 2016, just 24 percent. Texas did better, recovering 54 percent of $70.5 million between 2010 and 2016. Indiana recovered $2.3 million of $3.1 million assessed between 2010 and October 2017. Missouri recovered $1.5 million of $2 million in back pay assessed since 2007.
Studies in states whose data wasn't part of POLITICO's survey suggest that they, too, had widely varying rates of recovery of wage-theft cases, though even the best rates still left more than a third of all money unrecovered.
New York recouped about 64 percent of back pay assessed, according to data collected for a 2015 report by the Urban Justice Center, the Legal Aid Society, and the National Center for Law and Economic Justice. Massachusetts recovered in full on 56.3 percent of citations for wage violations between January 2015 and August 2017.
But by its mere willingness to evaluate its success or failure, California is ahead of many states that don't bother to keep track of how much they recover compared to how much they assess. Of the states that had investigators, 15 had comparable statistics for assessment and recovery, four compiled their data in different forms, and 24 could not say what their rate of recovery was. Florida, which did not perform any enforcement action from late 2011 through early 2016, according to records obtained by the publication In These Times and reviewed by POLITICO, did not respond to requests for updated information. And neither Jeb Bush, who as governor eliminated the state Labor Department, nor his spokesperson answered emailed requests for comment.
The recovery percentages from all states pale in comparison to the federal Labor Department's claim that 90 percent of its judgments against employers end with the worker collecting back pay. But some questions have been raised about whether the federal Labor Department's collection rate is really as high as it claims. In 2009, the Government Accountability Office said that the Bush administration's Wage and Hour division "instructed many offices not to record unsuccessful conciliations, making [the division seem] better at resolving conciliations than it actually is." GAO staffers posed as employees struggling to collect back pay and found some wage-and-hour inspectors recorded that they received it when they didn't.
When the Labor Department determines that an employer owes an employee back pay, the agency can require that the employer pay the employee directly, or it can collect the money from the employer and pay the worker itself. A 2015 report from the Office of the Inspector General found that when President Barack Obama's Wage and Hour Division followed this second route, it "did not make reasonable efforts to locate employees" in about 71 percent of cases, according to a random sample.
David Weil, who headed the Wage and Hour department under Obama, said that rebuke has to be viewed in context: Fully 76 percent of back wages are paid directly to workers by their employers, he said, and the amount returned to Treasury represents only 5 percent of the total owed. Weil conceded, however, that Wage and Hour must follow up more aggressively on its wage-and-hour judgments and that it needs to find better ways to locate employees to whom back pay is owed.
In January 2015, he said, the Labor Department created an online application in which workers can enter their names and those of their employers to find out if they're owed back pay.
Even when states and the federal government are able to collect on back pay, the total represents only a fraction of the billions lost each year to wage theft. The Economic Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank, estimated that annual wage thefts top $15 billion; they extrapolated that figure from a study of the 10 most populous states, accounting for more than half the country's population. The vast majority of those dollars are never returned to workers, because employers have many tactics to avoid enforcement, including simply closing up shop.
Many of the service-industry companies that violate wage-and-hour laws have little in the way of brand identity or fixed costs. Their owners can therefore dissolve the business with comparative ease, transferring all assets to a new business entity that operates under a different name. Once the transfer is complete, there's usually little a state labor agency can do to punish the owner, because on paper the offending company no longer exists.
The problem can be exacerbated by the long delays in processing claims. Twelve years ago, the New York state Labor Department ruled that a limousine company called Altour Service owed 25 drivers more than $250,000 in back pay.
Altour Service allegedly charged all its customers a 20 percent gratuity fee and then didn't share that money with its drivers. In 2005, the New York Labor Department ordered the firm to give the drivers nearly $260,000 in back pay. Altour Service appealed that decision to the state Industrial Board of Appeals, which in 2012 upheld the state Labor Department's decision. Altour then appealed again, this time to the New York state Supreme Court appellate division. In 2015, a full 10 years after the initial ruling, the court once again upheld the state Labor Department's decision.
Even after the appellate division upheld the drivers' claim, several told POLITICO that no money changed hands. That was because the company, Altour Service, no longer existed. Even as it continued filing briefs in its court cases, Altour Service dissolved as a company in April 2014.
Altour Service shared an address with a much larger firm, the 1,500-employee Altour International, but that firm has no legal responsibility for its debts, according to Altour Service's attorney.
Even when states determine employers owe their employees wages, a POLITICO survey of 15 states found they didn't recover 41 percent of what was owed.
Like Altour Service, Altour International was run by a businessman named Alexandre Chemla, who remains its president. Altour Service's 2014 certificate of dissolution listed Chemla as chief executive officer and listed 1270 Avenue of the Americas, 15th floor, as the dissolved company's address. Altour Internationalresides at the same address, same floor.
Asked about whether Altour International would speak on its own behalf, Sher responded in an email, "I am in touch with the company, and it has no further comment." Altour International did not respond to a request for comment from Chemla.
Altour Service's former limousine drivers, though, think those who backed Altour Service, and profited from it, should still be held accountable for its debts.
A third driver, lead plaintiff Raymond Hulen, declined to speak to POLITICO directly. But through a friend, Kenneth Brown, he confirmed that he not received any money, either, as of last December. "All the money you spent [to go to court] is way more than it would cost you to reimburse your employees and give them their money back," Brown said, referring to Altour Service.
In general, larger companies avoid the risk of violating wage-and-hour laws by keeping low-wage workers off the payroll. Unlike small businesses, big ones can't easily be dissolved, and they're much more sensitive to bad publicity. They also make fatter targets for wage-theft investigations because they have deeper pockets.
Big companies typically steer clear of low-wage workers through what Weil, who administered the Labor Department's Wage and Hour division under Obama, called "the fissured workplace" in an influential 2014 book of that name.
Weil cited three ways in which a large company typically avoids responsibility for low-wage workers. It can contract hourly work out to another, smaller company — for example, by hiring a janitorial service rather than employing janitors directly. Or the big company can consign hourly work to franchisees; more than 80 percent of McDonald's restaurants are owned not by McDonald's but by McDonald's franchises, who do the hiring and firing. Or the big company can classify certain workers as independent contractors (i.e., "gig" workers), as Federal Express' ground service has done with its drivers.
Whenever "there's attenuated supply chains and so much subcontracting, it's much harder to track down the contractor," Janice Fine, a professor at Rutgers University, explained.
"Fissuring" the workplace has allowed big companies to focus on their core competencies, enhancing productivity. But it's also increased the likelihood that wage-and-hour laws will be violated. Low-wage employers win contracts by bidding low; franchisees, by signing franchise contracts that, especially with big brands, can be financially burdensome; and independent contractors, by working for whatever the buyer is willing to pay. (Independent contractors, who theoretically work on their own, are not covered by minimum-wage laws.) All three downstream arrangements squeeze profit margins, creating, for contractors and franchisees, a potential incentive to cut corners on labor laws.
A large company needn't worry it will be held liable for any wage theft committed by a contractor or franchisee unless it can be demonstrated that the large company's arms-length relationship with the contractor or franchisee's low-wage workers is a fiction. That's difficult to prove.
The Obama administration made it somewhat easier by broadening the legal criteria for classifying a company a so-called joint employer. But the Trump administration reversed that policy in December in a ruling from its majority-Republican National Labor Relations Board.
In September, Trump nominated Cheryl Stanton to lead the Labor Department's Wage and Hour division. Since 2013, Stanton has been executive director of the Department of Employment and Workforce in South Carolina, one of the states that dedicates not a single government employee to investigate minimum wage and overtime violations.
The Labor Department declined to comment on Stanton's dispute with Titus, and declined a request for comment by Stanton, who is awaiting confirmation.
The simplest way to prevent employers from simply closing up shop and avoiding wage-theft judgments would be for both the federal government and state governments to give their labor departments and individuals the authority to file liens, or property claims, even before a state agency or court determines whether the claim has merit, according to workers' advocates. That way, a company's assets would be secured even if the owner tries to close up shop.
Liens are not a new concept. They date back to 1791, when Thomas Jefferson and James Madison requested that the Maryland state Legislature create a so-called mechanics' lien to speed up construction of Washington, D.C. Today, every state has a mechanics' lien allowing a construction worker to, in effect, seize some portion of the property he's helped build if his contractor fails to pay him. In addition, there are about 600 state lien laws that apply to other professions, from jewelers to veterinarians.
Many state governments have given their labor departments the authority to place a lien on an employer's property only after they determine that a worker is owed money. Because a final judgment can take many months, worker advocates say such laws give employers too much time to fold their companies, transfer their assets, or reincorporate under a different name. Prejudgment liens, they argue, would discourage employers from using these tactics.
Wisconsin and Maryland have broad prejudgment liens. Similar bills have been introduced in New York, Connecticut, Washington State, Oregon and California.
Wisconsin's law that allows for prejudgment liens was enacted 1976. Under the law, the state's Department of Workforce Development or a worker claiming wage theft may file a notice of lien in county court before a judgment is reached on the merits of the case. As a result, fully 95 percent of claims filed with the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development were "settled, dismissed or paid in full" between 2007 and 2012," according to an analysis by UCLA and the National Employment Law Project, a left-leaning nonprofit.
On the other hand, Maryland's prejudgment lien law, passed in 2013, has yet to make much difference because its Department of Labor has never used it. One problem, worker advocates in Maryland say, is that many scofflaw employers don't have any assets to seize.
Businesses have fiercely opposed prejudgment lien laws. When California considered prejudgment liens in 2013, a broad coalition of business groups led by the California Chamber of Commerce wrote state legislators that such liens would "cripple California businesses" by allowing liens "on an employer's real property or any property where an employee 'bestowed labor' for an alleged, yet unproven, wage claim." They further argued that the bill would hurt commercial and real estate investments by prioritizing wage theft liens over other liens.
Some alternatives to prejudgment lien laws have been considered. In Texas, Rep. Mary González, a Democrat representing El Paso, introduced a bill in 2016 that would create a database of employers who have failed to pay their workers the wages that they are owed legally. In New York, after The New York Times ran a series on wage theft in New York City nail salons, Gov. Andrew Cuomo issued an executive action that required nail-salon owners to purchase wage bonds to guarantee that workers awarded stolen wages actually receive their money. Under the executive action, if a nail salon owner decided to fold, the surety bond company would pay the workers.
Tools like prejudgment liens and wage bonds might help workers recover their wages, but, advocates insist, they won't be effective without a stronger commitment from states. For states to do a better job enforcing wage and overtime laws, they must first demonstrate that they care enough to devote the manpower necessary. Until they do that, advocates say, the nation's wage-and-hour laws will be followed only when employers feel like doing so.


text:
Instead of Opining Whether President's Actions are Unconstitutional or not as an Attorney -General Ought to, Jayantha Jayasuriya Keeps Mum Saying Its "Inappropriate" to Comment.
By A special Correspondent
Advising one party whose position may be at odds with the President's position could put the Attorney General in a pickle, which may explain why he has declined to give an opinion, lawyers told the Daily FT.
The experts said that, based on views expressed by President Sirisena and the letter from the Speaker querying the constitutionality of Wickremesinghe's sacking, it would have been clear to the AG that they could be opposing parties.
However, experts added that, be that as it may, as a matter of propriety, the AG should advise the President of the unconstitutionality of his actions, and while presenting the position of the President to court (what the President claims and what he feels), the AG owes a duty of care to uphold the Constitution as all civil servants must – by stating to court the correct position under the Constitution (what the law is) without being 'wishy-washy' or trying to push clearly wrong arguments on constitutional interpretation just to keep his client happy.
This, however, requires a degree of integrity and, particularly in the current context, great courage that is often found lacking in the system today, they added.
The 19th Amendment diluted Presidential immunity provisions, making it possible to challenge an official act of the President by a Fundamental Rights Action in the Supreme Court. In such an event, by law the case has to be filed against the Attorney General as representing the President, and not the President in person. Thus, the AG will be required to defend and represent the actions of the President, these experts said.
Lawyers' opinion follows the Attorney General refusing to provide his viewpoint yesterday on the sacking of Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, according to a statement from the Speaker's Office – a day after a newly appointed Government Spokesman claimed the AG believed the sacking was constitutional and when the country's political crisis had entered its sixth day.
Holding the first 'Cabinet' press briefing of the newly installed Government on Tuesday, Minister Mahinda Samarasinghe, who was recently appointed Government Spokesman, had claimed the AG had provided an opinion that President Maithripala Sirisena's sacking of Wickremesinghe was legal. Minister Samarasinghe also claimed at the briefing on Wednesday that Speaker Karu Jayasuriya was concealing the ruling. Yesterday, Speaker Jayasuriya's Office released a statement, contesting Minister Samarasinghe's charge.
He had received no such opinion so far, and the statement was false, the Speaker's Office said.
Speaker Jayasuriya also released a copy of a letter from Attorney General Jayantha Jayasuriya, dated 30 October, in response to a letter dated 28 October from the Speaker's Office.
Daily FT learned that AG Jayasuriya was out of the island and only returned to Colombo on Monday.
Speaker Jayasuriya sought an opinion from the AG as calls mounted for him to reconvene Parliament, which was prorogued last Saturday, soon after President Sirisena sacked Wickremesinghe as Prime Minister and installed former President Mahinda Rajapaksa in the post. Constitutional experts have called the sacking unconstitutional, with some analysts even calling the removal a 'constitutional coup'.
Legal experts said the AG had to be cautious in his response because he may be compelled to represent the position of President Sirisena in future litigation.
« Newly Appointed Finance Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa Wants to Move Away from Liberalisation Policies and Promote Populist,Protectionist Policies Including Farmer Subsidies,Tax Reduction and Fuel Price Formula Abolition.
The Speaker has the Constitutional Responsibility to the Nation to Summon Parliament While Informing the President It is Being Done to Prevent the President from Violating His Own Constitutional Responsibility. »


TWO Hampshire men who subjected two innocent animals to "horrific" ordeals have received suspended prison sentences.
Scott Bicknell and George Cole both caused unnecessary suffering to animals at a property in Upham, near Bishop's Waltham.
In one instance, Bicknell, 42, encouraged two dogs to maul a rabbit. In the other, Cole, 76, failed to provide veterinary care in respect of a lurcher dog.
The case was bought to Southampton Magistrates' Court by the RSPCA, where the men pleaded guilty.
Chief inspector Will Mitchell, from thecharity, said: "A mobile phone was seized as part of a separate police operation which led to evidence of animal welfare concerns being uncovered and prompted warrants at two addresses in Hampshire. On the phone – which belonged to another man who isn't part of our investigations – we found videos and Whatsapp messages.
The RSPCA joined Hampshire Police to execute warrants at two addresses in April.
There, officers found a female lurcher collapsed in a pile of hay in a barn.
CI Mitchell added: "The vet checked her immediately and she cried out in pain when he touched her.
"Her breathing was laboured and she was shaking. She was emaciated and weak.
The dog was put to sleep to end her suffering.
Bicknell, of Kiln Lane, Alresford, was handed a 12-week prison term, suspended for two years, and was ordered to complete 80 hours of unpaid work. He was also ordered to pay £300 in costs and a £115 victim surcharge.
Cole, of Alma Lane, Upham, was handed a 12-week prison term, suspended for two years, and was ordered to pay £300 costs and a £140 victim surcharge. He was disqualified from keeping all animals for five years.
Cole was disqualified from keeping all animals for two years.
Once again, ludicrous punishment (why in god's name only a suspended sentence?) and why, oh why don't they ban these bastards for life from ever having contact with or owning dogs. It's hardly teaching them a lesson nor is it encouraging others from following in their footsteps. I despair.


text:
namespace _10.BookLibraryExtension
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Linq;

    public class BookLibraryExtension
    {
        private const string Format = "dd.MM.yyyy";
        public const string inputFilePath = "input.txt";
        public const string outputFilePath = "output.txt";

        static void Main()
        {
            using (StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText(outputFilePath))
            {
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(new FileStream(inputFilePath, FileMode.Open)))
                {
                    while (!reader.EndOfStream)
                    {
                        int n = int.Parse(reader.ReadLine());

                        List<Book> library = new List<Book>();

                        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                        {
                            string[] input = reader.ReadLine().Split();

                            library.Add(
                                new Book(
                                    input[0],
                                    input[1],
                                    input[2],
                                    DateTime.ParseExact(input[3], Format, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                                    input[4],
                                    decimal.Parse(input[5])));
                        }

                        DateTime date = DateTime.ParseExact(reader.ReadLine(), Format, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

                        library
                            .Where(x => x.ReleaseDate > date)
                            .OrderBy(x => x.ReleaseDate)
                            .ThenBy(x => x.Title)
                            .ToList()
                            .ForEach(x => writer.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", x.Title, x.ReleaseDate.ToString("dd.MM.yyyy")));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public class Book
    {
        // title, author, publisher, release date(in dd.MM.yyyy format), ISBN-number and price.
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public string Author { get; set; }

        public string Publisher { get; set; }

        public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }

        public string ISBN { get; set; }

        public decimal Price { get; set; }

        public Book(string title, string author, string publisher, DateTime releaseDate, string ISBN, decimal price)
        {
            this.Title = title;
            this.Author = author;
            this.Publisher = publisher;
            this.ReleaseDate = releaseDate;
            this.ISBN = ISBN;
            this.Price = price;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A view from Nick Theakstone
MediaCom success shows ISBA is wrong about media agencies
MediaCom's 'staggering' wins at the Campaign Media Awards shows the extent to which it delivers for clients, says Group M's UK chief executive.
Nick Theakstone
On Wednesday evening, at the Campaign Media Awards, MediaCom received an almighty accolade for all of the hard work, endeavour, thought, care and attention they put into their work.
The MediaCom team deserves the highest praise for what has to be the best result of any agency in the history of the awards. It won a staggering 10 out of the 22 Campaign Media Awards categories which is arguably one of the top indicators of excellence and success against industry competitors. That's work for its clients and work that is awarded for its brilliance because it delivers outstanding results for the clients.
MediaCom's priority to deliver for its clients and to do the best for them is inherent across all of the work we saw on display at the awards and is very much reflected in the awards result. Others won awards as well and should be congratulated along with all of those who gained nominations, not least fellow GroupM agency winners Mindshare and MEC.
I want to take this opportunity to congratulate MediaCom on its unparalleled success, which adds to accolades this year from M&M Global for Agency of the Year to a tranche of awards at 2016 Global Festival of Media Awards and other commendations.
I see this as a bold counterpoint to comments from ISBA director Debbie Morrison who has been reported in the press saying, "We're at a tipping point, we've got to do something. I don't believe that [the media agencies] have got the best interests of their clients at heart anymore."
On reflection, and with the outstanding awards results seen not only this week but across the year, I have two comments on this thinking.
First, it is an insult to all of the people across our business who work incredibly hard to not only do the right thing by their clients, but also live and breathe their clients' requirements, requests and challenges – always going above and beyond to deliver success for them. Across all of the GroupM agencies, not just MediaCom, we strive to find the best solutions for our clients which generate the best business results. This is top-of-mind within every campaign we run.
Secondly, I hope that anyone questioning the value of media agencies will take the time to immerse themselves in the outstanding work that MediaCom and other winners at the Campaign Media Awards put forward. This will help to really understand the extent to which media agencies deliver for clients.
When taken in context of the challenges presented by mammoth changes in the way consumers interact with media, I am confident anyone can recognise the best intentions, the dedication and the value.
Nick Theakstone is chief executive at Group M UK.
Advertising Media buying MediaCom
Media business rankings
Group M appoints European heads for data business m[Platform]
Huddle 2016: Harnessing the power of 'Good'
ISBA appoints marketing veteran Phil Smith as director general
The dark matter of culture and its impact on markets
It's a ten for MediaCom at Campaign Media Awards
WPP reports advertising slowdown in UK
The media industry should embrace hygge
PHD and ITV storm Media Week Awards
MediaCom works with Facebook on new social media-friendly content service
MediaCom picks Carat's Reid for joint MD role


text:
GovGUIDE Red Chamber
Government Representative
Marc Gold
Government Representative in the Senate
Law professor and community activist
Senator Marc Gold is a former law professor and associate dean at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto. He previously held the positions of vice-president of Maxwell Cummings & Sons Holdings Limited and adjunct professor at the faculty of law at McGill University.
He is the former president of the Jewish Federations of Canada and a member of the executive committee of the Jewish Agency for Israel, while he also received an honorary doctorate from Bar Ilan University in 2012 and the Samuel Bronfman Medal from Federation CJA in 2015.
Want to see Marc's full profile?


text:
L'arrondissement de Sarrebourg () correspond à l'arrondissement français de Sarrebourg à l'époque de l'empire allemand et sous le Troisième Reich.

Contexte
Un arrondissement allemand correspond à un arrondissement français. Ce découpage administratif fut instauré en Moselle en 1871, à la suite de l'annexion de l'Alsace-Lorraine, puis rétabli en 1940, avec l'annexion de la Moselle.

Organisation territoriale
Pendant la première annexion allemande, le district de Lorraine désignait ce qui deviendra le département de la Moselle en 1918. Il constituait avec le district de Haute-Alsace et le district de Basse-Alsace l'Alsace-Lorraine. Le district de Lorraine comprenait l'arrondissement de Boulay, l'arrondissement de Château-Salins, l'arrondissement de Forbach, l'arrondissement de Metz-Campagne, l'arrondissement de Sarrebourg, l'arrondissement de Sarreguemines, l'arrondissement de Thionville-Est et l'arrondissement de Thionville-Ouest.

En 1940, le département de la Moselle devint le CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen et fut rattaché au Gau Westmark.

Population de l'arrondissement

Administrateurs civils ( Kreisdirektor)
1871: Julius von Freyber
1876: Bernhard Hartenstein
1882: Julius Siegfried
1887: Rabe
1888: Gustav von Liebenstein
1893:
1912: Krieger

Seconde Guerre mondiale
La Moselle étant de nouveau annexée à l'Allemagne en , le district de Lorraine fut rétabli pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'arrondissement faisait partie du CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen, nouvelle division territoriale intégrée au  Gau Saarpfalz, renommé Westmark en 1942. Libéré par les forces alliées fin 1944, l'arrondissement de Sarrebourg a été rétabli par la France.

Administrateurs civils (Landkommissar - Landrat)
1940: Willi Walch
1940: Schäck
1942: Schlessmann
1942: Hermann Drum (mars-octobre).
1943: Schäck

Notes et références

Voir aussi
Arrondissement de Sarrebourg : Division administrative actuelle de la Moselle.
District de Lorraine : Division administrative de la Moselle de 1871 à 1918.
CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen : Division administrative de la Moselle de 1940 à 1945.

District de Lorraine
CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
Sarrebourg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Founded in 1995, Richard Henshaw Group LLC is a boutique literary Agency based in New York City with partner agencies in Hollywood and abroad. We specialize in popular fiction and non-fiction and are affiliated with a variety of writers' organizations. Our clients include New York Times Best Sellers and recipients of major awards in fiction and non-fiction. The Agency is a member of the Association of Authors' Representatives (AAR).
We do not represent children's books, screenplays, short fiction, poetry, textbooks, scholarly works or coffee-table books.
We only consider works between 65,000-150,000 words.
Richard Henshaw holds a BA in English with a minor in Philosophy from Franklin & Marshall College. Upon graduation, he moved to New York City where he briefly worked for a law firm and studied at New York University's Publishing Institute before joining Richard Curtis Associates in the fall of 1987 where, over the course of eight years, he rose to the position of full agent with a concentration on popular fiction. He also held the title of Director of Foreign Rights and was responsible for marketing the translation rights to over 150 professional writers. In 1995 he formed Richard Henshaw Group LLC, where he continues to focus on popular fiction as well as a wide variety of nonfiction and is a specialist in the marketing of translation rights. He is a member of the Association of Authors' Representatives and has served for over ten years on the organizations' International Rights Committee.
After thirteen years with the agency, Susannah Taylor has recently resigned to pursue interests outside of the publishing industry. She will be missed.


A big welcome to the lovely Rachel from Sun Scholars! A lovely blog that I have been following for quite some time! As Rachel is currently living in China, I thought it would be lovely to have a wonderful guest post about Chinese New Year as part of the "New Year's Eve" Tradition series. Great for now and great for the Chinese New Year itself. Over to Rachel.
Hi, I am Rachel from Sun Scholars… and I can't tell you how excited I am to be sharing at Red Ted Art today! This is one of my most favorite places on the web for fun and crafty ideas for the kids, so I am honored to be here. My family is living in China as expats for a few years, and when I have time, I share a bit about that along with my own craftiness over at my blog, SunScholars. Today, I'm sharing with you a special, Chinese tradition for the New Year.
For the Chinese, the Chinese New Year is the greatest celebration of the year. Because the Chinese follow the lunar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls sometime in January or February, and not on January 1st as we would recognize it. For 2013, the Chinese New Year is on February 10th. It marks the coming of spring even though many parts of China are still VERY cold at that time. Their actions and intentions all hold great significance in welcoming prosperity, happiness, and good fortune for the year ahead.
The Chinese New Year holds many special traditions. One of those is the red envelope. Unlike our Christmas where we exchange various gifts, the Chinese give money. You don't see people flocking to the stores for their Chinese New Year shopping… only to purchase a new outfit. New clothing is always worn for Chinese New Year as an important symbol for starting anew. Even the children are given gifts of money in the Chinese New Year rather than toys. This money is ALWAYS given in a red envelope with gold lettering.
This is a red envelope that would be given to a child. The children's envelopes will sometimes include cartoon characters, such as this one. For the Chinese New Year, it is also common for people to keep a pocket with these envelopes containing money to give to children they might pass during the day.
The money placed inside is also very significant! You only place nice, crisp bills inside and never coins. You would never include a value with a '4', such as $40, or $140, because in Chinese the pronunciation of '4' is the same as the pronunciation (homophone) of 'death'. For the same reason, '6' is good for business, and '8' is the best of all. An '8' in Chinese sounds like the word 'prosper', and '88' means 'double happiness'. A gift of $88 would be much more appreciated than a gift of $100, because of the meaning behind it!
So I've put together a simple little tutorial so you can make your own red envelope in celebration of the coming Chinese New Year!
1. Measure your bill! I just happen to have a purse full of Chinese Yuan, but you likely do not… so I am not giving you my measurements. Add 1/4″ to your length and width measurements.
I used a cup to trace the rounded edges for the flaps.
3. Fold and glue! Fold along the dotted lines as shown in the template image in Step 2.
Add your glue to the top of the small side flap and the bottom flap so you can form your envelope by gluing the back flap into place.
Once you've got the envelope formed, make sure your money fits inside!
Fold the back flap down and use a pencil to draw where the flap ends on the back of the envelope, like in the image below.
Open the flap and draw a semicircle up from the line you drew. This is the line you will use an exacto knife to carefully cut to form a flap to close your envelope.
We tucked the corner of a cutting board into the end of the envelope so we didn't cut through to the front of our envelope. Carefully cut along the semi-circle.
Erase your pencil markings, and test out the closure. You should be able to secure the top flap closed by tucking it into your cut semi-circle like you see below.
5. Add Some Good Luck!
All red envelopes have gold lettering wishing happiness, luck, or prosperity for the recipient. The fish is a very important symbol for the Chinese New Year because it is also a homophone for the word 'wealth' in Chinese. Red is always used because it also represents good luck.
I asked my Ayi what is common to find written on red envelopes for the Chinese New Year. She gave me this. The first two characters mean 'year, year' and repeated mean 'every year', the third means 'to have', and the last means 'wealth'… or in the case of the character below, 'gold'. The last character that I have drawn on my envelope is the one my ayi gave me… close to the one below, but not exactly. The character drawn last on my envelope is a homophone for 'fish' but means 'wealth'.
I wrote these in pencil on the envelope and drew a picture of a fish to then cover with gold glitter.
Here is the finished envelope! Ready to fill with money and pass onto someone special for the Chinese New Year!
Thank you so much Rachel for sharing your wonderful tutorial and crafty session for us! I do hope you stop by at SunScholars and check out Rachel's wonderful blog! In the mean time – Happy New Year!!
Maggy, thank you so much for having me!!! Thrilled to be sharing at Red Ted Art! xoxo Hope you and your family had a wonderful Christmas… and Happy New Year!!!
My pleasure Rachel!! A pleasure to have you!!
What a lovely post. I really enjoyed learning more about the little red envelopes. Thanks to Rachel for this.
It is a lovely post, isn't it?