text:
Q: Flask / jinja how to calculate average I am trying to study jinja / flash / python combination, but having problems. I found this kind of example from the internet and got it working nicely, but now i'd want to improve the code and dont know how. I tried many different kind of actions to print the average of grades that are given by user, but can't get it to work.
anyone know how to help?
grades.html
<form action = "result" method = "POST">

Name <input type = "text" name = "Name" />

Gymnastics <input type = "text" name = "Gymnastics" />

English <input type = "text" name = "English" />

Maths <input type ="text" name = "Maths" />

<input type = "submit" value = "submit" />

</form>

result.html
    <!doctype html>

    {% for key, value in result.items() %}

        {{ key }}
        {{ value }}

    {% endfor %}

app.py
    from flask import Flask, render_template, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def student():
   return render_template('grades.html')

@app.route('/result',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def result():
   if request.method == 'POST':
      result = request.form
      return render_template("result.html",result = result)

Ok so it's working nicely, but how can I improve my code and print the average of all these posted grades?

A: To calculate the grades add them up and divide by the number of grades. Or you could use the statistics.mean() function:
import statistics

@app.route('/result',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def result():
    subjects = ['Gymnastics', 'English', 'Maths']
    if request.method == 'POST':
        result = request.form.to_dict()
        average = statistics.mean([float(result[subject]) for subject in subjects])
        result['average'] = f'{average:.2f}'
        return render_template("result.html",result = result)

This code extracts the grades for each known subject and converts them to float values. The average is calculated, converted to a string to 2 decimal places, and placed into the result dict so that it is available in the template.
The template will display the result, however, you might want to format it more nicely.


text:
package com.microsoft.azure.management.network.implementation;

import com.microsoft.azure.management.network.ProvisioningState;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.microsoft.rest.serializer.JsonFlatten;
import com.microsoft.azure.Resource;

/**
 * Network watcher in a resource group.
 */
@JsonFlatten
public class NetworkWatcherInner extends Resource {
    /**
     * A unique read-only string that changes whenever the resource is updated.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "etag")
    private String etag;

    /**
     * The provisioning state of the resource. Possible values include:
     * 'Succeeded', 'Updating', 'Deleting', 'Failed'.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.provisioningState", access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private ProvisioningState provisioningState;

    /**
     * Get the etag value.
     *
     * @return the etag value
     */
    public String etag() {
        return this.etag;
    }

    /**
     * Set the etag value.
     *
     * @param etag the etag value to set
     * @return the NetworkWatcherInner object itself.
     */
    public NetworkWatcherInner withEtag(String etag) {
        this.etag = etag;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the provisioningState value.
     *
     * @return the provisioningState value
     */
    public ProvisioningState provisioningState() {
        return this.provisioningState;
    }

}

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A card with 52 signatures and the home town of participant on the Initial Training Wing course.
Syd Marshall's Airman's Alphabetical Index card.
The page is captioned '121 Intake I.T.W Bridlington'.
Photograph 1 is of 53 airmen arranged in seven rows.
Photograph 2 is a head and shoulders portrait of Syd Marshall wearing a side cap with white flash.
The page is captioned 'I.T.W. Bridlington'.
Head and shoulders portrait of cadet Bill Bailey aged 18, in training at Bridlington in November 1943.


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Description In urban Guatemala, hundreds fill the streets trying to make a living. They are part of the informal economy – selling their produce and creations on the corner, while others hold out their hands in hopes that a generous passerby will part with a coin or two. This musician offers a tune for spare change…the only way he knows to get by.
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The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency failed to effectively monitor and investigate the sales practices at Wells Fargo & Co. that eventually led to the bank's cross-selling scandal, according to an internal OCC watchdog report released publicly on Wednesday.
The April 19 report by the OCC's Office of Enterprise Governance and the Ombudsman found that banking regulators failed to spot possible problems with sales practices at Wells Fargo's community banking division dating back to early 2010. The watchdog recommended nine general steps the OCC's large bank supervision division should take to improve their practices in the wake of one of the most prominent banking scandals in recent history.
The report detailed several instances in which OCC supervisors didn't address "ongoing red flags" about the bank's sales incentives program, which tried to encourage retail bankers to sell up to eight accounts per customer. The watchdog "found no evidence that supervisory activities included in-depth review and testing of monitoring systems and controls" over incentives-based sales compensation or sales integrity, according to the report.
To remedy some of these shortcomings in the future, Wednesday's report recommended changes to the OCC's large bank supervision division by improving responsiveness to whistleblower complaints and creating a new process to "evaluate the need for a horizontal survey or analysis of other large banks to determine if the issue is systemic" when future supervisory problems are uncovered.
The OCC is "in the process of implementing actions" related to the recommendations, OCC spokesman Bryan Hubbard wrote in a statement. Hubbard noted the report is "consistent" with Comptroller of the Currency Thomas Curry's previous comments that the OCC "can and must do better" when supervising sales activities at banks.


A bit tired of classic and geometrical shapes? Looking for something different? Voil !
This stunning Sterling SIlver and Diamond CZ Butterfly ring has it all-modern design with it's glossy polished black ceramic double shank, and a playful touch-eye-catching butterfly connector, that looks amazing with a plain T-shirt as well as with a more sofisticated business our cocktail outfit!


text:
Q: Console does not output anything (Eclipse Java) The console has broken today for seemingly no reason. My past programs, which did output to console are now not outputting. If I even just type System.out.println("abc"); nothing will come out. Any ideas? I tried a bunch from similar questions to no avail.

A: Check whether you are looking at wrong console. Eclipse groups different programs consoles together, and shows only one active console.
Right click on console icon with + symbol on top right corner of your Console window. It will list all active/in-active list of console windows.
if there is more than one console listed, then it is possible that one of that console contains your program output.
if you still can't find it, then the best bet would be to rest current perspective. Right click on current Prospective on top Right corner of your eclipse, then select Reset and click on ok.

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8-Week Saturday morning class to assist you with growing your business!
Learn proven methods to grow your business by preparing a solid business plan. Topics covered include: Sales/Marketing,Accounting & Financial Management and Operations.
Participants should be residents of the city of LA or have businesses in the city.
RSVP for Business Plan Workshop Sponsored by City of LA BusinessSource and Vermont Slauson Economic Development Corporation to add comments!


> > "Mounting file systems"
> I didn't implement jffs2_remount_fs yet. 'mount -orw,remount' should be a NOP.
to prove that of course.
> doing at the time?
What is this? and how do I do it?
> JFFS2 have to do to get a whole point?
:), run over a weekend! Not asking that much am I?
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OILINATOR® OIL ONLY Heavy Duty 55 Gallon capacity all weather kit aggressively and rapidly absorbs oil, diesel, jet, gasoline, hydraulic, trans fluid, solvents & more on land and water. Included in the durable plastic drum with locking lid are (3) Incredisorb® .9 cubic foot bags of our super-efficient 100% recycled American sorbent material that successfully passed review by the stringent U.S. E.P.A. and California Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, 2 extra Incredisorb® Power Paks, a 30"x 38" Oilinator® super sorbent mat, 6" x 10' Super Sorbent Flexible Flat Boom,(10) Heavy Duty 15" x 18" Power Mats, safety glasses, gloves and disposal bag. Save money by simply refilling the contents as they are used. Green product – proudly made using 100% recycled American sorbent material whenever possible. Non- toxic and won't harm the environment.


text:
Q: Finding value of determinant, Where $A+B+C+P+Q+R=0$ Finding value of Determinant $$\begin{vmatrix}
\tan (A+P) & \tan(B+P)  & \tan(C+P)\\\\
 \tan (A+Q)& \tan (B+Q)  & \tan (C+Q)\\\\
 \tan (A+R)&\tan (B+R)  & \tan(C+R)
\end{vmatrix}$$ for all values of $A,B,C,P,Q,R$ Where $A+B+C+P+Q+R=0$
I did not understand how to start it, Could some help me, Thanks

A: We have that if $X+Y+Z = 0$, then $\tan X+ \tan Y+\tan Z = \tan X \tan Y \tan Z$.
Hence for example $$\tan (A+P) \tan (B+Q) \tan (C+R) = \tan (A+P) +\tan (B+Q) +\tan (C+R)$$
Hence when you expand from R1, the determinant expands as
$$\begin{align} & \left(\tan (B+Q) +\tan (C+R)-\tan (C+Q) - \tan (C+R)\right)\\
+ & \left(\tan (C+Q)+\tan (A+R) - \tan (A+Q)-\tan (C+R)\right)\\
+ & \left(\tan (A+Q)+\tan (B+R) - \tan (A+R) - \tan (B+Q)\right)\end{align} = 0$$

A: The determinant at hand evaluates to $0$ under given assumption $A+B+C+P+Q+R = 0$.
To prove this, we need an determinant identity.
Let $[n] = \{ 1, 2, \ldots, n \}$. Given any $2n$ complex numbers $s_1,\ldots,s_n; t_1, \ldots, t_n$, construct two
$n \times n$ matrices $U$, $V$ whose entries at $j^{th}$ row and $k^{th}$ column have the form
$$U = \left(\frac{1}{s_j + t_k}\right)_{j,k\in [n]}
\quad\text{ and }\quad
V = \left(\frac{s_j - t_k}{s_j + t_k}\right)_{j,k\in [n]}$$
The determinant of $U$ is the so called Cauchy double alternant, one can show that (see this for a proof):
$$\det[U] = \frac{\prod_{1 \le j < k \le n}(s_j - s_k)(t_j - t_k)}{\prod_{j=1}^n\prod_{k=1}^n (s_j+t_k)}$$
As one can see below, what we really need is an expression of $\det[V]$.
Padding $V$ to a $(n+1)\times(n+1)$ matrix and using linearity of determinant in  its first row, we have
$$\det[V] =
\frac12\det \begin{bmatrix}
2 & 0_{1\times n}\\
-1_{n\times 1} & V
\end{bmatrix}
=
\frac12\det \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 1_{1\times n}\\
-1_{n\times 1} & V
\end{bmatrix}
+
\frac12\det \begin{bmatrix}
1 & -1_{1\times n}\\
-1_{n\times 1} & V
\end{bmatrix}
$$
For both matrices on RHS, adding first row to the remaining rows give us
$$\begin{align}
\det[V]
&=
\frac12\det \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 1_{1\times n}\\
0_{n\times 1} & \left(\frac{2s_j}{s_j + t_k}\right)_{j,k\in [n]}
\end{bmatrix}
+
\frac12\det \begin{bmatrix}
1 & -1_{1\times n}\\
0_{n\times 1} & \left(\frac{-2t_k}{s_j + t_k}\right)_{j,k\in [n]}
\end{bmatrix}\\
&= \frac12\det\left[\frac{2s_j}{s_j + t_k}\right]_{j,k\in [n]}
+ \frac12\det\left[\frac{-2t_k}{s_j + t_k}\right]_{j,k\in [n]}\\
&= 2^{n-1}\left(\prod_{j=1}^n s_j + (-1)^n \prod_{k=1}^n t_k\right)\det[U]
\end{align}
\tag{*1}
$$
In particular, for $n = 3$, this reduces to
$$\det\left[\frac{s_j - t_k}{s_j+t_k}\right]_{j,k\in [3]} = 4(s_1s_2s_3 - t_1t_2t_3)\det\left[\frac{1}{s_j+t_k}\right]_{j,k\in [3]}\tag{*2}$$
Back to original problem, if we change variables to $$(\theta_1,\theta_2,\theta_3, \phi_1, \phi_2,\phi_3) = (P,Q,R,-A,-B,-C)$$
The determinant at hand becomes
$$\begin{align}
\det\left[\tan(\theta_j - \phi_k)\right]_{j,k\in[3]}
&= \det
\left[\frac{\sin(\theta_j - \phi_k)}{\cos(\theta_j - \phi_k)}\right]_{j,k\in[3]}
= \det\left[-i
\frac{e^{i(\theta_j - \phi_k)} - e^{-i(\theta_j - \phi_k)}}
{e^{i(\theta_j - \phi_k)} + e^{-i(\theta_j - \phi_k)}}
\right]_{i,j\in[3]}\\
&= (-i)^3\det\left[
\frac{e^{2i\theta_j} - e^{2i\phi_k}}{e^{2i\theta_j} + e^{2i\phi_k}}
\right]_{j,k\in[3]}
\end{align}
$$
This has the form of $\det[V]$ with $s_j = e^{2i\theta_j}$ and $t_k = e^{2i\phi_k}$. By $(*2)$, this determinant contains the expression $s_1s_2s_3 - t_1t_2t_3$ as a factor.
Notice the condition $A + B + C + P + Q + R = 0$ implies
$$\sum_{j=1}^3 \theta_j = \sum_{k=1}^3 \phi_k
\quad\implies\quad
s_1s_2s_3 = e^{2i\sum_{j=1}^3\theta_j} = e^{2i\sum_{k=1}^3\phi_k} = t_1t_2t_3$$
As a result, the determinant at hand evaluates to $0$ under given assumption.
In general, for determinant of the form $\left[\tan(\alpha_j+\beta_k)\right]_{j,k\in [n]}$, we can start from $(*1)$ and simplify it trigonometrically to:
$$(-1)^{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor}
\frac{\prod_{1\le j<k \le n}\sin(\alpha_j-\alpha_k)\sin(\beta_j-\beta_k)}{\prod_{j=1}^n\prod_{k=1}^n \cos(\alpha_j+\beta_k)}\times \begin{cases}
\cos\left(\sum_{\ell=1}^n(\alpha_\ell+\beta_\ell)\right), & n \text{ even}\\
\sin\left(\sum_{\ell=1}^n(\alpha_\ell+\beta_\ell)\right), & n \text{ odd}\\
\end{cases}
$$
Setting $(\alpha_1,\alpha_1,\alpha_3,\beta_1,\beta_2,\beta_3) = (P,Q,R,A,B,C)$, we find the determinant at hand equals to
$$- \frac{
\begin{array}{cl}
&\sin(A-B)\sin(A-C)\sin(B-C)\\
\times & \sin(P-Q)\sin(P-R)\sin(Q-R)
\end{array}
}{
\begin{array}{cl}
& \cos(A+P)\cos(A+Q)\cos(A+R)\\
\times & \cos(B+P)\cos(B+Q)\cos(B+R)\\
\times & \cos(C+P)\cos(C+Q)\cos(C+R)
\end{array}
}
\times \sin(A+B+C+P+Q+R)
$$
It is the last factor $\sin(A+B+C+P+Q+R)$ which forces the determinant at hand to vanish under the condition $A+B+C+P+Q+R = 0$.

A: We want to find the determinant of this Matrix.
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
Tan(A+P) & Tan(B+P) & Tan(C+P)\\
Tan(A+Q) & Tan(B+Q) & Tan(C+Q)\\
Tan(A+R) & Tan(B+R) & Tan(C+R)
\end{pmatrix}
$$
The determinant of this matrix gives us \to
$$
-Tan(A+R) \cdot Tan(B+Q) \cdot Tan(C+P)\\
+Tan(A+Q) \cdot Tan(B+R) \cdot Tan(C+P)\\
+Tan(A+R) \cdot Tan(B+P) \cdot Tan(C+Q)\\
-Tan(A+P) \cdot Tan(B+R) \cdot Tan(C+Q)\\
-Tan(A+Q) \cdot Tan(B+P) \cdot Tan(C+R)\\
+Tan(A+P) \cdot Tan(B+Q) \cdot Tan(C+R)
$$
But I still don't know how to depress it after this, even though you said
$
A+B+C+P+Q+R = 0
$


text:
0800 AUDIENCE (28343623) sales@audiencealive.com
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60 Sec Overview
In these Terms and Conditions the following terms shall, unless the context otherwise requires have the meanings set out below:
"Company" means Satellite Visual Communication FZCO whose registered number is 396 and whose registered office is situated at Dubai Silicon Oasis, Po Box 341202 Dubai UAE. Audience Alive™ is a registered brand of Satellite Visual Communication FZCO that also can be referred to as "Company"
"Contract" means any agreement between The Company and the Customer for the supply of Products, which expressly or by implication incorporates these Terms and Conditions.
"Customer" means the party named in the invoice.
"Delivery Address" means the address as the point of delivery as notified by the Company to the Customer.
"Delivery Date" means the delivery date as notified by the Company to the Customer.
"Hardware" means the hardware components of the Company's products including all ancillary equipment, accessories, spares, supplies and related documentation.
"Invoice" means the invoice prepared by the Company and issued to the Customer.
"License Agreement" means the terms and conditions governing the supply of software, whether the Company's own software or third party software, which the Company is authorized to supply to the Customer.
"Price" means the total price for the Products as specified in the invoice.
"Products" means products or services offered by the Company, including maintenance and support, training and education, and consultancy services.
"Software" means any operating system, utility or applications software delivered by the Company in machine readable object, printed interpreted or any other form whatsoever and either incorporated with Hardware or separately supplied, including related documentation.
"Intellectual Property" means all patents, registered and unregistered trade marks, trade and business names, copyright and rights in the nature of copyright including property rights in relation to compilations or databases, design rights and registered designs and all applications for patents and registered trade marks and registered designs (for the whole period of such rights together with, in each case, all extensions and renewals) anywhere in the world.
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1.3 If these Terms and Conditions are incorporated by reference into any other form of agreement between the Company and the Customer and that other agreement is currently in effect at the time the Contract is made, so that the Contract constitutes a contract for the purposes of that agreement, the terms and conditions of the agreement will prevail in the event, but only to the extent, of any conflict of meaning with these Terms and Conditions.
2.1 Payment of the Price or any part payment thereof and any other charges due under the Contract must be made as per the applicable invoice. The contents of the Invoice, including inter alia the Price, shall, in the absence of a manifest error, be deemed to have been accepted by the Customer unless the Customer has notified the Company in writing within 14 days from the date of the Invoice that such contents are disputed. Unless otherwise agreed, payment shall be made in UAE Dirhams, without set-off, deduction or withholding. All payments, which are not received when payable, shall be considered overdue and the Company reserves the right to charge interest on a daily basis at four per cent per annum above the Emirates Bank Plc base rate.
2.3 Without prejudice to any of the Company's other rights if the Customer materially breaches these Terms and Conditions, including but without limitation, by failing to effect any payment due to the Company under the Contract in accordance with Clause 2.2 above, the Company shall have the right to terminate or suspend the Contract in whole or in part without notice. Following such termination or suspension the Company shall be entitled to recover from the Customer all sums owing in respect of the Contract (and in respect of any other Contracts under which the Customer has failed to make due payment) including without limitation the Price with any interest charge payable thereon, together with all damages sustained, and all costs (including full legal costs on a solicitor and own client basis), charges, expenses and losses reasonably incurred, as a consequence of such suspension or termination.
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3.1 Title to the Products is vested in the Company. Only when the Price, all taxes and other charges due under the Contract have been paid in full, will title to any Hardware supplied under the Contract pass to the Customer.
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4.1 Delivery will be affected at the Delivery Address.
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5. SUBSTITUTION AND CHANGES
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5.2 No order which has been accepted by the Company may be changed by the Customer except with the prior written consent of the Company and the Customer shall indemnify the Company in full against all loss (including loss of profit), costs (including the cost of any management time, and labour and materials used) damages, charges and expenses incurred by the Company as a result of such changes.
6. HARDWARE
6.1 Where installation or training is not included in the Price and not ordered by the Customer, the Customer will be solely responsible for this, and the Company disclaims all liability in this connection.
6.2 Where the Hardware is installed for use in conjunction with other products not supplied by the Company, the Customer will be solely responsible for ensuring that the Products are compatible with such other products, and the Company disclaims all liability in this connection.
6.3 The Customer will be liable for all costs and bear the risks of de-installation and return to the Company of any Product under the warranty provisions of Clause 6.4 above. The Company will be liable for the costs and bear the risks of re-delivery to the Customer save where the Company reasonably determines that the Hardware is not defective within the terms of the warranty, when the Customer will be liable for the costs and risks of re-delivery.
7. SOFTWARE
7.1 Copyright subsists in all Software whether it is the Company's proprietary software or software supplied by the Company under license. All Software is supplied to the Customer only under the terms and conditions of the applicable License Agreement (whether this has been signed and/or returned to the Company or not). No part of the Software may be copied, reproduced or utilized in any form by any means without the prior written approval of the Company.
7.2 It is the sole responsibility of the Customer to comply with all of the terms and conditions of any License Agreement, and the Customer is hereby notified that any failure to comply with such terms and conditions may result in the revocation of such License Agreement.
7.3 The Customer acknowledges that the Service and all Intellectual Property (including all patents, registered and unregistered trade marks, trade and business names, copyright and rights in the nature of copyright including property rights in relation to compilations or databases, design rights and registered designs and all applications for patents and registered trade marks and registered designs (including, in each case, all extensions and renewals) existing in or in relation to the Service and any other type of intellectual property rights anywhere in the world) are the property of the Company's and that the Customer may not use, copy, or reproduce the Service or any part of the Service without the Company's permission.
7.4 The Customer confirms that the Service will be used for internal purposes only and will not be made available publicly or incorporated within any advertisement or other marketing campaign or for use outside the Customer, including for the purposes of retail sale.
7.5 The Customer undertakes to indemnify the Company and to keep the Company at all times fully and effectively indemnified from and against all actions, proceedings, claims, demands, costs (including without prejudice to the generality of this provision the legal costs of the Company), awards and damages however arising directly or indirectly as a result of any breach or non-performance by the Customer or any of the Customer's warranties, obligations or undertakings under this agreement.
8.1 Each party shall treat as confidential all information obtained from the other pursuant to the Contract and shall not divulge such information to any person (except to such party's own employees and then only to those employees who need to know the same) without the other party's prior written consent provided that this Clause shall not extend to information which was rightfully in the possession of such party prior to the commencement of the negotiations leading to the Contract, which is already public knowledge or becomes so at a future date (otherwise than as a result of a breach of this Clause). Each party shall ensure that its employees are aware of and comply with the provisions of this Clause. If the Company shall appoint any sub-contractor then it may disclose confidential information to such sub-contractor subject to such sub-contractor giving the Company an undertaking in similar terms to the provisions of this Clause. The foregoing obligations as to confidentiality shall survive any termination of the Contract.
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Once sold you are not able to return goods for refund or exchange. Audience Response hardware warranty is 2 years from date of sale.
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For Presentation Production and Event Apps Services no refund or exchange is applicable.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Samsung announced the SE-406A, a new slim external 3D Blu-ray combo optical drive, designed to bring 3D Blu-ray to PCs. The drive comes with a sleek design and an anti-fingerprint surface. It read Blu-ray discs, with support fot 3D Blu-ray, and reads and writes CD/DVD discs.
The Samsung SE-406A uses USB 2.0 connection and works with Windows and Mac OS X. It reads BD-R at 6x, BD-R DL at 4x, and records DVD+/-R at 8x, DVD-RAM at 8x, DVD+/-R Dual Layer at 6x, DVD+RW at 8x, and DVD-RW at 6x.
To be released in April, the Samsung SE-406A external 3D Blu-ray combo drive costs $150.


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Q: Yii2: Dead code detection I've got a large Yii2 project. Due to heavy development over a long time there have been many refactorings of code. In order to speed up development, not all functions or classes were removed properly although they are definitively not used any more.
How can I detect classes, methods or functions in Yii2 which are not used anymore?
Unfortunately there are not automated tests with a high degree of code coverage. So I have to execute all features of the applications with a mouseclick. Any ideas how to automate this in order to generate high code coverage without extensively writing tests?


In this lecture, Diane Davis argues that urban violence in today's Latin American cities is among the unintended consequences of the efforts by city planners to implement modernist planning ideas. Davis is Professor of Urbanism and Development at Harvard GSD. Her lecture is the keynote of the GSD Urban Planning Open House.


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Q: three20 build issues I am having issues with building my project with three20. I previously had three20 folder outside of my project folder, then I decided to clone another three20 inside my folder and then re-run the script again. However now when I tried to do import "Three20/Three20.h" it constantly says there's no such file or directory. What should I do here?

A: This may have changed, but I recall with my last Three20/xcode4 experience that you have to change the build directory settings for xcode4 for it work.
In Xcode preferences, go to the locations tab and change the dropdown for build location to "...locations specified by targets"
As I understand it Three20 expects the build directory to be in the same place it was using Xcode3.  No promises, but give it a try.


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Before joining the Eastman School of Music faculty in late 1997, Sneider toured for several years with two-time Grammy Award winner Chuck Mangione. Other notable performers with whom Sneider has performed, toured or recorded include: Nat Adderley, Joe Locke, Don Menza, Nnenna Freelon, Steve Gadd, Gerry Niewood, Chris Potter, Roy McCurdy, David Hazeltine, Jon Faddis, Keeter Betts and frequent appearances with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Pops(guitar/banjo). Sneider has performed in major festivals, concert halls and jazz clubs throughout South America, Central America, North America and Europe. Sneider is a graduate of the University of Rochester where he studied with Bill Dobbins and Ramon Ricker. Growing up in Brockton, MA, Sneider's mentor and teacher was Chet Kruley - a veteran of the Fletcher Henderson, and Nat Pierce bands. Sneider has several solo or co-led cd projects that have received rave reviews and international airplay: Introducing Bob Sneider, Out of the Darkness, duo projects - Interconnection and Escapade, The Bob Sneider/Joe Locke Film Noir Project - Fallen Angel, All Through The Night.
RECORDINGS FEATURING Bob Sneider
Bob Sneider & Paul Hofmann
Serve and Volley
Bob Sneider & Joe Locke
Nocturne for Ava
For more information about Bob Sneider, please visit: http://www.myspace.com/bobsneidermusic.


A freelance copywriter can relate to the struggles of gaining customers. So acutely understands the value of applying the right techniques and strategy to get results. Need copywriting in these digital times? Specialising in print and online mediums.


Mr. Martin Rohne will be active as an application consultant mainly in the area East Germany.
As a skilled carpenter and wood technician (FH) with several years of independent experience in furniture and interior design, he brings the best conditions with customers and prospects to give expert advice on all technical questions or information to present solutions.
We are pleased with Mr. Rhone to win a practically experienced, enthusiastic staff member from the material timber.


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Home » Newsroom » Upon launching the showroom of the Ancient Al-Jawf kingdoms Monuments, Al-Iryani stresses "the antiques prove that Yemen civilization dates back to 2000 BC"
Upon launching the showroom of the Ancient Al-Jawf kingdoms Monuments, Al-Iryani stresses "the antiques prove that Yemen civilization dates back to 2000 BC"
At the opening of a Sana'a National Museum-based showroom of the monuments of the ancient kingdoms of Al-Jawf, which was funded and supervised by the Social Fund for Development and UNESCO, the Political Advisor to the President,
At the opening of a Sana'a National Museum-based showroom of the monuments of the ancient kingdoms of Al-Jawf, which was funded and supervised by the Social Fund for Development and UNESCO, the Political Advisor to the President, Dr. Abdul-Karim Al-Iriani praised the this achievement and added, "The contents of this room has undoubtedly proved that Yemen civilization dates back to 2000 BC, and that the displayed antiquities are very important proving that our civilization was as ancient and advanced as those civilizations of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley, and that the Yemeni people has an ancient history and does not date back to the 7th century BC as widely circulated."
The ceremony was attended by the Presidential Adviser for Antiquities Dr. Yusuf Abdullah, Minister of Culture Dr. Mohammed Abubaker Al-Maflahi, the Chairman of the National Documentation Center Qadi Ali Abu-Arijal, Governor of Al-Jawf Hussein Hazeb and Undersecretary of the Ministry of Tourism Mutahar Taqi, and a number of officials, ambassadors and members of the diplomatic corps in Sana'a. Mr. Al-Iriani warned of the underway operations of sabotage, destruction and smuggling of antiquities in Al-Jawf, Marib, Bayhan and other areas that are prone to a lot of devastation that damage the history of Yemen.
The Iryani indicated to the economic and cultural impacts of neglicting antiquities, adding "our monuments are being destroyed and looted and sold in the markets of Europe, if not dozens, hundreds, and most of them come from archaeological sites in Al Jawf, Marib and Bayhan, Asilan. And I hope this initiative of Social Fund comes as a driving force for all of us to work to protect the national monuments and to excavate and search for them in order to display them to the public and the whole world.
For his part, the Secretary General of the National Museum in Sana'a Abdul Aziz Jindari stated that this project was the fruit of intensive joint efforts between UNESCO and the Social Fund for Development and implemented by the technical team of the National Museum, that began in 2004 with a prompt response by the SFD.
The project began by registering, documenting, restoring and maintaining the subject antiquities and issuing three technical catalogs that included more than 500 pieces of antiquities with a relevant simplified study in Arabic, French and English. The final stage was equipping the showroom that now become hosting a group of the most beautiful and rarest monuments such as the throne of King Alam Hilal Wegeh, who lived in the mid-eighth century BC and the other inscriptions written in Almathabi language (referring to Wadi Mathab that passes Al-Jawf) and other monuments. The project also included data entry for 3600 monuments in the database as well as the set up of a website for them in the Cairo-based UNESCO Regional Office.
The showroom includes a collection of monuments and statues made of terracotta and a range of pottery and a bronze and wooden tombstones and pieces of stone of the offering tables and slaughter tables as well as columns of a major temple in Al-jawf that is considered a significant discovery.


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And yet the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality is preparing to allow a new toxic landfill to be built in or near a Texas floodplain – just miles for Rio Grande river water supplies – to accept tons of toxic waste from Mexico and other states.


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The Start of the Robust Backbone: Ciena Corporation Co Founder Kevin Kimberlin.
Twenty years ago last month, the start of rich media came out of the primordial IP ooze.
A little too dramatic? Maybe.
I was coping with Wall Street demanding I put in modem pools for them to dial into the Internet. Unlike my friends in the consumer world, like Tom Evslin who was developing AT&T's world net, I had businesses that were trying to make my switch act like a private line. I had already had two switches fail because of dial up seizing the switch. One in Massachusetts failed completely thanks to TIAC and a snowy day. The other was attributed to PANIX and was taking roughly two minutes to generate a dial tone. All of this to reach some pictures, text and not a whole lot else.
If my switches were going to be the access point, the Internet would probably not progress very far.
However, the fate of my switches and their internetworking was doomed and the foreshadowing came thanks to Sprint's adoption of Ciena's Wavelength division multiplexing. Up to that point we were using glass, but the distance was not very good and the price of electronics as a repeater made very little sense. In my previous life I knew of the tandem connection between NJ Bell's Newark Tandem and the MCI POP in West Orange that was using fiber and it was not pretty. With electronics in the manholes, you have to remember that water and electronics normally don't mix well.
But Sprint and Ciena were not stuck repeating after 2000 kilofeet, they were traveling 200 miles with a 1,600 percent increase in data capacity. Suddenly the backbone was cheap. In effect the cloud was born that day.
Kevin Kimberlin, the co-founder, and I talked on the phone for about thirty minutes. For me, the switchman protecting my network, I did not see the future coming at me. Kevin, on the other hand was building it.
As Kevin pointed out back in 1995, less than 1 percent of the world had access to the Internet. How did we get from A to B? You can draw direct lines back to June 12, 1996. Today, wave division multiplexing is the common basis of all major telecommunications networks. The transition from government-supported NSFNET to the mass adoption of the internet in the United States all started with Ciena's partnership with Sprint 20 years ago.
The transition made the costs on data transmission commercial, from which we can draw the trend line to where we are today, where not only does 40 percent of the world have access to the Internet, but 70 percent of the Internet is video.
Imagine trying dial up for Netflix.
Edited by Ken Briodagh


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Privacy Act Annual Report 2010-2011
Chapter I - Report on the Privacy Act
About Public Safety Canada
About the Public Safety Portfolio
About the Privacy Act
The Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) Unit
Delegation of Authority
Highlights and Accomplishments for 2010-2011
New/Revised Policies/Guidelines or Procedures
Chapter II - Privacy Act Statistical Report
Figures and Analysis
Requests Received Under the Privacy Act
Performance in Meeting Statutory Response Deadlines
Disposition of Requests for 2010-2011
Consultations from Other Institutions
Appeals to the Court
Privacy Impact Assessments Completed During the Year
Disclosures Pursuant to Paragraphs 8(2) (m) of the Privacy Act
Annex A: Delegation Order - Privacy Act
Annex B: Statistical Report - Privacy Act
Public Safety Canada Public Safety Canada exercises a broad leadership role that brings coherence to the activities of the departments and agencies responsible for public safety and security. The Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Act, 2005, and the Emergency Management Act, 2007, set out two fundamental roles for the Department: support to the Minister's responsibility for all matters except those assigned to another federal minister related to public safety and emergency management, including national leadership; and to coordinate the efforts of Portfolio agencies, as well as provide guidance on their strategic priorities. The Department's leadership role is reflected in its strategic outcome, a safe and resilient Canada, and through the pursuit of the following program activities: National Security, Border Strategies, Countering Crime, Emergency Management and Internal Services. The Department, in its portfolio coordination role, brings strategic focus to the overall safety and security agenda. In fulfilling its mandate, the Department works in consultation with other organizations and partners - federal departments and agencies, provinces and territories, non-government organizations, the private sector, foreign states, academia and communities.
The Public Safety Portfolio encompasses nine organizations for which the Minister of Public Safety is responsible. In addition to Public Safety Canada, the Portfolio includes the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC),and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). It also includes three arm's-length review bodies: the RCMP External Review Committee, the Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP, and the Office of the Correctional Investigator. Each organization in the portfolio administers its own access to information and privacy programs, under authorities delegated to them by the Minister.
The Privacy Act protects the privacy of all Canadian citizens and permanent residents of Canada regarding personal information held by a government institution against unauthorized use and disclosure. The Privacy Act also gives Canadians, including those in Canada who are not permanent residents or citizens, the right to access personal information held by the government.
Section 72 of the Privacy Act requires that the head of every government institution submit an annual report to Parliament on the administration of the Act during the financial year. This report describes how Public Safety Canada administered the Privacy Act throughout fiscal year 2010-2011.
The Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) Unit is part of Public Safety Canada's Executive Services Division within the Department's Strategic Policy Branch. It consists of one Manager, two senior advisors, four analysts, one junior analyst and one administrative officer. The ATIP Manager served as the Department's ATIP Coordinator throughout the reporting year.
The ATIP Unit is responsible for the coordination and implementation of policies, guidelines and procedures to ensure departmental compliance with the Access to Information Act and the Privacy Act. The Unit is responsible for responding to requests made under the Acts, as well as providing the following services to the Department:
processing consultations received from other institutions;
providing advice and guidance to employees and senior officials on ATIP related matters;
producing the Annual Reports to Parliament;
delivering ATIP awareness sessions to departmental employees;
coordinating regular updates to Info Source manuals;
reviewing departmental documents, such as audits and evaluations, prior to proactively disclosing these on the departmental website;
developing departmental procedures for processing ATIP requests;
maintaining the Department's ATIP reading room; and
participating in forums for the ATIP community, such as the Treasury Board Secretariat's ATIP Community meetings and working groups.
The responsibilities associated with the administration of the Privacy Act, such as notifying applicants of extensions and transferring requests to other institutions, are delegated to employees of the ATIP Unit through a delegation instrument signed by the Minister of Public Safety. The approval of all exemptions is delegated to the Department's Deputy Minister, Associate Deputy Minister, five Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), one Associate ADM, the Director General of Communications, and the Chief Audit Executive.
The current delegation instrument is reproduced at Annex A.
Public Safety Canada has continued to improve the way in which the Department responds to Privacy Act requests, by focusing on improving timeliness, efficiency and accuracy. Some of the highlights are as follows:
The ATIP Unit developed training materials to help departmental employees understand the Privacy Act and their role in protecting personal information.
Five two-hour training sessions were held, and 35 departmental employees received training. The training material used for these sessions was also made available to all employees on the department's intranet site; and,
The ATIP Unit ensured that the Department's personal information holdings reflected in the standard Personal Information Banks developed by Treasury Board Secretariat were properly registered and included in the last Info Source update. One new institution-specific Personal Information Bank was also created and registered.
Privacy Impact Assessment Framework
The ATIP Unit created, with the assistance of a number of other government departments, a Privacy Impact Assessment Framework in order to provide Public Safety employees with the information and resources required to conduct a Privacy Impact Assessment in an effective and efficient manner. This Framework was approved by the Deputy Minister and is being made available to all departmental employees on the departmental Intranet site.
As with most federal institutions, recruitment and retention of qualified ATIP professionals continues to be a challenge. The challenge at Public Safety Canada is further complicated by the requirement that many ATIP staff require security clearances at the very highest level given the nature of the Department's business. Public Safety Canada continues to examine resource levels in the ATIP Unit.
Turnover of departmental staff generally poses challenges for recordkeeping and maintaining awareness of ATIP procedures.
Annex B provides a summarized statistical report on Privacy Act requests processed by Public Safety Canada between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011. The following section provides an overview and interpretation of this information.
provides a summarized statistical report on Privacy Act requests processed by Public Safety Canada between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011. The following section provides an overview and interpretation of this information.
The following table provides an overall breakdown of workload by category for the past five years.
Workload by category
ATI requests received by
Privacy requests received by
ATI consultations received from other institutions
Privacy consultations received from other institutions
The number of privacy requests remains small compared to the volume of access to information requests. Public Safety Canada collects little information directly from Canadians and therefore receives very few privacy requests. In comparison, portfolio agencies whose mandates are more operational in nature, such as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), receive thousands of privacy requests annually.
Throughout the year, the Department received 32 new requests under the Privacy Act. Five were carried forward from the previous year, resulting in a total of 37 requests for the 2009-2010 fiscal year. Of these requests, 33 were completed during the reporting period. Four requests have been carried forward to the next reporting year.
Section 15 of the Privacy Act allows institutions to extend the legal deadline for processing a request if a search for responsive records cannot be completed within 30 days of receipt of the request or if the institution must consult with other institutions. During the 2010-2011 fiscal year, the Department invoked ten extensions of 30 days or less. Five extensions were invoked due to a high volume of records and interference with operations, and five extensions was required in order to undertake consultations with other federal institutions.
Of the 33 completed requests, 20 were completed within 30 days. Three requests were completed between 31-60 days, seven between 61 and 120 days, and three were completed in 121 days or over.
Some privacy requests received in Public Safety Canada's ATIP Unit were intended for one of the institutions within the Public Safety portfolio, such as the RCMP, CSC, CBSA or CSIS. The Department was unable to process these requests as the requested information was not under the institution's control. Of the 33 completed requests, the Department was unable to process eight.
Records were all disclosed in response to seven requests, and 12 were disclosed in part. Two requests were abandoned and four were transferred to other institutions with the consent of the requester.
The Department's role in coordinating with other federal institutions as well as those within the Public Safety portfolio has resulted in the Department having an interest in the records processed by other institutions.
The Department received a total of nine consultations from other institutions processing requests under the Privacy Act in 2010-2011.
Two complaints were filed with the Privacy Commissioner this year, both alleging that the Department denied the requesters access to their personal information. One of these complaint investigations was concluded this year, resulting in a finding of resolved. The investigation into the other complaint is ongoing.
No appeals to the Federal Court or the Federal Court of Appeal were submitted for the reporting year.
The ATIP Unit developed training materials to help departmental employees understand the Privacy Act and their role in protecting personal information. Five two-hour training sessions were held throughout the reporting year, and a total of 35 departmental employees received training.
The training material used for these sessions was also made available to all employees on the Department's intranet site.
The ATIP Unit intends to continue delivering privacy awareness sessions, subject to resource availability and operational requirements.
Direct Deposit for Non-salary Payments
The Department completed a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for the Direct Deposit of Non-salary Payments into Public Safety Canada employee's bank accounts. The deposits are for the reimbursement of non-salary payments such as expense claims and travel advances processed through the financial system (SAP).
This PIA was submitted to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner. PS has not yet begun posting PIA summaries on its website, but is examining the possibility of doing so in 2011-2012.
Disclosures Pursuant to Paragraph 8(2)(m) of the Privacy Act
Subsection 8(2)(m) of the Privacy Act provides the head of the institution with the authority to disclose personal information where the public interest in disclosure clearly outweighs any invasion of privacy that could result from the disclosure, or where the disclosure would clearly benefit the individual to whom the information relates.
During the reporting period, Public Safety Canada did not disclose personal information pursuant to paragraph 8(2)(m) of the Privacy Act.
Subsection 8(2) of the Privacy Act provides limited and specific circumstances under which institutions may disclose personal information without an individual's consent. Treasury Board Secretariat identified four categories of disclosures made by virtue of specific paragraphs of this subsection that institutions must include in this year's annual report. These categories concern disclosures made for law enforcement purposes, to Members of Parliament and those made in the public interest.
During the reporting period, Public Safety Canada did not disclose personal information pursuant to paragraphs 8(2)(e), (f), (g) and (m) of the Privacy Act.
Annex A: Delegation Orders - Privacy Act
The Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, pursuant to section 73 of the Privacy Act*, hereby designates the persons holding the positions set out below, to exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister as the head of a government institution, that is, the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, under the section of the Act set out opposite each position.
Delegation Orders - Privacy Act and Regulations
Deputy Minister & Associate Deputy Ministerh
Assistant Deputy Ministers, Associate Assistant Deputy Ministers, Director General Communications, Chief Audit Executive
ATIP Manager
Senior ATIP Advisors & ATIP Analysts
8(2)(j)
Disclose for research purposes
8(2)(m)
Disclose in the public interest or in the interest of the individual
Copies of requests under 8(2)(e) to be retained
Notice of disclosure under 8(2)(m)
Record of disclosures to be retained
Consistent uses
Personal information to be included in personal information banks
Notice where access requested
Extension of time limits
17(2)(b)
Language of access
Access to personal information in alternative format
Exemption (exempt bank) - Disclosure may be refused
Exemption - Personal information obtained in confidence
Exemption - Where authorized to disclose
Exemption - Federal-provincial affairs
Exemption - International affairs and defence
Exemption - Law enforcement and investigation
Exemption - Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act
Exemption - Security clearances
Exemption - Individuals sentenced for an offence
Exemption - Safety of individuals
Exemption - Information about another individual
Exemption - Solicitor-client privilege
Exemption - Medical record
Notice of intention to investigate
Right to make representation
Findings and recommendations of Privacy Commissioner (complaints)
Access to be given
Report of findings and recommendations (exempt banks)
Report of findings and recommendations (compliance review)
Special rules for hearings
Ex parte representations
Annual Report to Parliament
Reasonable facilities and time provided to examine personal information
Notification that correction to personal information has been made
Notification that correction to personal information has been refused
Disclosure of personal information relating to physical or mental health may be made to a qualified medical practitioner or psychologist for an opinion on whether to release information to the requestor.
Disclosure of personal information relating to physical or mental health may be made to a requestor in the presence of a qualified medical practitioner or psychologist
Dated, at the City of Ottawa, this ____th day of ___________, 2010
Vic Toews, P.C., Q.C., M.P.
*R.S.C. 1985, c. P-21
Requests under the Access to Information Act
Received during reporting period 32
Outstanding from previous period 5
Completed during reporting period 33
Carried Forward 4
Disposition of requests completed
All Disclosed 7
Disclosed in part 12
Nothing disclosed (excluded) 0
Nothing disclosed (exempt) 0
Unable to process 8
Abandoned by applicant 2
Transferred 4
Exemptions invoked
Art. 18(2) 0
Art. 19(1)(a) 0
Art. 20 0
Art. 23(a) 0
Art. 26 12
Exclusions cited
(e) 0
(f) 0
30 days or under 20
31 to 60 days 3
61 to 120 days 7
121 days or over 3
30 days or under
31 days or over
Interference with operations 5 0
Consultation 5 0
Translation 0 0
Translations requested 0
Translations prepared - English to French 0
Translations prepared - French to English 0
Method of access
Copies given 19
Examination 0
Copies and examination 0
Corrections and notation
Corrections requested 0
Corrections made 0
Notation attached 0
Financial (all reasons)
($000)
Salary 22
Administration (O and M) 1
Person year utilization (all reasons)
Person year (decimal format) 0.45


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Memo: Some in US may not get stimulus checks until August
MATTHEW DALY
Next time you buy a plane ticket, it could be a bit cheaper. Buried deep inside that just passed 335 page stimulus bill. Lawmakers wave the 7.5% federal excise tax on all airline tickets through the end of the year. About 22 bucks on a $300 seat. It's even good for travel next year. As long as you buy buy this December 31st Travelers United founder Charlie Loca It will make a small difference to us the more expensive ticket that you have, the bigger difference it will make in terms of saving money. You can also save money by donating to charity. Congress brought back the deduction it had taken away when it passed the Trump tax cuts in 2017. You can now deduct $300 on top of this standard deduction without itemizing and for people suddenly out of work, Congress created a possible, though not ideal, lifeline. This should be a Hail Mary, a last resort ed slut at IRA, help dot com says. For people under 59 a half, they can now take upto $100,000 from a retirement account to pay for Corona virus related hardships, its penalty and tax free if paid back within three years, the last place you want to go is start taking money out of your retirement account. But if it's all you've got left, the government has provided relief, and there's a new benefit for people over age 70.5 this year. They generally do not need to take the required minimum distribution from their retirement accounts, sparing them from this recent plunge in stock prices in Washington, I'm chief national investigative correspondent Mark Albert.
The federal government expects to begin making payments to millions of Americans under the new stimulus law in mid-April, but some people without direct deposit information may not get checks until mid-August or later, according to a memo obtained Thursday by The Associated Press.The document from the House Ways and Means Committee says the IRS will make about 60 million payments to Americans through direct deposit in mid-April, likely the week of April 13. The IRS has direct deposit information for these individuals from their 2018 or 2019 tax returns.Then, starting the week of May 4, the IRS will begin issuing paper checks to individuals, the memo says. The paper checks will be issued at a rate of about 5 million per week, which means it could take up to 20 weeks to get all the checks out. That timeline would delay some checks until the week of Aug. 17.But Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin rebuffed concerns raised that it may take months for some people to receive their money. Those concerns relate to people who might not have direct deposit information on file from a recent tax filing.Mnuchin said if the government doesn't have someone's information, there will be a simple web portal. If that doesn't work, they'll send it by mail. He suggested it would take weeks, not months.The staff memo said the timeline was based on "extensive conversations with the IRS and the Department of Treasury.'' The timeline is subject to change, given ongoing discussions between Congress and the Trump administration."The Committee remains focused on ensuring all eligible Americans receive their payment as quickly as possible,'' the memo says.The payments are part of the $2.2 trillion rescue package signed into law last week by President Donald Trump aimed at combating the economic ravages of the coronavirus outbreak.Most people don't need to do anything to get the money.Reversing an earlier position, the government said this week that Social Security recipients who are not required to file a tax return will not need to file a very simplified tax return to receive their government stimulus check. The Treasury Department said Wednesday that the IRS will use the information on the Form SSA-1099 and Form RRB-1099 to generate the $1,200 checks to Social Security recipients who did not file tax returns in 2018 or 2019.The checks will be issued in reverse order of adjusted gross income, meaning that people with the lowest income will get payments first.The committee estimates that there are 150 million to 170 million U.S. taxpayers, which leaves 90 million to 110 million taxpayers who are either filers or nonfilers but about whom the IRS wants information.The filers will need to receive a paper check unless their direct deposit information can be updated in the IRS portal. Nonfilers may need to file the simple tax return and likely include direct deposit information if they want to receive their rebates quickly. The IRS is encouraging taxpayers to file their 2019 returns as soon as possible.The IRS expects to create a portal in late April or early May that will allow taxpayers to find out the status of their rebate payment and update direct deposit information, the memo says.Anyone earning up to $75,000 in adjusted gross income and who has a Social Security number will receive a $1,200 payment. That means married couples filing joint returns will receive the full payment — $2,400 — if their adjusted gross income, which is what they report on their taxes, is under $150,000.The payment steadily declines for those who make more. Those earning more than $99,000, or $198,000 for joint filers, are not eligible. The thresholds are slightly different for those who file as a head of household.Parents will also receive $500 for each qualifying child.Hearst TV contributed to this report.
The federal government expects to begin making payments to millions of Americans under the new stimulus law in mid-April, but some people without direct deposit information may not get checks until mid-August or later, according to a memo obtained Thursday by The Associated Press.
The document from the House Ways and Means Committee says the IRS will make about 60 million payments to Americans through direct deposit in mid-April, likely the week of April 13. The IRS has direct deposit information for these individuals from their 2018 or 2019 tax returns.
Then, starting the week of May 4, the IRS will begin issuing paper checks to individuals, the memo says. The paper checks will be issued at a rate of about 5 million per week, which means it could take up to 20 weeks to get all the checks out. That timeline would delay some checks until the week of Aug. 17.
But Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin rebuffed concerns raised that it may take months for some people to receive their money. Those concerns relate to people who might not have direct deposit information on file from a recent tax filing.
Mnuchin said if the government doesn't have someone's information, there will be a simple web portal. If that doesn't work, they'll send it by mail. He suggested it would take weeks, not months.
Here's how much money folks can expect to get from the stimulus deal
The staff memo said the timeline was based on "extensive conversations with the IRS and the Department of Treasury.'' The timeline is subject to change, given ongoing discussions between Congress and the Trump administration.
"The Committee remains focused on ensuring all eligible Americans receive their payment as quickly as possible,'' the memo says.
The payments are part of the $2.2 trillion rescue package signed into law last week by President Donald Trump aimed at combating the economic ravages of the coronavirus outbreak.
Most people don't need to do anything to get the money.
Reversing an earlier position, the government said this week that Social Security recipients who are not required to file a tax return will not need to file a very simplified tax return to receive their government stimulus check. The Treasury Department said Wednesday that the IRS will use the information on the Form SSA-1099 and Form RRB-1099 to generate the $1,200 checks to Social Security recipients who did not file tax returns in 2018 or 2019.
Officials reverse decision, say social security recipients will automatically receive stimulus check
The checks will be issued in reverse order of adjusted gross income, meaning that people with the lowest income will get payments first.
The committee estimates that there are 150 million to 170 million U.S. taxpayers, which leaves 90 million to 110 million taxpayers who are either filers or nonfilers but about whom the IRS wants information.
The filers will need to receive a paper check unless their direct deposit information can be updated in the IRS portal. Nonfilers may need to file the simple tax return and likely include direct deposit information if they want to receive their rebates quickly. The IRS is encouraging taxpayers to file their 2019 returns as soon as possible.
The IRS expects to create a portal in late April or early May that will allow taxpayers to find out the status of their rebate payment and update direct deposit information, the memo says.
President Trump signs coronavirus stimulus package in hopes of curbing COVID-19's economic impact
Anyone earning up to $75,000 in adjusted gross income and who has a Social Security number will receive a $1,200 payment. That means married couples filing joint returns will receive the full payment — $2,400 — if their adjusted gross income, which is what they report on their taxes, is under $150,000.
The payment steadily declines for those who make more. Those earning more than $99,000, or $198,000 for joint filers, are not eligible. The thresholds are slightly different for those who file as a head of household.
Parents will also receive $500 for each qualifying child.
Hearst TV contributed to this report.


My Wife and I along with our daughter and pug are looking for some assistance for locating a rental property from at least 6 months and up to 3 years.
Property with parking for 1 golf cart.
We have already been to the island earlier this past month and are plans are to come again to secure accommodation in early March 2019 with hopes of viewing a few options.


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Restoration of peatland in the nature reserve La Gruère
Tipo di progetto: Land Use and Forestry
Sede del progetto: Jura, Switzerland
Stato del progetto: Planning, exclusive
Riduzione CO₂ annuale: 14'139 t CO2e (total reduction)
Thanks to this climate protection project, various areas of the unique raised bog in La Gruère from the canton Jura can be restored to its natural state, resulting in the release of less greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. But climate protection is not the only advantage of rewetting this moorland; it also benefits biodiversity, the water balance and the local construction industry.
Drained moorland releases carbon dioxide. Info graphic: Lena Gubler, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape.
A typical moorland plant: the carnivorous sundew. In addition to being a CO2 sink, natural moorlands are also biodiversity hotspots. Photo: ©LINeco, 2732 Reconvilier, SWITZERLAND
The investments in rewetting largely benefit regional trade and industry. Photo: Beck und Staubli
In their natural state, raised bogs have enormous carbon storage potential. Globally, peatlands store 30 per cent of soil carbon, despite the fact that they cover only three per cent of the world's surface. In the past, many of Switzerland's peatlands were dried out using drainage ditches in order to use the land for agriculture or to remove peat. Although they have been protected since the Rothenthurm Initiative in 1987, two thirds of Switzerland's over 500 raised bogs are still in their drained state due to a lack of money. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere continuously. Rewetting is the only thing that guarantees that a drained peatland once again becomes a long-term carbon storage facility.
Large parts of the La Gruère moor in the canton of Jura - a raised bog of national importance - are also still in a drained state due to a lack of financial resources. The climate protection project closes this financing gap and is thus co-decisive for the large-scale renaturation project. The project is co-financed by cantonal contributions (Jura), federal contributions, as well as by various foundations.
Etang de la Gruère - a unique landscape
The nature reserve La Gruère is one of the largest continuous moor landscapes in Switzerland and covers about 55 ha, with peat thicknesses of up to 9 m in places. Due to these particular dimensions and for technical reasons, the restoration project will have to be carried out in several stages.
The first stage was completed in 2018. Further stages of totally 15.27ha are planned for 2023-2027.
Intact Moorland as Long-Term Carbon Storage
When a moor has been drained, oxygen penetrates into the soil and converts the carbon bound in the peat into carbon dioxide, which escapes into the atmosphere. To rewet a moor, the drainage ditches have to be blocked using construction measures. In the case of this project, nearly 3 km of drainage ditches will be filled. Once moorland has been returned to its natural, intact state, the high water level inhibits the decomposition of the organic material, in which large quantities of carbon are permanently stored. The climate protection project is possible thanks to a methodology developed by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), which estimates the volume of CO₂ emissions that are avoided thanks to rewetting. According to this approach, the top 50 cm of the peat bind potential emissions of over 1,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per hectare for the next 50 to 100 years.
A project as large as the restoration of the La Gruère peatland represents a substantial investment for the canton of Jura. The support of myclimate, which is based on the WSL's method for estimating CO2 emissions, makes an important contribution to making this project feasible.
Louis Roulet, canton of Jura
Multifaceted Benefit
Moors are not protected for nothing. They are hotspots of biodiversity. Intact moors offer habitats for rare or even endangered species of animals and plants. Renaturation also improves flood protection, water pollution control, the microclimate and the landscape. It offers the local population a place for recreation. The money for restoring the moor mostly flows into regional trade and industry.
This project contributes to 3 SDGs:
A renaturalised bog improves protection and water pollution control.
Renatured bogs are large carbon reservoirs.
15.27 hectares are going to be rewetted and provide a valuable habitat for rare animal and plant species.
Situazione senza progetto
Drained moorland releases CO2 into the atmosphere
Download del PDF del progetto
Contributo agli OSS
SGS Statement
Programmbeschreibung (DE)
Project standard
Numero progetto


Former state representative and Farmington Hills Mayor Jan Dolan is being remembered for her passion, community service.
Nancy Bates remembers driving to Lansing with Jan Dolan right after Dolan was elected to the state House of Representatives in 1989.
Bates, who worked as Dolan's aide at the time, remembers parking the car and watching Dolan sit there with a little "buyer's remorse" following that election victory.
"She just sat there and said, 'I don't want to go in, I don't know what I've gotten myself into,'" Bates remembered Thursday. "But she went in there ... she got her feet under her pretty quickly."
Dolan, a former Farmington Hills City Council member who served two terms (1978, 1985) as mayor, died Nov. 1 of respiratory failure. She's being remembered by friends and family for her passion for serving and for her commitment to the community she loved.
Bates, herself a former Farmington Hills mayor, was impressed with how quickly Dolan caught on in Lansing. She was quickly added to the Ways and Means Committee — "You had to be pretty sharp with a pencil to get anything past her," Bates said with a chuckle — and Bates said Dolan's Scottish heritage and forceful personality quickly made her a leader in the House (she was speaker pro tem in 1993-94).
When Democrats had trouble getting traction, Bates said, they'd come to Dolan, a Republican, for help.
"They'd come to Jan and she was able to negotiate with both sides," Bates said. "They respected her and they should have."
Dolan's life and career were varied. She grew up in Akron, Ohio, and developed a love of the outdoors where she and her siblings spent time outdoors and at the lake, according to an interview she granted to the Farmington Garden Club newsletter.
She became a competitive swimmer in late elementary and high school, before heading to the University of Akron, where she majored in foods and nutrition and became a hospital dietician.
Her interests were as varied as her career. Dolan was a board member or trustee for, among others, Botsford Continuing Care Corp., Oakland Community College Foundation, Farmington/Farmington Hills Foundation for Youth and Families, Farmington Hills Citizens Crime Prevention Advisory Committee, Farmington Area Rotary, Area Agency on Aging 1B and the Michigan Campaign Finance Network.
Her passion didn't extend only to the civic groups she cherished; it included pretty much everything in her life. For instance, she rafted down the Grand Canyon in her 60s and made her first tandem parachute jump to celebrate her 85th birthday.
"She was a member of literally dozens of civic organizations throughout her life, starting at least as early as high school, and ended up being a leader of many of those groups," said Gary Dolan, one of her four sons. "She was looking forward to her second (parachute) jump. She was not afraid of risk and thought life was meant to be lived fully."
One of her passions was for flower arranging, Gary Dolan said, to the point where she became an accredited flower show judge. She also had a great appreciation of the visual arts.
The Farmington Hills City Council honored her in September for 50 years of commitment to the MIchigan Garden Clubs.
"Her competitive spirit that began during her swimming years continued through floral design competitions, which spurred her interest in becoming certified as a design judge and traveling often to competitions throughout Michigan," said Pam Wright, a fellow Garden Club member who also worked with Dolan when she was on the city council. "Her loyalty never faltered."
Her son said Dolan "cherished her Scottish ancestry," something Bates also confirmed. Bates said Dolan "looked like this sweet, shy little grandmother."
"And she was," Bates said. "Except she wasn't really that shy, especially when it came to the things she was passionate about. Jan was always ready to go to the mat about the things she believed in."
Dolan's family will be receiving visitors at 1 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 12, at First Presbyterian Church of Farmington, 26165 Farmington Road. A memorial service will follow at 2 p.m., with a reception at the church with light refreshments following the service.
Dolan's family suggests that in lieu of flowers, memorial contributions be made to one of the many groups that she supported, including the League of Women Voters, First Presbyterian Church of Farmington and the Farmington/Farmington Hills Foundation for Youth & Families.


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Giving Up on SBook
After 16 years, I've given up on my favorite application.
Simson Garfinkel '87, PhD '05 archive page
SBook is an advanced personal-information management program that runs on the Macintosh. The program lets you enter information in a free-form way: no bothering to put phone numbers into phone fields, e-mail addresses into e-mail fields, and so on. But unlike other free-format systems, SBook then applies advanced artificial-intelligence technology to recognize what you've typed. SBook can distinguish between the names of people and the names of companies, between cell-phone and fax-machine phone numbers, and so on. It even has an expert system for dialing the phone, so that you can use the same address book in different cities that might have different dialing rules.
I invented SBook's basic algorithms back when I was a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab. The algorithms were pretty simple, but they were also really fast–even on a computer with a 25-megahertz processor and 16 megabytes of RAM. The following year I dropped out of the Media Lab program and took a job at NeXTWORLD magazine. A few months later I took the ideas and bundled them into the first version of SBook. I even set up a company to sell the program, but I didn't get rich because the NeXT market never really got large enough.
I ported SBook to Mac OS X after Apple Computer purchased NeXT in 1996 and made NeXTSTEP the basis of the company's Mac OS X operating system. Rather than try to sell SBook, this time I just made the program available for free at the website www.sbook5.com. The time had long since passed when you could sell an address-book program for $150. But since SBook still offered a lot of features that even Apple's built-in AddressBook didn't, I maintained the program and slowly added features–like the ability to export addresses to the iPod's address book, the ability to sync with Apple's AddressBook, better support for envelope printing, and so on.
Recently, though, I decided to give up on SBook. I still find the program easier to use than other contact managers–it's really nice to be able to just copy from an e-mail message, paste the text into a new "page," and be done. But over the years lots of people have been working to improve Apple's AddressBook, so it's steadily gotten better and better. AddressBook syncs with my Treo, it interoperates with Apple's dot-Mac online service, and there are now plug-ins for Google Maps, Google Earth, and so on. Despite the fact that I made a plug-in architecture for SBook and published code samples, nobody ever wrote a plug-in for my program.
Unfortunately, this is more than just a demonstration of the power of network effects and bundled software. SBook put forth a different paradigm about how data could be stored: instead of forcing people to put their information into neat little labeled piles, the SBook philosophy was that the computer should be smart so that the human user can be somewhat sloppy. But all too often, software developers take a different approach: they require perfection (or at least order) from users, the same way that the computer requires perfection from the developers.
One of my favorite examples here is the unwillingness of most websites to accept credit-card numbers as anything but a sequence of 15 or 16 digits–no spaces or dashes allowed. It turns out that those spaces between the numbers on your credit card serve an important purpose: they make it easier for people to read, transcribe, and verify credit-card numbers. But the vast majority of websites I've used that require a credit-card number will generate an error if you try to type the spaces or dashes. With a single line of code, the programmers of those websites could silently remove the extraneous characters. Many websites will instead say something like, "Please reenter your credit-card number without spaces or dashes."
Another disappointing example is what happened on Martha's Vineyard in the 1990s when Town of Vineyard Haven bought a software package for compliance with the FCC's E911 regulations. The town needed to build a geographic database with the location of every house on the map. But Vineyard Haven is a hard place to map: on some streets the house numbers were out of order. In other cases streets changed names, or two parts of the same street weren't connected together. A more expensive software package could have handled these peculiarities. But the software package that the town purchased couldn't. Instead, the town simply changed street names and renumbered houses so that the new name-and-number plan could be nicely represented in the database. My house's number was changed from 10 Spring Street to 18 Spring Street.
Ultimately, names, street addresses, and telephone numbers are nothing more than a compromise among human nature, law, and technology: it's certainly easier for programmers to force people to do a better job structuring their information than it is to write software that can handle a potentially limitless set of special cases. And in the end, it might even be cheaper for society to force people to eliminate their representational differences and adopt clear and well-defined standards. But we do lose character and novelty as part of this great regularization process.
In any event, I've given up on SBook, have published the whole source code at www.sbook5.com, and am now exclusively using Apple's AddressBook as my desktop contact-management software. At least I'm not stuck using Microsoft Outlook.
Simson Garfinkel '87, PhD '05


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Review of "The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter" by Kai Bird
Posted by Steve in President #39 - J Carter
American history, biographies, book reviews, Jimmy Carter, Kai Bird, presidential biographies, Presidents
Published last week, Kai Bird's "The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter" is the most recent full-length review of the life and legacy of the 39th president. Bird is a journalist and author who has written biographies of McGeorge and William Bundy, CIA operative Robert Ames and presidential adviser John McCloy. His co-written "American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer" won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.
Although this book is the direct result of six years of research and writing, Bird has been intrigued with Jimmy Carter for nearly four decades. Drawing from the unpublished diaries of members of Carter's presidential staff and his lawyer/adviser Charlie Kirbo, Bird is able to provide behind-the-scenes color unavailable in previous Carter biographies. But his thesis – that Carter was a more successful and decisive president than is generally recognized – is by now a fairly conventional perspective.
Bird's writing style is straightforward and rarely flashy; he relies on well-articulated facts and embedded dialogue rather than descriptive scene-setting and literary flourishes to guide the reader. And although Bird's emphasis is clearly on Carter's presidency (consuming more than three-fourths of the 628-page narrative) he does devote meaningful attention to Carter's upbringing and post-presidency.
Most readers will quickly notice Bird's fondness for his subject. But if the author's affinity for Carter is undeniable (and his praise consistently effusive) he is almost as quick to point out Carter's peculiarities, flaws and shortcomings. On balance, however, Bird is notably forgiving of Carter's faults and believes his presidential legacy has more room to rise.
One of this book's greatest strengths is its consistently-thorough introductions to important supporting characters. Nearly everyone who plays an important role in Carter's political life receives a robust, context-rich portrait. These are not quite as colorful as the "mini-biographies" featured in Robert Caro's series on LBJ or in Adam Cohen's review of FDR's first 100 days, but they are invaluable in educating and engaging the reader.
Additionally, Bird provides an interesting chapter on Carter's selection process for cabinet members and senior advisers, a fascinating review of Carter's life in the White House and a colorful chapter on Carter's relationship with his first speechwriter. Bird also provides a notably memorable chapter on the Camp David Accords and countless entertaining "fly on the wall" moments during Carter's presidency. Finally, Bird's observations in the book's final pages regarding Carter's legacy prove thoughtful.
But while this biography of Carter is quite good, it falls short of the standard set by Jonathan Alter's "His Very Best: Jimmy Carter, A Life." Bird's biography is only slightly shorter, but devotes less than half the pages to Carter's childhood, naval career and early political life that Alter provides. All the essential elements of Carter's extraordinary climb are present in Bird's narrative but his biography fails to include certain observations, anecdotes, context and nuances vital to fully capturing Carter's persona.
And while Bird's coverage of the Carter presidency is 150 pages longer than Alter's, I cannot think of an important presidential moment missing in Alter's treatment. But where both authors feel Carter's presidential service is under-appreciated, Alter's biography explores Carter's strengths and weaknesses with equal fervor while Bird more frequently seems to excuse Carter's most politically-problematic flaws.
Overall, Kai Bird's "The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter" is unquestionably good…but not quite great. Readers relying on this biography of Carter as a sole source of insight into his life will walk away with a solid understanding of his life and times. But in my view, Jonathan Alter's book (published last fall) remains the undisputed "go to" biography of Jimmy Carter.
6 thoughts on "Review of "The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter" by Kai Bird"
Really enjoyed Bird's book on Oppenheimer, I might give this a try. Thanks for the review!
Colin Herzog said:
Second I heard this review was coming out, I knew I had to wait for your review. Thanks for the thorough analysis and summary–your reviews are always thoughtful and layered, and your blog is awesome!!
Thanks – all I do is read books that sounds potentially interesting and then I write the review I wish I had when I was deciding what to read 🙂
SocraticGadfly said:
I'm with you, as I just posted my review on Amazon and Goodreads, and even more, reviewer "BIll" at Goodreads. Good book, but too hagiographic.
Chris Rutledge said:
While fair and thorough, the Bird bio seems short on the emotional texture of the American voter during the Carter years – how it changed and hardened, to the disadvantage of Carter, and how it, as much as anything Carter did, determined the fate of his presidency. Of particular interest is why the activist, domestic reforming streak to the federal government (which Nixon, despite his reputation, was quite committed to, on many fronts) – ended, and why the public hardening of attitudes, and conservatism that brought Reagan into power, took place.
Ralph Smith said:
Well written but as often is the case in current commentary marred by lack of objectivity and by mandatory demonizing of the forces of evil….ie the other party. Nevertheless worth reading, even by those living on the dark side.


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Home » City Manager » Government Affairs » Contact Your Assembly Members
The California State Assembly is a legislative chamber in California's bicameral Legislature, and together with the California State Senate makes up the California State Legislature. In committee hearings, the State Assembly introduces, analyzes and debates the bills that may become State Law during each two-year session. The State Assembly is comprised of 80 members, elected by a geographic district for a two-year term, who can serve no more than three terms. Each State Assemblymember represents approximately 475,000 Californians. The following Assemblymembers represent the City of Long Beach.
Assemblymember Mike Gipson, 65th District
Assemblymember Gipson, first elected to the California State Assembly in November 2014, represents the 65th Assembly District that includes Long Beach, among other communities. In various capacities, he has been serving the people of the 65th District his entire life. As a peace officer, legislative staff, elected official, and labor organizer, Assemblymember Gipson's dedication to the residents of the South Bay is a testament to his heart and enthusiasm for helping others. He currently is a member of various Assembly Standing Committees.
State Capitol Office:
1021 O Street, Suite 8110
Field Office:
205 South Willowbrook Avenue
Assemblymember Josh Lowenthal, 69th District
Assemblymember Josh Lowenthal was elected to the California State Assembly in November of 2022 to represent the 69th Assembly District. Assemblymember Lowenthal worked as an entrepreneur and business owner with a long, successful record of accomplishment in tech and telecom startups.Growing up and working in Long Beach, Josh committed himself to improve the community we live in by working to alleviate homelessness, help at-risk children, and create good, 21st-century jobs. Josh Lowenthal grew up in Long Beach, where he attended public schools. He worked as a local teacher, is a local business owner, and has three daughters in public schools.
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A couple of weeks ago I received an exciting email from Sarah at Quilt Fabric Delights. She was starting another BOM which was the "This Goes with That and the Fussy Cut club". This is a paper piecing project from Sue Daley at Patchwork with Busy Fingers.
This is the cute little carry tote with the pattern that arrived for the first month.
This is what I made for this month.
See how I have fussy cut some of the pieces. I love the little owls. So cute.


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Kuzyn Pons (oryg. fr. Le Cousin Pons) – powieść Honoriusza Balzaka z 1847. Należy do Scen z życia paryskiego cyklu Komedia ludzka. Razem z powieścią Kuzynka Bietka tworzy dyptyk Ubodzy krewni.

Treść
Pons, ubogi i niezbyt urodziwy krewny rodziny Camusot de Marville, żyje w nędznych warunkach razem z jedynym przyjacielem, Niemcem Schmucke. Regularnie wyśmiewany i upokarzany przez bogatszą rodzinę, utrzymuje z nią kontakty mimo wszystko, pragnąc ich towarzystwa i mając słabość do zjadanych u Camusotów obiadów. Jego drugą pasją jest kolekcjonowanie dzieł sztuki; zbiór Ponsa osiąga, wskutek wieloletniego zbierania obrazów, wysoką wartość. Po śmierci kuzyna, wywołanej biedą i złym traktowaniem, krewni, którzy upokarzali go za życia, nagle podejmują walkę o spadek. Udaje im się pozbawić schedy jedynego wskazanego spadkobiercę – Schmuckego – i przejąć kolekcję wyłącznie dla jej materialnej wartości, nadal nie rozumiejąc artystycznych pasji Ponsa.

Cechy utworu
Kuzyn Pons jest dokładnym przeciwieństwem Kuzynki Bietki: tytułowy "ubogi krewny" nie jest postacią aktywną, pragnącą przeciwstawić się swojemu losowi, lecz uosobieniem naiwności, prostolinijności i szczerości. Pons jest wyraźnie – już poprzez swój ubiór i otoczenie – przedstawiony jako postać wręcz z innej epoki, niezdolna do zaadaptowania się w realiach monarchii lipcowej. Obsesja związana z kolekcjonowaniem dzieł sztuki i ogólna fascynacja kulturą uniemożliwiają bohaterowi zrozumienie otaczającego go świata. Pons nie zostaje jednak w żaden sposób potępiony – poprzez konsekwentny kontrast między Ponsem i Schmuckem a całym ich otoczeniem (od pani Cibot, gospodyni domu, po rodzinę Camusotów) Balzak ukazuje wszechobecny we francuskim społeczeństwie materializm, bezwzględną chęć dorobienia się w dowolny sposób, nawet poprzez cudzą krzywdę. Kuzyn Pons jest jednym z najsilniejszych w Komedii ludzkiej oskarżeń hipokryzji mieszczańskiej oraz mentalności parweniusza – rodzina Camusotów, która zresztą pojawia się również w innych utworach stanowi archetyp świeżo wzbogaconych, pozbawionych wykształcenia i ogłady członków wyższych sfer.

Kuzyn Pons wpisuje się również w ogólną balzakowską refleksję o sztuce. Podczas gdy opowiadania Nieznane arcydzieło, Gambara czy Piotr Grassou poruszają problem sztuki i życia twórcy, o tyle Kuzyn Pons przedstawia samo kolekcjonowanie dzieł sztuki jako równie niszczący, związany z obsesją proces. Wiele mówi również fakt, że Pons sam pragnął robić karierę artystyczną, jednak zrezygnował, widząc amoralizm wielkiego świata. Mimo piętnowanego przez Balzaka braku dostatecznej energii, by żyć wg własnych zasad moralnych, jest tym samym "naznaczony piętnem artystycznym", a autor nie potępia go całkowicie – Pons nie uległ bowiem całkowicie destrukcyjnemu wpływowi wielkiego świata.

Bibliografia
 J. Parvi, Dwa studia o namiętnościach: Kuzyn Pons, [w:] Rzeczywistość i fantazja. Studia o literaturze francuskiej XIX wieku, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 1989, .

Linki zewnętrzne

 Polskie wydania powieści w bibliotece Polona

Powieści Honoré de Balzaca
Powieści z 1847

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