text:
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Why U.S. Wildfires Hit California More Than the Southeast | Intellectual Takeout
The wildfires are a reminder of an unpleasant reality: governments are poor stewards of the environment.
Looking elsewhere for a solution.
https://www.intellectualtakeout.org/why-u-s-wildfires-hit-california-more-than-the-southeast/
By Jon Miltimore
California wildfires continue to blaze in one of the worst fire seasons in recent memory. While California fires are nothing new, government data show the damage has been substantial.
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection says that since August 15, when California's fire activity accelerated, there have been at least 24 fatalities and more than 4,200 structures destroyed. (Ten people have also died in Oregon, CNN reports.) So far in 2020, California wildfires have burned more than 3.2 million acres of land – an area roughly the size of Connecticut.
As the fires rage, politicians argue over what (and who) is to blame.
California Gov. Gavin Newsom and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti say climate change is the culprit, while President Donald Trump says the fires are the result of poor land management.
These answers are not mutually exclusive, of course, and evidence suggests that both poor land management and California's high temperatures and arid climate have played a role.
While addressing California's extreme temperatures is difficult, especially in the short term (unless you're a member of the X-Men named Storm), evidence suggests immediate solutions are available to improve state and federal forestry management.
Excessive Extinguishing
Citing the fires scorching the West, The New York Times last week ran an article that stated it was time for government agencies to rethink their fire management policies.
"For over a century, firefighting agencies have focused on extinguishing fires whenever they occur. That strategy has often proved counterproductive," the Times reports. "Many landscapes evolved to burn periodically, and when fires are suppressed, vegetation builds up thickly in forests. So when fires do break out, they tend to be far more severe and destructive."
This was precisely what economist Jairaj Devadiga pointed out in a 2018 FEE article that examined why California's wildfires historically have been much worse than those of Baja California, where fires are allowed to burn naturally at low intensity, regularly clearing out forest floors and limiting the spread of large conflagrations.
Though the Times doesn't mention Baja California, the paper does endorse the Mexican state's strategy of allowing fires to burn naturally to eliminate vegetation, pointing out that experts attribute the tactic to the more successful fire prevention approach found in the Southeastern United States.
Scientists who study wildfires agree that allowing forests and grasslands to burn periodically — by, say, intentionally setting smaller fires under controlled conditions — can be a more effective way to clear out vegetation. In Ponderosa pine forests, for instance, low-level fire can nurture ecosystems and help prevent destructive large-scale fires from breaking out.
This already occurs in the Southeastern United States, where officials use prescribed fires to burn millions of acres each year. While the region still sees destructive blazes — like Tennessee's drought-fueled Great Smoky Mountains fires in 2016, which killed at least 14 people — experts credit the use of controlled burns with sparing many Southeastern communities from fire damage.
Contrary to Western states, "fire is widely accepted as a tool for land management in the Southeast," fire scientist Crystal Kolden told the Times. This is in stark contrast to California, where just 50,000 acres were intentionally burned in 2017. (As a point of reference, academics estimate between 4.4 million and 11.8 million acres of forest burned annually in prehistoric California.)
Fortunately, it appears that political leaders are beginning to recognize the problem. In August,
Newsom signed a memo acknowledging California needs more preventive fire.
While this is a step in the right direction, federal regulations could prove an obstacle to the strategy.
As Sam Rutzick at Reason point outs, the Clean Air Act of 1990 treats the smoke from a controlled burn as a pollutant (in contrast to a wildfire allowed to burn) and the National Environmental Policy Act requires "a couple-thousand-page document analyzing every single conceivable impact to the environment that the (burn) plan might have."
Ownership vs. Stewardship
As the economist Holly Fretwell has observed, it has become conventional wisdom that government officials know best when it comes to protecting the environment. But the reality is government officials and bureaucrats operate under incentive structures and management systems that often run counter to effective land management.
Unlike private landowners, they have little incentive to be prudent long-term stewards of the land, which is why, Fretwell points out, "almost one-third of the acreage managed by the Forest Service is at high risk of catastrophic wildfire."
The truth is federal agencies are much better at enforcing regulations than providing meaningful land stewardship. This is one of inherent problems when lands are owned collectively. As FEE's Webb Beard has observed, echoing Aristotle, when something is owned by everyone, it is effectively owned by no one. The incentive to maintain or improve it is removed because these decision-makers do not benefit from prudent stewardship, and often do benefit from imprudent exploitation, neglect, and virtue-signaling but counterproductive "protection."
This is why many economists see property rights as a solution to federal land mismanagement. When individuals own something, they have incentive to maintain it and protect it effectively, evidenced by the strong record of private property owners who have turned around threatened ecosystems.
"Ted Turner and buffalo ranchers brought the buffalo population back from the brink of extinction because of property rights. Fishermen almost fished the population of British Columbia halibut into extinction, and property rights brought their population back," Beard wrote. "In many regions of Africa, trophy hunting helps to keep populations of certain animals from dipping to extinction levels and helps to fund conservation."
If you're wondering why you rarely hear of wildfires ravaging Texas, consider this fact: 95 percent of Texas' land mass is privately owned.
'A Cultural Shift' in Thinking
As the Times points out, effectively managing wildfires will require "a cultural shift" in thinking.
This means finally accepting the efficacy of prescribed burning, but it also means decentralizing the process and allowing more private ownership and more localized stewardship over these lands.
As Dr. Kolden points out, indigenous populations have a long track record of using fire effectively to manage forested areas.
"We should be empowering the people who know how to do this," Kolden told the Times.
This is no small matter. It's not exactly the hallmark of government agencies and bureaucrats to acknowledge that others might have more local knowledge and expertise to solve a problem than they do.
There's also the matter of addressing federal regulations that make it difficult for state agencies to use controlled burning as a tool (though simply eliminating policies that call for automatically extinguishing natural blazes is a step in the right direction).
It should also be acknowledged that no solution will immediately solve California's wildfire problem. The journal Nature Sustainability published a report in February stating the Golden State would have to burn 20 million acres of forested land to restore forest health. You don't solve a century's worth of mismanagement overnight.
The good news is, as Elizabeth Weil noted in a recent ProPublica article, "we know how to prevent megafires." The solution is ending aggressive fire suppression and empowering individuals who understand land management.
Lenya Quinn-Davidson, a fire adviser for the University of California Cooperative Extension and director of the Northern California Prescribed Fire Council, said this means embracing the hands-off fire prevention culture of the Southeast.
"Your average person goes out back with Grandpa, and they burn 10 acres on the back 40 you know, on a Sunday," Quinn-Davidson told Weil.
In other words, it means relinquishing control, which is something politicians and bureaucrats have a hard time doing, especially in the Golden State.
That may be the biggest hurdle for preventing disastrous wildfires in California.
This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.
Jonathan Miltimore is the Managing Editor of FEE.org. His writing/reporting has appeared in TIME magazine, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, Forbes, Fox News, and the Washington Times.
This entry was posted on September 18, 2020 at 6:07 am	and is filed under Uncategorized. Tagged: California, controlled burns, Department of Forestry, Gavin Newsom, Stewardship, U.S. Wildfires. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Q: How to Transfer Row based on Criteria - Google Apps Script I am setting up a tool that transfers rows to a different spreadsheet based on the age of the row (>= 30 Days Old).
I have figured out to delete the row based on the criteria (>= 30 Days Old), but I cannot seem to figure out how to move the row over successfully.  I have been working on two bits of code that seem like they only need a tweak or two but I cannot figure out what those tweaks are.
The First:
function CopyDataToNewFile() {
  var ss SpreadsheetApp.openById('ID'); // sss = source spreadsheet
  var sheet = ss.getSheetByName('Sheet1'); // sh = source sheet
  var ass = SpreadsheetApp.openById('ID'); // ass = archive spreadsheet
  var as = ass.getSheetByName('Sheet2'); // as = archive sheet
  var datarange = sheet.getDataRange(); //Get full range of data source
  var a_datarange = as.getDataRange(); // Get full range of archive
  var lastrow = datarange.getLastRow(); // get last row of data source
  var values = datarange.getValues(); // get all data in a 2D array
  var A1Range = datarange.getA1Notation(); //get A1 notation source
  var monthOld = Date.now() + -30 * 24 * 3600 * 1000; //adds 1 month to today

  for (i = lastrow; i >= 1; i--) {
    var tempDate = values[i - 1][4];
    if ((tempDate != "") && (tempDate <= monthOld)) {

      sheet.getRange(datarange.getRow(), 1, 1, sheet.getLastRow()).moveTo(a_datarange);

    } //closes if
  } //closes for loop
} //closes function

Here, I receive the error:
"Target range and source range must be on the same spreadsheet. (line 49, file "Delete"):
I believe this means that moveTo() cannot be used here, but I do not know what do use instead.
The Second
function MoveOldEntries() {

  var sss = '1kKFvRT4hCclHQRsQ_4Z3wNifGirXczfViCi31Nw_wD0';
  var ass = '1K2xDQEGnFcUcs3u3Cj86z6UsxR35kdRV_awMFFeXKt0';
  var s_sheet1 = SpreadsheetApp.openById(sss).getSheets()[0];
  var a_sheet1 = SpreadsheetApp.openById(ass).getSheets()[0];
  var lr = s_sheet1.getLastRow();

  var rows = s_sheet1.getDataRange();
  var numRows = rows.getNumRows();
  var values = rows.getValues();

  for (i = lr; i >=1; i--) {
    var oldDate = Date.now() + - 90 * 24 * 3600 * 1000;     // or var oldDate =  new Date('values[i][1]')
    var curDate = new Date();
    var tempDate = values[i-1][4]
    if ((tempDate!="") && (tempDate <= (oldDate))) {
      a_sheet1.appendRow([values])
  }
}
}

This returns the correct number of rows to the archive sheet, but it is gibberish:
[Ljava.lang.Object;@1534974f
[Ljava.lang.Object;@5fd49386
[Ljava.lang.Object;@199384d5
[Ljava.lang.Object;@6cd6e3a6
[Ljava.lang.Object;@152fec74
[Ljava.lang.Object;@58300fb3
[Ljava.lang.Object;@1e50f226

Any ideas on what to change are appreciated. I have been working on this for days!

A: Use below code. Since you can't move, you need to get values, filter and then set values to destination.
function CopyDataToNewFile() {
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.openById('ID'); // sss = source spreadsheet
  var sheet = ss.getSheetByName('Sheet1'); // sh = source sheet
  var values = sheet.getDataRange().getValues(); // get all data in a 2D array

  var ass = SpreadsheetApp.openById('ID'); // ass = archive spreadsheet
  var as = ass.getSheetByName('Sheet2'); // as = archive sheet

  var monthOld = Date.now() + (-30 * 24 * 3600 * 1000); //adds 1 month to today
  var results = [];

  values.forEach(function(row) {
    var tempDate = row[4];
    if (tempDate != '' && tempDate <= monthOld) {
      results.push(row);
    }
  });

  // results.unshift(values[0]); // uncomment this if you want the column names from source sheet to copy

  as.getRange(as.getLastRow()+1, 1, results.length, results[0].length).setValues(results);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


College football (or any other D1 sport) fans, people who want to be anonymous and have privacy, people who don't like over zealous campus safety officers disrupting and harrassing polite students acting completely within the law and school rules. Campus safety throughout my four years was constantly and unneccessarily harassing students for no good reason. It's college, and the campus safety dept needs to focus less on college kids acting like college kids, and focus more on protecting the campus (cars freqently broken into and vandalised).
This isn't a school for people who don't want to work for their success. The work you put in will correlate to the success you attain. Also, the school is not very handicap accessible. Most of the historic buildings don't have elevators. Oh, and no air conditioning either, but that's not really an issue since it doesn't normally require it.
In order to attend this college a student must be well motivated to succeed in the classroom and willing to become involved in campus activities, clubs, and sports teams. The majority of the student body is made up of white kids from strong socio-economic backgrounds.
A person who is not an 'activity' person. Everyone is involved in something on campus.
Negative minded, and sluggish people who can't work hard.
Someone who is lazy and does not want to do any work.


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text:
Twitter contacts IT ministry after government urges twitter authorities to remove fake accounts
According to recent reports, Twitter has reached the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on Tuesday to discuss the government's demand regarding the removal of more than 1000 Pakistani-Khalistani accounts spreading anti-India fake news.
IT Minister of India Ravi Shankar Prasad
According to recent reports, American social media company Twitter Inc has approached the Union IT Ministry for formal dialogue. The government had sent a list of some Twitter handles to Twitter and asked them to remove it, saying that they were involved in activities that spread inflammatory and misleading content on Twitter regarding farmers' protest.
In response to this, Twitter has said that it has approached the government for talks and 'for that the safety of its employees is at the top'. This reaction of Twitter has come when the government has asked to remove 1178 accounts from Twitter.
The Twitter spokesperson issued a statement saying that 'safety of our employees is a big priority for us. We remain in touch with the Government of India with all due respect and have approached the esteemed minister of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology for formal interaction.
Also Read- India-China Border Row: After IAF inducts more Rafale Jets , PLAAF begins readying its J-20 fighter jets
The company also said that it has also accepted the non-compliance notice from the government. Official sources had said that the government had given the names of 1,178 handles to Twitter and asked to remove them. The government described them as Pakistan-backed and Khalistan supporters. Sources had said that Twitter had not yet followed this order.
In the latest statement of the company, the spokesperson said, "We firmly believe that free exchange of information has a positive impact globally, and the tweet should continue to flow." The company said that it takes appropriate steps on such reports, as well as ensuring that its 'commitment to the safety of public communication and fundamental principles remain.'
In January, the IT Ministry sent a list of 257 handles and tweets to Twitter. The same reason was given to block them. Twitter first blocked these accounts, but after a few hours, they were unblocked.
Also Read- India-China Border Row: Chinese FM responds to statements made by Former Indian COAS V.K. Singh
Then on 4 February, the ministry sent a list of 1,178 such handles. The security agencies had identified them as accounts of Pakistan-supported and Khalistan supporters operating from abroad, who were allegedly trying to spread social and legal chaos among the peasant movement in the country. The government also said that many of these accounts were automated bots that were spreading misleading and inflammatory material related to the movement rapidly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Some months before this book was released on Friday, I'd sent a message to Smith via Twitter offering my services to read through the manuscript and edit it if he wished. It was a genuine offer – I have more than a decade of experience as a newspaper sub-editor (which forms part of my 20 years in journalism) so I had the skills.
There was also a selfish motive in that offer – I was dead keen to read the book and figured the editing gig would enable me to read it earlier. As it turned out I had to wait a bit longer to read it; at least until the advance review copies were sent out to the media.
When I first heard Smith – who also runs some website called The Crafty Pint (apparently it's rather big) – was writing a book, I was hoping it would be a history of the Australian craft beer scene. But that's not the book he wrote, which i'm okay with. If he did write that book, it would have taken a whole lot longer and I would have still been waiting for it.
That said, there is some history of the scene here; both in the intro, which gives a "well, how did we get here?" overview, and in many of the write-ups about each of the 150 beers. (incidentally, there is also the obligatory few pages on how beer is made. As every beer book seems to have them, I tend to skip than. But I read that section in Smith's book because I found it nicely written).
The core of the book are the profiles on the 150 beers. Each gets a page to itself which includes tasting notes, the story behind the beer, food matches and where you can find it. The selection – and the book – is aimed at the space between those who will forever drink VB and the beer geek. In other words, those that might be won over to the side of tasty beer. So there will be beers includes that will likely make geeks cranky ("Hahn Premium? This guy has got to be joking. And White Rabbit? That's not craft") but I think the selection works well.
And the geeks will be pleased that Smith has included the hugely niche Billy B's apple beer. Or maybe they won't because they'll be annoyed that now everyone will know about it. Oh well.
As someone who recognised all the beers here, and has drunk most of them, I still drew a lot out of this book. Especially through the little snippets of history you get with the story of each beer. There was plenty of stuff I didn't know. So much that I reckon I'll have to read it a second time to take it all in.
With Fathers Day coming up this makes a great present. If you've got kids start telling them to buy this book for you. If you don't have kids, go adopt some so they can buy it. Or, if you wanted to take the easy route, I guess you could just buy it for yourself.
Because if you like beer, you should buy this.


Thinking about your communication with others is an important skill to continuously develop. Tania Coke shares some tips.
The terms "active listening" and "emotional intelligence" have become common-place in organisational life. Many of us have attended communication skills or conflict management training courses and pride ourselves on our interpersonal skills. It's one thing to listen actively and speak with emotional intelligence during role-play in the training room. It's a very different thing to do it in the heat of the moment in real-life conflict situations.
We invite you to reflect afresh on what it means to be a good communicator, before or during a courageous conversation. We challenge you to make a realistic assessment of your communication skills and we ask what can be done to narrow the gap between the theory and practice of good communication.
How shall we define good communication? Often we assess communication skills in terms of tangible outcomes, for example what agreements were reached as a result of the conversation. For this article, we are not concerned with these tangible outcomes. We are concerned with the quality of communication itself and the effect on the relationship between the people involved.
Communication can be thought of as a two-way process of transmitting and receiving information between people. The information we are mainly concerned with is to do with thoughts and feelings, which includes observations, opinions, ideas, intentions, preferences, needs, beliefs, values, suggestions and emotions.
So what does it mean to transmit and receive this information well?
Let's start with the transmitting mode. In our model, the good communicator transmits information with a certain intention. The intention is not to deny other people's thoughts and feelings, but to share their own with the intention of nurturing relationship and building mutual understanding. In choosing what information to transmit, they therefore focus on the information that they think will most help the other person to understand them. For instance, they will typically try to convey not just what they think but why they think it and why it matters to them.
The good communicator is also aware that there are various channels through which we transmit information. In the typical workplace conversation, there are three main channels of communication at our disposal. We can express ourselves through words, the way we use our voice (pitch, intonation and volume) and through our body (physical posture, facial expressions, gestures and actions). The good communicator pays attention to what s/he is expressing through these three channels and makes choices accordingly.
In the case of receiving information, we can distinguish between intention and attention. The good communicator pays attention to what the other person is transmitting through their words, voice and body. Although we are equipped with excellent faculties (eyes, ears, cognitive processes, etc.) to receive this information, our ability to do so gets derailed in many ways. We may have certain assumptions, preconceptions or prejudices about the other person that cause us to block out what they are actually saying. The good communicator is able to acknowledge information that goes against these preconceptions, enquire into that information and even, where appropriate, change their opinions on the basis of new information. Another reason we may lose attention is when we have an agenda that dominates our awareness to the exclusion of all else, for example: "I have to leave in five minutes – how can I end the conversation?" Or we are so busy trying to solve the problem that we are no longer paying attention to what the other person is expressing.
Good communication requires the self-awareness to recognise these agendas and put them on hold when necessary, in order to remain open and attentive to the other person. Good communication can also take the form of reflecting back to the other person the information that you have received, in order to test out your understanding and let them know that you are paying attention.
Like in the transmitting mode, the intention of the good communicator whilst in receiving mode is to nurture relationship and build mutual understanding. They are not scanning for the information that will best prove their point, but rather trying to understand what is most important to the other person and why.
1. What do you remember about what you said, how you said it, your posture and gestures?
2. Based on the above, what impression of you do you think the other person came away with?
3. Did you tell them something you care deeply about or was it a superficial conversation?
4. Is there anything you wished you had said, or asked, or done, that you didn't?
5. What do you remember about what the other person said, how they said it and how they behaved physically?
6. Based on this, what impression of them did you come away with?
7. What seemed to matter to them most during the conversation?
8. Did they say or do anything that particularly impressed/delighted/annoyed/upset/surprised you? Did you tell them it back in some way? Why do you think it had that effect on you?
9. Were you aware of having any particular agenda, preoccupation, preconception or assumption during that conversation?
When it comes to communication, the gap between theory and practice is vast. Caught up in the web of deadlines, pressures, fears and longings of real life, it can be fiercely difficult to remain self-aware, attentive, open-minded and authentic. The occasional listening or communication skills workshop is unlikely to make any real change to our practice. Luckily, each day is bound to bring its own learning opportunities. You can use the questions above to reflect on any important conversation or meeting you have had, review your performance and identify ways to improve. Another idea is to team up with a friend or colleague at work, observe one another during meetings and give one another feedback on your communication skills. Through daily awareness and practice, we can start to narrow the daunting gap between the theory and practice of good communication.


The Stanford National Forensic Institute is again offering a program for middle school debaters. This camp will focus both on the style of debate at middle schools in the Bay Area, and the transition to high school debate events. This camp is designed to teach the fundamentals of debating, covering material that is similar to that described for the 2-Week Parliamentary program, but in a slightly slower format that is tailored to Middle School students. We will focus more on individual workshops than on broad topic lectures and skills seminars, and will debate practice topics that are more accessible to the typical middle school student in order to increase the educational value of the program. Students in the 2-Week Middle School Parliamentary program will have an opportunity to progress to more advanced topics than students in the 1-Week session in addition to completing approzimately twice as many practice debate rounds.


text:
<?php if (!defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
/**
 * Group Model
 * @todo explanation
 * @author Minh Duc Nguyen <minh.nguyen@ands.org.au>
 */
class Groups extends CI_Model {

	/**
	 * get All groups from SOLR
	 * requires all registry objects with distinct groups to be indexed correctly before returning anything
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getAll() {

		$this->load->library('solr');
		$this->solr
			->setFacetOpt('facet', 'true')
			->setOpt('fq', '+class:collection')
			->setFacetOpt('field', 'group')
			->setFacetOpt('limit', '-1');
		$result = $this->solr->executeSearch();
		$result = $this->solr->getFacetResult('group');

		$groups = array();
		foreach($result as $key=>$value) {
			if($value > 0) {
				$groups[] = array(
					'title' => $key,
					'logo' 	=> $this->fetchLogo($key),
					'slug'	=> url_title($key, '-', true),
					'counts' => $value
				);
			}

		}

		return $groups;
	}

	function fetchLogo($group) {
		$slug = url_title($group, '-', true);

		//check for custom logo that is published
		$data = $this->fetchData($group);
		if ($data) {
			$data = json_decode($data->{'data'}, true);
			if(isset($data['hide_logo']) && $data['hide_logo']) {
				return false;
			}
			if (isset($data['logo'])) {
				return $data['logo'];
			}
		}

		//check for default path
		$path = 'applications/portal/group/assets/logos/'.$slug.'.jpg';
		$path2 = 'applications/portal/group/assets/logos/'.$slug.'.png';

		if (file_exists($path)) {
			return asset_url('group/logos/'.$slug.'.jpg', 'full_base_path');
		} elseif(file_exists($path2)) {
			return asset_url('group/logos/'.$slug.'.png', 'full_base_path');
		} else {
			 return false;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a list of funders
	 * funders are party of type group and has relation of isFundedBy
	 * @return [type] [description]
	 */
	function getFunders() {
		$this->load->library('solr');
		$this->solr
			->setFacetOpt('facet', 'true')
			->setOpt('fq', '+class:activity')
			->setFacetOpt('field', 'funders');
		$result = $this->solr->executeSearch();
		$result = $this->solr->getFacetResult('funders');

		$groups = array();
		foreach($result as $key=>$value) {
			$groups[] = array(
				'title' => $key,
				'logo' 	=> $this->fetchLogo($key),
				'slug'	=> url_title($key, '-', true),
				'counts' => $value
			);
		}

		return $groups;
	}

	/**
	 * return a single group based on the slug it provides
	 * the group returns will be an associative array
	 * @return group
	 */
	function get($slug, $prefer = 'PUBLISHED') {

		//find the group in SOLR
		//@todo could be shorten by caching the result?
		$group = array();
		$groups = $this->getAll();
		foreach($groups as $gr) {
			if($gr['slug']==$slug) {
				$group = $gr; break;
			}
		}

		//return empty if we can't find it
		if (empty($group)) return $group;

		//reload solr
		$this->load->library('solr');

		$this->solr
			->init()
			->setOpt('fq', '+group:("'.$group['title'].'")')
			->setFacetOpt('field','class')
			->setFacetOpt('field', 'subject_value_resolved')
            ->setFacetOpt('field', 'type')
			->setFacetOpt('limit', '-1')
			->setFacetOpt('sort', 'count')
            ->setOpt('rows', 0)
			->executeSearch();

		$group['facet'] = array();

		//classes
		$group['facet']['class'] = array();
		$classes = $this->solr->getFacetResult('class');
		$group['facet']['types'] = $this->solr->getFacetResult('type');
        $expectedClasses = ['collection', 'party', 'activity', 'service'];
        foreach ($expectedClasses as $class) {
            if (!array_key_exists($class, $classes)) {
                $classes[$class] = 0;
            }
        }
		foreach ($classes as $class => $num) {
			$group['facet']['class'][$class] = $num;
		}

		//subjects
		$group['facet']['subjects'] = array();
		$subjects = $this->solr->getFacetResult('subject_value_resolved');
		foreach ($subjects as $subject=>$num) {
            if($num > 0){
                $group['facet']['subjects'][] = array(
                    'name' => $subject,
                    'num'  => $num
                );
            }
		}

		//reload and collect groups
		$group['groups'] = array();
		$result = $this->solr
			->init()
			->setOpt('fq', '+group:("'.$group['title'].'")')
			->setOpt('fq', '+class:party')
			->setOpt('fq', '+type:group')
			->setOpt('rows', '5')
			->setOpt('fl', 'id,slug,title')
			->executeSearch(true);
        $group['groups_count'] =  $result['response']['numFound'];
		foreach($result['response']['docs'] as $doc) {
			$group['groups'][] = array(
				'id' => $doc['id'],
				'title' => $doc['title'],
				'slug' => isset($doc['slug']) ? $doc['slug']:''
			);
		}
		//latest 5 collections
		$group['latest_collections'] = array();
		$this->solr
			->init()
			->clearOpt('fq')
			->setOpt('rows', '5')
			->setOpt('fq', '+group:("'.$group['title'].'")')
			->setOpt('fq', '+class:collection')
			->setOpt('sort', 'record_modified_timestamp desc');
		$result = $this->solr->executeSearch(true);
		foreach($result['response']['docs'] as $doc) {
			$group['latest_collections'][] = array(
				'id' => $doc['id'],
				'title' => $doc['title'],
				'slug' => $doc['slug']
			);
		}

		//get custom fields from the database
		$data = $this->fetchData($group['title'], $prefer);
		if($data) {
			$group['has_custom_data'] = true;
			$group['custom_data'] = json_decode($data->{'data'}, true);
		} else {
			$group['has_custom_data'] = false;
		}
		return $group;
	}

	function fetchData($name='', $prefer='PUBLISHED') {
		$this->portal_db = $this->load->database('portal', TRUE);

		if($prefer=='PUBLISHED') {
			$result = $this->portal_db->get_where('contributor_pages', array('name'=>$name, 'status'=>'PUBLISHED'), 1, 0);

		} else {
			$result = $this->portal_db->get_where('contributor_pages', array('name'=>$name, 'status'=>'DRAFT'), 1, 0);
			if($result->num_rows() == 0) {
				$result = $this->portal_db->get_where('contributor_pages', array('name'=>$name, 'status'=>'REQUESTED'), 1, 0);
			}
		}

		if ($result && $result->num_rows() > 0) {
			return $result->first_row();
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	function getAllData() {
		$this->portal_db = $this->load->database('portal', TRUE);
		$result = $this->portal_db->select('name,status,date_modified')->get('contributor_pages');
		if ($result->num_rows() > 0) {
			return $result->result_array();
		}
	}

	function saveData($name='', $data=array()) {
		$this->portal_db = $this->load->database('portal', TRUE);

		$published = $this->fetchData($name, 'PUBLISHED');
		$drafts = $this->fetchData($name, 'DRAFT');

		if(!isset($data['status'])) $data['status'] = 'DRAFT';

		if(!$drafts) {
			//create a draft
			$data = array(
				'name' => $name,
				'authorative_datasource' => '0',
				'status' => $data['status'],
				'data' => json_encode($data['data'], JSON_FORCE_OBJECT),
				'date_modified' => date("Y-m-d H:i:s"),
				'modified_who' => $this->user->localIdentifier()
			);
			$result = $this->portal_db->insert('contributor_pages', $data);
		} elseif ($drafts && $data['status']!='PUBLISHED') {
			//update the draft
			$data = array(
				'status' => $data['status'],
				'data' => json_encode($data['data'], JSON_FORCE_OBJECT),
				'date_modified' => date("Y-m-d H:i:s"),
				'modified_who' => $this->user->localIdentifier()
			);
			$this->portal_db->where('name', $name);
			$this->portal_db->where_in('status', array('DRAFT', 'REQUESTED'));
			$result = $this->portal_db->update('contributor_pages', $data);
		} elseif ($data['status']=='PUBLISHED') {
			//destroy all
			$this->portal_db->where('name', $name)->delete('contributor_pages');
			//create a PUBLISHED
			$data = array(
				'name' => $name,
				'authorative_datasource' => '0',
				'status' => $data['status'],
				'data' => json_encode($data['data'], JSON_FORCE_OBJECT),
				'date_modified' => date("Y-m-d H:i:s"),
				'modified_who' => $this->user->localIdentifier()
			);
			$result = $this->portal_db->insert('contributor_pages', $data);
		}

		if($data['status']=='REQUESTED') {
			//alert new contributor page
			ulog_email(
				'Contributor Page requested to be Published',
				'Contributor Page '.$name.' requested to be published. Link: '.portal_url('group/cms/#/groups/'.$name)
			);
		}

		return $result;
	}

	function getOwnedGroups() {
        $result = array();
        $owned_groups = array();
        $this->load->library('solr');
        $this->solr
            ->setFacetOpt('facet', 'on')
            ->setOpt('fq', '+class:collection')
            ->setFacetOpt('mincount', 1)
            ->setFacetOpt('limit', '-1')
            ->setFacetOpt('field', 'group');
        if($this->user->hasFunction('REGISTRY_SUPERUSER') == false)
        {
            $owned_ds = $this->user->ownedDataSourceIDs();
            $fq_str = implode('") OR data_source_id:("', $owned_ds);
            $fq_str = 'data_source_id:("'.$fq_str.'")';
            $this->solr->setOpt('q', $fq_str);
        }
        $this->solr->executeSearch();
        $result = $this->solr->getFacetResult('group');

        foreach($result as $key=>$val) {
            array_push($owned_groups, $key);
        }

		return $owned_groups;
	}

    function canUserEdit($group_name) {
        $this->load->library('solr');
        $this->solr
            ->setFacetOpt('facet', 'on')
            ->setOpt('fq', '+group:("'.urldecode($group_name).'")')
            ->setOpt('fq', '+class:collection')
            ->setFacetOpt('mincount', 1)
            ->setFacetOpt('limit', '-1')
            ->setFacetOpt('field', 'data_source_id');
        $this->solr->executeSearch();
        $result = $this->solr->getFacetResult('data_source_id');
        if(is_array($result) && sizeof($result) > 0){
            if($this->user->hasFunction('REGISTRY_SUPERUSER')){
                return true;
            }
            else{
                $owned_ds = $this->user->ownedDataSourceIDs();
                foreach($result as $key=>$val) {
                    if(in_array($key, $owned_ds))
                        return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mojave 10.14 is now available for those who want early access through Public Beta. But instead of installing Mojave on those pricey Macs here's how to do it for cheap on your custom PC for thousands less.
If you never built a hackintosh check out our list of compatible parts or the build list for hackintosh friendly parts. Right now this is just a desktop guide I'll be experimenting on laptops in the future and update this guide or create another when that happens.
We now need to configure the file in our EFI folder called config.plist to work with our hardware by opening and modifying it with Clover Configurator.
Most AMD cards are natively supported in Mojave if you have an RX 560/570/580 you are good. Make sure you set the ig-platform-id in config.plist to run in dGPU mode to avoid issues with certain apps in macOS like FCPX.
Hey, if this guide helped you please consider using our Amazon link when shopping or a kind Paypal donation to help fund and keep Hackintosher.com running. Thank you!
69 Comments on "Guide to fresh installing macOS Mojave on a Hackintosh"
Does Mojave need the USB patch(es) to get USB3 working?
I've got everything working, but my third display has a decidedly purple tint to it. I'm using an MSI RX560 utilizing HDMI, DVI, and DisplayPort. Has anyone run into this before?
My HDMI display is having the exact same issue, switching between smbios didn't help..
Thanks a lot, clean tutorial as always.
Everything works, even dual monitor with hd630 only.
However, on the HDMI display Im getting a purple tint that doesn't exists on High Sierra. Any idea?
I had the same issue on both of my monitors, connected via HDMI. This solved the issue for me.
Noticed a minor error. Polaris is AMD, nvidia GTX 10xx is Pascal.
But there is no ig-platform-id in Devices. However there is one in Graphics. I assume that it should read "Highlight Graphics on left column"?
You're welcome! And thank you for the excellent work that you do.
I'm installed High Sierra 17G2208 on a B360 mobo with i3-8100 using iGPU.
I was curious to see if on High Sierra 17G2208 I could drop those patches and indeed I can.
BUT I'm unable to get acceleration.
Is there a way to get acceleration working using the new AAPL,ig-platform-id on High Sierra 17G2208?
Hi Luca I want to give it a try with a Asus ROG B360 G Gaming and i3 8100 using Dedicated Graphics Card GTX 1050ti if you do have the same board can you share your efi folder.
Does Mojave still require the patch for getting the graphic acceleration to work on the i3 8100?
I think by Nvidia 'Polaris' you mean 'Pascal' ?
I just installed the latest final release of Mojave 10.14 and it's smooth and worked like a breeze!
I also downloaded MacX video converter and it showed hardware encoding supported BUT in the graphics card it showed my intel gpu, not the RX vega, I don't know if that's cosmetic or there's something I still need to do….
Audio works fine – have a pair of BOSE computer speakers connected.
Internet works too, got a wifi extender and connected it via LAN to my hackintosh since the router is elsewhere.
I mainly use my system for video editing and motion graphics – FCP X, Adobe Premiere, After effects.
I have a 250gb EVO 850 SSD in which I'm going to install windows 10 and put up all the 3d softwares such as Cinema 4d and Maya that I need.
What is "ig-platform-id to 0x59120003" for??
I have i5-4570 and RX580, do I need to change that as well?
Are you installing the OS with your graphics card plugged in? If so it's better to change the platform id to 0x59120003.
I had i7700K without dedicated graphics card and a Dell P2415Q 4K monitor. The monitor got into power save mode as the installer went the first pass. Tried several workarounds and still failed. Switched to a regular HDTV and it went smooth. Everything works fine on High Sierra. Even if I successfully installed Mojave with the said HDTV, once I changed back to Dell P2415Q, the same issue appeared again. Some ideas?
Nope. AMD CPUs require a hacked kernel since Apple does not run them in their Mac hardware. Hacked kernels require Apple to release kernel source code, which usually comes out months after an OS release. At the moment the latest available is High Sierra 10.13.6.
Note: I ran a Ryzen High Sierra build for most of a year. Worked great on Windows. But with MacOS — man what a headache! If you want to install even an incremental security update you have to reinstall the entire OS. It crashed *constantly* – especially on final cut pro x, like every 10-15 minute a hard freeze. My advice would be to sell it and run intel if you are truly interested in hackintoshing.
Got up and running with the guide above. everything works. However, I notice that when I go into system preference –> Desktop & Screen Saver then click on "desktop" to change background my system freezes.
Anyone notice this? I tried removing the "whatevergreen" kext to see if that was an above but still have the issue. minor but wanted to resolve. thanks.
It looks like you have a handful of unnecessary kexts to begin with.
I would add WhateverGreen.kext back in since WhateverGreen is shaping up to be an all in one solution for video for the most part and having it for your rx 560 will most likely help. WhateverGreen has currently merged IntelGraphicsFixup, Shiki, NvidiaGraphicsFixup. So you can get rid of all 3 of those.
Also, get rid of RealtekRTL8111.kext. You don't need it. AppleALC.kext handles your motherboard's sound codec fine by itself.
Get rid of NullCPUPowerManagement. Proper power management for coffee lake can be had by just checking the "plugin type" checkbox in clover configurator.
Get rid of SmallTreeIntel82576.kext. IntelMausiEthernet should work fine for your board.
Also you don't need FakePCIID_Intel_HD_Graphices.kext or FakePCIID.kext. I have the same exact cpu as you and have no problems without faking.
And you have a 300 series board so you can get rid of XHCI-x99-injector.kext and XHCI-200-series-injector.kext.
In general I like only keep what I absolutely need in both my kexts folder and in my config.plist. Just seems cleaner to me.
For whatever kexts you are using, make sure you have the most updated versions. Especially Whatevergreen and Lilu for you specific problem. In the case of those two, make sure you get their latest releases from Github. I have had plenty of issues that have been resolved by updating a kext.
Thanks for the feedback. I cleaned it up. issue continues but I found the problem.
Went back to the "How to fix Video Rendering in FCPX High Sierra" and found that I was missing "-rad4200" and added.
This seem to have corrected the issue. also, I no have freezing issues in iMovie when exporting projects.
HI! Fresh installation, everything is ok. Only problem: if you set the machine to sleep, the audio no longer works on restart. Does anyone have a solution?
My configuration: Intel 8700 + Asus TUF Prime Z370 + RX 580 8Gb Pulse.
I followed this guide to the letter with a Gigabyte Z370N and i5-8400, which was running High Sierra flawlessly (everything worked). All BIOS changes required to run High Sierra are still in place.
I used Hackintosher's pre-made EFI folder, with FixShutdown the only modification made to the config. But I cannot even get the Mojave installer to run. Clover boots, but when I select the Mojave installer USB, it runs for about 3-4 minutes and then the system appears to go to sleep. The monitor goes into power save mode and all activity on the USB drive ceases, keyboard and mouse unresponsive. Booting with the -v flag indicates a lot of activity, but the final entries before the screen goes black fly by too fast for me to tell where the process crashes. Installing using the Display Port. Any suggestions for where to start troubleshooting would be appreciated. Thanks!
Same , did you find a solution?
Yes. My solution was to use tonymac's Unibeast 9 to make the install USB. This enabled full install without an issue. The overall issue is that the ig-platform-id used for High Sierra is no longer recognized by Mojave and needed to be changed in config.plist to a supported ID. And any other graphics patch, fix, or fakeID in your config.list or kexts needs to be disabled. Once that is done and the SMBIOS is set to iMac18,1, absolutely nothing else is required to get native iGPU support for the HD 630.
Thanks bro, worked like a charm!!
I create de USB installation with unibeast. It worked, but, before the instalation , how do you created the efi folder? With multibeast for Mojave? Or do you used the efi posted here and puf it on the efi partition?
Do the WLAN kewts listed in "Enabling Third Party Broad…" (step 10) work on Mojave? They worked for me on High Sierra but not Mojave.
Using the preconfigured Mojave EFI folder on a Z370 Aorus Gaming 5 / XFX Radeon RX 580 GTS is not allowing me to preview(spacebar) .jpgs in finder or open a .jpg in preview. Has anyone seen/fixed this?
have you upgraded from H.S. or did you do a new installation? I had your same problem going from H.S. in Moajave, with clean installation, now everything is ok.
I'm really a beginner at this and i would really be happy if someone could help me.
What can I do? I already tried all what you stated here, and I´ve tried for days already a lot of methods and nothing. I also tried putting the Ram in the SMBIOS part of the clover configurator but won't work.
Nice tutorial! All works! Well, one thing… Radeon Vega 64 fan full speed… any ideas how to fix that?
Generate kext by VGTab from this topic https://www.tonymacx86.com/threads/pastrychefs-asus-rog-strix-z370-g-gaming-wi-fi-ac-build-w-i7-8700k-amd-vega-56.239969/ and problem will gone.
If I turn off the display (tv currently, soon monitor) and then turn it back on, the display says there is no input. It's as if the Hackintosh was asleep, but I can't wake it. Sleep works fine otherwise.
I'm using Intel HD4600 and HDMI.
First of all. thanks for the guide.
This is my first PC build and first Hackintosh… I have a problem when it gets to the black Apple load screen. The bar initially progresses but then the screen goes completely black goes back to the Clover screen. I can't get past this initial Apple loading screen.
The screen is blank once I boot from install media.
Now it shows apple logo with progress bar. When progress bar completes it shows no entry or prohibited symbol.
I got this working on a MSI B250 Motherboard with i5 7500, Kingston SSD, 2 x 8 GB DDR4 2400 RAM. Runs Mojave 10.14.2. I downloaded it from the App Store directly. I used a USB3 sands cruiser 16GB thumb drive. The first time I booted it, it went into the apple logo and then into the beach ball logo. I figured out that I needed to use a USB2 port on the motherboard to plug in the drive to get rid of the error (booted in verbose mode from clover boot loader to get to the error).
Also lilu was needed to boot the drive successfully.
Another issue was the intel graphics HD630 was showing the memory as 7Mb after a successful install. I changed the SMBIOS to iMac 14.1 and inserted WhateverGreen.kext.
After I created the USB support for installation, I can't boot on it, my computer can't launch it whereas I can see "boot UEFI Sandisk" (my usb key), but it does nothing and finish to boot on windows.
I configured the Bios like explained in this article.
This key works on my more recent laptop (asus UX430 with i5 7200 cpu).
Is there native support for NVidia Kepler in High Sierra too?
I'm stuck on step 3.2. I've set the ig-platform-id to 0x59120003 but there there is no PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x0) under Devices>Properties.
Every thing working fine but 1 issues click shutdown gets restart.
By Helping me how to solve this issues will be more appreciate.
Did you try toggling fixShutdown under confing.plist -> acpi in Clover Configurator?
Does that mean that the following kepler-based GPU are compatible with Mojave?
If yes, should they work OOTB or should something be setup to have them working fully?
The follwoing has changed in the current version of Clover Configurator.
Could you please update the screenshot and instructions.
Sorry I can't follow the instructions here. I've successfully added ig-platform-id from the dropdown list. But I'm clueless with setting »AAPL,ig-platform-id«.
I have i5 3470 with HD 2500. I found on other forum that ig-platform-id is »0x0166000b« (which is 3rd in list of Ivy Bridge 4000 (desktop)), but nothing found about AAPL.
Trying to do a clean install of Mojave 10.14.3 on a new SSD using this guide, my machine is running High Sierra from another SSD perfectly. Main reason for upgrading is to get a radeon 580 8b MSI gpu working.
I've followed the guide twice from a-z, once with and once without a dedicated gpu, and after installation i cannot get past the loading screen when booting; it stops at a full load bar.
I used the EFI folder from Hackintosher, i'm wondering if there are things that need to be updated in it considering a now newer version of Mojave?
-i've used a Lexar 16gb CF card to make a bootdisk, when viewing the new SSD from my High Sierra drive i do see all the folders i would see after an installation.
-High Sierra still works from my old drive, so my guess the BIOS settings are fine.
Did you solve It mate?
i have a ECS Q87H3-M6 so, what settings should i use on the step Step 3.4 ? – i5 4460, GTX 970.


text:
Arts, Attractions, Community, Entertainment, Music, Summer July 1, 2014
July 1-6: St. Augustine EVENTS
From the St. Johns County Visitors & Convention Bureau
DAILY ONGOING EVENTS
The Award-Winning Journey: 450 Years of the African-American Experience - Recognized by the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation as an outstanding heritage education program, Journey: 450 Years of the African American Experience covers the long and storied history of African-Americans in St. Augustine. The story of African-Americans begins in St. Augustine with the first Africans both free and slave among founding colonists in 1565. The exhibition is designed for cultural and heritage visitors interested in the full history of America and its beginnings and comprises four themes: Genesis of the African-American Experience; Fortress of Freedom; Breaking the Chains; and Crossroads of Change. Tickets are $5 for adults; $4 for seniors; $3 for youth 7-12; under 7 free. Free admission for military in uniform. Located at the St. Augustine Visitors Information Center, 10 West Castillo Dr., St. Augustine. www.Journey2014.com
El Galeón and Nao Victoria Tour - Tour full-sized replicas of 16th and 17th century Spanish tall ships. Docked at the St. Augustine City Marina, El Galeón Andalucia and Nao Victoria are both open for daily tours. El Galeón is an exact replica of the famous galleons that played an important role in the creation and maintenance of the Spanish Empire. Built in Spain, it is similar to the galleon that brought Pedro Menendez to Florida where he founded St. Augustine in 1565. The Nao Victoria is a replica of the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world commanded by Ferdinand Magellan in the 16th century. The ships are available for tours beginning at 10 a.m. daily. El Galeón admission is $15 for adult and $8 for youth. Nao Victoria admission is $10 for adults and $5 for youth. A combo ticket for both ships is available for $20 for adults and $10 for youth. 111 Avenida Menendez. 904-824-1606www.elgaleon.org.
Transformers: Age of Extinction: An IMAX 3D Experience - The Transformers 4 is playing at The IMAX Theater at World Golf Hall of Fame through July 10. This IMAX Theater features the largest 3-D screen in the Southeast. Adults $13, Seniors/Students/Military $12, and Children 3-12 $10. Visit the website for show times. One World Golf Place, St. Augustine 904-940-4123 www.worldgolfimax.com
St. Augustine Art Association Annual Honors Show - St. Augustine Art Association's Annual Honors Show through July 6 will feature new works by artists who have won awards at association exhibits during the previous three years. The gallery is open Tuesday - Saturday noon – 4 p.m. andSunday 2 – 5 p.m. Admission is free. 22 Marine St., St. Augustine 904-824-2310 www.staaa.org
Katherine Parker Retrospective - The St. Augustine Art Association features a special, solo retrospective of the works of the late Katherine Parker through July 6. The artist lived in St. Augustine for 30 years where she developed a unique technique creating monotype serigraph silkscreens overlaid with gouache, pencil and gold leaf.  The gallery is open Tuesday - Saturday noon – 4 p.m. and Sunday 2 – 5 p.m. Admission is free. 22 Marine St., St. Augustine.  904-824-2310 www.staaa.org
For a complete list of eco/kayak, food, and history tours, and other special tours taking place on Florida's Historic Coast this week, visit Florida'sHistoricCoast.com/events
Wednesday:Â Â July 2
Farmer's Arts and Crafts Market - Farmer's Market located at the ocean-side St. Johns County Pier Park featuring selections of fresh produce, plants, baked goods, fine art, jewelry and more! Open 8 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. rain or shine. 350 A1A Beach Blvd., St. Augustine Beach. 904-347-8007
www.thecivicassociation.com
Music by the Sea Concert Series 2014 - Every Wednesday night through September 24, live concerts take place from 7 – 9 p.m. at the St. Augustine Beach Pier Pavilion. This week's band is Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg playing Classic R/R. Mojo Tacos will offer signature dinners for $10. Admission is free. For comfortable seating, bring a folding chair. 350 A1A Beach Blvd., St. Augustine Beach 904-347-8007www.thecivicassociation.org
Movie by the Bay - Ripley's St. Augustine Attractions and the St. Augustine Municipal Marina present free movies each Wednesday throughout the summer. The movies are shown at 8:30 p.m. at the Marina behind Bayfront Mini Golf, 111 Avenida Menendez. Bring beach chair and blanket for comfortable seating by the bay. 904-824-1606 www.facebook.com/saintaugustineripleys
Thursday: Â July 3
8th Annual Freedom Trail Celebration and Luncheon - Celebrates the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and honors the heroes and heroines of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine. Keynote speaker is David Colburn, former provost, senior vice president and chairman of the History Department at the University of Florida. The 11:30 a.m. event takes place in Flagler College's Dining Room, formerly the Ponce de Leon Hotel — scene of significant events related to the civil rights movement. Tickets are $45 per person. 74 King Street, St. Augustine. 904-347-1382 www.freedomtrail.org
World Golf Village Fireworks, Dinner and a Movie – World Golf Village celebrates Independence Day with its annual Community Fireworks-one of the largest displays in Northeast Florida. Enjoy an All American BBQ from 5:30 – 6:45 p.m. followed by priority seating for the IMAX showing of Transformers 7 – 9 p.m. Fireworks begin after the movie. Tickets are $35 for adults and $30 for children. One World Golf Pl., St. Augustine. 904-940-4123 www.WorldGolfHallofFame.org
2014 Concerts in the Plaza – The 24th season of Concerts in the Plaza continues with an evening of Gospel Music in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Bring a chair or blanket for seating. This free live performance takes place from 7 – 9 p.m. in St. Augustine's historic Plaza de la Constitucion. 904-825-1004 www.plazaconcerts.com
Thursday, Saturday & Sunday:  July 3, 5 & 6
Limelight Theatre Presents "Oliver!" - The well-loved musical adaptation of Charles Dickens' classic tale comes to the stage of the Limelight. Performance times are 7:30 p.m. Thursday & Saturday and 2 p.m. on Sunday. Tickets are $25; $22 seniors; $20 student and military. 11 Old Mission Ave., St. Augustine 904-825-1164 www.limelight-theatre.org
Friday: Â July 4
Schooner Freedom 4th of July Day Sail - Celebrate our Nation's birthday with an inspirational cruise aboard St. Augustine's premier tall ship, the Schooner Freedom. This two-hour sail departs at 12:15 p.m. from the City Marina. Escape the heat and crowds, let the breeze run through your hail, enjoy a cool drink and see what makes sailing in St. Augustine so amazing. Tickets are $35 for adults and $25 for kids.  111 Avenida Menendez, St. Augustine 904-810-1010 www.schoonerfreedom.com
4th On The El Galeon - The El Galeon invites guests to watch fireworks onboard the vessel from 7 – 10 p.m. A buffet and open bar will be provided by Culinary Outfitters. Tickets are $125. 111 Avenida Menendez, St. Augustine. 904-829-2727  www.elgaleon.org
Beer, Wine and Swine– Before the fireworks head over to Michael's Tasting Room for the annual 4th of July Pig Roast from 6 to 9 p.m. at 25 Cuna Street in St. Augustine. Tickets are $75 and include all the Pig Roast fixins' plus drinks, seafood and specialty dishes.  www.TasteTapas.com
Fireworks Over The Matanzas - The 4th of July Concert & Fireworks in St. Augustine starts at 6 p.m.with the All Star Orchestra performing in the Plaza de la Constitucion. At 9:30 p.m., one of the largest fireworks displays on the East Coast bursts above the ancient Castillo de San Marcos and reflects in the waters of Matanzas Bay. Admission is free with the best vantage points along the bay front between the Castillo and the Bridge of Lions.  www.FireworksOverTheMatanzas.com
Victory III Fireworks Cruise - See the Fireworks Over The Matanzas aboard the Victory III! Board at the St. Augustine Municipal Marina departing at 8:30 p.m. Tickets are limited and available for advance purchase for $25 per person. 111 Avenida Menendez, St. Augustine. 904-824-1806 ext 210www.scenic-cruise.com
Saturday:Â Â July 5
Old City Farmers' Market - Features locally grown fresh produce, baked goods, plants and more. Located at the St. Augustine Amphitheater. Open 8:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Admission is free. 1340 A1A, St. Augustine. 904-471-3733
GTM Research Reserve Guided Cultural Hike  - The first Saturday of each month at 8:30 a.m. take a Guided Cultural Hike that focuses on the Guana Peninsula's 5,000 years of human history This 1.5 mile guided walking tour departs from the Trailhead Pavilion located just west of the Guana Dam. The programs are free.  There is a $3 parking fee. 505 Guana River Rd., Ponte Vedra Beach 904-823-4500 http://gtmnerr.org
Vilano Beach Sunset Celebration - A celebration of a spectacular sunset across the bay featuring dozens of market vendors, live music, local arts and crafts and more at the Vilano Pier on the Intracoastal Waterway.  Activities are from 3 p.m. – dusk. Admission is free. 260 Vilano Rd., St. Augustine 904-540-0402 www.vilanobeachfl.com
Sunday:Â July 6
Free Community First Night Owl Cinema at the Amphitheatre – The Hunger Games: Catching Fire is the featured film to be shown at 8 p.m. on the big screen at the St. Augustine Amphitheater (gates open at 7 p.m.) The free cinema is presented by Community First Credit Union and the Amphitheater. Admission and parking are free and no tickets are required. A variety of concessions will be available for purchase. 1340 A1A South, St. Augustine 904-209-0367;
www.staugamphitheatre.com
Local Resident Specials
NOTE: St. Johns County residents with a valid ID are always admitted free of charge to the Oldest House, the Lightner Museum, the Ximenez-Fatio House, the Oldest Wooden Schoolhouse, City Walks History Mystery Murder Evening Tour, Journey: 450 Years of the African-American Experience Exhibit, and the Hotel Ponce de Leon Legacy Tours at Flagler College. The daily tours and wine tastings at the San Sebastian Winery are free to everyone. Also, admission is free to everyone at the Fort Matanzas National Monument, St. Photios Chapel, the Pena-Peck House, the Father Miguel O'Reilly Museum and the Mission Nombre de Dios Museum (donations are welcomed). Many other local attractions offer discounted admissions to St. Johns County residents with valid ID.
Poet Plant Press hosts selfie summer contest
Fireworks July 3 at World Golf Village
Joyner To Lead Marketplace Workshop Jan. 20
Superintendent of St. Johns County Schools Dr. Joseph Joyner will be the presenter for the Marketplace CPR Workshop Jan. 20 in the Beaver…


The pottery studio will be opening its doors for a laid-back studio time. Wheel, hand building, slab, and cast. Students have 3 full days to enjoy this creative and relaxing time in out studio. Please bring lunch, snacks are provided.


text:
from our friends at economistpoor.com usa- axios dc reports
It now costs an average of $4.72 to take money out of an ATM that isn't owned by your bank — the highest amount since Bankrate.com started tracking the data in 1998 (when it was $1.97).
Why it matters: ATM fees disproportionately fall on low-income people in neighborhoods that banks tend to avoid. At the same time, saving money in the bank is harder than before, as banks lower the interest rates they pay to depositors.
By the numbers: There are 2 parts to what customers pay to use an "out-of-network" ATM: A surcharge from the machine's owner and a fee that a majority of banks charge for using someone else's machine.
Surcharges by machine owners are now an average of $3.09.
Among the 67.7% of banks with "non-bank ATM fees," the average fee is $1.63.
By the city: Of the 25 metro areas included in the study, Houston has the highest average ATM fee ($5.58), while Los Angeles has the lowest ($4.15).
For banks, "the ATM fee has long been low-hanging fruit in terms of boosting fee income," Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate.com, tells Axios. "Nobody's worried about alienating a non-customer."
Meanwhile, the average yield on a checking account is only .06% — down from 1.35% in 1998 (though the lowest figure was .04% in 2014, per Bankrate.com).
The average overdraft fee is $33.36 — down from the record of $33.38 in 2017, but up from $21.57 in the original survey.
Philadelphia has the highest average overdraft fee ($35.50), while Cincinnati has the lowest ($30.95).
Flashback: The world's first ATM was installed in London by Barclays in 1967.
"The bank was only open until 3:30 p.m.," so getting cash outside business hours was a big deal, recalled Carol Greygoose, an 18-year-old teller at Barclays at the time.
The first ATM in the U.S. was installed at a Chemical Bank branch in Rockville Centre, N.Y., in 1969, 6 weeks after the first moon landing.
There were problems at first: "Because the machines were offline there was no way to check a customer's balance to see if there was enough money to cover a withdrawal," according to Wired.
"To overcome that barrier, there was a $150 daily limit for ATM withdrawals."
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The mock-up for the "Greetings from Williams Field, Arizona" postcard used source materials from photographs, including the man in the first "I" and the planes that fly across the top. The text was hand-lettered. The final product was printed in 1943.
When Katherine Hamilton-Smith walked into the farmhouse in a distant suburb of Chicago in 1982, all it held was one chair and one telephone. She managed to turn it into a triage scene.
For the first five days of her first job out of college, as an intern for the Lake County Discovery Museum in Wauconda, Illinois, Hamilton-Smith oversaw the transfer and preservation of about 2.5 million postcards and related materials. Each item held a different degree of historical significance, none of them were cataloged, and all were lucky to not be buried in a landfill.
Nearly 35 years later, the job is complete: The Curt Teich Postcard Archives has moved again, from Lake County to the Newberry Library, an independent research library in downtown Chicago that plans to preserve and publicize them for decades to come.
Martha Briggs (head of the Newberry's modern manuscripts division) and Alex Teller (director of communications) examine one of the job folders the company created when making its postcards.
This collection of postcards—and the production notes of the staff that created them—are all that remain of Curt Teich and Company, the printing firm that made "Greetings from [wherever]" a vacation motto of Americana. After Teich's business folded in 1978, a chain of events that mixed wisdom, luck, and desperation brought the collection to the museum. Hamilton-Smith spent the first years of her career inside that farmhouse, sorting photographs, memos, and illustrations, then filing them into a searchable database. What arrived in 1982 in truckloads of disheveled "archival triage," as she puts it, left in December 2016 for the Newberry as a cataloged collection.
Library staffers spent weeks blueprinting how they would disperse America's largest postcard compilation into their stacks. Those 2.5 million pieces of postal history were opened to researchers on April 3.
When you look at Curt Teich's most famous innovation (the "Greetings from" postcard), you are looking at an amalgamation of advertising, congressional action, journalism, and business methodology. Schreyer and Hamilton-Smith both say the archives offer a wealth of scholarly value, much of it found in the preparations that preceded the final products.
In 1898 Congress authorized the postcard as we know it today. From then until 1978, Curt Teich printed all kinds of advertising materials at its Chicago plant: maps, brochures, railroad instructions, and more. For its postcards, the company became known for taking a photograph of a tourist destination (or some place that wanted to encourage tourism), then used illustrators to convert the image into a bucolic countryside, jazzy urban center, beckoning beach, or whatever appearance the client intended.
Founder Curt Teich died in 1974, and four years later, his company printed its last products. Hamilton-Smith says that, in the process of cleaning out the plant, his son Curt Jr. took the route of simplicity and started chucking everything. But at the opposite end of the facility, his younger brother Ralph believed that their father's work held historical meaning, and he started stashing everything in bags.
For four years, the heaps of unsold postcards and related materials sought a home. They found one in 1982, when a six-year-old museum in suburban Lake County—flush with empty space and looking for exhibits, Hamilton-Smith says—offered its farmhouse.
The Curt Teich Postcard Archives is a visual record of the 20th century of the United States and how it changed.
It helped that the collection came with a $485,000 grant from the still-operating Teich Foundation, which paid Hamilton-Smith's salary and the expense of cataloging everything Ralph Teich salvaged.
The receiving room in Chicago's Newberry Library is the first stop for the boxes holding the Curt Teich Postcard Archives.
The postcards arrived at the museum farmhouse in five truckloads, one each day. Every morning of Hamilton-Smith's first week, another crash cart brought more survivors to her triage scene.
Hamilton-Smith would come to marvel at what Ralph Teich rescued. Curt Teich's staff documented every step of the process—photo slides of the scenes each postcard depicted, give-and-take memos between artists and marketers about what the image should become, and the hand-painted rendering that would adorn the postcard—into "job envelopes" to keep the progress of the work together.
Schreyer says the collection's 2.5 million items include about 400,000 different final images. Newberry Director of Communications Alex Teller says many of the envelopes told rich stories about the America of the time.
In nearly 35 years at the farmhouse, the exhibit grew by tens of thousands. Postcard enthusiasts around the world heard about the museum outside Chicago with the huge collection and used it as a dignified repository for their own archives. The Lake County Discovery Museum took in prized postcard works by Czech artist Alphonse Mucha and London printer Raphael Tuck.
But the museum was changing its location and tightening its focus, so Hamilton-Smith (who still works for Lake County as director of public affairs and development for the forest preserves) says the combined archives could not make the trip. Schreyer says her group immediately believed the postcards could augment the Newberry's humanities collection—if it could find the space.
The Newberry is a privately funded, noncirculating library; anyone over age 14 can study its contents within one of two reading rooms. When library officials agreed to take custody of the Curt Teich Postcard Archives, Schreyer says her first priority was to find reliable transportation. The movers had to "understand that some things are fragile and need to be carefully wrapped," she says.
The transfer included some 100 filing cabinets each holding Teich's job envelopes, while separate sets of cabinets arrived containing custom-made, shoebox-shaped archival boxes for the postcards. Schreyer says most of the postcards came in clear, plastic protective sleeves and were housed in boxes made of pH-neutral archival board. The filing cabinets are metal (wood gives off gas that can endanger old paper items).
The cabinets were spread around the Newberry's multiple floors of stacks, she says, and pushed against the perimeters of the walkways. The 130-year-old library does not have many open spaces left, but wanted the Teich collection badly enough to stretch it out along its interior halls.
"We were able to use a lot of great space," Schreyer says.
And they plan to reuse the catalog the Lake County staff created as the basis for integrating the collection into their electronic systems. Schreyer says little will change there—just a few more entries, a few new keywords, and a Newberry credit line at the bottom. The library will change the museum's database from a .csv file to, as Schreyer puts it, a "jumbo, jumbo Excel spreadsheet," and will enhance the metadata for each of the records so that the postcards can be searched more easily across collections.
All of this will happen because, much like it did when it arrived at Hamilton-Smith's triage scene, the collection is coming to the Newberry with a $500,000 endowment. The Teich Foundation gave the second half-million-dollar installment to the Lake County Discovery Museum a few years ago as a final gift before dissolving; the museum held it in reserve as an incentive to entice a new steward when the right opportunity arose.
The farmhouse where Hamilton-Smith's career began, and where the Teich postcards resided for nearly 35 years, is empty again. When Hamilton-Smith thinks about the good fortune that brought truckloads of filing cabinets to and through her museum, she smiles.
RONNIE WACHTER is a writer and photographer for the Chicago Tribune.