World wide there are four major products based on silica: precipitated Silica, Silica gel, fumed silica, and colloidal silica. Silica is a versatile inorganic chemical which is used for reinforcement of rubbers and plastics. Thickening and thixotropy of coating and paints, printing inks and cosmetics, anti blocking of plastic foils, free running and free flow of sticky solid and liquid substances, carrier for pesticides, insecticides, high temperature insulation, stabilizing of beer and in silicon rubber as reinforcing filler. It imparts good finish, strength and balances at the required physico-chemical properties of the products.
Precipitated silica is manufactured from Sodium silicate, which is dissolved in water to prepare the required concentration and is then reacted with dilute sulphuric acid of known concentration in presence of coagulating agent.
Precipitated silica is produced by a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution from sodium silicate with a mineral acid or Aluminium sulphate (for sodium aluminium silicate). This reaction takes place in an aqueous solution and the initially formed primary particles of 15-30nm are agglomerated to a loose structure, which finally determines the physical properties of the produced silica. By varying the precipitation conditions a broad variation of products can be produced, with a large number of applications.
After precipitation the precipitated silica is filtered, washed and dried. After a further milling-and an optional granulation step the Grace Davison Precipitated Silica and sodium aluminium silicates are ready for shipment.
Industrial sand and gravel, often called �Silica�, �Silica sand�, and �quartz sand�, includes sands and gravels with high silicon dioxide (SiO2) content. These sands are used in glassmaking, for foundry. Abrasive, and hydraulic fracturing applications; and for many other industrial uses. The specifications for each use vary, but silica resources for most uses are abundant. In almost at cases, silica mining uses open pit or dredging mining methods with standard mining equipments.
Except for temporarily disturbing the immediate area while mining operations are active, sand and gravel mining usually has limited environmental impact. The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, having chemical formula: SiO2.
It is found in nature in several forms, including quartz and opal. In fact, silica has 17 crystalline forms. Also, many forms of life include silica structures, including microorganisms such as diatoms, plants such as horsetail and animals such as hexactinellid sponges.
It is manufactured in several forms including glass (in colorless very high purity form), synthetic amorphous silica and silica gel (Used e.g.as desiccants in brand new clothes and leather goods). Silica is a major ingredient of port land cement. The ceramic re-entry heat protection tiles mounted on the bottom side of the space shuttle are made mostly of silica, as are the fire bricks used in steel processing. Inhaling crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis.
Silica has two main varieties (a) Ground silica and (b) Processed silica. Ground silica is practically sand and is abundant in India and world wide only the percentage of SiO2 varies from source to source. In general these are known as sands and are very cheap and usually used for glass making. It has very minimum use in rubber, however, can be used as heat resistant compound in rubber. It does not show any effect on cure.
Processed silica is again SiO2 but in a purified form. This is obtained only after further processing from ground silica and in such process the percentage of SiO2 is increased considerably (>98%).
� The alkaline silicate solution flows into the acid solution.
� The acid solution flows into the alkaline silicate solution.
� The alkaline silicate solution and acid solution flows jointly into water or primary natural salt solution.
The first process (a) is not suitable for the production of reinforcing silica filler because the silica sols develop in the acidic medium coagulates n gelatinous form. This process, however, preferred for the production of silica gel.
Infact, precipitated silica is produced from the second method (b). The acid flow into the alkaline silicate solution and the pH value is maintained at 11.0. when the alkaline solution is acidified, silica separates out spontaneously and this process results in producing very uniform particle size. The only disadvantage in this process is silica separation takes place in the form of coarse flocculent, resulting viscosity of the suspension rising sharply.
The third process �, is often employed to take care of the disadvantages on the process (b) In other words this process is used to control the pH value of process (b).
Precipitated silica is often used when high reinforcing white or light coloured rubber article is required to be manufactured. Use in white sidewall of tyre is very common and recently with green tyre revolution, as a future tyre for clean environment. Silica based coloured tyre is playing major role in European market. However, use of such tyre is limited because of higher cost of these tyres.
Precipitated silicas are mainly used as a reinforcement agent in rubber and tyre formulations. They are additionally utilized as carriers. Anti-caking or free-flow agents in consmetics and food applications and as abrasive or thickener in toothpaste�s and cosmetics.
In silicone rubber, however, fuming silica has wide application. Use of fuming silica, which is another kind of processing silica has very limited applications because of its higher price and presently, it is mostly tried in silicone based compounds.
Products formulated with one hundred percent use of precipitated silica in Indian Rubber compounding, however, is very rare, unless one attempts a colourful reinforced rubber compound. In India, major use of precipitated silica is with carbon black, replacing a part of it where additional tear resistance and abrasion resistance are important.
Precipitated silica is widely marketed in free flowing powder that improves free flowing properties of the products like salt, detergent, talcum etc. It is also used as anticaking agent that absorbs the moisture and make the detergent light also making it bulk.
Chewing pan is very pleasure mouth freshener used in all over India but many do not know that a wide range of pan masala is actually made with edible precipitated silica.
Compounding with silica is different from carbon black and also difficult. Difficult because it takes comparatively longer time in the mixing mill to have comparable dispersion level and due to its fluffy nature there is tendency of fly loss and there is also chance of pollution in the environment.
Fluffy silica, due to its hydrophilic property, becomes more incompatible with rubber. Silica to silica bond reported to become comparatively higher resulting larger aggregates which causes impending in flow and the mix becomes very stiff. The major incompatibility of silica is due to its inorganic nature, not compatible with elastomers, which are mostly organic in nature.
It is different because silica has much more reactive surface than carbon black. The addition of silica in rubber compound rapidly shows increase in Mooney viscosity. The maximum dose of silica is normally maintained close to 50 phr. In a SBR 1500 compound. With 15 phr of softener and 55 ph or silica may raise Mooney viscosity close to 90 unit ([email protected]). The early addition of silica along with zinc oxide results in lowering in Mooney viscosity and helps in lowering compound modulus.
Compound viscosity and cure rate is dependent on the adsorbed moisture on silica. Moisture in silica behaves like a psudeo-plasticizer and cure activator. The moisture in silica can vary in the humid condition and also in processing condition. Mixing for silica filled compound should be handled with care. Due to higher dump temperature of the compound. If the moisture content of silica goes below 3% adequate dispersion might be difficult to obtain.
Most frequently used accelerator systems are severely deactivated by silica filler due to their higher surface area. As a result, with loading around 15 phr of silica, 1-2 phr of diethyl glycol (DEG) or poly ethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is added to reduce the effect of deactivation. Tri ethanolamine is also used for its activating effect.
A precipitated silica with surface area (BET) of 220 m sq./g may have may have only 150m,. sq/g electron microscopy. Because of this porous nature of silica, it will tend to adsorb accelerators and make less effective than carbon black.
Higher tear strength is a common character with silica. High tear strength also increases with increase in silica surface area. Silica filled compound shows its characteristics of irregular tear rupture, very much different from carbon black filled rupture and this phenomenon is often called as �Knotty tear� in rubber industry. A wide variety of curing systems are used with silica, depending on the polymers used and the properties wanted.
Coupling agents are popularly known as silane coupling agent. Coupling agent acts as bonding agent between rubber and filler.
Precipitated silica is extensively used in various elastomers, close to 70% of its total production. Other 30% use is in non rubber use like toothpaste, glues, pan masala (in India) and other as a carrier for liquid active ingredients.
Those used in rubber applications are eventually having surface area in the lower end of the scale, not more than 190 m sq/g. rubber grade silica contains 10-14% water, as already been specified, with particle size 10-14 nm, helps in better bonding and dispersion in rubber.
Depending on the polymers used and compounding techniques, a wide variation of properties can be obtained using silica, in silica based filler system tensile strength can be increased up to 4200psi, elongation up to 850% hardness can be in between 40-80 shore A.
There is no cure for the disease, but it is 100 percent preventable if employers, workers, and health professionals work together to reduce exposures. The following questions link to resources that provide safety and health information relevant to silica, crystalline.
The health hazards of silica come from breathing in the dust. Activities, which can expose workers or members of the public to the dust, include.
The use of power tools to cut or dress stone will lead to high exposures will often depend upon how confined the working space is, the presence or absence of ventilation and how near the worker�s breathing zone is to the source of the dust. Tunneling through dry. Silica-bearing rock will always lead to high exposures for workers at or near the cutting face.
Use of silica in rubber industry in comparatively safe if internal mixers are used. However, PPE (Personal Protective Equipments) and the use of mask is compulsory for the employees working in the mixing area.
Breathing in the very fine dust of crystalline silica can lead to the development of silicosis. This involves scarring of the lung tissue and can lead to breathing difficulties. Exposure to very high concentrations over a relatively short period of time can cause acute silicosis resulting in rapidly progressive breathlessness and death within a few months of onset. Similarly, accelerated silicosis, which can progress to death within a decade, has been associated with high exposures to silica in sand blasting.
of breath and will find it difficult or impossible to walk even short distances or upstairs.
The effect continues to develop after exposure has stopped and is irreversible. Sufferers usually become bed-bound and often die prematurely due to heart failure. Silica may be linked to lung cancer. If this is the case it is most likely that it occurs as a progression of lung fibrosis. Precautions taken to control the risk of fibrosis will serve to control the risk of lung cancer.
In the advanced countries, silica has been assigned a maximum exposure limit (MEL) of 0.3 mg/m3 expressed as an 8 hour time weighted average (TWA). The means that exposure to respirable crystalline silica should be reduced so far as is reasonably practicable and, in any case, below the MEL.
Activities that may expose workers to silica are subject to the control of substances hazardous to health regulations, which require the health risk to be assessed and then prevented or controlled. In most cases, when it is reasonable to expect dust levels to be significant one should consider the need for atmospheric sampling of respirable dust and respirable silica.
As a general rule, levels greater than 0.1 mg/m3 can be regarded as significant. In cases of doubt it should usually be assumed that levels will be significant unless sampling from very similar work has shown otherwise.
Results of sampling may be needed to find out the control measures that will be appropriate for a particular activity. As well as evaluating the risk and describing the precautions, the assessment should set out in detail the way in which the control measures are to be monitored, supervised and maintained.
These control techniques may not always be appropriate or they might not reduce exposure sufficiently, so respiratory protective equipment (RPE) often has to provide as well. You will need to select RPE very carefully as different types can give widely varying standards of protection. Surveys of respirable dust and respirable silica levels are usually necessary to ensure correct selection.
For the dustiest processes, positive pressure or airline breathing apparatus will probably be necessary. Remember that filtering face piece or half-mask respirators give little or no protection to men with beards and that even a minor growth of stubble can severely reduce the effectiveness of RPE.
Remember that workers need to be properly trained in the use for RPE and that a high standard of supervision, inspection and maintenance will also be needed. Suitable protective clothing should be provided to prevent contamination of worker�s own clothing. Those who need to wear PPE should be trained in its proper use and in its limitations. Store the equipment in clean, dry conditions away from chemicals-a locker would be suitable. PPE should be maintained and kept clean and fit for wear.
Facilities for washing and changing should be available on site and workers should wash their hands before eating, drinking, smoking and going to the toilet. Eating, drinking and smoking should take place away from the work area.
� Non Black filler, samir Majumdar, Rubber News (15-25) August 1999.


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A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar
Yen Hsyang Chu, Shun Peng Shih, Ching Lun Su, Kan Lin Lee, Tzer Horng Lin, Wei Chung Liang
The relationships between the mean Doppler terminal velocities VT of the hydrometeors with different phases and the range-corrected VHF backscatter P from the corresponding precipitation particles are investigated by using the Chung-Li VHF radar. The radar precipitation data employed for the analysis were taken from four independent experiments conducted on different weather conditions. They show that the observed α and β values in the power-law approximation VT = αPβ above the melting layer are generally smaller than those below the layer, while in the bright band the values of β (α) are enormously smaller (greater) than those above and below the bright band. Theoretical analysis shows that the mathematical relationship between α and β can be approximated very well by a simple exponential function, which is in excellent agreement with the observations. A new method for estimating the coefficient A and exponent B in the fall speed-diameter relationship V(D) = ADB with respect to still air on the basis of the theoretical relation between α and β is also proposed. A comparison of the estimations of A and B with those reported in the literature indicates that the former are smaller than the latter. The authors believe that the difference in the two is due to the different types of the clouds producing the precipitation. In addition, it is found that the value of A is proportional to the height of the 0°C isotherm, implying that the air temperature plays a role in establishing the relationship between the fall speed and the diameter of the hydrometeors.
Journal of Applied Meteorology
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
Dive into the research topics of 'A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
backscatter Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
radar Earth & Environmental Sciences 77%
speed Earth & Environmental Sciences 67%
particle Earth & Environmental Sciences 51%
weather condition Earth & Environmental Sciences 49%
power law Earth & Environmental Sciences 49%
isotherm Earth & Environmental Sciences 44%
air temperature Earth & Environmental Sciences 41%
Chu, Y. H., Shih, S. P., Su, C. L., Lee, K. L., Lin, T. H., & Liang, W. C. (1999). A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38(12), 1720-1729. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
Chu, Yen Hsyang ; Shih, Shun Peng ; Su, Ching Lun ; Lee, Kan Lin ; Lin, Tzer Horng ; Liang, Wei Chung. / A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar. In: Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1999 ; Vol. 38, No. 12. pp. 1720-1729.
@article{595ccc1810c3454292c54606b1a9a2ef,
title = "A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar",
abstract = "The relationships between the mean Doppler terminal velocities VT of the hydrometeors with different phases and the range-corrected VHF backscatter P from the corresponding precipitation particles are investigated by using the Chung-Li VHF radar. The radar precipitation data employed for the analysis were taken from four independent experiments conducted on different weather conditions. They show that the observed α and β values in the power-law approximation VT = αPβ above the melting layer are generally smaller than those below the layer, while in the bright band the values of β (α) are enormously smaller (greater) than those above and below the bright band. Theoretical analysis shows that the mathematical relationship between α and β can be approximated very well by a simple exponential function, which is in excellent agreement with the observations. A new method for estimating the coefficient A and exponent B in the fall speed-diameter relationship V(D) = ADB with respect to still air on the basis of the theoretical relation between α and β is also proposed. A comparison of the estimations of A and B with those reported in the literature indicates that the former are smaller than the latter. The authors believe that the difference in the two is due to the different types of the clouds producing the precipitation. In addition, it is found that the value of A is proportional to the height of the 0°C isotherm, implying that the air temperature plays a role in establishing the relationship between the fall speed and the diameter of the hydrometeors.",
author = "Chu, {Yen Hsyang} and Shih, {Shun Peng} and Su, {Ching Lun} and Lee, {Kan Lin} and Lin, {Tzer Horng} and Liang, {Wei Chung}",
doi = "10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2",
journal = "Journal of Applied Meteorology",
Chu, YH, Shih, SP, Su, CL, Lee, KL, Lin, TH & Liang, WC 1999, 'A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar', Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1720-1729. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar. / Chu, Yen Hsyang; Shih, Shun Peng; Su, Ching Lun; Lee, Kan Lin; Lin, Tzer Horng; Liang, Wei Chung.
In: Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 38, No. 12, 12.1999, p. 1720-1729.
T1 - A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar
AU - Shih, Shun Peng
AU - Su, Ching Lun
AU - Lee, Kan Lin
AU - Lin, Tzer Horng
AU - Liang, Wei Chung
N2 - The relationships between the mean Doppler terminal velocities VT of the hydrometeors with different phases and the range-corrected VHF backscatter P from the corresponding precipitation particles are investigated by using the Chung-Li VHF radar. The radar precipitation data employed for the analysis were taken from four independent experiments conducted on different weather conditions. They show that the observed α and β values in the power-law approximation VT = αPβ above the melting layer are generally smaller than those below the layer, while in the bright band the values of β (α) are enormously smaller (greater) than those above and below the bright band. Theoretical analysis shows that the mathematical relationship between α and β can be approximated very well by a simple exponential function, which is in excellent agreement with the observations. A new method for estimating the coefficient A and exponent B in the fall speed-diameter relationship V(D) = ADB with respect to still air on the basis of the theoretical relation between α and β is also proposed. A comparison of the estimations of A and B with those reported in the literature indicates that the former are smaller than the latter. The authors believe that the difference in the two is due to the different types of the clouds producing the precipitation. In addition, it is found that the value of A is proportional to the height of the 0°C isotherm, implying that the air temperature plays a role in establishing the relationship between the fall speed and the diameter of the hydrometeors.
AB - The relationships between the mean Doppler terminal velocities VT of the hydrometeors with different phases and the range-corrected VHF backscatter P from the corresponding precipitation particles are investigated by using the Chung-Li VHF radar. The radar precipitation data employed for the analysis were taken from four independent experiments conducted on different weather conditions. They show that the observed α and β values in the power-law approximation VT = αPβ above the melting layer are generally smaller than those below the layer, while in the bright band the values of β (α) are enormously smaller (greater) than those above and below the bright band. Theoretical analysis shows that the mathematical relationship between α and β can be approximated very well by a simple exponential function, which is in excellent agreement with the observations. A new method for estimating the coefficient A and exponent B in the fall speed-diameter relationship V(D) = ADB with respect to still air on the basis of the theoretical relation between α and β is also proposed. A comparison of the estimations of A and B with those reported in the literature indicates that the former are smaller than the latter. The authors believe that the difference in the two is due to the different types of the clouds producing the precipitation. In addition, it is found that the value of A is proportional to the height of the 0°C isotherm, implying that the air temperature plays a role in establishing the relationship between the fall speed and the diameter of the hydrometeors.
U2 - 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
DO - 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2
JO - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Chu YH, Shih SP, Su CL, Lee KL, Lin TH, Liang WC. A study on the relation between terminal velocity and VHF backscatter from precipitation particles using the Chung-Li VHF radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1999 Dec;38(12):1720-1729. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1720:ASOTRB>2.0.CO;2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FDA issues guidance on pre-market approval applications
Four different types of action by the FDA can affect the agency's review time for pre-market approval applications (PMA).
All four actions stop the review clock, or the period of time allowed for FDA review. In recently updated guidance, FDA and Industry Actions on Premarket Approval Applications (PMAs): Effect on FDA Review Clock and Goals, the FDA explained what the actions are and what is needed to resolve problems and restart the review. The actions include:
Approvable orders, which require the applicant to resolve deficiencies in a PMA.
Major deficiency letters, which require the applicant to supply significant information that is missing from the application.
Not approvable letters, for items the FDA believes cannot be approved, which keep the application on hold while the applicant is given the opportunity to respond. The agency generally issues these only after sending a major deficiency letter and giving the applicant a chance to respond.
Denial letters, which the agency issues when the review is complete.
The guidance also discusses the review cycle and performance goals the FDA has for processing both expedited and non-expedited PMAs and supplements. Finally, the guidance addresses the various actions applicants can take after submitting an application, including:
Making unsolicited major amendments that introduce substantial new data
Making solicited major amendments in response to an FDA request in a deficiency letter or not approvable letter
Clarifying already submitted data with minor amendments
Withdrawing the application
Click here and listen to webinar
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Posted by abhishekkatiyar
FDA Rule and Companion Guidance Make Early Stage Clinical Drug Development Safe and Efficient
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today issued a final regulation that makes early phase 1 clinical drug development safe and efficient by enabling a phased approach to complying with current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) statutes and FDA investigational requirements.
To facilitate this new approach, the regulation exempts most phase 1 investigational drugs from the requirements in 21 CFR part 211 — FDA will continue to exercise oversight of the manufacture of these drugs under FDA's general statutory CGMP authority and through review of investigational new drug (IND) applications.
A companion guidance recommends an approach for complying with CGMP statutory requirements such as standards for the manufacturing facility and equipment, the control of components, as well as testing, stability, packaging, labeling, distribution, and recordkeeping.
"With this action, we are tailoring the CGMP requirements to make them appropriate to the earliest stages of drug development. This approach will ensure that these investigational products can be developed as efficiently as possible with the highest level of patient protection," said U.S. Health and Human Services Deputy Secretary Tevi Troy.
When FDA originally issued CGMP regulations for drug and biological products (21 CFR parts 210 and 211), the agency stated that the regulations applied to all types of pharmaceutical production, but explained in the preamble to the regulations that FDA was considering proposing regulations more appropriate for the manufacture of drugs used in investigational clinical trials. The reason for this is that certain requirements in part 211 are directed at the commercial manufacture of products — such as repackaging and relabeling of drug products, rotation of stock, and maintaining separate facilities for manufacturing and packaging. These types of requirements may be inappropriate to the manufacture of investigational drugs used in phase 1 clinical trials, many of which are carried out in small-scale, academic environments, typically involving fewer than 80 subjects.
"The new rule and guidance are intended to assure that manufacturers meet high standards for the safety of phase 1 drugs and biologics while removing unnecessary barriers that can slow the development of these potentially life-saving products," said Rachel Behrman, M.D., associate commissioner for clinical programs and director of FDA's Office of Critical Path Programs.
The guidance, CGMP for Phase 1 Investigational Drugs, describes an approach manufacturers can use to implement manufacturing controls that are appropriate for the phase 1 clinical trial stage of development. The approach described in this guidance reflects the fact that some manufacturing controls and the extent of manufacturing controls needed to achieve appropriate product quality differ among the various phases of clinical trials.
Manufacturers will continue to submit detailed information about relevant aspects of the manufacturing process as part of the IND application. The FDA may inspect the manufacturing operation, suspend a clinical trial by placing it on "clinical hold," or terminate the IND if there is evidence of inadequate quality control procedures that would compromise the safety of an investigational product.
To find the Guidance for Industry, CGMP for Phase 1, Investigational Drugs, visit: http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/GMP%20Phase1IND61608.pdf
To find Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Investigational New Drugs Intended for Use in Clinical Trials/Final rule: http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/oc07114.pdf
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First arrest in Ahmedabad blasts case
An activist of the banned militant outfit — Ahle Hadeez — was today (July 27) arrested in connection with the serial blasts in Ahmedabad, which was on the edge with a live bomb in the city being defused and another three found in Surat city as the death toll rose to 49. The arrested activist, identified as Abdul Halim and wanted in connection with 2002 post-Godhra riots, was picked up by the police from the communally sensitive Dani Limda area in the walled city. Meanwhile, in New Delhi, Home Minister Shivraj Patil chaired a high-level meeting to review the situation in the country and assured all possible help to the Gujarat government.
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Ahmedabad after Bangalore: Glaring lapses
An audacious attack in Ahmedabad, barely a day after serial blasts in India's IT capital Bangalore, leads us to several obvious questions.
Is India now a sitting duck for terrorists? What is causing these men to attack India at will and get away with it?
Also, what about the role of intelligence agencies and the network formed to be in the know of any such attacks?
How could Ahmedabad be targeted hours after Bangalore?
What lessons have we learnt from similar attacks in the past and why have there been no conclusive breakthroughs?
There are more questions than answers.
Let us take a look at the first intelligence lapse that occurred. The Gujarat blasts took place within hours of nationwide alert after Bangalore blasts.
How could 16 bomb blasts take place in Ahmedabad when the entire country was on high alert?
In Ahmedabad, most bombs were placed on cycles and went off within a short time span like in Bangalore, Jaipur, Uttar Pradesh and Malegaon.
The second lapse was that the groups of serial bombers could not be traced.
It takes several people to carry out a serial blast, so how come they can't be traced? And even those who provide them logistical support like houses, phones and transport could not be traced.
Modi and Gujarat are prime targets of the terror since the 2002 riots. How could intelligence agencies not even get a whiff of such an elaborate network? This was the third lapse on the part of the intelligence.
For the last three years, terrorists have been making minimal use of telecommunication devices before and after each strike, making it difficult for security agencies to track them.
Had there been a strong human intelligence network or local policing, things would have been easier. And this constitutes the fourth lapse.
And People like A S Dullat, former secretary of RAW and director of Intelligence Bureau, who have spent their entire life tracking terror, feel something is definitely wrong.
"It is very evident that there is an intelligence failure. I think there is a need to do a threat assessment of metros. For instance, leaders and state governments should take terror more seriously and not just depend on what is given to them," said Dullat.
Under pressure, this is exactly what the Centre intends to do. Home Minister Shivraj Patil will meet chief ministers of all states, hoping to push through police modernisation and reforms. The Intelligence Bureau too will be upgraded.
Police reforms would in no doubt help but the big question is whether states would agree and more importantly how long will it take?
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Map - Praia
World > Africa > Cape Verde > Praia > Praia
Praia (, lit. "beach", in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole), is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde, an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean west of Senegal. It lies on the southern coast of Santiago island in the Sotavento Islands group. It is the island's ferry port and is home to one of the nation's four international airports. The city centre is known as Plateau due to its location on a small plateau.
Praia is a centre of commerce, government and education, and a port that ships coffee, sugar cane, and tropical fruits. It is the seat of the Praia municipality.
Latitude / Longitude : 14° 55' 53" N / 23° 30' 45" W	| Time zone : UTC+-1	| Currency : CVE	| Telephone : 238
Map-Praia
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Country - Cape Verde
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde, ), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as "the Islands of the Blessed" or the "Fortunate Isles". Located 570 km west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4000 km2.
The Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, establishing the first European settlement in the tropics. Ideally located for the Atlantic slave trade, the islands grew prosperous throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. The end of slavery in the 19th century led to economic decline and emigration. Cape Verde gradually recovered as an important commercial center and stopover for shipping routes. Incorporated as an overseas department of Portugal in 1951, the islands continued to campaign for independence, which was peacefully achieved in 1975.
Map - Cape Verde
Currency / Language
CVE Cape Verde escudo	 Esc or $ 2
PT Portuguese language
Map-Cape Verde
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Satellite_image_of_C...
Cabo_Verde_regions_m...
Praia (English) Praia (Italiano) Praia (Nederlands) Praia (Français) Praia (Deutsch) Praia (Português) Прая (Русский) Praia (Español) Praia (Polski) 培亞 (中文) Praia (Svenska) Praia (Română) プライア (日本語) Прая (Українська) Прая (Български) 프라이아 (한국어) Praia (Suomi) Praia (Bahasa Indonesia) Praja (Lietuvių) Praia (Dansk) Praia (Česky) Praia (Türkçe) Праја (Српски / Srpski) Praia (Eesti) Praia (Slovenčina) Praia (Magyar) Praia (Hrvatski) ไปรอา (ไทย) Praia (Slovenščina) Praja (Latviešu) Πράια (Ελληνικά) Praia (Tiếng Việt)


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Trübwasser ist der deutsche Name folgender Orte in Tschechien:
 Kalná Voda, Ortsteil von Trutnov
 Kalivody, Gemeinde

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Google Play in-app purchase app icon not shown I'm currently finishing an Android app and have just realized that the in-app purchase dialog does not show the app's icon. For reference, we are using Flutter v2 with the flutter_launcher_icons packages.

Is there a way to specify an icon per subscription or is this maybe related to the fact that the app is not yet approved?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ovation Development is a Las Vegas based Real Estate Development Company is searching for a highly motivated, energetic, self‐starter who will take initiative to keep the construction process on time, on budget, and finished to the high standards Ovation holds as an Owner. We are looking to invest time and energy in mentoring and building strong employees for our team and to create a company where people want to make a career.
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Discussion in 'Amps and Cabs [BG]' started by geoffzilla, Nov 29, 2001.
I checked them out, but they didn't seem to fit what I was looking for. I had it down to those three, and then narrowed it to the two on my list. I thought if I was going to get as involved as the sadowsky and raven, I wanted a DI out. Have you played any of the units? If so, what do you think?
Not the headphone amps, no. I was speaking from experience with other Raven Labs units (MDB-1) and also from things I've heard from other players who have used the headphone amp. I can't say one is better than the other, but I just know the quality of the Raven Labs stuff should make it a contender in any apples/apples comparison. I'm pretty sold on the company as a whole.
Then again, if you've checked them out and see that their features aren't what you need, you've already done what I'd advise....to give them a look-see.
Alright boys and girls, I am revising my question in hopes for some sort of response. Has anyone used either of these units at all? Has anyone held one in their hands? Has anyone seen one from a distance? ANYTHING?!?!
It's like asking, do you prefer lobster tail or filet mignon? Both are great albeit the differences between the two preamps are a lot more subtle than the two foods.
Your best bed is to order both from the same store and tell them you will keep one but return the other for a refund. After a few days return the one you like the least. I do that with pedals sometimes and the people don't mind: they know they are making a sale and I pay shipping both ways.


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Samsung Galaxy Watch Active, Galaxy Fit, Fit E and Galaxy Buds unveiled
By: The Mobile Indian network, New Delhi	Last updated : February 21, 2019 11:13 am
Infinix S5 Pro with pop-up selfie camera to launch soon in India
Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Idea and Tata Teleservices approach SC, seeks time to pay AGR dues
Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G, Snapdragon 662 and Snapdragon 460 mobile platforms launched in India
Huawei releases its EMUI 10 rollout schedule, to start this month
The Samsung Galaxy Watch Active comes with a price tag of $199.99 (approx. Rs 14,300) and it will be available in Silver, Black, Rose Gold and Sea Green colour options.
Samsung has officially unveiled its new Galaxy Watch Active, Galaxy Fit, Galaxy Fit E and Galaxy Buds wireless earbuds at the Galaxy Unpacked 2019 event. The company has also introduced the Galaxy S10 lineup and the much-awaited Galaxy Fold smartphone.
The Samsung Galaxy Watch Active comes with a price tag of $199.99 (approx. Rs 14,300) and it will be available in Silver, Black, Rose Gold and Sea Green colour options. The Galaxy Fit will be priced at $99 (approx. Rs 7,000), while there is no information about the pricing and availability of the Galaxy Fit E. The Samsung Galaxy Buds comes with a price tag of $129, which roughly translate to Rs 9,300 and it will be available in Black, White and Yellow colour options. Samsung is yet to announce the availability of the latest wearables for the Indian market.
Samsung Galaxy Watch Active is the company's first wearable that comes loaded with blood pressure monitoring. Users can check the blood pressure by downloading My BP Lab, which is jointly developed with the University of California, San Francisco. However, it will be available for five markets including the US, Canada, Singapore, Australia, and Germany. It also comes with stress tracker that helps to keep stress levels in check and provide with some breathing exercises from the stress widget.
The Galaxy Watch Active automatically detects when a user is running, riding a bike, rowing, using the elliptical trainer or starting a dynamic workout. Users can manually engage in more than 39 activities, set daily goals and monitor progress. The watch also comes with Bixby's voice capabilities, which enable users to make calls or send messages without using the smartphone.
Coming to the specifications, the Galaxy Watch Active features a 1.1-inch AMOLED, Full Color Always On display with a screen resolution of 360 x 360 pixels. The display is protected with Corning Gorilla Glass 3 protection. The smartwatch runs on Exynos 9910 dual-core processor clocked at 1.15GHz along with 768MB of RAM and 4GB of internal storage. It runs on Tizen-based Wearable OS 4.0. The smartwatch comes with 5ATM along with IP68 certification. It also features MIL-STD-810G military-grade certification as well. The smartwatch is compatible with both Android and iOS.
Samsung Galaxy Fit and Fit E
Samsung Galaxy Fit and Fit E are the new fitness trackers from Samsung. Both the devices track different activities like run, walk, bike, row, hop on the elliptical trainer or general dynamic workout. Users can select more than 90 different activities in the Samsung Health app and the trackers will automatically start recording the chosen workout. The fitness trackers also come with sleep analysis and smart stress management.
Coming to the specifications, the Galaxy Fit features a 0.96-inch Full Color AMOLED display with 120 x 240 pixels and 282ppi pixel density, while the Galaxy Fit E is equipped with 0.74-inch PMOLED display with 64 x 128 pixels and 193 ppi pixel density.
The Gear Fit is powered by a MCU Cortex M33F 96MHz + M0 16 MHz processor, while the Fit E features MCU Cortex M0 96 MHz chipset. Both the wearables come with Realtime OS. The Galaxy Gear Fit is equipped with 512KB internal, 2048KB external RAM and 32MB storage, while the Gear Fit E features a 128KB internal RAM and 4MB external ROM.
Samsung has also introduced the truly wireless earbuds during the launch event with Galaxy Buds. The successor of Gear IconX (2018) comes loaded with a host of interesting features. To begin with, the earbuds come with adaptive dual microphone technology, which features one inner microphone and one outer microphone in each earbud. This helps to deliver the voice clearly in both loud and quiet environments. The Earbuds delivers premium sound quality, which is tuned with AKG and features 5.8pi dynamic driver.
The Galaxy Buds also features Enhance Ambient Sound that allows users to hear to their surroundings clearly even while the buds are in the ears. The earbuds come integrated with Bixby and one can use the voice commands to make calls, send text messages or check the battery life of the earbuds.
Galaxy Buds gives up to six hours of Bluetooth streaming, and up to five hours of calls. With the compact case, one can charge the buds for up to seven hours,4 and it also gives 1.7 hours of battery life on a 15-minute quick charge. The earbuds feature a 58mAh battery, while the charging case has 252mAh battery.
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Latest News from Samsung
Tags: Samsung Galaxy Watch Active Samsung Galaxy Fit Samsung Galaxy Fit E Samsung Galaxy Buds Samsung wearables Samsung


Whether it's going to the Eiffel Tower, going on a hike, or dining in a romantic restaurant, Las Vegas has no shortage of unique and memorable ways to impress your love this Valentine's Day. With so many options for spending Valentine's Day in Vegas, it's almost impossible to go wrong. To help narrow down your options, we've compiled a list of our favorite Las Vegas date ideas to make this Valentine's Day the best yet.
Find the best Vegas Valentine's Day attractions, restaurants, and activities to enjoy below!
Las Vegas is filled with museums and galleries, perfect for any picture-perfect Valentine's Day date. Make your date a work of art and visit Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art, currently displaying the work of Yayoi Kusama and her famous Infinity Mirrored Room. Or, learn about the history of Vegas together at the Mob Museum and Neon Museum and Boneyard.
Getting dressed to the nines and hitting the club is so Vegas, which is why it's the perfect Las Vegas date night for Valentine's Day. You know any DJ and special guest playing on Valentine's Day and Valentine's Day Weekend is going to pull out all the stops to make sure you and your love have an incredible time. Look to see who is playing around then so you can make your moves.
And we don't just mean your average bouquet. Instead, plan a Valentine's Day in Las Vegas that includes appreciating the beauty of the serene gardens around the city. Of course, one of the most famous stops is the Bellagio Conservatory and Botanical Garden, but we also recommend a visit to Springs Preserve and Cactus Gardens to help grow your love.
Paris, Venice, New York, Tahiti, you name it! Spending Valentine's Day in Vegas means spending the most romantic day of the year all around the world. The Eiffel Tower Restaurant is rated one of the most romantic restaurants in Las Vegas, and nothing quite beats a gondola ride through the canals of Venice. This is an out-of-this-world date designed to impress.
No, not like that. If your sweetheart loves animals just as much as they love you, take them on a Las Vegas safari for Valentine's Day. You'd be surprised to hear just how many animal exhibits exist around the city. Sharks, flamingos, big cats, llamas, and more are sure to make any animal lover fall wildly in love on a truly unique Valentine's Day in Vegas.
Love is an adventure, so why shouldn't your date be? Las Vegas is an amazing city, but the surrounding area is just as stunning. Heat it up with a hike in the Valley of Fire, or keep things rosy on a trail through Red Rock Canyon. If you want to step it up a notch, a helicopter ride over the Grand Canyon would be a grand gesture to impress your Valentine.
If the way to someone's heart is their stomach, then Vegas has you covered. With an impressive number of famous chefs and award-winning restaurants and bars, your Las Vegas date night is sure to be delicious. Some of the most romantic restaurants in Las Vegas include the Barrymore, Hugo's Cellar, and Andiamo Steakhouse.
Want to get your adrenaline going with your Valentine is Vegas? Schedule a Valentine's Day that incorporates some of the many attractions for thrill seekers, such as the SlotZilla Zipline through Downtown Las Vegas, the Canyon Blaster within the Adventuredome, and the Big Shot atop the Stratosphere. Get your heart racing.
Is there anything more romantic than a couple's massage? Have a stress-free Valentine's Day in Vegas by planning the ultimate day of relaxation. Once the appointments are booked, all you need to do is sit back and enjoy the moment. The only muscle you'll need to focus on after a day at a luxury spa in Las Vegas is your heart.
Okay, this one may be on the more extreme ways to spend Valentine's Day in Las Vegas, but it would truly be the ultimate date to remember. Las Vegas weddings are famous for being fun, quirky, quick, and officiated by Elvis. If you decide that this year is the one to take the plunge and exchange vows, there are plenty of Las Vegas wedding chapels to choose from.
Valentine's Day in Vegas is quickly approaching, so make sure you make any necessary plans as soon as possible, including booking a hotel room for a private space to be with your sweetheart away from the crowds. Luckily, Las Vegas is a wonderful city on its own, with or without plans. Just as long as you have your sweetheart by your side, your Valentine's Day will be one to remember.


P2P Infringer Identified Beyond Mere IP Address — Jordan Greenberger, Esq.
In this copyright infringement case filed in the US District Court District of Nevada, the defendants were identified -- beyond their mere IP address -- for alleged unauthorized distribution of 728 sound recordings over a P2P network in September 2005. Notably, the complaint (Exhibit A) only lists one sound-recording per plaintiff (record label), with the corresponding "SR #" (i.e., copyright registration), instead of each of the alleged 728 infringements.
Two things are of interest to OTCS. First, the complaint explains to the court in two paragraphs the technology behind P2P and IP addresses. Second, why the 2+ year delay in filing suit? Were the parties negotiating, or were they just asleep at the wheel?
Here is a nearly identical complaint, filed in the District of Massachusetts, for the alleged infringement of 300+ sound recordings in November 2005 over the Kazaa P2P network. Again, the plaintiffs (record labels) spend a mere two paragraphs on P2P/IP addresses, waited 2+ years to file suit (who uses Kazaa anymore?), and only listed 5 sound recordings (Exhibit A, with corresponding copyright registrations) instead of each of the alleged 300+ infringements.


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$100 Million in Grants Announced for American Indians
and Alaska Natives
(Washington, D.C.) The National Rural Health Association (NRHA) is pleased by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Secretary Tommy G.Thompson's announcement of $100 million in grants to support programs to prevent and treat diabetes among American Indians and Alaska Natives.
The grants will be funded through HHS' Indian Health Service (IHS) and will go to 318 tribal, urban Indian, Indian organizations and IHS health programs, with a special focus on children and teenagers. Along with prevention and treatment programs, efforts will be made to reduce
cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes.
"It is extremely important to have these programs, as cardiovascular disease is the number one killer among American Indians and Alaska Natives, and diabetes is directly linked to a large number of these tragic deaths," executive director Steve Wilhide said. "By taking a proactive approach through preventative measures, HHS is helping to ensure these populations
have healthier communities, and the NRHA commends their efforts."
Most of the grant-supported programs are aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes among Indian youth ? an area of particular concern for both tribes and rural health providers. Programs will include obesity screening, weight-management programs and school-based physical activity programs. Adult programs will include nutritional counseling, diabetes education and
outreach activities, and community walking programs.
"The variety of the programs is really impressive," Wilhide said. "We hope these measures will help create a safety net and increase awareness to the need for a life-long commitment to healthier lifestyles. By making diabetes prevention and treatment a community effort, the possibility of individual success is greatly increased.
Approximately 17 million Americans are living with diabetes today, and nearly 16 million of these cases are type 2. At least 16 million Americans have pre-diabetes, which raises their risk of getting type 2.
The grants are part of IHS' Special Diabetes Program for Indians, which was created by Congress in 1998 to address the growing numbers of diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives.
The NRHA is a national nonprofit membership organization that provides leadership on rural health issues. The association's mission is to improve the health of rural Americans and to provide leadership on rural health issues through advocacy, communications, education and research.
The NRHA membership is made up of a diverse collection of individuals and organizations.
National Rural Health Association


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little house on the prairie black
was - £729.00 | 18% OFF. Ketty Lester (b. August 16, 1934) is an Arkansas born singer and actress, who played Hester-Sue Terhune on Little House on the Prairie, appearing in a total of 40 episodes on the series, beginning with the Season 5 two-part episode story "Blind Journey (Part 1)" and "Blind Journey (Part 2)" (episodes #12 and #13). Use the HTML below. A Little House on the Prairie reboot seems like a smart move for all involved. Was this review helpful to you? Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items Based on the real-life adventures of Laura Ingalls Wilder, Little House on the Prairie is the third book in the award-winning Little House series, which has captivated generations of readers. As well as an anime and many spin-off books, there are cookbooks and various other licensed products representative of … And when Charles has to force a man to let the doctor treat his wife, the new doctor decides that Walnut Grove isn't ready for the likes of them.Harriet does her repeat of Hester Sue. Laura also wrote Farmer Boy about her husband's childhood, and three more books were published posthumously. 3:02. However, like the books, that series hasn't aged well. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Laura also wrote Farmer Boy about her husband's childhood, and three more books were published posthumously. The Wisdom of Solomon Title: The following is a list of episodes for the television show Little House on the Prairie, an American Western drama about a family living on a farm in Walnut Grove, Minnesota from the 1870s to the 1890s.The show is a full-colour version of Laura Ingalls Wilder's series of Little House books. The Ingalls family. With Michael Landon, Karen Grassle, Melissa Gilbert, Rachel Lindsay Greenbush. The Little House on the Prairie television series ran for 9 seasons from 1974-1983. Little House On The Prairie is the latest TV series to get a big screen reboot. View production, box office, & company info. Add the first question. KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) - A reboot of the classic family drama "Little House on the Prairie" is reportedly in the works, according to multiple sources. The Ingalls family are among the few to accept Dr. LeDoux, while others' reactions range from prejudice to outright racism. The life and adventures of the Ingalls … This is one of those episodes that make you stop and think "What would I do?" View production, box office, & company info, My Movies & TV Shows, Part VIII: 1970-1979. Little House on the Prairie. Find the perfect little house on the prairie black & white image. Then, a pregnant white woman is suffering from complications and must rely on LeDoux to save her life, but the woman's racist husband refuses to cooperate and Charles must intervene. Written by Her family moved around, travelling from Missouri to Kansas, Minnesota and back to Wisconsin. Little House on the Prairie S01 E00 (Pilot M.) Little House on the Prairie - Part 01. Doctor Ledoux intent was to share a practice with Doctor. £6.99. (07 Mar 1977). The Ingalls family are among the few to accept Dr. LeDoux, while others' reactions range from prejudice to outright racism. The surgery is a success and both woman and her baby son are fine; Dr. Baker is stunned and realizes he must deal with his own prejudice ... by going all out to convince Dr. LeDoux to stay when he threatens to leave the community. little house on the prairie # art & design # absurdnoise # little house on the prairie # lhotp # 70s tv Solomon couldn't accept the fact and decided to run away and get the life he wanted. Created by Blanche Hanalis. ... 64 GB Mobile Smart Phone Black - Currys. This is a pretty sad story about the truth of black people back in the 1800's. Use the HTML below. Title: For many American students, it was practically required read one or two of the books in the Little House series written by Laura Ingalls Wilder.Published from 1932 to 1943, according to Politico, the series included entries like Little House on the Prairie.That title was borrowed for the immensely successful 1970s television series starring Michael Landon as Charles "Pa" Ingalls. (29) 29 product ratings - Little House On The Prairie - Series 1 (DVD, 2005, 6-Disc Set) £15.00. Add the first question. Big Sky Ranch - 4927 Bennett Road, Simi Valley, California, USA. Dr. Baker hires a doctor to help him out, but he doesn't know that the doctor is black. Charles is able to get the truth from Solomon: He is tired of everyone treating him "different" because he is black (they called him "negro" amd that term is not polite now). Buy Little House on the Prairie (1974 TV series) DVDs and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. £599.00. Little House on the Prairie reboot news. No need to register, buy now! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. I know this because a few weeks ago I stepped out my door and was filled with a quiet fear. In real life, that's the way it happens. As a massively successful TV show in the 70s and 80s, Little House On The Prairie was aimed at all the family yet its original source material was much darker than what appeared on screen Remember when she thought Hester Sue was french and she went to meet the train? The mega-popular book series was famously made into an equally popular TV series by NBC which aired from 1974-1983. With Michael Landon, Karen Grassle, Melissa Gilbert, Melissa Sue Anderson. Dr. Baker is enthusiastic about his new assistant, a young university-trained physician named Caleb LeDoux ... until he realizes he is black. Little House in the Big Woods was first published in 1932, Little House on the Prairie in 1935, and five more books in the Little House series followed. Little House in the Big Woods was first published in 1932, Little House on the Prairie in 1935, and five more books in the Little House series followed. Dark Sage The much-loved iconic show based on the best-selling children's books by … Is Little House on the Prairie truly racist? Directed by William F. Claxton. He learned to read and white, but he also learned that he could not be a doctor or someone of importance. Laura Ingalls Wilder's plot based on her real-life story of growing up, amidst the struggles of the Midwest in the late 19th century, have touched generations of readers and viewers all around the world. 49:26. Little House On The Prairie S03E11 Blizzard. Directed by Maury Dexter. This edition features the classic black-and-white artwork from Garth Williams. Was this review helpful to you? 22 of 22 people found this review helpful. This quilting book is inspired by similar fabrications, patchwork techniques, and color schemes and includes 12 beautiful bed-sized quilts any prairie family would have cherished in their home. Unfortunately, what he learned was reality. The place his family told him was for him - the farm - was the only place he could be.Sometimes these shows ended well, but this one didn't end with some magical solution to the problem. Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. The Little House books have been adapted for stage or screen more than once, most successfully as the American television series Little House on the Prairie, which ran from 1974 to 1983. He fails to show up to introduce them to the church and lies about where he is. From history we know that even fifty years ago things were still pretty intense in some places (like my home state of Arkansas), yet when we watch this the treatment of blacks even AFTER slavery was outlaws seems so harsh.Solomon is a young boy stuck in the harsh reality of a world that that was accepting blacks could not be slaves, but they weren't free to do whatever they wanted. SWEETZ. Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 – February 10, 1957) was an American writer known for the ... Black Friday Nintendo Switch deals might not get better than this. Click & Collect. Dr. Baker is enthusiastic about his new assistant, a young university-trained physician named Caleb LeDoux ... until he realizes he is black. Big Sky Ranch - 4927 Bennett Road, Simi Valley, California, USA. Apparently she didn't learn her lesson then...I think it's nice that Michael Landon and the gang let a citizen who we would never suspect to play such a role. Illustration by Garth Williams. Dr. Baker continues to take all the calls. This middle grade novel is an excellent choice for tween readers in grades 5 to 6, especially during homeschooling. And the reason why is that the basic premise of the stories do, in fact, tend to demonize indigenous Native Americans. This FAQ is empty. Searching for Charles Ingalls best dad Little house on the prairie Tank Top deals, bargains, sales on Bargain Bro UK £3.60 postage. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Todd Bridges in Little House on the Prairie (1974-1983) Screenshot: YouTube In "things our grandmas watched, thus made us watch too" news, Little House on the Prairie (which originally aired from 1974-1983) was trending on Twitter and one specific actor was … Doctor Caleb Ledoux was introduced to Walnut Grove with much prejudice, beginning with Doctor Baker himself, followed shortly thereafter with Harriet Oleson. This January, put your resolutions on hold and dive into some great streaming picks. He went to school for a time under the care of Charles Ingalls. Brian Rathjen . Laura watches as the little prairie gophers stick their heads back out of their holes and look around the burned, black prairie. The Ingalls family are among the few to accept ... 6 of 7 people found this review helpful. #little house on the prairie # brat # cause # because # little house on the prairie # because i said so brat # cause # because # little house on the prairie # because i said so. Nintendo Switch Black … ... Little House on the Prairie Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community. This FAQ is empty. Without even realizing it, he treats him differently. My life is Little House on the Prairie now, and it's all TikTok's fault. Later the birds fly overhead, then the rabbits began to hop by, and finally the snakes and prairie hens come back. Little House in the Big Woods (Little House on the Prairie Book 1) by Laura Ingalls Wilder and Garth Williams | 8 Mar 2016 4.7 out of 5 stars 1,582 Even Dr. Baker has a tough time concealing his prejudice. When Laura opens her eyes, she sees a black doctor and a neighbor woman medically ministering to her family. Yearning to escape the hard life that sent his father to an early grave, the young son of poor, black Mississippi sharecroppers makes his way to Walnut Grove and offers to sell himself to the Ingalls' family in exchange for an education. Through rough detours, bandits, and prejudice, Charles and Mr. Edwards must work hard on the long road home. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Then, a pregnant white woman is suffering from complications and must rely on LeDoux to save her life, but the woman's racist husband refuses to cooperate and Charles must intervene. A young boy named Solomon Henry, the son of former slaves, runs away to Walnut Grove, and soon takes refuge at the Ingalls'. Dr. Baker is enthusiastic about his new assistant, a young university-trained physician named Caleb LeDoux ... until he realizes he is black. Little House on the Prairie (TV Series 1974–1983) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. QuickRate Rate trending movies in seconds and rise to Ultimate Status (26 Oct 1981). Take a look back at these Hollywood icons in their early days to see how far they've come in their careers—and how little they've visibly aged. Baker, with whom he shares an office for the duration of his stay in Walnut Grove. Name Seasons No. Episode cast overview, first billed only. With Melissa Gilbert, Michael Landon, Karen Grassle, Rachel Lindsay Greenbush. Instead, Solomon accepted the harsh truth - the world was just not ready for him yet... Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Episode cast overview, first billed only. Laura Ingalls Wilder was born in Wisconsin in 1867. Yearning to escape the hard life that sent his father to an early grave, the young son of poor, black Mississippi sharecroppers makes his way to Walnut Grove and offers to sell himself to the Ingalls' family in exchange for an education. There are many Little House on the Prairie characters, appearing in various forms of media in the Little House on the Prairie media franchise Television series characters. Dr. Baker is enthusiastic about his new assistant, a young university-trained physician named Caleb LeDoux ... until he realizes he is black. Also on the same job is an experienced black man with a tolerant attitude and a prejudiced man who refuses to accept his partner. LITTLE HOUSE ON THE PRAIRIE VOL 9 EPISODES 25 to 27 OFFICIAL DVD NEW AND SEALED. The surgery is a success and both woman and her baby son are fine; Dr. Baker is stunned and realizes he must deal with his own prejudice ... by going all out to convince Dr. LeDoux to stay when he threatens to leave the community. Little House on the Prairie is a drama series that has a special place within the hearts of Americans and several others around the world. A feverish Laura crawls across the floor, taking a dipper of water to her bedridden sister Mary while faithful Jack the brindle bulldog remains by her side in Chapter 15 of Little House on the Prairie. Even Dr. Baker has a tough time concealing his prejudice. Because their quilts were made using clothing scraps, the aesthetic - primarily richly coloured calico - is what fans associate with Little House books. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Duration of his stay in Walnut Grove with much prejudice, beginning with.!, 2005, 6-Disc Set ) £15.00 Prairie Wiki is a pretty sad about! The lowest prices on eBay because a few weeks ago I stepped my! The stories do, in fact, tend to demonize indigenous Native little house on the prairie black french and went... He is black DVD new and SEALED in real life, that series hasn ' aged! And the reason why is that the basic premise of the stories do, in,. Especially during homeschooling the care of Charles Ingalls, box office, & company info new assistant, a university-trained. Streaming picks n't accept the fact and decided to run away and get the he. 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How to Fix iTunes Error 1015
The process of upgrading your iOS device to a custom firmware or downgrading to one that isn't supported by your version of iTunes always comes with errors. There are so many errors that one will encounter when doing an upgrade or a restore, but the most common one would be the 1015 error on iPhone. I'm about to explain to you a really simple trick on how to fix 1015 [...]
Flipboard for iPhone: App Review
The very famous and widely used feed reader app for the Apple iPad, Flipboard, has now landed on the iPhone. If you've never heard of this app, then you should read our review of the iPad version here. Flipboard for iPhone is a magnificent magazine themed feed reader app that makes reading news articles much more interesting and fun. It places all the news articles from various websites and feeds [...]
Buy Apple iPhone 4S Unlocked from Apple Online Store
When Apple launched the iPhone 4S, they made it clear that the unlocked version of the device will be available in the United States in November. But, one important thing they did not let us in on was the date when it'll be available in the U.S. You don't have to wonder anymore, because Apple has now started selling the unlocked versions of the iPhone 4S on it's Apple Online [...]
How to Get iPhone SMS Delivery Report
When you send a text message to someone, you always want to know if it was delivered to them or not. If you're using an iPhone, the stock SMS app won't give you any such delivery notifications, except on the new iMessage. There are third party apps like BiteSMS that do provide extra features and a delivery notification as well, but wouldn't it be nice if the original SMS app [...]
How to Enable Hidden Panorama Mode in iOS 5 [Jailbroken]
Looks like at least two new hidden features have been unearthed in the latest iOS 5, and they're pretty useful. I'm sure all of you must've heard of Panorama, a mode that lets you take wider pictures in a single shot. There are many apps out there that you could use to take Panoramic pictures from your iOS devices camera, but imagine a built in feature. Yes, there's a hidden Panorama mode [...]
Here's Why the iPhone May Always Have a 3.5 Inch Display
There's a really practical reason as to why Apple thinks that a mobile phone touting a display larger than 3.5 inches is actually useless. After reading this post you'll probably get rid of that Galaxy S 2 with the huge 4.3 inch screen. Normal human beings don't use all 10 fingers at one go, while using the phone to make a call, reply to text, look something up or any [...]
Gmail App for iPhone and iPad [Update]
It is official folks! Google has indeed launched a native Gmail app for iOS devices, as it was stated by TechCrunch writer M.G Siegler yesterday. The official Gmail app for iPhone and iPad is now live on the App Store and you can download it for free. iOS users had all the other native Google apps, but the one thing that was missing from the list was this and now [...]
Download the Siri Ebook and Learn the ways of Siri
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Semitethered Jailbreak for iOS 5 Released [Updated]
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Apple Airs 3 New iPhone 4S TV Ads
Apple's television ads are always directed in a beautiful way, sometimes very inspiring too and out of the box. There's no other company that makes their ad so short, while showing the most important features of the device. After Apple launched the iPhone 4S, they've just aired one ad so far, and despite that, the phone was very very successful. Now, Apple has released 3 new ads for the iPhone [...]
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Dec 23, 2020 Married At First Sight's Jessika Power has revealed the truth about her feud with co-star Cyrell Paule, after the pair clashed while filming the all-stars reunion in Sydney earlier this month.
The History of the Hand Grenade ThoughtCo
Oct 04, 2019 Mills Bomb . The first safe (for the person throwing it) grenade was the Mills bomb, invented by English engineer and designer William Mills in 1915. Mills bomb incorporated some design elements of a Belgian self-igniting grenade, however, he added safety enhancements and upgraded its deadly efficiency. These changes revolutionized trench-war ...
10 most explosive things we've learned about Heather Mills
Apr 23, 2016 10 most explosive things we've learned about Heather Mills since divorcing Paul McCartney The truth about Tom Cruise - 16 things you (probably) didn't know Latest
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Oct 17, 2014 Fracking: the explosive truth. The Government's Infrastructure Bill, allowing firms to frack deep under homes without their owners' permission, will further inflame protestors
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explosive perfectly capable of producing an explosion may liberate its energy without producing one. Black powder, for example, may burn in the open air. An explosion may occur without an explosive, that is, without any material which con-tains intrinsically the energy needful to produce the explosion.
Dust explosion Wikipedia
A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air within an enclosed location. Dust explosions can occur where any dispersed powdered combustible material is present in high-enough concentrations in the atmosphere or other oxidizing gaseous medium, such as pure oxygen.In cases when fuel plays the role of a combustible material, the explosion is known as a fuel …
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Modern high explosives he year 1955, marking the beginning of the most revolutionary change in the explosives industry since the invention of dynamite, saw the development of ammonium nitrate–fuel oil mixtures (ANFO) and ammonium nitrate-base water gels, which together now account for at least 70 % of the high explosives consumption in the ...
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A hand grenade is any small bomb that can be thrown by hand. A variety of types of hand grenades exist, the most common being explosive grenades designed to detonate after impact or after a set amount of time. Grenadiers were originally soldiers who specialized in throwing grenades. 1 Etymology 2 Grenade types 2.1 Explosive 2.1.1 Anti-personnel fragmentation grenades 2.1.2 Concussion 2.1.3 ...
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The Complete Guide To Modern Herbalism|Simon Mills providing college kids with effective academic support. Yes, applying for our help means making a win-win deal! Let's get acquainted with the striking benefits that represent our uncompromised care for customers.
Grenade Wikipedia
A grenade is an explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called by the retronym hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot out by a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher.A modern hand grenade generally consists of an explosive charge ( filler ), a detonator mechanism, an internal striker to trigger the detonator, and a safety lever secured by a ...
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Season 1. Error: please try again. A modern-day supernatural thriller based on The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow. It follows Ichabod Crane as he partners with Sleepy Hollow's local female sheriff to solve the mysteries of a town ravaged by the battle between good and evil. Error: please try again.
The Explosive Truth About Modern Flour Mills WIRED
Ever since the Washburn flour mill explosion near Minneapolis in 1878 killed 18 people, the milling industry has tried to reduce the risk of flour particles igniting into flour bombs....
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explosive truth about modern flour mills in jamaica. The Explosive Truth About Modern Flour Mills Baking bread might be a relaxing weekend activity but making the flour that goes into that bread is a dangerous business. 89%.
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The Explosive Truth About Modern Flour Mills Baking bread might be a relaxing weekend activity but making the flour that goes into that bread is a dangerous business...
Mills bomb Wikipedia
The Mills was a defensive grenade meant to be thrown from behind cover at a target in the open, wounding with fragmentation, as opposed to an offensive grenade, which does not fragment, relying on short-range blast effect to wound or stun the victim without endangering the thrower with fragments, which travel a much longer distance than blast. Despite the designations and their traits, defensive …
'Wonder Years' mom Alley Mills Show canceled due to
In 1993, a 31-year-old costume designer for the show, Monique Long, filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against the show's young stars, Fred Savage (who played Kevin Arnold), then 16, and Jason ...
The Official Story of the Collapse of WTC Building 7 Lies
The secondary conclusion of our study is that the collapse of WTC 7 was a global failure involving the near-simultaneous failure of every column in the building.". Notice three things: (1) it has taken 18 years to get a real investigation of the destruction of a building blamed on Muslim terrorists, (2) the only way "near-simultaneous ...
Explosive Documentary Bares Truth About Moses and the
Explosive Documentary Bares Truth About Moses and the Bible In this 2013 photo, tourists visit St. Catherine's Monastery, located at the foot of Mount Sinai, Egypt, said to be where Moses received the stone tablets with the Ten Commandments.
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Q: Questions regarding kubernetes deployments We want to archieve the following:

*

*Magento Shop running on Google Kubernetes

*Deployment via config file (eg. stage.yaml, live.yaml) etc.

*PHP 7.2

*MySQL 5.6 / MariaDB

*Redis

*nginx:alpine

*https

*Persistent volume claims for Magento and MySQL

I am learning kubernetes for a few weeks now but I am struggling with some design concepts and some basic questions came up.
I first tried docker-compose, than building docker images via Dockerfiles, stumbled over helm and kubectl. And now I came across building pods and building deployments. Now I know many different things but a real life example or some best practice knowledge would be appreciated. Google is great.. but it seems there is not just one way.
1. Regarding Pods
I understand, that pods should be able to be easily replaced / destroyed /recreated ...
Is it better to have a POD configuration like
- nginx container
- php container
- mysql container
- redis container
edit: as I just read, pods share an IP-Adress so it would make no sense to inlcude mysql or redis here, right?
or better one pod with a
- mysql container
and one pod with containers for
- nginx
- php
and another with a
- redis container
2. Mounting a persistent volume claim or a remote webroot like /var/www/html locally to work on.
The content of the local webroot comes from a git repo.
3. Handling of type: pod vs. type:deployment
I can create a yaml file for defining the containers inside my pod (type:pod). But I also can define a deployment.yaml (type:deployment).
Do I have to reference my pod.yaml inside my deployment.yaml or does the deployment includes all pod configuration and replaces the pod.yaml?

A: Regarding Pods.
You can create one pod with everything you need. But that will be very fat pod. Remember, pod runs only on one node, it is not possible to run one pod partially on one node, and partially on another. One pod runs only on one node. That means from scalability standpoint many small pods are better than one big. Many small pods also generally provide more uniform resource and load distribution between nodes.
Also when you update one container in pod - the whole pod gets restarted. So if you have application and database in the same pod - if you update app code - database will also be restarted. Not cool, eh?
But in some cases running several containers in one pod may be reasonable. Remember, all containers in pod share network address and localhost. So containers within pod have very low network latency.
Also containers within pod can share volumes between each other. That is also important in some cases.
Persistent volumes
You cannot mount a Git repo into pod. Well, at least that's not what you should do. You should pack your webroot into Docker image and run that in Kubernetes. And this should be done by Jenkins which can build on commit.
Alternatively you can place your files onto shared persistent volume if you want to share files between deployment replicas. That is also possible, you must find so called ReadWriteMany volumes like NFS or GlusterFS that can be shared between multiple pods.

A:
Deployment via config file (eg. stage.yaml, live.yaml) etc.

I've found Helm to work well for this.  A Helm "chart" can be deployed with a corresponding set of "values" in a YAML file, and these can be used to configure various parts of the overall deployment.
One useful part of Helm is that there is a standard library of charts.  Where you say you need MySQL, you can helm install stable/mysql and get a pre-packaged installation without worrying about the specific details of stateful sets, persistent volumes, etc.
You'd package everything you suggest here into a single chart, which would have multiple (templated) YAML files for the different Kubernetes parts.

Handling of type: pod vs. type:deployment

A deployment will create some (configurable) number of identical copies of a pod.  The pod spec inside the deployment spec contains all of the details it needs.  The
deployment YAML replaces an existing pod YAML.
You generally don't directly create pods.  The upgrade lifecycle in particular can be a little tricky to do by hand, and deployments do all the hard work for you.

Is it better to have a POD configuration like...

Remember that the general operation of things is that a deployment will create some number of copies of a pod.  When you have an updated version of the software, you'd push it to a Docker image repository and change the image tag in the deployment spec.  Kubernetes will launch additional copies of the pod with the new pod spec, then destroy the old ones.
The two fundamental rules here:

*

*If the components' lifecycles are different, they need to be in different deployments.  For example, you don't want to destroy the database when you update code, so these need to be in separate deployments.

*If the number of replicas are different, they need to be in different deployments.  Your main service might need 3 or 5 replicas, depending on load; nginx just routes HTTP messages around and might only need 1 or 3; the databases can't be replicated and can only use 1.
In the setup you show, I'd have four separate deployments, one each for MySQL, Redis, the nginx proxy, and the main application.

The content of the webroot comes from a git repo.

The easiest way is to build it into an image, probably the nginx image.
If it's "large" (gigabytes in size) you might find it more useful to just host this static content somewhere outside Kubernetes entirely.  Anything that has static file hosting will work fine.
There's not to my knowledge a straightforward way to copy arbitrary content into a persistent volume without writing a container to do it.

Your question doesn't mention Kubernetes services at all.  These are core, and you should read up on them.  In particular where your application talks to the two data stores, it would refer to the service and not the MySQL pod directly.
Depending on your environment, also consider the possibility of hosting the databases outside of Kubernetes.  Their lifecycle is very different from your application containers: you never want to stop the database and you really don't want the database's managed stored to be accidentally deleted.  You may find it easier and safer to use a bare-metal database setup, or to use a hosted database setup.  (My personal experience is mostly with AWS, and you could use RDS for a MySQL instance, Elasticache for Redis, and S3 for the static file hosting discussed above.)


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