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A Research on Ecoagriculture Issue
Categories: Ecology
Ecoagriculture describes the process of cultivating land that both supports the production of agriculture as well as promotes biodiversity. It is highly beneficial to rural communities as it can yield a good amount of agricultural products while still maintaining and even increasing the fruitfulness of the soil and plant life. In order for ecoagriculture to be implemented successfully, a high amount of biodiversity must be used. Biodiversity is the amount of variation of life forms in a given environment. Biodiversity is largely used as a measure of the health of a given ecosystem and one with a high degree of biodiversity is thought to be extremely advantageous.
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On the other hand, ecosystems with poor biodiversity are generally considered to be unwell. Historically, humans have shown to be detrimental to biodiversity as we have destroyed a great number of natural ecosystems and have greatly harmed the biodiversity of many existing ecosystems. One need not look further than our destruction of the Amazonian rainforests to see our impact on the world.
Ecoagriculture modifies the ecology of a region by increasing biodiversity, which in turn contributes to cleaner water. This is because different plant life acts as a sort of buffer in order to decrease runoff into the water supply.
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Runoff occurs when water travels over the surface of the land and into other water supplies such as rivers, lakes, or oceans. The water travelling over the land collects soil and even harmful pollutants and they are then sent to the water supply. A very positive side effect of biodiversity is that it decreases runoff by creating buffer zones in which the water is collected and stopped. Also, the increased diversity of plant life ensures that there are less harmful properties in the soil and also that there are no weak spots where surface runoff can still occur. This is why biodiversity has proven to be extremely helpful to the prevention of water pollution.
Biofuel technologies can threaten agriculture in a number of ways. First of all, it decreases biodiversity. Because biofuels would have to be produced on such a large scale, trying to incorporate biodiversity on these land plots where the biofuel materials would be grown is unrealistic. This lack of biodiversity would harm the water supply because runoff would increase greatly. Furthermore, there is a great food vs. fuel debate which arises from the great possibility that implementing biofuels would greatly decrease our food production simply because there is not enough fertile soil to grow both types of agriculture. This tradeoff has its obvious benefits and detriments and there are strong supporters for both sides. Some people are now supporting technologies that would produce waste biomass, which could actually use the waste of agricultural production to create biofuel, thereby enhancing agricultural production in and of itself. Furthermore, because there are so many options for biofuel, biodiversity could be implemented by growing several sources of biofuel. This biodiversity would then decrease runoff and make sure the soil does not become depleted of nutrients.
Africa has a long history of drought and famine. Scientists recently studying the history of drought in Africa have found that over the past centuries, this continent has experienced by far the worst droughts among all the regions. The land has proven to be largely barren also, as the nutrients have been depleted for the most part. Global warming and climate change in general is expected to have a great impact on Africa because the region is so prone to drought already, that any change will only exacerbate the problem. Many of Africa's residents are suffering from poverty and starvation resulting from this long history of drought.
Environmentally-related conflict occurs in a number of situations when countries try to vie for scarce resources. This has been seen in many wars over the course of history as one nation will try to gain advantage by obtaining more resources in the form of land, livestock, people, crops, or all of them together. For example, some nations conflict with others because they do not have nutrient rich soil in order to grow crops and sustain their people. Others conflict because they are not able to gain access to a good water supply. As well all know, water is highly important in sustaining life; both human and otherwise. Looming large is the possibility of climate change. Many researchers and scientists have noticed a trend of global warming and have publicly warned the world's population that unless drastic measures are taken, our future is bleak. Climate change could end up causing these scarce resources to become even scarcer. People who once had sufficient resources will start to realize them decreasing and the possibility for conflict with other nations will greatly increase as each population tries to support themselves. Furthermore, the population of the world is increasing, which means that by the time global climate change starts becoming a large problem, the world's population will be so large that conflict will be inevitable.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large area of trash that has collected in the Pacific ocean in a gyre. It has recently gained much public attention as people all around the world have started realizing the effects of our littering and the impacts it can have on our environment. The size of this patch is extremely large and the garbage is clumped very closely together. Estimates at the size of this patch have varied from twice the size of Texas, to larger than the continental United States. The reports on the size of it vary so much because the specific boundaries are hard to measure and are largely subjective. The patch has a great level of plastics which have broken down to harmful polymers, chemical sludge, and other debris. A great deal of this litter has been albatrosses. The garbage can also absorb organic pollution, such as DDT which, when ingested by wildlife, can be mistaken by the body and cause hormone disruption. Humans are even affected by this garbage patch. Many jellyfish consume the toxins. These jellyfish are eaten by fish which are in turn eaten by humans.
The Amazonian rainforest is one of extremely high biodiversity and is known to be one of the most diverse biomes on the entire planet. That being said, it has had a very dynamic history full of environmental change, spurred by both natural changes in the climate and by negative human impact. The rainforest is reported to have originally formed in the Eocene era, tens of millions of years ago. The region did not contain any savannah-type biomes until the most recent ice age. Following the extinction of dinosaurs, the wetter climate allowed the rainforest to spread across the region to become larger than ever before. Even during the glacial periods, the rainforest was able to stay relatively strong, allowing for the evolution and sustaining of a wide variety of species, both animal and plant. There is a belief among scientists that plant life changed greatly over the last 20,000 years. Studying the possibility of hunting patterns to sustain a human, it is estimated the Amazon rainforest could only sustain one fifth of a person for every square kilometer. Therefore, for any realistic possibility of living in the rainforest, agriculture would be necessary. Access to the rainforest was highly restricted prior to 1960, however human impact after this period has been considerable. Most farmers who came to the Amazon used the slash and burn technique. However, farmers soon found that maintaining these farms was a difficult task simply because weed invasion was prevalent and the soil only maintained its fertility for so long. After a short period, the farmers would have to move on to another plot in order to continue their farming successfully, thereby destroying more rainforest. The deforestation caused a great deal of environmental damage as well. Most of land lost since the deforestation occurring since the 1960s is used for cattle pasture. Because Brazil is the second largest soy bean producer in the entire world, the plight of soy formers has been used to justify much of the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. Two freeways were even established in the Amazon, which largely increased deforestation and human settlement in the rainforest.
Obviously, environmentalists strongly oppose this deforestation. Although the rate of deforestation has been declining since 2004, it remains a large problem. This deforestation has been shown to cause a drop in the biodiversity of the Amazon, and the cleared areas of land are even visible from space. Another problem environmentalists have identified is the carbon release from the burning of plants, which contributes to global warming. In order to solve the problem of deforestation, it is my opinion that the value of these rainforests should be taken advantage. For example, there are several thousands of plant and animal species that have still yet to be identified in the Amazon rainforest. Many of these plants have medicinal qualities. If we continue to destroy these rainforests, we may never get to test what benefits these plants have before they are extinct. Furthermore, one hectare of rainforest is calculated to yield over $6,000 if sustainably harvested for fruit, timber, and latex, however only $1,000 if unsustainably harvested. One hectare is worth less than $150 if used for cow pasture.
Projectamazonas.com is a very interesting website. On their pages, they discuss the importance of preserving the Amazonian rainforests. I believe that their mission is very respectable and important to the world at large. The explanations they give for why we should save the rainforests and how we should do it line up very well with my personal beliefs. They believe that the Amazon has a great amount of untapped potential that many people don't realize. As stated in activity 3, there are many plants which offer medicinal benefits that have yet to be utilized. Global warming in and of itself could destroy the rainforest, even if humans stop deforestation altogether. That is why it is important to start experimenting with these plants as soon as possible. The work of projectamazonas.com is divided up into five distinct categories: education, conservation, research, community, and medical care. The website's founders believe that education is highly important. First of all, educating oneself about the rainforests allows them to fully understand the problems affecting it. Furthermore, knowing the rainforest also makes clear the advantages of saving it. Without understanding why we should be concerned about the rainforest, one cannot be as fully passionate about the specific cause. This education should not only occur in the United States, but we should also work to education the Peruvian citizens about the rainforest. We should understand how they wish to utilize the rainforest and live alongside it as well. A mutual learning must occur among conservationists and the people of Peru in order to reach an agreed upon goal of saving the rainforest. The second category, conservation discusses the efforts that projectamazonas.com endorses for the benefit of the rainforests. The website describes that not only should our conservation efforts be focused purely on the rainforests, but also on conservation in our daily lives. This includes things such as avoiding unnecessary use, eliminating waste, and using more renewable resources. They stress that it is important that the Amazonian people use the rainforest in such a way that it is available for future generations in the same manner. Research is also an explained area that we must hold in high regard. Without research, we would not be able to educate people about the Amazon rainforest. Projectamazonas.com has research locations set up in the rainforest and provides grants for Peruvian students to take advantage of in order to further the research efforts in the Amazon. The website also acknowledges that it is unrealistic to think that we can create a rainforest free from human inhabitation. One section stresses the importance of providing the community with knowledge and resources in order to help them. This is not only for the sake of the rainforest, but also for the sake of humanitarianism and helping some of the underprivileged members of the Amazon. The final area, medical care, ties into the education and community efforts. It is important to provide sufficient medical supplies and training to those living in the Peruvian rainforest, specifically the more remote areas. This is because they have poor health care in these areas and it is important to educate them in the proper ways to treat themselves for the sake of sustainability. I really like this website, and respect their efforts of combining humanitarian and environmental solutions to the problems faced by the Amazon rainforest.
A Research on Ecoagriculture Issue. (2021, Oct 31). Retrieved from http://envrexperts.com/free-essays/essay-about-research-ecoagriculture-issue
An Analysis of the Destruction of the Rainforest Pages: 8 (2153 words)
Depletion and Destruction of Tropical Rainforests in the World Pages: 9 (2476 words)
Deforestation: A Cancer to Society Pages: 8 (2246 words)
A Discussion on the Issue of Deforestation in America Pages: 9 (2627 words)
Issue of the Destruction of Rainforests and Its Causes Pages: 4 (1020 words)
Problem and Danger of Deforestication Pages: 10 (2971 words)
An Analysis of the Environmental Issue of the Destruction of the Rainforests Pages: 6 (1583 words)


KUWAIT CITY, July 28: The Ministry of Higher Education has referred more than 100 forged certificates to the Public Prosecution in the last four years, reports Al-Qabas daily quoting sources.
Sources expect more forged certificates to be referred to the prosecution next week as the ministry has intensified efforts in checking certificates. Sources affirmed the ministry maintains strong coordination with security agencies in a bid to complete search and scrutiny procedures to identify all those involved in the case.
Sources clarified the above figure pertains to forged certificates only, indicating the ministry referred hundreds of fake certificates in previous years. Sources said there is a difference between fake and forged certificates — the first is issued by an unaccredited university while the second is issued by an accredited university but obtained fraudulently.
Sources cited another type of certificate issued by universities which are not accredited in the country according to the list of academic accreditation. Meanwhile, officials at the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs received letters from the Public Prosecution about a Dar Al-Quran employee who obtained a higher academic certificate recently and used it to improve his professional and financial conditions, as results of the prosecution's investigation revealed that the certificate is fake, reports Al-Rai daily quoting a reliable source. The source said the prosecution has requested the ministry to instruct the employee to return all the financial privileges he received unlawfully — estimated at thousands of Kuwaiti dinars.
The source affirmed the ministry immediately took administrative and legal measures in preparation for recovery of public funds which the employee received unlawfully.


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Q: The vue3-carousel image doesn't appear I installed vue3-carousel by npm and I want to show the imgs in the folder internal path, not the external path, but only the src path is displayed as text, and the image is not displayed. how can I display img's?
<template>

      <Carousel :wrap-around="true" :breakpoints="breakpoints" :autoplay="3000">
        <Slide v-for="slide in slides" :key="slide.id">

{{ slide.title }}

{{ slide.content }}

{{ slide.src}}

        </Slide>
        <template #addons>
          <Navigation />
          <Pagination />
        </template>
      </Carousel>

</template>

A: *

*If you will use p tag to display the image then obviously a text would be displayed not an image. So, use img tag to display the images.

*If files are in the public folder then you don't need to give ../../public/images path. You can directly access it via /images/<img_name>
After making those two changes, your images will be displayed correctly. Here is the fixes you need to do-
Update your slides data to this-
const slides = [
  { id: 1, title: 'Vue 3 Introduction', content: 'VueJS is a library' , src: 'map1.jpg'},
  { id: 2, title: 'Vue 3 Components', content: 'Know the components' , src: 'map2.jpg'},
  { id: 3, title: 'Vue 3 Components', content: 'Know the components' , src: 'map3.jpg'},
  { id: 4, title: 'Vue 3 Components', content: 'Know the components' , src: 'map4.jpg'},
  { id: 5, title: 'Vue 3 Components', content: 'Know the components' , src: 'map5.jpg'},
]

and update your Carousel component to this-
<Carousel :wrap-around="true" :breakpoints="breakpoints" :autoplay="3000">
  <Slide v-for="slide in slides" :key="slide.id">

{{ slide.title }}

{{ slide.content }}

      <img :src="`/images/${slide.src}`" />

  </Slide>
  <template #addons>
    <Navigation />
    <Pagination />
  </template>
</Carousel>

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Hampton Dene works with children, parents and the community to ensure the safety and protection of children and to give them the very best start in life. We aim to create an environment in our school which is safe and secure for all children. Through providing activities and opportunities in the PSHE curriculum we aim to equip our children with the skills they need to stay safe. e.g. we enable children to have the self confidence and the vocabulary to resist inappropriate approaches and encourage children to develop a sense of autonomy and independence.
We follow the guidelines laid down by the DFE publications 'Keeping Children Safe in Education' and 'Working Together to Safeguard Children' and staff receive regular training in Safeguarding. We work with Herefordshire Social Care teams and if a report is to be made to the authorities, we follow the directives of the social care team.
We wanted to let you know about a new Government strategy called 'Prevent'. From July 2015 all schools (as well as other organisations) have a duty to keep children safe from radicalisation and extremism.
The teachers at Hampton Dene will of course make sure any discussions are suitable for the age and maturity of the children involved.


"Ambassador Nigel Sheinwald: Serving the United Kingdom and the Greater Good"
Today, as we welcome Sir Nigel Sheinwald, British Ambassador to the United States, we also welcome one who epitomizes that limited class of great public servants.
For Ambassador Sheinwald, the cause has always been the United Kingdom. Educated at Harrow County Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford, the ambassador joined the British Diplomatic Service in 1976. Over the course of the past thirty-four years, he has served with distinction in a wide range of positions around the world, often at the heart of British diplomacy.
From 1983 to 1987, he served in the Political Section of the British Embassy in his first posting to Washington. From there, he became Deputy Head of the British Foreign Office's Policy Planning Staff, then Deputy Head of the Foreign Office's European Union Department. In 1993, he took up his first posting to Brussels as Head of the UK Representation's Political and Institutional Section there.
He was named the Foreign Office's Press Secretary and Head of the News Department in 1995, and in 1998 became the office's Europe Director. In 2000, he returned to Brussels, serving as the UK Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the EU. In 2003, Ambassador Sheinwald was appointed Foreign Policy and Defense Advisor to Prime Minister Tony Blair, and took up his current post as the British Ambassador to the United States in 2007.
This impressive range of experience only begins to suggest the skill that Ambassador Sheinwald brings to diplomatic matters. In the last decade alone, Sir Nigel has negotiated with Iran for the release of fifteen British sailors and Marines held hostage; has been involved in talks related to North Korean nuclear disarmament; was sent as a special envoy to Damascus in talks with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad; and oversaw meetings that led to Libya's leader General Muammar al-Gaddafi giving up Libya's weapons of mass destruction and renouncing terrorism.
Borrowing from the great British statesman Sir Winston Churchill, we might say that all along and in so many different contexts, Ambassador Sheinwald has "braced himself to his duty,"2 his service a testimony to his dedication to his country and to the world as a whole. In addition to these high profile assignments, I could also mention Ambassador Sheinwald's dedication to international education, his work on environmental causes, and his deep engagement in the situation in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
In honor of his service to his nation, Sir Nigel was knighted (KCMG) in 2001. The inaugural recipient of the Distinguished Diplomatic Service Award from the World Affairs Council—Washington, D.C., he also served as a panelist at the 2010 Human Rights Summit, and recently delivered the keynote address at the 50th Anniversary Dinner of the Winston Churchill Foundation.
We should remember, too, that it was Churchill who first and famously spoke of the "special relationship" that exists between the United States and Britain, a special relationship that endures to this day, and which I think it is fair to say, is one of the closest relationships that exists between any two countries in the world. Would you then help me welcome our distinguished guest and dedicated public servant, the Honorable Ambassador Sir Nigel Sheinwald?
1. Roosevelt, Theodore. "A Great Public Servant." The Outlook 109.2 (13 Jan. 1915): 85-6. Page 85.
2. Churchill, Winston. "Their Finest Hour." House of Commons, London. 18 June 1940. www.winstonchurchill.org.


Above the keyboard you'll find the power button and a couple of very useful shortcut buttons. The first button will toggle between full and 50 per cent screen brightness. This is particularly useful if you happen to be using the GRT916Z on battery power or if you're working in a dark room and the Ultra-Bright screen becomes a bit too intense for you. The other button offers a zoom function which resets the screen resolution to 1,024 x 768 and switches it back to 1,400 x 1,050 with another press. This is really useful if you find the native resolution a little small in some instances but don't want to mess around with display settings all the time.
A quick look around the chassis reveals a good selection of ports and connectors. On the left you'll find a FireWire port, a MemoryStick Pro slot and two PC Card slots that will accept one Type III or two Type II cards. At the rear are three USB 2.0 ports, a headphone socket, mic socket and video out port. Hiding behind two rubber flaps at the back are the modem socket and Ethernet port, while the power socket rounds things off. The right hand side is devoid of anything other than the battery.
Sony also bundles a great deal of software with the GRT916Z. For image editing you get both PictureGear Studio and Adobe Photoshop Elements. Video editing is catered for by Adobe Premiere 6.0 LE and DVD playback by WinDVD.
This is also the first VAIO notebook to ship with Sony's SonicStage Mastering Studio. This allows you to record analogue audio sources onto the GRT916Z, edit them, add your own effects and export them either to a WAV file or burn them direct to a CD. In principle this is a great idea since a lot of people have old records and tapes that they'd like to transfer to CD, but there is one major issue. Unfortunately the GRT916Z doesn't have a line-in port, so there's no way of getting stereo sound onto the machine unless you pay £140 for a docking bar. I brought this point up with Sony and I was assured that future notebooks sporting this software will have a line-in. Ultimately though, you're getting this software for nothing, and it does work very well, so it would be churlish of me to criticise Sony too much for the lack of line-in port. Ultimately, if you really want to use it you can decide if it's worth the extra money for the docking bar which also adds optical S/PDIF, a serial port, a parallel port, stereo audio in/out, S-Video out, composite video out, and a PS/2 connector.
Performance wise this Sony is first rate. With a SYSmark 2002 score of 249, it's only four points behind the far bigger and less comfortable Acer Aspire 1705SCi. And in almost every other benchmark the Sony streaks ahead. In both PC Mark 2002 and 2004 the Sony is way ahead of the Acer in every test bar hard disk performance, and that's hardly surprising since the Acer uses a full size 3.5in drive. In 3DMark 2001 SE the Sony obliterates the Acer with a score of 9644 compared with 1136, proving that the inclusion of the nVidia GeForce FX Go5600 graphics chipset was a worthwhile decision.
The only area where the GRT916Z falls down is battery life. Under Mobile Mark the Sony only managed to last for 93 minutes. Although I was very disappointed with this result, a quick look at Sony's specification sheet showed that it wasn't trying to hide this fact. Sony states a maximum battery life of 90 minutes, so in reality I managed to better that slightly. That said, one and a half hours on battery is not very long at all, so you'll have to be sure that you won't need to use this machine on the move.
Ultimately, if you're looking for a desktop replacement notebook and have no intention of using battery power for any length of time, the VAIO PCG-GRT916Z is a very tempting proposition.
As a true desktop replacement this VAIO excels. The poor battery life is an issue, but the intended user will be transporting this machine between home and office. If you're looking for a notebook that you can use as your sole computer in both home and office environments, you'd be hard pushed to find a better model than this.


text:
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A self-ignition occurred in a bus in Changzhou, Jiangsu. The vehicle was burned and there were no casualties.
January 19, 2019 John Ben Change
Self-ignition of a bus in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
Zhongxin.com Changzhou, January 19 (Reporter Tang Juan correspondent Xu Wei) At 8 o'clock on the morning of January 19, a bus in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province suddenly spontaneously ignited during the driving, and the raging fire immediately swallowed the bus, and the scene was full of smoke. . According to Changzhou Wujin Public Security, fortunately, the driver evacuated the passengers in time, causing no casualties. As of press time, the fire has been extinguished and road traffic has returned to normal.
A raging fire instantly swallows a bus. Xu Wei
It is understood that on the morning of the 19th, at 8:11 am, I received a 119-transition police. There was a 75-way bus at the entrance of Wujin Garden Street Media Building in Wujin, which was a big fire. After receiving the report, 110 notified the Hutang police station in the area to immediately dispatch the police, and informed the Hutang traffic police squadron to maintain traffic.
A bus in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province suddenly spontaneously ignited during the journey, and the smoke was on the scene. Xu Wei
According to the driver Sun Mou recalled that when the bus drove to the entrance of the Garden Street Media Building, "the first thing was that there was a muffled sound under the wheel, then the passengers in the car shouted and there was smoke coming out of the car." He immediately stopped to park. , evacuated ten passengers in the car. The automatic fire extinguisher on the car was also turned on, but the fire was too strong and swallowed the vehicle in an instant.
The car has been completely burned.
After the dangerous situation occurred, the local police station, traffic police, and fire department rushed to the scene to evacuate the crowd, guided the vehicles to pass, and jointly carried out the rescue work. After half an hour of hard work, the fire was extinguished, no people were injured, but the vehicles were all burned. The preliminary judgment of the fire department after the site investigation may be caused by the aging of the line. At present, the specific cause of the fire is under investigation. (Finish)
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Amorphous multilayers of transition metal - rare earth (TM-RE) compounds display particular interesting properties such as a strong magnetic anisotropy which, in some conditions, may be perpendicular to the layers \cite{sato86,shan90}. Up to now, the accurate origin of this anisotropy is not clearly understood and several models have been proposed. These models are based on the anisotropic distribution of the TM-RE pairs \cite{sato86}, dipolar interactions \cite{schulte95}, local structural anisotropy \cite{mergel93,fuji96} or single-ion anisotropy \cite{shan90b}. However, no model is able to explain all the experimental features.

This study has been performed by taking into account recent experimental results of the structural and of the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe/Dy multilayers \cite{tamion05,tamion06,tamion07}. In particular, hysteresis loops measured with the magnetic field applied successively in the film plane and perpendicular to it show that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is stronger for the multilayers deposited at a higher temperature (600K compared to 320K) \cite{tamion06}. In this temperature range, the structural investigations have shown that the multilayer is alternatively composed of layers with a majority of amorphous Fe and of Fe-Dy alloyed layers (Figure \ref{figure01}) \cite{tamion06}. For $T_{S}=320$K, the multilayer is made up of roughly pure amorphous Fe and Dy layers with thin interfaces. Above 700K, the layered structure is destroyed, replaced by mixed grains of $\alpha$-Fe and Fe$_2$-Dy which leads to a planar anisotropy. Altogether, these results show that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy seems to be correlated in these samples with the existence of Fe-Dy amorphous alloy in the multilayers.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{figure01.eps}}
\caption{Concentration profile of an (Fe 3nm/ Dy 2nm) multilayer deposited at 570K. The data have been obtained by tomographic atom probe measurements \cite{tamion06}.}
\label{figure01}
\end{figure}
In this work, we have performed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations on amorphous Fe/Dy multilayers in order to investigate the influence of the concentration profile on the magnetic properties. We have considered a model including perpendicular magnetic aniso\-tropy (on average) on a small fraction of Dy sites, the other Dy sites exhibit random anisotropy. Two different concentration profiles have been studied: an abrupt profile that is the multilayer is made up of pure Fe layers and pure Dy layers (close to the experimental profile for $T_{S}=320$K) and an experimental profile obtained from tomographic atom probe analysis on a multilayer deposited at 570K (Figure \ref{figure01}). Our goal is to investigate by means of MC simulations the influence of the concentration profile on the global magnetisation, on the global susceptibility, on the sublattice magnetisations and on the magnetisation per plane. Since the strength of the Dy single site anisotropy is not clearly elucidated, we have also investigated the influence of the Dy anisotropy constant magnitude. Moreover, the fraction of Dy sites with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is not known, so we have also let vary this parameter in our simulations to determine its influence. The model is presented in section \ref{sec2} and the simulation method is described in section \ref{sec3}. The results are discussed in section \ref{sec4} and a conclusion is given in section \ref{sec5}.

\section{Model} \label{sec2}
\subsection{Magnetic parameters}
Our model of Fe/Dy ferrimagnetic multilayers consists of classical Heisenberg spins located at the sites of a face centered cubic lattice with nearest-neighbour exchange interactions. We have chosen this lattice in order to reproduce the experimental observed compact structure \cite{heiman76,mimura78,hansen91}. As the multilayers are amorphous, the exchange interactions are modulated by a gaussian distribution (Figure \ref{figure02}) which models the distribution of the interatomic distances in real samples \cite{kobe76}. On the other hand, the $J_{{\rm Fe-Fe}}$ and $J_{{\rm Fe-Dy}}$ exchange interaction values have been extracted from those determined by Heiman et al. \cite{heiman76} on Fe-Dy amorphous thin films by mean-field calculations and adjusted  by MC simulations in order to get the pure amorphous Fe Curie temperature (270K \cite{heiman76}). So, they linearly depend on the local concentration $X_{{\rm Fe}}$ following:

$$J_{{\rm Fe-Fe}}(X_{{\rm Fe}})/k_{\rm B}=77+449 (1-X_{{\rm Fe}})\ {\rm (in\ K)} \quad (X_{\mathrm{Fe}}>0.4),$$
$$J_{{\rm Fe-Dy}}(X_{{\rm Fe}})/k_{\rm B}=8-198 (1-X_{{\rm Fe}})\ {\rm (in\ K)} \quad (X_{\mathrm{Fe}}>0.4).$$
Concerning the $J_{{\rm Dy-Dy}}$ exchange interaction which is known to be much smaller than the others, this latter has been taken constant in function of the concentration. Its value has been estimated by MC simulations in order to provide the pure amorphous Dy Curie temperature (110K \cite{tappert96}):
$$J_{{\rm Dy-Dy}}/k_{\rm B}=6.5\ {\rm (K)}.$$
These concentration rules are valid only when $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}>0.4$. $J_{{\rm Fe-Dy}}$ is strongly negative; it is thus responsible for the ferrimagnetic order (with antiparallel Fe and Dy moments) at low temperature which has been experimentally observed by polarized neutrons reflectivity measurements \cite{tamion07}. We have to mention that the Fe spin value also depends on the local concentration  \cite{heiman76}:
$$S_{{\rm Fe}}(X_{{\rm Fe}})=1.1-1.125(1-X_{{\rm Fe}}) \quad (X_{\mathrm{Fe}}>0.4).$$
The other numerical values of the model are those of the free ions:
$$g_{{\rm Fe}}=2;\ g_{{\rm Dy}}=4/3;\ S_{{\rm Dy}}=2.5.$$

\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure02a.eps}}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure02b.eps}}
	\caption{Gaussian distribution of the exchange interaction ((a) Fe-Fe exchange interaction; (b) Dy-Dy exchange interaction).}
\label{figure02}
\end{figure}

The variation of the exchange energy as a function of the Fe concentration for the three different bonds is shown in Figure \ref{figure03}. We can see that the exchange energy (in absolute value) of the Fe-Fe and Fe-Dy bonds are maximum respectively at $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.8$ and $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.5$ and that the contribution of the Fe-Dy pairs will play a significant role in the magnetic ordering.

\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure03.eps}}
	\caption{Exchange energy as a function of the Fe concentration for the three bonds.}
\label{figure03}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Concentration profile}
\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure04a.eps}}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure04b.eps}}
	\caption{Concentration profile of each specie along the perpendicular direction for an \textit{abrupt} (a) and a \textit{TAP} (b) concentration profile.}
\label{figure04}
\end{figure}
The introduction of realistic concentration profiles along the growth direction of the multilayer is essential since atomic diffusion seems to have a major influence on the macroscopic magnetic anisotropy. In this study, we have thus considered two concentration profiles: the first one, called \textit{abrupt}, corresponds to a multilayer made up of pure Fe layers and pure Dy layers with an abrupt interface (Figure \ref{figure04}(a)); the second profile (Figure \ref{figure04}(b)) is directly obtained from tomographic atom probe analyses of a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) built up at 570K  \cite{tamion06} (Figure \ref{figure01}). This profile is composed of a rich Fe region (Fe$_{90}$Dy$_{10}$) and a wide region in which the concentration varies. As it has been previously mentioned, this concentration profile leads to the maximum of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy experimentally observed by Tamion et al. \cite{tamion06,tamion07}. In the following, this profile will be called \textit{TAP} profile (for tomographic atom probe profile). The main difference between the two profiles is that the pure Dy region in the multilayer with an abrupt profile is replaced by an alloyed region with variable local concentration in the case of the TAP profile.

\subsection{Magnetic anisotropy} \label{sect_clustermodel}

In order to investigate the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the Fe/Dy multilayers, we have focused our attention on a local structural anisotropy model \cite{mergel93} which seems to be well adapted to understand the referenced experimental results.

This model is based on the central hypothesis that during layer-by-layer growth small Fe-Dy crystallized zones at a scale of a few interatomic distances are formed defining on average a preferential axis perpendicular to the film plane. Indeed, they probably exhibit a structure that is reminiscent of those of the defined TM-RE compounds, whose hexagonal symmetry leads to anisotropy axes on average perpendicular to the layers. These locally ordered clusters consist in our model of 13 atoms (one central Fe atom and its 12 nearest neighbours) (Figure \ref{figure05}). Among the 8 neighbours which are not in the plane of the central atom, between 2 and 4 Dy atoms are randomly distributed in order to obtain a cluster concentration close to that of defined compounds. Since RE atoms are characterized by a strong intrinsic anisotropy due to the particular shape of their \textit{4f} orbitals, we have thus considered in the Hamiltonian a single site anisotropy term for all Dy atoms. The anisotropy axes on the Dy atoms belonging to the clusters are parallel to the Fe-Dy bonds (Fe here is the central atom of the cluster); so the unit vectors $\mathbf{z}_{i}$ of these 4 axes are $(\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$,0,$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$) or ($0,\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$,$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$). This leads on average to an anisotropy direction perpendicular to the plane of the layers. For the other Dy sites  which do not belong to the clusters we have considered random anisotropy because of the amorphous structure of the multilayers.
\begin{figure}\centering
{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{figure05.eps}}
	\caption{Schematic representation of the ordered Fe-Dy clusters. Fe atoms are in blue, Dy atoms in green. The arrows show the local anisotropy axes on the Dy sites.}
\label{figure05}
\end{figure}
The energy of the system is thus:

\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{ E =  -\sum_{<i,j>} J_{ij} (\mathbf{S}_{i} . \mathbf{S}_{j}) - D_{\rm{Dy}} \bigg( \sum_{i \notin \rm{clusters}} (\mathbf{S}_{i}. \mathbf{n}_{i})^2 {} }
\nonumber\\
& & {}+\sum_{i \in \rm{clusters}} (\mathbf{S}_{i}.\mathbf{z}_{i})^2 \bigg),
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent where ${\mathbf{S}_{i}}$ is the spin of the site $i$, $J_{ij}$ is the exchange interaction between the nearest-neighbour sites $i$ and $j$, $D_{{\rm Dy}}$ is the anisotropy constant on the Dy sites, ${\mathbf{n}_{i}}$ is an unit vector indicating the random anisotropy direction on the Dy site $i$ and ${\mathbf{z}_{i}}$ is an unit vector along the local anisotropy axis of a Dy site belonging to the clusters. We also define the magnetic susceptibility:
$$
	\chi (T) = \frac{\big< m^{2} \big>_{T} - \big< m \big>_{T}^{2}}{k_{\rm{B}}T} \times N,
	\label{eq:chi}
$$
where $\big< m \big>_{T}$ is the magnetisation defined as
$$
	\big< m \big>_{T} = \frac{1}{N} \Bigg< \Bigg[ \bigg( \sum_{i=1}^{N} m_{i}^{x} \bigg)^{2} + \Big( \sum_{i=1}^{N} m_{i}^{y} \Big)^{2} + \Big( \sum_{i=1}^{N} m_{i}^{z} \Big)^{2} \Bigg]^{1/2} \Bigg>_{T}.
	\label{eq:aim}
$$

 As the anisotropy coefficient $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$ in amorphous multilayers is not accurately determined in the literature, we will consider it as a free parameter with the same value for all the Dy sites (in the clusters and in the amorphous matrix). In the same way, the cluster concentration, which is defined as the number of atoms included in the clusters divided by the total number of atoms, is a free parameter in the simulations since it cannot be evaluated experimentally. But in this work, most of the results have been obtained with a quite small cluster concentration of 5\%.

\section{Numerical method} \label{sec3}

The numerical method is the importance sampling MC method in the canonical ensemble \cite{binder90,heermann90,mackeown97}. The thermodynamic equilibrium at each temperature, corresponding to the minimization of the free energy of the system, is obtained by the Metropolis algorithm \cite{metropolis53}. In this algorithm, the spins are examined individually. A site $i$ is randomly chosen and a unit vector $\mathbf{u}_{i}$ defined by the random choice with uniform distribution of its $z$-component $u_{i} \in [-1,1]$ and an its azimuthal angle $\varphi_{i} \in [0,2\pi[$ is determined. The new spin $\mathbf{S}^{'}_{i}$ is then given by:
$$
\big(S^{x}_{i}\big)^{'} = S_{i} \sqrt{1-u_{i}^{2}} \cos \varphi_{i},
$$
$$
\big(S^{y}_{i}\big)^{'} = S_{i} \sqrt{1-u_{i}^{2}} \sin \varphi_{i},
$$
$$
\big(S^{z}_{i}\big)^{'} = S_{i} u_{i},
$$
where $S_{i}=S_{\mathrm{Fe}}$ or $S_{\mathrm{Dy}}$. It has to be noted that this spin trial rotation procedure is isotropic. Then the energy variation $\Delta E$ associated to this rotation is calculated. The next step is the following:

\begin{itemize}
	\item if $\Delta E\leq 0$, the rotation is accepted;

	\item if $\Delta E > 0$, the rotation may be accepted with a probability that is proportional to the Boltzmann factor ${\rm exp}(-\Delta E/k_{\rm B} T)$ in order to take into account the thermal fluctuations.
\end{itemize}

	One MC step consists in examining all spins of the system once. At each temperature, 5000 MC steps were performed to reach the thermodynamic equilibrium, and afterwards the physical quantities were measured by averaging over the next 10000 MC steps. As we are interested in disordered systems, it is necessary to perform simulations on several disorder configurations (typically between 20 and 100) in order to estimate the thermodynamic quantities of a macroscopic system. It is important to note that for saving CPU time, we have limited our simulations to a double bilayer. In order to match up to the experimental system (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm), we have considered 12 Fe and 6 Dy atomic planes in each bilayer because the ratio of the atomic Fe and Dy radii is around 1.5. Each plane contains 800 atoms (which gives a total number of atoms equal to 28800). Since we are not interested in the critical behaviour, finite size effects have no significant influence on the physical properties under consideration.

\section{Numerical results} \label{sec4}

We present here the magnetic properties of Fe/Dy multilayers with the concentration profiles defined previously (called \textit{abrupt} and \textit{TAP} profiles, see Figure \ref{figure04}). As a first step, since we are interested in the influence of the concentration profile on the magnetic ordering, we have considered a multilayer without any anisotropy term. The next step of this study is then focused on the effect of the magnetic anisotropy on the Dy atoms in the clusters and in the amorphous matrix.

\subsection{Influence of the concentration profile without anisotropy ($D_{\mathrm{Dy}}=0$)}
\begin{figure}\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure06a.eps}}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure06b.eps}}
	\caption{Thermal variation of the magnetic susceptibility for a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) with
 the 2 studied concentration profiles ((a) for the whole sample, (b) per sublattice). The curves for the \textit{TAP} profile result from the average over 4 disorder configurations.}
\label{figure06}
\end{figure}
No anisotropy term has been introduced into the Hamiltonian, this latter is then invariant under any rotation of all the spins. In these samples, the ground states consist of a ferromagnetic Fe layer and a ferromagnetic Dy layer which are antiparallel. These ground states, so called ferrimagnetic, will be considered as a reference in the following. The thermal variation of the magnetic susceptibility for the whole sample and for each sublattice is shown in Figure \ref{figure06} with the \textit{abrupt} and \textit{TAP} concentration profiles. We observe that the \textit{abrupt} profile is characterized by two separate magnetic ordering at respectively $285$K and $150$K corresponding to the Fe layer and the Dy layer. The Dy susceptibility curve (Figure \ref{figure06}(b)) exhibits a shoulder at $T \sim 280$K related to the polarisation, via the exchange interaction, of the Dy atoms located in the neighbourhood of the interface. For the \textit{TAP} profile, the two sublattices order at the same temperature ($325$K). The shoulder of the Dy susceptibility curve  below the peak temperature corresponds to the more concentrated Dy planes. The thermal variation of the magnetisation of the whole Fe/Dy multilayer (Figure \ref{figure07}(a)) is strongly influenced by the concentration profile even if the concentration of each specie is the same in the two cases ($X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=2/3$).

\begin{figure}\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure07a.eps}}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure07b.eps}}
	\caption{Thermal variation of the reduced magnetisation for a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) with the 2 concentration profiles ((a) for the whole sample, (b) per sublattice). $M_{{\rm ferrimagnetic}}$ (a) corresponds to the ground states with antiparallel Fe and Dy layer magnetisations whereas $M_{{\rm sat}}$ (b) is the saturated magnetisation of each ferromagnetic sublattice.}
\label{figure07}
\end{figure}
 We note in the case of the \textit{abrupt} profile the presence of a compensation point at $T=175$K when the two sublattice magnetisations are antiparallel with the same modulus. Concerning the \textit{TAP} profile, the magnetic ordering is continuous and smooth because of the mixing of the two species.

\subsection{Influence of the magnetic anisotropy: sperimagnetic order}

\subsubsection{Metastable states}

The ground states result from the competition between exchange interactions and magnetic anisotropy. The exchange interactions lead to a collinear order in these systems since there is no frustration whereas the magnetic anisotropy favours a angular distribution of the magnetic moments. Then the ground states are expected to be sperimagnetic with a cone angle that should increase with the anisotropy constant $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$.

As it has been described in the section \ref{sect_clustermodel}, due to the locally ordered clusters, the average orientation of the moments should be perpendicular to the layers. Because of the competition between exchange and anisotropy energies, numerical convergence towards metastable states at low temperature can occur during the simulation, mainly in the case of small cluster concentrations and small values of $D_{\rm Dy}$.

Figure \ref{figure08} shows the histograms over 100 chemical disorder configurations of the perpendicular magnetisation component of the Dy sublattice for a multilayer with the \textit{TAP} profile  at $T=1$K. The concentration of ordered clusters is of $10\%$ and $D_{\rm Dy}/k_{\rm{B}}=10$K. Without any  random magnetic anisotropy (RMA) on the Dy atoms of the matrix (Figure \ref{figure08}(a)), we observe a sharp distribution at $\vert M_{\mathrm{Dy}}^{z} / M_{\mathrm{Dy}}  \vert \sim 1$ which means that the magnetisation of the Dy sublattice is perpendicular to the layers for all disorder configurations. The introduction of RMA on the Dy atoms of the matrix leads to a broader distribution $P(\vert M_{\mathrm{Dy}}^{z} / M_{\mathrm{Dy}} \vert)$ (Figure \ref{figure08}(b)). In particular, some disorder configurations exhibit a magnetisation which is clearly non perpendicular to the layers. This phenomenon is less pronounced when the anisotropy constant $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$ increases (Figure \ref{figure08}(c)). Anyway, this problem has been overcome, by decreasing the cooling rate during the simulation and also increasing the number of MC steps at each temperature.
\begin{figure}\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{figure08.eps}
}
\caption{Histograms over 100 disorder configurations at $T=1$K of the perpendicular magnetisation component of the Dy sublattice measured with the \textit{TAP} profile, a concentration of clusters of $10\%$  ((a) without any RMA and $D_{\rm Dy}/k_{\rm{B}}=10$K, (b) with RMA on the matrix Dy atoms and $D_{\rm Dy}/k_{\rm{B}}=10$K, (c) with RMA on the matrix Dy atoms and $D_{\rm Dy}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K).}
  \label{figure08}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Influence of the concentration profile for different $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$ values}
Here we have studied the influence of the magnetic anisotropy constant on the Dy sites in a multilayer containing $5\%$ of locally ordered clusters which means that only $3.5\%$ of Dy atoms exhibit uniaxial anisotropy (on average).

$\bullet$ \underline{Abrupt profile}

\begin{figure}\centering
{\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure09a.eps}
\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure09b.eps}}
	\caption{Thermal variation of the reduced magnetisation for a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) with an \textit{abrupt} concentration profile containing 5$\%$ of clusters for different values of the Dy anisotropy constant $D_{\rm Dy}$ ((a) total magnetisation, (b) Fe and Dy sublattice magnetisations).}
    \label{figure09}
\end{figure}
We firstly presente the results concerning the \textit{abrupt} concentration profile. Figure \ref{figure09} shows the thermal variation of the global magnetisation and of the Fe and Dy sublattices for different values of $D_{\rm Dy}$. We observe a strong influence of $D_{\rm Dy}$ on the low temperature magnetisation ($T<T_{\rm comp}=175$K) (Figure \ref{figure09}(a)), especially on the Dy sublattice, its influence on the Fe sublattice being imperceptible (Figure \ref{figure09}(b)). This phenomenon can be understood by the fact that the magnetic ordering process above $T_{\rm comp}$ is essentially due to the Fe magnetic moments which do not display any magnetic anisotropy. Below $T_{\rm comp}$, both the low-temperature global magnetisation and the Dy sublattice magnetisation decrease when the anisotropy constant increases. This is due to the increase of the non collinearity of the Dy moments, that is a sperimagnetic order already described in the literature in similar systems \cite{coey78,hansen89}. These magnetic configurations are qualitatively shown in Figure \ref{figure10} for three values of $D_{\rm{Dy}}$. The angular distribution of Dy moment is broader in the core of the Dy layer whereas it is the contrary for the Fe moments which are more misaligned close to the interface because of Fe-Dy coupling.

\begin{figure}\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{figure10.eps}}
	\caption{Schematic representation of the magnetic order at low temperature in a multilayer with an \textit{abrupt} concentration profile for 3 different anisotropy constant values $D_{\rm Dy}$.}
	\label{figure10}
\end{figure}

$\bullet$ \underline{TAP profile}\\
The influence of the concentration profile on the sperimagnetic order has been investigated, using the previously defined \textit{TAP} profile. Figure \ref{figure11} shows the thermal variation of the global magnetisation and of the Fe and Dy sublattices for a concentration of ordered clusters of $5\%$ and different values of $D_{\rm{Dy}}$.
\begin{figure}\centering
{\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure11a.eps}
\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure11b.eps}}
	\caption{Thermal variation of the reduced magnetisation for a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) with a \textit{TAP} concentration profile containing 5$\%$ of clusters for different values of the Dy anisotropy constant $D_{\rm Dy}$ ((a) total magnetisation, (b) Fe and Dy sublattice magnetisations).}
    \label{figure11}
\end{figure}

As in the case of the \textit{abrupt} profile, we observe a decrease of the global magnetisation of the multilayer when $D_{\rm{Dy}}$ increases but this decrease is much less marked than in the previous case. Indeed, we note that the magnetisation of the Dy sublattice is less influenced by $D_{\rm{Dy}}$ whereas a small effect on the Fe sublattice can be seen when $D_{\rm{Dy}}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K. It means that as the layers are more mixed, the influence of the RMA on the Dy atoms is partially transmitted to the Fe sublattice which displays also a low temperature non-collinear magnetic order (Figure \ref{figure12}). We can see that, at least for $D_{\rm{Dy}}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K, the angular distribution of the Fe moments broadens while those of the Dy moments sharpens.
\begin{figure}\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{figure12.eps}}
	\caption{Schematic representation of the magnetic order at low temperature in a multilayer with a \textit{TAP} concentration profile for 3 different anisotropy constant values $D_{\rm Dy}$.}
	\label{figure12}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{Influence of the concentration profile on the magnetisation profiles ($D_{\mathrm{Dy}}/k_{\mathrm{B}}=50$K)}

\newpage
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.57\textwidth]{figure13.eps}}
\caption{Reduced magnetisation of each atomic plane of a multilayer at low temperature ($T=1$K) with the \textit{abrupt} concentration profile containing $5\%$ of clusters and $D_{\rm{Dy}}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K. Distribution of the perpendicular magnetic component in the Dy layer and in the Fe layer ((a) Dy - core plane; (b) Dy - interface plane; (c) Fe - interface plane; (d) Fe - core plane).}
\label{figure13}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=0.57\textwidth]{figure14.eps}}
	\caption{Reduced magnetisation of each atomic plane of a multilayer at low temperature ($T=1$K) with the \textit{TAP} concentration profile containing $5\%$ of clusters and $D_{\rm{Dy}}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K. Distribution of the perpendicular magnetic moment component in the Dy sublattice and in the Fe sublattice ((a) plane 16 - $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.50$; (b) plane 24 - $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.90$) }
\label{figure14}
\end{figure*}
\newpage

 In order to get a quantitative analysis of the sperimagnetism, we have calculated the magnetisation for each plane and the histogram of the perpendicular component of the magnetic moments for each plane and each sublattice. Since the sperimagnetism is more pronounced for $D_{\rm{Dy}}/k_{\rm{B}}=50$K, we have chosen this case. The results obtained at $T=1$K are shown in Figures \ref{figure13} and \ref{figure14} for the \textit{abrupt} and \textit{TAP} profiles respectively.

For the \textit{abrupt} profile, we clearly see the evolution of the magnetisation per plane which is not homogeneous inside the multilayer (Figure \ref{figure13}). The decrease of the magnetisation is related to the broadening of the distribution of the perpendicular component of the atomic moments as mentioned previously. More precisely, far from the interface, the distribution is very broad in the Dy atomic planes (Figure \ref{figure13}(a)) due to the large value of the ratio  $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}/J_{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}}=7.7$. At the interface, the distribution width is minimum in the Dy layer (Figure \ref{figure13}(b)) whereas it is maximum in the Fe layer (Figure \ref{figure13}(c)) because of the strong Fe-Dy coupling. Finally, the distribution is close to a Dirac peak in the core of the Fe layer since there is no magnetic anisotropy (Figure \ref{figure13}(d)).

In the case of the \textit{TAP} profile (Figure \ref{figure14}), the variation of the magnetisation per plane for each sublattice is different from the previous case since it depends on the local concentration. We observe that the magnetisation of the Fe sublattice reaches a maximum for the high-concentrated Fe planes ($X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.9$) whereas for the Dy sublattice, the magnetisation per plane exhibits a maximum for a plane with $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}$ close to $0.4$. This agrees with the distribution of the perpendicular component of the magnetic moments for the Dy sublattice which is significantly sharper in planes with  $X_{\mathrm{Fe}}=0.4$. Contrarily, for the Fe sublattice, the distribution is sharper in the rich Fe planes. In order to explain these features, we have reported in Table \ref{Tab_1}, the magnitude of each energy term (per atom) defined as:
$$E_{\mathrm{RMA}}^{\mathrm{Dy}} = (1-X_{\mathrm{Fe}}-X_{\mathrm{Dy}}^{\mathrm{cluster}} ) D_{\mathrm{Dy}} S_{\mathrm{Dy}}^{2},$$
$$E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}} = (1-X_{\mathrm{Fe}})^{2} J_{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}} S_{{\mathrm{Dy}}}^{2},$$
$$E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Dy}} = X_{\mathrm{Fe}}(1-X_{\mathrm{Fe}}) J_{\mathrm{Fe-Dy}} S_{\mathrm{Fe}}S_{\mathrm{Dy}},$$
$$E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Fe}} = X_{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2}  J_{\mathrm{Fe-Fe}} S_{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2},$$
where $X_{\mathrm{Dy}}^{\mathrm{cluster}}$ is the Dy atomic fraction in the clusters. In the 24$^{\mathrm{th}}$ plane (rich-Fe plane), the coupling between the Dy and Fe sublattices is weak, then the Fe moments are almost collinear whereas the Dy moments are strongly out of line due to the large ratio ${E_{\mathrm{RMA}}^{\mathrm{Dy}}}/{E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}}+E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Dy}}} \sim 5.2$. Concerning the 16$^{\mathrm{th}}$ and 13$^{\mathrm{th}}$ atomic planes, the Dy-Fe sublattice coupling is strong and the possible sperimagnetism of the Dy sublattice (due to the very large $E_{\mathrm{RMA}}^{\mathrm{Dy}}$ value) could be transmitted to the Fe sublattice. The main difference between these two planes is the ratio $E_{\mathrm{RMA}}^{\mathrm{Dy}}/(E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}} + E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Dy}}) $ which is about 1.9 and 2.1 in the 13$^{\mathrm{th}}$ and 16$^{\mathrm{th}}$ atomic planes respectively. This explains why the magnetic configuration is more collinear in the 13$^{\mathrm{th}}$ plane than in the 16$^{\mathrm{th}}$ plane. The comparison of these two values with those of the 24$^{\mathrm{th}}$ plane accounts for the more marked sperimagnetism of the Dy sublattice in this latter.

\begin{table}[!ht]
\caption{\label{Tab_1}Random magnetic energy and exchange interaction energy for 3 typical atomic planes for the \textit{TAP} profile.}
\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
\hline
plane &$X_{\mathrm{Fe}}$ &$E_{\mathrm{RMA}}^{\mathrm{Dy}}$ (K) & $E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Dy-Dy}}$ (K) & $E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Dy}}$ (K) & $E_{\mathrm{exch}}^{\mathrm{Fe-Fe}}$ (K) \\
\hline
13 &0.65&  102.34&  4.97 & 49.25 & 49.34 \\
16 &0.50 & 146.88 & 10.16 & 61.14 & 21.77 \\
24 &0.90 & 29.30 & 0.41 & 5.24 & 86.29 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

These results evidence that the magnetisation profile along the multilayer is not homogeneous, which has already been observed experimentally on these samples from polarized neutrons reflectivity measurements \cite{tamion07}. We would like to emphasize that unlike what is mentionned in several papers \cite{coey76,gu90,ishio93}, our results indicate that the atomic moment distribution around the mean magnetisation direction in each plane is not uniform but rather gaussian for the two concentration profiles.

 \subsubsection{Influence of the cluster concentration}
The influence of the cluster concentration also has been investigated for $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}/k_{\mathrm{B}}=50$K in the case of the \textit{TAP} profile.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
{\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure15a.eps}
\includegraphics[angle=-90,width=0.4\textwidth]{figure15b.eps}}
	\caption{Thermal variation of the reduced magnetisation for a multilayer (Fe 3nm/Dy 2nm) with a \textit{TAP} concentration profile for $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}/k_{\mathrm{B}}=50$K for different cluster concentrations ((a) total and sublattice magnetisation, (b) magnification of the sublattice magnetisation).}
\label{figure15}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{figure15} shows the thermal variation of the reduced magnetisation for such a multilayer for different cluster concentrations. The increase of the cluster concentration from 5\% to 20\% has no influence on the global magnetisation: the three curves for each concentration are superimposed at each temperature (Figure \ref{figure15}(a)). Looking more precisely at the sublattice magnetisations at low temperature (Figure \ref{figure15}(b)), we note a very small increase of each sublattice magnetisation as the cluster concentration rises. Quite surprisingly, the cluster concentration has no significant effect on the angular distribution of the moments unlike the anisotropy constant to which the magnetic order is very sensitive. This result can be interpreted from the strong influence of the exchange interactions in these multilayers which induce a global behaviour of the magnetic moments as previously seen.

\section{Conclusion} \label{sec5}
 In order to qualitatively describe the macroscopic perpendicular anisotropy, we have used in our model a local structural anisotropy model which induces a perpendicular magnetisation even for very small cluster concentrations. This study has shown using a numerical investigation the influence of the concentration profile on the thermal variation of the magnetisation and on the magnetisation profile for several values of $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$. For the \textit{abrupt} profile, a compensation point can be observed and sperimagnetism occurs essentially in the Dy layer. Concerning the \textit{TAP} profile, the sperimagnetism on the Dy sublattice is not homogeneous and is less pronounced in the rich Dy plane with $X_{\mathrm{Dy}} \sim 0.60$. In a near future, we plan to perform simulations of hysteresis loops in order to explain experimental data by suggesting rotation mecanisms for the magnetic moments in function of the concentration profile, the anisotropy constant $D_{\mathrm{Dy}}$ and the cluster concentration.

\ack
The simulations were performed at the Centre de Ressources Informatiques de Haute Normandie (CRIHAN) under the project No. 2004002. Moreover, the authors are indebted to Dr. Alexandre Tamion for valuable discussions on the experimental results.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Clinician and respected East Anglian academic joins NSFT Board | News and events
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Clinician and respected East Anglian academic joins NSFT Board
A professor with a clinical background in mental health and extensive experience of developing new and better ways to deliver clinical services is joining the region's mental health service as its first associate non-executive director for partnerships.
Professor Sally Hardy, who has a background as a mental health nurse, researcher, and educator, joins Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust on 9 January 2023.
The mental health trust has a clear improvement plan in place that focuses on how the organisation can better and more consistently deliver excellent, safe care and make lasting changes to improve staff and service user experience across the mental health and learning disability services it delivers for people in Norfolk and Suffolk. Professor Hardy's role will help the Trust as it seeks to make changes to how it works, including working more closely in partnership with other parts of the NHS, social care, the voluntary sector and local communities.
Professor of Mental Health and Practice Innovation and former Dean of the School of Health Sciences at the University of East Anglia, Sally has spent over 40 years working in health care and higher education organisations.
Zoë Billingham, Chair of NSFT, said: "I am delighted Sally is joining us. She brings an additional clinical perspective, depth of experience, and knowledge of leading change across complex organisations and services that will be valuable as we continue to improve our services. We are committed to making lasting change to deliver services that our communities deserve."
Professor Hardy, who will be in post for three years, said: "I am really looking forward to joining the team. I bring a fresh pair of eyes and understand the challenges NSFT faces and what the Trust wants to achieve. I also see the opportunities for improving health and care by engaging with other NHS and social care organisations in Norfolk and Suffolk, working together in new ways brings many exciting possibilities."
Howard Tidman, Lead Governor at NSFT, said: "I am very pleased Sally is joining us. She will be the second board member with a clinical background that we have appointed in the last month, and her experience in transformation will be key to helping us improve. This important appointment also enables us to create an even stronger relationship with our partner organisation, Norwich UEA."
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I am impulsive. I always have been.
Back when I was much younger though, my impulsivity sometimes got me into trouble. I acted, far too often, without thinking. Now though, I feel in many ways, that my impulsivity serves me well. Impulsivity, is perhaps the counterpoint to over-procrastination.
We have, in my view, perhaps too much choice available to us - in many areas of our lives. Too many breakfast cereals, too many houses to choose from, to many superannuation funds to invest in, too many health-care providers, cars, sound systems, etc.
Having to decide between so many options - often leads us to be paralysed - and ironically, we can ending up choosing nothing.
Too much choice also offers up much more opportunity for regret afterward - did we doin the right thing; would that other car have been better? Etc.
With more choice we also personally, become more personally responsible for our level of satisfaction/happiness.
So, what I once called 'impulsivity' - I now call 'pulling the trigger'. I choose - I do it quickly. I live happily with the result. Just saying!


text:
package at.ac.tuwien.big.xmlintelledit.intelledit.scope;

import at.ac.tuwien.big.xmlintelledit.intelledit.transfer.ETransferrable;
import at.ac.tuwien.big.xmlintelledit.intelledit.transfer.EcoreTransferFunction;

public class ComparablePairImpl<T,U extends Comparable<U>> implements ComparablePair<T, U> {
	private T solution;
	private U quality;

	public ComparablePairImpl(T solution, U quality) {
		this.solution = solution;
		this.quality = quality;
	}

	@Override
	public T getSolution() {
		return solution;
	}

	@Override
	public U getQuality() {
		return quality;
	}

	@Override
	public ComparablePairImpl<T,U> clone() {
		return new ComparablePairImpl<>(solution, quality);
	}

	@Override
	public void transfer(EcoreTransferFunction func) {
		solution = (T)ETransferrable.transfer(solution, func);
		quality = (U)ETransferrable.transfer(quality, func);

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
← Cheese Stuffed Pull-Apart
Question of the day from Jenny →
Another Slippery Slope
Posted on February 21, 2012 by Laura
Ok, there have been a LOT of these happening lately. This particular video is of a lady Airman(?) asking Tim Tebow to a Military Ball in Louisiana. But there have been others, asking Justin Timberlake, Mila Kunis, even Betty White.
When I heard about the first one, maybe a year or so ago, I thought, "how cute. I hope the celeb says yes," and "it's about time Hollywood started giving some time to the Troops." But then there was a deluge. Everyone was asking a celebrity to a ball. And now my position has changed on it.
I still think it's a cool thing, if a celeb agrees to go. It's a fulfillment of most teenage dreams to walk into that ball with That Star on your arm. But I'm really kind of over the whole public spectacle of asking a celebrity via You Tube. First, it's putting that celebrity on the spot (more on this in a minute), and second, we're getting to a point where celebs are going to have to say no, just because how do you choose? When two or three or ten people record a video asking you to go, who gets the "yes"?
I have started looking at this like I view the Jumbotron Marriage Proposal. Guy takes girl to basketball game. The "Kiss Cam" zooms in on them, and guy drops to a knee and proposes. Girl is shocked – this is WAAAY too soon, and she knows he's only doing it to get on that stupid camera, but what is she supposed to do? Say yes now, so as not to humiliate him, but then have to say no later? Say no and completely humiliate him, thereby probably wrecking the relationship forever?
In the celeb-YouTube Invite, particularly this one inviting Tim Tebow, I can see trouble a-brewing. Tim is already a highly controversial figure, since he has the audacity to pray and confess his belief in God. What is going to happen if he doesn't want to attend the ball with this girl, for whatever reason? Suddenly, the press will paint him as even more evil than he already is. Unless he has an ironclad 'previous engagement', how can he turn her down?
I wish they'd stop these. Maybe Hollywood should set up some sort of channel for reaching celebs. Maybe Match.com could donate some bandwidth to matching up soldiers with sympathetic Celebs, I don't know. But this public thing is getting old. Or maybe I'm just being a crochety old grouch, because I want to go to a ball with a celebrity.
This entry was posted in celebrities, Military, you tube and tagged Airman, Military Ball, Tim Tebow. Bookmark the permalink.
7 Responses to Another Slippery Slope
SKL says:
We can be old and crotchety together. How do you go on a date with someone you don't even know? Makes no sense. Have dinner with, maybe.
Honestly, I think I may be on another planet as far as this goes. I don't get it at all.
Well I, for one, wouldn't date any of those guys.
When this happened for the first time, I thought "oh no, what are people starting?" The talk at that "other site" got nasty. Wasn't Mila Kunis the first one? Then Justin Timberlake came right after that same week. I think. I said that it wasn't fair to those people. What if they had a significant other? Married? I mean really.
There are a lot of things to consider and while it all sounds so wonderful and cozy, I really don't feel it's right to expect a "movie star" to accommodate someone "just because" they're in the military or for any other reason for that matter. What about people who are dying or people who've lost a loved one? Or someone who lost their home in a natural disaster? This can really spider out.
I know how much we owe the military but I think it's unfair of some of these young people to assume a movie star, regardless of other plans or their real life, should just drop everything, pay a lot of money for outfits and travel plans to accommodate you. I think it's very selfish and a huge act of self entitlement. Not to mention the spotlight you put on them "IF" they have to say no. I mean people were threatening to boycott Mila Kunis because she was supposed to start filming a movie and the backlash led her to change her mind. How fair is that?
I left the conversation "over there" because once drastic sides are drawn, nobody likes to back down and now we still have it going on and I really don't think it should be allowed. These celebrities are real people just like we are and it's unfair to ask something like this of them.
Also, I don't think it's necessarily the right thing to do "set people up" with people we or they don't know. We don't know if these people are "good" people. What if someone got raped or hurt in some way? We don't know why some people join the military and we don't know if a celeb is going into the bathroom to snort coke. I've known a lot of people in my life who joined the military because it was their last hope. We don't know these people.
At first, I thought, "How sweet!" But now, this is too much and is it ever going to end. Celebs shouldn't feel obligated to take someone to the senior ball, because they're famous. I don't think that's right. And Joy brought up great points, no one really knows these people, the celebrities or the people in the military! I hate when one awesome, sweet gesture is then taken to the extreme and it's not so sweet anymore.
I didn't mention it in the post, but you make a good point, Joy… what if Tebow has a girlfriend? He seems like the kind of guy where even this kind of "innocent" date is still a date, and that wouldn't set well with him. He might consider it infidelity. But he also doesn't want to "out" his girlfriend, considering all the crap that NFL QB Girls get. (Remember all the crap that Jessica Simpson got when she was dating whats-his-name? The Dallas QB. It was *all her fault* that they were losing games.)
I don't have a problem with celebs going to these balls with the Military. I think it's kind of cool, actually. But this trend of asking via YouTube, and making it as public as possible is ridiculous. It would be nice if a channel could be set up for interested Celebs. Like I said, maybe Match.com could get involved… match a Star with a General or something. Hah!! Get it? Star-General!! HAH… hah… oh, nevermind. *I* thought it was funny.
First time occurance is interesting and ingenious(not that it personally fancies me). Second+ time is nothing more than a cheap copy cat.


text:
The Lights Before Christmas
The Venice Christmas Boat Parade Returns Dec. 1
It's the 30th annual parade.
By Pam Daniel 11/27/2018 at 9:36am
Lots of cities have Christmas parades, but Venice has something even better: an annual holiday boat parade, with dozens of watercraft of every size and style decked out for the holidays in dazzling lights and decorations. Spectators line the Intracoastal for miles, so close to the boats that they can see every detail of the seasonal festivities.
This year's parade—the 30th—starts at 6 p.m. Sunday, Dec. 1, just north of the Albee Road Bridge. Many people watch from the many public areas along the parade route, including the North and South Jetties; others settle in for a meal and viewing at one of several waterfront restaurants along the route.
Organizer John Osmulski, who has been running the parade for the last 14 of its 30 years, says that wherever you decide to watch, you can expect "a big show," one that he says gets better every single year. (Osmulski moved to Key West several years ago and says this will be his last year heading up the parade.)
Visit venicechristmasboatparade.com for details about the route, and be sure to arrive early enough to secure prime viewing. And in the unlikely event of rain, the boats will sail the next day, Sunday, Dec. 2.
Holiday Parade


text:
Q: How to globally determine (Seasonal) ARIMA Parameters I have 15-minutely data (96 values per day) over several years for around 340 entities (i.e. 340 data sets or long ts).
Now my task is to forecast a 4-hour window (i.e. 16 observations) for each day in the test set (the last 30% of each entity), for which I use ARIMA models.
In my opinion, it does not make sense to take the whole ts for each entity into account for forecasting the 4-hour window. Because of that, my approach is to take a much shorter period on which I create the Model, for example the last week before the 4-hour window (i.e. 96*7 = 672 Last values).
However, because auto.arima in R takes around 2 minutes to estimate the parameters of the model, I want to estimate the parameters for each entity globally, Meaning: If I have a very long time series (e.g. 105216 data points for an entity), which is stationary and seasonal with a frequency of 96, how would be the approach to determine the Parameters for an ARIMA models which fits best to each 672-data-point-sub-ts (or, more intuitive, each week)?
my initial idea was to loop through each week of the test data, create one model for each week, store the results and compare them for each entity. however, as stated above this takes a lot of time. Is there a better approach?

A: I found an answer to the problem.
for each of the 340 entities, I estimated an initial model using auto.arima, based on the last few values. This model is used for the first forecast of the 16-observation forecast. For the next forecasting period (i.e. on the next day), I use my pre trained model, and pass it to the Arima function, in that way the parameters for each entity do not need to be re-estimated. It seems like the models perform pretty well. Furthermore, the Arima update is quite fast.
some pseudo code:
# day 1
fit <- auto.arima(train, seasonal = TRUE)
train consists of the last 4 days, since data is 15-minutely, 96 values per day. Hence, train is a ts object with frequency = 96.
# all following days
fit <- Arima(train2, model = fit)
Where train2 are the data points in between.


text:
FG Directs Telcos To Bar Outgoing Calls On All Unregistered Lines
April 4, 2022 Tayormania News 0
The federal government has directed telecommunication companies (Telcos) to bar all outgoing calls on unlinked lines from today, April 4, 2022.
Ikechukwu Adinde, the director, of public affairs, NCC and Kayode Adegoke, head, of corporate communications, NIMC, said in a joint statement that the directive to bar all outgoing calls on sims not yet registered and linked with the National Identification Number (NIN) came after several extension of deadlines.
The statement read;
"It would be recalled that President Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR, gave the directive for the implementation and commencement of the exercise in December 2020, as part of the administration's security and social policies. The deadlines for the NIN-SIM linkage has been extended on multiple occasions to allow Nigerians to freely comply with the Policy. The FG also took into consideration the passionate appeals by several bodies – Association of Licensed Telecoms Operators of Nigeria (ALTON), Civil Societies, Professional Bodies and a host of others – for the extension of the deadlines in the past.
"Accordingly, Mr. President graciously approved the many requests to extend deadlines for the NIN-SIM linkage. At this point however, Government has determined that the NIN-SIM Policy implementation can proceed, as machinery has already been put in place to ensure compliance by citizens and legal residents. The implementation impacts on Government's strategic planning, particularly in the areas of security and socio-economic projections."
The post FG Directs Telcos To Bar Outgoing Calls On All Unregistered Lines appeared first on .
Tonto Dikeh and Kpokpogri engage each other in online battle
Bobrisky criticizes fans discrediting Angelique Kidjo for winning her 5th Grammy award ahead of Femi Kuti and others


Cordless One Controls are offered on all Horizons roman shade.
Cordless ONE Control ... it's what you don't see!
Cordless lift system available on all of our Roman shades including Natural Woven Shades, Fabric Roman Shades and Shades of Elegance™ Roman Shades.


text:
'use strict';

var os = require('os');
var DeviceController = require('./DeviceController.js');
var DeviceModel = require('./../model/DeviceModel');

var Firebase = require('firebase');
var chalk = require('chalk');

var config = require('./../config.json');

function ClientController() {
  var deviceController;
  var wrappedDevices = {};

  var firebase = new Firebase(config.firebaseUrl);
  firebase.authWithCustomToken(config.firebaseKey, function(err, authToken) {
    if (err) {
      throw new Error(err);
    }

    var deviceName = os.hostname();
    if (deviceName.indexOf('.') >= 0) {
      deviceName = deviceName.substring(0, deviceName.indexOf('.'));
    }
    var fbMonitor = firebase.child('monitor/' + deviceName);
    fbMonitor.child('clientHeartbeart').set(Date.now());
    setInterval(function() {
      console.log('clientHeartbeart', Date.now());
      fbMonitor.child('clientHeartbeart').set(Date.now());
    }, 90 * 1000);

    deviceController = new DeviceController();
    deviceController.on('DeviceAdded', function(device) {
      wrappedDevices[device.id] = new DeviceModel(
        firebase,
        deviceController.getAdbClient(),
        device.id);
      fbMonitor.child('clients/' + device.id).set(true);
    });
    deviceController.on('DeviceRemoved', function(device) {
      if (wrappedDevices[device.id]) {
        wrappedDevices[device.id].disconnected();
      }
      fbMonitor.child('clients/' + device.id).remove();
      delete wrappedDevices[device.id];
    });
  }.bind(this));

  this.getDeviceController = function() {
    return deviceController;
  };
}

ClientController.prototype.log = function(msg, arg) {
  if (!arg) {
    arg = '';
  }
  console.log(chalk.blue('ClientController: ') + msg, arg);
};

module.exports = ClientController;


text:
<!--

********************************************************************************

WARNING:

    DO NOT EDIT "hylang/README.md"

    IT IS AUTO-GENERATED

    (from the other files in "hylang/" combined with a set of templates)

********************************************************************************

-->

# Supported tags and respective `Dockerfile` links

-	[`0.13.0`, `0.13`, `0`, `latest` (*Dockerfile*)](https://github.com/hylang/hy/blob/49fd49e7ee9fbb9dc8fdc785bc022ca26dd6ff16/Dockerfile)

# Quick reference

-	**Where to get help**:
	[the Docker Community Forums](https://forums.docker.com/), [the Docker Community Slack](https://blog.docker.com/2016/11/introducing-docker-community-directory-docker-community-slack/), or [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/search?tab=newest&q=docker)

-	**Where to file issues**:
	[https://github.com/hylang/hy/issues](https://github.com/hylang/hy/issues)

-	**Maintained by**:
	[Paul Tagliamonte, Hy BDFL](https://github.com/hylang/hy)

-	**Supported architectures**: ([more info](https://github.com/docker-library/official-images#architectures-other-than-amd64))
	[`amd64`](https://hub.docker.com/r/amd64/hylang/), [`arm32v5`](https://hub.docker.com/r/arm32v5/hylang/), [`arm32v7`](https://hub.docker.com/r/arm32v7/hylang/), [`arm64v8`](https://hub.docker.com/r/arm64v8/hylang/), [`i386`](https://hub.docker.com/r/i386/hylang/), [`ppc64le`](https://hub.docker.com/r/ppc64le/hylang/), [`s390x`](https://hub.docker.com/r/s390x/hylang/)

-	**Published image artifact details**:
	[repo-info repo's `repos/hylang/` directory](https://github.com/docker-library/repo-info/blob/master/repos/hylang) ([history](https://github.com/docker-library/repo-info/commits/master/repos/hylang))
	(image metadata, transfer size, etc)

-	**Image updates**:
	[official-images PRs with label `library/hylang`](https://github.com/docker-library/official-images/pulls?q=label%3Alibrary%2Fhylang)
	[official-images repo's `library/hylang` file](https://github.com/docker-library/official-images/blob/master/library/hylang) ([history](https://github.com/docker-library/official-images/commits/master/library/hylang))

-	**Source of this description**:
	[docs repo's `hylang/` directory](https://github.com/docker-library/docs/tree/master/hylang) ([history](https://github.com/docker-library/docs/commits/master/hylang))

-	**Supported Docker versions**:
	[the latest release](https://github.com/docker/docker-ce/releases/latest) (down to 1.6 on a best-effort basis)

# What is Hy?

Hy (a.k.a., Hylang) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language designed to interoperate with Python by translating expressions into Python's abstract syntax tree (AST). Similar to Clojure's mapping of s-expressions onto the JVM, Hy is meant to operate as a transparent Lisp front end to Python's abstract syntax. Hy also allows for Python libraries (including the standard library) to be imported and accessed alongside Hy code with a compilation step, converting the data structure of both into Python's AST.

> [wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy)

![logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker-library/docs/c097f38c6ee48cd13456df8cd853a9d806fff429/hylang/logo.png)

# How to use this image

## Create a `Dockerfile` in your Hy project

```dockerfile
FROM hylang:0.10
COPY . /usr/src/myapp
WORKDIR /usr/src/myapp
CMD [ "hy", "./your-daemon-or-script.hy" ]
```

You can then build and run the Docker image:

```console
$ docker build -t my-hylang-app
$ docker run -it --rm --name my-running-app my-hylang-app
```

## Run a single Hy script

For many simple, single file projects, you may find it inconvenient to write a complete `Dockerfile`. In such cases, you can run a Hy script by using the Hy Docker image directly:

```console
$ docker run -it --rm --name my-running-script -v "$PWD":/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp hylang:0.10 hy your-daemon-or-script.hy
```

# License

View [license information](https://github.com/hylang/hy/blob/master/LICENSE) for the software contained in this image.

As with all Docker images, these likely also contain other software which may be under other licenses (such as Bash, etc from the base distribution, along with any direct or indirect dependencies of the primary software being contained).

Some additional license information which was able to be auto-detected might be found in [the `repo-info` repository's `hylang/` directory](https://github.com/docker-library/repo-info/tree/master/repos/hylang).

As for any pre-built image usage, it is the image user's responsibility to ensure that any use of this image complies with any relevant licenses for all software contained within.


text:
Cymraeg Menu
Part-time courses for adults
Short online courses
Charter, Statutes and Ordinances
cu-logo About Organisation
Our social, economic and cultural impact
Quality marks
University Executive Board
College structure
Honorary Officers
Queen's Anniversary Prizes
Regius Professor
The Royal Society
The Royal Academy of Engineering
The British Academy
The Academy of Medical Sciences
The Academy of Social Sciences
Learned Society of Wales
Academia Europaea
The National Academy of Sciences
All recipients
City of Cardiff
The constitutional framework within which we operate is based upon our Charter, Statutes and Ordinances.
The Charter, first granted in 1884, sets out the purpose and powers of the University. The Statutes amplify the Charter and both the Charter and the Statutes are approved by the Privy Council on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen.
Ordinances support the Charter and Statutes and are created and approved by the Council. Other regulations may be created and approved by Council or by other committees on delegated authority from the Council.
The Charter defines the objects, powers and officers of the University. Embodied within it are fundamental principles such as the University's power to teach, examine, carry out research and award degrees.
The Statutes contain details of the members of the University, officers, and rules concerning statutory bodies.
The Ordinances give practical details concerning the way in which the University is governed within the general framework of the Charter and Statutes, particularly the terms of reference of its committees.
Charter, 30.1 KB
Statutes, 219.0 KB
Ordinances, 525.7 KB
We are an ambitious and innovative university with a bold and strategic vision located in a beautiful and thriving capital city.
Copyright Cardiff University. Registered charity no. 1136855


Windows 7 Forums is an independent web site and has not been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise approved by Microsoft Corporation. Select all rpm -q kmod-atl1e kmod-rcu. So I would definitely go back to the original OS. Welcome to Windows 7 Forums. Atheros Communications AR v1.
Thanks again Paul [root serv Desktop] uname -r 2. Device rev 01 Looks like I am installing the wrong packages?
I did a repair using the disk, also reset CMOS. Reading toshiba satellite l645 ethernet threads, I also tried to download and install kmod-atl1e The strange thing is Fedora works fine, even though ethtool displays the same message "device not found" when searching for driverbut it works It's a Biostar TZ77B motherboard. Are they listed if you run Code: That's going sateplite little backwards on the bit platform toxhiba 32 bit OS only uses up 3.
In device manager there is no wireless adapter in the list. Full time Geek, part time moderator. All times are GMT Device ID pairings the fingerprints for each device.
Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit. Find More Posts by moesalama. Once they have been seen we may have a better understanding of your issue.
Plus the 64 bit OS is much faster. We also provide an extensive Windows 7 tutorial section that covers a wide range of tips and tricks.
There were some issues with Windows Startup.
Network Adapter Not Found This is with a wired ethernet connection. Contact Us Legal Privacy and cookies. Welcome to Windows 7 Forums. Atheros Communications AR v1.
No network adapter found on my toshiba ls windows 7 ultimate. Similar help and support threads.
Everything was installed smoothly and works with the exception of the network adapter. I hope anyone to help me to solve Find More Posts by bassfisher Thank you so toshibs for all your responses! My Network adapter cannot be found?
It seems like I am missing network drivers. After which I cannot get the network on toshiba satellite l645 ethernet CentOS 6. My machine is bit. Select all [b]Realtek Semiconductor Co. So, to paraphrase it in two lines — Code: Also I am toshiba satellite l645 ethernet you have access to my email here at the forum, and I ethrenet you will not take this as an offense, – just wanted to thank you in someway, so please send me your invoice and I will gladly take satellitte of it.
Am I downloading the correct files?


text:
Ludovic Ajorque goes down the Rhine, towards Mainz!
Leave a Comment / sport / By thaipriusclub
The big maneuvers continue at Racing. Whereas Morgan Sanson and Eduard Sobol discovered this Tuesday morning their new environment at La MeinauLudovic Ajorque, he was heading towards Mainz, as revealed by the German site fussballtransfers.com.
7 million euros for Racing
The news has been confirmed by Racing, which will pocket 7 million euros (bonus included) for its Reunion striker, if he passes the medical examination without incident this Tuesday evening, to redeem his year and a half of contract (June 2024).
Arrived in Alsace in the summer of 2018 from Clermont, then in Ligue 2, against 2 million euros, "Ludo" quickly imposed his size in the opposing surfaces and made his sense of goal appreciated. In four and a half seasons and 151 matches in all competitions, he scored 51 goals, including 46 in Ligue 1, and delivered 19 assists.
But this season, his performance had dropped. While the club had granted him a good exit, the proposals already coming from Germany – Hertha Berlin and VfB Stuttgart – had been deemed insufficient. Then an atypical plexus injury sidelined him for five games in September.
A replacement before the end of the month?
In the end, the best director of Racing in the 21st century will have scored only one goal this season, on a penalty in Brest. During the last match, the precious victory in Lyon (1-2) on January 14, he remained on the bench, supporting the thesis of an early departure.
It is now done. In Mainz, currently 14th in the Bundesliga, he will find another ex-Racingman, Anthony Caci, who left free this summer.
It remains to be seen whether Racing will replace its giant with a shaved head before the end of January or whether it will bet on its trio in place, Habib Diallo, Kévin Gameiro and Lebo Mothiba.
HOUSTON LAUKKO PRIZE Race Prediction
Suspected of laundering aggravated tax evasion, Bernard Laporte is released from police custody
The Traveler – The Naked King streaming – Replay France 3
RB Leipzig crush Schalke 04 in the Bundesliga
the connection problems discussed without real solutions proposed


text:
ABOUT US HOW IT WORKS WHO WE ARE TESTIMONIALS PRESS
HOME: Humanitarian Organization for Migration Economics
The Humanitarian Organisation for Migration Economics (HOME) is a registered society and charity with Institution of Public Character status. It is dedicated to upholding the rights of migrant workers in Singapore, providing them with social support services and education programmes. HOME's activities are aimed at creating an inclusive society which upholds the principles of equality and non-discrimination.
We assist migrant workers who are abused and/or exploited. Unpaid salaries, excessive working hours, work injuries, physical, verbal and psychological abuse are some of the problems these workers face. Some of these workers may also be victims of human trafficking.
Migrant workers play a vital role in contributing to Singapore. Most low wage migrants occupy positions in the construction, marine, manufacturing, service and conservancy sectors. A significant number of women are domestic workers. Our services provide aid and support to migrants who have been abused and mistreated in Singapore.
H.O.M.E. works with government agencies, civic groups, corporations and other community partners to realise our vision. www.home.org.sg
Website: http://www.home.org.sg/
I want to subscribe to your newsletter:
Gift-it-Forward Pte. Ltd. © Copyrights Reserved 2020. All Rights Reserved.


Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is one of the most important causes of drug withdrawal in the process of Drug Discovery. The low correlation of the in vitro cytotoxicity studies with human hepatotoxicity, especially in the early stages of Drug Development, makes human hepatotoxicity difficult to predict. Therefore, new methods and models to predict hepatotoxicity are needed.
Zebrafish shows a great potential to be used in early stages of discovery, thanks to its properties that include transparency, easiness to treat with compounds, high similarity with other vertebrates, cost-effectiveness and possibility to generate transgenic lines targeting specific organs and pathways. The zebrafish model has been extensively used in the field of toxicology and developmental biology. Mechanisms that occur during the Development process have been characterized, leading to an important knowledge about the signaling pathways that govern zebrafish liver function.


text:
Q: Give an example of a divergent series $\sum a_n$ such that $\sum a_{3n}$ is convergent. Give an example of a divergent series $\sum a_n$ such that $\sum a_{3n}$ is convergent.
I am not able to find such example. Please help.

A: $$a_n=\sin(\frac{n\pi}3)$$
Clearly, $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$$ is analogous to $1-1+1-1+1-\cdots$ which does not converge but
$$a_{3n}=0$$ for all $n$ and $$\sum 0=0$$ (or rigorously the sequence of partial sum is a sequence of zeroes, thus the limit of the infinite sum is zero).


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

   	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:kafka.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true" />

	<bean id="consumerProperties"
		class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">
		<property name="properties">
			<props>
				<prop key="zookeeper.connect">${zookeeper.connect}</prop>
				<prop key="zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms">15000</prop>
				<prop key="zookeeper.session.timeout.ms">15000</prop>
				<prop key="group.id">${group.id}</prop>
				<prop key="auto.commit.interval.ms">${auto.commit.interval.ms:60000}</prop>
				<prop key="auto.offset.reset">smallest</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="consumerConfig" class="kafka.consumer.ConsumerConfig">
		<constructor-arg index="0" ref="consumerProperties" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="kafkaMessageConsumer" class="com.appleframework.jms.kafka.KafkaMessageConsumer" init-method="init">
		<property name="consumerConfig" ref="consumerConfig" />
		<property name="topic" value="${consumer.topic}" />
		<property name="partitionsNum" value="16" />
	</bean>

</beans>