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[n.b. This post was originally written in 2009 and hasn't been updated to reflect changes in the Twitter service and new tools that have been developed and offered since that time. For a more current introduction to Twitter I would recommend Michael Hyatt's excellent Beginner's Guide to Twitter. Sal.]
Twitter (www.twitter.com) is a social networking Web site that is frequently described as a micro-blogging service. A large community of users and application developers are actively working on interfaces to the Twitter service.
What is Twitter good for? Well, it can be used as a feed for news sources or other information that is interesting to you, and to connect with friends or colleauges. After using it for a while you are also likely to find that Twitter helps you to express those thoughts that would typically go unnoticed.
CommonCraft.com has very simple way of describing Twitter in a video here.
A more detailed description of the Twitter service, its history, and some of its terminology can be found on the Wikipedia Twitter page. Dom Sagolla, one of the founders of Twitter, wrote an interesting inside perspective story on how Twitter was born.
There is an etiquette to using Twitter and posting information. Here's some important things to know:
Everyone on Twitter has a username. If you know their username you can access someone's Twitter page with the URL http://www.twitter.com/username.
A posting on Twitter is typically called a "tweet."
Following someone on Twitter means that you will see their tweets on your Twitter home page. Similarly, anyone who is following you can see your tweets on their Twitter home pages.
Starting a tweet with @username means that you are "replying" to username. Your followers will be able to see the replies that you send to others, however, others can not see the replies sent to you.
A "direct message" is a private tweet that is sent directly to a Twitter username. Direct messages start with the letter "D" followed by username. For example: D username Thanks for teaching me Twitter.
If you view an interesting tweet it is customary to "re-tweet" the message giving credit to the original poster. To re-tweet begin the message with "RT" or "RETWEET" followed by the username with an @-sign. For example: RT @username It's cold and sunny today in NY.
Hash tags are arbitrary words that begin with a #-sign that are added to a tweet to make it easier to find in a Twitter search. For example: I love my new Apple notebook computer. #MacBookPro
The Help and Support section of the Twitter Web site has additional documents that describe the Twitter service. You can access several Getting Started type documents here.
Below is a growing list of resources for Twitter users.
Online Tools, Services, and Web Sites
Twitpic let's you share photos on Twitter. Many popular Twitter applications automatically interface with Twitpic and allow you to add photos to your tweets which are converted to Twitpic URLs. When you login to the Twitpic Web site an email address is created for you to send your photos to the service as attachments. Emailing your photos to Twitpic is probably the best way to use the service since the subject of your message is used as the caption for the photo and Twitpic will automatically post a tweet for you that will include a hyperlink to the photo attached to the message. Check your Settings page on Twitpic to find the email address for your account.
If you're an active user of social networking sites, SocialToo is a Web site that can help you manage your online interactions for Twitter and Facebook. For Twitter, SocialToo includes features such as online surveys, auto-follow/unfollow, and direct messages to welcome new followers. With SocialToo you can also setup a daily stats message to be received by email.
Twitter limits postings to 140 characters. Twitlonger is a service that accepts arbitrary text content greater that the Twitter limit and automatically breaks it down into several smaller postings acceptable to the Twitter format.
Mr. Tweet is probably best described as a Twitter service, here's how it works. You follow MrTweet and a few minutes later he sends a direct message to you with a hyperlink that includes a customized report with suggestions of people to follow. The report includes stats such as the ratio of followers/following and average number of tweets per day to help you decide if you would like to follow MrTweet's suggestions. The service is a very convenient way to identify new people to follow with relevant interests to yours. MrTweet also has a separate marketing Web page here.
Yammer is described as Twitter for companies; it allows the exchange of short messages between groups within an enterprise. Sign-up is through your business email address which is how Yammer identifies users working for the same company.
Twittercounter is a Web site that reports on the number of followers for Twitter users. The site also supplies application code that can be added to blogs and Web pages to automatically display a counter in widget format for a specified Twitter user.
Dan Zarrella, a "social and viral marketing scientist, runs the ReTweet Mapper on his blog. The Mapper reports on the most retweeted users by hour, day, and week. The service is currently in beta, so check Dan's blog in case the URL moves.
Tweetree creates a tree format out of a Twitter timeline so that @reply messages can be viewed within the context of a conversation.
TwitterTrail allows you to enter a topic (such as "pair programming," or "Twitter Favorites") and searches the Twitter feed to display the top users on the subject. The users returned are ranked by the number of times they have tweet'ed about the topic.
Twitoria scans the people you're following and reports on the number of days since their last tweet. You can select the timeframe in periods of several weeks or months up to one year. Twitoria can help you decide which people to unfollow based on their activity.
MyTweetSpace helps to create a custom background for your Twitter home page. You can select from many available background themes, upload a photo / badge to customize your background, and the Web site will upload the new background image to your Twitter profile (if you enter your Twitter username and password).
Browser Addins and Desktop Applications
TweetDeck is an Adobe Air desktop application that allows for configurable searches and views of Twitter timelines. If you follow a lot of people on Twitter, or if you're looking for a way to manage a high volume of Twitter messages, TweetDeck is can be very helpful.
Twitzer is a Firefox extension which lets you post text longer than 140 characters to Twitter.com. It can also convert TinyURL.com links to actual links so that you are sure what link will open. Twitzer can be downloaded from http://shorttext.com/twitzer.aspx.
TwitterFox (previously known as TwitterNotifier) is a Firefox extension that notifies you of your friends' tweets on Twitter.com. The extension adds a tiny icon on the status bar which notifies you when your friends update their tweets. It also provides a small text input field to update your tweets and convert URLs to TinyURL.com format. TwitterFox can be installed from http://www.naan.net/trac/wiki/TwitterFox.
Tweetie is a very feature rich application for the iPhone. It includes all the standard capabilities (tweets, replies, direct messages, etc) but also allows you to view profiles, search, follow/unfollow, and it has an inline Web browser that can email or post URLs. The inline browser also resizes pages using the iPhone's Multi-Touch gestures. At only $2.99 for the download, Tweetie certainly delivers on the features.
Twitterfon and Twitterrific are fully capable Twitter applications for the iPhone. Both are free and can be downloaded from the iTunes App Store.
TWIDROID is a Twitter client for Google's Android mobile device platform. The TWIDROID Web page has a feature list which lists the abilities to follow/unfollow users, send replies and direct messages, photo-posting, custom alert ringtones, and several other useful capabilities.
If you use an Android device here are some other Twitter clients that you can check-out: Twitli, aTweeter, and nanoTweeter.
Guy Kawasaki, the former Apple Fellow and Macintosh Evangelist, is also the author of the How to Change the World blog where he posted the entries How to Use Twitter as a Twool and Looking for Mr. Good Tweet: How to Pickup Followers on Twitter.
The Alltop.com Website, which is described as an online magazine rack of popular topics, has an excellent Twitter resources section located at http://twitter.alltop.com. The Alltop team keeps the information current so it's a good place to check back for new information and updates on Twitter.
Brian Solis writes the PR 2.0 blog and has posted an entry on Twitter tools for communications and marketing professionals here. The list is extensive and would certainly be useful to people in businesses other than marketing.
The makeuseof.com Web site published a list of 15 Twitter resources and references for the 2008 holiday season. "Twittery Things," they call it, includes references to ranking and rating Web sites, alerting and notification services, and ways to advertize on your Twitter feed. You can find the makeuseof.com article here.
17 Responses to "Twitter Resources and Links"
Jay Philips Says:
I do use Tweetie on my iPhone.
A really good tool that I found the other day is Splitweet which allows you to track all of your twitter accounts without contstantly logging in and out. I have my personal account and the site that I am an admin for so Splitweet comes in handy for what I do.
http://splitweet.com/
Thank you for the list.
http://twitter.com/jayphilips
jberrymarketing Says:
Interesting applications. I've heard about tweetdeck, and see many of the people I'm following tweeting from it. I don't have firefox though, am I still able to download it? It does seem to make things easier to organize. I want to follow several different niches, as I'm an internet marketer, so this seems ideal for me.
Its amazing how Twitter has spawned a whole cottage industry like that, just by not providing obvious features on their site.
If they had gone the feature bloat route, nobody would ever have needed to build these applications, and chances are the site would have a fraction of its current traffic.
saieva Says:
TweetDeck is very useful if you are doing a lot of following and you're trying to manage many tweets. With TweetDeck you can setup filters for tweets (which are like custom searches) that will appear in columns. And you can segregate the people you're following into Groups to help you manage the stream of information.
You can certainly download the FireFox browser; it's very current, well supported, and includes may good features. Keep in mind that FireFox is an alternative to Web browsers like Internet Explorer and Safari which are packaged with Windows and Mac computers, respectively. The FireFox download page is located on the Mozilla Web site: http://www.mozilla.com. Once you have FireFox installed, you can use Google to search for and install TwitterFox.
I completely agree. It's another example of how doing the simplest possible thing develops into so many unexpected benefits. They also had the insight to develop the functionality that is delivered on twitter.com through an open API, which created a pretty incredible community.
Frick Says:
I used to use Twhirl but now TweetDeck is my favorite
Hans Suter Says:
I read tweets, facebook, flickr with socialthing, allows to select people and to add colors to them
jeprox Says:
Good article… however, the "Mobile Applications" was too iPhone-centric. I don't know if there are BB &WinMo twitter apps, but I do know about the G1 apps: twidroid is my fav, followed by twitli, aTweeter, and nanoTweeter. If you are going to have a sub-heading named, "Mobile Applications," please be more comprehensive. Otherwise, if you really jut want to name iPhone apps, then name it "iPhone apps." If you think my post is pointless and want to tell me to sod off or whatever, DM me on twitter.com/jeffliwag.
Thao Ly Says:
Great list. Another great one to add is http://www.mrtweet.net/
newmusiclibrary Says:
I think Facebook has locked in the complicated social network and now users are looking for simple things to get their messages across. Twitter is the definition of simple and has become huge because of it.
Thao,
Thanks for the suggestion. I tried-out MrTweet and it appears to be a very useful service. I've added a MrTweet reference to my Twitter Resources and Links page (https://saieva.wordpress.com/twitter-resources-and-links).
Jeprox,
Thanks for the note and for the recommendations of Twitter clients for the Android platform. I checked-out the Android clients that you mentioned and updated my Twitter Resources and Links page (https://saieva.wordpress.com/twitter-resources-and-links). Although I use a Blackberry and iPhone every day, I only use Twitter from my iPhone so I really don't have any hands-on familiarity with Twitter clients on the Blackberry. If you have some Blackberry client suggestions it would be useful to hear your recommendations.
Great article, really enjoyed it!
very much a twitter novice, learning what i can; this is very helpful. appreciate the posting.
Andrew Beeston Says:
You can also check out http://www.hashdictionary.com/ – a dictionary for hashtags on Twitter. Helps you understand those hashtags you can't quite work out.
TOTD #59: How to add Twitter feeds to blogs.sun.com ? + Other Twitter Tools « Miles to go … Says:
[…] are numerous other tools available to manage your Twitter account! What is your favorite […]


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Why and How Should Companies Manage their (…)
Why and How Should Companies Manage their Post‑Crisis Recovery?
Zeïneb Mellouli
Partner, Lawyer
Richard Gaudreault
When Crisis Increases Risk
Since the beginning of the crisis, we have been witnessing a spectacular collective effort marked by solidarity and the determination to ensure everyone's health and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for all levels of government, for employers and for employees.
Employers have had to adapt their methods by changing the way work is organized. The state of emergency caused by the crisis has quickly engendered additional risk exposure. At the same time, employees have generally been understanding and flexible regarding the measures announced by employers.
Going forward, however, employee cooperation, force majeure, and health and safety challenges may no longer be sufficient to maintain the kind of flexibility employers and employees shared during the crisis. As a result, it is important to get back on track right away, taking only calculated risks and returning to the conventional legal framework that governs the employer-employee relationship.
Short-Term Crisis Recovery: Anticipating Challenges and Minimizing Risk
Well organized companies focused on the challenges of recovery will likely be capable of successfully commencing their recovery while keeping any associated risks linked with new measures to a minimum. The following are some suggestions on how to do so:
It is essential to maintain, re-establish and/or preserve an effective, open channel of communication with employees. Workers will need assurance that their return to work is being properly managed and that their health and safety is a top priority for the company.
Develop and implement health and safety measures for workers, or ensure that the measures already in place are adapted to the context of COVID-19. Employers have an obligation to ensure the health and safety of their workers and implement methods to identify, correct and control risks.
Establish a policy for working at home (a subject recently discussed by our expert colleagues).
Expect unusually high rates of absenteeism and work refusal situations and establish a plan to manage problem cases, keeping the rights and obligations of everyone involved in mind. Make sure these measures are applied in a consistent, unequivocal and uniform manner when it comes to your employees.
Train managers on your organization's key messages and positions in order to ensure that you are conveying a unified message. Coaching front-line managers will become even more important in the context of the recovery. Employers can evaluate the potential use of the Quebec government's PACME program (which we have reviewed) as part of their recovery plan.
The most significant challenge businesses will face in the medium-term (and probably in the long-term as well) is the very unstable economic situation and potentially declining employee cooperation.
Though many are current focused on short-term recovery, it is crucial to begin thinking of ways to help our organizations manage the crisis in the medium-term. The economic instability that will characterize this period will also create opportunities. In order to seize them, it is essential for companies to be flexible and agile. Every organization must set a solid action plan in motion now so that their human resources can operate with the flexibility that the unstable economic situation will require.
Our Labour and Employment team is prepared to support companies facing this immense challenge. We can help you. Despite the challenging circumstances, crisis can often reveal new opportunities.
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Brendan Smart
OTG Team Awards: Memphis Grizzlies
AZCentral.com
Even in a lost season, there are a handful of players that make a team watchable. For Memphis, even with the record not being pretty, the Grizzlies had a ton of guys that made the team "cheerable" for fans: guys that made the team fun, guys who came out of nowhere, guys who fired us up, and guys who were rocks through the worst of the worst. Let's see who's who.
Most Improved Player: Delon Wright
Delon Wright was acquired by the Memphis Grizzlies at the trade deadline for Marc Gasol. With more usage, Wright has blossomed with the Memphis Grizzlies. Since his departure from Toronto on February 8th, Wright is averaging 12.0 points, 5.2 assists, and 5.0 rebounds per game. During that time, he helped lead the Grizzlies to a winning season in the month of March, registered his first ever triple-double, and the first ever back-to-back triple double in franchise history. Wright is an easy pick for Memphis' Most Improved Player Award.
Rookie of the Year: Jaren Jackson Jr.
Despite being the fourth overall pick in the draft, Grizzlies rookie big man Jaren Jackson Jr. was labeled a project by most. After appearing in 58 games, Jackson has shown that he is the new face of the Grizzlies franchise, and will be for years. In one of the deepest rookie classes in the last half a dozen seasons, Jackson has justified his draft position. Jackson was shut down after the All-Star break, as a deep thigh bruise ended his campaign sooner than expected, but when he played, Jackson put together quite a rookie season. He averaged 13.8 points, 4.7 rebounds, and a block and a half per game, and showed himself to be the prototype of the modern big-man by hitting nearly 36 percent of his three-pointers. Grizzlies fans can expect more and better from the emerging Jackson, who was the youngest player in the league this year, and has many great seasons ahead of him.
Defensive Player of the Year: Jonas Valanciunas
Jonas Valanciunas missed several games following his trade to Memphis due not only to a thumb injury, but also a passport issue. This limited him to only 19 games on the roster -- but what a quarter of the season it was. Upon debuting with the Grizzlies, Valanciunas took advantage of his increase in minutes, usage rate, and responsibilities. Fans knew Valanciunas could be good, but he has been amazing. His 19.9 points per game don't speak to his defensive prowess, but they are a career high, and indicative of just how central Valanciunas became to the Grizzlies in a very short time. He led the Grizzlies with 10.7 rebounds per game, and added 1.6 blocks as their defensive anchor. Valanciunas may not have seen his trade from East power Toronto to West cellar-dweller Memphis as a boon when it happened, but he will be rolling in the dough this offseason after teams saw his full potential. For Memphis' sake, let's hope that it is in Beale Street Blue.
Sixth Man of the Year: Joakim Noah
Many people wrote Joakim Noah off after a rough stint with the New York Knicks, and it was within their right to do so. He signed a four year, $72 million dollar contract with New York, and played a total of 53 out of the 328 games that deal assumed. His body looked broken, and with all that money lining his pockets, he could have called it quits; to paraphrase Cypress Hill though - he ain't going out like that. He's put in 42 games on Beale Street, and Noah looks like the guy who helped take the Chicago Bulls to the NBA Playoffs for years. Energetic, wild, unpredictable, and consistent each night, Noah can be heard talking to his teammates on the defensive end of the floor well up into the first bowl at FedEx Forum. Noah is a legitimate NBA player again; he has found his niche off the bench with any NBA roster after this season.
Most Valuable Player: Mike Conley
Captain Clutch took it up a notch this season. Mike Conley, who has been consistent on and off the court, was put in a unique situation this season: after anchoring the franchise for years, Conley was very publicly put on the trading block this season. In a situation like that, you see a different side of a lot of guys, but not Conley. Through it all, he stayed true to himself and put the franchise on his shoulders after the trade deadline. After not getting dealt by Memphis at the deadline, Conley went on to pass Marc Gasol for sole possession of the top spot on the Grizzlies All-Time scoring list, and while doing so, earned his first ever Western Conference Player of the Week honor in the month of March. With the franchise headed toward a rebuild, it remains to be seen how long Conley will be in a Grizzlies uniform; what's clear is that every day he puts one on is a welcome one in Memphis.
#NBA #TeamAwards #Grizzlies #BrendanSmart
A Guide on How to Read March Madness Odds
Episode 74: Curry Goes Down With a Shoulder Injury, Kawhi's Back, and The Suns Are Struggling


Setup CI/CD pipeline for large enterprise .
Should be expert in setting it up using Jenkins,Dockers , Elastic Kubernetes as service (EKS).
Should be able to apply all security guidelines.
Should have very good hands-on on AWS .
I had worked on ci /CD pipeline and having hands on for Jenkins github, with ant and maven, docker etc. I have also worked in aws for creating virtual machines etc.
I am fullstack Java/NodeJS developer, providing Frontend/Backend Development/DevOps and linux/windows/macosx/bsd/Cloud/Dockers/VM server administration/performance tuning services. Looking forward to hearing from you!
I am Red Hat Certified Professional in a lot of DevOps Tools, which makes this job quite easy for me.
I am a senior DevOps engineer. I can help you to setup EKS using Terraform. Jenkins for CI. also, I can help you to setup Spinnaker for CD.


Students are required to take a minimum of two core classes (Math, Science, English, or History), and at least two electives. You are not required to attend any classes however, by not attending classes you can't get the necessary credits in order to graduate.
You are required to obtain four credits in order to advance a grade. You must attend at least two classes in order to get the credit for the class.
Once you have completed the four classes, come back here and post links to the four classes.
Note: The classes currently listed in the roster are general categories. You are allowed to take whatever specific classes you want. (i.e. Algebra, Piano Lab level 1, etc.) The roster may be used later to identify teachers who will teach specific classes.


Things got real awkward late last week when Teen Mom 2′s Leah Calvert took to Facebook to address rumors surrounding her marriage. Fine. But it got even weirder when in the same breath, Leah alluded to the fact that her ex Corey Simms' marriage to Miranda isn't as perfect as it seems!
Watch Below: Leah Calvert Calls Jeremy's Other Woman "Pathetic"
"Corey and Miranda may want to be very wise about what they post because a marriage that pretends to be perfect is never perfect," she wrote on her page in response to a post the Simms reportedly posted on their own Facebook page. However, it turns out Miranda and Corey don't even have a Facebook fan account!
After a fan brought Leah's rant to Miranda's attention on social media, Miranda was quick to respond, saying that their account is a fake. "Too bad that fan page is not official or approved by anyone in our family," she tweeted. "We have no idea who runs it…."
Whether or not Leah's accusations are true, Miranda and Corey have been good about keeping their personal business off of social media unlike, um, some other people. Besides, that's what the show is for, right?!
Do you think Leah is just causing trouble? Or do you think Corey and Miranda really are unhappy? Tweet us @OKMagazine.


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The Future of HEVC: It's Coming, but with Plenty of Questions
HEVC is the next-gen compression technology lauded as the enabler for a host of new services and capabilities. I discuss the historical development of HEVC and its technical underpinnings in my article "What Is HEVC (H.265)?" In this article, I'll briefly review those findings and focus on how quickly HEVC will make a mark in streaming media and OTT markets.
HEVC: What We Know
According to multiple studies, HEVC should deliver up to 50% better compression than H.264 in video on demand (VOD) applications, which means similar quality at half the bitrate. In live encoding, which obviously has to be performed in real time, the initial expectations are a 35% bandwidth reduction at similar quality levels. Alternatively, HEVC can also enable larger resolution movies, whether 2K or 4K.
Essentially, these are the two benefits of HEVC in the streaming space. The first relates to encoding existing SD and HD content with HEVC rather than H.264, enabling cost savings and/or the ability to stream higher quality video to lower bitrate connections. The second relates to opening up new markets for ultra-high-definition (UHD) videos.
On the playback side, there are multiple data points, but no real clear picture. Several companies have announced software decoders, but it's unclear how much horsepower is necessary to drive them. The original targets for HEVC were 10x encoding complexity and 2x–3x decoding complexity as compared to H.264, and most sources have confirmed the 10x figure for encoding. Perusing various comments from various sources, decoding complexity has ranged from "same as H.264" to the 2x–3x figure.
Remember, however, that H.264 playback is accelerated in hardware on most playback platforms, including GPU-accelerated playback on computers. According to my source at graphics vendor NVIDIA, "There currently isn't any dedicated [hardware] support for HEVC in our current GPUs. I'm pretty limited to what I can say about future products. But I'll just say that our goal is for our GPUs to support all current video standards. Now, that said, it is quite possible for third parties to write HEVC encoders and decoders using CUDA to use the processing capability of current GPUs."
Though GPU acceleration may be coming, it isn't here yet, so H.264 and HEVC aren't on a level playing field when it comes to accessible playback hardware. Still, according to a source at Qualcomm, Inc., "[W]e are able to get 1080p, 30fps HEVC Main profile video with just a little bit over 50% CPU utilization on a quad-core architecture."
On the mobile side, my source reported, "At CES we showcased Ittiam's ARM based decoder and played back 1080p HEVC and 1080p H.264 videos side by side on recently announced Snapdragon 800 platform. Ittiam's decoder is still in development and will get further enhancement." You can see a video of HEVC playing back on the Qualcomm Snapdragon platform from the Mobile World Congress 2012 at go2sm.com/qualcomm.
According to a report titled "HEVC Decoding in Consumer Devices," senior analyst Michelle Abraham from Multimedia Research Group, Inc. estimated that the number of consumer devices that shipped in 2011 and 2012 that would be capable of HEVC playback with a software upgrade totaled around 1.4 billion, with more than a billion more expected to be sold in 2013. According to Abraham, in compiling these statistics she assumed that all PCs shipped in each year would be HEVC-capable.
HEVC Encoding
I spoke with several encoding companies; many were bullish on HEVC and have either made HEVC-related product announcements (Elemental Technologies, Inc.) or will at NAB. Another made the very cogent comment that the encoding side was always ahead of the game and that the path to actual producer adoption is widespread playback availability.
Speaking of playback, none of the major players — Adobe, Apple, Google, or Microsoft — have announced HEVC playback support in their respective players, browsers, or mobile or desktop operating systems. One reason why — and a potential monkey wrench in at least the short-term HEVC adoption cycle — is that no one knows what it will cost to use HEVC.
Royalty Issues with HEVC
What's clear at this point is that multiple companies have patents relating to HEVC technology, and they plan to ask for royalties from those who use their technology. This was the case with H.264 as well, and though many in the streaming industry grumbled about the royalties, this disgruntlement certainly didn't limit H.264's success.
Two things are different with HEVC. First, where H.264 involved a single group of patent holders administered by MPEG LA, it appears that some HEVC patent holders want to pursue royalties outside of a patent group, which will make it more challenging for HEVC users to license the technologies. According to "Patent Snafus Could Delay New Video Codec," Mediatek and Qualcomm do not want to join the HEVC group formulated by MPEG LA, and Samsung hasn't decided either way.
One chipmaker executive, speaking anonymously for the EE Times article, commented, "HEVC has so many patent holders and some of them say they will not be part of the pool but want to collect royalties themselves. If say 20 people all want to collect royalties it will kill the standard — we need a fixed cost, it cannot be variable," he added.
Beyond this uncertainty, HEVC is coming to the streaming media market much faster than H.264, where royalty policies were in place well before any significant market adaption. To recount, the H.264 spec was approved in March 2003, and MPEG LA announced licensing terms in November 2003. Obviously, when Apple announced support for H.264 in QuickTime 7 in April 2005, royalty policies were firmly in place. Ditto for when Adobe announced that it would include H.264 in Flash in March 2008, and when Microsoft added H.264 to Silverlight in July 2009.
Our contact at MPEG LA reported that while the HEVC group had met three times as of February 2013, there was still no guarantee that a group would be formed or that all patent holders would join the group. So it appears that HEVC early adopters will have to decide to implement the technology without knowing the cost.
For large companies such as Adobe, Apple, Google, and Microsoft, that might be tenable; the H.264 license was capped, and it's reasonable to assume that the HEVC license will also be capped. All four companies can amortize that cost over millions of product units shipped, and I think it's highly likely that one or more of these companies will announce HEVC integration by NAB.
Even the encoding companies that I spoke with commented that they might incorporate HEVC technologies into their encoding tools without knowing the cost, because, as one exec said, "[S]upporting new formats is the race that we run." The exec also noted, however, that this was the first time that they were ever forced to consider embracing a codec without having an idea about the licensing structure.
However, let's get back to the two potential benefits that actual publishers seek from HEVC: cost savings and opening up new products and services. In both cases, it seems unlikely that any producer would use HEVC-encoded video without a known cost structure. Sure, H.264 usage for free internet video is free, but that decision was made under a completely different set of circumstances, and it's doubtful if HEVC usage will be similarly unencumbered.
How H.264 Became Free
A short history lesson will explain why H.264 became free. When the terms of the initial H.264 license were announced, there was a royalty on H.264-encoded video deployed in a pay-per-view or subscription operation. The royalty was not on free internet video, at least through the initial term of the license, which ended Dec. 31, 2010.
The licensing terms attributed this waiver to the fact that the internet streaming market was "still developing," though this is likely disingenuous. The fact of the matter was that the H.264 implementations of that time offered only a slight quality improvement over VP6, the predominant Flash codec, and required more CPU horsepower for playback. There was also no mobile platform such as iOS or Android that wasn't compatible with VP6 that could force producers to use H.264. So 99% of producers were satisfied with VP6 and wouldn't have experimented with H.264 if there was a royalty involved.
In February 2010, MPEG LA extended the royalty moratorium for free internet video through December 2016. In an interview with Streaming Media, MPEG LA president and CEO Larry Horn attributed this decision to the fact that "[t]hough some companies are doing well with advertising supported video, overall the models are still in flux, and the patent group didn't want to plug a royalty into a business model that's still unsettled."
In May 2010, Google announced WebM, an open source alternative to H.264 that offered very similar quality and playback performance. In August 2010, MPEG LA announced that there would be no royalties on free internet usage of H.264 in perpetuity. Though MPEG LA never publicly admitted that the availability of a free, open source solution contributed to this decision, the timing would suggest it did.
Why HEVC Probably Won't Be Free
Fast-forward to 2013. HEVC is ready, and at this point, it has no real competition. Sure, you can point to VP9, but considering how poorly Google executed taking VP8/WebM to market, it's unlikely that any producers — or patent groups — will take it seriously. In 2012, online video advertising jumped to $2.9 billion, so it's tough to say that this market is still in flux.
For these reasons, it seems unlikely that if HEVC enables large publishers to cut their bandwidth costs by 50%, HEVC patent holders wouldn't want their share. It seems equally unlikely that publishers seeking to reduce bandwidth costs via HEVC would start using the technology until the cost structure was known. So HEVC implementation seeking to harvest this benefit is likely on hold pending the announcement.
Now let's look at the potential for HEVC to jump-start new markets for UHD video.
HEVC and UHD Video
Again, I'm focusing my analysis on the streaming and OTT markets, since those are the ones I know best. Even without considering the royalty cost uncertainties, it seems unlikely that HEVC will spawn many new UHD-related products and services over the next 2 or 3 years for three reasons: bandwidth, the lack of 4K displays, and the lack of content.
Let's start with bandwidth. In his blog post "H.265/HEVC Ratification and 4K Video Streaming," compressionist Alex Zambelli, previously with Microsoft and now with iStreamPlanet, estimated that if HEVC produced a 40% bandwidth saving over H.264, a 4K movie would require bitrates of between 12Mbps and 15Mbps. Assuming that HEVC actually produced the 50% target, these numbers would drop to 10Mbps and 12Mbps.
According to the latest Akamai Technologies "State of the Internet" report, for 3Q 2012, the average connection speed in the U.S. was about 7.2Mbps, up from about 6Mbps the previous year. While users connecting on some premium services could handle HEVC's 10Mbps–12Mbps in the short term, it's unclear when a significant portion of the U.S. population will be able to support 4K HEVC movies.
Though the U.S. is far from the performance leader, only South Korea, with an average connection speed of 14.7Mbps, could sustain a 4K movie today, with Japan next at 10.5Mbps. Again, while dedicated satellite or cable networks could certainly carry this load, it's unlikely that the type of shared internet connection used for OTT would be able to in the short term.
'Why 4K TVs Are Stupid'
The second issue relates to the installed base of 4K-capable sets, which obviously will be necessary to view 4K movies. According to analyst DisplaySearch, global shipments of 4K sets will be well under a million in 2013, and just over 2 million in 2014 (see Table 1).
Table 1. Projections of 4K and OLED TVs through 2016
Obviously, these are not inspiring numbers, and as you might have gleaned from the section title, there are those who feel they may be overly optimistic. In a CNET article titled "Why 4K TVs Are Stupid," Geoffrey Morrison ran the math about how much detail your eyes can resolve, and the minimum size of pixels on a screen, and concluded that at a viewing distance of 10′, the difference between 1080p and 4K wouldn't be noticeable on TVs less than 77″ in diagonal. It's a pretty familiar argument, very similar to the 720p versus 1080p debate, where the rule of thumb was that you couldn't tell the difference on TVs 50″ or smaller when watching from farther than 8′ away.
In other words, while 4K TVs might make sense for a home entertainment center or man cave, they probably don't for the typical living room, where mass markets are made. At some point, economies of scale will take over, and 4K sets will be cheaper than 1080p. Until that happens, however, it's hard to predict that 4K sets will fly off the shelves, particularly because of the third item that will hinder 4K sets, and services targeting them — a paucity of content.
No Content for 4K
By the time 1080p TV sets became affordable for the masses, there was plenty of HD content to watch. While ultimately we may say the same thing about 4K TVs, that time is clearly not now, both regarding affordability and content.
A good example of both is the 84″ Sony XBR-84X900 (see Figure 1), which retails for $24,999.99 and includes 10 4K movies from Sony's movie library and a variety of short-form 4K content. To supplement these movies, Sony plans on launching a 4K movie download service in the summer of 2013, potentially delivered on a new Blu-ray Disc standard for 4K movies.
Figure 1. Sony's $25,000 XBR- 84X900 4K TV ships with 10 Sony 4K movies.
Many movies today are being shot in 4K, and many film-based movies can be rescanned for 4K delivery. Beyond this, however, there's very little other 4K content available, and minimal 4K production in sports and general-purpose television. So even those viewers who purchase a sufficiently large 4K monitor so that they can see the advantage over 1080p will have little 4K content to watch.
Of course, many 4K TVs can upsample SD and HD content to 4K, with mixed results. One U.K. reviewer found the results "astonishingly good," while another, more expressive reviewer from Gizmodo commented, "As a result, anyone who spends £20,000 on a 4K TV at the moment will be doomed to watch upscaled HD content. That sucks. You don't spend quite-nice-car cash on a TV, just so you can watch upscaled content."
Note that some of the less expensive 4K TVs, such as Westinghouse Electric Corp.'s $2,499 50″ set, don't come with onboard Smart TV functionality or 4K upscaling technology. In these cases, you'd be dependent upon the upscaling provided by the set-top box, optical disc player, or game console.
What does all of this mean for the UHD OTT market? Overall, even though it seems likely that inexpensive HEVC-capable set-top boxes will be available by the end of 2013, there will be minimal 4K content to watch, few 4K TVs to watch it on, and insufficient bandwidth to deliver it.
Download and Watch
One market that seems potentially ripe for larger-than-1080p viewing is the traditional download to view, particularly given the multiple viewing options. For example, TimeScapes is a film by Tom Lowe featuring slow-motion and time-lapse cinematography of the landscape, people, and wildlife of the American Southwest. Shot in 4K, the movie is available in 10 versions, ranging from SD DVD and 1080p Blu-ray to 4K, including custom versions for 30″ 2560×1440 displays and the MacBook Retina display (2880×1620). It's an innovative strategy that could portend the optimal strategy for UHD movie distribution (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. This 4K movie is available in 10 different versions.
I asked Lowe about how his sales were distributed among the available offerings. He responded, "Actually the '30 inch' 2560×1440 version is selling like hotcakes. Sales have exceeded my expectations, in terms of percentage sold vs Blu-ray, 1080p download, etc. I would say for every one [in] ten 1080p HD downloads we sell, we sell about four 2560 copies. So many people have the Dell and Apple 2560 displays, but have never, ever had any video to play at that resolution."
Interestingly, watching video on tablets and computers seems like the optimal use of 4K screens, as viewers are actually close enough to the device to see the difference. Though it will likely never see the light of day, Panasonic showed an 18.7 x 13.1 tablet computer at CES with a 4K screen — could true 4K tablets be far behind? And once they're available, wouldn't 4K movie downloads from iTunes seem like the natural next step? Once HEVC playback becomes available, it would cut download times and storage space by 50%.
How likely is true 4K viewing on computers? I asked Lowe for his thoughts about computers and tablets as a potential viewing platform. He replied, "I have always believed that 4K monitors are where 4K will really catch on. On a projector, or large TV, you don't notice it as much. On a monitor only a couple feet away, the difference between 1080p and 4K is very striking. I think 4K monitors will catch on fast once they come out, among gamers, Photoshop enthusiasts, and people watching or making high-res video."
What's this add up to? For producers seeking to distribute SD and HD content encoded with HEVC, the lack of a known royalty structure is a major buzzkill. At this point, no one knows whether a single royalty structure will be in place or whether multiple IP properties will pursue royalties independently, or the timing of either of these efforts.
HEVC encoding should be generally available by the end of 2013, if not sooner, and the player-related picture should also be clearer. Though it's impossible to predict what Apple will do, I would be surprised if there wasn't an HEVC decoder for the iPad 3 and MacBook Retina line announced before the end of 2013. Ditto for Adobe announcing HEVC playback in Flash.
Those attempting to leverage HEVC to create new opportunities for the distribution of UHD video have the royalty mountain to climb, as well as a paucity of content and viewing platforms and the lack of bandwidth to deliver the streams. Given the data rates involved, it feels like downloading for viewing is a better short-term model, providing custom resolutions for specific resolution displays.
The increased efficiency that HEVC provides will ultimately make streaming video more affordable and deliverable. However, until the royalty picture clears, it's hard to get excited about any projected cost savings from HEVC. On the UHD side, HEVC is only one piece of the puzzle that must come together to make 4K viewing a reality, and not a very important piece of the puzzle at that.
This article appears in the April/May 2013 issue of Streaming Media magazine as "The Future of HEVC."
Category: ArticlesBy Jan Ozer November 5, 2013
A leading expert on H.264 encoding for live and on-demand production, and as contributing editor to Streaming Media Magazine, has tested most cloud, enterprise and desktop encoding tools, worked with most online video platforms (OVPs) and live streaming services, and many webcast platforms.
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text:
Q: How to access React useContext outside a component? I have all my api functions in a special folder. When I use them, I sometimes have to update the context, which stores the user's informations.
However, the app crashes when I try to access its value directly from within these functions. So I always have to import the context in the component, and then pass the function setUser as a parameter to the api function. It is a bit messy. How to properly access and update the context's state in my api service?
Here is a classic function:

export async function useUpdatePassword(
  email: string,
  password: string,
  token
) {
  const { setUser } = useUser();
  try {
    const res = await ax.post(process.env.SERVER_URL + "/update-password", {
      email,
      password,
      token,
    });
    localStorage.setItem("myapp", res.data.token);
    setUser(jwt_decode(res.data.token));
    return "update password done!!"
  } catch (err) {
    return "error"
  }
}

And my context:

const UserContext = createContext(null);

export default function UserProvider({ children }) {
  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();

  useEffect(() => {
    fetchUser(setUser); // fetch user infos in my db
  }, []);

  return (
    <UserContext.Provider value={{ user, setUser }}>
      {children}
    </UserContext.Provider>
  );
}

export function useUser() {
  return useContext(UserContext);
}

If there is no way to do it with Context, is it possible to use Redux, Jotai or any other library to do so?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Operating hours 8am-6pm Monday through Friday, 8:30am-5:30pm Weekends.


text:
Sometimes destiny can throw you a curveball. This is particularly true in the case of Sarah and Andy, a Tulsa, Oklahoma couple desperatel...
One Week After Couple Adopts Triplets, Husband Gets News From Doctors About Pregnancy
by creepyworld July 20, 2020 0 commentaires
Sometimes destiny can throw you a curveball. This is particularly true in the case of Sarah and Andy, a Tulsa, Oklahoma couple desperately longing to be parents. After years of unsuccessful attempts at conception, the Justices decided it was time to consider adoption.
Yet, like their three long years waiting to conceive, the adoption process proved equally frustrating. Still, the couple persevered and was soon given the chance to adopt not just one, not two, but three babies. Once the triplets were born, however, something unbelievable happened…
Andy-Sarah Justice @ Facebook
Sarah and Andy had been married for three years and while they were loving life together, they were missing one, vital thing: children of their own. It wasn't for lack of trying, mind you, they just hadn't had any luck conceiving. After three years of waiting, it seemed they would have to look into some sort of help.
Sarah and Andy decided that it was time to seek the advice of a fertility expert. In early 2014, the two traveled from their home in Tulsa, OK to St. Louis, MO to enlist the aid of a fertility specialist. The Justices drove for nearly six hours, but when they got there, they received more bad news…
Small Chance
The specialist told the couple that while they were perfect candidates for in-vitro fertilization treatment, there was still only a 10% chance that they would ever become pregnant. The process was also a bit more invasive than the couple had been prepared for. What's more, the process wasn't exactly going to be cheap, either.
Too Much Money, Honey
As it turns out, in-vitro fertilization costs a pretty penny. The process would cost the Justices between $30,000 and $60,000. Between the extremely prohibitive cost and the fact that even if they did try it, it might not work, the couple decided that this was not the right path for them. So they went to the next logical step: adoption…
www.today.com
Even adoption had certain difficulties attached to it, however. For one, the process can take years to finalize, and the Justices were, like most people who opt to adopt, interested primarily in newborn babies. Still, they were willing to do whatever they had to in order to get the ball rolling, including a series of interviews.
Rigorous Interviews
www.news9.com
As part of the adoption process, Sarah and Andy had to be interviewed by prospective birth mothers in order for them to determine if the couple would be suitable as parents. The interviews, while cordial and successful in the end, were exhausting and nervewracking for the Justices. Sadly, their struggle to build their family was far from over…
Disappointments Come in Pairs
The Justices had been accepted as adoptive parents on two separate occasions, following the interviews. Yet in both cases, the birth mothers had changed their minds at the last minute. Just when it seemed like everything was going smoothly, they had to start all over again. But they were not about to give up that easily.
Sounding Off
Finally, when they were at their lowest, the Justices received a call. One of their expectant mothers had accepted them as parents. They met with her again and even went with her to an ultrasound appointment. Everything appeared perfectly normal during the scan, but there was one little surprise that neither the mother nor the Justices had planned on: the woman was having triplets…
Not Prepared
Rather than try and renege on the agreement, the Justices decided to move forward with the adoption and accept all three babies. The papers were signed, after all. Sarah and Andy were about to become the proud parents of three beautiful newborns. It was not something they were initially prepared for…
Ready To Be Parents?
As a matter of fact, the situation actually suited the couple perfectly. They had already planned on having more than one child but had dreaded the prospect of undergoing adoption process a second time. It seemed that now they had the perfect situation: multiple children all at once. Soon they were ready to meet their newborn triplets…
Meeting the Babies
The babies, Hannah, Joel, and Elizabeth, were born in May 2013. In yet another twist of fate, the triplets were born eight weeks early. The tiny little babies weighed only about three pounds each, which meant that they had to be kept in neonatal intensive care for some time before they could go home with their new parents.
www.drrosman.com
A week after their premature birth, Sarah Justice decided to go to a doctor's appointment by herself. The stress of the whole situation had been affecting her health slightly and she wanted to make sure she was feeling better by the time the triplets came home. When the doctor finally came in, he had some unbelievable news; she was not sick, she was pregnant. It was a miracle, and what's more, she was expecting twins…
Life is Funny
Fate is a funny thing. While this amazing, and unlikely, occurrence would have felt like bad timing to most people, the Justices saw the humor in it. The irony of the situation wasn't lost on them either, or the difficulty that would come with raising five children all under a year old. But Sarah and Andy were mentally and emotionally prepared for what was to come.
www.essentialbaby.com.au
They were, of course, shocked, even slightly overwhelmed by the news, who wouldn't be? But they had been longing for a family of their own for so long, they couldn't help but she the unique situation as a true blessing. Soon they had welcomed their biological twins, Andrew and Abigail, into their home as well. It was going to be a big adjustment…
The situation wasn't easy, obviously. With five hungry babies, the couple didn't sleep a whole lot in the first few months. Luckily, Sarah and Andy had the support of their community and their family. Friends, neighbors, members of their parish, everyone pitched in to help and provide for the new family of seven.
www.tulsaworld.com
Members of Tulsa's Eastland Baptist Church began to send over food for the family as well. They sent cooked meals, frozen dinners, and baby formula. Their friends at church even offered to help watch the five Justice babies while the couple was away at work. And it wasn't just food and time their friends provided, either…
Supplies a' Plenty
Diapers, bottles, blankets, clothing: it all came pouring in from donations around Tulsa. The supplies were sorely needed. The five infants went through a whopping 300 diapers and 84 bottles every week. And because it was such a task getting the kids from place to place, they had to get a bigger van.
Telling Them Apart
Sarah and Andy had a little trouble telling the babies apart at first, despite their slight age difference. To fix this, they came up with a system. The boys were easy enough, for obvious reasons. But for their older daughters, Hannah and Elizabeth, the parents used different colored toenail polish. Soon, the Justices were internet celebrities…
Facebook Celebs
The story of the Justice clan instantly went viral and in the three years that passed since the Justices became parents, they have gained an impressive Facebook following. The world is constantly looking at their fantastic photos and updates. In fact, the couple who thought they'd never be parents, even welcomed a sixth child in January of 2016.
Five Blessings
Despite the crazy demands that the Justices' face each and every day, they say they wouldn't change it for the world. Their lives have become all about the babies, but they both feel that it's a good thing. "It was something we've wanted so badly that we love it," says Sarah Justice. "We just really love having these children."


<- Back to: Welcome to Dresden University of Applied Sciences!
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text:
Q: Error while trying to push app into Bluemix with LARAVEL Ver 5.3 and PHP 7.0 Hitting with this error while trying to push app into Bluemix
with LARAVEL Ver 5.3 and PHP 7.0
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
Problem 1
    - This package requires
php
>=5.6.4 but your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.

Problem 2
    - laravel/framework v5.3.23 requires php >=5.6.4 -> your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.
    - laravel/framework v5.3.23 requires php >=5.6.4 -> your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.

Attaching the full output of staging:
   Updated app with guid 99128c49-c374-407b-940d-c8842d8419f9 ({"buildpack"=>"https://github.com/cloudfoundry/php-buildpack", "name"=>"*****", "command"=>"PRIVATE DATA HIDDEN", "instances"=>1, "memory"=>512, "environment_json"=>"PRIVATE DATA HIDDEN"})

    Updated app with guid 99128c49-c374-407b-940d-c8842d8419f9 ({"route"=>"d5d0cb3b-d428-4297-823d-8bfebd318b98"})

    Updated app with guid 99128c49-c374-407b-940d-c8842d8419f9 ({"console"=>true, "state"=>"STOPPED"})

    Got staging request for app with id 99128c49-c374-407b-940d-c8842d8419f9
    Updated app with guid 99128c49-c374-407b-940d-c8842d8419f9 ({"console"=>true, "state"=>"STARTED"})

    -----> Downloaded app package (132M)
    Cloning into '/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack'...
    Cloning into 'compile-extensions'...
    Submodule path 'compile-extensions': checked out '6fc96370a0c95fb3ac22d47a4436152a38bed540'
    -------> Buildpack version 4.3.24
    Installing HTTPD
    HTTPD 2.4.23
    Downloaded [https://buildpacks.cloudfoundry.org/dependencies/manual-binaries/httpd/httpd-2.4.23-linux-x64.tgz] to [/tmp]
    Installing PHP
    PHP 5.5.38
    Downloaded [https://buildpacks.cloudfoundry.org/dependencies/php/php-5.5.38-linux-x64-1479852231.tgz] to [/tmp]
    The extension 'tokenizer' is not provided by this buildpack.
    The extension 'dom' is not provided by this
    buildpack
    .
    The extension '
    json
    ' is not provided by this
    buildpack
    .
    The extension '
    libxml
    ' is not provided by this
    buildpack
    .
    The extension '
    xml
    ' is not provided by this
    buildpack
    .
    Downloaded [https://buildpacks.cloudfoundry.org/dependencies/php/php-5.5.38-linux-x64-1479852231.tgz] to [/tmp]
    Downloaded [https://buildpacks.cloudfoundry.org/dependencies/php/binaries/trusty/composer/1.2.4/composer.phar] to [/tmp]
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

      0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
      0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
    100   283  100   283    0     0    215      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:--   215
    Loading composer repositories with package information
    Installing dependencies from lock file

    Warning: The lock file is not up to date with the latest changes in composer.json. You may be getting outdated dependencies. Run update to update them.

    Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

    Problem 1
        - This package requires
    php
    >=5.6.4 but your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.

    Problem 2
        - laravel/framework v5.3.23 requires php >=5.6.4 -> your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.
        - laravel/framework v5.3.23 requires php >=5.6.4 -> your PHP version (5.5.38) does not satisfy that requirement.
        - Installation request for laravel/framework v5.3.23 -> satisfiable by laravel/framework[v5.3.23].
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    -----> Composer command failed

        File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/scripts/compile.py", line 50, in <module>
            .from_build_pack('lib/additional_commands')
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/lib/build_pack_utils/builder.py", line 208, in extensions
            process_extension(path, ctx, 'compile', process, args=[self])
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/lib/build_pack_utils/utils.py", line 69, in process_extension
            success(getattr(extn, to_call)(*args))
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/extensions/composer/extension.py", line 425, in compile
            return composer.compile(install)
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/lib/extension_helpers.py", line 154, in compile
            self._compile(install)
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/extensions/composer/extension.py", line 192, in _compile
            self.run()
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/extensions/composer/extension.py", line 327, in run
            *self._ctx['COMPOSER_INSTALL_OPTIONS'])
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/extensions/composer/extension.py", line 371, in run
            shell=True)
          File "/tmp/buildpacks/php-buildpack/lib/build_pack_utils/runner.py", line 109, in stream_output
            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
        build_pack_utils.runner.CalledProcessError: Command '<open file '<fdopen>', mode 'w' at 0x7f53abf406f0>' returned non-zero exit status 2
        Staging failed: Buildpack compilation step failed
        encountered error: App staging failed in the buildpack compile phase

In options.json,tried with latest version of PHP 7.0, still it was picking up version 5.5.38.
Also, tried running composer update locally as well.
Is it buildpack level issue?
Any workaround?

A: Did you forget to include the curly brackets {} when declaring use of the PHP 7.0 Latest version within the options.json file?

"PHP_VERSION": "{PHP_70_LATEST}"

Debugging Guidance

*

*Buildpack: Set a Cloud Foundry ENV VAR BP_DEBUG: true and restage

*Laravel PHP App: Set a Cloud Foundry ENV VAR APP_DEBUG: true and restage.  When you hit the app's url, you will get stacktrace info.

Skeleton Laravel Bluemix App
You can find a skeleton repo with a Laravel 5.3 code base that is Bluemix friendly and deploys using PHP 7.x here.
To deploy, simply
git clone https://github.com/ibmjstart/Bluemix-Laravel-Demo
cd Bluemix-Laravel-Demo
cf push
Hopefully, this should help illustrate the mechanics to get you started.


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text:
Tesla is losing over $4,000 on each car it sells, but Musk says affordable Model E is still on the way
by Amanda Connolly — in Insider
Tesla is losing over $4,000 on every sale it makes of its Model S car, according to a report on its most recent financials by Reuters. That brings the loss between April and June of this year to a whopping $359 million.
In response to this, the car manufacturer has been forced to cut its production budget for 2015-2016. However, the company's founder Elon Musk has promised investors that by the first quarter of next year, his company will have made enough money to move into the mass production of its affordable Model E, which is expected to cost approximately $35,000.
It's an ambitious deadline and it will certainly be interesting to see if Musk can stick to it.
The company went public in 2010 and has since branched out to expand on its auto and energy saving business. Looking at shares, which have fallen in the past week with news of the losses, it seems like investors are starting to question the viability of Musk's ambitious plans.
One option to save some cash would be to sell off more shares, but it's not clear if Musk is willing to do that just yet.
➤ Tesla burns cash, loses more than $4,000 on every car sold [Reuters]
Read next: Tesla unveils its mesmerizing car-charging snake because you didn't want a Model S already
Read next: Facebook, Google and Twitter want to rid the Web of child sexual abuse images
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Ruzawi was established in 1928 by the joint founders, Canon Robert Grinham and Mr Maurice Carver as a preparatory boarding school for boys. The school became co-educational from January 2003. Children are aged from 6 to 12 years. In the Infants' Department (more commonly referred to as "Kippers") there is only one Grade One and Two class. An additional entry at Grade Three enables there to be two classes of no more than 20 children from Grade 3 through to Grade 7.
The school is situated some 5 kilometres south of Marondera. It stands in extensive grounds surrounded by many hectares of indigenous woodland and eucalyptus plantations.The David Smith dam located on the northern boundary gives the school an ideal rural environment.
In addition to the twelve spacious classrooms the buildings include a Chapel, large school hall complete with stage and facilities for drama performances, a large library including a reference classroom, an iMac lab, an art room, the Indigo Room for curriculum support, the Chat Room for counselling, an audio-visual classroom, a music centre with practice rooms and a school museum. On the boarding side, in addition to two dining rooms and a sanatorium, there are specialised dormitories for infants and the junior girls. The boys' dormitories, with recently refurbished washrooms, form part of the main accommodation block.
Ruzawi is a small school and, like a family, we have many caring people dedicated and committed to taking care of the children.


text:
William Shotyk
Completed B.Sc. (Agr.) at the University of Guelph (Soil Science and Chemistry) in 1981, and Ph.D. at the University of Western Ontario (Geochemistry) in 1986. After postdoctoral research at the University of California, Riverside (1987) and at the University of Western Ontario (1988-1989), joined the Geological Institute at the University of Berne, Switzerland, as Oberassistent. Completed Habilitation (Geochemistry) at the University of Berne in 1995. In October of 2000, joined the University of Heidelberg as Professor, becoming Director of the Institute of Environmental Geochemistry.
Since October 2011, Dr. Shotyk has held the position of Bocock Chair in Agriculture and Environment at the University of Alberta, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, in the Department of Renewable Resources. Dr. Shotyk is also a participant in the Land Reclamation International Graduate School (LRIGS) program sponsored by NSERC CREATE.
The greatest honour of Dr. Shotyk's career was the Philippe Duchaufour Medal for Soil System Science, from the European Geophysical Union, in 2013.
Other awards include:
Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (2018)
Geochemistry Fellow – Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry (2019)
Geochemistry of the Soil Environment: Cycling of trace metals (Pb, Sb, As, Cd, Ag, Tl and Hg) at the interface between lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere; fractionation of elements during chemical weathering; soils as a source of trace metals to the atmosphere; soils as sources and sinks for trace metals to and from natural waters
Archives of Environmental Change: Reconstructing natural and anthropogenic sources of trace metals to the atmosphere using sphagnum moss, peat bogs and polar ice; variations with climate change during the Holocene
Isotope Geochemistry: Application of radiogenic isotopes (Pb, Sr) for studying chemical weathering, evolution of natural waters, and tracing natural and anthropogenic aerosols; fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 210Pb, 241Am) for dating of peat cores frombogs
Analytical Geochemistry: Environmental applications of ICP sector-field mass spectrometry (ICP-SMS)
Sedimentary Geochemistry: pH and redox chemistry of soil solutions and sediment pore waters; understanding natural enrichments of trace elements (As, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, U, V) in wetlands
Agriculture and the Environment: Application of the fundamental research topics listed above to understand the impacts of agricultural systems on the environment, and the effects of environmental change on agriculture, at local, regional, and global scales
University of Alberta Libraries Education and Research Archive – Collections in the Department of Renewable Resources
My Environmental Footprint
shotyk@ualberta.ca
Copyright @ 2023 University of Alberta


2 Samuel 19:41 Then all the people of Israel came to the king, and said to him, "Why have our kindred the people of Judah stolen you away, and brought the king and his household over the Jordan, and all David's men with him?" 42 All the people of Judah answered the people of Israel, "Because the king is near of kin to us. Why then are you angry over this matter? Have we eaten at all at the king's expense? Or has he given us any gift?" 43 But the people of Israel answered the people of Judah, "We have ten shares in the king, and in David also we have more than you. Why then did you despise us? Were we not the first to speak of bringing back our king?" But the words of the people of Judah were fiercer than the words of the people of Israel.
This morning my mind goes to the words of Jesus "A house divided cannot stand." Israel and Judah are one example of this reality. And I fear the United States is on its way to becoming another. It is a very stressful time in our country, with political/idealogical differences giving way to violence and death. Just this past Saturday 11 worshippers were killed in a synagogue in Pittsburgh. Terrible.
Heavenly Father today I pray for unity – in the church and in our nation. Heal our divisions that we might be one. Amen.


Hop on the local beer wagon.
Let's face it, most of us have outgrown the Regina bar scene. Sure, we love hitting up Lot Club or O'hans for the occasional drunken dance party but we aren't as limber as we used to be in our early party days. We're adults now (okay, maybe 80% of the time) and that means our going out routine consists of sitting around a table and drinking a few beers with friends.
That's all fun and games until you get bored of going to the same place. So, let's switch things up and hop on the local beer wagon for a brewery tour instead. Think of it like a game of musical tables, you still get to engage in your routine social behavior but you're constantly changing up the scene.
Note: Some places close early so might want to consider getting a few pre-dinner beers in.


Amazon, through its Prime membership program, has expanded grocery delivery to Milwaukee and Madison.
Amazon said Wednesday it is bringing its Whole Foods Market delivery service to its Prime members in Milwaukee and Madison as part of an expansion of the service to 10 cities nationwide.
The service adds yet another competitive layer to a Milwaukee grocery market that is already among the most competitive in the U.S.
In addition to Milwaukee and Madison, Amazon is expanding delivery to its Prime members in Ann Arbor and Detroit in Michigan; Jacksonville, Orlando and Tampa in Florida; St. Louis; Omaha, Nebraska; and Tulsa, Oklahoma.
"Starting today, Prime members in those cities can shop through Prime Now for thousands of bestselling items including fresh produce, high-quality meat and seafood, everyday staples and other locally sourced items from Whole Foods Market," the company said in a statement.
The service is available through Amazon's Prime Now app or online. Delivery from Whole Foods Market is available daily from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Prime members can shop a selection of items from Whole Foods Market and get those items delivered within one hour for $7.99, or free two-hour delivery on orders of $35 or more, an Amazon spokeswoman said.
A customer pickup service is also available at Whole Foods Market locations.
Whole Foods has three stores in Wisconsin: Milwaukee, Wauwatosa and Madison.
Prime is Amazon's membership program in which customers pay $119 a year for free two-day delivery of products purchased from the internet retailer, among other benefits.
Seattle-based Amazon also said Wednesday that it's broadening delivery areas in New York and Seattle, and announced the first expansion of free grocery pick-up service to five new cities.
Stores across metro Milwaukee are now offering grocery delivery service. Stores are also offering click and pick services where customers order groceries, the retailers assemble the orders and customers then pick them up at stores.


team small dog: What's the matter with my dog theory number 47: sad little sissy guy sore front leg theory of dog agility weirdness.
What's the matter with my dog theory number 47: sad little sissy guy sore front leg theory of dog agility weirdness.
Gustavo has spent the afternoon under the bed crying because he has a very sore right front leg. He is very sad. Do dogs have triceps? If they do, that's what hurts. He told me, DON'T TOUCH MY TRICEPS IF I HAVE ONE.
He didn't show any signs of lameness on the weekend, but he definitely was in a pretty extreme no-go zone. He did run a little bit Sunday, and we did go for a hike this morning. Not a long long one, but we did march up and down a little mountain. Ruby came too.
Whatever it is, I have a broken sad weepy dog who now lives under the bed with the dust and the old hard drive I couldn't find. Not sure what else that is way back there. It's scary under there. Get well soon, Gustavo. And get out from under the bed.
Aha. He wasn't broken. He has a tick who has managed to crawl all the way under the skin. My doctor surgical skills have not managed to get this thing out yet. We shall see what the day brings. Poor Gooey! We hate ticks.
Aha, here is a good tick tip. I have never seen a tick do what this tick did. Burrow who body into poor dog and just leave some legs wagging out. And I have seen A LOT of ticks. This was creepy and strange.
I put some frontline on poor Gooey and put him to bed since we couldn't get it out without doing surgery. Was in a very out of the way spot.
In the morning, the tick had partway crawled out to die what I hope was a painful, horrible death. No not really. A tick is a happy creature and I wish it no harm. Yes I do. No I don't.
Anyways, then we just pulled it out, dead. All done.
thanks for the tip. thats one death i'm glad to hear about.


It's been a while since I updated my blog site. In that time, my old MacBook Pro was replaced with a new one. So when it came time to consider how to integrate Medium onto my blog, I didn't want to have to download new versions of a toolchain - Ruby - that I never use.
Testing… testing… one, two… is this thing on?


text:
Événements
Mai : L'avocat et auteur Maurice Joly sort après 15 mois de détention de la prison Sainte-Pélagie à Paris. Il avait été inculpé et condamné par le tribunal correctionnel de la Seine pour « excitation à la haine et au mépris du gouvernement » contre le régime du Second Empire de Napoléon III en raison de la publication et de la diffusion depuis la Belgique de son dialogue philosophique pamphlétaire Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu (1864).
2 septembre : Enterrement du poète Charles Baudelaire au Cimetière du Montparnasse (Paris). Allocutions déchirantes de Banville et d'Asselineau.

Presse

Parutions

Essais

 Walter Bagehot (anglais), La Constitution anglaise, étude.
 John Lubbock (anglais), L'Homme avant l'Histoire, traduit par Ed. Barbier, éd. Germer Baillière.
 Karl Marx (allemand), volume I du Capital qui démonte les rouages du capitalisme en utilisant à la fois le concept de lutte des classes et une théorie originale de la valeur-travail.
 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, De la capacité politique des classes ouvrières, publication posthume.

Poésies
 Alfred de Vigny, Journal d'un poète, publication posthume.

Romans

Auteurs francophones
 Alexandre Dumas, Les Blancs et les Bleus.
 Émile Gaboriau, Le Crime d'Orcival.
 Joseph Arthur de Gobineau, L'Abbaye de Typhaines.
 Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Claire Lenoir, conte fantastique.
 Comtesse de Ségur, Le Mauvais Génie.
 Hippolyte Taine, Notes sur Paris. Vie et opinions de M. Frédéric-Thomas Graindorge.
 Jules Verne, Les Aventures du capitaine Hatteras.
 Émile Zola, Thérèse Raquin.

Auteurs traduits
 Henrik Ibsen (norvégien), Peer Gynt.
 Jorge Isaacs (colombien), María.
 Ivan Tourgueniev (russe), Fumée.
 Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina (italien), Les Mémoires de Judas.

Récompenses
 x

Principales naissances
 5 juin : Paul-Jean Toulet, écrivain et poète français († ).

Principaux décès
 13 février : Étienne Eggis, écrivain et poète suisse.
 16 février : Nicolas Jełowicki, écrivain et journaliste polonais (° ).
 31 août : Charles Baudelaire, poète et critique d'art français, 46 ans.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 1867 en philosophie

XIXe siècle en littérature
Chronologie de la littérature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Grove Dental Associates is about restoring confident and healthy smiles.
Partial dentures are one of the many treatment options used when one or more teeth are missing from the jaw. Because natural teeth may tilt or drift into the empty space and or the bite force can be damaging to the remaining teeth if the bite is not evenly balanced, partial dentures are a great option for solving both issues. These partials are thus tooth-supported and retained.
Partial dentures usually consist of replacement teeth attached to a pink or gum-colored acrylic base. There will often be an underlying metal framework that adds strength and include a clasp that hold the partial in place. This allows the patient to easily remove the partial for cleaning or adjustment.
If you have missing teeth, the process of eating can be difficult, but wearing a removable partial can help you eat and speak more clearly and confidently. Lastly, replacing missing teeth also prevents facial tissue or lips from sagging when aging.


CHAPEL HILL, N.C. (AP) — North Carolina quarterback Nathan Elliott could feel the momentum, both in a game-changing second quarter Saturday and a possibly redemptive November for the Tar Heels.
Elliott, a sophomore making his second start, threw four first-half touchdown passes as UNC cruised past Western Carolina 65-10. The victory gives the Tar Heels (3-8) their first win streak of what has been a disappointing season, one that would look far better if UNC could continue the winning next weekend at rival N.C. State.
Elliott credits the senior class, which played its last game in Kenan Stadium, with keeping the Tar Heels on task despite falling to 1-8 on Oct. 28 with a 24-19 loss to unbeaten Miami.
"They have kept this team together this year when we were falling apart," he said. "I cannot thank them enough, and I am glad we were able to send them out the right way."
North Carolina scored 21 points in a span of 2 minutes, 46 seconds in the second quarter to take control against the outmanned Catamounts.
After punting on its first possession, UNC scored six touchdowns the next six times it touched the ball, including a 28-yard fumble return by Jonathan Smith for a 28-7 lead.
Josh Cabrera caught two touchdown passes in the second quarter to stake the Tar Heels to a 42-7 halftime lead. Elliott, who had a first-half streak of 10 consecutive completions, finished 18 of 28 passing for 240 yards and no turnovers.
"You just keep building off it, you could feel the momentum," Elliott said. "We were going out there just expecting to score."
Michael Carter had 16 carries for 103 yards and a touchdown for the Tar Heels, who outgained the Catamounts 231-32 in the second quarter.
Western Carolina (7-5), a member of the Football Championship Subdivision, led 7-0 on Connell Young's 1-yard reception but found little success after that in dropping to 0-54 all-time against Football Bowl Subdivision teams.
Western Carolina: The Catamounts had North Carolina grasping at air early behind the nifty moves of quarterback Tyrie Adams. But Western Carolina couldn't slow the UNC offense and fell to 0-29 all-time against Atlantic Coast Conference opponents. Detrez Newsome led the Catamounts with 107 yards on 26 carries, putting him over the 1,000-yard mark for the third consecutive season.
North Carolina: The Tar Heels, who outgained WCU 611-304, were uplifted by the return of senior wide receiver Austin Proehl. Playing for the first time since Sept. 23 against Duke, Proehl had three catches for 52 yards.
"He got healthy, and the doctors released him," UNC coach Larry Fedora said. "He's been wanting to play for a while, and each time they were checking him out, they weren't going to release him. So finally on Tuesday we got the word they were going to release him. He wanted to get back out there with his teammates."
The Tar Heels led 21-7 but had trouble early containing Adams, who rushed eight times for 49 yards in the first half. One way to stop a good runner? Make him fumble. Malik Carney dislodged the ball and Smith picked it up for a score early in the second quarter.
North Carolina under Fedora has not allowed lower-division teams much of a chance. The Tar Heels improved to 8-0 in his tenure against FCS teams or those making the transition to FBS, as Old Dominion was doing in 2013. The average score in those games, all at home, is 57-15. UNC has surpassed 50 points in those games six times. North Carolina's last loss to an FCS team was against Furman in 1999.
Western Carolina: The Catamounts' season is complete at 7-5. They finished 5-3 in the Southern Conference.
North Carolina: The Tar Heels close out coach Larry Fedora's sixth season with a game at 25th-ranked N.C. State on Nov. 25. UNC is 3-2 against the Wolfpack in Fedora's tenure.


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The information that you provide us can include, but is not limited to, (a) your name, email address, and other contact information, (b) information you provide when contacting us, and (c) information you provide when submitting an employment application form.
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If your contact information changes, if you no longer wish to receive marketing communications from us or to have us share your information with third parties for marketing purposes, or if you wish to inquire about the information we have collected about you, please submit a request at the contact information listed below.


text:
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    after :build do |this|
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  factory :podcast_element, class: CaseElement do
    association :case

    after :build do |this|
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Show me the Self Study when it is finished.
Apply at least 3 skills you learned in lesson 3 to your own photo.
Send the photo saved as a jpeg to me as an email attachment. In the email message tell me the 3 skills you used when creating your photo.


text:
The biggest challenge to the New Dawn
There are hundreds if not thousands of public servants who are facing disciplinary action - they did not benefit directly, writes Melanie Verwoerd.
Orange launches free calls, SMS app
T-mobile/Orange
New service offers SA free mobile calls
Mobile growing 'in spite of' government
Global mobile data traffic doubles
Helsinki – Orange, the mobile brand of France Telecom, launched a global free calling and texting application in direct competition with services such as Skype, WhatsApp and Viber.
Telecom operators around the globe have suffered as free calling and texting services have proliferated over the past few years. The apps allow users to communicate without using their voice or text allotments, leading some operators like KPN to complain about the hit to their bottom line.
Giles Corbett, who developed the application called Libon for Orange, said telecom operators needed to come up with equivalent services.
"The situation is really simple - either you deliver the most compelling service or your users switch to something else. What's the alternative? We want to be in there," he said in an interview.
The application can be used by any iPhone user for free, while the company charges for some premium features like transcripts of voicemail or e-mail copies of voicemails.
Libon will be available for smartphones using Google's Android software in the first quarter of 2013.
Telefonica also launched a similar app, called Tu Me, in May, while Deutsche Telekom has one known as Bobsled.
With other European operators, Orange has also been working on a new technology known as rich communications suite (RCS), which is supposed to update traditional mobile calls by adding chat functions, live video and file sharing across all devices.
The telecoms industry association GSMA has been working on standardising RCS for use across all telecom operators and all handsets.
Orange, Vodafone, Deutsche Telekom, AT&T and China Mobile are working on deploying RCS to their customers.
Orange said it was preparing a launch of RCS, which has been branded Joyn by operators to give it a more consumer-friendly moniker, in June 2013.
Read more on: orange | mobile
Facebook says it's investigating data exposure of 267 million users
Cape Town 09:35 AM
Road name: N1 Inbound
Polokwane Jobs
Cape Town Jobs


text:
Q: Is there anyway to disable this notification on google chrome (andorid) Hey anyway to disable the floating in app notification for downloading, or download compleated notifications.
I tried all the settings i didn't find any.

A: Go to ur "Settings" in Chrome... Then "Notification"... Scroll down to find the "in app notification" settings option and turn it off✌


text:
Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance
Rajat Singh, Yongjun Wang, Youqing Xiang, Kathryn E. Tanaka, William A. Gaarde, Mark J. Czaja
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in the development of steatohepatitis. This finding, together with the reported role of JNK signaling in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, two components of the metabolic syndrome and predisposing factors for fatty liver disease, suggests that JNK may be a central mediator of the metabolic syndrome and an important therapeutic target in steatohepatitis. To define the isoform-specific functions of JNK in steatohepatitis associated with obesity and insulin resistance, the effects of JNK1 or JNK2 ablation were determined in developing and established steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed jnk1 null mice failed to develop excessive weight gain, insulin resistance, or steatohepatitis. In contrast, jnk2-/- mice fed a HFD were obese and insulin-resistant, similar to wild-type mice, and had increased liver injury. In mice with established steatohepatitis, an antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of jnk1 decreased the amount of steatohepatitis in concert with a normalization of insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of jnk2 improved insulin sensitivity but had no effect on hepatic steatosis and markedly increased liver injury. A jnk2 knockdown increased hepatic expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bim and Bax and the increase in liver injury resulted in part from a Bim-dependent activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Conclusion: JNK1 and JNK2 both mediate insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice, but the JNK isoforms have distinct effects on steatohepatitis, with JNK1 promoting steatosis and hepatitis and JNK2 inhibiting hepatocyte cell death by blocking the mitochondrial death pathway.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22578
10.1002/hep.22578
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Fatty Liver Medicine & Life Sciences
Insulin Resistance Medicine & Life Sciences
Inhibition (Psychology) Medicine & Life Sciences
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences
High Fat Diet Medicine & Life Sciences
Metabolic Syndrome Medicine & Life Sciences
Protein Isoforms Medicine & Life Sciences
Singh, R., Wang, Y., Xiang, Y., Tanaka, K. E., Gaarde, W. A., & Czaja, M. J. (2009). Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Hepatology, 49(1), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22578
Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. / Singh, Rajat; Wang, Yongjun; Xiang, Youqing; Tanaka, Kathryn E.; Gaarde, William A.; Czaja, Mark J.
In: Hepatology, Vol. 49, No. 1, 2009, p. 87-96.
Singh, R, Wang, Y, Xiang, Y, Tanaka, KE, Gaarde, WA & Czaja, MJ 2009, 'Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance', Hepatology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22578
Singh R, Wang Y, Xiang Y, Tanaka KE, Gaarde WA, Czaja MJ. Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Hepatology. 2009;49(1):87-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22578
Singh, Rajat ; Wang, Yongjun ; Xiang, Youqing ; Tanaka, Kathryn E. ; Gaarde, William A. ; Czaja, Mark J. / Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. In: Hepatology. 2009 ; Vol. 49, No. 1. pp. 87-96.
@article{97c1ec13992a4a1baaf95e6d81f255da,
title = "Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance",
abstract = "Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in the development of steatohepatitis. This finding, together with the reported role of JNK signaling in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, two components of the metabolic syndrome and predisposing factors for fatty liver disease, suggests that JNK may be a central mediator of the metabolic syndrome and an important therapeutic target in steatohepatitis. To define the isoform-specific functions of JNK in steatohepatitis associated with obesity and insulin resistance, the effects of JNK1 or JNK2 ablation were determined in developing and established steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed jnk1 null mice failed to develop excessive weight gain, insulin resistance, or steatohepatitis. In contrast, jnk2-/- mice fed a HFD were obese and insulin-resistant, similar to wild-type mice, and had increased liver injury. In mice with established steatohepatitis, an antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of jnk1 decreased the amount of steatohepatitis in concert with a normalization of insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of jnk2 improved insulin sensitivity but had no effect on hepatic steatosis and markedly increased liver injury. A jnk2 knockdown increased hepatic expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bim and Bax and the increase in liver injury resulted in part from a Bim-dependent activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Conclusion: JNK1 and JNK2 both mediate insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice, but the JNK isoforms have distinct effects on steatohepatitis, with JNK1 promoting steatosis and hepatitis and JNK2 inhibiting hepatocyte cell death by blocking the mitochondrial death pathway.",
author = "Rajat Singh and Yongjun Wang and Youqing Xiang and Tanaka, {Kathryn E.} and Gaarde, {William A.} and Czaja, {Mark J.}",
doi = "10.1002/hep.22578",
journal = "Hepatology",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
T1 - Differential effects of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibition on murine steatohepatitis and insulin resistance
AU - Singh, Rajat
AU - Wang, Yongjun
AU - Xiang, Youqing
AU - Tanaka, Kathryn E.
AU - Gaarde, William A.
AU - Czaja, Mark J.
N2 - Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in the development of steatohepatitis. This finding, together with the reported role of JNK signaling in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, two components of the metabolic syndrome and predisposing factors for fatty liver disease, suggests that JNK may be a central mediator of the metabolic syndrome and an important therapeutic target in steatohepatitis. To define the isoform-specific functions of JNK in steatohepatitis associated with obesity and insulin resistance, the effects of JNK1 or JNK2 ablation were determined in developing and established steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed jnk1 null mice failed to develop excessive weight gain, insulin resistance, or steatohepatitis. In contrast, jnk2-/- mice fed a HFD were obese and insulin-resistant, similar to wild-type mice, and had increased liver injury. In mice with established steatohepatitis, an antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of jnk1 decreased the amount of steatohepatitis in concert with a normalization of insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of jnk2 improved insulin sensitivity but had no effect on hepatic steatosis and markedly increased liver injury. A jnk2 knockdown increased hepatic expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bim and Bax and the increase in liver injury resulted in part from a Bim-dependent activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Conclusion: JNK1 and JNK2 both mediate insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice, but the JNK isoforms have distinct effects on steatohepatitis, with JNK1 promoting steatosis and hepatitis and JNK2 inhibiting hepatocyte cell death by blocking the mitochondrial death pathway.
AB - Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in the development of steatohepatitis. This finding, together with the reported role of JNK signaling in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, two components of the metabolic syndrome and predisposing factors for fatty liver disease, suggests that JNK may be a central mediator of the metabolic syndrome and an important therapeutic target in steatohepatitis. To define the isoform-specific functions of JNK in steatohepatitis associated with obesity and insulin resistance, the effects of JNK1 or JNK2 ablation were determined in developing and established steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-fed jnk1 null mice failed to develop excessive weight gain, insulin resistance, or steatohepatitis. In contrast, jnk2-/- mice fed a HFD were obese and insulin-resistant, similar to wild-type mice, and had increased liver injury. In mice with established steatohepatitis, an antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of jnk1 decreased the amount of steatohepatitis in concert with a normalization of insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of jnk2 improved insulin sensitivity but had no effect on hepatic steatosis and markedly increased liver injury. A jnk2 knockdown increased hepatic expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bim and Bax and the increase in liver injury resulted in part from a Bim-dependent activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Conclusion: JNK1 and JNK2 both mediate insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice, but the JNK isoforms have distinct effects on steatohepatitis, with JNK1 promoting steatosis and hepatitis and JNK2 inhibiting hepatocyte cell death by blocking the mitochondrial death pathway.
U2 - 10.1002/hep.22578
DO - 10.1002/hep.22578
JO - Hepatology
JF - Hepatology


Ideally located in the prime touristic area of Nelson Bay, Beaches Serviced Apartments promises a relaxing and wonderful visit. The hotel has everything you need for a comfortable stay. Free Wi-Fi in all rooms, printer, postal service, photocopying, Wi-Fi in public areas are just some of the facilities on offer. Comfortable guestrooms ensure a good night's sleep with some rooms featuring facilities such as television LCD/plasma screen, internet access – wireless (complimentary), non smoking rooms, air conditioning, heating. The hotel's peaceful atmosphere extends to its recreational facilities which include fitness center, golf course (within 3 km), outdoor pool, pool (kids), garden. Beaches Serviced Apartments combines warm hospitality with a lovely ambiance to make your stay in Port Stephens unforgettable.
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