text:
Download Free From Nuclear Military Strategy To A World Without War A History And A Proposal Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online From Nuclear Military Strategy To A World Without War A History And A Proposal and write the review.
From Nuclear Military Strategy to a World Without War
Roger Hilsman
Proposes a way to abolish the entire institution of war and to gradually establish world government.
Reader s Guide to Military History
Charles Messenger
This book contains some 600 entries on a range of topics from ancient Chinese warfare to late 20th-century intervention operations. Designed for a wide variety of users, it encompasses general reviews of aspects of military organization and science, as well as specific wars and conflicts. The book examines naval and air warfare, as well as significant individuals, including commanders, theorists, and war leaders. Each entry includes a listing of additional publications on the topic, accompanied by an article discussing these publications with reference to their particular emphases, strengths, and limitations.
Asia Militarization Regional Conflict
Yoshikazu Sakamoto
The Triumph of Improvisation
James Graham Wilson
Format Type: PDF
In The Triumph of Improvisation, James Graham Wilson takes a long view of the end of the Cold War, from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to Operation Desert Storm in January 1991. Drawing on deep archival research and recently declassified papers, Wilson argues that adaptation, improvisation, and engagement by individuals in positions of power ended the specter of a nuclear holocaust. Amid ambivalence and uncertainty, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, George Shultz, George H. W. Bush, and a host of other actors engaged with adversaries and adapted to a rapidly changing international environment and information age in which global capitalism recovered as command economies failed. Eschewing the notion of a coherent grand strategy to end the Cold War, Wilson paints a vivid portrait of how leaders made choices; some made poor choices while others reacted prudently, imaginatively, and courageously to events they did not foresee. A book about the burdens of responsibility, the obstacles of domestic politics, and the human qualities of leadership, The Triumph of Improvisation concludes with a chapter describing how George H. W. Bush oversaw the construction of a new configuration of power after the fall of the Berlin Wall, one that resolved the fundamental components of the Cold War on Washington's terms.
Uncertain Empire
Joel Isaac
Historians have long understood that the notion of "the cold war" is richly metaphorical, if not paradoxical. The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union was a war that fell ambiguously short of war, an armed truce that produced considerable bloodshed. Yet scholars in the rapidly expanding field of Cold War studies have seldom paused to consider the conceptual and chronological foundations of the idea of the Cold War itself. In Uncertain Empire, a group of leading scholars takes up the challenge of making sense of the idea of the Cold War and its application to the writing of American history. They interrogate the concept from a wide range of disciplinary vantage points--diplomatic history, the history of science, literary criticism, cultural history, and the history of religion--highlighting the diversity of methods and approaches in contemporary Cold War studies. Animating the volume as a whole is a question about the extent to which the Cold War was an American invention. Uncertain Empire brings debates over national, global, and transnational history into focus and offers students of the Cold War a new framework for considering recent developments in the field.
The Darker Nations
Here, from a brilliant young writer, is a paradigm-shifting history of both a utopian concept and global movement—the idea of the Third World. The Darker Nations traces the intellectual origins and the political history of the twentieth century attempt to knit together the world's impoverished countries in opposition to the United States and Soviet spheres of influence in the decades following World War II. Spanning every continent of the global South, Vijay Prashad's fascinating narrative takes us from the birth of postcolonial nations after World War II to the downfall and corruption of nationalist regimes. A breakthrough book of cutting-edge scholarship, it includes vivid portraits of Third World giants like India's Nehru, Egypt's Nasser, and Indonesia's Sukarno—as well as scores of extraordinary but now-forgotten intellectuals, artists, and freedom fighters. The Darker Nations restores to memory the vibrant though flawed idea of the Third World, whose demise, Prashad ultimately argues, has produced a much impoverished international political arena.
Reinhold Niebuhr on World Politics in a Nuclear Age
John Hoyoung Lee
The major purpose of this book is to examine Christian Realism as articulated by Reinhold Niebuhr and to see whether his theory can shed any light on world politics especially in a nuclear age. Major themes of Niebuhr's theory included in this book are: Niebuhr's understanding of human nature, critique of idealism and naturalism and the dialecticalexistential framework. Niebuhr's thoughts on love, justice, power, society, community and responsibility, as well as his thought on world politics are discussed. This book also covers Niebuhr's understanding of national interests, balance of power, imperialism, democracy and the developing countries. Niebuhr's Just War theory is compared with many other major thinkers on the subject. Niebuhr's Just War theory in a nuclear and terror age was examined with particular interest. Topics include: Terror, Counter-Terror and the Just War theory, Jihad, Nuclear Terrorism, Pre-emptive strike against nuclear facilities and the Just War theory. Niebuhr's approaches to peace in a nuclear and terror age are also discussed. One of the major challenges to U.S. foreign policy today is North Korea's nuclear proliferation. This book attempts to provide a theoretical guideline for U.S. policy vis-a-vis North Korea's nuke. John Hoyoung Lee is the former professor of church history at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia and emeritus professor of economics and political science at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Dr. Lee was also the senior pastor of the Bethel Korean Presbyterian Church in Ellicott City, MD.
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Rand McNally Western United States Regional Map
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Letters to My Future Self Weekly Agenda
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Local insights in sri lanka our local experts share their top tips
Posted by Helen on 23 Nov 2020
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Local insights in Sri Lanka: our local experts share their top tips
Sri Lanka, the 'Pearl of the Indian Ocean', has long tempted travelers to its sunny shores. We caught up with our local experts for some top travel tips and the lowdown on coronavirus.
Aerial shot of old lighthouse in Galle Fort. Photo: samuraisunshine/Shutterstock
Luxurious Maldives
7 days from 2295 USD
Two Paradise Islands
10 days from 2900 USD
Perfectly Sri Lanka
White-sand beaches, ancient temples and stunning landscapes: Sri Lanka has it all. It's little wonder the gorgeous island, cast adrift from the south of India, has skyrocketed to the top of travel lists around the globe. We touched base with our local experts – Justyna, Hazan and Gayathra – to gather some local tips for travelers to Sri Lanka, as well as garnering insights into the isle's experience of coronavirus.
Justyna in one of the secret spots around Kandy, Sri Lanka. Photo: Justyna's private archive
Over to our local experts
Q: Sri Lanka has topped many 'top travel destination' lists over the last couple of years. In your eyes, what makes Sri Lanka so special and why should travelers come and explore the island?
A: First of all, Sri Lanka is a relatively small island, but has a great variety of things to offer – travel for just a few hours and you'll find yourself in completely different scenery (and a different climate!) Sri Lanka has a range of attractions to sate even the most demanding traveler, from its fascinating 3,000-year-old history and cultural sites that stretch back to ancient times, through beautiful beaches (including quiet, virgin shores), to stunning nature and wildlife, with mountainscapes, rainforests, rolling tea plantations, beautiful national parks and many endemic species. Sri Lanka is also home to the eighth World Wonder and no fewer than eight Unesco World Heritage Sites. But the real value of this gorgeous island, and the most important reason for its ranking as one of the top destinations in the world, lies in the people – their warmth and hospitality is something truly special. A recent example of this is the generosity Sri Lankans showed during the current pandemic, looking after the tourists who got stuck here during the lockdown. These unfortunate travelers received huge help and support from the local community. Of course, we also can't forget about the delicious cuisine, which is based on local ingredients and the various spices that Sri Lanka is known for – yummy!
Nine Arches railway bridge, Sri Lanka. Photo: aksenovden/Shutterstock
Q: What are your favorite spots, and the best hidden gems, in Sri Lanka?
A: Galle Fort and the surrounding area is a firm favorite – it's a really special and interesting place that offers a mix of culture and history, beautiful, picturesque beaches and stunning nature. It also provides the opportunity to meet local people; if you let yourself get lost in the village area inland, you'll have the chance to meet Sri Lankans outside the tourist trade – only by interacting with such people will you get to know what Sri Lankan warmth and hospitality really mean.
Thalpe Beach is a very quiet and peaceful spot – since swimming is not recommended here, you hardly meet anyone else, which means the most magnificent sunrises and sunsets. It's a narrow beach but has such charm that it's hard to describe with words…
Gal Oya National Park with Gal Oya Lodge is another place where you can experience the beautiful nature of the island. Again, these are virgin lands, with no real tropes of tourism yet (there's no Wi-fi or phone signal, and no big hotels) – only the sounds of the wildlife.
Next, Pidurangala Rock is a 'must-visit' for watching sunrise, and to see famous Sigiriya Rock from the best perspective. Some people say it offers even better views than Sigiriya itself.
There are also some incredibly memorable places to stay, such as Ellerton Bungalow, a real hidden gem in Sri Lanka. Enjoying a stunning location, you can spend days looking out over one of the country's most breathtaking views while listening to chants emanating from the nearby Buddhist temple and the sounds of nature. But the icing on the cake is the staff: owners Iromi and Luca are absolutely wonderful people who personally look after their guests and create a really homely atmosphere.
Elephants in Udawalawe National Park. Photo: Heinz-Peter Schwerin/Shutterstock
Q: As a tour operator based in Colombo, what kind of trips and services do you offer and what type of travel do you recommend?
A: Our services include accommodation and land transport, as well as domestic flights, guide services, excursions and complete logistics-management services. When it comes to the type of trips we offer, we have no limitations here and can tailor something special to each type of client: from budget travelers to ultra-luxury jetsetters to adventure junkies – our offerings range from guesthouses to luxury boutique hotels and even tree houses, camps and lodges for people who look to spend their holidays closer to the nature. We would definitely recommend a train trip – we can obviously organize that too – as Sri Lanka is one of the most spectacular countries for train travel in the world. We can always accommodate any special requests – for example organizing cycle tours or assisting in any sporting event (like the Colombo marathon or Ironman 70.3 and many more).
Thalpe Beach. Photo: Justyna, Sri Lanka local expert
Q: What kind of wildlife and cultural experiences do you consider 'must-do' for travelers to Sri Lanka?
A: We would recommend at least one safari, either by jeep (plump for a less-busy national park like Wilpattu) or by boat (for whale and dolphin watching). Releasing a baby turtle from one of the turtle hatcheries is also something really special. Visiting Elephant Transit Home in Udawalawe National Park will give you the chance to watch the feeding or bathing of baby elephants. We were one of the first Sri Lankan companies to join the World Animal Protection organization, and are against riding elephants or visiting the elephant orphanages which don't release them into the wild once they are able to do so.
Another must-do experience is a train ride, which we mentioned above, as well as taking a dip in a waterfall – but only in a safe place, of course. We have to remember that some waterfalls can swell rapidly and may not be safe! Climbing Adam's Peak to watch sunrise is another unforgettable and mystical experience. Lastly, be sure to have tea at one of the smaller/boutique tea factories, where traditions are still kept from generation to generation. It's a completely different experience from visiting a huge tea factory, which can get very busy, full of other tourists.
Buddhist monks from the local temple, Ellerton. Photo: Justyna, Sri Lanka local expert
Q: Covid-19 has impacted the travel industry greatly. How do you see Sri Lanka moving forwards to welcome back tourists, especially on the back of the Easter attacks last year and the country's efforts to promote tourism again?
A: Having experienced two consecutive years of misfortune, Sri Lanka faces a bigger challenge than most other countries. However, the best thing about the country is its people, who stay strong no matter what. As history has shown many times over, Sri Lankans always have the power to bounce back. The tourist sector is currently surviving on local bookings and government support, while many initiatives have been undertaken in order to make use of the current situation somehow and get ready for the moment when Sri Lanka is back open for travel, and to promote it in the meantime. One such initiative saw international travel bloggers inside the country travel around Sri Lanka to explore new areas and unearth new hidden gems – many of which turn out to be still undiscovered, such as wineries on the north of the island. A completely different example is a newly appointed Advisory Committee on Tourism, whose role it will be to draw up a framework and come up with proposals for opening the country to travelers again. The committee will need to provide for the safety of tourists as well as local people, but also work in the short term to find an alternative means of livelihood for those dependent on the tourism sector.
Lion Rock from top of Pidurangala in Sigiriya, Sri Lanka. Photo: Jose Coso Zamarreno/Shutterstock
Q: You also offer tours to the Maldives, a country currently open to travelers. Which are your favorite islands in the Maldives and what's the best way to experience them?
A: Our favorite is Ari Atoll, one of the largest in the Maldives. It includes 100 islands, 20 of which are completely dedicated to tourist development. It is the best diving/snorkeling location in the Maldives, and the atoll is a pelagic paradise. Unlike elsewhere in the Maldives, where most snorkeling and dive sites are protected by a reef, Ari is known for its thilas (submerged pinnacles), both inside and outside the central atoll lagoon, acting as an aggregation site for plenty of marine life. Ari houses some of the best resorts in Maldives, but you can opt for a lovely cruise here as well.
Aerial view of Maldives Ari Atoll. Photo: Markus Mainka/Shutterstock
Ready to book your own holiday to the Maldives? We have some amazing all-inclusive deals (ready to be booked until December 15th 2020) for dates throughout 2021. See the Luxurious Maldives trip starting from only 1,995 USD per person and the Two Paradise Islands starting from only 2,525 USD per person, including all transfers and selected experiences.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The B9161 is a short but useful link from the A9 just north of Inverness to Munlochy on the A832, and so on to Fortrose and Cromarty. It therefore provides a shorter, quicker route than by taking the A9 up to the Tore Roundabout and doubling back along the A832. The reason why this is a B road instead of the A832 is that up until the opening of the Kessock Bridge, the Kessock Ferry was not the easiest means of crossing to Inverness, and following the A832 westwards to come around via Beauly was a common journey.
The road starts, therefore, in Munlochy at a simple T-junction on the A832 at the east end of the village and heads south west along the main street. After briefly turning southwards, the road swings back to the south west and follows a series of straights down to the A9. Immediately before reaching the dual carriageway, a staggered crossroads is where the B9162 used to arrive from the north, and the B9161 turn to the left into North Kessock, and so the ferry.
Signage in Inverness is a little confused, with at least one sign on the A82 at the approaches to the Shore Street Roundabout showing the B9161 heading into Inverness along Chapel Street, although it only gets as far as the B862 Friars' Lane. Indeed, Open Street Map also give Chapel Street our number, and the Highland Council themselves don't seem to be too sure. Common sense suggests that the street should be either the B862 or, more likely, the B865. However, for now it remains as a slightly lost stub, reminding us of the historical route of the road into the city centre.
Before the A9 was extended north in 1935, everything north of Inverness was in Zone 8, so the B9161 was originally the B861. However, that is not the full story, as prior to 1935 the B861 crossed the Kessock Ferry to pass through Inverness, continuing south along its current route. This means that the modern B9161 and B861 were once part of a continuous route.
From South Kessock the road entered Inverness across the Grant Street Bridge and then along Chapel Street (as above) and Academy Street to reach the A9, which ran along Eastgate and the High Street. In 1935 the road to the north became the B9161, with the B861 continuing to head south, as now, on Castle Street. This situation persisted until the Kessock Bridge was opened, and the A9 rerouted across it, so replacing part of the southern section of the B9161.
However, as noted above, the story within Inverness is less clear. The 1988 OS Landranger still shows part of the B9161 - from Grant Street across Waterloo Bridge and into the city centre on Chapel Street as an un-numbered B road. It is known that it met the B9146 where the Shore Street Roundabout is now, and that another B road, probably the B9145 connected Grant Street to the A862. However, the number of the B road in between is not known. Whilst a survival of the B9161 (the section out to the ferry slipway has been unclassified) in the city seems plausible judging by the surviving signage, it is equally possible that the B9146 took over part of the route and indeed the B9145, for which the mapping evidence is not entirely legible.
This page was last modified on 4 September 2018, at 13:51.


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The Untold Story Of The Place Where Julius Caesar Was Killed Which Is Now A Cat Sanctuary In Rome
55.2KViews
What Rome Ruin Is Inhabited By Hundreds Of Cats?
In Which City Can You Find A Cat Sanctuary Amid The Ruins Of Ancient Temples?
Hundreds Of Lucky Cats Prowl The Site Where Caesar Was Assassinated
The history-loving feral cats that live in Argentina's Largo di Torre, where one of the most important episodes in Ancient Roman history occurred. A place where Julius Caesar was killed by 60 conspirators and stabbed a total of 23 times here.
Ancient remains and the Torre Argentina Cat Sanctuary can be found in the Area Sacra in Rome's Largo di Torre Argentina also known as a place where Julius Caesar was killed. This neighborhood is home to almost 140 cats. Some people are housed in the indoor shelter.
To be completely honest, there are some regions, and even entire cities, where the absence of cats is simply inconceivable. Take, for example, Istanbul, where cats are considered to be a part of the city's essence. Hundreds, if not thousands, of them live in perfect peace with people and maybe the most lovely companions if you choose to sit alone and have a cup of Turkish tea in the afternoon.
COPYRIGHT_HOOK: Published on https://thehooksite.com/place-where-julius-caesar-was-killed/ by Kane Perkins on 2022-03-29T14:26:28.758Z
Another similar location is the little beach town of Kotor, which is located in the country of Montenegro. The town of Kotor, which was founded by the Romans and located on the Adriatic Sea's shore, is home to a large number of furry residents who can be seen on practically every cobblestone street in the old town. If you visit the town's souvenir stores, you may get a sense of the cat craze, as well as the fact that the people have dedicated an entire museum to cats.
Both Istanbul and Kotor would lose a vital city emblem if cats were no longer there, a part of the urban heartbeat that can scarcely be replaced by anything else. The cats of these two cities, on the other hand, are free to roam the streets and sleep anywhere they like. However, there is one particular kind of feral cat in Rome that appears to prefer to spend its time around historical monuments.
An abandoned place where Julius Caesar was murdered with black gates
Torre Argentina houses the ruins of four ancient temples, as well as a portion of the famed Pompey portico, where dictator Julius Caesar was betrayed and executed in 44 BCE. Julius Caesar AND a stray cat-sanctuary a place where approximately 130 cats are currently cared for by volunteers at Torre Argentina, many of whom are crippled or sick.
Rome's feral cats moved in immediately after the Julius Caesar Murder site was excavated, as they do throughout the city, and the gutter, or cat ladies, began feeding and caring for them.
Since the mid-1990s, the population has risen from around 90 to a peak of 250, and the organization has increased its efforts to provide care for sick or injured cats, as well as a comprehensive spay and neuter program to keep the feral population in check.
"Eh. Brutus was his mistress's son. Caeser was taking Brutus under his wing for his mistress, but Brutus was always scornful of Caeser. Hence when it was Brutus's turn to stab Caeser, Brutus goes right for the groin.
Brutus was seriously like, Caesers's Second Heir. Caeser had appointed Brutus as the Governor of Cisalpine Gaul, today you would call it Northern Italy, Lombardy, and Piedmont. Which was EASILLY the most important providence.
The governor of Cisalpine Gaul could march an army on Rome at any time. Or be in a position to stop any other army from marching on Rome.
So Brutus was a huge betrayal, but not too surprising. Brutus was a Pompeian who bent their knee after the war. Decimus on the other hand was a close member of Caesar's inner circle.
He and Caeser had stayed up late the night before drinking! They were close friends. Decimus is the REAL betrayer. Brutus just had the more famous name so he gets remembered."
_datssyck (Reddit)
Fast forward 2060 years to the present, the exact place where Julius Caesar was killed and where Caesar yelled his famous final words, "Et Tu Brute?" (Are you one of them, Brutus?) and the most common sound is "Meow."
Nonetheless, they are well cared for by a local cat-loving volunteer organization that also feeds and sterilizes other stray cats in Rome. Perhaps there is even more reason for you to consider Rome as your next vacation location.
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Sultans of Swing: The Very Best of Dire Straits is the second greatest hits compilation by the British rock band Dire Straits, released on 19 October 1998 by Mercury Records internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The album was originally released, featuring liner notes by Robert Sandall, as both a one-disc edition and two-disc edition. The second disc contains live performances. The release is named after the band's 1978 hit single of the same name. The compilation was re-released together with a DVD in 2002. The DVD features the music videos of all the songs on the first disc, in addition to short interviews with Mark Knopfler about each song.

Track listing
All songs were written by Mark Knopfler, except track 4, containing an extract from Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel Waltz with the rest of the song by Knopfler, and track 9, written by Knopfler and Sting.
Disc one
"Sultans of Swing" (from Dire Straits, 1978) – 5:50
"Lady Writer" (from Communiqué, 1979) – 3:49
"Romeo and Juliet" (from Making Movies, 1980) – 6:05
"Tunnel of Love" (from Making Movies, 1980) – 8:14
"Private Investigations" (Edited version) (from Love over Gold, 1982) – 5:54
"Twisting by the Pool" (from ExtendedancEPlay, 1983) – 3:36
"Love over Gold" (live, from Alchemy: Dire Straits Live, 1984) – 3:40
"So Far Away" (Edited version) (from Brothers in Arms, 1985) – 4:03
"Money for Nothing" (Radio edit) (from Brothers in Arms, 1985) – 4:09
"Brothers in Arms" (Edited version) (from Brothers in Arms, 1985) – 4:55
"Walk of Life" (from Brothers in Arms, 1985) – 4:12
"Calling Elvis" (Edited version) (from On Every Street, 1991) – 4:41
"Heavy Fuel" (from On Every Street, 1991) – 4:54
"On Every Street" (Edited version) (from On Every Street, 1991) – 4:39
"Your Latest Trick" (live, from On the Night, 1993) – 5:41
"Local Hero/Wild Theme" (live, from On the Night (future DVD version), 2004 and Encores, 1993) – 4:23

Disc two
The following tracks were recorded live at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 May 1996 by Mark Knopfler.
 "Calling Elvis" – 9:05
 "Walk of Life" – 5:28
 "Last Exit to Brooklyn" – 2:23
 "Romeo and Juliet" – 7:30
 "Sultans of Swing" – 13:14
 "Brothers in Arms" – 8:54
 "Money for Nothing" – 6:37

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Dire Straits albums
1998 greatest hits albums
Vertigo Records compilation albums
Warner Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Mark Knopfler
Mercury Records compilation albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Herren Krist uppstånden är är en sång med text från 1958 av Birger Olson. Sången sjungs till en engelsk melodi från 1708. Texten bearbetades 1986.

Publicerad i
Psalmer och Sånger 1987 som nr 517 under rubriken "Kyrkoåret - Påsk"
Frälsningsarméns sångbok 1990 som nr 735 under rubriken "Påsk".

Referenser

Noter

Brittiska psalmer
Svenska psalmer
Påskpsalmer


DCA past president Stewart Kniff, 84, was called to his heavenly home on July 20, 2015. He grew up on a peach farm where he first learned the art of business by selling rides on his pony. Educated in a one-room schoolhouse, he graduated from Union High School in 1948. Kniff began his career when he joined the Navy in 1948. He spent a year on an aircraft carrier and also served during the Korean War. Upon his return, he was stationed in Atlantic City. When he returned to Grand Rapids, he attended Davenport College and successfully completed the Dale Carnegie Course. He was the owner and operator of Sub-Surface Construction Co. in Grand Rapids, MI, where he served clients throughout the U.S. having over 900 employees at one time. He sold the company in 1997. He also owned and operated Utility Contracting Co. in Sparta, MI, that continues to provide services throughout the state of Michigan. Before owning his own businesses, he worked as a laborer, a welder's helper, a mainline operator and a foreman. He built gas distribution systems in over 40 communities throughout the upper and lower peninsulas of Michigan. Kniff was president of the Distribution Contractors Association in 1974, and of the Michigan Distribution Contractors Association (MDCA) 1997 & 1998. Being an active member of MDCA offered him the privilege to serve multiple times on the negotiation committee where he successfully participated in completing many agreements with the trade unions that he partnered with, in order to secure talented employees. Kniff will be deeply missed by many and his wife of 64 years, Lenore. He was preceded in death by his sons Kevin Lee Kniff (1995) and Brian Douglas Kniff (2012). Surviving are his wife Lenore Kniff, whom he married in 1950; daughter Lynn Kniff Littin (Tom Littin); daughter-in-law Barbara McCulla (Greg McCulla); grandchildren: Jason Olree, Christopher Olree (Erica Olree), Stephanie Kniff Pringle (Luke Pringle), Katie Kniff Walsh (Dusten Walsh), Kari Cushman (Ryan Cushman), Amy Potgetter (Jake Potgetter), Mitchell Kniff and Jennifer Kniff; 10 great grandchildren: Kaiya Pringle, Saige Pringle, Lyvia Pringle, Haven Olree, McKinlee Olree, Moxin Potgetter, Ben Potgetter, Gwen Walsh, Maxwell Walsh and Londyn Cushman; brother Russ Kniff (Angie Kniff); sister-in-law Norma Peterson; brother-in-law James Van Ess (Marilyn Van Ess), and brother- in-law Edward Kape.


text:
Version of the Windows Phone operating system
A customized Windows Phone 8.1 Start screen
OS family
Working state
Source model
Closed-source
Released to
April 14, 2014; 8 years ago (2014-04-14)
August 4, 2014; 8 years ago (2014-08-04)
Latest preview
8.10.15116.125 / April 10, 2015; 7 years ago (2015-04-10)[1]
Update method
Firmware over the air and via Windows Phone Store
XAP, APPX
32-bit ARM architecture
Kernel type
Hybrid (NT kernel)[2]
Commercial proprietary software
Windows Phone 8 (2012)
Windows 10 Mobile (2015)
Archived official website at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
Support status
Unsupported as of July 11, 2017[3]
Windows Phone 8.1 was the third generation of Microsoft's Windows Phone mobile operating system, succeeding Windows Phone 8. Rolled out at Microsoft's Build Conference in San Francisco, California, on April 2, 2014, it was released in final form to Windows Phone developers on April 14, 2014 and reached general availability on August 4, 2014.[4][5][6][7][8] All Windows Phones running Windows Phone 8 can be upgraded to Windows Phone 8.1,[9] with release dependent on carrier rollout dates.[10]
Windows Phone 8.1 is also the last version that uses the Windows Phone brand name as it was succeeded by Windows 10 Mobile. Some Windows Phone 8.1 devices are capable of being upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile. Microsoft delayed the upgrade and reduced the supported device list from their initial promise. Support has ended for Windows Phone 8.1 on July 11, 2017. [11]
Windows Phone 8.1 was first rumored to be Windows Phone Blue, a series of updates to Microsoft's mobile operating system that would coincide with the release of Windows 8.1. Although Microsoft had originally planned to release WP8.1 in late 2013, shortly after the release of its PC counterpart,[12] general distribution of the new operating system was pushed back until early 2014.[13]
Instead of waiting over a year to add new features to Windows Phone 8, Microsoft opted to release three incremental updates to its existing mobile OS. These updates are delivered with corresponding firmware updates for the specific devices. The updates included GDR2 (Lumia Amber), which introduced features such as "Data Sense",[14] and GDR3 (Lumia Black), which brought support for quad-core processors, 1080p high-definition screens of up to six inches, the addition of a "Driving Mode," and extra rows of live tiles for larger "phablet" devices.[15]
The updated operating system's final name was leaked to the public when Microsoft released the Windows Phone 8.1 SDK to developers on February 10, 2014,[5] but it wasn't until Microsoft's Build conference keynote on April 2, 2014 when Windows Phone 8.1 was officially announced, alongside the Windows 8.1 Update. The final shipping code was released to registered users of the "Preview for Developers" program on April 14, 2014,[4] and to the general public in subsequent months, the actual release date being determined by the devices' wireless carriers and accompanied with firmware updates, including Lumia Cyan.
Preview for Developers
The "Preview for Developers" program was initiated in October 2013 with the release of Windows Phone 8 Update 3. The program was intended for developers and enthusiasts to gain immediate access to OS updates as they become available from Microsoft, bypassing wireless carriers and OEMs who test changes before including device-specific firmware updates.[16] Users of the "Preview for Developers" program do not void their warranty in most cases and can install any future firmware that is included with their carrier's official rollout of Windows Phone 8.1.[5]
The Windows Phone software updates delivered through "Preview for Developers" are complete, finished versions of the OS, as opposed to the Windows 10 Mobile builds in the Windows Insider program, which are preview versions of the software that are intended for users to try out new features before the final release and may contain bugs.
Windows Phone 8.1 introduces a host of notable new features, most of which were unveiled in a preview released to developers on February 10, 2014.[17]
Main article: Microsoft Cortana
Cortana on Windows Phone 8.1
Cortana is a personal virtual assistant that was added in Windows Phone 8.1, and is similar to Google Now and Apple's Siri. The Cortana name derives from the Halo video game series, which is a Microsoft franchise exclusive to Xbox and Windows. Cortana's features include being able to set reminders, recognize natural voice without the user having to input a predefined series of commands and answer questions using information from Bing (like current weather and traffic conditions, sports scores, and biographies).
Cortana also uses a special feature called a "Notebook", where it will automatically gather information about and interests of the user based on usage and allow the user to input additional personal information, such as quiet hours and close friends who are allowed to get through to the user during these quiet hours. Users can also delete information from the "Notebook" if they deem it undesirable for Cortana to know.[18]
Windows 8.1's universal Bing SmartSearch features are incorporated into Cortana, which replaces the previous Bing Search app which is activated when a user presses the "Search" button on their device.[19]
This feature, which is currently in beta, was released in the United States in the first half of 2014 and in China, the United Kingdom, India, Canada and Australia in August 2014.[20] Microsoft has committed to updating Cortana twice a month and add features. The new features may include more "easter egg" replies, improvements in UI and better voice modulations.[21]
Main article: Internet Explorer Mobile
Windows Phone 8.1 uses a mobile version of Internet Explorer 11 as the default web browser. IE11 carries over many of its desktop counterpart's improvements, which include support for WebGL, normal mapping, InPrivate mode, Reading mode, and the ability to swipe left or right to navigate to a previous webpage and back. The updated browser also includes a new HTML5 video web player with support for inline playback and closed captions,[22] Windows 8-style website live tiles, and the ability to save passwords. Furthermore, users can now open an unlimited number of tabs, instead of the previous maximum of 6.[23]
If a user is logged in with their Microsoft account on both their Windows 8.1 device and Windows Phone, their tabs on IE11 will now sync automatically.
Apps and Windows Phone Store
App framework
Apps for Windows Phone 8.1 can now be created using the same application model as Windows Store apps for Windows 8.1, based on the Windows Runtime, and the file extension for WP apps is now ".appx" (which is used for Windows Store apps), instead of Windows Phone's traditional ".xap" file format. Applications built for WP8.1 can invoke semantic zoom, as well as access to single sign-on with a Microsoft account. The Windows Phone Store now also updates apps automatically.[24] The store can be manually checked for updates available for applications on a device. It also adds the option to update applications when on Wi-Fi only.
App developers will be able to develop apps using C# / Visual Basic.NET (.NET), C++ (CX) or HTML5/JavaScript, like for Windows 8.
Developers will also be able to build "universal apps" for both Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 8 that share almost all code, except for that specific to the platform, such as user interface and phone APIs.[25]
Any universal apps that have been installed on Windows 8.1 will automatically appear in the user's "My Apps" section on Windows Phone 8.1.
Apps built for Windows Phone 8 and Windows Phone 7 automatically run on Windows Phone 8.1, but apps built for Windows Phone 8.1 will not run on any previous version of Windows Phone.[19]
Windows Phone Store
The Windows Phone Store was redesigned in Windows Phone 8.1 to become more information-dense. App collections, which were previously visible in a different page, are now fully featured on the front column of the Store. There is also no more distinction between Games and other apps; both now show up in the app list, although categories for apps and games (such as "most popular games" or "most popular apps") are still separated. App ratings have been designed to match those of Windows 8.1, with horizontal bars added to indicate how many 5-star, 4-star, or 3-star reviews an app has received. App screenshots now no longer have their own page, but can instead can be viewed at the bottom of the app description page. Furthermore, the Windows Phone Store now includes a "My Apps" section under the three-dot menu which allows users to re-install any app they have purchased previously.[26]
Windows Phone 8.1 support ended on July 11, 2017. The Windows Phone Store on Windows Phone 8.1 was shut down on December 16, 2019.[27][28]
New and revamped apps
Battery Saver adds the ability to track battery usage and determine profiles that will lower power consumption. In addition, the "Background Tasks" page, which allows a user to stop or allow an individual app from running in the background, has been moved from the Settings menu to Battery Saver. In addition to just being able to stop a background task from running, users can now set profiles which will prevent certain apps from running only if the battery level is below a designated percentage.[29]
Storage Sense lets users move files and apps between their phone's hard drive and a microSD card, and incorporates features previously available in the "Settings" section that gave users the ability to delete temporary files to free up storage and uninstall applications.
Wi-Fi Sense automatically signs in Windows Phones to trusted available Wi-Fi hotspots. It also helps to share your own Wi-Fi credentials with your friends and contacts, but without the security compromise i.e. it only shares the WiFi connection without telling your friends the password.[30]
Calendar app now has a week view with current weather, similar to the features in the Microsoft Outlook calendar available to desktop users. The calendar further adds support for syncing Google Calendars with your Windows Phone.[31]
Maps has been overhauled with support for aerial-view, 3D mapping and a dynamic compass. Local Scout, which has been removed from Windows Phone 8.1 in the United States due to the implementation of Cortana, has been moved to Maps. The map also shows nearby WiFi-hotspots, if any available, in your location.[32]
Calling and Skype
The Dialer app adds a "Speed Dial" page, and calls from a single caller in Call History are now grouped. Clicking on the group will reveal individual call details such as the time and date the call was made. A button has been added next to each caller which allows unidentified callers to be added to a user's contact list or brings up information on an existing contact.[33]
Users can now automatically upgrade existing phone calls to Skype video calls from within the phone call UI, which has also been revamped with larger buttons. In addition to a large photo of the contact, text with the user's name and phone number now appear at the top of the screen instead of directly above the dialer. Skype calls can also be directly initiated from Cortana.[34]
Xbox Music and Xbox Video provide streaming services for movies, music, and TV shows, and are separated as opposed to being joined together in previous versions. Notably, Xbox Video now has built-in support for video streaming.[24] In addition to separating its music and video streaming services, 8.1 also adds support for separate volume controls, audio and video transcoding, hardware acceleration, stereoscopic 3D, and the ability for apps to capture and record video independently of the operating system's built-in video recorder. Furthermore, built-in support for streaming through DLNA to monitors and television screens, referred to by Microsoft as PlayTo,[35] is also included, as well as the ability to mirror display from a phone to a separate screen. Media editing tools have also been refined: apps for slow motion video capture, video effects, and audio effects have been added. Microsoft currently provides bi-weekly updates i.e. twice a month, to both of these apps. In August 2014, A2DP and AVRCP support was also added.[36]
The stock camera app has been updated with a more minimalist design similar to that of the camera app on Windows 8.1.[24] Additionally, users can now save high-resolution photos directly to OneDrive, instead of only having the option to upload the 5MP version of the image to the cloud.[37]
Building on improvements made in the third update to its predecessor, Windows Phone 8.1 adds support for closing apps by swiping down on them in the multitasking view (invoked by doing a long-press on the "back" button), which is similar to how multitasking operates on Windows 8 and iOS. Pressing the back button now suspends an app in the multitasking view instead of closing it.[38]
Live tiles
A third column of live tiles, which was previously available only to Windows Phones with 1080p and select phones with 720p screens, is now an option for all Windows Phone 8.1 devices regardless of screen size. Microsoft has also added the ability for users to skin live tiles with a background image.[34]
With the inclusion of Update 1, WP8.1 now lets users drag app tiles on top of each other to create folders of apps on the Start Screen. Each individual app within the folder can still appear as a Live Tile, and opening the folder simply expands it on the Start Screen so the user can rearrange and open apps.[17]
The "Me" hub in Windows Phone 8.1 has been transformed from a single hub to update and maintain all social media accounts to a single hub to a viewer which allows users to view news feeds from social networks. When users click on a Facebook post, for example, they are instantly redirected to the Facebook app, instead of being allowed to like or comment on that post in the "Me" hub itself, a feature available in previous versions of Windows Phone. The Me hub's notification center for social networks has also been removed, as this feature is now integrated into Windows Phone 8.1's Action Center.[39] Supported social networks in the "Me" hub include Facebook, Foursquare, LinkedIn, and Twitter, which has also been fully integrated into the Contacts Hub.[19]
"Threads," which allowed users to seamlessly switch between different chat services, have also been removed from the Messaging app, which is now solely for text messages. Other changes to the messaging app include the ability to select multiple text messages for forwarding or deletion.[17]
Windows Phone 8.1 adds the ability for OEMs and individual apps to customize their custom lock screen themes even further by skinning the font and orientation of time, date, and notification text.[34]
Notifications and settings
Main article: Action Center
Windows Phone 8.1's Action Center
A new notifications center known as "Action Center" has been added, and allows for the ability to change simple settings such as volume controls. The new notifications area's design allows the user to for example change wireless networks, turn Bluetooth and Airplane Mode on or off, and access "Driving Mode" from four customisable boxes at the top of the screen, while beneath these four horizontally placed boxes include recent text messages and social integration.[40][41][42]
Apps can also send users location-specific notifications with the addition of a new geofencing API.[19]
Microsoft has added a Word Flow keyboard in Windows Phone 8.1 that, similarly to the Swype keyboard option available on Android devices, allows users to swipe through letters to type. As the user swipes, the keyboard generates space automatically for the next word to be entered.[34]
The keyboard was touted for its speed and accuracy, and brought fame to Microsoft's research division when fifteen-year-old Lakeside School student Gaurav Sharma, using a Nokia Lumia 520 equipped with Windows Phone 8.1 and the "Word Flow" keyboard, broke the Guinness World Record for the world's fastest typing on a mobile phone, which was previously held by a Samsung Galaxy S4 user, by eight seconds.[43][44] This record was short-lived, which was subsequently beaten a month later by Marcel Fernandes, who finished a quarter of a second faster using the Fleksy Keyboard, a competing keyboard available on iOS and Android.[45] However, as Flesky relies on predictive text algorithms rather than swiping gestures, it is fair to say that "Word Flow" remains the world's fastest "swipe" keyboard on a mobile phone.
Windows Phone 8.1 allows apps to view all files stored on a WP device and move, copy, paste and share the contents of a device's internal file system. As a result of this change, multiple file explorer apps have been released on the Windows Phone Store since the operating system's debut. Microsoft released its own file explorer app on May 30, 2014.[46]
In addition to these changes, SkyDrive has been completely rebranded to OneDrive across the operating system after Microsoft's settlement of a dispute over the "Sky" trademark with BSkyB. Users are also presented with multiple options when a Windows Phone 8.1 device is connected to a computer via USB.
Enterprise improvements
Windows Phone 8.1 adds support for VPN and Bluetooth 4.0 LE.[24] With the release of Update 1, receiving or sending data through VPN when connecting to a Wi-Fi network and the Bluetooth PAN (Personal Area Network) 1.0 standard are also supported.
Apps Corner is a kiosk mode that allows users to restrict usage to a select group of applications and boot straight into a specific app.[17]
Main article: List of Windows Phone 8.1 devices
Windows Phone 8.1 devices are currently manufactured by Microsoft Mobile (formerly Nokia) and its hardware partners, including HTC, Gionee, JSR, Karbonn, Micromax, Samsung, Alcatel,[47] Lava (under both the Lava and Xolo brands), Cherry Mobile, and Blu.[48][49] Additionally, Gionee, JSR, LG, Lenovo, Longcheer, and ZTE have registered as Windows Phone hardware partners, but have yet to release Windows Phone products. Sony (under the Xperia or Vaio brand) has also stated its intention to produce Windows Phone devices in the near future, but this has not materialized.[50] During BUILD 2014, Microsoft announced two additional hardware partners - Micromax and Prestigio.[51]
Starting with Windows Phone 8.1, several hardware buttons that were previously required on Windows Phone are no longer a requirement for device manufacturers, a move that was made in order to allow OEMs to develop devices that can run both WP and Android; the HTC One (M8) for Windows is an example of such a device.
WP now supports on-screen buttons that OEMs can use to replace the capacitive "back, "Windows", and "search" buttons that have been required for devices running the OS since 2010. The new on-screen buttons can be hidden by swiping them to the side of the screen.[52]
Windows Phone device manufacturers are also no longer required to include a physical camera button on the side of the phone.
Windows Phone 8.1 minimum device requirements
Qualcomm Snapdragon S4, Snapdragon 200, Snapdragon 400, or Snapdragon 800 multi-core processor[53]
Minimum 512 MB RAM for WVGA phones; minimum 1 GB RAM for 720p / WXGA / 1080p
Minimum 4 GB flash memory
GPS and A-GNSS; GLONASS is supported if OEMs decide to include it
Support for micro-USB 2.0
3.5 mm stereo headphone jack with three-button detection support
Rear-facing AF camera with optional LED or Xenon flash, optional front-facing camera (both need to be VGA or better)
Accelerometer, proximity sensors, as well as vibration motor (magnetometer, gyroscope and ambient light sensors are optional)
802.11b/g and Bluetooth (802.11n is optional)
DirectX graphics hardware support with hardware acceleration for Direct3D using programmable GPU
Multi-touch capacitive touch screen with minimum of four simultaneous points
Main article: Windows Phone version history § Windows Phone 8.1
Tom Warren of The Verge said that it is clear that the Windows Phone OS is being left behind by its competitors. Although the Windows Phone store has many apps, there are still less than the Android and iOS stores, and the Windows Phone apps equivalents are severely lacking. However, he commends Windows Phone for its ability to run smoothly across a wide variety of hardware and the thoughtful addition of features.[54]
Telephones portal
^ http://www.windowscentral.com/lumia-930-users-can-grab-windows-phone-81-update-2-windows-insider-app
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Official website (Archive)
Windows Phone 8.1 at Curlie
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-phone-8-1-end-of-support-faq-7f1ef0aa-0aaf-0747-3724-5c44456778a3
Removed features
Device software
Bing Mobile
Bing Audio
Bing Vision
Groove Music
Internet Explorer Mobile
MSN Mobile
Office Mobile
Skype app for Windows Phone
Xbox Live on Windows Phone
Windows Live for Mobile
Zune Media Player
Zune software
Lumia Software Recovery Tool
Windows Phone Recovery Tool
Hotmail Mobile
Calendar Mobile
People Mobile
My Windows Phone
.NET Compact Framework
DVLUP
Nokia phones beta labs
SQL Server Compact
Windows Phone 7 devices
Windows Phone 8.1 devices
Windows 10 Mobile devices
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Windows 9x
NT 3.1
NT 3.51
Pro x64
Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
8, 8.1
Windows RT
Home Server
EBS 2008
HPC Server 2008
Server 2008 R2
Home Server 2011
MultiPoint Server
Server Essentials
Windows Preinstallation Environment
Windows IoT
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10 Mobile
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List of versions
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Defunct:
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Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
Magic Cap
Nintendo 3DS system software
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Nokia Asha platform
PalmDOS
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ThreadX
Cloud clients
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I am writing you as President of Citizens of the Ebey's Reserve for a Healthful, Safe and Peaceful Environment ("COER"). COER is a Washington non-profit corporation situated in Central Whidbey Island, Washington and is dedicated to the closure of the Navy Outlying Field Coupeville ("OLF").The OLF is a 1942 emergency landing strip designed for aircraft of that era but is currently being used by EA18G Growlers and EA6B Prowlers based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island ("NASWI") for field carrier landing practice ("FCLP").
At the outset let me state that COER has one and only one goal: to close OLF Coupeville.
The OLF immediately abuts Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve ("Ebey's"), a 24,000 acre "National Park" which was established by Congress to protect and celebrate this culturally and historically significant area. The Town of Coupeville, the center of Ebey's Reserve, is the second oldest town in Washington State and is a showcase of Victorian era architecture. Ebey's Reserve preserves and demonstrates a way of American coastal frontier life that no longer exists. Ebey's could be described as the Pacific Northwest's version of Williamsburg, Virginia. Ebey's Reserve is also an important migratory bird habitat. Military flight operations conducted over this sensitive area are destroying this National treasure.
Navy operations are also severely damaging the lives of thousands of people who live in and around Ebey's Reserve. Our children play baseball and soccer directly under the Navy flight path with jets less than 500 feet overhead. Jets fly over our hospital. It is undisputed that Navy FCLP operations are completely incompatible with residential development, and yet they are ongoing over residential areas of Central Whidbey.
In a 2005 Environmental Assessment (EA) prepared by the Navy with regard to bringing the Growlers to Whidbey Island, and again in a 2012 EA prepared in conjunction with bringing additional squadrons, the Navy inaccurately represented the impacts of such deployments upon Central Whidbey. Those EAs represented that overall noise levels would be reduced, largely because there would be fewer operations conducted at the OLF, and consequently there would be a reduction in adverse impacts upon the local communities. As the Growlers began to transition into Whidbey however, those representations proved false.
As revealed by our group through independent scientific testing, human beings perceive the Growler as much louder than the Prowler. Decibel measurements at various locations around the OLF revealed highly dangerous noise levels from Growler operations. Moreover, instead of the promised fewer operations, flight operations at the OLF were expanded, reaching intolerable levels in 2011 and by 2012 they were 300% of 2008 operations. Because the Navy would not directly address our concerns, we were obligated to file a NEPA action in Federal court. Recently the Navy conceded the validity of this NEPA action and agreed to re-open the 2005 and 2012 EAs. However, the Navy is now seeking to bring in even more Growlers as part of this newly agreed-to EIS process.
The Navy's misrepresentations have severely damaged its image and reputation in our community and elsewhere (as attested by the hundreds who view our website and blogs daily). On Whidbey Island there is a growing discussion for total base closure. There is a movement on the north end of Whidbey Island to relocate all Growlers to a secluded unpopulated training facility. Further, people in other areas of the country impacted by military flight noise and training are watching our progress, asking us for help in their areas, taking lessons from what we are doing here. We are clearly having an impact with our single issue: closing OLF Coupeville.
It is undisputed that our cause is generating tremendous public awareness. However, our objective to close the OLF has, not surprisingly, been mischaracterized and demonized. Business interests in the City of Oak Harbor to the north are afraid that closing the OLF might result in the loss of NAS Whidbey Island and have initiated a counter-public relations campaign. As a result our Whidbey Island community has become divided in an ugly way. A campaign has been started in Oak Harbor to boycott all Coupeville businesses, whether they support closing the OLF or not. Worse, threats of violence have been made against American citizens on record in support of closing the OLF merely for exercising their Constitutional Rights of free speech and seeking government redress. This is not how Americans should treat each other and is further damaging the image of the Navy and of our federal government.
I must emphasize, the members of our organization are not anti-Navy and are not trying to close NASWI. I repeat COER is limited in its focus to one issue, one very small part of the Navy's overall operations: closing the OLF.
As we see the situation, the U.S. Navy has always had and wants to maintain a sterling reputation and be honored rather than mistrusted and despised. It cannot flex its muscles and ignore its severe effects on its neighbors simply because it has the power to do so. The large controversy brewing here is without doubt tarnishing the Navy's reputation.
People in four counties around NASWI are losing tens and probably hundreds of millions in property values due to Navy over flights. With current sequestration and defense budget cuts the cost to the Navy of compensating all those who are impacted by NASWI jet noise is potentially enormous and would devastate the historical culture and current economy.
Instead, our group wants to work with the Navy to structure a closure and transfer of OLF Coupeville. If the Navy agreed tomorrow in a binding manner to close the OLF, COER would close up shop and dissolve. Until then, we will be relentless and continue to grow our cause and protect our Whidbey Island communities and our historical way of life.
The Navy has many options and alternatives beyond maintaining the negative status quo with its impacts on our physical and mental health, property values, safety, and business growth. Claims that the Navy has no alternative other than to use the OLF are an obvious distortion, as proven by the fact that the Navy suspended all operations at the OLF last June in anticipation of our lawsuit. There are no FCLPs being conducted today at the OLF; yet training goes on. Similarly, claims that an OLF must be within 50 miles of its main base also ring false when one considers that the Navy in Virginia Beach tried very hard to move its FCLP to a new OLF in the lowlands of North Carolina, over 100 miles to the south.
We believe it makes more sense for the Navy to close the OLF and conduct FCLP training at a safe, modern facility. Suggested alternatives are building a parallel runway at NASWI or moving the Growler squadrons to a different location altogether. We understand that the Navy facilities at China Lake, a remote unpopulated location, would welcome the Growlers with open arms. NASWI could continue to be the home base for the new P8A Squadrons thus maintaining the Navy's position in the Pacific Northwest without negatively impacting the residents of Whidbey Island and surrounding areas.
On the other hand, battling to continue the use of the World War II era OLF does not make any rational sense. The OLF is not safe for the pilots who train there, for the people of Central Whidbey who live there, and certainly not for the thousands each year that visit Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve.
This should not be a test of wills. The operations at the OLF are a serious crisis that needs to be addressed rationally. It is time for someone in a position of authority to stand up and acknowledge that a different solution must be found. Continuing or, worse yet, expanding Navy flight operations at the OLF is simply not an option for Central Whidbey and is guaranteed to result in years of federal litigation. We are requesting that each of you put aside any preconceived notions and work with us to find a solution to this problem before this social and cultural divide worsens. If we work together we can come up with a solution. We at COER stand ready.
I don't think anyone wants the Navy to leave Whidbey Island. But you make a good case about the OLF.
Beside China Lake, alternate operational OLF sites would include Fallon, Nevada and Lemoore, California. How about the military training grounds just over the hills toward Yakima? The argument that they are too far because an OLF must be close to the home base because of limited fuel requirements during "critical" landing operations sounds like a "red herring" because these bases have fueling and defueling facilities. As for so-called high cost for correcting landing and takeoff hazards, a few years ago the Navy chipped in $777,000 allegedly to mitigate flight hazards to just one property questionably affected by landing flight path issues. (http://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/news/18223339.html) Then there are safety factors concerning hwy. 20 where it curves around OLF. The noise from an F18 is more distracting than a cell phone in a driver's ear.
Then too, some folks remember when the Navy offered to sell the OLF to the county for $1 and had no takers. Anyone interested? How about that sonic boom that rattled the Oak Harbor area a few days ago that the Navy disallows responsibility for? Anyone believe it was caused by a high school kid's hot rod with wings? Maybe it was a passing elephant with a bad case of flatulence. There seems to be a credibility issue as big as all outdoors.
Please document all scientific claims with appropriate links to published studies.
All information is on our links pages.
Please feel free to study them and understand where our information is from.
The meaning of the word "perception" is easily found by yourself in most good dictionaries.


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Do you own a small business and would like to learn more about WordPress Plugins? Here is an introductory of what to check first before you shop and the top 5 best Plugins that can add value to your current WordPress website.
First off, understanding how your customers interact with your website will help you decide which plugins can benefit your bottom line. You'll want to make sure you have the basic tools for your website before exploring WordPress plugins.
Now lets take a look at some of the top WordPress plugins. With 22,129 WordPress plugins, where does one start? Too many plugins will bog down your site and lower its performance, so you need to choose wisely.
A 301 redirect is a response status code informing search engines and browsers that a web page or even an entire website has been permanently moved to a new location (URL). A 301 will automatically redirect the user to the new URL and is the best way to insure that search engines are directed to the correct page.
In any business venture, technical support is always important. As a website owner, the technical support that your Web Hosting Service provides will be crucial to your business. If your website is offline or working improperly, it will cost you in sales.
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So do other people. I have been concerned about this for a while. I do not want to give specific names but anyone familiar with the histories on bookshare knows what I am talking about.
It is one thing if you actually eventually validate a book even if you hold it and others for a long time. I know I sometimes validate shorter easier books while working longterm on some other bigger book project.
If we have about a thousand signed up volunteers and only about three hundred active volunteers I just want to make sure the step 1 list is being used for ints intended purpose and not as a free subscription to bookshare.


text:
West London Nissan buys Dan Perkins
West London Nissan has doubled its number of sites and boosted its £40m turnover by 50% with its acquisition of Dan Perkins (GB) Ltd.
The deal adds Nissan showrooms in Slough, High Wycombe and Eastcote.
Naeem Hanif, managing director of WLN's holding company, Hanif Automotive, says: "This expansion represents a significant milestone for WLN, and the additional sites will complement our existing businesses perfectly."
Hanif says the Dan Perkins business is "struggling" and had been going downhill for a few years. Nevertheless, he expects to get it into profit in three to six months, and build turnover from the current £18m up to £35m.
The dealerships will continue to trade as Dan Perkins, but will incorporate group working practices and benefit from centralized sales support and administration.
Hanif has moved in general managers promoted from other WLN sites, plans training for staff, will re-introduce a trade parts business and wants to update two sites.


text:
Q: How to pass the "lnkclass" value from partial view to stored procedure in mvc application? I have created parent and partial view. I am making an ajax call (using the $.load() function) to call my RacesName() method to get a value associated with the data-raceid attribute a my buttons. I then want to update the text generated by @ViewBag.Name with that value.
I getting following error

GET http://localhost:53987/Races/RacesName?id=103646584 500 (Internal
  Server Error)

Model
public class clsStakes
{
    public string Date { get; set; }
    public int? RaceId { get; set; }
    public string Race { get; set; }
}

Controller
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Stakes(ClsStakes clsStakes)
{
    return View(clsStakes);//return parent view
}

public ActionResult RacesName(ClsStakes clsStakes, int? id)
{
    RacesDetails racesDetails = new RacesDetails();
    ViewBag.Name = racesDetails.RaceName(id);
     return View(clsStakes); // I think this part is creating problem.
}

Parent view

     @ViewBag.Name

Partial View (this is rendered in the
 element of the main view using a separate ajax call which is working)

        @Html.DisplayNameFor(m => m.Date)
        @Html.DisplayNameFor(m => m.Race)

    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {

            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Date)

                <button class="linkClass" type="button" data-raceid="@item.RaceId">@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Race)</button>

    }

Script to get raceid
$('#mypartial').on('click', '.linkClass', function () {
    var race = $(this).data("raceid");
    var raceid = '@Url.Action("RacesName", "Stakes")?id=' + race;
    $(this).load(raceid);
});

Finally,Procedure to get the racename
public string RaceName(int? Id)
{
    SqlParameter[] prms = new SqlParameter[1];
    string sSQL;
    var RaceName = "";
    sSQL = "exec StakesRacesGetRaceDetails @Id";
    prms[0] = new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.Int);
    prms[0].Value = Id;
    ds = clsUtilities.CreateCommandwithParams(sSQL, prms);
    DataTable dataTable = ds.Tables[0];
    if(dataTable.Rows.Count>0)
    {
        DataRow row = dataTable.Rows[0];
        RaceName = Convert.ToString(row["race_header"]);
    }
    return RaceName;
}

A: A 500 (Internal Server Error) means your controller method is throwing and exception. You can use you browser tools (the Network tab) to inspect the result of you ajax call which will show the details of the exception. In this case, as identified in the comments, you do not have a view named RacesName.cshtml
One option is to create a partial view named (say) _RacesName.cshtml which contains only
@ViewBag.Name

and then the controller method will be
public ActionResult RacesName(int? id)
{
    RacesDetails racesDetails = new RacesDetails();
    ViewBag.Name = racesDetails.RaceName(id);
    return PartialView("_RacesName");
}

and modify the main view to

@ViewBag.Name
 // add container element

and the script to
$('#mypartial').on('click', '.linkClass', function () {
    var race = $(this).data("raceid");
    var url = '@Url.Action("RacesName", "Stakes")?id=' + race;
    $('#racename').load(url);
});

Alternatively, you can just return a JsonResult and update the DOM.
Modify the controller to
public ActionResult RacesName(int? id)
{
    RacesDetails racesDetails = new RacesDetails();
    string raceName = racesDetails.RaceName(id);
    return JsonResult(raceName, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}

And the script to
$('#mypartial').on('click', '.linkClass', function () {
    var race = $(this).data("raceid");
    var url = '@Url.Action("RacesName", "Stakes")';
    $.getJSON(url, { id: race }, function(response) {
        $('#racename').text(response);
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Providence holds tax sale on delinquent properties, seeks to recoup $2.9M
By Tatiana Pina
dir="ltr">PROVIDENCE, R.I. � - The city began its annual tax sale Thursday morning at City Hall with the delinquent taxes of 532 properties up for sale and 157 interested bidders.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. � - The city began its annual tax sale Thursday morning at City Hall with the delinquent taxes of 532 properties up for sale and 157 interested bidders.
The delinquent taxes reflects $2.9 million dollars owed to the city, according to Maria Mansolillo, assistant tax collector.
Tax collector John Murphy warned bidders that the numbers on their paddles were printed only on one side. He also told them not to jump from their seats to bid and that Rhode Island Housing has the right of first refusal on properties.
Getting a front row at the council chambers for bidding is key since the acoustics are bad and it�s dark. A short person in the back could get obscured by taller people and lack of light.
Of course, it is always good to have people who bid for you, so your chances increase.
Developer Patrick T. Conley stood in the middle of crowd holding up paddle number 91 with gusto. He said he has been coming to tax sales for 34 years. Conley said he had six other people bidding for him. He said there are usually about eight other regulars with three to six people bidding. Conley said he was looking for vacant houses that he could turn around and sell to owner-occupants.
The holder of paddle 81 was among the first winners of a bid.
At about the third or fourth bid, a sea of paddles went up only to hear the auctioneer say, �Rhode Island Housing,� followed by a collective groan from the bidders.
Joann Noonan, of Rhode Island Housing, sat up front with a five-inch stack of property lists. The agency purchases some of the tax liens and holds them for five years while it works with homeowners to make arrangement for payments.
Property is subject to a �tax sale� when the taxes are seriously delinquent. �Tax sale� means the city asks an interested third party to pay the taxes.
In exchange for the payment, the city puts a tax lien on the property in favor of the party who paid the taxes.
The property owner has a year and a day to pay the third party the back taxes and fees. If they cannot, the third party has the right to take title to the property through the court. The proceeding is called �foreclosing the right of redemption.�
Juan Morales, of 13 Whitehall St. in Providence, who came with his wife and had a paddle ready, said he wanted to bid on a small piece of property behind his. The couple did not have a list of the properties everybody was holding and crossing off. They stood in the back listening for the name of the owner.


text:
Childrenadmin2021-11-11T11:56:26+00:00
The Facts on Childhood Illnesses
There are so many childhood diseases, infectious and noninfectious, that it would be impossible to list them all here. However, we will introduce some of the most common ones, including viral and bacterial infections as well as allergic and immunologic illnesses.
A number of different viruses cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways), which affects children less than 1 year of age. Most commonly, it is caused by RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), but it can also be caused by influenza and other common viruses associated with upper respiratory symptoms such as fever, runny nose, and cough. A common symptom of bronchiolitis includes all of the above and wheezing (the same symptom observed in children with asthma). It is common in the winter months, and some infants will require admission to a hospital when the respiratory symptoms are very severe. The treatment of bronchiolitis is different from asthma; however, some of the same medications might be used. For a small percentage of infants, this first wheezing episode may be a harbinger of a future diagnosis of asthma, but for most, it is a onetime event.
Ear infections are very common in children and are caused by a dysfunction of the Eustachian tubes, the tubes that connect the inner ears to the throat and serve as a drain for any fluid that may collect there. When fluid collects, it attracts bacteria and other germs, which may multiply and cause a symptomatic infection. Symptoms include fever, ear pain, tugging on the ear, or even drainage from the ear canal. Treatment of ear infections may involve observation or antibiotics. Occasionally, the fluid inside the middle ear may need to be drained.
When fluid in the middle ear builds up and fails to clear up on its own or after treatment, it may need to be surgically drained. This procedure is called tympanocentesis. A needle is inserted into the middle ear and fluid is removed. Sometimes, because of recurrent infections or a chronic effusion (fluid that persists for at least three months), a tympanostomy tube may need to be inserted in the tympanic membrane (eardrum), which allows the middle ear to drain and function appropriately. The tubes remain in place and generally fall out by themselves after about a year. In most cases, the eardrum heals and functions normally after this procedure.
Croup is common in young children. A number of different viruses cause croup, and inflammation of the upper airways, including the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe), cause symptoms. These symptoms include a barking cough and stridor, a wheeze on inspiration. Most children with croup can be treated at home, but occasionally, when severe enough, hospitalization may be required. Treatment may include steroids and inhaled medications for the more severe cases. Always check with your doctor if you are concerned or if your child appears ill.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Coxsackievirus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is extremely common during the summer and early fall and resolves on its own after about 10 days. The virus causes fever, sore throat, and blisters inside the mouth, on the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet. There is no medical treatment for the infection, except supportive care including pain relievers.
Pinkeye is also called conjunctivitis. A virus is the most common cause of pinkeye, but a bacterial infection can cause it on occasion. Pinkeye is very contagious and can spread through schools and day cares quickly. Always talk with a health-care professional to determine whether additional therapy is needed, but most cases resolve within five days.
A virus called parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This very common infection appears in the majority of children as a cold followed by a rash on the face and body. The typical description of the rash is a "slapped-cheek" appearance, since the rash is usually bright and appears as a reddish patch. The rash usually resolves within a week to 10 days. The only major risk of parvovirus is to pregnant women who have never been exposed to parvovirus in the past. There is a significant risk to the fetus for those individuals.
Rotavirus infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children in less developed countries where access to the rotavirus vaccine is limited. The infection causes significant fever, vomiting, and diarrhea in children. This can often lead to serious problems with dehydration, especially in very young children and infants. Before the introduction of the vaccine in the United States, rotavirus infection was a very common cause for hospital admission. Current studies indicate that the virus has resulted in up to 95% fewer admissions due to rotavirus infection to hospitals as result of vaccination.


text:
Loughborough (, ) este un oraș în comitatul Leicestershire, regiunea East Midlands, Anglia. Orașul se află în districtul Charnwood a cărui reședință este.

Orașul are o universitate, care este situată în sudul acestuia.

Orașe înfrățite
 Épinal, Franța
 Gembloux, Belgia
 Schwäbisch Hall, Germania
 Zamość, Polonia
 Bhavnagar, India

Orașe din Anglia


The Onera M6 wing is a classic CFD validation case for external flows because of its simple geometry combined with complexities of transonic flow (i.e. local supersonic flow, shocks, and turbulent boundary layers separation). The CFD simulations use the flow field conditions of Test 2308 of the Schmitt and Charpin report [Ref.3]: Reynolds number of 11.72 × 106, Mach number of 0.8395 and the angle of attack of 3.06°. Fig. 3-6 shows the geometric layout of the wing.


Nowadays, we have subcontracted out the memorising of numbers to our devices, not our brains. You used to have to know someone's number to be able to dial it, or look it up in a phone directory or the soon-to-be extinct Yellow Pages.
It could be quite a soothing activity, sitting at your telephone table, using the rotary dial to get through to someone, consulting your Filofax to make sure you had the number correct. These days landlines not only no longer have the curly lines attaching them to their base, but also come with Caller ID. You don't see the number calling you unless they're not in your own personal directory, the one inside your phone, kept up-to-date by tiny elves. And if that number's not in your personal directory, you're obviously not going to answer. You're going to ignore it in case it's someone in India who is going to try to sell you insurance, or a robot asking you for your valued feedback on your annual boiler service.
Now, we live in an almost number-free world. We instruct our phones to call Mary or Matthew, or our mothers. If we lost our devices, we face the distinct possibility of never being able to communicate with our loved ones again in our lifetimes.
Unless we go round to their house and knock on the door. And then write down their phone number.
Or try to remember it.
I rely on my tiny elves.


The Genesee Opportunity (GO) stipend provides Genesee County high school graduates with money for college, career training, or certification licensing fees. To be eligible, you must have lived in, and graduated from a high school in, Genesee County, Michigan.
The GO stipend is not based on income or grades, and is funded through a millage approved by Genesee County voters.


Wintersong... A reminder of the '80s?
That being said, I am starting to realize there were a ton of little bits that made the 80's the 80's that I had no clue about!
Specifically, I had no clue what Labyrinth was/is. Granted, I know who David Bowie is, and I even know who Jennifer Connelly is, but that movie, well it never crossed my path. And my life has been fine. If you are shaking your head at me right now, I'm sorry!
Elizabeth, or Liesl, has spent her life in the shadow of her little brother's (Josef) musical talent, or next to her gorgeous younger sister (Kathe). She has pushed her own desire to compose music down so that she could be a dutiful daughter and sister. But when Kathe is lured into the Underground by the Goblin King, Liesl decides that saving her sister is worth giving up everything, including the tiny dream she still clings to of writing music that will be heard around the world.
While most of the story happening in Goblin King's underground realm, there is a long build up and introduction that is focus on the family dynamic. It is slow, but steady, and full of hints at the magic that allows for the changing of the seasons. Yet it's only a myth for the longest time.
The story if full of darkness, magic, family love, sacrificial love, and hope for more. Mostly, this is a story that is unlike any other that are on the shelves today.
I fell in love with the music of this story. Liesl writes and plays the piano, while her brother and father play the violin. The technical points of music are spot on, and advanced, so it's nice to know that Jae-Jones did her homework, or is writing from her own wealth of knowledge (I probably should have found that out...) I found it fascinating that the Goblin King holds so tightly to his music, even when the power of the Lord of Mischief seems to have nothing to do with the beauty of song.
I enjoyed Elisabeth greatly. She is not your typical female protagonist. She is plain, maybe even bordering on ugly at times, and she doesn't try to climb over people to elevate her status in life. She is simply focused on helping her family get the best out of life as they possibly can. Yet, she still longs for more - doesn't that just sound like a normal person?
And I want to know more about the Goblin King... even by the end of the book, I have more questions about him than answers... and I am pretty sure it has nothing to do with David Bowie.
The beginning was way too long. It was slow, and hard to really get into. Granted there were enough hints at what was to come that I kept reading, but compared to the second half, it was boring. I am not sure how to make it better, maybe a little less exposition in the first half, and more action?
I would have liked to have known more about Kathe. Since the first half of the book was all about Liesl's family, I wished Kathe would have been a more complex character.
I am giving this a four heart rating... maybe four and a half... because I am in love with the overall story. It's captivating, and I am already anxious to read the sequel (I have been told that there is one coming!). I can't give it five hearts though because of that beginning... but do not let that stop you. If any small part of the story intrigues you, pick it!
So this book is tagged as YA, and to me, that's a little off.. I think it's more of a NA because of the level of some of the scenes. If I remember correctly Elizabeth is 18, which would put her just on the edge of the YA audience, and there are some extremely risque scenes near the end with her and Goblin King that most high schoolers probably don't need.... Not to mention all the darkness of the underground and goblins... well maybe that's fine... but still this is a more mature story line in general.
I would recommend this book to anyone who enjoys fantasy stories. It is full of mystery, which helps get through the slow build up of the beginning. And if you are part of that die-hard Labyrinth fan group, I would love to hear what your expectations would be for a retelling.
Also, if you are a fan of fairy tales, you will like this one... think Brothers Grimm darkness with lessons and adventure... it's fabulous.
So the Goblin King deals with a great amount of guilt, without giving a ton of spoilers, just trust me... about how he must keep the goblins working in order to allow the seasons to change every year and support the humans and their world. And that guilt drives him into evilness that is amazing. I can't help but see how every person can fall into the same power of guilt when we focus alone on it and not on love and hope. While reading this story, it could be interesting to look at the power of guilt and the power of love... how the two repel each other and keep us on a spiral of up and down depending on how we focus on minds.
I have to know, who has seen Labyrinth? What were your thoughts? Or how about music lovers out there? Who plays instruments? Who is moved by the power the music holds?