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Climate: Past, Present & Future | How glowing sediment can help to decipher the Earth's past climate !
Climate: Past, Present & Future
EGU Blogs » Divisions » Climate: Past, Present & Future » How glowing sediment can help to decipher the Earth's past climate !
How glowing sediment can help to decipher the Earth's past climate !
Svenja Riedesel, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom	September 3, 2018	Climate of the Past No Comments
The glowing sediment
The last 2.5 Million years of the Earth's history (termed Quaternary) are characterised by climatic cycles oscillating between warm (interglacial) and cold (glacial) periods. To be able to fully understand and interpret past climate variations the development of accurate and precise chronological techniques is crucial. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is a strong geochronological tool that can be used to date across a wide time range, from the modern days to a few hundred thousand years ago. It has been used to date sediments in nearly all parts of the world. The event that is being dated is the last time the sediment has been exposed to daylight, which means that the luminescence age is directly related to the time of sediment deposition.
How does OSL work?
OSL dating is based on the ability of minerals to store energy (Preusser et al., 2008). Luckily quartz and feldspar, the two most common minerals in the Earth's crust have this ability. They work like small batteries, which get charged when the sediment is buried (Fig. 1 C, Duller, 2008). This is due to radiation from naturally occurring radioactive material (uranium, thorium and potassium) in the surrounding sediment, and from cosmic rays for samples closer to the surface. Like a battery, the quartz and feldspar grains have a finite capacity for storing energy. Once completely charged, the battery-like grain is considered as being saturated. This upper age limit of OSL dating depends on the ability of the grain to store the energy and on the rate at which the grain is charged (i.e. the dose rate, derived from uranium, thorium, potassium and cosmic radiation). If the surrounding material is very radioactive, the dose rate is very high, which means that the grain saturates rather quickly (Fig. 1C), but if the dose rate is low, the battery-like grain charges more slowly and OSL can be used to date geomorphological processes further back in time. Exposure to natural sunlight will remove charge from the grain. This bleaching or resetting occurs e.g. during sediment transport and deposition (Fig. 1A, D). Subsequently, the sediment can be buried again and the grain will get charged (Fig. 1D) until it is saturated, or until the sediment is transported and re-deposited, or is sampled (Fig. 1F). Once sampled in opaque tubes (Fig. 2 A), so that no daylight can affect the amount of energy stored in the grains, the sample is ready to be processed in the laboratory.
Figure 1: . Accumulation and release of charge within mineral grains (modified from Duller, 2008). (A) During transport of sediment the accumulated charge gets released due to energy provided by natural sunlight; (B) At deposition, the charge is fully released and the "battery" is emptied; (C) Charge can accumulate within the grain during burial due to natural ionising radiation; (D) and (E) The process described before can happen multiple times over geological times scales, depending on the environment and the geological processes; (F) When a sample is taken in opaque tubes or using cores the stored energy at that particular time gets sampled and can later be released in the laboratory to obtain a luminescence age.
What happens in the laboratory?
Sample preparation involves multiple steps to isolate the right minerals and grain size for dating. A key step is the decision on the mineral that will be used for dating. Whilst quartz gets reset more quickly when exposed to sunlight, feldspar has the potential of dating events further back in time.
The energy stored in the mineral grains cannot only be released by natural sunlight, but also in the laboratory using a defined wavelength under controlled conditions (Fig. 2B). During this process, the grain emits light, which is collected. This emitted light gives information on the amount of stored energy (Duller et al., 2008; Preusser et al., 2008). When comparing this light output, from a natural radiation dose received, to a light output generated by a known laboratory dose, the so-called laboratory equivalent dose is obtained. This equivalent dose (in Gy), divided by the natural dose rate (in Gy/1,000 years) will give the OSL age in thousand years (Duller et al., 2008; Preusser et al., 2008). OSL dating can be done using different grain sizes of sediment, either mounted as patches of grains on aluminium or steel discs (Fig. 2E) or as single grains, brushed into very small holes on a disc (Fig. 2C, D). As an alternative to grains, slices of rock can be used (e.g. Sohbati et al., 2011; Jenkins et al., 2018). Important is a representative number of sub-samples, which will be analysed using statistical means to get a valid age (Galbraith et al., 1999; Galbraith and Roberts, 2012).
Figure 2: (A) Sampling of sediment in an opaque tube for OSL dating; (B) Luminescence instruments (here Risø Readers) used to date the samples. The picture also shows the photographic read light conditions under which samples are prepared and measured to avoid resetting of the battery-like grains; (C) Sample carousel with single grain discs; (D) Close-up of a single grain discs containing grains in 100 holes (300 µm in diameter); (E) Steel discs containing fine silt size material (4-11 µm). Credit photos: (A) H. M. Roberts, (B)-(D) S. Riedesel, (E) A. M. Zander.
Where can and has OSL dating been applied? –Some examples from past climate research
Luminescence dating can be a valuable geochronological tool in very different climatic parts of the Earth: the terrestrial systems with loess and lake records for example, the glacial land system, with a focus on ice marginal archives and the deep marine archives with long sedimentary records.
Terrestrial archives – loess and lakes
Loess is silt-size (4-63 μm) sediment transported by wind (aeolian transport), which has been exposed to sufficient daylight to fully reset the stored luminescence signal. This makes it favourable for luminescence dating. The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is the Earth's most important terrestrial climate archive. Changes in the accumulation of loess and/or the occurrence of soil horizons within the loess sequences, give information on changes in past climate (e.g. temperature, wind direction and intensity, precipitation). For a long time it has been considered as a continuous past climate archive (Liu and Ding, 1998). High-resolution OSL dating at different sites across the CLP gave new insights. It showed that the loess record is neither homogenous nor continuous (Stevens et al., 2007; Stevens et al., 2018). Unconformities could be detected and related to erosional processes, disturbances or diagenetic modifications (Roberts et al., 2001; Stevens et al., 2007; Buylaert et al., 2008). The application of OSL dating to loess has also helped to gain knowledge on e.g. variations in wind directions in the past (e.g. the East Asian Monsoon behaviour; Stevens et al., 2006; Kang et al., 2018).
Lake sediments also provide long records of past climate changes. Lamb et al. (2018) established a chronology based on a combination of OSL and radiocarbon dates for the past 150,000 years of Lake Tana in Ethiopia. This chronology helped to infer time spans of favourable climatic conditions for early human migrations. Another example is the late Quaternary chronology of the Xingkai Lake in northeast Asia by Long et al. (2015). It spans the past 130,000 years and shows how important independent age control is when performing geochronological research. The combination of OSL and radiocarbon ages highlights the potential of OSL to date events beyond the age range of radiocarbon (ca. 45,000 years, Walker, 2005).
Remnants of former lakes can also be used as archives, e.g. the beach ridges, marking former shorelines of palaeo-lake systems in the present day Kalahari Desert, bear witness to a wetter climate in the past (Burrough et al., 2009). OSL has been the key tool to establish a 280,000 year chronology of these palaeo-lake high-stands, giving insights into late Quaternary changes between arid and humid phases in southern Africa (Burrough et al., 2009).
The deep sea – Potential and challenges of these long records using OSL
In marine sediments, OSL dating can be used in addition to radiocarbon dating, or to date beyond the range of the latter (Stokes et al., 2003; Olley et al., 2004, Armitage and Pinder, 2017), or where insufficient biogenic carbonate is available. As radiocarbon dating of material in marine sediments can suffer from a reservoir age induced by old carbon in marine water, OSL dating can be a useful alternative (Olley et al., 2004). However, OSL dating of marine sediments can be challenging, since transport and deposition of the sediment under water complicates the bleaching of the sediment grains (Olley et al., 2004, Armitage and Pinder, 2017). Nevertheless, successful OSL research has been conducted in deep-sea environments. For example, Sugisaki et al. (2010) were able to establish an OSL-chronology of sediments from the Okhotsk Sea, including the last glacial-interglacial transition by covering a time span from 140,000 to 15,000 years.
Glacial land forms – Ice marginal features: What can they tell us about glacial advance and retreat?
OSL dating can be used in the cryosphere, e.g. to date relics of past glaciations. Smedley et al. (2016) used single grains of feldspar to date glacial advances during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in Patagonia. While their results for glacial advances at the onset of and during the LGM correlate with other studies in South America, the final glacial advance in their study area at ~15,000 years is later than elsewhere, which may hint towards local topographic and regional climatic factors (precipitation), controlling glacial responses, or preservation issues elsewhere.
The recent development of dating cobbles in glacial contexts not only enables the age determination of glacial features, such as glaciofluvial sediments, it also gives further insights into the transport history of the cobbles prior to their burial (Freiesleben et al., 2015; Jenkins et al., 2018). Cobbles can record the deposition event in a similar way to the one described above for much finer grained sediment. The great advantage of cobbles is their potential to record multiple exposure events (Freiesleben et al., 2015). In the case of a cobble from the Isle of Man, it potentially records the advance and retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (Jenkins et al., 2018).
The examples presented here show the wide applicability of OSL dating to directly date the last exposure of sediment to daylight in various environmental settings. OSL techniques are able to date geological events beyond the age range of radiocarbon and recent developments improve the reliability of OSL dating in geomorphological settings, where resetting of the stored charge might otherwise be challenging.
This post has been edited by the editorial board.
Armitage, S. J., Pinder, R. C., 2017. Testing the applicability of optically stimulated luminescence dating to Ocean Drilling Program cores. Quaternary Geochronology 39, 124-130.
Burrough, S. L., Thomas, D. S. G., Bailey, R. M., 2009. Mega-Lake in the Kalahari: A Late Pleistocene record of the Palaeolake Makgadikgadi system. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 1392-1411.
Buylaert, J.-P., Murray, A. S., Vandenberghe, D., Vriend, M., De Corte, F., Van den haute, P., 2008. Optical dating of Chinese loess using sand-sized quartz: Establishing a time frame for Late Pleistocene climate changes in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quaternary Geochronology 3, 99-113.
Duller, G. A. T., 2008. Luminescence dating – Guidelines on using luminescence dating in archaeology. English Heritage, 44p.
Freiesleben, T., Sohbati, R., Murray, A. S., Jain, M., al Khasawneh, S., Hvidt, Jakobsen, B., 2015. Mathematical model quatifies multiple daylight exposure and burial events for rock surfaces using luminescence dating. Radiation Measurements 81, 16-22.
Galbraith, R. F., Roberts, R. G., 2012. Statistical aspects of equivalent dose and error calculation and display in OSL dating: An overview and some recommendations. Quaternary Geochronology 11, 1-27.
Galbraith, R. F., Roberts, R. G., Laslett, G. M., Yoshida, H., Olley, J. M., 1999. Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium Rock Shelter, Northern Australia: Part 1, experimental design and statistical models. Archaeometry 41 (2), 339-364.
Jenkins, G. T. H., Duller, G. A. T., Roberts, H. M., Chiverrell, R. C., Glasser, N. F., 2018. A new approach for luminescence dating glaciofluvial deposits – High precision optical dating of cobbles. Quaternary Science Reviews 192, 263-273.
Kang, S., Wang, X., Roberts, H. M., Duller, G. A. T., Cheng, P., Lu, Y., An, Z., 2018. Late Holocene anti-phase change in the East Asian summer and winter monsoons. Quaternary Science Reviews 188, 28-36.
Lamb, H. F., Bates, R., Bryant, C. L., Davies, S. J., Huws, D. G., Marshall, M. H., Roberts, H. M., 2018. 150,000-year palaeoclimate record from northern Ethiopia supports early, multiple dispersals of modern humans from Africa. Scientific Reports 8:1077.
Liu, T., Ding, Z., 1998. Chinese loess and the paleomonsoon: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 26, 111-145.
Long, H., Shen, J., Wang, Y., Gao, L., Frechen, M., 2015. High-resoltuion OSL dating of a late Quaternary sequence from Xingkai Lake (NE Asia): Chronological challenge of the "MIS 3a Mega-paleolake" hypothesis in China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 428, 281-292.
Olley, J. M., De Deckker, P., Roberts, R. G., Fifield, L K., Yoshida, H., Hancock, G., 2004. Optical dating of deep-sea sediments using single grains of quartz: a comparison with radiocarbon. Sedimentary Geology 169, 175-189.
Preusser, F., Degering, D., Fuchs, M., Hilgers, A., Kadereit, A., Klasen, N., Krbetschek, M., Richter, D., Spencer, J. Q. G., 2008. Luminescence dating: basics, methods and applications. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart – Quaternary Science Journal 57 (1-2), 95-149.
Roberts, H. M., Wintle, A., Maher, B. A., Hu, M., 2001.Holocene sediment-accumulation rates in the western Loess Plateau, China, and a 2500-year record of agricultural activity, revealed by OSL dating. The Holocene 11 (4), 477-483.
Smedley, R. K., Glasser, N. F., Duller, G. A. T., 2016. Luminescence dating of glacial advances at Lago Buenos Aires (~46° S), Patagonia. Quaternary Science Reviews 134, 59-73.
Sohbati, R., Murray, A. S., Jain, M., Buylaert, J.-P., Thomsen, K. J., 2011. Investigating the resetting of OSL signals in rock surfaces. Geochronometria 38 (3), 249-258.
Stevens, T., Buylaert, J.-P., Thiel, C., Újvári, G., Yi, S., Murray, A. S., Frechen, M., Lu, H., 2018. Ice-volume-forced erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau global Quaternary stratotype site. Nature Communications 9:983.
Stevens, T., Thomas, D. S. G., Armitage, S. J., Lunn, H. R., Lu, H., 2007. Reinterpreting climate proxy records from late Quaternary Chinese loess: A detailed OSL investigation. Earth-Science Reviews 80, 111-136.
Stevens, T., Armitage, S., Lu, H., Thomas, D. S. G., 2006. Sedimentation and diagenesis of Chinese loess: Implications for the preservation of continuous, high-resolution climate records.
Stokes, S., Ingram, S., Aitken, M. J., Sirocko, F., Anderson, R., Leuschner, D., 2003. Alternative chronologies for Late Quaternary (Last Interglacial-Holocene) deep sea sediments via optical dating of silt-sized quartz. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 925-941.
Sugisaki, S., Buylaert, J.-P., Murray, A. S., Tsukamoto, S., Nogi, Y., Miura, H., Sakai, S., Iijima, K., Sakamoto, T., 2010. High resolution OSL dating back to MIS 5e in the central Sea of Okhotsk. Quaternary Geochronology 5, 293-298.
Walker, M., 2005. Quaternary Dating Methods. John Wiley and Sons, Chicchester, United Kingdom, 307 p.
Dating geochronology Optically stimulated luminescence Paleoclimate
By Svenja Riedesel, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Click... "you've gotta be kidding me!?", Adam whispered from behind his binoculars, trying to contain his laughter. "Shut up!" I recanted, as I chambered the round that I had forgotten before the first trigger pull.
Being raised in Minnesota, and having private land available to my family, we rarely used public land. Public land hunting conjured up images of pulling up your binoculars and being met in your gaze by the barrel of a rifle as someone looked at you through their scope. It spawned stories of sitting in a tree, only to have your sanctuary interrupted by an ATV blaring by or a noisy group crashing through on a deer drive and startling everything in the tri-state area. This stereotype was only strengthened by moving to Iowa, where the land was 98% private, and very few people that I knew used public land for deer hunting.
But then, I came west. Past the southern MN limestone. Past the corn and soybeans of the of America's heartland, and eventually through Spearfish, South Dakota, breaking the border and into the foothills of the Bighorn Mountains. This was the land that initially had been written off by industry as a wasteland; too barren to grow crops or range cattle, and worthless to loggers and oil tycoons. This area's only value was only what one could see, smell, taste, and touch. And that is exactly what makes it valuable...priceless even. In these scrublands of Eastern Wyoming, we would attempt to spot-and-stalk pronghorns, and take them with a rifle.
Stalking antelope can be tricky. Having the vision equivalent to a person with 8x binoculars, and being the fastest land animal on the continent, it's easy to see why the pronghorn have been out-surviving other species since the Pleistocene Era. And like us, many of the antelope we found must have downloaded OnX Maps, because they seemed to know exactly where the line between public and private land was, and stayed on the latter. Pronghorn hunting is unlike any other hunt I've been on. You'll get to see a ton of animals, and if you don't get discouraged after the first few blown stalks, you'll have a good chance of tagging out.
We watched this group for 45 minutes before setting up a stalk. The group was roughly 600 yards away when we began. We started our approach with a crouching walk, holding the rifle behind our backs, trying to keep to the low areas. The crouch devolved into a crawl, at which point I was very thankful for my padded knees, but regretted not wearing gloves as the cactus and scrub clawed at my knees and pricked at my hands. As we crawled, I became acutely aware of how lucky I was to be out on these lands and what it meant for them to be "multiple use". When we were 400 yards from the antelope, a herd of 30 cattle crept up behind us. They stayed about 10 ft. behind us, munching, mooing, and crowding us. Now I am not usually worried about cows, but the fact that I was trying to be sneaky, combined with the fact that I was lying on the ground, and would be soon hoping to fire a loud Ruger 7MM Mag, potentially inciting a stampede, made certain body parts clench more than normal.
The moo cows kept at bay as we closed in. 270…260…250…I tried to lay down on a knob and set up, but the grass towered over me and impeded my vision. I rolled around to a seated position, set my rifle on my lap, and continued in a crabwalk as Adam stayed back at 250. This was partly to cause less movement, but more to act as a barrier to hold our new bovine friends back. Once I got as close as I thought I could without the pronghorns spooking, I stopped to watch them. I only saw one buck in the group, bringing up the rear of the harem, keeping his does in front of him.
As I watched the buck that I had been intending to take, he seemed to be nervous. I thought it was my cattle making him uneasy, but as I inched forward through the prairie and crested my final knob, I saw that there was actually a second buck, bigger than the first, and clearly commanding the attention of the females. As I watched him false charge and rush the younger buck away from his does, I saw that he was missing the prong on his right horn, no doubt from sparring and earning his right to breed. This mature warrior was full of spark, a sign of strength and vigor. Even though he wasn't what some might have considered "an ideal specimen", his portrayed his character in such a way that he was the perfect example of tenacity to bring my hunt to a close.
I turned to Adam and mouthed the words "How far?" "2-3-7", he motioned with his gloved hands. I raised myself to a kneeling position, just above the prairie grass. I settled my crosshairs on the tuft of fur right behind his shoulder, and squeezed the trigger, internally bracing for the explosion. Click. A flood of dread ran through my body. "WHAT WAS WRONG WITH MY GUN?!" That is when Adam's voice brought me into reality. "Did you seriously forget to put one in the chamber?" To this day, that question echoes in my mind before I send a round down range.
After collecting myself, opening the bolt action and injecting a cartridge, I resettled my scope on my quarry, pulled the trigger, and this time the bullet erupted, finding its mark. Thankful that the shot hadn't sent the cattle into a trampling fit, we walked up to the buck, happy to see that "ground shrinkage" did not seem to be an issue, a phenomenon that sometimes plagues Midwestern whitetail hunters. As we quickly cleaned and quartered the animal, I was thankful for the meat, thankful for what we later called "cow-mouflage", and grateful that I had made a good shot. Nowhere else in the world could I have created this memory; of traveling cross country with family and friends, buying a tag over the counter, and going onto wild lands and harvesting my own food. It was after this trip that I truly knew what it mean to be a Public Land Owner.
Aaron is co-chair of the Minnesota Chapter of BHA. He has worked for the DNR and USDA researching wildlife disease, and is pursuing a career in conservation education.
MN BHA Co-Chair. Wildlife Ecologist. Conservationist.


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Home Business Oil make small gain after 9% drop in two days as economic...
Oil make small gain after 9% drop in two days as economic worries persist
• Gas in Europe cheaper than before Russia's invasion of Ukraine
Oil prices rebounded on Thursday – Brent crude up $1.22, or 1.6%, to $79.06 a barrel and US West Texas Intermediate crude futures $1.02, or 1.4%, to $73.86 – after posting the biggest two-day loss for the start of a year in three decades.
Big declines in the previous two days were driven by worries about a global recession, especially since short-term economic signs in the world's two biggest oil consumers, the United States and China, looked weak.
European natural gas prices, which soared last year after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have now fallen well below their levels before the start of the war, reflecting the continent's success rounding up alternatives to Russian gas, widespread conservation efforts and a relatively mild winter.
Meanwhile, wholesale natural gas prices in Europe sank to their lowest levels since November 2021 as mild winter weather reduced demand, erasing all the gains seen last year amid Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The benchmark European contract — Dutch TTF gas future for the coming month — dropped 9.3 percent to 65.59 euros at around 1620 GMT, extending losses since the beginning of the week.
Helping drive the gains on Thursday was a statement from top US pipeline operator Colonial Pipeline, which said late on Wednesday its Line 3 had been shut for unscheduled maintenance with a restart expected on Jan. 7.
"This morning's rebound is due to the shutdown of Line 3 of the Colonial pipeline," said Tamas Varga of oil broker PVM. "There is no doubt that the prevailing trend is down; it is a bear market," he added.
Both benchmarks' cumulative declines of more than 9% on Tuesday and Wednesday were the biggest two-day losses at the start of a year since 1991.
On Wednesday, figures showing US manufacturing contracted further in December weighed on prices, as have concerns about economic disruption as COVID-19 works its way through China, which has abruptly dropped strict curbs on travel and activity.
Also weighing were inventory figures from the American Petroleum Institute, which according to market sources showed a rise in US crude and gasoline stocks. Official inventory data from the Energy Information Administration is out at 1530 GMT.
Global oil prices plunged on Wednesday over China demand concerns and European gas prices sank to their lowest levels since November 2021 as mild winter weather reduced demand.
Crude prices extended losses from a day earlier, diving around five per cent, over concern about demand in the world's biggest oil importer China, amid a steep rise in Covid infections in the country.
At around 1600 GMT, a barrel of WTI for delivery in February was down 4.9% at $73.15 a barrel, and the main European contract, Brent for delivery in March, was 4.9% lower at $78.11.
Amazon workers on strike in UK, say robots are treated better
Hope of IMF programme revival propels KSE-100 Index by 730 points
Inflation: Suzuki Motor too jacks up prices

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A Brush With History
d/b/a Brush Art Gallery & Studios
$15,000 for capacity building, including support for a collaboration with CTI's YouthBuild of Greater Lowell program
American Textile History Museum
$15,000 in capital support for upgrading the museum's technology systems
Christ Church United in Lowell
$15,000 to Christ Church United in support of the new youth arts program, Making Art with Artists, as supervised by Lowell artist Meredith Fife Day
First United Baptist Church
$10,000 for repairs to the historic bell tower at the 1826 First United Baptist Church in Lowell
Middlesex Community College
$37,000 for a project centered on preserving Cambodian classical music in Lowell, undertaken in collaboration with Lowell Public Schools, UMass Lowell, and the Angkor Dance Troupe
Subtotal Arts and Culture: $92,000
Percentage of total: 8
Cambodian Mutual Assistance Association
$60,000 in core operating support, to support new leadership at the agency (total grant support of $100,000, 2013-14)
Coalition for a Better Acre
$50,000 toward the cost of new development and real estate project management positions at the agency
Interise
$30,000 in continued support for the organization's work in scaling small businesses in Lowell (total support of $100,000, 2009-2014)
Jericho Road Project
$15,000 in second year support for the organization's project to promote board diversity among nonprofit organizations in Lowell (total support of $30,000)
Lowell Community Loan Fund
d/b/a Mill Cities Community Investments
$25,000 to assist the organization as it grows its small business lending portfolio (total support of $85,000, 2010-14)
Merrimack Valley Project, Inc.
$15,000 to educate Lowell's domestic workers and their employers about their new rights under the Domestic Workers' Bill of Rights, protection from unsafe working conditions, discrimination, and sexual harrassment, and ensuring fair hours, pay, and benefits
$25,000 in second-year support for the Lowell Data Common and its local steering committee of nonprofit and government institutions, to launch an open-source mapping program documenting key issues of importance to Lowell (total support of $50,000, 2013-14)
$20,000 for a planning study to analyze the Pawtucket Street corridor to identify and recommend specific improvements to foster better connection between UMass Lowell's three campuses
YWCA of Lowell
f/b/o Mill City Grows
$40,000 in second-year support for Mill City Grows' community gardening, food provision, and education program in Lowell (total support of $65,000, 2013-14)
Subtotal Community and Economic Development: $280,000
Percentage of total: 24
Boys and Girls Club of Greater Lowell
$20,000 in salary support for a formalized Education Department at the Boys and Girls Club
Greater Lowell Community Foundation
$20,000 for improvements to the foundation's scholarship program for high school students in Lowell
$100,000 for the Tom Leggat Youth Opportunities Fund at the Greater Lowell Community Foundation, an endowed fund established in honor of Thomas E. Leggat, to provide annual awards to identified Lowell students recognized as having great unrealized leadership potential
Jumpstart for Young Children
$30,000 in second-round support for Jumpstart Lowell to increase the number of children served by the Lowell program
Let's Get Ready
$20,000 in support of college prep and retention work with Lowell students
Project LEARN
via Greater Lowell Community Foundation
$60,000 in support of Project LEARN, a strategic initiative to raise private dollars for the benefit of the Lowell Public Schools (projected additional challenge grant support of $90,000 in 2015-16)
Subtotal Education: $250,000
Lowell Community Health Center
$140,000 as the second installment of a five-year, $700,000 grant toward their capital campaign for the new health center facility (total commitment of $1 million, projected additional support of $420,000)
Lucy's Love Bus Charitable Trust
$10,000 to provide integrative health therapy to Lowell children diagnosed with cancer
Subtotal Health: $150,000
House of Hope Housing, Inc.
$25,000 in capital support for a new heating system for the organization's Lakeview Avenue housing property in Lowell
Massachusetts Alliance of Portuguese Speakers
$15,000 for a feasibility study for the creation of affordable assisted living units for elderly Portuguese speakers in Massachusetts, including those living in Lowell
Subtotal Housing: $40,000
$25,000 for emergency financial assistance to Lowell residents, including parishioners of Christ Church, as established by the will of Theodore Edson Parker
Community Servings
$25,000 in support of the organization's food delivery program for critically ill home-bound individuals in Lowell (total project support of $40,000, 2011-2014)
Community Teamwork Inc.
$10,000 to provide immediate support for food and other out-of-pocket expenses for survivors of the Branch Street Fire, which occurred in Lowell in July 2014
International Institute of New England
International Institute of Lowell
$30,000 for the organization's refugee and immigrant clinic in Lowell
Juvenile Court Restorative Justice Diversion
$30,000 in capacity-building support for the organization's work in Lowell, to provide alternative sentencing program for first-time juvenile offenders
Lowell Transitional Living Center
$20,000 in support of stipends for a new employment initiative for shelter residents
Open Pantry of Greater Lowell
$30,000 in capital support toward the purchase of a new food delivery truck for the pantry
Pawtucket Congregational Church
$25,000 in capital support for the new Kay's Lunch Program, a church-based program offering free lunch to hungry families and individuals
via Justice Resource Institute
$25,000 in startup support for the YouthHarbors program at Lowell High School, serving homeless and formerly homeless students attending the school
United Teen Equality Center
$25,000 in second-year funding to support expansion of the organization's social enterprise programs for youth in Lowell (total support of $100,000 2013-14)
United Way of Massachusetts Bay and Merrimack Valley
$89,500 two grants in support of the Summer Experiences camping program for Lowell youth ($50,000 in challenge support for 2013, $39,500 in 2014)
Subtotal Human Services: $334,500
Associated Grant Makers
Council on Foundations
Subtotal Memberships: $8,094
Total Grants, January-December 2014:


Congratulations to IWC Ltd, the Excellence Winner.
Helping other business in the community is something Goondir enjoys participating in. We were honored to receive this award from Goolburri to recognise our efforts during their 20th aniversary celebrations.
Goondir Health Services is proud to annouce that it is a finalist in the AGPAL AMS of the Year award. Listed below is the complete list of finalists.
The Business Excellence Award was given by the Dalby Chamber of Commerce. Goondir prides itself on delivering the best health care to the community. Winning the bronze award shows that we are being recognised for our professionalism in the community.


Vitiligo is a skin disorder which causes the loss of pigment – melanin – in the skin.
Though it affects around 45 million people worldwide, common understanding of vitiligo has been clouded by misconceptions, leading to the stigmatization of those affected by the disease.
Modern medical understanding easily corrects much of this misunderstanding.
In presenting this information we hope to facilitate a better common understanding of vitiligo, and to help people gain an insight into this distressing disorder.
Produced March 2012. Learn more about CLINUVEL's vitiligo program.
Kaimal & Thappa, (2010). "Diet in Dermatology". IJDVL 76(2):103-115. Available online.
Gauthier & Benzekir in Picardo & Taieb (2010). "Vitiligo". Springer (1st edition).


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"Victoria Adams Wood Income"
Profession:Singer, Businessperson, Songwriter, Fashion Designer, Author, Model, Actor, Designer, Dancer
Date of Birth: Apr 17, 1974
Nicknames:Victoria Caroline Adams, Beckham, Victoria, posh spice, Victoria Adams, Posh & Becks, Posh 'n' Becks, Spice Girls, The Spice Girls, Victoria Adams Wood
Height: 1.632 m
Country:England, United Kingdom
Net Worth: View Victoria Beckham Net Worth
Victoria Adams Wood Income
· In Celebrities, Featured, Singers
Victoria Beckham Net Worth is $80 Million. Victoria Beckham, has infiltrated both the British and American media since she hit the pop world scene hard in the 1990s. With an estimated net worth of $80 million, and a spicy, marriage to football play. Victoria Caroline Beckham (n...
Victoria Beckham Net Worth is $80 Million.
Victoria Beckham Net Worth is $80 Million. Victoria Beckham, has infiltrated both the British and American media since she hit the pop world scene hard in the 1990s. With an estimated net worth of $80 million, and a spicy, marriage to football play Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English fashion designer, businesswoman and former singer. In the late 1990s, Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British pop music magazine Top of the Pops. Since the Spice Girls split, she has had a solo pop music career, scoring four UK Top 10 singles. Her first single to be released, "Out of Your Mind", reached Number 2 in the UK Singles Chart and is her highest chart entry to date. During her solo career, she has been signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records.
Beckham has found more success as an internationally recognised and photographed style icon. Her career in fashion includes designing a line of jeans for Rock & Republic and later designing her own denim brand, dVb Style. Beckham has brought out her own range of sunglasses and fragrance, entitled Intimately Beckham, which has been released in the UK and the US. In associatio...
Read more about Victoria Adams Wood Income
Victoria Beckham Latest News
Mini Posh? Victoria Beckham's Daughter Harper Mimics Spice Girl Mom in Pic
Like mother, like daughter! Victoria Beckham's 8-year-old daughter, Harper, paid homage to her mom's past as Posh Spice. "When u bump into Mummy Spice," the former Spice Girl, 45, captioned a Friday, ...
Posted: July 12, 2019, 11:57 am
Victoria Beckham's Daughter Just Recreated an Iconic Posh Spice Pose
Victoria Beckham's daughter Harper recreated an iconic pose from her mom's Spice Girls days in a new photo the clothing designer shared on her Instagram. "When u bump into Mummy Spice!" Beckham ...
Mini Posh? Victoria and David Beckham's Daughter Harper, 8, Mimics Mom's Spice Girl Pose in Photo
Like mother, like daughter! Victoria Beckham's 8-year-old daughter, Harper, paid homage to her mom's past as Posh Spice. David and Victoria Beckham: A Timeline of Their Relationship Victoria Beckham ...
Posted: July 12, 2019, 12:00 pm
Victoria Beckham Posts Sweet Photo of 8-Year-Old Daughter Harper Posing with 'Mummy Spice'
Victoria Beckham's daughter is growing up fast, and resembling her mother more and more. The fashion icon and former Spice Girl posted a photo of her mini-me Harper on Instagram Friday that ...
Victoria Beckham's Daughter Harper Is a Mini Spice Girl -- See the Adorable Pic!
On Friday, Victoria Beckham took to Instagram to show off the remarkable resemblance between herself and her 8-year-old daughter, Harper. In the adorable snap, Harper's rocking a black-and-white shirt ...
Posted: July 12, 2019, 1:27 pm
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Melissa Mccarthy Net Worth
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FAIR LENDING FIGHT: Battling Redlining
by Herbert Wiggins | Nov 17, 2022 | Fair Lending, Red Lining
During the years of the Financial Crash (2007-2012), one could read in the press about something called "predatory lending," or "lending discrimination," or "disparate treatment," or "disparate impact." These concepts and legal doctrines were important because they spoke to the fact that persons of color were treated deceptively or unfairly, or tended to receive subprime loans, or loans that they could not repay, or were preyed upon by certain lenders. The end result was that minority borrowers were much more likely to have their homes foreclosed upon than were Caucasian borrowers.
Central to the effects of the Financial Crash upon minority borrowers, in particular, was the belief among certain lenders that they could do whatever they wanted with regard to minority borrowers.
A recent ruling from Pennsylvania points to the continued need for vigilance with regard to lending discrimination. The US Department of Justice and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau sued Trident Mortgage for redlining practices against borrowers of color in the Philadelphia area. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. Trident Mortgage Company LP, Case No. 2:22-cv-02936, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
In its press release of July 27, 2022, announcing the settlement with Trident Mortgage, the Department of Justice stated that:
"Redlining is an illegal practice in which lenders avoid providing credit services to individuals living in communities of color because of the race, color, or national origin of residents of those communities. The complaint in federal court today alleges that from at least 2015 to 2019, Trident failed to provide mortgage lending services to neighborhoods of color in the Philadelphia Metropolitan area, that its offices were concentrated in majority-white neighborhoods, and that its loan officers did not serve the credit needs of neighborhoods of color. The complaint also alleges that loan officers and other employees sent and received work e-mails containing racial slurs and referring to communities of color as 'ghetto.' "
The director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Rohit Chopra, stated the importance of fighting discrimination, when he said, in connection with the Trident settlement, "With housing costs so high, it is critical that illegal discrimination does not put homeownership even further out of reach."
The Department of Justice, in commenting on the consent order, stated that the Truth in Lending Laws and other anti-discrimination laws must continue to be enforced. 15 USC §§1601, et seq (Truth in Lending Act); 15 USC §1691 (Equal Credit Opportunity Act); 15 USC §1681 et seq. (Fair Credit Reporting Act). Courts will have an important role, looking to the letter of the anti-discrimination laws, their intent, and to the reality on the ground, rather than finding excuses to look the other way, and blame the victim, simply because confronting reality may be uncomfortable or inconvenient.
Warning: These Posts Does Not Constitute Legal Advice; Please Consult An Attorney
BANKRUPTCY LAW (Procedure for Adversary Proceeding)
by Herbert Wiggins | Oct 6, 2022 | bankruptcy, BANKRUPTCY LAW
Where trustee failed to file the adversary proceeding within the time required by law, he could not undo the error by claiming that he had timely filed an adversary complaint in the wrong case. The facts of the InterWorks bankruptcy had nothing to do with the improper file, and thus there was no "relation back" effect based on the late-filed adversary proceeding in the Interworks case. Additionally, the fact that the trustee dismissed the adversary proceedings that he started in the improper case nullified any application of the relation back doctrine; when he dismissed the improper case, there was nothing for the new pleading to "relate back" to.
Furthermore, there was no equitable tolling, so the adversary action was barred. FRCP 15(c)(1)(B); 11 USC 108(a) & 546 (a).
In re Interworks (Chapter 7) CC-22-1027-STL [Unpublished decision of the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the 9th Circuit, filed 8/19/2022]
BANKRUPTCY LAW: Where Action is Filed
by Herbert Wiggins | Sep 29, 2022 | bankruptcy, BANKRUPTCY LAW
A debtor may file a bankruptcy case where the debtor resides, is domiciled, or has its principal place of business or principal assets. But a debtor can claim exemptions only under the law of the debtor's domiciliary state. 28 U.S.C. § 1408; In re Larsen, Case No. BAP No. NV-20-1133-FBG (Unpublished) Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, 9th Circuit, filed November 3, 2020.
BANKRUPTCY LAW: Finding of Fraud in State Court Prevented Discharge of the Associated Debt
by Herbert Wiggins | Jul 22, 2022 | bankruptcy, BANKRUPTCY LAW
Where Debtor had a judgment entered against him by California state court for fraud and elder abuse, this judgment was not discharged (cancelled) by his Chapter 7 bankruptcy discharge. Debtor's and Debtor's counsel's strategic absence from court at the time of the trials did not eliminate the legal effect of the judgment. The debt was non-dischargeable, pursuant to 11 USC §523(a)(2)(A).
In re: Robert Edward Zuckerman,
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT; BAP No. CC-19-1200-TaFS
Argued and Submitted on February 27, 2020, Pasadena, California [Published Opinion]
Jurisdiction And Precedential Effect
by Herbert Wiggins | May 20, 2022 | bankruptcy, BANKRUPTCY LAW
JURISDICTION AND PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT: The bankruptcy courts, and Bankruptcy Appellate Panel, are Article I Courts under the US Constitution. The district courts and courts of appeal are Article III courts. As such, the Courts of Appeal are not bound by the decisions of the bankruptcy appellate panel, but considers such decisions as advisory only. In fact, district courts and courts of appeal routinely perform a de novo analysis (considering the facts and law anew) of the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel's findings. In re Silverman 616 F.3rd 1001 (9th Circuit 2010).


Our Polo Wraps are made out of state-of-the-art fabric, which is infused with ceramic powder. The ceramic reflects your horse's natural body warmth and creates a soothing infrared thermal warmth. Warmth therapy is a well-recognized method used to relieve and heal injured ligaments, tendons and joints. When you wrap your horse's legs with these Polo Wraps, our unique fabric creates a gentle warmth, which reduces swelling and inflammation and keeps your horse's legs tight. Our Polo Wraps contain more elastic than traditional wraps so they contour to the leg better, provide excellent support, and don't shift or rub. These wraps come as a pack of four (4).
Back on Track Polo Wraps - Pack of 4 is rated 4.3 out of 5 by 6.
Rated 1 out of 5 by katelyntalent14 from did not fit.... I bought these polos for my 16.3hh Belgian warmblood that has stocky legs. I tried to polo his legs multiple times and every time I finished wrapping him the polos would leave a 1 inch gap between his leg.
Rated 5 out of 5 by KBinMI from Best Wraps These are the only polo wraps I use. It's a little weird, but my fidgety horse gets calm and quiet on the cross ties the minute I start putting these on. I take care of them (cold gentle wash, air dry), but I wash my wraps every two or three rides and these hold up wonderfully. I've had one set for a year and they still work and look great, much better than the Dressage Sport Boots II that seem to start to wear out in about 4 months with us.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Michele from Great material! Perfect material for a polo wrap. Just enough stretch but not too much! Provides great support plus the additional advantage BOT products offer! Washes up great. My other polo wraps haven't been touched since I purchased these.
Rated 5 out of 5 by KATO from Love Them! Loved ours so much bought some as prizes for our Club Awards Banquet. Back on Track Polo Wraps are the only pollos we use since we discovered them.


Marisa Stotter stops by talks about directing the Sequart documentary She Makes Comics, now available on Netflix. The film covers the history of women artists, writers and executives in the comics industry since the early 1900s, and features interviews with Kelly Sue DeConnick, Wendy Pini, Jenna Busch, Marjorie Liu, Jill Pantozzi, Gail Simone, Louise Simonson, G. Willow Wilson and many more.
The conversation takes us through possible visions of the future, brainstorming ways of improve access and sales, and even potential followup documentaries that expand on what's already been covered in this one, and much more.
Do you have any favorite women comics artists or writers? What titles / characters do you jump at when new stories come out? Let us know! Call 602-635-6976 and leave a message, send Summer an email, or have your say in the comments below!


Click the button below to add the The Picadilly to your wish list.
This English Tudor Swag has a Piccadilly jabot. An English Tudor Swag is a drapery swag with gathered sides. There is a lot of fullness with no bulk at the top. The gathers are created with a one cord shirr tape. It can be dressed to look casual, or it can dress to look pleated and formal. Swag width is 18" to 28" with a depth of 36". Depth alteration instructions are included for swag only.


There are no comments for Infamous White Tower Of London. Click here to post the first comment.
The White Tower, Tower of London, England, UK Built in 1066, the White Tower is the most recognizable feature at the heart of the sprawling Tower of London complex. Throughout history, it has served as a royal residence, treasury, armory, and an infamous prison that once briefly housed Anne Boleyn before her untimely execution.


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Grànul (alimentació) forma de presentació d'un aliment
 Grànul de Birbeck, orgànuls cel·lulars en forma de barra o de raqueta de tennis i aspecte estriat
 Grànul, element de la granulació solar
 Grànul (farmàcia) forma farmacèutica. Els grànuls representen la forma farmacèutica principal en homeopatia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Country School Association to host conference in Nebraska City
The Nebraska Country School Association will host its 2019 conference July 19 and 20 at Lied Lodge in Nebraska City.
Friday events will include a "Pure Nebraska" tour of country schools hosts Jon and Taryn Vanderford have visited. The Vanderfords, and a panel of country school teachers, will also host a question-and-answer session on Friday.
Karen Keehr of the Nebraska State Historical Society will share her expertise on preserving photos and documents.
Ardis and Suzi Yost will present the history of North Star School near Red Cloud. Ardis is a long-time country school teacher who is honored on the "One Room, One Teacher" wall at the College of Education at University of Nebraska, Kearney.
Gloria Christiansen will discuss the efforts underway to preserve an Antelope County country school.
Friday events also include a presentation on the Freeman School program at Homestead National Monument, and a history of the Fairview School in Brownville, which now houses the Schoolhouse Art Gallery.
Saturday will feature a tour that will include stops at Rock Bluff School south of Plattsmouth, Bloom Where You're Planted Farm Schoolhouse in Avoca, and the Murdock School. Lunch will be served at Trinity Lutheran Church in Murdock.
Online registration is available at www.nebraskacountryschoolassociation.org.


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Q: marketplace.therange.co.uk Checking if the site connection is secure this the api of marketplacetherange.zendesk
postman output when I try to use authenticate api
when i change the host (https://marketplace.therange.co.uk) it gives the 400 bad request cloudflare
when i try this on browser it gives 404
I want to run this api

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Can quantum computing be profitable without quantum hardware?
What are the fields/business ideas that a new business can work on within quantum computing that can be profitable if this business has no access to onboard quantum setups but can access the cloud-based quantum computing platforms? What are the problems it can work on that can be valuable to industry?
applications technologies
TarekTarek
$\begingroup$ This is primarily opinion for now. However, QC Ware is an example. $\endgroup$ – AHusain Oct 24 '18 at 16:26
You have two different questions here:
1) Can quantum computing be profitable without quantum hardware?
In the comments people have said this is an opinion based question, but the truth is that there's already people (and companies!) making profits off of quantum computing.
In 2016 Doug Finke made a website with his own money, which kept track of the number of qubits in all quantum computers, and a list of all companies involved in quantum computing. In 2018 started making profit from advertising. Recently he has also added a job postings section where Google, IBM, Microsoft, and other big companies have job openings listed there. He now makes even more money from consulting. Although it might sound like it, I am in no way related to the person or website, he just attends some of the major quantum computing conferences and makes himself known.
There's more than just individual consultants making profits off of quantum computing. A famous quantum information theorist (Michele Mosca) and famous a physicist known for his work in quantum key distribution (Norbert Lutkenhaus) started a company called evolutionQ which makes a profit by selling products (if you click the link a PDF will open) such as courses on quantum-safe security, and quantum cryptography, and for other products like risk assessments and even software. Again, I have no relation to this company.
So far I've given an example of an individual person making profit from advertising on a website about quantum computers, and a company making a profit from consulting about quantum computing. If you are very picky you might say that these are not examples of quantum computing being profitale without hardware, because no quantum computing is actually directly involved. So I will give a third example:
The company 1Qbit is a company that does not have any quantum hardware, but thrives by making algorithms and software for companies that are interested in running things on present or future quantum hardware. Again, I have no relation to this company.
How long will the above three examples keep making profit?
That is what is opinion based.
Some people (not necessarily me) are of the opinion that quantum computers that can actually outperform classical computers for a useful task will never exist, so eventually people will get less and less interested in spending money on advertising on a QC-related website, or on buying software for present or future quantum computers, or on consulting fees or courses. Others disagree and think that quantum computing will become an industry just like classical computing (i.e. profits can be made by plenty of companies that don't have hardware, such as software companies, consulting companies, magazine publishers, etc.).
2) What are the fields/business ideas that a new business can work on within quantum computing that can be profitable if this business has no access to onboard quantum setups but can access the cloud-based quantum computing platforms?
This is a different question.
First, if you have access to cloud-based quantum hardware, you can run calculations on the hardware, just like if you had it yourself in front of you, so your potential to make profit can't be too much smaller than if you actually had the hardware in front of you. Maybe you just want to know if people can make a profit apart from selling hardware? Selling the hardware is probably the only thing that you can't do to make profit if you only have access to the cloud-based hardware.
If you want to know how you can make profit from quantum computing is some way other than selling hardware, there some "fields" (as you call them) in which this can be done. Some examples are consulting, software development, algorithm development, and teaching private courses.
In terms of actually using the cloud-based quantum hardware to make profit, your chances of making a profit are smaller. Nothing useful that a cloud-based quantum computer can do at present cannot already be done for less cost on a classical computer (though companies like IBM are known to offer their cloud-based QPU time for free, there is still not much you can do to make money from running calculations on their cloud based chips because they don't have enough qubits to do anything very useful). You would have to be extremely good at sales to make a profit right now, and whether or not you will be able to do it easier in the future is an opinion-based matter. Present-day hardware (whether available on the cloud or not) is mainly only useful for testing the physics of the chips, or for playing around. If a competing company needs someone to learn how IBM's chip works for example, maybe they could pay you to do some experiments, but they probably already have someone that can do it. Maybe you can organize games, tournaments, or other prized competitions for doing small calculations on present-day devices and get sponsors for that, but that is about it!
In complement to the other answer from @user1271772:
I can add another two elements. First companies that can sell/develop anti-quantum security protocols because as you may know, RSA is threatened by quantum computers (at least in theory but it can be enough to transition to new protocols).
Also, we may have new algorithms created inspired by quantum computing. Indeed we may cite quantum evolutionary algorithms and more recently a new algorithm for recommendation systems was developed inspired by a previous work on a quantum recommendation system algorithm. In a sense, you can say quantum computing can contribute even classically algorithmically speaking.
The list may be long to give. It is first a research playground and businesses have to study the potential of the field first (and each business is different or will consider it differently). If you want an example, you can look at this document which is a study the potential of quantum computing for finance. Having access with the cloud can be just enough but one should consider more how one would approach a problem with quantum computing (after all the modelization part is always crucial).
cnadacnada
At this early stage of quantum technology development, a useful starting point to understand the "expectation of profitability" is to look at the private markets (angel investing, venture capital, private equity, etc) in addition to public companies. Today there are 76 companies active in quantum computing, those were involved in 178 deals where 260 investors participated. The largest deal was for 350 Million USD, and, the median post-valuation 10 Million USD. As of June 15th, 2019, the total capital invested in quantum computing is 1.38 Billion USD, and there have been 11 exits. 2018 registered the higher deal count to date (24) and it was concentrated in venture capital allocations. In terms of industry verticals, there are around 15 active categories for the investments made in quantum computing, artificial intelligence is the second largest, followed by cybersecurity -but relatively unexploited opportunities are present in smaller niche verticals. Source: Morningstar, Inc.
Percy Venegas Economy MonitorPercy Venegas Economy Monitor
$\begingroup$ Hi and thank you for your answer! In order to improve your answer, could you provide the sources you used to gather these numbers? It would certainly help other "believe" in those numbers. $\endgroup$ – Nelimee Jun 16 '19 at 12:41
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged applications technologies or ask your own question.
What kind of real-world problems (excluding cryptography) can be solved efficiently by a quantum algorithm?
Is quantum computing just pie in the sky?
What use has quantum computing been?
Are quantum computers just a variant on Analog computers of the 50's & 60's that many have never seen nor used?
What is quantum computing vs. what is not quantum computing
Are there any examples of anyone applying quantum algorithms to problems in computational biology?
Number of Qubits Required for Simulation of Caffeine and Penicillin Molecules
Software for Quantum Computing
Would all quantum computing research be for naught if a powerful enough quantum computer is never built?


EAGLEVILLE, PA, January 9, 2018 – Streamlight® Inc., a leading provider of high-performance lighting and weapon light/laser sighting devices, announced it has added a new model to its PolyTac® line of tactical lights to include an enhanced, dual fuel version. The new light, the PolyTac® X, features 600 lumens, and offers the versatility of a rechargeable battery option.
The light can be powered by either two 3-volt CR123 lithium batteries or one Streamlight rechargeable 18650 lithium ion battery. This multi-battery option allows for use of primary disposable batteries if the rechargeable cell is out of power.
The PolyTac X uses a power LED to provide three lighting modes: high, medium, low, and strobe. Regardless of battery source, the light delivers 600 lumens on high, 11,485 candela, and a 205-meter beam distance, which is enough to provide critical lighting for a range of tactical uses. When using CR123A batteries, run times range from 2.75 to 34 hours; when using the 18650 battery, they range from 3.5 to 36 hours. On the strobe setting, run times are 5.5 hours and 8 hours, respectively.
The light's TEN-TAP® programmable push-button switch allows users to select from three programs: high/strobe/low (factory default); high only or low/medium/high.
The PolyTac X is exceptionally durable, featuring a case made of high impact super tough nylon polymer that also provides a sure grip. It weighs 4.34 ounces and measures 5.46 inches.
The new light features an IPX7-rated design, providing waterproof operation to 1 meter for 30 minutes, and is impact-resistant tested to 3 meters. It is available in black, yellow, or coyote.
Streamlight offers an optional 18650 Battery Charger that can recharge either one or two batteries simultaneously, and permits charging through either AC/DC or USB power sources.
The PolyTac X has an MSRP of $75.00. It is packaged with two CR123 batteries and a removable pocket clip and comes with Streamlight's Limited Lifetime warranty.
Based in Eagleville, PA, Streamlight, Inc. has more than 45 years of experience making tough, durable, long-lasting flashlights designed to serve the specialized needs of professionals and consumers alike. Since 1973, the company has designed, manufactured and marketed high-performance flashlights, and today offers a broad array of lights, lanterns, weapon light/laser sighting devices, and scene lighting solutions for professional law enforcement, military, firefighting, industrial, automotive, and outdoor applications. Streamlight is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company. For additional information, please call 800-523-7488, visit streamlight.com or connect with us on facebook.com/streamlight;twitter.com/Streamlight; instagram.com/streamlightinc; and youtube.com/streamlighttv.


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Raise your hand if you, without being a staunch supporter of the Harlequins, imagined this epilogue in January, after the dismissal of Paul Gustard, Head of Rugby of the then seventh-ranked Quins.
Instead, against all odds, that moment was the beginning of a long ride to climb up the standings, up to a crazy semifinal won against Bristol after extra time and, perhaps, the most beautiful final of the last 20 years of Premiership, where the reigning champions of Exeter and the underdogs of the Stoop finished the game with only two points of difference on the scoreboard, but something more on the playing field.
TWO GAME PLANS AND TWO PHILOSOPHIES
The reigning champions have remained faithful to their classic style of play, made up of heavy scrums, solid defense and constant use of that phenomenon that goes by the name of Sam Simmonds, a player who is already revolutionizing the role by bringing the figure of the number 8 very close to that of the center. As for the backs, his brother Joe – now a stable guarantee among the english fly-halves – has the task of dictating the pace to Devoto and Slade, very fast players but similar to each other in technical and physical characteristics, which can prove to be a limit. In the enlarged triangle, neither the experience of Nowell first nor the explosiveness of Hogg then managed to give their best, giving more than one space to the Quins attack.
On the other hand, we find a compact and powerful scrum, led by the physicality of the excellent South African Louw and a fantastic Joe Marler, a legend of the club and a solid point for experience and charisma. A very high-level median couple made up by Care and Smith, both in a state of grace for the whole duration of the season; surprises now no longer such Dombrandt, Lynagh and Green, optimally integrated with the two centers – very different from each other and, consequently, capable of excellent variables – Marchant and Esterhuizen.
A mix of experience and exuberance, speed and power which, if mixed properly, lead to great results and complex actions, difficult to counter.
The Quins' game plan was immediately evident: to counter the Chiefs not on physicality but on speed, both in attack and in defense. In the first case, using the backs a lot by exploiting the passages behind the back of the first heavy pod, allowing Smith great autonomy to better orchestrate the group thanks to his immense technical qualities, his grit and his dynamism. In the second, by making aggressive tackles and attacking the ruck quickly, so as to conquer the ball or recover free kicks and turnovers.
In the first three clips below we can see how, both from the first lineout phase and from the action in the middle of the field, the ball is delivered by Care to the first pod that pretends to enter and moves the ball towards Smith who sorts for the rushing Green.
Also excellent was the support by the young Lynagh, who was ready to follow the line of the fullback and, especially in the third example, to receive the ball inside.
As mentioned above, the defensive strategy was based on a solid line but, above all, on the explosiveness of second lines and always reactive centers in the tackle and in the contest of the ruck.
The first video highlights the aggressiveness of the London defense, thanks to which a kick slightly too long by Care, but high enough to allow the defensive climb, turns into a mismatch between the two defenses with loss of ground by Exeter, eventually forced to kick in turn too. Particularly noteworthy is the work of Esterhuizen, author of two tackles in rapid succession.
In the second example we highlight a good line of defense by the Quins and the quick reflexes of the usual Esterhuizen in the turnover, consequence of an objectively wrong choice by Exeter: a good ball movement leads to a numerical superiority on the right side of the field, with Cowan-Dickie on the wing completely ignored by a Cuthbert not fast enough to overtake Murley.
A turnover seen not only in defense but also in attack: in the third clip we see an attack on the left side by Murley, who gets rid of the ball before being tackled off the field, but the quick tackle by Marchant and the fast reflexes of Green and Care to attack the ruck punish the slowness of the Chiefs defenders.
A little aggressive and at times listless attitude on the part of a good part of the 15 of Exeter, whose performance was limited to a sort of "homework" without particular aggression. The individual qualities and a well-established game still brought results, but did not allow the Chiefs to impose their game in the phases in their favor, keeping the game on the rails of equilibrium. The subdued performance by Jonny Hill, an excellent second row, capable of excellent international performances that earned him the call to South Africa from Gatland, may be a good example of the general attitude of the Cornish team.
Poor initial concentration and imperfect communication with his Williams prop put him slightly out of position on Marcus Smith's attack after just 33 seconds of play, allowing the opponent's fly-half to take the first break of the game.
The subdued entry into the pitch is also highlighted by the awkward return to the line, when he stumbles on a teammate and, very slow to get up, finds himself offside on Care's passing line.
Far more serious, five minutes later, is his mistake during a lineout thrown by the Harlequins. After an imprecise jump that takes him out of position with respect to the maul generated by the drive, Hill tries to stop the advance by entering sideways and causing the group to collapse on the try line. The technical try and the yellow card are inevitable.
After a weak first half, Exeter's simple game finally flexed its muscles, giving the impression of having finally turned the momentum of the match, thanks to the inevitable moment of fatigue accused by the Quins rearguard.
In the first example, Hill decides to do something to be forgiven, helping the almost unstoppable Sam Simmonds to stay on his feet after a first tackle and allowing him to launch towards the try line where Smith can do nothing against the black number 8.
Subsequently, an excellent close combination between Joe Simmonds and Cowan Dickie creates a rift in the line, with a rapid return offload to the fly-half who flies towards the 22m line, where with excellent draw he engages the fullback Green – and with a bit of malice he hinders Smith's return to his right – in favor of the accurrent Devoto who goes smoothly to the try.
A simple play that comes back at the end of the game, when the same movement leads Kirsten to guess the running line, unloading the ball on Hogg at the last, freeing him from Green's return and allowing Exeter to shorten – uselessly – the gap.
MARCUS SMITH, THE PERFECT fly-half FOR THE ROSES?
After a season finale and a lavish match, a couple of questions arise:
Is Marcus Smith the best fly-half on the English roster? And above all, has Eddie Jones lost his magic touch, having ignored a player of this stature especially in the last year? The answer, as usual, is always the same: it depends.
Smith's skills are evident to anyone and the final was a great demonstration of the incredible potential available to the 22-year-old of Filipino descent: a universal player, effective in both phases, who is not afraid to tackle and with an out-of-the-box creative flair. All qualities put on display during the final, like the very good kicks that allowed great advances to his lineout group.
Or like the beautiful assist for Dombrandt's try – we'll see it in a while – a consequence of the sudden decision to change the sense of the play based on the positioning of his direct opponent.
Moving on to the defensive phase, the result does not change. The 4 tackles in 40 seconds are clear proof of this.
So, is he the perfect player? Obviously not. His young age, genius and consequent recklessness make Marcus a player – fortunately – still immature from the point of view of adrenaline management. The yellow card obtained in an almost incomprehensible way – a side entry into the ruck starting from an offside position, consequent guard left unattended on the side of the group and try by Exeter at that point – show that from this point of view there is still work to be done.
Furthermore, Smith's own style of play makes him a difficult fly-half to integrate into differently structured game plans: the presence of Danny Care, an explosive metronome with over 300 games played, allows him to vary the front of the attack with a good freedom of thought and imagination to try the break, leaving the attack without a playmaker in the next phase and, consequently, making the action predictable. Finally, in the game plan steadily adopted by Eddie Jones and observed over the years, the Youngs – Ford median is framed in a rigorous scheme where decisions are made collectively by the leadership group of which Owen Farrell is the recognized symbol. Little room for exuberant fantasy with the Roses shirt, in short.
PATIENCE is THE VIRTUE of the strong
Not just Marcus Smith, we said. The victory in the final was a real test of how organization and patience are fundamental weapons for any well-studied game plan and we close this long analysis with three examples of how successful this mentality is.
The try at the 37th comes from a scrum won by the Quins at 5 meters, in which Danny Care recovers the ball and attacks the line, engaging two opponents and creating numerical superiority widely. The defenders line up in that direction, but the direction is changed almost immediately, forcing the Chiefs' defense to reposition themselves on the line and allowing Louw to enter, on the second attempt, thanks to the help by his teammate Symons.
An identical scheme was applied on the occasion of the second half with time expired, when, again from a scrum, Care uses the same movement seen previously to occupy three defenders – taking advantage of the help by the poles which do not allow a compact defense – again changing the sense of play for Smith who, noticing the fracture created in the defense line, sends Dombrandt to the most comfortable of tries.
The third and final video demonstrates how the intelligence of the London midfielder and the adaptability of Millard's entire XV led to the maximum result.
It all stems from the quadriceps injury to Cuthbert, Exeter's wing, which forces the enlarged triangle to be managed with only two vertices. Realizing what had happened, the Quins decided to exploit the effective numerical inferiority with Care's precise box kicks to engage the right side of the field, thus not allowing the other winger O'Flaherty to cover the left side.
Exeter recovers the ball but gets rid of it badly with a very high kick in the middle of the field, which facilitates the work of the opponents, allowing in the next phase Smith to move the ball to the left with a kick and make Nowell run – now in the double role of wing and fullback.
The action continues with changes of direction and kicks to jump over until Green decides to break the delay by attacking the line with the excellent support by his teammate Lynagh, breaking the defense of the Chiefs and giving Smith the possibility to kick, finally, the ball to the left, an uncovered area, where the defense tries with an extreme but useless attempt to avert the try.
Great job, Quins!


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Now displaying: October, 2020
SWP: 235 Roofstock CEO Explains How Their Website Makes Investing in Rental Properties So Easy! 0
Gary Beasley is a seasoned entrepreneur, executive, and investor across multiple industries. He is also the co-founder and CEO of Roofstock, an innovative and technology-enabled transaction and marketplace platform designed to lower transaction costs and improve liquidity in the single family rental sector.
Gary has also grown small companies, led large organizations, and served as co-CEO and CFO of two large IPOs, Starwood Waypoint Residential Trust and ZipRealty respectively. In this episode, he talked about his real estate journey, the reason he started Roofstock, and what he wants to be known for.
If you are into single family rentals and would like to learn from one of the best in the space, this episode is for you!
SWP: 234 Building Financial Freedom; How to Go From a One-Person REI Business to a Team REI Business 0
Today's guest is a successful real estate mentor, coach, and podcaster. Mike Simmons is also a partner in 7 Figure Flipping, one of the nation's largest real estate mastermind groups. He is also the host and producer of one of the top real estate podcasts in the world, "Just Start Real Estate."
As if not enough, Mike is also the author of the book "Level Jumping: How I Grew My Business to Over $1 Million in Profits in 12 Months." A few years prior, Mike achieved said impressive feat—he grew his real estate investing business to over a million in such a short amount of time!
If you would like to know how you can scale your business big-time, tuning in to this episode is a huge step in the right direction!
SWP: 233 How to Brand Yourself by Being on Podcasts 0
Trevor Oldman is a young, brilliant, and hardworking entrepreneur who went from making $7.03 an hour to running Podcasting You, a six-figure podcasting booking agency out of his dorm room.
Before running his successful podcast, the ingenious 23-year-old wrote a young adult romance and started two companies. Today, Trevor is on a mission to teach young entrepreneurs that age should not be a hindrance to your success.
SWP: 232 How to Balance a Thriving Family with being a Driven Entrepreneur 0
Jim Sheils has been a full-time real estate investor for over twenty years and his ventures have done over 1,000 acquisitions and rehabs. Getting his start in the Bakersfield CA, he left there in 2005 for Northeast Florida to follow the long-term growth patterns predicted for the area.


The militarized use of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), more commonly known as drones, is on the rise. With this increase, many questions surface as to their legality under International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Drones are not explicitly mentioned in, nor prohibited by, international law; they are considered no different than other weapons launched from manned aircrafts. In that case, why are they subject to such specific and vocal scrutiny?
In line with Emmerson's claims, many human rights-oriented non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International, the American Civil Liberties Union, and Human Rights Watch provide vocal opposition to drone use and policies. On September 18, 2014, these NGOs, along with several others, penned a joint, open letter to the UN Human Rights Council on Targeted Killing and the Use of Armed Drones. They urged the Human Rights Council to enumerate legal standards and criteria for state disclosures of data regarding targeted killing operations; ensure that states comply with international law; enable meaningful oversight and the right to a remedy for injured civilians; and ensure the pursuit of effective investigations, tracking, and response to civilian harm.
Domestically, the US government overtly justified its use of RPAs. President Obama, in his 2013 speech at the National Defense University, addressed many of the questions surrounding the legality of US drone use. The Commander in Chief directly stated that the United States is at war with al Qaeda and the Taliban, effectively cementing that IHL is applicable to US counter-terrorist RPA activity, as opposed to the more stringent IHRL. He continued to justify the points in contention of IHL, asserting that the amount of force used by the United States is proportional to the threat posed by the opposing terrorist organizations and, regarding civilian casualties, that "conventional airpower or missiles are far less precise than drones and are likely to cause more civilian casualties and more local outrage." Nevertheless, despite these defenses, President Obama conceded that increased transparency is essential to the continued use of drones and even mentioned the possibility of a secret court that would sign off on future strikes.
Since this speech, the most progressive step the United States has taken towards the goal of transparency comes in the Targeted Lethal Force Transparency Act, introduced in April 2014 by Congressman Adam B. Schiff (D-CA-28). The act, if passed, will require the publication of an annual report on the number of deaths that result from military drone use. The report will include: "the total numbers of combatants, civilians, and other persons killed or injured outside the United States by remotely-piloted aircraft each calendar year," but excludes any "use of targeted lethal force in Afghanistan prior to the end of U.S. combat operations, or … any use of such force in a foreign country described by a future declaration of war or authorization for the use of military force." The passage of this act would be in line with the demands of the NGOs and other opponents of the current drone policy.
The United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense has been notably silent regarding their planned and current use of drones and have been accused of aiding the United States in its drone program, much to the dismay of UK citizens. The UK branch of Reprieve, a non-profit human rights organization, threatens to launch a judicial review of the Ministry of Defense if the government does not provide more transparency regarding their operations.
Although remotely piloted aircrafts were introduced combatively in World War I, the current surge in their use, coupled with the elusive nature of emerging enemies, calls for a reassessment of the application of international laws. As evidenced by the contrasting views concerning the legality of RPAs, the present laws are not clear as to the nuances of what constitutes legitimate and illegitimate use. At the heart of this problem is the lack of transparency of governments utilizing this technology. For the United Nations to formulate adequate regulations, a factual understanding of the real life effects of drones is essential. The Targeted Lethal Force Transparency Act by the United States, as well as the inquiries made into other states' RPA use, is a significant step in the right direction.
Tania Sweis is a J.D. Candidate at Berkeley Law. She is a student contributor for Travaux.


The Connecticut gubernatorial election of 1990 included a three-way race for a seat left open when Governor Bill O'Neill declined to run for re-election. A Connecticut Party nominee Lowell Weicker won the election, becoming the first third party candidate to win a gubernatorial election since the 1970s in Maine.
^ "Understanding the 1990 Connecticut Gubernatorial Election". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
This page was last edited on 31 December 2018, at 05:12 (UTC).


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package dk.medware.rehab;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Response;
import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.JSONValue;

public class JsonServer {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
		System.setProperty("rehab.server.api", "api-key");
		System.setProperty("rehab.server.url", "url");
		List<Long> ids = list_needs_evaluation();
		puts(ids);
		for(long id : ids){
			Map<String, List<Double>> result = coordinates(id);
			//			RegressionFormula rf = ProgressionCalculator.create_weighted(result.get("xs"), result.get("ys"));
			//			puts(rf.to_string());
			//			puts(rf.y(result.get("xs").size()));
			//List<Double> results = ProgressionCalculator.calculate(result.get("xs"), result.get("ys"));
			puts(result);
			//send_to_server(id, results);
		}
	}
/*
	public static void service_server() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		List<Long> ids = list_needs_evaluation();
		//puts(ids);
		for(long id : ids){
			Map<String, List<Double>> result = coordinates(id);
			puts("Got list");
			puts(result);
			List<Double> results = ProgressionCalculator.calculate(result.get("xs"), result.get("ys"));
			puts(results);
			send_to_server(id, results);
		}
	}
	*/

	public static void puts(Object arg){
		System.out.println(arg);
	}

	public static List<Long> list_needs_evaluation() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		Response response = Request.Get(System.getProperty("rehab.server.url")+"?api_key="+System.getProperty("rehab.server.api")).execute();
		String json_string = response.returnContent().asString();
		//puts(json_string);
		Object obj = JSONValue.parse(json_string);
		JSONArray array = (JSONArray)obj;
		List<Long> ids = new ArrayList<Long>();
		for(Object obj2 : array){
			JSONObject json = (JSONObject)obj2;
			ids.add((Long) json.get("id"));
		}
		return ids;
	}

	public static Map<String, List<Double>> coordinates(long id) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		Response response = Request.Get(System.getProperty("rehab.server.url")+"/"+id+"?api_key="+System.getProperty("rehab.server.api")).execute();
		String json_string = response.returnContent().asString();
		JSONObject obj = (JSONObject)JSONValue.parse(json_string);
		List<Double> ys = new ArrayList<Double>();
		List<Double> xs = new ArrayList<Double>();
		JSONArray json = (JSONArray)obj.get("ys");
		for(Object value : json){
			ys.add(((Long)value).doubleValue());
		}
		json = (JSONArray)obj.get("xs");
		for(Object value : json){
			xs.add(((Long)value).doubleValue());
		}
		//JSONArray array = (JSONArray)obj;
//		List<Double> ys = asList(3d, 3d, 3d, 2d, 1d, 4d, 2d, 1d, 4d, 2d, 1d, 4d, 2d, 1d, 3d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 5d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d, 1d);
//		List<Double> xs = asList(1402923820d, 1402923820d, 1402923820d, 1402927643d, 1402927643d, 1402927643d, 1402927930d, 1402927930d, 1402927930d, 1402928536d, 1402928536d, 1402928536d, 1402929357d, 1402929357d, 1402929357d, 1403011392d, 1403011392d, 1403011392d, 1403011470d, 1403011470d, 1403011470d, 1403011500d, 1403011500d, 1403011500d, 1403012929d, 1403012929d, 1403012929d, 1403012988d, 1403012988d, 1403012988d, 1403013452d, 1403013452d, 1403013452d, 1403013474d, 1403013474d, 1403013474d, 1403013534d, 1403013534d, 1403013534d, 1403013573d, 1403013573d, 1403013573d, 1403013596d, 1403013596d, 1403013596d, 1403013625d, 1403013625d, 1403013625d);
		Map<String, List<Double>> result = new HashMap<String, List<Double>>();
		result.put("xs", xs);
		result.put("ys", ys);
		return result;
	}

	public static void send_to_server(long id, double estimate, double slope, double recommendation ) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
		String url = System.getProperty("rehab.server.url")+"/"+id+"/result?api_key="+System.getProperty("rehab.server.api")+"&value="+estimate+"&slope="+slope+"&recommendation="+recommendation;
		String status = Request.Get(url).execute().returnResponse().toString();
		puts("Done "+id+" with "+status);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Most of us are sore after a hard workout or long hike. We formulated a whole plant CBD and herbal extract to help you recover quicker from any activity that causes sore muscles and joints. Our blend includes the adaptogenic herbs Rhodiola Rosea and Ashwagandha along with specific herbs and spices that can help your body heal itself.


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Q: Is there a way to configure TFS to allow inclusion of only specific extensions for a folder? Is there a way using TFS (Microsoft Team Foundation Server) to configure a folder for a project so that it allow the adding of files with just a specific extension to a project?
The scenario is:

*

*I have a project with a standard folder structure for cs files, binaries and so on

*In a folder there are the SQL script used to build the database

*I want to be sure that, only in that folder, only SQL files could be checked in and different extensions are not allowed

Regards
Massimo

A: Not really.  The closest you can come is by writing a custom checkin policy.  This has some downsides:

*

*Developers can override policies.  (though you can be notified / audited)

*Checkin policies must be installed on each client machine that uses the team project.  No automatic deployment; no exceptions for folks who don't access the SQL folder.

I guess you could also poll the server periodically to see whether anyone's checked in unwanted files.  Or you could restrict Checkin permission on that folder to database developers.  But obviously none of these is perfect.


text:
Today in History, May 22, 1992: Johnny Carson retired from 'Tonight Show'
After a reign lasting nearly 30 years, Johnny Carson hosted NBC's "Tonight Show" for the final time on May 22, 1992.
Today in History, May 22, 1992: Johnny Carson retired from 'Tonight Show' After a reign lasting nearly 30 years, Johnny Carson hosted NBC's "Tonight Show" for the final time on May 22, 1992. Check out this story on cincinnati.com: https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/05/22/today-history-may-22-1992-johnny-carson-retired-tonight-show/3722393002/
Associated Press Published 7:00 a.m. ET May 22, 2019
Johnny Carson, during the taping of his final "Tonight Show," on May 22, 1992. (Photo: AP Photo/Douglas C. Pizac)
Today is May 22. On this date in:
The first American life insurance policy was issued in Philadelphia to the Rev. Francis Allison, whose premium was 6 pounds per year.
A major train robbery took place near Marshfield, Indiana, as members of the Reno gang made off with $96,000 in loot.
The American Cancer Society was founded in New York under its original name, the American Society for the Control of Cancer.
Cincinnati's Coney Island opened its Sunlite Pool.
More: Our history: A history of the area's favorite amusement parks
The foreign ministers of Germany and Italy, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Galeazzo Ciano, signed a "Pact of Steel" committing the two countries to a military alliance.
An earthquake of magnitude 9.5, the strongest ever measured, struck Chile, claiming 1,655 lives.
Continental Airlines Flight 11, en route from Chicago to Kansas City, Missouri, crashed after a bomb apparently brought on board by a passenger exploded, killing all 45 occupants of the Boeing 707.
The nuclear-powered submarine USS Scorpion, with 99 men aboard, sank in the Atlantic Ocean. (The remains of the sub were later found on the ocean floor 400 miles southwest of the Azores.)
President Richard Nixon began a visit to the Soviet Union, during which he and Kremlin leaders signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
After a reign lasting nearly 30 years, Johnny Carson hosted NBC's "Tonight Show" for the final time.
Ford Motor Co. said it planned to spend more than $2 billion to replace up to 13 million Firestone tires on its vehicles because of safety concerns.
A tornado devastated Joplin, Missouri, with winds up to 250 mph, claiming at least 159 lives and destroying about 8,000 homes and businesses.
GALLERY: Island Wheel at Coney Island
The new 155 foot tall mobile wheel at the opening of the Island Wheel attraction at Coney Island in Cincinnati on Friday, May 25, 2018. Sam Greene/The Enquirer
A view of the amusement park from inside a gondola at the opening of the Island Wheel attraction at Coney Island in Cincinnati on Friday, May 25, 2018. Sam Greene/The Enquirer
A view of Belterra Park from inside a gondola at the opening of the Island Wheel attraction at Coney Island in Cincinnati on Friday, May 25, 2018. Sam Greene/The Enquirer
Support beams of the neat 115 foot tall wheel at the opening of the Island Wheel attraction at Coney Island in Cincinnati on Friday, May 25, 2018. Sam Greene/The Enquirer
Park employees line up to be the first time ride at the opening of the Island Wheel attraction at Coney Island in Cincinnati on Friday, May 25, 2018. Sam Greene/The Enquirer
Read or Share this story: https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/05/22/today-history-may-22-1992-johnny-carson-retired-tonight-show/3722393002/


The worn and shattered cone of Rano Raraku (where the moai quarry is located) as seen from the anchorage in Hotu Iti cove. The eroded flanks of Maunga Pukatikei adjacent to Hotu Iti cove; the tiny pointy islet is Motu Marotiri.
You can just make out some moai standing on the flank of Rano Raraku. The 15 moai of Ahu Tongariki. The ahu restoration was funded by the Japanese. In historic times, a tsunami toppled the moai and washed them inland. Also, on the shoreline near the left side of the picture you can see a small white object. This is the single navigation light that I mention later in the story.
As we neared the Hotu Iti anchorage, we saw the shattered and worn cone of the volcano Rano Raraku, where the moai quarry is located. There are supposed to be numerous moai here in various states of completion, right where the ancient stone carvers hacked them out of the solid rock of the volcano. Far in the distance, we could see numerous erect moai on the outside flanks of the volcano, as well as a restored display of 15 moai on an ahu close to shore at the head of Hotu Iti cove.
On the other side of the cove we saw the huge volcano Maunga Pukatikei, with the seaward side eroded to sheer cliffs displaying the layers of lava flows that formed the volcanic cone. We saw some people ashore near the landing at the head of the cove, although from our present viewpoint the landing itself looked untenable in the swell. We anchored without difficulty in about 50 feet of water over an uneven bottom, but in a very good location to protect us from the strong north to northwest winds.
After our arrival and anchoring chores were completed, Marcie baked a huge batch of chocolate chip cookies—yay, Marcie, way to go! I stayed up late (11:00 p.m.) to catch up on my journal, but Marcie and David went to bed at the usual time (8:30 p.m. or so) after a long and busy day. In the evening, Pascua Radio called us and gave us a weather forecast for tomorrow. It sounded very unsettled, with clouds, rain, squalls, and strong winds. The good part is that we are in the perfect location to keep us in the lee of the island. The swell might be rolly and uncomfortable, but at least we won't have to worry about being blown on to a lee shore. The worst thing that can happen here is that we could be blown out to sea, and there's nothing out there to run into for thousands of miles.
More views of Rano Raraku.
A fisherman surfcasting along the rocky shore of Hotu Iti cove.


Slideshow: Here are some enjoyable Mercedes-Benz cars that also make great appreciating assets.
Another 80's classic, the 190 E debuted way back in 1983. Like the regular 190, it was fitted with an M102 engine, but packed around 30% more horsepower thanks to its multi-point fuel injection. The compact sedan was designed to be the ultimate Mercedes driver's car. Best of all, picking up a stellar example will cost you less than $20,000 today.
The days of finding a $25,000 Pagoda are long gone, unfortunately. And even though you'll pay at least three to four times that much today for a nice one, it's still worth it. Because most experts agree that these cars haven't come close to maxing out yet. The reasons for the car's newfound popularity are obvious - fantastic and unique styling, a great ride, and all-around pleasant driving experience. Snooze on the Pagoda, and you'll undoubtedly lose.


God is sovereign and all knowing. He will be exalted among the nations and His counsel shall stand forever. Nothing is too difficult for God and He will bring all things together for His glory and His name will be exalted above all. All we need to do is be still and know He is God and trust Him as He unfolds the events. Trust in the Lord with all your heart and take shelter under His wings. Praise the Lord!


Collection Y is made by Kutarq Studio and it is formed of three parts: "Y side table", "Console Y" and bedside "cube". The supplies from this collection have a minimal structure and a clean shape being made of steel bars and solid oak. The Y-shaped metal frame of the furniture gives a touch of originality, while increasing in the same time the versatility of these products. Based on pure geometric shapes and metal-wood combination, Collection Y seems to be suitable for a high diversity of design concepts from contemporary interiors to vintage or retro arrangements. Simple and functional but in the same time elegant, these supplies come with a contribution of good taste to the interior design of a space.