Some of the gang from Tongole pictured in the paper!
Rate: $200/night per person – all-inclusive except for alcoholic drinks. Rate also includes activities.
Breakfast: Included and delicious! Made to order, lots of local treats. Lunch and dinner also included. Small hotel, so they can personalize the meals and tailor to your needs. Let them know ahead of time if you have dietary restrictions though, as there isn't exactly a grocery store around the corner from here!!
Tongole Wilderness Lodge. What a wonderful place!!!!
Getting here was an adventure, and we had a great time road-tripping from Lilongwe to the Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve. I would take away a point for difficulty of getting here, if I didn't enjoy the adventure so much, so that's basically a wash! And apparently, there are other ways of arriving (such as a nearby airstrip) so I guess I'll give one Chitalian point for options for arrival! And the warm welcome by (then newlyweds) Zane & Jo and the rest of the staff, all of whom came out to greet us and give us a welcome beverage, was a nice way to end the trip.
Walking into the lodge itself was impressive. The main lodge calls to mind a treehouse. You walk in, past the lobby into the main lounge, and there is a 2nd floor seating area suspended above you. One point for creative design and another for the feeling of instant relaxation that washes over you the minute you walk through the door. The main lodge is has a few couches and chairs, giving you options to sit and relax – the perfect place to curl up with a book. Another point for having cozy places to curl up, all over the place!
Activities are also included in your price (another point for value!), as are snacks during those activities – though if you want to add alcohol to any of your outings or meals, that is extra. They have a lot of available activities, including a canoe/kayak trip, a Jeep safari tour along the river, fishing, hiking – all kinds of wonderful things to do, and all at no extra cost. 2 points for all the activity options. The all-inclusive approach that Tongole takes is something I really like because there's nothing worse than paying for a nice room, and then getting nickel-and-dimed for everything you want to do when you arrive. 2 points for the all-inclusive approach.
Our first day at Tongole, Zane took us on a Jeep Safari along the river. Now, really, whenever you take a safari of any kind – walking, driving, boat, whatever – it's really the luck of the draw that determines whether you see anything or not. We didn't see anything particularly memorable on this safari – a couple of birds, mostly – but nonetheless, we were in a lovely spot, watching the sunset, and were quite happy with the outing. And I loved the little table that attached to the front of the Jeep (I say "Jeep" but it might have been a Land Rover, or some other SUV, I'm really not sure) – that would be awesome for my annual baseball/tailgating outing with some of my friends back home!! Mental note…. look into that! 🙂 Even though there was relatively little wildlife on this tour, Zane kept us entertained and happy, so another point for the tour!
Now let's talk about the rooms. The layout of the design is really cool. The rooms are in individual Chalets, down the path from the main lodge. F and I were sharing a chalet, and C & P each had their own. They only have 4 Chalets, so you will always have a very personal experience here. They simply can't accommodate a huge number of guests! While we visited, we occupied 3 of the Chalets, and the 4th Chalet was being occupied by a young volunteer from England. F and I enjoyed our spacious Chalet, and I can't speak for anyone else, but I did sleep quite soundly here! I loved the open air idea, with the thatched roof, and the wrought iron bars over the doors, just enough to keep the wildlife out of the room, while allowing you to pretty much sleep outdoors…. in the comfort of a bed! Best of all worlds! 2 points for the chalet design!
Each Chalet has its own balcony & you can barely see the main lodge through the trees. From our room, we could see the next Chalet, but that was really about it. Standing on the balcony, you could see the river bed, and in the morning I could see monkeys hopping around, and a some points, elephants along the river bank, or taking a dip in the water. Trust me, there's nothing like watching an elephant frolic in a river from your very own balcony.
Our balcony – the perfect place for sunrise yoga!
that I rarely get to experience in my "regular" life back home. So another 2 points for having the most serene and peaceful surroundings. Idyllic setting, really. If I had brought a yoga mat with me, or had one in the room, it would have been absolutely the perfect place to practice – being barefoot on the wood balcony was good, but I did find that there were some poses that weren't comfortable without a mat. I really missed my favorite yoga mat from home!! (Tongole, provide a yoga mat or two in each room and you could score extra points with guests like me!) There is just something magical about waking up and practicing yoga in the fresh air, surrounded by trees filled with birds singing, and taking breaks to watch monkeys frolic nearby!
If you look carefully near the trunk of the tree, you'll see a little monkey right in the middle there…..
Upstairs area – perfect place for dinner!
Now, I mentioned above that the rate is inclusive of meals, so I guess I should give you an idea of how those work! The meals are served family style, as with only 4 chalets, the capacity of the hotel is quite small. When we were there, the 4 of us were the only guests in the hotel. Other than us, the only other people there were the staff and a volunteer who was helping out there for a while. The first meal or two were served to the four of us either in the lodge or in the upstairs dining area, but for our last dinner, the volunteer and some of the staff came and dined with us – which I loved! We had a great time with the staff, and really enjoyed getting to know them a bit. After dinner, we all stayed in the lodge, having our tarot cards read by P, and lounging by the lovely fire pit. Two points for collegial & relaxing atmosphere!
Another thing that I really like about Tongole is that I can feel good about going here from an environmental standpoint. In fact, this is one place where the UK Travel Channel's Ethical Hedonist has visited. To see a preview of his episode visiting Tongole, click here. If you're into "green travel" and being responsible with your choice of vacation spot, this is definitely the place for you.
Just a little preview – you can watch the elephants while you order breakfast at Tongole!!!
Now, of course, being a Wildlife Lodge, the best thing about Tongole is your ability to get up close to all kinds of wildlife during your visit. For us, it was more Elephants than any other animal. Our Elephant Experience yielded so many pictures that it deserved its own post – so that's up next!! In addition to giving you a good vantage point to observe wildlife, the folks at Tongole have shown a genuine commitment to the environment and the animals. Their electricity and hot water are generated by solar power. 3 points for that. And when they came across some Serval kittens whose mother was, sadly, killed, Tongole came to the rescue to help ensure the survival of these kittens – Read about the Serval kitten rescue efforts here. I'm an animal lover, so Tongole gets 4 points from this Chitalian for their commitment to the animals that surround them. If you'd like to learn about their charitable work and the Tongole Foundation, click here!
The bottom line? Not only would I wholeheartedly & enthusiastically recommend it to others, I really hope that I'll get to go back sometime soon! And what's the Chitalian total? 24 points!! Previously unheard of on this strange chitalian scale! Tongole has just unseated the Kelebek Special Cave Hotel as my previously best-rated hotel. Good job, Tongole!!
OK, and just a few more of my pictures of this wonderful place!
Another view of the upstairs dining area – reminds me of a treehouse!


Thinking of starting a coin collection? Or maybe you've inherited someone else's collection and you're not sure what to do with it. Here our coin experts are sharing helpful resources to point you in the right direction when you don't know much about U.S. coins and their values. See what to watch out for when buying or selling coins, the best coin collecting supplies to start with, and lots of unique tips for collecting coins that you won't find anywhere else.
Post Mint Damage (or Post Strike Damage) refers to any damage a coin has suffered after leaving the U.S. Mint — including scratches, dings, holes, bumps, nicks, and gouges. See how damaged coins are different from error coins, plus the value of damaged coins.
Looking for coin classifieds? Want to sell coins online? Here are some professional coin auction sites, coin dealers, coin consignment sites, and other places where you can list your coins for sale. Or, you can post your coins for sale on this site… for free.
What's The Difference Between Being A Numismatist & A Coin Collector?
Wondering about the difference between being a numismatist and a coin collector? A coin collector is somebody who gathers coins with the intention of completing sets of coins. A numismatist is a person who studies coins and money from a historic, social, or artistic sense. See other differences and why many people are both!
The U.S. Mint's state quarter program began in 1999 and continued through 2008. In all, 50 statehood quarters were made — one for each state in the United States. They were released into circulation in the order that the statehoods came into existence. Here's the official list of all 50 state quarters and their release dates. Plus, everything you need to know about collecting the 50 state quarters, and fun ways to save state quarters that you probably haven't thought of!
You don't need to be wealthy to buy silver coins. Here are 4 ways to buy cheap silver coins when you're on a budget. Plus, tips for collecting silver coins when you're on a budget. Before you buy silver coins, read this!
Do you know how to tell a copper penny from a zinc penny? Here are 4 ways to tell if you have a copper penny vs. a zinc penny. When you finish reading these 4 tips, you'll know how to quickly tell zinc pennies from copper pennies!
A coin dealer is one of the greatest resources that we coin collectors have. Coin dealers are coin experts that can help you: buy coins, sell coins, get a coin appraisal, locate hard-to-find coins, and learn more about your coins. Here are 5 tips to help you find a coin dealer near you who's reputable and reliable.
Looking to buy silver dollars at rock bottom prices? I've got 4 proven tips that will help you find even cheap Morgan dollars & cheap Peace dollars at super low prices.
Coin rolls are used mostly by banks and retailers, but they're treasure troves for coin collectors! Here's how many coins come in a roll (by denomination). Plus some tips for rolling coins yourself and searching for valuable coins in rolls.
Why Are 1943 Coins Special & What Are They Worth?
Some 1943 coins are worth hundreds, even thousands of dollars? Find out why and see if you have valuable, rare coins from the World War II era.
I've bought & sold coins on eBay for years. Here are 4 things you should know, what to look for in eBay coin sellers, how to buy coins on eBay & how to win!
Collecting pennies is fun! Here are 9 interesting ways to build penny collections that you probably haven't thought of. Plus the latest penny values.
Thinking of buying old coin collecting supplies such as books, folders, albums, or display cases? A coin expert's opinion before you buy used coin supplies.
We all make mistakes with our coins. Here are 4 common errors that many coin collectors have made. If you're new to coin collecting, don't do these things!
What Are First Strike Coins?
Curious about the value of First Strike coins? Are they even worth buying? Here's an expert analysis on whether First Strike coins are a good investment.
Want to buy coins at discounted prices? Here's where to find cheap coins, what to ask when you visit a coin dealer, and how to get the most for your money.
What are impaired proof coins? What makes them different from regular proof coins? Is it a good idea to collect impaired proof coins? Here's the scoop!
Coin grading companies give collectors the opportunity to create coin registry sets. Learn about these high-grade coin sets and how to build a registry set.
Collecting coins on a shoestring budget? Need a way to display, store, or organize your coins? Here are 5 cheap coin supplies you simply can't be without.
Budget short sets are ideal for coin collectors that want to collect coins from their favorite series without breaking the bank. Here are 5 short set ideas.
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Here are my best tips for collecting Kennedy half dollars — which ones are rare, what they are worth, and where you can find them. Plus, a list of the 5 types of copper-nickel clad & silver Kennedy half dollars that people often like to collect.


text:
using namespace QtCSV;

bool openFile(const QString& filePath, QFile& file) {
    if (!CheckFile(filePath, true)) {
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error - wrong file path:" << filePath;
        return false;
    }

    file.setFileName(filePath);
    const auto result = file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
    if (!result) {
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error - can't open file:" << filePath;
    }

    return result;
}

// ElementInfo is a helper struct that is used as indicator of row end
struct ElementInfo {
    bool isEnded = true;
};

class ReaderPrivate {
    // Check if file path and separator are valid
    static bool checkParams(const QString& separator);

    // Split string to elements
    static QList<QString> splitElements(
       const QString& line,
       const QString& separator,
       const QString& textDelimiter,
       ElementInfo& elemInfo);

    // Try to find end position of first or middle element
    static qsizetype findMiddleElementPosition(
        const QString& str,
        const qsizetype& startPos,
        const QString& separator,
        const QString& txtDelim);

    // Check if current element is the last element
    static bool isElementLast(
        const QString& str,
        const qsizetype startPos,
        const QString& separator,
        const QString& txtDelim);

    // Remove extra symbols (spaces, text delimeters...)
    static void removeExtraSymbols(
        QList<QString>& elements, const QString& textDelimiter);

public:
    // Function that really reads csv-data and transfer it's data to
    // AbstractProcessor-based processor
    static bool read(
        QIODevice& ioDevice,
        Reader::AbstractProcessor& processor,
        const QString& separator,
        const QString& textDelimiter,
        QStringConverter::Encoding codec);
};

// Function that really reads csv-data and transfer it's data to
// AbstractProcessor-based processor
// @input:
// - ioDevice - IO Device containing the csv-formatted data
// - processor - refernce to AbstractProcessor-based object
// - separator - string or character that separate values in a row
// - textDelimiter - string or character that enclose row elements
// - codec - pointer to codec object that would be used for file reading
// @output:
// - bool - result of read operation
bool ReaderPrivate::read(
    QIODevice& ioDevice,
    Reader::AbstractProcessor& processor,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    if (!checkParams(separator)) { return false; }

    // Open IO Device if it was not opened
    if (!ioDevice.isOpen() && !ioDevice.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error - failed to open IO Device";
        return false;
    }

    QTextStream stream(&ioDevice);
    stream.setEncoding(codec);

    // This list will contain elements of the row if its elements
    // are located on several lines
    QList<QString> row;

    ElementInfo elemInfo;
    auto result = true;
    while (!stream.atEnd()) {
        auto line = stream.readLine();
        processor.preProcessRawLine(line);
        auto elements = ReaderPrivate::splitElements(
            line, separator, textDelimiter, elemInfo);
        if (elemInfo.isEnded) {
            // Current row ends on this line. Check if these elements are
            // end elements of the long row
            if (row.isEmpty()) {
                // No, these elements constitute the entire row
                if (!processor.processRowElements(elements)) {
                    result = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            else {
                // Yes, these elements should be added to the row
                if (!elements.isEmpty()) {
                    row.last().append(elements.takeFirst());
                    row << elements;
                }

                if (!processor.processRowElements(row)) {
                    result = false;
                    break;
                }

                row.clear();
            }
        }
        else {
            // These elements constitute long row that lasts on several lines
            if (!elements.isEmpty()) {
                if (!row.isEmpty()) {
                    row.last().append(elements.takeFirst());
                }

                row << elements;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!elemInfo.isEnded && !row.isEmpty()) {
        result = processor.processRowElements(row);
    }

    return result;
}

// Check if file path and separator are valid
// @input:
// - separator - string or character that separate values in a row
// @output:
// - bool - True if file path and separator are valid, otherwise False
bool ReaderPrivate::checkParams(const QString& separator) {
    if (separator.isEmpty()) {
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error - separator could not be empty";
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// Split string to elements
// @input:
// - line - string with data
// - separator - string or character that separate elements
// - textDelimiter - string that is used as text delimiter
// @output:
// - QList<QString> - list of elements
QList<QString> ReaderPrivate::splitElements(
    const QString& line,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    ElementInfo& elemInfo)
{
    // If separator is empty, return whole line. Can't work in this
    // conditions!
    if (separator.isEmpty()) {
        elemInfo.isEnded = true;
        return (QList<QString>() << line);
    }

    if (line.isEmpty()) {
        // If previous row was ended, then return empty QList<QString>.
        // Otherwise return list that contains one element - new line symbols
        return elemInfo.isEnded ? QList<QString>() : (QList<QString>() << LF);
    }

    QList<QString> result;
    qsizetype pos = 0;
    while (pos < line.size()) {
        if (elemInfo.isEnded) {
            // This line is a new line, not a continuation of the previous
            // line.
            // Check if element starts with the delimiter symbol
            const auto delimiterPos = line.indexOf(textDelimiter, pos);
            if (delimiterPos == pos) {
                pos = delimiterPos + textDelimiter.size();

                // Element starts with the delimiter symbol. It means that
                // this element could contain any number of double
                // delimiters and separator symbols. This element could:
                // 1. Be the first or the middle element. Then it should end
                // with delimiter and the seprator symbols standing next to each
                // other.
                const auto midElemEndPos = findMiddleElementPosition(
                    line, pos, separator, textDelimiter);
                if (midElemEndPos > 0) {
                    const auto length = midElemEndPos - pos;
                    result << line.mid(pos, length);
                    pos =
                        midElemEndPos + textDelimiter.size() + separator.size();
                    continue;
                }

                // 2. Be The last element on the line. Then it should end with
                // delimiter symbol.
                if (isElementLast(line, pos, separator, textDelimiter)) {
                    const auto length = line.size() - textDelimiter.size() - pos;
                    result << line.mid(pos, length);
                    break;
                }

                // 3. Not ends on this line
                const auto length = line.size() - pos;
                result << line.mid(pos, length);
                elemInfo.isEnded = false;
                break;
            }
            else {
                // Element do not starts with the delimiter symbol. It means
                // that this element do not contain double delimiters and it
                // ends at the next separator symbol.
                // Check if line contains separator symbol.
                const auto separatorPos = line.indexOf(separator, pos);
                if (separatorPos >= 0) {
                    // If line contains separator symbol, then our element
                    // located between current position and separator
                    // position. Copy it into result list and move
                    // current position over the separator position.
                    result << line.mid(pos, separatorPos - pos);

                    // Special case: if line ends with separator symbol,
                    // then at the end of the line we have empty element.
                    if (separatorPos == line.size() - separator.size()) {
                        result << QString();
                    }

                    // Move the current position on to the next element
                    pos = separatorPos + separator.size();
                }
                else {
                    // If line do not contains separator symbol, then
                    // this element ends at the end of the string.
                    // Copy it into result list and exit the loop.
                    result << line.mid(pos);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // This line is a continuation of the previous. Last element of the
            // previous line did not end. It started with delimiter symbol.
            // It means that this element could contain any number of double
            // delimiters and separator symbols. This element could:
            // 1. Ends somewhere in the middle of the line. Then it should ends
            // with delimiter and the seprator symbols standing next to each
            // other.
            const auto midElemEndPos = findMiddleElementPosition(
                line, pos, separator, textDelimiter);
            if (midElemEndPos >= 0) {
                result << (LF + line.mid(pos, midElemEndPos - pos));
                pos = midElemEndPos + textDelimiter.size() + separator.size();
                elemInfo.isEnded = true;
                continue;
            }

            // 2. Ends at the end of the line. Then it should ends with
            // delimiter symbol.
            if (isElementLast(line, pos, separator, textDelimiter)) {
                const auto length = line.size() - textDelimiter.size() - pos;
                result << (LF + line.mid(pos, length));
                elemInfo.isEnded = true;
                break;
            }

            // 3. Not ends on this line
            result << (LF + line);
            break;
        }
    }

    removeExtraSymbols(result, textDelimiter);
    return result;
}

// Try to find end position of first or middle element
// @input:
// - str - string with data
// - startPos - start position of the current element in the string
// - separator - string or character that separate elements
// - textDelimiter - string that is used as text delimiter
// @output:
// - qsizetype - end position of the element or -1 if this element is not first
// or middle
qsizetype ReaderPrivate::findMiddleElementPosition(
    const QString& str,
    const qsizetype& startPos,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& txtDelim)
{
    const qsizetype ERROR = -1;
    if (str.isEmpty() ||
        startPos < 0 ||
        separator.isEmpty() ||
        txtDelim.isEmpty())
    {
        return ERROR;
    }

    const auto elemEndSymbols = txtDelim + separator;
    auto elemEndPos = startPos;
    while (elemEndPos < str.size()) {
        // Find position of element end symbol
        elemEndPos = str.indexOf(elemEndSymbols, elemEndPos);
        if (elemEndPos < 0) {
            // This element could not be the middle element, becaise string
            // do not contains any end symbols
            return ERROR;
        }

        // Check that this is really the end symbols of the
        // element and we don't mix up it with double delimiter
        // and separator. Calc number of delimiter symbols from elemEndPos
        // to startPos that stands together.
        qsizetype numOfDelimiters = 0;
        for (auto pos = elemEndPos; startPos <= pos; --pos, ++numOfDelimiters) {
            const auto strRef = str.mid(pos, txtDelim.size());
            if (QString::compare(strRef, txtDelim) != 0) { break; }
        }

        // If we have odd number of delimiter symbols that stand together,
        // then this is the even number of double delimiter symbols + last
        // delimiter symbol. That means that we have found end position of
        // the middle element.
        if (numOfDelimiters % 2 == 1) {
            return elemEndPos;
        }
        else {
            // Otherwise this is not the end of the middle element and we
            // should try again
            elemEndPos += elemEndSymbols.size();
        }
    }

    return ERROR;
}

// Check if current element is the last element
// @input:
// - str - string with data
// - startPos - start position of the current element in the string
// - separator - string or character that separate elements
// - textDelimiter - string that is used as text delimiter
// @output:
// - bool - True if the current element is the last element of the string,
// False otherwise
bool ReaderPrivate::isElementLast(
    const QString& str,
    const qsizetype startPos,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& txtDelim)
{
    if (str.isEmpty() ||
        startPos < 0 ||
        separator.isEmpty() ||
        txtDelim.isEmpty())
    {
        return false;
    }

    // Check if string ends with text delimiter. If not, then this element
    // do not ends on this line
    if (!str.endsWith(txtDelim)) { return false; }

    // Check that this is really the end symbols of the
    // element and we don't mix up it with double delimiter.
    // Calc number of delimiter symbols from end
    // to startPos that stands together.
    qsizetype numOfDelimiters = 0;
    for (auto pos = str.size() - 1; startPos <= pos; --pos, ++numOfDelimiters) {
        const auto strRef = str.mid(pos, txtDelim.size());
        if (QString::compare(strRef, txtDelim) != 0) { break; }
    }

    // If we have odd number of delimiter symbols that stand together,
    // then this is the even number of double delimiter symbols + last
    // delimiter symbol. That means that this element is the last on the line.
    return numOfDelimiters % 2 == 1;
}

// Remove extra symbols (spaces, text delimeters...)
// @input:
// - elements - list of row elements
// - textDelimiter - string that is used as text delimiter
void ReaderPrivate::removeExtraSymbols(
    QList<QString>& elements, const QString& textDelimiter)
{
    if (elements.isEmpty()) { return; }

    const auto doubleTextDelim = textDelimiter + textDelimiter;
    for (auto i = 0; i < elements.size(); ++i) {
        const auto str = QStringView{elements.at(i)};
        if (str.isEmpty()) { continue; }

        qsizetype startPos = 0, endPos = str.size() - 1;

        // Find first non-space char
        for (; startPos < str.size() &&
               str.at(startPos).category() == QChar::Separator_Space;
             ++startPos);

        // Find last non-space char
        for (;
             endPos >= 0 && str.at(endPos).category() == QChar::Separator_Space;
             --endPos);

        if (!textDelimiter.isEmpty()) {
            // Skip text delimiter symbol if element starts with it
            const auto strStart = str.mid(startPos, textDelimiter.size());
            if (strStart == textDelimiter) {
                startPos += textDelimiter.size();
            }

            // Skip text delimiter symbol if element ends with it
            const auto strEnd = str.mid(
                endPos - textDelimiter.size() + 1, textDelimiter.size());
            if (strEnd == textDelimiter) {
                endPos -= textDelimiter.size();
            }
        }

        if ((0 < startPos || endPos < str.size() - 1) &&
            startPos <= endPos) {
            elements[i] = elements[i].mid(startPos, endPos - startPos + 1);
        }

        // Also replace double text delimiter with one text delimiter symbol
        elements[i].replace(doubleTextDelim, textDelimiter);
    }
}

// ReadToListProcessor - processor that saves rows of elements to list.
class ReadToListProcessor : public Reader::AbstractProcessor {
public:
    QList<QList<QString>> data;

    bool processRowElements(const QList<QString>& elements) override {
        data << elements;
        return true;
    }
};

// Read csv-file and save it's data as strings to QList<QList<QString>>
// @input:
// - filePath - string with absolute path to csv-file
// - separator - string or character that separate elements in a row
// - textDelimiter - string or character that enclose each element in a row
// - codec - pointer to codec object that would be used for file reading
// @output:
// - QList<QList<QString>> - list of values (as strings) from csv-file. In case of
// error will return empty QList<QList<QString>>.
QList<QList<QString>> Reader::readToList(
    const QString& filePath,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    QFile file;
    return openFile(filePath, file) ?
        readToList(file, separator, textDelimiter, codec) : QList<QList<QString>>();
}

// Read csv-formatted data from IO Device and save it
// as strings to QList<QList<QString>>
QList<QList<QString>> Reader::readToList(
    QIODevice &ioDevice,
    const QString &separator,
    const QString &textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    ReadToListProcessor processor;
    ReaderPrivate::read(ioDevice, processor, separator, textDelimiter, codec);
    return processor.data;
}

// Read csv-file and save it's data to AbstractData-based container class
// @input:
// - filePath - string with absolute path to csv-file
// - data - AbstractData object where all file content will be saved
// - separator - string or character that separate elements in a row
// - textDelimiter - string or character that enclose each element in a row
// - codec - pointer to codec object that would be used for file reading
// @output:
// - bool - True if file was successfully read, otherwise False
bool Reader::readToData(
    const QString& filePath,
    AbstractData& data,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    QFile file;
    return openFile(filePath, file) ?
        readToData(file, data, separator, textDelimiter, codec) : false;
}

// Read csv-formatted data from IO Device and save it
// to AbstractData-based container class
bool Reader::readToData(
    QIODevice& ioDevice,
    AbstractData& data,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    ReadToListProcessor processor;
    const auto result = ReaderPrivate::read(
        ioDevice, processor, separator, textDelimiter, codec);
    if (result) {
        for (auto i = 0; i < processor.data.size(); ++i) {
            data.addRow(processor.data.at(i));
        }
    }

    return result;
}

// Read csv-file and process it line-by-line
// @input:
// - filePath - string with absolute path to csv-file
// - processor - AbstractProcessor-based object that receives data from
// csv-file line-by-line
// - separator - string or character that separate elements in a row
// - textDelimiter - string or character that enclose each element in a row
// - codec - pointer to codec object that would be used for file reading
// @output:
// - bool - True if file was successfully read, otherwise False
bool Reader::readToProcessor(
    const QString& filePath,
    Reader::AbstractProcessor& processor,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    QFile file;
    return openFile(filePath, file) ?
        readToProcessor(file, processor, separator, textDelimiter, codec) : false;
}

// Read csv-formatted data from IO Device and process it line-by-line
bool Reader::readToProcessor(
    QIODevice& ioDevice,
    Reader::AbstractProcessor& processor,
    const QString& separator,
    const QString& textDelimiter,
    const QStringConverter::Encoding codec)
{
    return ReaderPrivate::read(
        ioDevice, processor, separator, textDelimiter, codec);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Other Pacific Sites:
Rongorongo Texts.
Earth Navel's
Cross-culturality.
Archaeo-astronomy.
The Top-50 Stones.
Prehistoric Pacific.
Pre-Columbian America.
Index of Ancient Sites.
Homepage.
Ancient Wisdom Jewelry
A-Z Site Index.
Location: Easter Island, Pacific Ocean. Grid Reference: 27° 8' 24" S, 109° 20' W
Easter Island: ('Big Island', 'The navel of the Earth', 'The eye turned to the sky').
Easter Island is situated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and was one of the primary islands of the Polynesian Island group. Hundreds of stone statues or 'Maoi' lie scattered around the island, and encircle it on long raised platforms. The island poses several questions in regards pre-Columbian contact with the Americas.
The small, isolated nature of the island led many to suggest that this may have led to the eventual implosion of tribal activity on the island, which culminated only shortly before its discovery by the Dutch in 1772. Recent studies however suggest that the islanders were masters of their environment and the collapse actually occurred 'following' European contact. (7)
There have been several suggestions of an origin and contact from both sides of the Atlantic.
(Click here for Map of Island)
Easter Island: (Rapa Nui).
The island was 'discovered' on Easter sunday (April 5th), and was therefore named Easter island. Before this, it had been called 'Rapa Nui' - (Big Island), 'Matakiterani' (Eye turned to the sky), and 'Te Pito No Te Henua' (The Navel of the Earth). (1)
A Brief History. The reigning consensus is that Easter Island was colonized around 300-400 AD as part of an eastward migratory trend that originated in Southeast Asia around 2000 BC. The settlers are thought to have been Polynesians from the Marquesas Islands, 3600 km northwest, or the Mangareva (Gambier) Islands, 2500 km west. (4) The large separation of Easter Island from any other inhabited island has led historians to believe that their arrival was an accidental and once only event. This view is strongly contested, in light of other known examples of Polynesian feats of navigation, and the several various cultural influences seen in the iconography of the island.
The earliest Radio-carbon date so far from the island is 380 AD, from Thor Hyerdahl's expedition. (1)
The island was officially discovered in 1722 by a Dutch expedition under Admiral Jacob Roggeveen.
Like subsequent European visitors, the Dutch reported seeing not only fair-skinned Polynesians, but people of darker skin, others who were white like Europeans, and a few with reddish skin.(4)
In 1770 a Spanish party from Peru claimed the island for Spain. A conflict seems to have raged on the island before the arrival of the British navigator Captain James Cook four years later. He found a decimated, poverty-stricken population, and observed that the statue cult seemed to have ended, as most of the statues had been pulled down. It's possible that some of the statues were toppled even before the Dutch and Spanish visits but that those sailors did not visit the same sites as Cook.
The Frenchman La Pérouse visited Easter Island in 1786 and found the population calm and prosperous, suggesting a quick recovery from any catastrophe. In 1804 a Russian visitor reported that at least 20 statues were still standing. Accounts from subsequent years suggest another period of destruction so that perhaps only a handful of statues were still standing a decade later. Some of the statues still upright at the beginning of the 19th century were knocked down by western expeditions.
Chronology:
380 AD - Thor Hyerdahl's earliest uncorrected C-14 date from Easter Island. (1)
690 AD (+/- 130) - William Mulloy's earliest uncorrected C-14 date from Easter Island. (1)
907-957 AD (+/1 200) - Earliest Ahu with Solar orientation according to William Mulloy. (1)
1772 - Island first 'officially' discovered on Easter Sunday by Dutch.
1862 - Peruvian slavers took 1,000 men (Most of the male population), to work the Guano Islands of Lima. 100 survivors were later returned, of which 15 reached their homes (carrying smallpox), which almost finished the population of the island. (1)
1864 - Total remaining island population - 111. (originally estimated at 5,000).
Article: New Scientist. 'Early Americans Helped Colonise Easter Island'. (2011).
South Americans helped colonise Easter Island centuries before Europeans reached it. Clear genetic evidence has, for the first time, given support to elements of this controversial theory showing that while the remote island was mostly colonised from the west, there was also some influx of people from the Americas.
Easter Island is the easternmost island of Polynesia, the scattering of islands that stretches across the Pacific. It is also one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world.
So how did it come to be inhabited in the first place? Genetics, archaeology and linguistics all show that as a whole, Polynesia was colonised from Asia, probably from around Taiwan. The various lines of evidence suggest people began migrating east around 5500 years ago, reached Polynesia 2500 years later, before finally gaining Easter Island after another 1500 years.
But the Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl thought otherwise. In the mid-20th century, he claimed that the famous Easter Island statues were similar to those at Tiahuanaco at Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, so people from South America must have travelled west across the Pacific to Polynesia. His famous Kon-Tiki expedition, in which he sailed a balsa wood raft from Peru to the Tuamotu islands of French Polynesia, showed that the trip could have been made. But if it was made, no trace remained.
Now Erik Thorsby of the University of Oslo in Norway has found clear evidence to support elements of Heyerdahl's hypothesis. In 1971 and 2008 he collected blood samples from Easter Islanders whose ancestors had not interbred with Europeans and other visitors to the island.
Thorsby looked at the HLA genes, which vary greatly from person to person. Most of the islanders' HLA genes were Polynesian, but a few of them also carried HLA genes only previously found in Native American populations.
Genetic shuffling: Because most of Thorsby's volunteers came from one extended family, he was able to work out when the HLA genes entered their lineage. The most probable first known carrier was a woman named Maria Aquala, born in 1846. Crucially, that was before the slave traders arrived in the 1860s and began interbreeding with the islanders.
But the genes may have been around for longer than that. Thorsby found that in some cases the Polynesian and American HLA genes were shuffled together, the result of a process known "recombination". This is rare in HLA genes, meaning the American genes would need to be around for a certain amount of time for it to happen. Thorsby can't put a precise date on it, but says it is likely that Americans reached Easter Island before it was "discovered" by Europeans in 1722.
Thorsby says there may have been a Kon-Tiki-style voyage from South America to Polynesia. Alternatively, Polynesians may have travelled east to South America, and then returned. There is already evidence for that: chicken bones found in Chile turned out to be Polynesian, so we know that the eastward journey did happen at some stage.
However, Thorsby's findings don't mean that Heyerdahl's ideas have been vindicated. The first settlers to Polynesia came from Asia, and they made the biggest contribution to the population. "Heyerdahl was wrong," Thorsby says, "but not completely."
(Article: New Scientist)
Tradition and Myth:
The French ethnologist, Francis Maziere, went to Easter Island in 1963, a few years after Thor Hyerdahl. The emphasis of his research focused on the almost-lost traditions of the islanders concerning their origins. According to Maziere, the legends of settlement of the islands by Polynesians contained allusions to catastrophism. For example, one legend says "King Hotu-Matua's country was called Maori, and it was on the continent of Hiva...The king saw that the land was slowly sinking in the sea", as a result he put all his people into two giant canoes and sailed East to Easter Island. Another legend says that Easter Island was once 'part of a larger country broken up by Uoke because of the sins of its people'. (1)
The Monuments of Easter Island:
The principal stone monuments on Easter Island are ceremonial paths with paved borders, tumuli, pakeopa (or ahu), and, finally, the great stone statues or 'Maoi'.
The 'Maoi' - (The Stone Statues).
Easter Island is perhaps best known for its immense stone statues 'Moai', of which there are approximately 900 scattered across the island. Some of the Maoi were placed, facing towards the centre of the island, on platforms called 'Ahu', built along the coasts. Captain Cook was told in 1774 that they were monuments to earlier 'ariki's', or royalty. The 'Maoi' are also described in local tradition as having once possessed 'mana' or a beneficial power.
All Easter Island's giant statues were supposedly made within the space of a few hundred years. Different phases are clearly discernible, and may be separated by far longer periods than orthodox opinion allows. It is significant that the statues do not bear the slightest resemblance to the Polynesians, and in terms of size, appearance, and number are unique in the Pacific.
All the giant statues on Easter Island have long ears, and some islanders still practised ear elongation at the time the first Europeans arrived. The custom was also practised in the Marquesas Islands in Polynesia, and in Peru; the Incas said they had inherited the custom from their divine ancestors. The oldest known practice of ear extension was among the mariners in the prehistoric Indus Valley harbour-city of Lothal, where large numbers of big earplugs of the type used in ancient Mexico, Peru, and Easter Island have been found. Hindu rulers subsequently adopted the custom, but it was restricted to members of the royal families and images of the Hindu gods. Buddha images with long ears are found all over Asia, and long-eared stone statues have also been dug up in the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.
Hundreds of Maoi are still to be found scattered lying around the island, raising the question of why there are just so many, with more on the way..
Numerous half-finished heads also lie abandoned in the Rano Raraki quarry - as if left suddenly, mid-work.
The huge heads were discovered to have bodies beneath the ground which are controversially argued to have become naturally buried over time. This argument is contested by the fact that they were made with more pointed bottom parts and were placed upright in groups, all facing away from the volcanic quarry (in contrast to the way they all once faced inwards on the Ahu platforms).
The buried parts of the statues, uncovered for the first time by S. Routledge, are of great interest not only because they add to the dimensions of these already huge statues but also because they reveal unsuspected but particularly detailed decorative carving (having been protected from the corrosive effects of the air and the rain).
This buried Maoi was found to have a 'sailing' vessel carved onto it.
There is said to be a distinct difference between the statues at Rano Raraku and those on the Ahu which is that the statues at the crater have a pointed base, destined to be buried in the ground, while those on the ahu have a flat base, so that they can stand on these monuments. This finding is disputed by Heyerdahl (6), who states categorically that following an examination of hundreds of statues, only one has ever been found with a pointed bottom, and that he believes, was because it was faulty. his contention is that they were all destined to eventually encircle the whole island on Ahu.
The statues at the crater are scattered around in a random manner, whereas the statues at the ahu, when they were still standing, were perfectly aligned and in a group. Although the giant statues appear scattered haphazardly, they actually form three major groups on the inner slope of the crater, facing north, such that they all have their backs to the face of the volcanic rock from which they were carved.
Moai Statistics.
The following statistics on Easter Island's moai are the results of Van Tilburg's survey in 1989. She reported, "A total of 887 monolithic statues has been located by the survey to date on Easter Island...397 are still in situ in quarries at the Rano Raraku central production centre.....Fully 288 statues (32% of 887) were successfully transported to a variety of image ahu locations....Another 92 are recorded as "in transport," 47 of these lying in various positions on prepared roads or tracks outside the Rano Raraku zone."
Total number of moai on Easter Island: 887
Total number of maoi that were successfully transported to their final ahu locations: 288 (32% of 887)
Total number of moai still in the Rano Raraku quarry: 397 (45%)
Total number of moai lying 'in transit' outside of the Rano Raraku quarry: 92 (10%)
Less than one third of all carved moai actually made it to a final ceremonial ahu site. Was this due to the inherent difficulties in transporting them? Were the ones that remain in the quarry (45%) deemed culturally unworthy of transport? Were they originally intended to remain in place on the quarry slopes? Or had the islanders run out of the resources necessary to complete the Herculean task of carving and moving the moai?
The Size and Weight of Moai.
Measuring the size, weight, and shape of the 887 moai on Easter Island has been a 15-year process for Van Tilburg. The most notable statues are listed below:
Largest moai:
Location: Rano Raraku Quarry, named "El Gigante"
Height: 71.93 feet, (21.60 meters)
Weight: approximately 145-165 tons (160-182 metric tons)
Largest moai once erect:
Location: Ahu Te Pito Kura, Named "Paro"
Height: 32.63 feet (9.80 meters)
Weight: approximately 82 tons (74.39 metric tons)
Largest moai fallen while being erected:
Location: Ahu Hanga Te Tenga
(Ref: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/easter)
There were clearly some very large stones carved on this island, and although Charles Berlitz estimates the largest carved stone (still unfinished), at approximately 400 tonnes (3), this figure is greatly reduced by D. Zink (1), who estimates the largest 'Moai' on the island at 90 tons (length 90ft, still in quarry). Whether the two are talking about the same object or not is difficult to say, assuming they are however, this disparity illustrates how much estimates can vary from one source to another.
(The Top-50 Megaliths of all Time)
Detailed information about the Maoi: (The Easter Island Statue Project)
The 'Eye turned to the sky'.
When proof was found in 1978 that some of the Easter Island statues once had inlaid eyes, it came as a shock to many researchers, who had opposed the idea on the grounds that this was not a Polynesian custom. Inlaid eyes were a common feature of many of the oldest images of the Middle East, from Egypt to the Indus Valley. The seafaring Hittites, for example, adopted the practice from the Sumerians. Many prehistoric American stone statues also had inlaid eyes.
Stone top-knots or 'Pukao', and eyes made from obsidian and cowry shells bring the statues placed on the 'Ahu' alive. The top-knot (Right), comes from the Isla Zapatera in Nicaragua.
The Ahu Platforms.
There are over 300 stone platforms or Ahu on the island (4), many of them built from huge cyclopean blocks, with similarities to south American structures.
The finest platform masonry, such as that found at Ahu Tahiri (one of the two ahu at Vinapu), consists of 'enormous squared and tooled stones, that turn the edge of the toughest modern steel'. The best facade slabs commonly weigh 2 or 3 tons. At Vinapu one of the polished basalt slabs measures 2.5 by 1.7 m (8 by 5.5 ft) and weighs 6 or 7 tons, while one at Ahu Vai Mata is 3 by 2 m (10 by 6 ft), and weighs 9 or 10 tons.
The cyclopean masonry of Ahu Vinapu and certain other platforms is reminiscent of that of 'Incan' (or rather pre-Incan) monuments to be found at Cuzco, Sacsayhuaman, Ollantaytambo, Machu Picchu, and Sillustani - All in Peru. John Macmillan Brown writes:
The colossal blocks are tooled and cut so as to fit each other. In the Ahu Vinapu and in the fragment of the ahu near Hangaroa beach the stones are as colossal as in the old Temple of the Sun in Cuzco, they are as carefully tooled, and the irregularities of their sides that have to come together are so cut that the two faces exactly fit into each other. These blocks are too huge to have been shifted frequently to let the mason find out whether they fitted or not. They must have been cut and tooled to exact measurement or plan. There is no evidence of chipping after they have been laid. Every angle and projection must have been measured with scientific precision before the stones were nearing their finish.
Archaeo-Astronomy:
'A hint of the existence of a solar cult on Easter Island was found by Hyerdahl in the local name of a cave in which local maidens were once isolated to bleach their skin for certain sacred festivals. This cave, the cave of the white virgin, was also known as "An o keke", or "cave of the sun's inclination". Later, a system of holes bored in the rock at the Orongo ruins was found to indicate the summer solstice (Dec. 21st in the southern hemisphere)...Later, Dr. William Mulloy found that the Vinapu platform was orientated at right angles to the summer solstice sunrise. Dr. Mulloy published a corrected C-14 date of 907-957 AD (+/1 200 years), for the earliest ahu (or temple platform) with a solar orientation'. (1)
Around 20 Ahu appear to have been oriented astronomically, so that the moai faced the rising or setting sun at the solstices or equinoxes. The inland ahu with astronomical orientation are generally linked with the solstices, especially the winter solstice, though the moai of Ahu Akivi face the setting sun at the equinoxes. Astronomically oriented ahu along the coast tend to be positioned so that the moai look straight east or west. This is true of Ahu Tahiri (Vinapu 1), whereas Ahu Vinapu 2 marks the summer solstice. (5)
The Navel of the Navel: Easter Island.
It is an interesting fact that the islanders of Easter Island worship a mysterious site with 5 stone spheres; in the centre of a round stone-enclosure is a bigger stone sphere with 4 smaller stone spheres surrounding it. The site, "Te pito kura" must have been a ritual centre for the earliest islanders to pray and divine for something. The stone sphere on Easter Isle is at the northern coastal area of the island, just north of the statue quarry at the volcanic crater of Rano Raraku.
The islanders have a legend that the statues were moved to the platforms and raised upright by the use of mana, or mind power. Either the god Makemake, or priests or chiefs commanded them to walk or to float through the air, and according to one legend, use was made of a finely crafted stone sphere, 75 cm (2.5 ft) in diameter, called te pito kura ('the golden navel' or 'the navel of light'), to focus the mana.
The Rapa Nui term "Te Pito Kura" translates to "Golden Navel", or "Navel of Light", while "Te Pito Te Henua" translates to "Navel of the World"; which is what Rapa Nui is often referred to by its residents, referencing its place in Polynesian mythology. This specific site is the navel of the navel, as it were, located on the island's shore near Anakena, the spot where Rapa Nui's legendary founding figure, Hotu Matura, is said to have landed. Stone barriers surround a worked stone sphere (the "navel" itself) measuring some 75 centimetres in diameter, reputedly brought by Hotu Matura from overseas. Geological sourcing, however, indicates the sphere is actually of local origin.
(The Costa Rica Stone Balls - Petrospheres)
Kohua Rongo-Rongo: (Easter Island Script).
Easter island is diametrically opposite the Indus-Valley city of Mohenjo-Dharo (Pakistan). It's name proclaims it as an earth Navel, which some authors have suggested is because of this very fact.
It has been noted in the past that the Indus valley script shares many similar symbols to 'Rongo-Rongo'.
(Comparison Between the Indus Valley - Easter island Script)
The incised written tablets termed 'rongo-rongo' were found suspended from the roof in every hut on the arrival of the first missionary (6). On his order, the majority were burnt, while others were hidden away in secret family caves where they deteriorated and perished. Very few have survived today.
It was clearly documented by early missionaries that even the most intelligent and well informed islanders could provide the meaning for any of the signs or provide ideograms for the simplest of words. The following quotes come from Hyerdahl's excellent treaty on 'Early Man and The Ocean' (6):
'They knew each tablet to represent a specific text, but disagreed about which text belonged to which tablet. If one tablet was substituted for another in the middle of their recital, the continued the original text uninterruptedly. The text was recited with singing rather than speaking voice. They piously copied the original old tablets on new boards, and regarded them as magic objects of the greatest value'
Although there were several claims that the script had been deciphered, none have proven worthy of scrutiny. Script itself is a non-Polynesian characteristic and the search for its origin was eventually rewarded through one of its paricular characteristics, which is that it is 'arranged in boustrophedon, i.e. in a continuous serpentine band where every second line is turned upside-down. Europeans, Chinese and the Indus Valley people never wrote in boustrophedon, and the language had been forgotten by the time of the Europeans first arrival. In fact, the only place in the world where this particular style of writing can be found is in South America; Peru to be precise (6). Heine-Geldern also noted a south American provenance, said of it:
'The Cunas (of the modern Republic of Panama) today generally write on paper. But beside this, written wooden tablets also exist, and the Cuna's say that these were the original writing material. The tablets seen by Nordenskiold were intended to be hung up in the houses during celebrations. The ideograms are painted on with colours...Also the writing is in boustrophedon, and with the succession of lines running upwards from the bottom' (6)
The Cuna signs however, although continued in boustrophedon, are not upside-down on each alternate line, and are individually dissimilar to the Easter island signs. The Easter islanders themselves are specific in their tradition of the first immigrant king, Hotu Matua, having brought with him sixty-seven written tablets when he came from his home in the far-east. Heyerdahl mentions that on the arrival of the Europeans, the Indians of Lake Titicaca area still 'continued a primitive form of picture writing' (6). This conforms with the observation by Russian rongo-rongo expert J. V. Knorozov, that the only two places where 'reversed boustrophedon' occur in the world are Easter Island and ancient Peru.
Sariemento Gamboa, upon consulting as assembly of forty-two learned Inca historians recorded the following in reference to the ninth Inca 'Patchacuti Inca Yupanqui':
'...after he had well ascertained the most notable of their ancient histories he had it all painted after its order on large boards, and he placed them in the house of the sun, where the said boards, which were garnished with gold, would be like our libraries, and he appointed learned men who could understand and explain them...' (6)
(List and Description of all known Rongorongo Texts)
The 'Cult of the Bird-Man': (Tangatu Mana).
The entire social life of the Easter islanders used to revolve around the Bird Cult (manutara: the good-luck bird). Moreover, of all the traditions and customs this cult was the last to disappear. The main ceremony every year was organized with the goal of choosing the chief (the chief warrior, in particular), who was called the tangata manu (literally, Man Bird). The man who became tangata manu was the first one to find an egg laid by a migrating sea bird with a long beak, the sooty tern or sea swallow.
Tangatu Mana; The Bird-Man.
The islanders had chosen, for this competition and the accompanying ceremony, the southernmost promontory on the island, where the Kau or Kao volcano (Rano Kau) is located. This crater is 1,300 meters high and approximately three-quarters of a mile in diameter, 198 and there is a small lake, surrounded by grasses and bushes, at the bottom of the crater. On the side of the crater that faces the interior of the island, the slope is quite gentle while, on the other side, the crater forms steep cliffs of more than 400 feet in height 199 that are battered by ocean waves. It is the most impressive site on the island both because of its beauty and because of the silence that reigns there, broken only by the noise of the crashing waves and the strident cries of the sea birds as they hover near their nests on the cliffs.
The owner of the egg, henceforth protected by the gods, became tangata manu or man-bird 210. Unlike the kings, who were not allowed to cut their hair, he had to shave his head and dye his pate red. Then he had to put on a wig-like crown made of human hair, called a hau oho, and paint his face red and black. He had to hang a bird on his back 211 and, finally, he had to change his name, with his new name designating the year that would follow 212.
Thus, Mrs. Routledge was able to establish a list of 86 years of different birdmen (and the names of the victorious hopu). Immediately after the transfer of power, via the egg, the news was announced by lighting a fire on the summit of Rano Kau on the east or west side, depending on the region of the island from which the victor had come. It is possible, as suggested by S. Routledge, that the next thing that happened was the carving on one of the rocks at Orongo of an image of the birdman who had just been chosen and that this practice explains the more than 111 representations of tangata manu that are found there (as well as many that have been erased; see Addendum). The fact that three of these sculptures represent a tangata manu holding an egg in his hand seems to support this hypothesis.
On the side of the volcanic crater that faces the sea, there is a little village called Orongo, which consists of about fifty dwellings. These dwellings were located among the rocks, many of which were carved. The carvings most often represented a man with the head of a bird and Mrs. Routledge reported 111 such images. It is interesting that she also noticed that some of the carvings were partly hidden by the walls of houses and she suggested that the carvings had been made before the houses had been built.
The most beautiful and the most venerated idol of the ancient islanders, known as Hoa hakanana ia or the "Breaker of Waves", was located in one of these houses. This statue is very finely carved and its back is decorated with beautifully carved motifs (Click here for larger image). These motifs were not only carved but were also accented by red paint the statue's white background. On each side of this statue, at its feet, there was originally a large stone, with a hole similar to those carved in the stones in which house supports were inserted. One of these stones was also decorated with a crude carving. (Extract From Chavin)
The most venerated 'Breaker of Waves'.
In addition to all the sailors from the ship Topaze, 300 natives had been needed to uproot this statue and take it down to the dock at Cook Bay.
The 'bird-men' petroglyphs, which how strong similarities to S. American Olmec rock-art.
A Case for South American Contact:
Some plants on Easter Island clearly come from South America, such as the islanders' staple food the sweet potato (which is known by its Quechua name kumara), and also manioc and gourd. Similarly, two species of freshwater plants, found in Easter Island's crater lakes but nowhere else in the Pacific, and both useful to man, come from South America. One of them was the totora reed, which dominated the banks of South America's Lake Titicaca and was cultivated in vast irrigated fields in the desert valleys on the coast below; it was used for making mats, houses, and boats. The other was known to the islanders as tavari, and was used as a medicinal plant. Like the totora, it grew in Lake Titicaca. This last information supports the case for contact with Tiahuanaco.
Balfour proposed that the stone statues on Easter Island were directly related (in terms of style) to the statuary on the Solomon Islands (above), but other similarities in tribal art have been noticed in certain punumùrù masks from New Caledonia and certain statues on Treasury Island (2).
A photo of the cyclopean platforms 'Ahu' upon which finished figures were placed. The extreme reminiscence with south America masonry in particular the superb multi-facetted work with 'Basalt' rock, and the insertion of perfectly made 'filler' stones (see centre), make a strong case for contact.
(Similar Examples of Masonry Techniques from South America)
This kneeling figure from Easter Island (left) bears a strong resemblance to others found at La Paz, (centre), San Lorenzo (right), and also at Tiahuanaco in Bolivia.
Similar figures can be seen on other Polynesian islands: Raivavia (left) and Hiv Oa (Right).
(Other examples of Prehistoric Cross-Culturality)
(List and Description of Known Rongorongo Texts)
(Easter Island - Indus Valley Scripts: A Comparison)
(The Prehistoric Pacific Islanders)
(More about pre-Columbian America)
1). D. Zink. The Ancient Stones Speak. 1979. Musson Publ.
2). Stephen Chauvet, "The Art of Treasury Island", in Cahiers d'art, nos. 1 and 2, Paris, 1929
3). C. Berlitz. Atlantis. 1984. Guild Publishing.
4). http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/easter1.htm#e2.
5). Ramírez and Huber, Easter Island, pp. 53, 110.
6). Thor Hyerdahl. Early Man and the Ocean. 1978. George Allen and Unwin.
7). http://www.heritagedaily.com/2013/12/archaeologist-suggests-new-evidence-on-collapse-of-easter-island-culture/100502
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text:
Democratization in Middle East Needs Women
ByReem Nasr
In July, Shaima Ghassaniya was found guilty of driving in the Saudi city of Jeddah. The penalty for defying the country's ban on female drivers has been a sentence of 10 lashes. The verdict comes only days after Saudi Arabia's recent moves towards liberalization. A few days ago, King Abdullah decreed that by 2015, Saudi women would be allowed to vote and run in municipal elections for the first time in the country's history. Consistency is key in pushing for women's rights within a wider scope of democratization in the Arab world.
It is too soon to say that democratization has been achieved after revolutions in the Middle East. Change does not happen overnight and will require patience. In the meantime, citizens are now relating to the government in a new way. People in the region have been introduced to the culture of demanding rights from their governments. Women, too, are expressing themselves politically. Democratization will mean the empowerment of women and will initiate them into civil society. The Arab Spring will encourage both men and women in the region to push for their political rights.
To push for real reforms and an open political system, citizens must first understand what democratization actually entails. The essence of democracy is the participation of society as a whole. No parts can be missing. Women in the region are calling out to be a part of the process to reinvent civil society. Professor Valentine Moghadam offers a tri-part argument for what she calls "engendering democracy." She argues that female participation in democracy-building will only strengthen and speed up democracy in the region.
Moghadam's first argument is that women's participation in the institutionalization of democracy is a key element in successful transitions. She cites evidence from other parts of the world to show that women's rights and interests could be better protected when they participate in the building of democracies. In Egypt, women who played an active role in the January 25 revolution are now looking to play a greater role in political life. Women under Mubarak's regime were promised a quota of seats in parliament, but that seems to be the extent of their promised political participation. Egyptian women cannot be underrepresented in government if the ideals of the revolution are to be met. Women's rights activists need to come together to strategize their political emancipation. A future of true democracy will require changes in government policy, education, media representation, and, most importantly, economic independence for women in Egypt and throughout the region.
Moghadam reminds us of the democracy paradox — the assumption that democracy is always better for women. But in some cases, democratic transitions have marginalized women, for example by opening the political stage to fundamentalist or extremist groups. Tunisian feminist movements enjoy a unique status in the Middle East — they used the revolution to reinforce their existing rights that were coded in 1956, and the overthrow of Tunisia's Ben Ali has only made them more alert about protecting their rights and pushing for greater equality.
We need to speed up democratic transitions in the region, and this can be best accomplished by including women in the political processes and decision-making. This means getting women to participate in political parties, parliament, committees, and more. It will bring attention to the demands of the women who make up half of these societies by achieving female participation in national dialogues, elections, and debates. Women must play a role in democratization. If the people could overthrow iron-fisted dictators, then they can institute gender equality as well.


What do you see, a desert?
"Glass Steagall" was the legislation that had enabled America to take its country back out of the hands of the financier empire. It was enacted at the time of America worst depression to stop the looting of the nation and begin its recovery. On this basis America had developed the most powerful economy in the world and the richest nation on the planet. But Glass Steagall was repealed by traitors in high places. As a consequence America collapsed on many fronts. Its industries have been destroyed. Its infrastructures are falling apart. Its social structures are torn down. It has become a hellhole of poverty and a welfare state for the thieves. To recover itself America needs a new renaissance and a new industrial revolution. And for this it needs Glass Steagall restored. Many are fighting for it, but not enough to turn the tide against the traitors in high office who stall the restoration with every dirty trick and threat they can throw against it to block Glass Steagall that would take the wind out of the sails of empire and protect the nation. But the key issue here is not empire, but the small-minded thinking in society.
The project to restore Glass Steagall is failing, apparently for reasons of society's own smallness in thinking that appears to be the blocking factor against Glass Steagall. And this sense of smallness goes deep, all the way, to the point of seeing no hope. Society sees nothing on the horizon to fight for that would give it the moment to fight for its future. Even the leading-edge promoters have nothing to offer beyond the horizon. They say in essence, give us Glass Steagall so that we can get rid of the parasites in order that we can breathe again and recover America from its entrapment. But there, even the leading edge pioneers stop.
They stop with small promises, too small to be meaningful. They promise society, that after Glass Steagall, we will give you 6 million jobs building NAWAPA, directly or indirectly, and with these, as a national effort for some fifty years, we will give you a trickle in improved agriculture down the line. What a future would this promise offer? They ask the nation to devote enormous resources in manpower and materials, with nothing to show for in tangible returns for 50 years. Would one expect people to get excited about that?
This kind of project runs contrary to the principle of economics, doesn't it, as it offers no tangible benefits (other than work) for society for fifty years, and relatively few benefits after that. Who would be inspired by this in a world were more than ten million families have been kicked out of their homes, and countless millions more live in slum conditions that are an insult to the human being, and more than a billion people across the world live in chronic starvation while food is being taken out their mouth by underdevelopment and for burning it in cars in the form of bio-fuels.
If one wants to inspire a breakout from this status of horror, one can't do this with a promise that offers almost nothing in returns for 50 years. At the very least the leading edge leaders would need to offer society what it would have produced if its normal development had not been interrupted in the postwar period, and had been taken down, which the repeal of Glass Steagall.
If America's development had not have been interrupted universal free housing for all in need would have been implemented decades ago. It would have been derived from efficient high-temperature automated production, made of basalt. The high-temperature nuclear power technology that enables efficient production with molten basalt was already up and running, and even tested, back in the 1950s with the development of Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR), also called the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR). With the thermal input of a single 1-gigawatt LFTR (burning one ton of thorium per year, of the 900,000 tons the USA has) an efficient facility can be built that can produce complete housing modules for 15 million homes per year by reshaping basalt without effort in automated production so that the housing can be given away for free as an 'investment' by society into itself.
If this was standing behind Glass Steagall as a promise, the political fighters would offer a whole new renaissance in human living, which would be possible in a very short period, of possibly just a few years. The LFTR is relatively easy to construct, as it doesn't even require a pressure vessel to operate, while it offers 500 degree heat that can be pumped up to 1,200 for melting basalt. The potential for mass-producing houses on this basis has existed for 50 years already. And so, I would say, that this is the minimal that one would expect by the leaders to be tabled as a driver for starting a new renaissance with the restoration of Glass Steagall.
The same capability existed for just as long to divert the outflow of rivers over long distances, flowing in the oceans in woven arteries made of basalt. With this simple principle that is widely applied in natural water movement, the NAWAPA objective could be achieved in five years instead of fifty, with minimal cost and far greater volume. Diverting the outflow of the Columbia River to the coast of southern California, that way, would bring 191 million acre feet per year (2.5 times the NAWAPA projected volume) to the dry southern region. On this platform double the NAWAPA projected increase in food production could be achieved, and in less than a decade, complete with brand new cities and new industries operating in the appropriate areas.
Not only would such a breakout, for which America had the capability already for five decades, create a new renaissance with the utilization of efficient production, materials, and technologies, but the resulting industrial revolution would create such a demand for manpower for the new-technology industries, with a vast ripple effect in creative production that the more efficient materials, processes, and technologies would enable, so that the goal of 6 million new jobs would be far superceded, almost from a standing start.
This kind of promised jumpstart would be of a power that would inspire the needed breakout from the empire trap set up by traitors in high places, and would get Glass Steagall back almost immediately. Compared with such a momentum, the current NAWAPA offers almost nothing. It represents a denial of the power that we have within us. Why would a nation labor for fifty years to build giant dams that are twice as high as the Great Pyramid of Giza, or even three-and-a-half times a high, as in the case of the 1,700 foot high dam across the Coper River, when double the result can be achieved in five years?
NAWAPA isn't an incentive. It is a disincentive. Sure, the task is huge and impressive. It took China 12 years to build the little Three Gorges Dam (600 feet high) in the most perfect climate, ideal terrain, and with easy accesses to the largest industrial engine in the world. The original NAWAPA estimate, ranging up to 50 years in construction time for building the 900 and 1,700 foot-high dams, seem to be quite reasonable, considering that these dams would have to be exponentially more massive, especially when built in one of the world's premier earthquake regions, and for further considering that the entire construction region is frozen up for seven months of the year. The point is, why would anyone, or nation, labor for fifty years, when the same result can be wrought in five years with almost no effort? And who would be inspired by this folly, that's synonymous with planning to travel from Washington to New York via Tokyo? What is proposed with NAWAPA at the present time is a blocking factor rather than a driving impetus. What incentive would anyone find in this to develop the political will and motivational power to break out from the empire regime and reinstate Glass Steagall? The proposed solution doesn't offer a dynamic match for the scope of the challenge, and much less for the deep needs in society. It even falls short in offering a minimal foundation for a new renaissance.
If Glass Steagall is not achieved, or too late (as it is already in many ways), the failure lies in the tragically small perceptions within society itself of its potential future, something that it could see standing behind the call to re-enact Glass Steagall. We are running the danger today, because of the inherent small thinking that pervades the current NAWAPA project as a follow-up behind Glass Steagall, that the great moment before us, which may be the most critical moment in history, has found once again a very small people, so that the tragedy that has gripped the world does not get resolved.


text:
Home » All Networks » H-Announce » Announcements
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Educational Research in the Age of the Anthropocene: Chronology, Context and Contestability
Announcement published by Vicente Reyes on Wednesday, September 7, 2016
Subject Fields:
Anthropology, Educational Technology, Intellectual History, Research and Methodology, Social Sciences
CALL FOR CHAPTER PROPOSALS
Proposal Submission Deadline: December 12, 2016
A book edited by
Dr Vicente Reyes, Dr Jennifer Charteris, Dr Adele Nye and Dr Sofia Mavropoulou
To be published by IGI Global:
Our edited book centers around the under-theorised area of the age of the anthropocene: considered as a critical epoch where social sciences and humanities converge in global environmental change research. On the one hand, we would like to explore the magnitude of continuities and changes in relation to specific paradigms of educational research under the age of the anthropocene. And on the other, we also would like to investigate the impact of educational research paradigms — undoubtedly an anthropocentric activity — on our planet broadly defined in the age of the anthropocene as the dynamic interaction of human society and environment.
The Age of the Anthropocene and Wicked Problems
The Age of the Anthropocene has brought about "one of the greatest research and policy challenges over to confront humanity."[1] We make a claim that with the age of the Anthropocene, society has experienced a proliferation of what Rittel and Webber[2] and later on Head[3] describe as wicked problems: issues that are complex, uncertain and characterized by a divergence of values. Furthermore, we contend that the present mode of educational research may be inadequate in addressing wicked problems in the age of the Anthropocene. Educational quantitative researchers have a propensity to ignore unexplained variance. Qualitative researchers place almost blind faith in trustworthiness, specifically the concepts of transferability and neutrality. Mixed methods exponents generalise that a multiplicity of approaches guarantees greater validity. In light of wicked problems in the age of the Anthropocene, we argue that these paradigmatic stances in educational research need to be problematized.
The subject area of "educational paradigms" is a complex topic. Academics, practitioners and scholars of education are hard-pressed to find definitive and universally accepted definitions of educational paradigms. Our edited book attempts to engage with debates surrounding attempts to appreciate, understand and interrogate the notion of "educational paradigms." In covering and critiquing educational paradigms, the contributors of this edited book were guided by the following key questions:
In the age of the anthropocene, what theory/ies have influenced specific educational research paradigms? Where does it come from and how has it changed and evolved over time?
How we can think with this theory and put it to use? (What work can this theory do?)
Is it possible to share a range of examples of how it has been used?
What are its limitations?
What critiques are there of it? (Epistemological)
The edited book does not attempt to arrive at definitive descriptions of "educational research paradigms" in the anthropocene age. What the edited book aspires to achieve is a collection of empirically-grounded, philosophical reflections and carefully considered critiques of "educational research paradigms" that hopefully would be the starting point for critical conversations about such an important theme.
Objective of the Book
This edited volume will engage with the broad topic of educational research paradigms in the 21st century context described as the age of the anthropocene. In order to comprehensively tackle such a complex issue, our edited volume will be divided into three interrelated sections: chronology, context and contestability. The first section deals with the historical trends of theories that have an impact on educational research paradigms and how these have endured/changed in the 21st century age of the anthropocene. The permanence as well as the transitory nature of these theories will be explored. The second section carefully looks into the context in which educational paradigms have been employed. A particular focus of this section (and of the entire book) is to provide a balanced and nuanced viewpoint. The context of educational paradigms long dominated by metropole perspectives will be counterbalanced with a regional and rural viewpoint. The final section investigates the contestability of these educational paradigms. This final section outlines the areas of conflict and consensus that have typified the evolution of educational paradigms.
Policy makers, academics, practitioners, advanced-level students, government officials and scholars of education in general and of educational research in particular will find this edited volume useful. It will provide a historical view of educational paradigms, a substantive content discussion of contemporary paradigms that influence education and a critique of each of these from the lens of educational research.
Recommended topics include, but are not limited to the following:
Contributors are welcome to submit chapters on the following topics relating to educational research paradigms viewed with a critical lens within the age of the anthropocene :
- Positivism in the digital age
- Indigenous methodologies
- Art-Based Theory
- Narratives
- Emergent Methodologies
- Comparative Perspectives
- Southern Theory
- Philosophy in the anthropocene era
- Theory of Change
- Humanistic Sociology
- Critical Theory
- Revolutionary Transformation
- Poststructuralism
- Queer theory
- Posthumanism
Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit on or before October 01, 2016, a 500 word chapter proposal clearly explaining the mission and concerns of his or her proposed chapter. Authors of accepted proposals will be notified by October 17, 2016 about the status of their proposals and sent chapter guidelines. Full chapters (maximum of 10,000 words) are expected to be submitted by December 12, 2016. All submitted chapters will be reviewed on a double-blind review basis. Contributors may also be requested to serve as reviewers for this project.
This book is scheduled to be published by IGI Global (formerly Idea Group Inc.), publisher of the "Information Science Reference" (formerly Idea Group Reference), "Medical Information Science Reference," "Business Science Reference," and "Engineering Science Reference" imprints. For additional information regarding the publisher, please visit www.igi-global.com. This book is anticipated to be released in 2011.
October 01, 2016: Proposal Submission Deadline
October 17, 2016: Notification of Acceptance
December 12, 2016: Full Chapter Submission
March 30, 2017 Review Results Returned
May 12, 2017: Deadline Submission of Chapters
[1] Steffen, W., Crutzen, P., & McNeill, J. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature? Ambio, 36(8), 614-621., p. 618
[2] Rittel, H., & Webber, M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155-169.
[3] Head, B. (2008). Wicked Problems in Public Policy. Public Policy, 3(2), 101-118.
Dr Vicente Reyes, Dr Jennifer Charteris, Dr Adele Nye & Dr Sofia Mavropoulou
School of Education, University of New England (Australia)
eduresearch.anthropocene@gmail.com
http://www.igi-global.com/publish/call-for-papers/call-details/2311
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: BRS Secretariat joins forces with Geneva Environment Network and the governments of France, Gabon & Norway to further explore options for tackling marine litter.
As part of the UN's Greening the Blue initiative, the BRS Secretariat is actively reducing its environmental footprint for all operations, including meetings such as the Triple COPs.
Strengthened cooperation between BRS and the Barcelona Convention to enhance the Mediterranean Action Plan and regional efforts to tackle marine plastic litter.
UN Special magazine interview with Rolph Payet, Executive Secretary of the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm (BRS) Conventions.
The latest BRS Newsletter, now online, has news of actions for a clean planet and healthy people.


text:
MPAA Ratings: 'Death at a Funeral,' 'Animal Kingdom,' 'Last Night'
April 7, 2010 11:17 PDT - By Ray Subers - Box Office News
The Motion Picture Association of America's Classification and Rating Administration released their weekly bulletin, which featured new ratings for Death at a Funeral, Animal Kingdom and Last Night.
Death at a Funeral received an R rating for "language, drug content, and some sexual humor." A remake of the 2007 British comedy of the same name, Death at a Funeral stars Chris Rock, Martin Lawrence and Tracy Morgan, among many others, and is set to debut against comic book adaptation Kick Ass next Friday.
Australian crime drama Animal Kingdom was rated R for "violence, drug content, and pervasive language." Starring Guy Pearce and Joel Edgerton, the movie debuted in January at Sundance, where it won the World Cinema Dramatic Grand Jury Prize. Sony Pictures Classics recently acquired distribution rights, though it has yet to officially set a release date.
Last Night, starring Keira Knightley, Sam Worthington and Eva Mendes, received an R rating for "some language." Originally scheduled for March 19, 2010, Last Night has been postponed indefinitely, which is likely a product of the shake-up that has been taking place with its distributor, Miramax Films, over the past few months. It's hard to imagine it won't get a release, though, considering it features Worthington, who is coming off Avatar and Clash of the Titans.
• MPAA Ratings: 'Splice,' 'Your Highness,' 'Secretariat'
• New MPAA Ratings Chart


At Castle Rock we take to heart the importance of serving our fellow man as outlined in the Bible. If you would like to participate in a service project contact us through the link below!
Which project(s) would you be most interested in?
The Help and Hope Center assists struggling individuals and families with all the basic necessities of life through their food bank, thrift store and counseling services. We help them in their donation intake room as well as any other miscellaneous tasks, that they need us to perform there.
The Ronald McDonald House (RMDH) in Aurora, Colorado provides a home away from home for families who have children being treated at Children's Hospital. After we prepare and serve dinner to the families, we spend time visiting with them and offering them encouragement.
Public servants put their lives, families and personal interests on the line in order to make our community safe, secure and successful. Often these servants are overlooked and we are going to take this opportunity to show our appreciation for what they do. We assemble care packages and take them to a variety of public servants in the Castle Rock area, including our police, fire department and various nursing home staff.
In our society we are quick to disregard those that are aging. The Bible tells us to honor our father and mother and to care for the elderly and windows. We visit a local nursing home, singing to the residents there as well as playing games and encouraging them.


Hola chicas, Espero sony ericsson encuentren muy bien, les platico desde antes del embarazo ya me haban detectado polipos en la vescula, Hace un par de das sufr un dolor horrible despus de cenar y al otro da me qued con un dolor de espalda y de vescula dangerous, Hoy me hicieron un ultrasonido para extremel cmo estaba el bb y afortunadamente est bien, Pero hey tengo la vescula inflamada de 9 cm y llena de lodo biliar, Alguien en esta situacin? Le al respecto y dicen que es algo the normal (en algunas ocasiones) cual durante el embarazo se sufra de la vescula o se agrave el problema si ya existe, Tengo mucho miedo por que me chop la doctora que si no se desinflama corro el riesgo de que me operen an estando embarazada, cuando alguien se encuentra new england patriots first super bowl loss riot act meaning in tamil en esta cuandotuacin me podra platicar sobre new england patriots score today final round boxing sign ups el tema? Me mandaron a dieta rigurosa y un medicamento que se llama panclasa, Ojal everybody puedan compartir informacin, Lindos das siempre!
Despite these great wins, a simple sour taste in my mouth for every time I look upon our Great House I see new england patriots game schedule 2018-2019 flu map 2020 california the flag of the Leprechauns, A stark admonition,! of our defeat at the Battle of South Bend. Commander Harbaugh told us that we would sing the new england patriots offensive strategy in gymnastics what is the vault songs of wins, but you are singing their Irish victory songs new england patriots box breakfasts in South Bend. I haven heard them this loud since their Patron Saint Rudy was carried making use of their field under the watching eyes of Touchdown Jesus.
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ISH recognizes the value of building and maintaining a strong community. Our residents, board and staff are committed to contributing to positive change on a local, national and international level. Therefore, it is with the spirit of our mission that ISH encourages our resident scholars to participate in outreach and volunteer activities such as assisting local social service agencies and other community organizations.
On the evening of March 21, a group of resident scholars from International Student House (ISH) of Washington, DC participated in "Young Professional Sleep Out" in support of Covenant House, a local DC charity that assists homeless youth. Nine residents from ISH formed a volunteer team to "sleep out so others don't have to". Covenant House is a non-profit organization that provides nourishing meals, bathing facilities, clean clothes, medical attention, and a safe place away from the dangers of the street to homeless youth ages 18-24.
The evening began when the ISH residents joined other young professionals from throughout the DC metropolitan area outside of the shelter. After being provided with two sleeping bags each, they settled in for a long, cold night on the sidewalk. During the hours that followed, the volunteers shared dinner, exchanged stories, watched a talent show put on by the Covenant House youth, and ventured out on a bus ride through the neighborhoods where some of the youth were raised. Most of the volunteers were up until the very early hours of the morning, unable to sleep well due to the noise from traffic and the metro, and just trying to stay warm.
Many of ISH's residents come from countries where the concept of volunteerism is non-existent. ISH hopes to instill a spirit of social responsibility and to motivate our residents to improve the quality of life for disadvantaged individuals.


text:
package org.laladev.moneyjinn.hbci.core.collector;

import org.kapott.hbci.GV.HBCIJob;
import org.kapott.hbci.GV_Result.GVRSaldoReq;
import org.kapott.hbci.GV_Result.GVRSaldoReq.Info;
import org.kapott.hbci.manager.HBCIHandler;
import org.kapott.hbci.status.HBCIExecStatus;
import org.kapott.hbci.structures.Konto;
import org.laladev.moneyjinn.hbci.core.entity.BalanceDaily;
import org.laladev.moneyjinn.hbci.core.entity.mapper.BalanceDailyMapper;

public class BalanceDailyCollector {
	public BalanceDaily collect(final HBCIHandler hbciHandler, final Konto account) {
		final BalanceDailyMapper balanceDailyMapper = new BalanceDailyMapper();
		BalanceDaily balanceDaily = null;
		final HBCIJob hbciJob = hbciHandler.newJob("SaldoReq");
		hbciJob.setParam("my", account);
		hbciJob.addToQueue();

		final HBCIExecStatus ret = hbciHandler.execute();
		final GVRSaldoReq saldoResult = (GVRSaldoReq) hbciJob.getJobResult();

		if (saldoResult.isOK()) {

			final Info balanceInfo = saldoResult.getEntries()[0];
			if (balanceInfo.ready != null && balanceInfo.ready.value != null) {
				final BalanceDaily balanceDailyTmp = balanceDailyMapper.map(balanceInfo.ready, balanceInfo.kredit,
						account);
				if (balanceDailyTmp != null && ((balanceDailyTmp.getMyIban() != null
						&& balanceDailyTmp.getMyBic() != null)
						|| (balanceDailyTmp.getMyAccountnumber() != null && balanceDailyTmp.getMyBankcode() != null))) {
					balanceDaily = balanceDailyTmp;
				}
			}

		} else {
			System.out.println("Job-Error");
			System.out.println(saldoResult.getJobStatus().getErrorString());
			System.out.println("Global Error");
			System.out.println(ret.getErrorString());
		}
		return balanceDaily;
	}

}


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Effective Wildlife Solutions – Wanting to Get Rid of Deer?
Both of the latter options are available in liquid and granular formulations at Iowa City Landscaping.
For information about Lyme disease, please visit our page specifically dedicated to this topic.


I'm lucky enough to head up the fundraising team in Barretstown, and have been doing so for the past 7 years. Unusually it is my second time working with Barretstown; I was the corporate fundraising manager between 2003 and 2007.
Like pretty much every fundraiser I have ever met, I fell into fundraising. A very good friend of mine got a job working in the US for a fundraising consultancy firm, CCS. They mostly worked on major gift capital campaigns and had a number of projects in Ireland and were looking for staff. He mentioned it to me and I threw my hat in the ring which was the start of my fundraising career. Three hectic but incredibly interesting and entertaining years followed working for clients as diverse as the Archdiocese of Armagh and the Northern Ireland Scout Council.
Every day is different, and you have the opportunity to get involved with so many different activities when trying to raise funds. And on the bad days, and they are there, it is some comfort to remind yourself that you aren't just creating profit for shareholders.
Constantly juggling with limited resources.
I love swimming, especially open water swimming which I compete in (badly, but points for trying).
Flexibility, tolerance, sense of humour and ability to operate in a fast paced environment.
Go for it, it's a great career that was unheard of a generation ago – people still say 'well done' when I say I work for a charity which makes me smile.
Problems are always at their worst when you first hear about them.
Genuinely hard to choose – the older I get the more my perspective changes and I get more from the small wins.
I'm pretty happy where I am – we have some really exciting plans for Barretstown over the next number of years, kicking off with our 25th anniversary next year.
The next obvious career step is as a CEO of an organisation, although I have always harboured an interest in one day going into consultancy so we will see….


I really dislike the term "bombproof" to describe outdoor gear. But after seeing this, I'm wondering if "glacier proof" will become the new marketing hype term.
The short story is that a man fell into a crevasse a dozen years ago on the Athabasca Glacier in Alberta. He was with only one friend, who went to get help. The people who came pulled the man out, but his pack stayed behind, and they weren't about to risk their lives to salvage it. Fast forward a dozen years, and the man goes back to the area and finds his pack. It had been pushed down about 500 meters, emerging from the ice on a moraine.
Pretty astonishing to see what 12 years of being mangled by a relentless glacier does to the contents of a pack.
I can't believe the guy found his pack in that environment after 12 years, and I'm not surprised at the condition of the items!