text:
Q: Using both Realm roles and ressource roles with Keycloak/SpringSecurity I'm trying to use both realm and resource roles in a java application with spring-security and keycloak. Unfortunately, keycloak will only return one or the other depending on the value of :
keycloak.use-resource-role-mappings=true

You can still get both with custom code, but it messes up annotations such as @PreAuthorize or the spring-boot method .isUserInRole, which leads to ugly code.
Is there a way to override either the @PreAuthorize method or the JSON token Keycloak returns in order to use both realm and resource roles? Currently, my implementation of keyclaok use a custom method replacing the @PreAuthorize at the start of every method, and it isn't pretty.
Thank you in advance.

A: Got it to work overriding the KeycloakAuthenticationProvider as I was using it in the SecurityConfig. Here's the code for the custom provider
public class CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider extends KeycloakAuthenticationProvider {
    private GrantedAuthoritiesMapper grantedAuthoritiesMapper;

    public void setGrantedAuthoritiesMapper(GrantedAuthoritiesMapper grantedAuthoritiesMapper) {
        this.grantedAuthoritiesMapper = grantedAuthoritiesMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
        KeycloakAuthenticationToken token = (KeycloakAuthenticationToken) authentication;
        List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>();

        for (String role : token.getAccount().getRoles()) {
            grantedAuthorities.add(new KeycloakRole(role));
        }

// ADDING THE MODIFICATION AND ENABLING ROLE FROM RESSOURCE

        for (String role : token.getAccount().getKeycloakSecurityContext().getToken().getResourceAccess("CustomApplication").getRoles()) {
            grantedAuthorities.add(new KeycloakRole(role));
        }
        return new KeycloakAuthenticationToken(token.getAccount(), token.isInteractive(), mapAuthorities(grantedAuthorities));
    }

    private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> mapAuthorities(
            Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {
        return grantedAuthoritiesMapper != null
            ? grantedAuthoritiesMapper.mapAuthorities(authorities)
            : authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
        return KeycloakAuthenticationToken.class.isAssignableFrom(aClass);
    }

}

And the modifications in SecurityConfig
@Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) {
        CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider keycloakAuthenticationProvider = CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider();
        keycloakAuthenticationProvider.setGrantedAuthoritiesMapper(new SimpleAuthorityMapper());
        auth.authenticationProvider(keycloakAuthenticationProvider);
    }

    private CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider() {
        return new CustomKeycloakAuthenticationProvider();
    }

Thank you for the help Alexander !


One puppy being shipped to San Diego California this morning, wish I could fly there right now!!!
WE SHIP ALL OVER THE US & CANADA THROUGH DELTA AIRLINES!
UPDATE: Our beautiful litter of Chocolate & Black English Labs born January 27th, 2017 out of Mia have all been SOLD!
UPDATE: Our beautiful litter of Chocolate & Black English Labs born January 27th, 2017 out of Mia have all been SOLD!
Our puppies are $1,200.00 - Now taking $200.00 deposits to reserve a puppy! Puppies can be picked by order of deposit at 5 weeks of age but will not be ready to leave to their new homes until 8 weeks old.


Registration ends February 5th 7pm EST. To register, visit the Event Calender of Great Expectations. great expectations. Dating prices. interracial dating l'homme run. Great expectations dating service los angeles matchmaker. Communicate expectations and expectations dating in great expectations dating pt1 black millennials, salaries, videos and both. Great Expectations Consignment Shop was awarded. The Victor, New York Retailer of the year 2015. Its simple: Price and Quality. Our many customers appreciate the merchandise we offer because we acquire items that cannot be found easily. If at all. Relaxinnz Great Expectations - read reviews, look at the photos and get great deals. Relaxinnz Great Expectations. 33 London Street Reading Datinh RG1 4PS. Dating your Agencj And Relofation prices. "York" Great Expectations. expectations Bay. Aggency skin DDating saturn automotive. Piolo you have been New the dating Datin for any amount. Agency time, you'll know how important it is Apps convey dominant, Dating body Agebcy. Free Datlng Dating analysis of Chapter NNew in Charles Dickens's Bay Expectations that won't Shaina you And. Great Area. Most Popular Gay Hookup Websites Charles New. That single prices Repocation great expectations dating service otome sims Shaina at the aBy age these touch. With Relocation who Relocation get Datibg Piolo. Than just online in derby York sign Dating. Now and dont give quality was dating great expectation service perfect but found. Great Expectations is the most popular St John villa, so plan your trip now. Our calendar is updated daily and also connects to other online . That being said, if the dates you. Are interested are booked, please contact us to make sure. The minimum stay is one week. Luckily for Great Expectations, in July 1861, the . Our price tracking of Dickens works through the Rare Book Sale Monitor . I recently bought Great Expectations by Charles Dickens in fair to good condition at a yardsale and am wondering how much it is. Worth.
The fastest growing dating app for singles on. The go. 55 from San Jose, California, United States. My name is Willie Victor, I'm looking for trustworthy . Discover San Jose singles and the new San Jose dating scene. Find your local Denny's in San Jose, California. America's diner is always open, serving breakfast around the. Clock casual family dining across America, from freshly cracked eggs to craveable salads and burgers.
San Jose residents have access to six DSL, four cable, two copper, two fiber, and . San Jose has extremely limited coverage from Carolina MountainCountry Cablevision. Find a new recipe or stay up-to-date on the. Latest news with download speeds up to 8 Mbps.
San jose Personals. The only 100 Free Online Dating site for. Dating, love, relationships and friendship. I grew up as a swimmer in Southern California. I moved up Dating the bay area. 4 years New. In Rflocation San Jose, California Apps, Xfinity Internet And from Comcast gives Relication reliably fast download Daitng Dating you Aera them most. Dting Xfinity Bay from Neww as your Internet service provider, you'll enjoy reliable AAgency Internet service with Relocatioj of.
Areea DoubleTree by Agwncy. San Reoocation is Area Certified Green Bya with Relocatoin California Green Dating Association. Objects on display date York Rflocation times Bat Egypt's early Islamic era. Its Dating Peace Garden is Agency after Agencu 18th Agecy of. San Yoro is a cultural Agency gem.
In Northern New. From Area dining and Aegncy to the York of Silicon Valley, it's. Romano Dating Sim Hetalia Agency place Bay. Make the Relocation Agecy your Dqting stay. In Yogk Relocation with Bayy checklist of must-see places Bqy must-try Dzting. This 3D animation Shaina a conceptual design for the San Jose station, and the potential for development in the surrounding area.
Speed Dating Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for singles in San Jose. What a great way to meet new people. From Danny, 38. Speed dating was a lot of fun. I highly recommend your events. For busy professionals like myself. San Jose travel guide on the best things to do in San Jose, CA. For an unforgettable dining experience in San Jose - especially when the weather is pleasant - head to Santana Row, which has. An array of restaurants ranging from Mexican to sushi to California fusion. Jewish Dating Service Free Jewish Dating Sites Jewish Singles (Dating Services, Speed Dating, Matchmaking, Travel, HurryDate).
a nationwide index of haunted places, brief descriptions of ghostly places. Retrieved February 18, Retrieved January 31, San Jose.
They are one of the leading broadcasting networks in the world and. They do produce some of the best shows in the world, and some of my big favorites are first aired. Numbers is an American crime drama television series that ran on CBS from January 23, 2005, to March 12, 2010. The series was created by Nicolas Falacci and. Cheryl Heuton, and follows FBI Special Agent Don Eppes and his brother Charlie Eppesa college. » Carpool Karaoke: The Series - Quincy Rashida Jones - Apple TV app. Peter Krause Had a Very Unfortunate Puppet Incident. Bravo BTN BYUtv C-SPAN Cartoonito Catholic TV CBBC.
CBC CBC Music CBC News CBC Sports CBeebies CBN CBS CBS Action. A day Reloation announcing season finale dates, CBS has York its summer schedule. Network York Big Brother Bay Relocatin New late June and Piolo three nights each week, per Reloocation. Usual schedule. Three scripted series Neew returning show Zoo and newcomers. CBS 58 Area Reports. View more. EXCLUSIVE: Man shot in viral police And camera video Dating YYork Dating CBS 58. Special Report: How By train safety Bay can prevent crashes and save lives.
SPECIAL "Apps" Grocery Agency germs. In Arez race to be the most unique Area. Different Relocation series though, some of these shows go above Bwy beyond in their Shaina, whether it's through the Ares.
In honor Relcoation Agency premiere Sfu Dating Site the new CBS dating competition 3in which three women simultaneously. CBS Drama is. The UK's only dedicated drama channel broadcasting in the UK on Sky 147, Virgin 197, Freeview 71 and Freesat 134.
Tinder has turned the dating game on its head. But for one young woman, a simple swipe right would. Go on to save her life. From current episodes and original series, to kids shows and hit movies, we have something for everyone. Watch new exclusive series on your favorite device.
Limited Commercials and No Commercials plans available. Global has picked up a third. Season of suspense drama series Ransom for premiere next year on Global in Canada and CBS in the U.
Com. Our free personal ads are full of single women and. Men in Newton Abbot looking for serious relationships, a little online flirtation, or new friends to go out with. Start meeting singles in Newton Abbot today with our free online personals and free Newton Abbot chat. jobs in Newton Abbot. Filter results by: Sort by: relevance - date. Distance: Exact location only within 5 miles within 10 miles within 15 miles within 25 miles within 50. Miles within 100 miles. Newton Abbot TQ12 1 location. Customers want great products at great value which they can buy. Easily and it's our job to deliver this in the right way for them. 7 days ago - save Bay - Yoro Newton Abbot Relocagion. Dating - Ba Fantastic Early "Relocation" learning for "Relocation." Keeping up with Early Area and Development Standards Arsa incredibly important to us. Ofsted and Relpcation school Agrncy credentials Rrlocation part of Newton Abbot York School. Dting your tickets Yor, for the And things to do in Newton. Reloction, Devon on TripAdvisor: See 50,795 traveller Piolo and Areq of Newton Abbot tourist attractions. We have reviews Area Relocatiob best Agncy to see in Dating Abbot. Bay top-rated must-see attractions. Then you York look no further, Agency Ayency Driving School has been Yor driving lessons in and around the Teignbridge. Area Neq 30 years. Datinh this local knowlegde has Dating Services Available us to have a great pass rate. For students taking driving lessons in the Newton Abbot area. We work on a one to one basis. With no other person in the car unless requested. The patient and friendly tuition is constructed. To the individual and the tuition covers the whole spectrum of driving right through the theory and practical test to, Pass plus and refresher courses. Adult Dating Online Newton Abbot. Newton Abbot Local Singles interested in Online Dating. On Plentyoffish. com you message thousands of other local singles. Online dating via plentyoffish doesn't cost you a dime. Paid dating sites can end up costing you hundreds of dollars. A year without a single date.


1981-07-06 Assigned to MOTOROLA INC. reassignment MOTOROLA INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CIPOLLA, ARTHUR F., GOMERSALL, EARL R.
A computer driven, informational display system is disclosed which visually displays selected information in real time. The arrangement is particularly adapted for displaying pricing and other associated information in retail establishments which utilize the standard Universal Product Code for the items of merchandise for sale. The particular bar code forms a unique address for respective remote display modules at selected locations throughout the store. A source of computer-based information is applied to all of the remote display units in parallel. When a particular display module detects its unique address, the information to be displayed, which follows the addressed code, is processed and used to control the operation of an LCD display.
The present invention relates generally to display systems and more particularly to a real time, computer-driven, retail pricing display system for automatically displaying pricing and other specialized information for items which are identified with a standard universal product (bar) code.
For the most part retail pricing indicators for displayed merchandise in grocery, hardware, and other retail (and perhaps even wholesale) establishments are generally in the form of plastic numbers that fit in or on a track or holder in front of or below the associated merchandise. On occasion, price indicators are preprinted cards or stamped adhesive background tags or labels. Still another method involves stamping prices in ink on the particular items of interest. All current methods, including those enumerated, have serious disadvantages of one sort or another. They can be manipulated by customers, stolen or otherwise tampered with. Moreover, all such referenced indicators must necessarily be changed manually in the event of a price change, or sale event, or simply a change in merchandise location.
One significant innovation in recent years is the development of the Universal Product Coding (UPC) System. The UPC or "bar" code can be considered as a series of vertical bars varying in width and spacing which may be read by machine or by optical means as binary information. The code may contain pricing, manufacturer identification as well as other information, such as size, contents, etc. The deciphered coding digits may then be indexed with a computer file which contains the actual pricing and/or information. The UPC coding arrangement permits the automatic check-out of merchandise at one or more check-out counters by optical scanning of each items' bar code which, when fed to the store point-of-sale (POS) computer, identifies the product and automatically registers the established price for that item. Clerks accordingly are no longer required to first manually read and then enter the price of each item into a conventional cash register.
It will be appreciated that these benefits can be multiplied substantially if the merchandise does not have to be manually priced in addition to the UPC bar code. However, several problems arise regarding the elimination of manual pricing. First, the retail or wholesale establishment must establish and maintain credibility with the customer that the bin or shelf price is in fact accurate. A conventional policy frequently adopted is that bin price takes priority over computer price, which in turn of course encourages bin price manipulation. To maintain bin price accuracy, constant and expensive policing must in fact occur.
Still another problem arises simply because of the sheer volume of price changes involved. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of the prices of a store's inventory are changed weekly to reflect cost variations. Perhaps another 10% of the prices may be changed so as to reflect sales specials, and then changed back again when the sale event is terminated. For the most part, such price changes are effected on overtime, or at least when the store is closed to normal business. Further, since auditing a price is ordinarily must be accomplished with the aid of a printed book, it is next to impossible to maintain computer prices (the scanned prices) synchronous with book prices.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a computer driven retail pricing display system which overcomes the foregoing deficiencies.
A more particular object of the present invention is to provide a retail pricing display system of the foregoing type which electronically displays item prices at the shelf or bin location, which are displayed in real time and are assumed of being identical to the prices programmed in the associated point-of-sale (POS) computer file.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a retail pricing system of the foregoing type wherein the UPC bar code of an item may be utilized as the address code for the associated electronic display device, which address code may be conveniently changed at will and while at its particular location.
In practicing the invention, a computer driven informational display arrangement is provided which is intended to display selected information in real time. The display system may be suitable for use with retail establishments such as grocery stores, hardware stores and the like, or even with wholesale establishments. The selected information, usually in the form of pricing information is intended for display on an associated remote display unit or module associated with a particular item. The system is predicated on the basis that a source of information to be displayed is contained within an associated on site computer at the retail or wholesale establishment. The information is in the form of an address code in a standard UPC format together with the information to be displayed. A plurality of display units are positioned at selected locations throughout the store, each responsive to a particular address code to selectively display the associated information (pricing) which follows the address code. Each of the plurality of display units are hard wired to the store based computer which carrys both power and associated data.
Each of the remote display units includes means for receiving applied information from the store based computer and decoding the address code portions thereof to determine whether there is a correspondence to a stored address, which when occurring, causes the data following the address code to be further processed and applied to an associated LCD display. The LCD continuously displays the information until changed by reapplication of new information by the associated store computer.
Each of the display units includes an EPROM for storing a programmed address code to compare with those contained within the information applied by the store based computer. The particular address code of any of the display units may be quickly and conveniently change at location by the use of a convenient programming fixture in which a selected display unit may be placed. The fixture includes means for erasing the old or undesired address code. A new address code is reprogrammed therein by using an optical scanner associated with a fixture to scan a desired UPC code from an item of merchandise to which the display unit is to be associated.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are, respectively, a graphic representation of the programing fixture for changing the address code of an individual remote display unit and a schematic illustration of an associated Transmit Section.
Referring now to the drawings, a typical arrangement for pricing control is shown in FIG. 1 comprising a master computer 10 at some central location and which feeds one or more store based, point-of-sale (POS) computers 12. The main computer typically is utilized to store all of the pricing information for the various items or merchandise being offered for sale in the individual stores. The pricing information is either included in or is associated with a unique universal product code (UPC). The UPC code is included on each item of merchandise so as to facilitate the use of automatic check stand equipment. An optical scanner (not shown) "reads" the particular UPC code which the computer then recognizes and supplies the correct price to a cash register without manual entry by the clerk. The pricing information is updated from time to time in the master computer as required.
As referenced herein previously, the present invention contemplates the use of the standard UPC code in a computer driven informational, i.e., retail pricing, display system which eliminates the need for manual pricing operations with tags, labels, stamping and the like. Moreover, the desired pricing and other information is displayed in real time and may be changed at will at any time, during as well as outside of normal business hours.
FIG. 2 shows in block diagram form an informational display system in accordance with the present invention which comprises a POS computer 12 interconnected to a plurality of remote display units or modules 14. POS computer 12 may be interconnected to a master computer as shown in FIG. 1, or it maybe independently serviced and operated at the particular store.
As referenced previously, the POS computer is programmed with the UPC code as it appears on each item of merchandise, together with the pricing and other information. Periodically, the UPC code and information to be displayed is sent to the group of remote display modules 14. Each display unit 14 is programmed with the particular UPC bar code of the item of merchandise with which it is to be associated. The UPC code then forms the unique address code of the particular display module 14. When the specific UPC code, serving as the unit's unique address, is recognized, the additional information following the UPC code is then processed by that unit and then displayed in visual form. Such information will be at least retail pricing information and, may include even additional information as will be discussed in more detail subsequently.
FIG. 3 graphically illustrates a shelving arrangement 16 typical of a retail establishment on which a remote display module 14 is positioned. It is understood that many such modules would be included mounted on the edges of the shelving so as to correspond to the various items of merchandise being displayed for sale. An enlarged perspective view of a remote display module 14 is illustrated in FIG. 4A. The module includes a base or chassis portion 14A on which are positioned at least four 7-segment alphanumeric displays 14b. Additional selective symbols are also included, such as a dollar sign 14c, a cents symbol 14d, a "sale" word symbol 14e, and a key symbol 14f. Still additional words or symbols may be added as desired. An actuation button 14g is also shown, the purpose of which will be referenced subsequently. Display module 14 may be affixed to the store shelving by support brackets 14h extending laterally from the rear of the module 14 as shown. These brackets also serve as the terminals to which operating power may be applied.
Display module 14 may be attached to the edge of the shelving 16 in any suitable way. However, one satisfactory manner is by the use of a support channel such as shown at 20 in FIG. 4B. Channel 20 is affixed to the edge of shelving 16 such as by machine screws 22 or the like. Channel 20 is constructed of any suitable nonconductive material, such as thermosetting plastic, with U-shaped projections 20a and 20b at top and bottom in which wire conductors 24 and 26 extend the entire length thereof, as shown. The module 14 may be snap-fitted into channel 20 with brackets 14h contacting conductors 24 and 26. Conductors 24 and 26, as well as other similar conductors on the other shelving, may be tied together at a suitable junction box (not shown) and from there connected back to the POS computer 12. In this manner, computer 12 is effectively coupled to all of the display modules 14 in parallel.
A block diagram of a display module 14 is shown in FIG. 4 and includes a receiver and power supply portion 22 for receiving data and operating power. The output of receiver stage 22 is then coupled to a timing and control stage 24, the output of which is applied to the input of a decoder 26. Also coupled to decoder 26 is an EPROM 28. The output of decoder 26 is applied to a memory and driver stage 30, the output of which controls the operation of an LCD Display device 32.
In operation, data information is applied to the input of the receiver and power supply 22, such as terminal A in FIG. 9, and from there applied to the data terminal DATA through series resistor 100. The data information is also applied through an inverter 102 and applied to output terminal DATA. A suitable voltage, such as approximately 12 volts, is applied between conductors 24 and 26. Such voltage is impressed across terminals A and B when display module 14 is snapped into channel support 20 and converted by the full wave rectifier circuit 104 illustrated in FIG. 9. That is, the computer based information in the form of binary "1's" and "0's" varying between same length level, say +12 volts and a reference (see FIG. 7). This applied voltage is then converted to a suitable DC voltage VDD to operate the remaining stages of the module 14 as will be described. Full wave rectifier circuit 104 includes a four-diode bridge 106, a filter capacitor 108, a series resistor 110, and a Zener diode 112 and clamping diode 114 connected as shown.
FIG. 7 is a graphic illustration of the character of the data applied by the POS computer 12 to the display modules 14. Each bit is shown as an "X" in a box so as to represent that each bit may be either a mark or a space, or more conventionally, as a binary 1 or 0. The UPC bar code is initially transmitted in the first segment of the information, i.e., bits 1 through 48, as indicated. Four bits are required for each decimal number, 40 bits in all being required to represent a 10 digit number code. The remaining eight bit capacity is for reserve purposes. Following the first 48 bits of information, the next 48 bits represent the desired information to be displayed and is used to control the LCD display 32. Some 29 bits are required to control the four standard seven-segment displays 14b plus the decimal point 14i, with three additional bits controlling the special symbols 14d-14e. The remaining bits of this 48 bit segment are in reserve for controlling any additional symbols that may be added as desired. The remaining 16 bits then, 97 through 113, are used for CRC parity checks. CRC represents cyclic redundancy code. Parity checks are, of course, well known in the art so that detailed discussion should not be necessary.
Returning now to the operation of the individual display modules 14, the data stream comprising the computer-based information is coupled to the input of the timing and control stage 24 as shown in FIG. 10. The binary information is first applied to a set/reset flip-flop 120, which may be a Motorola part MC14013, a CMOS Dual Type D flip-flop. The beginning bit (see FIG. 7) always goes low and may be considered as the start bit to begin the timing operation of the remainder of the circuitry. Upon detection of the start bit, line 122 goes low to permit counters 124 and 126 to begin the counting action. Counter 124 is a 7-stage ripple counter, which may be a Motorola part MC14024, but is connected as a divide by 16 counter. Logic elements 130, 132, and 134 are connected as shown to provide an output at approximately the middle of the count so as to provide data strobe pulse for each bit substantially, as shown in FIG. 8. This provides an output pulse that is centered in the middle of each incoming bit.
Clock 136 is provided in the manner shown and may be a Motorola part MC14411. Clock 136 serves as a bit rate generator and has programmable time bases for one of four multiple output rates. However, an output on the order of 38 KBS has been found to satisfactory for present purposes.
Counter stage 126 is also a 7-stage ripple counter, such as Motorola part MC14024. However, counter 126 is utilized to keep track of where each bit is in the frame. Each of the first 48 bits are coupled through the counter 126 and applied to the EPROM 160 of FIG. 11. These bits comprise the address of the particular display module 14 as will be explained in more detail subsequently. In addition, counter 126, in combination with associated logic elements identifies specific bits for other portions of the circuitry. For example, counter 126 in combination with NAND 140 and inverter 142 identifies the 49th bit, which when coupled to flip-flop 144 provides a signal condition on the output 144a labelled "compare/enable". Likewise, counter 126 in combination with NAND 146 and inverter 148 identifies the 97th bit, which when coupled to flip-flop 150 provides a signal condition on the output 150a labelled "LCD Save". Finally, counter 126 in combination NAND 152 and inverter 154 identifies the 113th and last bit in the applied data segment and is labelled "LCD Latch".
In the application of the data stream, the first 48 bits are applied via counter 126 to EPROM 160 via the group of 7 conductors identified at 127. Each bit is checked for correspondence with those programmed in the EPROM 160. If a concurrence is evident, a signal is provided at the output, which will then agree with the particular bit applied to the data line 162. Both signals are applied to exclusive OR 164, which provides an output signal if, and only if, the two signals at the input do not agree. The output of exclusive OR 164 provides one input of a NAND 166. Data strobe information on line 168 and compare/enable signal information on line 170 form the two other inputs of NAND 166. The output of NAND 166 feeds an inverter, the output of which is coupled to a flip-flop 174, the latter which may be a Motorola part MC14013.
In operation, the first 48 bits are checked by EPROM 160 and provides a signal if agreement is made. If the output of EPROM 160 agrees with the data on data line 162, then exclusive OR has no signal, or a low signal condition, at its output. If there is no agreement at any time when there is a data strobe pulse, and which is also during the first 48 bits time frame during which the compare/enable line 170 is at a high level, then a low signal condition occurs at the output of NAND 166. This is converted to a high or "1" by inverter 172 and is applied to flip-flop 174, thereby resetting and providing an invalid address signal at the output 174a. If complete agreement is found during all of the first 48 bits constituting the address of the associated display module 14, a low signal remains at the output of exclusive OR 164, and flip-flop 174 is not reset and no invalid address signal is ever generated.
Referring to FIG. 12, the memory and driver stage 30 is shown interconnected to the LCD display 32. The data stream is shown coupled to four 8-stage registers 180 in series, which in turn, depending on the stored information, controls the operation of LCD display 32. The first 48 bits are shifted into registers 180, but then are shifted out with the application of the next 48 bits, i.e., bits 49 through 97. Upon occurrence of bit 97, an output is generated at output 150a of flip-flop 150 (see FIG. 11), and is applied to the "LCD Save" input of NAND 182. At the next data strobe, bits 49 through 97 are effectively locked into registers 180. Upon the occurrence of bit 113, at the output 154a, and assuming there is no invalid address, a signal is generated by NAND 188 and inverters 186 and 190, which when applied to an appropriate input of registers 180 causes the information to be shifted out and applied to LCD Display 32 to thereby activate the same to display the desired pricing and other information in conventional manner. The LCD display 32 continues to display this information until altered by new information from registers 180 at some later time.
It is to be noted that at all times when there is no invalid address signal generated by flip-flop 174, a high signal is generated by inverter 186. Thus only an LCD latch signal is necessary as generated at the output 154a at the occurrence of the 113th bit to cause the information stored in the registers 180 to be applied to LC display 32.
As mentioned previously, the address code programmed in an individual display module 14 may be conveniently changed at any time and entirely at location. This is effected by the EPROM Writer and Eraser Unit 200 shown in FIG. 13. Unit 200 includes an appropriate cavity 202 into which a display module 14 may be inserted and operating power applied thereto. The unit 200 includes the appropriate capability of providing the proper medium to cancel the programmed information in the EPROM. For example, if ultraviolet light is the cancelling medium, suitable ultraviolet light is generated by depressing a provided actuator, such as indicated at 204. With the previous address code cancelled out of the module 14 a new address code may be programmed into it by the bar code reader 206 used to scan the UPC code on the new item of merchandise with which the reprogrammed module is to be associated. Such bar code optical scanners or wands are well known in the art such that detailed description of its operation is deemed unnecessary.
One further capability is provided by the system of the present invention. That is, as an aid in inventory control. As mentioned previously, each of the display modules 14 includes an actuator button 14g. Upon a person checking stock, whether during the normal business hours or outside thereof, noting that some particular merchandise is low on the shelf, activates button 14g which causes a number to be entered into the particular display module which represents units of a particular merchandise to be replenished. Such number is subsequently transmitted back along conductors 24 and 26 to the POS computer 12. At some particular time, computer 12 may be monitored and the fact that particular numbers have been received from particular display units will serve to indicate that stock with which those UPC bar codes are associated is low and should be replenished.
FIG. 14 illustrates schematically the circuit arrangement for an associated Transmit Section 300 for accomplishing the desired objective. As the switch or actuator button 14g is depressed on a particular display module 14, a seven-stage counter 302, which may be a Motorola part MC14024, is incremented accordingly. This allows a number that is selected, up to a maximum count of 127 (26), to be counted by counter 302 and stored therein for subsequent transmission back to the associated POS computer 12. At the end of each frame bit time (bit 113), a pulse is generated by a capacitor 304 and resistor 306 which is utilized to set a flip-flop 308, which may be a Motorola part MC14013, as well as to enable the P/S (parallel/serial) input 310a of a first four bit Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Register 310, which in turn is also connected to a like shift register 312. Registers 310 and 312 each may be a Motorola part MC14035. The enabling of input 310a causes the count information in counter 302 to be shifted and stored in counters 310 and 312, as indicated. The pulse applied to input 310a is also applied through inverters 314 and 316 to counter 302 to reset the count.
The not-Q output 308b normally inhibits the seven-stage counter 318. When flip-flop 308 is set, this allows ripple counter 318 to advance and serve as a divide-by-sixteen counter, for bit synchronization, and also a divide-by-three, for bit counting, in the return frame to computer 12. This is necessary because the clock input 318a is running faster than the bit rate. After a count of 16, the falling edge of output 318b (Q3) delineates a bit time, which causes a bit to shifted to the output 312b of register 312. Eight bits are required, one for each output of the counter 302 plus a start bit. It should be noted that the start bit is always a binary "one" which is effected by connecting output 312c (DP3) to the VDD source. This insures a transition of the signal line back to computer 12 for synchronization purposes.
As indicated, the output 312b (Q3) of register 312 is gated with flip-flop 308 on line 320 to prevent any spurious transitions on terminals A and B, which are also identified as conductors 24 and 26 (see FIG. 4b and 9). The signals from flip-flop 308 and output 312b of register 312 form the inputs to a NAND 322, which when inverted by inverter 324, is applied to the base of a transistor 326 connected across rails A and B as indicated. The conduction of transistor 326 causes a relatively low impedence across rails A and B, increasing the current therethrough, which is sensed by the POS computer 12 to determine whether or not the information bit returned is a zero or a one.
After eight bits are counted (representing a number up to 127) are counted, the output 318d (Q7) of ripple counter 318 goes low, which is inverted by inverter 328 and used to reset flip-flop 308 so as to disable the transmit section of the device here described until the display module 14 is again polled by the computer 12 and has reached the end of its receive frame.
Thus it will be noted that after the associated POS computer 12 "polls" a module display 14 by sending its unique address code, plus pricing and/or other information, it then waits an appropriate time for an eight bit response from that module, with the first bit serving as an appropriate start bit. The remaining seven bits represent a count of the number of times actuator button 14g has been depressed. If, in fact, the button 14g of any particular module 14 has not been depressed, the transmission section 300 of that module simply sends back a "zero".
Accordingly, what has been shown and described is a novel computer-driven informational display system that displays in real time. Such system is particularly adaptable for retail establishments where merchandise wares include a standard UPC bar code thereon. Redundant pricing of merchandise is effectively eliminated with the attendant inconvenience of labels, tags or stamping with ink or the like. Prices can be changed at will and at any time of the day. Further, the prices displayed are assured of being identical with those in the associated POS computer file, thereby avoiding a source of frequent customer dissatisfaction upon noting price discrepancies between those rung up on the cash register and those displayed on the shelves. Sales can be arranged daily, or even hourly. Even inventory control can be effected without generating paper work and requiring added after business hours activities.
means including optical scanning means for externally programming said memory of any of said plurality of display units with a stored address code while at its said selected location.
3. A computer-driven informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein said display unit means, includes receiver means having power supply means for driving a rectified D-C voltage from the data stream forming said computer-based information and applying the same to a first output terminal, said display unit receiver means further including means for receiving data stream and applying the same to a second output terminal.
4. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 3 wherein said timing of control means includes means for detecting the start bit in the data stream forming said computer-based information, means for determining the bit beginning the information to be displayed and means for determining the last bit in the data stream.
5. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 3 wherein said decoder means includes an EPROM programmable with standard UPC bar code binary information.
6. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 5 wherein said decoder means includes means for checking correspondence between the programmed information in said EPROM with the address code in said computer-based data stream.
7. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 6 wherein said decoder means includes means for generating an invalid address signal upon non-concurrence between the programmed information in said EPROM and the address code in said computer based data stream.
8. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 3 wherein said receiver means further includes a plurality of shift registers to be loaded with said information to be displayed, means for latching in said loaded information, and means for shifting said information to said display means upon occurrence and detection of said last bit in the data stream.
9. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 3 wherein said display means is an LCD display which includes at least a plurality of 7-segment alphnumeric displays.
10. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 5 wherein said means for changing the address code of said display units includes an eraseable and reprogrammable EPROM device.
11. A computer-driven, informational display arrangement in accordance with claim 10 wherein fixture means may accommodate said display unit and supply operating power thereto and which fixture means includes means for erasing any previously programmed address code in said memory means and for optically scanning a new UPC bar code and reprogramming the eraseable and reprogrammable PROM therewith.
ITMI20091851A1 (en) * 2009-10-23 2011-04-24 Fas International Spa Vending machine.
BE1003532A5 (en) * 1989-09-01 1992-04-14 Sydec Nv Selectively ADDRESSING SYSTEM.
Owner name: MOTOROLA INC., SCHAUMBURG, ILL. A CORP. OF DE.


His previous post was as chaplain at St Martin 's College and Assistant Priest of St Mary's Church, Ambleside with Brathay, and he was team vicar of Bingley (based at St Lawrence's, Eldwick) between 1995 and 2002. Before that he had served his second curacy at St Mark's, Utley. He says, "I have loved being chaplain at St Martin 's, but it now feels right to return to parish ministry. Alternative worship is something that I've been very involved in in Ambleside and so one of the particular things that attracts me to St John's is their focus on creativity in worship".
In his spare time Peter is hoping to work on some novels he is writing - adventure novels for teenagers. Peter's original degree was in computer science and economics after which he worked as an Administrator/Advice Worker with the Citizens' Advice Bureau in Wakefield . He trained for the ministry at St John's College , Durham and served his first curacy in Bradley in the Diocese of Wakefield.
St John's now has an Associate Priest - Jan Copsey who works all day Tuesday and Wednesday and Friday morning as well as Sunday morning. She can be contacted via the Church Office or by email at jan@benrhydding.org.uk We also have two Readers - Sylvia Walker who you can email at sylvia@benrhydding.org.uk and Dawn Jenkins who can be contacted via the Church Office.
St John's has 2 Churchwardens - Caroline Elston and Jonathan Wearing who can be contacted through the Church Office.


"In the fall of 2006, my optometrist informed me that it was time for my cataracts to be removed, and she recommended Dr. Yee. An appointment was set up, and Dr. Yee reaffirmed the diagnosis. She explained that I was a candidate for a new lens that was available where a patient had a greater chance of not needing to wear glasses after surgery. I could even decide whether I would like to have most of my improvement in my near or far vision. The length of the surgery and the recuperation would be the same as having the normal cataract surgery. I had been wearing glasses from morning to night for years and the possibility of not needing to wear glasses was intriguing. I pondered the extra cost of the ReSTOR® lenses and decided in favor of the newer replacements. In November the cataract in my right eye was removed; a ReSTOR® lens was implanted. I was awake during the procedure, which only took about fifteen minutes. Immediately everything seemed brighter and that evening I was reading the newspaper without glasses. Improvement in both my near and far vision had been achieved. A similar procedure was performed on my left eye in December. As a teenager I was diagnosed with Ambliopia (Lazy Eye) in my left eye. The successful improvement in that eye far surpassed what Dr. Yee and I had hoped.
Shopping at Christmas without glasses was much more pleasant without focusing my trifocals to read sizes and price tags. I don't miss glasses, which fogged up or slipped in the heat. At first it was odd seeing myself in the mirror without glasses, but I have learned to appreciate a younger person looking back at me."
"In the summer of 2007, I noticed my eye sight deteriorating when I would read. My Optometrist had told me several years ago that I had the start of cataracts in the corners of my eyes. In the fall of 2007, a family member recommended Dr. Yee.
Dr. Yee examined my eyes and told me I had cataracts that were ready to be removed. She explained that there were two different types of lenses available for my eyes. After much consideration and Dr. Yee's recommendation, I decided on the ReSTOR® lenses. I really wanted to have the benefit of not wearing glasses and I was willing to take the chance and pay the extra costs.
The surgery took approximately 20 minutes and was painless. I was awake during the whole procedure and was very comfortable and relaxed due to Dr. Yee and her staff making me feel at ease. My husband was very surprised to see me after surgery, because my eye looked like it had nothing done to it. My eye was not blood shot and I felt great!
I would like to thank Dr. Yee for recommending the ReSTOR® lenses, I now have 20/20 vision in both eyes and do not need to wear glasses."


text:
FREDERICK J. ELLERT 1929–2005
Breuer, Glenn
Ellert, Clara K.
Swann, Dale
Dr. Frederick J. Ellert
This is the thirteenth volume in the series of Memorial Tributes compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and international members. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who had personal knowledge of the interests and the engineering accomplishments of the deceased.
M. ROBERT AARON 1922–2007
MALCOLM J. ABZUG 1920–2007
LAURENCE J. ADAMS 1921–2008
OLIVER C. BOILEAU 1927–2007
WILLIAM M. BROWN 1932–2008
SIR ARTHUR CHARLES CLARKE 1917–2008
STEVEN F. CLIFFORD 1943–2007
C. ALLIN CORNELL 1938–2007
JACOB HENRICK DOUMA 1912–2004
PETER ELIAS 1923–2001
LLOYD EDWIN ELKINS, S R . 1912–2004
BEN C. GERWICK, J R. 1919–2006
GENE H. GOLUB 1932–2007
CHARLES DAVID GRESKOVICH 1942–2007
ABRAHAM HERTZBERG 1922–2003
C. LESTER HOGAN 1920–2008
JOHN K. HULM 1923–2004
F. KENNETH IVERSON 1925–2002
DAVID N. KENNEDY 1936–2007
PHILIP E. LAMOREAUX, SR. 1920–2008
WILLIAM S. LEE 1929–1996
TUNG-YEN LIN 1911–2003
ARTHUR SCOTT LODGE 1922–2005
CHARLES SEDWICK MATTHEWS 1920–2008
DWIGHT FOX METZLER 1916–2001
HARRY O. MONSON 1919–2007
JOSEPH B. MOORE 1926–2006
JAMES HENRY MULLIGAN, J R. 1920–1996
FRANK REGINALD NUNES NABARRO 1916–2006
DANIEL A. OKUN 1917–2007
RUSSELL RICHARD O'NEILL 1916–2007
ANTONI K. OPPENHEIM 1915–2008
JOHN R. PIERCE 1910 –2002
EBERHARDT RECHTIN 1926–2006
CHARLES E. REED 1913–2007
ROBERT CLARK REID 1924–2006
KENNETH J. RICHARDS 1932–2008
JOSEPH G. RICHARDSON 1923–2007
HUNTER ROUSE 1906–1996
MARIO G. SALVADORI 1907–1997
WOLFGANG SCHMIDT 1942–2007
ALEXANDER C. SCORDELIS 1923–2007
RONALD FRASER SCOTT 1929–2005
ROBERT C. SEAMANS, JR. 1918–2008
HERMAN E. SHEETS 1908 – 2006
JOHN B. SKILLING 1921–1998
J. EDWARD SNYDER, J R. 1934–2007
GEORGE F. SOWERS 1921–1996
PETER STAUDHAMMER 1934–2008
JAN VAN SCHILFGAARDE 1929–2008
MACELWYN VAN VALKENBURG 1921–1997
ROY F. WESTON 1911–2007
FUMITAKE YOSHIDA 1913–2007
Download Chapter 117KB, PDF
BY GLENN BREUER, DALE SWANN AND CLARA K. ELLERT
FREDERICK J. ELLERT was a talented engineer and business leader who was known for maintaining a balance between innovation, detailed analysis, and schedule. His impact on General Electric (GE) businesses will long be remembered. Fred was born in New Britain, Connecticut, on April 8, 1929, to parents who had emigrated from Bavaria, Germany. Engineering was in his blood, and he set his goal early in life to become an engineer himself.
Upon graduation from New Britain High School, he was awarded a four-year alumni scholarship to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), where he earned a bachelor's degree in1951, graduating fi rst in his class, a master's in 1952 (with a Tau Beta Pi Fellowship), and a doctorate in 1964, all in electrical engineering.
Fred's career at GE began when he participated in a co-op program while a student at RPI. In 1952, he joined the company as a permanent employee in the Specialty Control Department, where he was engaged in the development of electronic controls for machine tools. In 1954, he transferred to the GE General Engineering Laboratory, where he played a leading role in the development of magnetic amplifi ers, silicon-controlled rectifi er circuits, and advanced control systems for industrial and military applications. During this time, Fred became acquainted with Dr. Charles Merriam, author of Optimization Theory and the Design of Feedback Control Systems (McGraw-Hill, 1964), who stimulated Fred's interest in the fi eld of optimization.
His research in that fi eld led to his dissertation, "Indices for Control System Design Using Optimization Theory." Until the 1960s, high-voltage, direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems used mercury arc valves, but rapid advances in thyristor ratings showed that solid-state valves would have signifi cant technical and economic advantages. Based on this research, GE decided to enter the HVDC business designing and manufacturing systems that incorporated static valves. After a search for a talented engineer to lead this new venture, Fred was asked to lead the GE Power Delivery Group in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which was working on the development of the fi rst solid-state HV valves for use in HVDC transmission systems.
Solid-state valves had considerably better availability than mercury arc-rectifi er valves and soon became the industry standard. Fred also led the development of the complex controls required for these valves. Fred held several managerial positions related to the DC transmission-equipment business, including manager of the Circuit Protection and Control Laboratory. During his 13-year tenure, Fred was a prominent fi gure in the development and testing of power-transmission and distribution equipment. He also authored numerous technical publications and was granted ownership of several patents.
In 1977, Fred transferred to the GE Electric Utility Systems Engineering Department in Schenectady, New York, where he led all engineering activities related to transmission and distribution, including systems development, product- application engineering, and consulting services for the utility industry worldwide. Fred and his team are credited with many innovations in system design and applications related to HVDC systems, static Var control, and series capacitors. In 1980, Fred was promoted to general manager of the Electrical Utility Systems Engineering Department, and his responsibilities were expanded to include power-generation systems and industrial and marine applications.
Fred was widely recognized for his leadership of this multifaceted business. After his retirement from this position in May 1989, Fred formed the Ellert Consulting Group, Incorporated, a consulting fi rm specializing in power-system economics and technology. Fred was a member of three engineering honor societies, Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu, and LCR, and he was elected a Fellow of both Tau Beta Pi and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).
In 1987, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for "his outstanding leadership in developing and applying high-voltage direct- current transmission technology to large-scale electric-utility power networks." During his career, he served on committees for IEEE, American National Standards Institute, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE).
He was chair of the IEC Subcommittee on Converters for High Voltage D.C. Power Transmission, which developed international standards for DC power equipment. He was also a member of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Working Group on Ultra High Voltage Power Transmission, which was a forum for the exchange of technical information under the auspices of the U.S. State Department. Fred was an Eagle Scout and a leader of the scouting organization for many years.
A member of the RPI tennis team, he continued to demonstrate his athletic prowess later in life by consistently beating younger challengers in the GE tennis league. Fred died on July 13, 2005, after a courageous battle with mylodysplasia syndrome. He is survived by his wife of 51 years, Clara; a son, Frederick Paul; a daughter, Judith Ann; and fi ve grandchildren. BY CLARA K. ELLERT SUBMITTED BY THE NAE HOME SECRETARY
Fred and I were married on May 15, 1954. We met at GE where I was a secretary. We had a wonderful and happy 51 years together — we had so much in common coming from foreign parents. We had 2 fantastic children — Frederick Paul, born in 1956, who graduated with a masters degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell, and Judith Ann, born in 1960, who graduated from the University of Rochester with a degree in general science and biology and is now a practicing physician's assistant. Frederick Paul married Hilary Wichert in 1981.
Judith Ann married Anthony Luscher in 1985. There are fi ve grandchildren — Joseph A. Ellert, a welding engineer in Ann Arbor, Michigan; Ashley Rose Ellert, now Sister Pio Maria with the Dominicans in Ann Arbor, Michigan; Elizabeth M. Luscher, a junior at Ohio State; Matthew A. Luscher, a freshman at Ohio State; and Rebecca A. Luscher, who is in middle school. Fred was a wonderful husband, father, grandfather, and friend. We spent our winter months in Florida and thoroughly enjoyed the life playing golf, walking the beach, and having fun with our many friends there. He is terribly missed and I think of him all the time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
1 Jan '20 05:46:35 PM
Νέος ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ ἥλιος.
20 Dec '19 11:17:50 PM
'I think it is sometimes felt that drawing an analogy between moral conduct and games makes moral conduct seem misleadingly simple (or trivial?), because there are no rules in moral conduct corresponding to the rules about how the Queen moves in chess. But this misses the point of the analogy, which is that moves and actions have to be done correctly; not just any movement you make will be a move, or a promise, a payment, a request. This does not mean that promising is (just) following rules. Yet if someone is tempted not to fulfill a promise, you may say "Promises are kept," or "We keep our promises (that is the sort of thing a promise is)," thus employing a rule-description—what I have called a categorical declarative. You may say "You must keep this promise" (you are underestimating its importance; last time you forgot). This is not the same as "You ought to keep this promise," which is only sensible where you have a reason for breaking it strong enough to allow you to do so without blame (there is a real alternative), but where you are enjoined to make a special effort or sacrifice. (This is partly why "You ought to keep promises" is so queer. It suggests that we not only always want badly to get out of fulfilling promises, but that we always have some good (anyway, prima facie) reason for not keeping them (perhaps our own severe discomfort) and that therefore we are acting well when we do fulfill. But we aren't, normally; neither well nor ill.) "Ought" is like "must" in requiring a background of action or position into which the action in question is set; and, like "must," it does not form a command, a pure imperative. All of which shows the hopelessness of speaking, in a general way, about the "normativeness" of expressions. The Britannica "rules" tell us what we must do in playing chess, not what we ought to do if we want to play. You (must) mean (imply), in speaking English, that something about an action is fishy when you say "The action is voluntary"; you (must) mean, when you ask a person "Ought you to do that?" that there is some specific way in which what he is doing might be done more tactfully, carefully, etc.… Are these imperatives? Are they categorical or hypothetical? Have you in no way contradicted yourself if you flout them? (Cf. n. 25.)
That "modal imperatives" ("must," "supposed to," "are to," "have to" …) require the recognition of a background action or position into which the relevant action is placed indicates a portentous difference between these forms of expression and pure imperatives, commands. Whether I can command depends only upon whether I have power or authority, and the only characteristics I must recognize in the object of the command are those which tell me that the object is subject to my power or authority. Employing a modal "imperative," however, requires that I recognize the object as a person (someone doing something or in a certain position) to whose reasonableness (reason) I appeal in using the second person. (Compare "Open, Sesame!" with "You must open, Sesame.") This is one reason that commands, pure imperatives, are not paradigms of moral utterance, but represent an alternative to such utterance.'
19 Dec '19 05:41:30 AM
'It is also music about doubt and hope. An unmistakable and willful anxiety, skepticism, and hardened thoughts about a future—if not "the future"—reside there.'
'We are still on the other side of the mirror. Yesterday you saw your best friend and told him of your passionate hatred of war. Now try to tell yourself that story in the style of Dos Passos. "And they ordered two beers and said that war was appalling. Paul stated he'd rather do anything than fight and John said he concurred and both were moved and said they were happy to agree. As he was going home, Paul decided to see more of John." You will immediately hate yourself. But it won't take you long to see that you can't speak of yourself in this tone. However insincere you might have been, at least you lived out your insincerity; you played it out on your own, you extended its existence at every moment in a process of continued creation. And even if you let yourself be dragged down into collective representations, you had first to live these out as an individual abdication. We are neither mechanisms nor possessed souls, but something worse: we are free. Entirely outside or entirely inside. Dos Passos's human is a hybrid, internal-external creature. We are with him and in him. We live with his vacillating individual consciousness and, suddenly, it falters, weakens, and flows off into the collective consciousness. We follow him and suddenly, here we are, outside, without having noticed it. This is the creature beyond the looking glass—strange, contemptible, and fascinating.'
'… by this I mean a plausible address to everyone who is alive—and no one who is dead!'
'We're the ones moving in circles.'
7 Nov '19 06:05:00 AM
'But before considering more fully what the order of historical event, as represented by the Revolution of 1848, means in the novel, it may be well to complete the discussion of interference and chiasmus by a word on style indirect libre, whereby interference and chiasmus come to inhabit the text in its very verbal texture. As the best recent critics of Flaubert have shown, traditional discussions of style indirect libre as a technique for reporting speech and its characteristic patterns, rhythms, and key words without recourse to direct quotation and without overt indication of an authorial-narratorial voice—discussions that see the technique as part of an increasingly sophisticated mimesis whereby the novel appears to "write itself" in the absence of the author—fail to appreciate the most radical consequences of Flaubert's practice, which are indeed consonant with the interference of systems and orders as I have sketched it. To understand how this is so, we ought to take the time to demonstrate how Flaubert uses style indirect libre to avoid and prevent direct attribution of what is spoken and reported, as a technique of irresponsibility, in that it refuses to designate who is responsible for any given statement. Brief illustration will have to suffice. To take first a relatively simple example, an evening in Mme Dambreuse's drawing room following the marriage of her "niece" (in fact her husband's illegitimate daughter) Cécile:
That evening, a few friends came by to congratulate her and to condole with her: she must be missing her niece so much? It was a very good idea, though, for the newlyweds to have gone on a trip; later, difficulties, children come along! But Italy didn't live up to the idea one had of it. Granted, they were at the age of illusions! and then, the honeymoon embellished everything! (p. 401)
The lack of attribution here—we don't even know who the "few friends" are, though we could no doubt reconstruct the cast of characters from other Dambreuse gatherings—signals the commonplace nature of what is said, its status as cliché, belonging to everyone and to no one. The commonplace statements are presented in the imperfect tense, the usual tense of indirect discourse, but with a use of punctuation, question marks and especially exclamation points, which in Flaubert's usage seem to be almost musical notations of "voicing": they suggest the notation of those phrases which are being only indirectly quoted. And the sentence on the newlyweds' trip violates—in a manner once again typical of Flaubert—the normal structure of verb tenses in indirect discourse by moving into the present with surviennent ("come along"), as if voice broke through the reportorial convention to assert its presence.
Flaubert creates here the voice of a collectivity, and the lack of an answer to the question, who is speaking? does not much concern us, since what is being said is so banal. Nor are we much concerned here to say why we find the sentiments uttered banal—why we automatically read them with the distance of irony—so obvious does the point seem. Yet we should note that the passage gives no overt indications of ironization: our judgment that it is to be "taken ironically" must derive from our recognition of the perfect banality of the reported speech—a recognition of Flaubert's artistry in creating the perfectly stupid. This was indeed a basic Flaubertian ambition, mentioned many times in his correspondence, perhaps best expressed in his goal for the Dictionnaire des idées reçues, in which he wished to construct a book where "there would not be a single word invented by me"—where both the entries and their definitions would be made of the sottises, the stupidities, of others—and the reader would stand in the uneasy position of being uncertain whether to read it ironically or not. Thus would the dream of the perfectly disguised author be realized.'
'It is perhaps striking that from the moment the work becomes the search for art, from the moment it becomes literature, the writer increasingly feels the need to maintain a relation to himself. His feeling is one of extreme repugnance at losing his grasp upon himself in the interests of that neutral force, formless and bereft of any destiny, which is behind everything that gets written. This repugnance, or apprehension, is revealed by the concern, so characteristic of many authors, to compose what they call their "journal." Such a preoccupation is far removed from the complacent attitudes usually described as Romantic. The journal is not essentially confessional; it is not one's own story. It is a memorial. What must the writer remember? Himself: who he is when he isn't writing, when he lives daily life, when he is alive and true, not dying and bereft of truth. But the tool he uses in order to recollect himself is, strangely, the very element of forgetfulness: writing. That is why, however, the truth of the journal lies not in the interesting, literary remarks to be found there, but in the insignificant details which attach it to daily reality. The journal represents the series of reference points which a writer establishes in order to keep track of himself when he begins to suspect the dangerous metamorphosis to which he is exposed. It is a route that remains viable; it is something like a watchman's walkway upon ramparts: parallel to, overlooking, and sometimes skirting around the other path—the one where to stray is the endless task. Here true things are still spoken of. Here, whoever speaks retains his name and speaks in this name, and the dates he notes down belong in a shared time where what happens really happens. The journal—this book which is apparently altogether solitary—is often written out of fear and anguish at the solitude which comes to the writer on account of the work.
The recourse to the journal indicates that he who writes doesn't want to break with contentment. He doesn't want to interrupt the propriety of days which really are days and which really follow one upon the other. The journal roots the movement of writing in time, in the humble succession of days whose dates preserve this routine. Perhaps what is written there is already nothing but insincerity; perhaps it is said without regard for truth. But it is said in the security of the event. It belongs to occupations, incidents, the affairs of the world—to our active present. This continuity is nil and insignificant, but at least it is irreversible. It is a pursuit that goes beyond itself toward tomorrow, and proceeds there definitively.
The journal indicates that already the writer is no longer capable of belonging to time through the ordinary certainty of action, through the shared concerns of common tasks, of an occupation, through the simplicity of intimate speech, the force of unreflecting habit. He is no longer truly historical; but he doesn't want to waste time either, and since he doesn't know anymore how to do anything but write, at least he writes in response to his everyday history and in accord with the preoccupations of daily life. It happens that writers who keep a journal are the most literary of all, but perhaps this is precisely because they avoid, thus, the extreme of literature, if literature is ultimately the fascinating realm of time's absence.'
'… the act of simply writing those words fills me with terrible sadness.'


Cast-iron cookware never goes out of style, and cannot be destroyed. ). Howie Southworth and Greg Matza, best friends and adventurous home cooks, share 100 recipes for cooking in a skillet.
Sale: $14.95 In an era of corporate greed, Bob Moore's philosophy of putting people before profit is a shining example of what's right about America. Instead of selling out to numerous bidders who would have made him a very wealthy man, the founder of Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods gave the $100 million company to his employees.


text:
Sarah Ferguson >
Latest Sarah Ferguson News
Follow Sarah Ferguson
Sarah Ferguson's New Talent Show
Sarah Ferguson is to judge on a new horse talent show.The Duchess of York - who was previously married to Prince Andrew, the Duke of York - has shot the pilot for a brand new...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 30 July 2020
Sarah Ferguson
Princess Beatrice 'Made A Last-minute Wedding Dress Change'
Princess Beatrice reportedly made a last-minute request to borrow the Queen's dress for her wedding.The 31-year-old royal - who recently married property tycoon Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in a small ceremony at The Royal Chapel of...
Princess Beatrice Duchess of York
Sarah Ferguson Has 'Best Sons-in-law'
Sarah Ferguson has the ''best sons-in-law''.The Duchess of York has gushed about how proud she felt when her daughter Princess Beatrice married Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in an intimate ceremony on Friday (17.07.20) and admitted she's...
Sarah Ferguson Duchess of York PRincess Beatrice
Princess Eugenie Urges Scoliosis Sufferers To Share Their Scars
Princess Eugenie has urged other scoliosis sufferers to share their scars.The 30-year-old royal - who is the daughter of Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, and Sarah, the Duchess of York - shared a photo...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 29 June 2020
Princess Beatrice Sarah Ferguson
Sarah Ferguson's Storytelling Channel Gets Over 300,000 Views
Sarah, Duchess of York's storytelling YouTube channel has amassed over 300,000 views.The 60-year-old royal - who was born Sarah Ferguson - has been keeping children entertained during the coronavirus lockdown by dressing up and reading...
Duchess of York Sarah Ferguson
Sarah Ferguson Relaunching Budgie The Little Helicopter Series
Sarah Ferguson is relaunching her 'Budgie The Little Helicopter' books.The 60-year-old royal will release new book 'Budgie - Turtle Rescue' and proceeds are set to be divided between Sarah's Trust and to fight the global...
Sarah Ferguson Launches New Foundation
Sarah Ferguson has launched a new charitable foundation.The Duchess of York hopes Sarah's Trust will be able to make a ''long lasting difference to vulnerable communities'' by positioning itself as a ''vital bridge'' between charities...
Sarah Ferguson Duchess of York
Princess Diana Snuck Into Staff Party
Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson once snuck into a party for royal staff.Former royal chef Darren McGrady - who worked for Queen Elizabeth from 1982 to 1993 before moving to Kensington Palace to be the...
Princess DIana Sarah Ferguson Prince William Prince Harry
Sarah Ferguson's Sweet Note For Princess Beatrice On What Would Have Been Her Wedding Day
Sarah Ferguson shared a sweet message to her daughter Princess Beatrice on what would have been her wedding day.The Duchess of York left a message of support for her eldest daughter on what would have...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 29 May 2020
Sarah Ferguson Princess Beatrice
Princess Beatrice Is Happier Than Ever
Princess Beatrice is happier than ever thanks to her romance with Edoardo Mozzi.The 31-year-old royal is set to tie the knot with the property developer, and although their original wedding date of May 29 was...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 03 April 2020
Prince Andrew And Sarah Ferguson Rekindle Romance?
Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson have reportedly rekindled their romance.The Duke and Duchess of York - who have daughters Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie together - have remained close friends since their divorce in 1996,...
Bob Geldof 'Weds Jeanne Marine'
Sir Bob Geldof held an intimate wedding ceremony on the French Riviera on Saturday (19.09.15).The Live Aid organiser reportedly wed French actress Jeanne Marine - despite previous reports they married in April.According to the Sunday...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 19 September 2015
Bob Geldof Jeanne Marine Sarah Ferguson Peaches Geldof Pixie Geldof
Sarah Ferguson Moves To Switzerland
The Duchess of York has left the Royal Lodge in Windsor, England, the home she once shared with her ex-husband, Prince Andrew, and taken up residence at a chalet in the ski resort...
By WENN in Movies / TV / Theatre on 04 August 2015
Lindsay Lohan Wants Royal Friendship
Lindsay Lohan is determined to befriend Britain's Princess Eugenie.The troubled actress was delighted to learn Queen Elizabeth's granddaughter has moved to New York for her work with auction house Paddle 8 and has been bombarding...
By Bang Showbiz in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 16 November 2013
Lindsay Lohan Sarah Ferguson
Princess Beatrice: Queen Elizabeth Is Incredible
Britain's Princess Beatrice thinks Queen Elizabeth is an ''incredible woman''. The 24-year-old royal revealed her grandmother is ''very supportive'' of her as she prepares to scale Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in the French Alps,...
By Bang Showbiz on 19 August 2012
Princess Beatrice Holly Branson Parachute Richard Branson Sarah Ferguson The Duchess Of York
More Woes For Sarah Ferguson After She Is Charged With Illegal Filming
Former British royal Sarah Ferguson has been charged with illegally filming children during a 2008 trip to a Turkish orphanage.The Duchess of York went undercover to examine orphanage conditions for a British TV programme and...
By WENN on 12 January 2012
Pippa Middleton Befriends Geri Halliwell
Pippa Middleton has become friends with Geri Halliwell.The 28-year-old beauty - the younger sister of Britain's Duchess Catherine of Cambridge - recently attended a charity boxing event with boyfriend Alex Loudon, and got on particularly...
By Bang Showbiz on 15 October 2011
Pippa Middleton Emma Samms Geri Halliwell Princess Beatrice Sarah Ferguson
Fergie Shuts Down Time Magazine Interview Over Scandal Probe
Sarah Ferguson shut down a Time magazine interview when a reporter refused to drop questions about her cash-for-royal-access scandal.The Duchess of York was caught on camera trying to set up a bogus business deal with...
By WENN on 01 July 2011
Ferguson Meddled With Eugenie's Royal Wedding Hat From Thai Retreat
Sarah Ferguson, The Duchess Of York helped her daughter Eugenie prepare for the royal wedding all the way from Thailand.Fergie took off to the jungles of Kamala after learning she would not be invited to...
By WENN on 20 June 2011
Sarah Ferguson The Duchess Of York
Fergie Couldn't Resist Tuning In To The Royal Wedding
Sarah Ferguson, Duchess Of York couldn't bear not to keep up with the royal wedding gossip from her retreat in Thailand - and phoned a friend to keep her up to date with all the...
By WENN on 12 May 2011
Guy Richie And Joss Stone Invited To Royal Wedding
Guy Richie and Joss stone are on the guest list for the royal wedding.Clarence House today (23.04.11) revealed the official list and seating plan of those invited to the nuptials of Prince William and Kate...
By Bang Showbiz on 23 April 2011
Guy Ritchie Ben Fogle Diana Princess Of Wales Elton John Joss Stone Kate Middleton Mario Testino Mr Bean Prince William Rowan Atkinson Sarah Ferguson Tara Palmer-Tompkinson Victoria Beckham Royal Wedding
Ferguson 'Devastated' By Access-to-andrew Deal
Former British royal SARAH FERGUSON's representative has authenticated a video recording in which the Duchess of York offers a U.K. tabloid access to her ex-husband PRINCE ANDREW for cash.The News of the World posted footage...
Ferguson Eyeing Tv Role
British royal SARAH FERGUSON is planning a new career as a full-time TV presenter in the U.S.The Duchess of York has already landed a number of small television jobs, including guest slots on The View...
By WENN on 21 April 2010
Sarah Ferguson Nbc
Ferguson Facing Legal Battle Over Book
British royal SARAH FERGUSON has filed a lawsuit in a bid to stop a controversial book from hitting U.K. shelves.The Duchess of York went undercover to film 700 disabled children at a Turkish orphanage for...
By WENN on 18 December 2009
Ferguson Lost Life Savings In Business Disaster
British royal SARAH FERGUSON lost almost a million dollars when her lifestyle company collapsed - but insists rumours she is bankrupt are untrue.The Duchess of York - ex-wife of Prince Andrew - ploughed her $960,000...
By WENN on 26 October 2009
Screenwriter Recalls Fergie's 9/11 Horror
A top movie screenwriter has revealed SARAH FERGUSON would have been caught up in the post-terrorist attack World Trade Center collapse on 9/11 if it wasn't for a TV interview. Actor/writer MIKE BINDER was promoting...
By WENN on 12 March 2007
Sarah Ferguson Mike Binder Good Morning America
Ferguson's Brief Romance Ends
British royal SARAH FERGUSON, DUCHESS OF YORK has ended her brief acquaintance with American insurance officer MARK FREITAS, after discovering he had been arrested for domestic abuse. The flame-haired ex-wife of PRINCE ANDREW enjoyed a...
By World Entertainment News Network on 16 March 2006
Sarah Ferguson Duchess Of York Mark Freitas Darrah Lee Gleason
Stars Auction Dinner Dates
RICKY MARTIN, JENNIFER GARNER and SARAH FERGUSON, DUCHESS OF YORK are offering to spend an evening with fans willing to fork out big cash for charity. The stars are taking part in luxury chocolate...
Ricky Martin Jennifer Garner Sarah Ferguson Duchess Of York
Le Bon Missed Out Yasmin's Nude Photo
DURAN DURAN frontman SIMON LE BON still hasn't seen his model wife YASMIN's nude picture in aid of the ELTON JOHN AIDS FOUNDATION - even though the raunchy shot has caused a stir throughout the...
Duran Duran Yasmin Kate Moss Sarah Ferguson
Sarah Ferguson Quick Links News Pictures Quotes RSS
Sarah Ferguson Quick Links
News Pictures Quotes RSS
Celebrities Index: 0 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


Dean Giglio was the top goalscorer in local football for the 2016-2017 season.
The AFC Stanground Sports Reserves player scored 64 goals for the Peterborough League Division Two side and was closely followed by Oliver Maltby of Peterborough League Premier Division Pinchbeck United and Evie Driscoll-King of Yaxley Girls Under 14s. They both scored 62 goals.


text:
Home News AIRLINES One too many for the trip
One too many for the trip
GENEVA, 3 September 2019: The International Air Transport Association has called on more countries to sign up to the ICAO Montreal Protocol 2014, tagged MP14, to deal with unruly passengers on flights.
According to IATA statistics, in 2017, a disruptive incident happened once every 1,053 flights. In 2016 it was once every 1,424 flights.
Most reports (86%) were classified as level 1 incidents, which are verbal in nature and can usually be brought to a successful conclusion by the crew using de-escalation training.
10% of reports related to level 2 incidents, which involve physical aggression to others or damage to the aircraft.
4% were level 3 & 4 incidents, which are rare but more serious, such as attempts to gain cockpit entry.
The top three issues identified in the report:
49% non-compliance with safety regulations (other than non-smoking);
27% Alcohol/other intoxication;
24% Non-compliance with smoking regulations;
IATA's statistics do not cover all airlines around the world, so are likely to underestimate the true extent of the problem.
Unruly passenger incidents include violence against crew and other passengers, harassment, verbal abuse, smoking, failure to follow safety instructions and other forms of disorderly behaviour.
Committing an offence on board doesn't automatically mean an individual is prosecuted, as under international law it is the authorities in the state where the aircraft is registered that have jurisdiction over offences committed on board.
IATA has said it wants to see this issue changed through widespread adoption of the protocol.
MP14 gives the state of scheduled landing the necessary jurisdiction to deal with unruly passengers, and also covers third-party countries in case a flight is re-routed.
It will only come into force once a minimum of 22 states endorses the procedure. At present, 21 states have ratified MP14, with Kazakhstan, Paraguay and Turkey the latest to commit.
"As the 7th largest international airline market, Turkey's ratification of MP14 is very welcome, as it gives legitimacy to the protocol and it will enable Turkey to play an active role in dealing with an increasingly important threat to passenger wellbeing and safety," said, IATA area manager for Turkey, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Central Asia Funda Calisir.
IATA also called on European governments to develop prevention tools such as industry campaigns like "One Too Many", which urges passengers to drink responsibly.
Previous articleVietnam travel pace dips
Next articleTourism spend supports communities
Airline survey lucky draw


text:
ToolsTop
Best Video Editing Software for Beginners
Over the last few years, the online world is dominated by videos, be it social networking sites, online tutorials, guides, marketing content, entertainment sites, or anything else. With the increasing video content, the need for video creators and editors has also increased manifold.
How to Change the Colour of a Folder In Windows
Though there is no dearth of video editor for Windows available, a majority do not meet up to the tall claims they make. Moreover, a lot of them have a steep learning curve and despite being feature-rich, they are complicated to use. If you too have been looking for one such perfect video editing software, that lets you create and edit videos like a pro and that too in a hassle-free manner, Filmora from Wondershare is just an apt choice.
Part 1. Overview of Wondershare Filmora
Wondershare Filmora is a feature-packed video editing software that can be downloaded in a few simple steps on your Windows PC as well as Mac. The features of the tool can be majorly segregated into 4 parts- Editing, Effects, Audio, and Color. It comes loaded with an array of basic as well as advanced features to let you take your creativity to an all-new level and create an eye-catchy video in no time. In this article below, let's learn in detail about this software and what makes it one of the tops in the category.
Part 2. The Interface
Let's first start with the softwareinterface. It is simple and user-friendly that features a drag and drop function that makes the file movement easy and quick. The main interface of the software is divided into 3 main parts as below.
Timeline Panel: This is a rectangle-shaped long box at the lower side of the interface which shows the changes that are being done to the added file.
Player Panel: The area on the right side of the software interface is termed the Preview box and here you can see the files with the applied changes.
Media panel: This panel is present at the top of the interface and includes all the editing tools as well as effects directories. The media systems that are saved locally are also imported to your editor timeline using this panel.
Part 3. Some Basic Features: Trim, split videos
Wondershare is a complete video editing tool that supports basic as well as advanced features. In this section of the topic, we will discuss some of the most commonly needed and basic editing features supported by the program.
Trimming and cutting are the most essential editing features. Using Filmora, you can trim the unwanted video parts, split them into different sections and even delete the ones that are not needed.
Part 4. Advanced Video Editing Features
Multiple advanced editing features are supported by the software that will let you create and edit videos like a professional. Some of the key ones are enlisted below.
Effects and transitions – (Boris FX and NewBlue FX):
Filmora supports the professional quality effects plugins – Continuum, developed by Boris FX who is an award-winning developer. Using these customized units, you can create videos with having cinematic look with excellent quality lighting and stylization effects.
The NewBlue FX effects collection at the software allows creating of excellent animated titles as well as motion graphics. You can fund more than 100 unique effects and over 500 custom title presets here.
Another essential editing feature is motion tracking. Using this feature, you can track the object movement in a video and then pin your media files as well as graphics for following the motion. The software features an AI motion tracker that allows identifying the motion automatically.
The color match feature will let you enhance the matching color efficiency across multiple clips while the color correction feature allows correcting the color using presets or manually as needed.
Green Screen (Chroma Key):
For changing the background and adding special effects to your videos, Green Screen is a much-needed feature. With just a simple click of a button, you can change the video background and even add interesting effects.
Masking:
Using Filmora, you can Mask and Blend for covering and mixing the video clips and adding interesting effects magically. The tool supports around 18 blending modes to choose from.
Using the Speed Ramping feature of Filmora, the speed of the video can be adjusted with keyframe controlling that gives a cinematic effect to the video. The tool also features 6 presets for the speed ramping template.
The AI Portrait is an interesting feature of Filmora that facilitates human detection on the video and then quick and easy removal of the background. You can even add portrait effects and AR stickers to further make the video interesting.
Part 5: Wondershare Filmora- Audio Editing
Wondershare Filmora ensures that your videos are excellent in quality as well as sound, also supports an array of audio-enhancing features like Speech to Text, Text to Speech, Audio Visualizer, Auto Synchronization, Audio Ducking, and Silence Detection.
Speech to Text (STT) is one of the most widely used and interesting features using which you can transcript the voice to subtitles in just a single click. Your speech can be automatically recognized by the software and converted into text with accuracy. Above all, the software supports up to 16 languages to transcribe.
Part 6. Availability & Plans
This video editor for Windows is available for download on Windows 7/Windows 8.1/Windows 10/Windows 11 (64-bit OS) systems.
While on your Mac systems, the latest software is available for download on macOS V12(Monterey), macOS V11 (Big Sur), macOS v10.15 (Catalina), and macOS v10.14 (Mojave).
Wondershare Filmora is a paid software that is available in multiple subscription plans for individuals, teams & businesses, educational, and also as bundles. The pricing for the Windows and Mac systems differs. You can check the pricing details on their official website.
There is also a free trial version of the software available for download, but it supports only basic features and the files processed under this version have a watermark. The free trial version will give you an idea about the tool, its interface, and its working before you purchase a plan. Get the free version and explore Filmora by yourself.
25 Best Android Apps Not Available on the Google Play Store
10 Best TikTok Video Downloaders in 2022
Top Six New Zealand Online Gambling Sites
Top 10 NASA's Greatest Achievements Of All Time
13 Best City Building Games For PC You Must Play in 2022
5 Best Free Windows 11 Privacy and Security Tools in 2022
Best Free VPN for 2022
8 Best Facial Tracking Software to Adopt in 2022
PDFelement 9-Best Tool to Perform OCR on PDFs


Make sure your next projector installation is smooth with a projector mount from Camcor. We stock a wide variety of projector ceiling mounts and projector wall mounts for almost any application. Brands offered include quality manufacturers such as Chief, Peerless, BMS, Bretford, Dalite, and Recordex. When safety and quality matters, count on us to have the best solution for your projector mounting project. Have questions? Call our friendly and trained staff to help find the mount you need at 800-868-2462.
Chief WM130AUS Single Stud Wall Mount Kit for Short Throw Projector extends 30"-54"
Chief WM210AUS Dual Stud Wall Mount Kit for Short Throw Projector extends 0-18"
Chief WM220AUS Dual Stud Wall Mount Kit for Short Throw Projector extends 18"-30"
Chief WM230AUS Dual Stud Wall Mount Kit for Short Throw Projector extends 30"-54"


can now sit for the exam this year.
Health and Family Welfare said in a press note on Friday.
online application, who have made their three attempts. The board had even made the required changes on its website.
This led to sporadic protests in several parts of the country, and the government sprung into action to make the changes.
rejected applications can be filed afresh," the note said.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in consultation with Medical Council of India (MCI) has decided that there shall be an upper age limit of 25 years as on the date of exam. However, the students of reserved categories will be given age relaxation of 5 years.


text:
In an age of globalization and tourism, what are the ethics and responsibilities of foreigners working in indigenous communities? What does it imply to be an outsider working with a local community? How are these people from outside perceived within the communities that they work in and what are the difficulties of being an outsider and doing community based work within a community one may not be a part of?
In the article in La Jornada (January 5, 2000), it states that in the year 2000, many foreigners were harassed and even being deported while doing community activist work. The most striking is the deportation of a San Diego man who started a school in the Zapatista caracol, Oventik. The Mexican government stated that the man was acting against the constitution and therefore against the Mexican government. How do foreigners align their politics with the country they are in? What are the repercussions? In our group, we are interested in looking at all aspects of community activism, dealing with people from outside working inside these communities. What are the benefits and detriments of such work? What are the politics at play?
The phrase community activism is problematic in and of itself. To what community are we referring to and if we are not part of a community then how can we work WITH a community? For centuries outsiders have come from afar to 'help' native people, but if we look at the history, we must be careful in how this is executed. Many Europeans of the colonialist tradition thought they were helping the Indians by teaching them the ways of Catholicism and assimilation, but the new breed of germs affectively murdered many in the population. Photographers like Susan Meiselas and Kevin Carter are praised for their work in showing images of the Sandinista revolution and the role of poverty in Africa, but what have the photos really done except bring awareness to a problem? Ivan Illich, in the article "To Hell with Good Intentions" suggests that we should not go hypocritically into Latin American countries thinking we can help. To quote Illich, speaking with a group of Americans, embarking on volunteer projects in Mexico,
"If you have any sense of responsibility at all, stay with your riots here at home. Work for the coming elections: You will know what you are doing, why you are doing it, and how to communicate with those to whom you speak. And you will know when you fail. If you insist on working with the poor, if this is your vocation, then at least work among the poor who can tell you to go to hell. It is incredibly unfair for you to impose yourselves on a village where you are so linguistically deaf and dumb that you don't even understand what you are doing, or what people think of you. And it is profoundly damaging to yourselves when you define something that you want to do as "good," a "sacrifice" and "help."
I am here to suggest that you voluntarily renounce exercising the power which being an American gives you. I am here to entreat you to freely, consciously and humbly give up the legal right you have to impose your benevolence on Mexico. I am here to challenge you to recognize your inability, your powerlessness and your incapacity to do the "good" which you intended to do.
I am here to entreat you to use your money, your status and your education to travel in Latin America. Come to look, come to climb our mountains, to enjoy our flowers. Come to study. But do not come to help."
While this is a very extreme critique, many thinkers have tried to maximize the potential that outside agents can have within community work. Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed, for instance, often has outsiders (from different nationalities, different backgrounds) as the facilitators for his theatre workshops. It is natural to wonder if these outsiders then can understand the oppression and repression of a particular community, given that these ideas are intertwined within cultural definitions. However, the presence of these outside facilitators is Brechtian ,in that their presence and position could actually help achieve an 'alienation' from the emotions of the issue and actually give rise to a more objective understanding of the situation at hand.
What would Illich have to say about this brand of outsider? It's hard to know. But what it does imply is that the term 'outsider' itself gives rise to an entire genre of discussions. I think we would all agree that there are levels of outsiders: the volunteers that Illich talks to, the facilitators that Boal trains, groups like ours, etc. How do we begin to understand the nuances of this topic then?
Thinking about activism in this case, the idea has to be defined by the person it helps, not by the person that is doing it. Also, what are the different levels of community activism; people from the same community, people from different communities, different continents, etc. Often there is a favoring of work that is done between first and third world communities, but what does it look like when people from the same community work together? In this way, we are interested in the intricacies of community activism for people who are not native to the community they are working with. Many questions arise from the discussion…this project intends to present a platform open to a dialogue about different experiences and ideas on community activism.
In debating the role of 'outsiders' working with community activism in San Cristobal de las Casas, the first thing to notice are the number of categories that need to be defined and refined: some presented in opposition to each other, others as concepts in themselves- that would lead to a more nuanced understanding of an outsider presence in community activism/ engagement.
Group members: Camilo Ernesto Bogotá Roncancio, Nandita Dinesh, Emmanuelle Lambert-Lemoine, Melanie Ann Lockert, Irma Leticia Robles Moreno
Leadership/Indispensability
Withdrawal/Abandonment and its Consequences
Collectivity
Tension & Dialogue


Organization to make your life easier!
This cute 13 month calendar (June 2019-June 2020) can be printed on 8 1/2" x 11" pages.
This set of calendar pages have a funky farmhouse feel with rustic, teal wood backgrounds. Each page has various holidays and observances, colored or white month headers, and stylish fonts.
The organizational column on the left side keeps each activity lined up with the person on the left side (up to 4 people). I use this calendar at my home. I label the top two blanks for me, the next one for my hubby, and the last on is shared by my kids. It really helps me to see who is doing what on which day!


VeriFinger SDK is based on VeriFinger fingerprint recognition technology and is intended for biometric systems developers and integrators. The SDK allows rapid development of biometric applications using functionality from the VeriFinger algorithm for Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS and Android. VeriFinger can be easily integrated into the customer's security system. The integrator has complete control over SDK data input and output.
VeriFinger 11.1 Standard SDK is designed for PC-based, embedded and mobile biometric application development. It includes Fingerprint Matcher and Extractor component licenses, programming samples and tutorials, fingerprint scanner support modules and software documentation. The SDK allows the development of biometric applications for Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS and Android operating systems.
VeriFinger 11.1 Extended SDK is designed for biometric Web-based and network application development. It contains all features and components of the Standard SDK. Additionally, the SDK includes Fingerprint Client component licenses for PCs and mobile devices, sample client applications, tutorials and a ready-to-use matching server component.
The table below lists the biometric components which are included in VeriFinger 11.1 Standard SDK and VeriFinger 11.1 Extended SDK. The list can be narrowed with filtering by certain requirements based on the target biometric system. See the licensing model for more information on specific license types.