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Sector antenna
Typical GSM sector antenna outdoor unit
A sector antenna is a type of directional microwave antenna with a sector-shaped radiation pattern. The word "sector" is used in the geometric sense; some portion of the circumference of a circle measured in degrees of arc. 60°, 90° and 120° designs are typical, often with a few degrees 'extra' to ensure overlap and mounted in multiples when wider or full-circle coverage is required (see photos below). The largest use of these antennas is as antennas for cell phone base-station sites, they are also used for other types of mobile communications, for example in WiFi networks. They are used for limited-range distances of around 4 to 5 km.
2 Use
Horizontal and vertical radiation patterns. The antenna radiates a horizontal fan-shaped beam, sharp in the vertical axis so it doesn't spill over into neighboring sectors.
A typical sector antenna is depicted in the figure on the right. At the bottom, there are RF connectors for coaxial cable (feedline), and adjustment mechanisms. For its outdoor placement, the main reflector screen is produced from aluminum, and all internal parts are housed into a fiberglass radome enclosure to keep its operation stable regardless of weather conditions.
Grounding is very important for an outdoor antenna so all metal parts are DC-grounded.
The antenna's long narrow form gives it a fan-shaped radiation pattern, wide in the horizontal direction and relatively narrow in the vertical direction. According to the radiation patterns depicted, typical antennas used in a three-sector base station have 66° of horizontal beamwidth; this means that the signal strength at the ±33° directions is half (3 dB down) from its peak value at the center. At the ±60° directions, it is suggested to be a border of a sector and antenna gain is negligible there.
Vertical beamwidth is not wider than 15°, meaning 7.5° in each direction. Unlike antennas for commercial broadcasting - AM, FM and television for example - which must achieve line-of-sight over many miles or kilometers, there is usually a downward beam tilt or downtilt so that the base station can more effectively cover its immediate area and not cause RF interference to distant cells.
The coverage area, which is determined by the projection of the radiation pattern on the ground, can be adjusted by changing the downtilt of the pattern. In some models this is done mechanically by manually adjusting the tilt of the antenna with an adjustable mounting bracket. In more recent sector antennas the pattern can be electronically tilted, by adjustable phase shifters in the feed of the individual dipole elements; these are adjusted by a remote control circuit from the ground, eliminating the need for a technician to climb the antenna tower.
Use[edit]
Sector antennas installed on a short mast
Top of cellular base station tower with sector antennas
Sector antennas are often installed on existing structures.
To increase or widen the coverage area, and thus the number of served clients, several sector antennas are installed on the same supporting structure, e.g. tower or mast.[citation needed]
Such a construction is often called a sectorized antenna, though sometimes for brevity "sector antenna" is used as well. It has several angularly-separated sector antennas as shown on the figures at right.
Once the antenna unit is attached to a supporting structure, it has to be positioned. Positioning means not only setting a correct direction or azimuth, but setting a correct downtilt as well. By restricting emitted energy to a sub-circular arc and narrow vertical coverage the design makes efficient use of relatively low power transmitter equipment. Though absolute range is limited, this configuration allows for good data rates (digital information transfer measured in bits/second, sometimes given as total minus error-correction overhead), and good signal consistency within the coverage area.
Prior to positioning, grounding and lightning protection are required; as seen in the pictures, all supporting constructions have lightning rods.
An antenna at bottom has bigger mechanical downtilt
A well-chosen downtilt setting strategy can lower the overall interference in the network. A too-aggressive downtilting strategy will however lead to an overall loss of coverage due to cells not overlapping. Downtilting can be used to solve specific problems, for example local interference problems or cells that are too large. Electrical tilting slightly reduces beam width.
In a picture on the right, there are two sector antennas with different mechanical downtilts. Note that a more vertical antenna is less visible than a mechanically tilted one - the use of purely electrical tilt with no mechanical tilt is therefore an attractive choice for aesthetic reasons which are very important for operators seeking acceptance of integrated antennas in visible locations.
panel antenna, a similar type used in broadcast engineering
Deploying License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networks by Cisco Press
Antenna Tilt Control in CDMA Networks
P-CPICH Power and Antenna Tilt Optimization in UMTS networks
Antenna types
Isotropic
Isotropic radiator
Batwing antenna
Biconical antenna
Cage aerial
Choke ring antenna
Coaxial antenna
Crossed field antenna
Dielectric resonator antenna
Discone antenna
Folded unipole antenna
Franklin antenna
Ground-plane antenna
Halo antenna
Helical antenna
J-pole antenna
Mast radiator
Monopole antenna
Random wire antenna
Rubber ducky antenna
Turnstile antenna
T2FD antenna
T-antenna
Umbrella antenna
Adcock antenna
AS-2259 Antenna
AWX antenna
Beverage antenna
Cantenna
Cassegrain antenna
Collinear antenna array
Conformal antenna
Corner reflector antenna
Curtain array
Folded inverted conformal antenna
Fractal antenna
G5RV antenna
Gizmotchy
Inverted-F antenna
Inverted vee antenna
Log-periodic antenna
Loop antenna
Microstrip antenna
Moxon antenna
Offset dish antenna
Patch antenna
Phased array
Planar array
Parabolic antenna
Plasma antenna
Quad antenna
Reflective array antenna
Regenerative loop antenna
Rhombic antenna
Short backfire antenna
Sloper antenna
Slot antenna
Sterba antenna
Vivaldi antenna
WokFi
Yagi–Uda antenna
Application-specific
ALLISS
Corner reflector (passive)
Evolved antenna
Ground dipole
Reconfigurable antenna
Reference antenna
Wullenweber
Television antenna
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sector_antenna&oldid=877782562"
Radio frequency antenna types
Antennas (radio)
Articles lacking sources from February 2013
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; the chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. Aluminium is remarkable for its low density and its ability to resist corrosion through the phenomenon of passivation. Aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and important in transportation and building industries, such as building facades and window frames; the oxides and sulfates are the most useful compounds of aluminium. Despite its prevalence in the environment, no known form of life uses aluminium salts metabolically, but aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals; because of these salts' abundance, the potential for a biological role for them is of continuing interest, studies continue.
Of aluminium isotopes, only 27Al is stable. This is consistent with aluminium having an odd atomic number, it is the only aluminium isotope that has existed on Earth in its current form since the creation of the planet. Nearly all the element on Earth is present as this isotope, which makes aluminium a mononuclidic element and means that its standard atomic weight equates to that of the isotope; the standard atomic weight of aluminium is low in comparison with many other metals, which has consequences for the element's properties. All other isotopes of aluminium are radioactive; the most stable of these is 26Al and therefore could not have survived since the formation of the planet. However, 26Al is produced from argon in the atmosphere by spallation caused by cosmic ray protons; the ratio of 26Al to 10Be has been used for radiodating of geological processes over 105 to 106 year time scales, in particular transport, sediment storage, burial times, erosion. Most meteorite scientists believe that the energy released by the decay of 26Al was responsible for the melting and differentiation of some asteroids after their formation 4.55 billion years ago.
The remaining isotopes of aluminium, with mass numbers ranging from 21 to 43, all have half-lives well under an hour. Three metastable states are known, all with half-lives under a minute. An aluminium atom has 13 electrons, arranged in an electron configuration of 3s23p1, with three electrons beyond a stable noble gas configuration. Accordingly, the combined first three ionization energies of aluminium are far lower than the fourth ionization energy alone. Aluminium can easily surrender its three outermost electrons in many chemical reactions; the electronegativity of aluminium is 1.61. A free aluminium atom has a radius of 143 pm. With the three outermost electrons removed, the radius shrinks to 39 pm for a 4-coordinated atom or 53.5 pm for a 6-coordinated atom. At standard temperature and pressure, aluminium atoms form a face-centered cubic crystal system bound by metallic bonding provided by atoms' outermost electrons; this crystal system is shared by some other metals, such as copper. Aluminium metal, when in quantity, is shiny and resembles silver because it preferentially absorbs far ultraviolet radiation while reflecting all visible light so it does not impart any color to reflected light, unlike the reflectance spectra of copper and gold.
Another important characteristic of aluminium is its low density, 2.70 g/cm3. Aluminium is a soft, lightweight and malleable with appearance ranging from silvery to dull gray, depending on the surface roughness, it is nonmagnetic and does not ignite. A fresh film of aluminium serves as a good reflector of visible light and an excellent reflector of medium and far infrared radiation; the yield strength of pure aluminium is 7–11 MPa, while aluminium alloys have yield strengths ranging from 200 MPa to 600 MPa. Aluminium has stiffness of steel, it is machined, cast and extruded. Aluminium atoms are arranged in a face-centered cubic structure. Aluminium has a stacking-fault energy of 200 mJ/m2. Aluminium is a good thermal and electrical conductor, having 59% the conductivity of copper, both thermal and electrical, while having only 30% of copper's density. Aluminium is capable of superconductivity, with a superconducting critical temperature of 1.2 kelvin and a critical magnetic field of about 100 gauss.
Aluminium is the most common material for the fabrication of superconducting qubits. Aluminium's corrosion resistance can be excellent due to a thin surface layer of aluminium oxide that forms when the bare metal is exposed to air preventing further oxidation, in a process termed passivation; the strongest aluminium alloys are less corrosion resistant due to galvanic reactions with alloyed copper. This corrosion resistance is reduced by aqueous salts in the presence of dissimilar metals. In acidic solutions, aluminium reacts with water to form hydrogen, in alkaline ones to form aluminates—protective passivation under these conditions is negligible; because it is corroded by dissolved chlorides, such as common sodium chloride, household plumbing is never made from aluminium. However, because
Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables have an insulating outer sheath or jacket; the term coaxial comes from the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880. Coaxial cable is a type of transmission line, used to carry high frequency electrical signals with low losses, it is used in such applications as telephone trunklines, broadband internet networking cables, high speed computer data busses, carrying cable television signals, connecting radio transmitters and receivers to their antennas. It differs from other shielded cables because the dimensions of the cable and connectors are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, needed for it to function efficiently as a transmission line. Coaxial cable is used as a transmission line for radio frequency signals.
Its applications include feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers to their antennas, computer network connections, digital audio, distribution of cable television signals. One advantage of coaxial over other types of radio transmission line is that in an ideal coaxial cable the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists only in the space between the inner and outer conductors; this allows coaxial cable runs to be installed next to metal objects such as gutters without the power losses that occur in other types of transmission lines. Coaxial cable provides protection of the signal from external electromagnetic interference. Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield one to four layers of woven metallic braid and metallic tape; the cable is protected by an outer insulating jacket. The shield is kept at ground potential and a signal carrying voltage is applied to the center conductor; the advantage of coaxial design is that electric and magnetic fields are restricted to the dielectric with little leakage outside the shield.
Conversely and magnetic fields outside the cable are kept from interfering with signals inside the cable. Larger diameter cables and cables with multiple shields have less leakage; this property makes coaxial cable a good choice for carrying weak signals that cannot tolerate interference from the environment or for stronger electrical signals that must not be allowed to radiate or couple into adjacent structures or circuits. Common applications of coaxial cable include video and CATV distribution, RF and microwave transmission, computer and instrumentation data connections; the characteristic impedance of the cable is determined by the dielectric constant of the inner insulator and the radii of the inner and outer conductors. In radio frequency systems, where the cable length is comparable to the wavelength of the signals transmitted, a uniform cable characteristic impedance is important to minimize loss; the source and load impedances are chosen to match the impedance of the cable to ensure maximum power transfer and minimum standing wave ratio.
Other important properties of coaxial cable include attenuation as a function of frequency, voltage handling capability, shield quality. Coaxial cable design choices affect physical size, frequency performance, power handling capabilities, flexibility and cost; the inner conductor might be stranded. To get better high-frequency performance, the inner conductor may be silver-plated. Copper-plated steel wire is used as an inner conductor for cable used in the cable TV industry; the insulator surrounding the inner conductor may be solid plastic, a foam plastic, or air with spacers supporting the inner wire. The properties of the dielectric insulator determine some of the electrical properties of the cable. A common choice is a solid polyethylene insulator, used in lower-loss cables. Solid Teflon is used as an insulator; some coaxial lines have spacers to keep the inner conductor from touching the shield. Many conventional coaxial cables use braided copper wire forming the shield; this allows the cable to be flexible, but it means there are gaps in the shield layer, the inner dimension of the shield varies because the braid cannot be flat.
Sometimes the braid is silver-plated. For better shield performance, some cables have a double-layer shield; the shield might be just two braids, but it is more common now to have a thin foil shield covered by a wire braid. Some cables may invest in more than two shield layers, such as "quad-shield", which uses four alternating layers of foil and braid. Other shield designs sacrifice flexibility for better performance; those cables cannot be bent as the shield will kink, causing losses in the cable. When a foil shield is used a small wire conductor incorporated into the foil makes soldering the shield termination easier. For high-power radio-frequency transmission up to about 1 GHz, coaxial cable with a solid copper outer conductor is available in sizes of 0.25 inch upward. The outer conductor is corrugated like a bellows to permit flexibility and the inner conductor is held in position by a plastic spiral to approximate an air dielectric. One brand name for such cable is Heliax. Coaxial cables require an internal structure of an insulating material to maintain the spacing between the center conductor and shield.
The diel
A discone antenna is a version of a biconical antenna in which one of the cones is replaced by a disc. It is mounted vertically, with the disc at the top and the cone beneath. Omnidirectional, vertically polarized and with gain similar to a dipole, it is exceptionally wideband, offering a frequency range ratio of up to 10:1; the radiation pattern in the vertical plane is quite narrow, making its sensitivity highest in the direction of the horizon and rather less for signals coming from close by. On February 6, 1945, Armig G. Kandoian of New York City was awarded U. S. patent number 2,368,663 (assignor to Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation for a "broad band antenna", from an application made on May 15, 1943. Excerpt from the Kandoian patent: In keeping with progress made during the last few years in the development of ultra-high frequency radio technique, applications thereof to aircraft communication, direction finding, so forth, it has become necessary to develop special antennas and antenna systems suitable for installation on such aircraft.
Flying conditions are such that these antennas must be small and rigid in their construction and offer a minimum of wind resistance, in order that the flying efficiency of the aircraft will be unimpaired. In accordance with my invention I have provided a small rigid antenna suitable for mounting on the surface of the fuselage or other component of the airplane structure and in certain embodiments I have provided a streamlined protecting shield or housing covering or so cooperating with the construction of the antenna system as to reduce wind resistance; the discone antenna has a useful frequency range of at least 10 to 1. When employed as a transmitting antenna, it is less efficient than an antenna designed for a more limited frequency range. SWR is 1.5:1 or less over several octaves of frequency. A discone antenna consists of three main parts: the disc, the cone, the insulator; the disc: The disc should have an overall diameter of 0.7 times a quarter wavelength of the antenna's lowest frequency.
The antenna's feed point is at the center of the disc. It is fed with 50-ohm coaxial cable, with the center conductor connected to the disc, the outer conductor to the cone; the cone: The length of the cone should be a quarter wavelength of the antenna's lowest operating frequency. The cone angle is from 25 to 40 degrees; the insulator: The disc and cone must be separated by an insulator, the dimensions of which determine some of the antenna's properties on near its high frequency limit. A discone may be made from solid metal sheet, practical for small indoor UHF antennas, such as for Wi-Fi. At lower frequencies a sufficient number of metal wires or rods in a spoke configuration is used to approximate a solid surface; this reduces wind loading. The spokes may be made of stiff wire, brazing rods or coat hanger wire; the optimal number of rods comprising the disc and cone is quoted as being from 8 to 16. The discone's wideband coverage makes it attractive in commercial, amateur radio and radio scanner applications.
The discone's inherently wideband nature permits it to broadcast undesirable spurious emissions from faulty or improperly filtered transmitters. A vertical whip may be affixed to the center of the disc in order to extend the low frequency response, but this may compromise efficiency at higher frequencies. In this configuration, at lower frequencies the discone may more resemble a ground plane antenna or a coaxial dipole. Antenna Antenna types Biconical antenna Very high frequency Ultra high frequency Radio scanner Amateur radio UHF Discone Antenna The Discone Antenna Parabolic Discone Broadband radial discone antenna: Design and measurements Discone antenna basics
A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions allowing increased performance and reduced interference from unwanted sources. Directional antennas provide increased performance over dipole antennas—or omnidirectional antennas in general—when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired. A high-gain antenna is a directional antenna with a narrow radiowave beam width; this narrow beam width allows more precise targeting of the radio signals. Most referred to during space missions, these antennas are in use all over Earth, most in flat, open areas where no mountains lie to disrupt radiowaves. By contrast, a low-gain antenna is an omnidirectional antenna with a broad radiowave beam width, that allows the signal to propagate reasonably well in mountainous regions and is thus more reliable regardless of terrain. Low-gain antennas are used in spacecraft as a backup to the high-gain antenna, which transmits a much narrower beam and is therefore susceptible to loss of signal.
All practical antennas are at least somewhat directional, although only the direction in the plane parallel to the earth is considered, practical antennas can be omnidirectional in one plane. The most common types are the Yagi antenna, the log-periodic antenna, the corner reflector antenna, which are combined and commercially sold as residential TV antennas. Cellular repeaters make use of external directional antennas to give a far greater signal than can be obtained on a standard cell phone. Satellite Television receivers use parabolic antennas. For long and medium wavelength frequencies, tower arrays are used in most cases as directional antennas; when transmitting, a high-gain antenna allows more of the transmitted power to be sent in the direction of the receiver, increasing the received signal strength. When receiving, a high gain antenna captures more of the signal, again increasing signal strength. Due to reciprocity, these two effects are equal—an antenna that makes a transmitted signal 100 times stronger will capture 100 times as much energy as the isotropic antenna when used as a receiving antenna.
As a consequence of their directivity, directional antennas send less signal from directions other than the main beam. This property may be used to reduce interference. There are many ways to make a high-gain antenna. Horn antennas can be constructed with high gain, but are less seen. Still other configurations are possible—the Arecibo Observatory uses a combination of a line feed with an enormous spherical reflector, to achieve high gains at specific frequencies. Antenna gain is quoted with respect to a hypothetical antenna that radiates in all directions, an isotropic radiator; this gain, when measured in decibels, is called dBi. Conservation of energy dictates. For example, if a high gain antenna makes a 1 watt transmitter look like a 100 watt transmitter the beam can cover at most 1⁄100 of the sky. In turn this implies that high-gain antennas must be physically large, since according to the diffraction limit, the narrower the beam desired, the larger the antenna must be. Antenna gain can be measured in dBd, gain in Decibels compared to the maximum intensity direction of a half wave dipole.
In the case of Yagi type aerials this more or less equates to the gain one would expect from the aerial under test minus all its directors and reflector. It is important not to confuse dBd. Gain is dependent on the number of elements and the tuning of those elements. Antennas can be tuned to be resonant over a wider spread of frequencies but, all other things being equal, this will mean the gain of the aerial is lower than one tuned for a single frequency or a group of frequencies. For example, in the case of wideband TV antennas the fall off in gain is large at the bottom of the TV transmitting band. In the UK this bottom third of the TV band is known as group A. Other factors may affect gain such as aperture, efficiency; these factors are easy to improve without adjusting other features of the antennas or coincidentally improved by the same factors that increase directivity, so are not emphasized. High gain antennas are the largest component of deep space probes, the highest gain radio antennas are physically enormous structures, such as the Arecibo Observatory.
The Deep Space Network uses 35 m dishes at about 1 cm wavelengths. This combination gives the antenna gain of about 100,000,000, making the transmitter appear about 100 million times stronger, a receiver about 100 million times more sensitive, provided the target is within the beam; this beam can cover at most one hundred millionth of the sky, so accurate pointing is required. Use of high gain and Millimeter-
A batwing or super turnstile antenna is a type of broadcasting antenna used at VHF and UHF frequencies, named for its distinctive shape which resembles a bat wing or bow tie. Stacked arrays of batwing antennas are used as television broadcasting antennas due to their omnidirectional characteristics. Batwing antennas generate a horizontally polarized signal; the advantage of the "batwing" design for television broadcasting is. It was the first used television broadcasting antenna. Batwing antennas are a specialized type of crossed dipole antenna, a variant of the turnstile antenna. Two pairs of identical vertical batwing-shaped elements are mounted at right angles around a common mast. Element "wings" on opposite sides are fed as a dipole. To generate an omnidirectional pattern, the two dipoles are fed 90° out of phase; the antenna radiates horizontally polarized radiation in the horizontal plane. Each group of four elements at a single level is referred to as a bay; the radiation pattern is close to omnidirectional but has four small lobes in the directions of the four elements.
To reduce power radiated in the unwanted axial directions, in broadcast applications multiple bays fed in phase are stacked vertically with a spacing of one wavelength, to create a collinear array. This generates an omnidirectional radiation pattern with increased horizontal gain, suitable for terrestrial broadcasting; the "batwing" shape of the elements is used because it gives the antenna a wide bandwidth of 20% of operating frequency at a VSWR of 1.1:1. This makes the antenna design suitable for broadcasters who wish to use a single antenna to transmit multiple television signals and thus made the batwing the preferred antenna for lowband TV stations in the early days of broadcast television. Turnstile antenna Y. T. Lo and S. W. Lee "Antenna Handbook" Vol III: Antenna Applications. ISBN V10 0442015941 / ISDN V13 978-0442015947 Markley, Don. "Television antenna systems."'Broadcast Engineering.' 1 Apr 2004. Milligan, Thomas A.'Modern antenna design.' Wiley-IEEE Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-471-45776-3 Sclater, Neil.'Electronics technology handbook.'
McGraw-Hill Professional, 1999. ISBN 0-07-058048-0
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter. Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves. A more common definition in radio engineering is the range between 100 GHz. In all cases, microwaves include the entire SHF band at minimum. Frequencies in the microwave range are referred to by their IEEE radar band designations: S, C, X, Ku, K, or Ka band, or by similar NATO or EU designations; the prefix micro- in microwave is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the micrometer range. Rather, it indicates that microwaves are "small", compared to the radio waves used prior to microwave technology; the boundaries between far infrared, terahertz radiation and ultra-high-frequency radio waves are arbitrary and are used variously between different fields of study. Microwaves travel by line-of-sight. At the high end of the band they are absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, limiting practical communication distances to around a kilometer.
Microwaves are used in modern technology, for example in point-to-point communication links, wireless networks, microwave radio relay networks, radar and spacecraft communication, medical diathermy and cancer treatment, remote sensing, radio astronomy, particle accelerators, industrial heating, collision avoidance systems, garage door openers and keyless entry systems, for cooking food in microwave ovens. Microwaves occupy a place in the electromagnetic spectrum with frequency above ordinary radio waves, below infrared light: In descriptions of the electromagnetic spectrum, some sources classify microwaves as radio waves, a subset of the radio wave band; this is an arbitrary distinction. Microwaves travel by line-of-sight paths. Although at the low end of the band they can pass through building walls enough for useful reception rights of way cleared to the first Fresnel zone are required. Therefore, on the surface of the Earth, microwave communication links are limited by the visual horizon to about 30–40 miles.
Microwaves are absorbed by moisture in the atmosphere, the attenuation increases with frequency, becoming a significant factor at the high end of the band. Beginning at about 40 GHz, atmospheric gases begin to absorb microwaves, so above this frequency microwave transmission is limited to a few kilometers. A spectral band structure causes absorption peaks at specific frequencies. Above 100 GHz, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by Earth's atmosphere is so great that it is in effect opaque, until the atmosphere becomes transparent again in the so-called infrared and optical window frequency ranges. In a microwave beam directed at an angle into the sky, a small amount of the power will be randomly scattered as the beam passes through the troposphere. A sensitive receiver beyond the horizon with a high gain antenna focused on that area of the troposphere can pick up the signal; this technique has been used at frequencies between 0.45 and 5 GHz in tropospheric scatter communication systems to communicate beyond the horizon, at distances up to 300 km.
The short wavelengths of microwaves allow omnidirectional antennas for portable devices to be made small, from 1 to 20 centimeters long, so microwave frequencies are used for wireless devices such as cell phones, cordless phones, wireless LANs access for laptops, Bluetooth earphones. Antennas used include short whip antennas, rubber ducky antennas, sleeve dipoles, patch antennas, the printed circuit inverted F antenna used in cell phones, their short wavelength allows narrow beams of microwaves to be produced by conveniently small high gain antennas from a half meter to 5 meters in diameter. Therefore, beams of microwaves are used for point-to-point communication links, for radar. An advantage of narrow beams is that they don't interfere with nearby equipment using the same frequency, allowing frequency reuse by nearby transmitters. Parabolic antennas are the most used directive antennas at microwave frequencies, but horn antennas, slot antennas and dielectric lens antennas are used. Flat microstrip antennas are being used in consumer devices.
Another directive antenna practical at microwave frequencies is the phased array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which produces a beam which can be electronically steered in different directions. At microwave frequencies, the transmission lines which are used to carry lower frequency radio waves to and from antennas, such as coaxial cable and parallel wire lines, have excessive power losses, so when low attenuation is required microwaves are carried by metal pipes called waveguides. Due to the high cost and maintenance requirements of waveguide runs, in many microwave antennas the output stage of the transmitter or the RF front end of the receiver is located at the antenna; the term microwave has a more technical meaning in electromagnetics and circuit theory. Apparatus and techniques may
In electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic device used to operate the device from a distance wirelessly. For example, in consumer electronics, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance, from a short distance. A remote control is a convenience feature for the user, can allow operation of devices that are out of convenient reach for direct operation of controls. In some cases, remote controls allow a person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach, as when a garage door opener is triggered from outside or when a Digital Light Processing projector, mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level. Early television remote controls used ultrasonic tones. Present-day remote controls are consumer infrared devices which send digitally-coded pulses of infrared radiation to control functions such as power, channels, track change, fan speed, or other features varying from device to device.
Remote controls for these devices are small wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various settings such as television channel, track number, volume. For many devices, the remote control contains all the function controls while the controlled device itself has only a handful of essential primary controls; the remote control code, thus the required remote control device, is specific to a product line, but there are universal remotes, which emulate the remote control made for most major brand devices. Remote control has continually evolved and advanced in the 2000s to include Bluetooth connectivity, motion sensor-enabled capabilities and voice control. In 1894, the first example of wirelessly controlling at a distance was during a demonstration by the British physicist Oliver Lodge, in which he made use of a Branly's coherer to make a mirror galvanometer move a beam of light when an electromagnetic wave was artificially generated; this was further refined by radio innovators Guglielmo Marconi and William Preece, at a demonstration that took place on December 12, 1896, at Toynbee Hall in London, in which they made a bell ring by pushing a button in a box, not connected by any wires.
In 1898 Nikola Tesla filed his patent, U. S. Patent 613,809, named Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles, which he publicly demonstrated by radio-controlling a boat during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden. Tesla called his boat a "teleautomaton". In 1903, Leonardo Torres Quevedo presented the Telekino at the Paris Academy of Science, accompanied by a brief, making an experimental demonstration. At the same time, he obtained a patent in France, Great Britain, the United States; the Telekino consisted of a robot. With the Telekino, Torres-Quevedo laid down modern wireless remote-control operation principles and was a pioneer in the field of remote control. In 1906, in the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Torres demonstrated the invention in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore, he would try to apply the Telekino to projectiles and torpedoes but had to abandon the project for lack of financing. The first remote-controlled model airplane flew in 1932, the use of remote control technology for military purposes was worked intensively during the Second World War, one result of this being the German Wasserfall missile.
By the late 1930s, several radio manufacturers offered remote controls for some of their higher-end models. Most of these were connected to the set being controlled by wires, but the Philco Mystery Control was a battery-operated low-frequency radio transmitter, thus making it the first wireless remote control for a consumer electronics device. Using pulse-count modulation, this was the first digital wireless remote control; the first remote intended to control a television was developed by Zenith Radio Corporation in 1950. The remote, called "Lazy Bones," was connected to the television by a wire. A wireless remote control, the "Flashmatic," was developed in 1955 by Eugene Polley, it worked by shining a beam of light onto one of four photoelectric cells, but the cell did not distinguish between light from the remote and light from other sources. The Flashmatic had to be pointed precisely at one of the sensors in order to work. In 1956, Robert Adler developed "Zenith Space Command," a wireless remote.
It was mechanical and used ultrasound to change the volume. When the user pushed a button on the remote control, it struck a bar and clicked, hence they were called a "clicker," but it sounded like a "clink" and the mechanics were similar to a pluck; each of the four bars emitted a different fundamental frequency with ultrasonic harmonics, circuits in the television detected these sounds and interpreted them as channel-up, channel-down, sound-on/off, power-on/off. The rapid decrease in price of transistors made possible cheaper electronic remotes that contained a piezoelectric crystal, fed by an oscillating electric current at a frequency near or above the upper threshold of human hearing, though still audible to dogs; the receiver contained a microphone attached to a circuit, tuned to the same frequency. Some problems with this method were that the receiver could be triggered accidentally by occurring noises or deliberately by metal against glass, for example, some people could hear the lower ultrasonic harmonics.
The impetus for a more complex type of television remote control came in 1973, with the development of the Ceefax teletext service by the BBC. Most commercial remote controls at that tim
Directional antenna [videos]
A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions allowing increased performance and reduced interference from unwanted sources. Directional antennas provide increased performance over dipole antennas—or omnidirectional antennas in …
A multi-element, log-periodic dipole array
Image: LPDA large
Microwave [videos]
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves; the above broad definition includes both UHF and EHF …
A telecommunications tower with a variety of dish antennas for microwave relay links on Frazier Peak, Ventura County, California. The apertures of the dishes are covered by plastic sheets (radomes) to keep out moisture.
The parabolic antenna (lower curved surface) of an ASR-9 airport surveillance radar which radiates a narrow vertical fan-shaped beam of 2.7–2.9 GHz (S band) microwaves to locate aircraft in the airspace surrounding an airport.
Some of the dish antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) a radio telescope located in northern Chile. It receives microwaves in the millimeter wave range, 31 – 1000 GHz.
Small microwave oven on a kitchen counter
Antenna (radio) [videos]
In radio engineering, an antenna is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna …
Antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter submillimeter Array.
Whip antenna on car, common example of an omnidirectional antenna
Half-wave dipole antenna
Diagram of the electric fields (blue) and magnetic fields (red) radiated by a dipole antenna (black rods) during transmission.
Mobile phone [videos]
A mobile phone, cell phone, cellphone, or hand phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell or just phone, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a …
Evolution of mobile phones, to an early smartphone
Martin Cooper of Motorola made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973. This is a reenactment in 2007.
The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. First commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone, 1984.
Typical mobile phone mini-SIM card.
Cell site [videos]
A cell site, cell tower, or cellular base station is a cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennae and electronic communications equipment are placed — typically on a radio mast, tower, or other raised structure — to create a cell in a cellular network. The raised …
Mobile phone towers in Jalalpur Jattan, Pakistan
Cell tower from Deutsche Telekom on top of a building in Karlsruhe, Germany
Indoor Cell Site from Deutsche Telekom in Germany
A short-mast cell site on top of a mountain in Wyoming, USA
Mobile telephony [videos]
Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Mobile phones connect to a terrestrial cellular network of base stations, whereas satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites. Both networks are …
Mobile phone tower
This Railfone found on some Amtrak trains in North America uses cellular technology.
Cellular phones allow people to communicate from almost anywhere at their leisure.
Cellular antenna disguised to look like a tree
Wi-Fi [videos]
Wi-Fi is technology for radio wireless local area networking of devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi‑Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that successfully complete, then after many years of testing the 802.11 …
A Japanese sticker indicating to the public that a location is within range of a Wi-Fi network. A dot with curved lines radiating from it is a common symbol for Wi-Fi, representing a point transmitting a signal.
An outdoor Wi-Fi access point
A keychain-size Wi-Fi detector
Coaxial cable [videos]
Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor …
Cross-sectional view of a coaxial cable
Oliver Heaviside invented coaxial cable in 1880
A male F-type connector used with common RG-6 cable
A male N-type connector
Aluminium [videos]
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most …
Etched surface from a high purity (99.9998%) aluminium bar, size 55×37 mm
1897 American advertisement featuring the aluminum spelling
Aluminium-bodied Austin A40 Sports (c. 1951)
Aluminium can
Radome [videos]
A radome is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar antenna. The radome is constructed of material that minimally attenuates the electromagnetic signal transmitted or received by the antenna, effectively transparent to radio waves …
Geodesic radomes at the Misawa Security Operations Center, Misawa, Japan
A Boeing E-3 Sentry, showing its rotodome mounted above the fuselage
One of the first radomes. The radome (top) covers the H2S radar system rotating antenna (bottom) on a Halifax bomber
A yacht fitted with small KNS tracking dishes for SES Broadband for Maritime, protected by radomes
Ground (electricity) [videos]
In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the earth. — Electrical circuits may be connected to ground for several reasons. Exposed …
A typical earthing electrode (left of gray pipe), consisting of a conductive rod driven into the ground, at a home in Australia. Most electrical codes specify that the insulation on protective earthing conductors must be a distinctive color (or color combination) not used for any other purpose.
Metal water pipe used as grounding electrode
Busbars are used for ground conductors in high-current circuits.
3 ply static dissipative vinyl grounding mat shown at macro scale
Remote control [videos]
In electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic device used to operate the device from a distance, usually wirelessly. For example, in consumer electronics, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance, from a short …
Macintosh TV remote next to Apple's 4th generation Apple TV remote
An air conditioning unit remote control
SABA corded TV remote
The Zenith Space Commander Six hundred remote control
Radio masts and towers [videos]
Radio masts and towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the …
Masts of the Rugby VLF transmitter near Rugby, England
The Tokyo Skytree, the tallest freestanding tower in the world, in 2012
A radio mast base showing how virtually all lateral support is provided by the guy-wires
Typical 200 foot (61 m) triangular guyed lattice mast of an AM radio station in Mount Vernon, Washington, US
Lightning rod [videos]
A lightning rod or lightning conductor is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it will preferentially strike the rod and be conducted to ground through a wire, instead of passing through …
Nevyansk Tower in Russia crowned with a metallic rod grounded through a complex system of rebars (some are seen at the basement)
"Machina meteorologica" invented by Diviš worked like a lightning rod
Franklin's earliest papers on electricity
Lightning rod on a statue.
Dipole antenna [videos]
In radio and telecommunications a dipole antenna or doublet is the simplest and most widely used class of antenna. The dipole is any one of a class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of an elementary electric dipole with a radiating structure supporting a line current so …
Dipole antenna used by the radar altimeter in an airplane
Cage dipole antennas in the Ukrainian UTR-2 radio telescope. The 8 m by 1.8 m diameter galvanized steel wire dipoles have a bandwidth of 8–33 MHz.
"Rabbit-ears" VHF television antenna (the small loop is a separate UHF antenna).
Omnidirectional antenna [videos]
In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which radiates equal radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis, with power varying with angle to the axis, declining to zero on the axis. When graphed in three dimensions …
Example of omnidirectional antenna; a whip antenna on a walkie-talkie
Radiation pattern of a 3λ/2 monopole antenna. Although the radiation of an omnidirectional antenna is symmetrical in azmuthal directions, it may vary in a complicated way with elevation angle, having lobes and nulls at different angles.
Vertical polarized VHF-UHF biconical antenna 170–1100 MHz with omnidirectional H-plane pattern
Discone antenna [videos]
A discone antenna is a version of a biconical antenna in which one of the cones is replaced by a disc. It is usually mounted vertically, with the disc at the top and the cone beneath. — Omnidirectional, vertically polarized and with gain similar to a dipole, it is exceptionally wideband, offering a …
Mounted discone antenna designed for VHF and UHF coverage.
Discone made of solid copper sheets, theoretically covering 700MHz to 2GHz.
Drawing of dimensions
Biconical antenna [videos]
In radio systems, a biconical antenna is a broad-bandwidth antenna made of two roughly conical conductive objects, nearly touching at their points.Biconical antennas are broadband dipole antennas, typically exhibiting a bandwidth of three octaves or more. A common subtype is the bowtie antenna …
Small biconical microwave antennas (up: 1–18 GHz, down: 0.5–3 GHz)
DIY DVB-T butterfly antenna, applicable in the so-called core area
Radiation pattern [videos]
In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern refers to the directional dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other source.Particularly in the fields of fiber optics, lasers, and integrated optics, the term …
Three-dimensional antenna radiation patterns. The radial distance from the origin in any direction represents the strength of radiation emitted in that direction. The top shows the directive pattern of a horn antenna, the bottom shows the omnidirectional pattern of a simple vertical antenna.
RF connector [videos]
A coaxial RF connector is an electrical connector designed to work at radio frequencies in the multi-megahertz range. — RF connectors are typically used with coaxial cables and are designed to maintain the shielding that the coaxial design offers. Better models also …
A type N coaxial RF connector (male)
Ground plane [videos]
In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground. The term has two different meanings in separate areas of electrical engineering. In antenna theory, a ground plane is a conducting surface large in comparison to the …
The large light areas on this printed circuit board are the ground plane
Fiberglass [videos]
Fiberglass or fibreglass is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet, or woven into a fabric. The plastic matrix may be a thermoset polymer matrix—most often based on …
Glass reinforcements used for fiberglass are supplied in different physical forms, microspheres, chopped or woven.
Direct current [videos]
Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. A battery is a good example of a DC power supply. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric …
Image: Brush central power station dynamos New York 1881
Beamwidth [videos]
In a radio antenna pattern, the half power beam width is the angle between the half-power points of the main lobe, when referenced to the peak effective radiated power of the main lobe. See beam diameter. — Beamwidth is usually but not always expressed in degrees and for the horizontal plane …
A 'polar' diagram showing beamwidth
Line-of-sight propagation [videos]
Line-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves travel in a direct path from the source to the receiver. Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling in a straight line. The rays or waves may be …
Line of sight propagation to an antenna
Beam tilt [videos]
Beam tilt is used in radio to aim the main lobe of the vertical plane radiation pattern of an antenna below the horizontal plane. — The simplest way is mechanical beam tilt, where the antenna is physically mounted in such a manner as to lower the angle of the signal on one side. However …
Horizontal and vertical radiation patterns, the latter with a pronounced downward beam tilt
Azimuth [videos]
An azimuth is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. The vector from an observer to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane; the angle between …
A standard Brunton Geo compass, commonly used by geologists and surveyors to measure azimuth
Panel antenna [videos]
A panel antenna, in its simplest form, consists of a dipole placed ahead of a flat-panel reflector. — Frequencies — Panel antennas are common at Ultra high frequency frequencies, where they are often used for cellular/mobile base stations or wireless networking due to their size and …
A simple panel antenna mounted on a light pole
Isotropic radiator [videos]
An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of electromagnetic or sound waves which radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions. It has no preferred direction of radiation. It radiates uniformly in all directions over a sphere centred on the source. Isotropic radiators are …
A depiction of an isotropic radiator of sound, published in Popular Science Monthly in 1878. Note how the rings are even and of the same width all the way around each circle, though they fade as they move away from the source.
Batwing antenna [videos]
A batwing or super turnstile antenna is a type of broadcasting antenna used at VHF and UHF frequencies, named for its distinctive shape which resembles a bat wing or bow tie. Stacked arrays of batwing antennas are used as television broadcasting antennas due to their omnidirectional …
Four-bay super turnstile television broadcasting antenna at Muehlacker television transmitter, Germany
Choke ring antenna [videos]
A choke ring antenna is a particular form of omnidirectional antenna for use at high frequencies. It consists of a number of conductive concentric cylinders around a central antenna. Due to its delicate construction, it is often enclosed in a protective cover or radome when placed outside and …
Choke ring antenna at a DGPS Reference Station
Crossed field antenna [videos]
A crossed field antenna, or CFA, is a controversial type of radio antenna for long and mediumwave broadcasting, patented by F. M. Kabbary and M. C. Hately in 1986, which was claimed to have the same efficiency as a conventional antenna but only one-tenth the overall height. The invention was …
Crossed field test antenna installed in Silsden, U.K.
Pour le Mérite [videos]
The Pour le Mérite is an order of merit established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. The Pour le Mérite was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of …
"The Red Baron" Manfred von Richthofen wears "the Blue Max."
James J. Sheehan wearing his Pour le Merite in 2014
Image: Blue Max
Image: PL Meichenlaub
Lille [videos]
Lille is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders. On the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region, the prefecture of the Nord department, and …
Lille city centre.
The 'Vieille Bourse' on the 'Grand Place'
Entrance to the 'Vauban Citadel' (17th century)
The black dots around the windows (not the decorative cartouches) are Austrian cannonballs lodged in the façade.


The Astondoa 655 Coupe is the " firstborn" of the range Coupe of the shipyard, which made its debut in the 2017 edition of Cannes Yachting Festival.
This model reflects the shipyard's desire to evolve and surprise with its designs and is designed for lovers of sailing who want to live more daring emotions and sailing experiences. Highlights the inverted tilt bow, as well as the fully glazed superstructure, the stairs leading to the upper solarium, or the stern, staggered keeping the style of the large boats.
The 655 Coupe mix its sporty style, based on clean lines that mark its exterior design and an aesthetic of its cabin also very sporty, with the spirit of the Astondoa boats of high range, which is reflected in the quality of material.
One of the characteristics of this boat is its living space, with three areas to enjoy outdoor leisure. This boat has a capacity of up to 18 passengers on board. The interior of the 655 Coupe is very large and has been designed to offer maximum habitability. The main deck, the inner lounge and the bathtub are connected. On the lower deck, the cabin has been designed as a superstructure made of aluminium, with capacity for 6, in addition to a crew. In prow, the VIP cabin is located, next to the kitchen the guest cabin with two single beds, and half-length the cabin for use exclusively for the ship-owner.
The 655 Coupe is powered by 2 VOLVO PENTA IPS 1350 HP engines, which allow the boat to move at a maximum speed of 31/33 knots, or to a 25-knot cruise regime. Optionally, can be installed MAN V8-1200 engines.


Posted by FTR ⋅ July 5, 2005Post a comment Email This Post Print This Post Tweet This!
Written in riveting fashion by the coauthors of The Secret War Against the Jews, Unnholy Trinity tells one of the darkest tales of World War II. After the war had ended, fearing a surge of Soviet growth, the Papacy entered into an espionage alliance with British and American intelligence agents. Subsuming justice to the nascent Cold War ideology, these three powers ferreted Nazi criminals out of Europe so that they could be used in the supposedly greater fight against Communism. The Vatican's Nazi smuggling network was penetrated by Prince Anton Turkul, the great Soviet double agent who turned the operations into a sting for his masters in the Kremlin. Unholy Trinity exposes Turkul's "Red Nazi" operation for the first time and shows how Kim Philby, the infamous British-Soviet double agent, and his network were nearly sacrificed to preserve Turkul's Vatican operation.
Exploring the Vatican's role in aiding Nazi criminals to escape punishment for their crimes, this book, originally published in 1991, first revealed the Vatican—Swiss bank connection to Nazi gold and documented the hidden links to Western investors in Nazi Germany. Since 1991, major revelations about the role of Swiss banks have confirmed Unholy Trinity's expose of the flight of the Nazi's stolen treasures; the new introduction and new final chapters, written by Aarons and Loftus for this edition, bring the book completely up to date and show how the media have missed the vital Vatican connection in the Swiss-bank story. Among other things, the authors demonstrage that U.S. and British code-breakers were fully aware of the Holocaust as early as 1941 but lied to the Western press; that the code-breakers bugged the Swiss banks and then buried secrets of Nazi gold transfers to protect U.S. intelligence chief Allen Dulles; and that the Australian, British, and Canadian governments are still waging a campaign to keep their citizens ignorant about the Nazi war criminals living among them.
Covering all these topics and more, Unholy Trinity is the definitive history of a series of profoundly disturbing cover-ups involing the Holy See, Allen Dulles, the Swiss banks, and the remnants of the Third Reich.
THIS BOOK IS IN PRINT.
Available commercially. Find out more about John Loftus.


"Scottish businesses are looking for a pragmatic and unified approach to be taken on the terms of the Brexit negotiations to reassure our members and protect Scottish exports currently sold in the EU.
"Business is looking for the Scottish & UK Governments to make sure there is a balance between the need to address Brexit issues and taking action on domestic areas. The UK Government must unlock investment by taking an urgent decision on airport expansion in London and tackle business costs by considering reductions in National Insurance Contributions and VAT.


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Studies showed that gender inequality is the root cause of domestic violence in families in Vietnam.
According to the Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism's report, the figure of domestic violence from 2012 to 2017 was 139,395 cases.
The Ministry reported that cases of domestic violence declined; for instance, from 2008 to 2011, there were around 152,873 cases of domestic violence.
There are many types of domestic violence, including social, physical, sexual and emotional. Of 139,395 cases of domestic violence, physical violence has 69,133 cases; emotional violence of 51,227; economical violence of 14, 331 and sexual 4,338. Worse, in some localities, children are abused by relatives.
As per the report of the Ministry of Public Security's Criminal Department, from 30 to 110 kids in 28 cities and provinces were abused by step- fathers or cousins in 2016 and 2017 making up 21.3 percent.
People's low awareness of law and gender inequality result in rise of cases of domestic violence. Plus, the community, government and unions do not pay enough attention to the problem considering it is as personal issue of each family. Government only intervenes when crime happens.
Form of violence usually occurs along economic parallels and social evils such as alcohol addiction and gambling.
Ministries admitted that measures against domestic violence and protection of victims are not effective and figure released by related agencies are not reliable; accordingly, it is hard to predict and put forward good measures while implementing regulations.
There has been a big difference between Supreme People Court's report and the Ministry. For instance, according to the Ministry, during 2008-2017, the country had 292,268 cases of domestic violence, just one third of the Supreme People Court's figure.


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The DisInsider > Disney Live-Action > Jet Li And Gong Li Join Live-Action MULAN Remake!
Jet Li And Gong Li Join Live-Action MULAN Remake!
Skyler Shuler on April 12, 2018
Disney is quickly putting the final touches on its cast for their live-action adaptation of Mulan. As its being reported that martial arts legend Jet Li and longtime actress Gong Li are in talks to join the cast.
Li is in final talks to play the emperor of China, who orders the mobilization of troops via the conscription of one male from each household. The titular heroine, Hua Mulan (Liu Yifei), disguises herself as a man in order to spare her elderly father from having to join the military.
Meanwhile, Gong Li is confirmed as the villain of Mulan, a powerful witch (this appears to be a departure from Disney's 1998 animated version, in which the primary antagonist was Shan Yu, leader of the invading Huns).
Also joining the cast is Chinese-Vietnamese actress Xana Tang, who will play Mulan's sister (another original character for the live-action film).
The film stars Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also known as Crystal Liu as the title character of Mulan and recently announced martial arts superstar Donnie Yen as Commander Tung, a mentor and teacher to Mulan. The film will be directed by Niki Caro, Which will begin production this August in China, New Zealand, and Australia.
Disney's live-action remakes have grossed over $4.5 billion at the worldwide box so far, and will look to continue that success with Mulan, and remakes of Dumbo, Aladdin, The Lion King, Sword In The Stone, Lady In The Tramp, Peter Pan, And The Little Mermaid all in active production and/or development.
Disney's Mulan will hit theaters on March 27, 2020.
Gong Li · Jet Li · Mulan · Remake
Pingback: Tre new entry nel cast del remake live action di Mulan!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » MOBILE STUFF ONLINE » Reliance Digital's first flagship experience store opened in New Delhi
Reliance Digital's first flagship experience store opened in New Delhi
Reliance Digital, India's top consumer electronics retailer, has opened an experience flagship store in New Delhi South Ex-II. The Reliance Digital South Ex-II store, which is stretched across four expansive floors, offers the widest choice of electronic products, such as smartphones, televisions, etc., as well as a wealth of personalized services that are intended to take customers' shopping experience to a whole new level.
Bollywood actress Janhvi Kapoor and Brian Bade, Chief Executive, Reliance Digital, officially opened the first-of-its-kind store. Furthermore, Reliance Digital has offered certain first-time deals for customers who shop at this new flagship store.
Highlights of the Reliance Digital South Ex-II store:
On the ground level, there is a laptop area with many computers from different brands; a TV area with many TVs from different brands and price points; and a full-fledged gaming area where visitors may play their favourite games before buying them.
Additionally, there is a Laser TV zone that is the first of its kind and a unique lifestyle area by Samsung with ultra-premium product displays, allowing customers to interact with the products. The New Zone, which features an eye-catching product display system, is another area set aside for the introduction of cutting-edge technological products.
Laser TV zone
A smart-home experience zone, a mobile experience zone, and a power-packed audio zone are all located on the first floor. The mobile experience zone offers a variety of phones catering to every customer segment. The audio zone also features top-of-the-line audio devices, including music systems, sound systems, and headphones from leading brands.
smart-home experience zone
Home appliances from leading manufacturers, including kitchenware, refrigerators, washing machines, and cleaning equipment, are located on the third and fourth floors.
Hey Delhi, we've got some great news for you. A landmark of the future is now in your city! Visit Reliance Digital South Ex – a first of its kind Tech Experiential Flagship Store at South Ex-II on 29th July 5 PM onwards to discover #MyKindOfTech! pic.twitter.com/gUQYQEWswq
— Reliance Digital (@RelianceDigital) July 28, 2022
Inaugural Offer:
During the launch period, clients may take advantage of enticing offers such as a 5% initial discount on all banks' credit cards, as well as guaranteed gifts and freebies with every transaction.
Every day, the top shopper will receive an iPhone 12. Other tempting offers include the iPhone 13 for Rs. 59,900, the 65 UHD Android TV for Rs. 49,990, the gaming laptop for Rs. 49,990, and a free 13-place dishwasher with the purchase of a side-by-side refrigerator. These offers are only valid till August 1st.
Regarding the new store at New Delhi, Mr. Brian Bade, Chief Executive, Reliance Digital said,
The Reliance Digital South Extension – II store is exclusive and special in more ways than one. It is not just an electronics store, but an embodiment of our commitment to offer our customers the finest in the world of technology in a sophisticated and delightful environment. Because ultimately, it is not just about buying a product, but experiencing it to the core.
Click Here for the directions to this new store on Google Maps.
What do Big Tech earnings tell us about the health of consumer demand? – TechCrunch
Equal Ventures has a new pair of funds, filings show – TechCrunch


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Q: Alternative solution for multiple LIKE I'm trying to make multiple like in the clause like this code but I need to shorten it because I have to repeat this code for several different conditions to create different tables. I have tried all of the solutions from here but somehow none of this works for me. I have also tried LIKE '[40101,40102,40104]%' and  LIKE '[40101-40102-40104]%' but it did not work too. What should I do?
SELECT *
 from table
 WHERE column LIKE '40101%'
    OR column LIKE '40102%'
    OR column LIKE '40105%'

A: For these patterns you can use:
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column LIKE '4010[125]%'

SQL Server modestly extends LIKE patterns to include character matching.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Best Recurve Bows | My Top Three Choice.
Top three Best Recurve Bows.
1 Top three Best Recurve Bows.
Hello, friends welcome to my site, where I review best recurve bows for my reader. I guaranteed that you should find your best recurve bow today. Also, I have a page for giving you best buying guide for best recurve bows. Today I gathered my top three recurve bows. Then gather lots of data by researching online and offline. Below I start presenting from First best recurve bow, and I will end my post with the third best recurve bow.
Select a best recurve bow, not an easy task. Before purchasing, you have known the complete details about the bow. You are going to invest in a bow that would be your lifetime property. So keep it mind that you are going to spend in a recurve bow rather than purchase it. Always try to focus on quality over quantity. So now I review top three recurve bows.
Best Recurve Bow | Longbow makes Hungarian Style Handmade Longbow Flagella Recurve Horsebow Archery 20-110LBS H1. This is the first best recurve bow for me. I like traditional looking recurve bows. You are like a traditional recurve bow, which is longbow and it is handmade, this the first choice of recurve bow. You will get a maximum draw length, and you can choose arrows that you like. It is unyielding; well build recurve bow but easy to use and little bit lightweight bow. • A lot of option are available, from 20 pounds to 110 pounds. Every 5-pound addition is available from 20 to 110 lbs. They make their recurve bows for all type of persons. This is a great idea, buy a lower weight model and increase it day by day. You do not have to habituate with a difference model. But my passion is purchase variety of recurve bows in every month or month after month. The bow body length: 145cm; String Length:131cm, Which perfects for an excellent archer.
The draw length is 28 inches, and the safe draw is approximately 33 inches. Arrow length is little bit depend on draw length. You have to choose some best quality arrows, and handmade arrows should be the best fit with the recurve bow. • Longbow makes a well-repeated company for making tradition looking handmade best recurve bows. You can easily go with this recurve bow. The best bow for me. They care for clients and understand their quarries. Sometimes they should make unique recurve bow as per your requirements, but you have to spend the little bit more that the actual price. It is a handmade bow, when you purchase it from amazon.com, they will send the product within 7-14 business days. Please provide your phone number when online purchase.
Available in various weight model.
For hunting and target practice.
It comes without a quiver.
This bow has 82 happy customers reviews with good ratings. Average 4.8 rating out of 5.0. I never review any harmful products on my site. I am an active user of the recurve bow. From last four years, I used lots of bows. I have a good understanding of which bow is good and which is not. So you can depend on my review or only go to amazon.com for read customers reviews. It is a best recurve bow. So let's discuss now my second choice. This is SAS Spirit 62″ Take Down Recurve Bow. The another best recurve bow, I using. This is an entirely modern bow. Riser and limbs can be separate manually. The package includes only riser, limbs and string. If you do not have starter package, please buy it separately. Just choose the draw weight you are able. The hashtag represents the pounds. 22# mean 22 pounds and 24# say 24 pounds. Why I like and why it is my another best recurve bow, I explain below.
I research online and offline before buying this bow. I collect a big customer database from my nearest shop. I spend money on getting it. Then I surveyed all the people in my database about this bow. Most clients are happy with the bow. The bow is available from 22 pounds to 36 pounds. You can easily choose your favorite one. The lightweight bow fulfills most of the client's needs. It is available in both handed model. Right handed and left handed. Do you know, right handed bow is from your left hand and left handed bow is for your right hand.
By which hand, you pull the bow, choose this model. This bow is made from best quality maple wood, and it is laminated. This bow is perfect for persons have a height up to 5'7". Also, it is a recommended recurve bow for the beginner shooter. Southland Archery Supply is the manufacturer of the bow. They provide a three years of warranty. Also, they have a repeated customer support.
Perfect girl and boy recurve bow.
without any gift like arrow rest or target. Most of the customers are happy with the recurve bow. 71 Customers write their reviews on amazon.com. 4.4 out of 5.0 rating. You know that I like products with the higher score than 4.0 on amazon.com. A fashionable recurves bow that able to provide good feelings for the customers. You can purchase the recurve bow quickly. Also, read the best recurve bows reviews from amazon.com.
Samick Journey 64″ Takedown Bow is unique for me. You want a recurve bow that may fits in all place, then you have to buy it. Each and every part they make exclusively. Samick is a well-known recurve bow manufacturer. People blindly depend on sacks product. So all buyers are happy. They find their best recurve bow. I purchase it from amazon.com. Good support and fast delivery impress me a lot. Pre-installed Brass Bushings is coming with the recurve bow; it uses for Brass Plunger. The best quality Stabilizer and Sight/Quiver is with the recurve bow.
B-50 Bow String and Arrow Rest is a gift with this recurve bow. So lots of things with the bow. This is a pocket-friendly recurve bow. The B-50 string is a premium string. You can use a stringer tool for this bow, and string down when you do not use the bow for a long time. Please apply a layer of string wax before string-down. Limbs are easily attachable with the riser with a single tapered knob. It easily fit with the riser by the metal limb pocket. Limbs are made of hard maple and coated with black fiberglass. Limbs have been made longer to produce a 64″ recurve. This recurves bow is only available two weight- 30 pound and 50 pounds. Only right handed model. I describe above about right-handed recurve bow.
Come with some quality gifts.
Limbs pocket and reattach able.
For extra tall persons also.
Only two sizes were available.
I found this recurve a perfect choice. A lot of amazon.com customers are happy with the bow. Forty buyers and 4.9 rating out of 5.0. You can choose the bow if you are tall enough. I always review good products that I discovered online, offline. I am an active user of 50% recurve bows of my site. So you can depend on my review. But not recommend you to believe me blindly. Please, the reviews from amazon.com.
So thank you, friends, for stay with me. In next time, I will write some best buying guide for you. In future, you do not have to purchase a single recurve bow that has some negative points. Thank you a lot.
← Best Recurve Bow | Huntingdoor Black Recurve Bow.


text:
Dr Evangeline Mantzioris
Program Director: Nutrition and Food Sciences UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences
City East Campus (P1-22)
tel +61 8 830 22574
fax +61 8 830 22389
email Evangeline.Mantzioris@unisa.edu.au
Available for media comment
External engagement & recognition
Nutrition & Sports Nutrition
Environment-Nutrition Nexus
Nutrition Communication
Fats and fatty acids
Evangeline is the Program Director of the Nutrition and Food Sciences Degree. She is an Accredited Practicing Dietitian (APD) and Sports Dietitian (AccSD), and has experience in clinical dietetics and clinical teaching at major Adelaide teaching hospitals and in private practice.
Evangeline is passionate about communicating nutritional science to the public and has been invited to talk at WOMADelaide, Australian Society for Medical Research Public Dinner and Tasting Australia. She is an author and contributor to The Conversation.
Evangeline's research interests include: omega-3 fatty acids; Mediterranean Diet and the environment-food nexus.
Follow on Twitter EvangelineMantzioris @EMantzioris
UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences
UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences is addressing society's most critical and emerging health needs through quality teaching, learning and research excellence.
Dietitians Association of Australia - Accredited Dietitian/Nutritionist
Sports Dietitian of Australia - Accredited Sports Dietitian
Higher Education Research Group of Adelaide
School Canteens and Healthy Guidelines - Live at the Desk Channel 9 News, https://www.facebook.com/9NewsAdelaide/videos/1727854764185152/UzpfSTIxMTgwNjEyOTAxODY2OTo3MTk2MzY0NjQ5MDIyOTc/
Expert opinion from nutritionist on peanuts, https://www.facebook.com/9NewsAdelaide/videos/1581131252190838/
The 6 most wacky diets ever, http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/messenger/city/are-these-the-6-most-weird-and-wacky-diets-ever-freelee-the-banana-girls-menu-makes-our-list/news-story/56ac156b61f8188b3625e6e0e3678054
Nourishing Sacred Food - Body and Soul, http://historyfestival.sa.gov.au/content/nourishing-sacred-food-body-and-soul
Women Rule the Kitchen at Tasting Australia, http://www.tastingaustralia.com.au/en/news/2016/may/07/women-rule-the-kitchen-at-tasting-australia
RiAus - Pat Jonker and The Science of Cycling, https://riaus.tv/tags/evangeline-mantzioris
Nourish Festival, https://nourishfestival2015.sched.org/speaker/evangelinemantzioris
ASMR Public Dinner, https://www.facebook.com/CNRCAdelaide/posts/773120779477814
WOMADelaide - Planet Talk Workshops, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSizCbnciVw
Adelaide Review - Heavy Burden of Food Waste, http://adelaidereview.com.au/features/heavy-burden-of-food-waste/
Expert opinion on Purple carrots, http://www.todaytonightadelaide.com.au/stories/purple-carrots
Doctor of Philosophy Flinders University of SA
Graduate Certificate in Education (Academic Practice) University of South Australia
Bachelor of Science University of Adelaide
Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics Flinders University of SA
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Crop and Pasture Production
Fatty Acids - omega-3 & omega-6
Excludes commercial-in-confidence projects.
Research since 2008 is shown below. To see earlier years visit ORCID, ResearcherID or Scopus
Open access indicates that an output is open access.
Belski, R, Forsyth, A & Mantzioris, E 2019, Nutrition for sport, exercise and performance: a practical guide for students, sports enthusiasts and professionals, Allen & Unwin, Australia.
Villani, A, Sultana, J, Doecke, J & Mantzioris, E 2019, 'Differences in the interpretation of a modernized Mediterranean diet prescribed in intervention studies for the management of type 2 diabetes: how closely does this align with a traditional Mediterranean diet?', European Journal of Nutrition, vol, 58, no. 4, pp. 1369–1380.
Open access 7 7 14
Wood, K, Mantzioris, E, Gibson, R, Ramsden, C & Muhlhausler, B 2015, 'The effect of modifying dietary LA and ALA intakes on omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3LCPUFA) status in human adults : a systematic review and commentary', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 95, pp. 47-55.
Open access 40 38 10
Ward, JD, Ward, PJ, Mantzioris, E & Saint, C 2014, 'Optimising diet decisions and urban agriculture using linear programming', Food Security, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 701-718.
Wood, K, Lau, A, Mantzioris, E, Gibson, R, Ramsden, C & Muhlhausler, B 2014, 'A low omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) diet increases omega-3 (n-3) long chain PUFA status in plasma phospholipids in humans', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 133-138.
Mantzioris, E 2019, 'Macronutrients', in R Belski, A Forsyth & E Mantzioris (eds), Nutrition for sport, exercise and performance: a practical guide for students, sports enthusiasts and professionals, Allen & Unwin, Australia, ch. 4.
Siu, FPL & Mantzioris, E 2019, 'Cultural perspectives', in R Belski, A Forsyth & E Mantzioris (eds), Nutrition for sport, exercise and performance: a practical guide for students, sports enthusiasts and professionals, Allen & Unwin, Australia, ch. 25.
Wilson, N, Mantzioris, E, Middleton, P & Muhlhausler, B 2020, 'Influence of clinical characteristics on maternal DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy: a systematic review', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 154, article no. 102063, pp. 1-9.
Bergamin, A, Mantzioris, E, Cross, G, Deo, P, Garg, S & Hill, AM 2019, 'Nutraceuticals: reviewing their role in chronic disease prevention', Pharmaceutical Medicine, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 291-309.
Flies, EJ, Mavoa, S, Zosky, GR, Mantzioris, E, Williams, C, Eri, R, Brook, BW & Buettel, JC 2019, 'Urban-associated diseases: candidate diseases, environmental risk factors, and a path forward', Environment International: A Journal of Environmental Science, Risk & Health, vol. 133, article no. 105187, pp. 1-12.
Open access 11 7 15
Mantzioris, E & Villani, A 2019, 'Translation of a Mediterranean-style diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: a nutritional, ecological and environmental perspective', Nutrients, vol.11, no. 10, article no. 2507, pp. 1-17.
Wilson, N, Mantzioris, E, Middleton, P & Muhlhausler, B 2019, 'Influence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic characteristics on maternal DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy: a systematic review', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 152, article no.102037 pp. 1-11.
Open access 1 1 2
Wilson, NA, Mantzioris, E, Middleton, PT & Muhlhausler, BS 2019, 'Gestational age and maternal status of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy: A systematic review', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 144, pp. 16-31.
Pollard, G, Roetman, P, Ward, J, Chiera, B & Mantzioris, E 2018, 'Beyond productivity: considering the health, social value and happiness of home and community food gardens', Urban Science, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1-16.
Wood, K, Mantzioris, E, Lingwood, B, Couper, J, Makrides, M, Gibson, R & Muhlhausler, S 2018, 'The effect of maternal DHA supplementation on body fat mass in children at 7 years: Follow-up of the DOMInO randomized controlled trial', Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 139, pp. 49-54.
Ward, J, Ward, P, Saint, CP & Mantzioris, E 2014, 'The urban agriculture revolution: implications for water use in cities', Water: Journal of the Australian Water Association, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 69-74.
Mantzioris, E & Kehrwald, B 2013, 'Allocation of tertiary students for group work: methods and consequences', ERGO: The Journal of the Education Research Group of Adelaide, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 3-13.
Wood, KE, Mantzioris, E, Gibson, RA & Muhlhausler, BS 2013, 'Incorporating macadamia oil and butter to reduce dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake', Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 94-100.
Current research & highlights
Evangeline is a frequent contributor for The Conversation where she writes about Nutrition and Health.
CSIRO Australia (Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation) AUSTRALIA
Flinders University AUSTRALIA
Hong Kong Sports Institute HONG KONG
La Trobe University AUSTRALIA
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism UNITED STATES
National Institutes of Health UNITED STATES
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) AUSTRALIA
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute SAHMRI AUSTRALIA
Swinburne University of Technology AUSTRALIA
University of Adelaide AUSTRALIA
University of Melbourne AUSTRALIA
University of Queensland AUSTRALIA
University of South Australia AUSTRALIA
University of Tasmania AUSTRALIA
University of the Sunshine Coast AUSTRALIA
Engagement/recognition
Science Media Expert for AusSMC
Australian Science Media Centre (AusSMC)
Editorial Board Member
Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians Association of Australia
Member - Accredited Practising Dietitian/Nutritionist
Member - Accredited Sports Dietitian
Sports Dietitian of Australia
Co-editor, Nutrition for Sports, exercise and performance
Allen and Unwin Publishing House
Journal and Scientific Publications Management, Dietitians Association of Australia
Invited Speaker, Dinner with a Scientist Event
Australian Society for Medical Research (ASMR)
Speaker: The Planet Talk Workshops, How Sustainable is Your Diet
WOMAD
Nutrition and Dietetics: Journal of Dietitians Association of Australia
Teaching strengths
Nutrition and Food Science
Evangeline received a University of South Australian Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning, in 2015 - 'For a sustained commitment to the creation of an authentic learning activity and assessment in nutrition communication for undergraduate students'. This is a reflection of her passion in ensuring that graduates have the right skils in communicating the complex scientific messages in easy to understand language for the community.
Courses I teach and/or co-ordinate
HLTH 3002 Sports Nutrition (2021)
FOSC 3014 Nutrition Communication and Food Studies (2020)
BIOL 1055 Introduction to Nutrition and Food Sciences 2 (2021)
Programs I'm associated with
IBHN - Bachelor of Human Movement, Bachelor of Nutrition and Food Sciences
IBNF - Bachelor of Nutrition and Food Sciences
Dietary intake, sports nutrition knowledge and energy requirements in female Australian rules football players. Current
Dietary quality and running-related injury risk in recreational long distance Masters runners Current
Population variability of the omega-3 index and its relevance to chronic inflammatory disease states Current
Dietary and sociodemographic determinants of maternal omega-3 fatty acid status in pregnancy Completed


Maia Mitchell first television role in the U. For American audiences, she currently co-stars in the drama, as Callie Jacob. She is known for her roles as in the children's television series for the , and as in the 's teen drama. Maia Mitchell born 18 August 1993 is an Australian actress and singer. If you have any requests of other Celebrities you would like me to do let me know in the comment section below.
. She finds a new group of girls who she becomes really close with and really finds a community there, which is exciting. Date of Birth: August 18, 1993 was born and raised in Lismore, New South Wales, Australia as the eldest of two children. That becomes her focus and where she decides to anchor her energy. The groundbreaking drama is about a multi-ethnic family raised by lesbian parents. Mitchell participated in dance lessons as a young girl and performed in school and local theatre productions to kick start her career. Interviewer: As you mentioned, Callie is constantly being put in these life-threatening situations.
Actor`s page Maia Mitchell, 18 August 1993, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia!
We have a very fun set, despite how much drama there is onscreen. Interviewer: How does this effect the trial? Also, Maia has made her mark on the Disney Channel, appearing in a special episode of Jessie 2011 in 2013, as well as in the hit original film, Teen Beach Movie 2013 , with fellow Disney Channel star, Ross Lynch. Maia played Mack, a tomboy surfer. Interviewer: Callie and Aaron are also beginning a new relationship this season. The premiere episode was directed by Peter Paige, the creator of the show, so having him on set as well is super-helpful to be able to really dive into it. She attended Trinity Catholic College, Lismore.
Maia Mitchell: You will get a first date! Maia also starred in its sequel, Castaway. This whole experience is really going to affect her moving forward. But also, the guest stars we have are all amazing. The executive producers are all so involved. It follows a group of youths who struggle to survive at a remote scientific research station. Mitchell participated in dance lessons as a young girl and performed in school and local theatre productions to kick start her career.
Also, Maia has made her mark on the Disney Channel, appearing in a special episode of Jessie 2011 in 2013, as well as in the hit original film, Teen Beach Movie 2013 , with fellow Disney Channel star, Ross Lynch. Do you do anything to prepare yourself mentally to shoot these intense scenes? She also co-starred with in the original films and as McKenzie. Their relationship definitely develops in an upward trajectory. The show only lasted for two seasons. She then made her film debut by starring as the main character McKenzie in the Disney Channel original movie Teen Beach Movie and reprising her role in Teen Beach 2. He shares her love of social welfare and all of those things, so I think that she can relate to him and he can relate to her and understand why she does the things that she does, but he is also more calculated than she is, so it helps her explore that in a way that is safe for her. Maia Mitchell Career Maia Mitchell began her career in acting in school plays and also in local theatre productions.
She becomes very invested in her art as a means to express herself. A big scene coming up for her is discovering herself as an artist and being vulnerable in that space and that medium. Are we going to get a first date? No spoilers, but the whole trial thing is resolved one way or another at the beginning of the season. She has one younger brother, Charlie. Some of the movies I was able to find the Trailer to the movie when I couldn't find a proper clip but the trailer will only be in the video if Maia Mitchell is seen in it. Also, Maia has made her mark on the Di.
The sci-fi flick follows a group of 20 graduating senior students in Jakarta, who are given the challenge to decide which ten of them will be sheltered in an underground haven during an apocalypse. Some of the movies I couldn't find clips or pictures to. She learned to play guitar at a young age and it has been demonstrated in her film and television work. How are we going to see that progress? Also, Maia has made her mark on the Di. .


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2022–23 Performances
Philip Smith joined the New York Philharmonic as Co-Principal Trumpet in 1978, became Principal Trumpet, The Paula Levin Chair, in 1988, and retired at the end of the 2013–14 season, after 36 years. In August 2014 he joined the Hugh Hodgson School of Music at the University of Georgia as the William F. and Pamela P. Prokasy Professor in the Arts. In addition to teaching, he is the Bandmaster of the UGA British Brass Band, a member of the faculty Georgia Brass Quintet, coach of the Bulldog Brass Society, and occasional guest in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra trumpet section. As a soloist, he has appeared internationally and with the New York Philharmonic, with conductors Zubin Mehta, Kurt Masur, Lorin Maazel, Alan Gilbert, Erich Leinsdorf, Leonard Bernstein, Neeme Järvi, and Bramwell Tovey. He has also appeared with numerous symphonic wind ensembles, including the U.S. "President's Own" Marine Band, West Point Academy Band, and major university ensembles. He has guest conducted the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Brass and Percussion, National Youth Brass Band of Great Britain Summer Course, and the Hannaford Street Silver Band. He also leads the Philharmonic's annual Holiday Brass concert and conducted Members of the Philharmonic at the dedication of the 9/11 Memorial Museum in May 2014. Mr. Smith has served on the faculty of The Juilliard School and Manhattan School of Music, appeared as recitalist and clinician at numerous International Trumpet Guild conferences, and adjudicated the Prague Spring International Trumpet Competition, Ellsworth Smith International Trumpet Solo Competition, 25th Anniversary National Trumpet Competition, Osaka International Chamber Music Competition, and Eric Aubier International Trumpet Competition. In 2005 he was made an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music, and in 2006 he was given the International Trumpet Guild Honorary Award. His latest recording is Trilogy, a three-CD set released in 2017.
"I love the creativeness and expressiveness of being a musician. It allows me to lose myself in someplace special. I was very shy as a kid so it was a comfortable place where I could dream and achieve."
Q&A with Philip Smith
THE FACTS: Born London, England. Bachelor's and master's degrees from The Juilliard School, studying with Edward Treutel and William Vacchiano (former Principal Trumpet, New York Philharmonic). Prior to the Philharmonic: Chicago Symphony Orchestra. At the Philharmonic: Joined as Co-Principal in October 1978; became Solo Principal in June 1988; solo debut in 1979 in Henri Tomasi's Trumpet Concerto with Zubin Mehta. Teaches at The Juilliard School. Most recent recordings: a series for Curnow Music Press
EARLIEST MUSICAL MEMORY: Listening to my dad, Derek Smith, who was principal cornet in Her Majesty's Royal Horse Guards in London and a worldwide cornet soloist. The first piece I fell in love with was Erik Leidzen's Songs in the Heart, which was written for and premiered by my dad in 1965. My dad taught me the cornet when I was seven, and I started trumpet in high school; he was my teacher until I went to Juilliard. My father, and trumpeters Maurice André and Adolph (Bud) Herseth were my most important influences.
HOW MANY INSTRUMENTS DO YOU HAVE? Probably a dozen plus. The trumpets in the Philharmonic are pitched in C, but I have trumpets in B-flat, C, D, E-flat, E, F, G, A, and high B-flat; they are needed for different repertoire. I also have German trumpets, cornets, and flugelhorns. I play both the trumpet and the cornet in the Philharmonic.
WHAT IS THE BEST THING ABOUT BEING A MUSICIAN? I love the creativeness and expressiveness of it. It allows me to lose myself in someplace special. I was very shy as a kid so it was a comfortable place where I could dream and achieve.
WHAT IS THE MOST DIFFICULT ASPECT OF YOUR JOB? Being a brass player, you're always out there; everything shows. I'm a perfectionist and put my own demands on it. If I'm not careful, the pot can boil over into a goulash of pressure and anxiety.
WHAT WOULD YOU BE IF NOT A MUSICIAN? I've always been fascinated with being a cop, especially a detective.
MOST MEMORABLE MOMENTS WITH THE ORCHESTRA: When I came here I was a greenhorn. Zubin [Mehta] was on the podium exuding such joy. I remember him looking at me and grinning from ear to ear. He gave me the confidence to play the best that I could.
MOST INSPIRING COMPOSER: For trumpet players, it's more exciting as we get more contemporary. But I also love Handel and Bach.
DO YOU EVER PLAY IN OTHER GROUPS? Brass bands, orchestras, wind bands, and my gospel group, "Resounding Praise," with my wife, Sheila, a soprano. I also play with Joe Alessi's (Principal Trombone) jazz band. But I swing like a rusty gate.
Upcoming 2022-2023 Performances
Location: (Directions)
Learn more about this event
No Concerts


Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is now offering a one-year ACGME-accredited Dermatopathology Fellowship with appointment as Fellow at Harvard Medical School. Training draws upon the resources of the Departments of Pathology and Dermatology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Children's Hospital to provide a rich palette of clinical training in all aspects of Dermatopathology. A diverse mix of clinical cases from the main institutions, affiliated hospitals, and outreach facilities, combined with mentorship from highly experienced faculty mentors, creates a robust educational experience for trainees to acquire world-class expertise in the field. Clinical training is complemented by broad-ranging opportunities for scholarship activities. Funds are available to present at one conference per year.
Applications: Fellowship candidates must be graduates of approved medical schools in the United States or Canada. Graduates of foreign medical schools must have an ECFMG Certificate. Applicants must have completed a residency training program in either Pathology or Dermatology and be eligible for certification in either one to enter the program. Applications must be received by August 31, 2018 for appointments beginning on July 1, 2020.


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Федотово — деревня в Шекснинском районе Вологодской области.

Входит в состав сельского поселения Сиземского (с 1 января 2006 года по 8 апреля 2009 года входила в Чаромское сельское поселение), с точки зрения административно-территориального деления — в Чаромский сельсовет.

Расстояние по автодороге до районного центра Шексны — 10 км, до центра муниципального образования Чаромского — 1 км.

По переписи 2002 года население — 9 человек.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Федотово в реестре населённых пунктов Вологодской области

Населённые пункты Шекснинского района

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