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The Top 10 Online Programs for Computer Science Degrees
One of the fastest-growing fields of employment, computer science is gaining momentum as more students flock to high-tech degree programs. More people than ever want to earn the IT skills that can open up further career opportunities in an increasingly digital world. Naturally, there are few areas of study better suited to online coursework than computer science.
A good online school in any subject is one that can overcome the inherent limitations of distance learning. Online computer science degree programs should not cut corners compared to those pursued in a physical classroom. Along these lines, this list evaluates online computer science (CS) programs on the basis of:
Objective criteria, including U.S. News & World Report ratings, program diversity, and accessible student services like tutoring, academic advising and career counseling
Unique CS programs and features, such as special combined undergraduate-and-graduate tracks
Overall value for the investment—the 'bang for your buck' factor
Ranking the 10 Best Online Programs For Computer Science
The following are all-online as well as campus-based schools that provide superior value for the tuition invested to earn an online computer science degree.
#1 — Georgia Institute of Technology
The Georgia Institute of Technology takes the number one spot on our list because it will soon offer considerably more 'bang for the buck' than just about any other school out there.
The school has recently announced it is partnering with Udacity, a MOOC—or Massive Open Online Courseware—provider to offer a high-quality master's degree in online computer science for a fraction of the cost of competitor programs—$6,600. The first professional Online Master of Science in Computer Science, or OMS CS, will take three years to complete.
Heretofore, free 'MOOCs' haven't offered serious degrees to those who ace their programs. Meanwhile, credible online degrees with name recognition courtesy of their brick-and-mortar counterparts aren't exactly cheap.
Where most programs spell 'compromise' in these respects, trading access for quality and vice versa, prestigious Georgia Tech is set to deliver innovation in a way that's actually affordable to most online degree-seekers. Best of all, it has an impressive CS department ranked in the top 10 by U.S. News & World Report.
#2 — Pace University
New York-based Pace University has a stellar lineup of online CS degree programs ranging from the associate's and bachelor's to master's and doctoral levels. Here, distance learners can enjoy a high-caliber curriculum at competitive rates.
The school's undergraduate options include the iPace degree completion program. iPace gives working students who need to finish their bachelor's degree a chance to do that, both online and part-time. The basic Bachelor of Science (BS) in Professional Technology Studies is a real steal at $535 per credit, giving distance learners with some college experience a chance to earn an undergraduate computer science degree online for around $30,000.
Pace currently takes the top spot in U.S. News & World Report's list of the best online bachelor's degree programs, scoring high in faculty credentials, student services and technology, and student engagement.
#3 — Oregon State University
Oregon State, a public research university, offers affordable online degrees priced well below the average. For around $26,500, a web-based bachelor's can be had through the highly-regarded School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
It can take as little as one year to earn a BS in Computer Science through OSU's new 'post-bac' option. One of the first online post-baccalaureate programs for CS students in the country, the new degree appeals to those who already have undergraduate degrees. Oregon State is an excellent medium-priced option for those who want to expand their existing bachelor's into the IT sector without committing to graduate school.
#4 — Western Governors University
As its name suggests, Western Governors University was founded in 1997 by the governors of 18 Western states. The idea was to make an online, accelerated, affordable and accredited education available to people of all ages. Today, WGU's competency-based model of education has carved itself a solid niche that regularly turns out satisfied graduates.
WGU is uniquely affordable and flexible. Students work at their own pace, demonstrating competency as they go for course credit. "Course mentors," easy hotline assistance for homework help, and built-in mobile functionality via the WGU app are among the perks for online enrollees. An online bachelor's costs as little as $23,000–as much as most public four-year colleges charge for a single year.
#5 — Dakota State University
Dakota State University made its popular undergraduate CS major publicly available online in 2010, part of a wider state initiative to expand workforce development in this key growth industry. Here, online students can enjoy community advising, tutoring services and a web-based Online Writing Lab (OWL).
At Dakota State, students can earn a BS or MS in the computer sciences through the Office of Extended Programs. Undergraduate-to-graduate CS education can be completed entirely online in a variety of specialties. The online MS in CS is an especially good value among online computer science degree programs, costing just $10,000.
#6 — Colorado Technical University
Based out of Colorado Springs, Colorado Technical University (CTU) is another school with a highly-rated campus-based institution, a student-friendly distance-learning syllabus, and affordable tuition. In 2009, CTU's "amazingly interactive, experientially immersive" Virtual Campus won the Best of the Best award in the Computerworld Honors program. The school is for-profit and regionally accredited.
CTU offers both master's and doctoral online degrees through its College of Information Systems and Technology. These include Masters of Science in Computer Science with one of three concentrations: Computer Systems Security, Database Systems, or Software Engineering. All doctoral online degrees are Doctors of Computer Science (DCS).
#7 — Regis University
Based out of Denver, Colorado, Regis University's online CS Bachelor issued through the School of Computer and Information Sciences has recently earned the ABET stamp of approval, the gold standard of computer science accreditation. Regis is one of just a few all-online programs that can claim this distinction.
Students can earn a BS in Computer Networking capped off with an MS in Systems Engineering in an accelerated, lower-cost program. The path encompasses both undergraduate and graduate degrees in a single 152-credit hour program designed to save students money. As a bonus, it's also one of the few schools that accepts MOOC coursework as valid transfer credit.
#8 — Sam Houston State University
U.S. News & World Report ranked SHSU #2 in their account of the best online graduate Computer IT programs in America. Compared to the number one school on the list—University of Southern California—Sam Houston is significantly cheaper, offering graduate courses online for less than a third of the per-credit cost.
Sam Houston State University is a good public school option for students in search of online graduate studies. At $445 per credit, a full-time online MS candidate will spend $15,000 to $16,000 on a degree through the Computer IT program. Graduate studies include the MS in Information Assurance and Security.
#9 — Colorado State University—Global Campus
The non-profit Colorado State University—Global Campus is "the nation's first 100% online, independently accredited public university." The regionally-accredited CSU-Global distance learning platform has a student-friendly system of awarding transfer credit. Transfer applicants to CSU-Global can even get credit for completing Udacity's 'Introduction to CS' MOOC.
CSU-Global graduates get name recognition, real faculty support, student resources and accessible rates of tuition. Students collaborate with their peers in real-time and via virtual extracurricular groups and clubs. Note that CSU—Global Campus is not the same institution as CSU, although the two schools are siblings within the wider Colorado State network.
#10 — University of Maryland
The University of Maryland's University College (UMUC) is an option to consider for those who want a flexible degree from an established institution. Part of the largest public university in the U.S., UMUC offers numerous online credentials from the certificate through graduate levels across a variety of IT specializations. All of UMUC's online CS faculty are experts in their field, and they are the same teachers that instruct classroom learners.
Aspiring computer scientists can major in Computer Networks and Security, Digital Media and Web Technology, or Technology Management. UMUC is also now hosting a joint undergraduate-graduate track in Cybersecurity that shaves nearly 20 credits off the total number required to achieve the BS and MS.


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Home >> News: November 26th, 2019 >> Story
Sat5G Going Good for KT SAT
KT Corp. (KRX: 030200; NYSE: KT) has reported that their satellite-operating subsidiary, KT SAT, has successfully conducted the world's first 5G data transmission with a satellite connection.
The test was aimed to expand the fifth generation technology linked to KT's 5G network and KT SAT's KOREASAT 6, located some 36,000 kilometers above the equator, said the leading Korean telecom provider.
KT SAT and the KT Institute of Convergence Technology executed the project together. They implemented "hybrid terrestrial-satellite 5G transmission," which combines different networks to deliver data better than typical 5G service, and "5G edge cloud media transmission using satellite communications backhaul links." That meshes satellite communications with the content delivery network (CDN) for video transmissions from the 5G edge cloud.
Artistic rendition of KT SAT's KOREASAT-6 satellite.
The 5G edge cloud can be seen as a virtual data center. It handles data generated from user terminals at the nearest possible spot in order to maximize the 5G capacity for ultra-low latency. The key to hybrid satellite-terrestrial 5G transmission is a router jointly developed by the KT institute and KT SAT. 5G terminals connected to this device can simultaneously transmit and receive various data, or use separate routes, to and from a 5G network and a satellite.
KT SAT, by using this technology, successfully maintained normal service operations with KOREASAT 6 alone, after the 5G network was intentionally disconnected. The test showed how the hybrid 5G transmission technology can enable 5G-based automated machinery or moving vehicle to maintain its network connection when 5G coverage becomes unavailable, or a natural disaster has occurred.
Currently, KT SAT operates five communication satellites – KOREASAT 5, 5A, 6, 7 and 8. They offer coverage to some 60 percent of the Earth's total surface area.
By using satellite communications backhaul links, KT SAT transmitted real-time streaming data and live video camera footage from its Kumsan Satellite Service Center to the 5G edge cloud at the KT Research and Development Center in Umyeon-dong, Seoul. The transmission was through KOREASAT 6, resulting in seamless data transmission to multiple 5G terminals.
This latest technology enables simultaneous content transmission to all smartphones accessible in the same bandwidth, whereas conventional satellite communications can only provide the transmission of high-definition (HD) video footage to a single smartphone within a given bandwidth. Broadcasting stations and large content companies have only been able to use satellite-based broadcast relays because satellite communication is limited in bandwidth and expensive.
KT SAT predicts that if the two technologies are commercialized, satellite communication with relatively slow speed could be boosted to provide faster, uninterrupted data transmission. It will widen opportunities for many users in countries with less developed communications systems to access high-quality content.
KT SAT explained the objective of its research in satellite 5G is achieving a complete interconnection of 5G NR (New Radio) and satellite communications, by devising global standards for the technology of interconnecting satellite and 5G. KT SAT and the KT institute are reporting the test results to the organization's 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) during the first half of 2020.
Satellite 5G is one of the research subjects encouraged by the international specification organization under its 2018 initiative, "3GPP Release 16." Many experts in the communications field expect that global standardization efforts for satellite 5G will begin in earnest in 2020, under the 3GPP Release 17 initiative, based on results of the current research.
Hahn Won-Sic, President of KT SAT, said meshing satellite and 5G will create communication environments without regional gaps, greatly contributing to both disaster and emergency communication and content markets where communication is essential. Through continued technological exchange with KT, the company will strive to achieve global technological standardization and provide good customer service.
Jeon Hong-Beom, KT's EVP and head of the KT Institute of Convergence Technology, added that the company is very pleased to have succeeded in interlinking satellite and 5G for the first time in the world by using the 5G technologies possessed by KT Group.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ITER: What's New
ITER Definitions
Adaptive Effect
An adaptive effect enhances an organism's performance as a whole and/or its ability to withstand a challenge. An example of an adaptive effect is an increase in hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum, but only if hepatic metabolism reduces the chemical's toxicity.
Adverse Effect
Any biochemical change, functional impairment, or pathologic lesion which impairs performance and reduces the ability of an organism to respond to additional challenge. An adverse effect may have different degrees of severity, and should be distinguished from adaptive (beneficial) effects and compensatory (neutral) effects.
The data used by an organization to calculate a risk value. The basis is listed on ITER's noncancer risk value tables. Examples of the basis include: No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL), No Observed Effect Level (NOEL), Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL), or Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL). This basis is generally divided by a number of uncertainty factors to calculate the risk value (e.g., RfD, TC, MRL).
Basis (ADJ)
This is the NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose identified in the critical study, adjusted for continuous exposure, that was administered in a laboratory animal experiment, or to which humans were exposed occupationally or in controlled studies. For example, for a gavage study in which the animals were administered the compound 5 days/week, the administered dose would be multiplied by 5/7 to obtain a continuous dose. Similarly, for an inhalation study carried out 6 hours/day, the administered concentration would be adjusted by a factor of 6/24 to obtain a continuous dose.
Basis (EXP)
This is the NOAEL, LOAEL, or benchmark dose identified in the critical study. It is expressed as the actual dose or concentration that was administered in a laboratory animal experiment, or to which humans were exposed occupationally or in controlled studies. This dose/concentration has not been adjusted for continuous exposure.
Biomonitoring Equivalent (BE)
A BE is the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guideline. BE values are most appropriately used as screening values to evaluate biomonitoring data in the context of existing risk assessments rather than for assessing data from individuals. BE values are derived through integration of available data on toxicokinetics with the toxicity data underlying the exposure guidelines.
The Chemical Abstract Services unique number for each chemical. It can be used to search for a specific chemical regardless of the choice of chemical name.
CR(inhal)
The cancer risk from inhalation exposure, CR(inhal) is the 1 in 10,000 (E-4) lifetime excess cancer risk following exposure by inhalation (expressed in microgram/cu.m), as derived by RIVM. For comparison purposes on ITER, this value has been converted to a 1 in 100,000 (E-5) risk level, and has also been converted to milligrams/cu.m.
CR(oral)
The cancer risk from oral exposure, CR(oral) is the 1 in 10,000 (E-4) lifetime excess cancer risk following oral exposure (expressed in microgram/kg bw-day), as derived by RIVM. For comparison purposes onITER, this value has been converted to a 1 in 100,000 (E-5) risk level, and has also been converted to milligrams/kg-day.
The formation of tumors caused by chemical exposures. (Very likely a series of steps). The carcinogenic event modifies the genome and/or other molecular control mechanisms in the target cells such that these can give rise to a population of altered cells. The formation of benign and malignant tumors (i.e., cancers) is often considered together in determining a dose-response relationship and estimating a risk value for this endpoint. These effects are often considered not to have a threshold in response.
The risk value is developed for the named chemical, or for a compound of the chemical. In the latter case, the risk value generally reflects the molecular weight of the chemical and not the compound. Please see individual descriptions for exceptions.
The organizations listed on ITER use a specific approach to classifying the human potential for carcinogenicity from exposure to a chemical. While most of these organizations are based on information from all routes of exposure and are not route-specific, EPA assessments completed after approximately 1996 may have route-specific classifications, depending on the available data and the chemical's mode of action.
IARC cancer classification groups and detailed descriptions of these groups can be found in the Preamble to each monograph and at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Preamble/currentb6evalrationale0706.php. Briefly, these are Group 1 - carcinogenic to humans, Group 2A - probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B - possibly carcinogenic to humans, Group 3 - not classifiable as to carcinogenicity, and Group 4 - probably not carcinogenic to humans. The IARC evaluation considers the evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, the evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, and other data relevant to the evaluation of carcinogenicity and its mechanisms.
Health Canada classifies chemicals into six groups on criteria modified from those of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): I-Carcinogenic to Humans; II-Probably Carcinogenic to Humans; III-Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans; IV-Unlikely to be Carcinogenic to Humans; V-Probably Not Carcinogenic to Humans; and VI-Unclassifiable with Respect to Carcinogenicity in Humans.
More information regarding Health Canada's classification scheme can be found in Meek ME, Newhook R, Liteplo RG, Armstrong VC. 1994. Approach to assessment of risk to human health for Priority Substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. In: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Review, Part C of Journal of Environmental Science and Health. C12(2):105-134.
U.S. EPA published the following system in their 1986 risk assessment guidelines: A-Human Carcinogen; B-Probable human carcinogen; B1-limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans; B2-sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals with inadequate or lack of evidence in humans; C-Possible human carcinogen; D-Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity; E-Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity for Humans. For further information regarding this classification scheme, please see: U.S. EPA, 1986. The Risk Assessment Guidelines of 1986. EPA/600/8-87/045. August. Use of these guidelines was phased out in 2002.
Beginning in 1996, EPA has been revising its carcinogen risk assessment guidelines to focus on mode of action and a weight of evidence narrative summarizing the chemical's carcinogenic potential. From 1996 to 1999, the following major narrative descriptors were used, with sub-descriptors in each group: "Known/likely;" "cannot be determined;" and "not likely." Beginning in approximately 1999, EPA has used the following standard hazard descriptors: "carcinogenic to humans," "likely to be carcinogenic to humans," "suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential," "inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential," and "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans." Depending on the chemical's mode of action, different descriptors may apply for different routes or under different exposure conditions (e.g., different doses, different co-exposures). These descriptors were finalized in the 2005 guidelines. For further information regarding the 2005 guidelines, please see: U.S. EPA. (2005) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Washington, DC, National Center for Environmental Assessment. EPA/630/P-03/001b. NCEA-F-0644b. . This document is available online at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/CFM/nceaQFind.cfm?keyword=Cancer%20Guidelines.
Documents prepared by NSF International use the most recent version of the U.S. EPA guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment in classifying the human carcinogenic potential of a chemical. This is currently the U. S. EPA (2005) final guidelines, but previous risk assessments have used the U.S. EPA (1999) draft, U.S. EPA (1996) proposed, or U.S. EPA (1986) final guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. If another agency has classified the carcinogenic potential of the chemical, that classification is noted in the risk comparisons and conclusions section of the NSF International document, with discussion if there are differences in classification.
Compensatory Effect
This effect maintains overall function without enhancement or significant cost. Increased respiration due to metabolic acidosis is an example of a compensatory effect.
Critical Effect
The first adverse effect, or its known precursor, that occurs as the dose rate increases. There is an assumption that for some toxic responses, there is a level (threshold) below which adverse effects will not occur. The critical effect is often the basis of noncancer risk values, on the assumption that if the critical effect is prevented, then all subsequent adverse effects are prevented.
General Population Limit (GPL): The maximum concentration to which members of the general population may be continually exposed 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. The GPL is intended for application to the entire general population, including all ages and medical conditions (e.g., infants, elderly, infirm, and healthy). Expressed as mg/cu.m. Used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Army.
Human Equivalent Concentration
Abbreviated as HEC, EPA defines this as the exposure concentration for humans that has been adjusted for dosimetric differences between experimental animal species and humans to be equivalent to the exposure concentration associated with observed effects in the experimental animal species. If occupational human exposures are used for extrapolation, the human equivalent concentration represents the equivalent human exposure concentration adjusted to a continuous basis.
In Prep
In preparation indicates that the information is pending preparation and loading by TERA staff.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a database of the U.S. EPA containing human health risk values for over 500 chemicals. The values represent the consensus of the U.S. EPA. IRIS can be accessed online at www.epa.gov/iris. For additional information, contact the U.S. EPA Risk Information Hotline at (301) 345-2870 or at Hotline.IRIS@epamail.epa.gov.
The International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER) is a database of international risk values, managed by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA). ITER provides risk values from health organizations, government agencies and independent groups worldwide in a side-by-side format with a synopsis to explain any differences in values across organizations. ITER also provides a link to each organization for more detailed information. ITER is available at https://tera.org/iter and http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.
LOAEL
The Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) is the lowest exposure level at which there are statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group.
The Lowest-Observed-Effect-Level (LOEL) is the lowest exposure level at which there are statistically or biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of an effect between the exposed population and its appropriate control group.
The Maximum Permissible Risk (MPR) is the general term used by RIVM to indicate the limit value(s), including TDI, TCA, CR(oral), and CR(inhal).
Chronic MRL
Chronic Minimal Risk Level (MRL): An estimate of daily human exposure to a dose of a chemical that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over a lifetime of exposure (based on studies of 365 or more days). Expressed in mg/kg/day. Used by ATSDR.
Intermediate MRL
Intermediate Minimal Risk Level: An estimate of the daily human exposure to a dose of a chemical that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancerous effects over less than a lifetime of exposure (based on studies of 15-364 days). Expressed in mg/kg/day. Used by ATSDR.
NOTE: Information about an intermediate MRL derived by ATSDR is only included on ITER (and only in the synopsis) if ATSDR has not derived a chronic MRL and no other organization has derived a risk value for that chemical.
N/A or NA
The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) is an exposure level at which there are no statistically or biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered as adverse, nor precursors to adverse effects. In an experiment with several NOAELs, the regulatory focus is primarily on the highest one, leading to the common usage of the term NOAEL as the highest exposure without adverse effect.
The No-Observed-Effect Level (NOEL) is an exposure level at which there are no statistically or biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of any effect between the exposed population and its appropriate control.
NSF/ANSI Standard 60
NSF/ANSI Standard 60 is the nationally recognized health effects standard for chemicals which are used to treat drinking water. The NSF International Water Distribution Systems Program (http://www.nsf.org/business/water_distribution/index.asp?program=WaterDistributionSys) is responsible for the Certification of drinking water treatment chemicals to ensure that these products do not contribute contaminants to drinking water that could cause adverse health effects. These drinking water treatment chemicals are certified under NSF/ANSI Standard 60, entitled Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals -- Health Effects ( http://www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/detail?product_id=1313525).
NSF/ANSI Standard 61 is the nationally recognized health effects standard for all devices, components and materials which contact drinking water. The NSF Water Distribution Systems Program (http://www.nsf.org/business/water_distribution/index.asp?program=WaterDistributionSys) is responsible for the Certification of drinking water system components to ensure that these products do not contribute contaminants to drinking water that could cause adverse health effects. These drinking water system components are certified under NSF/ANSI Standard 61, entitled Drinking Water System Components -- Health Effects ( http://www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/detail?product_id=1598705).
Noncancer Toxicity
Local and systemic effects caused by chemical exposures that are not cancer. These effects are generally considered to have a threshold in response.
ITER contains risk values and/or cancer classifications from 6 organizations:
U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Independent parties whose risk values have undergone peer review through a process outside TERA's ITER Peer Review process (listed under the IPRV column)
Independent parties whose risk values have undergone peer review through TERA's ITER Peer Review process (listed under the ITER PR column)
NSF International (NSF Intl)
The National Institute of Public Health & Environmental Protection (RIVM) (the Netherlands) and,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
Risk values derived by independent groups will be accepted for inclusion on ITER after undergoing independent peer review and after approval by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA). We anticipate adding data from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), a part of the World Health Organization, in the future.
ATSDR
IPRV
IPCS
ITER PR
NSF Intl
U.S. EPA
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the Centers for Disease Control of the United States. Information from ATSDR is based on the Toxicological Profiles that ATSDR publishes for each chemical. Copies of Toxicological Profiles can be obtained from ATSDR by calling 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737). A list of available Profiles can be found at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html.
Health Canada information on ITER is compiled from several sources. Each chemical will identify the source of information in its For Further Information section on ITER. The sources of information include: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Review, Part C of Journal of Environmental Science and Health. C12(2). 559 p.; and Environment Canada, Health Canada. 2000 Priority substances list assessment reports <by chemical>. Ottawa. Ministry of Public Works and Government Services. Available at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/index_e.html or at the Inquiry Center at 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada) or 819-997-2800 (outside Canada).
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a part of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cancer classifications from IARC are provided in the IARC Monographs, which are available at http://monographs.iarc.fr
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), a part of the World Health Organization (WHO). Information on chemical assessments from IPCS will be added to ITER in the future. In the meantime, IPCS documents are available at http://www.inchem.org/pages/about.html.
The Independently Peer Reviewed Values (IPRV) column contains risk values derived by independent parties whose risk values have undergone peer review through a process outside TERA's ITER Peer Review process.
The ITER Peer Review (ITER PR) column contains risk values derived by independent parties whose risk values have undergone peer review through TERA's ITER Peer Review process. These risk values are typically found only on ITER.
NSF International, an independent, not-for-profit organization, prepares compound specific oral risk assessment documents based on the requirements of Annex A of NSF International/American National Standards 60 "Drinking water treatment chemicals - Health effects" and 61 "Drinking water system components - Health effects". Oral RfDs or cancer risk levels are derived using U.S. EPA risk assessment guidelines. NSF/ANSI standards and oral risk assessment documents prepared by NSF are available on-line at the NSF Bookstore. NSF/ANSI Standards 60 or 61, which include Annex A, are available at: http://www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/browsePublisher?publisher_id=133&orderBy=doc_no. Compound specific oral risk assessment documents prepared by NSF International are available at: http://www.techstreet.com/cgi-bin/browsePublisher?publisher_id=133&subgroup_id=13180.
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands). Information from RIVM is based on chemical assessments that are compiled in the framework of the Dutch governmental programme on risks in relation to soil quality, quantifying the human-toxicological risk limits (MPRs) for a number of rather widespread chemicals. These MPR values are published in the form of RIVM reports.
The data on ITER is obtained from the following report from RIVM: Baars AJ et al. 2001. Re-evaluation of human-toxicological maximum permissible risk levels. RIVM report no. 711701025, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, March 2001. Available athttp://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701025.pdf or at http://www.rivm.nl/en/ (click on Search, type "711701025", then click on document).
United States Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. EPA information on ITER is compiled from EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). IRIS can be accessed online at www.epa.gov/iris. For additional information, contact the U.S. EPA Risk Information Hotline at (301) 345-2870 or at Hotline.IRIS@epamail.epa.gov
This section of ITER lists what internal and external reviews the organization's toxicity value received prior to public release.
Reference Concentration (RfC): An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious noncancer effects during a lifetime. RfCs are based on non-carcinogenic effects and are usually calculated by applying uncertainty factors to a NOAEL or LOAEL. Expressed in units of mg/cu.m. Used by the U.S. EPA.
Reference Dose (RfD): An estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. RfDs are based on non-carcinogenic effects and are usually calculated by applying uncertainty factors to a NOAEL or LOAEL. Expressed as mg/kg-day. Used by the U.S. EPA, NSF International, and the US Army.
The probability of injury, disease, or death under specific circumstances. In quantitative terms, risk is expressed in values ranging from zero (representing the certainty that harm will not occur) to one (representing the certainty that harm will occur).
The determination of the kind and degree of hazard posed by a chemical, the extent to which a particular group of people has been or may be exposed to the chemical, and the present or potential health risk that exists due to the chemical.
Risk Specific Concentration (RSC). The risk value of a chemical in mg/cu.m that is associated with a specified excess lifetime cancer risk, usually an upper 95% confidence limit. In ITER, all RSCs are calculated byTERA from the organization's unit risk or TC05 and represent the risk at a 1 in 100,000 (E-5) level.
Risk Specific Dose (RSD). The risk value of a chemical in mg/kg-day that is associated with a specified excess lifetime cancer risk, usually an upper 95% confidence limit. In ITER, the RSDs for the U.S. EPA and Health Canada are calculated by TERA from the organization's slope factor or TD05, respectively, and represent the 1 in 100,000 (E-5) risk level. NSF International calculates a human equivalent dose at the 10-5 risk level that is then used to calculate the TAC in drinking water.
Risk Value Name
CR(inhal) Cancer Risk from Inhalation Exposure
CR(oral) Cancer Risk from Oral Exposure
GPL General Population Limit
MPR Maximum Permissible Risk
MRL Minimal Risk Level
RfC Reference Concentration
RfD Reference Dose
RSC Risk Specific Concentration
RSD Risk Specific Dose
SPAC Single Product Allowable Concentration
STEL Short-Term Exposure Level
TAC Total Allowable Concentration
TC (or TCA) Tolerable Concentration (or Tolerable Concentration in Air)
TDI (or TI) Tolerable Daily Intake (or Tolerable Intake)
TD05 Tumourigenic Dose, 5%
TC05 Tumourigenic Concentration, 5%
Risk Value
A dose in mg of chemical per kg of body weight per day (expressed as mg/kg-day), or concentration of chemical in mg of chemical per cubic meter of air (expressed as mg/cu.m) that for noncancer toxicity is generally considered to be without adverse effects in populations of humans (including sensitive subpopulations) for the duration of exposure specified. Examples of noncancer risk values include: GPL, MRL, RfD, RfC, TC, TDI. For cancer toxicity, this dose or concentration is usually associated with a specified lifetime cancer risk from exposure to the chemical. Examples of cancer risk values include: CR(inhal), CR(oral), RSC, RSD, TD05, TC05. NOTE: A "p" listed before a risk value indicates that it is a provisional value.
This is the degree to which an effect changes and impairs the functional capacity of an organ system.
Slope Factor
EPA defines slope factor on IRIS as the slope of the dose-response curve in the low-dose region. An upper bound (i.e., the 95% upper confidence limit) on this slope is used instead of the slope itself because it is a statistically more stable number. The units of the slope factor are usually expressed as 1/(mg/kg-day).
The Single Product Allowable Concentration (SPAC) is the maximum concentration (generally in mg/L) of a contaminant that a single product is allowed to contribute to a public drinking water supply as defined by Annex A of NSF/ANSI 60 and 61, consensus standards developed by a consortium including NSF International. Used by NSF International.
The experimental animal species from which the toxicity data are derived and on which the risk value is based. Sometimes, humans are tested in clinical studies at doses or concentrations that are unlikely to cause adverse effects in order to establish no-effect levels. Sometimes human case studies and epidemiology studies are used to estimate risk values.
The Short-Term Exposure Level (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a contaminant (generally in mg/L) that is permitted in drinking water for an acute exposure period, calculated and applied in accordance with Annex A of NSF/ANSI 61. The drinking water concentration is required to decay to a level at or below the TAC or SPAC within 90 days. Used by NSF International.
The study from which the toxicity data are analyzed to estimate the risk value. Occasionally, more than one study is used.
A brief description of the available risk values describing differences when appropriate.
Systemic effects are those that require absorption and distribution of the toxicant to a site distant from its entry point, at which point effects are produced. Most chemicals that produce systemic toxicity do not cause a similar degree of toxicity in all organs, but usually demonstrate major toxicity to one or two organs. These are referred to as the target organs of toxicity for that chemical.
The Total Allowable Concentration (TAC) is the maximum concentration (generally in mg/L) of a non-regulated contaminant permitted in a public drinking water supply as defined by Annex A of NSF/ANSI 61, a consensus standard developed by a consortium including NSF International. Used by NSF International.
Target Organ
The organ or system of the body that is generally affected first as the dose of the chemical is increased from zero. For noncancer toxicity, the critical effect occurs in the primary target organ. Often, multiple organs or systems are impacted by a chemical at its lowest effective dose or concentration.
The Tumourigenic Concentration (05) is the concentration in air (expressed in mg/cu.m) associated with a 5% increase in incidence or mortality due to tumours. The TC05 is not based on the confidence limit but rather, is computed directly from the curve. Health Canada calculates TC05s for compounds classified in Groups I and II basing these values on tumours observed in epidemiological studies (generally) in occupationally exposed human populations, or those considered relevant to humans as observed in bioassays in experimental animals. The estimates of potency are generally restricted to effects for which there has been a statistically significant increase in incidence and a dose-response relationship, characterized by appropriate mathematical models (e.g. multistage). The Health Canada TC05 can be divided by a suitable margin, to provide a benchmark against which the adequacy of intake can be judged, with respect to potential carcinogenicity.
TC or TCA
The Tolerable Concentration (or Tolerable Concentration in Air), generally expressed in mg/cu.m, is an airborne concentration to which it is believed that a person can be exposed continuously over a lifetime without deleterious effect. The TCs (or TCAs) are based on non-carcinogenic effects and are usually calculated by applying uncertainty factors to a NOAEL or LOAEL. Absolute values of maximum intakes per day for various age groups can be developed by multiplying the TC (or TCA) by the average ventilation rate and dividing by the average body weight of the age group under consideration. It should be noted, however, that exceedence of such a calculated intake by a particular age group for a small proportion of the lifespan does not necessarily imply that exposure constitutes an undue risk to health. Used by Health Canada and RIVM.
The Tumourigenic Dose (05) is the total intake (often expressed in mg/kg b.w./day) associated with a 5% increase in incidence or mortality due to tumours. The TD05 is not based on the confidence limit but rather, is computed directly from the curve. Health Canada calculates TD05s for compounds classified in Groups I and II basing these values on tumours observed in epidemiological studies (generally) in occupationally exposed human populations, or those considered relevant to humans as observed in bioassays in experimental animals. The estimates of potency are generally restricted to effects for which there has been a statistically significant increase in incidence and a dose-response relationship, characterized by appropriate mathematical models (e.g. multistage). The Health Canada TD05 can be divided by a suitable margin, to provide a benchmark against which the adequacy of intake can be judged, with respect to potential carcinogenicity.
TDI or TI
The Tolerable Daily Intake (or Tolerable Intake) expressed on a body weight basis (e.g., mg/kg b.w./day) are the total intakes by ingestion, to which it is believed that a person can be exposed daily over a lifetime without deleterious effect. The TDIs (or TIs) are based on non-carcinogenic effects and are usually calculated by applying uncertainty factors to a NOAEL or LOAEL. Absolute values of maximum intakes per day for various age groups can be developed by multiplying the TDI (or TI) by the average body weight of the age group under consideration. It should be noted, however, that exceedence of such a calculated intake by a particular age group for a small proportion of the lifespan does not necessarily imply that exposure constitutes an undue risk to health. Used by Health Canada and RIVM.
Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) is a nonprofit research and education organization dedicated to the best use of toxicity data for risk values. TERA staff can be reached by phone: U.S. 513-542-RISK (7475); Fax: U.S. 513-542-7487; or email: tera@tera.org.
The dose or exposure below which an adverse effect is not expected. Common approaches to assessing the risks associated with noncancer toxicity are generally different from that used to assess the potential risks associated with carcinogenesis. Scientists often assume that a small number of molecular events can evoke carcinogenic and/or mutagenic changes in a single cell, which can lead to self-replicating damage. Often, this is considered a nonthreshold effect since there is presumably no level of exposure that does not pose a small, but finite, probability of generating a response. It is most often assumed that noncancer effects have a threshold, that is, a dose level below which a response is unlikely, because a compensatory effect or adaptive effect in the cell protects against an adverse effect.
This threshold concept is important in many regulatory contexts. The individual threshold hypothesis holds that some exposures can be tolerated by an organism with essentially no chance for expression of a adverse effect. Further, risk management decisions frequently focus on protecting the more sensitive members of a population. In these cases efforts are made to keep exposures below the more sensitive subpopulation threshold, although it is recognized that hypersensitivity and chemical idiosyncrasy may exist at yet lower doses.
Uncertainty Factor
Factors representing specific areas of uncertainty inherent in the available data. These are frequently multiples of 10, although different organizations utilize lesser factors when the data allow. The usual uncertainty factors account for: interhuman variability, interspecies variability (extrapolation from animals to humans), extrapolation from less-than-chronic to lifetime exposure, use of a LOAEL instead of a NOAEL, and perhaps an additional factor for the adequacy of the available studies. For a further discussion of the use of uncertainty factors the reader is referred to Dourson et al., 1996; Dourson, 1994; and Barnes and Dourson, 1988. All three documents are available online at https://tera.org/pubs.
Unit Risk
EPA defines unit risk on IRIS as the upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk estimated to result from continuous exposure to an agent at a concentration of 1 ug/L in water, or 1 ug/cu.m in air.
This is generally the year that the risk value was made public or published. For Health Canada and NSF International, however, the year specifies the cutoff date of the literature review on which the risk value is based. The date for U.S. EPA indicates when the risk value (or its latest significant revision) was first loaded on IRIS. The ATSDR date is the date of publication for the Toxicological Profile. For RIVM and the U.S. Army, this is the year of publication of the risk value. For IARC, this is the year provided on the Summary and Evaluation for a particular chemical (which may or may not coincide with the year the Monograph was published). These dates are important because they can sometimes explain the differences in risk values.
Copyright © 1995 - 2018 Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment
1250 Ohio Pike, Suite 197, Cincinnati, OH 45102
tera@tera.org


text:
North Park University Leads the Nation With the Most Comprehensive Nonprofit Management Program
CHICAGO, IL, July 8, 2009 — North Park University is one of only two universities nationwide to offer a fully comprehensive nonprofit management program according to Nonprofit Quarterly, a magazine dedicated to strengthening the role of nonprofit organizations. In the 2009 Education Directory published in the spring issue, Nonprofit Quarterly surveyed schools nationwide to determine which eight essential programs are available at each institution. North Park University and Arizona State University were the only schools to meet all of the eight criteria.
The eight programs catalogued by Nonprofit Quarterly include credit programs, undergraduate certificate programs, undergraduate concentrations (more than three courses), graduate nonprofit studies classes, graduate certificates, graduate concentrations leading to a master's degree, graduate degrees majoring in nonprofit studies, and online courses.
In the past year, as the economy has worsened, North Park University has seen increased interest in its Axeslon Center for Nonprofit Management and an influx of applications from the recently unemployed, those looking to switch careers and others looking to further their education.
"We are pleased to be recognized by Nonprofit Quarterly as one of the leading nonprofit management programs in the country and hope this recognition will help direct prospective students to our nonprofit management programs," said Pier C. Rogers, Ph.D., director of the Axelson Center for Nonprofit Management at North Park University.
The Axelson Center offers a variety of programs for professionals who work, volunteer or are transitioning into the nonprofit sector. These include graduate degrees and certificates, half-day and full-day professional development workshops, an annual symposium, a BootCamp for New Nonprofit CEOs, custom designed workshops for organizations, networking opportunities and some no-cost programs.
For more information about North Park University's Axelson Center for Nonprofit Management, please visit www.northpark.edu/axelson.
About North Park University
Located in Chicago, North Park University is a Christian comprehensive university that serves nearly 3,300 undergraduate and graduate students from around the country and the world. Within a diverse, close-knit, urban community, North Park offers a values-based education to students through more than 30 undergraduate majors and an adult degree-completion program, as well as graduate and continuing education in business, nonprofit management, nursing, education, music, and theology. By integrating faith with learning -- as it has done since its founding in 1891 by the Evangelical Covenant Church -- North Park University continues to focus on the important task of preparing students for lives of significance and service. More information is available at www.northpark.edu.
Axeslon Center for Nonprofit Management
Nonprofit Quarterly
North Park University
Pier C. Rogers
Kinetic's Power of Philanthropy Summit to Feature New Research on High- and Ultra-Net-Worth Donors
3 Fundraiser Self-Care Check-Ins to Avoid Burnout
Why Your Network Is Your Strongest Asset
DMAW and TNPA Announce New Winter Fundraising Conference
6 Steps to Establishing a Donor-Advised Fund Strategy
Charity Begins at Home


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I am posting this week from Shetland Wool Week where I am visiting with some knitting chums, but more on that next week!
Before I left I was lucky enough to interview Alice Starmore for Mason Dixon Knitting. You can read the full article here but I wanted to share a bit more of the background with you.
I met Alice quite a few years ago and was incredibly starstruck, but this beautiful petite Hebridean couldn't have been more kind and charming to a newbie knitting magazine editor.
Over the years I have been very privileged to stay in touch with her, even visiting her croft and spending a wonderful afternoon with Alice, her husband and her pedigree highland cattle.
She is incredibly generous with her time and very encouraging to a very low level designer like me. Every conversation inspires me to try harder and leaves me seeing my craft in a totally different way.
Her latest book Glamourie is quite an achievement. Shot over 3 years, Alice has let her creative juices run riot with a series of costumes that embody the wildlife she sees around her. They are brought to life in the original stories written by her daughter, Jade, following a long tradition of story telling in their community. Then there are the patterns, taking elements from each costume, ready for you and I to knit. I cannot recommend it highly enough, so get it on your Christmas list.
But that's not all the Glamourie is. Alice and Jade see it as a starting point for knitters, a spring board if you like. On the Virtual Yarns website designs are, and will continue to be developed. The Raven wings have been evolved in to collars or added to other garments in a feast of creative exploration.
Hearing Alice talk about the book I delved into my stash. I had treated myself to a gift box of every shade in the Hebridean 2ply a couple of years ago and wanted to knit a Raven collar.
I unwound the hanks into balls, put them all into a bag and began to knit Raven feathers as described here. The beauty of her yarn is that all the colours work together so I didn't look or choose, I just simply delved. What ever came out was how it was supposed to be.
The first layer of feathers have two colours. followed by a layer of solids. This will be repeated again for the next two layers before I put the collar together.
I have yet to decide which neck I will use for the collar but the book has all the patterns I need and Alice's website will continue to inspire my choice.


January, arbitrary though it may be, is a time for taking stock. What's been good, what's been bad, and what you want to change.
This year, the fourth of The Domestic Front, I want to change how I eat. No, I'm not going vegetarian. Or paleo. You won't suddenly see a rash of recipes with points values, or gluten-free, fat-free, sugar-free foods. I'm more of a moderate, and I like my resolutions to be additive. So this year I am resolving to eat more fruits and vegetables, and I want you to come with me.
We all know we should eat more fruits and vegetables, right? At least five servings a day. But if you're anything like me, by the time you've gotten the chicken on the table, with some starch so your five year old eats SOMETHING, adding another vegetable dish just seems like too much work. And why snack on apples when crackers are so crunchy and salty?
Well, I want to change that, for my sake and my kids' sake. I'm going to spend this year on the blog exploring new recipes using fruits and vegetables, strategies for incorporating more produce in my life, and tips and tricks on purchasing and even growing your own. 2013 is officially the Year of Living Vegetally here on The Domestic Front, and I hope you'll come along for the ride.
I find it incredibly difficult to get 5 servings of fruit or veggies a day into my system. I should start drinking v8 or something, because otherwise the only veggies I get are at dinner, or if I eat a salad for lunch.
Becky, I'm the same way. I'm going to try to provide more ideas for breakfast, lunches and snacks, too.
In the summer I'm great about eating salads for lunch, but the winter gets me. I just want carbs. I'm such an addict.
Great idea! I'm so inconsistent with my fruit and veggie intake…I really have to take the time to make it easier to eat them than anything else-like prepping a big salad to eat for lunches or getting all the ingredients for a smoothie together ahead of time. And with a 3 and a 4 year old who are getting pickier by the day it's hard to find veggie sides that everyone will eat!
Best of luck living vegetally this year! I look forward to reading what yummy stuff you come up with.
Kate, LSQ from Mad Hungry just put put a book called Meatless focusing on vegetable dishes for her carnivorous family! Looking forward to you both serving as my Meatless Monday inspiration!


text:
package clientv3_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"golang.org/x/net/context"

	"github.com/coreos/etcd/clientv3"
)

func ExampleMaintenance_status() {
	for _, ep := range endpoints {
		cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
			Endpoints:   []string{ep},
			DialTimeout: dialTimeout,
		})
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		defer cli.Close()

		// resp, err := cli.Status(context.Background(), ep)
		//
		// or
		//
		mapi := clientv3.NewMaintenance(cli)
		resp, err := mapi.Status(context.Background(), ep)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		fmt.Printf("endpoint: %s / IsLeader: %v\n", ep, resp.Header.MemberId == resp.Leader)
	}
	// endpoint: localhost:2379 / IsLeader: false
	// endpoint: localhost:22379 / IsLeader: false
	// endpoint: localhost:32379 / IsLeader: true
}

func ExampleMaintenance_defragment() {
	for _, ep := range endpoints {
		cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
			Endpoints:   []string{ep},
			DialTimeout: dialTimeout,
		})
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		defer cli.Close()

		if _, err = cli.Defragment(context.TODO(), ep); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"""
# Meta-info

Author: Nelson Brochado

Created: 01/05/2016

Updated: 19/02/2017

# Description

Unit tests for the functions in the ands.algorithms.ode.forward_euler module.
"""

import unittest

from ands.algorithms.ode.forward_euler import *

class TestForwardEuler(unittest.TestCase):
    @staticmethod
    def f(ti, yi):
        return yi

    @staticmethod
    def gen_b(a: float, n: int, h: float) -> float:
        return h * n + a

    def setUp(self):
        # Runs before each test
        self.a = 0  # start of the range [a, b]
        self.n = 7
        self.h = 0.2  # step
        self.b = TestForwardEuler.gen_b(self.a, self.n, self.h)

    def test_forward_euler_parameters_when_are_None(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler, None, self.b, self.n, 1,
                          TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler, self.a, None, self.n, 1,
                          TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler, self.a, self.b, None, 1,
                          TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler, self.a, self.b, self.n,
                          None, TestForwardEuler.f)

    def test_forward_euler_approx_parameters_when_are_None(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler_approx, None, self.b,
                          self.n, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler_approx, self.a, None,
                          self.n, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler_approx, self.a, self.b,
                          None, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler_approx, self.a, self.b,
                          self.n, None, TestForwardEuler.f)

    def test_forward_euler_b_less_than_a(self):
        self.h = -0.2
        self.b = TestForwardEuler.gen_b(self.a, self.n, self.h)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler, self.a, self.b, self.n, 1,
                          TestForwardEuler.f)

    def test_forward_euler_approx_b_less_than_a(self):
        self.h = -0.2
        self.b = TestForwardEuler.gen_b(self.a, self.n, self.h)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, forward_euler_approx, self.a, self.b,
                          self.n, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)

    def test_forward_euler_f_is_not_callable(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, forward_euler, self.a, self.b, self.n, 1,
                          None)

    def test_forward_euler_approx_f_is_not_callable(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, forward_euler_approx, self.a, self.b,
                          self.n, 1, None)

    def test_forward_euler_result_is_not_None(self):
        # Consider the problem y' = y, y(0) = 1,
        # the exact solution is y(t) = e^t.
        t, y = forward_euler(self.a, self.b, self.n, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertIsNotNone(t)
        self.assertIsNotNone(y)

    def test_forward_euler_approx_result_is_not_None(self):
        y = forward_euler_approx(self.a, self.b, self.n, 1, TestForwardEuler.f)
        self.assertIsNotNone(y)


Olive Urban Outfitters army jacket, Navy thrifted bow top via Goodwill, Brown c/o álainn bella olive olivia pleated skirt, Ivory vintage Chanel purse, Black Kenneth Cole Reaction flats via Crossroads, Gold c/o LUXLA hex nut bracelet, CC Skye starburst bracelet.
Sometimes it feels good to dress up classy and lady like :) -- which sums up what this outfit means to me. I am in love with this pleated skirt from álainn bella -- it definitely makes twirling fun while evoking a beautiful classic Audrey Hepburn charm. Alainn bella is also giving Inspirafashion readers a 15% discount off full priced items at their website, enter 'inspirafashion' at checkout :).
Decided to pair it off with a fun printed bow top thrifted from Goodwill, á la Parisian chic. To make the look more wearable for everyday, layered over everything my Urban Outfitters army jacket.
Accessorizing is a fun sport. The Chanel purse and Kenneth Cole Reaction flats I thrifted from Crossroads are the perfect icing to top off this outfit.
This week has been a crazy busy one -- had first midterm today, school and work everyday. But to keep me going, I always look forward to Fridays and the weekend! Which BTW, this weekend is Valentine's Day weekend! I always get overly excited for the holidays (aka Christmas..President's Day even bc of no work/school). But it's the time to celebrate loove! Finally will update my Youtube channel! Look out for a video I'm going to create on my V-Day outing w/ the bf..featuring items from Lulus.com!
simply stunning! Love your outfit! One really can tell that you love fashion and have the perfect sense for dressing great!
Love your outfit! So pretty, especially with the shirt and pleated skirt. And your first picture is so great!
Such a pretty outfit... I love it!
How adorable!!! i really love the mix with the girly skirt + edgy military jacket! you look so good, babe!
Really adore how you combined the skirt! Looks great on you and indeed, it twirls nicely!
love love love the shoes, they're so cute!


I am so excited to hang with y'all on this Friday.
My name is Jessica Lesley and I am a personal stylist in the Jackson, Mississippi area. Emily asked me to do a guest feature on Fall 2016 fashion. I am thrilled with the opportunity and grateful to Emily for trusting me with her blog for the day.
Just a little background on me. I have been married to my sweet husband Richie for 12 years and we have 2 boys Mason, 9, and Wylie, 7. For as long as I can remember, I have had a passion for style. Growing up the oldest of 3 girls, I had to learn to style and do it on a budget. Little did I know my parents were actually doing me a favor! Of course it would have been nice to run to the hottest boutique and take everything on the mannequin. But again with 2 other sisters..that was not practical. So my parents gave me my monthly clothing allowance and I went to work. And that is where it began. I started mix and matching stuff together, making it look current and trendy. And I have been doing it ever since. When the opportunity presented itself to make this a business, I hesitated. I wanted to do it. But I had doubts. I knew I enjoyed it and I tell myself I'm decent at it (hehe) but just like any new adventure it was unknown. The unknown is well, scary. Then I started to look at my new business not only as a "business" but a ministry. I want every woman any size, shape, or style to walk in her closet and be able to find something to wear. Be comfortable in it and feel good about herself. With all that being said, I truly believe that beauty and style start with the heart. My heart belongs to Jesus and I pray yours does to. He is always in style and he's something we should all never leave home without. Now let's get right to these Fall trends and looks.
LEATHER! Y'all it is everywhere. And before you say I CAN'T WEAR LEATHER! You can! I promise.
Flare Jeans. We can rest those skinny jeans ladies. And everybody said AMEN!
Over the knee boots. Okay, I know your mind is thinking Julia Roberts Pretty Woman! But no. Nothing like that. Just go try some on. They have come a LONG way.
COLOR(s) of the season WINE & OLIVE. Together. Separate. Clothes. Accessories. Anything.
Plaid "BOYFRIEND" fit shirt. Boyfriend fit-roomy. loose. cut in the style of menswear. Roomy? Loose fit? Say no more. Another win for us ladies! Everybody looks good in plaid and it is easy to throw on.
Athleisure sneaker. So many choices. Go funky here. Show some personality.
CAMO print jean or tee. I know its deer season here in Mississippi but I'm not talking about that camo print. Let's call this a more sophisticated city slicker version. It's fun & stylish and hey you might even score some bonus points with the men/boys in your life.
Kendra Scott- Bexley Drop Earring in Hematite. Just go ahead and put this one on your Christmas list ladies! You won't be sorry!
Here are a few of my favorite fall looks!
Everyday Casual! "Boyfriend" plaid is SO comfortable for everyday "running around!"
DATE NIGHT! Plaid + flare jean = perfect FALL date with your beau! Throwing in an animal print clutch (no mom bags! right?) is the cherry on top!
Easy outfit for a day/night at the "fields." These athleisure sneakers are a great match to this casual but together outfit! Add a simple necklace and your out the door.
Easy tee + camo jean + booties & your ready for coffee with the girls!
Thank y'all SO much for hanging out with me today! I hope you found something you can add to your Fall wardrobe. Big thanks to Emily again! I had so much fun. Follow along with me on Instagram @fortheloveoffashion83. Happy Weekend everybody!


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❶Top 10 tips for writing your dissertation literature review.
You should give an overview of your studies and interest others to go on reading. A research paper is usually the first step for students to get funding for their project, so it is crucial to create a thoughtful and deep paper. You should pay attention to the common mistakes and use a research proposal template if needed in order to avoid them. First, you need to be precise and perform a clear vision of what you are going to describe provide a clear idea, time, place and so on.
Depending upon the referencing system preferred by your university department, you will need the following information:. It could be that you identify one particularly interesting study, but realise that its findings are outdated, or are not easily applicable to modern times.
Putting pen to paper: With the guidance of your supervisor, you will be able to alter the direction of your research as you go. Although by now, you should have a clear idea of the potential for your research, and what your conclusions might be.
What predictions can you make? Literature Review The literature review gives you the opportunity to make a really good argument for the importance of your research, and connect it to similar research, or present it as an extension to other existing studies. You will need to list the most important sources that you have consulted thus far in your research, and how they helped you to guide your own research. If you can, placing your work alongside others to show how it further elaborates or contributes to the more general field will show that you have adequately prepared for your proposal.
There is potential to include any flaws that you may have identified within this existing work, and how you will avoid this in your own dissertation. Only include sources that you can show will add value to your work. Limitations Part of writing an effective and informative piece of research is recognising the limits that are imposed upon your ability to explore and present your findings. Some limitations may refer directly to the word count, explaining that there are further issues that you will not have a chance to or space to address.
Completing this section clearly shows that you have engaged with your subject matter and are familiar with the wider concepts relating to your topic. Ethical Considerations Are there any ethical concerns relating to your research?
More information on ethics can be found in the following section below. Timeframe Often, dissertation proposals will include an estimated timeframe for the delivery of work to their supervisor. This may be on a chapter-by-chapter basis, or you may begin with the actual research, so that you are able to perfect this part before moving on to writing about it. Make sure that you are realistic, and allow some time for your initial research before jumping straight in to getting words on the page.


Having an evacuation plan is very important for your family. In an emergency, every second counts, so you want to be as prepared as possible. Evacuation plans can be useful for many different types of disasters: hurricanes, tsunamis, and statistically more common, house fires. House fires are one of the most common disasters people face in this country so it is important that everyone has an evacuation or fire escape plan, and practice it regularly. Reading and watching "Your Survival Book and DVD" can be very helpful in designing your plan. Everyone in your family should know the plan, even the little ones, so set aside an evening when the whole family can get together to make your emergency escape plan. Follow these simple steps and you will be ready for evacuation.
Label every exit, including doors, windows, and hallways, which may become a potential fire escape.
In every room, label the primary exit (usually a door or hallway) and a secondary exit (usually a window) in case the primary exit is blocked by smoke or flames.
Label every room where a family member sleeps.
Label the main shutoff valves of the gas, electricity, and water lines.
Establish a safe meeting place outside the home so everyone can be accounted for.
No evacuation plan will work unless it is practiced on a regular basis.
Involve everyone. It is important for everyone in the family to learn how to escape. You may even want to teach your children how to escape out of windows in case the door is unavailable to exit. A good fire escape ladder is essential if your exit is through a second story window. You may want to arrange the furniture so a dresser or nightstand is under the window to make it easier to escape, especially through basement windows.
Place your 72 hour kits strategically near an exit so they are easy to grab in a hurry. When you practice, assign certain family members to be in charge of grabbing the emergency kit.
Practice turning off utilities (gas valves, etc.). Caution: Don't really turn off the gas. If you do the gas company will have to come out and turn it on again. A gas wrench is a useful tool for this.
Practice other life-saving habits such as always leaving a pair of shoes, gloves and a flashlight or lightstick at each person's bedside.
Practice with time in mind. Try running through your disaster plan at least 4 times each year and adjust your plan according to the ages of family members.
Designate an out-of-town and an out-of-state contact person for your family to call in case you separate. Have emergency and contact numbers posted by a phone and have everyone memorize the phone numbers.
Practice using your 72 hour kit supplies. Make sure you include a good first-aid kit, including Burnfree pain relieving gel.
Evacuation plans can be life-saving for you and the ones you love. Disasters don't just happen to other people. They are very real and can happen to anyone at anytime. Take the time to plan and prepare and you will be very grateful you did.


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Fighting from the Sidelines: The WWII Home-front
42. September 3, 2010 – March 5, 2011
Guest Curator: Marlene D'Orazio Adler
Selections from the Silver Family World War II Home-Front Ephemera Collection
A Visual Response by Members of the museum's Artists' Collaborative
A Photographic Tapestry
Selections from The Temple Judea Museum permanent collection
DESCRIPTION: Sixty-Five years ago the World War II conflict ended in Europe. The armed struggle that led to the defeat of Nazi Germany was fought on foreign shores but that struggle was also experienced, albeit from a distance, by Americans who were left at home. Almost every family had a loved one serving in harm's way far from home, and the extraordinary military effort that defeated the Nazis and liberated the death camps, was supported by a massive civil effort that became known as "The Home-front". This exhibition remembered that fateful time in our history.
Return to Exhibitions


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Q: Scaling out Search Crawl service I have a large content database on a Sharepoint 2010 site collection (130GB).
The search crawl component which has a job to index items in the site collection is taking too long and in the process eats up all the CPU.
A suggestion I found online was to create a second crawl component on a separate sever to crawl the same crawl DB.
My question is... do I install Sharepoint 2010 on another server and then only activate crawl component etc. How do I configure this second Sharepoint server?
Also, is there any other way I can use this second server? (seems a bit overkill just to use it to crawl).
many thanks,
KS

A: Crawling is one of the most resource intense services you can use in SharePoint. That's why we in the first place would like to have an application server in our three tier topology setup. One for Front-End, one for Applications and one for Databases.
As content grow over time it will take longer and longer time to crawl with an already resource intense applications. If you don't have an application tier in your farm, that would be your first step to increase performance.
Install SharePoint 2010 on the new application tier, set up all services with appropriate managed accounts or local services, and stop all your services on the front end server (at non-office hours). Start the services on your application tier and verify that your services are running correct (Timer job history, click success/failed to see what happened).
Measure performance the following days, and see how things evolve. You may need a second Front End, different RAID setup, fiber channel network access, dedicated network card on SQL server and stuff like that to make performance increase even further. Good Luck (and ask again if needed)

A: It consist of the following steps:

*

*Add application server to the existing farm. To add application server to the farm follow MSDN Add a Web or application server to the farm

*Configure Search service application

In case of search architecture further options might be considered, like scale out of Search components
Configure Search components
Search components

*

*query (query components, index partitions)

*crawling (crawl component, crawl database)
can be scaled out separately (Manage search topology)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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1-Kawa
Larry Kawa, B.A., D.D.S
Larry was born and raised in Brooklyn New York. He graduated Brooklyn college in 1987 with a B.A. in Biology. He then graduated New York University College of Dentistry in 1991 with a Doctorate in Dental Surgery and then also completed his postgraduate training at New York University College of Dentistry to earn his specialty certificate in orthodontics in 1993. He then began his private practice in Boca Raton Florida in 1993.
His practice then grew to be the largest single orthodontic practice in the United States. The practice became the staff model for the American Association of Orthodontics. His office won the prestigious American Society of Interior Designers Healthcare Project of the Millenium Award in the year 2000. The aquatic themed office gained further notoriety after National Geographic featured the office on its global show Fish Tank Kings (see braces1.com ).
Larry then started another company, TheaterEars, which dubs movies in real time in foreign languages in every theater in the US and Puerto Rico. This is done through audio fingerprinting for which Larry's company has four issued patents and a total of 21 patent applications. The app has over a third of a million users and his company has contracts with Disney, Universal, Warner Bros, Sony, Paramount, Lionsgate and STX Studios. Larry is both the founder and the Chairman of the Board of TheaterEars.
He used the knowledge that he gained in TheaterEars to help Senator Ron Johnson and the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee gain access to the phone of the infamous San Bernardino shooter. He also was asked to brief Senator Johnson (chair of Senate HSGAC) for the 2016 Annual Threat Assessment hearing.
Larry has also worked with the House Transportation Committee (subcommittee on aviation). He has done so to enhance airline security with an emphasis on ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance broadcast) radar.
He has also been the private client of Judicial Watch since 2013 with whom he has worked with on three federal cases including one cert petition in the United States Supreme Court.
Click here to email Larry.


Every great company requires a strong visual identity in order for their message to break through, engage customers and most importantly, drive sales. As skilled Artisans, we handcraft cohesive, creative & innovative marketing solutions that capture the essence of your business. We provide and outside perspective – fresh eyes – on how your business is perceived by your customers, how it's performing against your competitors, and how visually, we can make it better. From building a comprehensive brand identity to developing a commanding web presence, and designing supportive print collateral, we'll strategize with you to turn your company goals into extraordinary success.
At Artisan Creative, we know that every small goal is part of a larger strategy. We are creative thinkers, planners, and executors of strategic marketing plans and pride ourselves on sharing our expertise. We will sit down with you and discuss the best plan of action for your project and how it will align perfectly with your company goals.
Our goal is to help our clients see the bigger picture by discovering their brand and how to translate its concept in new and creative ways as one visually cohesive entity. With every client, we challenge ourselves to think differently in order to set them apart from the rest.


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Posted 31 October, 2019
Mar-Tech Outfit Rokt Raises $70M In Capital
Mar-tech and e-commerce firm, Rokt today announced an investment of US$48M from global investment firm, TDM Growth Partners, as well as existing investors.
The capital will help accelerate research and development.
Rokt has helped to transform e-commerce by identifying that when customers are buying online as a consumer or on behalf of a business, they increasingly expect more personalized and relevant experiences.
Rokt's uses proprietary technology to unlock the hidden potential in every single transaction moment enabling clients to stay ahead of their competition, and deliver a more relevant customer experience.
Rokt CEO, Bruce Buchanan (featured image) said: "As we close out our strongest year on record, with over US$100M in revenue, we're delighted to bring on TDM Growth Partners as not only an investor but a long-term strategic partner.
"TDM have an envied track record of investing in high growth global tech companies and long time horizons in their approach.
"Their investment, and strategic guidance will allow us to accelerate our investment in research & development to deliver our clients smarter e-commerce solutions and better experiences for their customers."
Rokt, who recently acquired B2B marketplace OfferLogic and appointed their first chief financial officer, solves complex e-commerce challenges for global clients including Live Nation, Staples, Groupon, GoDaddy, Expedia and Wells Fargo.
The company's proprietary technology, machine learning and AI, unlocks value through relevancy and new revenue streams, by ensuring every step in an e-commerce transaction is the next best action for each individual customer.
Rokt is currently active in 11 countries with more than 220 employees worldwide.
TDM partner, Tom Cowan said: "TDM travels the world looking to invest in businesses that have built sustainable and long duration growth profiles and we know we have certainly found this in Rokt.
"We are delighted to add another unique, highly scalable hyper growth company to our portfolio of successful technology companies which have included such businesses as Twilio, LiveRamp, and Mindbody in the US, as well as Tyro, Aconex and CultureAmp in Australia.
"We look forward to supporting Rokt as they drive forward world-class technology to transform e-commerce."
Tom Cowan will join Bruce Buchanan, John Ho, Tek Heng and Tushar Roy on the Board of Directors.
Cowan, currently serves on the Board of Directors of Guzman y Gomez and has significant experience as a high-performing investor and Board member.
Also joining the Board of Directors is Groupon chief operating officer, Steve Krenzer who has extensive entrepreneurial and digital experience.
Krenzer brings scaling and strong domain experience to the Rokt Board of Directors.
Krenzer commented: "Having built and developed multiple global organizations in both e-commerce and marketing technology including Groupon, Core Digital Media and Experian, I identified the potential in Rokt, their world-class technology and visionary mission from early on.
"I am delighted to be working with Bruce, Tom and the rest of the board in developing this vision and supporting the business as it continues to expand in the US and beyond."
The addition of these board members, along with the additional funding, set up a strong foundation for continued rapid growth of Rokt.
Rokt TDM Growth Partners


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Wisetail Partners With 2% for Conservation
The charitable giving arm of Wisetail — Wisetail Works — is undergoing a change for 2020. The big news: we're partnering with the nonprofit 2% for Conservation.
Central to the philosophy behind 2% for Conservation is that true conservationists put their money where their mouths are, so to speak. Or, as the nonprofit writes on its website, "the title 'Conservationist' should not be a participation trophy.'
To that end, businesses working with 2% for Conservation go through an audit process to certify that the company gives back at least 1% of its gross annual sales and at least 1% of its volunteer time to conservation causes. Individual people can also earn a certification by proving the same, but by donating 1% of their annual income rather than a percent of gross annual sales.
The nonprofit doubled the number of certified businesses in 2019, which includes the first two Canadian companies to pass muster: Sawback Technologies and Damaged Timber. It also launched the first iteration of its Conservation Artist Project. The project brings artists and lifestyle clothing brands together to support regional causes like the Alaska Wild Sheep Foundation's work in the Chugach Range and the Wyoming Wildlife Federation's work with wildlife corridors.
This year, 2% for Conservation is again putting on the Bozeman Conservation Convention (#BZNCONCON) in Bozeman on May 15th and 16th. The event will be held at the Rialto and the first day features expert panels on two of the biggest conservation challenges in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (wildlife disease and aquatic invasive species), a showing of the winning film entry from the 2020 Conservation Media Award, with local habitat projects and Pint Nights for local causes the second day
Wisetail Works chooses one organization each year to support through an in-kind donation of our learning management software (LMS) and a dedicated client experience representative to help the organization succeed. Historically, Wisetail Works has supported a wide range of Montana-centric organizations and causes, such as Montana's Crisis Intervention Team, which coordinates crisis intervention training and development across the state, and Bridgercare, one of the largest nonprofit family planning clinics in the state.
Moving forward, Wisetail Works will partner with conservation-specific organizations. If you feel as though your organization's mission aligns with 2% for Conservation and would benefit from this grant, please apply here. If you're unsure whether your organization fits, or have questions generally, feel free to reach out to Louise Schelhammer.
By WisetailJanuary 28, 2020
All, News, Wisetail Culture


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EWGA Championship a boon for women's golf and Black Butte Ranch
Golf can be an intimidating game, especially for women. No wonder, really. More than 75 percent of golfers are male, and the game can confound even its greatest players.
With this in mind, the Executive Women's Golf Association was formed. The EWGA creates an environment in which women can play more, play better, have more fun, and make friends. It is what golf is all about. It's right there in the organization's mission statement.
Take Tam Mills, an area resident who recently joined the EWGA's Central Oregon Chapter.
"I am a new golfer and decided to compete as a learning experience," said Mills on her motivation to join the EWGA.
It is in this spirit that that Black Butte Ranch became a proud supporter of the EWGA, which held its Central Oregon Chapter Championship over the weekend at Glaze Meadow.
The weather for the event was unseasonably cool, which in Central Oregon this time of year means uncommonly comfortable.
The winners were Wink Jackson (First Flight), Vicky Thompson (Third Flight), and the scramble team of Halley Kramer, Debbie Bensching, Kimberly Renfrow, and Linda Kelly. Just as important as winning, though, was the camaraderie shown.
"That is what makes hosting an EWGA championship so inviting," said Ryan Dunning, Black Butte Ranch's golf sales manager. "The amount of enjoyment coming from the players in the EWGA made this a very special event."
The EWGA has made it a mission to grow the game with women with fun weekly nine-hole events, a mentoring program for new golfers, and other educational and networking resources.
Black Butte Ranch has some advantages in supporting a group such as that, too. Black Butte Ranch pro Emily Anderson Stewart is herself an added resource that the Ranch can offer women who want to venture out to the course.
Among the few female PGA professionals in Central Oregon, Anderson worked with the EWGA members in the morning with a chipping clinic before they teed off in the Championship. Mills said the lessons were invaluable.
"I have taken a few chipping clinics in the past, and this was by far the best I have had," Mills said. "Emily is a great instructor. She made sure we understood the basics instead of over teaching advanced skills that only the best players can use. I would love to take another clinic from her."
One of the things Black Butte Ranch does really well, we believe, is hosting large groups and golf tournaments. Led by Dunning and Black Butte Ranch's staff of golf professionals, the Ranch really tries hard to make sure that every event goes off without a hitch.
But don't take it from us.
"Glaze Meadow was the ideal course for our EWGA Chapter Championship this year; it happens to be one of my favorite courses in Central Oregon and it did not disappoint," said Linda Kelly, a member of the winning scramble team. "The staff was extremely helpful and ensured we had a great event, wonderful food afterwards and overall provided a welcoming and memorable experience for us. I definitely believe that more EWGA events will be held at this course."
Well, when a group like the EWGA comes along, it is always a pleasure.
For more information on the EWGA's Central Oregon Chapter, visit www.ewgaco.com. To create the perfect golf vacation or tournament at Black Butte Ranch call Ryan at 541-595-1292 or email him at rdunning@blackbutteranch.com.


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Dental bleaching, also known as tooth whitening, is a common procedure in dentistry. Dr Cribbs will help you choose the correct tooth whitening product to maximize your personal whitening results.
We offer two options: in-office and home whitening.


I've kept a copy of the following statement close at hand since reading it in a newsletter from Michael J. Christensen, who founded the Golden Gate Community in San Francisco. Michael now directs the Doctor of Ministry program at Drew University and has become, along with Rebecca Laird Christensen, one of the leading interpreters and guardians of the work of Henri J. M. Nouwen. He recently related to me that Golden Gate Community is celebrating its 25th anniversary of compassionate ministry. Congratulations! And thanks for your lived example of urban servant leadership across the years, Michael.
I've read your Grace Notes E-Journal for years, John, but just now found your blog. Really fine Blog! I love your biker theology and commitment to the world's poor.
Let's vote our conscience tomorrow, following the advice of the "Man of the Year."


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Q: Outbound Email and Add Error are not working together Actually i want to send email whenever duplicate record will create in salesforce and also show the error "Duplicate Account found" . I'm using for sending email through Outbound Email for salesforce and for showing error i'm using addError() method in trigger , when i'm using both together then email is not sending to owner that i have written the logic for that , indirectly outbound email is getting stop working.
Could anyone please help me for figure out this issue ?
I want use both sending email and show error also. Anyone have solution to do it in different way because i saw some blogs , that says outbound email doesn't work when we use addError() method.
Please give me solution of this problem .

A: You can't do both, in most cases. Using addError() blocks the transaction from committing successfully to the database (assuming the originator of the DML operation is not using a partial-success operation).
When the transaction does not commit, it also blocks all other transactional operations, such as sending email, enqueuing future methods, scheduling batches, and so forth. Only non-transactional Platform Events are not rolled back.
What you are attempting to do does not fit well within the way Salesforce works. Typically you should present an error and block the save if data does not meet expectations, and send an email to notify the user of saved data that requires their attention. Doing both doesn't really make sense.
Additionally, consider using native Duplicate Management functionality rather than using an Apex trigger to perform duplicate management. It is lighter-weight and requires no code at all.


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'No more cheap labour': Parking wardens strike over low pay
Council urges contractors and staff to use Acas to resolve dispute
04 October, 2018 — By William McLennan
The picket line in Kentish Town
DOZENS of traffic wardens stopped work and picked up placards during a week-long strike that has included daily pickets outside council offices.
Massing outside Camden Council's parking depot in Regis Road, Kentish Town, yesterday (Wednesday), the workers banged makeshift drums and chanted: "Low pay, no way." They are calling on council parking contractor NSL to increase their hourly rate from £10 to £11.15. They have rejected an offer of £10.45 an hour.
Camden made a "surplus" of £26million from parking tickets and fines last year. It is the third time the wardens have gone on strike over pay since 2011, while nationally the rate of industrial action has fallen to a record low.
One NSL employee, who asked not to be named for fear he would be singled out for speaking publicly, said: "We are here to show our employers and Camden Council that we are not going to work for cheap. There should be no more cheap labour in these times we live in. Until we get what we want we will always come out [on strike]."
The employee added: "The price of everything is going up, but our pay is stagnant. We are not getting enough to keep up a minimum standard of living. "We are standing here today, demanding a pay rise to £11.15. The company say they can only afford 45p. It's too low."
The majority-black workforce have said they regularly face racist abuse and assaults from angry drivers.
Amanda Sebestyen, Holborn and St Pancras Labour Party member and Momentum supporter, delivered supplies of biscuits and oranges to the pickets yesterday morning. She said: "I'm a car driver, I give these guys plenty of work. I want them to be rewarded for the trouble they have to take with my bad parking."
Camden Unison secretary Liz Wheatley said: "It is pretty scandalous, especially in a borough like Camden that professes to have ethical employment practices and ethical procurement, that we can end up with a predominantly black, low-paid workforce forced to have to take strike action every time they want to try and get a pay increase."
The council is proudly a London Living Wage employer. Parking wardens had an agreement to receive the London Living Wage, plus 25p. However, due to the long-running dispute, their pay has been frozen at £10 – 20p below the current London Living Wage rate, which rose in April.
Environment chief Councillor Adam Harrison said: "We urge both parties to use Acas [the arbitration body] to resolve this dispute as soon as possible."
A spokeswoman for NSL said it had offered a three-year deal comprising a 4.5 per cent pay rise this year, "much higher than other public sector pay deals and well above the rate of inflation".
"We regret that Unison has not chosen to accept this offer, which takes into account the increase in London living costs while remaining affordable to Camden Council," the spokeswoman added. The company says traffic wardens are still operating.
Investigation into 'same old' recording between Camden's housing chief and...
10 December — By Harry Taylor
Labour HQ is urged to lift Corbyn row gagging order
11 December — By Calum Fraser
Suspended activists take Labour Party to court
School is blocked again from moving into Hampstead police station


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Sandi Andrusko - Graphic Designer (sandi-andrusko-resume) CRE Construction - Great Twin Cities home builder and remodeler. They built the BWX Nimaamaa.