text:
"Oh," Strether laughed, "it wouldn't appear — would it? — that he feels 'taints'! He's glad enough of the money from it, and the money's his whole basis. There's appreciation in that — I mean as to the allowance his mother has hitherto made him. She has of course the resource of cutting this allowance off; but even then he has unfortunately, and on no small scale, his independent supply — money left him by his grandfather, her own father."
"Wouldn't the fact you mention then," Miss Gostrey asked, "make it just more easy for him to be particular? Isn't he conceivable as fastidious about the source — the apparent and public source — of his income?"
Strether was able quite good-humouredly to entertain the proposition. "The source of his grandfather's wealth — and thereby of his own share in it — was not particularly noble."
"And what source was it?"
Strether cast about. "Well — practices."
"In business? Infamies? He was an old swindler?"
"Oh," he said with more emphasis than spirit, "I shan't describe HIM nor narrate his exploits."
"Lord, what abysses! And the late Mr. Newsome then?"
"Well, what about him?"
"Was he like the grandfather?"
"No — he was on the other side of the house. And he was different."
Miss Gostrey kept it up. "Better?"
Her friend for a moment hung fire. "No."
Her comment on his hesitation was scarce the less marked for being mute. "Thank you. NOW don't you see," she went on, "why the boy doesn't come home? He's drowning his shame."
"His shame? What shame?"
"What shame? Comment donc? THE shame."
"But where and when," Strether asked, "is 'THE shame' — where is any shame — to-day? The men I speak of — they did as every one does; and (besides being ancient history) it was all a matter of appreciation."
She showed how she understood. "Mrs. Newsome has appreciated?"
"Ah I can't speak for HER!"
"In the midst of such doings — and, as I understand you, profiting by them, she at least has remained exquisite?"
"Oh I can't talk of her!" Strether said.
"I thought she was just what you COULD talk of. You DON'T trust me," Miss Gostrey after a moment declared.
It had its effect. "Well, her money is spent, her life conceived and carried on with a large beneficence — "
"That's a kind of expiation of wrongs? Gracious," she added before he could speak, "how intensely you make me see her!"
"If you see her," Strether dropped, "it's all that's necessary."
She really seemed to have her. "I feel that. She IS, in spite of everything, handsome."
This at least enlivened him. "What do you mean by everything?"
"Well, I mean YOU." With which she had one of her swift changes of ground. "You say the concern needs looking after; but doesn't Mrs. Newsome look after it?"
"So far as possible. She's wonderfully able, but it's not her affair, and her life's a good deal overcharged. She has many, many things."
"And you also?"
"Oh yes — I've many too, if you will."
"I see. But what I mean is," Miss Gostrey amended, "do you also look after the business?"
"Oh no, I don't touch the business."
"Only everything else?"
"Well, yes — some things."
"As for instance — ?"
Strether obligingly thought. "Well, the Review."
"The Review? — you have a Review?"
"Certainly. Woollett has a Review — which Mrs. Newsome, for the most part, magnificently pays for and which I, not at all magnificently, edit. My name's on the cover," Strether pursued, "and I'm really rather disappointed and hurt that you seem never to have heard of it."
She neglected for a moment this grievance. "And what kind of a Review is it?"
His serenity was now completely restored. "Well, it's green."
"Do you mean in political colour as they say here — in thought?"
"No; I mean the cover's green — of the most lovely shade."
"And with Mrs. Newsome's name on it too?"
He waited a little. "Oh as for that you must judge if she peeps out. She's behind the whole thing; but she's of a delicacy and a discretion — !"
Miss Gostrey took it all. "I'm sure. She WOULD be. I don't underrate her. She must be rather a swell."
"Oh yes, she's rather a swell!"
"A Woollett swell — bon! I like the idea of a Woollett swell. And you must be rather one too, to be so mixed up with her."


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October 12, 2018. Desiree has joined the editorial board of ASCE's Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.
June 19, 2018. Our 2016 Dam Removal Common Management Concerns paper was one of the most downloaded articles in JAWRA for 2017. 572 downloads in one year!
April 12, 2018. Congratulations to Julianne Robinson, who successfully defended her Honors College thesis today! Her thesis title is "Domestic Well Aquifer Storage Using Seasonal Springs." She has already presented her work at the 2017 AWRA conference and earlier results are published in AWRA's IMPACT journal.
December 08, 2017. Desiree has been serving on a National Research Council Committee to examine the complex management and decision processes at Mt St. Helens' Spirit Lake and the Toutle River downstream. The committee's final report was published today, which you can find here.
October 25, 2017. Desiree is giving an invited talk at the Geological Society of America today based on Susan Elliot's masters research on Physical Modeling of of the Feedbacks Between a Reed Canarygrass Patch, Wake Dynamics, Bedform Evoluation. Come by the session on Linking Physical and Ecological Processes from Source-to-Sink to investigate Multi-scale Response to Restoration!
September 18, 2017. Congratulations to Lauren Bomiesl, who successfully defended her MS in Water Resources Engineering today! Her thesis title is: Nutrient Transport Conditions in the Ecuadorian Andes.
September 13, 2017. Check out Julianne Robinson's new publication on Domestic Well Aquifer Storage and Recovery Using Seasonal Springs!
April 30, 2015. We're going to be movie stars! Our film on Reintroducing Large Wood to Rivers is premiering at Hollywood Theater in Portland tonight. Watch the film (https://vimeo.com/64926424) or come see it at the theater tonight.
June 28, 2013. Check out Desiree's interview on OPB's Think Out Loud.
June 21, 2013. Science reaching non-scientists.


This course will focus on the technical requirements needed for beginning students to progress to intermediate or advanced projects in ceramics. This course will focus on the exploration of fired ceramic surfaces and the fundamentals of formulating glazes for use in ceramic art. An emphasis will be placed on understanding the chemistry behind glazes and how the molecular breakdown of glaze recipes translates into unique fired surfaces. Through hands on and theoretical approaches students will gain experience developing high fire glaze recipes and acquire the methodology needed for continued testing and surface development.


Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file(/[FAILED]server/mysql/data/iZ2zeabsxnnfzh13g8yqxjZ.pid).
2017-09-03 17:38:21 20390 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
2017-09-03 17:38:21 20390 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.


On paper it should have been a walk over but the reality was much different as Tasman Makos hung on for a tight 33-23 win over Northland.
Northland haven't recorded a victory in the Mitre 10 Cup since 2014 but pushed Premiership contenders Tasman to the brink in blustery conditions at Trafalgar Park in Nelson.
While the Tasman scrum was a key to victory, so to was classy first five Marty Banks who stroked a perfect seven shots out of seven attempts to confirm a hard fought victory and keep Tasman in the hunt for a semi-final spot.
Playing into a strong breeze in the first half, Northland showed they would be no walk over by holding Tasman scoreless in the opening quarter with dynamic loose forward Kara Pryor leading the defensive effort.
But in a flash, Tasman capitalised on their territorial advantage by making it 20-0 through two well worked forward tries to Tevita Kolomatangi and Quinten Strange and a brace of penalties to Banks.
Just as it looked like Tasman would run away with the game, hard-working loose forward Matt Matich crashed over on the stroke of halftime for Northland to make it 20-7 at the break.
Northland made great use of the wind in the second half with pivot Dan Hawkins pinning Tasman in their half and landing two penalties to make it 20-16 with 30 minutes to play.
The sides traded tries to make it 27-23 with under ten minutes to play before Banks broke Northland hearts. With the Tasman scrum pouring pressure on Northland, the visitors gave up two penalties which Banks converted into points to secure the 33-23 victory.


text:
Q: Sorting inner query in SQL Server I have a query:
SELECT *
FROM   (SELECT COLA,
               COLB,
               COLC,
               COLD,
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY COLA) AS ROWNUMBER
        FROM   TABLEXYZ)AS Tab1
WHERE  ROWNUMBER BETWEEN 1 AND 10
ORDER  BY COLA

This query works fine if it has to be sorted on basis of COLA but there are problems if I attempt to sort on a basis of COLB,COLC etc.The sorting does not work.
I want to sort the inner table but the order by clause does not work and thus my sorted results are not accurate.

A: I think the sorting should be also done in the rownumber clause of the query.

A: Try using TOP 100%.
SELECT *
FROM   (SELECT TOP 100% COLA,
           COLB,
           COLC,
           COLD,
           ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY COLA) AS ROWNUMBER
           FROM TABLEXYZ
           ORDER BY COLB ASC) AS Tab1
WHERE  ROWNUMBER BETWEEN 1 AND 10
ORDER  BY COLA

A: Hmmm... If the above didn't work never mind, I just tested this:
select * from(
select top 10 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(Order by ColumnA) as ROWN, ColumnA, ColumnB
from dbo.TableXYZ) as lala
order by ColumnB

It works flawlessly. Honestly I don't know why your query isn't working (you didn't say so) but this achieves the exact same thing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.jt.bean;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;

/**
 * @author ze.liu
 * @since 2014/5/16
 */
public class User {

    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, String password) {
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(this.name, this.password);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (obj instanceof User) {
            User user = (User) obj;
            return user.getName().equals(this.getName());
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("User{");
        sb.append("id=").append(id);
        sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
        sb.append(", password='").append(password).append('\'');
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Give purpose to corporate team building activities. Corporate events should build stronger teams and boost morale.
Get away from the office, provide a unique challenge, create laughter, and help employees learn about each other.
Blazer Tag is the largest laser tag arena in Texas with a fast-paced, exciting atmosphere that makes stress disappear.
Advanced reservations are required. The Stress Reliever is only available during our normal operating hours. Payment must be made in full.
Advanced reservations are required. Team Building Missions are available anytime.
Advanced reservations are required. The Voyager is only available during our closed hours.
Advanced reservations are required. The Office Fun Lunch is available anytime. Payment must be made in full.
Host a completely private, laser tag event by renting the entire facility during non-business hours. Customize game times and bring in outside food/drinks, or purchase food/drinks from us. Our facility can host up to 450 people in the building and up to 57 players in a laser tag game for group events.
Advanced reservations are required. Payment must be made in full.
Deposit: A corporate event reservation requires a deposit of 50% of the expected total to schedule an event. Cash, credit cards, or debit cards are accepted. We do not accept checks and will not reserve events without a deposit.
Cancellation: A cancellation notice must be made no less than 24 hours prior to the event. If a 24-hour advance notification is provided for canceling an event, you may refund your deposit or keep it on file with us for one year. Less than 24-hour notice or a no-show forfeits a deposit.
No outside food or drinks are allowed, except with the rental of the entire facility in an Exclusive Facility Rental.


For the David Attenboroughs among us the whales are here now (June to October). This is the perfect time to experience the majestic beauty of the migrating giants of the sea.
We will arrange a trip out so you can experience this first hand and share your experiences with other guests.
For the connoisseur there are many wonderful eateries, wineries and even a boutique brewery in the surrounding area.
For the worker we have a in house recruitment agency helping people find short term paid work in the area so if your with us and a suitable position comes up we may be able to help.
Come and create some wonderful memories with us on the beautiful south coast of Western Australia we look forward to seeing you.


All 9 "Be" Series hats all in one place. Please keep in mind that many of these are free downloads, only 3 of these hats are paid patterns (Be Controlled, Be Good and Be Patient) and sell individually for $3 each. All hats are free licensing, so feel free to make them for yourself or for sale.
All 3 DaKine Woolie patterns in one easy download. Individually these retail for $21, purchasing the ebook will save you $3. (almost the entire cost of the DaKine Longies pattern!) Between these 3 patterns you will be able to knit woolies from newborn through toddlerhood in a wide assortment of styles, with multiple yarn choices as well.
A full crazy fun pattern loaded with extra's! This is another pattern in the Hawaiian Woolies series and specifically created with the cloth diapered community in mind.
10/31/2011. Pattern has been re-worked to include all sizes from infant though adult, please update your files.


CiaoCiao PetCare provides professional dog walking services in Irvine and Newport Beach.
Our specialty is group dog walking which provides socialization along with exercise in the great Orange County outdoors.
With pick-up and drop-off included in our service, we provide a more efficient & fun alternative to dog daycare.
Behavior Buddies offers Glendale, Burbank and surrounding areas dog training. We have a wide variety of program to fit your needs from private in-home dog training to group training classes.
We offer boarding of small to medium dogs, dog day care, daily dog walks, pet sitting, pet taxi, insulin shots and tender loving care.


text:
Q: How to SUM the value of the specific rows only? Would like to get the SUM of two specific rows in a table in mysql.
create table people(
    id int,
    firstname varchar(50),
    money int
);

id   firstname    money
1    david        100
2    jack         200
3    bob          300

Say I want the SUM of row 1(david) and row 3(bob) only. The total should be 400.
I used this query:
SELECT SUM(money)
FROM people
WHERE id = 1 AND 3;

but it turned out to be 100, and not 400 as I expected.

A: Here's your query. you can use case and in to get this.
select sum(case when id = 1 or id = 3 then money else 0 end) from people
or
select sum(money) from people where id in (1, 3)

A: The answer given by @Metal is the way to go:
SELECT SUM(money)
FROM people
WHERE id IN (1, 3);

I am mainly posting this to explain why your current query is giving you a sum of 100.  The reason is that the WHERE condition:
WHERE id = 1 AND 3

will only ever be true when id = 1, i.e. for David's record.  The value 3 is evaluating to true always.  So, you simply sum David's record and get a total of 100.

A: You have to use OR to select both the rows.
SELECT SUM(money)
FROM people
WHERE id = 1 OR id = 3;

A: you can find like this:
SELECT SUM(money)
FROM people
WHERE id =1
union
SELECT SUM(money)
FROM people
WHERE id =3

A: You Have to use this way.
    SELECT SUM(money) as Money
FROM people
WHERE id Between 1 and 3


What are the generic sources for poractant alfa and what is the scope of poractant alfa freedom to operate?
Poractant alfa is the generic ingredient in one branded drug marketed by Chiesi Usa Inc and is included in one NDA. Additional information is available in the individual branded drug profile pages.


And it looks like Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez are in the market for some art for their shared pad, as they checked out the pieces at the VIP preview of Art Basel in Miami on Wednesday.
The singer, 49, and ex sportsman, 43, took a long look at the international fair opening, surrounded by other celeb art fans.
Jennifer showed off her quirky sense of style in a skimpy black vest top, which flashed her incredible figure.
She teamed the plunging top with brown paperbag trousers, hitched up to reveal her chunky lace-up boots.
The superstar kept her mirrored shades on while inside, and accessorised with huge hoop earrings and a slicked black hairdo.


text:
What Wicomico schools' new attendance policy means for you and your child
Wicomico County public schools updated its attendance rules for the 2019-2020 school year. Here's what students and parents need to know.
What Wicomico schools' new attendance policy means for you and your child Wicomico County public schools updated its attendance rules for the 2019-2020 school year. Here's what students and parents need to know. Check out this story on delmarvanow.com: https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2019/09/26/wicomico-schools-attendance-policy-rules-penalties-md/2342476001/
Lucas Gonzalez, Salisbury Daily Times Published 6:30 p.m. ET Sept. 26, 2019 | Updated 10:25 a.m. ET Sept. 30, 2019
As students of Wicomico County public schools settle into the school year, they'll need to keep an eye on their attendance.
The district revised its attendance policy and procedure, which includes changes to how many days a student can miss and how absences affect a student's grades.
The changes are designed to combat chronic absenteeism, according to a group of staff members who worked closely with the new procedure.
"Our goal is to have great attendance for every student. Being in class every day is key to succeeding in academics and reaching that very important milestone of graduation," said Kelley Morris-Springston, director of school climate and safety.
Here's what students and parents need to know about the changes.
►Parents react: Why they are irate about attendance policy changes
To whom do the changes apply?
The updated policy and procedure impact all students in grades K-12. There are a separate policy and procedure for pre-K and evening high school students.
When will they take effect?
Students and parents arrive at Charles H. Chipman Elementary School in Salisbury, Maryland on Thursday, Sept. 5, 2019. (Photo: Staff photo by Rose Velazquez)
The new policy and procedure are valid for the 2019-2020 academic year, which began on Sept. 4.
However, the first marking term, which lasts until Nov. 6, is a "no fault" period — that means no student would fail their classes for having five or more unexcused absences during that term, according to the attendance team.
"We're going to do everything we would have done, but if they don't complete the attendance intervention plan, they'll still have the grade that they currently have. If that happens in terms two and they don't complete it, they would end up not passing," said Don Brady, director of secondary education.
►Board of Education: Wicomico County Board of Education's newest member sworn in
Will a student automatically fail with five unexcused absences?
The short answer is no.
A now-deleted Facebook post from a school account incorrectly stated that students with five or more unexcused absences will automatically fail their classes.
The post was promptly removed and parents were notified of the miscommunication, according to Tracy Sahler, public information officer for the district.
However, screenshots of the original post remain on Facebook and have sparked confusion and outrage from several commentators.
►New leaders: Wicomico schools name principals, vice principals for 2019-2020 school year
"There's no automatic failure," said Don Brady, director of secondary education. "What will happen if they get five unexcused absences is the school will enact an attendance intervention plan."
'Attendance intervention plan?'
The details of a plan would depend on a student's grade level and what parents and the school agree upon.
A primary student may complete a creative writing activity or solve math problems, for example, while a secondary student may participate in tutoring or after-school activities.
"We want to make sure we not only bring attention to the student, but we include the parent as part of this communication piece," Morris-Springston said. "At the end of the day, it's all about the kid being successful."
An attendance intervention plan may require a student to stay after school for up to two hours a day, according to a handout from the district.
"After-school time is one option at any grade level. Secondary schools may have a structured after-school program already in place, but there are many different approaches throughout the school system," Sahler said.
"As elementary principals create attendance intervention plans to fit each student's situation, they may look different from grade to grade and case to case."
►School start debate: What does new economic data mean for Marylanders?
Students who accumulate five unexcused absences during a marking term will be required to participate in an intervention plan, the procedure stated.
Until a student completes the plan, they will be recorded as failing the marking term. Once the intervention plan has been completed, the student will recover any failing grades as a result of unexcused absences.
The student would receive failing grades in all courses for the marking term if they were to not complete the program.
What if a student has more than five unexcused absences?
Continued unexcused absences beyond five can result in referral to outside agencies through the Wicomico County Truancy Reduction Program, according to the district's website.
What happens leading up to the fifth unexcused absence?
Parents can expect a phone call from the school for each day their child has an unexcused absence, according to the procedure.
Upon a second unexcused absence, a conference will be held with the student upon their return. A conference could involve developing a plan to make up missed coursework and/or meeting with the school principal, according to the attendance team.
More: Boy's rare disease causes constant itching, will harm his liver
"It could look different (for) different levels. An elementary student conversation is certainly different than (with) a middle schooler or high schooler," Brady said. "It would depend on the situation."
Upon a third, parents will receive a written notification from a school staff member.
Once a student obtains four unexcused absences, a home-school liaison or student advisor will contact the parent and/or conduct a home visit "as necessary," the procedure stated.
Actions will be recorded in an attendance journal.
What if my child needs to miss school due to illness?
Schools will accept up to five handwritten excuse notes from a parent or guardian, which must be received within five school days after the absence, according to the procedure.
A doctor's note will be required for every absence after five notes from a parent or guardian; otherwise, the absence will remain unexcused, according to the attendance team.
The attendance team said the district has always asked for excuse notes regarding absences and that doctor's notes have always been preferred over notes from the parent or guardian.
What about other absences?
Students are allowed three excused absences for family vacations or trips. To be given consideration, a written request must be submitted at least 10 days in advance, the procedure stated.
A vacation request will not be granted during an exam or state-mandated testing period unless authorized by the principal/designee.
► Juvenile Justice: How Maryland breaks the cycle of detention with family support
Other activities or work situations are up to the discretion of the principal/designee. They could include college visits or orientations, for juniors and seniors only, or scheduled interviews with prospective employers.
To submit a request, parents must fill out an Advance Request for Absence form.
Questions about the new policy and procedure can be directed to the Wicomico County Board of Education. Each of the following members may be contacted via email.
Donald L. Fitzgerald: dfitzger@wcboe.org
N. Eugene "Gene" Malone Jr.: gmalone@wcboe.org
Allen C. Brown, Sr.: abrown@wcboe.org
John Palmer: jpalmer@wcboe.org
Tonya Laird Lewis: tlewis@wcboe.org
Michael G. Murray: mmurray@wcboe.org
Ann B. Suthowski: asuthowsk@wcboe.org
The board's meetings are held at alternating times on the second Tuesday of each month at 101 Long Ave. For a full list of meetings, visit www.wcboe.org/Page/4457.
Follow reporter Lucas Gonzalez on Twitter @fez_irl.
Read or Share this story: https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2019/09/26/wicomico-schools-attendance-policy-rules-penalties-md/2342476001/
Boscov's plans growth at its Salisbury location

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rivka Eilfort is an 18-year-old Chassidic singer/songwriter whose parents are Rabbi Yeruchem and Nechama Eilfort of Chabad at La Costa. The former Chabad Hebrew Academy student sings deep, mystical lyrics while playing guitar in rhythm to a beautiful folksy tune like a natural star.
Rivka says she wants to study music and pursue a professional music career. She dreams of performing concerts for Jewish girls and recording CDs. Until now, opportunities were scarce for Orthodox female artists who adhere to laws of modesty and do not perform in front of men.
A new groundbreaking program, called Tzohar Seminary for Chassidus and the Arts, opened its doors last September in Pittsburgh, Penn., for a group of 11 talented young women who are singing its praises — or dancing, painting, writing, performing and filming.
Rivka, one of the 11 in this inaugural class, is now studying in the traditional Judaic track after high school but also developing her passion for music. She is already learning new skills at Tzohar to help her along the way — reading music, videography (to create music videos), music theory and voice lessons by a professional opera singer.
Tzohar marks the first time a seminary is integrating Chassidus, also known as mysticsm — the deeper, inner dimensions of Torah learning — with the creative arts so that the two play off of one another. The name, explains founder and director Amy Gordon Guterson on the Web site, refers to a window that let light into Noah's ark, and also a precious stone that emitted light.
By offering courses comparable to those in secular university fine arts programs, like writing, music, dance, fine arts, theatre and filmmaking, as well as Chassidus courses taught by notable teachers, students are developing their skills in a creative yet sacred environment. Many Chassidic women don't attend university because the secular influences are not in line with their lifestyles. Here they can have the best of both worlds.
Guterson, a Pittsburgh artist herself, studied theatre at Stern College for Women in New York, then earned her graduate degree in acting from The New Actors Workshop. She studied with acclaimed actress Uta Hagen and respected director Mike Nichols and was a member of Actor's Equity who performed Off-Broadway.
Her journey led her from the secular theater world, where she was an actress, to the Jewish community in Pittsburgh, where she became involved in creative community projects.
In the past, Guterson struggled with what she saw as a restriction for frum and female artists — not only couldn't she grace the stage on Shabbat, but she was restricted in performing for a general mixed audience.
"The limitations of not being able to act in the theater world on Shabbat made me create my own opportunities and become a writer, director and producer as well," Guterson says.
Among her achievements was creating the award-winning festival film, "Becoming Rachel," and leading a women's theater group in her community called "Kol Isha," which created original productions based on issues of Jewish womanhood and Jewish unity.
Guterson believes her seminary is filling the need to create venues for religious female artists. Her past journey was a motivating factor in opening the school, as was her consideration of her own musical daughter's future. In addition to plays, videos and artistic projects her students share with the community, they also teach after school arts at the Jewish day schools and teach Judasim through the arts in local Hebrew schools.
It's also helping to connect the community of Pittsburgh, which serves as a focal point for many local artists and writers now practicing Judaism. There's an impressive array of faculty with artistic and academic backgrounds who serve as mentors and teachers to its students, some in the Jewish learning arena and others as hands-on artists.
Guterson pooled teachers from nearby, such as Leibel Cohen, creator of the popular "Agent Emes" DVD series for Jewish children, who is teaching filmmaking, and Shais Taub, worldwide lecturer and author of the successful teaching tool "The Map of Tanya" and "Soul Maps," who is teaching a course called "Chassidus and Creativity." Leah-Perl Shollar, an educator and published author, is teaching creative writing with Jewish sources.
Guterson sees her role as "nurturing students' talents" and is teaching theater and the class "Creativity and the Arts," where students spend time in the morning before prayers for self-exploration through writing. Second semester, they focus on Jewish women and build a Story Theatre Production of Biblical women; third semester they explore their purpose according to Chassidus: Bringing light into the world.
"The Creative process is a Godly one," Guterson says. She wants her students to integrate learning, creativity and life with Chassidus and the other Judaic classes offered, such as Jewish Law, Tanya, Chumash, Jewish History and Talks of the Lubavitcher Rebbes.
The school's principal is Rabbi Aaron Herman, known for his teaching skills and developing curricula, including JLI courses. After spending 13 years as Chabad rabbi in Raleigh, N.C., Rabbi Herman returned to his hometown of Pittsburgh as Tzohar was getting started.
For example, Rabbi Herman says students can "take something dry and make it alive" by acting out a case discussed in Jewish law.
Rochel Goldsmith, a student at Tzohar who grew up in Iowa, decided to attend the seminary because her mother is an artist, and she grew up in an artistic home.
Wanting to pursue a career in the arts, Goldsmith originally planned to attend Pratt Institute and then heard about Tzohar.
Goldsmith's mother, Shoshana Goldsmith, says she wanted to send her daughter to a seminary where she could develop her artistic talents and also nurture her spiritual growth; Tzohar was the only such place.
Over the past few years there has been an emerging community of frum female artists, especially in the world of film and theater. Many of them belong to ATARA — the Arts and Torah Association for Religious Artists — founded four years ago by Miriam Leah Droz, a frum actress originally from Pittsburgh who now lives in New York. Through emails and listserves, the organization connects religious artistic women and provides opportunities, event listings and an annual convention in New York packed with classes, workshops and performances with women from around the U.S.
Guterson is a board member for ATARA and has taught master acting and play development classes at its conferences. She plans to take her students on a trip to the three-day event, held this coming March in New York, where they'll experience other frum women in performance and media arts.
Witnessing Guterson's success with many projects for their school, she admired Guterson's new concept for the arts seminary.
For more information, visit www.tzoharseminary.com or call (412) 521-1197.


I think this can help us find the last clue.
A - "Becky, you are a rascal to ask that question and I have been sitting here for about fifteen minutes trying to decide what to say. Well, it has been thirty minutes now and I think I'll pass on the question. Sorry.f"
No, it cannot be confirmed until BOTG. There are two clues as to what it is but you'll only be guessing until you see it.
Just another email that makes me think Forrest writes them himself. Or edits them. Pre-determined shouldn't be hyphenated ? Which Forrest seems to like to do. becky didn't capitalize her own name? Usually never last names. Except for a few odd ones. Makes me believe there is more to the questions then his usual coy or humorous responses.
By-product vs. Biproduct. Two totally different meanings. But Forrest used Bi-product ??
The stanza four "whole" describes the "blaze" and its "condition".
The sixth stanza has the last clue that, besides confirming the stanza 4, says exactly how to enter the "wood".
"No, it can not be confirmed until BOTG. There are two clues about what it is, but you'll only guess until you see."
Unless.... you have a detailed photo of the place.
While I'm at the over thinking. What if title to the gold. Is not title = ownership. But the name of the poem. Which he forgot about doing. Or his final great masterpiece "DRAWING" he always wanted to do. The map. If it happened to be a title to the poem. The second word is Brown.
The title is "The indulgece" - IMO only.
He definitely carefully crafts those answers and often packs them with hidden meaning. This one no exception.
Sounds like Forrest's intent was to provide an explanation, but that it would reveal too much.
If you are of the opinion that Forrest writes some of these questions, or manipulated the word "pre-determined" and gave Becky's name a lowercase "B", you might surmise that Forrest is hinting that someone other than Becky has (previously) determined the blaze. Also, his first words to paper came 15 minutes, or halfway, into the 30 minutes he spent contemplating a reply; that would be in the middle, which is significant.
Are you yankin' our chains or do you really think he meant someone else previously determined the blaze?


text:
Apple's Back to School promotion returns to Australia and New Zealand w/ a Beats Solo2 promo
Greg Barbosa
- Feb. 3rd 2016 7:15 am PT
@gregbarbosa
Apple's annual Back to School program returns in Australia and New Zealand with a promotion to receive a pair of Beats Solo2 On-Ear Headphones with qualifiying Mac purchases. Customers may also alternatively choose to receive savings on a new iPad (although there is currently an error on both sites not indicating how much can be saved). Last year's promotion in Australia and New Zealand included an Apple Store gift card up to A$100/NZ$125, so it's nice to see them promoting the acquired Beats brand and giving away instant credit for the headphones.
When purchasing a new iMac, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, or Mac Pro, customers can elect to receive credit towards the purchase of a pair of Beats Solo2 On-Ear Headphones or a pair of the Beats Solo2 Wireless On-Ear Headphones. It's important to note that because the Wireless On-Ear model is more expensive, customers will have to pay the remaining difference of A$140/NZ$180.
Education pricing is available to university students, students accepted into university, parents buying for university students, teachers, lecturers and staff at all levels.
― Apple Student Discount
Apple notes that the Mac mini and refurbished Apple computers are not eligible for this promotion and that the qualifying purchases must be made between February 3, 2016 and March 21, 2016.
This year's promotion in Australia and New Zealand follows a similar promotion the Back to School program Apple had in the United States last August with the Beats Solo2 headphones.
Apple's Mac lineup consists of MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, Mac Pro, and Mac Mini. The Mac runs macOS for its operating system.
Breaking news for iPhone, iPad, and iPod. Be the first to know about product launches, iOS updates, product carriers reports, and competitor analysis.
Beats Apple Australia New Zealand Back to School
Greg Barbosa is the Product Manager at Electrek, 9to5Google, 9to5Mac, and 9to5Toys and a writer for 9to5Mac. Email him at greg@9to5mac.com.
Greg Barbosa's favorite gear
Nomad Workstation
All the tools I use to keep me productive and moving while out and about.
iPhone Camera Gear
Accessories and apps I use to get the best possible shots with my iPhone.


text:
import {
  compose,
  curry,
  equals,
  head,
  last,
  not,
  join,
  repeat,
  length
} from 'ramda'

import {
  appendTo,
  removeFrom,
  children,
  setTextContent,
  setStyle,
  createElement
} from './ramda-dom'

const getComputedProperty = curry((property, element) => window.getComputedStyle(element).getPropertyValue(property))

const getPaddingTop = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('padding-top'))
const getPaddingBottom = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('padding-bottom'))
const getBorderTop = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('border-top-width'))
const getBorderBottom = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('border-bottom-width'))
const getMarginTop = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('margin-top'))
const getMarginBottom = compose(parseFloat, getComputedProperty('margin-bottom'))

const isPositionedAbsolute = element => getComputedProperty('position', element) === 'absolute'
const isPositionedFixed = element => getComputedProperty('position', element) === 'fixed'
const isFloating = element => not(equals('none', getComputedProperty('float', element)))

const getFullContentHeight = element => {
  let removeThisToo = 0

  if (isPositionedAbsolute(element) || isPositionedFixed(element) || isFloating(element)) {
    if (length(children(element)) > 0) {
      removeThisToo += getMarginTop(head(children(element)))
      removeThisToo += getMarginBottom(last(children(element)))
    }
  } else {
    if (getBorderTop(element) && length(children(element)) > 0) {
      removeThisToo += getMarginTop(head(children(element)))
    }
    if (getBorderBottom(element) && length(children(element)) > 0) {
      removeThisToo += getMarginBottom(last(children(element)))
    }
  }

  return element.scrollHeight - getPaddingTop(element) - getPaddingBottom(element) - removeThisToo
}

const getVisibleContentHeight = element => {
  return element.clientHeight - getPaddingTop(element) - getPaddingBottom(element)
}

const getBoxHeight = node =>
  getBorderTop(node) +
  getPaddingTop(node) +
  getFullContentHeight(node) +
  getPaddingBottom(node) +
  getBorderBottom(node)

const getSpace = element => {
  const space = compose(
    setTextContent('W'),
    appendTo(element),
    setStyle('display:inline-block'),
    createElement
  )('span')

  const sizeOfWrapper = space.getBoundingClientRect().width

  setTextContent('W W', space)

  const measure = {
    height: space.getBoundingClientRect().height,
    width: space.getBoundingClientRect().width - 2 * sizeOfWrapper
  }

  removeFrom(element, space)

  return measure
}

const checkMinimalFit = (element, remainingSpaceWithoutMargin, lastMarginBottom) => {
  const margin = Math.max(getMarginTop(element), lastMarginBottom)
  const lineHeight = getSpace(element).height
  return remainingSpaceWithoutMargin >= margin + getBorderTop(element) + getPaddingTop(element) + lineHeight
}

const checkFullFit = (element, remainingSpaceWithoutMargin, lastMarginBottom) => {
  const margin = Math.max(getMarginTop(element), lastMarginBottom)
  return remainingSpaceWithoutMargin >= margin + getBoxHeight(element)
}

const generateMeasurementText = compose(join(''), repeat('a'))

const getMeasurement = (source, width, prop) => {
  const measurement = compose(
    appendTo(source),
    setStyle('position:absolute;visibility:hidden'),
    setTextContent(generateMeasurementText(width)),
    createElement
  )('div')

  const result = measurement.getBoundingClientRect()[prop]

  removeFrom(source, measurement)

  return result
}
const getMeasurementWidth = (source, width) => getMeasurement(source, width, 'width')
const getMeasurementHeight = (source, width) => getMeasurement(source, width, 'height')

export {
  getComputedProperty,
  isPositionedAbsolute,
  isPositionedFixed,
  isFloating,
  getFullContentHeight,
  getVisibleContentHeight,
  getBoxHeight,
  getPaddingTop,
  getPaddingBottom,
  getBorderTop,
  getBorderBottom,
  getMarginTop,
  getMarginBottom,
  getSpace,
  checkMinimalFit,
  checkFullFit,
  generateMeasurementText,
  getMeasurementWidth,
  getMeasurementHeight
}


On your tour you will have a full day to explore Johanessburg and Soweto with a visit to the historical Apartheid Museum. First you can enjoy direct hotel pick-up before you head out into Johanessburg, the City of Gold to see the sights. You will then discover the hidden history of Soweto where the famous world icon, Nelson Mandela, hails from including the vast rich black township of Soweto where the whole of South Africa traces its history from. Pass by the street where two Nobel Prize winners once lived, Mandela and Tutu. Apartheid Museum will cap off your tour with its history of apartheid.
You will be picked up direct from your Johannesburg hotel. Please provide hotel information when you make your booking.


Volterock Review is dedicated to inform and amaze the passionate enthusiast, both creators and fans alike, of developing music culture on the cutting edge of future sonic advancement. Volterock Review originated from Volterock, a multidisciplinary auditory and visual outlet with a focus to help and inform on the culture of music and art in an educational format while expanding into a net-label and now a artist collective dedicated to forward thinking discovery.
Leyla Ek is a Swedish songwriter, producer, and DJ based in Los Angeles. With her strong musical skills from her classically trained background as a Cellist, Leyla's music is all about the bass and specializes in Deep & Future House.


text:
#ifndef ZD_DBCFILERS_H
#define ZD_DBCFILERS_H 1

#include "zdbfiler.h"
#pragma pack (push, 8)

class ZcDbWblockCloneFiler;
class ZcDbImpDeepCloneFiler;

class ZcDbDeepCloneFiler: public ZcDbDwgFiler
{
    friend class ZcDbSystemInternals;
public:
    ZCRX_DECLARE_MEMBERS(ZcDbDeepCloneFiler);
    ZcDbDeepCloneFiler();
    virtual ~ZcDbDeepCloneFiler();

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus filerStatus() const;
    virtual ZcDb::FilerType   filerType() const;
    virtual void              setFilerStatus(Zcad::ErrorStatus);
    virtual void              resetFilerStatus();

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readHardOwnershipId(ZcDbHardOwnershipId*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeHardOwnershipId(const ZcDbHardOwnershipId&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readSoftOwnershipId(ZcDbSoftOwnershipId*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeSoftOwnershipId(const ZcDbSoftOwnershipId&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readHardPointerId(ZcDbHardPointerId*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeHardPointerId(const ZcDbHardPointerId&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readSoftPointerId(ZcDbSoftPointerId*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeSoftPointerId(const ZcDbSoftPointerId&);

	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readInt8(ZSoft::Int8 *);
	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeInt8(ZSoft::Int8 );

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readString(ZTCHAR **);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeString(const ZTCHAR *);

	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readString(ZcString &);
	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeString(const ZcString &);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readBChunk(zds_binary*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeBChunk(const zds_binary&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readZcDbHandle(ZcDbHandle*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeZcDbHandle(const ZcDbHandle&);

	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readInt64(ZSoft::Int64*);
	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeInt64(ZSoft::Int64);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readInt32(ZSoft::Int32*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeInt32(ZSoft::Int32);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readInt16(ZSoft::Int16*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeInt16(ZSoft::Int16);

	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readUInt64(ZSoft::UInt64*);
	virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeUInt64(ZSoft::UInt64);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readUInt32(ZSoft::UInt32*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeUInt32(ZSoft::UInt32);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readUInt16(ZSoft::UInt16*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeUInt16(ZSoft::UInt16);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readUInt8(ZSoft::UInt8*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeUInt8(ZSoft::UInt8);

#ifdef ZSoft_Boolean_is_bool
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readInt(int*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeInt(int);
#endif

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readBoolean(ZSoft::Boolean*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeBoolean(ZSoft::Boolean);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readBool(bool*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeBool(bool);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readDouble(double*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeDouble(double);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readPoint2d(ZcGePoint2d*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writePoint2d(const ZcGePoint2d&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readPoint3d(ZcGePoint3d*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writePoint3d(const ZcGePoint3d&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readVector2d(ZcGeVector2d*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeVector2d(const ZcGeVector2d&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readVector3d(ZcGeVector3d*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeVector3d(const ZcGeVector3d&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readScale3d(ZcGeScale3d*);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeScale3d(const ZcGeScale3d&);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readBytes(void*, ZSoft::UInt32);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeBytes(const void*, ZSoft::UInt32);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus readAddress(void **);
    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus writeAddress(const void *);

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus seek(long offset, int method);
    virtual long              tell() const;

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus addReferences(ZcDbIdRefQueue&);
    virtual              bool usesReferences() const;
    virtual ZcDbFilerController& controller() const;

    virtual bool              getNextOwnedObject(ZcDbObjectId& id);
    virtual bool              moreOwnedObjects() const;

protected:
    ZcDbDeepCloneFiler(ZcDbSystemInternals*);
private:
    ZcDbImpDeepCloneFiler*      mpImpFiler;
};

class ZcDbWblockCloneFiler: public  ZcDbDeepCloneFiler
{
    friend class ZcDbSystemInternals;
public:
    ZCRX_DECLARE_MEMBERS(ZcDbWblockCloneFiler);

    ZcDbWblockCloneFiler();

    virtual Zcad::ErrorStatus addReferences(ZcDbIdRefQueue&);
    virtual              bool usesReferences() const;

    virtual bool              getNextHardObject(ZcDbObjectId& id);
    virtual bool              moreHardObjects() const;

    virtual ZcDb::FilerType   filerType() const;
};

#pragma pack (pop)
#endif


text:
About J.L. Campbell
Pinterest Story Boards
Par-For-The-Course Series
Foolish Choices Through Fixation
Natasha knew me too well. She waited until I was into the music before she pounced. "So, why am I dropping you off and picking you up from Josh when you said you'd broken up with him?"
"I never said we'd broken up."
"Right. This may mean I need a visit to the doctor's office to get my ears syringed, since my hearing is obviously shot."
I sighed and then went back to singing along with Chronixx's latest hit.
"So you're gonna ignore me?"
"Yes, since you're trying to stress me out."
She sighed and then glanced my way after letting a group of pedestrians cross the street. "I don't mean to come down on you, but like I said, Josh brings out the worst in you and even if things are great now, sooner or later the two of you will be fighting again."
I sat up in the seat. What she said might be true, but it didn't give her the authority to interfere in my life. "Josh makes me happy—"
Her eye roll stopped me in mid sentence. "What's that bit of drama supposed to mean."
"I just told you that boy makes you crazy as hell and you're telling me he makes you happy? Get your head on straight, Kell."
"Why are we arguing over this?"
She gripped the wheel hard and then sighed, long and loud. "You're right. It's your life. If you think the frequent ups and downs with him are worth it, then to hell with what I think."
"Exactly." I folded my arms and let out a sneaky grin. "He makes me soooo happy."
She gave me a killing glare. "What the hell did he just do to you?"
I couldn't hold her gaze, so I looked away.
She let out a spiteful laugh. "Don't tell me you let him feel you up inside that house."
I cleared my throat, but didn't say anything. The traffic became a source of fascination and I counted cars going in the opposite direction.
"You didn't," she said, adding a snicker.
When I still didn't speak, she crowed, "You did, didn't you? Stupid girl."
"For your information, we had fun. I enjoyed it and that's what matters."
She brought the car to a stop at my gate and turned to face me. "I'm sorry I laughed, but … " She opened her hands as if searching for words. "If it's not something the two of you agreed to do for the thrill factor, then it's what I said, him taking the opportunity to cop a feel."
"Not everything in this life has to be deathly serious, you know."
"I know, Kell, but I also know you. You're not the kind of girl who throws herself around."
"You're in a steady and happy relationship with Karim, so you think it gives you the right to tell other people what to do."
She pulled back, her eyes and mouth wide open. "You think that's what I'm doing?"
"Isn't it?"
She lowered her eyebrows in a frown. "I'm only telling you these things because I love you and don't want to see you hurting again. End of story."
"Thanks," I said in a tone that made it clear I wasn't the least bit grateful. "But, I'm a big girl and I can take care of myself."
She licked her lip as if thinking about what she was going to say next. She waited until our eyes met before she spoke. "Well then, don't call me to take you back and forth as long as you're going to see him."
"Are you serious?"
"As a judge."
"But—"
"That's my decision and this is my car."
She had to be kidding, but her expression said she wasn't joking.
I flung the door open, stumbled out and nearly crashed to the grass. When I got my knees to hold me straight, I slammed the door and spoke to her through the window. "You can take your decision and your car and shove them right up your ass, Miss Goody-Goody."
Natasha got out of the car and I swore she would rip my head off right there on the sidewalk, but all she did was lock up while looking at me over the roof.
I didn't know what made me spew like that, but I also didn't want to apologize. Too bad I'd already typed up her damn paper and emailed it. Otherwise, she would have been in a spot because I wouldn't be lifting a finger to help her.
Fixation on Amazon
I've got a special offer going (check out the envelope), so join my mailing list here.
Posted by J.L. Campbell at 12:54 PM
Labels: Fixation, J.L. Campbell, New Adult, romance
Angela Brown June 1, 2015 at 11:24 AM
I thought it was about to be a cat fight! That was some intense exchange.
J.L. Campbell June 7, 2015 at 1:19 PM
Nope, these girls tell it like it is and then move on.
Michael Offutt, Phantom Reader June 1, 2015 at 2:57 PM
You always use the best verbs. It makes all the action that much more intense.
Thanks, Micheal. I am all about studying the craft.
That was some serious catfight :). Thanks for sharing this Joy, and here's wishing you well for the book. I"m looking for guest posters to talk about writing for my Wordpress blog-- was wondering if you'd be interested.
Thanks, Damyanti. Call on me any time,
aisyahputrisetiawan March 13, 2016 at 11:03 PM
Banned complain !! Complaining only causes life and mind become more severe. Enjoy the rhythm of the problems faced. No matter ga life, not a problem not learn, so enjoy it :)
Makanan Sehat Yang Mampu Mencegah Datangnya Penyakit Kanker
Awas Polusi Udara Bisa Sebabkan Anak Asma
Cara Mengatasi Masalah Ejakulasi Dini
Penyakit Pada Organ Vagina Bisa Disebabkan Virus Dan Bakteri
Beberapa Lurah Cantik Yang Ada Di Indonesia
Obat Infeksi Jantung Yang Paling Aman
Obat Herbal Penghancur Lemak Dalam Darah
Makanan Sehat Penderita Batu Empedu
Tips Alami Untuk Membersihkan Kuman Akibat Penyakit
Waspada Meningitis Bakteri Yang Menyerang Bayi
Don't be shy. I'd love to hear what you think.
Sweet Romance - Book 3
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2020 Upcoming Awesome & Less Awesome Trends
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Waiting on Wednesday: Reconnected
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Crystal Collier


Located in Bormio Casa Michela Bormio offers free bike rental and a self-catering apartment with free Wi-Fi. The property is 500 metres from Terme di Bormio thermal baths. The apartment will provide you with a TV and a fully equipped kitchenette with dishwasher and microwave. The bathroom has a hairdryer. At Casa Michela Bormio you will find a garden and free parking. The Bormio cable car is a 5-minute walk away. Guests enjoy discounts at various restaurants ski schools and sports stores as well as at the town's Bagni Vecchi and Bagni Nuovi thermal spas.


text:
HomeEuropeSwedish Gripen Chased Russian Su-24 Nuclear-Armed Bomber Out of Gotland, Report
March 31, 2022 GDC Europe 0
Swedish Air Force's Gripen intercepts Russian Su-24 bombers carrying live nuclear bombs. Su-24 was escorted by two Su-27 fighter jets. Picture: Swedish Air Force/TT/AFP
Russian bombers armed with nuclear warheads reportedly entered European Union air space earlier this month, before being intercepted by fighter jets.
Sweden Hikes Defense Spending Amid Russia Tensions
Swedish media reports four of Vladimir Putin's warplanes swooped in over the Baltic towards the island of Gotland, in the Baltic Sea.
TV4, Expressen and Aftonbladet all report the formation included two Sukhoi Su-24 bombers and two Sukhoi SU-27 fighters.
The bombers – as seen in the photo below with the single stabiliser tails – were the ones armed with nukes, The Sun reports.
It was the two Su-24 bombers that were supposedly carrying nuclear weapons (Picture: AP)
The warplanes took off from a Russian airbase in the enclave of Kaliningrad on March 2. Sweden confirmed the intrusion into its air space had occurred earlier this month, but the revelation that Russia's bombers were armed with nukes has only emerged now.
Sweden responded to the intrusion by deploying two JAS-39 Gripen jets to intercept them. The nation's military officials concluded the bombers were armed with nuclear warheads after examining images of them.
"We assess it as a conscious action. Which is very serious, especially as Russia is a warring country," Air Force Chief Carl-Johan Edstrom said.
"I cannot rule out incorrect navigation, but everything indicates that it was a deliberate act. They violated Sweden's borders."
The incident occurred a day after Putin suggested Sweden and Finland could face military action from Russia if they joined NATO.
It also came just after Sweden pledged to send military aid, including 5000 antitank weapons, to Ukraine.
It was the first time since 1939 that Sweden had sent weapons to any country at war.
SU-24s are supersonic two-seater attack aircraft, which have been in service since before the fall of the Soviet Union. They have been used by both sides in the war between Russia and Ukraine.
Russia is understood to have at least 500 nuclear weapons designated for use by their bombers, according to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Sweden believes the act was deliberate.
At the time of the incursion, defence minister Peter Hultqvist said: "The Russian violation of Swedish airspace is of course completely unacceptable.
"It will lead to a firm diplomatic response from Sweden. Swedish sovereignty and territory must always be respected."
The military said it was taking the incident "very seriously" and branded the incursion "unprofessional and irresponsible".
Jörgen Elfving, a former lieutenant colonel, told Aftonbladet that the incident raised questions over whether Sweden should be in NATO.
He said: "If you now have a weapon system that can carry nuclear weapons and do so, it is not an everyday event.
"Handling nuclear weapons is not done by anyone, it is not a routine event."
The former officer said such an incident has not happened since the Cold War.
Russian bombers have previously been reported to have been carrying nuclear weapons while on exercises near Western nations.
It was reported in 2015 that on at least two occasions Putin's planes had been carrying nukes near the United Kingdom.
SU-24 is a supersonic two-seater bomber that has been in service since before the fall of the Soviet Union. Both sides have used them in the war between Russia and Ukraine.
On the contrary, Saab Gripen is a modern state-of-the-art 4.5 generation fighter jet armed with advanced Meteor beyond visual range missiles, IRIS-T short-range air-to-air missiles and long-range cruise missiles capable of destroying any invading forces.
Sweden designed and built Gripen fighter jet to shoot down Russia's Su-35 first met its adversary in March 2022. Although Gripen enforced air patrolling over Gotland island, Gripen didn't engage missiles in midair.
Gripen
nuclear bomb
Swedish Air Force
Humiliating Russia: Ukraine Has More Tanks Now Than When It Started War
Modernized Tomahawk Cruise Missiles to Get Raytheon Guidance Systems
Russia May Run Out Of Iranian-made Shahed-136 Kamikaze Drones
December 2, 2022 GDC Europe, Loitering Munitions 0
Russia is close to exhausting its current stockpile of Iranian-manufactured drones, Britain's defense ministry assessed on Wednesday. The ministry said in its daily intelligence update on the war in Ukraine that nearly ten months into […]
Russian Forces Destroyed Ka-52 Helicopter Before Leaving Hostomel Airport Near Kyiv
April 30, 2022 GDC Europe 0
Russian forces destroyed their own attack helicopter to keep it from falling into Ukrainian Soldiers' hands following a massive helicopter paratrooper drop in Hostomel Airport near Kyiv. The Ka-52 (NATO reporting name Hokum-B) attack helicopter […]
EU Pledges Fighter Jets Transfers to Ukraine, Sweden Breaks Neutrality
The European Union (EU) has said it will provide fighter jets to Ukraine as part of a €450 million ($502.3 million) support package of lethal aid. European foreign ministers agreed to the package, along with […]
Tomahawk Block V Cruise Missile Entered Service With The U.S. Navy
WASHINGTON (GDC) — Raytheon delivers the first of the U.S. Navy's new Block V Tomahawk, an upgraded version of the service's venerable land-attack missile that will ultimately include the ability to target ships at sea [...]
Hellenic Navy Buys Three FDI (Belharra-class) Frigates
Northrop Grumman Awarded A Contract For Sea Skimming Target Vehicle
The US Navy has awarded a production contract to Northrop Grumman for GQM-163A 'Coyote' supersonic sea-skimming target (SSST) vehicles. The $57m contract covers the production of 19 target vehicles. It comes with options for an [...]
Saab Gripen Exits from Swiss Air 2030 Program
Switzerland kicked off the fly competition last April for the five types of combat aircraft under consideration (Eurofighter Typhoon, the Boeing F-18 Super Hornet, the Dassault Rafale, the Lockheed Martin F-35A and the Saab Gripen [...]
Iraq Plans To Buy Bayraktar TB2, T-129 And Koral EW From Turkey
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Sandra Márquez is a Mexican-American native of Chicago. She earned her degree from Saint Xavier University in the Communication Disorders undergraduate program. Prior to graduate school, Sandra spent one year as a speech-language paraprofessional in the Chicago Public Schools. Sandra went on to receive her master's degree from New Mexico State University where she was enrolled in Dr. Hortencia Kayser's Bilingual Communication Disorders program. Sandra is in her tenth year as a bilingual speech-language pathologist, of which all has been spent working with Bilingual Therapies. She currently works in the Summit, IL school district as a supervisor for two speech-language paraprofessionals.
With the increasing demand for Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP) across the country, school districts face the challenge of meeting the needs of students identified with speech, language, and overall communication impairments. Compounding this challenge is the increase of English Language Learners (ELL) requiring speech-language services as the population increases in the United States. As the demand for speech-language pathologists grows so do the demands for district administrators to meet the needs of all students requiring speech-language services, their school district, and to work within the legal guidelines delineated at the state and federal level. To meet these demands, many states across the country have passed legislation allowing Speech-Language Aides (SLPA) or Speech-Language Paraprofessionals (SLPP) to provide varying levels of support in the field of speech-language pathology under the direct supervision of a certified and licensed SLP. As the description of both an SLPA and SLPP vary from state to state, general descriptions will be discussed as well as general guidelines for supervising bilingual SLPAs and SLPPs working with a linguistically diverse population.
It is important to note that the acronym SLPA also refers to a speech-language pathology assistant whom many states use interchangeably with speech-language pathology paraprofessional (SLPP) or speech-language pathology aides (SLPA). It is important for clinicians to seek out the description and responsibilities for a SLPA and SLPP for the state in which they practice, as there is great variance among states and may differ from the American Speech-Language Hearing Association's (ASHA) descriptions and scope of practice.
For the purpose of this article a SLPA has a narrower scope of responsibilities and is defined as those individuals that receive on the job training and have not received an associate degree from a technical training program specific to a speech-language paraprofessional job or a bachelor's degree in Communication Disorders.
A SLPA's responsibilities can include, but are not limited to, preparing materials, maintenance checks for equipment used, clerical work such as ordering supplies and filing, preparing therapy rooms for a work session, and making phone calls to confirm appointments etc. A SLPA works under the direct supervision of a certified SLP. Responsibilities delegated to the SLPA typically reflect the level of training they have received, the needs of the supervising SLP, and individual state legal guidelines.
For the purpose of this article, SLPP will refer to a speech-language assistant or paraprofessional who completes course work, fieldwork, and on-the-job training specific to speech-language pathology assistant/paraprofessionals job responsibilities and workplace behaviors (ASHA).
A SLPP also works under the direct supervision of a certified SLP and follows the student's IEP. The SLPPs roles and responsibilities can include those listed for an SLPA but can also include direct therapy services (once trained), screenings without interpretation once trained, meeting with parents without interpreting goals or making judgments regarding prognosis, collaborating with teachers to provide services, assisting in diagnostic evaluations, documenting student performance and progress, scheduling students, and act as an interpreter for non-English speaking students and their families when appropriate, trained, and competent to do so.
A SLPP may be considered for a position once completing coursework to either receive an associate's degree from a speech-language pathology paraprofessional training program or a bachelor's degree in Communication Disorders. State laws vary pertaining to the approval and certification of SLPPs who have received an associate degree in a technical training program specific to SLPP jobs. It is equally important to note that as of Spring 2003, ASHA discontinued its registration program for SLPPs receiving an associate's degree as well as its approval process for such training programs in December of 2003 for financial reasons. Despite these decisions, ASHA continues to provide guidelines for the training, use, and supervision of SLPPs as many states across the country continue to hire paraprofessionals to alleviate the work load of a certified speech-language pathologist.
It is the supervising speech –language pathologist's responsibility to ensure that they as well as their supervisees are working within state and ASHA guidelines and Code of Ethics. It is the responsibility of the supervising SLP to research, review, and abide by these guidelines and to delegate responsibilities that are in accordance to the level of training each supervisee has received. As previously mentioned, ASHA provides guidelines for supervising and training speech-language paraprofessionals. State educational departments provide clear descriptions of allowed and prohibited duties of SLPAs and SLPPs.
For the bilingual speech-language pathologist who works with a linguistically diverse population and supervises bilingual SLPAs and SLPPs the roles and responsibilities are expanded. Overseeing bilingual SLPAs and SLPPs requires additional supervision, collaboration, training and support in order to provide appropriate services to this population. Supervisors are responsible for researching and educating both themselves and their supervisees on best practices for servicing ELLs.
Recommendations for best practices in working with ELLs.
Discuss areas of strength and areas in need of improvement before delegating responsibilities.
Check the supervisee's levels of proficiency in the non-English language in speaking, reading, and writing.
Planning and prep time to develop task lists for the following week or as needed.
Documenting direct and indirect supervision dates, times, skill/task observed, and student/s observed.
Activities/materials, models, cues, techniques, strategies, modifications, reinforcement/s, and language/s used.
A brief statement regarding the student's participation, behavior, or health that may have positively or negatively impacted the outcome of a therapy session.
Recommendations for translating materials and interpreting for non-English speaking students and their families.
Overseeing bilingual SLPAs and SLPPs is rewarding for both the supervisor and supervisee as there is much to be learned from each other. Keeping an open-mind will facilitate the learning process and allow for an efficient working environment. The experience can be a positive one keeping in mind that this responsibility is a valuable part of the process of servicing not only ELLs but all students requiring speech-language services in school districts across the country.
Under Illinois law, the SLPP has a bachelor's degree in communication disorders, no license, and can work only in public schools with an annual letter of approval from the Illinois State Board of Education. She can carry a caseload of a maximum of 60 students in Illinois. Their supervising SLP's caseload maximum is reduced by 15% when she takes on an SLPP.
Under Illinois law, the SLPA has an associate's degree in speech-language pathology assisting, usually from College of DuPage. She holds a license as an SLPA from IDFPR, and can work in any setting. Most work in Early Intervention. She cannot carry a caseload in the schools and the supervising SLP's caseload is not increased when she takes on an SLPA.


A man, 37, allegedly set his in-laws on fire at Isampou in Ekeremor LGA in Bayelsa state, killing the mother-in-law, after his wife divorced him. The brother-in-law, who sustained first degree burns later died at the hospital.
According to Leadership Newspaper, he set the home of his in-laws on fire, Thursday, at about 9pm. Angry mob from the community stormed the suspect's village in speed boats with the burnt corpses to carry out a reprisal attack by setting ablaze his family house ablaze in Bomadi, Delta State.
"Yes I heard about the fire. We gathered that the wife left him some days ago insisting that she does not want to marry him anymore. The wife was living with her husband at Bomadi, Delta state before she left for her mother's house at Isampou, Bayelsa"
The jilted husband allegedly poured fuel in and around the home of his mother-in-law with the intention of roasting the Wife, who was reported to have planned to sleep in her mother's room.
The whereabouts of the suspect is unknown.


When CyberCandy got in touch and said they had invented Candy Floss 2.0 I wasn't really sure what to think. Evolved Candy Floss, or Candy Floss at the next level just seemed a bit of a strange idea. I've already had various coloured and flavoured Candy Floss products, but I said I'd happily give it a try. When the post man dutifully dropped off my parcel I have to admit to being more than a bit excited. One of the new Candy Floss 2.0 versions was Peanut Butter Cups, I hastily opened up the tub.
Why does Candy Floss only come in tubs or bags these days? Is it a health and safety thing, that they stopped spinning it around a wooden stick? Something along the lines of splinter risk? Anyway I digress, this particular product comes safely in a tub. You could see the tub was fairly firmly packed and well filled with a good occurrence of Peanut Butter Cup bits.
Now as a self declared chocolate and peanut butter fan I soon found myself in heaven. The peanut cups were nicely mixed in, there was plenty of bits, some bigger than others but a generous portion. This meant that the candy floss went from two extremes, at one side lovely peanut butter and chocolate flavoured candy floss, which was a wonderfully sugary substance. Through to actually pieces of peanut butter cup covered in candy floss, again taste wise just spot on. These were like finding the treasure in the tub, and the variation in the product made it even more enjoyable. I absolutely love Candy Floss 2.0 and it is something I'll be picking up again as a treat.
Candy Floss 2.0 is also available as other flavours including Lemon Sherbet and Choc Banana.


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Are we sick of the spiraled craze yet? Not me! I will spiral just about anything. I really enjoy the texture it creates and it adds a little fun to the dish. Zoodles are a great option because they are super versatile (see my zoodles in mushroom sauce and my zucchini bake) and absorb any flavor. I typically use broccoli in my Asian dishes, but zucchini is a great change because you can really only eat so much broccoli. This simple sauce really elevates the recipe's main ingredients for a made at home, tastes-like-take-out, week night dinner. Half the cost and just as much flavor.
Interested in my other recipes? Check out my Greek Quinoa Bowls, Homemade Turkey Meatballs, & Chicken & Broccoli Casserole.
In a medium bowl combine soy sauce, sriracha, garlic, green onion, and brown sugar. Set aside.
Prepare stir fry rice noodles per package and set aside.
Pat cubed flank steak dry with a paper towel and season with salt and pepper.
In a large skillet, heat oil and brown beef until no longer pink. Add zoodles and cook for 1-2 minutes. Add sauce and continue cooking until zoodles are softened to desire.
Add rice noodles and combine evenly.
Ask Casey about Nutrition, Food, or Body!
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IFR ASIA: I think the place to start is probably a recap of what's changed since we sat down last year. Tim, you were here when we did a similar event 12 months ago. What's been the most significant developments in your mind in RMB bond markets?
TIMOTHY YIP, HSBC: I think there's two major areas. One is the ongoing development of the Panda bond markets. Back when HSBC was the first issuer to reopen the market in 2015 after a period of hiatus, there was a lot of noise about whether it was sustainable or whether it was just a flash in the pan. Since then, however, the PBoC has steadily opened the markets to include further high-quality issuers, especially from the sovereign and supranational sector.
So we have seen the World Bank issuing SDR bonds, the Republic of Hungary issuing a Belt and Road sovereign Panda bond and Maybank becoming the first Asian financial institution to issue a Belt and Road Panda bond. That's the first key area.
The second major development is the PBoC allowing more foreign investors into China by way of the Bond Connect scheme. Previously there was RQFII, QFII and the CIBM route. Now, with the implementation of Bond Connect from July, offshore investors have another weapon in their arsenal to invest onshore.
IFR ASIA: Two excellent themes to delve into there. Let's talk about the investor make-up first. Freddy, you were here 12 months ago as well and since then you've moved to Shanghai! How have these changes affected your business?
FREDDY WONG, FIDELITY: Tim's mentioned the major developments in the China capital markets. From an asset manager's perspective, there's a couple of things, too. China has allowed foreign asset managers to run a domestic business through a whole new entity and at this stage, clearly, we are one of the first ones to enter the market and set up our business in this way. It's part of the opening up that you can see, as China is becoming more international, not just allowing domestic managers to do business globally but also encouraging global money to come onshore.
Bond Connect is one of the key things for bringing foreign capital into the domestic market, but we have to also keep in mind that onshore investing was already happening, through quotas or direct access to the interbank market. Now, domestic investors are also growing and investing offshore at the same time. So it's really the pace of RMB internationalisation that is changing. It's growing much faster.
IFR ASIA: I'm interested in your experience setting up in Shanghai. Is it very complicated? I'm wondering why other people haven't done it yet.
This is quite different to what a lot of asset managers are running globally, and there are certainly different hurdles that you have to overcome. One of the most obvious obstacles is to be able to launch a product on the day that you get a licence from the Asset Management Association. They set a time of six months, and within six months you need to raise money locally and manage that money for local clients. I believe a lot of global managers are at that point. Once they get a licence they need to be able to launch a product within six months to fulfil those requirements.
IFR ASIA: So, if you don't use it in six months, you lose the licence?
IFR ASIA: Ricco, you spend a lot of time talking to investors and regulators on these changes. What's top of mind for ICMA at the moment?
RICCO ZHANG, ICMA: Well, just as our colleagues mentioned, generally speaking the keyword is "opening". I see a golden opportunity: if any international players want to enter the onshore market, now is the right time! We're talking about Panda bonds and Bond Connect, and the message from the regulators is very clear – they welcome the capital, they welcome the participation of the international community in the Chinese market.
We first saw Panda bond issuers in 2015 when the market was relaunched, then gradually we have seen more and more issuance. Now, under the Belt and Road initiative, regulators welcome countries to tap the onshore market to support any related projects. Panda bonds would be a very useful financing tool for sovereign issuers, for financial institutions, for corporates when they want to finance infrastructure projects.
From the investors' side, Bond Connect now makes onshore securities available to the international community. The RMB getting into the SDR basket also brought in a lot of big investors, and the onshore market actually provides a lot of product for them.
China's regulators do want to understand better what the international side expects. We did a comparison between international market practice and domestic market practice in China. What we found is very interesting: in principle, you can argue that the two approaches are very different, but basically you just want to make the market more efficient. So there's a gap between the two markets. The regulators now want to understand what they need to do to narrow the gap to attract more investors and issuers into the market.
We also noticed recently that the regulators have given licences to more international banks. HSBC actually had been the only international bank with an underwriting licence for quite a long time, but in the last couple of years, more and more international banks are getting licensed to underwrite deals in the interbank bond market. All those reforms are very encouraging and, again, I want to emphasise, this is really good timing if international participants want to enter the market.
IFR ASIA: Let's stick with Bond Connect at the moment because this does show the world that regulators are very keen on opening up the local markets. Kelly, you've worked very closely with regulators on both sides of the border. Do you get the sense that this is just the beginning?
On the flipside of that, I do think international asset managers, institutional investors, insurance companies and so on are looking at this initiative closely and are seeing that actually it is an improvement on previous access schemes. So I don't foresee anything else coming along in the near future, at least not for the asset classes that you're getting in Bond Connect – which is basically something like 30,000 fixed income assets available in China.
IFR ASIA: Have you been surprised at the take-up rates? Is it used as much as people expected it to be?
KELLY MCKENNEY, TRADEWEB: From our perspective, as a trading platform, when we launch a new product we would expect to have an initial period of what we'd call a soft launch. I don't think China really does soft launch, so it was a really speedy and efficient introduction, and there was enormous take-up from the beginning.
I guess there was a little bit of concern that this was going to be a one-day wonder and that it is going to drop-off. But, interestingly, the number of participants has more than doubled in the last three months. So that's been a positive.
The only official statistics that are available about turnover on Bond Connect are from the PBoC on day one: more than Rmb7bn was traded through 140-odd transactions, which was obviously a big push for the first day. I think a lot of people who know the market well, saw that as a lot for that particular market, for the international investors accessing that market. But surprisingly – although we obviously are not getting those same levels since, because there really was a big push on day one – we are still seeing quite substantial turnover on a daily basis. Excluding day one, the trend is very favourable in terms of growing the number of transactions, actual trading volumes and obviously investors signing up.
IFR ASIA: A lot of the names that we saw on day one were offshore Chinese asset managers. Has it moved beyond that now, are we getting real international money?
KELLY MCKENNEY, TRADEWEB: That's a very relevant question. The way I look at it is this: when you're signing up for any new scheme, on day one there are a lot of unanswered questions. So the most likely market participants that were going to sign up from day one were always going to have some sort of a connection to China, because they would be more encouraged than, let's say, a big international asset manager. I think that's a very normal trend on day one. But certainly since then, there's been a continued programme of international roadshows, both within the Asia Pacific region – Tokyo, Korea, Taiwan, etc – as well as in the US and Europe.
The participation rates have been very strong, and we certainly are seeing the international asset management community getting more involved now.
FREDDY WONG, FIDELITY: Just to add to that point, the Bond Connect programme doesn't mean that only Hong Kong subsidiaries of Chinese entities have been going onshore. Traditional or global asset managers still invest onshore, but they may not be using the Bond Connect programme.They're still going for the traditional route of QFII or RQFII quotas. The reasons for them not using Bond Connect on day one are more because of operational issues, as a lot of firms may not have that set-up internally to get it working on day one, but doesn't mean they don't want to.
IFR ASIA: In the early stages there were questions around settlement, custody and things like taxation. So has that all been resolved now?
RICCO ZHANG, ICMA: Well, not really. There are still a lot of details to work on but I must echo my colleague's comment on that. When we talk with our members on the buyside, they are very diversified. Some of them are already very active through Bond Connect, and I know a couple of asset managers with a presence in Shanghai, just like Fidelity. That's very encouraging, because they all want to be involved in the onshore market.
Some other big names may be waiting to see how it will go, but it's definitely on their internal agenda. Just like Freddy mentioned, they're still using QFII or RQFII for the time being but, again, that doesn't mean they won't use Bond Connect in the future.
Actually, just last year we hosted an event on Free Trade Zone bonds in London with the Shanghai Clearing House. The idea is to provide a single link between the international side and the onshore market through the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, which is the only national Free Trade Zone. It's about connecting Euroclear and the Shanghai Clearing House, so international investors looking to tap the onshore market don't have to do any registration or make any filing with the onshore regulators.
This was a very good initiative before Bond Connect, but now the market is evolving so fast. The Chinese authorities only announced Bond Connect at the beginning of this year, and that's a similar idea of just making life easier for investors when they want to go into the onshore market.
IFR ASIA: Does Bond Connect take away from some of the other initiatives?
RICCO ZHANG, ICMA: You might say so, but some other investors, for example, like central banks, have onshore assets directly available to them. So they will use that access to the onshore market. When we ask what's in their portfolio, and whether they have offshore RMB products or onshore RMB product exposure, surprisingly most of them actually hold their RMB assets in the onshore market.
It's the same for issuers. Just like it used to be all about Dim Sum bonds, we now see that if issuers want to raise RMB, basically a Panda bond is the first choice.
IFR ASIA: Does Bond Connect mean that the idea of a Free Trade Zone bond is now consigned to history? There's only been one issuance from the Shanghai Municipal Government.
RICCO ZHANG, ICMA: There are a couple of other initiatives out there, but you're probably right. It was a useful pilot programme. Nobody knew that Bond Connect would happen so soon, and so fast. All these programmes just make life easier for the international community, and are still very welcome.
IFR ASIA: What about primary markets? Tim, have you worked on new issues through Bond Connect?
TIMOTHY YIP, HSBC: Going back to Bond Connect for a second, I think it really demonstrates the agility of the PBoC in the way that China just cannot have a one-size-fits-all approach, and that's why we've got different schemes.
If you look at QFII, RQFII, CIBM and Bond Connect, they all have their pros and cons. If you are looking to invest across both equities and fixed income, then perhaps QFII is the way to go. If you're central bank, of course CIBM will work for you, and thirdly, if you're a foreign investor and prefer not to appoint a local custodian, then of course Bond Connect would be a very attractive proposition.
The idea of having different bespoke products for different types of investors can continue for the foreseeable future. This is why in the primary transactions, going back to your question Steve, we are seeing more foreign investors being enticed by the opportunities.
Previously they were using CIBM only to buy into what we call rates products in China, basically China MOF bonds and policy bank bonds. But now they're actually setting up through Bond Connect to invest in credit products. So in the new issues that we've seen for Maybank, also for Hungary and for HSBC China, which is a domestic financial bond, we were able to leverage on Bond Connect and encourage foreign investors to participate.
It was quite interesting to see their views on pricing and market sentiment to be materially different to that of onshore investors. I think that explains partially the attraction of including foreign investors in the Chinese market, because they would support foreign names, such as Panda bonds. Then the secondary effect would be for foreign capital to start supporting local, domestic credits, and help finance the real economy.
IFR ASIA: Philip, you've actually rated some of these Panda bonds. What difference does it make having that Bond Connect mechanism in place?
PHILIP LI, CHENGXIN: The Panda bond is one further step in China's internationalisation of its capital markets. Starting from the fourth quarter 2015 to last month, there were 19 Panda bonds issued, 13 are rated by China Chengxin. As Tim mentioned, foreign investors would like to buy Panda bonds because they are familiar with their international ratings. So in this context, Bond Connect helps a lot for foreign investors who want to buy Panda bonds. We also find a lot of domestic investors would like to buy Panda bonds.
According to the latest statistics, international investors hold less than 2% of the total outstanding amount of debts issued in the Chinese debt market. Almost 100% of the debts foreign investors hold are issued by policy banks and very big government enterprises. So this raises the question whether foreign investors trust the domestic credit ratings. There have been quite a lot of criticisms on the domestic debts being "over-rated" by the Chinese rating agencies. I want to respond to the criticisms.
Domestic and international credit ratings are measured by two different scales. The international scale is tighter, whereas the domestic scale is looser.
Lots of people overlook one very important point. In the domestic debt market of a country – no matter if it's China , Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia or any other country – the ceiling of the domestic rating is set at AAA for its government. It's always like that. Take Japan for example. Japan is rated A+, same as China, by S&P and Fitch or A1 by Moody's. If we apply the international scale to the Japanese corporate debts, then almost all of them would be rated below A+. For a country with a lower international rating, for example, Indonesia, then most of the domestic Indonesia debts are rated below investment grade. If so, it hurts the reputation of the country and won't help the its domestic debt market development.
In China, the financial authorities set a minimum investment grade for the investors to follow. These investors are government-related funds, state-owned insurance companies and banks. They are restricted or advised to buy debts rated AA or above. So that, issuers rated below AA almost have no chance to issue debt because they find it very difficult to find underwriters to sell their debts. This explains why almost all domestic ratings of the debts in China are AA or AAA.
Having said that, there is room for the Chinese domestic credit rating system to improve. One very important area is to avoid rating shopping by issuers. There are seven Chinese credit rating agencies, and the top three capture more than 80% of the total market share. Due to competition, some of the rating agencies compromise on the requests made by issuers to give a higher rating. Tighter regulation and a code of conduct for credit rating agencies to observe and follow can help improve the trustworthiness of the domestic ratings.
IFR ASIA: China is now allowing foreign rating agencies to come into the onshore market. Does that mean that S&P and Moody's are going to start rating onshore bonds? You could end up with one security with two very different grades.
PHILIP LI, CHENGXIN: Well, starting from July 16 this year, international credit rating agencies are allowed to set up wholly-owned companies in China to provide credit rating services to issuers and issues in the Chinese debt market. I would say only the big three US-based rating agencies would attempt to take the first step. At the moment two of them have joint ventures in China. One is Moody's, which holds 30% of China Chengxin. Fitch holds 49% of China Lianhe. China closed the door to foreign credit rating agencies to joint venture with Chinese credit rating agencies in 2007, and S&P was too late to find a partner to form a join venture before the door was closed.
IFR ASIA: But any of those could now come in and take 100%.
PHILIP LI, CHENGXIN: Yes, legally. But, in the cases of Moody's and Fitch, that depends on whether or not their joint venture contracts with the domestic credit rating agencies allow them to work independently in China. Most likely they have to change the contract terms or sell out their share stakes, whereas for S&P, it does not have such issue.
The other issue is that they have to consider how much business they will get. If you look at Japan, there are five credit rating agencies – three from outside and two domestic Japanese. More than 70% of the Japanese debts are rated by the two Japanese credit rating agencies.