text:
//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//
//  The MIT License (MIT)
//
//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
//  THE SOFTWARE.
//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//#define DEBUG_LOG
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Azure;
using Microsoft.ServiceBus.Messaging;
using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Diagnostics;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace WorkerHost
{
    public class MLWorker
    {
        public class Configuration
        {
            public string AlertEHConnectionString;
            public string AlertEHName;
            public string AnomalyDetectionApiUrl;
            public string AnomalyDetectionAuthKey;
            public string LiveId;
            public string MeasureNameFilter;

            public string TukeyThresh;
            public string ZscoreThresh;

            public bool UseMarketApi;
            public int MessagesBufferSize;
            public int AlertsIntervalSec;

            public string StorageConnectionString;
            public string BlobContainerName;
            public string BlobNamePrefix;
            public string SqlDatabaseConnectionString;
        }

        private static Analyzer        _analyzer;
        private static IoTHubMessageHandler _IoTHubMessageHandler;
        private static Timer           _timer;

        //private static BlobWriter _blobWriter;
        //private static SQLOutputRepository _sqlOutputRepository;

        public static void RunMLHost()
        {
            StartHost("LocalWorker");
        }

        private static void StartHost(string consumerGroupPrefix)
        {
            Trace.WriteLine("Starting Worker...");
#if DEBUG_LOG
            RoleEnvironment.TraceSource.TraceInformation("Starting Worker...");
#endif
            var config = new Configuration();

            config.AlertEHConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("Microsoft.ServiceBus.ConnectionStringAlerts");
            config.AlertEHName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("Microsoft.ServiceBus.EventHubAlerts");

            config.AnomalyDetectionApiUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("AnomalyDetectionApiUrl");
            config.AnomalyDetectionAuthKey = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("AnomalyDetectionAuthKey");
            config.LiveId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("LiveId");

            config.MeasureNameFilter = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("MeasureNameFilter");

            config.TukeyThresh = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("TukeyThresh");
            config.ZscoreThresh = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("ZscoreThresh");

            bool.TryParse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("UseMarketApi"), out config.UseMarketApi);

            int.TryParse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("MessagesBufferSize"), out config.MessagesBufferSize);
            int.TryParse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("AlertsIntervalSec"), out config.AlertsIntervalSec);

            config.StorageConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("Microsoft.Storage.ConnectionString");
            config.BlobContainerName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("blobContainerName");
            config.BlobNamePrefix = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("blobNamePrefix");
            config.SqlDatabaseConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("sqlDatabaseConnectionString");

            _analyzer = new Analyzer(config.AnomalyDetectionApiUrl, config.AnomalyDetectionAuthKey,
                config.LiveId, config.UseMarketApi, config.TukeyThresh, config.ZscoreThresh);

            _IoTHubMessageHandler = new IoTHubMessageHandler(config.MessagesBufferSize, config.MeasureNameFilter);

            //if (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("sendToBlob") == "true")
            //{
            //    _blobWriter = new BlobWriter();
            //    if (_blobWriter.Connect(config.BlobNamePrefix, config.BlobContainerName, config.StorageConnectionString))
            //    {
            //        _blobWriter = null;
            //    }
            //}
            //if (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("sendToSQL") == "true")
            //{
            //    _sqlOutputRepository = new SQLOutputRepository(config.SqlDatabaseConnectionString);
            //}
            Process(config);
        }

        // static method used by hosting code to process event data
        public static void ProcessPayload(IDictionary<string, object> messagePayload)
        {
            _IoTHubMessageHandler.Process(messagePayload);
        }

        // this uses a timer to preiodally get data
        // accumulated in circular buffer, and send it to anomaly detection
        // if an anomaly is detected sends the data to alert event hub
        public static void Process(Configuration config)
        {
            var alertEventHub = EventHubClient.CreateFromConnectionString(config.AlertEHConnectionString, config.AlertEHName);

            var timerInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
            var alertLastTimes = new Dictionary<string, DateTime>();

            TimerCallback timerCallback = state =>
            {

                var historicData = _IoTHubMessageHandler.GetHistoricData();

                try
                {
                    var tasks = historicData.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => _analyzer.Analyze(kvp.Value));

                    Task.WaitAll(tasks.Values.ToArray());

                    List<SensorDataContract> alertsToSQl = new List<SensorDataContract>();

                    foreach (var kvp in tasks)
                    {
                        var key = kvp.Key;
                        var alerts = kvp.Value.Result;

                        DateTime alertLastTime;
                        if (!alertLastTimes.TryGetValue(@key, out alertLastTime))
                        {
                            alertLastTime = DateTime.MinValue;
                        }

                        foreach (var alert in alerts)
                        {
                            if ((alert.Time - alertLastTime).TotalSeconds >= config.AlertsIntervalSec)
                            {
                                Trace.TraceInformation("Alert - {0}", alert.ToString());

                                string eventJSON = OutputResults(key, historicData[key].LastOrDefault(), alert);
                                alertEventHub.Send(
                                    new EventData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(eventJSON)));

                                alertLastTime = alert.Time;
                                alertLastTimes[@key] = alertLastTime;

                                //if (historicData[key].Length > 0)
                                //{
                                //    alertsToSQl.Add(historicData[key].Last());
                                //    if (_blobWriter != null)
                                //    {
                                //        _blobWriter.WriteLine(eventJSON);
                                //    }
                                //}
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    //if (_sqlOutputRepository != null)
                    //{
                    //    _sqlOutputRepository.ProcessEvents(alertsToSQl);
                    //}
                    //if (_blobWriter != null)
                    //{
                    //    _blobWriter.Flush();
                    //}
                }
#if DEBUG_LOG
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Trace.TraceError(e.Message);
                    Trace.TraceError(e.ToString());
                    //throw;
                }
#else
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    //throw;
                }
#endif

                _timer.Change((int)timerInterval.TotalMilliseconds, Timeout.Infinite);
            };

            _timer = new Timer(timerCallback, null, Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
            _timer.Change(0, Timeout.Infinite);

            Trace.TraceInformation("Reading events from Event Hub (press ctrl+c to abort)");
        }

        public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> Batch<T>(IEnumerable<T> collection, int batchSize)
        {
            List<T> nextbatch = new List<T>(batchSize);
            foreach (T item in collection)
            {
                nextbatch.Add(item);
                if (nextbatch.Count == batchSize)
                {
                    yield return nextbatch;
                    nextbatch = new List<T>();
                }
            }
            if (nextbatch.Count > 0)
                yield return nextbatch;
        }

        private static string OutputResults(string from, SensorDataContract sensorMeta, AnomalyRecord alert)
        {
            string msg = sensorMeta.MeasureName + " anomaly detected by ML model on joint_" + sensorMeta.Index.ToString();
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
                new
                {
                    measurename = sensorMeta.MeasureName,
                    time = alert.Time,
                    value = alert.Data,
                    index = sensorMeta.Index,
                    alerttype = "MLModelAlert",
                    isanomaly = 1,
                    message = msg
                });
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Japan Kokura Stripe | PROJECT | HULS Inc.
Japan Kokura Stripe is a cultural site that was created in order to convey the stripe designs produced by "SHIMA-SHIMA", a textile brand of Kokura-ori. HULS Inc. undertook the general planning and the creative direction for this project. Supported by "aguige", a design company which excels at interactive design, we succeeded in expressing the beautiful stripe patterns that are unique to Kokura-ori on the website. The website is compatible with iPhone or iPad and offers bilingual information in Japanese and English. Having roots in the natural colors of Japanese plants and trees, the stripes have a newfound expression in the form of textile and have permeated across international markets.


text:
"""
PostgreSQL database backend for Django.

Requires psycopg 2: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg2
"""

import threading
import warnings

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
from django.db.utils import DatabaseError as WrappedDatabaseError
from django.utils.functional import cached_property
from django.utils.safestring import SafeText

try:
    import psycopg2 as Database
    import psycopg2.extensions
    import psycopg2.extras
except ImportError as e:
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg2 module: %s" % e)

def psycopg2_version():
    version = psycopg2.__version__.split(' ', 1)[0]
    return tuple(int(v) for v in version.split('.') if v.isdigit())

PSYCOPG2_VERSION = psycopg2_version()

if PSYCOPG2_VERSION < (2, 5, 4):
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("psycopg2_version 2.5.4 or newer is required; you have %s" % psycopg2.__version__)

# Some of these import psycopg2, so import them after checking if it's installed.
from .client import DatabaseClient                          # NOQA isort:skip
from .creation import DatabaseCreation                      # NOQA isort:skip
from .features import DatabaseFeatures                      # NOQA isort:skip
from .introspection import DatabaseIntrospection            # NOQA isort:skip
from .operations import DatabaseOperations                  # NOQA isort:skip
from .schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor                    # NOQA isort:skip
from .utils import utc_tzinfo_factory                       # NOQA isort:skip

psycopg2.extensions.register_adapter(SafeText, psycopg2.extensions.QuotedString)
psycopg2.extras.register_uuid()

# Register support for inet[] manually so we don't have to handle the Inet()
# object on load all the time.
INETARRAY_OID = 1041
INETARRAY = psycopg2.extensions.new_array_type(
    (INETARRAY_OID,),
    'INETARRAY',
    psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE,
)
psycopg2.extensions.register_type(INETARRAY)

class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
    vendor = 'postgresql'
    display_name = 'PostgreSQL'
    # This dictionary maps Field objects to their associated PostgreSQL column
    # types, as strings. Column-type strings can contain format strings; they'll
    # be interpolated against the values of Field.__dict__ before being output.
    # If a column type is set to None, it won't be included in the output.
    data_types = {
        'AutoField': 'serial',
        'BigAutoField': 'bigserial',
        'BinaryField': 'bytea',
        'BooleanField': 'boolean',
        'CharField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)',
        'DateField': 'date',
        'DateTimeField': 'timestamp with time zone',
        'DecimalField': 'numeric(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)',
        'DurationField': 'interval',
        'FileField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)',
        'FilePathField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)',
        'FloatField': 'double precision',
        'IntegerField': 'integer',
        'BigIntegerField': 'bigint',
        'IPAddressField': 'inet',
        'GenericIPAddressField': 'inet',
        'NullBooleanField': 'boolean',
        'OneToOneField': 'integer',
        'PositiveIntegerField': 'integer',
        'PositiveSmallIntegerField': 'smallint',
        'SlugField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)',
        'SmallIntegerField': 'smallint',
        'TextField': 'text',
        'TimeField': 'time',
        'UUIDField': 'uuid',
    }
    data_type_check_constraints = {
        'PositiveIntegerField': '"%(column)s" >= 0',
        'PositiveSmallIntegerField': '"%(column)s" >= 0',
    }
    operators = {
        'exact': '= %s',
        'iexact': '= UPPER(%s)',
        'contains': 'LIKE %s',
        'icontains': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
        'regex': '~ %s',
        'iregex': '~* %s',
        'gt': '> %s',
        'gte': '>= %s',
        'lt': '< %s',
        'lte': '<= %s',
        'startswith': 'LIKE %s',
        'endswith': 'LIKE %s',
        'istartswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
        'iendswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
    }

    # The patterns below are used to generate SQL pattern lookup clauses when
    # the right-hand side of the lookup isn't a raw string (it might be an expression
    # or the result of a bilateral transformation).
    # In those cases, special characters for LIKE operators (e.g. \, *, _) should be
    # escaped on database side.
    #
    # Note: we use str.format() here for readability as '%' is used as a wildcard for
    # the LIKE operator.
    pattern_esc = r"REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE({}, '\', '\\'), '%%', '\%%'), '_', '\_')"
    pattern_ops = {
        'contains': "LIKE '%%' || {} || '%%'",
        'icontains': "LIKE '%%' || UPPER({}) || '%%'",
        'startswith': "LIKE {} || '%%'",
        'istartswith': "LIKE UPPER({}) || '%%'",
        'endswith': "LIKE '%%' || {}",
        'iendswith': "LIKE '%%' || UPPER({})",
    }

    Database = Database
    SchemaEditorClass = DatabaseSchemaEditor
    # Classes instantiated in __init__().
    client_class = DatabaseClient
    creation_class = DatabaseCreation
    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
    introspection_class = DatabaseIntrospection
    ops_class = DatabaseOperations

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._named_cursor_idx = 0

    def get_connection_params(self):
        settings_dict = self.settings_dict
        # None may be used to connect to the default 'postgres' db
        if settings_dict['NAME'] == '':
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                "settings.DATABASES is improperly configured. "
                "Please supply the NAME value.")
        conn_params = {
            'database': settings_dict['NAME'] or 'postgres',
        }
        conn_params.update(settings_dict['OPTIONS'])
        conn_params.pop('isolation_level', None)
        if settings_dict['USER']:
            conn_params['user'] = settings_dict['USER']
        if settings_dict['PASSWORD']:
            conn_params['password'] = settings_dict['PASSWORD']
        if settings_dict['HOST']:
            conn_params['host'] = settings_dict['HOST']
        if settings_dict['PORT']:
            conn_params['port'] = settings_dict['PORT']
        return conn_params

    def get_new_connection(self, conn_params):
        connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)

        # self.isolation_level must be set:
        # - after connecting to the database in order to obtain the database's
        #   default when no value is explicitly specified in options.
        # - before calling _set_autocommit() because if autocommit is on, that
        #   will set connection.isolation_level to ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT.
        options = self.settings_dict['OPTIONS']
        try:
            self.isolation_level = options['isolation_level']
        except KeyError:
            self.isolation_level = connection.isolation_level
        else:
            # Set the isolation level to the value from OPTIONS.
            if self.isolation_level != connection.isolation_level:
                connection.set_session(isolation_level=self.isolation_level)

        return connection

    def ensure_timezone(self):
        self.ensure_connection()
        conn_timezone_name = self.connection.get_parameter_status('TimeZone')
        timezone_name = self.timezone_name
        if timezone_name and conn_timezone_name != timezone_name:
            with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
                cursor.execute(self.ops.set_time_zone_sql(), [timezone_name])
            return True
        return False

    def init_connection_state(self):
        self.connection.set_client_encoding('UTF8')

        timezone_changed = self.ensure_timezone()
        if timezone_changed:
            # Commit after setting the time zone (see #17062)
            if not self.get_autocommit():
                self.connection.commit()

    def create_cursor(self, name=None):
        if name:
            # In autocommit mode, the cursor will be used outside of a
            # transaction, hence use a holdable cursor.
            cursor = self.connection.cursor(name, scrollable=False, withhold=self.connection.autocommit)
        else:
            cursor = self.connection.cursor()
        cursor.tzinfo_factory = utc_tzinfo_factory if settings.USE_TZ else None
        return cursor

    def chunked_cursor(self):
        self._named_cursor_idx += 1
        return self._cursor(
            name='_django_curs_%d_%d' % (
                # Avoid reusing name in other threads
                threading.current_thread().ident,
                self._named_cursor_idx,
            )
        )

    def _set_autocommit(self, autocommit):
        with self.wrap_database_errors:
            self.connection.autocommit = autocommit

    def check_constraints(self, table_names=None):
        """
        Check constraints by setting them to immediate. Return them to deferred
        afterward.
        """
        self.cursor().execute('SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE')
        self.cursor().execute('SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED')

    def is_usable(self):
        try:
            # Use a psycopg cursor directly, bypassing Django's utilities.
            self.connection.cursor().execute("SELECT 1")
        except Database.Error:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    @property
    def _nodb_connection(self):
        nodb_connection = super()._nodb_connection
        try:
            nodb_connection.ensure_connection()
        except (Database.DatabaseError, WrappedDatabaseError):
            warnings.warn(
                "Normally Django will use a connection to the 'postgres' database "
                "to avoid running initialization queries against the production "
                "database when it's not needed (for example, when running tests). "
                "Django was unable to create a connection to the 'postgres' database "
                "and will use the default database instead.",
                RuntimeWarning
            )
            settings_dict = self.settings_dict.copy()
            settings_dict['NAME'] = settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['NAME']
            nodb_connection = self.__class__(
                self.settings_dict.copy(),
                alias=self.alias,
                allow_thread_sharing=False)
        return nodb_connection

    @cached_property
    def psycopg2_version(self):
        return PSYCOPG2_VERSION

    @cached_property
    def pg_version(self):
        with self.temporary_connection():
            return self.connection.server_version


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kate Swope is the Leased Housing Manager for Father Bill's and Mainspring, a housing-first nonprofit organization that focuses on housing chronically homeless individuals and families in Southeastern Massachusetts. Prior to that, she spent the past thirteen years overseeing case management and housing programs, budgets and disbursements for AIDS Action Committee.
Kate also serves on the board of directors for the Massachusetts Afterschool Partnership (MAP). She has an Executive Masters in Business Administration from Boston University and received her BA from Northeastern University in Psychology. An advocate since her early days, she was the co-president of Northeastern University's LGBTQ student group for over three years.
A native of Maine and avid swimmer, Kate lives with her wife Alison and dog Oliver in Boston.


As a first year teacher, the process of learning about myself and the teaching profession has resulted in a roller coaster ride of emotions and recognition.In the midst of Winter Break I felt cold and isolated; anxiety riddled my senses and I dreaded returning to the grind. Yet, as I saw my student's faces, and heard about their experiences over the break, my passion began to glow again.
Late in the week, I was approached by a group of boys to tell me that another student had been using bad language on the play ground. The number of boys coming to me, and knowing the circumstances of the boys in the past led me to trust that they were telling the truth and I needed to speak with the offending student.
This student has been an enigma to me for the past couple weeks. He arrived mid year with no cumulative file and a confusing array of abilities and disabilities. He is an English Language Learner, and as I don't speak his language. He doesn't print legibly, yet he is excellent in math. We have been just getting through the day, learning rules and procedures. He fit in socially with the class for the most part and has been making friends and finding interaction. However, it wasn't until I addressed the "bad words" that I truly began to understand the world he is living in.
In my classroom, the policy of honesty trumps everything else. If you are honest with me, then we can move forward, find solutions and work our way through anything.
When I talked to this student quietly outside while the rest of the class worked on their assignment, he told me adamantly, "I did not say bad words". I told him that a number of his classmates had come forward, and that I wanted to know why he was saying bad words. Then he began to cry and told me of the playground situation. The other students had been creating basket ball games with the strongest players on one team and the weakest players on the other creating a situation where they would always win.
This was the real situation that needed to be addressed, not the bad words. He knows that he isn't allowed to say those words, yet, the use of these words at this age tells me that he is trying to communicate his dissatisfaction with the injustices of playground politics.
After I explained to the other boys that no one likes it when people create teams that are stacked for winning, we came to an agreement to have the strongest players split up and attempt to form stronger teams and teammates with the less experienced players. The boys, being the sweet age of 10, agreed that they would do this. They knew that what they were doing wasn't fair, and they had been caught.
This did not solve the problem of my other student not being honest with me. I tried to see if he had said a word that sounded like the word that the students heard. He said no, no, no. Finally I told him that I wanted him to be honest with me. He looked at me like he didn't understand a word I was saying. Then I realized that he had been looking at me as if I was speaking another language! The realization hit that although he is going through the motions of learning the routines of our classroom, he has been understanding very little.
In my teaching credential program we read all about these situations. We read what to look for and what to do when it happened. This moment was the catalyst that brought all that subconscious knowledge to the forefront. But, I was ready! I grabbed my phone, which already had the iTranslate app installed and introduced it to my student. I told him that the phone would translate his words and my words. Then I told him to say something. He said, "Hola" and the translator replied, "Hello". There was a little bit of light that grew in his eyes at that moment, but he was still skeptical, I could see.
Then, I said to him through the app, "[Student Name], I need you to be honest with me no matter what." When the app translated this, the understanding and comprehension that had been missing during most of our conversation appeared. Finally, he shook his head, "Yes, I understand!" he said, and he really meant it.
We didn't get to use that app more that day because it was time to go home for the weekend. But, I will have my phone accessible to him next week and we will see how many more lights I can turn on for him every day. I even contacted our English Language Department at the district and requested that I get an iPad for my classroom. I know that there are other students who would benefit from this as well, but none as much as this student. In the near future I plan to advocate for a class set of technology so that students have immediate access to the things that will benefit them the most. In this world of abundance, there is no reason why my students should be stuck with limited technological access.
This little storm that my students created on the playground opened up the opportunity for new growth to occur. Not only am I lighting up the coals in my student who comes to school each day as if it is a drudgery, but I am lighting up my own as well.
This is the reason that I decided to teach. It isn't to make sure all my students master some arbitrary standard the the state determined all students should know and when they should know it. It is lighting the lights inside them and giving them the opportunity to love learning as much as I do. If I can spark in my students the love of learning, then I have will created a learner for life. I just need to remember the tools that I already have on my tool-belt so that I can create these opportunities despite the external pressures to meet standards.
This week, look at your students and choose one, or a group that has the same needs and make a goal to light a fire inside them. Make a goal to be the change you want to see for that one student. Next week, make another goal, and then another. We are not alone, so go light up some learners!
Share your own stories in the comments below. How have you rekindled your flames?


text:
Search Results: 118 books from 11 publishers. Learn more ›
Valerie Bodden (author)
Publisher: The Creative Company ISBN: 9781566606523
A history of the people and events that influenced the North American Indian tribe known as the Navajo, including headman Manuelito and conflicts such as the Second Battle of Fort Defiance.
A history of the people and events that influenced the North American Indian tribe known as the Cherokee, including chief John Ross and conflicts surrounding the Trail of Tears.
A history of the people and events that influenced the North American Indian tribe known as the Apache, including warrior Geronimo and conflicts such as the Camp Grant Massacre.
A history of the people and events that influenced the North American Indian tribe known as the Sioux or Dakota, including warrior Crazy Horse and conflicts such as the U.S.–Dakota War.
Steve Potts (author)
A history of the people and events that influenced the North American Indian confederacy known as the Iroquois, including chief Hiawatha and conflicts such as the American Revolution.
Audrey DeAngelis, Gina DeAngelis (authors)
Publisher: ABDO ISBN: 9781532110283
Since its introduction in the 1970s, hip-hop has become a way of life. This title takes an inside look at hip-hop dance. Hip-Hop Dance examines the origins of many styles of hip-hop dance, such as breaking and locking and popping, and explores how they burst into the mainstream and went global. Features include a timeline, a glossary, essential facts, references, websites, source notes, and an index. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards.
The Stonewall Riots
Tristan Poehlmann (author)
The Stonewall Riots discusses how in 1969, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people stood up for their rights against a society that criminalized their natural feelings, launching a movement whose legacy continues to this day. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards.
The Belles of Baseball
Nel Yomtov (author)
The Belles of Baseball discusses how in the 1940s and 1950s, women broke traditional gender barriers by playing professional baseball, boosting morale during World War II and paving the way for future generations of female athletes. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards.
Occupying Alcatraz
Alexis Burling (author)
Occupying Alcatraz discusses how in 1969, a group of daring Native American activists launched a 19-month takeover of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, seeking to highlight the poor living conditions that persisted in Native American communities throughout the country. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards.
Finding a Financial Balance: The Economy of Mexico
Erica M. Stokes (author)
Publisher: Mason Crest ISBN: 9781422286869
Over the past two decades, the Mexican government has signed free trade agreements with the United States, Canada, the European Union, Japan, and many countries in Central and South America. These agreements have helped establish Mexico as a key exporter of goods to other countries, and have helped to stabilize the countrys economy. Today, according to the World Bank, Mexico has the worlds 14th-largest economy, with the countrys annual gross domestic product valued at more than $1.25 trillion. Finding a Financial Balance: The Economy of Mexico provides information about Mexico's manufacturing and industrial sectors, agriculture, natural resources, and tourist industry. It describes problems that the nation faces, such as Mexico's crumbling infrastructure and the vast economic disparity between wealthy and poor citizens, and how the Mexican government has begun to address these problems.
The Civil Rights Movement
Jennifer Joline Anderson (author)
This title examines an important historic event - the civil rights movement. Easy-to-read, compelling text explores the history of racism and civil rights in the United States from slavery to segregation, the roles the Montgomery bus boycott, the integration at Little Rock Central High School, and the Birmingham campaign played in the movement, key African-American activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, and the effects of this event on society. Features include a table of contents, a timeline, facts, additional resources, Web sites, a glossary, a bibliography, and an index.
Robert L. Johnson
Annie Buckley (author)
Publisher: Cherry Lake Publishing ISBN: 9781602792074
Readers will be introduced to Robert L. Johnson. They'll find out how his charisma, determination, and sharp business skills helped him earn a Master's degree from Princeton University, found one of the biggest television networks in the world, and become driving forces of the entertainment industry.
Vicky Franchino (author)
Roberto Clemente was the first Hispanic American elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Readers will learn how he used his courage and determination during the off-season to help those living in poverty in Latin America.
Madame C. J. Walker
Katie Marsico (author)
Madam C. J. Walker's business skills, motivation, and determination helped her to develop a hair product and become the first African American woman millionaire. Readers will learn how those same skills also helped her reach out and help people living in poverty and speak out against injustice.
Guardians of the Home: Women's Lives in the 1800s
Matthew Strange (author)
While often behind the scenes and hidden from history, women in 1800s America worked side by side with men in building our nation. On the frontier, strong, capable women worked as hard or harder than their menfolk, taming the land and raising the crops while shouldering the responsibilities of keeping house and caring for the children. The life of the farm wife in the settled parts of the country was one of sunup to sundown labor in an era with few modern conveniences. And in urban areas, working class women were a major part of the workforce in an industrializing economy, while middle and upper class women influenced America's social movements, supported charities, and helped beautify the gritty cities. In the course of the 1800s, new labor saving technologies in the home, improved health conditions, greater economic and educational opportunities, and a growing sense of their rights helped to empower women and started the movement toward full equality with men that continues to this day.
Cornmeal and Cider: Food and Drink in the 1800s
Zachary Chastain (author)
The farmers, workers, and pioneers of America in the 1800s were nourished by a tradition of hearty, down home cooking that is still a part of our national cuisine - New England baked beans, roast beef, turkey, corn on the cob, and pumpkin pies. With roots in the British Isles, and with important contributions from Native American food plants and cooking techniques, American food and drink quality and seasonal variety was vastly improved during the 1800s by new technologies in transportation, food storage, hygiene, and preservation, growing national and world markets, and not least the delicious ethnic cuisines of new immigrant groups. Hungry for innovation, quality, and economy, Americans in the 1800s became the best fed nation in the history of the world!
From the Parlor to the Altar: Romance and Marriage in the 1800s
We're all here because of people who met and fell in love in the past! In the 1800s, most young men and women were bound by powerful traditions of family, church, and society that limited their choices in romance and marriage. As an economic and community-building institution, marriage options were traditionally controlled by the older generation. Marriages were often arranged by families, and the bride and groom's personal feelings for each other were much less important than they are today. But as in so many other ways, America was a new and more open society. Communities of people from different and diverse backgrounds were established in a new land, and young people came together in a freer, more open environment. Romantic love flourished in the America of the 1800s as it never had before, with a whole variety of courting and marriage customs, many of which we still cherish today.
Women in Chemistry
Kim Etingoff (author)
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of chemistry. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in chemistry, from Alice Hamilton to Darleane Hoffman, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be a chemist. Find out about the opportunities for women in the field. Read Women in Chemistry to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in chemistry is something you want to do.
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of medicine. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in medicine, from Rita Levi-Montalcini to Margaret Chan, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be a doctor. Find out about the opportunities for women in medicine. Read Women in Medicine to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in medicine is something you want to do.
Women Who Built Our Scientific Foundations
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in building the foundation of our current scientific knowledge. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women who have changed our scientific understanding, from Marie Curie to Ellen Swallow Richards, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be a leader in science. Find out about the opportunities for women in the field. Read Women Who Built Our Scientific Foundations to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in science is something you want to do.
Women in Information Technology
Shaina Indovino (author)
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of information technology. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in information technology, from Augusta Ada King to Radia Perlman, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to work in information technology. Find out about the opportunities women in the field have today. Read Women in Information Technology to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in IT is something you want to do.
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of engineering. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in engineering, from Grace Hopper to GM executive Grace Lieblein, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be an engineer and find out about the opportunities for women in the field. Read Women in Engineering to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in engineering is something you want to do.
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of physics. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in physics, from Shirley Ann Jackson to Lisa Randall, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be a physicist. Find out about the opportunities for women in the field. Read Women in Physics to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in physics is something you want to do.
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including in the field of space exploration. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women in space exploration, from Sally Ride to Mae Jemison, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to work in space exploration. Find out about the opportunities for women in the field. Read Women in Space to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women who have made their mark in space exploration is something you want to do.
Women Inventors
Women have made major contributions to science throughout history, including by creating new and incredible inventions. Learn about the lives of some of the most amazing women inventors, from Margaret Knight to Rachel Zimmerman, as well as their exciting and important work. Discover what it takes to be an inventor. Find out about the opportunities women inventors have today. Read Women Inventors to see if following in the footsteps of the many brilliant women whose inventions have made their mark is something you want to do.


Functional Pathways wanted you to be aware that you might receive non-compliance alerts for outpatient therapy functional reporting G-Codes and severity modifiers from your MAC.
These alerts do not apply to institutional claims. There will be no alert messaging for institutional claims between April 1, 2013 and July 1, 2013 per CR 8166. We wanted you to be aware just in case you receive these alerts.
In the MLN Matters MM8166 effective April 1, 2013 it states that therapy claims with dates of service on and after January 1, 2013 that are processed on and after April 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013—providers will receive a remittance advice (RA) message to alert providers to include the new G-Codes and severity modifiers on future specified therapy claims. Contractors will send alerts reminding providers to include the new functional limitation G-Codes and the appropriate severity modifiers on future claims through a RA message.
It also says that your carrier or B MAC will continue to process and adjudicate your therapy claims without the required G-codes and modifiers April 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013.
RARC N566– "Alert: This procedure code requires functional reporting. Future claims containing this procedure code must include an applicable non-payable code and appropriate modifiers for the claim to be processed." when CPT codes 92506, 92597, 92607, 92608, 92610, 92611, 92612, 92614, 92616, 96105, 97001, 97002, 97003, or 97004 are submitted without the nonpayable HCPCs Codes G9878 to G8999, G9158 to G9176, or G9186 and the appropriate modifier.
Please share this information with your business office managers or those who process therapy claims.


text:
Joe Hockey may face Senate battle on ATO's multinational tax secrecy
By Nassim Khadem
Updated April 9, 2015 — 3.38pm first published April 8, 2015 — 12.24pm
Labor Senator Sam Dastyari will write to the Clerk of the Senate to see what power the Senate has to appeal against the public interest immunity claim at the heart of a Tax Office decision not to identify mining companies accused of dodging tax by shifting profits offshore.
Senator Dastyari, who chairs the Senate Economics References Committee, has complained Treasurer Joe Hockey approved the decision not to reveal the companies, which are sending billions of dollars offshore as part of apparent tax-dodging strategies.
Tax Commissioner Chris Jordan said in a letter to the committee into corporate tax avoidance that Mr Hockey endorsed his decision not to release the names of 10 resources companies that transferred a combined $31.4 billion to Singapore in 2011-2012.
Mr Hockey said the decision to disclose the information of taxpayers was entirely a matter for the Commissioner of Taxation as an independent statutory office holder.
He said that confidentiality had been a key feature of Australia's taxation system since the 1950s and that "without the continued application of confidentiality provisions, we run the risk of reducing compliance with the system".
He said the Australian Taxation Office's recent amnesty, which saw 5600 people came forward to self-disclose about $600 million in income and $4 billion in offshore assets was an example of how keeping information confidential was beneficial.
"The importance of confidentiality in our tax system has always been respected by both sides of politics," Mr Hockey said, adding that both Opposition Leader Bill Shorten and former Labor treasurer Wayne Swan had cited the importance of confidentiality in previous public statements.
But Senator Dastyari is pushing to have the information of companies suspected of tax avoidance to be made public. He wrote to Mr Jordan on Tuesday asking the ATO reveal the names of the companies channelling money to Singapore, which were redacted by the agency in a document released under Freedom of Information.
Mr Jordan has claimed "public interest immunity" in refusing his request, saying naming companies could undermine confidence in the tax system.
At Wednesday's corporate tax avoidance inquiry hearing in Sydney, Mr Jordan said it would be "unprecedented for taxpayer specific information to be provided in a public way. "As far as I recall, this has not happened before," Mr Jordan said.
The Tax Office needed to maintain "transparent and open relationships" with companies, he said.
"We cannot have a situation where companies cannot share information [with the ATO]," Mr Jordan said, adding that companies might "close down" if their confidential information was revealed publicly.
"It's my judgment that it's better overall for the system to maintain the confidentiality of taxpayer information," he said. "The UK also don't disclose specific information about taxpayers."
Mr Jordan said the Tax Office was already questioning complex tax structures that companies use, including the use of "hubs" in nations such as Singapore.
Singapore is being used by a string of companies, including mining giants BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, as "hubs" where they shift profits and pay lower tax rates. In 2012-13 alone, Australian companies sent more than $100 billion to related parties to Singapore and another $15.6 billion to hubs in Switzerland.
The use of hubs is not illegal, but has come under question by revenue authorities around the world as they aim to claw back revenue from multinationals.
For years multinationals had "played off" revenue authorities against each other, but Mr Jordan said this would be harder now with new OECD country-by-country reporting requirements being introduced internationally and greater information sharing.
The OECD's head of tax Pascal-Saint Amans has also rejected calls to publicly release country-by-country breakdowns of taxes paid by multinationals, despite growing pressure from community and transparency groups.
But Senator Dastyari said it was a legal requirement for companies to give the ATO this information, and in the public interest.
He said he would write to Ms Laing asking her advice on whether he and the Senate can appeal against the ATO's public interest immunity claim.
Greens leader Christine Milne, who initiated the inquiry, asked Mr Jordan at the hearing whether there was scope for Parliament to changes laws that would force companies in their annual reports to state where their subsidiaries are located, and what the subsidiary's relationship with the parent companies is.
"That's a matter for government," Mr Jordan said.
Mr Jordan has already pledged the ATO will beat a budget target of hitting $1.1 billion in revenue from multinationals by 2017, and expects to clock much of it by the end of the year through audits of technology companies.


text:
Q: Keeping differenced value of month for last occuring key I have a dataset like this:
Month  Key
1          x
1          y
1          z
2          y
2          z
3          x
3          y

I want a dataset like this:
Month  Key   Last_occured_before_month
1          x       0
1          y       0
1          z       0
2          y       0
2          z       0
3          x       1
3          y       0

where the in each month, it will look for last occuring value of that key and wherever that month is found it will keep the differenced value.

A: Most databases support the ANSI standard lag() function.  I think the following does what you want:
select month, key,
       coalesce(month - lag(month) over (partition by key order by month) - 1, 0
               ) as Last_occured_before_month
from table t;

I do find the -1 curious.  Why would the last line be 3-y-0 instead of 3-y-1?  But, this appears to be the logic you are using.

A: You can use MAX:
SELECT Month, Key, NVL((
    SELECT mytable.Month - MAX(t2.Month) - 1
      FROM mytable t2
     WHERE t2.Key = mytable.Key
       AND t2.Month < mytable.Month), 0) AS Last_occured_before_month
  FROM mytable

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Christina James, crime novelist
Crime fiction to bring out the detective in you!
About Christina James
The D.I. Yates crime thrillers
Chasing Hares
An interview with Christina James about Almost Love
http://blog.saltpublishing.com/2013/05/13/elaine-aldred-interviews-christina-james-about-her-second-novel-almost-love/
An intervew with Christina James
http://strangealliances.wordpress.com/
Blogging experiences
Bookselling and publishing
Crime novel themes
Fair of Face
Film / tv programme reviews
Landscape and the seasons
Media-linked
Rooted in Dishonour
Sausage Hall
#MondayBlogs twitter.com/CAJamesWriter/… 3 days ago
Delighted to celebrate narrowboating. I think the Twelve Days of Christmas might be cropping up! youtube.com/watch?v=epOGXB… 4 weeks ago
RT @BookBrunch: .@QuoScript: a new independent publisher. Set up by Linda Bennett and colleagues, it will initially focus on crime and YA… 2 months ago
Follow @cajameswriter
Christina James is on Facebook
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Eight months in Fiji: how Heather's COVID year changed her life
Are you going to sleep?
Awakening of Spies: Review
There is no Planet B: review
"I've been a wild rover for many a year, and spent all my money on bleep and bleep…"
"Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?"
The crazy topics for which researchers are awarded grants are often a source of great amusement to me. During the past year I've read about a project that, after many months of expensive labour, 'successfully' created a formula for the 'ideal' slice of toast and marmalade (it wouldn't succeed in our household, where some of us like our toast burnt and others don't); a study that 'proved' that there is a link between depression and being unhappy at work; and, just this week, a piece of research that shows that the pop songs of today contain twice as many references to alcohol as the ones of twenty years ago.
At first I thought that the last of these was very funny indeed. Good on the researchers who have persuaded whomever awarded their grant that it would be a good use of scarce resources to pay them to sit around endlessly listening to pop music. More power to their (drinking?) elbow. But now I've had time to consider, I've begun to wonder if there isn't something more sinister afoot here. Assuming that this study is not entirely mindless and redundant, to what use is it intended to be put? Is the government going to start censoring pop songs? If so, it would very decidedly be the thin end of the wedge. It's not just about pop music: from the earliest times, alcohol has been a part of almost all cultures, as is reflected in their art and literature. Just imagine what would happen if a Nahum Tate style of censorship were to be applied to books. Offending works would have to be covered in brown paper, and an approximation of their titles offered instead:
•	Tizer with Rosie, by Laurie Lee
•	Irn Bru Galore, by Compton Mackenzie
•	Cakes and Tea, by Somerset Maugham
•	Dandelion Juice, by Ray Bradbury
However, having to alter the titles would be a mere bagatelle compared to the changes that would have to be made to the works themselves. Homer's 'wine-dark sea', almost his trademark description, would have to become the 'grape-juice dark sea'; Lady Macbeth would have been stuffed if, instead of being able to observe, as the grooms slipped into a drunken stupor, 'that which hath made them drunk hath made me bold', they'd all been swigging elderflower water and sitting up playing cards, as lively as crickets; and 'wine, women and song' (which I've just looked up, and find, to my amazement, that it is a saying usually attributed to Martin Luther) would not have the same ring to it if it became 'water, women and song'.
I jest, but I am also being serious. This type of statistical analysis is not only nonsense, but also very dangerous. Cultures cannot be manipulated, and even if this particular statistic is true, it doesn't necessarily mean that society is becoming more decadent. One interpretation might be that, at present, writers of pop songs are going through a very literal phase, which may mean that there are fewer double entendres to pick up on and correspondingly more overt references to be spotted by the earnest conductors of surveys. The pop songs of my youth were full of allusions to drugs, drinks and sex, but many of these were disguised. I wonder if present-day researchers would have spotted them? Self-evidently, also, my generation survived and turned out to be no more or less decadent than any other. Culture must be allowed to regulate itself.
If the government interferes in this, you may find me in my local singeasy.
Cakes and Ale Cider with Rosie Compton Mackenzie Dandelion Wine Homer Irn Bru Lady Macbeth Laurie Lee Martin Luther Ray Bradbury Somerset Maugham Tizer Whisky Galore
October 6th, 2013 7 Comments	Comment, Media-linked, Personal experiences	Christina James
7 thoughts on ""I've been a wild rover for many a year, and spent all my money on bleep and bleep…""
vallypee says:
09 +01002013-10-06T21:35:47+01:0031 2012 at 9:35 pm
From the title, I thought you were doing one of your west country specials again, Christina, but I have to say I was riveted by what you have written! It would be very interesting to know on what proposal the research into pop music was done. I have to agree that if the intention is to interfere with pop culture, it would be a very dangerous development. I enjoyed your adaptations though! The music I personally grew up with spanned quite a long period as I have two older brothers, so the pop music that shaped my youth began at the end of the fifties and went on until the end of the seventies. As this covered the whole Flower Power and classic rock music era, then yes, references to drugs in particular, and alcohol were quite obvious. But the only attempts at censorship that I remember referred to supposedly anti-patriotic lyrics, not sex and alcohol – although there may have been others I have forgotten.
Christina James says:
I have an instinctive mistrust of censorship, especially when applied to creativity of whatever kind. I think that the 'holier than thou' always indicates hypocrisy.
j welling says:
09 +01002013-10-07T01:47:03+01:0031 2012 at 1:47 am
A government should fear two things: those it oppresses and those it purports to govern. Either group is likely to come to its wits at any time and depose the leadership ending the status quo. Or,rather, they should.
Of course, I'm a rebellious bastard by nature, birth, and vocation.
Jo Carroll says:
I agree with you – I think – I find some of the Eminem lyrics hard to stomach, given that he seems to advocate beating up women. I have no problem with drink, drugs, some wonderful consensual bonking, nor political stuff that highlights inequalities or poverty … but my principles stumble when it comes to Eminem.
I don't disagree with you, Jo, though I have never listened to Eminem. My concern is the wholesale imposition of a notion of morality by government.
Agree with that, Christina – I'll man the barricades to defend people's right to say, sing, do whatever they like, to respect cultures etc, without government interference – and then I'm faced with things like female genital mutilation and my principles go out of the window for that is one acceptance too far.
oliverstansfieldpoetry
A collection of free verse poetry.
Easy Michigan
Moving back home
Narrowboat Mum
Fun, Frugal and Floating somewhere in the country!
Maria Haskins
Writer & Translator
Luciana Cavallaro
Jenny Burnley's Blog
Author of the Sophie Radcliffe Series
Clodagh Phelan
Murielle's Angel
A novel set on the Camino de Santiago
Marvellous Memoirs: Reviews and links
For my main blog about my barge, books and travels, go to http://vallypee.blogspot.com
jennylloydwriter
Jenny Lloyd, Welsh author of the Megan Jones trilogy; social history, genealogy, Welsh social history, travel tales from Wales.
songoftheseagod
I'm Chris Hill - author of novels Song of the Sea God and The Pick-Up Artist
littlelise's journey
Sharing experiences of writing
Jane Risdon
unpublishedwriterblog
Now I see the storm clouds in your waking eyes: the thunder , the wonder, and the young surprise - Langston Hughes
jessica thompson books
Diary of a Wimpy Writer
The story of a writer who didn't like to disturb.
Rebecca Bradley
Murder Down To A Tea
helencareybooks
A site for readers and writers


text:
Q: sending a php variable to onclick event can i send a php variable to my javascript function using onclick event of a link like this
<a onclick="change(<?php echo $description ?>)">

when I echo the description it is available but when I send it to my javascript function it says undefined
How can I do this ?
Thanks

A: $description is probably a string, so you need quotes around it in your Javascript:
<a onclick="change('<?php echo $description ?>')">

A: you can easily do this in jquery.. if you're interested in using another library such as jquery..
Js
var description;
$('#description').click(function(){
  description = $(this).val();
  //alternatively you can use data-description and retrieve it like so:
  description = $(this).data('description');
  //if that doesnt work use attr();
  description = $(this).attr('data-description');
  //this will return "My awesome description"
  console.log(description);
}

php
<?php
$description = 'My awesome description';
?>

html
<?= $description; ?>

<a href="#" data-description="<?= $description; ?>">Link 1


text:
Nor Yungas är en provins i departementet La Paz i Bolivia. Den administrativa huvudorten är Coroico.

Se även
 Bolivias provinser

Bolivias provinser

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Related Post "Husqvarna Riding Mower Battery Type"


text:
Canadian Study Shows Interferon-α2b Antiviral Drug Speeds up Recovery of COVID-19 Patients
UHN-U of T-led study shows antiviral drug can speed up recovery of COVID-19 patient
Corona Stocks Staff
This article was originally published by BioEngineering.
International research shows for the first time that interferon-α2b improves virus clearance and decreases levels of inflammatory markers
Credit: University Health Network
(Toronto – May 15, 2020) – An international team of researchers led by Dr. Eleanor Fish, emerita scientist at the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and professor in the University of Toronto's Department of Immunology, has shown for the first time that an antiviral drug can help speed up the recovery of COVID-19 patients. According to the new study, published today in Frontiers in Immunology, treatment with interferon(IFN)- α2b may significantly accelerate virus clearance and reduce levels of inflammatory proteins in COVID-19 patients. The research team found that treatment with this drug, which has been used clinically for many years, significantly reduced the duration of detectable virus in the upper respiratory tract, on average by about 7 days. It also reduced blood levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), two inflammatory proteins found in COVID-19 patients. Dr. Fish says that the research team considered IFN-α therapy for COVID-19 after they demonstrated interferon provided therapeutic benefit during the SARS outbreak of 2002 and 2003. "Rather than developing a virus-specific antiviral for each new virus outbreak, I would argue that we should consider interferons as the 'first responders' in terms of treatment," says Dr. Fish. "Interferons have been approved for clinical use for many years, so the strategy would be to 'repurpose' them for severe acute virus infections." Boosting a natural defense mechanism Interferons are a group of signaling proteins released by the human body in response to all viruses. As Dr. Fish explains, they are a "first line of defense." They target different stages of a virus's life cycle, inhibiting them from multiplying. They also boost an immune response by activating different immune cells to clear an infection. Some viruses, however, can block this natural defense mechanism. "But it is possible to override this block. If a virus blocks interferon production, then treating with interferon can offset this." Study details The researchers conducted this exploratory study on a group of 77 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. These patients were admitted to Union Hospital, Tongii Medical College, between January 16 and February 20, 2020. They represented moderate cases of the disease as none of the patients required intensive care or prolonged oxygen supplementation or intubation. Despite the study's limitations of a small, non-randomized group of patients, the work provides several important and novel insights into COVID-19 disease, notably that treatment with IFN-α2b can accelerate viral clearance from the upper respiratory tract and also reduce circulating levels of inflammatory factors that are associated with severe COVID-19. Dr. Fish says a randomized clinical trial is a crucial next step. According to her, a clinical trial with a larger group of infected patients who are randomized to treatment or placebo would further this research. In the meantime, the findings from this study are the first to suggest therapeutic efficacy of IFN-α2b as an available antiviral intervention for COVID-19, which may also benefit public health measures by shortening the duration of viral clearance and therefore slowing the tide of the pandemic.
For more information or to book an interview with Dr. Eleanor Fish please contact: Ana Fernandes Senior Public Affairs Advisor, UHN 437-216-4597 ana.fernandes@uhn.ca About UHN: University Health Network consists of Toronto General, recently voted one of the Top 10 Hospitals in the World according to Newsweek Magazine, and Toronto Western Hospital, the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, and the Michener Institute of Education at UHN. The scope of research and complexity of cases at University Health Network has made it a national and international source of discovery, education and patient care. It has the largest hospital-based research program in Canada, with major research in cardiology, transplantation, neurosciences, oncology, surgical innovation, infectious diseases, genomic medicine and rehabilitation medicine. University Health Network is a research hospital affiliated with the University of Toronto. http://www.uhn.ca
Media Contact Ana Fernandes ana.fernandes@uhn.ca
Related Journal Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01061
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Pushpa Devi is a member of the gram panchayat in the Rohtas District and is very interested in local law, policy and education. She has worked to ensure that the schools in her panchayat operate properly and has work to ensure schools have clean toilets and clean water access. Pushpa has also increased school attendance of girls, improved their learning outcomes and made people in the village more enthusiastic about education. She has participated in many trainings and workshops such as the Mahila Netratva Karyashaala workshop to learn to use her position of influence to affect positive change in her panchayat.


Josh Howard can't be all bad. Nor Hummer owners. Right?
So I'm at the Rangers' game yesterday afternoon and there's a smattering of fans. The die-hards, let's call them. One, in particular, caught my eye.
He was sitting down the first-base line, front row in shallow right field. With a glove on his hand and a red Rangers hat on his head, this guy was into it. I mean really into it.
Turning to the crowd and raising his arms for noise during a rally, mimicking an umpire punching out an A's batter after a strikeout and literally running up and down the aisles and stands after every single Rangers' run. All 14 of them.
I watched this guy through the binoculars just to make sure it wasn't some David Blaine illusion. Initially, briefly, I was buoyed by his unbridled enthusiasm toward a singular sports outcome. But ultimately, quickly, I felt sad for him, as a sucker genuinely rooting for a team owned by Tom Hicks, pitched by an eternal collection of duds and destined to be happy with second place.
Then I pondered -- hey, it's a long drive to McKinney -- whom do I feel sorriest for: Hummer owners getting their vehicles keyed by lunatic old men, Josh Howard absorbing racial slurs for exercising his right to freedom of speech, or Rangers fans huffing and puffing on the treadmill to nowhere?
Help me out. Where do you direct your thimble of sympathy?


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Skill and compassion go hand in hand when providing exceptional patient care. As dental professionals, we stay up to date on the latest advancements in dentistry in order to provide the most current treatment options for our patients. As doctors, we recognize that our patients are unique individuals who have placed a great deal of trust in our team. That is just one reason why we value each and every patient relationship.
We appreciate the time you've taken to visit this site and find out more about this dental practice, our team, and the many services we can provide to help you achieve optimum oral health. To learn more about our doctors please read below:
Dr. Andrew M. Koles
Dr. Koles was born in Montreal, Quebec, but at the age of 6 the family moved to the San Francisco Bay Area where he grew up and attended secondary school, university and professional school. At Burlingame High school he excelled in academics, music and athletics. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Human Biology from Stanford University, a Bachelor of Science in Dental Sciences from the University of California and in 1988 his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree from the University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry. His love for dentistry stems from the great admiration and respect he had for his childhood dentist and from the positive experiences he received while in his care. He was subsequently encouraged and persuaded by his dentist to pursue dentistry as a career.
Dr. Koles practiced as a general dentist in Sacramento, California until an inward call to return back home to Canada in 1999 brought him to Dawson Creek, British Columbia. He has maintained a practice there since. Throughout the years he has continued his education in dentistry by taking numerous courses especially in the areas of orthodontics, particularly with an emphasis on early interceptive childhood treatment by using orthopaedic/orthodontic appliances, and in implant dentistry. His practice covers the entire scope of dentistry: fillings, cosmetic dentistry, bleaching, extractions, some oral surgery, root canal treatment, orthodontics, Clearline Aligners, early childhood orthopaedic orthodontic treatment and consultations, TMJ (temperomandibular joint) evaluation and treatment, crowns and bridges, partial dentures, full dentures, implants for single tooth or multiple teeth replacement and for denture stabilization. His office provides digital x-rays and has the latest dental CT imaging technology to optimize the placement of implants, to diagnose teeth more precisely for endodontic (root canal) treatment, and to evaluate airway obstruction in children and for sleep apnea.
Dr. Koles and his wife Pamela have 3 adult children, 3 younger children recently added to the Koles family and 3 grandchildren all residing in Canada. When he is not helping Mrs. Koles in rearing the 3 younger very energetic children, he enjoys reading, especially in the area of theology, listening to and playing music, fishing when he can get away to hook one, biking and hiking.
Dr. Bhavesh Gabani
Dr. Bhavesh Gabani (B.D.S., M.A.S.) received his Dental Surgery degree in 2014 from the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi University in Bangalore, India. He graduated with first class honours with distinction for having achieved top ranking clinically and for scoring at the highest percentiles in the academic areas of oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, endodontics and public health. In 2015, Dr. Gabani moved to Vancouver to pursue studies in Administrative Science in Global Health. In 2018 he not only graduated from Fairleigh Dickinson University with a Masters of Administration degree, but also successfully fulfilled and passed all the necessary conditions and examinations required by the National Dental Examining Board of Canada to become a licensed dentist in British Columbia. He is registered with the College of Dental Surgeons of British Columbia.
Dr. Gabani has a special interest in cosmetic dentistry and pays close attention to the patients' demands for superior aesthetics. Understanding that ultimate aesthetics is also inextricably intertwined with other disciplines and specialties of dentistry such as periodontics, prosthodontics and orthodontics, Dr. Gabani is constantly involved in continuing education in these areas. He is currently taking advanced courses in prosthodontics and orthodontics. Because the office has the latest technology in imaging for precise placement for implants, Dr. Gabani is also involved in treatment planning for the placement of dental implants.
One of Dr. Gabani's most enjoyable challenges as a dentist is to alleviate the stress and anxiety in patients that may accompany a dental visit. With his warm and inviting personality, he is a hit with children and has an uncanny ability to relax his patients and make them believe that dentistry can be a pleasantly positive experience.
In his free time, Dr. Gabani is a real outdoors person. He enjoys hiking, is a fan of badminton and cricket and loves travelling to new places. He and his wife, Paras, also a dentist, reside in Dawson Creek, BC.
933-103 Ave. | Suite 1 | Dawson Creek, BC V1G 2G4 | Call (250) 782-7908
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