text:
Depotdrengen
The archive: if we want to know what that will have meant, we will only know in times to come. Perhaps. Not tomorrow, but in times to come. Later on, or perhaps never. – Jacques Derrida
Between practice and theory – some reflections on archival science, the archival professions and archival education
Gudmund Valderhaug
Records play important roles in regulating societal relations. Records document property rights, the rights and obligations of individuals, make it possible to keep government accountable, and to access knowledge about the past. But these functions depend on societal confidence; society must be able to trust that records are what they appear to be; that they are not manipulated, but authentic and reliable and have value as documentation. The emergence of archivistics, or archival science, as a separate discipline can be understood as an expression of societal needs to control the information in records and archives. Likewise, we may understand the theoretical and methodological development of archival science since the 19th century against the background of changes in the societal functions and uses of archives, as well as the technological conditions for archiving and communication. However, such societal needs, functions and uses will never correspond to society at large; they will be influenced by the existing power relations and represent the interests of the economic, political and intellectual elites. Consequently, archival science is not a neutral or exact science.
Archival thinkers have generally dealt with written records, created by the state or other organs of government, and neglected other kinds of archives, such as oral archives, photographs, but also private records made by individuals, organisations and businesses. One reason for this is that the key archival thinkers of the 20th century – almost without exception – have been employed by national or public archival institutions, and this has obviously influenced their professional interests and priorities.
In this talk I will give a rough outline of the development of the archival discipline, and then say a few words about the development of the archival profession, before I conclude by presenting my ideas of what an archival academic education should include. In passing, I will also present the archives and records management program at the Oslo University College. The title of my presentation – between practice and theory – may be understood as a somewhat rather excessive characterization of the Norwegian archival community. There are relatively few colleagues that engage in theoretical issues, even though we are a few more today than a few years ago. A growing number of archivists are working with methodological issues, such as developing methods for digital recordkeeping and preservation, or for dissemination and outreach. Still, most archivists are mainly engaged in practical work. And it has been like this for a very long time.
Archival Science
It may be symptomatic that the book that for more than 100 years has been regarded as "a bible of archivists" – Muller, Feith and Fruins Handleiding voor het order en beschrijven van archieven – is indeed what the title suggests: a manual for the arrangement and description of archives. It is primarily a methodological and practical handbook, without any developed theoretical underpinning. And the authors' errand was indeed not to engage in theoretical speculation about the general characteristics of archives and records, but to formulate a set of rules that could contribute to the establishment of a common standard for arrangement and description in the Dutch archival institutions (Muller et al 2003:9). Still, the authors built their methodological and practical framework on a certain understanding of what an archive is; to them, and their contemporaries, an archive was an «an organic whole, a living organism, which grows, takes shape, and undergoes changes in accordance with fixed rules. (—) These rules cannot be fixed by the archivist in advance; he can only study the organism and ascertain the rules under which it was formed" (ibid:19). This understanding was fundamental for the formulation of the manual's two basic methodological concepts: the principle of provenance and the principle of original order.
Fifty years after the publication of the Dutch manual, Hilary Jenkinson expressed the same view when he stated that the archives «came together, and reached their final arrangement, by a natural process: are a growth; almost, you might say, as much an organism as a tree or an animal. They have consequently a structure, an articulation and a natural relationship between parts, which are essential to their significance (—) Archive quality only survives unimpaired so long as this natural form and relationship is maintained" (Jenkinson 2003:238-39). But, in contrast to Muller, Feith and Fruin, Jenkinson developed a theoretical basis for his understanding of archives. He defined archives as «the Documents accumulated by a natural process in the course of the Conduct of Affairs of any kind, Public or Private, at any date; and preserved thereafter for Reference, in their own Custody, by the persons responsible for the Affairs in question or their successors" (ibid:237). When an archive is preserved in this way, through the unbroken custody of the records creator and subsequent depot institution, it is an organic whole, containing, in Jenkinson's terms, impartial and authentic evidence.
Classical archival science did not provide much room for theoretical speculation. If the archive was created by a «natural process", it followed (naturally!) that the archivist's job was to arrange and describe it in accordance with this «natural» structure. Furthermore, the Dutch manual provided answers to most methodological and practical issues related to arrangement and description of paper-based archives. Eric Ketelaar (2000:234-35) suggests that the high quality of the manual has been an important reason for the low interest in archival theory among archivists: » This is the paradox of professional quality. Their early professionalism constrained Dutch archivists to ask "what" and "how," instead of "why." It led them to focus on the procedures, methods, and technologies of archival work and to put matter over mind."
Classical archival methodology focused on preserving – or recreating – the original physical structures of archives. As a result of this, key concepts were often understood as physical, and not conceptual: provenance was understood as the concrete origin of an archive, in a physical office, while records were considered as physical objects. The functional and contextual factors that had been significant in creating these physical structures and objects were often ignored, and the analysis of the archive as an expression of the creator's social position and activities was neglected. This led to a situation where archival science in practice was reduced to normative procedures, methods and techniques for arranging and describing archives as physical objects.
However, since the 1980s, the archival community, both nationally and internationally, has witnessed a remarkable professional development; I will suggest that archival science in the course of the last thirty years has evolved from an auxiliary science of history to become an independent scientific discipline. There are certainly several reasons for this; but I will restrict myself to indicate three important factors.
Firstly, archives and records have become increasingly more important in society. With the emergence of the "information society", people are creating more records now than ever before in history, through our use of mobile phones, credit cards, and computers and the internet. And this new technology has opened up a new arena for making archives and records available for multiple users and uses. Another important factor has been the introduction of freedom of information legislation in numerous countries during the last half of the 20th century, which has made access to records instrumental in controlling public bureaucracy and politicians. And – partly because of this new right to access records – there has been a major change in the public use of archives in Norway and in other countries. Back in the 70s and 80s the «typical users» were academics (researchers or graduate students working on their master degree), family historians or people looking for documentation of property rights. Today, a substantial part of the public requests – especially in municipal archives – comes from individuals and groups looking for documentation of previous public neglect, persecution or discrimination, to achieve justice and reparation (for example the war children, children's home inmates, etc). On the one hand, this development has altered societal use of records, bringing new users to the archival institutions and highlighting records as sources for justice, accountability and transparency; not only historical knowledge. On the other hand however, it has made archivists increasingly aware that archives are selective memories, not as complete and trustworthy as we may have thought: many of the records asked for by these new users did not exist or were insufficient. They had been lost, destroyed or maybe never created, due to previous recordkeeping regimes (Valderhaug 2001, 2003, 2005).
Secondly, classical archival science was challenged by the emergence of digital technology. The classical concepts – or the physical understanding of these concepts – were insufficient in describing the electronic manifestations of records and recordkeeping systems; they had to be replaced or re-interpreted by more abstract concepts. One striking example of this is the traditional notion of records as unique.
"Is a record unique because there is only one written document? This in contrast with books, newspapers and journals?" asks Eric Ketelaar in an article from 1997, and answers: "The uniqueness of a record is not caused by the unique character of the document or the information it contains. What makes archives intrinsically unique is their nature as the sediment of a specific and unique activity or transaction" (Ketelaar 1997)..
Another example of this development can be found in the Norwegian Archives Act's definition of a document, which was changed from a «medium that stores information» in the original version from 1992, to a «logical demarcated amount of information stored on a medium" in 2002.
Thirdly, the notion of the archive as a «natural, organic whole» was challenged from another position: Foucault, Derrida and others had demonstrated that archives are constructed, created by human beings who transmitted their values and attitudes to the records. Thus, .archiving is not a «natural» process; it is a societal process influenced by political and economic power, by bureaucratic, legal, cultural and technological preconditions, and by the record creator's social position, intentions and purposes. The archive is «the law of what can be said» according to Foucault (1992:129), or in Kaisa Maliniemis words (2005:4): «The archiving process is not an objective action, it serves somebody's interests.»
These three factors (and several others) have profoundly influenced archival thinking, and led to the emergence of new and differing professional discourses and tendencies. (This is also the case in other disciplines: It is possible that the existence of competing theoretical and methodological tendencies is one of the characteristics of a scientific discipline).
One of these tendencies has been to focus on the archive as a system, with the goal of identifying functional and technical requirements for the creation and preservation of electronic records as authentic documentation over time. Another tendency has been concerned with the archive as a societal phenomenon, trying to gain insight into why and how different societies create and use archives; how the power relation in societies affects the creation and uses of archives; and how archives function as a basis for identity and cultural understanding. We might – with some risk of simplification – state that these are the two main tendencies within the international archival community today; however, I must stress that these tendencies are not mutually exclusive; they share a common base of concepts, ideas and insights that more or less constitutes a new archival discourse. One of these common insights is that the record creation process is an integral part of archival science, and an important area for theoretical and methodological research and development.
In addition, the Archive – with a capital A – has been discussed by a number of other academic disciplines during the last decade, especially after Jacques Derrida's Archive Fever was published in English. A great number of good and exciting articles have been published on the Archive as inscription, as a symbol and expression of power, as a domain of contesting and conflicting memories, marginalization and forgetting. But, as Terry Cook said in his speech at the Philosophy of the Archive conference in Edinburgh in April 2008, only to a small degree has this discussion has been about the real people that work in the real institutions and with real archives, and their professional attitudes, thinking, theories, methods and procedures that continually creates and recreates the character of the archives that is preserved and made available in these institutions. And, still following Cook, in this theorising on Archives the archivist has been absent not only as an object, but also as a subject. .The most important player has been missing in this context: the one that defines, selects and constructs the archives that are preserved; she who is representing and re-presenting the surviving archival traces for researchers and other users.
To sum up: This new professional diversity may be understood as a consequence of several factors: The computer revolution, "post-modern" influences, changes in the societal functions of records and archives and, of course, others factors not mentioned in this rather short overview.
The archival professions
The societal and professional development of the last thirty years has moved the archives professionals in archival institutions and administrations into new, more prominent societal positions. One very visible result of this is the increasing interest in ethical issues in the archival community. Twenty years ago, this was actually a non-issue. In the early 1980s, Hilary Jenkinson's ethical imperative of the era of classical archival science still stood fast:
"His Creed, The Sanctity of Evidence; his Task, the Conservation of every scrap of Evidence attaching to the Documents committed to his charge; his Aim, to provide, without prejudice or afterthought, for all who wish to know the Means of Knowledge" (Jenkinson 2003:258).
The archivist's foremost duty was to preserve and make available the archive as «impartial documentation» of the activities of records creator, acting as a neutral, impartial intermediate between the records and the users. This ethical imperative is not sufficient for archives professionals in the 21st century. In Norway today, both archivists and records managers play important societal roles related to the new and extended societal functions of archives. In the public sector, records are created not only to be an administrative resource for the records creators; they are also created to serve as sources of transparency, accountability and democratic control of government, to document and secure the rights of individuals, and to be sources of verifiable knowledge of the past. In our country these purposes are actually embedded in the Archives Act, the Administration Act and the Freedom of Information Act. Public records should be made for the benefit of both the records creators and society at large. This «big archive», the sum of existing and available archives, should be an important societal resource for the citizens. Jacques Derrida has characterized this social significance of archives with these words: «Effective democratisation can always be measured by this essential criterion: the participation in and the access to the archive, its constitution, and its interpretation» (Derrida 1995:4).
This new societal orientation has reduced the distance between record managers and archivists. Furthermore, the recent development of archival science as a discipline concerned with the complete archiving process, the creation, appraisal, preservation and dissemination of records, has made the competence requirements for archives professionals in archival institutions and administrations more similar. The challenges that the professions face, as a result of new social roles and the technological development, indicate that today we need archivists and records managers with new competencies.
Working with archives should be a scientific discipline, based on theory and methodology, and not a craft ruled by law, regulations and rules issued by the National Archivist. It is not sufficient to have archivists that can use a set methodology to arrange and describe an archive, or records managers that can do their daily routines of registering and classifying records. We need records managers with a good understanding of the principles and practices of electronic recordkeeping systems, and the short- and long-term societal functions of records and archives. On the other hand, an archivist with no knowledge of why and how records are created, is unlikely to be able to do the job properly.
Records managers and archivists may be regarded as two separate professions, but they both need theoretical, methodological and technical knowledge that makes them able to analyze and solve professional problems. Such knowledge requirements are common for both professions to a certain degree: this might be knowledge of the archive as a system and as a societal phenomenon, as evidence and social memory, and knowledge of the principles for creation and preservation of records, of access and transparency, and professional ethics. Of course, both professions need specific knowledge connected to their specialised work, but the scientific base for their work is common to both. It is this understanding that is the starting point for archival education at Oslo University College (HiO).
Archival Education
Archival education is relatively new in our country. The traditional approach, both in administration and depot institutions, has been a practice-based training, where one has learned procedures and techniques with guidance from a more experienced colleague. One might even have been encouraged to read some professional literature. This normative learning method is not sufficient for archival professionals today.
When we revised the curriculum for the archival education at HiO for a few years ago, our goal was to create a program that qualified professionals for work in both administrations and institutions, based on the scientific quality of the archival discipline. We therefore developed a basic program that aimed to provide the students with a broad understanding of archival science, dealing with the archive as both a social phenomenon and as a system. One important feature of the HiO program, is that it does not start with archival theory and recordkeeping systems. Instead, the first module focuses on the societal functions of records and archives, to provide students with an understanding of why and how records are created as evidence of actions and transactions by records creators; how records are used as the means for transparency and democratic control; for documentation of individual rights; and as sources of knowledge and historical understanding. The core of the module is the legislation that regulates case handling, records creation and archival preservation in the public sector.
Archival theory and methodology is introduced in the second module. This covers the development archival theory, and the theoretical and methodological principles that are the basis for the creation and preservation of analogue and electronic records. This implies knowledge of ISO 15489 and NOARK, but also of ISAD(G), and ASTA. The core of this module is the NOARK standard. The third module combines appraisal and records management planning. This might seem to be a somewhat unusual combination, but functional analysis is a good approach for both appraisal and records management planning. The core of this module is the Australian DIRKS model, which may be used to identify documentation requirements in both a short- or long-term perspective. The students' understanding is then tested through a project assignment in which they are required to write a dissertation which analyzes the documentation needs of an organisation and proposes either an appraisal schedule or elements of a records management plan. The fourth module focuses on the relationships between records management services, or archival institutions and the public. Our main objective is to develop a critical understanding of the archival professions' roles as intermediaries between the user, the archive and the employer, in both digital and analogue environments and the ethical challenges this position might imply.
Our basic program covers 60 ECTS credits and is conducted on a part-time basis over two years. After finishing this basic program, students might undertake further studies. We offer three more advanced 15-credit modules on digital records creation, preservation and digital depot. These modules are thus focused on electronic records with a more technical approach than the basic program. Students will learn the theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge necessary to qualify them to operate electronic recordkeeping systems, carry out data extraction and maintain electronic archives over time. Still, there are some challenges that I think we have not dealt with satisfactorily; electronic recordkeeping can easily become too much a technical matter, and this is problematic when we know how effective these systems can be as tools for registration and control of society's citizens. So, in my opinion, we have some work to do before the theoretical and ethical aspects of electronic recordkeeping are dealt with properly.
Next year we will be able to offer our students a Bachelor program in archives and records management, and in coming years (hopefully rather soon) a Master's degree will be in place. My personal ambition is to develop an experience-based master, tailor-made for archives professionals working in administrations and institutions (and who have bachelor or master's degrees in other subjects). I know that there are several hundred colleagues around who are qualified to begin an experience-based Master degree.
The current status of the archives and records management education at HiO is that we have 2.7 teachers and annually about 35 new students enrolled each year. This is a good starting point for the work ahead. Our main goal is to educate good, critical professionals, but it is also necessary to educate researchers and promote research that can strengthen archival science as an academic discipline. For this purpose, Karen Anderson has been appointed as a Professor 2 to help with developing a PhD program.
Archival science has undergone extensive development over the last thirty years. It has established itself as an independent scientific discipline. Archival professional are increasingly becoming societal actors, positioned between the administrations, the records, the citizens demanding documentation, and the greater society. For me this raises one fundamental question: to whom should archivists and records managers be held responsible? Our employers, who pay our salaries and have us at their disposal eight hours a day? Or should our foremost obligation be to the archive, to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the documentation? To what extent are we accountable to the users of the archives and to those who are registered in the archives? And how does all this connect to our duties to society at large? Finally – in contrast to these «external» relationships – is it at all possible to listen to our own conscience? The archival profession, archival education and archival science as a scientific discipline can never be separated from the society in which the records are created, preserved and used.
Derrida, J (1996): Archive FeverDerrida, J (1996): Archive Fever. A Freudian Impression. A Freudian Impression. The University of Chicago Press, paperback edition 1998. The University of Chicago Press, paperback edition 1998.
Foucault, M (1992): The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Foucault, M (1992): The Archeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Pantheon, New York. Pantheon, New York.
Horsman, P, Ketelaar, E og Thomassen, T (2003): New Respect for the Old Order. Horsman, P, Ketelaar, and Thomassen E, T (2003): New Respect for the Old Order. The Context of the Dutch Manual. The Context of the Dutch Manual. I: The Amercian Archivist vol 66, Chicago. In: The American Archivist vol 66, Chicago.
Jenkinson, H (2003): Selected Writings. Jenkinson, H (2003): Selected Writings. Society of American Archivists, Chicago. Society of American Archivists, Chicago.
Ketelaar, E (2000): Archival Research saving the Profession. Ketelaar, E (2000): Archival Research saving the Profession. The American Archivist vol 63, Chicago. The American Archivist vol 63, Chicago.
Ketelaar, E (1997): Can We Trust Information? Ketelaar, E (1997): Can We Trust Information? I: The International Information & Library Review, Vol. 29, No. In: The International Information & Library Review, Vol 29, No. 3-4, 1997. 3-4, 1997.
Maliniemi, K (2005): Rapport fra forprosjekt: Nasjonale minoriteter i offentlige arkiver. Kartlegging av kilder relatert til kvener i Nordreisa og Porsanger. Landslaget for lokal- og privatarkiv, Oslo.
Muller, F, Feith, JA og Fruin, R (2003): Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives. Muller, F, Feith, and Fruin JA, R (2003): Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives. Nyutgåve, Society of American Archivists, Chicago Society of American Archivists, Chicago
Valderhaug, G (2001): Eit hamskifte i arkiva. Kommunal arkivdanning 1950-2000. In: Bråstad, K, Johannessen, K and Sirevåg, T (ed): Fra Clio til Kringsjå. Festskrift til riksarkivar John Herstad. Oslo
Valderhaug, G (2003): Recordkeeping in Local Government in Norway. In: Archival Science, vol. 2, no 3, Dordrecht.
Valderhaug, G (2005): Memory, Archives and Justice. Accessed on the internet at https://depotdrengen.wordpress.com/memory-archives-and-justice-article/
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About Depotdrengen
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Archives and Geography – Reflections on my Archival Passions
Arkiv – ein garanti for rettferd?
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Arkiva til alle – og alle til arkiva. Er ei ny samfunnsorientering nødvendig?
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Etikk, varsling og arkivarens rolle
Etter arkivmeldinga. Kor står vi og kor går vi?
Exit Music: The Last Time
Exploring the trace: On the reading of client biographies in poor commision domicile files
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Memory, Archives and Justice
Memory, monuments and archives – some reflections on secrecy and access
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Q: How to run Atmosphere Sample? I have just downloaded the Atmosphere Samples from Github. When I ran jetty:run goal on the chat-sample, I have some problems.
I can access to the page (http://localhost:9090) with my browser, but when i start chatting, nothing append, because the server return an 404 error page for each AJAX request.
What am I doing wrong?

A: I had the same problem, and was able to solve it by running jetty not through maven but with jett-runner. You have to download 2 jars:
wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/eclipse/jetty/jetty-websocket/8.1.4.v20120524/jetty-websocket-8.1.4.v20120524.jar
wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/mortbay/jetty/jetty-runner/8.1.4.v20120524/jetty-runner-8.1.4.v20120524.jar

build the war with:
mvn package

and than you can run it by:
java -jar jetty-runner-8.1.4.v20120524.jar --jar jetty-websocket-8.1.4.v20120524.jar  --path /atmosphere target/atmosphere-chat.war

now you can open your browser to:
http://localhost:8080/atmosphere/

A: Ok something similar happened to me recently. Along with no message being sent, there were also 404 errors for all the JS files. Thats when I realized that trailing slash in http://localhost:9090/ is important :)

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Danger, Warning, or Caution based on the risk type.
liquids near this or any other appliance.
immediately after the refrigerator is unpacked.
Children should never play with these items.
• These problems are not limited to the past.
take the precautions listed below.
on recycling your old refrigerator.
your protection against electrical shock hazards.
and ordinances. Consult a qualified electrician.
Do not use an extension cord or adapter plug.
insufficient power can damage the compressor.
Such damage is not covered under your warranty.
from being turned off accidentally.
provided to assist you with familiarizing yourself with product features and terminology.
Model is shown without freezer drawer cover.
cord or an adapter plug.
equipped with an automatic ice maker.
so the door can be opened wider.
themselves within a 20 degree opening.
and gently pull forward (see illustration).
side) to allow drawer to rotate.
center (B). Be careful not to rotate the drawer.
4 Tighten four (4) drawer screws.
• Doors should align with each other and be level.
lowering the adjustable front rollers.
Door stop is adjustable between 85 to 145 degrees.
1 Open door to provide access to screw.
3 Adjust door to desired location.
2 Open doors to 90 degrees.
3 Loosen or remove screw.
have been leveled with rollers.
counterclockwise (when viewed from the bottom).
with the longer one supplied in the handle package.
To reinstall the right door, reverse the above steps.
pencil. This makes reinstallation easier.
or damage to the doors or handles.
(two (2) screws on each side).
3 Lift drawer up and out to remove.
fully inserted into slots on each side.
6 Tighten four (4) drawer screws.
side), tighten down, and close drawer (C).
8 Install the toe grille by fitting into place.
To ensure that handles are flush with doors/drawer, make sure that set screws are completely tightened.
supply line to the refrigerator.
where temperatures fall below freezing.
softener is maintained and working properly.
comply with all local plumbing codes.
pressure between 30 and 100 psi.
can be moved out for cleaning (as shown).
your household water system. DO NOT use a selfpiercing type shutoff valve.
1. Disconnect refrigerator from electric power source.
2. Place end of water supply line into sink or bucket.
water is clear. Turn OFF water supply at shutoff valve.
inlet and finger tighten compression nut onto valve.
with a wrench; DO NOT overtighten. See Figure 2.
8. Reconnect refrigerator to electrical power source.
switch to the "ON" position (fresh food ice maker).
saddle valve). Please refer to www.electroluxappliances.com for more information.
A red indicator light will be illuminated above most active features.
Press and hold for three (3) seconds to reset after filter change.
three (3) seconds to reset after filter change.
temp mode Touch to toggle display from Fahrenheit to Celsius.
sounds are muted when the red indicator is lit. Warning signals will stay active.
Resets all refrigerator settings such as temp, temp display and tones to their factory default settings.
refrigerator. It also turns off the ice maker. The temperature displays will read OFF.
mode is manually activated when the red indicator is lit.
must unplug the power cord from the wall outlet.
Press the + or – indicator to adjust the temperature to the desired setting.
out after 10 seconds and return to the basic display.
and the door ajar indicator will display on the bottom display of the control panel.
prompt the reset of any active alarms. Press this key to reset any system alarms.
when the door is first opened, the alarm sound will be repeated.
high temp alarm may also be illuminated until a safe operating range temperature has been reached.
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Sabbath mode function on the main refrigerator display.
TempTM Drawer will have to be turned back on.
display does not illuminate to show that it is still on.
ice bin in about three (3) days.
regular ice making mode or 1 1/2 days on fast ice mode.
of ice every 24 hours depending on usage conditions.
arm to turn it ON.
be sure the softener is properly maintained.
especially prior to vacation or moving.
detergent. Do not use harsh or abrasive cleaners.
the ice maker by lifting wire signal arm.
Your refrigerator includes a variety of storage drawers.
bottom of the fresh food compartment.
designed to catch and hold accidental spills.
1 Before adjusting a shelf, remove all food.
2 Lift the front edge up and pull the shelf out.
into the desired support slots.
with the Humidity Control set on Lower Humidity.
2 Lift the front slightly and remove the drawer.
you to store four (4) bottles of wine or soft drink bottles.
set it to a higher humidity.
foods for 12 hours. At the end of that time, it then switches to the snacks setting to store the thawed food.
set and store personal temperature selections.
temperature setting until it is changed.
pressing for three (3)seconds again.
fruits are best kept in one of the crisper drawers.
1 Before adjusting a bin, remove all food.
5 Lower the bin onto supports until locked in place.
Drawer cover in water or put it in a dishwasher.
Clean with a damp cloth or sponge.
up to eight 12-ounce canned beverages.
before the refrigerator was turned off.
positions, while others can be adjusted to your needs.
1 Remove all items from basket.
the retainer clips on the stabilizer bar.
the drawer will not close properly.
it from the retainer clips.
freezer drawer) is not designed to be removed.
Lift up on the front of the upper divider and pull out.
Lift up on the rear of the lower divider and pull out.
designed to be removed .
and 40° F with an optimum temperature of 37° F.
quality for longer time periods.
• Wash items and remove excess water.
• Keep the freezer compartment at 0° F or lower.
freezer wrap prior to freezing.
run longer and use more energy.
on moisture build-up inside the unit.
one time and close the door as soon as possible.
change may damage the glass.
may create a boiling or gurgling sound.
through the refrigerator by the evaporator fan.
compressors run much faster than older models.
opens to fill the ice maker.
produce a light humming during operation.
opens or Perfect TempTM drawer is turned off.
and impurities from the refrigerator compartment.
amounts of water released during the filter replacement.
specified on the performance data sheet.
(6) months to ensure the highest possible water quality.
model is not performance tested or certified by NSF.
flush with the filter release button.
The air filter is located under the utility bin.
replace the filter after six (6) months).
1 Open the air filter door.
2 Remove the old filter and discard it.
3 Unpack the new filter and slide it into the housing.
bottom to lock the door closed.
mode or 1 1/2 days on fast ice mode.
immediately and clean the freezer and fresh food compartments at least twice a year.
gaskets, or cabinet liners. Do not use paper towels, scouring pads, or other abrasive cleaning materials.
• Never use metallic scouring pads, brushes, abrasive cleaners, or strong alkaline solutions on any surface.
• Never use CHLORIDE or cleaners with bleach to clean stainless steel.
• Do not wash any removable parts in a dishwasher.
• Always unplug the electrical power cord from the wall outlet before cleaning.
continue until you unplug the power cord from the wall outlet.
• Do not remove the serial plate. Removal of your serial plate voids your warranty.
the floor from being damaged.
careful not to move the refrigerator beyond the plumbing connections.
• Damp objects stick to cold metal surfaces. Do not touch refrigerated surfaces with wet or damp hands.
service representative to perform this operation.
• Use 2 (2) tablespoons of baking soda in 1 (1) quart of warm water.
around controls, light bulb or any electrical part.
•Wipe gaskets with a clean soft cloth.
•Use a soft cloth to clean drawer runners and tracks.
•Do not wash any removable items (bins, drawers, etc.) in dishwasher.
•Remove toe grille (see Installation Instructions).
bleach or alcohol to clean handles.
•Use a soft cloth to clean smooth handles.
•Do not use a dry cloth to clean smooth doors.
and a dishcloth. Rinse with clean water and a soft cloth.
purchased at most home improvement or major department stores.
cleaners containing ammonia or bleach.
•NOTE: Always clean, wipe and dry with grain to prevent scratching.
detergent. Rinse well and wipe dry with a clean soft cloth.
•Leave refrigerator operating during vacations of three (3) weeks or less.
•Use all perishable items from refrigerator compartment.
•Remove all food and ice if you will be gone one (1) month or more.
•Turn water supply valve to closed position.
•Leave doors open to prevent odors and mold build-up. Block doors open if necessary.
•Remove all food and ice.
•If using a handcart, load from the side.
•Adjust rollers all the way up to protect them during sliding or moving.
•Pad cabinet to avoid scratching surface.
1 Unplug your refrigerator's power cord.
2 Remove light cover by pushing up and out.
3 Remove light cover, if necessary.
of the same type and wattage (normally 40 watts).
5 Replace light cover, if necessary.
6 Plug in the refrigerator's power cord.
several lights may not light up.
use bulbs that are designed for appliance lighting.
bulbs to avoid getting cut.
understand, you can usually avoid a call to your service representative by referring to this section for an answer.
Beginning with the following table, this information includes concerns, potential causes, and common solutions.
• Ice maker is turned off.
ensure the supply valve is open.
• Ensure that the supply line does not kink when the refrigerator is pushed into place against the wall.
filter firmly so that you hear it lock solidly into position.
(6) months old or older, it should be replaced.
• Turn off household water line valve. Remove valve.
valve. Replace valve if necessary.
• The water supply line is kinked.
• The water filter is not seated properly.
• The water filter may be clogged with foreign material.
weekly to keep the cubes separated.
filter. Replace the water filter.
causes it to freeze together.
one or both doors were left open too long.
•See "Concern" section, "Refrigerator Operations".
•Close and reopen door(s) to enable lights.
• Interior needs to be cleaned.
• See Care & Cleaning Tips.
• Check for ice or food items blocking drawer.
blocking the door from closing.
• Food is touching shelf on top of drawer.
• Keep less food in drawer.
• Remove or redistribute food.
• Cooling system is turned Off.
location of cooling system On/Off button.
•This is normal for a fully automatic defrost refrigerator.
•Ensure plug is tightly pushed into outlet.
•Check/replace fuse with a 15 amp time-delay fuse.
•Check house lights. Call local Electric Company.
• Refrigerator is in defrost cycle.
• Plug at wall outlet is disconnected.
refrigerator at a constant temperature.
• Room or outside weather is hot.
• Automatic ice maker is operating.
• Doors are opened too frequently or too long.
on side of left hand door).
•Warm air entering the refrigerator causes it to run more.
• Fast Freeze function is activated.
• Freezer control is set too cold.
while automatic ice maker is on.
• Ice maker is on.
• Fast Ice function is activated.
• Refrigerator control is set too cold.
opened. Open the door less often.
• Freezer control is set too warm.
• Refrigerator control is set too warm.
• Temperature control is set too warm.
• Adjust temperature control to a colder setting.
• Weather is hot and humid.
• Door is opened too often or too long.
• Vegetables contain and give off moisture.
•Moisture on the bottom side of the cover is not unusual.
•Move humidity control (select models) to lower setting.
collecting in bottom of drawer is normal.
they begin to break down.


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text:
Tag Archives: Propaganda
Are US mercenaries deploying in Ukraine? Or… is it bullshit? On Putin's use of speculation as foreign policy.
Yesterday, Russian news agency RIA Novosti asked for my insight into Kremlin claims that US private military company Greystone is deploying mercenaries in Ukraine.
Amid the chaos of eastern Ukraine and Greystone's association with Blackwater/Xe Services, the Russian claims seem to be gathering momentum, regardless of evidence. There's an added twist. RIA Novosti itself – once a pretty independent source of news – was shut down late last year by the Kremlin, and now exists as a government controlled agency.
Claims like these remind me of the 'Bullshit Or Not?' sketch on cult 1987 film 'Amazon Women On The Moon' in which Henry Silva floated the possibility that Jack the Ripper might in fact have been the Loch Ness Monster. So I figured the least I could do would be to point out how problematic agenda-driven news like this can be. Here are their questions (below). What follows is my reply, warts and all (but with links and some hurriedly made typos corrected).
The April 10th 2014 email from RIA Novosti
Hi _____,
Thanks for inviting me to comment. I've written you some answers, and they appear below.
But of course I'm a little wary of the current editorial line of the 'reborn'/post-shutdown RIA Novosti. From the questions you ask, I sense that it would be convenient for me to get excited (like the classic nutters and conspiracy theorists on Russia Today) to back up some line about mercenaries. ("We are doing a story about Greystone mercenaries in Ukraine" would seem to accept that such forces are in Ukraine before the question "Are there mercenaries in Ukraine" even arrives!)
I'm afraid that if that's the editorial line, my answers are going to disappoint.
I don't think there's credible case either way for the presence of mercenaries (we'll get to contentious definitions later) in the places RIA Novosti is currently reporting, and I don't think interviews with local militia commanders who reckon they saw people who "look like" mercenaries (were they wearing the party hats?) or spoke to people who claimed they'd heard some mercenaries (were they discussing their membership of a mercenary union?) is the way to go.
I could probably find someone on my road who says they were John Lennon in a previous life, but I don't think I'd report it as fact. Although actually, the Lewisham News Shopper did have a cracking piece on a poor lady who was convinced she'd been Arsène Wenger's fiancée in mediaeval France. Apparently he had no Plan B then either.
Essentially, if this is part of a piece in which the editorial line is "Let's get some people to agree that there are mercenaries doing evil deeds in Ukraine", I'm not your man, and I can't give permission to participate, or to use my material.
OK. Apologies for saying all this first. I'm a confirmed and lifelong russophile, my work in journalism tends to be around avoiding the harmful push towards convenient but mendacious narratives, and I'd say the same to trolls-and-nutters US networks like Fox TV these days if they asked me for material to back up what I suspect might be a non-story.
That said – and on the understanding that you guys will treat this with integrity – happy to offer some insight.
Here are your questions, with my answers underneath. I hope they're helpful.
The pathology around the word 'mercenary' makes it an easy thing to accuse someone of, but a very difficult thing to define, much less prove. And of course, the absence of a mercenary force is by its nature unverifiable – could it just mean that they were "so good they were never caught!" Which makes it the new witchcraft, I suppose. Certainly the new conspiracy theory. Libya was a recent example of the word 'mercenary' applied to just about every side at one point – depending on who you wanted to delegitimize. I reckon this is not only intellectually dishonest, but sows fear and miscalculation. It also (perhaps more importantly from your point of view and this story) misses the key points about mercenary use anyway.
1. How legal is it to use mercenaries, what are the existing regulations?
There's a UN convention against mercenaries (UN resolution 44/34, International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, came into force on 20/10/2001) and different countries rule against their use too. However, their definition of a Mercenary is quite full of loopholes, and could either encompass security guards in buildings, or Blackwater, or soldiers of fortune, or none of them. (The UN's definition is copied here.)
Parameter one, "…in order to fight…": Historically, that's been got around by saying "Our staff are not there to fight, they are security guards specifically trained in conflict avoidance techniques" or some such. Is guarding something fighting? Not really, no – you hope it won't be, any more than walking down the street means getting mugged. So in practice, there's often a huge blurry area where terms like security guard, courier, technician and mercenary (and too many others to mention) tend to edge into each other.
Perhaps the most famous recent example of someone who inhabits that grey area is Viktor Bout – a simple businessman in the air freight industry, as he and the Russian government claimed during his extradition hearing? Or The Merchant Of Death, the world's most notorious gunrunner to mercenary and guerrilla armies, as the US & UN Panel of Experts claimed? The picture gets complicated because, though he worked for private militaries in Africa, promised to supply what he thought was FARC and so on, he was also subcontracted to both the Pentagon (as a transporter for US reconstruction in Iraq) and the Russian government (flying arms to Afghan factions in the 1990s – see the 2010 Russian blockbuster Kandaghar for the dramatization of the story of one of his real crews). But there's also the 'grey' zone around US PMCs in Iraq, armed security around oil pipelines and refineries (in Russia, Africa, Libya, everywhere), and companies like DynCorp and Executive Outcomes used by peacekeeping operations in Africa.
Or, more simply (if no more easy in terms of answers), it is not legal to use the classically defined proactive paid combatants known as mercenaries. But to deploy trained security personnel who can protect property, people, assets, businesses, whatever – that can well be legal, and of course for businesses across Russia, the West, the world generally, it's part of standard corporate practice. So the dividing line becomes something people tend to define for themselves on a case-by-case basis.
2. Are there mercenaries in Ukraine?
Nobody has credible information on that score – including, I'd strongly suggest, the 'local militia leaders' and sundry other types currently pointing and shouting about mercenaries from RIA Novosti's Twitter feed.
US Mercenaries and Right Sector Fighters Move Into Donetsk – Militia Leader http://t.co/siGSsqhp6T
— RIA Novosti (@ria_novosti) April 10, 2014
And I'd tend to mistrust anyone who claims to know differently right now – like those local militia commanders being treated as responsible/expert sources on RIA this afternoon… Because 'mercenary' so loose and therefore easily manipulated, defining people as 'mercenaries' has become as much an act of political will and expediency as calling someone a "traitor".
(Example: Just look at the ongoing claim and counterclaim as to whether pro-Russian protestors in Kharkiv are "paid and arrive in buses" or "locals who are not being paid".)
For what it's worth, I suspect that there's an element of that here. The Kremlin and bystanders have said people look like mercenaries. Yet (unless you're reading graphic novels or watching Hollywood films) mercenaries don't really look like mercenaries. Well, you wouldn't want to really, would you? For the same reason, you don't get a badge and uniform when you join the Mafia!
Sometimes private military contractors take full advantage of that looseness too – as did Blackwater in Iraq.
But beyond 'Nobody knows for sure', we can say that it's in the interests of (or, it fits the policy of) the current Russian government to say there are.
This leads us to the goal of any mercenaries – whether real or imagined.
3. What are their goals?
If there were any paid personnel (please see earlier qualifier as to what makes one person's mercenary another's guard), their goals would probably be the usual – protect key people, assets and potentially places and resources.
This is not the goal people usually imagine, of course. But remember, any private military company who pro-actively deploys to engage with an enemy is no longer deniable: it would be breaking the UN Convention in a very clear way. So 'mercenary' units (PMCs) don't tend to do that. Hence the high number of 'security contractors' and not 'mercenaries'. Usually their deployment makes a deterrent to casual or spontaneous damage (like a bodyguard to a celebrity – you won't ever hope to protect them from a planned assassination, but from a nutter with a broken bottle, sure) and potentially to be there for the rapid rescue of specific people or intelligence or whatever, in the event of an acute crisis.
But then, we also need to ask what would be the purpose of phantom (ie: not really there at all) mercenaries. Well, on one hand, if the West were deploying mercenaries in Ukraine, it would be very easy for the Kremlin to call it a provocation (In fact, though there's no credible evidence, it just did anyway.) So it's clearly in the Putin administration's interests – or rather, again, it seems to fit their current line of policy with regard to Ukraine – to claim they are there.
Which is one reason, actually, that I'm a little dubious about the claim. Are there businesses (including, but not limited to, Western ones) with regional HQs in Ukraine that employ heavy security to protect their property? Well, they'd be stupid not to, right? In the same way that Gazprom employs a private army to protect miles and miles of Siberian pipes, or Shell uses armed security to protect oil installations.
Are they anything to do with the current crisis? I'd tend to think they were trying not to be.
Are they a convenient thing for hawks in Putin's administration to call mercenaries?
Maybe. Let's ponder that.
4. What threats does it pose to the democratic processes in the country?
Well, as you see, nothing around mercenaries is simple. And when you throw in propaganda, high emotion and a chaotic environment in which the rule of law is being denigrated, it's murkier still. Mercenary armies, when they exist and deploy, are clearly counter to the common good. That's why the UN bans them, in language however woolly.
However, perhaps in this case you could say that throwing the phrase "mercenaries" around is also a threat to the democratic process in a country. I'd suggest that at the very least it's unhelpful, and at worst intended to stir up a feeling of being "under occupation", or being muscled into by a military force other than Russia. So of course, rather than "Do you want to be just Ukraine, or more closely tied to Russia?" they'd hope to force the question: "Under whose military occupation/protection would you rather be? Your neighbour, or a Western bunch of people some local militia leaders reckon are definitely mercenaries?" A choice based on a false premise, aimed at persuading floating voters? In the end, that's the suspicion that lingers over these claims.
However, it's just a suspicion. I'm probably being infuriatingly cautious from a broadcaster's point of view. Apologies. But truthfully, it's best to be suspicious of anyone who speaks with less caution at a time like this. By far the greatest threats to the democratic process in Ukraine and everywhere else are fear, miscalculation, and bullshit.
Thanks for letting me sound off! Hope some of this is useful.
Postscript: Well, I wrote that to be as defiantly unquoteable as I could, copying in a fellow Moscow journalist, just to put the exchange on-record in real time. Here's what RIA Novosti turned the above contribution into.
… here's how RIA Novosti extracted my quotes to suit their purpose.
And here's my reply, pre-publication:
My response to RIA Novosti, asking that my quotes not be decontextualised
The piece eventually appeared with my one-line qualifier in. I'll leave you in the capable hands of Henry Silva, Jack the Ripper and the Loch Ness Monster, and a sketch that could have been written for Russia Today (or Fox News, to be fair). In Mr Silva's words: "Is it bullshit? Or not? YOU be the judge!"
Posted in Comment, Press, Russia	| Tagged Academi, Blackwater, Conspiracy theorists, Greystone, Interview, Journalism, Mercenaries, PMCs, Propaganda, RIA Novosti, Russia, Ukraine, Viktor Bout, Xe Services	| 1 Reply

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mehbooba Mahnoor Chandni, known as Chandni is a Bangladeshi model, actress and dancer. She had roles in the films Dukhai, Lalsalu and Joyjatra.

Biography
Chandni started taking lessons of dancing at the age of four. She learned Bharatanatyam, modern and Bangladeshi dance under Hero. She became first in group dancing in Notun Kuri competition telecasted on BTV.

Chandni started her career through the film Dukhai in 1994. She also appeared in television plays. She has earned a good name as a dancer and widely travels abroad. She performed in the cultural program as Bangladeshi community in Brunei Darussalam celebrated their 42nd Independence and National day in 2012.

Chandni married musician Bappa Mazumder on March 21, 2008 and got divorced in 2017.

Works

Films

Dramas

Awards

References

External links

 Mehbooba Mahnoor Chandni at the Bangla Movie Database

Living people
Bangladeshi female dancers
Bangladeshi female models
Bangladeshi film actresses
Bangladeshi choreographers
Best Supporting Actress National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Right now, you may be feeling it's time for you to have a nonprofit website redesign, but may be currently thinking: "Didn't we just do that three years ago?" Here's the thing, though – at the rapid rate of technological advancements, any website (no matter how awesome or how much money was spent on it) is going to become outdated. New programs are introduced, best practices are modified and Google's ever-changing algorithm raises the stakes of becoming outdated on a regular basis; making it increasingly important to have a fresh website.
A Nonprofit Website Redesign Can Be So Refreshing!
This is where analytics can help you see what's going on. Run reports on things like click rates, sales conversions and how long viewers stay on the page. The results will give you solid and clear data on the effectiveness and performance of your website. It is also a good idea to look into the analytics of your competitors so you have something for comparison.
Basically, without doing a nonprofit website redesign, you are missing out on a ton of exposure and potential interaction.
Overall cost savings – a nonprofit website redesign can save your organization money which could have been spent on customer service, advertising, marketing materials and can lessen the load on your team.
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Knowing God: We are loved.
God is good. Marvelous. Gracious. Caring. Strengthening. Sovereign. Generous. Miraculous! He has been all these things to me, personally in my life. He is a good Father, one who teaches me even when I'm disobedient, even when I'm cold and unresponsive, even when I ignore Him. He doesn't let go of me. He's relentless in his loving. I can try and requite it, the way a street lamp tries to contribute to the light given by the moon. And God loves every splutter of light, but ultimately it's all about him. All on His strength so that He gets the glory. And Gods glory is a beautiful, intangible, unimaginable thing. A thing for which the world was created, for which Jesus died and rose again, and for which we now live.
And we do live! We live everyday. Every breath is a testament to his grace and mercy and patience and most of all, love. We live to magnify His greatness. That is the best thing for us, and the best thing for Him. We, by his grace, have been swept up into a hurricane, a whirlpool of unquenchable love that overflows and pushes outwards. It's a river, a flow of something wonderful, the thing that we strive so hard to reach but can only receive through humbling ourselves and taking the gift, the precious gift that the Father is offering: communion with Him. That is the secret to our soul's whispering, the balm which soothes our aching bones. Him.
We live in a world where everything is inside out and back to front; we love ourselves first. It sickens me. But the world that we were made for is one of the complete opposite. How strange will it be to exist in a place where it is natural for us to serve others first? Where our immediate and strongest desire will be to love our fellow man, and to love God? How strange and yet how utterly wonderful!! How right! The guide, the rod which serves to straighten the cavities in our souls and hammer our world back into its right place, is scripture. God has given us his word! He's speaking to us! Oh that we would unblock our ears from the gunk of laziness and earthly things and pries open the lids of our heart and hear Him! He yearns for it. I wish to yearn for it too. I want to want. I wish to wish! I ask that God would soften my heart enough for me to catch the gentle whisper of his Spirit and follow its iron-hard silver thread right back to Him. Let my desires be tuned to His. What an honour it would be to sing along to the murmurings of God! How can he pour so much into a hole that is only receiving, only swallowing, and not giving back? How can he give his everything for a stinking, repulsive, selfish, greedy, sucking world like ours? It is His nature. It blows my mind. He just. Keeps. Giving. I can take such comfort in knowing that you will never abandon me, Father. Whatever happens to this physical body will be yours. Yours in the elation, yours in the pain, yours in the sadness, yours in the joy. Yours for eternity. And how comforting is it to know that I will never reach the bottom of your well. That no matter how many pails of joy and goodness that I pull up, there will always be more to spill into my veins. I know that because Jesus told me. He told me with his sacrifice and his blood. He told me he was willing when he smiled and touched a leprous man. He told me he loved me and would give everything for me when he took the lashes for me, when he bore the crucifixion for me, when he cried out that 'it is finished'.
And it is finished. Gods plan is all wrapped up. We are crown-bearers who have done nothing to deserve our status. Crown-bearers who have been bestowed upon an honour to become a part of Gods plan. He's inviting us in! Our big brother took the punishment for us, and yet we get to reap the rewards. It isn't fair, but it is gracious! Thank you my God-brother. Thank you for your love. Thank you for the way you sheltered us and ushered us before Gods throne and sit beside him and intercede for us. Thank you for your deep understanding, your empathy and identification. You came down to us. You recognise what it is to be a human.
There are things going on here that I barely grasp. I feel as if I am scratching the surface of something, gazing in blurry wonder at only the tip of the iceberg…now I know in part, then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. We are the ungrateful owners of such a hope and glorious promise! We will be able to taste the joys of knowing God fully. That will be…something that all the flamboyant and extravagant words in the world will not be able to even begin to capture. That will be, as God loves to describe things, good. How can God squash his secrets into our human language!? I guess that's why we are in this created world. All of creation sings of its glorious and powerful creator, all animals speak of his life-giving goodness, his character is explained through the way the waves crash recklessly against the cliffs and lap calmly against the grains of sand. But most of all, humans speak of God. We are made in His image. I don't think we fully understand, or even nearly understand what that means. But there is something sacred about being the imprint or reflection of God on this earth! In every human there is a spark of precious. In every culture, every terrain, every country, every village, every town, every building, every barrier we have built for ourselves – God transcends them all. He got there first and made us all the carriers of something sacred. That both unites us and saddens our wickedness even more. How dare we strike out at one another? It goes against everything that we stand for, everything that we were made for.
Love is the answer. Not the mushy, mislead, sentimental love that breeds rom-coms and fairytales, but the hard, true, bold, bloody, self-forgetful, self-sacrificial love of God, embodied in Jesus Christ – his son sent to earth to die for us. We are called upon to echo that love. And echo it I will. This sin-ridden body boldly makes the claim, but I know that I will need divine assistance. There is no way a flimsy human like myself could ever bear the cost that real love takes. Only with the same Spirit that drove Jesus can I even hope to achieve and bear something like that. And my Father has seen fit to bestow on us the mighty counsellor, to not leave us as orphans, but to breathe upon us his warm breath of life.
With the Spirit we are truly alive. And can walk for God as people with true life and great joy, not wandering aimlessly in the shadows of death. We can run towards eternity knowing that, not only is God above us, behind us and in front of us, but also within us, stirring us up from the inside.


The Whole Ten Yards | Living or Dead?
The Whole Ten Yards: Living or Dead?
Which cast members of 2004 film by Howard Deutch The Whole Ten Yards have died?
The Whole Ten Yards is a 2004 American crime comedy film directed by Howard Deutch and sequel to the 2000 film The Whole Nine Yards. It was based on characters created by Mitchell Kapner, who was the writer of the first film. The film stars Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry, Amanda Peet, Natasha Henstridge, and Kevin Pollak. It was released on April 7, 2004 in North America. Unlike the first film, which was a commercial success despite receiving mixed reviews, The Whole Ten Yards was a major critical and commercial failure.


text:
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="WindowLogic.cs" company="Catel development team">
//   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2015 Catel development team. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if NET || SL5

namespace Catel.MVVM.Providers
{
    using System;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using Views;
    using Logging;
    using MVVM;
    using Reflection;

#if SILVERLIGHT
    using System.Windows.Controls;
#endif

    /// <summary>
    /// MVVM Provider behavior implementation for a window.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Some parts in this class (with the instances and increments), but this is required to dynamically subscribe to
    /// an even that we do not know the handler of on forehand. Normally, you would do this via an anynomous delegate,
    /// but that doesn't work so the event delegate is created via ILGenerator at runtime.
    /// <para />
    /// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8122085/calling-an-instance-method-when-event-occurs/8122242#8122242.
    /// </remarks>
    public class WindowLogic : LogicBase
    {
        #region Fields
        /// <summary>
        /// The log.
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ILog Log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

        private bool? _closeInitiatedByViewModel;
        private bool? _closeInitiatedByViewModelResult;

        private readonly DynamicEventListener _dynamicEventListener;

#if SILVERLIGHT
        private bool _isClosed;
#endif
        #endregion

        #region Constructors
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WindowLogic"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="targetWindow">The window this provider should take care of.</param>
        /// <param name="viewModelType">Type of the view model.</param>
        /// <param name="viewModel">The view model to inject.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">The <paramref name="targetWindow"/> is <c>null</c>.</exception>
        public WindowLogic(IView targetWindow, Type viewModelType = null, IViewModel viewModel = null)
            : base(targetWindow, viewModelType, viewModel)
        {
            var targetWindowType = targetWindow.GetType();

            string eventName;

            var closedEvent = targetWindowType.GetEventEx("Closed");
            if (closedEvent != null)
            {
                eventName = "Closed";

                _dynamicEventListener = new DynamicEventListener(targetWindow, "Closed", this, "OnTargetWindowClosed");
            }
            else
            {
                eventName = "Unloaded";

                _dynamicEventListener = new DynamicEventListener(targetWindow, "Unloaded", this, "OnTargetWindowClosed");
            }

            Log.Debug("Using '{0}.{1}' event to determine window closing", targetWindowType.FullName, eventName);
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the logic should call <c>Close</c> immediately when
        /// the <c>DialogResult</c> is set.
        /// <para />
        /// By default, the <c>Window</c> class correctly closes the window when the <c>DialogResult</c> is
        /// set, but not all implementations work like this.
        /// <para />
        /// The default value is false.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// <c>true</c> if <c>Close</c> should be called directly after setting the <c>DialogResult</c>; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
        /// </value>
        public bool ForceCloseAfterSettingDialogResult { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the target control as window object.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>The target window.</value>
        private FrameworkElement TargetWindow
        {
            get { return (FrameworkElement)TargetView; }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the data context of the target control.
        /// <para />
        /// This method is abstract because the real logic implementation knows how to set the data context (for example,
        /// by using an additional data context grid).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="newDataContext">The new data context.</param>
        protected override void SetDataContext(object newDataContext)
        {
            TargetView.DataContext = newDataContext;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when <see cref="LogicBase.TargetView"/> has just been unloaded.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The sender.</param>
        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
        public override void OnTargetViewUnloaded(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnTargetViewUnloaded(sender, e);

            ViewModel = null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when the <see cref="LogicBase.ViewModel"/> is closed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The sender.</param>
        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="Catel.MVVM.ViewModelClosedEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
        public override async Task OnViewModelClosedAsync(object sender, ViewModelClosedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (_closeInitiatedByViewModel == null)
            {
                _closeInitiatedByViewModel = true;
                _closeInitiatedByViewModelResult = e.Result;
            }

            await base.OnViewModelClosedAsync(sender, e);

#if SILVERLIGHT
            if (TargetWindow is ChildWindow)
            {
                // This code is implemented due to a bug in the ChildWindow of silverlight, see:
                // http://silverlight.codeplex.com/workitem/7935

                // Only handle this once
                if (_isClosed)
                {
                    return;
                }
            }
#endif

            if (_closeInitiatedByViewModelResult != null)
            {
                bool result;
                try
                {
                    result = PropertyHelper.TrySetPropertyValue(TargetWindow, "DialogResult", _closeInitiatedByViewModelResult);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Log.Warning("Failed to set the 'DialogResult' exception: {0}", ex);
                    result = false;
                }

                // Support all windows (even those that do not derive from ChildWindow)
                if (!result)
                {
                    Log.Warning("Failed to set the 'DialogResult' property of window type '{0}', closing window via method", TargetWindow.GetType().Name);

                    InvokeCloseDynamically();
                }
                else if (ForceCloseAfterSettingDialogResult)
                {
                    InvokeCloseDynamically();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                InvokeCloseDynamically();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when the <see cref="TargetWindow"/> has been closed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Public to allow the generated ILGenerator to access this method.
        /// </remarks>
        // ReSharper disable UnusedMember.Local
        public async void OnTargetWindowClosed()
        // ReSharper restore UnusedMember.Local
        {
#if SILVERLIGHT
            // This code is implemented due to a bug in the ChildWindow of silverlight, see:
            // http://silverlight.codeplex.com/workitem/7935

            // Only handle this once
            if (_isClosed)
            {
                return;
            }

            _isClosed = true;
#endif

            if (_closeInitiatedByViewModel == null)
            {
                _closeInitiatedByViewModel = false;

                bool? dialogResult = null;
                if (!PropertyHelper.TryGetPropertyValue(TargetWindow, "DialogResult", out dialogResult))
                {
                    Log.Warning("Failed to get the 'DialogResult' property of window type '{0}', using 'null' as dialog result", TargetWindow.GetType().Name);
                }

                await CloseViewModelAsync(dialogResult);
            }

            _dynamicEventListener.UnsubscribeFromEvent();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Invokes the close method on the window dynamically.
        /// </summary>
        private void InvokeCloseDynamically()
        {
            var closeMethod = TargetWindow.GetType().GetMethodEx("Close");
            if (closeMethod == null)
            {
                throw Log.ErrorAndCreateException<NotSupportedException>("Cannot close any window without a public 'Close()' method, implement the 'Close()' method on '{0}'", TargetWindow.GetType().Name);
            }

            closeMethod.Invoke(TargetWindow, null);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
(Companies beginning with 'I')
INFINITE WORLDS LLC
INFINITE WORLDS MAGAZINE #7 (MR)
(W) Various (A) S-bis
Infinite Worlds is a full-color, ad-free science fiction magazine featuring art, stories, comics and interviews from creative minds around the world! (STL179243)
64pgs, FC	SRP: $13.00
INKWELL COMICS
GREETINGS FROM WASTELAND HC
(W/A) Various (CA) Mark Kauffman
Greetings From the Wasteland collects the best political cartoons from the worst era. This book features four years of political satire from the Nib, skewering Trump, tech overlords, Internet Nazis, flailing Democrats, and everyone else responsible for this hellscape. The collection also features interviews with 15 brilliant political cartoonists. (STL179203)
HC, 220pgs, FC	SRP: $25.00
BACK TO THE FUTURE DELOREAN TIME MACHINE USERS MANUAL (C: 0-
(W) Bob Gale (A) Joe Walser
One of the best-loved movie sagas of all time, the Back to the Future trilogy has left an indelible impact on popular culture. Back to the Future: DeLorean Time Machine: Owner's Workshop Manual delves into the secrets of the unique vehicle that transports Marty McFly and Doc Brown through time, including both the original version of the car and the updated flying model. From the DeLorean's unmistakable gull-wing doors to Doc's cutting-edge modifications, including the Flux Capacitor and Mr. Fusion, this manual offers unprecedented insight into the car's inner workings. Filled with exclusive illustrations and never-before-disclosed information, this guide is the perfect gift for the trilogy's legion of fans. (STL178530) (C: 0-1-0)
Reference Book, HC, 8x11, 160pgs, FC	SRP: $29.99
MARVEL COMICS VARIANT COVERS HC (C: 0-1-0)
(W) John Rhett Thomas (A) Various
Comprising some of the most sought-after and valuable comic art in the world, variant covers are a time-honored tradition in comics publishing. The variant cover phenomenon began in 1986 and was immediately embraced by fans everywhere; it was then bolstered in 1991 by Marvel Comics' X-Men #1 setting the world record for the best-selling comic of all time. The variant cover has become a regular part of Marvel Comics' diverse output, with a spectacularly creative set of alternate covers being created for many key issues. These works of art are collected in Marvel Comics: The Variant Covers, which showcases some of the finest and most famous variant covers ever produced alongside exclusive interviews from leading comic artists and industry experts. Featuring an astounding selection of covers starring fan-favorite characters, this volume is a must-have for casual fans and comic book aficionados alike. (STL178377) (C: 0-1-0)
Art Book, HC, 9x12, 216pgs, FC	SRP: $45.00
HARRY POTTER EXPLORING DIAGON ALLEY (C: 0-1-0)
Explore Diagon Alley in gorgeous and intricate full-color illustrations. From the stacked shelves of Ollivanders and Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes to the vaults of Gringotts and beyond, journey through fan-favorite locations seen in the Harry Potter films. In immersive drawings of the magical street, you'll spot iconic scenes, beloved witches and wizards, enchanted artifacts, and more. Along the way, you'll be treated to fascinating facts about the movie magic that brought Harry Potter to life on the big screen. (STL178534) (C: 0-1-0)
Art Book, HC, 10x14, 48pgs, FC	SRP: $29.99
AIR WAR STORIES #4
(W) Paul S. Newman (A/CA) Sam Glanzman
Each issue of Air War Stories focuses on aerial war battles, illustrated brilliantly by comic book legend, WWII vet, and Eisner Award nominee Sam Glanzman! This issue features: "One Was Doomed," set during WWI; "Hayseed Hharrington," set during WWII; and "You Only Lose Once," set during WWII. Also included are essays about Glanzman, original covers, vintage advertisements, and more! (STL147447)
RES. from Previews Vol. XXX #1 (JAN201848)
DOSE #3 CVR A GEBBIA (MR)
(W) Sean Ellis (A/CA) John Gebbia
Meet the Screw Worm, an unemployed, ex-teenage metahero sidekick with a growing dependency on drugs and too much time on his hands. After his life changing experience at the Pleasure Dome nightclub, the unsuspecting Screw Worm gets jumped on his way home! What will become of our heroic hero? Did he really witness that gruesome scene at the nightclub or were the drugs just that good?!? Speaking of getting high, just who is the mysterious Meta Kate anyways? And will the Worm ever get to finally eat? (STL179204)
DOSE #3 CVR B GEBBIA (MR)
DOSE! is a unique reinterpretation of the super hero genre which explores what would happen to society if the technology and superhero population introduced in the Silver Age of Comics grew exponentially through today. Super Powers are mundane, kaiju walk the streets, and cybernetic enhancement surgery is just a phone call away-if you have the cubits to pay for it, that is. Meet the Screw Worm, an unemployed, ex-teenage metahero sidekick with a growing dependency on drugs and too much time on his hands. After his life changing experience at the Pleasure Dome nightclub, the unsuspecting Screw Worm gets jumped on his way home! What will become of our heroic hero? Did he really witness that gruesome scene at the nightclub or were the drugs just that good?!? Speaking of getting high, just who is the mysterious Meta Kate anyways? And will the Worm ever get to finally eat?!? All this and more in issue 3 of DOSE! (STL179205)


Have You Been Injured? Contact us today at (888) 287-7926!
Have you or a loved one been injured as a result of the negligent, criminal, or reckless actions of another individual? If so, it may be in your best interest to contact a James Flinn, Attorney at Law as you may be entitled to receive compensation. Our New Orleans personal injury lawyer is devoted to pursuing justice on behalf of individuals who have suffered injuries and damages due to the negligence of another party. Do not hesitate to secure our immediate representation today.
Get started on your personal injury claim today!
We recognize that the experience you went through was traumatic. As such, we stand ready to assist you and do all we can to help you obtain the amount of compensation you deserve. Should you choose to work with our firm, you can be confident that we will do everything in our power to protect your rights, and help you recover maximum compensation.
Regardless of how you sustained your injuries or how severe they are, protecting your well-being and interests will always be our number-one priority. Our New Orleans personal injury attorney is licensed to practice in all state and federal courts in Louisiana, and has years of experience handling a wide range of personal injury cases.
We operate on a contingency fee basis - If we are unable to help you reach a settlement or win at trial, our firm will not charge you a cent. As a Top 40 Under 40 Trial Lawyer, our attorney is not afraid to go to court and fight on a client's behalf. We possess the skills and tenacity to go up against any insurance company. No matter how intimidating the defendant is, we will work our hardest to ensure our clients are not cheated out of the compensation they deserve.
Let us review your case for free! Call for your free consult.
Although you may be feeling overwhelmed and frustrated about your current predicament, you do not have to work through the legal matters on your own. We are here to help you! While you focus on your recovery, we will handle all of your legal matters and tirelessly fight to maximize your compensation.
Do not wait to get started on your claim!
Contact our firm today to set up your free case evaluation .


WARNING: PARTIES and gatherings are strictly forbidden. We operate a noise monitoring system. If noise is above 40 dB (loud music or loud voices) you will be requested to vacate the property inmmediately.
In this instance refund of your booking WILL NOT be processed. If you made this booking with the intention of having a party or meeting, please cancel or CALL US NOW and we will refund your booking fees. Internet wi-fi is provided. The apartment can comfortably accommodate up to four people. One double bed and a sofa bed is provided. Netflix is provided free of charge during your stay. Gas central heating which mitigates the Scottish weather in minutes. Check-in 24/7 available. Please be advised that there is not an independent bedroom. The apartment is all in one living space, with exception to the kitchen and bathroom.


About Condo Suite By The Beach The 3-star Condo Suite by the Beach offers comfort and convenience whether you're on business or holiday in Batangas. The property features a wide range of facilities to make your stay a pleasant experience. 24-hour front desk, Wi-Fi in public areas, car park, restaurant, coffee shop are on the list of things guests can enjoy. Some of the well-appointed guestrooms feature television LCD/plasma screen, non smoking rooms, air conditioning, desk, blackout curtains. The hotel's peaceful atmosphere extends to its recreational facilities which include private beach, fitness center, outdoor pool, spa, massage. Condo Suite by the Beach combines warm hospitality with a lovely ambiance to make your stay in Batangas unforgettable.


text:
Trans activists to rally at Stonewall on the eve movie's release #NotYourProp
Added by Kelli Busey on September 24, 2015.
Tags: Ashley Love, Notyourprop, S.A.I.D., Stonewall, Stonewall riots, Stonewall the movie
The real Stonewall Riots weren't Roland Emmerich's and Jon Robin Biatz's whitewashed and classist fiction, it was a rebellion against transphobia, homophobia and police brutality.
Amy Walker first reported on this problematic movie on August 5th with her post on how Stonewall Movie Erases Trans Women And Black Drag Queens From History.
A group of activists intends to make that clear tonight at Stonewall Inn.
Ashley Love has formed the group S.A.I.D. (Stonewalling Accurate and Inclusive Depictions) and has scheduled a Rally Facebook event for tonight September 24th outside of the Stonewall inn.
The Idiotic Stonewall Is A Bigger Disaster Than Roland Emmerich's Actual Disaster Movies ~ Deadspin
In a recent New York Times interview, journalist and S.A.I.D. coordinator Ashley Love said, "Seeing the film in its entirety was disappointing in how once again white gay men reduce trans women of color down to historical, social and political props, further highlighting issues of classism, trans-misogyny, anti-blackness, Hollywood trans-face casting, misgendering, identity appropriation and transparent propaganda."
'Stonewall' Star Jeremy Irvine Defends His Hated Movie ~ Daily Beast
Scheduled rally speaker Octavia Lewis, Education Specialist for Transgender Programming at New York's Hentrick Martin Institute, writes, "We'll no longer allow the gay patriarchy to edit out trans women and lesbians of color from history or belittle our resistance just to retain their white male privilege."
Stonewall shortchanges an era-defining moment ~ AV Club
Also speaking at Thursday's history presentation, educator and Black Lives Matter NYC organizer Aaryn Lang writes, "Marginalizing trans women of color in the Stonewall movie is part of an age-old Hollywood tradition of whitewashing history to further separate marginalized people from the truth of their existence in this country. We have been, and continue to fuel this movement."
…..vanilla story of a homeless Indiana teen looking for community in New York City. ~ Variety
On September 22nd, Vanity Fair published a scathing film review of the Stonewall entitled 'Stonewall Is Terribly Offensive, and Offensively Terrible' in which writer Richard Lawson notes, "Turns out, Stonewall is perhaps even worse than some feared it would be—more offensive, more white-washed, even more hackishly made… Stonewall at least does that bit of good: it illustrates how systems of privilege and prejudice within a minority can be just as pervasive and ugly as anything imposed from the outside. And that's an outrage. So how long until someone throws a brick through the screen?"
BuzzFeed's Meredith Talusan (who recently became their first trans staff writer) also reviewed the film in an article entitled, The New "Stonewall" Film Treats Trans People Like Inspirational Sidekicks, writing, "Trans and gender-nonconforming characters in Stonewall serve as love interests, comic relief, and support for a white gay boy's coming-of-age journey, rather than the stars of their own story"
More background: Director/producer Roland Emmerich and screenwriter Jon Robin Baitz, both white gay men, have crafted such an inaccurate depiction of the 1969 Rebellion against police brutality and transphobia that it supersedes what both men excuse as mere "fiction" to what scholars and credible sources deem as historical revisionism due to the film's whitewashing, trans-minimizing, bi-erasure and gay-washing.
Furthermore, transsexual feminists have condemned Emmerich's 'Hollywood trans-face casting', a commonly used term for the stigmatizing and humiliating industry practice of non-trans directors hiring male actors to play trans* woman roles. This miscasting only reinforces institutionalized misgendering, which is a form of trans-misogynistic gender mockery.
Read more at Stonewalling Accurate & Inclusive Depictions (S.A.I.D.)


GrowFL is launching a new program in partnership with FloridaMakes to encourage further second-stage growth with state manufacturers.
The Florida Manufacturers Business Growth Program will offer businesses critical resources needed to survive and thrive, implement talent infrastructure and develop lasting connections between businesses and the organizations committed to seeing them grow. GrowFL is seeking Entrepreneur Support Organizations to participate in this program, with up to 10 awarded to participate through submission of an Request for Proposal.


This is the Jammin Products Metric Nut Driver Set. The Jammin metric nut driver set includes 5.0, 5.5 and 7.0mm sizes, and a nice storage case. The wrench handles are made out of aluminum and anodized for maximum durability with a comfortable feel allowing for maximum grip, and the wrench size is laser etched on the handle making it easier to identify the size quickly. The tips are replaceable and made out of a very durable steel alloy making them almost impossible to strip.


Do you have a better photo of Sheriff?
Lost to gun violence on November 2, 2014 in El Dorado Springs, Missouri.
43 candles have been lit for Sheriff.
Light a candle for Sheriff.
Ask your friends to light a candle or come back tomorrow to light another candle for Sheriff.


Rana, Krish make a cameo in a TV serial!
Telugu film celebrities are slowly following the footsteps in terms of how they promote their films. While making appearances on TV shows especially like talk shows and live interviews has become a norm, of late a new trend is emerging in Telugu film industry. Earlier this year, S S Rajamouli had made a cameo in a serial titled Chandramukhi which was aired on ETV. It was the 1500th episode of the mega serial and Rajamouli himself had directed it. Since his film Eega had released just then, his appearance was quite handy in the film's promotions as well. Earlier today, Rana and Krish did something similar. Both of them made a cameo in an ETV serial titled Putthadi Bomma. The duo had recently teamed up for Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum and it took a good opening at box office. In its second week, the film is registering decent collections and the film's team is doing its best to promote the film. Such appearances have become a good hit with the audience as well, but we'll have to wait and see if it can take off in a big way.


text:
The Teams of Yesteryear
1901-1903 Washington Senators Photograph Thread
RUKen
1903 Senators' Center Fielder Jimmy Ryan (left) and Right Fielder Kip Selbach (right)
1903 Ryan.jpgWas Selbach RFLF.jpg
Selbach shifted to left field at mid-season.
Last edited by RUKen; 05-24-2013, 07:42 AM.
1903 Senators' Left Fielder Ed Delahanty
Was Delahanty LF.jpg
1903 Caricature of Ed Delahanty, Al Orth, and Kip Selbach
1903 Delahanty Orth Selbach.jpg
Delahanty was determined to leave the Senators to join the New York Giants, but a compromise was reached that kept him with Washington.
Below, Sporting Life articles from March (left) and May (right):
1903 Delahanty ultimatum March.jpg1903 Delahanty compromise May.jpg
Delahanty remained dissatisfied, and on July 2nd, when the team was traveling on a train from Detroit to Cleveland, Big Ed became drunk and belligerent. He was ordered to leave the train in southern Ontario, across the Niagara River from Buffalo, New York. He walked onto the railroad bridge, was accosted by the night watchman, but fought him off, and then either jumped or accidentally fell over the side to his death in the river.
1903 Delahanty Death full.jpg
Enlargements of the Sporting Life article:
1903 Delahanty death July 1.jpg
Enlargements of the Sporting Life article (continued):
------------------------------------------1903 Delahanty death July 3.jpg
1902 Carl Horner portrait of Ed Delahanty
1902 Ed Delahanty - Horner.jpg
1903 Shortstop Charlie Moran
1903 Moran.jpg