Start the new school year off on the right foot with a fun gathering with friends! Here are 15 Back to School Party Ideas to help spark some creativity!
Back to School – Let's Party!!
Whether your kids have already gone back or if they will be going back soon, there is still time to throw a fun back to school party to kick off the new school year. You can go all out or keep it super simple. Either way, here are some creative back to school party ideas to help get you started!
1. A super fun Back to School Party idea – How to Create a DIY Pizza Pocket Station where the kids can pick and choose their own flavor combinations to fill their baked dough pocket! From The Tom Kat Studio.
2. Back to School Cookies, from Kara's Party Ideas.
3. Back to School Celebration on a Budget, from Spaceships and Laser Beams.
4. Back to School Book Exchange Party, from Clean Living Clean Eating.
5. Throw an Art Themed Back to School Party, from Twinkle Twinkle Little Party.
6. This Back to School Printable Pack comes with everything from banners, to straw flag printables, round tags to giant math art! From Tatertots and Jello.
7. Back to School Party Printables, for FREE – from Amanda's Parties to Go.
8. Back to School Picnic, from Giggles Galore.
9. Rainbow + Chevron Back to School Get Together, from Kara's Party Ideas.
10. Back To School Vintage Schoolhouse Party, from Kara's Party Ideas.
11. Colorful and Bright Back to School Gathering, from Giggles Galore.
12. This fun and easy back to school gathering is the perfect way to get the kids excited about starting a new year of school, and to build friendships!
13. Invite your child's new classmates with school-themed invites! From Project Nursery.
14. Too Cool for School Ice Cream Party, from Lisa Storms.
15. DIY Apple Balloons, from Studio DIY.
Have you ever hosted a back to school party?
Leave us a comment with all of the exciting details!
What a great idea for a party. I'm always so concerned getting my kids ready for school, I obviously over-looked this as an occasion to celebrate. Loved how you used all those school supplies as terrific party decorations and accessories. I really loved the way you decorated the tabletop jar with colored markers and rulers. Great pics!
LOVE these ideas!!!! That cake is too cute!


text:
The Main Quad on the first day of summer. Blooming lantana in the foreground, palm trees and Memorial Church in the background.
Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service
The Taube Center for Jewish Studies offers an interdisciplinary program for the study and understanding of Jewish cultures, literatures, languages, religion, politics, and history.
The Taube center's mission includes three goals:
To promote research and the production of outstanding scholarship
Our academic activities include supporting the research of our affiliated faculty; hosting visiting scholars; collaborations with Jewish Studies programs in Israel, Europe and elsewhere in the United States; helping to develop a world-class Judaica library collection; and sponsoring the journal Jewish Social Studies and other publications.
To offer Stanford students the opportunity to study Jewish history, Hebrew, Yiddish and other Jewish languages and literatures, Talmudic Studies, and Sephardic Studies
Educational activities include a rich menu of courses, an undergraduate major and minor, an ongoing colloquium on Jews, Judaism and Jewish culture geared toward graduate students, and graduate fellowship and other kinds of support to help develop the next generation of Jewish Studies scholars.
The center is also a proud partner for the new Jim Joseph Program in Jewish Studies and Education operating through the Stanford Graduate School of Education
To serve as an intellectual resource for the broader community
Our outreach efforts include lectures and cultural events open to the general community; partnering with foundations and various organizations to offer educational programs beyond campus; and seeding internship opportunities within the larger community, locally, nationally and internationally.
The center depends for all these activities on a world-class, interdisciplinary faculty that includes scholars of ancient Jewish texts, modern Jewish History, Sephardi Studies, Yiddish and European Jewish Literature, Hebrew and Israeli culture, American studies; Education and Sociology, Music, even Genetics.
Graduate students in Jewish Studies have gone on to become leading scholars in their fields. Undergraduate students have found success in many fields, and we are looking to do even more to make Jewish Studies a fulfilling part of their education. For interested students, the center offers opportunities within and beyond the classroom, including study abroad, service learning, creative writing opportunities, and support for research and language study.
With generous philanthropic support, the center aims to bridge between academia and the larger world, seeking to make the insights of scholarship accessible and relevant to a broader community that includes Jews and non-Jews, specialists and the general public. Almost all of our programs are free and open to the public and include lectures by leading scholars, artists and cultural leaders as well as artistic and cultural programs. The center hopes to reach those interested in Israeli culture but also to illumine Jewish culture in all its range and diversity, include Jewish life in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. The center also aims to be highly collaborative, including among its partners community centers, museums, film festivals, consulates, and other Jewish Studies centers around the world.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An infectiously happy wedding day with a phenomenal dress designed by the bride.
Adorable bride Roxanne first laid eyes on the handsome PJ at a house party where PJ was playing in a band. PJ finished his set and Roxanne shamelessly asked for an autograph. The years went by and five years later they met again. Roxanne remembers..."We couldn't stop talking to one another…. And he only realised I was the same girl who asked for his autograph all those years ago, when he dug up the old photograph he had saved from that same night!"
This time they were inseparable and while on a holiday in Amsterdam PJ made a spontaneous proposal. Roxanne tells the tale..."We went to Amsterdam on holiday and PJ decided that it was time to ask the big question (he hadn't really planned it so he had to phone our parents from Amsterdam and get their blessing over the phone.) While we were cycling on a little bridge over one of the many beautiful canals, he called me to stop and at that moment he also managed to almost fall off his bike! In the ensuing chaos, and trying to get him up off the road (also unplanned), he asked me if I'd marry him. It was a wonderful and spontaneous moment in a beautiful city that we'll never forget."
Like their proposal, PJ and Roxanne wanted to keep their wedding carefree and fun - with an outdoor ceremony, informal catering (including mouth watering Mexican tapas and gourmet burgers) and lots of help from family and friends.
Roxanne recalls..."We were just overwhelmed by the generosity from our families and friends – everyone was willing to help out! We are also super lucky to be surrounded by so many talented people who all played a part in making our wedding day so memorable and personal. Almost everyone involved were our friends, and if they weren't before the wedding, they definitely became ones thereafter!"
A testament to their laid back outlook PJ and Roxanne had a near disaster just weeks before the wedding, but rallied around and in the end made the wedding even more amazing. Roxanne explains..."Well, our venue that we thought was 'the one' actually didn't end up being the one! We had to cancel 3 weeks before the wedding, (due to some logistical/administrative issues) and had to find another venue at the last-minute!!! Luckily, the school where PJ lectures allowed us to have the event there. Thanks to all the hard work by our family and friends, (who made magic happen), the venue ended up working out brilliantly, and quite possibly even better than our original venue."
All of the amazing flowers and wreaths were done by PJ and Roxanne's moms, aunts and family friends. Roxanne fondly remembers..."It was unbelievable how everyone arranged, picked, tied, raided their own (and even neighbours' gardens) for everything from greenery and garlands, to a few special buds for my bouquet from my mom's garden. How the flowers and foliage turned out completely surpassed our expectations, and is something I will always remember."
Roxanne also designed her own unique embellished wedding dress which was then made by Valerie Britz using dainty ballet slipper pink Italian duchess satin fabric. The dress was then paired with a romantic handmade rose gold crown and gold stacked heels from Madewell. So beautiful!
After their meal and lime creamcheese frosting and peanut brittle crumb cake, Pj and Roxanne danced the night away to a playlist put together by PJ.
Huge congratulations to you both, and thanks so much for sharing your gorgeous wedding day with us all!


The Super Deluxe Mansion is the ultimate in accommodation for your bunnies.
It features ample room for comfort and has a wire floor and is completely screened to protect your rabbits from mosquito's.
Premium large Rabbit Hutch, it Fox Proof and provides complete protection from foxes, pests, mosquitos and vermin!
The Super Deluxe Mansion Large Rabbit hutch is easy to clean with it's complete front opening door and galvanised metal pull-out-tray.
It's design also provides easy access to your bunnies and their resting box, as well as allowing you to open and close their sleeping area from outside the Cage.
Rabbits are safe from foxes and rats digging in and fly and mosquito trouble. This is everything our customers have been asking for!
Rabbits are safe from foxes, rats, fly and mosquitos.
Please note: This product comes with 2 wooden perches. You're rabbit home doesn't need these installed, however they make a great chew toy for your bunnies!


Examinations must be taken at the time scheduled. If there is a conflict, it is the student's responsibility to arrange examinations with instructors concerned.
The final examination week for each session is listed below.
M W at 11 a.m. 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
M W at 2 p.m. 1 p.m. - 3 p.m.
M W late afternoon 4 p.m. - 6 p.m.
T R at 11 a.m. 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
T R at 2 p.m. 1 p.m. - 3 p.m.
T R late afternoon 4 p.m. - 6 p.m.
M W at 12:30 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
M W at 3 p.m. 1 p.m. - 3 p.m.
T R at 12:30 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
T R at 3 p.m. 1 p.m. - 3 p.m.
Final examinations for the summer term will be held at the last regular meeting time of the class and in the usual classroom unless otherwise directed by the instructor. The final examination week for each session is listed below.


A Private Shoot is about feeling glamorous, in a way you want to be seen like you want to be seen, in the studio, a location or with a combination of elements of your choice. It can be totally private but always with a stylist and make-up artist. The rest all depends on what you like ? A Private Artwork is something, which will last a lifetime.
It all starts with a call or Email. Then we make an appointment to meet each other and discuss the style of the shoot. During the shoot you'll be directed all the time to get the best results out of you. After a week you'll get a selection of the best images from wich you can make your selection. You'll receive 5 digitally retouched hires images and the 1 you like most can be printed and fiinished with liquid-gloss.
Want some information about having a private artwork ?


text:
Q: Blazor Client problem with mscorlib.dll / mono-runtime I have project created with an blazorhosted template.
Yesterday for some reason Client side had problem with compiling due to like 500 characters error message
I clicked on it twice, and it opened iirc something like mono runtime config file in C:\ProgramFiles\dotnet\...\0.7 folder with weird lines like {blazor smth} and I removed something and unfortunely saved that and went sleep...
I also remember that that 500 characters long error mentioned Linker
Now after starting my app it just shows "Loading..." page and error on web browser console

WASM: The assembly mscorlib.dll was not found or could not be loaded.
  blazor.webassembly.js:1:32055 WASM: It should have been installed in
  the
  `/mnt/jenkins/workspace/test-mono-mainline-wasm/label/ubuntu-1804-amd64/sdks/out/wasm-runtime-release/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll'
  directory. blazor.webassembly.js:1:32055 Error: Failed to start
  platform. Reason: [object XMLHttpRequest]

I totally understand that it may be hard to debug it, but maybe somebody has an idea? or how can I reinstall or repair Blazor / Mono?
I just downloaded and installed .NET Core 3.0 (previously had 2.x)
But still the above mentioned error occurs.

A: If you want use Blazor with .NET Core 3.0 (at least Preview 2) then you essentially use Razor Components + Blazor. It require for you use version of Blazor only from dev feed and not from official Nuget which will work just on .NET Core 2.1 (not on 2.2).
In order to use Blazor with .NET Core 3.0 you should add following changes to your project

*

*Add RestoreAdditionalProjectSources property

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <LangVersion>7.3</LangVersion>
    <RestoreAdditionalProjectSources>
      https://dotnet.myget.org/F/dotnet-core/api/v3/index.json;
      https://dotnet.myget.org/f/blazor-dev/api/v3/index.json;
    </RestoreAdditionalProjectSources>
  </PropertyGroup>

*Change Blazor references to

<ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Blazor" Version="0.8.0-preview-19075-0444" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Browser" Version="3.0.0-preview-19075-0444" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Build" Version="3.0.0-preview-19075-0444" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Blazor.Build" Version="0.8.0-preview-19075-0444" PrivateAssets="all" />
  </ItemGroup>

A: For me that happened when i edited index.html with some changes (page title and footer) it started with this strange error. Not sure maybe had an error in html... Well, reverted index.html back to when it was working, the error was gone.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Wave Nouveau coiffure Shape Lock is a conditioning formula that is used to lock waves into the desired pattern, while providing sheen and moisturization to permanent wave styles.
1. Place cotton strip around client's entire hairline and use a neutralizing bib. Be sure to change cotton strip whenever it becomes damp to thoroughly protect nape area.
2. Apply Wave Nouveau coiffure Shape Lock generously to each rod, top and bottom, to assure complete and thorough saturation.
3. Allow Shape Lock to process for 10 minutes ONLY. DO NOT USE A HAIR DRYER.
4. Do not remove rods. Thoroughly rinse rods with tepid water and towel blot.
5. Remove rods gently, rinse hair with tepid water and low water pressure for 1-2 minutes, or until all residue is removed.
6. Towel blot and moisturize with desired WAVE NOUVEAU maintenance, following directions carefully and advise client of proper daily maintenance to prevent hair breakage.
Caution: Avoid contact with eyes. Rinse immediately. If product comes in contact with them. wear suitable gloves. contain hydrogen peroxide.
Click the button below to add the Wave Nouveau-Phase 3 SHape Lock Conditioning Neutralizer to your wish list.


text:
orange is the new black season 5 spoilers
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Spoilers: Shots Fired, Sub-Plots Confirmed
"Orange Is The New Black" just released an extended version of its season 5. Right now, there are various speculations on what the gunshot was all about.
'Orange Is The New Black' Update: Author Piper Kerman Sheds Some Light About The Series, Samira Wiley Enjoys The Party
"Orange Is The New Black" ended in a cliffhanger and its new season will surely be a thriller. With that said, fans are ready for the number one streaming series in the country today.
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5: Laverne Cox Hints Plot Details
"Orange is the New Black" cast Laverne Cox teases "juicy" season 5. The fifth season will premiere in Netflix on June 9.
Orange Is The New Black Season 5 Spoiler: The Past, The Present, The Future, The End
Orange Is The New Black Season 5 Update: The End Is Near
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Spoilers: Officer Humphrey Dies In Episode 1? Miss Claudette Returns?
Will Officer Humphrey die in the premiere episode of 'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5? And will the inmates finally have Miss Claudette back and inspire them to be good and better persons again?
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Spoilers, News And Updates: Will Taryn Manning Leave The Show?
"Orange Is The New Black" Season 5 is one of the most viewed drama series on TV. The cast and crew are busy producing every episode. However, Taryn Manning is nowhere to be seen anymore.
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Spoilers And News Update: Did Alex Kill Piper?
Fans of ''Orange Is The New Black' is speculating what could happen in Season 5, but which of these are true?
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Spoilers: Officer Bennett To Come Back For Daya
"Orange is the New Black" fans are speculating that Officer Bennet whom Daya had a relationship with in the past seasons, will return to the show. Will they possibly rekindle their broken relationship?


High density of construction, lack of natural light, stuffy space, and lack of connection are typical features of housing construction in Danang, Vietnam.
These features are the old forms of the house that its owners used to live in. Something needs to be changed. The owners are the married couple reaching retirement age, they love the quietness and closeness to nature.
The solution proposed by Hinzstudio proposes to bring the home's public spaces to the front to increase the connection between family members and to let the natural light into every corner of functional areas.
The skylights will be organized at the front, back and center of the house in order to make the house full of light and still create the depth for the house.
From all of the places in the house, even from the bedroom, we can feel changes of the light, the air, and the wind. The main materials are bare bricks and natural wood. The shape of the roof and materials suggest an image of houses in Vietnam's countryside. This is the main inspiration of the concept. At night our main goal is using lights with moderate power and suitable color temperature to make the space cozier, warmer, and more peaceful.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment_home_top_layout"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:padding="10dp"
        >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/home_top_location"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="我在青岛"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:textColor="#fff"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
            android:drawableRight="@mipmap/destination_city_down_icon"
            />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/home_top_find"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/home_top_location"
            android:background="@drawable/home_textview"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_alignParentTop="true" />
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="周末去哪玩?"
            android:layout_alignLeft="@id/home_top_find"
            android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
            android:textColor="#C4BCB3"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:textSize="13sp"/>
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/discover_erweima"
            android:layout_width="20dp"
            android:layout_height="20dp"
            android:src="@mipmap/find_erweima"
            android:layout_alignRight="@+id/home_top_find"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_marginRight="20dp"/>

    </RelativeLayout>
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/discover_lv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Finally, the paper I wrote in my first semester and in the middle of trully hectic wedding preparation is accepted in Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics 2011 Vancouver Canada by Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of British Columbia. Here the presentation schedule. My team leader will present that. Jia you! Actually, first it is submitted in ICRA and got a valuable evaluation.
I always remember what we've been through along the homework, experiments, and final project which bring us into the winner of robot competition in Intelligent Control Systems Class. All my teammates are genius and it also a birthday boy which bring luck ^^. The competition is tense with some seniors as the judges. We also use a real maze. Just smile when I realized that I fall asleep in the library after awake all days and nights because so nervous facing this competition.
The most important is I learnt about Fuzzy and Neural Network which I use as my thesis methodology.
ps : I think I have the videos of our experiments and final competition, I'll upload next.
In celebrating Telkomsel 16th years birthday, there was 2 programs in collaboration with Kompasiana about blogging to get the first prize, Iphone and Ipad. Well, this two gadgets are important for writers nowadays 🙂 I want that badly too. Haha kiddin'. I just think that I will be regret if I don't participate, this competition perhaps will develop my writing skill.
Proudly to introduce my friend, Citraningrum, as the 2nd winner of this competition. Her article is here.
The Council for Hakka Affairs celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Republic of China by holding the "2011 Taiwan Hakka Festival—Hakka DNA +e," exhibiting typical Hakka delicacies and cultural traditions at the Taipei World Trade Center Nangang Exhibition Hall, Taipei, May 15 through 22.
That was the opening of news in Chinapost which attract me to visit this event. Besides, I also so curious after saw a big advertisement when I watch Marron 5 in the same place. Then I check the website . Wowww..even wondering, can not miss this.
What is Hakka? It is a unique ethnic group of Chinese people.
Hakka people are noted for their preservation of certain cultural characteristics. Among all the Chinese people, Hakkas are among the most conservative in keeping the traditions.
"Hakka DNA" in the title indicates the traditional Hakka values, while the "+e" indicates the enlargement of modern creative elements like electronics, education, environment, ecology and entertainment concepts which build on top of the traditional values. Also, because "e" sounds like the number "one" in Chinese, it indicates that everyone's participation will unite the Hakka cultures with the people of Taiwan.
It has a barcode that you can scan it in a blue-pink machine spread in the expo (total : 7), but you just need 5 to get a free picture with Hakka background.
It will give you a view of flower garden and waterfall, so pretty. it is in the form of integrated effects from moving projector, lighting, and cold smoke.
There is a long painting told a story about Hakka. We can not touch the painting because it is in the opposite part of the bridge which separate by a human made river. However, there are 3 binoculars in the bridge. This special telescope applied with a 360 degrees of moving and a touch screen information. So, the screen will show you some parts with 'i' symbol which has a detail description of the picture, just touch the 'i' and you will get information you need. I think this is convenient for museum facility.
We can try a lot of snacks, cookies, candies, ice cream, chocolate, coffee, cake, etc for free 🙂 nice. I love the green tea cake.
Some traditional house, umbrella and arts become a good place to take pictures. In Taipei, lot of place become a perfect moment put into lense.
This movie will be released in June 2011. The stand promo is quite attractive with a real 'tree of dreams'.
inspired to write article about Geert Hofstede (culture dimension) after finishing 2 final project reports for this class.
I write it in my 1 month winter vacation in Surabaya, Indonesia. I found that Jawa Pos (JP) has an amazing program called 'For Her'. As I know, this program has started since Mothers Day in Indonesia. With pink color theme, JP make some tribute columns to Indonesia's women such as a biography of success women, shopping voucher by ballots drawing and report the winner catchy moment who shop in a limited time, travelling story from women, and which I participate is a column named '500 words to America' with theme : 'Women in social, culture or political issues'. I directly looked for the old newspapers from the beginning of the program to know what topic that never been published. Then I decided to write about women in story telling culture (the detailed writing just can be found on JP).
When I was a child, my mom often told me a story before I slept. The most I remember is a story about 'Krama and Ngoko'. The story was created by my mom and the two main figures is inspired by 2 kinds of language in Javanese. Krama is the 'polite' one, we use it to speak to the elder or person we are respect. In the contrary, Ngoko is used to speak informally, usually for friend or the younger one. One of activities to fill my leisure time in Taipei is going to National Taiwan University library 2nd floor and reading folktale book from all over the world. Honestly, what Iam thinking when I reading these books is one day I will tell it to my children. Like a song lyric for 'Rainbow Troops' movie which say that 'imagination is a key for us to grip the world'.
All the writing published in this program will get a merchandise (I still don't know yet what it's exactly ^^) and will be chosen (at April 2011) for the best five to get the prize : tour to USA.
Life is a never ending adventures. I always curious to see a new kind of everything. It make me get refresh everytime I did a trip. I can be thanksfull more for what I have and be a better person. A humanity feeling that I need the most. Iam excited when I recognized that many amazing places I have not seen yet in this world. Yes, just a world is already so big, I still don't have a brave to imagine the universe, but Iam brave enough to tell my dream of lifetime adventures. First, I will go to Kashmir-India to see a beautiful scenery from 'a place above the cloud'. India is the best spot to get spiritual journey. Next will be Palermo-Italy. Iam pasta lovers and Italian food accompanied by gelato and dolce are tempting. After Iam full in body and mind, then I will find my soul in South Korea. Go to Boryeong Mud Festival in summer is a great way to feel the Mud Experience. Actually, Korean cosmetics will be the first in my shopping list. Finally, Iam gonna chasing my love in Winchester-UK, the home of Jane Austen, my favourite writer.
3. My name is called, I go to the treatment room.
Actually it is not a room, because everyone can see me. It doesn't have a door or window. It behind the resepsionist and beside the stairs.
4. I see my teeth xray photo in a flat television.
5. I do a mouthwash with blue liquid.
There are some holes, a small one. The assistant give me a little mirror then the doctor show me the place which need next treatment and I can see it by myself. I think this way is good, which I never find it in my country before. So I can make sure whether I already feel uncomfortable about the certain tooth or not.
In Indonesian, it is called 'bersih karang', free translation in english is 'coral cleaning'. Usually, in my hometown, it will be a kind of special treatment and need a high fee. I have tried some different places for doing this, from university clinic (the cheapest Rp 20rb), dentist, and special dentist (the most expensive Rp 300rb). I called it 'special' because i can watch Cartoon Network when they do the treatment. So they successfully distract my attention ^^ Besides, they have assistant, no need to do mouthwash every minute (because they use waterpipe suction), very fast process, the most important : pain no more ( the doctor is very precise). FYI, some place do the 'to be continued' treatment, for example, this day just for your below teeth, next time for the above teeth. Well I dont fell convenient with that.
So.. how about this one? Well with my national health insurance card, with 150 NTD= Rp 45rb, I get the 'special' dentist treatment ^O^, but not for the Cartoon Network 😦 . They put a clothe in my face with one hole in my mouth. It is to prevent the water make me get wet. As you know, the dentist use tool like a drill to clean the coral, but it also spray cold water to minimize the pain.
Before Iam leaving, The assistant show me how to brush my teeth in a right way.


Discussion in 'iOS Programming' started by samuelbird, Apr 21, 2014.
//  Created by Samuel Bird on 19/04/2014.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Samuel Bird. All rights reserved.
, there is the error "No visible @interface for 'UIView' declares the selector 'addSubView'" which I have read about and is quite common. However, I am not sure how to fix it. I would appreciate some advice.
edit: xcode should autocomplete this as you type "[self.view addSu..."
Thanks, you are right. That was very silly.
Not silly. You learned. Mission accomplished!
also get use to it, you'll make 1000's of silly mistakes while learning.
Probably just as many once you've learnt.
May I ask why you are creating the UILabel by code instead of using interface builder?
It was just me getting to grips. I wanted to learn about the different UI elements. I have been using interface builder since.


Make some new traditions with your kids this Christmas season and download this fun Printable Christmas Bingo Game – in English or Spanish!
I have so many fun memories of Christmastime from when I was a child. It was my favorite time of year. It still is. We had lots of traditions and I want to make sure my kids have some traditions of their own. We already have a few but I am always looking to add more.
My kids range from ages 4-11 so it was important for me to come up with something they would all enjoy. Thankfully bingo is a timeless game that never gets old. Throw in the fact that I'm using Hershey's Kisses chocolates for the game pieces and I doubt I'll be hearing any complaints from anyone! These class candies are the perfect ingredient to spread holiday cheer and build new memories with your families this holiday season.
We are HUGE chocolate fans in our family. I had to fight my kids off the bags of delicious Hershey's Kisses chocolates. I had stashed in my kitchen for this project. I did a good job of hiding them but soon my gig was up and they were dying to get their hands on them. Of course I let them have a few and of course I caught them each sneaking a few too. I guess I can overlook that, in the name of Christmas traditions, right?
I created this printable Christmas Bingo game so that you too can add this fun activity to your Christmas traditions. All you need is some paper, a printer and some Hershey's Kisses chocolates, of course, and you are on your way to making new memories. It seems like time goes by so fast these days, doesn't it? It's important to stop and take it all in and playing Christmas Bingo is the perfect opportunity to bring your family together. You can laugh, have fun and eat your Hershey's Kisses chocolates when the game is over.
Since the Christmas season is all about giving, this would make a great family gift to give some friends. You can take this one step further by laminating the boards and calling cards. Add some delicious peanut butter blossom cookies and you have a thoughtful handmade gift to give.
Here's a closeup of the Christmas Bingo game cards.
The entire printable Christmas Bingo game includes 4 English game boards, 4 Spanish game boards and 1 sheet of calling cards.
I encourage you to start some new Christmas traditions of your own. For you it might look like baking an assortment of Christmas cookies to gift to your friends and family. Hershey has so many candy choices that incorporating any of their treats into your recipes would be so simple (and oh so delicious) to do. Let Hershey's Kisses chocolates be your other little holiday helper this season by inspiring you and your family to create magical crafts, décor and gifts for everyone on your list. Whatever you choose to do, you can't lose by spending the most magical time of year doing something with those you love.
UPDATE: Bingo cards have been updated after a few concerns that each board wasn't different enough from the others. Hope you enjoy!
These are so fun! My kids love playing bingo and yes, candy does make it more fun!
What a fun, cool idea. Thanks for sharing.
I love this idea, but where is the calling card? I only see the game cards.
Hey Diana - this is a really cute set but I've just printed it off and noticed that on each sheet, the horizontal and vertical rows all have the same pictures, even if they are in a different order. Doesn't this mean that if the matches are made across or down, everyone would win? It's only diagonally that the arrangement of pictures would differ. Please tell me if I have the rules wrong but they way we play, the outcome would be that everyone would win!
Great idea. Are all the game cards the same?
On the calling cards, do you describe the picture or are they named something different in your instructions? There are 2 trees, 3 reindeer, etc. The second picture...I'm not sure what it is. Can you help me out? I love the game and want to use it, but I want to know how/what to call out. Thank you!!!!
Hello...is this a 4 person game??? I would love to play this game for a group of 30-40 kids!!!
Can't wait to use this in my daughters class party. Dumb question: Do you play the typical way by calling by the letters that make up Bingo? Or do you just call the picture & if it's anywhere on the card, they can mark it off? I hope this makes sense?
Yes, just call out the picture cards. :) Enjoy!
HI! Does any of you have any suggestion about how can I play this game with more people? cause there are only four cards. I am planning to play tkhis game in chritmas. But we are like 20 persons. THANK YOU!!
My suggestion would be to take one of the print outs, cut it up and arrange in different orders and then copy and repeat however many times you need to for the amount of cards you need..
Hi! Love your Bingo game and will definitely download it to play with my family this year. :) Just wanted to let you know "Navidad del Bingo" translates to "Bingo's Christmas" . What you should've used is either Bingo Navideño or Bingo de Navidad. Happy Holidays!
how do I actually get the printable to print? I added to cart... but I am confused about entering al of my payment info for a free printable. Please help ASAP! Thanks!!
You do not have to add any payment information as all of the printables are free. You just need to go through the checkout process and your links will be available after that.


text:
A Hodgkin-kór vagy Hodgkin-limfóma egy főleg a nyirokcsomókat érintő limfocita eredetű daganatos betegség (ún. limfóma), amely Thomas Hodgkin brit patológusról lett elnevezve, aki először írta le a betegség jellemzőit 1832-ben. A Hodgkin-kór sajátos, kiszámítható terjedési mintázattal rendelkezik, nyirokcsomóról a szomszédos nyirokcsomókra terjed a szervezetben, anélkül, hogy közbeeső nyirokcsomót átugrana. Nyirokcsomón kívüli (extranodális) érintettség csak a betegség előrehaladott stádiumában jelentkezik. Szövettanilag jellegzetesek a betegségre a tumort képező nagy, többmagvú óriássejtek. Kezelésében kemoterápia, sugárkezelés (Polivy elnevezésű gyógyszer is alkalmazható, ám ennek a költség vonzata 90 ezer amerikai dollár) És csontvelő átültetés alkalmazható, figyelembe véve a beteg korát, kísérőbetegségeit és a betegség szövettani altípusát. A modern kezelésekkel a fejlett ipari országokban a betegek több mint 80%-a meggyógyítható, egy az USA-ban 2003 és 2009 között készült statisztikában az összesített 5 éves túlélést 85,1 százaléknak találták, egy 2007-es publikációban pedig a kis kockázatú, korai stádiumú betegség 5 éves túlélése 98% volt.

Epidemiológia

A Hodgkin-kór incidenciája két korcsoportban mutat emelkedést. Az egyik csúcs fiatal felnőttkorra esik, ezután az előfordulása csökken, majd az életkor előrehaladtával fokozatosan emelkedik. Az éves incidenciáját az Egyesült Államokban 2,7/100.000 főnek találták. Nemek szerinti eloszlását tekintve férfiakban gyakoribb.
Ismert, hogy a Hodgkin-kóros esetek közel fele (kb. 30-50%-a) Epstein–Barr-vírus (EBV) fertőzéssel asszociált, és azt is leírták, hogy a HIV fertőzöttekben gyakrabban alakul ki a betegség.

Csoportosítása

A Hodgkin-kór valójában B-sejt eredetű daganat, azonban a tumorsejtek sem morfológiailag, sem immunfenotípusukat tekintve nem sok hasonlóságot mutatnak a normális B-sejtekkel. Ebből, valamint sajátos klinikai viselkedéséből kifolyólag nem a B-sejtes hematológiai tumorokhoz sorolják, hanem a WHO beosztásában a Hodgkin-kór a limfoid neopláziákon belül önálló csoportot képez. A Hodgkin-kóron belül két altípust különböztetnek meg, az egyik a noduláris limfocita predomináns Hodgkin-limfóma (NLPHL), a másik a klasszikus Hodgkin-limfóma (CHL).

Noduláris limfocita predomináns Hodgkin-limfóma

Ebben a formában a tumoros sejtek sokkal inkább megőrzik a B-sejtekre jellemző sajátságaikat, mint a klasszikus Hodgkin-kórban, például a felszínükön továbbra is megtalálható a CD20 molekula, mely egy általános B-sejt marker, ugyanakkor negatívak az olyan molekulákra nézve, amik a klasszikus Hodgkin-kórban látható Reed-Sternberg-sejtekben kifejeződnek (pl. CD15, CD30). Fénymikroszkóppal kis felbontással vizsgálva jellemző rá, hogy a tumor csomókat (nodus) képez. Ezek elszórtan elhelyezkedő tumorsejtekből, és az őket nagy számban körülvevő reaktív limfocitákból állnak. A daganatsejtek ezeknél nagyobbak, magjuk megjelenése a szövettanászokat pattogatott kukoricára emlékeztette, ezért széleskörűen csak popcorn sejteknek nevezik őket. A tumorsejtekben gyakoriak a BCL-6 gént érintő genetikai abnormalitások, ugyanakkor nem mutatható ki a betegség Epstein-Barr vírussal (EBV) való asszociációja.
A noduláris limfocita predomináns forma a Hodgkin-kór egy ritka altípusa, az összes Hodgkin-kóros eset mintegy 3-8%-át teszi ki. A klasszikus Hodgkin-kórhoz képest ez a forma egy kicsit idősebb (30-40 éves) betegekre, és inkább férfiakra (férfi:nő arány 3:1) jellemző. További különbség, hogy a klasszikussal ellentétben ez az altípus nem annyira a centrális nyirokcsomókat érinti (pl. gátorüreg), hanem sokkal inkább a periférián jelentkezik, pl. a nyaki, vagy hónalji nyirokcsomókban, és a terjedési mintázata sem felel meg a klasszikus Hodgkin-kórra jellemzővel, ebben a formában a betegség nem feltétlenül csak a szomszédos nyirokcsomók felé terjed, hanem átugorhat nyirokrégiókat.

Klasszikus Hodgkin-limfóma

A klasszikus Hodgkin-kórra a tumort képező óriássejtek, az ún. Reed–Sternberg-sejtek jelenléte jellemző. Ezek altípusai, valamint az őket körülvevő sejtek összetétele alapján a klasszikus Hodgkin-limfómát további négy szövettani alcsoportra osztják.

Tünetek

A Hodgkin-kór legfőbb tünete a nyirokcsomók fájdalmatlan megnagyobbodása (limfadenomegália), mely leggyakrabban a nyakon, illetve válltájon alakul ki észrevehetően, valamint a mellüregi nyirokcsomókban, ami köhögést, nehézlégzést okozhat, és amit sokszor mellkasröntgen vizsgálat is ki tud mutatni. Gyakran a lép is megnagyobbodik (szplenomegália). Emellett a betegek kb. harmadában szisztémás, ún. B-tünetek (éjszakai izzadás, láz, bőrviszketés, testsúlycsökkenés, fáradtság) is jelentkezhetnek. Érdekes, de ritka tünete a Hodgkin-kórnak az alkoholfogyasztás után perceken belül jelentkező fájdalom, melyet Hodgkin-kórra jellegzetesnek tartanak.
Hodgkin-kórban megjelenhetnek ún. paraneopláziás szindrómák, melyek nem a daganat közvetlen, lokális kiterjedésével magyarázhatóak (szemben pl. az áttétek okozta tünetekkel). Ezek a szervezet bármely pontját érinthetik, ismertek pl. Hodgkin-kórral társuló bőrbetegségek (pl. szerzett iktiózis,) idegrendszeri betegségek (pl. szenzoros neuropátia, limbikus enkefalitisz), vagy szemészeti kórképek (pl. episzkleritisz). A Hodgkin-kórhoz társulva kialakulhat a betegben nefrózis szindróma is, melynek hátterében szövettanilag leggyakrabban minimális elváltozással járó nefropátia áll (angolul: Minimal change nephropathy).
Bár a Hodgkin-limfóma gyakran a mediasztinális nyirokcsomókban jelenik meg, csak ritkán okoz a felső üres visszér (vena cava superior) összenyomásával járó vena cava superior szindrómát.

Diagnosztika

A Hodgkin-kór rendszerint fájdalmatlan nyirokcsomó megnagyobbodásként (limfadenomegália) jelentkezik, amire vagy fizikális vizsgálattal (pl. nyaki, hónalji nyirokcsomók), vagy képalkotó vizsgálatokkal (pl. mediasztinális nyirokcsomók) derül fény. A diagnózis felállítása szempontjából alapvető, hogy a kórképet elkülönítsék az egyéb limfadenomegáliát okozó állapotoktól (pl. fertőzések, más daganatok). A végleges diagnózist valamelyik érintett nyirokcsomóból készült szövettani vizsgálat adja. A további képalkotó és laborvizsgálatok a betegség stádiumának meghatározást szolgálják, illetve azt igyekeznek felmérni, hogy a beteg mennyire lesz képes tolerálni a kemoterápiás kezeléseket. Előrehaladott, a csontvelőt is beszűrő Hodgkin-kórra jellegzetes laboreltérés a csökkent limfocita- és vérlemezkeszám, illetve a vér alacsony hemoglobin koncentrációja. A stádium besoroláshoz képalkotó vizsgálatként elsősorban CT-t, illetve PET-et alkalmaznak.

Stádiumbeosztás

A Hodgkin-kór esetében (és néhány non-Hodgkin-limfómánál is) az ún. Ann Arbor-i stádiumbeosztást használják, melyet először 1971-ben az amerikai Michigan állambeli Ann Arborban dolgoztak ki, és azóta többször módosítottak.

A fenti négy fő kategóriát betűkkel is kiegészítik, az alábbiak szerint:
 A: nincs szisztémás tünet
 B: szisztémás, ún. B-tünetek vannak (pl. fertőzéshez nem köthető láz, éjszakai izzadás, fogyás)
 X: 10 cm-t meghaladó egybefüggő tumor-konglomerátum (angolul: bulky disease)
 E: extralimfatikus érintettség közvetlen ráterjedéssel

Kezelés

A Hodgkin-kór kezelésében elsősorban kombinációs kemoterápiát alkalmaznak, melyet sugárkezeléssel egészíthetnek ki. A kezelés kiválasztásánál figyelembe veszik a beteg korát, általános állapotát, kísérőbetegségeit, a betegség szövettani altípusát és stádiumát. A kezelésre nem reagáló, vagy utána kiújuló Hodgkin-kór esetében csontvelő átültetést javasolnak.

Az első polikemoterápia, melyet a Hodgkin-kór kezelésében sikeresen alkalmazni kezdtek a MOPP volt, míg 1975-ben leírtak egy újabb, a MOPP-nál hatékonyabb és kevesebb mellékhatással bíró kombinációt, az ABVD-t, mely azóta a Hodgkin-kór elsővonalbeli kezelésévé vált. Előrehaladott (III.-IV. stádiumú), magas kockázatú betegség esetén a BEACOPP is alkalmazható, melynek azonban az ABVD-hez képest több mellékhatása van, beleértve a másodlagosan kialakuló daganatokat is. A BEACOPP és az ABVD protokollokat ezen betegcsoportban több publikációban is összehasonlították, ám arról megoszlanak a vélemények, hogy melyik számít hosszú távon is kedvezőbbnek. Egy 2011-es tanulmányban az előrehaladott stádiumú betegeknél a hosszú távú túlélést figyelembe véve nem találtak szignifikáns különbséget a két kezelési séma között (84% volt az ABVD, és 89% a BEACOPP esetében). Egy másik, 2012-es tanulmányban, melyben több mint 2000 előrehaladott Hodgkin-kóros beteget vontak be, a 6 ciklus BEACOPP kezelést találták a leghatékonyabbnak, melyet minden esetben PET vizsgálat, és annak pozitivitása esetén kiegészítő sugárkezelés követett.

Célzott molekuláris terápiák

A Hodgkin-limfóma kezelésében is megjelentek célzott biológiai terápiák, melyet a betegség patobiokémiájának korábbinál alaposabb feltérképezése tett lehetővé. A B-sejtes non-Hodgkin-limfómák kezelésében kiterjedten használt rituximab-ot nem alkalmazzák rutinszerűen Hodgkin-kórban. A rituximab egy CD20 elleni monoklonális antitest, azonban klasszikus Hodgkin-kórban a tumoros sejteken az esetek többségében nem található meg a CD20 molekula. Ellenben a noduláris limfocita predomináns Hodgkin-limfómában (NLPHL) a daganatos limfociták sejtfelszínén jelen van a CD20, és ezen altípus kezelésében hatékonynak találták.
Egy másik racionális gyógyszercélpont a CD30 molekula, mely a klasszikus Hodgkin-limfóma tumorsejtjein van jelen. CD30 elleni monoklonális antitestekkel és azokhoz kémiailag kapcsolt kemoterápiás szerekkel (pl. brentuximab vedotin) jelenleg is végeznek klinikai kutatásokat.

Késői mellékhatások

Mivel a Hodgkin-kór sok esetben fiatal felnőtteket érint, és a modern kezelésekkel nagyon jó a gyógyulási arány, megnőtt a terápiák késői mellékhatásinak jelentősége. Ezek közül a legsúlyosabb, életet veszélyeztető mellékhatások a másodlagosan megjelenő tumorok, illetve a kardiotoxikus kemoterápia (pl. doxorubicin) okozta szívkárosodás. Ezek mellett előfordulhatnak még endokrin rendellenességek, légzőszervi bántalmak, illetve meddőség, melyek jelentősen ronthatják a Hodgkin-limfómát túlélő beteg életminőségét. A kezelések racionalizálásával igyekeznek csökkenteni a késői mellékhatások gyakoriságát, azonban lehetséges előfordulásuk miatt a gyógyult betegeket is követni szokták.

Prognózis

A betegség 1832-es leírásától számított közel egy évszázadon keresztül a betegség gyakorlatilag gyógyíthatatlan volt. A 20. században a sugárkezelés és a kemoterápia megjelenésével, majd fejlődésével ez a helyzet drasztikusan megváltozott. Mára a Hodgkin-kór viszonylag jól kezelhető hematológiai daganatnak számít, a nem előrehaladott, jó prognózisú Hodgkin-limfómában szenvedő betegeknél az 5 éves várható túlélés 98 százalék, de még a kedvezőtlenebb kórlefolyású betegcsoportban is 85 százalék körüli.
Az előrehaladott Hodgkin-kóros betegek rizikó szerinti besorolására több pontrendszert is kidolgoztak, ezek közül az egyik legelterjedtebb egy 1998-ban nemzetközileg meghatározott osztályozás, mely hét kritériumot határoz meg, mindegyik külön-külön egy pontot ér. Az összesített pontok alapján megjósolható a beteg várható túlélése, minél több pontot ér el, annál kedvezőtlenebb kórlefolyás valószínűsíthető a beteg számára. A tanulmányban az alábbi prognosztikai faktorokat írták le:
 Életkor ≥ 45 év
 Férfi nem
 Ann Arbor szerinti IV. stádiumú betegség
 Vér hemoglobin koncentráció < 10,5 g/dl
 Vér albumin koncentráció < 4 g/dl
 Fehérvérsejtszám ≥ 15.000/µl
 Limfocitaszám < 600/µl, vagy kevesebb az összfehérvérsejtszám 8 százalékánál

Története

1832-ben a brit Thomas Hodgkin írta le a betegség makroszkopikus jellemzőit. Hodgkin összesen hét, fájdalmatlan nyirokcsomómegnagyobbodással jelentkező beteget vizsgált. Utólagos szövettani és immunológiai vizsgálatok alapján a hétből három a mai kritériumrendszer szerint is Hodgkin-kóros beteg volt, a többi esetben pedig non-Hodgkin limfóma, szifilisz, illetve gümőkór állt a tünetek hátterében.
1856-ban Samuel Wilkins újabb eseteket közölt, és először hivatkozott a betegségre Hodgkin-kórként. 1898-ban az osztrák Carl Sternberg, majd tőle függetlenül 1902-ben az akkor mindössze 28 éves amerikai Dorothy Reed írta le a betegségre jellemző óriássejteket. 1956-ban leírták a betegség egyik granulómatózus, kedvezőbb prognózisú szövettani variánsát, melyet később noduláris szklerózisnak neveztek el. Az 1994-es REAL (angolul:revised European–American lymphoma) konferencián a Hodgkin-kórt két fő altípusra osztották, így született meg a klasszikus (CHL) és a noduláris limfocita predomináns Hodgkin-kór (NLPHL) fogalma. 2008-ban, az Egészségügyi Világszervezet csoportosította a hematológiai neopláziákat, melyben a Hodgkin-kór a limfocita eredetű tumorokon belül önálló csoportként lett definiálva.
A Hodgkin-kór az orvostudomány sikertörténetei közé tartozik, a leírásakor halálos kimenetelű, gyógyíthatatlan betegség ma az egyik legjobban kezelhető hematológiai daganatnak számít.

Források

Daganatos betegségek
Hematológia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


have been told of a boat/vehicle that will take you around the town of dublin and then into the river.does anyone know of a contact n.o. so we can book?thanks.
The Viking Splash Tours are still going strong; tours start on Patrick Street (near St Patrick's Cathedral); and from St Stephen's Green North.
Phone number is +353 (0)1 707-6000.
Full details: Viking Splash Tours.


Child support is a crucial part of the decision-making process for many divorces. Figuring out how best to divide expenses, where to allot budgets, and all of the other costs related to raising a child can be a daunting task. Our family law attorneys have served families throughout Queens, helping them to make all of these complicated and somewhat difficult decisions.
The parent who ends up taking over physical custody of the children may also be expected to take on all of the financial responsibilities, as well. Unfortunately, one parent may not be able to fulfill all of the terms of the child support agreements, or he or she refused to follow through. At that point, you may need the courts to step in and order that parent to provide that support.
Call the Law Offices of Donald Mastrodomenico, P.C. for legal guidance today!
Refusal to pay may result in penalties.
The Child Support Enforcement Act of 1984 dictates that the attorneys for the state or district attorneys must aid parents who seek to enforce child support. The parent who violates their orders for child support, either by failing to pay or ignoring enforcement orders, could even face criminal charges. Furthermore, the more money is owed, the more penalties a parent could face.
Therefore, if you are the parent seeking enforcement, then you have the legal right to pursue this action. If you face barriers that make it difficult to move your case forward, let us help you take the right steps to overcome those.
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It is our mission to help you achieve your goals of receiving the child support you need. Contact our child support lawyers in Queens NY now!


text:
This Limited-Edition Elmer T. Lee Bourbon Is a Once-in-a-Lifetime Release
Courtesy Image
by G. Clay Whittaker
Bourbon fans have a new bottle to look out for this month: Buffalo Trace is releasing a commemorative 100-proof version of Elmer T. Lee Single Barrel Bourbon to celebrate what would have been the 100th birthday of the namesake, Elmer T. Lee.
Elmer T. Lee was an important trendsetter in the bourbon world during the last century. After serving in World War II, Lee worked at the George T. Stagg Distillery (now known as Buffalo Trace) from 1949 to 1985. His most well-known creation: Blanton's Bourbon, which was the first official single barrel bourbon ever created. He retired as Master Distiller, but Lee continued afterwards as an ambassador for the brand, until his death in 2013 at age 93.
This Rare 67-Year-Old Macallan Single Cask Whisky Will Cost You $58,000
Blanton's was released at a near–all time low for the bourbon market. "Elmer took a big risk creating a single barrel bourbon," Buffalo Trace's current master distiller Harlen Wheatley said in a release today, "but he hoped it would generate new interest in bourbon and revive the industry. At first Blanton's wasn't popular, and Elmer feared it may not take off. But today, I think it's safe to say Elmer made a wise move."
Oh, to be able to go back in time and stock up when people didn't know what they were missing out on… but back to the bottle at hand. Lee's namesake bourbon is an equally coveted, if lesser-known sibling to Blanton's, with a slightly more oak-forward profile. It was released after his retirement, and until his death he was largely in charge of selecting the barrels that would be used.
21 Amazing Whiskey Gifts
The Elmer T. Lee 100th bottle is the same whiskey, simply bottled at a higher proof. Buffalo Trace wouldn't release information on the total number of bottles created, but it's likely to be fairly small. The normal Elmer T. Lee namesake bourbon, which is already hard to find, is bottled at 90-proof, and Buffalo Trace says the new release will share the same profile: creamy on the front end, bold and wood-forward on the finish.
For $100, it's an obvious buy for collectors and drinkers alike, if you can track one down. We haven't tasted it yet, but releases like this tend to become coveted in the secondary markets quickly.
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Topics: bourbon spirits Whiskey


text:
Syrian National Coalition Of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces
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Syrian Coalition Raises Issue of Assad Regime's War Crime as it Receives Canadian Deputy Foreign Minister
31 January 2019	In Coalition News
President of the Syrian Coalition Abdurrahman Mustafa, received the Canadian Deputy Foreign Minister, Ian Shugart, and an accompanying delegation on Wednesday and discussed with them the latest political developments and the situation on the ground in Syria.
President Mustafa thanked Canada for the support it provides to projects aimed at easing the suffering of the displaced people and refugees. He stressed that ending this suffering requires a genuine political transition in accordance with the UN resolutions, most notably UN Security Council resolution 2254.
President Mustafa described the remarks recently made by the new UN envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen, who stressed the need for an inclusive political process as encouraging. Much work has been already done to activate the work of the Constitutional Committee, President Mustafa said, pointing to the need to carry on with this track as a gateway to a real political process and the creation of a safe, neutral environment.
"The Assad regime will avidly seek to impede the political process and procrastinate once again as it is fully aware that this process means its demise," President Mustafa said. "We in the Syrian Coalition insist that the only option should be to implement UN resolutions through an inclusive political process meeting the aspirations and respect the sacrifices of the Syrian people."
President Mustafa called for raising the issue of the war crimes the Assad regime is committing against civilians in Syria; the restructuring of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria; and the activation of the work of the International Impartial and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to hold accountable the perpetrators of war crimes in Syria.
"The trove of photos of tens of thousands of victims of torture leaked by defecting military photographer codenamed Caesar, the use of chemical weapons against civilians, and the hundreds of the most horrible massacres will go down in history as ones of the most heinous crimes committed by the regime."
With regards to the buffer zone area to be established in northeastern Syria, President Mustafa noted that this move would allow the return of hundreds of thousands of people who had been displaced by the PYD militia to their homes and their areas of origin.
"The establishment of the buffer zone will allow the return of internally displaced persons and refugees who should be allowed to return to their homes."
The meeting, which was held at the headquarters of the Syrian Coalition in Istanbul, was attended by Coalition members and members of the political committee. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
Jamous: Assad Regime is an Extension of Iran; Confronting its Project is Linked to Establishment of New Political System in Syria
Vice-President of the Syrian Coalition, Badr Jamous, described the relationship between the Assad regime and Iran as "generic," pointing out that the contracts recently signed between the two parties are aimed at consolidating the Iranian presence in Syria and imposing it as a fait accompli.
Jamous said that there is a strong relationship between the Assad regime and Iran as he stressed that the Assad regime is "an extension of the Iranian project in the region." He pointed out that ending the Iranian presence in Syria is linked to toppling the Assad regime.
The Assad regime is working to write off Syria to Iran through the signing of long-term trade and investment agreements, Jamous said, stressing that "we do not accept these agreements as they constitute a new obstacle to the political process."
The Iranian encroachment on Syria is an obstacle to any progress in the political process and to improving the humanitarian situation, Jamous added. "More war crimes are taking place due to Iran's growing influence which negatively affects the stability and security of the region."
Jamous called on the Arab states, which have committed a serious mistake by restoring ties with the regime, to reconsider their positions. He stressed that taking serious, firm stance towards Iran and the Assad regime would change the situation and put more economic and political pressure on them.
"All these agreements and contracts are null and void," Jamous said, noting that any investments in Syria have to be approved by the Transitional Governing Body to be formed as part of the UN-led political process in accordance with the Geneva Communique of 2012 and UN Security Council resolution 2254. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
Syrian Coalition Demands Accountability as it Marks 6th Anniversary of Queiq River Massacre
The Syrian Coalition renewed its calls for referring war crimes and crimes against humanity being committed by the Assad regime and its backers to the International Criminal Court as one of the responsibilities of the international body and the rest of the international community.
The remarks were made in a press release that the Syrian Coalition on Tuesday issued to mark sixth anniversary of the massacre of the River Queiq in Aleppo which claimed the lives of more than 220 people, including women and children.
"The Queiq River massacre in Aleppo is one of the most horrible massacres that have been targeting the Syrian people's revolution since 2011. As a stark example of the Assad regime's brutality, the massacre gave a glimpse of the atrocities being committed against civilians and detainees in the custody of the Assad regime," the Coalition said.
On this day, January 29, 2013, the people of Aleppo found out the details of the Queiq River massacre which was perpetrated by the Assad regime forces against civilians and detainees. The victims were shot and dumped in the river Queiq which carried them to the liberated parts of the city.
Forensic reports indicated that all the victims were found with their hands tied behind their backs and wearing civilian clothes. The victims included five women who had been raped, tortured and killed. Many bodies bore sings of torture.
The Coalition added: "The details of the massacre should serve as a reminder to all governments of the world as well as international and human rights organizations to assume their responsibilities towards the Syrian people."
"The massacre once again highlighted the need for urgent international intervention to put an end to the Assad regime's massacres, crimes and violations. Action needs to be taken urgently to put an end to executions and torture in the prisons of the Assad regime; ensure the release of tens of thousands of detainees; disclose the fate of the missing persons; and hold accountable those who are involved in these crimes."
"Anyone who refuses to support investigations aimed at serving justice makes himself in a reprehensible position and an accomplice in covering up these crimes. Supporting justice and standing on the side of what is right as well as punishing the criminals is not an option among a range of options; but the only and compulsory way in which the international community must move."
The Coalition warned that "any further delay will open the door to a world in which massacres are practiced and laws are violated with impunity. No one will be spared the consequences of these violations." (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
President Mustafa Says Establishment of Buffer Zone Will Serve Political Solution in Syria
President of the Syrian Coalition, Abdurrahman Mustafa, associated the establishment of a buffer zone in northern Syria with "the framework of supporting a political solution" as he stressed that the ultimate goal should be to ensure security throughout the country.
"Supporting the establishment of a buffer zone in Syria comes within the framework of supporting a political solution rather than putting more obstacles to this solution," President Mustafa said Tuesday.
"The ultimate goal should be to ensure security throughout Syria and to ensure the safety of the Syrian people in their entirety; enable them to regain their freedom and rights; and provide a safe, appropriate environment for them to play their role in building a free country."
President Mustafa earlier stressed that the establishment of a buffer zone in northern Syria is necessary to act as a safe haven for civilians in Syria and to facilitate the return of refugees to the country.
He pointed out that "the US withdrawal must be coordinated with the Turkish ally to avoid vacuum in the areas from which the US will withdraw its troops and to prevent the terrorist groups and the Assad regime and its allies from trying to fill any possible vacuum.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on Monday said that his country "will soon bring security and peace to the east of the Euphrates River as we have already did in other areas in Syria."
President Erdoğan stressed that Ankara will "clear" the remnants of ISIS from Syria, which he said were "deliberately left there and trained against Turkey." He noted that the Western countries sought to fight ISIS through arming another terrorist group.
He said that his country "had not only eliminated the terrorists, but had exerted major efforts to reduce the effects of the humanitarian crisis in the conflict areas."
The establishment of a safe zone in Syria has recently returned to the forefront following announcement by the United States that it will withdraw its troops from Syria. Turkey is seeking to establish a safe zone and clear it of all terrorist groups as it stressed that it will not wait forever to establish this area and that it stood ready to establish it on its own. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
Syrian Coalition Meets with Representatives of Friendly Countries & Discusses with them Latest Developments
The Syrian Coalition's Department of Foreign Relations held its periodic meeting with representatives of the friendly countries at the Coalition's headquarters in Istanbul on Saturday and discussed with them the latest political and on the ground developments.
President of the Syrian Coalition Abdurrahman Mustafa said that the displaced people and Syrian refugees suffer dire conditions as a result of the recent storms. He said: "More than half of the population of Syria are forcibly displaced from their homes inside and outside Syria. We hope assistance will be provided to residents of the camps."
President Mustafa reiterated that the Assad regime has chosen military solution since day one, which has so fair failed. The Assad regime lost control of Syrian territory in general and is unable to provide basic services to people in the areas under its control."
"The Assad regime has committed the most horrific crimes against the Syrian people claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent people. These crimes will live on in history," President Mustafa said. He pointed out that attempts by some countries to restore ties with the Assad regime after all the crimes he committed are nothing but failed attempts to grant legitimacy to the Assad regime.
With regards to developments in the political process, Mustafa said: "We are optimistic with the start of the work of the new UN envoy following the deadlock during the mandate of the former envoy." He pointed out that the recent remarks by Geir Pederson about an inclusive political process is encouraging.
"The Assad regime will try to block the political process as it is fully aware that it will lead to its demise. We in the Syrian Coalition insist that the only option is the implementation of UN resolutions through a comprehensive political process meeting the aspirations of the Syrian people."
Moreover, President Mustafa stressed the importance of implementing the relevant UN Security Council resolutions, especially resolution 2254, adding that the constitutional process must lead to a political process as he stressed the need to create a safe and neutral environment through the transitional process.
He pointed out that he hoped that the international community would have the will to resolve the Syrian crisis through UN resolutions and practical steps. He called for steps to be taken regarding the constitutional committee which he said must be formed according to international standards and be balanced, comprehensive and credible as a prelude the comprehensive political process in Syria.
He also said that the Iranians would not be forced out of Syria without the implementation of UN resolution. "The terrorist organizations were found with the support of the Assad and Iranian regimes. As long Assad is there, we will not be able to fight terrorism or oust the Iranian forces from Syria. There must be a political solution."
President Mustafa pointed out that the Arab countries' normalization of relations with the Assad regime at this stage would disrupt the UN-led political process as well as the implementation of the Geneva Communique of 2012 and the relevant Security Council resolutions.
As for the buffer zone to be established in northeastern Syria, President Mustafa voiced support for the Turkish-American agreement to successfully implement the roadmap in Manbij and east of the Euphrates. "The buffer zone will be positive for the return of refugees and the displaced people."
President Mustafa pointed out that the Coalition's stance is clear with regards to the fight against terrorist organizations such as the PYD, ISIS, Al-Qaeda, PKK, and the Iranian militias. He stressed the importance of Turkish-American coordination during the withdrawal of the US forces from eastern Syria to prevent the Assad regime, the Iranians, Russians, and terrorist organizations from trying to fill the vacuum which will ensue.
Head of the Syrian Negotiations Commission, Nasr al-Hariri, also participated in the meeting via a video link. He noted that the political process today returned to the United Nations after Russia had drawn it to suit its agenda over the past two years due to the absence of the international actors in the Syrian file.
Al-Hariri stressed that the political solution in Syria should be through the full implementation of the Geneva Communique of 2012 and UNSC resolution 2254 without ignoring any provision of it. He pointed out that there are two factors without which the constitutional committee will be meaningless, which are confidence-building measures through the release of detainees and the cessation of shelling and the creation of a safe and neutral environment. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department + Baladi News Network)
Regime Forces Commit War Crimes Against Civilians in Idlib, Hama, & Aleppo Provinces
At least 11 civilians have been killed and 40 others injured in artillery and rocket shelling by the Assad forces and their allies on rural Hama, Aleppo and Idlib over the last week. The Syrian Coalition said that these violations constitute war crimes as it stressed that those responsible must be held accountable.
Activists said that four civilians were killed in Russian airstrikes on the village of Biskariya near the town of Jisr al-Shughour in rural Idlib.
The Assad regime forces carry out artillery and rocket shelling on the towns of Kafarzeita, Lataminah, Morek, Latmin, Hasariya, al-Shatha, al-Arbaiyen, Abu Raida, Tal al-Sakhir, Janabara, Touba, Atshan, Maarkiba, Janabra and Al-Jabriya on an almost daily basis.
In rural Idlib, the towns of Al-Tamana'ah, Habeet, Jarjanaz, Talminis, Sukeik, Al-Khwain and Zarzur are subjected to artillery shelling by the Assad forces on daily basis.
Inab Baladi local news outlet on Friday quoted head of the local council in the town of Al-Tih Mayad Al-Ghajar as saying that most of the town's residents were forced to flee because of the intensified artillery and rocket shelling. He said that the villagers fled to nearby farmlands and villages near the Turkish border.
Al-Ghajar added that around 90 percent of residents of the town fled their homes, noting that at least 16 rockets hit the town on Thursday.
Al-Ghajar pointed out that the rockets are reducing whole houses to rubble, adding that the shelling prompted the remaining people to cancel Friday prayers. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
Syrian Negotiations Commission Welcomes US's Passage of Caesar Act as Necessary to Bring it to Negotiating Table
The Syrian Negotiations Commission said that the US House of Representatives' passage of the Caesar Act will stifle the Assad regime economically and put pressure on its supporters.
Smart News Network quoted the Commission's spokesman Yahya al-Aridi as saying that the legalization "will force supporters of the regime to sit at the negotiation table and engage seriously as the regime has always sought to evade entering into serious negotiations." He added: "The Assad regime received support from Russia to get away with its crimes, but now the regime and is supporters are feeling seriously threatened with tough sanctions."
"The legalization will stifle the Assad regime economically and will likely affect its sponsors and all those dealing with it," al-Aridi said. He did not rule out that the Assad regime would try to circumvent the legalization. "However, the sheer scale of the sanctions means that such attempts will be doomed to fail."
"As long as the Assad regime seeks to hinder political solution to the crisis, the sanctions will get tougher and will be expanded to affect its supporters."
The US House of Representatives on Tuesday passed the Caesar Syrian Civilian Protection Act of 2019 to impose new sanctions on the Assad regime and its supporters one day after the European Union slammed new sanctions on individuals and entities directly linked to the regime.
In comments he wrote on Twitter on Wednesday, President of the Syrian Coalition Abdurrahman Mustafa said: "The passage of the Caesar Act and the EU's expansion of sanctions against the Assad regime are steps in the right direction and must be implemented effectively without further delay."
"The US sanctions need to be coupled with judicial procedures to prevent impunity for those involved in violations and push towards a political solution in accordance with international resolutions and the Geneva Communique of 2012," President Mustafa said. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
US House Passes Bill to Impose New Sanctions on Assad Regime Supporters
The US House of Representatives passed the Caesar Syrian Civilian Protection Act of 2019 to impose new sanctions on the Assad regime and its supporters one day after the European Union slammed new sanctions on individuals and entities directly linked to the regime.
According to US media reports, the legalization passed unanimously at a session of the US House of Representatives on Tuesday, with 55 deputies voting for the bill, 43 voting against, while the rest abstained from voting.
"The US sanctions need to be coupled with judicial procedures to prevent impunity for those involved in violations and push towards a political solution in accordance with international resolutions and the Geneva Communique of 2012," President Mustafa said.
The Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2016 is an act drafted by the US Congress sanctioning the Assad regime. On November 15, 2016 it passed the House unanimously as The Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act (HR 5732). It will allow the White House to sanction foreign persons and entities that engage with the Assad regime or its supporters.
The legalization includes a list of senior Assad regime officials, including Bashar Assad and his wife Asma, political security officials and military commanders in the air force and military intelligence as well as the Central Bank of Syria.
The move came one day after the European Union announced it was imposing new sanctions on Syrian businessmen and companies directly linked to the Assad regime, including a close associate of the regime.
The EU said its leaders met in Brussels and agreed to expand the list of sanctions against the Assad regime by adding 11 Syrian businessmen and five entities linked to the regime to the sanctions list. (Source: the Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
Mass Arrests by Assad Regime Triggers Renewed Protests in Dara'a
The wave of protests in the province of Dara'a, the birthplace of the Syrian revolution eight years ago, were renewed following the Assad regime's security forces' arrest of dozens of young people in the town of Musaifra in eastern rural Dara'a.
Local activists reported that the province is on the verge of a new uprising because of the Assad regime's security forces' harassment of the local population and the frequent raids on civilian homes, the most recent of which targeted many homes in the town of Musaifra in search of people who are wanted by the regime.
The new wave of random arrests targeted dozens of military-aged people and former FSA fighters.
In response, new anti-regime graffiti appeared on the walls in the neighboring town of al-Sahwa calling for the overthrow of the Assad regime with all its symbols. The graffiti also rejected compulsory service in Assad's army as they reaffirmed commitment to the principles of the Syrian revolution.
Despite the so-called the reconciliation agreement in place, the Assad regime's security services continue to raid civilian homes in Dara'a province. A civilian was killed in one of these raids in southern rural Quenitra while two others were detained a few days ago.
In recent weeks, Dara'a has witnessed the scrawling of new anti-regime on the walls defying the Assad regime and threatening its presence in the province. The revolutionary movement has intensified since last month despite the Assad regime's tightened grip on the province.
A new video was published on social media showing the flag of the Syrian Revolution raised on the minaret of a mosque in the town of al-Karak al-Sharqi. Such moves will likely threaten the Assad regime's grip on the areas that fell to its forces following brutal military campaigns in the past few months.
President of the Syrian Coalition Abdurrahman Mustafa earlier said that the revolution "will not stop," and that the Syrian people "will not give up their fight for freedom."
Dara'a province, the cradle of the Syrian revolution, last week saw renewed anti-regime demonstrations in central Dara'a city emphasizing the revolution would continue until the overthrow of the regime with all its symbols. Various areas across the province also saw the scrawling of anti-regime graffiti on the walls denouncing the regime and its security apparatuses. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
President Mustafa: Buffer Zone Must be Safe Haven for Syrian Civilians
President of the Syrian Coalition, Abdurrahman Mustafa, stressed that the establishment of a buffer zone in northern Syria is necessary to act as a safe haven for civilians in Syria and to facilitate the return of refugees to the country.
"The Syrian Coalition has long suggested the establishment of a buffer zone to act as a safe haven for Syrian civilians inside the Syrian territory, which will facilitate the return of refugees and those who were displaced by terrorism regardless of their racial and religious affiliations," President Mustafa told Anadolu Agency in an interview on Sunday.
President Mustafa pointed out that "the US withdrawal must be coordinated with the Turkish ally to avoid vacuum in the areas from which the US will withdraw its troops and to prevent the terrorist groups and the Assad regime and its allies from trying to fill any possible vacuum.
Furthermore, President Mustafa said that he earlier met with an American delegation and discussed with them the situation in Syria. "The discussion was positive and useful," He said, adding" We put forward the Syrian Coalition's vision for resolving the conflict in Syria. We also discussed the situation on the ground east of the Euphrates River. The US side laid out their vision for east of the Euphrates."
"The Syrian Coalition will accept an invitation from the American side to visit the United States next month as it believes there must be constant communication with the active countries both on the ground and in the political process. We believe that a solution on the ground in east of the Euphrates will reflect positively on the political process.
President Mustafa stressed that the PYD militia must withdraw from the town of Manbij to allow the return of the forcibly displaced persons and the formation of a civil administration by the local population as was the case in Afrin. (Source: Syrian Coalition's Media Department)
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Like all significant artists, Brian works from a deep and complex and evolving frame of reference. Unlike most artists, and like most scientists, he talks about that frame of reference. He's not worried that your experience of his art might be sullied by your understanding something about what he's up to - rather the opposite: he would like to include you in the process.
Brian's approach is valuable because it is so inviting. The informed viewer or listener is invited to think like an artist and therefore in a sense to become an artist. This is good for art and good for civilisation.
There's a further benefit to telling all, this time to the artist. By not keeping his frame of reference secret, Brian is freed from binding allegiance to whatever he was thinking when he first became successful. You don't cling to secrets you've told. You move on, and your work keeps being surprising as a result. Maybe this approach works best with artists who are easily bored. Brian is, after all, the author/composer/performer of the tune (now a well-known meme), Been There, Done That.
ENO: I guess the question I've always been really interested in, the one that underlies all the others, is alluded to somewhat in my book and I've written about it more since, which is to try to find a big theory about culture: why people do culture, what it does for us, what we actually call culture, which things do we include in that category, and which things do we leave out. I have two intentions in thinking about this. One is that I want to find a single language within which one can talk about fashion, cake decoration, Cezanne, abstract paintings, architecture - within which one can discuss any what one might call nonfunctional, stylistic behaviour - which is what humans actually spend more and more of their time doing. The better off humans are, the more time they spend engaged in issues of style, essentially - making choices between one look of things and another look of things. The first question is to say "is there one language within which we can talk about all of those things?" There doesn't have to be a separate language for fine art, so-called, separate from anything else we talk about. There should be one language that fits these things together.
The second question is to try to say "is there a way of understanding why humans continuously and constantly and without exception engage in cultural activity?" We don't know of human groups that don't produce something that we would call art. It seems to be something that we are biologically inclined to do. If we are, then what is the nature of that drive? What is it doing for us? When people say, well surely this has been written about, what I say is, actually it hasn't, really. The number of books on this subject is vanishingly small. They occupy a shelf about eighteen inches long. What has been done is a huge sort of taxonomy of cultural artifacts; people sort of listing things and saying that looks a bit like that, and these seem to belong together, and so on and so on. But I always say that this is a little bit like natural history before Darwin came along. Before Darwin there were lots of observations, there were people noticing all of these things existed, making careful notes about them, talking about them, saying that this related to this, this was higher than that or lower than that, and making all the sorts of judgments and observations that people now make about cultural behaviour When Darwin came along, what he said was very simple, very easy for anyone to understand - and extremely profound, because it gave one language - the language of survival and the drive to survival and selection and so on. He gave one language in which one could frame all of the things called living organisms. By doing that, it made that subject not just a way of collecting heaps of material, but of actually making theories about that material. In a way he brought to an end the sort of gathering stage of natural history, the stage where the job of a natural historian was just to go out and make observations, and he brought into being the next phase, which was the task of somehow relating things together and making extrapolations and predictions, and saying if this happens, we might expect that this would happen. That's the job of science.
My first mother-in-law, that's to say the mother of my first wife, was a very interesting woman who lived in Cambridge, and had a salon, at which quite a lot of very good scientists would appear, Francis Crick, John Kendrew, Herman Bondi, among others. Her name was Joan Harvey and she ran a thing called the Cambridge Humanists. She's a very bright and interesting woman. I met her daughter, and was taken home, and got along very well with Joan. I was 17 at the time. One day Joan said to me, it's all very well what you do, but I just don't understand why someone with a brain as good as yours wants to waste it being an artist. This question cut me to the quick in a way. I came from a working-class where nobody particularly cared what you did. It was the first time that anyone had ever cared. Then I fell in with a lot of arty people, who of course assumed that being an artist was a wonderful thing, and never bothered to ask the question about why - about what the point of it might be, or what it actually did for anybody. Joan asked that question, and I never stopped thinking about it. That was the beginning of an interesting double life, because part of my life of course is being an artist, but the other part, and just as interesting to me, is wondering what it is I'm doing, or what everybody else is doing - asking what it's for.
ENO: If you asked twenty scientists what they thought they were doing, or what they thought the point of science was, I would think that most of them would come up with an answer something like, we want to understand the world, we want to see how the world works. If you asked 20 artists the same question - what are you doing it for, what does art do for us - I guarantee you'll get about fifteen different answers, and the other five will tell you to mind your own business. There is no consensus whatsoever about what art is there for although some people will say, well, it's to make life more beautiful.
Here I am, an artist - who reads mostly science books - like most other artists. I know very few artists who read books about art. Why, I ask myself, is there not a conversation of that quality in the arts? Many artists normally are talking about science, they're not talking about art - there is not a developed language, for having a conversation about the arts.
I'm gradually arriving at some sort of a theory of culture that is getting a few adherents now. I've been talking about it for a while, and I've slimmed it down enough so that it is communicable in less than two days.
The first assumption is that all human groups engage in something that we would call artistic behaviour - if they are at all capable of it, that is if they are beyond the most basic problems of survival - and even when they aren't, they will engage in decorative, ornamental, and often very complex stylistic behaviour This takes a big chunk of their resources - it takes a lot of energy. So the first question is, why would that be the case? If it is the case, one would assume that it's doing something more than just mildly entertaining - it's doing something important for us.
ENO: I want to find a way of talking about culture, so therefore if I talk about it, I have to be able to include everything from what's considered the most ephemeral, menial, and unimportant version of culture - haircuts, shoe designs - to what are considered the most hallowed and eternal examples of it. Now when I try to think about what it does for us, I try to think what happens to you in certain specific situations. For example, let's take this pair of designer sunglasses that happen to be on the table in front of me. They're very styled. They don't have to be like that. Glasses don't have to be funny, oval, weird-shaped looking glasses, space-age type glasses. As I put those glasses on, I'm not only keeping sun out of my eyes. I'm also engaging in some kind of game with myself and the rest of the world. What I'm doing is I'm entering into some kind of simulator. I'm saying, "what would it be like to be the kind of person that wears these kinds of glasses?" What I mean by that is, I'm not actually abandoning who I am and becoming somebody else; I'm for a while entering into a game where I suddenly become this person that's a different person from the person you've just been talking to.
With all fashion, what we do is play at being somebody else. We play at inhabiting another kind of world. If I decide to cut my hair short and dress like a tank commander, I play with the resonances of kitsch, militaria, dominance, and surrender, and control, and strength and weakness and all those sorts of things - I'm role-playing effectively, when I'm making fashion choices.
ENO: This kind of playing with other worlds, this ability to move from the world in my head to the possible world in your head, and all the other millions of possible worlds that we can imagine, is something that humans do with such fluency, and such ease, that we don't notice ourselves doing it. We only notice how powerful that process is when we meet people who can't do it - severely autistic children, for instance, who are incapable of switching worlds - who in many senses can appear completely intelligent, but they are incapable of seeing that there is any world other than the one that they perceive at this moment. This makes them incapable of two very important things: they can't cooperate easily, because to cooperate you have to understand not only your world, but the world of the person with whom you're cooperating, because you're trying to make a new common world, so you have to see where the other two worlds are. And they can't deceive. Autistic children also are incapable of deception, because they could not understand how they could create a situation in which you could see a different world from the one that they believe exists.
To a very large degree, cooperation and deception are the two things that distinguish human beings from the other animals. We have noticed now that some of the higher primates have the rudiments of cooperation and deception, but compared to ours they really are very rudimentary. My argument is that what the constant engagement in culture does for us, is that it enables us to continually rehearse this ability we have - the use of this big part of our brain that is involved in postulating, imagining, exploring, extrapolating other worlds, either individually or cooperatively.
This is the point at which there is a deep connection between art and science: each is a highly organised form of pretending; of saying "let's see what would happen if the world was like this."
Science is, of course, one extreme version of this process. Science works by trying to say, okay, I can separate off this piece of the world from the rest. Effectively we can say, I've separated that off, and then I can make some theories and predictions about it. Science therefore enables us to come up with a structure upon which we can build useful metaphors. This is why artists are interested in science - it's because science keeps coming up with big ideas, like chaos, like complexity, that we then think, ah yes, perhaps that's how a lot of things work. Then we have a new metaphor. We don't have to fully understand the science that made that metaphor.
A lot of those kinds of metaphors derive from science, but a lot of them derive from literature, poetry, music. We live in a big construction of metaphors - nearly all of our knowledge is rather fuzzy in that sense. One of the things that artists do is invent metaphors, break up metaphors, challenge them, pull them apart, put them together in new order and so on. One of the things art does also is to remind you constantly of this process that you're most of the time engaged in the process of metaphor-making. I am interested in the work of George Lakoff. I thought that Metaphors We Live By was a very interesting book, because it pulls you away from the old model of the mind having two departments, the rational department and the kind of intuitive department. It says, no, it's not quite like that, it says there's a continuum, that there are places where we can be strictly rational, such as when I'm doing my accounts with my calculator, when I'm making precise estimates of how I'll make something and what it'll be like. I can use all of the purely rational tools for that. But then there's a whole continuum, which is actually unbroken as far as I can see, where at the one end I can be entirely rational, then I can be pretty logical but I have to make a few guesses, right down to another end here where it's pure hunch. It's absolutely pure hunch.
I suppose at the root of all this is the feeling that possibly the only way that humans can remain cooperative is by those of us who are artists or who are interested in the arts realising that we have some kind of a job to do. It's no good any more as far as I'm concerned for artists to just take the Bohemian attitude of, oh, it just comes out of me, and I don't know what I'm doing, etc. I just can't stand that, I don't want this romantic attitude that says artists shouldn't be part of this planet. This is a real job, and it has to do something.
ENO: I wrote to Richard Dawkins recently who had just given The Richard Dimbleby Lecture on BBC1 in which he said that England always celebrates the arts, and doesn't celebrate the sciences. In fact he's right; there is a sort of liberal humanistic culture here which acts like art is wonderful and science is something that people should just get on with, and tell us when you've come up with a new washing machine or something. He gave the impression in his lecture that there was therefore a much better understanding of the arts than of the sciences, and I said I felt exactly the reverse was true, that people had a very poor understanding of the arts, and the reason they could happily waffle on about it was because their waffle was unchallengeable. There's such a poor conversation about it that you can say whatever crap you want to, and nobody's going to call you on it. The other thing is that everybody recognises the power of science. We recognise the power of cloning technologies, of nuclear weapons and so on. Everybody knows that science is powerful and could be dangerous, therefore there's a whole lot of criticism on that basis. What people don't realise is that culture is powerful and could be dangerous too. As long as culture is talked about as though it's a kind of nice little add-on to make things look a bit better in this sort of brutal life we all lead, as long as it's just seen as the icing on the cake, then people won't realise that it's the medium in which we're immersed, and which is forming us, which is making us what we are and what we think.
ENO: I had written a short letter. I'm sure he gets loads of mail, I didn't want to burden him, especially after a television lecture. But the appalling thing is that when you find out how much mail people do get, it's virtually zero. One of the things that changed my life a few years ago was listening to a radio program we have on Sunday evening called In Committee. It's the reports of the parliamentary select committees, which like your American committees have the task of addressing particular issues and then making a recommendation. There had been one very hot issue which was about whether there should be a third nuclear power station in a particular area. It had been a big media thing for months and months. Finally the report came, and the chairman of the committee read the report, and he said that well, in the six months that the committee has been sitting we've had a tremendous public response on this issue. We've received almost a hundred and fifty letters. I was amazed! - This constitutes a terrific response? You suddenly realise actually that a letter can make a difference.
What makes a difference is knowing that somebody's listening, and paying attention. I've written a few things for papers and so on, and what counts is knowing that the conversation has gotten through. I don't care about the figures, that the piece reached 500,000 readers - for it doesn't make any difference if they didn't read it. But if you know that it reached two or three, and you then enter into a conversation with them, then that's made a difference. I'm sure you know that.
There's another level at which I would like to say that much more profoundly; it's something I didn't talk about at all because it's a difficult issue to explain. What is cultural value and how does that come about? Nearly all of the history of art history is about trying to identify the source of value in cultural objects. Colour theories, and dimension theories, golden means, all those sort of ideas, assume that some objects are intrinsically more beautiful and meaningful than others. New cultural thinking isn't like that. It says that we confer value on things. We create the value in things. It's the act of conferring that makes things valuable. Now this is very important, because so many, in fact all fundamentalist ideas rest on the assumption that some things have intrinsic value and resonance and meaning. All pragmatists work from another assumption: no, it's us. It's us who make those meanings.
This is something that anyone who deals with world finances would probably understand; value is conferred and the result of a system of confidences among people. But it is not something that religions generally understand. It is certainly not something that fundamentalists understand. For me, so many of the really critical bottleneck type problems of our time come from that difficulty of understanding - that it's humans that make the value in things. It didn't get there, it wasn't in there, it isn't there all the time, it wasn't made by somebody else and it's left there for us to find it. We made it. We put it there.
The engagement with culture is a way of understanding that. Of course, art history of the past has always used it to buttress that old idea - ah yes, Michelangelo's Pieta is beautiful because these proportions have some kind of divine golden-mean-type resonance, and it communicates through to us - the value is in the thing and we're like a radio receiver. That transmitter/receiver model is an old picture which I don't accept any more. The value is in the transaction. The object itself can be almost irrelevant - as was Duchamp's lavatory. He could have chosen a spade, or a bicycle wheel, in fact. What he did was create the situation where he said, here, viewer, come in and make some value. And a lot of twentieth century art has been about that - about reminding us that we make things valuable - that they don't pre-exist in a valuable state.