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Home / Articles and Press Releases / Gas Detection
Analysis methods for particular gaseous pollutants
Knowledge of the nature and amounts of pollutants in the atmosphere is of major importance in air quality. Consequently there is a need for precise and reliable instruments for analysis of particular gaseous pollutants. Such pollutants include sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). This article will review detection methods for these and, more briefly, for other pollutant gases.
Detection and measurement of sulphur dioxide 1
Sulphur dioxide is highly harmful to persons. Its level in the atmosphere is of the order of parts per hundred million (p.p.h.m.). Levels would have been higher than this in the days before regulation of gaseous emissions from industrial plant. It might be an interesting exercise in epidemiology to estimate how many persons in Britain died from the effects of sulphur dioxide over say the period 1850 to 1950. The present author's intuition is that whether it was millions or tens of millions would be as much as could from this distance in time be convincingly determined.
Even nowadays a blip in the sulphur dioxide concentration of the atmosphere will be accompanied by excess deaths from such complaints as asthma, that is, deaths over the period of high sulphur dioxide concentration in excess of the expected number on the basis of statistics and records. Sulphur dioxide is also a strong factor in acid rain.
"modern sulphur dioxide measurement devices are of two types: semiconductor and electrochemical"
There are classical methods for determining sulphur dioxide, including infra-red spectroscopy and fluorescence. The former, the basis of which is absorption of infra-red radiation due to the vibrational functions of the molecule, might still find use in today's world where amounts of sulphur dioxide in effluent gases are being measured. Very roughly speaking, a gaseous pollutant will be diluted by a factor of 103 on release into the environment.
An ambient level of parts per hundred million therefore converts to an emission level of parts per million or tens thereof, and modern infra-red analysers for sulphur dioxide can measure down to about 1 p.p.m. The basis of the fluorescence method is emission of radiation very distant in wavelength from infra-red. This can measure down to p.p.h.m. levels.
More modern sulphur dioxide measurement devices are of two types: semiconductor and electrochemical. A semiconductor is made by deliberate contamination ('doping') of a metallic compound, for example tin oxide, so as to give it either an excess or a deficit of electrons. The former is an n-type semiconductor and the latter a p-type semiconductor. The excess or deficit of electrons creates movement of electrons within the semiconductor, and the electrical current so generated is affected by contact with gas molecules. This is the basis of gas detection and measurement by semiconductors.
An important factor is choice of a dopant to give good selectivity in relation to the gas of interest. With a tin oxide semiconductor a nickel dopant gives good sulphur dioxide selectivity, and measurements to below 1 p.p.h.m. are possible.
The electrochemical approach is in principle applicable to anything oxidisable, as sulphur dioxide is: SO 2 + 2H 2 O -> SO 4 2- + 4H + + 2e
Such an instrument therefore operates as a galvanic cell the e.m.f. from which is the basis of the measurement. There are electrochemical measurement devices for sulphur dioxide which can measure down to ambient levels.
Detection and measurement of oxides of nitrogen
The term NOx means of course NO (nitric oxide) plus NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide). NOx in the atmosphere is a factor in photochemical smog and in acid rain. The 'NOx meter' working on the principle of chemiluminescence has been in widespread use for decades. Rather inconveniently for field use, it requires a cylinder of oxygen. Oxygen entering the device is converted to ozone which in turn converts NOx to nitrogen dioxide in an electronically excited state. Emission of a photon by this:
NO 2 * -> NO 2 + hv
is the basis of the measurement.
"Amounts of NOx can also be determined by superionic conductors"
A modern NOx meter working along these lines can measure NOx in amounts of less than 1 p.p.m.
Semiconductors have also been applied to NOx measurement. Reference [1] reports good performance of a semiconductor composed of Fe 2 O 3 doped with niobium in the measurement of oxides of nitrogen. The sensitivity of the semiconductor detector depends how much of the NOx is present as the oxidised form NO 2 , that is, on the ratio: NO 2 /( NO + NO 2 ) and this sensitivity also depends upon the amount of dopant. With the dopant amount used in the majority of the experiments the response of the semiconductor was remarkably sensitive to the above ratio. With a value of 1 for the ratio, that is, NO 2 only to the exclusion of NO, amounts of less than five p.p.m. are easily measurable. There is progressively poorer response with values of 0.5 and 0.25 for the above ratio. With a value of zero, that is NO only, the limit of measurement is about 100 p.p.m. The reader should be aware of two points. First, it is a simple matter to convert the NOx to NO 2 entirely, as indeed is done in a chemiluminescence meter. Secondly, with semiconductors there is much scope for variation of conditions including temperature and dopant amounts and to give response most suitable for a particular application.
Amounts of NOx can also be determined by superionic conductors. NASICON (sodium superionic conductor, formula Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 ) is an important example. Such a substance resembles an ionic solution in that movement of ions produces current. When NASICON is used in a NOx sensing device, the NOx first encounters a noble metal surface contacting the NASICON. This influences current flow through the NASICON, and this can correlated with the NOx concentration. There are alternatives to noble metals for the fabrication of the sensing electrode, notably certain oxides containing three metallic elements. These are sometimes loosely called 'pyrochlores'; one such having found application to NOx sensing is an oxide of lead, ruthenium and vanadium. For sulphur dioxide, infra-red methods of measurement are seen as being dated if not obsolescent.
For NOx newly developed infra-red devices for measurement are available (e.g., [2]) and these are arguably starting to replace the time-honoured chemiluminescence method.
The background level of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere is a few p.p.m. It will seldom be of interest to measure such a concentration distant from a major source such as an industrial complex or a heavily used road. It is however important to be able to measure amounts of carbon monoxide in vehicle exhaust emissions and this is very widely done on a routine basis. In the UK MoT test, the level of carbon monoxide in the exhaust of a vehicle is measured by infra-red, absorption being at a wavelength of 47µm. Levels in vehicle exhaust gas will be typically four orders of magnitude higher than ambient levels. There are also (e.g. [3]) infra-red devices for measuring carbon monoxide in flue gases from combustion plant, for example at power stations.
"Perhaps the most interesting of the devices for carbon monoxide detection is the biomimetic sensor. Such a sensor uses a substance which changes colour when carbon monoxide reacts with it"
Carbon monoxide poisoning during a fire or an incipient fire causes many deaths every year. A carbon monoxide detector for prevention might be a semiconductor, or it might work along electrochemical principles. Perhaps most interestingly of all, the detector might be biomimetric in its operation. Each of these will be explained in turn.
It is clear from what has already featured in this article that semiconductors have very wide scope for development in gas detection. For carbon monoxide a tin oxide semiconductor with a cerium oxide dopant is very suitable. Electrochemical detection of carbon monoxide is also widely practised. The basis of this is as follows. In a galvanic cell with sulphuric acid solution as the electrolyte the following processes occur at the respective electrodes:
0.5 O 2 + 2H + + 2e -> H 2 O
CO + H 2 O -> CO 2 + 2H + + 2e
CO + 0.5 O 2 -> CO 2
Clearly a rise in the carbon monoxide concentration will be manifest as a change in the e.m.f. of the cell.
Perhaps the most interesting of the devices for carbon monoxide detection is the biomimetic sensor. Such a sensor uses a substance which changes colour when carbon monoxide reacts with it, similarly to the action of carbon monoxide on hemoglobin in the blood. The sensor can therefore be said to have mimicked biochemistry.
Detection of ozone and volatile organic compounds (VOC)
The 'ozone layer' about 20 km above the earth's surface needs to be protected as it filters out parts of solar radiation which are harmful to persons. However, ozone much closer to the earth's surface is itself harmful, being an agent in the formation of photochemical smog. Ozone absorbs in the ultraviolet, so air to the extent that it contains ozone loses its transparency in this wavelength range and this provides on means of measuring amounts of ozone in air. Semiconductors have been developed for ozone detection and these include indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) doped with iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) [4].
"VOC can be measured with a semiconductor comprising SnO2 doped with platinum and palladium"
A semiconductor will always respond to gas impingement, and the conventional way of expressing the effectiveness of a semiconductor as a sensor for a particular gas is the ratio of the response from that gas to that from air, other things being equal. An indium oxide semiconductor so evaluated [4] gave responses up to 100 times that for air. Factors in the response include the temperature of the semiconductor. The temperature range 300 to 700ºC was examined in the work in [4] and the most promising results were obtained at the lower end of the range.
Also relevant is the temperature at which the doped semiconductor was prepared. In [4] this range was 900 to 1300ºC. Other semiconductors having been adapted into ozone detectors include tungsten oxide [5].
The pollutants considered so far in this article have been single organic compounds. By contrast 'Volatile organic compounds' (VOC) are considered collectively in air pollution control and their coverage in the same section as that of ozone is appropriate as VOC are involved in ozone formation in the atmosphere. The VOC level inside a building will exceed that of the air surrounding the building by a factor of between 2 and 5. This is because of VOC release by such substances as paints, polishes, office equipment and cosmetics. The primary sources of VOC in the atmosphere are however vehicles and refineries.
A common method of detection and measurement of VOC is photoionisation. A u.v. light source within the detection instrument ionises any VOC in gas drawn in for analysis. The electrical current so created is the basis of the signal. Such instruments are now available which can measure down to 1 p.p.b. of VOC. As one would expect, semiconductors have been developed for VOC detection and here again tin oxide has proved its worth [6].
VOC can be measured with a semiconductor comprising SnO2 doped with platinum and palladium. Tungsten oxide which, as noted above can be the basis of a semiconductor detector for ozone, can also be used for VOC if suitably treated with one or more 'minority elements'.
In 1934, an article was published 'Journal of Scientific Instruments' entitled 'Note on gas analysis with modified Orsat apparatus'. An Orsat apparatus consists of three glass containers of aqueous reagent into which samples of flue gas are passed. Analysis is for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen. The Orsat apparatus has been used much more recently than 1934. The present author supervised its operation as an undergraduate experiment at the University of New South Wales over the period 1987 to 1995. He saw it as being messy and uninteresting, a view that was almost certainly shared by the majority of the students. When more advanced instruments for gas analysis first came into use they required mains electricity.
The Orsat apparatus and others of its genre, that is 'wet chemistry' devices having no power requirement, retained a role. It is clear from this article that gas analysis has advanced a long way since the Orsat apparatus, although it is unlikely that that has disappeared totally. Methods discussed in this article have included spectroscopic and electrochemical ones. Semiconductors have featured centrally and it is clear that scope for the application of semiconductors to gas analysis is very wide indeed.
[1] Cantalini C., Sun H.T., Faccio M., Ferri G., Pelino M. 'Niobium-doped a-Fe2O3 semiconductor ceramic sensors for the measurement of nitric oxide gases' Sensors and Actuators B 24-25 673-677 (1995)
[2] http://www.yokogawa.com/iab/appnotes/iab-app-noxremovale-en.htm
[3] http://www.landinst.com/combustion/products/combustion/Series9000_Carbon_Monoxide.htm
[4] Kim S-R., Hong H-K., Kwon C.H., Yun D.H., Lee K., Sung Y.K. 'Ozone sensing properties of In2O3-based semiconductor thick films' Sensors and Actuators B 66 59-62 (2000)
[5] http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-0233/12/6/305/?ejredirect=.iopscience
[6] http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10021135098/en
Published: 10th Jul 2009 in Health and Safety International


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CULT ALTERED
build change
Mystic Musings
Youth Ki Awaaz
Mahera Dutta
The Pocket Communities – The Anglo Indians of Madras
The Press Trust of India, on the occasion of Madras day this August, screened a documentary on the life of one of the few remaining liberal and progressive communities in India – the Anglo Indians.
'Madras has been a cradle of the Anglo – Indian civilization. We must not wait for a reason to represent our communities in the city.', says director Richard Connor at the Press Institute of India.
The documentary titled Anglo Indians of Madras – case study Pallavaram seeks to explore glimpses of Pallavaram (Part of Chennai) or the 'veteran lines', home to many Anglos in Chennai.
It is directed by two men, Harry Maclure and Richard Connor, driven by the need to share the collective experience of the Anglo-Indian communities- their food, culture and spaces of abode.
Buildings with colonial hangovers with huge tracts of land devoted to hockey before them, tea gardens and estates, bungalows where 'socials' were held and other aesthetic spaces reminiscent of an old-world charm introduce the documentary.
It goes on to trace contributions of Anglo- Indian women to Indian society- When Indian men needed nursing after fighting wars in the colonial era, the Anglo-Indian women nursed them. This act could not be performed by Hindu women who were bound by rigid caste structures at the time.
Historically, the community has contributed to the creation of a distinctive ethos in India with their music, film and culture in post-independent India.
Andrea Jeremiah, Nicole D'Costa, Genevieve and Samantha Akkineni are some of the few Anglo-Indian actors who have contributed in distinct ways to Indian Cinema.
Budding talent in the music and hospitality industry also comes from the Anglo- Indian community in modern India.
"Though we are a microscopic minority, we are among those communities who have earned goodwill in the mosaic of India. We do not want to be alienated. We do have a distinct culture and heritage but we are Indian.", says Harry Maclure.
The signs of slowing for this progressive and liberal community in India, however, linger. Like most, the Anglos of Chennai are moving overseas in search of greener pastures. Schools in Chennai meant for Anglo Indian populations witness dwindling numbers.
The documentary ends on a grim note –houses in the veteran lines abandoned by people who have moved overseas or other parts of the city and the huge stretches of hockey fields that have reduced to water puddles.
At a time when the minority question is posed in India almost every day, it is not surprising to know that the Anglo- Indian community feels threatened.
Their assimilation with the country's majority population affects their lineage and unique heritage. Hence, directors like Harry and Richard feel the need to continuously document the lives of these pocketed communities for generations to come.
Though people like Richard and Harry recognize the constitutional guarantees assured to their minority population in the nation, they feel like the political nomination leads to their representative acting as 'dummies'. More could have been done to promote their culture and heritage by preserving the places of their abode. But for now, they seek to preserve the best of what exists…
Kwan, Koun?? Lights, Camera, Action – Stoned!!They say, things come full circle. They do.
2020- We're off with a Fiery Start ..
Rage Against the Machine (of Systemic Rape Culture)
CULT ALTERED © 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ring of Brodgar
Ring of Brodgar | Scotland Photo Spot
Ring of Brodgar-Photo by unukorno
Ring of Brodgar was built around 2500-2000BC and covering an area of almost 8,500 square metres it is the third largest stone circle in the British Isles. Sitting within a natural amphitheatre of hills and surrounded by a ditch, 27 of the original 60 stones survive today. According to legend, it was a religious shrine and possibly a place of ritual, while others believe the ring was built for the astronomical observation of the equinox and solstice. The truth is, we don't know for sure which only adds to the mystique. The Ring of Brodgar is part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site, a series of important domestic and ritual monuments built 5000 years ago in the Orkney Islands. (Stromness, Orkney Islands, Scotland)
Explore the United Kingdom Photo Map
More Scotland Photo Spots
Braemar Castle
Restenneth Priory
Rubha Hunish
Shenavall Bothy
North Berwick Law
Explore All Scotland Photo Spots


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Landscape Astrophotography
Contact / Bio
Mount Rainier, the Milky Way galaxy, Star Trails and Climbers' Lights at Night
By PhilAugust 23, 2013Milky Way Photos, Star Trail Photos
On my recent trip to Mount Rainier National Park, I had one particular image in mind, and I managed to achieve something very close to what I envisioned with this photograph. Seen here is the northeast side of Mount Rainier, with star trails in the sky and climbers' lights tracing their paths over Rainier's snow-covered slopes. The colorful area of the sky to the left of Rainier is the Milky Way moving through the sky from left to right as the Earth rotates, intentionally blurred in a time exposure but still recognizable. I've used this technique a number of times this summer to good effect, to make Milky Way images somewhat different than the norm. Cheers and thanks for looking!
Mount Rainier, star trails, the Milky Way galaxy and climbers' light, seen at night.
Perseid Meteor Shower, Milky Way, Half Dome and Yosemite National Park
Author Phil
I am a natural history photographer and writer. I focus on wild marine mammals, the California kelp forest, inhabitants of remote eastern Pacific islands, National Parks of the American West and, most recently, waves and surfing. I am fortunate to have visited many spectacular terrestrial and underwater settings as well as to have encountered a variety of threatened and endangered animal species in the ocean. My natural history photography has appeared in the pages of BBC Wildlife, National Wildlife, Ocean Realm, Ranger Rick, Reader's Digest, Skin Diver, and National Geographic Magazine, has been used in various advertising and publicity campaigns, is in use in aquaria and museums, and is occasionally recognized in photographic competitions. My underwater videography has been broadcast in various productions in the United States and abroad.
More posts by Phil
Landscape Astrophotography (31)
Eclipse Photos (4)
Full Moon (5)
Meteor Photos (2)
Milky Way Photos (16)
Moonlight Photos (2)
Planet Photos (1)
Star Trail Photos (1)
Under the African Night Sky
Lunar Eclipse Sequence, Juniper and Standing Rock, Joshua Tree NP, April 2014.
Light Painting Delicate Arch under the Milky Way, Arches National Park, Utah
The Eyes of Utah – Natural Arches and the Milky Way
Lunar Eclipse Sequence over Arch Rock, Blood Red Moon, April 14 2014
Lunar Eclipse Blood Red Moon Sequence over Joshua Tree National Park
Tips for Photographing the Blood Red Moon during a Total Lunar Eclipse
Venus and Milky Way at Astronomical Twilight, Arch Rock, Joshua Tree National Park
Full Moon Rising over the San Diego City Skyline
Landscape Arch and Milky Way at Night, Arches National Park, Utah
© 2019 Landscape Astrophotography.


A couple months ago I wrote a review about the Graze Box. Since then I have received five boxes.
I can honestly say these are definitely worth it. Of these five boxes, I only marked one thing as "trash" (the Fruit and Seed Flapjacks), but really only because I don't care for Raisins. The things I've "loved" were Banoffee Pie, Mississippi BBQ Pistachios, Pear Tatin, and Natural Vanilla Seeds. The latest box I received (box #6) had three of the four items from the first box I received. I haven't even opened up that box yet but I am looking forward to it.
All in all, I really do recommend the Graze Box. I haven't tried any of the competitors though. These aren't exactly "carb-counter friendly", but we make it work :). I said earlier that I don't particularly like raisins (who does?), but they have many recipes with different flavor infused raisins that have been really tasty. Anyway, if you want to try it out my invitation code is LEWA6LHDB and if you use it you'll get your first and fifth box free from Graze. Give it a try, at least the first box — you can cancel any time.
You have my curiosity…..Never heard of anything of the sort…sees kinda like a diet plan I created for myself a few years ago.


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How much money do the NASCAR Sprint Cup winners win?
jimmy Johnson came in first in 2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup. His winnings were $17,673,977. Carl Edwards came in second with $4,585,792.
Q: How much money do the NASCAR Sprint Cup winners win?
How much is the Nascar Sprint Cup champions bonus?
The Nascar Sprint Cup champions bonus is $5,778,405.
How much money do Nascar Sprint Cup drivers make?
Depending on how well you do (winnings) and how much they and the race itself pays.
How much money do Nascar Sprint Cup owners make?
Nascar owners get paid 15,000,000 to 60,000,000 depending on who the drivers are and also how many drivers he has
How much do Nascar Sprint Cup Series cars weigh?
NASCAR Sprint Cup Cars are standardized to weigh 3400lbs (1542.2kg)
How much money did Nascar driver Ryan Newman make in 2008?
In the Sprint Cup Series Ryan Newman winnings were $6,179,560.
How much do NASCAR winners make?
Depends on the race and how much the sponsors are paying out.
How much horsepower does a Nascar Sprint Cup car produce?
A Sprint Cup car produces about 850 horsepower.
How much horsepower is in a Nascar Sprint Cup car?
The Sprint Cup cars have between 700 and 800 horsepower.
How much does a nascar sprint cup car weigh?
He won it four times.
How much money did the Nascar Sprint Cup Series champion win in 2011?
In 2011, Tony Stewart won the Sprint Cup Series championship. Including race winnings and bonuses, he earned $12,671,071.
How much money does Nascar pay per race?
It depends on a variety of factors, such as the level of racing, the track being run at, and various bonuses and such. At the lower levels of NASCAR like in it's Regional Series, race winners may get a few hundred dollars or so, while Sprint Cup race winners get hundreds of thousands (or even one to two million dollars at Daytona) though the amount varies by track.
How much does a set of tires cost on a nascar sprint cup series car?
How much money did Carl Edwards make in 2011?
In 2011, Carl Edwards earned $11,351,964 in the Nascar Sprint Cup Series and $2,058,814 in the Nationwide Series.
How much money did Dale Earnhardt Jr. make in 2012?
In 2012, including bonuses, Dale Jr. earned $5,816,567 in the Nascar Sprint Cup Series.
How much money did Tony Stewart make when he won the 2011 Nascar Sprint Cup Series championship?
In 2011, Tony Stewart made $6,567,771. in race earnings.
How much does it cost to run one season in the Nascar Sprint Cup Series?
Some $30 million.
How much money do Melbourne Cup winners get?
They get alot of money
How much money does NASCAR generate?
Most of NASCAR's money comes from sponsorship from other companies. NASCAR takes in 3 billion dollars per year from sponsors.
How much horse power do Nascar race cars have?
They have between 700 and 800 horse power in the Sprint Cup.
How much money does a Nascar champion win?
How much money a NASCAR champion wins varies from race to race. Races have different payouts. It also depends on their contract.
How much prize money do winners get for Wimbledon?
Winners £1.000.000 Runners up £500.000
How much money does Nascar make in concession revenue?
How much money do you need to get into NASCAR?
you need to have 50 cents
How much money is a Nascar car worth?
How much money do the grey cup winners get?
How do you write 705 in expanded form?
What is half of 10.5?
If you are 13 years old when were you born?
What is 952418 rounded to the nearest ten thousand?
Asked By Cherry


The largest cryogen-free system in the world successfully installed!
Pioneering helium free technology allowing leading edge science without limitations.
High precision SQUID Magnetometer with Linear Motor Facility.
Download the New Cryogen Free Measurement System Brochure!
Cryogenic launches the new CFM-VSM (v2). With years of continuous product development, the second generation VSM system offers unique competitive features to ensure highest performance in the investigation of Electrical, Magnetic and Thermal properties of materials at temperatures ranging from 1.6 K to 400 K and magnetic fields up to 9 Tesla – all without the need for liquid cryogens.
Assures long term reliability and reproducibility.
Ensures that the coil set is properly fixed and does not tilt away from the system axis.
Removes the risk of blocking the VTI circuit when changing measurement probes.
Reduces noise, improving S/N ratio and so generating better data.
Software-controlled, stable and assures long term continuous operation.


text:
//
// BasicSubPage.xaml.cpp
// Implementation of the BasicSubPage class
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "BasicSubPage.xaml.h"

using namespace Platform;
using namespace Windows::Foundation;
using namespace Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Controls::Primitives;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Data;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Input;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Media;
using namespace Windows::UI::Xaml::Navigation;

using namespace NavigationMenuSample::Views;

BasicSubPage::BasicSubPage()
{
    InitializeComponent();
}

void BasicSubPage::OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs^ e)
{
    auto param = dynamic_cast<String^>(e->Parameter);
    if (nullptr != param)
    {
        std::wstring msg(param->Data());
        const wchar_t* format = L"Clicked on %s";
        wchar_t buffer[75];
        swprintf_s(buffer, 75, format, msg.c_str());

        Message = ref new String(buffer);
    }
    else
    {
        Message = "Hi!";
    }

    Page::OnNavigatedTo(e);
}

String^ BasicSubPage::Message::get()
{
    return _string;
}

void BasicSubPage::Message::set(String^ value)
{
    _string = value;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thanks to the wonders of Charter OnDemand, I viewed several movies this weekend. Spoiler-free reviews under the lj cuts, you see. Do not guarantee lack of spoilers in comments.. but come on, people. These movies are OLD.
this movie was very well done. super plus.
I didn't watch this movie, idiots. Who do I like like? _sterno_?


MCE is the IT division of MCM. For the last 30 years it supported the success of MCM's flexible production systems. MCE, combining production expertise and a systematic approach to research and development, provides a new layer of strategic services to support manufacturing, in modern machining shop floors.
Our capacity to directly interface machine control systems, together with the knowledge we have of their operating modes, arise from 30 years of continuous development in the industrial automation sector. This experience and our skills in deploying custom solutions, enabled us to build integrated solutions for manufacturing, which seamlessly range from sensors to enterprise Information management system.
Our solutions are not a mere re-proposition of some old industrial accounting solutions, as most of the so called Manufacturing Execution Systems do. They define, in a new and bold way, abstractions to model machining resources in the most effective way to support their operations.
We design software services able to exploit the whole potential flexibility of modern production lines. At the same time, developing software able to make critical decisions, improve production's autonomy.
This is the team managing and developing MCE software solutions.
Effective production processes are modular, reusable and integrated. With our software is possible to reach these targets, easily.
Deploying an effective and reliable software. That's how we do it.
Le ultime news da MCE, approfondimenti ed eventi.
Some examples of use for our software in different production environments.
Aerospace Shop floor integration and flexibility injection in traditional production equipment.
Feel free to contact us for any further information about MCE.
MCE is located near Piacenza, in proximity of all the main traffic routes. At the same time is in the foothills of Emilia's Appennines surrounding the Po valley.
The client: a third party supplier of machined parts to the aerospace market. Conventional mono- or bi-pallets machining centers, without flexible automation.
Target: the need to guarantee small batch production, reducing efficiency loss, due to very frequent setups.
Solution: The application of jFMX supervisory software to each machine in the shop floor, integrated with the support of our Level2 services, made the data flow completely automated.
Production orders, cutting tool data, part programs are taken from enterprise information management systems (ERP, PPE, TDM) and used to control process execution and to manage production resources.
Every single bi-pallet machine is configured as a virtual multi-pallet cell, with a queue of pallets waiting to be machined.
During the day the operator checks the work-cycle on a single part, with several iterations managed by jFMX NetPP executor.
There's no need for the operator to interact directly with CNC or ISO code.
Multi-faceted and multi-clamp pallets are prepared for production and processed unattended during night-shifts.
The client: a shop floor for the production of 7500 different operations on 1200 codes for 5 different product's lines. For the milling, MCM machining centers are used in flexible automation systems, both multi-pallets and FMSs.
The problem: optimized allocation of production orders to different machines, complete trace of resources usage (centers, tools) to get detailed analysis of production's costs, without the need to load on machine operators the burden of time-consuming tracking operations, particularly critical in a production environment characterized by a growing number of small size lots.
The solution: installation of jFMX on any machine tool, getting them ready for fast reaction to an hard to predict production context using responsive dispatch rules. Over this layer, a Level2 platform, is integrated, featuring complex instruments for workload balancing and lot planning trough time. This platform is able to get orders from factory IT system and to render the work progress in real time.
The Client: a leader in oleo-hydraulics sector.
The Problem: A factory equipped with modern machining centers with flexible automation, facing the shrinking product lifecycle and the growing product variations.
The Solution: A new way of programming machining work cycles, using the NetPP model and a reusable machining operation library, managed by L2-Machining service, linked to all the jFMX instances, controlling the machining centers.
Workplans are managed by the process planning and engineering (PPE) office and delivered to the machines, based on the production plan. Every modification made on the fly, is sent back to PPE office for validation.
Once these modifications are confirmed they're stored in the library, making them re-usable for further projects.


CHICAGO - The Cubs were one strike away from a shutout and series opening win versus the New Yankees but the baseball gods had other plans. Down 2-0 to the Cubs in the ninth inning, Yankees left fielder Brett Gardner hit a clutch 3-run 2-out homer off Cubs reliever Hector Rondon to give New York an unlikely and epic 3-2 victory. Rondon was in the game for closer Wade Davis to try to give him a day-off because of his high workload this week.
The Northsiders were 152-0 over last three seasons when entering the 9th inning with a two plus run lead and were the only team without a loss in such situations since the start of 2015 according to ESPN Stats.
The entire Cubs offense got their two runs during the ballgame with solo shots by Kris Bryant (6th overall) and Kyle Schwarber (5th overall).
The Cubs had a chance in the bottom of the ninth against Yankee closer Aroldis Chapman when an error allowed Addison Russell to reach second but Chapman worked around the error to save the game against his former team. Chapman had a memorable day at Wrigley Field on Friday afternoon as he received his 2016 World Series ring in a pre-game ceremony with the Cubs and ten got the clutch save for the Yankees to end the game.
Cubs starting pitcher Kyle Hendricks had a decent pitching performance spoiled as he received a no-decision going 5.1 innings scattering six hits and no runs with five strikeouts and two walks.
Lefty Brett Anderson will take the mound for the Cubs vs. fellow lefty starter Jordan Montgomery of the Yankees on Saturday night at 6:15 CDT and the game will be televised by FOX.


Gerd Leonhard: Who is mission control for humanity?
One of the world's top-rated futurists, Gerd Leonhard, addressed the crowd at Xerocon London 2018. Focusing on the five to 10-year future, he provided actionable foresight across society, business and technology. Gerd's provocative, yet inspiring talk questioned the opportunities and challenges that will arise from automation, AI and big data.
"We should not let Silicon Valley be the mission control for humanity. While there are many positives to AI and big data, such as helping eradicate disease and poverty by generating efficiencies, there are also risks associated with them. Technology is not something we should allow to rule our lives – we should be governing it," he warns.
"Hyperconnectivity, smart 'everything', robotisation, automation and datafication are just some of the mega-shifts we're already experiencing," Gerd comments.
These shifts can be seen as a threat to job extinction becoming an increasing possibility. But not if we take control. "The end of routines is NOT the end of our jobs," he says.
"I think we're switching to a world where the left brain will be handled by our digital assistants, and the right brain will become more important for humans," notes Gerd.
Anything that can't be digitised or automated will become far more valuable, including compassion, intuition and empathy. Core skills of industries will be disrupted and will be replaced with 'human' skills – critical thinking, creativity, complex problem-solving.
Although humorous and personal, Gerd's hard-hitting truths resonated with the Xerocon crowd. It challenged their daily concerns and questioned the very core of what it means to be human.
To his point, we need to be embracing technology, not becoming it. Utilising these advances to do new things and develop new skills, rather than just letting it take over our jobs. Machines may be better at data, but humans are better at relationships, experiences and engagement. And these values cannot be automated.
The future is better than we think so let's adopt a wider view! As Gerd puts it: develop foresight. Question your assumptions. Don't obsess over hyper-efficiency. Instead, focus on what we humans do best.


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Mamamia wins Australia's only gold at the international Native Ad Awards, crowning a year of podcast leadership
Mamamia's award-winning podcast partnership with Westpac has been awarded again, with The Split winning Australia's only gold for Best Use Of Podcast at the international Native Advertising Awards 2019 in Berlin.
Hosted by comedian Mandy Nolan, herself a twice-divorced mother of five, 'The Split' is the latest podcast manifestation of Westpac's commitment to helping people in the moments that matter.
Developed in collaboration with Westpac, Media Lab and Map and Page, the series draws on Mamamia's candid conversation with its audience to empathise, raise a smile, and guide women through what can be one of the most isolating times of their lives - separation and divorce.
With Westpac research revealing two thirds (65%) of those considering a separation were hesitant due to the fear of having to financially start over*, the evergreen content aimed to provide much needed guidance and support.
Jenny Melhuish, Head of Group Brand, Advertising & Media – Westpac Group, said: "Separating from a partner can be a really difficult time, and can often mean navigating financial challenges. Partnering with Mamamia on the The Split allowed us to provide help in a way that empowered people to tackle separation on their own terms. With downloads to date of over 92,000, we are really pleased to know we are helping in the moments that matter."
*The Westpac Finances and Separation Report, January 2019 - nationwide survey of 1,014 Australians who have gone through OR are currently going through OR are currently considering a divorce or separation in the next two years.
Mia Freedman, Co-founder and Chief Creative Officer at Mamamia, said: "The team at Westpac are experts at enabling the right balance between brand messaging that naturally integrates and content that has genuine utility for our listeners."
'The Split' follows Westpac's first podcast with Mamamia, 'Hello Bump,' a guide to all things pregnancy starring Bec Judd, which picked up the top gong for Best Branded Podcast at The Australian Podcast Awards 2018.
Mamamia is the leader in Australia when it comes to co-creating bespoke podcast series to deepen brands' emotional connection with audiences. Other bespoke podcast partners of Mamamia include Elevit and Subaru, with more in the pipeline for 2020.
The Native Ad Award crowns a stellar year for Mamamia podcasts, in which the portfolio has expanded to over 30 series, including the radio-disrupting commuter dailies of 'The Quicky' (snackable news), and 'The Spill' (snackable entertainment and pop culture). 'The Quicky' won Mumbrella's Best Podcast 2019, and No Filter, Mamamia Out Loud, Lady StartUp and Ask Me Anything have all picked up awards in Apple's charts.
Mamamia's prodigious output and quality have attracted listeners of this mainstream'ing medium in their droves. Monthly listeners have tripled since the start of 2019, with monthly listens (streams + downloads) currently averaging around 3 million (Source: Omny Studio, last 30 days to November 2019).
By The Split
<< Netflix launches a podcast for The Crown


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Ex-Port Authority head, Christie mentor fined…
Ex-Port Authority head, Christie mentor fined $11K for new ethics violation
Former Port Authority director David Sampson and his political protege Gov. Chris Christie.
AP FILE PHOTO
David Samson, former chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, center, leaves the courthouse in Newark, N.J., Monday, March 6, 2017. The former head of one of the nation's most powerful transportation agencies and a longtime mentor to Gov. Chris Christie was sentenced in March to four years of probation after admitting he pressured United Airlines to reinstate a flight route to give him easier access to his weekend home.
By trentonian | trentonian@trentonian.com |
PUBLISHED: November 17, 2017 at 3:10 p.m. | UPDATED: August 19, 2021 at 1:41 a.m.
TRENTON >> Forcing United Airlines to run a flight from Newark to South Carolina was not the only shady undertaking David Samson did during his tenure heading up the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
The convicted felon also participated in behind-closed-door discussions for the Port Authority's takeover of management operations at Atlantic City International Airport, while his law firm, Wolff & Samson, was representing the South Jersey Transportation Authority (SJTA), which owns the airport, according to a New Jersey Ethics Commission consent order that was published this month.
The Ethics Commission believes Samson, who was appointed by Gov. Chris Christie in September 2010 to serve as a Port Authority commissioner and was elected chairman in February 2011, violated the recusal rule for participating in these discussions.
Wolff & Samson was retained by SJTA in October 2010 as bond counsel and billed the authority for tax analysis and advice regarding the Atlantic City airport in 2011, according to the Ethics Commission.
Samson recused himself from the vote on March 20, 2013, but he was present during the Port Authority board's executive session discussion of the proposed takeover, the consent order states.
At the end of the presentation, Samson thanked the senior staff and said, "That's really exciting and is consistent with all our thoughts on where we are going with this exciting operation agreement," the order reads.
After the March meeting, Samson also met with reporters and discussed the Port Authority's takeover of the airport, the Ethics Commission outlines. He also told a newspaper in March 2011 that the Port Authority had been exploring a takeover of the airport since 2007, the ethics complaint indicates.
In July 2013, SJTA agreed to pay the Port Authority $500,000 per year for the agency to manage operation at the Atlantic City Airport.
This potential ethics violation had yet to come to light until the consent order was published.
Samson's other legal issue, however, has been well documented.
It was also referenced in the Ethics Commission's report.
In July 2016, Samson pleaded guilty to corruptly demanding a nonstop United route between Newark Liberty International Airport and Columbia Metropolitan Airport in South Carolina. The Port Authority head, who mentored Christie and is a former New Jersey attorney general, threatened to use his official position, including his authority to control the agenda of the board and the operations committee, to pressure United to reinstate the route – nicknamed the "chairman's flight" – so that Samson could travel more conveniently to and from his house in Aiken, S.C., the order states.
Samson, who resigned from the Port Authority on March 28, 2014 in the wake of the Bridgegate scandal, was sentenced to one year of home confinement, four years of probation, 3,600 hours of community service and a fine of $100,000.
For this offense and the lack of recusal from the Atlantic City airport takeover, the Ethics Commission felt Samson violated the Conflicts of Interest Law since he was a special state officer while serving as a commissioner of the Port Authority.
Samson disagreed, contending he was not subject to the Conflicts of Interest Law, since the Port Authority had its own Code of Ethics.
However, the Ethics Commission believes Samson should have recused himself from the Port Authority discussions concerning the takeover of the Atlantic City airport and with the press while the SJTA was a client of Wolff & Samson, the order states.
"By not recusing himself, he violated the Commission's recusal rule," the state's ethics board found.
The Commission also said Samson misused his position to pressure United Airlines to reinstate and operate an unprofitable nonstop flight between Newark and Columbia, S.C. for his personal benefit, thus violating the Conflicts of Interest Law.
Despite not admitting he was subject to the Conflicts of Interest Law, Samson acknowledged that if it was applicable, "his conduct could be construed" as violations of the Commission's recusal rule and conflicts law.
Samson ultimately agreed to pay a fine of $11,000. He signed the agreement on Sept. 22.
The Commission said the disgraced former Port Authority head did not admit guilt by paying the fine.


The quality of your HVAC installer has a direct impact on the performance of the new system and your satisfaction with it. Since new HVAC equipment is an investment, it's important to find professionals who will follow the highest standards for equipment selection and placement.
Look for a current license, insurance and bonding. They need insurance and bonding to financially protect you while they perform work on your property.
Be wary of a contractor who will give you a price over the phone without visiting your home. Selecting and installing new equipment requires an extensive analysis of your home and its site.
Choose one who has advanced certifications from the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) or North American Technician Excellence (NATE). These certifications indicate that the contractor has met more stringent qualifications and performance standards.
Work with an HVAC contractor who will run a load calculation for your home as the first step in choosing a new HVAC system. Installing equipment that's too large or small results in higher energy bills, less comfort and a shorter lifetime. Contractors use Manual J software to run this detailed calculation, and although it takes time and effort to complete, it's the only way to know the capacity of the new system matches your home as precisely as possible.
Don't select an HVAC installer based on the lowest estimate. An HVAC system lasts for at least a decade, and the immediate savings may end up costing you more in the long term. While the energy efficiency rating of the new equipment matters, a poor installation will increase energy costs and reduce the system's lifetime. If you're considering using the lowest bidder, be certain you go over the equipment specifics and the warranty coverage before signing the contract.
Look for a contractor who provides emergency service 24/7. Your comfort, and to a degree, your health, depend on staying comfortable year-round.
If you'd like more information on the importance of a top-notch HVAC installer, contact Davis Air Conditioning. Our team of NATE-certified technicians proudly serve southwestern Oklahoma homeowners.
Posted on May 21, 2015 by D Custom.


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Mennonite Reporter
Waterloo, ON: Bi-weekly. 1953–1997.
The Mennonite Reporter (also known as the Canadian Mennonite Reporter) was published bi-weekly by the Mennonite Publishing Service, Waterloo, Ontario, from 1971-1997. This English language paper sought to inform Canadian Mennonites about what was happening in the Canadian Mennonite community. Its primary audience was the General Conference Mennonite constituency, stretching primarily from Ontario to British Columbia. This group of churches is now generally known as Mennonite Church Canada. In 1997, the paper changed format and was named Canadian Mennonite. The Mennonite Reporter's predecessor was The Canadian Mennonite 1953-1970.
The index was made available thanks to Centre for Mennonite Brethren Studies volunteer Kathie Ewert.
Note: The link to a digital reproduction (PDF) of the Mennonite Reporter index for the years 1971–1996 precedes the holdings list.
Mennonite Reporter Index 1971-1996 16.7 MB
1971 1 complete
1996 26 1–23, 25


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Congress Reauthorizes Collection of User Fees for 2023
Oct 5, 2022 | FDA, Medical Devices, Registration
Breaking News: The Medical Device User Fees have just been announced for FY2023. The Annual Establishment Registration Fee is $6,493. Other fees are now listed and can be found here: https://www.fda.gov/industry/fda-user-fee-programs/medical-device-user-fee-amendments-mdufa?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery
Medical device companies with a history in the U.S. market will be familiar with the requirement to pay a user fee to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prior to registering their facility. Although the registration renewal season officially began on October 1, companies looking to complete their annual medical device facility registration for 2023 have so far been unable to do so. FDA has been unable to announce the fees for 2023 due to a delay in the required authorization from Congress. The fee portal is currently not accepting fees, offering the following message:
FDA is awaiting congressional action to provide authority to collect FY 2023 user fees under the Biosimilar User Fee Act (BsUFA), Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA), Medical Device User Fee Amendments (MDUFA) and Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) programs. As a result, FDA cannot accept FY23 coversheets for these user fee programs at this time. FDA will announce the FY 2023 user fee rates and payment instructions through Federal Register notices once legislation authorizing FDA to collect user fees for FY 2023 is signed into law.
While inconvenient for companies who prefer to fulfill their registration requirement as early as possible, existing registrations will maintain validity through the end of the year. However, this delay is problematic for first-time medical device establishment registrants who need to register in order to begin operations in the U.S. market. FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has advised that companies must wait to register their facilities until the new user fees are announced.
Other user fee-bound industries have been impacted as well, such as generic and prescription drug companies looking to pay the fees required under the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA) and Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA).
CDRH has informed our firm that Congress has reauthorized the collection of user fees in recent days, and that they expect an announcement from FDA on the 2023 user fee amounts by the end of this week. When the fee amounts are determined, FDA will publish a Federal Register notice and further update the Device Facility User Fee website.
FDAImports will continue to monitor the situation, and we plan to share the announced fees in an update to this page as soon as they become available. Please check back for updates. If you require assistance with the registration of your facility, please don't hesitate to contact our experts here.
This blog/post is provided for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, and is not intended to form an attorney-client relationship. Please contact your regular Benjamin L. England & Associates, LLC attorney contact for additional information.
Related Posts For Further Reading:
FDA's New OTC Drug Facility User Fees Announced – OMUFA Fee Not Tied to Registration Renewal Season
Registration Season is Coming! FDA has announced the Medical Device User Fees for Fiscal Year 2022
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Sibling rivalry starts with one person feeling they've been slighted. They deserved to be treated better. And expect this kind of rivalry in children - it's when we become adults that this desire to "be the star" can destroy families, churches and relationships.


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Top Things To Do This Weekend: Aug 22–24
Where to go, who to see, and what to do
By Michael Hardy August 20, 2014
Theater District Open House
Once a year, Houston's downtown theaters throw open their doors to the public with free backstage tours, live performances, food, and discount season subscriptions. This year also features a costume trunk and instrument petting zoo for the kids, and food trucks and a photo booth for the whole family. Trolleys will be available to take visitors from venue to venue—this year's participating organizations include the Alley Theatre, Da Camera, Houston Ballet, Broadway at the Hobby Center, Houston Grand Opera, the Houston Symphony, the Society for the Performing Arts, Theatre Under the Stars, and Uniquely Houston. Capping off the afternoon is a free Houston Symphony concert at 4 p.m. at Jones Hall. And make sure to stop by the Houstonia booth at the Hobby Center for a special subscription offer.
Aug 24 from noon–4. Free. Check website for schedule of events. Downtown Houston. downtownhouston.org
Dr. John & The Nite Trippers and Aaron Neville
Two of the most legendary blues musicians alive join forces in Galveston for this can't-miss show. "Voodoo boogie" popularizer Dr. John—now an actual doctor after receiving an honorary doctorate of fine arts from Tulane University last year—will play alongside fellow New Orleanian Aaron Neville. A founding member of the Neville Brothers, the R&B singer's most recent album was co-produced by Keith Richards, with some backup playing from Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.
Aug 23 at 8. $35–98. The Grand 1894 Opera House, 2020 Postoffice St., Galveston. 409-765-1894. thegrand.com
Susan Plum, "Intersection" (2007)
Texas Sculpture Group 2014: A Panoramic View
Curated by renowned East Texas–born sculptor James Surls, this exhibition features a diverse array of multimedia sculpture—ranging from bronze casting to video performances, from site-specific installations to yarn bombing—from over 80 contemporary Texas artists. The exhibition is dedicated to the memory of iconic Houston artist Bert Long Jr., who died last year at the age of 72.
Aug 22–Sept 27. Free. Lawndale Art Center, 4912 Main St. 713-528-5858. lawndaleartcenter.org
Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case
In 2011, Chinese artist and political activist Ai Weiwei was arrested and ultimately sentenced to three months of solitary detention followed by a period of Kafkaesque house arrest in which he was monitored by 18 cameras. This film documents Weiwei's struggles with sleeping disorder and memory loss during the ordeal, as well as his battle against a Chinese government lawsuit—the "fake case" of the film's title.
Aug 22–24. $9; students & seniors $7. Brown Theater, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 1001 Bissonnet St. 713-639-7515. mfah.org/films
Midtown Live: A Summer Concert
The Alley Kat Bar & Lounge in Midtown hopes to start a new tradition by playing host to three nights of musical theater and pop music by Houston-based artists and fringe theater companies, including adaptations of songs from American Idiot, Spring Awakening, and Next to Normal.
Aug 21–23 at 9. $10–20. 3718 Main St. 832-516-9167. pitchmethis.com
Theater District, Lawndale Art Center, Grand 1894 Opera, Alley Kat, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Think Outside the District: 14 Cool Museums in Greater Houston
12/12/2022 By Anna Rajagopal
HOLLY JOLLY HOUSTON
5 Major Houston Performances to Catch This Holiday Season
11/17/2022 By Sofia Gonzalez and Claire Anderson
15 Ways To Celebrate Black History Month This February
01/27/2023 By Catherine Wendlandt and Shelby Stewart
Fall Arts Guide 2022
Get Tickets Now: Houston's Upcoming Performances Look Spectacular
09/15/2022 By Holly Beretto


text:
Site languages [en] English [es] Español [fr] français [zh] 中文
Home Page About Us Front Page Proposal Papers Dossiers and Documents Videos Document Database Links Newsletter Towards the WDF Contact
Managing Territories, Cities, and the Rural World
FASE's Commitment to a Sustainable and Democratic Amazonia
Securing Common Property in a Globalizing World
Territories and Globalization: The Stakes of Development
Thirty years of Habitat I: no more neoliberal model of cities!
An Ecological Act: A Backgrounder to the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
Videos on the Seminar "What Brazil and What Amazonia Does the World Need?"
Territories: Paradigm Shifts That Need to Be Made for the Transition
Cities for All
Take Back the Land!
People's Food Sovereignty Statement
Final Declaration of the Sixth World Parliamentary Forum - Caracas 2006
For Global Reform, a Social Democratic Approach to Globalization
Declaration of the Regions on Their Participation in Governance and Globalization
Declaration of Nyéléni
Global Calling-for-help Center
Environmental Governance and Managing the Earth
Universal Declaration of Emerging Human Rights
What Europe does the world need?
Charter of the Peoples of the Earth
Participate in the Drafting and Circulation of the Charter of the Peoples of the Earth
Extreme Poverty and World Governance
Another Future Is Possible
Assemblies emerging in Turkey: a lesson in democracy
Call to Multiply the Village of Alternatives
"Guadalajara Declaration on the future of the city". A Proposal
Horacio Capel ¤ 2 December 2004
Related themes: Democratization ¤ Local development ¤ Right to housing ¤ Science and citizenship ¤ Social and economic policies ¤ Sustainable City
Translations: Español (original) . français .
From 28th November to 2nd December 2004 in Guadalajara, Mexico, an international conference was held on "The future of cities". Over the four days a series of Mexican, Argentinean, German and Spanish researchers spoke about general and specific issues on this theme. In order to take part in this Round Table conference, the chairman had asked participants to present a number of general thoughts on the topic. By publishing these ideas, the author aims to contribute to the debate on the question of cities.
Three quarters of the world's population now lives in urban areas. The problems for the future of cities are problems for the future of humanity. Cities have different dimensions; they are urbs, civitas and polis all at once. Urbanism must consider all these dimensions, and not just the physical aspect.
Urban development has until now been developed and implanted from top to bottom, when now what is required is for it to be implemented in an upward direction. Technical professionals and politicians must be attentive to the needs and demands of the people, and participation must become a basic urban development tool, in order to guarantee public debate and, through this, control over the decisions taken.
The purpose of this manifesto was drawn up by the author during the Round Table Conference. It constitutes a stance in the light of certain issues which arose in the discussion and includes a 34-point list of assertions relating to an urban development approach which gives priority to public interest, the needs of citizens, and the expression of these needs through active involvement.
Declaración de Guadalajara sobre el futuro de la ciudad. Una propuesta
ES 6p.
Google Earth: Nouakchott, Mauritania
Join the discussion on this article


text:
Q: Which interceptor is responsible to map for struts.xml configuration file in Struts2 How Struts2 controller check, we need to check our action mapping in Struts.xml file. Which Interceptor check, we need to search for our action in Struts.xml?
I mean to say, why we need to provide its name as Struts.xml? Beacuse suppose if we are gonna change its name, then we have to override cofig init-param. But for this we need to provide Struts-default.xml in param-value as first parameter. then only, I will be able to change struts.xml name.
For Example:-
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>struts-default.xml,test.xml</param-vale>
</init-param>

So I want to ask why it don't work without struts-default.xml.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: iOS missing POST data in URLRequest at least prior to 10.3 A web view with POST data does not POST the body, so I'm missing required parameters of the web view. It works fine in later versions, but does not work with 9.1.
Here is how I'm setting up my webview:
lazy var webView:WKWebView = {
    let view = WKWebView()
    let url:URL = URL(string:<MyURL>)!
    let body:String = String(format: "param1=%@&param2=%@", arguments: [getParam1(), getParam2()])
    var request = URLRequest(url:url)
    request.httpMethod = "POST"
    request.httpBody = body.data(using: .utf8)
    request.addValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "content-type")
    view.navigationDelegate = self
    view.load(request)
    view.backgroundColor = .white
    view.scrollView.delegate = self;
    return view
}()

I've confirmed that my parameters exist when I create body. I get to the page, but it displays an error message about both parameters missing.
Any idea how I can get this working with older versions?
Edit: When I add a breakpoint at the line view.navigationDlegate... and then print the description of the request, I notice requests from later and earlier versions are the same except for some expected bytes which change due to the session token on the device. The range is the exact range I would expect to differ.

A: Ahh, this appears to be a bug with the Web Kit that was fixed in iOS 11... pretty major bug, surprised they wouldn't have patched it in earlier versions.
I was really hoping to use the WKWebView instead of UIWebView in order to get better javascript performance, but looks like I'll have to settle.
https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=167131
To add on, I resolved this by adding an instance var, var webView:UIView, and in viewDidLoad, I did this:
if #available(iOS 11.0, *) {
    webView = _webView
}
else {
    webView = _webView2
}

Changed my WKWebView lazy var to _webView, added _webView2 lazy var as UIWebView, and implemented the delegates for both. This way, later iOS users get the performance benefits of WKWebView without having to increase the minimum target to 11.0 and losing iOS 9-10 users.


text:
import { moduleFor, test } from 'ember-qunit';

moduleFor('route:countries', 'Unit | Route | countries', {
  // Specify the other units that are required for this test.
  // needs: ['controller:foo']
});

test('it exists', function(assert) {
  var route = this.subject();
  assert.ok(route);
});


text:
Volkswagen to begin talks on new factory in Eastern Europe; Shortlist includes Bulgaria, Serbia and Turkey
Aurel Dragan 14/05/2019 | 16:03
Volkswagen will start final talks on a new multibrand factory in Eastern Europe, where some of the German group's car models would be produced, according to an announcement by the company following approval by the Board of Supervisors of the project and its management. The value of the investment is being estimated at approximately EUR 1 billion, according to Reuters and Automotive News.
VW will begin "concrete negotiations" for the European unit with potential locations on the list, a German group statement said. According to press reports, Bulgaria, Serbia and Turkey have the best chance to win the investment, while Romania is left off the list.
On November 18, Volkswagen AG chief Herbert Diess said the carmaker was looking for a place for a new multibrand factory in Eastern Europe, which is expected to start production after 2022.
The new Eastern European unit, which would have 5,000 employees, would produce SUVs Skoda Karoq and Seat Ateca, which are currently being manufactured in Kvasiny (Czech Republic).
Also on Monday, Volkswagen announced that it will invest nearly EUR 1 billion (USD 1.1 billion) to produce electric vehicle batteries in the Land of Lower Saxony, Germany, and will seek to simplify the group's structure by dividing or selling units.
Julia Kim appointed as the new President of Samsung Electronics Romania and Bulgaria
Preparations for the initial public offer (IPO) of its truck division, Traton, will also be resumed, after it had been postponed due to volatile market conditions.
In January, Volkswagen announced that it would produce batteries for electric vehicles and refueling stations in Germany, preparing for mass production of this type of automobile.
By 2023, the Volkswagen Group wants to invest over EUR 11 billion in electric and autonomous vehicles, digitization and mobility services.
The Volkswagen Group portfolio consists of 12 brands, including VW, Lamborghini, Skoda, Seat, Bentley, Audi and Bugatti, as well as MAN and Scania trucks.
Tags: bulgaria, new factory, SEAT, serbia, skoda, turkey, volkswagen
Biofarm inaugurates one of the most modern drug factories in Romania following an...
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Download PDF or read online: December 2021 Issue | Business Review Magazine
The December 2021 issue of Business Review Magazine is now available in digital format, featuring the main story titled "Retail 2.0: E-Commerce Goes Hand In Hand With Offline Shopping". Read it
Aurel Dragan | 22/12/2021 | 14:16
Alex Emeshev (Vivid Money): The financial startup scene is growing rapidly right now. Bucharest provides a corporate environment suitable for...
The Future of the Point of Sale is Here: Visa Pioneers Cloud-Based Payment Acceptance
Medicover Romania consolidates its services dedicated to women's health, by acquiring Mediplus Clinic


This is a brief introduction to treatment of auto accident injuries at Vital Wellness Center in Stuart and Ft. Pierce, Florida. If you've been in an auto accident, this message is for you.
Active Release Technique Our certified Active Release Technique (ART) doctors have found great success treating difficult musculoskeletal problems as well as painful nerve entrapment syndromes with this technique. ART has been used for years by professional endurance athletes like Ironman triathletes and Ultra marathon runners, but works just as well for weekend warriors.


I seen some awesome news earlier that Phoenix Live View is available to play with. I haven't had the chance to play with it yet. Maybe this weekend I will get the chance. It's still very early so expect it to change and be a bit buggy. If you don't know Phoenix Live View is a real-time server-rendering HTML. Think React or Vue but the work is done on server side.
The elixir crash course is now available. It's not an in-depth course on elixir, just enough to get you going. I hope you enjoy the course. The audio isn't as good as I had hoped but if I keep fussing with it I will never release it or make more courses. I have already taken steps to improve audio in the next course. I'm currently outlining a Phoenix course. If you have any request let me know what you would like to see the course cover or an app idea you would like to see built.
I have begin creating a small video crash course for Elixir. The course will be covering the very basics. The best way to learn something is by doing it. But with you still need some basic knowledge to understand what's going on. The idea of this course is to do that, give you the very basics. So you have a foundation to start building projects on.
I'm still new to elixir but I really love working in this language. I wanted to share a handful of libraries I found useful in my projects.


Bloodline: a gritty historic novel in regards to the Mafia in Twenties manhattan, from Edgar Award-winning writer Warren Murphy.
The Falcones are an immigrant kin dwelling in big apple urban in 1920. Their patriarch, Tony, is a revered policeman. His sons, Tommy and Mario, either served within the nice conflict and are actually upstanding citizens-a cop and a clergyman. yet their cousin Nilo has a depressing previous, and he fled to the United States after inflicting a number of deaths in a struggle in Italy.
Nilo quickly falls in with Don Maranzano, a Mafia boss who comes from his native land in Italy. Maranzano grooms Nilo as a "real property broker," yet after a couple of months, Nilo is available the opportunity to do a little severe paintings. He turns into an invaluable still-wrecker, murderer, and expert legal. The papers supply him the identify "Kid Trouble." Tommy and Mario attempt to flip a blind eye, yet it truly is not easy to conceal his underworld affiliations.
As conflicts within the urban start to erupt right into a violent struggle regarding gangsters from all components of the rustic, Tommy and Mario fight to stick out of the darkish international into which Nilo has dragged the kin. but if issues take a flip for the more serious, the Mafia could be the purely position for them to go.
Being a hefty, deaf newcomer nearly makes Will Halpin the least well known man at Coaler excessive. but if he befriends the single man much less well known than him, the dork-namic duo has the smarts and guts to determine who knocked off the superstar quarterback. Will can't listen what's happening, yet he's an excellent observer.
Good, Padre. Good. Come by my office later. " Singer turned toward the door. "Doctor? " Tommy said. " "You're still in France, Sergeant. S. Army hospital. " Tommy said. " Tommy looked toward his brother. " He saw the doctor's puzzled look. "My father," he said. " "I was a chaplain captain," Mario said. " Tommy laughed heartily for the first time in months that he could remember. "Tell that to Papa," he said. * * * NILO SESTA STOOD for a moment, looking down at the bodies of the two Selvini brothers, surprised at the quantity of blood that poured from their bodies, streaming now, forming a puddle halfway across the alley.
Singer asked the priest. " "Good, Padre. Good. Come by my office later. " Singer turned toward the door. "Doctor? " Tommy said. " "You're still in France, Sergeant. S. Army hospital. " Tommy said. " Tommy looked toward his brother. " He saw the doctor's puzzled look. "My father," he said. " "I was a chaplain captain," Mario said. " Tommy laughed heartily for the first time in months that he could remember. "Tell that to Papa," he said. * * * NILO SESTA STOOD for a moment, looking down at the bodies of the two Selvini brothers, surprised at the quantity of blood that poured from their bodies, streaming now, forming a puddle halfway across the alley.
What had seemed a good idea at the time, now that he was here, now seemed the act of an idiot bent on suicide. It was so dark here in the trenches that Tommy could barely see or hear the man in front of him. It was important to be quiet, they had been told. They were going to surprise the Boche as soon as it was light. The Marines had come stripped for action: no extra clothing, no extra packs, just what they were wearing—their rifles, their bayonets, and small combat packs. Tommy Falcone checked his equipment and again wished he were not there.


Xinorbis is a simple but powerful hard disk analyser. Using a sophisticated mix of graphs, tables and tree displays, it gives the user a complete overview of the contents of a hard disk, folder, removable or network drive. It makes it easy to see the contents, structure and file distribution and file composition of a whole hard disk, directory, or mapped network drive. Includes full report creation. Xinorbis includes user documentation, has a good response time and runs on a moderate amount of CPU and system memory. No error dialogs have been shown in our tests and the application did not hang or crash. Furthermore, you can define your own categories by specifying the file types, so you can find out their number, size and location on the hard drive. But you may also locate duplicate items and delete the copies to free up some space on the disk, as well as view files according to their age and remove the oldest ones that you don't need anymore. Reports can be exported to an external file for further analysis. They may have the CSV, HTML, TXT or Xinorbis format.
Xinorbis is available for download with an installer, the recommended option, or as a ZIP archive for expert users who want more control; installing Xinorbis on to a USB flash drive. Several additions have been made to Xinorbis to make it operate more efficiently as a "portable application", for more information see the help pages.


In American Higher Education, retention and graduation rates have grown in their prominence as institutional quality indicators. Yet, when measures are interrogated for parity across racial groups, inequity in outcomes is apparent. The purpose of this study is to examine how leadership plays a role in encouraging the attainment of equitable student success outcomes for minoritized undergraduate students at a public-liberal arts university. The single, instrumental case study investigated one institution where equitable outcomes exist. To understand this particular phenomenon, decisions and actions of a president and a presidentially appointed planning committee were analyzed using Astin and Leland's (1991) leadership model as a theoretical framework. Findings highlight that institutional health, a student-centered strategic plan, a clear presidential narrative, and collective action through effective shared governance were relevant for understanding how improvement occurred. The findings reveal that focused leadership processes centered on improved student success outcomes can propel progress toward equity. By viewing, the leader, the context, and the process that contributed to the student success outcomes, the study contributes understanding of what makes a difference in successfully leading institution toward equitable student success outcomes.


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HHS Takes Action to Break Language Barriers
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WCMS Interpreter Network Launches SPEAK-WNC
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Hidden in Plain Sight — Reconsidering the Use of Race Correction in Clinical Algorithms
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2022 Dr. Brian Ling Memorial Scholarships Announced
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'Very, very pressing matter' NC bill seeks to 'de-weaponize' medical debt
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UNC Asheville to Award Honorary Degree to Jeff Heck, physician and former CEO of MAHEC
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How local health care workers are tackling burnout
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A Legacy for Healthcare in Western NC
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Gratitude for Doctors on Doctors' Day
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WCMS Announces New Leadership
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Project Access® Network to include McDowell, Mitchell and Yancey Counties
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WCMS and Partners Create Coalition to Support Access to Colorectal Cancer Screening and Treatment
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MAHEC Welcomes New CEO on February 7
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"Legal Professionals Serving the Legal Profession"
U GOT SERVED, LLC is a premier Paralegal and Process Service that offers services in Miami, Broward, West Palm Beach, Statewide, Nationwide as well as International. We strive to achieve results that exceed expectations through our commitment to satisfy our clients. We value our clients' legal business by handling complex and sophisticated matters locally and nationally with the highest degree of integrity and efficiency. Being accessible and responsive by utilizing the most up to date processes and technology available in the industry sets U GOT SERVED, LLC apart from our competitors.
Service of Process is a pretty straight-forward business as governed by Title VI, Chapter 48 of the Florida Statutes.
However, at U GOT SERVED, LLC, we have over 30 years of combined experience in the legal field as paralegals and process servers thus we know the importance of accuracy and timeliness of service of process.
We offer paralegal support to our clients to ensure their success, as well as ours.
U GOT SERVED, LLC, process server was founded upon confidentiality, accuracy, and service. Our policy is to provide the best of those qualities to our clients. U GOT SERVED, LLC has earned and maintains a reputation for professionalism and excellence. We provide services not only in West Palm Beach and South Florida, but throughout the entire state and nation as well. That reputation has been built through a determined effort to provide our clients with the most prompt and accurate process services available.
When choosing a process server, it is imperative that you select a company that will not only ensure the job is executed property, but that will keep you updated throughout every step of the process, always ensuring the utmost professionalism and integrity. Processing legal documents is a time-sensitive matter, which needs to be performed quickly and with the highest degree of care. You cannot entrust your documents to just anyone. You need a well-respected, reputable firm on your side, always maintaining the lines of communication completely open so there is no confusion or lack of awareness with regards to the process.
If you require assistance serving a Subpoena, Summons, or any other legal documentation, or with filing court papers, U GOT SERVED, LLC is here to help ensure all your needs are not only met, but exceeded well beyond your expectations. U GOT SERVED, LLC was founded by Johanna E. O'neill Rivera with the goal of ensuring clients obtain superior processing service from experienced and trained legal professionals. If you turn to U GOT SERVED, LLC for assistance, you can expect top-quality and conscious service from professionals that are here to execute your legal matters swiftly and accurately.
U GOT SERVED, LLC also specializes in both Residential and Commercial Evictions. We not only serve the Three-Day Notice along with the Eviction Summons and Complaint, we provide paralegal services to our qualified legal clients in drafting complaints, Motions for Entry of Default, Motions for Entry of Final Judgment, and Writ of Possessions. In some cases, U GOT SERVED, LLC drafts Stipulation Agreements and Motions for Entry of Final Judgment due to Non-Compliance with Stipulation Agreement.


text:
Pirates fires on U.S. helicopter off Somali coast
www.chinaview.cn 2009-08-28 00:38:51 Print
WASHINGTON, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- Somali pirates holding a hijacked ship off the coast of Somalia fired at a U.S. Navy helicopter, the U.S. Navy said Thursday.
The U.S. Naval Forces Central Command said in a statement that a group of pirates aboard the M/V Win Far, a vessel hijacked on April 6, fired "a large caliber weapon" at a U.S. SH-60B helicopter, which was conducting a surveillance flight over the ship.
No one was injured and the helicopter, which is based on the USS Chancellorsville, was not hit, according to the statement.
The incident highlights the ongoing piracy problem in that region even as U.S. and coalition ships patrol the waters to deter pirates.
Piracy off Somalia's coast and the Gulf of Aden has become an urgent global concern recently. Many countries have joined an international naval effort to deal with the challenges in the region.
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This is a highly nutritious, flavorful soup with plenty of fiber, minerals and vitamins. If you substitute this soup in place of lunch or dinner once a day, you will find yourself feeling better, less bloated, and a few pounds lighter!
Here are a few tips to help keep your immune system in tip-top shape!


State of the Union address: Can Nancy Pelosi rescind Donald Trump's invitation?
Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi on Wednesday asked President Donald Trump to delay the State of the Union address because of the ongoing partial government shutdown.
While Pelosi's letter was a suggestion to delay the speech or for Trump to submit it in writing, she stopped short of disinviting the president to give the speech in the well of the House chamber, as has been the tradition.
The invitation to address a joint session of Congress is technically a House resolution that sets aside a day and time for the president to come to the Capitol and address a joint session of Congress.
A joint session of Congress means both the members of the House of Representatives and the members of the Senate are together in one chamber to hear a speaker.
Because the speech involves a joint session, both the House and the Senate must pass resolutions to OK the joint session.
The passing of the resolutions, in essence, constitutes an invitation from both the speaker of the House and the Senate majority leader for the president to appear before both chambers of Congress.
So far, neither the House nor the Senate has passed such a resolution that invites the president to give the State of the Union address on Jan. 29.
Can Pelosi keep Trump from delivering the address?
Yes, she can in that she controls when a vote comes to the House floor. Pelosi could hold back the vote on the resolution to create a day and time for the president to speak, and prevent him from addressing House members.
Doesn't the president have to give the speech?
Until 1913, presidents submitted reports to Congress. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with that tradition and began giving a public address. Since then, the address has been a yearly occurrence, usually in January, that is given before a joint session of Congress and is televised.
Pelosi suggested in her letter that Trump submit the address in writing to the House.


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Universal Corporation Announces Quarterly Dividend – News Nation USA
RICHMOND, Va., Nov. 3, 2021 /PRNewswire/ — George C. Freeman, III, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Universal Corporation (NYSE:UVV), announced today that the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of seventy-eight cents($0.78) per share on the common shares of the Company, payable February 7, 2022, to common shareholders of record at the close of business on January 10, 2022.
Universal Corporation (NYSE: UVV), headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, is a global business-to-business agri-products supplier to consumer product manufacturers, operating in over 30 countries on five continents. We strive to be the supplier of choice for our customers by leveraging our farmer base, our commitment to a sustainable supply chain, and our ability to provide high-quality, customized, traceable, value-added agri-products essential for our customers' requirements. We find innovative solutions to serve our customers and have been meeting their agri-product needs for more than 100 years. Our principal focus since our founding in 1918 has been tobacco, and we are the leading global leaf tobacco supplier. Through our plant-based ingredients platform, we provide a variety of value-added manufacturing processes to produce high-quality, specialty vegetable- and fruit-based ingredients as well as flavorings and extracts for the food and beverage end markets. For more information, visit www.universalcorp.com.
View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/universal-corporation-announces-quarterly-dividend-301415731.html
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Q: Hide password with "•••••••" in a textField In my app there is a textField where the user have to put is password in and i want that when he enter a character it change it to '•' how can i do this?

A: in Swift 3.0 or Later
passwordTextField.isSecureTextEntry = true

A: For SwiftUI, try
TextField ("Email", text: $email)
    .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle()).padding()
SecureField ("Password", text: $password)
    .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle()).padding()

A: You can achieve this directly in Xcode:

The very last checkbox, make sure secure is checked .
Or you can do it using code:
Identifies whether the text object should hide the text being entered.
Declaration
optional var secureTextEntry: Bool { get set }

Discussion
This property is set to false by default. Setting this property to true creates a password-style text object, which hides the text being entered.
example:
texfield.secureTextEntry = true

A: Programmatically (Swift 4 & 5)
self.passwordTextField.isSecureTextEntry = true

A: Swift 4 and Xcode Version 9+
Can be set via "Secure Text Entry" via Interface Builder

A: In Xcode 6.3.1, if you use a NSTextField you will not see the checkbox for secure.
Instead of using NSTextField use NSSecureTextField
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nssecuretextfield
I'm guessing this is a Swift/Objective-C change since there is now a class for secure text fields.  In the above link it says Available in OS X v10.0 and later.  If you know more about when/why/what versions of Swift/Objective-C, Xcode, or OS X this

A: You can do this by using properties of textfield from Attribute inspector
Tap on Your Textfield from storyboard and go to Attribute inspector , and just check the checkbox of "Secure Text Entry" SS is added for graphical overview to achieve same