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by Richard Florida
Thu May 5th 2011 at 10:15am UTC
Building America's Third Great Job Machine
My oped in today's Financial Times makes a case for a radical approach to solving America's jobs problem—upgrading low wage service jobs.  Here's a longer, original version of that piece, including the critical chart (immediately below) compiled by my colleagues at the Martin Prosperity Institute.  The chart tracks the rise and fall of four broad classes of work – agricultural work (farm), industrial work (manuf), knowledge-based and creative work (CC), and routine low-wage service work (LWS) – from 1800 through 2009.
As the American economy has evolved and transformed, the nature of its great job machine has also shifted. Understanding these historical changes can help us better understand the broad sources of employment growth and what we need to do to revamp America's stalled job machine today.
The first American job machine was organized around farms and agricultural employment. More than four in ten Americans worked on farms in 1800. Another 20 percent or so worked in manufacturing.
The second great American job machine took hold during the mid-19th century, propelled by the surge in manufacturing. By late in the century, some 60 percent of the workforce had been absorbed in industrial jobs while agricultural work dropped to roughly ten percent of employment. Industrial and blue-collar manufacturing jobs would power America's economic and employment growth for the better part of the next century, until roughly1950. But for most of those years, it was low-wage, long-day, dirty and dangerous work—it wasn't until the Great Depression, the New Deal, and post WW II prosperity that blue-collar jobs became good, family supporting jobs.
America – along with the rest of the advanced nations – is now in the early throes of a third great economic transformation and a third great job machine. Against the backdrop of a massive decline in once high-paying blue collar manufacturing jobs which is eerily similar to the decline of agricultural jobs a century or so ago, this third transformation is creating not one overall, but two distinct categories of jobs and employment.
The first category includes millions of the best jobs America has ever seen: high-pay, high-skill jobs in knowledge-based professional and creative fields. Almost a third of American workers now have these kinds of jobs, which pay more than double most manufacturing jobs and which have been rather impervious to unemployment. When unemployment among production workers climbed to more than 15 percent and surged above 20 percent for construction workers, unemployment among professional, technical and creative workers never got much above five percent.
But the second category, which comprises such routine service work as personal care assistants and home health care aids, retail sales clerks and food preparers—is not-so-good. In fact, the pay for these jobs is roughly half that of manufacturing jobs. The result is as simple as it is tragic: a startling bifurcation of the job market and an increasingly unequal and divided society. Once we see this, it becomes clear that neither of the two most commonly cited prescriptions—the counter-cyclical approach to job creation by boosting investment and demand, or the path of educating more people for higher-paying knowledge-based jobs – can work.
The numbers don't add up. At best these strategies can take care of only about half to two-thirds of America's jobs problem. The reality is that  more than 60 million people, or about 45 percent of the work-force, are already toiling in low-wage service jobs which will remain low wage jobs even if and when the economy expands. And it's those very job categories that are growing the fastest —the US economy is expected to add another 7-10 million of them in the coming decade.
A successful jobs strategy must focus centrally on upgrading the content and improving the wages of this entire job category. That is what happened a century ago, when public policy shifted to protect workers' rights, and line jobs in manufacturing, once considered dirty and dangerous and impossible to upgrade, became high-paid work.
One of the advantages of service work is that it's not vulnerable to off-shoring or automation; we need human beings to care for our young children and our aging parents, to cut our hair and steam our lattes and maintain our houses. And then there's this: service work and service workers are not just a necessary cost of doing business, part of the overhead, but a potential profit center. Service workers can produce real value and there's no reason that they can't have real careers.
A month or so ago, I met with Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh and his top executives and toured Zappos' facilities outside of Las Vegas. Zappos not only pays its employees a living wage, more importantly it enables them to move up through the ranks of its internal career ladder. I met many workers who had done just that. Zappos views its workers as a source of innovation and its culture and community as a mechanism for delivering better service to customers. Now, Hsieh and his team are moving their headquarters to downtown Las Vegas where they are aiming to develop a mixed use neighborhood that will have more affordable housing options for its workers, strengthening community but also allowing their pay checks to stretch further.
At the inaugural meeting of his Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, President Obama said he wanted to make "certain that working families across the country are sharing in growing productivity and that we're not simply creating an economy in which one segment of it is doing very well, but the rest of the folks are out there treading water.�
To deliver on that promise, the President is focusing on better education and training as a pathway to get more Americans into higher paid knowledge work. His Startup America Partnership is a great way to encourage the formation of businesses which are the engines of job creation, but now he needs to launch a major national effort to make the upgrading of service jobs a key prong of America's next great job machine. He can start by convening a national initiative, calling on companies like Zappos and other leading service innovators from Starbucks and Whole Foods to REI and the Container Store—as well as unions, workers' organizations, and researchers—to distill the very best practices and strategies for turning the millions of service jobs we have now and that we will continue to create in the future into the innovative and engaging, higher-paying, family-supporting jobs Americans deserve.
But giant companies like Zappos and Whole Foods are only a small part of the picture. Most service firms are smaller, mom-and-pop operations. To bring them into the 21st century, the administration should develop strategies to help these smaller firms learn the advantages of seeing workers as sources of innovation and productivity gains. This could be a modest, low cost public-private partnership, involving universities, community colleges and industry groups, modeled perhaps along the lines of the old Agricultural and Manufacturing Extension programs. The administration should also consider using incentives to encourage companies to upgrade service jobs, which would have the added benefit of improving the overall productivity of the highly fragmented service sector – the last great frontier of inefficiency in advanced economies—lifting the productivity of the economy overall, while boosting wages and lifting consumer demand.
This wouldn't come for free. All of us would have to pay a little more to the people who clean our homes, take care of our kids and aging parents, cut our hair, and sell us our clothes. This is exactly what we did a half century ago to spur recovery, when we agreed to pay more to the workers who made our cars and appliances and were building our homes. The costs are so modest and widely spread that they are unlikely to derail any recovery. And the payoffs in terms of productivity gains and increased demand are surely worth it.
It can be done. It has to be done.
Tags: jobs, Whole Foods, Zappos
This entry was posted on Thursday, May 5th, 2011 at 10:15 am and is filed under Work. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
6 Responses to "Building America's Third Great Job Machine"
R.A. Student Says:
I wonder what Jacobs would say about this. Based on "Cities and the Wealth of Nations", I would think that your suggestion would be described as a transfer payment. As fair and moral as those are, her import replacement model would not seem to support your assertions.
Money that would have flowed into capital formation or R&D, would be forced to flow to worker compensation, disrupting the import replacement cycle, according to JJ that is.
Seems also to correspond with the decline of manufacturing. As soon as those jobs paid livable wages, they began to dissapear (circa 1930-1940). In other words, as soon as workers forced their compensation to rise, the import replacement cycle broke down and manufacturing declined (just like a city does when it imposes to many transfer payments (or forces advanced-backward trade, or engages in unrelenting military expenditures).
Now, that said, service jobs may be different because they really cant diffuse like manufacturing jobs can and did. So… perhaps this the import replacement cycle model laid out by jacobs is not relevant to this industry. Although I think Redbox may have shown that automation is a much more serious threat than you are thinking. Have you toured any Blockbusters lately?
Isidoros Kyrlangitses Says:
May 5th, 2011 at 4:17 pm
Sounds like a simple solution… "enforcing and raising minimum wage"
Enforcement would get rid of the loop holes to circumventing minimum wage; Contract workers, changing titles to management, and undocumented work.
Raising minimum wage raises how much we value everyone's time, and as I witnessed in Denmark this passed fall… there's an unexpected outcome. Minimum wage in Denmark is around $18/hr. Because payroll is so expensive, few people compete on price of products. What's the difference between the $5 dollar domestic product and the $3 import when you are paying $18 to the person selling it? When price becomes less of a factor domestic products become more competitive as they focus on market needs. It was amazing to see a country of just 5 million producing domestic apparel, furniture, bicycles, toys, windmills, etc.
Scott Watkins Says:
I'd have to agree with R.A. Student here, with the corollary that rising wages would encourage automation. A fair number of service jobs could very well be automated or 'productivised' out of existence.
There's an A&W restaurant downtown on Yonge street in Toronto with a kiosk next to the line-up which can take your order, upsell you and suggest combos, and take your payment. All the counter staff have to do when you get to the counter is give you the food, which is not far off what a vending machine could do.
There are call centers in the US that process drive-thru orders from fast-food establishments anywhere in the country. One operator can handle several lines. See the vending machine angle above for what could happen to food delivery.
Blockbuster failed not just because of Redbox kiosks, but because of Netflix and other online operators. No direct human interaction involved.
Many major retail stores have large sections of their checkout counters replaced by self-checkout systems. One clerk now deals only with exceptional cases, doing the work of 4 to 6.
There is a hospital in the UK where most orderly activities, such as transporting food, medicines, equipment, laundry, and garbage have been replaced by a fleet of robots.
The elderly in Japan are increasingly having elements of their care supplemented by robots in their homes monitoring their condition and reminding them of basic tasks.
In each of these areas there will be a few people who could easily make a better wage for what they do. But it will come at the expense of many additional jobs.
So yes. Service industry jobs can be made to pay better, without a loss of profit. But what do we do when over half of those who used to do those jobs are now unemployed?
May 6th, 2011 at 11:16 am
When I worked as a reference librarian in a very wealthy suburb of Cleveland, I had an older woman come in to say that she'd recently been widowed and that since her husband had taken care of the financials, she was unsure what she was supposed to pay her new cleaning lady. So I showed her in the Occupational Outlook Handbook what the salary of a typical cleaning person was, and she blanched. "Oh my God. That's it? How can anyone live on that?" "I'm sure she'd appreciate it if you paid her a little more," I said.
joana johnson Says:
Not all cleaning ladies are desperately poor or unhappy. I know at least one who is not. The lady who cleans my home and cares for my children when I work earns $11.00 an hour. If she charged me any more, I would not afford her services and we would both be out of a job. If she doesn't work for me, I cannot go to work myself.
So, this lady works hard at three different (maybe more, actually) places. She works while her son is at school and takes home more than her husband. She saves money and now has bought a home in the suburbs and drives a Lexus she bought from a financially distressed yuppie couple. She's originally from rural Mexico, the oldest of 11 children. Her father did not want his daughters to learn to read because it was a waste of time and would expose them to too much of the world. She married very young and came to US with her husband years ago. She is a US citizen now and her ten year old wants to become a pediatrician when he grows up. This woman's life, so much better than the life her mother had, is full and she's happy. I love her because she treats my children well and also because I am able to have a professional life because of her help. Our relationship seems win/win. She's happy. I'm happy. I wish more women had the opportunities she has had– to make a life in a place where she and her children can rise socially and economically. And I also feel very lucky because I can put my good education to use doing work I love because of her help.
Wish not to be identified Says:
I think Canadian Employers can learn from their American Counterparts. Yes, automation will displace people, however, there will always be entrepreneurs out there creating the next future companies.
My experience has been with the lack of respect and appreciation in Canadian Companies for Individuals. Its not the type of job you do, its how your employer treats you at the end of the day period. I have worked at 15 companies and can say without a hint of prejudice that all companies function the same way. There is no high fives in the office, constantly checking you have worked your 40 hours and not a minute less, constantly on your back for doing more etc…No thank you, or great job! That is why we have such a high turnover at companies because we are treated like commodities, the next guy/gal that comes in we can pay less and do more. It is this mentality that will kill the employment picture. We need companies like zappos to start in Canada in a hurry.
The other problem with jobs in Canada is the lack of creativity involved in doing your job. Its more of a production line mentality even inside the office. There is no sense of cohesiveness, team participation and commitment on the part of the employer to train, participate or move up, its a doggy dog world. We are all creatives yet we are not utilizing not 1% of it in the workplace.
Funny thing is that in my current position I am doing my best in getting fired but its been two months and my employer still hasn't fired me. I hate this place and job with a passion, yet I'm still there because if I quit I will not qualify for unemployment. What a system!
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I know. I'm sorry. I had to. Usually puns are the worst but with Stan Lee involved, I feel like there is a little leeway. And don't judge too much. After watching this trailer, you'll be making spider puns all the way to your preorder for The Amazing Spider-Man too.
As we all know, the film with possibly the most pressure on it this summer because it falls between The Avengers and The Dark Knight Rises is The Amazing Spider-Man. Luckily for Spidey though, there is nowhere nearly as much pressure on the movie tie-in game. Why?
Because Beenox has produced two high quality Spider-Man games over the last two years and they are going back to the formula that revolutionized super hero gameplay by bringing Spidey back to an open New York City. But Spidey isn't coming by himself.
When pre-orders began for The Amazing Spider-Man, fans of Spider-Man and comics in general were granted an experience like they had never been given the opportunity to before… to play as Stan "The Man" Lee. And luckily, Stan has gotten a drastic upgrade to his physical capabilities.
Thus far, Beenox has proven their love of working on the Spider-Man franchise between Spider-Man: Edge of Time and Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions. Between the alternate versions of Spider-Man and the original takes on some of his villains, Beenox has shown a deep understanding and respect for the character. Now, they face a new challenge with the tie-in to the Amazing Spider-Man movie. While some major points of their story are often dictated by the events of the movie, Beenox has chosen to open the world up to players much like the previous developer Treyarch had done but has taken steps to improve on their much beloved formula.
In previous titles when a player shot their web, players were forced to let the game instinctually choose an appropriate target for them to sling off of. This was also the case in combat where the foe most often closely centered in the screen became the default target for Spidey to aim at. Now, Beenox has decided to give this control to the player instead with the feature they call the Web Rush for the Amazing Spider-Man game.
Using the Web Rush, time slows down for players, presumably to represent Spider-Man's hyper-fast reflexes like it was seen in Sam Rami's Spider-Man film where Peter Parker dodged the bullying of Flash Thompson. During this slow down, players are given all possible targets on screen where they can aim themselves. This can be a great resource for strategically setting themselves into different combat situations.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Bacon and Eggheads flagship series brings together Parliamentarians with experts across science and engineering, showcasing outstanding Canadian research accomplishments. Its purpose is to provide unbiased insight into topical scientific issues, within a non-partisan forum in which lobbying is not permitted. This prestigious forum represents a unique opportunity for scientists to communicate important findings to a distinguished and influential audience, which includes key decision-makers. The series is organized by PAGSE, an umbrella group of 25 + science and engineering organizations operating under the auspices of the Royal Society, and is cosponsored by NSERC.
Letter sent January 2012 to The Honourable Christian Paradis (Minister of Industry & Minister of State (Agriculture)) addressing CCUBC concerns regarding post graduate scholarship funding from NSERC. Letter in PDF - Letter as a Word document . We would urge everyone to use this letter in your advocacy for this important initiative. Hopefully it can generate further discussion and advocacy within our departments, faculties and universities. Please feel free to also forward it on to your local MPs, or better still, attempt to set up a meeting with them to discuss.
The Momentum Report from the AUCC.
CCR: Consortium Welcomes Budget Recognition of Basic Research, Stresses that More Needs to be Done.


Grief is a mysterious process. Tragedy and loss are effortlessly dramatized, examined then forgotten once headlines and people move on. But its aftermath, mourning, often goes unrecognized. On Them Spirits, AKUA lays that aftermath bare.
The London, Ontario-born, formerly Toronto/Montreal-based artist, now settled in LA, lost her father in 2012. His death had barely emotionally registered when the vocalist, songwriter and producer caught the ear of Solange as an opening act for her Montreal show. Within a week she was touring the world with her, singing backup vocals. But profound grief simmered beneath. In 2016, AKUA left the band to focus on her own music. The hard-fought result is Them Spirits, a cathartic, unsparing seven-song album that does a deep dive into the many stages of loss.
Many of the songs started as undeveloped tracks written on the road and recorded sparsely on Ableton. With the help of co-producer Alex Talan, AKUA transformed the original ideas with analog and vintage gear. Each track has layers of atmospheric texture, with a sombre and entrancing hushed quality throughout the record. AKUA's vocals are visceral in their anguish. On Heaven, her airy voice and the slippery curves in her words make the lyrics difficult to decipher at times. Yet in an album drenched in pain, the muddled quality makes sense.
Her father's death is the backdrop, but romantic disillusionment figures just as prominently on tracks like My Body, Queen and particularly Righteous Way, in which the desire for vengeance on a former lover/friend is only buffered by the remembrance of her father's wise words to take the high road.
The album's melancholy is often unsettling, amplified by a ruminating pace and mood. The single respite is If, a charming track that finds her peeking out from under grief to acknowledge love's healing possibilities. To Show ends things on a striking note. Just the singer and her guitar, her voice pitched down, spinning on a loop with found sounds whirling around it, the song becomes more hypnotic and meditative with each listen.


text:
In Memory of James A Kromschroeder
Celebration of Life this summer
James Allen Kromschroeder, age 65, died Monday, February 15, 2021 at his home in Hudson, Wisconsin.
Jim was born to Roy and Lorraine (Priefer) Kromschroeder in St. Paul, on October 14, 1955. He grew up on the eastside of St. Paul and, after graduating from Harding High School, went on to serve in the United States Navy.
After retiring from 3M in 2002, Jim had more time to tend to his yard and tinker in his pole barn. On April 8, 2003, Jim was united in marriage to Susan Walther in Las Vegas, NV. The two enjoyed spending time with their family and six grandchildren.
Jim was all about friends, motorcycles, and custom cars, a passion which he dedicated much of his free time to. He loved the yearly pilgrimages to the Sturges Motorcycle Rally on one of his many Harleys, local bike runs, and other trips he took with his friends and family. When not on his bike, he enjoyed camping at Pike Bay on Cass Lake, a place he frequented both as a young man and later with his own family.
Jim will forever remain in the hearts his wife of 17 years, Susan; son, Nick (Jennifer) Kromschroeder; daughter, Alicia (Ryan) Bueckers; grandchildren: Abby, Skylar, Brey, Katie, RJ, and Gigi; brother, Jerry Kromschroeder; Sister Jan (Harry) Braaten and many nieces, nephews, friends, and extended family. Jim is preceded in death by his parents; and sister-in-law, Sherry Kromschroeder.
A Celebration of Life for Jim will be 2:00-5:00pm on May 22, 2021 at The Village Inn, in North Hudson, WI. A Memorial Car and Motorcycle Run will be happen starting at Noon from Big Guy's BBQ. The run will stops at Meister's in Boardman, Willower River Saloon in Burkhardt, and pass by Jim's house on the way back to the Village Inn.
Cards and memorials may be sent for the Kromschroeder family to the O'Connell Family Funeral Home, 520 S. 11th Street, Hudson, WI. 54016.
James A's Tribute Wall
Tributes (6):
Please note: if you just submitted a tribute, it is pending approval.
Kathy & Mooner says:
Mooner and Kathy express their deepest condolences to Sue and family. We will miss him greatly. Our prayers are with all of you with love
Tim McDonough says:
I grew up with Jim and shared countless adventures with him . Never a dull moment hanging out with 'Krom' ! Reflecting back now , I am amazed at how much our childhood and young adult friendship influenced my life . At a very early age Roy and Loraine took me in as part of the family, making their 6 th st home feel like a second home , sharing meals and bringing me along on Pike Bay camping trips. When I was 25 Loraine helped introduce me to Betsy, planting the seed that has grown into 40 years of happiness.
I bought my first bike from Jim and was quickly hooked on touring, racking up some unforgettable rides with Betsy.
Jim lived an exceptionally exciting life. I remember saying many times " man, you need to write a book!"
I hope you did.
R.I.P. brother
Jim Dufour says:
Barb and I were shocked and saddened to hear about Jim. 20 years of working with Jim I always liked and respected him. So sorry for your loss Sue, your in our thoughts and prayers.
Cathy Fulton says:
Sue and Jim are family to us. No words can express the loss of such a good friend, great person and we will always keep Jim near in our hearts with our many memories. We cherish the many trips and adventures we've shared together over the years. May God comfort you Sue. And may Jim be at peace in the arms of our Lord. We love you.
Cathy and Ron
Jan Braaten says:
You were my little brother, Jimmy. I loved you. You were the original Wild Child who loved adventures and always lived life to the fullest. You will be missed by so very many friends and family. You have left a wonderful, lasting legacy in your blended family, and we will all live our lives for ourselves and for you. I will miss you,
Troy Fisher says:
I think my 1st recollection of him is when I was 11 years old up in Onamia at a softball tournament. Ended up hunting with him when I was 13 or 14 years old. Also worked with Him and Sue at 3M for 7-8 years. Still have a gun cabinet I bought from him in about 1997. He was a great guy the world is a lesser place without him in it. Rest in peace my friend!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Over / Under is a betting option on the total number of goals to be achieved in a sporting event. Players have two options. To choose Under 2.5 goals (no goal scoring, 1 goal, or 2 goals) or Over 2.5 goals (3 goals or more). The most common match totals goal line found on every online betting site. If three or more goals are scored you win the over bet and lose the under 2.5. If there are less than three goals, the opposite applies. The margins for over/under bets are most commonly presented as decimal values. The over/under totals are set at 0.5 intervals to ensure that a bet will produce a result. In other words, the total number of goals scored in a match will always be over or under the specified margin. There's possibly nothing more satisfying than after doing your homework and backing Over 2.5 Goals in a game, you watch in excitement as two early goals are scored. A third goal, and a winning bet, is almost inevitable. But then you watch in horror as the crossbar is struck, a penalty is missed, and both sides decide enough is enough and play the remainder of the game at a snail's pace.The Special Nature of 2.5 goals The particularly interesting thing about 2.5 goals is that it is the exact average number of goals scored in football matches across the world.Footballer CelebratingSo we are talking about a very even market in general and something that should provide a nice 50/50 bet.Now of course it depends very much on the teams and their styles of playing as to what odds you will actually get.In matches where the teams are defensively-minded and tend to produce low scoring matches, then you will tend to get below evens – or 2.0 in decimal terms – for there to be under 2.5 goals.In low-scoring leagues such as the French, Greek and Portuguese leagues, you will often get under 2.5 goals to be as low 1.6 or 1.5 – so a strong likelihood that there will be less than 2.5 goals.But in high scoring leagues such as the Dutch leagues and German Bundesliga, the odds for under 2.5 goals will often be 2.3 or above.And then if you look at teams like Barcelona or Real Madrid, the under 2.5 goals will often be 5.0 or above. Let's face it – how many games involving either of those teams have two goals or less? Not many! What Does Under 2.5 Goals Mean? In order for Under 2.5 Goals to win, less than 3 goals have to be scored. This can be 0-0, 1-0, 0-1, 2-0, 0-2 or 1-1. What Does Over 2.5 Goals Mean? In order for Over 2.5 Goals to win, 3 goals or more have to be scored in the match. This can be any number of goals, 2-1, 3-0, 6-0, anything, as long as 3 goals or more are scored. The Over/Under 2.5 Goals market is a 90 minutes (plus injury time) only bet. This means extra-time in cup matches, etc, is not included. With an Over/Under bet type, you select whether the combined total score of both teams (or players) will be over or under a nominated score. If the total number scored is equal to the nominated score, the bet stake is refunded, however the nominated number is usually set to eliminate this possibility.Most regular football punters will have heard of the term "over 2.5 goals" or "under 2.5 goals", but what exactly does this mean?Basically, you are betting on whether the total goals scored in a match (excluding any extra time that may be played) will be above or below the level of 2.5 goals.Below we explain how it works in more detail and look at some strategies for betting and trading the over/under 2.5 market. The Over/Under bet type in Soccer is split into 4 specific bet types with the nominated number of goals pre-determined as part of the bet type. Each type uses .5 of a goal to eliminate the possiblity of a draw.In each case the object of the bet is to select whether the total number of goals in the match will be over or under the specified number of goals. Resulted at 90 minutes plus injury time, extra time is not included. When you are picking a football bet, there are my things to take into consideration. Firstly I like to look at the form of the two teams that are playing in the game I'm looking at. As one of the teams may be in great form and the other may be struggling. Just looking at the form can also be misleading as one team may have just played all the top teams in the league, and the others may have played all the bottom teams. So I always have a look at who the teams have played during their last 5/6 games. Once I have had a detailed look at the two teams form, I will then have a look at the head to head records between the two teams. I do this because some teams love to play against certain teams, and some teams love playing at certain grounds. Teams can be in great form but have a dreadful record when playing against a particular team, so it's something to look out for. Betting on over or under 2.5 goals is won of the most popular markets to football betting. It allows you to predict the total of goals in a game without having to pick a winner of the game.For an under 2.5 goal back to win the match must finish with two or less goals.For an over 2.5 goal bet to win the match must finish with three or more goals.You don't need to predict the correct score, just whether or not three or more goals will be scored.Unlike the win draw win market, with the over 2.5 goals markets there cannot be a draw. The bet will either win or lose depending on the final score. The total goals or goal-line is the number of goals that we think will be scored in total for a soccer match during normal time 90 minutes including injury time but excluding extra-times (ET).You can bet either over or under the goal-line. If the total number of goals equals the goal-line, your bet stakes will be refunded.For instance, you bet on Total Goals Over 2, but the match ended 1-1 in full time, neither do you lose nor win, so your stakes are refunded to your betting account. In an attempt to make their sports betting websites even more appealing to punters, online bookmakers are constantly adding new betting options and betting markets to their sportsbooks. Bettors from all over the world have long ago embraced these new markets and betting types, but players relatively new to the online gambling world are likely to have big problems in trying to understand terms like scorecast betting, European handicap or teasers.It is for that reason that we have decided to create a unique betting glossary, where you can find these and many other football betting terms explained in plain English. The soccer betting glossary is not only designed to explain the latest betting terminology, but is meant to outline the most important features of each and every betting term, as well as give pros and cons for using that particular betting option. There was a time when the majority of online bookmakers only offered win/draw/win and goals markets, but that time looks like an ancient history now that world's biggest sportsbooks offer more than 100 betting options per single game. More conventional punters are not prepared to take any risks and they usually stick to already well known markets, but there is now a huge number of bettors who are eager to try out the new betting options and see if these can be used to make steady profit.With new betting terms coming out of the online betting cuisine almost every day, even the most experienced punters have problems understanding the latest terminology, so you can only imagine how a player new to the online betting world feels when he first comes across such words as outright bet, system bets or forecast. Understanding the current situation in the online betting market, our betting experts have given their best to find all the football betting terms that could create some confusion among the football punters to create a unique betting glossary football. he Over/Under lines don't stop there, as you can often regularly bet on a whole range of other similar markets.The majority of bookmakers (43) are pricing up the Over/Under 2.5 goals line, but there are also a number at Over/Under +0.5, +1.5, +3.5, and so on.Although they sound confusing, some of these these lines are actually relatively easy to understand as follows:Over/ Under 0.5 goals means you want either 1 goal (over) or more or no goals (under).Over/ Under 1.5 goals means you want either 2 goals (over) or more or 1 goal or less (under).Over/ Under 3.5 goals means you want either 4 goals (over) or more or 3 goal or less (under).Many bookmakers for example will offer an Over/Under 2 goals betting market. The difference between this and the Over/Under 2.5 goals line is that you get your money back if the game has exactly 2 goals.Finally to make this just a little more complex, you can also split your stakes by using the Over/Under 2.25 goals market. One half of your stake will go on the 2.5 goals line and the other half on the 2 goals line.I appreciate this might sound complex so to help explain more, here is a quick summary guide to the different Over/Under lines and what it all means!


text:
Hands on: LG 77EG9900 4K Flexible OLED TV review
Ludicrous but luscious
Not yet rated By Patrick Goss 08 January 2015
What is a hands on review?
At its best - the LG EG9900 is wonderful
Early Verdict
LG's flagship flexible OLED is a beautiful, ludicrous, but ultimately delightful television, showcasing some fantastic tech.
Amazing picture
Great color accuracy
Real blacks
Likely to be hugely expensive
The flexibility is a little gimmicky
LG 77EG9900 deals
8 Amazon customer reviews
When LG hinted that it was going to go big on OLED in 2015 it certainly wasn't lying: with its 2015 line-up threatening to finally make OLED a thing we can all look forward to getting to know.
The Korean giant has worked assiduously to make itself market leader with a technology that seems to have existed forever without ever dipping its colorful toe into the mainstream mass market, and it could just finally be bearing fruit.
Last year's OLED line-up was limited enough to keep the cynics smirking, but LG's announcement that it will be producing OLED TVs across a broad range is manna from heaven for those who have been advocating the brighter, more vivid and previously ludicrously more expensive organic tech.
LG's flex from curved to flat
Sitting at the top of the range is the 77-inch LG 4K OLED EG9900 which comes with a very particular gimmick of its own. With a wave of the remote you can take this beautifully designed television and make it bend or flatten depending on your need.
LG's G9900
It's brilliantly ridiculous, the kind of television that will attract equal amounts of drooling desire and the perfectly reasonable question of 'why?'
In reality, this is not likely to be the television that defines LG's OLED 2015 plans - it's going to be a pricey number with all of that technology inside, and the real headline act is at the lower end, where curved, 4K and OLED televisions will finally be at a price point that will be somewhere between aspirational and attainable.
Color is wonderful on 4K OLED
That dose of realism does not in any way undermine the crazy gorgeousness of the EG9900. As you would expect from OLED at this resolution, the screen is droolworthy - colours bright and vibrant, the blacks absolutely perfect.
That's down to the technology, where OLED allows for pixels to be, effectively, turned off. That black isn't an interpretation of black, it's the absence of any emitted light.
That 4K resolution means that you can be stood a matter of inched from the screen and only just make out the pixels. Standing back in the sweet spot, the glory of all that color is there to behold.
This is where it's usual to drop into talk about the deep reds and bright yellows, but the most appropriate cliche is that you have to see it to believe it. The greatest possible advert for a 4K OLED television is to stand in front of it and soak it all in.
4K OLED - becoming mainstream
But what of that flexibility? A press of a button moves the screen from a huge curved television into a flat screen. The movement is nice and our LG rep was adamant that no amount of flexing the screen will damage those OLED pixels - although that's something that only time will tell of course.
Let's face it, there's a better than average chance that you simply won't be able (or, more honestly willing) to fork out the amount of money that the LG EG9900 costs, and that's before we even know exactly what that price tag.
But in the meantime we'll go back to drooling over the screen quality and soaking up that color.
Techradar's coverage of the future of tech at CES 2015 LIVE is brought to you courtesy of Currys PC World. View Currys' full range of the latest TV, Blu-ray and home cinema systems here
Hands on reviews' are a journalist's first impressions of a piece of kit based on spending some time with it. It may be just a few moments, or a few hours. The important thing is we have been able to play with it ourselves and can give you some sense of what it's like to use, even if it's only an embryonic view. For more information, see TechRadar's Reviews Guarantee.


text:
We are very grateful to the advertisers of "Above the...
Who wants to give Jamie Dinan more time to lose...
Who wants to give Jamie Dinan more time to lose money?
Allowing customers to use their own money is really troublesome. Posting some frustrating rewards or worse rewards for years in a row, suddenly the damn appetite wants it back. Well, Jamie Dinan and York Capital Won't do it again. (Not just temporarily this time. )
Dinan said that he plans to close York's European hedge fund and transform its flagship US hedge fund into a fund that operates primarily with internal funds. After years of poor performance and investor betrayal, these strategies collectively managed less than $3 billion.
York still hopes to maintain approximately $9 billion in funds through private equity, private debt and other means, which can lock up customer funds for a long time.
So, well, who can prevent you from getting cash from someone who will fall 6.6% this year in the foreseeable future? Big. Oh, right? You should also know a few other things.
The company has also experienced difficult successive attempts. Mr. Dinan began to participate more in the company's operations at the beginning of this year after sharing part of the responsibilities. York (York) said in Monday's investor letter that the president of joint investment Christophe Aurand will leave by the end of this year.
The letter stated that Mr. Dinant will continue to serve as chairman and chief executive officer of York, while William Flatos will continue to serve as sole investment director.
The letter also stated that the York Asian hedge fund, led by Masa Yamaguchi, has performed well in recent years and that the "relevant tools" will be split into an independent company.
Therefore, some people (ie Jamie Dinan) believe that Jamie Dinan is expected to become a private equity giant. Credit Suisse is not sure.Or, instead, they are sure, just in Opposite Direction.
Credit Suisse said on Tuesday that due to the market turmoil this year, the American investment company founded by Jamie Dinan will abandon most of its hedge fund strategy, so it is expected to be in York Capital Management (York Capital Management) The shares will suffer a $450 million impairment. The Swiss bank agreed to buy 30% of York in 2010 and was willing to pay at least US$425 million to enable customers to obtain other investments… At a time when many Wall Street companies were seeking to use hedge fund fee income, Credit Suisse bought these shares because new regulations after the financial crisis made it more difficult for banks to place bets with their own money. However, such a minority equity is not without risks, because many investment companies have worked hard to perform or even close down, making equity worthless.
Jamie Dinan's York Capital Management will significantly reduce hedge fund operations [WSJ]
Credit Suisse's dilemma deepens, hedge fund of New York of 450 million US dollars [Bloomberg]
prior to: The capital of York promised to hand over the chief rebel Christopher Orland to the kingdom, thereby quelling the palace uprising


text:
Q: How to decrypt PGP message using PHP? I received a PGP encrypted/signed Message, which was encrypted & signed by the Software "Kleopatra".
I want to decrypt this message in PHP with GnuPGP now, but the problem I have is, that I can not even read the message.
I am used to PGP Messages like:

But in this case, I got a PGP Message, that looks like this:

Does anyone have an idea, of what this message is and how I can encrypt it with PHP, and also how I can generate the same format (as I have to reply to that message)?
I obviously have all the required keys, but I just don't know, what format I received there.
Thank you!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The windows and doors in the Sam & Max roombox will need to be placed in the holes before the false walls are glued in. For this reason I needed to stucco and paint the false walls outside of the roombox. (Normally I like to assemble first, then decorate.)
I was concerned about the center wall not having a lot of support behind it, especially around the windows, so I added spacers around the window holes.
These will stabilize the wall and will also enable me to glue the windows to the false wall before I glue in the wall, which I think will work better than trying to glue them in the exact right position on the outer wall (potentially smearing glue all over the graphics in the process).
The bottom portion of the wall will be covered by wainscot that I'll make out of 3″ basswood. I drew a pencil line over the top edge so I'd know how far down the wall to stucco.
I taped off where the wainscot will start and also the top 1/4″ of the wall, where the molding will go.
The stucco is watered down wood filler, spread and textured with a sponge brush. You can read more about this technique here and here.
Once the whole wall was stuccoed, I covered the windows with tape to protect the stained wood and inserted them in the holes.
Then I added more stucco around the window edges to fill in the gaps.
I let that dry for about 15 minutes, then popped the windows out while the stucco was still wet and let them dry overnight. The area around the windows looks much better than it did pre-stucco!
Keep reading »
The next step in the Freelance Police roombox is to prepare the walls that will get covered up by the false walls. I used a fan-made program named Telltale Explorer to extract the texture that displays outside the office windows in Telltale's games.
I started by printing it in black and white, to see how it fit. It's not wide enough to span the whole back wall, so I had to repeat the image. It's also not tall enough, so I clipped a sky section out of another texture to go at the top.
When the windows are in place, it all blends together.
I printed out the graphic on photo paper, sprayed it with UV-resistant matte sealer, and left it to dry for 24 hours. The paper is glossy, but the spray is matte so that took the gloss away.
Next I painted the areas behind the doors and the rat hole. Outside the office door, I used a shade of gray similar to the office window in Telltale's version of the game. Initially I painted the closet area black, but after looking at the closet in the game I realized it should be the same color as the wall.
I also realized the brick red I used for the base looks nothing like the brick paper I bought for the back of the roombox, which is more orangey. So I repainted the base and the closet wall area with a Behr paint sample called Harvest Brown, which I'm also planning to use for the walls (pictures are farther down in the post).
Next I stained the windows and closet door.
These are Sam & Max, the Freelance Police.
Sam & Max are a dog and rabbity-thing who fight crime in their own special way. They're the creations of artist Steve Purcell, and have starred in comics, video games, and a short-lived animated series. I could write much more about them — but why do that here, when I already have elsewhere? Check out Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 of The History of Sam & Max, written by yours truly back in 2007.
I first encountered Sam & Max in college, when a guy I was dating gave me a copy of the comic collection Surfin' the Highway. Though I was a player of adventure games, at the time I had never even heard of their 1993 game Sam & Max Hit the Road. (Maybe because it was made by LucasArts; I was a fan of rival company Sierra.) Sam & Max popped back into my consciousness in the early 2000s when a sequel, Freelance Police, was canceled by LucasArts, and Steve subsequently licensed the game rights to Telltale Games, a company started by people who had been laid off from LucasArts when Freelance Police was cancelled.
When I started working at Telltale in 2006, Sam & Max became a bigger part of my life. (You can read about that here if you're interested.) I even had Max on my business card.
I worked at Telltale for about three years, during which time we released of two seasons of Sam & Max episodic games and produced a 20th Anniversary edition of Surfin' the Highway. (More details about the book project are archived in this blog post, sadly without the original art.) I thought about making a roombox of the Freelance Police office, but didn't have a lot of free time (a job in the game industry will do that to you!) and just never got around to it.
(These are sketches Steve made for me in three different copies of Surfin' the Highway. The talk bubble in the first one says "I wish someone would make a suit of us!" in reference to the suit we unleashed on San Diego Comic-Con in 2007.)
My latent idea to make a Sam & Max roombox awakened last fall when Telltale went out of business — an unexpected event that hit me hard even though I'd left the company a decade earlier. And then I learned that Boss Fight Studio is making a set of 1:12 scale Sam & Max action figures, and decided the time had come.


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Optional: SisuDiesel 74 CTA 180 kW.
Dana RTE 15822 (8+8 gears), torque converter C333.5.
Front axle SISU SSDP with hub reduction by 5 planet pinions.
Rear axle SISU SRDP with hub reduction by 4 planet pinions.
Axle ratio 20.57:1 as standard and 16.41:1 as option.


If Triangle Proofs are the aspirin, what is the headache?
Prove that two triangles are congruent. Sometimes seen as the "first real proofs" of a Geometry course (but they should probably not be the first proofs done, and the types usually done aren't much of proofs– but let that be for now).
How do you get students to feel the need to prove? How do we give them a reasonable headache alleviated by the learning target's aspirin?
The headache-aspirin idea can be illustrated like this: add the first 100 integers. 1+2+3+…+100. The headache is that it seems like a lot of tedious work, but using Gauss' arithmetic series folding idea, we fold the long sum onto itself and add pairs inward: 1+100, 2+99, … getting 50 sums each equal to 101, thus finding the sum of integers from 1 to 100 is 5050. This legend is oft repeated as Gauss' clever way to get around a teacher's tedious punishment: notice how even in legend we appreciate the origin of a clever idea as a way to reduce tedium.
(1) why do we want to show triangles congruent? How can we make a student doubt that triangles may be congruent?
Triangle congruence is our tool of two dimensional congruence. So we need to have students care about congruence in general. If your students are philosophical (and many are) then studying the idea of sameness/congruency has some grounding there. But all students are going to want something concrete as well.
(2) why do we use these little 3 part shortcuts?
The accepted shortcuts are an efficient result. Nothing wrong with showing triangles are congruent by matching all six parts: SASASA — nothing wrong except efficiency. Arriving at the result of the triangle congruency shortcuts can be done by students themselves.
So here's my scratchwork for a lesson idea: work from the opposite case, can we make a student doubt that different triangles exist? Building Different Triangles We infuse doubt by assigning students to find non-congruent triangles. When they run up against their sandbox's boundary– the conditions that cause some triangles to be automatically congruent– they can all of a sudden doubt that triangles can always be made differently.
0. Do we agree that if three sides and three angles are given to us, we can make only one triangle? Why or why not?
0.5 Think ahead, what if we are given only 5 parts, can we make two different triangles? What about given other numbers of parts, like 2? Can we make different triangles then? How many different triangles?
1. Given A=30, AB=3, BC=2. Make as many different triangles as possible. Related concept: SAS, Law of Cosines eventually. Geogebra interactive.
2. Given AB=3, BC=2. Make as many different triangles as possible. Related concept: triangle inequality. Geogebra interactive.
3. Given AB=5, BC = 4, CA = 2. Make as many different triangles as possible. Related concept: converse of Pythagorean theorem. Geogebra Interactive.
4. Given A=40, B=30, AB=5. Make as many different triangles as possible.
5. Given A=40, B=30, BC=5. Make as many different triangles as possible.
6. Given A=53, B=57, BC=5.35, AC=5.1. Make as many different triangles as possible.
Be careful with the chosen values. Sometimes (especially the first one) you want the students to arrive at different triangles. Save the "we can't!"/"they're all the same" moment (SSS (3) / AASS (6) ) for later in the progression.
We also don't need to restrict ourselves to tech-based manipulatives. Straws and string work great for the SSS case.
What kind of conjectures would students make when exposed to this kind of task? Many will apply the triangle angle sum, or have it solidified in their mind: meaning they can conjecture we at most need to be given two angles. Hey, that's a proposition we can prove! That's one students can prove, or at least justify. And its not arbitrary or needless: its something that is a significant step towards reducing tedium of triangle differentiation. If we know two angles, we know the third.
And how about conjecturing and proving statements like: to show two triangles are congruent, at least three parts must be known. (note, hypotenuse-leg gives three parts: two sides and the right angle) Or, at least one side must be known. These are within the grasp of proof by the students because they will have had the experience of seeing the counter examples and of building intuition about what forces the known congruency shortcuts to be what they are.


With advancing years, our soft tissues and skin lose some of their tightness as our collagen production slows down. This consequent loss of elasticity allows areas of the body to sag, some more than others. Because they have weight and are markedly changed by hormonal shifts throughout a woman's life, many women seek to decide to reverse or improve their breasts by opting for some form of cosmetic breast surgery.
Cosmetic Surgery Partners have unique experience in breast surgery with the surgeons having developed and introduced a number of techniques. These include the glandular slide-vertical scar for breast reduction and ABBA (Anti-Biotic Breast Augmentation) for breast enlargenment that are now industry norms in cosmetic surgery.
Among our breast surgery experts is Miles Berry. Mr Berry co-authored the Oncoplastic Breast Surgery textbook, which was produced by the Curie Hospital in Paris. With three papers on breast augmentation published in JPRAS this year, Mr Berry is a Master of Surgery and accredited surgeon in the GMC Specialist register. He is also a regular contributor to BBC Radio, the Daily Mail, MORE and Weight Watchers.
Why choose us? Cosmetic Surgery Partners has vast industry experience, and our team of qualified consultants and expert surgeons will ensure your breast surgery experience is a positive one. If you're considering having breast surgery, and would like to know more, feel free to get in touch and talk to us today. We'll book you in for an initial consultation and work out the best course of action to help make your body look as good as it possibly can.


text:
Q: Many-to-Many Uniqueness Constraint Test Not Working I have a many-to-many relationship with a join table in my Rails application. I'm using the has_many :through idiom in my models. To keep things simple, lets call my first class Student, my second class Course, and the join table class Enrollment (which contains fields student_id and course_id). I want to make sure that a given Student is associated with a given Course at most once (i.e. the {student_id, course_id} tuple should be unique in the enrollment table).
So I have a migration a that enforces this uniqueness.
def change
  add_index :enrollments, [:student_id, :course_id], :unique => true
end

In addition my model classes are defined as such:
class Student < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :enrollments
  has_many :courses, :through => :enrollment

end

class Course < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :enrollments
  has_many :students, :through => :enrollment

end

class Enrollment < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :student
  belongs_to :course

  validates :student,    :presence => true
  validates :course,     :presence => true
  validates :student_id, :uniqueness => {:scope => :course_id}

end

In a rails console, I can do the following:
student = Student.first
course = Course.first
student.courses << course
#... succeeds
student.courses << course
#... appropriately fails and raises an ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid exception

In my RSpec test, I do the exact same thing and I get no exception with the following code:
@student.courses << @course
expect { @student.courses << @course }.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid)

And so my test fails and reports:
expected ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid but nothing was raised

What's going on here? What could I be doing wrong? How do I fix it?

A: Rails uses model level validation, if you want strict checking for uniquiness you need to use database level - foreign keys for example. But in this case you need to catch exceptions from database connector.
This is strange because in my code (very similar to your) validation for unique raises exception.

A: There's a couple of things here that could be happening:

*

*@courses has changed between uses.

*@student has changed between uses.

By using let you'll protect these values from changing between expectations.
let(:course) { Course.first }
let(:student) { Student.first }
subject{ student.courses << course << course }
it { should raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) }

Or, there could just be something wrong with your code :)


text:
Homepage Gamers meet in real life at bedside of terminally-ill friend
Gamers meet in real life at bedside of terminally-ill friend
Millertime166
When a member of their friendship group was in hospital receiving treatment for cancer, six men who have been friends for years came together.
However, this was the first time they had been in same room, or even the same state.
They met through online gaming and have forged a friendship that has tied them together.
The image of the friends gathered around Joe's hospital bed in New Jersey has moved many to share similar stories of the meaningful relationships that have begun online.
David Miller, from New Brunswick, Canada, shared the story on Reddit. The 19-year-old said he had met Joe and the others online about five years ago.
"We played pretty much everything," he told the BBC.
"We played all the time. Even if we weren't playing games we would be just hanging out talking about anything."
But this summer the friends discovered Joe, 23, had been diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma. The prognosis was terminal and he now lives in a hospice centre.
"We always had an idea we would eventually meet up, but after finding out that our time was limited we knew we had to do it sooner rather than later," David said.
"We all knew we had to do it."
Though the friends had never met in real life before, there was no awkwardness.
"We just hung out like we had done it 1,000 times before," David said.
"It meant everything, especially to Joe. There were definitely tears.
"It was a dream we have had since the beginning and it's amazing that it came true."
The heart-warming image was described as "absolutely amazing" and "so special" by Reddit users. It has been upvoted more than 148,000 times on the site.
It also moved many to share their own examples of the powerful friendships they have forged online.
Michael Thomas Sullivan, from Louisiana, said he was "filled with joy" on seeing the photo on Reddit because it reminded him of his first meeting with a long-time friend, Dillon.
Michael told the BBC he started speaking to Dillon online 12 years ago and their relationship is "extremely important" to him.
"[Dillon] has been through a lot with me and we've watched each other grow."
Michael Thomas Sullivan
Dillon (left) and Michael met in person after being friends online for 12 years
He says that he is sorry that Joe's group met under "really sad circumstances", but was moved by the way "they were there for their friend".
ForeverInaDaze
A Reddit user who goes by the name "Javad0g", responded that he had been "truly blessed" to have developed a close circle of friends through online gaming.
They met 15 years ago, and have supported each other through major milestones of life.
"We have lost parents and grieved together, we have watched some of us get married, and have kids and celebrated that. We have supported one who had a divorce and helped him… as his world fell apart around him."
The strength of the group's friendship and their support for Joe led some to suggest the men were dispelling the stereotypes of gamers.
Grabstertv
Hinks
McCoy says Bills' Josh Allen 'looks more confident'


An indelible link between the Beehive and Whale Oil blogger Cameron Slater has damaged the Key brand. The Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde character of John Key has been revealed by Dirty Politics. This will be further revealed on the election night when voters will decide on a leader lacking courage to stand up for integrity and a vision of shaping the country on foundation of a clean governance.
Is this how Dirty Politics projected the image of John Key: A nice smiling likable man to the public, who has hired hounds to do all National Party's dirty work?
The other excess baggage that voters will not forget is the unholy alliance between the "sacked" Justice/Police and ACC Minister Judith Collins and Cameron Slater. In this unethical and immoral marriage, confidentiality and sensitivity of Cabinet Office and executive arm of government have been compromised. This is when the Cabinet "horse" (or shall we say, the mare?) regularly mouthed such information in the blogger friend's year, for equally unholy usages. Read on.
The adage, "birds of feather, flock together" is true for the unholy alliance between Cameron Slater and Judith Collins. While the contact point of other attack-bloggers to the National Government over many years have been John Key's office, Slater seemed to be privileged in having his ear close to the "mare" in Key's Cabinet.
"One cultivated the iron woman persona of Crusher Collins, future Prime Minister, the other the reckless bully-boy persona of Whale Oil. They were drawn together by right-wing politics and a shared attraction to aggressive and often petty attack politics" (p.45).
"Slater was a devoted supporter of Collins, using his blogs to promote her and to attack her critics. Collins, in return, fed a continuous supply of material to Slater: public press release, political gossip, tip-offs and serious leaks. She boasted for him in 2013 that "you might not like it but Whaleoil is better informed and better read than any other news outlet or social media. " They were in constant touch, via phone and e-mail. Perhaps this now explains why Whale Oil has unfair advantage and blessings (and hence reach and popularity) over others.
In light of Dirty Politics, does this look familiar? Whose character does this represent, who projects two-faced image to Kiwis?
While Chapter 4 illustrates cases of various other communication, including the case of transfer of a prisoner, where Slater used to "hear" directly from the horse's mouth in the National's Cabinet Office, the case of Bronwyn Pullar, a former National Party activist, needs mention. This is a case where details of some 6,700 Accident Compensation Commission (ACC) clients were accidently sent to Pullar, who herself was a client of ACC, of which Collins was the Minister. The support person of Pullar in negotiations was former National Party President Michelle Boag. Slater had an axe to grind with Boag because she was the person who replaced John Slater, Cameron's father as president of National Party many years earlier. Hence, he regarded Boag as an enemy and attacked her at every opportunity. A leak was made to Herald on Sunday and key players were named and it became a controversial issue. Collins denied that she or her office leaked the letter.
That in gist reveals what happens when the Captain of a ship refuses to make himself informed of the message because he is so busy shooting the messenger. It may be too late, or perhaps useless for John Key to read Dirty Politics after the election. Perhaps that may be appropriate, as he may have more time on his hands as Opposition Leader, if he chooses to remain so. Or perhaps he can read it in his retirement at his Hawaiian retreat batch, and regret that a Prime Minister, like rust, should never sleep. He should have fired Collins a long time ago. He needs to continuously and continually get informed, even from those he despises.
Chapter 4 "raises a number of concerns about Collins: she was apparently unworried about the leak of police evidence; she was directly involved in providing information about and attacking a Ministerial Services staff member; she disclosed confidential department and client information, not to mention possibly leaking controversial Pullar e-mail; she made it her business to feed a stream of information, gossip and documents for use on the Whale Oil site. She was also a close friend and trusted confidante of Cameron Slater, which says much about her as a politician.
What surprises yours truly, this Kiwi Fijian, who has seem much muck in Fiji, is the uncanny ability of mainstream Kiwis to be unaffected by the filth that Dirty Politics digs up. And more so, their uncanny ability to take so much of s**t from a government whose leader appears to project such a clean and likeable image.
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text:
Nagykörű is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.

Location
The village is located on the right bank of River Tisza, 25 kilometres away to the northeast from Szolnok. It can be approached on road by scheduled overland bus from the west, by ferry from the direction of Fegyvernek (from the east), or by bicycle on Tisza-dam.

History

Nagykörű got its name because it was almost completely compassed by Tisza before the river control. The settlement was rising as an isle among the neighboring river meadows. The first written document of Nagykörű monastery derives from year 1212. The village itself was founded at the beginning of the 14th century, and it belonged to the property of Ban Lothar of Gutkeled.

The estate called Kürümonostora was endowed by King Charles Robert in 1318 to Peter Kompolty, chamberlain of the queen. Owing to its geographic position, Nagykörű managed to survive the Turkish rule successfully. According to the legend, the Turkish troops were lost in the marsh on 19 July 1530 (day of Elijah). After expelling Turks, the Treasury and an Austrian officer called Enczinger became holders of the village.

In the middle of 18th century, Nagykörű started to develop spectacularly. The first vineyard was planted on Homok (sandy soil) by Baron Lőrinc Orczy in 1751. Thanks to landlord György Petrovay, this place became the cultivation area of the famous Germersdorf cherry in the second half of 19th century. Nagykörű owns title "Cherry garden of Hungary" as the biggest (200 hectares) cherry garden of the country can be found here. Cherry of Nagykörű is a trade-mark.

Ethnic groups

In 2001, according to the census, 94 percent of the population avowed themselves Hungarian, while 6 percent of the population avowed themselves Roma.

The present

Worldwide famous cherry of Nagykörű is considered to be the cost-of-living source of inhabitants. Cherry is principally grown for export. Meanwhile, villageous tourism is also prospering. The ratio of resident population is decreasing, whereas fourth of the houses are used as holiday resorts. The surrounding neighborhood is a real paradise for tourists, line-fishermen, and bathers.

References

External links
 Official site in Hungarian, English and German

Geography of Hungary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mr. James Pellegrino, Senior Scientist at RJ Lee Group since 2001, has 50 years' experience in the fields of metallography, fractography and fracture/failure analysis. He is an expert in conducting investigations of ferrous (carbon, alloy and stainless steel and high temperature alloys) and non-ferrous specimens using both optical and electron microscopy. Mr. Pellegrino has testified as an expert witness in state and federal courts, and has consulted on the design, manufacture and failure analysis of mining systems and components in Europe and Asia. He is the author or co-author of published articles which include peer-reviewed journals.


Greenpeace Netherlands has released about half of the draft text as of April 2016, prior to the start of the 13th round of TTIP negotiations between the EU and the US (New York, 25-29 April 2016). As far as we know the final document will consist of 25 to 30 chapters and many extensive annexes. Of the documents released by Greenpeace Netherlands, in total 248 pages, 13 chapters offer for the first time the position of the US.
What are the main findings in the documents?
From an environmental and consumer protection point of view it is a serious concern that long standing environmental protections appear to be dropped None of the chapters we have seen reference the General Exceptions rule. This nearly 70-year-old rule enshrined in the GATT agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), allows nations to regulate trade "to protect human, animal and plant life or health" or for "the conservation of exhaustible natural resources". The omission of this regulation suggests both sides are creating a regime that places profit ahead of human, animal and plant life and health. The precautionary principle, enshrined in the EU Treaty, is not mentioned in the chapter on Regulatory Cooperation, nor in any other of the obtained 12 chapters. On the other hand the US demand for a 'risk based' approach that aims to manage hazardous substances rather than avoid them, finds its way into various chapters. This approach undermines the ability of regulators to take preventive measures, for example regarding controversial substances like hormone disrupting chemicals.
All of the documents in possession of Greenpeace Netherlands are complete.The documents represent a substantial part of the negotiating texts, 13 of 17 chapters believed to have reached the consolidation phase of negotiations.Chapters believed to be in the consolidation phase, but not in possession of Greenpeace Netherlands, are those concerning e-commerce, financial services, rules of origin and trade remedies.Chapters which are not yet believed to have reached the consolidation phase, also not in possession of Greenpeace Netherlands, are those covering: energy and raw materials, investment protection, intellectual property rights, legal and institutional issues, subsidies, sustainable development, textiles and apparel, and other sectors.
After receiving the documents both Greenpeace Netherlands and Rechercheverbund NDR, WDR und Süddeutsche Zeitung, a renowned German investigative research partnership, have analysed them and compared them to existing documents. The Rechercheverbund, which consists of different German media, has covered, amongst other big stories, the Snowden leaks and the Volkswagen emissions scandals.
Could I see the original documents?
Greenpeace Netherlands does not offer access to the original documents, as they most probably contain 'markers' in the form of deliberate typos or formatting, put there to identify the origin of the documents in case of a leak.
Greenpeace Netherlands has released the documents to facilitate a proper democratic debate about the texts. The secrecy surrounding the negotiating process goes against the democratic principles of both the EU and the US. There has been worldwide criticism about the refusal to reveal what is being negotiated under TTIP, including by the European Ombudsman. Although some EU document have been disclosed, they were frequently incomplete and out of date by the time they were released. US negotiators disclose almost nothing at all.Even members of the European Parliament (who will vote to adopt or reject the final agreement) and national parliamentarians (who are also likely to vote on the final deal) have only limited and strictly restricted access to so-called consolidated negotiating texts in special reading rooms. Every negotiating round takes place behind closed doors and joint EU-US press conferences on TTIP are devoid of real content. Consultations with civil society and stakeholder meetings are little more than content-free formalities.Any improvement in transparency must fulfil at least the following principles: greater public access to EU and US negotiating documents; more active disclosure of documents; more balanced and transparent public participation throughout the negotiating process.
Greenpeace Netherlands released the documents to facilitate a proper democratic debate about the texts. The secrecy surrounding the negotiating process is harmful to the democratic ground principles of both the EU and the US.
What does TTIP stand for and what is it about?
TTIP, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, is potentially the world's biggest trade deal, meant to cover trade between the EU and the US economies, which account for about half of the entire world's GDP and nearly a third of world trade flows. TTIP would affect pretty much every sector of the economy, from farming to textiles, and IT to services. (The only sector formally excluded from negotiations – as requested by the French government – is the film and music industry.) The aim of the agreement is to remove any remaining obstacles to trade between the EU and the US, and to protect foreign investments above all else.Healthcare and working conditions are already in the firing line, as are financial regulation and environmental protection. TTIP would also allow multinational corporations to sue governments in special courts to challenge what they see as regulations restricting their investments. A TTIP agreement would lead to job losses, a reduction in living standards and the pollution of the environment, disrupting the lives of millions on both sides of the Atlantic [see questions 4, 8 and 14].
What are the environmental risks associated with TTIP?
TTIP negotiators have already listed the following EU rules as technical barriers" to trade: energy efficiency labels; fuel efficiency standards for cars; sustainable public procurement policies; regulation of unconventional fossil fuel extraction, including shale gas and tar sands; sustainability standards for bio-energy; and the banning of climate-damaging f-gases in appliances such as refrigerators and freezers.TTIP would undermine efforts to strengthen Europe's policies to combat climate change and boost renewables and energy efficiency. An agreement would also stimulate imports and exports of fossil fuels – like shale gas from fracking or oil from tar sands – while clean energy production for local communities and associations would be considered unfair competition and a barrier to trade.
The chemicals industry claims that Europe's protection against toxic chemicals – for example through the REACH directive (the EU's premier regulation to register and restrict toxic substances) or the pesticides regulation – is the largest trade barrier for US manufacturing. The US government has maintained this position for a long time, saying in 2014 that the EU's laws "are discriminatory, lack a legitimate rationale, and pose unnecessary obstacles to trade".
REACH requires companies that want to market a chemical in the EU to prove that it is safe (or to use alternatives). The default approach under US law is that all chemicals are safe, unless proven otherwise. The EU bans thousands of chemicals that are harmful to the environment or health in cleaning products, cosmetics, paints, clothes, and electrical appliances. The US is much more lax, with only a handful of chemicals banned.
TTIP negotiations even had a 'chilling effect' on efforts in Europe to regulate a new category of chemicals, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can cause cancer and reproductive diseases, and are particularly harmful to children. EU regulation of EDCs had been repeatedly delayed, despite clear evidence of harm. Several EU countries criticised the Commission for its lack of action. In December 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled that the Commission had in fact "breached EU law" by failing to act.
Food, pesticides and GM crops One of the fundamental threats from TTIP in Europe is that the burden of proof on whether a product is safe or not could be shifted to fall on public authorities, not on those who seek to sell it. This is the general approach in the US. Under such a system, a pesticide that is scientifically linked to cancer could still be approved, unless there is a 100 per cent consensus on its harmful effects.
Another area of concern is the use of antibiotics for farm animals. This practice is common to industrial livestock farming on both sides of the Atlantic, but is particularly prevalent in the US. It is a major cause of resistance to antibiotics among humans.
Is the Commission's new Investment Court System better than ISDS?
Not really. The European Commission has tried to improve something that simply cannot be fixed. Its Investment Court System institutionalises a privileged judicial system for foreign investors, which bypasses national courts. Fundamentally, the system is very similar to ISDS.
The Commission's proposal also fails to address many of the fundamental concerns raised by the European Parliament in its resolution of 8 July 2015, where it says it wants "to replace the ISDS system with a new system for resolving disputes between investors and states".
What would be the economic advantages of a comprehensive EU-US trade agreement?
The truth is that nobody really knows. Economic gains have been greatly exaggerated ahead of pretty much every previous trade agreement. In many cases, trade deals lead to job losses. As many as a million jobs were lost in the US as a result of the NAFTA agreement between the US, Canada and Mexico. TTIP could also cause at least one million job losses in the EU and US combined.
What is Greenpeace's alternative to TTIP?
The global trade regime should shift away from liberalisation to sustainable development. To achieve this, international trading rules should promote environmental, social and human well-being. A redesigned trade system should set the conditions for peace, security and solidarity, protecting the public interest against threats to health, the environment and human rights. It should be democratic and inclusive, and not grant privileged treatment for multinational corporations, but guarantee their accountability through the enforceable protection of human and social rights, and the environment.process.
Opposition to TTIP might slow its completion, but is a deal inevitable?
Not at all. There are various reasons why a deal might never materialise. First of all, TTIP is not the first attempt to conclude a deal: big business has been pushing for a deal since the 1990s, and previous attempts by the US and Europe to reach an agreement on trade or investment were never completed.
Secondly, the EU and the US are entangled in a complex web of trade treaties with conflicting provisions and differing timelines. The US has recently signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal, while the EU and Canada are finalising the CETA agreement. Canada is also a party to the TPP agreement. TPP and CETA have been agreed but are yet to be ratified. These treaties include a controversial mechanism known as ISDS, allowing foreign corporations to sue sovereign national governments if they believe their investments are unfairly restricted by regulations. For TTIP, the EU is backing an alternative mechanism – but which raises similar concerns – known as the Investment Court System (ICS). The EU would like to include this new system in the CETA agreement. This would leave Canadian investors with different mechanism in different treaties. The US has so far rejected ICS. The European Parliament – who will have to sign off the agreement – has instead demanded a system to replace ISDS.
What would happen if the EU and US failed to agree a deal?
Nothing much. Trade and investment between the EU and the US has been increasing for decades without a bilateral trade agreement. There is no reason to assume that without TTIP it would not continue to do so, while existing environmental, health and labour standards would remain in place. Nonetheless, a number of multinational corporations are likely to be upset, as TTIP would significantly increase their power and influence over governments and citizens.
What is regulatory cooperation and why is it a threat?
So-called regulatory cooperation is one of the biggest threats from TTIP. The European Commission claims regulatory cooperation will cut bureaucracy for EU companies and reduce costs associated with having to comply with different rules in the EU and the US. It says it wants to harmonise rules and standards between the two blocs, without lowering EU levels of protection for people's health, the environment or consumer rights. The recent documents however show that regulatory cooperation could lead to an immense bureaucratic and administrative burden. It puts access to the market above standards and regulations that protect citizens and the environment, as the Commission's TTIP proposal makes clear.
Americans have been growing and eating GM crops for years. Why do you not want GMOs in Europe?
Genetically engineering the food we eat is an inherently risky process. US law makes no significant distinction between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and conventional farming. The US also has no requirements for labelling of food that contains GMOs, unlike the EU. This means that it is virtually impossible to isolate the long-term effects of GM food on human and animal health. But there is clear evidence of the environmental dangers of GM crops. GMO contamination is a major issue: the spreading of genes that make plants resistant to weedkillers is creating super-resistant weeds in many US regions.
So far, Europe has been relatively sheltered from these effects. Public opposition is strong, GMOs are hardly grown in the EU, and their release into the food chain is governed by safety regulations (which are far from perfect). US biotech multinationals are the major supporters of a TTIP treaty.


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Set on a white-sand beach only minutes away from downtown Montego Bay, Breathless Montego Bay Resort & Spa will offer guests a fantastic adults-only vacation experience. The stylish resort will entertain guests with exhilarating parties, weekly and monthly themed events and around the clock entertainment designed to entice your senses. The property boasts 150 lavish, contemporary suites featuring modern technology, furnished and private balconies, and stunning mountain and bay view.
Room amenities include air-conditioning with in-room climate control, ceiling fan, daily refreshed minibar, furnished balcony or terrace with Jacuzzi, flat screen cable TV, nightly turndown service, alarm clock radio, full bathroom with shower and double sinks, coffee/tea maker, electric in-room safe, hair dryer, iron/ironing bard, bathrobes, slippers, work desk, Gilchrist & Soames bath amenities, WiFi and telephone.
One king bed or two queen beds. Private terrace or balcony with Jacuzzi and tropical garden or mangrove view. 527 square feet. Maximum Occupancy 3 adults.
One king bed or two queen beds. Private terrace or balcony with Jacuzzi and bay view. 527 square feet. Maximum Occupancy 3 adults.
One king bed or two queen beds. Private terrace or balcony with Jacuzzi and bay view, plus Xhale Club privileges. 527 square feet. Maximum Occupancy 3 adults.
One king bed or two queen beds. Private terrace or balcony with Jacuzzi offers direct access to a pool. Tropical garden or mangrove view, plus Xhale Club privileges. 527 square feet. Maximum Occupancy 3 adults.
One king bed. Private balcony or terrace with Jacuzzi and bay view. Spacious living room with sofa, plus Xhale Club privileges. 1,098 square feet. Maximum Occupancy: 2 adults.
Separate bed room with one king bed. Private balcony or terrace with Jacuzzi offers direct access to a pool. Tropical garden or mangrove view, spacious living room with sofa, plus Xhale Club privileges. 1,098 square feet. Maximum Occupancy: 2 adults.
Separate bedroom with one king bed. Private spacious terrace with Jacuzzi is fully furnished for outdoor dining and entertaining. Bay views, living room, dining room, bar, kitchen and oversized bathroom with rain shower. 1614 square feet. Maximum Occupancy: 2 adults.
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Nook - Main buffet restaurant serving a variety of international specialties with air-conditioned indoor seating and outdoor terrace options.
Spoon Serving a selection of classic, international menus with a Caribbean influence in air conditioned indoor seating or outdoor terrace. Note: Nook is re-branded as Spoon for dinner services.
Altitude Rooftop Bar - Tasteful mixes served at the rooftop bar, offering stunning 360-degree unobstructed views of the mountains, ocean and bay with Reggae, Salsa and Meringue as a backdrop, so enjoy the good times and indulge in Caribbean elegance, rhythms and adventurous cocktails.
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text:
The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., representing the most accomplished individuals in the fields of medical and biological engineering
Explore AIMBE's mission and programming through our Annual Report
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AIMBE's Board of Directors are elected by AIMBE's College of Fellows and work to promote AIMBE's ability to advocate for medical and biological engineering
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AIMBE's Past Presidents include some of the premier leaders in the medical and biological engineering community
The College of Fellows consists of over 1,500 individuals who are the outstanding leaders, engineers, entrepreneurs, and innovators in medical and biological engineering
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Fellows are nominated each year by their peers and represent the top 2% of the medical and biological engineering community
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AIMBE Fellowbook collects news stories highlighting the members of the AIMBE College of Fellows
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Browse and search the Fellows by Name, Title, Organization, and Class Year
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AIMBE has launched a new lecture series on the campuses of colleges and universities across the country to discuss "The Science of Failed Public Policy – Why Congress Doesn't Fund Medical Innovation," hosted by AIMBE Executive Director Milan Yager.
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Programmable Glue Made of DNA Directs Tiny Gel Bricks to Self-Assemble
Ali Khademhosseini | Via Wyss Institute | September 9, 2013
A team of researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University has found a way to self-assemble complex structures out of bricks smaller than a grain of salt. The self-assembly method could help solve one of the major challenges in tissue engineering: regrowing human tissue by injecting tiny components into the body that then self-assemble into larger, intricately structured, biocompatible scaffolds at an injury site.
The key to self-assembly was developing the world's first programmable glue. The glue is made of DNA, and it directs specific bricks of a water-filled gel to stick only to each other, the scientists report in the September 9th online issue of Nature Communications.
"By using DNA glue to guide gel bricks to self-assemble, we're creating sophisticated programmable architecture," says Peng Yin, Ph.D., a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute and senior coauthor of the study, who is also an Assistant Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. This novel self-assembly method worked for gel bricks from as small as a speck of silt (30 microns diameter) to as large as a grain of sand (1 millimeter diameter), underscoring the method's versatility.
The programmable DNA glue could also be used with other materials to create a variety of small, self-assembling devices, including lenses, reconfigurable microchips, and surgical glue that could knit together only the desired tissues, said Ali Khademhosseini, Ph.D., an Associate Faculty member at the Wyss Institute who is the other senior coauthor of the study.
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Polish, Slovak, and Czech: nickname meaning 'fellow countryman', from Slavic rod 'origin', 'birth'.
Where is the Rodak family from?
You can see how Rodak families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Rodak family name was found in the USA, the UK, and Canada between 1891 and 1920. The most Rodak families were found in the USA in 1920. In 1891 there was 1 Rodak family living in Surrey. This was 100% of all the recorded Rodak's in the UK. Surrey had the highest population of Rodak families in 1891.
Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Rodak surname lived. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations.
What did your Rodak ancestors do for a living?
Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Rodak ancestors, such as occupation. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status.
What Rodak family records will you find?
There are 3,000 census records available for the last name Rodak. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Rodak census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more.
There are 642 immigration records available for the last name Rodak. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the UK, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.
There are 1,000 military records available for the last name Rodak. For the veterans among your Rodak ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions.
You've only scratched the surface of Rodak family history.
What is the average Rodak lifespan?
Between 1946 and 2004, in the United States, Rodak life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1946, and highest in 1969. The average life expectancy for Rodak in 1946 was 33, and 84 in 2004.
An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Rodak ancestors lived in harsh conditions. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more.