text:
Pocahontas lives!
Pocahontas Bio by Charles Dudley Warner
Is John Smith's account of his rescue by Pocahontas true?
Did John Smith misunderstand a Powhatan 'adoption ceremony'?
What was the relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith?
Is it possible that John Smith never actually met Pocahontas?
Was Smith's gunpowder accident actually a murder plot?
How should we view John Smith's credibility overall?
How was Pocahontas captured?
Did Pocahontas willingly convert to Christianity?
What should we make of Smith's "rescues" by so many women?
Were Pocahontas and John Rolfe in love?
What was the meaning of Pocahontas's final talk with John Smith?
How did Pocahontas die?
Was there a Powhatan prophecy?
When did the balance of power shift from the Powhatans to the English?
How big a part did European diseases play in the Jamestown story?
On Custalow's 'True Story'
How the Indians Lost Their Land
Notes in the Margins
The Disney representation of Pocahontas
Links to articles - Disney
Emerson Goes to the Movies
On "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt"
Powhatan Tribes
Reservation Photos
The Abduction of Pocahontas - Virginia Historical Society
The controversy in the Pocahontas abduction story rests mainly in that it happened at all. Pocahontas had been an early visitor to Jamestown in the days when Chief Wahunsenaca and his people were providing food to the desperate settlers. Her abduction several years later was obviously cruel payment for her and her father's kind diplomacy. But by 1613, the settlers no longer viewed the Powhatans as friendly (indeed they were at intermittent war with them), and Pocahontas:s value as a bargaining chip outweighed any feelings of gratitude the settlers may have had for her. (Plus, most of the settlers who knew her personally were either dead or had gone back to England.)
Whether the incident happened as Captain Samuel Argall described it has not been terribly controversial among historians, as most of the recent biographies and histories tell the story in pretty much the same way, although we've probably all become a bit more sophisticated about our understanding of the Patawomeck point of view. I don't know that I can add anything of historical record to cast doubt on the widely-held view of the story, but I think it's worth noting that we are relying on Samuel Argall's account via Ralph Hamor, John Smith and Samuel Purchas, and none* of the three reporters were actual witnesses of the events that Argall described. Smith and Purchas weren't even in Virginia at the time. [* I'm still trying to verify if Ralph Hamor was present in Passapatanzy or not; but it seems that he wasn't.]
The basic story is as follows:
In March 1613, Captain Samuel Argall sailed to the Potomac River to trade with the friendly Patawomeck tribe. Traveling so far to trade had become necessary due to the ongoing war between the Powhatans and the English. Argall learned that Pocahontas was visiting the Patawomecks, perhaps to trade, and he decided it was an excellent opportunity to capture her and hold her for ransom in order to persuade Wahunsenaca to repatriate a number of white settlers then living with the Powhatans, as well as to get him to return some tools and guns that had been stolen. To get Pocahontas onto the boat, Argall pressured Japazaws (a lesser chief, whose name has different spellings in the various accounts) to make it happen, saying that if he didn't cooperate, they would no longer be friends. Japazaws, understandably, protested, saying that his tribe would be vulnerable to reprisals by Powhatan. Argall assured him that the English would protect his tribe against Powhatan. He also offered a copper kettle as payment. Japazaws and his wife subsequently persuaded Pocahontas to board the ship, on the pretext that Japazaws's wife wanted to see it and needed Pocahontas to accompany her. If Argall is to be believed, the stratagem worked as planned, and the abduction occurred without a hitch. {For a more dramatic and detailed account, see the David Price version below. Original chronicler Ralph Hamor and John Smith's accounts are at the bottom of the page.]
My comment:
In recent years, the portrayal of Japazaws has become a bit controversial. In Argall's telling, it appears Japazaws capitulates rather easily and gives up Pocahontas for payment of a mere copper kettle. This seems much like the story of Judas offering up the whereabouts of Jesus for a few pieces of silver, so one has to wonder if this is historically accurate or a literary embellishment. John Smith must have seen the connection to Judas himself, as he referred to Japazaws as "the old Jew," meaning "betrayer" in his account (see early chronicler accounts below.) The interpretation of "Jew" as betrayer comes from John M. Thompson in The Journals of Captain John Smith (2007) p. 184.
Added 5/27/2019
I wrote "mere copper kettle" in the above paragraph, but actually, it may be worthwhile to quote Ben C. McCary, from Indians in t Seventeenth-Century Virginia, (1957) on the value copper had for the Powhatan Indians.
"The most highly valued ornaments were made of copper. It seems well established that the Indians had a small source of the metal near Virgilina, Virginia. The best known major source was the Lake Superior region.
The ownership of copper was limited almost entirely to the men and women of the better sort. Powhatan showed great avidity for copper, and whenever he visited the other werowances, he expected them to present him with "copper beads or vitall." He ranked copper with good meat, women, children, comfort, and hatchets.
Native copper had to be hammered into shape because the Indians had not learned the art of smelting. Breastplates, pendants, beads, head-bands, and various ornaments for the hair and ears were made of this metal. Chains of copper, and beads were also placed on the images of their god Oke, and on the bodies of their dead kings.
As soon as the English learned of the Indian's love of copper, they began to use it as an important article of trade. Copper would usually open the door for trade with Powhatan, or with the other chiefs. On one occasion, in the dead of winter, January 1609, when food was scarce, and when Powhatan did not seem disposed to trade, a copper kettle provided the stimulus and Captain Smith was able to bargain for eighty bushels of corn in exchange for it." p. 29, 30
Camilla Townsend, in Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma (2004) has the following explanation for why the Patawomecks agreed to turn Pocahontas over to the English:
"The Patowomeck were the most distant northern members of the loosely bound coalition of peoples who paid tribute to Powhatan. As such, they were probably the most recalcitrant of his subjects. Despite paying the taxes, they often had to deal with non-Algonkian enemy peoples in or near their territories and so experienced the least degree of security of any tribe in the network. In addition, their contact with northern peoples meant that they had access to a wide variety of unusual trade goods, such as furs, which were in growing demand. If they could strengthen an alliance with the English and become the local purveyors of European goods, they stood to become wealthy indeed. Freedom from the paramount chieftainship might have looked appealing. They also knew enough about the English to realize that Argall meant it when he promised English vengeance: even now, seven shipboard guns were aimed at the village of Yapassus." p. 103
The current iteration of the Patawomeck tribe has this on its history page of the tribe's official website:
"In the 17th century, at the time of early English colonization, the tribe was a component of the Powhatan Confederacy. At times it was allied with others in the confederacy, and at others, the Patawomeck allied with the English.
1612 The Patawomecks traded corn with Capt. Samuel Argall and made a defensive alliance with the English against Powhatan.
1613 The Patawomecks helped the English in capturing Pocahontas. Her mother is considered by most authorities to have been a Patawomeck woman."
(Retrieved from Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia website Feb. 24, 2018)
From Paula Gunn Allen, Pocahontas: Medicine Woman Spy Entrepreneur Diplomat (2003)
"So, one can just imagine. Here comes the great white bird ship, and her chance to steal away from her duties and her burdens, her young husband and her ceremonial responsibilities, her chance to complete the truly important task her real vision and her spirit teachers directed her to complete. Of course, she goes for it. Wouldn't you? After all, she is 16 years old, a married woman, and all grown up. She knows what's right and what's wrong: right is enacting her vision; wrong is pushing it aside.
Of course, her abductors don't know they are actually the means - and ends - whereby the requirements of Dream-Vision culture, as they apply to her, are to be made real, part of the explicate order. She knows that they have their own agenda, and she has a plan about that. She will do as they ask; she will undertake to learn whatever they require, speak well, be always in her dignity and power, but amiable, compliant. There's a lot more at stake that [sic] just her wanton whims, after all.
Never mind they think they're gonna get food, guns, and what-all for their pains. Never mind that they hope to cow her "father," who isn't her father, but there's no point in pointing that out to them. They'd never believe a young thing like her anyway. Besides, she's a "salvage," as Smith writes, and she has "salvage" agendas of the manito and therefore of her own. She is savvy enough to know how ugly they would get if they knew she, with the knowledge and concurrence of the Council of Elders, was having them on." p. 124
Paula Gunn Allen states here that Pocahontas was not at all duped into being captured, but with complete understanding of what would happen, purposely boarded the ship to fulfill her dream vision. Gunn Allen's inspiration for this viewpoint presumably comes from her Laguna Pueblo experience and from her academic background in literature. While I'm not terribly persuaded of the likelihood of this version, I do find it intriguing, and I applaud Gunn Allen's 'out of the box' thinking. I can't prove her wrong, as it amounts to speculation about Pocahontas's thoughts and motivations. Authors have been speculating about Pocahontas for centuries. I appreciate that Gunn Allen presents this as her belief about Pocahontas and not 'historic fact' handed down from her great-grandmother by way of oral tradition. And though the spiritual aspect of this telling is in conflict with my own tendency to accept only hard evidence and "facts," I recognize that this version has resonance with some Native American individuals. When I attended the "Pocahontas and After" conference in London in March of 2017, one of the Native American speakers referenced this book as having deeply affected her thoughts on Pocahontas. She said that previously, she had more or less dismissed Pocahontas as being a white man's creation, and someone who did not seem at all like an Indian ancestor. After reading Gunn Allen's book, however, she had a new appreciation for Pocahontas's possible motivations, and she became able to see her as a significant Native American of the past.
Interestingly, Gunn Allen asserts that Wahunsenaca (Powhatan) was not Pocahontas's real father, but rather a powerful chief with the honorific title of "Father." She seems to laugh at all of us (including, presumably the Pamunkey Indians) who can only imagine that Pocahontas was Wahunsenaca's direct progeny, as often stated by the original chroniclers. I'm not sure what motivated Gunn Allen to take this stance, but it may help to explain, from her viewpoint, why Pocahontas was not immediately ransomed after her abduction.
Stephen Carr Hampton, from "America, Meet the Real Pocahontas" at his blog, Memories of the People
"These facts are well-documented: Pocahontas was kidnapped by the men of Jamestown. Then, while in captivity, she was impregnated by and married to one of her captors, John Rolfe. Like one of the Boko Haram girls."
"Pocahontas was now 17. She was married to Kocoum and had a child. Because Powhatan feared the English might kidnap her, she moved out of her father's village to another up Potomac Creek. But the English found her, killed her husband, and took her captive."
"Powhatan paid her ransom, so the English demanded a second ransom. Pocahontas' captivity dragged on. They allowed relatives to visit her, but they would not release her."
Hampton is a Cherokee writer from California. He clearly has a harsher view of the events surrounding Pocahontas's abduction than we typically see in the history books. I can't say I agree with his comparison of Pocahontas's marriage with John Rolfe to one of the forced marriages of the Boko Haram girls--Powhatan girls weren't abducted in great numbers (as far as we know), and I don't think any Boko Haram girls got to meet the queen of England--but I recognize this as a Native American viewpoint that would differ from the standard, English account. I have some gripes with a few of the details though.
"(Pocahontas) .... had a child" - There is no evidence of a child at the time, but since she was of child-bearing age and she was presumably married to Kocoum, it would be possible, perhaps likely, that she had a child. Unfortunately, there is no record of a child in any of the English accounts, the only accounts of Pocahontas's life from that era that remain.
"Because Powhatan feared the English might kidnap her, she moved out of her father's village ..." We have no idea why she was visiting the Patowomecks, though the English described it as a trading mission (not that they would actually know either). Hampton's reason for her being there is speculation, and doesn't explain whether the 100 or so other children of Powhatan were afforded the same security precautions. That seems highly unlikely.
" ... the English ... killed her husband" - There is no evidence of this. I don't doubt that they would have killed him had he tried to intervene, but there is simply no record of him being there, or whether he was even alive at the time. Maybe it happened this way. We'll never know.
"Powhatan paid the ransom so the English demanded a second ransom." - That's kind of an interesting take on the incident. I'll need to review the records again to comment on this. My recollection is that according to the English, the ransom wasn't paid in full, so the English maintained a hard line. I'll come back to this sometime.
Added May 19, 2019
David Price, in Love & Hate in Jamestown (2003), gives a dramatic, if slightly over the top account of the Pocahontas abduction.
"Almost as soon as Japazeus greeted him, Argall delivered an ultimatum: he must prove his affection by betraying Pocahontas into his hands that day. If he did, there would be a reward for him. If he did not, Argall said, "we would be no longer brothers, nor friends." p. 149.
Japazeus, understandably, blanched at the idea. It was absurd. Pocahontas, now around 16 years old, was well-known to be the great chief's 'delight and darling.' Selling the English corn was one thing; This would make him Powhatan's mortal enemy. No doubt, Japazeus pondered visions of being tied up, his limbs sliced with mussel shells, and then ...
Argall listened to Japazeus's objections, and assured him there was nothing to fret about. He would treat Pocahontas with the greatest courtesy, he said. If Powhatan were rash enough to wage war against Passapatanzy [the location of the Patawomecks], the English would intervene and beat him back.
On the latter point, Argall was talking through his hat. Japazeus took him at his word, though, and took the proposition to his brother, the werowance of all the Patawomecks. Surprisingly, after a few hours of deliberation, they agreed.
Once Japazeus gave his word, he was a model accomplice. He and his wife quickly conceived a plan to bring Pocahontas to the riverbank, whereupon his wife would act as if she were overcome with curiosity about Argall's ship. Accordingly, Japazeus and his wife brought Pocahontas on a stroll past the ship late that afternoon. There, his wife, (whose name, unfortunately, is unrecorded) asked if they could go aboard and look around. Japazeus turned her down with a show of irritation. His wife, pretending her feelings were hurt, started to sob--'as who knows not that women can command tears!' remarked Hamor in his account of the incident. p. 149
Japazeus, feigning pity for his wife, soothed her by backtracking and agreeing that she could go on board, on one condition. It would not do to leave Pocahontas, he told her. If Pocahontas would be willing to join them, that would be fine. Now his wife turned to their young companion. Pocahontas declined at first to go along--possibly she sensed that something was amiss--but finally acceded to her friend's 'earnest persuasions.' p. 150
Argall entertained the party with supper on board his ship, the Treasurer. Japazeus and his wife kept their countenances merry to set Pocahontas at ease. They gave Argall a good-natured kick under the table every so often, which Argall took to be a reminder of their eagerness for their reward.
He obliged them after supper. The visitors decided to spend the night, with Pocahontas in agreement, so he escorted Pocahontas to her quarters. Once out of Pocahontas's earshot, Japazeus and his wife told Argall proudly of the subterfuge with which they had conned Powhatan's daughter. For their pains, Argall gave them a small copper kettle and some even more trifling presents. The reward was not trifling in the eyes of its recipients, however: Japazeus could offer them to the Patawomeck god of rain, Quioquascacke, to placate him when the rainfall was too heavy or too little. The couple retired to their room on the ship with a feeling of satisfaction, the reward 'so highly by him {Japazeus] esteemed that doubtless he would have betrayed his own father for them.' p. 150
The next morning, Pocahontas woke up fearful and apprehensive. The murmurs of doubt that she felt the afternoon before had become full-throated voices of alarm. She hurried to the quarters of Japazeus and his wife and woke them up, urging them to leave for their safety's sake. Argall now presented himself and explained that Japazeus and his wife were free to go. Pocahontas, he said, would have to stay as his honored guest--at which, Hamor wrote, 'she began to be exceeding pensive and discontented.' Argall explained that her father had seven English prisoners and many stolen swords, guns, and tools, for which he would shortly redeem her. p. 150
To remove himself from suspicion, Japazeus expressed shock and outrage at Argall. He and his wife then went shoreside with their loot. Pocahontas remained as a prisoner, still unaware that Japazeus had been the engineer of her capture.[4]." {Price cites Hamor (1615), Argall from the letter to Nicholas Hawes (1613), and John Smith (1614?). He also cites Spelman (1609) for the name of he Patawomeck god of rain. p. 267]
My comment;
As strange and TV drama-like as this version of the abductions story is, the details included here were actually recorded by Ralph Hamor back in 1613 (see below) However,, when I read this account, I can't help feeling that it couldn't have quite happened this way (though obviously, I don't know for sure). Beyond the basic acts of Argall threatening Japazaws to produce Pocahontas, and him complying to protect his tribe, the rest seems like writer embellishment. I find the idea of Japazaws and his wife both quickly falling into the roles of starry-eyed sightseers for the purpose of deceiving their formerly honored guest, Pocahontas, and then kicking Argall under the table to remind him of their copper kettle, to be farcical. The story likely entertained readers back in the day, though, as it does even now. I also feel that it is this portrayal of Japazaws and his wife as eager accomplices in Pocahontas's abduction that motivated folks like Paula Gunn Allen and Linwood Custalow to create their equally imaginative but opposite versions.
James Horn tells the same story, but without the comedic elements. Compare this version with the one above and think about how differently Native Americans are portrayed in the two accounts. In Price's defense, we should note that the comedic details were present in the source material. However, Horn has evidently determined that those details were either embellishments or too unfair to the Indians, or a combination of both. From A Land as God Made It (2005) by James Horn.
"[Pocahontas] happened to be staying with the Patawomecks in the spring of 1613 to 'exchange some of her father's commodities for theirs' and visit friends. On hearing from some Indians that Pocahontas was in the area, Argall devised a plan to hold her hostage in return for English prisoners taken by the Powhatans in recent raids. p. 212
Approaching his close friend and adopted brother, Iopassus (also an old acquaintance of John Smith's), werowance of the Pasptanzie, Argall told him his plan and offered assurances that he would not harm Pocahontas. If he did not agree to cooperate, the captain went on, they would no longer be brothers and the peace between them would be at an end. If he did help and as a consequence the Powhatans made war on the Patawomecks, then the English would join them against Wahunsonacock's warriors. Iopassus reported this to his brother, the 'great King of Patawomeck,' who after a lengthy council meeting agreed to Argall's plan. Shortly after, Iopassus and his wife enticed Pocahontas aboard the Englishman's ship and, after a 'merry' supper, the Indians spent the night on board. The next morning, Iopassus and his wife were rewarded with a small copper kettle and 'other less valuable toies' and left. Argall informed Pocahontas she would have to stay on board and return with him to Jamestown." p. 212
A minor question that comes to my mind is whether or not Pocahontas's capture was premeditated or merely an opportunistic act. Grace Steele Woodward seemed to think it was planned. She wrote in Pocahontas (1969), "For several years the English had contemplated capturing certain key Powhatans and using them as hostages to force Chief Powhatan to negotiate." p. 151. "The plot may have originated with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale, both of whom were now living in Virginia, or perhaps even with London Company officials. At any rate, Argall was enthusiastic about the idea. He was resolved 'to possess myself of her by any strategem that I could use.' p. 153
Woodward was a little vague on details of the "plot" to capture Pocahontas. She made it sound like Argall went to the Patawomecks with the express purpose of capturing Pocahontas. In fact, it's unlikely that Argall knew Pocahontas was there, but rather took the opportunity to capture her when he learned of her presence after he arrived.
Early chronicler accounts
Samuel Argall 1613, to Nicholas Hawes, from "A Letter of Sir Samuell Argall touching his Voyage to Virginia, and Actions there"
Whilst I was in this business, I was told by certaine Indians, my friends, that the Great Powhatans Daughter Pokahuntis was with the great King Patowoneck, whether I presently repaired, resolving to possesse myselfe of her by any strategem that I could use, for the ransoming of so many Englishmen as were prisoners with Powhatan; as also to get such armes and tooles, as hee, and other Indians had got by murther and stealing from others of our Nation, with some quantitie of corne, for the Colonies reliefe.
From "A TRUE DISCOURSE OF THE PRESENT ESTATE OF VIRGINIA" by Ralph Hamor, printed 1615
The general letters upon my knowledge, directed and sent to the honourable Virginia Councell, being most of them (though my selfe most unworthy) by me penned have intimated, how that the everworthy gentlemá Capt. Argall in the heate of our home furies & disagreements by his best experience of the dispositió of those people, partly by gentle usage & partly by the composition & mixture of threats hath ever kept faire & friendly quarter with our neighbours bordering on other rivers of affinity, yea consanguinity, no lesse neere then brothers to Powhatan, such is his well knowne temper and discretion, yea to this passe hath he brought them, and they assuredly trust upon what he promiseth, and are as carefull in performing their mutuall promises, as though they contended to make that Maxim, that there is no faith to be held with Infidels, a meere and absurd Paradox: Nay as I have heard himselfe relate, who is fide dignus, they have even bin pensive and discontented with themselves, because they knew not how to doe him some acceptable good turne, which might not onely pleasure him, but even be profitable to our whole Collonie, and Plantation, yea ever assuring him that when the times should present occasion, they would take hold of her forelocke, and be the instruments to worke him con-B2tent, and even thus they proved themselves as honest performers, as liberall promisers. It chaunced Powhatans delight and darling, his daughter Pocahontas, (whose fame hath even bin spred in England by the title of Nonparrella of Virginia) in her princely progresse, if I may so terme it, tooke some pleasure (in the absence of Captaine Argall (to be among her friends at Pataomecke (as it seemeth by the relation I had) imploied thither, as shopkeepers to a Fare, to exchange some of her fathers commodities for theirs, where residing some three months or longer, it fortuned upon occasion either of promise or profit, Captaine Argall to arrive there, whom Pocahantas, desirous to renue his familiaritie with the English, and delighting to see them, as unknowne, fearefull perhaps to be surprised, would gladly visit, as she did, of whom no sooner had Captaine Argall intelligence, but he delt with an old friend, and adopted brother of his Iapazeus, how and by what meanes he might procure hir captive, assuring him, that now or never, was the time to pleasure him, if he entended indeede that love which he had made profession of, that in ransome of hir he might redeeme some of our English men and armes, now in the possession of her Father, promising to use her withall faire, and gentle entreaty: Iapazeus well assured that his brother, as he promised would use her curteously promised his best indeavours and secrecie to accomplish his desire, and thus wrought it, making his wife an instrument (which sex have ever bin most powerfull in beguiling inticements) to effect his plot which hee had thus laid, he agreed that himselfe, his wife, and Pocahuntas, would accompanie his brother to the water side, whether come, his wife should faine a great and longing desire to goe aboorde, and see the shippe, which being there three or foure times, be- fore she had never seene, and should bee earnest with her hushand to permit her: he seemed angry with her, making as he pretended so unnecessary a request, especially being without the company of women, which deniall she taking unkindely, must faine to weepe, (as who knows not that women can command teares) whereupon her husband seeming to pitty those counterfeit teares, gave her leave to goe aboord, so that it would please Pochahuntas to accompany her; now was the greatest labour to win her, guilty perhaps of her fathers wrongs, though not knowne as she supposed to goe with her, yet by her earnest perswasions, she assented: so forth with aboord they went, the best cheere that could be made was seasonably provided, to supper they went, merry on all hands, especially Iapazeus and his wife, who to expres their joy, would ere be treading upó Capt. Argals foot, as who should say tis don, she is your own. Supper ended, Pochahuntas was lodged in the Gunners roome, but Iapazeus and his wife desired to have some conference with their brother, which was onely to acquaint him by what stratagem they had betraied his prisoner, as I have already related: after which discourse to sleepe they went, Pocahuntas nothing mistrusting this policy, who nevertheless being most possessed with feare, and desire of returne, was first up, and hastened Iapazeus to be gon. Capt.Argall having secretly well rewarded him, with a small Copper kettle, and som other les valuable toies so highly by him esteemed, that doubtlesse he would have betrayed his owne father for them, permitted both him and his wife to returne, but told him, that for divers considerations, as for that his father had then eigh of our English men, many swords, peeces, and other tooles, which he had at severall times by trecherons murdering our men, taken from them which though of no use to him, he would not redeliver, he would reserve Pocahuntas, whereat she began to be exceeding pensive, and discontented, yet ignorant of the dealing of Iapazeus, who in outward appearance was no less discontented that he should be the meanes of her captivity, much a doe there was to perswade her to be patient, which with extraordinary curteous usage, by little and little was wrought in her, and so to James towne she was brought, a messenger to her father forthwith dispached to advertise him, that his only daughter was in the hands & possession of the English: ther to be kept til such times as he would ransom her with our men, swords, peeces, & other tools treacherously taken from us: the news was unwelcome, and troublesom unto him, partly for the love he bare to his daughter, and partly for the love he bare to our men his prisoners, of whom though with us they were unapt for any imployment) he made great use: and those swords, and peeces of ours, (which though of no use to him) it delighted him to view, and looke upon.
link to "A True Discourse" at Virtual Jamestown: First-hand Accounts
From The General Historie of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles by John Smith (1624) link
© This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.
Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer. Captaine Argals arriuall.
How Pocahontas was taken prisoner.
Since there was a ship fraughted with prouision, and fortie men; and another since then with the like number and prouision, to stay twelue moneths in the Countrie, with Captaine Argall, which was sent not long after. After hee had secreated and refreshed his Companie, hee was sent to the Riuer Patawomeake, to trade for Corne, the Saluages about vs hauing small quarter, but friends and foes as they found aduantage and opportunitie: But to conclude our peace, thus it happened. Captaine Argall, hauing entred into a great acquaintance with Iapazaws, an old friend of Captaine Smiths, and so to all our Nation, euer since hee discouered the Countrie: hard by him there was Pocahontas, whom Captaine Smiths Relations intituleth the Numparell of Virginia, and though she had beene many times a preseruer of him and the whole Colonie, yet till this accident shee was neuer seene at Iames towne since his departure, being at Patawomeke, as it seemes, thinking her selfe vnknowne, was easily by her friend lapazaws perswaded to goe abroad with him and his wife to see the ship, for Captaine Argall had promised him a Copper Kettle to bring her but to him, promising no way to hurt her, but keepe her till they could conclude a peace with her father; the Saluage for this Copper Kettle would haue done any thing, it seemed by the Relation; for though she had seene and beene in many ships, yet hee caused his wife to faine how desirous she was to see one, and that hee offered to beat her for her importunitie, till she wept. But at last he told her, if Pocahontas would goe with her, hee was content: and thus they betraied the poore innocent Pocahontas aboord, where they were all kindly feasted in the Cabbin. Iapazaws treading oft on the Captaines foot, to remember he had done his part, the Captaine when he saw his time, perswaded Pocahontas to the Gun-roome, faining to haue some conference with Iapazaws, which was onely that she should not perceiue hee was any way guiltie of her captiuitie: so sending for her againe, hee told her before her friends, she must goe with him, and compound peace betwixt her Countrie and vs, before she euer should see Powhatan, whereat the old Iew and his wife began to howle and crie as fast as Pocahontas, that vpon the Captaines faire perswasions, by degrees pacifying herselfe, and Iapazaws and his wife, with the Kettle and other toies, went merrily on shore, and shee to Iames towne. A messenger forthwith was sent to her father, that his daughter Pocahontas he loued so dearely, he must ransome with our men, swords, peeces, tooles, &c. hee trecherously had stolne.
John Smith was in England (or off voyaging somewhere) at the time of Pocahontas's abduction, and so in his account, he is relying on the writings of Ralph Hamor. He was nowhere near Virginia and so his account has no eyewitness validity. Hamor's account, too, was probably secondhand, and Smith just repeated Hamor's words (plagiarism not being much of a thing in those days), so the accounts are virtually the same and of unknown accuracy. Smith does take the opportunity to interject "and thus they betraied the poore innocent Pocahontas," showing at least some level of regret for what happened to her. Smith seems to throw his "old friend" Japazaws under the bus, saying "the old Iew and his wife began to howle and crie". In the end, Smith, being English, doesn't seem to disagree with Argall's general strategy, as he says that the swords, pieces and tools of the settlers had been "trecherously ... stoln" by Powhatan (meaning Powhatan's men). However, he is repeating Hamor's choice of words when he says 'treacherously stolen,' giving the account a 'copy & paste' quality.
The American History Podcast has an episode in its Jamestown series called The Kidnapping of Pocahontas. The account of the kidnapping itself is dealt with fairly briefly in this podcast, as Sarah Tanksalvala (the narrator) chooses to spend more time. on the aftermath and Pocahontas's life in captivity. A transcript accompanies the audio on the website. The kidnapping incident is discussed around the 1:00 minute mark on the audio, and the podcast runs about 30 minutes total. As much as I like this podcast series in general, I find it disappointing that Tanksalvala takes Custalow's claims about Mattaponi history seriously. Hopefully someday she'll stumble across my page on his fictional account..
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England and the Summer Isles by Captain John Smith (PDF)
The Complete Works of Captain John Smith at Virtual Jamestown
A True Discourse of the present Estate of Virginia by Ralph Hamor at Virtual Jamestown
Return to Controversies page
(C) Kevin Miller 2018
Updated May 27, 2018


grinder machine rajpura - acerta-arden-ekiden.be. Sugar Grinders - Suppliers & Manufacturers in India - grinder machine rajpura, Business listings of Sugar Grinders manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in India along with their contact details & address.
mill perfect profectionel balram pur MTM trapezium grinder is designed for the needs of the ... chenillard a broyeur viticol broyeur dormak Professional .
DR SG9 PRO Stump Grinder at Tyson Mowers Lincoln.
In a nutshell, with this coffee grinder, you'll get a professional grade grinder, ... Grinders | Seattle Coffee Gear Browse coffee grinders and espresso grinders that will help you get the perfect cup! Find grinders and more from Seattle Coffee Gear.
dormak professional grinder; suspension grinder mill; grinder for rock phosphate; ... We have just a selection of our grinders and sanders listed on our website.
Do you need ball mill, ultra fine mill, roller mill,etc. Floorgriding Machine Learning. what is a concrete grinder ... dormak professional grinder - naatlyrics.co.in.


text:
← Silencer Central Awarded Ballistic's Best Editors' Select Award for Best Consumer Service
Introducing the ALL NEW "SYNCRON Holster" An unmatched On the Waistband concealed carry experience →
Blackhawk® To Sponsor Zach Rodman Throughout Tactical Games
VIRGINIA BEACH, Va. – February 17, 2022 – Blackhawk®, a leader in law enforcement and military equipment for over 20 years, is pleased to sponsor tactical athlete Zach Rodman during this year's Tactical Games. Rodman's first competition of the nine-match season will be at the Tactical Games Meridian, held February 19-20 in Meridian, Mississippi.
Outside of competition, Rodman has been a police officer for 15 years in Kokomo, Indiana. Rodman holds the rank of lieutenant and has been a member of the Kokomo SWAT Team for 12 years and a UC drug task force member for seven years. A family man, Rodman also coaches his son's baseball team and is involved in the Kokomo community.
"The Tactical Games provide an arena where competitors can test their decision making, training, equipment and mental approach," Rodman said. "The community surrounding the Tactical Games is second to none. Everyone learns from everyone. It's not often that you find a sport in which a competitor lends advice to another competitor. I believe these athletes help each other because they understand that elevating those around them is one of the most important things in life. Many competitors are servants in their everyday professions, so it's really no surprise."
Throughout the season, Rodman will be running Blackhawk T-Series holsters and new Foundation Series Tac Nylon gear, including plater carrier, belt and pouches. Blackhawk's T-Series holsters with leg straps are optimally designed to maintain proper holster position and security as competitors navigate unconventional obstacles throughout the Tactical Games. "Our team is outfitted with the same T-Series holster, so it's important to me to maintain a consistent draw between competition and work," said Rodman. "The T-Series leg strap adapter lets my leg move naturally but still secures the mid-ride holster to my leg when I run."
Foundation Series Tac Nylon gear gives competitors some of the lightest weight gear in its class without sacrificing durability or modularity, which is critical to maintaining speed and endurance while wearing heavy plater carriers. "On the carrier, the shoulders straps are flat in the chest area, which helps prevent the sling from snagging and allows for good placement of the stock while shooting," said Rodman. "It's a minimalist design that allows you to build it for the task at hand."
Blackhawk will follow Rodman as he competes throughout the Tactical Games, which culminates November 5-6 at the Tactical Games National Championship at Reveille Peak Ranch in Burnet, Texas.
Attendees at the upcoming Tactical Games Meridian will be able visit the Blackhawk booth to check out T-Series holsters and Foundation Series Tac Nylon gear. Based on podium position, winners in each category will have the opportunity to win a Foundation Series gun belt, IFAK pouch and dump pouch, or a Blackhawk holster.
"I have used everything from Blackhawk – from gloves, to holsters, to bags – for years as a police officer," Rodman said. "I finally tore the pair of SOLAG hard knuckle gloves I was issued ten years prior. That same dependability has been consistent across the board with Blackhawk gear."
In 1990, a Navy SEAL was navigating a minefield when his pack failed. As his gear tumbled to the ground, he vowed that if he got out of there alive he would make gear the right way. Today, this obsession with quality applies to everything we do. We're constantly researching, refining and perfecting every detail to provide gear that won't let you down. Because we're not just making stuff – we're honoring a vow.
This entry was posted in competitions and tagged Blackhawk, tactical games, Zach Rodman. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Phones/Tablets/Mobile Tech
Uber Now Offering Rides In $1.1 Million Hybrid McLaren P1 Until Oct. 30
Dave Calpito, Tech Times 28 October 2015, 01:10 am
In a bid to promote its show billed "Breakthrough," National Geographic has partnered with Uber. The partnership will bring a bevy of hybrid, electric as well as alternative-fuel vehicles including the $1.1 million McLaren P1 to New York City to offer passengers absolutely free rides.
As such, those who wish to take a ride in a McLaren P1 in New York, all they need to do is to Uber it.
How To Avail Of The Promo
Uber users only need to open the application and key in the promo code: BREAKTHROUGH.
It is worth noting, though, that users can't request the McLaren P1 specifically. However, they will be picked up with any of the cool vehicles available, which include a Tesla Model S, a BMW i8, a biodiesel Porsche Cayenne, a slew of solar-powered prototypes plus a lot more.
It is important to note that the promo is only available in Manhattan below 59th street and it will run from Oct. 27 to Oct. 30, between 12 p.m. and 7 p.m.
Powerful Hybrid Supercar
The McLaren P1 is equipped with a 3.8-liter twin-turbo v8. It boasts 727 horsepower amplified by a 176-horsepower electric motor, giving a total of 903 horsepower.
What's more, this exclusive car can be driven in silent and full-electric mode up to six miles.
It can sprint a quarter-mile distance within 9.8 seconds from a full stop, signifying that this car is indeed blazingly fast.
National Geographic's newest show will feature "real-time scientific discovery." As such, a few vehicles that spell out the cutting edge of automotive technology were picked as part of the promotion, including the stunning P1.
"'Breakthrough' provides a thought-provoking and imaginative perspective on scientific discovery as it unfolds, revealing the world of tomorrow…today," says National Geographic in a blog post.
Each and every episode will follow scientific explorers who are working on newest and most advanced projects which have breakthrough potential.
A few of the notable discoveries the show will follow include finding a way to stop brain seizures, creating an Ebola vaccine, producing a new approach in collecting water and more.
"Breakthrough" premieres on Nov. 1.
Tags: Uber National Geographic McLaren P1 New York Tesla Model S BMW i8
Uber Aiming To Spread Service In New York
Survey Reveals Uber And Lyft Drivers Are Mostly Newbies Who Earn Very Little
Uber Accidentally Leaks Personal Information Of Hundreds Of U.S. Drivers
Wheeliz Startup Is The Uber Alternative For People With Disabilities: Peer-To-Peer Wheelchair Adapted Car Rental
Dutch Authorities Raid Uber European HQ, Say Ride-Sharing Company Is 'Possibly Criminal'


So, the Education Week report about improved high school graduation rates is welcome news.
Individualized Graduation Reports Issued for All 50 States and D.C.
WASHINGTON—June 7, 2012—A new national report from Education Week and the Editorial Projects in Education (EPE) Research Center finds that the nation's graduation rate has posted a solid gain for the second straight year, following a period of declines and stagnation. Amid this continuing turnaround, the nation's graduation rate has risen to 73 percent, the highest level of high school completion since the late 1970s. The report shows that the nation's public schools will generate about 90,000 fewer dropouts than the previous year. Nationwide improvements were driven, in large part, by impressive gains among Latino students.
The nation's 12.1 million Latino schoolchildren encounter significant barriers on the road to educational success: language challenges, poverty, lagging achievement, low rates of high school and college completion, and, more recently, a wave of state laws targeting illegal immigrants that have put additional strain on Hispanic students, families, and communities. The 2012 edition of Diplomas Count—Trailing Behind, Moving Forward: Latino Students in U.S. Schools—takes a closer look at the state of schooling for this population of students, the challenges they face, and the lessons learned from some of the schools, districts, organizations, and communities that work closely with Latino students.
The report—part of an ongoing project conducted by the Bethesda, Md.-based Editorial Projects in Education—also tracks graduation policies for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and presents an updated analysis of graduation patterns for the nation, states, and the country's 50 largest school systems. The new analysis focuses on the class of 2009, the most recent year for which data are available.
The class of 2009 marked the end of a decade—punctuated by periods of sluggish growth and some troubling reversals—during which the nation's graduation rate rose by more than 7 percentage points. These improvements have been widespread. Forty-four states have posted gains ranging from a fraction of a point to more than 20 points. All major demographic groups have also improved, with the drive toward higher graduation rates led by African-Americans and Latinos, both of which have posted improvements of 10 percentage points over the last 10 years.
While such signs of progress are reason for encouragement, that optimism is tempered by the reality that far too many young people are still failing to complete a high school education. Diplomas Count projects that 1.1 million students from this year's high school class will not graduate with a diploma. That amounts to 6,000 students lost each school day, or one student every 29 seconds.
Because the Latino graduation rate, at 63 percent, lags substantially behind the U.S. average, this group makes up a disproportionate number of the students who do not finish high school. Of the 1.1 million members of the class of 2012 that we project will fail to graduate with a diploma, about 310,000 (or 27 percent) will be Latinos. Two states—California and Texas—will produce half the nation's Hispanic dropouts.
The educational experiences of Latino students are largely reflected in—if not directly driven by—the characteristics of the communities in which they live and the school systems by which they are served. Latinos are much more likely than whites to attend districts that are large and highly urbanized, that serve high proportions of English-language learners, and that struggle with high levels of poverty and racial and socioeconomic segregation. Yet some schools, districts, and communities—including those profiled in the report—have demonstrated records of success serving diverse Latino populations.
In a special analysis conducted for Diplomas Count 2012, the EPE Research Center identified a nationwide group of large, majority-Hispanic districts that are beating odds when it comes to graduation rates. Topping the list is California's Lompoc Unified School District, which graduated 89 percent of its Latino students, compared with an expected rate of 67 percent. Three other districts "overachieved" by at least 15 percentage points: the Ceres Unified and Merced Union districts in California and Arizona's Yuma Union High School District. High-performing systems outside the West and Southwest included those serving Providence, R.I., and Yonkers, N.Y.
 The full Diplomas Count 2012 report and interactive tools: http://www.edweek.org/go/dc12.
 State Graduation Briefs for the 50 states and the District of Columbia featuring detailed data on current graduation rates and trends over time, definitions of college and work readiness, and state requirements for earning a high school diploma: http://www.edweek.org/go/dc12/sgb.
 The public release event for Diplomas Count 2012 will be streamed live in a simulcast from Washington, D.C. The webcast will be available at 10 a.m., EDT, on June 8 on edweek.org: http://www.edweek.org/ew/dc/2012/dc-livestream.html.
 EdWeek Maps, a powerful online database, lets users access graduation rates and other information for every school system in the nation and easily compare district, state, and national figures at maps.edweek.org.
The EPE Research Center is the research division of the Bethesda, Md.-based nonprofit Editorial Projects in Education. It conducts policy surveys, collects data, and performs analyses that appear in the annual Quality Counts, Technology Counts, and Diplomas Count reports. The center also conducts independent research studies and maintains the Education Counts and EdWeek Maps online data resources. The EPE Research Center is on the Web at http://www.edweek.org/rc.
This world is in a period of dislocation and upheaval as great as the period of dislocation which ushered in the "industrial revolution." The phrase "new, new thing" comes from a book by Michael Lewis about innovation in Silicon Valley. This historical period is between "new, new things" as the economy hopes that some new innovator will harness "green technology" and make it commercially viable as the economy needs the jump that only a "new, new thing" will give it. Peter S. Goodman has a fascinating article in the New York Times, Millions of Unemployed Face Years Without Jobs Unless, children are given a meaningful education which provides them with basic skills to adapt to a changing environment, the education system is producing a permanent underclass which will not be able to participate in the next "new, new thing." The U.S. Department of Education has issued the following Press Release which describes the new method for calculating graduation rates.
When the costs of investment to produce a new graduate are taken into account, there is a return of $1.45 to $3.55 for every dollar of investment, depending upon the educational intervention strategy. Under this estimate, each new graduate confers a net benefit to taxpayers of about $127,000 over the graduate's lifetime. This is a benefit to the public of nearly $90 billion for each year of success in reducing the number of high school dropouts by 700,000 — or something close to $1 trillion after 11 years. That's real money — and a reason both liberals and conservatives should rally behind dropout prevention as an element of economic recovery, leaving aside the ethical dimensions of educating our young people….
The implication of this work is that a focus on college readiness alone does not equip young people with all of the skills and abilities they will need in the workplace, or to successfully complete the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This was highlighted in a 2008 report published by Child Trends, which compared research on the competencies required for college readiness, workplace readiness and healthy youth development. The report found significant overlaps. High personal expectations, self-management, critical thinking, and academic achievement are viewed as highly important for success in all three areas. But the report also uncovered some striking differences. For instance: while career planning, previous work experience, decision making, listening skills, integrity, and creativity are all considered vital in the workplace, they hardly figure in college readiness.
What is the IB Career-related Certificate (IBCC)?
The IBCC incorporates the educational principles, vision and learner profile of the IB into a unique offering that specifically addresses the needs of students who wish to engage in career-related education. The IBCC encourages these students to benefit from elements of an IB education, through a selection of two or more Diploma Programme courses in addition to a unique IBCC core, comprised of an approaches to learning (ATL) course, a reflective project, language development and community and service.
This new qualification is designed to provide a "value added" educational offering to schools that already offer the IB Diploma Programme and are also delivering career-related courses to their students.
What is a 'career-related education'?
Career-related qualifications use different terminology in different parts of the world. They can be described as vocational, professional or technical qualifications and there will be other definitions in different local or national systems.
How does the IBCC prepare a student for the future?
The IBCC prepares students for flexibility and mobility in a range of employment opportunities as well as continuing lifelong learning.
What are the aims of the IBCC?
The IBCC has four aims.
D) Reducing the 'academic versus vocational' divide.
What do students receive on completion of the IB Career-related Certificate (IBCC)?
Why should students choose the IB Career-related Certificate (IBCC)?
The IBCC provides an opportunity for more students to benefit from an IB education. The approach of blending local and international elements is an excellent solution to allow local economic, cultural and educational choices to be made according to the local or national context. Similarly, such a flexible framework will create a dynamic network of internationally minded schools sharing a vocabulary and educational aims for lifelong learning and responsible citizenship, collaborating to develop a truly international educational experience for their students.
What are the advantages to University entry of doing IBCC rather than two IB Diploma Programme courses?
The IBCC is a holistic qualification framework in its own right and the incorporation of the IBCC core gives greater overall value to the student. The IB expects this to be reflected in a slightly higher credit or tariff for the whole IBCC rather than two DP certificates alone. The value to the student in application to further or higher education is the linkage with a career-related qualification which, if passed to an appropriate standard or grade, will add further credit or tariff for the student's application to the further learning of his/her choice.
Is the IBCC recognized by universities?
The IBCC has been accredited by the UK education regulator (Ofqual) for accreditation. The IB will consult with schools in every country on the requirements of their national education framework and apply for accreditation or approval as required.
What sort of school can offer the IBCC?
Any IB World School authorized to offer the Diploma Programme can apply to offer the IBCC. The IBCC is likely to be very popular in where there is usually a history of offering a career-related course.
And then he goes back to the teacher and apologizes. Without prompting from Sporleder.
"The kid still got a consequence," explains Sporleder — but he wasn't sent home, a place where there wasn't anyone who cares much about what he does or doesn't do. He went in-school suspension, a quiet, comforting room where he can talk with the attending teacher, catch up on his homework, or just sit and think about how maybe he could do things differently next time.
Trauma-sensitive schools. Trauma-informed classrooms. Compassionate schools. Safe and supportive schools. All different names to describe a movement that's taking shape and gaining momentum across the country. And it all boils down to this: Kids who are experiencing the toxic stress of severe and chronic trauma just can't learn. It's physiologically impossible.
These kids express their toxic stress by dropping the F-bomb, skipping school, or being the "unmotivated" child, head down on the desk or staring into space. In other words, they're having typical stress reactions: fight, flight or freeze.
In trauma-sensitive schools, teachers don't punish a kid for "bad" behavior — they don't want to traumatize an already traumatized child. They dig deeper to help a child feel safe so that she or he can move out of stress mode, and learn again….
What's severe trauma? We're not talking falling on a playground and breaking a finger here. This trauma is gut-wrenching, life-bending and mind-warping: Living with an alcoholic parent or a parent diagnosed with depression or other mental illness. Witnessing a mother being abused (physically or verbally). Being physically, sexually or verbally abused. Losing a parent to abandonment or divorce. Homelessness. Being bullied. You can probably name a few others.
Since at least 2005, a few dozen individual schools across the U.S. have adopted some type of trauma-sensitive approach. But the centers of gravity for most of the action are in Massachusetts and Washington. These two states lead the way in taking a district-wide approach to integrating trauma-informed practices, with an eye to state-wide adoption.
This cutting-edge and vital contributor to education reform in the state had its roots in the expulsion crisis in the mid-1990's. MAC noticed in calls from parents a pattern of violence in the lives of many of the children who had been expelled or suspended from school. Working together with parents and experts across the disciplines of education, psychology, law, and neurobiology, MAC/CLSP organized the Task Force on Children Affected by Domestic Violence, which developed five working papers on the impact of domestic violence on education, family law and other matters. These papers laid the foundation for later advocacy and led to the development of TLPI.
In 2000, MAC joined in partnership with Lesley University's Center on Special Education to hold the first ever conference on the impact of trauma on learning. From that point the work on trauma and learning gained momentum as MAC worked with an interdisciplinary group of psychologists, educators, and attorneys to draft what would later be published as Helping Traumatized Children Learn (HTCL).
In 2004, MAC and Harvard Law School jointly recognized the importance of this work and entered into a formal partnership called the Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative (TLPI). In addition to advocacy at the state and national levels, TLPI teaches Harvard's law students MAC's signature multi-strategic approach to systemic change, harnessing their talents to represent individual families and participate in this powerful policy agenda.
Working with researchers to foster a clearer understanding of evidenced–based approaches that schools can use to ensure the success of traumatized children.
This project has grown to become an important force in Massachusetts education reform efforts. Through a combination of printed copies and internet downloads, it has disseminated more than 49,000 copies of its ground-breaking publication. It has trained over 10,000 educators, policymakers, parents and others on the impact of trauma on learning. TLPI also led advocacy efforts to pass MGL c. 69, Section 1N, which established a grant program to create "trauma-sensitive schools." The "Flexible Framework" for creating safe and supportive whole-school environments proposed in HTCL has served as a basis for the work of the Schools and Behavioral Health Task Force (created pursuant to Section 19 of the Children's Mental Health Law). It has also influenced the Model Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan, developed by DESE pursuant to Chapter 92 of the Acts of 2010 ("An Act Relative to Bullying"), and the Essential Conditions for School Effectiveness developed by DESE pursuant to Chapter 12 of the Acts of 2010 ("An Act Relative to the Achievement Gap").
For further information about Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative, send us an email.
Family First Aid has a good discussion about the types of behavior problems that result in suspension or expulsion. Dore Francis has a guide, which lists what parents should do if their child is suspended. The guide gives detailed instructions to these steps and other steps. Francis also lists what questions to ask after meeting with school officials.
Additionally, Family First Aid discusses the education questions a parent or guardian should ask when their child has been permanently excluded from a school setting because of behavior problems.
What options are there now that your teen has been expelled?
– Home School? Yes, your teen may get the academics, the grades, and the knowledge. But he will not learn to interact with others in a positive manner, and the original problem still exists.
– Alternative School? The focus at an alternative school is to finish the coursework for graduation. There is no focus on the original problem of why the student could not succeed socially in the regular school setting and again, the original problem still exists.
– Specialty School? There are several different kinds of specialty schools and programs. There are wilderness programs "boot camps" military schools, and religious schools. Some include academics and some do not. Some programs are an intense "wake up call" that last about a month, and others are long term. Some focus only on the child and some involve the entire family in the healing process.
If your child has a behavior disorder, one month of intense "wake up" won't change anything. It also won't change the peer group he has or his involvement with drugs and/or weapons.
In an Education Week article, Union Victory in LA Schools Showdown Ups Ante, Lesli A. Maxwell is reporting.
New Haven's turning one of its low-performing schools over to its teachers and the teachers' union in an experiment that shatters traditional definitions of American school reform.
Officials announced the news at a Wednesday afternoon press conference at High School in the Community (HSC).
Meanwhile, news swirled around the school as teachers found out their fate. All 31 teachers at the school had to reapply for their jobs. On Wednesday, some 21 teachers won the right to stay; the rest were guaranteed jobs elsewhere within the district.
Moods were mixed around the hallways.
A crew of younger teachers said they're looking forward to the flexibility to write their own curricula and continue working as a team.
Veteran calculus teacher Rob Orciuch refused to reapply for his job: After 32 years of teaching, he said, "I have to sit and beg for my job? I'm not going to take it." He'll be sent to work at another school.
The changes are taking place as HSC becomes New Haven's sixth "turnaround" school. (One, Hill Central, is technically a federally sanctioned "turnaround," not part of the city plan.) As part of the city's school reform drive, New Haven has designated some lower-performing schools as "turnarounds" in order almost to start from scratch and try new ideas. School leaders can change strict work rules that apply at traditional schools.
Labor unions nationally have cast a wary eye on such experiments, including those that turn control to charter organizations (as New Haven did with Roberto Clemente Academy). In fact, the city's local teachers union president, Dave Cicarella, had previously asked the city to take a "time out" this year from naming new turnarounds.
However, in the case of HSC, the city is turning management of the school over to the union itself, the New Haven Federation of Teachers.
But some educators and parents question whether such schools are the solution for urban districts, which typically have large concentrations of poor students and struggle with low test scores and discipline problems.
They say that most teachers have neither the time nor the expertise to deal with the inner workings of a school, like paying bills, conducting fire drills and refereeing faculty disputes.
Tim McDonald, an associate with Education Evolving, a policy group in St. Paul that supports teacher-led schools, said studies showed that when teachers were given control — much like doctors or lawyers running their own practices — schools had higher morale, less turnover, more efficient decision-making and greater motivation to improve.
Still, Mr. McDonald was skeptical that a truly collaborative model could succeed widely in school districts, unless it was somehow freed from the traditional bureaucracy.
James H. Lytle, an education professor at the University of Pennsylvania who teaches a course on urban school reform to Teach for America teachers, said the test of school leaders was whether they could make a school work smoothly.
The point is, there is no magic bullet or "Holy Grail" in education. There is what works to produce academic achievement in a given population of children.
Will a three year B.A. help more students afford college?
Yet for all its pocketbook appeal, the three-year concept hasn't taken off, particularly at public universities. Legislation in Rhode Island in 2009 and Washington last year encourages public universities to develop three-year options, but no programs have been proposed to date, officials in both states say. State budget challenges have pushed a University of California committee's recommendation to a back burner, says system spokesman Steve Montiel.
At Ohio State University, which must phase in three-year degrees beginning this fall, provost Joe Alutto says a three-year degree may be "misdirected for an institution such as ours." He told legislators last year that students who earned college credit in high school tend to add a minor or second major rather than graduate early.
Some skeptics worry about quality. "It's as if they put students on a conveyer belt and just speed them up and spray them with a fire hose and the students catch what they can," Southern New Hampshire University professor Marty Bradley says of models that compress four years into three. He pioneered a three-year degree on his campus in 1997 that required an overhaul of the curriculum.
For many students, a three year program will result in a huge savings, but there are risks for other students.
Mandee Heller Adler, Founder and Principal of International College Counselors writes in the article, 3-Year college degrees can save time and money, but is it worth it?
• Three years give a boost for ambitious students who know what they want to study.
• Students enter the workforce quicker and/or go on sooner for graduate study.
• An undergraduate's social experience could be compromised.
• College would tilt more toward job training and away from the broad-based education that many U.S. schools offer.
• Employers may then insist on a master's before they employ anyone and this will increase the cost to students of the future.
• Parents will pressure their students to enter a 3 year program and then students will have a miserable time, taking an overload of courses, and missing the experience of college.
• Students should enjoy these four years of freedom. They have the rest of their lives to work.
From my experience as a college advisor, my thought is, if you're smart and dedicated enough to graduate in 3 years, you can figure out how to do it on your own. AP credits, summer courses, and college credits gained during high school can be used to reach this goal. I work with a few high school freshmen now who are accumulating college credit. Their life goals may change in the next two years but the college credit can work favorable for them no matter what college or major they enter. I know more than a few students, including my sister, who graduated in three years or less without their colleges having to create a special program.
If you have any other college admissions questions for a college counselor, I'd be happy to answer them. Please write me here or at my personal email which can be found on my International College Counselors college counseling website.
There are also concerns that a three year program might not be appropriate for at-risk students.
The economic reasons for shortening college tenure are strong. Not only knocking out a year of tuition, room and board — a value of anywhere from $10,000 to $50,000 — they also reduce student loan interest and help students get a jump on paying their student loans back. The problem, says Karen Gross, president of Southern Vermont College in Bennington, Vt., is that the students most economically motivated to reduce their college costs are frequently the ones who need a four-year program the most.
Certain populations of students are more at-risk than others. Students from low-income, English as a second language and first-generation college backgrounds are less likely to complete a bachelor's degree than other students.
Tags: 3-Year college degrees can save time and money but is it worth it?, Accelerated Degree Program, At Public Universities Warnings of Privatization, College Access, College Admission, College Affordability, College prices up again as states slash budgets, Colleges Spend Far Less on Educating Students Than They Claim Report Says, Cut college tuition by getting 4-year degree in 3 years, Pros and cons of accelerated degree programs, Three Year B/A.


a series of industry insider podcasts with Randall Warnas.
FLIR provides excellent resources for drone service providers. Thermal imaging is a clear way to increase income and grow a drone busines – and FLIR's training webinars, videos, and other materials are the fastest way to level up your thermal skills.
The FLIR DELTA educational video series is absolutely packed with free downloadable tips, tricks and guides for using thermal drones. It is "street truth" for drone operators: not just the technology of thermal imaging but the how-to and best practices for delivering thermal services to clients. Now, Season 2 takes podcast form.


text:
How is "X" pronounced in English?
The letter x can sound (most often) like [gz] and [ks]:
[gz] in words like exam, exactly.
[ks] in word like extra, hexagon, etc.
I have found that x is pronounced [gz] whenever it's in or before the stressed syllable, and [ks] otherwise.
And in a few cases it sounds like [z] when at the beginning of a word.
Do you know other ways of pronouncing this letter? Or other facts that have something to do with its pronunciation?
american-english pronunciation phonetics letters-of-the-alphabet
edited Jul 21 '16 at 0:03
David Eldridge
MaurocrispinMaurocrispin
I don't think there's a general rule. For example: exorbitant /ɡz/ (stress in first syllable) but exogenous /ks/ (stress in first syllable). The only way is to check it out the phonetics. – Alejandro Jul 19 '16 at 19:50
Oh, but exogenous is also stressed in the second syllable and has /ks/. – Alejandro Jul 19 '16 at 19:59
Actually, there are many: expect, extent, extol, etc. – Alejandro Jul 19 '16 at 20:05
exile and execute are both pronounced with /ks/, at least in my experience. – stangdon Jul 19 '16 at 22:05
@Ustanak, maurocrispin The word exogenous has a different prefix from the word excerpt, for example. The prefixes are exo and ex respectively. For ex it depends on stress and then on the voicing of the following sound /gz/ when following sound is voiced, and /ks/ when it's voiceless. However, this rule may be overridden when the prefix is itself stressed. "Exo" on the other hand always has /ks/. – Araucaria - Not here any more. Jul 20 '16 at 7:56
As a rule of thumb, the prefix ex- is pronounced with /ks/ when the prefix is stressed.:
'excellent
'exit
'exile
'execute
When this prefix is not stressed, then if the first sound in the root (the part after the prefix) begins with a voiced sound, the prefix will be pronounced with /gz/:
ex'am
ex'asperate
ex'actly
ex'ist
This is still true, of course if the prefix is followed by a silent /h/ in the writing. In this case of course, the first sound in the root is a vowel sound:
ex'hibit
ex'haust
ex'hort
ex'hilaration
If the prefix is followed by an unvoiced sound, then it will be pronounced with /ks/
ex'pect /ɪkˈspekt/
ex'tol /ɪkˈstəʊl/
ex'hale /eks'heɪl/
ex'ceed /ɪkˈsiːd/
ex'foliate /eksˈfəʊlieɪt/
In the words above we see roots beginning with the following voiceless sounds respectively /p, t, h, s, f/ and so the prefix used /ks/ instead of /gz/.
There is a different prefix in English exo- meaning 'outer' or 'outside'. The meaning is similar to ex- which tends to mean 'out of' or 'from'. The prefix exo- is always pronounced with /ks/. It is a Greek prefix. Another Greek prefix, hex(a), meaning 'six', is also pronounced with /ks/:
X at the end of a word nearly always represents the sounds /ks/.
Very few words in English begin with X. Those that do are mostly from Greek and tend to be pronounced with /z/:
xanthar gum
Araucaria - Not here any more.Araucaria - Not here any more.
To the anonymous downvoter, care to explain the downvote? – Araucaria - Not here any more. Jul 20 '16 at 15:37
Won't do it. I can't imagine who did this when it's pure useful info. – Alejandro Jul 21 '16 at 2:44
+1 This is a solid and comprehensive answer. To add to it, I'd say that as far as I know, almost all words beginning with 'x' are borrowed from Greek and that they're always pronounced as /z/. I can't think of a single word that doesn't follow this pattern, so I'd call it quite predictable. I disagree with some of your IPA spellings, but that's just splitting hairs. In my dialect, they all begin with /e/ rather than the short 'i' /ɪ/. – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 4:34
+1, but I pronounce exit and exile with an /ɛɡz-/ , which is not uncommon in American Englishes. LL observes Brexit pronounced differently in news reports from opposite sides of the pond. – choster Jul 21 '16 at 16:51
@Araucaria Fair enough. I was strictly speaking of AmE; I tend to forget that American pronunciations are no more correct than those of any other dialect. It's still a great answer; I was nit-picking because it was so perfect. That was a lot of work on your part. – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 23:10
I think your summary is good for UK English. Any controversy would be in how to pronounce the leading X
You have stated the normal UK pronunciation, which I think follows from the French. If you see the X-men films you will see it pronounced
exavier
I have seen statistics that suggest that this is a more usual US pronunciation
djnadjna
Well... actually I think it is not just for uk. I think [gz] and [ks] are the common pronunciation, even for US English. Xavier could be pronunced /ˈzeɪvi.ər/ or /ˈseɪvi.ər/; like Zavier or Savier. – Maurocrispin Jul 19 '16 at 19:53
@Maurocrispin, it could be pronounced that way, but in the U.S. at least it is generally not. – The Photon Jul 20 '16 at 2:05
Actually, Xavier should be pronounced exactly the same as Javier. There was a sound shift in Spanish that moved /x/ (i.e voiceless velar fricative) from th letter x to j. That's why there are inconsistent spellings such as Mexico/Mejico. Mexico is the original spelling used by the Spanish, and it was pronounced exactly the same as Mejico. The Royal Spanish Academy changed spellings to reflect the sound shift. I do realize that non-Spanish speakers don't follow this however, with many people using the English/Modern Spanish /ks/ – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 4:27
@Giambattista: "Xavier" should be pronounced the same as "Javier" when people treat it as a loanword from modern Spanish. Often, it is instead treated as a normal English latinate word, with "x" = /z/. There are many other words that have been adapted like this based on the spelling, such as "zenith" with voiced /z/ from Arabic samt. – sumelic Jul 21 '16 at 17:56
@sumelic Yeah I know that people don't treat Xavier as a loanword, but at the end of the day, that's exactly what it is, and that was my point. I'm not familiar with the /z/ pronunciation, but I'm sure it exists. In the US, it's commonly pronounced /eks/. – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 22:56
In answer to the question, "Do you know other ways of pronouncing this letter?"
It is pronounced like the letter Y or unpronounced in the case of Bexar County (the county in which San Antonio, Texas, is located). So, it is said by locals like bear, or Bayer—the company known (among other things) for making aspirin/ASA. But honestly, that is an edge case, probably not worth committing to memory.
Cf. Bexar County, Texas Talk Notes on Wikipedia and Bexar County pronunciation on forvo.com.
David EldridgeDavid Eldridge
'X' is never pronounced like 'y', and the 'y' in Bayer is not silent. It is part of the diphthong /eɪ/. Also, Bexar is from Spanish, and the x was not silent. It was pronounced as a voiceless velar fricative /x/. That sound does not exist in English, so I'd imagine that overtime it became silent. In modern Spanish, it would be spelled 'Bejar.' – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 4:47
Around San Antonio, they pronounce it both ways (Bayer and bear). I am not talking about Spanish. He asked about English. It is a county in a U.S. state, and I don't think that they were being careful to capture the nuance of the mother tongue. – David Eldridge Jul 21 '16 at 4:54
Spanish is relevant because it's the origin of the word and it explains why the 'x' fell silent. Again, the sound was a voiceless velar fricative /x/. The closet sound in English is /h/. Over time the 'x' fell silent as is often the case with /h/. Bayer is pronounced /beɪ'eɹ/ And if you pronounce it as bear it is /bɛɹ/. None of what you've written is relevant to the pronunciation of 'x'. You've picked one oddball example that is a remnant of 18th century Spanish orthography. That 'x' is pronounced like 'y' (and is silent) is laughable. So then is your position that 'x' can form diphthongs? – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 5:14
I am sorry, @Giambattista. I only meant that I don't think that this is ultimately Spanish, which would be of no interest to the questioner, but that it was an English pronunciation, like kruh-sahnt for croissant. It is a French word, but that is an American pronunciation, and in this case a hyperlocal pronunciation at that. And oddball? Yes, and I said as much: "But honestly, that is an edge case, probably not worth committing to memory." But you can follow those links. I didn't make those pronunciations up. I lived there and learned the hard way, after pronouncing it Beks-ar, …. – David Eldridge Jul 21 '16 at 16:17
I'm trying to explain to you how the /x/ in Bexar fell silent. That's why I started with the language of origin. I am familiar with Bexar County. Anyway, my overall point that you seem to be missing is that the pronunciation of 'x' in your example is extremely rare. The 'y' in bayer is not only not silent, but it's functioning as a vowel. 'X' is strictly a consonant and never a vowel. And BTW, it doesn't happen all of the time, but words are often borrowed into US English retaining their original pronunciation, particularly from French. – Giambattista Jul 21 '16 at 23:06
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged american-english pronunciation phonetics letters-of-the-alphabet or ask your own question.
How do you pronounce 2×4 (board)
What are the differences between the pronunciation of "bidet" in American and British English?
why c sound like kh and p as ph
Don't you read blithely as /blaɪθlɪ/ in UK?
How we should pronounce /ɔː/ phonetician in American English?
Phonograms and Spelling (Optical, Optimal, etc.)
Should the last letter 'd' pronounced in word 'independent'?
Why are the syllables in "elephant" divided in two different ways?
What is the difference between /ʌ/ and /ə/?
Can I pronounce the first "d" of "didn't" as a flap sound? (American English)
How is the name 'Margie' pronounced?


text:
Baltimore leaders looking at police corruption case as chance for reform
This could lead to changes and healing that the city so desperately needs.
Police watch as a "Peace and Healing Walk" takes place in an area with a high rate of homicides during Baltimore's third "Ceasefire Weekend" on February 3, 2018 (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
Baltimore is a city plagued by decades of problems between the police force and the Black people who make up the majority of the community.
After a shocking trial, Detectives Daniel Hersl and Marcus Taylor, two members of the Gun Trace Task Force in Baltimore, were convicted for conspiring together for robbery. The two also faced charges of racketeering conspiracy and racketeering, among others. City leaders are now working to find some good in this embarrassing situation hoping it will spark a new era in the Baltimore Police Department and incite the type of reform that will reinstate the community's trust.
What Baltimore leaders are saying
Several leaders, including Mayor Catherine Pugh, are outraged by what these officers have done.
"The verdict rendered by jurors in this disturbing trial is clearly the right one, given the abundance of compelling and damning evidence," said Pugh in a statement, according to the Baltimore Sun.
"I want all of our citizens to know that I have likewise been appalled by the level of dishonesty and betrayal that these individuals, and others also implicated, perpetrated here in our community."
Pugh also told the community that she had a strong "commitment to changing the culture and practices" of the police department.
READ MORE: BALTIMORE CLASSROOMS REMAIN OPEN WITHOUT HEAT
Baltimore Police Commissioner Darryl De Sousa strongly condemned the "egregious and despicable acts" that the detectives had committed.
"Our job moving forward is to earn back the trust and response of the community. It will be a process and I understand the doubt, fear and pessimism," said De Sousa in a statement.
De Sousa added that the police department would fight against those who think "they can tarnish the badge and violate our citizen's rights."
How will Baltimore respond?
Baltimore State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby knows the trial will have long-lasting effects and further deepen the distrust that the community has against the police.
READ MORE: BALTIMORE DRUG RIVALRY LEADS TO SHOOTING AT COOKOUT
"We must continue to drive out corruption and shine a light on callous criminals that dishonorably wear a badge," she said.
The city is standing by their word. De Sousa has already announced that there will be an investigation into further allegations against other officers brought up during the trial. However, Baltimore area activists want more and have suggested options ranging from more community outreach to rebuilding the police department from the ground up.


text:
EP Reviews Reviews The Road That We Travel The Unlikely Hero
The Unlikely Hero's EP "The Road That We Travel" provides you with another pop punk rock act except this one isn't all fast and hyper like many. These guys bring down the hype to a more mellow dramatic ton of melody and rhythm. The instrumentals are toned down to having that catchy beat that isn't sped up and so fast paced it's slowed down to be enjoyable and soothing, the guitars and bass working together while the vocals and drums bounce off one another, connecting the music as a whole it sounds good keeps to the beats, having you bob your head here and there while easily singing right along to the lyrical context. The Unlikely Hero have got an EP release that takes the pop punk rock style expressing it to a more in-depth concept appeal that makes the music more at ease with its listener than previous processors.
12:38 PM Natalie
Labels: EP Reviews Reviews The Road That We Travel The Unlikely Hero


text:
ജനറൽ | General Daily – Malayalam News Daily
Apple Watch Climbs the List of the Top Wearable Gadgets
Home Business Press Releases Vifor Pharma and Angion Sign License Agreement for ANG-3777 in Nephrology Indications
Vifor Pharma and Angion Sign License Agreement for ANG-3777 in Nephrology Indications
Vifor Pharma acquires a worldwide license, excluding Greater China, to late-stage product ANG-3777
ANG-3777 is a first in class small-molecule hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetic, addressing a significant unmet need for the treatment of delayed graft function and cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury
Angion will receive up to USD 80 million, which includes 30 million upfront payment, 30 million equity investment and 20 million clinical study milestone payments with further milestone payments and tiered royalties on global sales
– Vifor Pharma will host conference call and webcast today at 2:00 pm CET –
Regulatory News:
Vifor Pharma and Angion Biomedica Corp. (Angion) announced the signing of a licensing agreement for the commercialization of ANG-3777, currently developed for treatment of delayed graft function (DGF) and cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). ANG-3777 was engineered to mimic the biological activity of HGF, activating critical pathways in the body's natural organ repair process following an acute organ injury.
Under the terms of the agreement, Vifor Pharma will receive an exclusive global license, excluding China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, for all ANG-3777 nephrology indications.Angion will receive up to USD 80 million which includes a 30 million upfront payment, a 30 million equity investment and 20 million in clinical study milestone payments. Additionally Angion is eligible to receive up to USD 260 million in market access related milestones upon approval in US and EU, further payments in the form of sales milestones, and tiered royalties on global net sales up to 40% at the high end of the royalty range.
"This agreement highlights the leadership position that Vifor Pharma has developed in the nephrology space and the fact that it has become the company of choice for organizations committed to partnering innovative nephrology focused assets" said Stefan Schulze, Chief Executive Officer of Vifor Pharma. "Angion is an excellent partner with an outstanding expertise leading to the development of this exciting asset and other pipeline products. We look forward to working closely with Angion who will be responsible for the ongoing development program of ANG-3777 and to leveraging our commercial expertise to bring this highly promising, innovative treatment with a unique mode of action to patients suffering from DGF and CSA-AKI. These are both critical conditions, currently without any effective or approved therapies."
"Vifor Pharma is one of the world leaders in the nephrology space and we are very excited to partner with them on the commercialization of ANG‑3777 for nephrology indications," stated Dr. Jay Venkatesan, President and CEO of Angion. "This is a major milestone for the team at Angion who has worked for many years to develop ANG-3777 as a therapy for patients with acute kidney injuries. We look forward to phase-III data in DGF towards the end of 2021 and working with Vifor Pharma to potentially bring ANG-3777 to nephrology patients worldwide."
Addressable patients with DGF is estimated to be about 15,000 and approximately 110,000 with CSA-AKI in the US/EU5 each year.
Angion will be responsible for conducting the ongoing nephrology-focused clinical development programs. Angion and Vifor Pharma will share responsibilities for regulatory filings in the licensed territories and Vifor Pharma will be responsible for all commercialization activities related to nephrology indications in all licensed territories.
Conference call/webcast:
Vifor Pharma will host a conference call and webcast today, 9 November 2020 at 2:00 pm (CET), to discuss the license agreement.
Conference call link to get the dial-in number (open 30 minutes prior to start of the webcast): https://conferencing.swisscom.ch/conference/x/cU-8I7D0aXQc.
Webcast link: https://stream.swisscom.ch/vifor/20201109/
Vifor Pharma Group is a global pharmaceuticals company. It aims to become the global leader in iron deficiency, nephrology and cardio-renal therapies. The company is a partner of choice for pharmaceuticals and innovative patient-focused solutions. Vifor Pharma Group strives to help patients around the world with severe and chronic diseases lead better, healthier lives. The company develops, manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products for precision patient care. Vifor Pharma Group holds a leading position in all its core business activities and consists of the following companies: Vifor Pharma and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma (a joint company with Fresenius Medical Care). Vifor Pharma Group is headquartered in Switzerland, and listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange (SIX Swiss Exchange, VIFN, ISIN: CH0364749348).
For more information, please visit www.viforpharma.com
Angion Biomedica Corp. is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of novel small molecule therapeutics to address acute organ injuries and fibrotic diseases. Angion's lead product candidate, ANG-3777, is a small molecule designed to mimic the biological activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which activates the HGF/c-Met pathway, which has a central role in tissue repair and organ recovery. ANG-3777 is currently in clinical trials investigating its impact on acute organ injury, including two forms of acute kidney injury and in acute lung injury. Angion is also developing ANG-3070, an orally-bioavailable small molecule, as a potential treatment for fibrotic diseases using a precision-medicine approach. For further information, please visit www.angion.com
About ANG-3777
ANG-3777 is a small molecule designed to mimic the biological activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which activates the c-Met cascade of pathways involved in tissue repair and organ repair. ANG-3777 has a substantially longer half-life than HGF and Angion believes ANG-3777 has the potential to be a first-in-class therapeutic addressing acute organ injury. The ongoing clinical trials of ANG-3777 include a placebo-controlled Phase 3 registration trial in transplant-associated acute kidney injury, also known as delayed graft function, a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial for the treatment of acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, and a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial in patients with acute lung injury associated with COVID-19 pneumonia. In 2018, Sinovant Sciences and Angion signed a development and licensing agreement for ANG-3777 in Greater China.
About CSA-AKI
During cardiac surgery, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass during the procedure may cause or exacerbate kidney injury as a result of reduced blood flow, non-pulsatile circulation, rupture of red blood cells creating oxidant damage and other causes. CSA-AKI is caused by many factors, including shear stress during cardiopulmonary bypass and injuries from nephrotoxic drugs and contrast agents. In addition, an important driver of CSA-AKI is ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is similar to the injury seen in DGF. There are no approved pharmacological treatments.1
About DGF
Delayed graft function is a severe form of acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury following kidney transplantation. It is distinct from transplant rejection and is most commonly seen in recipients of deceased-donor kidneys. In delayed graft function, the kidney fails to adequately filter the blood and patients require dialysis within the first week after transplantation.2 Dialysis does not treat acute kidney injury, but instead is renal replacement therapy for impaired kidneys. Patients with delayed graft function are more likely to experience transplant failure and have a higher mortality rate.3, 4, 5
Bellomo R, et al. "Acute kidney injury." The Lancet (2012); 380: 756-766.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Dialysis Safety." October 2017.
Shoskes D, et al. "Delayed Graft Function in Renal Transplantation: Etiology, Managment and Long-term Significance." The Journal of Urology (1996); 155: 1831-1840.
Brown, et al., "Duration of acute kidney injury impacts long-term survival after cardiac surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery. (2010); 90(4).
Schnuellee, P et al., "Comparison of early renal function parameters for the prediction of 5-year graft survival after kidney transplantation." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (2006); 22: 235–245.
Previous articleNeoBenk Launches Global Partners Program for Innovative Financial Services
Next articleSecure Top FD Interest Rates With Bajaj Finance FD: Lock in Now
PMKVY 3.0 Will Take Skilling to the Remotest of Villages and Towns in India: Dr. Mahendra Nath Pandey
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Partners with Wipro to Establish Its First Global Digital Hub in India
Omkar Realtors Aided by Lenders-Customers Support Revives Three Mega Residential Projects
Infineon to Foster Local Entrepreneurship in Green Agriculture
Marathon Group Launches a New Tower at Its Flagship Township Project in Panvel – Nexzone
Angel Broking Launches Investor Education Platform Smart Money
General Daily is your news, entertainment, music fashion website. We provide you with the latest breaking news and videos straight from the industry.
Contact us: mail@generaldaily.com
© GeneralDaily.com by BlueMatrix, Inc.
PMKVY 3.0 Will Take Skilling to the Remotest of Villages and...
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Partners with Wipro to Establish Its First Global...


text:
From the Mortality Doctrine series, volume 3
by James Dashner
Pub Date: Nov. 17th, 2015
Publisher: Delacorte
After narrowly escaping the villainous Tangent Kaine's clutches at the conclusion of The Rule of Thoughts (2014), Michael, Bryson, and Sarah are joined by Michael's old nanny, Helga, and a group of rebel Tangents to thwart Kaine's evil plans once and for all.
But not all is as it seems. Tragedy occurs, motives are revealed, and foe becomes friend in Dashner's exciting finale. Dashner throws everything he has in to this volume, making for a breathless, action-packed read that will have readers on the edges of their seats. He further explores his hard sci-fi premise, in which beings flow like water between a computer world and a real world, lending the book as much speculative fun as action. The characterization still leaves a bit to be desired; few characters are given the depth and shading the author gives to Michael and Kaine. Moreover, Dashner doesn't seem to have quite enough guts to keep a particularly painful death permanent; the novel's final pages allude to a resurrection that, while sweet, will make a few readers roll their eyes. However, in the broadest of strokes Dashner has stuck the landing, crafting a complete sci-fi trilogy that has little fat to trim and plenty of action, laughs, thoughts, and emotion. These books have notably improved with each outing, making this the best of the bunch.
A fitting end to an exceptional trilogy.
(Science fiction. 12-16)


The SCPP is ideally suited for transporting very low viscosity products at higher discharge pressures for food, beverage and other hygienic applications.
The Alfa Laval SCPP range consists of two positive displacement pump ranges designed especially for transporting low viscosity products at higher discharge pressures. While rotary lobe pumps remain the preferred positive displacement solution, the SCPP is a solid choice for applications where circumferential piston pumps have been widely used in the past.
The broad range meets a wide spectrum of requirements under various working pressures.
SCPP 1 is a robustly designed model that is well-suited for strip-clean applications. It has 14 displacements, capacities up to 450 USGPM (102 m3/h) and differential pressure to 400 psi (28 bar).
SCPP 2 features enhanced CIP options, making it better suited for Cleaning–In-Place. It has 11 displacements, capacities up to 310 USGPM (70 m3/h) and differential pressures up to 500 psi (34 bar).
The SCPP pumps feature large inlet and outlet ports, which help reduce pressure losses as products enter the pump. These features, combined with circumferential piston pump technology results in reduced net positive suction head required (NPSHr). This significantly reduces the risk of cavitation and subsequent pump damage.
Close clearances between rotor and rotorcase reduce slip when pumping low viscosity liquids at higher discharge pressures. This improves volumetric efficiency on low viscosity liquids and helps reduce flow rate variance under variable backpressures.
For greater flexibility, the SCPP range gives you a wide range of options to enable you to choose the right seal for your particular application.
For the SCPP 1, choose from a single O-ring, double O-ring with flush, single mechanical seal or double mechanical seal with flush, which are available in various materials. The O-ring seal is particularly suited for applications where pumps are frequently disassembled for manual cleaning. The O-ring seal also enables quick removal of the rotorcase and reduces the risk of damage during disassembly.
The SCPP 2 offers two seal types: a single mechanical seal or double mechanical seal with flush, which are available in various materials.
The SCPP pump comes with twin-wing rotors in a non-galling alloy material as standard, which are suitable for most pump applications. If the product to be pumped contains large solids, a single-wing rotor is available as an option.
Alfa Laval provides a one-year warranty for all non-wearing parts, provided genuine parts are used.
The SCPP pump casing is in AISI 316 stainless steel with a Ra 32/Ra 0.8 internal surface finish of that complies with 3-A standards. Made of a non-galling alloy, standard rotors are available with twin-wing form; an optional single-wing rotor for handling large solids is available. Seal options include single O-ring seal, single mechanical seal, double O-ring seal with flush, or double mechanical seal with flush.
Rotor wings (pistons) rotate around the circumference of the channel in the pump casing. This continuously generates a partial vacuum at the suction port as the rotors unmesh, causing fluid to enter the pump. The fluid is transported around the channel by the rotor wings, and is displaced as the rotor wings re-mesh, generating pressure at the discharge port. Direction of flow is reversible.
The deep channels in which the rotors travel provide large voids to minimize shear of solids.
The rotors are made of non-galling alloy, allowing close clearances between rotating and stationary surfaces, which result in lower slip and thus higher efficiency when pumping low viscosity liquids at higher discharge pressures.
The hub of each non-galling rotor rotates in a recess in the pump head to minimize deflection even at high discharge pressures.


I noticed that Emacs was getting a default-directory value of / when launching it with a custom keyboard shortcut I set up in Gnome (2). The result is that opening a file started my search in the root (/) of the filesystem.
I suppose this is due to the way in which emacs was invoked (via the window manager). Given that there was no actual present working directory, I can understand that it would default back to using /.
emacs -T Emacs -eval "(setq default-directory \"~/\")"
zone is an interactive compiled Lisp function.
It is bound to    .
It's basically an emacs screensaver/psychedelic ascii mode using your focused buffer for content. It obfuscates the buffer in ways which involves wrapping your code around the screen or swapping characters around, and even just turning it all into curly braces and wiggling. Press a key to undo it all. Might be a neat trick to play on a friend, but I see no other usage for this mode.
I've been working on my XMPP server pet project recently, and the need for a good Erlang XML parser has finally struck. I decided to go with Erlsom. It's in MacPorts, so from there I installed it. Now, since I don't update my port tree frequently I get delightful surprises from time to time. This time installing Erlsom triggered an update of Erlang, to the latest version!
It just requires changing the tools-x.x.x to 2.6.5.