text:
Researchers create unexpected glass within a glass
University of Cincinnati researchers report in the April 26th issue of Nature that they have created a glassy form of silver iodide.
Medication effective in treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center and four other U.S.
Evacuation flight lands safely at South Pole
A twin-engine plane has successfully completed an historic 1,300-mile Antarctic flight to the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, bringing a new physician to replace Dr.
2001: A Spacetime Odyssey will kick off activities
The newly formed Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics (MCTP) at the University of Michigan will host its inaugural conference on May 21-25.
Monthly update on science/technology @ Temple University
1) Blind Temple student develops new Braille device. 2) Researchers using fly ash to decontaminate water.
NHLBI creates community partnership to eliminate disparities in cardiovascular health
The NHLBI today announced a partnership with six community- based organizations in communities with exceptionally high heart disease and stroke rates to implement heart health education strategies aimed at changing local physician practices and patient behaviors.
University of Washington professor's new book seeks to rewrite understanding of cell biology
Most of what you think you know about cells may be wrong.
Blood markers associated with autism and mental retardation
A new study shows that elevated concentrations of proteins present at birth in the blood may be associated with the development of autism and mental retardation later in childhood.
April tip sheet from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Topics in this month's medical tip sheet from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center include: 1) Cardiologist Named Director of Women's Health Program; 2) Temodar is First New FDA-Approved Brain Cancer Fighting Drug in More than 20 Years; 3) Very Low Doses of New Drug Reduces Complications of Bone Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Brain Cancer and Multiple Myeloma; 4)LA Marathon Runner Defies Stats to Survive Heart Attack, Head Injury and Oxygen Deprivation; More.
Scientists use weather forecasts to fight disease
Each year plant disease epidemics cost growers billions of dollars and affect both the quantity and quality of food products available to consumers.
Malaria research and training benefits global community
April 25, 2001 is the first-ever Africa Malaria Day. Today, the Mutilateral Initiative on Malaria is announcing two international conferences on malaria.
Blood flow to the brain indicates when recovering cocaine addicts are able to benefit from talk therapy
Measuring blood flow to the brain might be useful in determining when recovering cocaine addicts are best able to benefit from talk therapy.
New imaging technique could improve outcome of popular heart procedure
Researchers at Harvard Medical School may have found a way to give patients, like Vice President Dick Cheney, peace of mind after undergoing stent angioplasty.
Could Minnesota forestry save the Siberian tiger?
Four foresters from the Russian Far East will visit Minnesota April 30 - May 4 to find out if forestry practices in Minnesota provide a key to the tiger's survival.
Women's prisons places of contradiction, says professor
Canadians expect too much from their prisons for women, says Kelly Hannah-Moffat, a sociology professor at the University of Toronto at Mississauga who studies women's imprisonment and the country's criminal justice system.
Black congregrations have a higher rate of providing social services in Philadelphia
In a study conducted by the University of Pennsylvania's School of Social Work entitled
Highest known catalytic rate for superoxide dismutation achieved
Researchers at MetaPhore Pharmaceuticals have used computer aided design techniques to achieve a hundred-fold increase in the catalytic activity of one of the company's synthetic manganese-based compounds previously shown to exert protective anti-inflammatory effects in animal models.
Fox Chase Cancer Center awarded six million dollar grant to establish nation's first Behavioral Research Center of Excellence for breast cancer
The Department of Defense has awarded a six million dollar grant to Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa., for the development of the nation's first Behavioral Center of Excellence for Breast Cancer Research.
Purdue team develops watermark to protect electronic documents
Using watermarks to preserve the integrity of printed documents dates back 2000 years.
URI oceanographers discover how planetary waves affect phytoplankton production
Three University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography (GSO) scientists have discovered that planetary waves traveling thousands of miles have a significant impact on the abundance of phytoplankton in the upper ocean, and may play a role in predicting global warming.
Household ant invasions are determined by weather, not pesticide use, new study finds
Using bug spray, bait and other household pesticides to prevent Argentine ant invasions is futile, according to a new study by Stanford researchers to be published in the journal American Midland Naturalist.
World's most advanced science ship stages at Taiwan for major expedition
East meets West to celebrate a new millennium of scientific cooperation May 3 when the science drill ship JOIDES Resolution sails into Keelung Harbor for its first visit to Taiwan (Chinese Taipei).
Scientists at Penn track epileptic seizures
Scientists studying epilepsy at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center are finding a pattern of human brain activity that indicates the conditions triggering seizures can take hours to develop.
UC Davis study investigates health effects of paraquat, a herbicide commonly used throughout the world
Paraquat, a popular herbicide in use in more than 130 countries in the world for weed control is the focus of an important health study conducted by physicians and researchers at UC Davis School of Medicine and Medical Center and College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
Still Canadian, eh?
A team of researchers has found that Canadian speech patterns are not being Americanized to the extent once thought.
Why mothers in underserved populations stop breastfeeding
A Yale study shows that most mothers in underserved populations stop breastfeeding far short of the recommended first year of life because they lack confidence in continuing beyond a few months.
Six minority scholars selected for fellowship on health disparities
Six minority scholars have been selected to receive the first grants awarded by the Center for the Advancement of Health and the W.K.
Study finds persistent and severe pain among nursing home residents
The first national look at pain among the frailest nursing home residents uncovers
Scientists receive $1.4 million to study materials that can interchange sound waves and electrical signals
The Office of Naval Research has awarded $1.4 million to a consortium of universities and research laboratories, including three materials scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, to study materials that can convert sound waves into electrical signals and vice versa.
New hope for neurodegenerative disease sufferers
Texas A&M University biologists are studying the genetics of learning and memory in humans, which could help understand aging and help find cures for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Next | April 25, 2001 »


CN announced that the company's 1,800 locomotives engineers in Canada have successfully ratified a new collective agreement.
The five-year contract with the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference (TCRC), which runs through Dec. 31, 2022, provides wage and benefit improvements in each year of the agreement, in line with similar contracts in the industry, and modifies work rules that were of concern to both CN and engineers.
CN recognizes the assistance of Peter Simpson, head of the federal mediation and conciliation service, and his staff, during the collective bargaining process.


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Latest cell phone & smartphone reviews, specifications, head to head matchup, price comparisons, editor's and user's ratings from PCMag.com.
There are more than 3.5 million apps in the Google Play store, but these 10 deserve a spot on your home screen.
If you're looking to get in shape, load your phone with these apps that can motivate you, coach you, help you track your progress, or just power your exercise with great music.
No power? No problem. These battery cases for Apple's flagship phone will give you the juice you need to get through the day.
Sony has launched the new SRS-XB41, SRS-XB31, and SRS-XB21 EXTRA BASS wireless speakers in the UAE.
The latest edition of iOS is designed to run faster, address tech addiction and enable group chats over FaceTime. It'll also include a new Memoji feature for iPhone X owners that lets them customize a virtual avatar of themselves.
Bottom Line: The HTC U12+ is an attractive phone that hits all the modern trends, but there isn't much to distinguish it from other flagship models.
Nearly 80 percent of US consumers prefer using smartphones to control smart home devices; 40 percent use smart speakers, according to GfK.
Bottom Line: Google Home is a great-looking speaker that promises powerful voice assistance, but its cloud service needs a lot of work to catch up to Amazon's Echo platform.
The Snapdragon 710 should hit China first; let's hope Qualcomm still has business there.
The OnePlus 6 launched to great fanfare, but is it a better value than the Honor 10?
Bottom Line: Latest cell phone & smartphone reviews, specifications, head to head matchup, price comparisons, editor's and user's ratings from PCMag.com.
The OnePlus 6 is a fast and elegant phone that should be the top choice for US dual-SIM users, but its pricing is a little awkward for everyone else.
Bottom Line: The OnePlus 6 is the company's most refined phone yet, but it's hard to find standout features other than price.


text:
/*jshint nomen: false */

var Socket = require('../../'),
    sinon  = require('sinon')
    should = require('should');

describe('Socket', function () {
  this.timeout(10);

  var socket;
  var mock;

  before(function () {
    var mock = sinon.mock(ws);

    mock.expects('addEventListener').thrice();
    socket = new Socket(ws);

    mock.verify();
  })

  beforeEach(function () {
    mock = sinon.mock(socket);
    socket._messages = 123;
  });
  afterEach(function () {
    mock.verify();
  })

  var ws = {
    addEventListener: function () {},
    send: function () {}
  };

  describe('#_process', function () {
    it('should call _recv for an ACK', function () {
      mock.expects('_recv').once().withArgs('6', '', '12+[3,4]');
      socket._process('6:::12+[3,4]', {});
    });
  });

  describe('#_recv', function () {
    it('should call the ack listener', function () {
      var expectation = sinon.expectation.create();

      socket._wait['12'] = expectation;

      expectation.once().withArgs(3);

      socket._recv('6', '', '12+[3,4]');

      expectation.verify();
    });

    it('should discard invalid messages', function () {
      socket._recv('4', '', ']');
    });

    it('should discard invalid binary messages', function () {
      socket._recv('a', '', ']');
    });

    it('should discard invalid events', function () {
      socket._recv('5', '', '{');
    });

    it('should discard non-array events', function () {
      var callback = sinon.spy();
      socket._listeners.x = callback;
      socket._recv('5', '', '{"name": "x", "args": 999}');
      callback.notCalled.should.be.true;
    });

    it('should discard null-args events', function () {
      var callback = sinon.spy();
      socket._listeners.x = callback;
      socket._recv('5', '', '{"name": "x", "args": null}');
      callback.notCalled.should.be.true;
    });

    it('should call the event handler', function () {

      mock.expects('_ack').once().on(socket);

      var expectation = sinon.mock();
      expectation.once().withArgs("3", 2).yields(30, 32);
      socket.on('test', expectation);

      socket._recv('5', '23', JSON.stringify({args:["3", 2], name:'test'}));

      expectation.verify();

    });

  });

  describe('#_send', function () {
    it('should call the underlying layer .send()', function () {

      var expectation = sinon.expectation.create('send');

      socket.ws = {send: expectation};

      expectation.on(socket.ws).withArgs('6:::12+[3,4]');

      socket._send('6', '', '12+[3,4]');
      expectation.verify();

      delete socket.ws;

    });

  });

  describe('#_ack()', function () {
    it('should throw an error if called more than once', function () {
      mock.expects('_send').once();
      var fn = socket._ack.bind(socket, '888', {});

      fn.should.not.throw();
      fn.should.throw();
    });
    it('should handle json acknowledgments', function () {
      mock.expects('_send').once().withArgs('6', '', '888+[3,"a"]');
      socket._ack('888', {}, 3, 'a');
    });
    it('should handle binary acknowledgments', function () {

      var b = new Buffer(1);
      var wsocket = socket.ws = {};
      wsocket.send = sinon.mock().withArgs(b);

      var sender = {};
      mock.expects('_send').once().withArgs('b', '', '888+[]');

      socket._ack('888', sender, b);

      wsocket.send.verify();

    });

    it('should handle json + binary acknowledgments', function () {

      var b = new Buffer(1);
      var wsocket = socket.ws = {};
      wsocket.send = sinon.mock().withArgs(b);

      var sender = {};
      mock.expects('_send').once().withArgs('b', '', '888+[3]');

      socket._ack('888', sender, 3, b);

      wsocket.send.verify();

    });
  });

  describe('#emit', function () {
    it('should create a socket.io compatible event', function () {
      mock.expects('_send');
      socket.emit('explode', {}, function () {});
    });

    it('should create binary events', function () {
      var b = new Buffer(1);
      var wsocket = socket.ws = {};
      wsocket.send = sinon.mock().withArgs(b);

      mock.expects('_send').withArgs('a', '123', JSON.stringify({name: 'explode', args: []}));
      socket.emit('explode', b, function () {});

      wsocket.send.verify();

    });

    it('should create json + binary events', function () {
      var b = new Buffer(1);
      var wsocket = socket.ws = {};
      wsocket.send = sinon.mock().withArgs(b);
      var json = {x: {y: 2}};

      mock.expects('_send').withArgs('a', '123', JSON.stringify({name: 'explode', args: [json]}));
      socket.emit('explode', json, b, function () {});

      wsocket.send.verify();

    });

    it('should register the ack handler', function () {
      mock.expects('_send').once();

      var stub = sinon.stub();

      socket.emit('subscribe', 999, stub);
      socket._messages.should.equal(124);
      socket._wait[123].should.equal(stub);
    })

  });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The head of a Christian charity in Colombia has said he's praying for peace as the public heads to the polls to vote for the country's new president on Sunday.
The election is the first since the historic peace deal in 2016 with rebel group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc) that contributed to decades of civil war in the country.
Monsignor Hector Fabio, director of Caritas Colombia, and president of Colombia's National Peace Council told Premier that while the deal has brought some stability to the country, there's still a long way to go.
"After the peace agreement, so many steps have been taken, but we have a long way to go. Negotiations with the National Liberation Army (ELN) move slowly.
"New armed groups try to control the rural areas. And, last year, 121 human rights defenders were murdered – the deadliest year on record," he said.
Voters have the choice of Iván Duque and Gustavo Petro.
Mr Duque is the handpicked candidate of Alvaro Uribe, the ex-president and chief critic of the nation's 2016 peace deal with the Farc. He is promising to amend important aspects of the accord, such as ensuring drug trafficking is not an amnestied crime and blocking guerrilla leaders from political office.
Mr Petro supports the accord and has galvanised youth voters angered by corruption and income inequality. He is vowing to end Colombia's dependence on oil exports and raise taxes on vast swathes of unproductive land in the hope of boosting agricultural production.
Monsignor Fabio said that he's praying that the outcome of the election brings peace, unity and healing for the 8 million Colombians who have suffered from internal conflict.
"It is not easy to overcome a situation like we've had in Colombia; five decades of internal conflict, destroyed communities, while others are bitterly divided.
"What I hope is that the new government in Colombia will continue implementation [of the peace deal] and will make changes for the peace in Colombia.
Five bishops will take part in discussions in Colombia to try and broker a new peace deal for the country between the government and rebel forces.
A Christian anti-persecution group is worried about religious freedom in Colombia, in central America, as a peace accord comes into force.
Churches in Colombia have welcomed the signing of a historic peace accord between the government and leftist rebels.


AAA expects more than 1.1 million Virginians to travel at least 50 miles from home to celebrate Independence Day.
That's about 1.4 percent lower than in 2012. The auto club says the decline is due to a shorter holiday period. This year's holiday period runs from Wednesday to Sunday.
AAA Mid-Atlantic says about 84 percent of Virginia travelers will be traveling by car.
The shorter holiday period and higher gas prices than a year ago have many Virginia motorists staying close to home. One third of those traveling will remain within 150 miles radius of their home town.


Russell Makes New Highs as Market Fear Evaporates. "They don't pay me to worry – it's what I'm not supposed to worry about that I need to worry about" – By Todd Horwitz, Bubba Trading.
I would expect to see a bounce in the Euro Currency, I would expect to see an extended bounce in Gold for a while. These are going to try to relieve oversold conditions. But really, the whole story is – the markets are really quite, no trade and nothing to go on. A lot of reasons to be on the sidelines and not jumping in here.


Today, sources from the law enforcement bodies have reported about searches conducted in a house of Makhachkala Mayor Musa Musaev, as well as in his personal office in the city administration.
According to investigators, in March 2016, Musa Musaev illegally signed a resolution on granting Joint-Stock Company "ASPK" ownership of a land plot in the city of Makhachkala with an area of about 17.500 square meters for 1,100,000 roubles.
The land plot in question was originally the property of the Republic of Dagestan. According to the expert's conclusion, its market value exceeds 81 million roubles, the Investigating Committee of the Russian Federation (ICRF) reports. In that connection, investigators concluded that the Musa Musaev's illegal actions inflicted considerable material damage on the budget of Dagestan in the amount of about 80 million roubles.
A criminal case has been instituted against the official under Paragraph "c" of Part 3 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (taking actions by head of a local government body that clearly go beyond his power, causing grave consequences), reports the today's message posted on the ICRF's website.
Staff of scientific centre accuses Makhachkala authorities of arbitrariness, In Dagestan, head of Kuli District denies charge of forgery with housing for orphans, Eduard Khidirov demands to stop the second criminal case against him.


Smokehouse Rub adds the essences of a traditional Midwest barbecue to this rib sauce. Made in a slow cooker, these ribs are tender, juicy, and full of tangy flavor!
COMBINE all ingredients, except ribs, in a bowl, stirring until well mixed.
ADD ribs, and coat with sauce.
SPRAY interior walls of slow cooker with non-stick cooking spray. Place ribs up against interior walls with meaty side touching walls. Transfer rest of sauce over top of ribs and into bottom of slow cooker.
COVER and cook on high 3-5 hrs, depending on slow cooker and thickness of ribs, until fully cooked and tender. Check ribs halfway through cooking, adding up to ¼ cup broth if needed, to thin out sauce and keep ribs from burning.
REMOVE ribs from slow cooker, place on cutting board and pull or cut apart.
STIR residual sauce and serve on the side or over top of ribs.


text:
The 15th century began with Moscow and other Rus lands playing a second role to a powerful Lithuania, whose Grand Duke Vytautas was the most influential leader in the region. Moscow was then weakened further with a civil war which lasted on and off for several decades. The remainder of the century however saw Moscow re-emerge as its leader Ivan the Great united much of Rus under Moscow rule and finally threw off the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
Relations with Lithuania
In 1392 Lithuania and Moscow entered into an alliance under which Grand Prince Vasily I of Moscow married the only daughter of Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania (known as Vitovt in Russian). In addition, the metropolitan in Moscow was Cyprian (Kiprian) who had previously served in Lithuania and was suspected by Dmitry Donskoy as being a servant of Lithuania. As a result Moscow found itself heavily influenced by Lithuania. In 1404 Vytautas completed his campaign against the Smolensk Grand Principality and fully incorporated it into Lithuania. Smolensk's former prince Yury Svyatoslavich went to Vasily I bearing the gift of the Our Lady of Smolensk Icon and requested aid in returning his principality. This led to war between Moscow and Lithuania. Peace was only restored in 1408 and in the process Lithuania gained even greater influence over Novgorod and Pskov, while keeping Smolensk.
Reassertion of Tatar Supremacy
Since the end of the Timur-Tokhtamysh War, Grand Prince Vasily I of Moscow stop paying the Rus tribute to the Horde, which was now ruled by Khan Oluğ Möxämmäd (Ulugh Muhammad), but the real power lay with the military commander Edigey. Once Tokhtamysh had been killed in 1406 Edigey turned his attention to Rus and in 1408 he launched a campaign to punish Vasily I's independence. Serpukhov, Vereya, Dmitrov, Klin, Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod and Kolomna were sacked. Moscow was besieged for three days unable to take the kremlin. The siege ended when Moscow was forced to pay the Tatars a ransom to leave. On their retreat the Tatars razed the outskirts of the city and proceeded in bringing destruction to the Ryazan Principality. Edigey inflicted a clear demonstration of Moscow's place as a vassal of the Golden Horde and Vasily I was forced to recommence the payment of tribute.
Moscow Civil War: Vasily II against Yuri of Zvenigorod and Galich
One reason that Moscow had managed to become powerful at the expense of other Rus principalities was because it had been spared any dynastical in-fighting between the Moscow branch of Ryurikid princes. However this harmony was threatened with the death of Vasily I in 1425. Vasily I was immediately succeeded by his son Vasily Vasilievich – Vasily II, however this was challenged by Vasily I's brother Prince Yuri Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod and Galich who claimed that traditionally the throne passed to brothers before sons and Dmitry Donskoy himself had even declared this in his will (although it was written when Vasily I was still childless).
At first nephew and uncle decided to settle the issue by having it resolved by the khan. In 1431 Khan Oluğ Möxämmäd gave his support to Vasily II's claims but also decided to transfer the city of Dmitrov to the realm of Yuri Dmitrievich. Despite securing the title of grand prince, Vasily was not content with being forced to give up Dmitrov and refused to hand over the city. The final straw came in 1433 when Vasily II's mother publically humiliated Yuri's son Vasily Kosoy at Vasily II's wedding when she demanded he return a belt he was wearing which was allegedly part of the grand prince's belongings. Vasily Kosoy returned to his father in Galich where they decided enough was enough and they prepared for war to restore their family honour and claim what they believed was rightfully theirs. Yuri and his two sons Vasily Kosoy and Dmitry Shemyaka marched on Moscow with forces from Galich. They quickly captured Moscow and Vasily II fled to Tver and then Kostroma.
Yuri subsequently made peace with his nephew and gave him Kolomna, but could not consolidate his status as grand prince. Influential boyars and officials began leaving Moscow for Vasily II's court in Kolomna. Yuri's fate was sealed when his own two sons also abandoned him and in 1433 he left Moscow allowing Vasily II to return as grand prince. Vasily II's later treatment of those who supported Yuri reignited the conflict. Firstly Yuri's sons fought against Vasily II and then, after Moscow troops sacked Galich, Yuri himself became involved and defeated Vasily II's troops outside Rostov. Yuri once again became grand prince in 1434 and ruled up until his death (possibly as a result of poisoning) several months later, leaving the throne to his son Vasily Kosoy.
Moscow Civil War: Vasily II against Vasily Kosoy
Vasily Kosoy's younger brothers Dmitri Shemyaka and Dmitry Krasny did not support his claim to be grand prince and allied themselves with Vasily II and received from him Uglich and Galich respectively as part of the alliance. The three princes marched on Vasily Kosoy in Moscow who fled with the treasury to Novgorod, then Kostroma where he organised an army to march on Moscow. He was eventually defeated outside Yaroslavl but managed to flee to Vologa where he raised another army and marched on Rostov. After the subsequent battle in 1436 Vasily Kosoy was captured and blinded earning the name Kosoy meaning the 'Squint-Eyed'.
Break Up of the Golden Horde
It was not just Moscow which was experiencing internal strife during the first half of the 15th century. All was not well in the Horde as rival factions constantly fought each other of the title of khan. A decisive blow came in 1437 when Khan Oluğ Möxämmäd was overthrown by Sayid Ahmad. Oluğ Möxämmäd and his supporters fled east to Kazan where he founded the Kazan Khanate in the remnants of what had once been Volga Bulgaria. Oluğ Möxämmäd's lead was followed in approximately 1441 when warlord Haci Giray established the Crimean Khanate with himself as khan in Bakhchisarai and then again in the 1460s when Mahmud established the Astrakhan Khanate. Finally in the late 15th century Taibuga established the Siberian Khanate centre around modern-day Tyumen. What was left of the Golden Horde ruled by Ahmad and centred around Sarai become known as the Great Horde.
Khan Oluğ Möxämmäd wasted no time in demonstrating the reach of his new khanate and launched several campaigns against Moscow from Kazan from 1439 onwards hoping to capture Nizhny Novgorod. In 1444 the khan's troops took Nizhny Novgorod and Murom, but Vasily II was able to liberate the cities in the same year. In 1445 Oluğ sent his sons against Vasily II who organised a counter campaign which met the Tatars outside the Spaso-Yevfimiev Monastery in Suzdal. Vasily II was taken prisoner and only released after a massive ransom was paid by Moscow.
Moscow Civil War: Vasily II against Dmitry Shemyaka
The defeat of Vasily II at the hands of the Tatars significantly decreased his authority and led to him being overthrown in favour of Dmitri Shemyaka in 1446. Vasily II was imprisoned at the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra in Sergiev Posad where he was blinded earning him the sobriquet 'Tyomny' - the Blind. From Sergiev Posad he was sent onwards to Uglich and Vologda. As had happened before though, boyars and various regional princes began shifting their allegiance from Dmitry to Vasily II. In 1447 when Dmitry Shemyaka was out of the capital Vasily II at the head of an army re-entered Moscow as grand prince. Dmitry Shemyaka was later defeated outside Galich and then Veliky Ustyug. In 1452 he fled to Novgorod where he died marking the end of the period known as the Moscow Civil War or the Great Feudal War.
Independence of the Russian Orthodox Church
In 1441 Metropolitan Isidore of Kiev and All Rus, himself a Greek, returned to Moscow after participating at the Council of Florence where he supported the reunification of the Orthodox and Catholic churches. This decision proved intensively controversial in Moscow and when Isidore then introduced Latin elements and blessed the Pope during the service in the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow's Kremlin it proved too much. Isidore was arrested for heresy. The metropolitan throne remained empty for the next seven years. In 1448 a meeting of Russian bishops unanimously appointed Bishop Johan (Iona) of Ryazan and Murom as the new metropolitan without consulting the patriarch of Constantinople, thereby establishing the de-facto independence of the Russian Orthodox Church. As a consequence in 1458 a separate metropolitan was elected in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Moscow's and Lithuania's metropolitans became known and the metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus and the metropolitan of Kiev, Halych and All Rus respectively
The Third Rome
Grand Prince Vasily II died in 1462 and was succeeded by his son Ivan Vasilievich (Ivan III). Ivan III is also known in history as Ivan the Great. An important event during the reign of Ivan III which helped earn him the epithet 'The Great' was the creation of the concept of Moscow as the Third Rome. In 1472 Ivan III took Sofia Palaiologina as his second wife. Sofia was a Byzantine princess and niece to the last Byzantine Emperor. The marriage was actually suggested by the Pope with the hope of bringing Russia and the whole Orthodox Church under the influence of the Catholic Church. The Pope's plan of reconciliation drastically backfired. Instead Ivan III began to see himself as the legitimate heir of the Byzantine emperor and he adopted the imperial double-headed eagle which still appears on Russia's coat of arms. In addition Moscow was said to have become the Third Rome, following Rome which had lost the true Christian faith and became Catholic and Constantinople which had fallen to the Turks. Moscow now was the major city of the Orthodox faith and as such Ivan III ordered the building of the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow's Kremlin to recognise this new elated status.
Gathering of Rus Lands
As well as being Great, Ivan III is also known as the Gatherer of Rus Lands for his policies of bringing together various Rus principalities under the rule of Moscow. In 1463 the right to rule the Yaroslavl Principality was sold to Moscow under duress and passed to direct Moscow rule upon the death of its last independent prince in 1471. In 1472 Ivan III's brother died and his principality of Dmitrov passed back to Moscow, despite the opposition of Ivan's surviving younger brothers. In 1474 the Rostov Principality too became part of Moscow's realm.
Ivan III's next target was the unruly Novgorod Republic. Novgorod's government, known as the veche, consisted of pro-Lithuanian and pro-Moscow parties and Ivan III became concerned by the republic increasingly becoming closer to Lithuania. To combat this Ivan III led campaigns against Novgorod in 1470 and defeated Novgorodian armies twice in 1471, establishing a strong Muscovite influence over the republic and securing a promise that it would not enter into alliances with Lithuania. By 1477 Novgorod was again looking towards Lithuania under the leadership of the widow Marfa Boretskaya and the final straw came when Ivan III was referred to in public by Novgorodian envoys as 'gospodin' (sir/master) and not 'gosudar' (sovereign). Ivan III sent his troops to Novgorod and the once great republic had no option but to surrender to Moscow's terms in 1478. The former Novgorod Republic was recognised as part of Moscow and many nobles from the city were exiled to various parts of Rus. Marfa Boretskaya ended her days as a nun in a monastery in Nizhny Novgorod. Even the bell which summoned meetings of the Novgorod veche meetings was not spared and was taken to Moscow. Lord Novgorod the Great had been subdued once and for all.
Following the victory over Novgorod, Moscow went on to absorb the once mighty Tver Principality in 1485. The Ryazan Principality by this time was under Moscow's control as it was ruled by Ivan III's nephews who were guided by their mother Anna Vasilievna - Ivan III's sister. The principality was ultimately absorbed into Moscow in 1521.
Great Stand on the River Ugra
The third major event which led to Ivan III's recognition of greatness is the final lifting of the Mongol-Tatar Yoke. The almost quarter of a millennium rule of the Tatars over Russian principalities came to a somewhat anticlimactic end in 1480 at the aptly named Great Standoff on the River Ugra. Ivan III had refused to pay the standard tribute to the already weakened Tatars of the Great Horde. As a result a campaign was launched against Moscow to reasserts Tatar supremacy.
The Tatar army reached the River Ugra and then waited for expected reinforcements from Lithuania. However the Lithuanians never arrived after being occupied with internal affairs and an invasion by the Crimean Tatars – allies of Moscow. In the meanwhile Ivan III was able to gather a large army and the Tatars watched with increasing nerves as Russian troops gathered in number on the other side of the river. Eventually, with no sign of their Lithuanian allies and a substantial Russian army in waiting, the Tatars upped and left without battle. Ivan III and his army returned to Moscow in triumph. Despite there being no actual defeat or even a battle, Russians realised that it was finally no longer a vassal state of the Tatars, but an independent country able to follow its own destiny.
Relations with Livonia and Sweden
Moscow's annexation of the Novgorod Republic brought it into direct contact with its new neighbours of Sweden and the Livonian Confederation (located in modern-day Latvia and Estonia). In 1480 the Livonians began besieging Pskov (still a semi-independent republic) and the Rus troops which came to Pskov's rescue managed to take the battle into Livonian land in the following year. A peace treaty was eventually signed and Ivan III used the opportunity to strengthen Rus defences mainly with the construction of the imposing Ivangorod Fortress in 1492 opposite to the Livonian fortress known as Hermann Castle.
Rus relations with Lithuania considerably worsened at the end of the 15th century primarily due to the three main reasons: the flight of several Lithuanian nobles to Ivan III's court, Moscow's alliance with the Crimean Tatars who frequently raided Lithuanian lands and territorial disputes between Moscow and Lithuania for various cities on the border of the two countries. Following the death of King Kazimierz IV of Poland in 1492 and the subsequent separation of the Polish and Lithuania thrones, Ivan III saw his chance to regain territory lost to Lithuania in the beginning of the century. The speed of Ivan III's victories forced Grand Duke Aleksandras of Lithuania to enter into peace talks which proved unsuccessful. Peace was only reached in 1494 according to which Lithuania ceded the captured territory around the upper parts of the River Oka, including the strategic city of Vyazma, to Moscow and Aleksandras married Ivan III's daughter Yelena.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A müncheni 18-as jelzésű villamos a Gondrellplatz és az Effnerplatz (tanítási napokon St.Emmeram) között  közlekedik.

Története

Járművek

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Megállóhelyei

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München villamosvonalai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Although the syndromes we now know as Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) were first described as far back as 1892, the number of available materials for patients and medical professionals is surprisingly few. Considering Hypermobile EDS (hEDS) and the closely-related Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) probably comprise at least 1% of the general population, the dearth of resources is even more alarming. In addition, recent changes in nosology mean that our understanding of these syndromes is still fluctuating significantly– with the likelihood that definitions will continue to experience "growing pains" in years to come.
Claire Smith is the Publication Editor and Partnership Director at the Hypermobility Syndromes Association in the UK, as well as mother to a daughter with EDS and who herself has an HSD. She has written this phenomenal book, Understanding Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder, which covers symptomology, diagnosis, and management extensively. It's written in a reference manual format but in a friendly and easily accessible style. And even better, it's written by a woman who has longtime firsthand experience with the challenges of hypermobility, the pain it often causes, and most of EDS'/HSD's comorbid issues, like dysautonomia, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and fibromyalgia. In short, it's written by a zebra for zebras and for anyone who treats or cares for someone with the condition. It's a book that patients and doctors alike should have on their bookshelves.
I have traditionally been an autism researcher. In full disclosure, I myself have somewhat recently been diagnosed with an HSD and for the past several years have been struggling with the pain and many of the comorbid complaints that come with this complicated condition. As I've continued to learn more from the phenomenal patient community available through resources like FaceBook, I've quickly learned that there are indeed links between EDS/HSD and autism, which have been understudied and which I am currently pursuing professionally.
Therefore, I also recommend this book to the autism community, particularly to females who are themselves on the spectrum or have a relative who is. You may find some of the associated challenges described in this book eerily familiar, such as a hypersensitive immune system or features of dysautonomia like gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, and headaches. Likewise, you may find the suggestions for management of those symptoms equally enlightening.
This book is a thorough and excellent resource. For any novice zebra who's wanting to learn more about her/his condition, how to go about seeking diagnosis, and how to manage her/his treatment regime, this book is a must have. And for zebras who are already old hat at this connective tissue disorder thing, it's a great reference that may still teach you quite a few things you didn't already know. And this is certainly a necessity for any physician who has any patients with EDS/HSD– regardless of whether s/he's a general practitioner or specialist!
I'm interested in the links with autism, and also ADHD. Have diagnosed dysautonomia, have a joint hypermobility spectrum diagnosis that still needs to be updated to the post-2017 criteria, and have autism and others with hypermobility in the family. I wonder, too, if there are any links to epilepsy. That is also something in my family, though I dodged that bullet personally.
Not sure about epilepsy unfortunately. We've had difficulty recruiting enough participants with epilepsy with these other conditions (EDS/HSD, autism, etc.) to get a better handle on comorbidity rates. Right now epilepsy in EDS/HSD is ranging in between that of controls (no cases) and high-functioning autism (6%). But the numbers are still too small to get enough statistical power to know for sure. Those numbers are based off about 480 respondents but that's still not a large enough data pool given the low epilepsy rates.
I realized above it sounded like *I* had ASD, when I meant to say that *both* it and hypermobility run in my family. I have diagnosed ADHD, and I am guardian of someone with a severe ASD spectrum diagnosis. That grammar ambiguity, though, does bring up the further question of where ADHD fits with the comorbidities. I didn't take your survey because my relative is male, but if you have one for females with ADHD, I'd do it.
Ah I see. If your male relative is a 1st degree relative then you would have been placed in the "family members" subgroup for the survey. But definitely there's plenty of overlap between many neurodevelopmental conditions and autism. They all kind of lie on the same spectrum, especially within individual families. That's of course not to say that ALL forms of ADHD share an underlying cause with autism. But when ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions occur in autism families, that's usually a good indicator they're different sides to the same die, so to speak. In terms of severe autism though, that often may indicate that something in addition to family heredity has occurred; whether that's an additional mutation event that's made the autism propensity that much more severe, some kind of environmental influence such as a prenatal infection, or a combination of both. In general, the more severe the condition, the more severe (and rare) the cause. That's often why families with only a single incidence of autism (simplex) are more likely to have rare mutations than families with multiple incidences, the latter being more "hereditary." More often, simplex cases are due to a severe mutation in the germ cells that the mother/father don't themselves have.
Interestingly, there's indications that infants who eventually develop regressive autism often have enhanced abilities in certain basic areas (e.g., language) compared to typically developing controls. Even though the differences can be subtle, in this instance "ability" rather than "disability" can be see as a potential risk factor. The immune system may also play an important role in regression risk. People with EDS/HSD for instance often have a characteristic immune profile, one of oversensitivity (e.g., MCAS at the extreme end), autoimmunity, etc. This can run in families. So it's possible your brother had a mild propensity for autism that, along with complicating medical issues, led to some additional brain damage that exaggerates the expression of the autism. When regression occurs, sometimes following an immune insult, important nerve fibers in the brain can be lost. If that occurs in some of the longer fibers, such as the corpus callosum that traverses the brain hemispheres, even after the acute reaction dies down those fibers can't be regrown because that type of growth occurs only during a specific time window during early development. Smaller corpus callosum size is often associated with the social communication problems seen in autism, because it normally helps to coordinate and integrate all that complex social information. But in the case of autism, if those regions of the brain can't communicate well with each other, then socialization can be markedly impaired. –Although it's currently just a hunch, I suspect that regressive autism may be a bit more common in EDS/HSD families because of the immune vulnerability. Having an exaggerated immune response to an illness or even vaccination during the late infancy/toddlerhood time period can also significantly affect the brain, causing it to become "hyperexcitable" (certain immune factors associated with fever like IL-1 are known to stimulate neurons). This hyperexcitability effectively lowers the threshold for things like seizures and probably also for the development of autism symptoms.
P.S. – said male relative also has epilepsy and chronic migraines. I have the migraines, but have only ever had one seizure. If you ever do want someone with that family history to do more internet research surveys, I'm usually game.
Thanks very much! 🙂 I also really enjoyed the book. (Currently a collaborator of mine is borrowing it so he can bone up on EDS/HSD.) Love the 'Pain Pals' blog, have just followed it. Lots of good material!
I am a zebra with hEDS. I was just at the geneticist who confirmed my suspicion of having mitocondrial involvement. With the proper blood work I do have mitochondrial dysfunction. He stated many zebras do as well. There is much to be learned about mito dysfunction or disease and down the road with research they will know the extent of it with many conditions. My other family on my mothers side have many with symptoms associated with mito disease. They do not have EDS, All my nephews have some degree of aspergers and significant ADD. We all have mental conditions that are mentioned with mito disease. What do you know of this involvement?
I live in Canada and only looked at the US EDS society for info. I found out about this book after reading info from the UK EDS society. I am trying to find out how to order the book. Wish I knew about it long ago to help me in spreading EDS awareness among the medicals I've encountered. Non seem to bother with what I provide by the EDS society.
Hi, Kathy. Sorry for the delay in responding, I've been traveling. Regarding mitochondrial disorders: there's really two types of conditions. The first kind is an actual dysfunction of the mitochondria, typically associated with some kind of mitochondrial mutation, and those tend to be more severe (e.g., mental retardation, other medical conditions etc.). Then there's the much more common type of mitochondrial disorder that makes up the majority of cases and those are more a case of "dysregulation" than dysfunction. The mitochondria are intricately tied with many homeostatic functions of the cell. When the cell is experiencing stress, such as chronic inflammation, the mitochondria tend to have a harder time helping to maintain that homeostasis. At that point you can start having mitochondrial dysregulation and that's when stuff can start showing up in bloodwork. That doesn't necessarily mean that the original culprit is the mitochondria per se but simply that they are having a hard time maintaining proper function in a cellular environment that's really stressed. Inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. are all rife in autism. In addition, there is early work indicating that not only do certain neurodevelopmental conditions occur more often alongside EDS/HSD, but also in their families. The links between those conditions, aside from some inherent vulnerability poor collagen provides, lie within inflammatory disorders in particular. We'll be having an article out hopefully in the next couple months reporting on some of those links and how maternal immune activation in EDS/HSD may be a risk factor for autism and EDS/HSD in the child.
Thank you for your prompt reply. Would you say hEDS is some inflammatory disorder? I've been avoiding antiinflam's because I"ve been having prolo/prp to replace my 58 yr old faulty ligaments and tendons with new faulty ones on and off for about a year now. Can hardly wait to see the article. Love your blog!
Really interested in your blog. I've just found it.
I've been diagnosed with PVNH, a cortical malformation. HEDS, Epilepsy and probable autism.
I've been told epilepsy in EDS is more prevalent than generally, but mine is caused by the PVNH. Interesting about the mitochondria testing as well. My daughter had abnormal mito tests.
Thanks very much! If you haven't already found it, there are also references in the literature about heterotopias being found in cases of EDS. It's not exactly certain why that's the case, but one possibility is that neural stem cells (known as radial glia) that underlie the developing cortex attach both their "feet" and "arms" to a basement membrane lining the ventricles below and the developing meninges (connective tissue) above within the brain. So perhaps deficits in extracellular matrix proteins like collagen could affect that relationship between the radial glia and the basement membrane/meninges, leading to misguided neurons (e.g., PVNH). It's been shown that when radial glia are improperly attached to these substrates or detach too early, this often leads to heterotopias.
Jane..the international EDS society has lots of info available. I've not read that epilepsy is a comorbid condition with hEDS I'm not sure of the others. Did your daughters mito results indicate mito dysfunction or a type of mito disease?
Being autistic, I am very interested in the connections between ASD and EDS. I am going in for EDS testing myself in a couple months and am pretty positive I have hypermobile EDS, I worry I might have vascular EDS too, but I hope not since it is by far the most deadly of the EDS family.
Yes, hopefully it won't be vEDS! It's much more likely to be hEDS or some kind of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD). hEDS/HSD can also have vascular issues, but they're usually MUCH less severe than those seen in vEDS. People with vEDS also often have a characteristic facial appearance.


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 February February March April May June July August September October November December 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Go to a Week... Jan 29 - Jan 7
Go to a Month... This Month February 2023 February 1970 March 1970 April 1970 May 1970 June 1970 July 1970 August 1970 September 1970 October 1970 November 1970 December 1970
Course / Section: 洪哲倫老師(宛儒)
Professor or Contact Name: 林宛儒6558
Room: 守仁大樓 - Room 318
Start Date and Time: Monday 05 October 2020 10:00:00 am
End Date and Time: Monday 05 October 2020 01:30:00 pm
Duration: 3.5 hours
Type: Class
Last Updated: Monday 05 October 2020 01:25:12 am
Repeat Type:


Purpose: To practice reading advanced multisyllable words by adding or deleting stable final syllables.
Activity: Students request words to make a contrasting pair: base word/base word-suffix. The following type of questions will be asked: "I have add. Do you have addition?" or "I have collide. Do you have collision?" This game is similar to Go Fish.


JPMorgan Chase & Co., the nation's largest bank by assets, is easing mortgage lending standards in housing markets hard hit by the crash where prices are surging.
The bank lowered some down payment requirements in Florida, Nevada, Arizona and Michigan because they will "no longer be considered distressed states," it informed smaller lenders it buys loans from in July. The second-largest U.S. mortgage lender also loosened underwriting requirements for a refinancing program for Federal Housing Administration borrowers.
As the economy rebounds and home values climb at about the fastest pace since 2006, lenders including the largest, Wells Fargo & Co., JPMorgan, Bank of America Corp., and mortgage insurers are easing the tightest credit conditions in two decades, lifting restrictions put in place after the worst real estate bust since the Great Depression. Banks are being forced to compete harder for customers after a spike in borrowing costs from near-record lows slowed refinancing by 60 percent and curbed what had been record profits.
"Historically, you make underwriting as tough as possible when people are lined up at the door and when the lines go away, you start loosening underwriting to get people back," said Guy Cecala, publisher of Inside Mortgage Finance.
More than 10 percent of banks reported they loosened standards on "prime" or low-risk residential loans in recent months, according to the Federal Reserve's July survey of senior loan officers. The average FICO score for closed loans fell to 737 in July, the lowest level since at least August 2011, according to data compiled by Pleasanton, California-based Ellie Mae. Borrowers loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios also increased from May, signaling lenders are willing to accept more risk to maintain volume.
Wells Fargo, which originated about 1 in 4 U.S. home loans in the first half of the year, has relaxed certain credit standards and is requiring borrowers to put up less equity to buy high-priced homes.
The San Francisco-based bank began, on July 13, to offer nonconforming loans with a loan-to-value ratio of 85 percent, up from 80 percent, according to Tom Goyda, a bank spokesman. That means borrowers have to come up with less equity to get financing. The terms on the loans, which are too large for purchase by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, apply for new home purchases and refinancing, and don't require mortgage insurance, Goyda said in an e-mail.
Goyda declined to provide further details on where Wells Fargo has eased underwriting restrictions.
JPMorgan removed a minimum 640 credit score requirement for the FHA's streamlined refinancing program in May, enabling more borrowers to get new home loans at lower interest rates, according to spokeswoman Amy Bonitatibus.
Banks are trying to lure more borrowers after refinancing applications dropped to a two-year low. The industry benefitted from record profit margins last year, when refinancing accounted for 76 percent of last year's $1.75 trillion in loan originations.
JPMorgan Chief Executive Officer Jamie Dimon told investors in July that rising interest rates could trigger a "dramatic reduction" in the bank's mortgage profits after mortgage fees and related revenue at the bank dropped 20 percent to $1.82 billion in the second quarter, compared with $2.27 billion a year earlier. The firm is eliminating as many as 19,000 jobs in its mortgage and community-banking divisions through 2014 as Dimon trims expenses, JPMorgan said in February.
Bank of America has been easing underwriting standards in markets it designated as "soft" in certain parts of the country as the housing market improves, said Kris Yamamoto, a company spokeswoman.
Since Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke indicated the central bank may slow its purchases of government and mortgage bonds, the average rate on 30-year home loans has risen more than 1.2 percentage points after hitting a low of 3.35 percent in May, according to Freddie Mac data.
The U.S. homeownership rate fell to 65 percent this year, its lowest level since 1995, according to Census Bureau data, as fewer people were able to qualify for a mortgage. Banks are starting to ease credit with home prices across the country rising 12.1 percent in June from a year earlier, according to the S&P/Case-Shiller index of 20 cities.
Prices in some of the hardest-hit markets have rebounded faster. Las Vegas gained 24.9 percent, Phoenix showed a 19.8 percent increase, Detroit rose 16.4 percent Miami-area values were up 14.8 percent.
Private-equity firms such as Blackstone Group LP building rental businesses and other cash buyers have helped lift house prices in cities showing some of the biggest gains. Their mass purchases have made it more difficult for borrowers seeking mortgage financing, as they compete for a shrinking supply of properties.
In Florida, lenders including JPMorgan and mortgage insurers this year removed many of the additional requirements that had helped to push the share of cash buyers above 45 percent in the second quarter, said Rob Nunziata, co-Chief Executive Officer of FBC Mortgage LLC.
JPMorgan decreased the minimum downpayment on mortgages made in Florida for primary residences to 5 percent from 10 percent and down to 10 percent from 20 percent for second homes, according to Bonitatibus.
Mortgage insurers that restricted coverage during the housing crisis, including MGIC Investment Corp. and Genworth Financial Inc., have eased underwriting guidelines this year as the market improves.
During the crash, borrowers in California, Florida, Nevada and Arizona needed a credit score of at least 700 and could have a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 90 percent to qualify for mortgage insurance with MGIC, said Sal Miosi, vice president of marketing at the Milwaukee-based firm.
Last month, the third-largest U.S. mortgage insurer limited rules so borrowers whose loans qualify for purchase by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac with credit scores of at least 620 and a loan-to-value ratio up to 97 percent can get insurance coverage, according to Miosi.
Additional restrictions "weren't contributing to the credit quality, they were just adding to complexity," he said.
Genworth Financial Inc., the fourth-largest mortgage insurer in the country, broadened credit guidelines in the first quarter of 2013 and reduced pricing, Rohit Gupta, chief executive officer of the company's U.S. mortgage insurance business, said in an e-mailed statement.
Banks are still taking a cautious credit posture, according to David H. Stevens, CEO of the Mortgage Bankers Association.
A decrease in access for interest-only loans and those with terms longer than 30 years led to a slide in a Mortgage Bankers Association measure of loan availability last month.
Those types of loans are less attractive to banks as planned rules created by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to curb abusive or risky lending kick in next year.
Credit has been loosening faster for the wealthiest Americans, since bigger loans are mostly put on bank balance sheets instead of packaged into securities that get sold to investors. Applications for jumbo mortgages of at least $729,000 increased 59 percent in the first four months from a year earlier. Loans of less than $150,000, fell by 2.1 percent, according to the MBA.
President Barack Obama's administration has been pushing to expand homeownership opportunities as families rebuilding from the recession face some of the tightest underwriting standards. The president last month introduced new housing reforms targeted at middle-class communities.
Borrowers with foreclosures or bankruptcies resulting from a job or income loss can now finance a home purchase with an FHA mortgage as long as they demonstrate 12 months of timely payments, complete housing counseling and otherwise qualify. The FHA, a government mortgage insurer, previously required a three- year wait.
More than 7 million houses have been sold for a loss or lost to foreclosure since 2007, according to RealtyTrac.
"The reaction post-bust was a bit extreme but we're returning to more prudent underwriting standards," said Erin Lantz, director of mortgages at Seattle-based Zillow Inc.


Electro dialysis is used whenever solutions, which contain dissolved electrically charged ions, have to be concentrated or diluted. The electrolyte separation of solutions which contain electrical uncharged molecules, like e.g. sugar, proteins and so on, is also possible. The electro dialysis process is driven by the electrical potential.
For conditioning, the solutions are pumped through the membrane stack and at the electrodes, a direct current voltage will be applied. The positively charged salt ions (cations) follow the electrical field and flow to the cathode, the negatively charged ions (anions) flow to the anode.
A membrane stack for electro dialysis consists of a series of cells, which are separated from eac h other by alternating anions and cations exchange membranes. The stack is completed by a anode and a cathode and fixed in a clamping device which looks similar to a filter press.
The positively charged ions are able to pass the cations exchange membrane, but they cannot pass the following anions exchange membrane and are retained. Vice versa the negatively charged ions are able to pass the anions exchange membrane and are retained at the cations exchange membrane. Hence, ions are concentrated (concentrate) in every second cell whereas the ions of the neighboring cells are removed (diluate).
By supply and drain connections at the cell frame, the diluate and concentrate flow can be pumped through the cells of the membrane stack.
OSMO Membrane Systems engineers and produces customized electro dialysis plants for all kinds of applications. The design of the plants is based on a modular conception: series connection of stacks means a higher grade of desalination, whereas parallel connection of stacks means a higher volume flow.


text:
Home Front: Love, marriage and grocery shopping in the time of COVID-19
Author Francie Lin. GAZETTE FILE PHOTO
A line of people wait on April 9 for entrance to the Big Y in Northampton. Earlier that week, Merridith O'Leary, Northampton's public health director, and the Board of Health ordered that all grocery stores, supermarkets and convenience stores implement customer occupancy limits based on square footage, monitor one entry and one exit point, and provide markings and implement techniques to encourage proper social distancing, among other changes. GAZETTE FILE PHOTO/JERREY ROBERTS
A line of people wait for entrance to Big Y in Northampton, April 9, 2020. Earlier that week, Merridith O'Leary, Northampton's public health director, and the Board of Health ordered that all grocery stores, supermarkets and convenience stores implement customer occupancy limits based on square-footage, monitor one entry and one exit point, and provide markings and implement techniques to encourage proper social distancing, among other changes. GAZETTE FILE PHOTO/JERREY ROBERTS
By FRANCIE LIN
For the Gazette
Published: 5/5/2020 9:04:13 AM
Well, at a certain point you have to dry your eyes, put on your big girl pants and figure out how to manage for the long haul. The first order of business was the grocery situation. The day the schools closed was the day before my daughter's 12th birthday; I had gone to Big Y in hopes of getting some incidental things for her birthday cake, but when I saw the lines and the general air of panic in the crowded aisles, I quietly put back the vanilla and the powdered sugar and candles, left and didn't set foot in the store — or any grocery store — for another four weeks.
I didn't go to the store because back in February, with sudden, bewildering efficiency, my husband, Steve, had taken over the shopping. Groceries are usually my purview. I am strict about food and spend a lot on fruit and vegetables, weird grains, tofu. I don't like buying deli meat or beef of any kind. I am always trying to pick the crackers and cereals with the most fiber and least amount of additives and am perpetually exceeding our grocery budget for the sake of organic whatever — a tendency that has always prompted a little teeth-gnashing from Steve, who is admirably frugal.
But for several weeks, Steve had been coming back from the store with enough groceries to have blown the budget by significantly more than a bag of organic arugula.
It started small — an extra can of beans here, an extra pack of toilet paper there — but eventually progressed to the point where our basement resembled a serviceable shelter for end times, if end times involved a lot of Goldfish crackers and Ronzoni. I rolled my eyes but didn't say anything. We've known each other for 20 years, have been married for almost 16. Emergency preparedness is something he relishes, like a crossword or a puzzle. He once made me bring several bottles of water and a snack just in case I got stranded on a quick run through Fitzgerald Lake.
Despite my firsthand knowledge of, and love for, this particular quirk of his, there was a point at which all of Steve's prep began to grate on my nerves. I can't remember exactly when the annoyance set in — after the stationary bike delivery but before the portable fire pit arrived on the porch? Or maybe before the hunting down of extra yeast, bought from some unnamed source in a plastic cup, but after the commercial flour jackpot discovery?
Right after the governor's order was issued, Steve felt a crushing personal responsibility for all the beloved stores and restaurants that had to close or limit operations and bought so many loaves of bread from Bread Euphoria that we could barely fit them all in the freezer.
All of this was distressing to me in the extreme. I have mentioned that Steve is frugal, but let me give you a concrete example: He still refers, albeit with a wink, to his threadbare, 20-year-old fleece jacket as his New Fleece. He keeps a strict monthly budget, and we stick to it, the occasional exceptions being stuff for the kids and my dalliances with organic produce. We have long-term savings. We have short-term savings. We have retirement accounts. We have charitable giving budgets. We have budgets for gifts. We have budgets for dates. So to suddenly encounter a man who throws caution to the wind and buys 14 pounds of dried beans from nutstop.com without due consideration was like living with a bodysnatcher — my lovable pinchpenny, gone.
I'm joking, sort of. But, more seriously, my unhappiness with this state of affairs is based on a question no one really wants to think about, except maybe from the safety of less menacing times: In a world where there is not enough to go around, what would you do?
My first instinct in all of this has been to draw down: to eat less, buy less. The other night I found myself wondering whether I should add another carrot to the soup or if I should save it — a thought with no basis in reason, because how would saving a single carrot help anything?
Every time I've read a book or seen a movie involving pandemic or zombie apocalypse, I have thought: I'd rather die than live in a world where I had to shoot someone in order to get food, or where I had to say no to someone who was starving in order to survive. In his extra-budgetary purchases of pasta and toilet paper, I saw in Steve a different, not exactly selfless instinct. In a pandemic movie, he would be the hero with the gun, certainly … but they don't usually show that guy giving up his last can of beans to a stranger.
All of this came to a head a few weeks ago when finally, exasperated, I insisted that I do the shopping. Steve had been putting me off every week, saying that he was the one who knew the routine, it was better if he did it, why didn't I just stay home with the kids, before zipping off and coming back with an insane amount of stuff that choked the fridge. I intended to restore some rationality to the budget, and also he was buying weird kinds of cheese. "I haven't been to the store in a month!" I told him, practically shouting. "It's ridiculous! I can't just never go to the store again!"
I think for the rest of my life I will remember the strange, sad look he gave me before he said, quietly, "I've just been trying to spare you what it's like there. It's not the same as it was before. It's depressing. And it's stressful. You're doing so much already that I thought I could take this one on for the household."
In that moment, I realized something. Steve's quasi-hoarding instincts were partly about physical survival ("survival" might be too strong a word) but also about the enabling of a kind of moral vision (or illusion, depending on your level of cynicism), specifically mine. The image I have of myself as the kind of person who would rather die than surrender to the savagery of survivors in a zombie movie was made possible by his efforts to buy, acquire and save — the same survivalist impulses I had been mentally condemning. It's easy to give away a can of beans when you have shelves full of them. But if I really did have nothing but a meal or two left in the pantry, and our kids were hungry and crying, what would I do?
It's an impossible calculus and one that I can't make hypothetically. I hope I would be the person I think I am; I hope my kids would be proud of me. But you never know. In the meantime, Steve and I now alternate the weekly shopping because, while I hate going to the store, it feels much better to share the lousiness, and we are both lucky enough to work remotely anyway.
His survival instincts have calmed down a little, although the other day he did buy and install a bidet toilet attachment. The water is a little cold on the bum, the whole set up requires some extra steps, and I'm still not used to it yet. But it saves an enormous amount of toilet paper and — of arguably equal importance — it allows us to keep the margin of kindness and civilization alive. Do you need toilet paper? Just ask me.
Francie Lin is an editor and writer who has a complicated relationship with domestic life. She lives in Florence.
By ZEKE MILLER and AAMER MADHANI - Today
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Joe Biden is moving swiftly to dismantle Donald Trump's legacy on his first day in office, signing a series of...
Vaccinations continue at Soldiers' Home in Holyoke
By DAN CROWLEY - Today
HOLYOKE – CVS Health workers were at the Soldiers' Home Tuesday administering a second dose of COVID-19 vaccine to veterans and staff as well as...
Delays at state level stall review of CDBG funded projects in Amherst
By SCOTT MERZBACH - Today
AMHERST — Projects to build three miles of publicly accessible trails through Hickory Ridge Golf Course, renovate sidewalks in downtown Amherst and...
Habitat for Humanity to build two homes in Pelham
PELHAM — Two Habitat for Humanity homes will break ground at 8 Amherst Road this spring.For families interested in becoming the owners of the homes...
North Adams man admits killing wife, gets life sentence
The Backstory: Richard Dresser recalls his days at the Belchertown State School
A space to just 'be': Northampton seeks place to house 'Community Resilience Hub' for those in need
Ruling scraps conversion therapy bans across Florida
The mushroom is the elf of plants,At evening it is not;At morning in a truffled hutIt stops upon a s
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You are here: Home / News Makers / Robert Rodriguez Changing the Way Hollywood Makes Movies
Robert Rodriguez Changing the Way Hollywood Makes Movies
October 11, 2012 By Latinovations Staff
It was on the wide margins of his grade school Spanish-English dictionary where film director-writer Robert Rodriguez discovered his passion. Instead of listening to his teacher in class, he would sketch cartoon figures that would come to life with the turn of a page. And it was that same fast pace and animated approach to telling a story that would later allow the young film maker to revolutionize the film industry.
"When I was sitting in school drawing my flip cartoons I thought I would probably never get a real job," says Rodriguez "I never thought I would be in Hollywood."
It didn't take long for the San Antonio native to stand out among the best directors in the field. His student film, "El Mariachi," which he made with only $7,000 dollars that he raised by subjecting himself to a medical experiments, was praised by critics, ultimately pulling him into the spotlight as an up-and-coming director, writer and editor.
Rodriguez says he wanted to disguise his low-budget film as a blockbuster and to do so, he had to be creative in the way he filmed and edited the movie. Instead of renting or purchasing equipment that would help with the smooth cinematic moves, he borrowed a wheelchair from a nearby hospital, placed the camera on top, and went on to shoot. These techniques were later used and served as inspiration in later films like "Desperado" and "Once Upon a Time in Mexico."
"I quickly realized you really didn't need money to make a movie. You just need to offer a point of view that people weren't used to seeing," Rodriguez explains. "As a filmmaker you make what you know and you end up having a lot of yourself in the movie."
For Rodriguez, that meant incorporating his life experience of growing up in San Antonio, Texas with 10 brothers and sisters and giving Latin stars an opportunity in the big screen – actors like Salma Hayek, Danny Trejo, Antonio Banderas and Rosario Dawson. A mission that he says will continue as he heads the independent TV network, "El Rey."
"For all the reason you can't break into Hollywood, that's why El Rey exists. We will be able to create our own stars, tell our own stories and allow other Latin film makers to come and cultivate that voice."
The network scheduled to launch in 2014 and Rodriguez says it will feature animated series, documentaries, news and music that he says will be tailored for second and third generation Latinos.
"If you get a job doing your passion, you will never work a day in your life," he says. "People think I am so busy all the time, but I never work. I'm always playing."
This article originally appeared on NBC Latino.
Filed Under: News Makers Tagged With: Desperado, Director, El Mariachi, El Rey, Film, Hispanic, Latino, Movies, Once Upon A Time In Mexico, Robert Rodriguez, Spanish


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Then, as fast as this all started, the match is over. You walk to your instructor almost throwing up, due to the dryness in your throat, to go over what just happened; you realize you don't remember many of the details of the match. As you take a moment to collect yourself, you wonder, "What happened to me?" You did not fight the way you train in your academy. Your cardio conditioning paled in comparison to what you perceive your abilities to be. And, to cap things off, you did not express your techniques the way you usually do in training. You just experienced your first adrenaline dump brought on by the nerves of competing, or, otherwise known as by professional athletes and entertainers, performance anxiety.
Somatic anxiety is the physiological response to a situation: heart rate increase, uncomfortably dry mouth, muscle tension, sweaty palms, intense fidgeting, and/or breathing becomes increasingly shallow. All of the aforementioned symptoms are tangible effects of somatic anxiety. If you're experiencing these symptoms, it means that anxiety has crossed a threshold and it can no longer be contained in the mind. These symptoms are natural mechanisms that the body employs to release some of this tension. The nervous system is hard at work as it anticipates a "fight or flight" situation.
However, this isn't a true fight or flight situation. Nobody's life is at risk. You will not have to fight for literal survival or have to run as fast as your body can go in order to save your life. We are merely about to engage in sport. Jiu-Jitsu is a combative sport, but a sport nonetheless.
Cognitive Anxiety is the mental and emotional response to a situation. This may include: doubting your abilities, worrying that the techniques aren't adequate, crippling apprehension, worrying about facing someone who's much better, fear, thoughts of losing and planning to deal with the loss, feeling panicked, visualizing the loss, losing focus on the task at hand, and/or forgetting parts of the game plan.
Cognitive anxiety typically comes from two places: fear of failure or inappropriate focus. It's important to know that you are in control of your thinking. While the brain may be wired to worry, you still have the ability to logically think through these worries and refocus the mind more appropriately. It's not always as easy as it sounds, but with practice one can create more effective mental habits. Consider this: the chemical reaction that occurs in the brain when excited is exactly the same as the chemical reaction that occurs when anxious. It's all about perception! One thing some like to do is take advantage of one of the many cannabis products out there. This could even be just CBD. Fortunately, there is a wide range of dispensary supplies available so you don't have to ingest the "traditional" way.
Ah, the old art of war adage. It serves us in many respects, and, here, it rings true as ever. By understanding the different tenets of anxiety, it is easy to identify which symptoms you're experiencing. Having distinguished between somatic and/or cognitive anxiety symptoms, a strategic plan of attack may be employed. Of course, the two tenets are interrelated, so it is important to understand that you can't just address one of them and expect your performance anxiety to be quelled.
Given that anxiety can affect performance in three different ways, it's best to have a plan of attack that's threefold, as well as a good idea of how to deal with the entire spectrum of effects that may be encountered in competition.
Don't make the mistake of simply focusing on being completely calm. It may prove to be futile. Instead, embrace the nervousness and learn to develop a useful response to the performance anxiety in order to reframe the energy from anxiety to excitement. Spend more time training what you'll actually encounter in a competition rather than just training to train. What does this look like?
With an appropriate training partner, agree on going a full round as hard as possible with the goal of working yourself into exhaustion. Then, the following round, do not take a break. Rather, with a new fresh partner, try to enact your game plan and techniques while in a state of physical exhaustion and breathing hard. Can you still pull off your sweeps? Are you thinking clear? Are your submissions as effortless as they usually are? One day, wear the gi you are planning on wearing to the competition. Ask your instructor if he could have everyone circle around the mat to watch you roll with someone of the appropriate rank with regular competition guidelines. Does having people watch affect your performance?
Which muscles get tight under pressure? What happens to your breathing and grips? Do you forget to breathe? Do you hold on too tight and blow out your grip strength? What happens to your sense of timing? Do you rush or wait too long? Is there a propensity to bail on your game plan?
There are numerous methods for using deep breathing to reduce anxious energy to appropriate levels. Try breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth as slowly and deeply as possible. It should never feel like you're holding your breath or forcing it out. Try to imagine breathing through the heart; it can better help to decrease your heart rate. Focusing on breathing and counting each breath as you exhale has the added bonus of distracting the mind from worried thoughts.
One tip I received from both Daniel Faggela and Justin Rader is to create a routine before training every day. This routine is to only be used before training as a means to prepare to get to work. Before their first match, Justin and Daniel both go through the same routine that they use before training at their academy. The effect is twofold: their body receives a signal that it's time to perform again, and the familiarity of routine helps mitigate the stressors of the present situation. This routine can include: music (anything from hiphop to classical orchestra), visualization of initiating the match, executing the first technique, positive focus, and self-talk. Remember, there is a fine line between excitement and anxiety. Self-talk goes a long way in reframing your energy to your advantage!
Finally, another trick I have been using lately is napping in the bullpen. After my warm up routine and in between matches, I find a spot to lie down. I tell the mat coordinator where I will be, and I do my best to take a nap. If I can't sleep, I use this time to practice more deep breathing and positive focus. I picked this up from my instructor; it has worked very well for me.
Don't dwell on potential outcomes prior to or during a competition; focus on exacting a game plan. Focus on success related emotions and imagery (how good will it feel having your hand raised by the referee?). Consider that it is much more likely for you to demonstrate your true abilities rather than have a match that is completely uncharacteristic of them. Set realistic expectations, especially if the training was un-tapered or you're returning from injury or illness. Work on communication with your coach; get him/her to explain their training philosophy and why your game plan will work.
Make sure the focus is completely appropriate. Do not focus on things you cannot control. You cannot control who your opponent will be, who will be watching you, if there will be an injury, or how prestigious the tournament will be. The focus should not be on past matches, or thoughts of a negative future (i.e. what will people think if I lose?).
If you can't control it, let it go. Make a list of all your worries and cross off anything you can't directly impact. If there are things you can control, make a plan to manipulate the situation to your favor. Focus on what is needed to compete well (be first, stick to your game plan, execute without being tentative, etc.). Focus on the task (competing) rather than the situation (this is my first match ever!). Live in the moment. Consider how you will make this a great showing of your art. Trust that if you roll like you've trained to, the outcome will take care of itself.
Great advice for anyone planning on competing. Hard to simulate that adrenaline dump in the gym.


As you know one of my goals has been to learn to cook. I can't say I have become a pro, but at least I haven't completely burnt any meals yet. I can't say they were all completely wonderful, but at least I am making progress. One thing I have found to be fun is baking. I wanted to make a fall treat the other day but do not like pumpkin. The choices for fall-themed baked goods were few, mostly because I didn't know what to search for, so I settled on a chocolate chip banana bread. It turned out very good and my favorite part was the top because it had brown sugar and cinnamon that gave it an awesome "first bite". Here is a picture of the inspiration. The recipe that was used was just a banana bread recipe and then I threw some chocolate chips in at the end. I did not include the lemon juice or the walnuts that the original recipe called for. Pretty good if I do say so myself.


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Q: View's android:onClick as static method, possible? As documentation says

Name of the method in this View's context to invoke when the view is clicked.

Perfect, but is it "somehow" possible to create a static method and use it everywhere I need, not to define inside each Activity class. And yes I'm aware of defining the method inside base Activity class. All I'm looking for is to just write full name of method and let it uses it. Possible ?
Thanks

A: You cannot assign a static method to the onClick xml property. You'll have to add the method you specify there to any activity that consumes the layout. You can have that method in each activity call a static method that actually handles the click, but there's no way to avoid having the instance methods altogether.

A: It's not possible. Android searches for this method in an activity instance. That is why it must belong to an instance.

A: My suggestion is you create a class that handles all the functions that the buttons does
and call that function on the Activity's onClick method.
Example
public class AppModel {

    public static void button1Function(){
        //do something
    }
}

then on your activities
 public void button1Clicked(View view){
     AppModel.button1Function();
 }

I think this looks like the MVC design paradigm. Click here for further reading.

A: Why don't you create an entire new class having your static method?
You can load this class wherever you want then...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Effectively » Setting up rim and trimmer joists, to that your floor joists are nailed, finishes the perimeter. Bracing, usually in the form of bridging, but often installed as strapping, prevents the joists from turning in place. One other method used to prevent this kind of making is to glue the sub-flooring to the joists, as the sub-floor is placed. All joists must stretch at least 1-1/2″ on to a bearing set up, of either a beam or full height wall, unless metal hangers are installed to provide proper bearing support against other structural components. Beams, which support the floor joists over better spans, are designed by means of laminated joists also known as developed beams, or one part solid weight bearing beams, slice from logs or constructed.
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Effectively » Truss floors are simply just that. They can be made of small dimensioned lumber, interconnected in a webwork design by the use of metal or wood plates. Once in a while, the trusses will be built on site, utilizing plywood plates to hook up the webwork mutually. Generally they are really installed 24″ apart, either suspended on bearing wall surfaces or beams, or installed with plywood cut or rim joists around the perimeter.
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drawback is that kind of floor requires special hanger systems suitable for the joists, to permit those to be hung from the other person or against beams/bearing wall surfaces. Manufactured joists are becoming a popular floor coverings system, for they are relatively cheap, reduce labour time and provide adequate support.
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Effectively » You can find three main types of sub-flooring installed to hide and span the floor structure. It really is over this that the completed floor will be placed. The sub-flooring types include fresh sheathing, interlocking and strip. It is utilised not only to provide a surface for the inside finishes to be placed on, but also to prevent twisting or torque causes located on the building. The sub-floor also allows fill showing within the joist framing system. Often the sub-flooring is glued to the joist work to eliminate creaking floors and prevent the floor joists from turning.


Wetang'ula insists unity talks should involve everyone and should be for the benefit of all.
He revisited his displeasure with the March 9 handshake between ODM leader Raila Odinga and President Uhuru Kenyatta.
According to him, the main issues of concern include electoral injustices, unaccountability, tribalism and runaway corruption.
On Tuesday, Wiper leader Kalonzo Musyoka offered to mediate between Mr Odinga and Wetang'ula.
In a cagey speech in Busia Thursday, Mr Wetang'ula, who has been in a self-made political turmoil since the Nasa alliance downgraded his stature as Senate minority leader, told a gathering he will only support a structured dialogue.
He insisted that any unity talks should involve everyone and should be for the benefit of everyone, revisiting his displeasure with the March 9 handshake between ODM leader Raila Odinga and President Uhuru Kenyatta.
"We lauded the handshake between President Kenyatta and Mr Odinga because it has lowered political temperatures in the country but, again, the initiative alone does not solve the problems that brought us where we were," said the senator.
According to him, the main issues of concern include electoral injustices, unaccountability, tribalism, runaway corruption that has brought the country to its knees and deprivation of the ordinary mwananchi.
"These issues cannot be solved by a handshake. For instance, we can only address electoral injustices through reform of the law and the Constitution. The analogy that we accept and move on even if you are oppressed will not help us at all unless someone faces prosecution for their mischief," he said.
The Nasa alliance is composed of ODM, Ford Kenya, Wiper and Amani National Congress.
And though it is technically in existence, wrangles have shaken the group since Mr Odinga's initiative to calm the country by meeting the President.
But ODM responded by saying that no dispute exists between them, even though the response also indicated Mr Wetang'ula had to accept the new arrangement or ship out.
"There is nothing like reconciling. You are reconciling who and who? I do not see any issue here, and since we have not registered any dispute between us and Ford Kenya, what then?" asked Mr John Mbadi, the ODM chairman.
"All we did was that we asked Mr Wetang'ula to behave. It is him who made the unfortunate remarks about us," Mr Mbadi said.
Mr Wetang'ula, who has been in opposition only during the Uhuru Kenyatta presidency, having been a nominated MP in Daniel Moi's administration and later as a minister in Mwai Kibaki's time, has played victim since his ouster from the prestigious Senate post four months ago.
But critics argue that he made noise when he knew he had no political stamina from his own party.
On Thursday evening, he was proclaiming intend to contest the presidency first by attempting to bring the elusive Luhya unity, a project previous politicians including Amani's Musalia Mudavadi has failed to achieve.
"My charge for 2022 presidency is unstoppable. I am ready to form the next government either as Weta or with others," he told the crowd.
The senator was responding to Matayos MP Geoffrey Odanga who had warned him that walking out of Nasa would be politically catastrophic and instead pleaded with him to pull together with other leaders within the coalition.


Paris-Nice 2013: Richie Porte stronger than everyone else on the Col d'Eze!
The last stage of Paris-Nice 2013 today was the individual time trial on the Col d'Eze, which made its comeback in the Paris-Nice race route at the occasion of the 70th edition of the Race to the sun last year.
The time trial was won by Richie Porte, even though he didn't need to win it anymore to take the overall win and thus become the first Australian winner of this race and take the second victory in a row for Team Sky.
151 riders started in this individual time trial, all the way up from the center of Nice to the top of the Col d'Eze 9.6 kilometers further.
Rick Flens (Blanco Pro Cycling Team) was the first rider to start and the Dutch rider set the first time on top at 22'35".
This Sunday 10 March, Paris-Nice 2013, the 71st edition already of the Race to the sun, will end with the individual time trial between Nice and the Col d'Eze.
In this article you'll find the order and the exact start times of each of the 151 remaining riders of the Paris-Nice 2013 peloton.
This forelast stage of Paris-Nice 2013 was the longuest, with its 220 kilometers between Manosque and Nice. The different difficulties of today's stage thinned out the peloton chasing behind a big leading group and this selection thus battled for the sprint on the Promenade des Anglais, sprint won by Sylvain Chavanel (Omega Pharma-QuickStep).
After the different abandons in yesterday's stage and the two non starting riders (Francis de Greef (Lotto-Belisol) and Alexis Vuillermoz (Sojasun)) this morning in Manosque, 163 riders started on the roads of this longuest stage of Paris-Nice 2013, 220 kilometers towards the Promenade des Anglais in Nice.
The 3rd time for a stage win and yellow in Paris-Nice 2013: Richie Porte first on top of the Montagne de Lure!
He was one of the favourites, he showed today he deserved that title, Richie Porte (Team Sky) arrived solo on top of the Montagne de Lure, the small sister of the Mont Ventoux, and also takes over the yellow jersey.
The last time Paris-Nice visited the Montagne de Lure, in 2009, Alberto Contador took (back) the yellow jersey on top of this mountain by winning the stage, but despite his 1'13" gap in the general classification, he didn't win the race. Porte currently heads the general classification with a 32 seconds gap on Talansky. Will he be luckier?
Today's stage in Paris-Nice 2013 offered a profile which could have allowed some real battling for the stage victory. However, the leading group of 7 and later 4 riders didn't manage to stay away and a group of 37 riders thus arrived at the finish for a bunch sprint.
The sprint in Saint-Vallier was won by Michael Albasini (Orica-GreenEDGE) while the yellow jersey stays on the shoulders of Andrew Talansky (Garmin-Sharp).
199.5 kilometers seperated the start in Brioude from the finish in Saint-Vallier in the 4th stage of Paris-Nice 2013 and the riders had no less than 7 difficulties to climb.
At the occasion of Paris-Nice 2013, velowire.com met with Jérémy Roy to briefly discuss the 2013 season which only just started.
In this video interview you'll discover the big goal of the season of the rider from Tours, as well as some other information about his season to come.
The 3rd stage of Paris-Nice 2013 took place in the rain, with a long breakaway of 4 riders which was taken back before the finish. The sprint didn't turn out to be a bunch sprint like the past few days however since the profile of the last part of this stage allowed a small group to get away and thus have the stage winner among this small selection.
That fortunate rider's name was Andrew Talansky (Garmin-Sharp) and since the yellow jersey group with Elia Viviani (Cannondale) himself in front finished almost 3 minutes later, the young American rider also took the yellow jersey.
For the second stage of Paris-Nice 2013, we again expected a bunch sprint at the finish, on a long straight line of no less than 4 kilometers towards the white line drawn on the road in Cérilly.
The rider who wore the yellow jersey, the French Champion Nacer Bouhanni (FDJ), could no longer dispute this sprint however since he crashed badly at a little bit under 60 kilometers from the finish and was taken to the hospital.
The peloton came full speed to the finish line and it was finally Marcel Kittel (Argos-Shimano) who managed to put his hands in the sky while winning this stage.
The first stage in line of Paris-Nice 2013 ended, as expected in a bunch sprint in Nemours, after 195 kilometers of racing from the start in front of the castle in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
A 3 riders strong breakaway was taken back in the local circuit around Nemours and Nacer Bouhanni (FDJ) finally won the stage, his second sprint victory this year, after the 6th stage of the Tour of Oman a few weeks ago.
Thanks to the 10 bonus seconds, the French Champion will no longer wear his bleu-white-red jersey tomorrow since he changed it for a yellow kit!
Under a timid sun, the 184 riders of this 71st edition of Paris-Nice came to the start of this first stage.
As expected, the prologue in the streets of Houilles didn't lead to big time gaps due to the race route being only 2.9 kilometers long, quite winding and in a rural area.
In order to get the first yellow jersey at the end of the afternoon, a rider should thus almost rather be a sprinter than a time trial specialist. A track profile would also work out and that's what Damien Gaudin (Team Europcar) showed by winning this first part of Paris-Nice 2013.
The first rider to start in Houilles was Marco Bandiera of the IAM Cycling team and with 3'55" he of course wrote down the first reference time.