Through acts of terror, militant Islamists want to avenge God but commit idolatry instead.
You can't avenge God. And you have to be overly foolhardy to assume that you are qualified to do so. Holy warriors of all stripes may believe they can but they simply exact vengeance for all the little and medium-sized impertinences they have experienced in their lives. They take vengeance for what they perceive as a violation of their identity. In their minds, religion becomes a cipher for their inner selves. "Whoever takes the liberty to insult my religion, also insults me personally", they reason, when it is actually just the other way around: whoever insults me, also insults my religion.
By attaching to your sense of belonging to a religious community, your personal identity is safeguarded from complete voidance – and invigorated by the assumption that your faith is the only one that is true. This is what in your mind distinguishes you from all the others who only seem to be superior at first sight. It is this reasoning then, the belief that you are among the few chosen ones, that turns humiliation into glory. The Lord's self-declared avengers effectively switch roles: After all, God calls upon the prophet and not the other way around. This pushes these overzealous warriors to the limits where it becomes clear, that others will not follow their example. Following this logic, it is a sad truth that the first victims of militant Islamism's self-righteousness are moderate Muslims. Every terrorist attack conducted by radical Islamists is therefore first and foremost an attack on every Muslim who condemns such gruesome acts.
The seed of this toxic belief to be amongst God's chosen few can be traced back to our religious figures. Wasn't it Jesus Christ himself who challenged the order of his day and age with his radical beliefs and proclamations? He too felt chosen by God and his purification of the Temple was the straw that broke the camel's back: The enraged aristocracy decided to have him executed by the Roman forces of law and order. Jesus accepted his faith and considered it a confirmation of him being the chosen one. "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise." (Luke 23:43) he uttered to one of the two criminals that were crucified along with him. To his disciples he spoke before his passion: "You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you so that you might go and bear fruit—fruit that will last" (John 15:16).
It is this radicalism that some priests of the Latin American liberation theology followed when they took it as their mission, equipped with stole and machine-guns, to guarantee a fairer land distribution among the population – just as the Lord would have wanted it.
But would he? One photo signifies an important theological decision. On it, a representative of the liberation movement, Ernesto Cardenal, kneels before John Paul II and kisses his ring in greeting, only to be lectured by a visibly upset pope.
People who have always found Karol Wojtyla overly conservative see a moralist at work here. But seen in the light of yesterday's events in Paris (and what for years we have been criticizing as the ill effects of individual Islamists that believe to be "chosen") the image assumes new meaning: When priests employ weapons to fire off their interpretation of scripture, they distort the New Testament's peaceful message.
Instead, it is the most important task of the faithful to impatiently wait for the arrival of God's kingdom – in which the injustices of our time are resolved by the presence of an all-just God.
We can of course try to understand that there are people unwilling to wait for that. But "all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword" (Matthew 26:52). This means that whoever wants to act as judge on earth shows that he has no faith in God. He turns himself into a God – out of vengeance and the belief that revenge cannot be postponed. Consequentially, he becomes an a-theist; he moves away from God. Judgement, as Christians and Muslims both believe, is God's task. He alone decides who may enter heaven. It's his place after all.
Anyone trying to fight idolatry, that is pictorial representations of the Lord and his prophets, has to take care not to turn themselves into God and become and idol themselves! Who decides over life and death in God's place is their own God. Theoretically speaking, he should see in himself the biggest enemy of faith and fight himself, through fasting, prayer, pilgrimage. He should fight the hubris that, according to scripture, once ejected us from paradise. Because that is the place where humanity first tried to be like God. This is the true Jihad, for Christians and Muslims alike. Everything else is idolatry.
The images from Paris have moved us all. As publishers of a magazine devoted to debates, we believe that plurality and diversity are the hallmarks of a free and just society. We are devoted to the preservation of such a societal order. And as much as it needs respect, it will always include provocations that engender dialogue and discourse with those of other faiths. In a democracy, no power is unquestioned. Alexis de Tocqueville may have stated: "Only God can be all-powerful without danger". But he can't: Debate and discourse may never be inhibited by claims of supernatural legitimacy.


Emma Critchley presented her work at the International Seabird Group Conference in Edinburgh, last month. See Emma's abstract below.
Seabird surveys at sea can be costly and intensive work. On the other hand, predictive distribution models have the potential to allow a quick assessment of distributions on a large scale, and can help identify biodiversity hotspots for further investigation. This information is vital for conservation efforts as it will allow for more rapid risk assessment and inform allocation of marine protected areas.
Here we report on a predictive distribution model that uses a foraging radius approach, taking into account colony location and size, as well as species foraging behaviour. We generate predictive at-sea abundance and distribution maps for all Irish seabirds at a 1km square resolution, for both individual species and feeding guilds. Predictions are validated with tracking data for some key species.
Results show how the importance of specific regions varies dramatically for different species and guilds. South west Ireland is highlighted as particularly important in terms of breeding seabird biodiversity, with abundances of up to 40 individuals/km2 offshore.
An open-access online GIS platform has been developed concurrently to enable stakeholders, including fossil fuel and renewable energy sectors, to identify, manage and mitigate potential at-risk hotspots where vulnerable species occur.


Helping Game Masters run the best game they can.
I am a gamer geek. I began playing Dungeons and Dragons back in 1976, when I was 12. In all that time, I have learned a thing or two about being a game master. I have run games in basements and attics, conventions and classrooms, libraries and hotel lobbies.
I have been sharing some of my techniques and practices with other game masters on Twitter and at conferences. They often ask me to post my secrets on my blog. So here we are, I'll be sharing all the information I've gained over decades of running role-playing games.
The two games I generally play are Dungeons and Dragon Edition 3.5 (and its twin, Pathfinder), and Traveller, a science-fiction, stellar-empire role-playing game that was big in its time but which hardly anyone ever hears about anymore. Most of my advice is written with those games in mind.
Like all hobbies, there is no such thing as the final word in running a role-playing game. If you have a better way of doing things, or find some flaw in what I do, please feel free to post a comment. I'm also here to answer questions, to the best of my ability.


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Within the Vampirism as defined by the Black Veils there are two primary paradigms: the Dayside (mundane world) and Nightside (vampire world.) This concept was created by the Temple of the Vampire (TOV) originally and has been adopted over the years by the majority of the Vampire Community (VC) as standard lingo.
The Dayside is the objective reality of the mundane and profane world as experienced by the five senses. Here science, rationality, reason and logic are the prime rule. In the interpretation of the Black Veils, in order to have a strong foundation in the Dayside one must master several global life dynamics, including focus on the Self, Creativity, Social Programming, Wellness, Solvency, Preservation, and Perpetuity. Such dynamics cover the fundamental basics of mundane life like making money, handling taxes, physical and psychological health, social skills, street smarts, personal financial management, etc. The ultimate goal of the dayside is to focus on mastery of optimizing this "Mortal Coil" (the incarnation or life from birth to death.) When referring to "dayside family" one within the Black Veils perspective is referencing birth / blood family.
The Nightside is the subjective and subtle reality beyond the five senses and mundane world. This is the "Vampire World" which a vampire can assume their true personality and awaken to their true nature free of mundane chains. Most Vampires enter the most basic levels of the Nightside ritualistically by changing their style of dress, choosing a "Nightside/Vampire Name," and keeping a balance so their Dayside is kept separate. However some Vampires seek more and venture further beyond the basics into the deeper meanings of magic, spirituality, esotericism, the paranormal, and supernatural. Elements of this paradigm include: spirits, magic, dreams, occult, ritual, sorcery, subtle reality, aura, reincarnation, chakras, and energy work. In order to master this perspective one must have a solid dayside foundation in order to objectively gauge results and not get lost into the fantasy of the Vampire Mythos. The Nightside Family is the spiritual or "Vampire Family" and is where an individual's connection is through spiritual and philosophical means over physical ones. Most Vampires only slightly touch into the Nightside realm through basic feeding and energy work techniques, though truly advanced Vampires move much deeper into this paradigm through various forms of initiation and ascension.
It is wise to keep the Nightside and Dayside balanced in a strong equilibrium, this balance is known as Twilight. Please note this terminology is not affiliated with the book and film franchise Twilight and has been within the Vampire Community much longer.


text:
CRUSH MUSIC
Headquartered in New York City and Los Angeles, CRUSH MUSIC is a full service music company run by two former musicians, Jonathan Daniel and Bob McLynn. Founded in 2002, CRUSH guides the careers of global superstars like Sia, Lorde, Miley Cyrus, Green Day, Fall Out Boy, Train, Weezer, Panic! At The Disco and others.
CRUSH MUSIC also has a joint venture deal with Atlantic Records which has released Weezer's last four albums including their recent massive Black and Teal albums, Train's Does Led Zeppelin, and Sia's first-ever holiday album, Everyday is Christmas.
AudioShake is the best technology I've ever used for extracting stems from a master recording. My team and I use it whenever we're in a pinch. It's a total game changer.
– Evan Taubenfeld, Head of A&R, CRUSH MUSIC
How does Crush Music use AudioShake technology?
As managers of some of today's biggest artists, Crush and its music industry partners often run into the problem of missing stems--an audio engineer's hard drive might crash, or an artist may make an impromptu live recording and then needs the stems months or years later. Working in partnership with its artists and various rightsholders, Crush has used AudioShake on numerous occasions to help deliver stems for several sync and other creative projects that are now underway.
Green Day Recreates Its Masters
One of Crush's artists is the pop punk band Green Day. The masters for the band's iconic album, Kerplunk (1991) are long lost, so to celebrate the album's 30th anniversary, they used AudioShake to pull apart the stems to their song, "2000 Light Years Away." They then used TikTok to share the vocals, drums, and bass stems, with lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong playing along live to the guitar. Fans could then play the guitar part as Billie did, getting a chance to play along with the band.
@greenday
🚨Calling all guitar players🚨 This audio doesn't have guitar- use it to record yourself shredding along to 2000 Light Years Away!! 🤘🏼
♬ original sound - Green Day

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Which IIT will conduct the JAM Exam in 2019?
How should I prepare for JAM physics in 4 months?
Which is the best coaching institute for IIT in Kota?
I have done BSc, am I eligible for appearing in IIT JAM??
I think IIT Delhi will conduct JAM Exam in 2019.
IIT JAM Exam is one of the toughest exams conducted in India. So, prepare yourself well for the exam.
IIT JAM 2019 Exam will be conducted in the month of February 2019. So, those who are planning to take JAM Exam have enough time for their preparation.
IIT JAM Exam is conducted in 7 subjects. But a candidate can take the exam for maximum of two subjects.
IIT JAM Exam is conducted in two sessions. So, if you want to give JAM Exam for two subjects, then you must make sure they will be conducted in different sessions.
2019 data is not come now it will come after 2018 exam for more You can visit on official website of IIT.
I think IIT delhi Will conduct JEE in 2019.
Know the important topics and cover first.
Solve previous papers and mock test papers.
Try to solve mathematical calculation orally.
Increase your speed to cover the complete IIT JAM Physics paper on time.
Take complete rest and eat healthy.
How will I prepare for IIT JAM Exam which will be on 11th February 2018?


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I was planning on doing a thorough Europe Trip post yesterday (okay, two days ago. This was written last night. Remember that for the remainder of this post.), but I was suddenly delibitated by some nasty and uncategorizeable (by my nonexistant standards, anyway) sickness that not only kept me away from the internet, but away from the British museum and my last day in beautiful, sunny London as well, so DAMN IT ALL but that's just another excuse to go back.
Stopped by Harrod's really quickly after srttling in to our hotel; the pound is frighteningly strong right now (or, rather, the dollar is pathetically weak), and so we were there more to browse the pretty Egyptian architecture than anything. The meat section was especially entertaining, as who can say no to what seem to be skinned and frozen vignettes of Under The Sea?
Ah, yes. Everything is better down where it's wetter. I did pick up some new Horrible Histories books, which I've been pining for- they just came out with some full-colour guides to Pirates and Warriors, and so I couldn't resist. If you haven't heard of them, then check them out- they're gruesome little children's books about different cultures and periods in history, and I've loved them since I was pretty tiny. Anyway, back to photos, here's mom and dad sailing away on a tiny pirate ship, somewhat appropriately.
Didn't have as much time in London as I would have wanted (when is it ever enough?), but we did get to spend most of it with Yana, an old friend of my mum's who writes and illustrated children's books. She rocks.
MEANWHILE, BACK IN THE NETHERLANDS, My dad and I were explaining to mom how to kick down the exposure on her fancy new camera, and so my mom and I stared each other down for a test shot.
And then my dad was a bit TOTALLY OBLIVIOUS to the sign next to him pointing out that he was in the quiet car, but he felt bad and made a pretty cool face, so good for him.
OKAY, I'll post more stuff laters.


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text:
Ceramics Fairs and Markets in the UK
Pottery Tips
By Sara D'Souza
Don't miss Yuta Segawa's miniatures at the Ceramics in the City exhibition. Geffrye Museum
The ceramics scene in the UK has never been stronger, here's our pick of the best exhibitions across the country if you're traveling there this year.
Handmade in Britain – Kew, London
Handmade in Britain are a brilliant organization that will be hosting their successful Handmade at Kew: The International Contemporary Craft Event. Taking place from 6th to 9th October at Kew's Royal Botanic Gardens over 150 international makers will be exhibiting their wares. Some of the stalls will be set up in Decimus Burton's iconic glasshouses and your ticket will gain you entry to the exhibitions and the gardens. Amongst the exhibitors will be the talented Martin Pearce and Pina Lavelli's structural forms. It's not just Kew that Handmade in Britain will be holding exhibitions at either. From 28th to 30th October, Handmade will be showing in Scotland at Edinburgh's The Hub, showing ceramicists work from across the world. Later on, in the year from 11th to 13th November Handmade in Britain will be holding their annual celebration of contemporary crafts at London's Chelsea Town Hall. The show will have over 120 exhibitors selling their work.
Bedruthan Steps – Cornwall
China clay has been mined in Cornwall for over 250 years and the Royal Geographical Society say the British county has the largest deposits of clay in the world. It's not surprising that Cornwall has a huge amount of excellent potters and ceramicists. Come and see their wares over at the Bedruthan Steps Hotel Christmas Market. Located near Newquay in North Cornwall, the fair will be set across three floors of the hotel, with spectacular views out to sea and Mawgan Porth beach. There'll be over 50 stalls including homemade ceramics, local produce, and textiles. The event will take place on the 26th and 27th of November.
World of Wedgewood – Stoke-on-Trent
One of the most famous potteries in the UK the World of Wedgwood has got brilliant events running throughout the year from the IN: SHAPE exhibition, which is on until August 7th and located right opposite the UNESCO protected Wedgewood Museum to the Discover Wedgewood Bronze tours. When you're there you'll also get the opportunity to take one of their fantastic factory tours, where you can see the craftsmen at work, using techniques they have been perfecting for 250 years. On the tour, you'll get to see many different types of ceramic production from casting to gilding. The tours take roughly an hour. Note that the factory tour will be closed from 29th August to 2nd September. They also have a famous tea room serving a traditional afternoon tea on fine Wedgewood china.
Ceramics in the City – Hoxton, London
Now in its 14th year, the Geffrye Museum will be hosting their annual Ceramics in the City pottery fair. Set in an 18th-century almshouse in east London's Hoxton, the Geffrye Museum is a wonderful insight into exploring homes from the 1600s to today and looking at home life through the centuries. Ceramics in the City is taking place from 17th – 25th September 2016 as part of the London Design Festival with over 50 exhibitors including Ruth King, Ben Davies, Karen Bunting, Anna Whitehouse and more. Don't miss Yuta Segawa's miniatures. You can even take part yourself with the opportunity to paint a ceramic hanging decoration on Saturday 24th September from 2:30 – 4:30 pm.
Arts in Action
This year Arts in Action are celebrating 40 years of their July fair, which has seen visitor numbers grow from 14, 000 in its first year to over 25, 000. The event will run from 14th to 17th July in Waterperry Gardens in Oxfordshire and see over 400 musicians, potters, painters and sculptors taking part. There's plenty of workshops for you to roll up your sleeves and get involved in, from hand building for all ages to slab building abstract vessels. For more intense tuition a series of ceramics teachers will be taking you through an in-depth round of pottery throwing.
Preparing Your Space for Working With Clay
How to Find or Create a Small Pottery Studio
Packing Pottery and Ceramics for Safe Shipping
Guide to Creating Pottery With Clay
How to Use a Press Mold to Make Pottery
Clay Body Problems and Defects
How to Dry Pottery and Clay Objects
How to Use Paper Clay
Where to Look for Pottery Classes
Fluxes for Ceramics and Glaze
The Basics of Using a Kiln Safely
How to Choose the Right Clay for You
Buying a Potter's Wheel
How to Use Local Clays in Your Pottery
Techniques for Using Wax Resist and Emulsions in Pottery
Differences Between British and American English Crochet Pattern Terms


text:
Q: How can I update one element from a flask app on a button click? In my app.py I have a list of strings, eg:
list = ['item 1', 'item 2', 'item 3']

I would like to be able to be shown a string at random and display it on a page after clicking a 'refresh' button, but each item should only be shown once. ie. once the items have all been shown in random order I can show a message 'finished'.
I have looked into refreshing the page (shown below) but this means the items can appear one after the other and I can always keep refreshing. This is my work-in-progress code at the moment, but I feel as if it's not close to what I want.
items_list = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

@app.route("/items", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def items():
    item = random.choice(items_list)

    if request.method == "POST":
        return render_template("scales.html", item=item)

    else:
        return render_template("scales.html")

items.html:

{{ item }}

    <form action="/items" method="post">
        <button onClick="window.location.reload();" type="button">Refresh</button>
    </form>

Perhaps I could do this with AJAX? But would I need a database?
Or something along the lines of app.jinja_env.globals.update()
At a bit of a loss and any suggestions or pointers in the right direction would be much appreciated thanks.

A: You could use Ajax or Websockets to display your result. However it also works the "normal" way you have implemented it.
You should declare your button as a submit button to trigger the POST event. This will route you to the items() endpoint.
<form action="/items" method="post">
    <button type="submit" type="button">Refresh</button>
</form>

To make sure each item will get shown only once you need to remove it from your list.
@app.route("/items", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def items():
    item = random.choice(items_list)
    items_list.remove(item)

But then you should also think about what to do if no item is left anymore.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Star Wars theory: A new book will reveal the Jedi legacy of Rey's yellow lightsaber
What might the upcoming High Republic tell us about Rey's lightsaber?
Mae Abdulbaki
When Rey's new lightsaber color was revealed at the end of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, fans wondered what it might reveal about her future. While the sequel trilogy never fully explained the reason for the cool new blade, multi-colored lightsabers aren't new to the canon, a new theory suggests Lucasfilm's upcoming High Republic publishing initiative will finally explain the significance behind Rey's lightsaber.
Warning! Speculative spoilers ahead for Star Wars: The High Republic.
At the very end of Rise of Skywalker, Rey buried Luke and Leia's lightsabers on Tatooine before brandishing her very own new yellow blade. While it was confirmation that Rey wasn't sticking with a hand-me-down saber, the color confused many fans.
Reddit user cbfw86 argues the yellow lightsaber's meaning will connect directly with the High Republic story initiative. The teaser images and trailer for the project offered our first look at a bunch of new characters, all of whom lived two hundred years before the Galactic Civil War took place. Several of them are holding — you guessed it — yellow lightsabers. But, what does it all mean?
The High Republic has a lot of yellow lightsabers. Lucasfilm
The theorist says the Jedi stopped using yellow sabers as the Force grew more imbalanced over time. In fact, the decline of Jedi power may have begun during the time period the stories of High Republic will take place. The trailer did tease a Great Disaster, after all. Rey's yellow lightsaber might mean that she's finally brought balance to the Force and reestablished the power of the Jedi once more.
Given that we're already seeing yellow blades in the promotional materials for High Republic, it's likely the series will expand on the meaning behind the color. After all, Rey did hear the voices of the various Jedi before taking down Emperor Palpatine, so it's not a stretch to believe the yellow color signifies peace within the Force.
Even more yellow lightsabers. What does it all mean? Lucasfilm
The Clone Wars established that yellow lightsabers were used by Jedi Temple Guards, aka knights committed to the Jedi Order. Meanwhile, the Legends canon game Knights of the Old Republic also introduced the idea that lightsaber colors have varying meanings, and reflected one's personality and rank within the Jedi Order. In that game, a yellow lightsaber indicated a Jedi was dedicated to scholarship and combat.
However, yellow lightsabers were extremely rare and all but disappeared following the decline of the Jedi Order. While it's unclear what context The High Republic will bring regarding yellow lightsabers, it's possible that the project will at least reestablish the rules behind each lightsaber color once and for all.
The Rise of Skywalker is in theaters now.


When you look at some all in one themes, quite often you'll see a main demo example that shows everything the theme is capable of and then a bunch of other demos for different kinds of sites which all look fairly generic and similar. That's not the case with The Core at all. When you take a look at the example websites you can build with The Core you'll see over 20 demos of websites that are each perfectly designed.
As you would expect for an all in one WordPress theme, The Core has lots of features. You'll get a page builder, a demo content importer, multiple slider options, different color schemes to choose from, lots of layout options, typography options, a mega menu option and more.
The page builder included in the Core WordPres theme is the Unyson page builder. This is a popular and well made drag and drop page builder which allows you to create different layouts. You can set up your columns and insert all kinds of elements such as icons, contact forms, buttons, accordions, testimonials and more.
The Unyson page builder does not have the same quality as other page builders such as the Divi page builder or Visual Composer but even so, it allows you to create all kinds of impressive elements and gets the job done.
The Core has a good range of page templates bundled into the theme. The templates provide ready made layouts in a variety of formats for blog posts, portfolio pages and other important pages such as the about us page.
One nice feature that you don't often see in a WordPress theme is the backup module that is included in The Core. The can set up a backup schedule from within the theme and once set up, backups of your website will happen automatically. Great idea!
Whilst the page builder allows you to change plenty of things at a page level, there are also options provided to change other important site-wide options such as typography, colors and general layout options.
These options are provided in a custom options panel. It is easy to use and works well enough but I'd much rather see these options provided in the WordPress customizer which is the recommended way to provide options like this.
The customizer is used for a few options but it would be great to see all the site-wide options there so you don't need to go looking at multiple options panels. Using the customizer would also mean that you could see any changes happen in real time, without the need to save, switch tabs and refresh. It also means keeping the code base cleaner and not bundling in extra frameworks that are not needed.
Themefuse have great support which is often needed for all in one themes due to the sheer amount of options you'll need to go through. Not only do you get live chat, email and support ticket options but you will also have access to lots of documentation and video tutorials.
The Core is currently my favourite all in one theme. Although I always recommend buying simple, specialised themes, there is no denying that The Core is great value for money and a very well made theme. Currently, it is selling for only $49. It's a steal at this price. Actually, it would be a steal at twice the price considering you get 20 high quality themes within The Core, so I'd recommend getting yourself a copy now.


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Solly Moeng: Here's how auditors can help rebuild SA
Irrespective of who wins the 2019 elections, South Africa will still have a lot of work to do in the months - and even years - ahead.
This will be in order to regain its lost reputational confidence; to begin speaking in one voice and removing doubt where there are lingering questions about economic and political policy direction, among other things.
Many of these lingering questions being asked by people at home and around the world take away much-needed attention from interventions that actually do work.
It is therefore a crucial investment in the country's wellbeing to rebuild its brand and reputation.
Moreover, going by much of the discourse on various digital media platforms, including social media, there are still too many South Africans who seem to underestimate both the opportunity cost of what the country has lost over the past decade, on one hand; and, on the other hand, the seriousness of the task that lies ahead for us to rebuild.
Many discussions seem superficial and too focused on basic bread-and-butter issues. This is, of course, understandable in a country with massive unemployment and poverty levels, as well as a big, stubborn chasm between the relatively few rich and the majority poor.
Beyond the obvious
But our analysis of how we got here, and our journey towards a truly inclusive economy, must go deeper than the obvious.
By their very nature, country brands are complex. They're shaped not by one thing alone, but by developments in politics, business, and in society, all of which form an intricate network of image influencers that can make or break reputations that have taken years to build.
A major factor in South Africa's reputation has been the role played by the audit industry, which has a crucial function in the credibility of multiple sectors.
Like the country's banking industry, which has for many years been praised for being strong and resilient - especially after it withstood the ravages that damaged banking systems in other parts of the world during the global economic meltdown of the late 2000s - South Africa's audit profession was for many years considered to be professional, reliable, ethical, and globally competitive.
At least, this was the case until the recent state capture economy took hold. Stories came out about relationships with clients that compromised several hitherto strong audit brands and that led to uncomfortable questions about what was really occurring in that sector.
Fund managers and investors looking at South Africa from elsewhere must also have begun to ask questions about South African audit practices that they did not typically ask before.
The credibility of the audit industry has a far-reaching impact. For the country's long-term economic well-being, it must be restored.
Lingering questions
Does the appetite to gain and retain clients at any cost still sit above considerations for general public interest?
If they don't yet, should auditors learn to muster the gentle art of saying no and of walking away when lucrative clients ask them for help to do wrong or to look away from it, in exchange for contractual longevity?
What does the South African audit profession think about the need for rotation and, crucially, the separation of audit services from consulting services? What lessons have audit practitioners learned during the recent state capture economy?
READ: KPMG says it is on renewal path after series of audit scandals
Importantly, can the Independent Regulatory Board for Auditors (IRBA), whose mission is to "protect the financial interests of the South African public and international investors in South Africa through the effective regulation of audits conducted by registered auditors, in accordance with internationally recognised standards" be trusted to be an unshakeable buffer between public and investor interests one hand and, on the other hand, the business of audit firms, and now consulting firms?
In his keynote address at the 2019 Brand Summit South Africa, to be hosted on 6-7 June in Johannesburg, South Africa's respected Auditor-General, Kimi Makwetu, will address the importance of values-driven and ethical leadership in managing public funds, as well as the role of the auditing profession in shaping the domestic and global image of South Africa.
There is a need for this profession and others to open up to a level of public scrutiny and to tell South Africans, who are still paying the massive opportunity cost of state capture, about what plans are being put in place so that auditors will never again be used by others to act against the interests of South Africa.
KPMG, which was one of the most visibly affected firms, has been leading the way in this journey to reputational recovery, but the road ahead for the entire profession is still a long one.
When the audit profession finally gets it right, South Africa will be in a position to claim that it is on a credible recovery journey.
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Ceskoslovenský vlciak (från slovakiska: československý vlčiak, uttal: /ˈtʃeskoslovenski: ˈvltʃɪak/, "tjeckoslovakisk varghund") är en relativt ny hundras från forna Tjeckoslovakien. Slovakien räknas som ursprungsland, d.v.s. det är den slovakiska kennelklubben som innehar avelsansvaret.

Historia
År 1955 inleddes ett statligt genetiskt experiment där man korsade karpatiska vargar av båda könen med tyska schäferhundar. Syftet var att studera hur egenskaper från varg och tamhund nedärvdes från generation till generation. En plan utarbetades för att skapa en ras som skulle ha schäferns temperament, flockinstinkt och inlärningsförmåga, och den karpatiska vargens styrka, kroppsbyggnad och uthållighet. Hundarna användes av den tjeckoslovakiska gränsvakten vid järnridån. Efter att försöket avslutades 1965 påbörjades arbetet med att avla fram en homogen hundras. Vägledande för aveln var att utveckla bruksegenskaperna.

År 1982 blev ceskoslovenský vlciak erkänd som ras i Tjeckoslovakien. 1999 blev rasen sedan godkänd av Internationella hundorganisationen (FCI) med Slovakien som ansvarigt för rasstandarden.

Egenskaper
Ceskoslovenský vlciak är mer mångsidig än specialiserad. Den är snabb, livlig, mycket aktiv och modig. Till skillnad från saarloos wolfhond är blyghet ett diskvalificerande fel hos ceskoslovenský vlciak. Ceskoslovenský vlciak utvecklar en mycket stark social relation - inte bara med sin ägare, utan hela familjen. Den kan lätt lära sig leva med andra husdjur som hör till familjen, dock kan svårigheter uppstå i möten med främmande djur. Det är viktigt att dämpa passionen för jakt hos ceskoslovenský vlciak redan när den är valp för att undvika aggressivt beteende mot mindre djur som vuxen. Tikar av rasen tenderar att vara lättare att kontrollera, men båda könen upplever ofta stormiga tonår.

Ceskoslovenský vlciak är mycket lekfull och temperamentsfull. Den lär sig snabbt, men träningen måste vara motiverande. Dessa hundar har beundransvärda sinnen och är väldigt bra på att följa spår. De är väldigt självständiga och kan samarbeta i flock med en speciell målmedvetenhet. Vid behov kan de enkelt ändra sin aktivitet till nattetid. Ibland kan problem uppstå under träningen när skall krävs. Ceskoslovenský vlciak har ett mycket bredare spektrum av sätt att uttrycka sig på, och skällande är onaturligt för dem; de försöker kommunicera med sin ägare på andra sätt (främst genom kroppsspråk men även genom att använda tysta ljud som att morra, grymta och gnälla). I allmänhet tar det längre tid att lära en ceskoslovenský vlciak saker än att lära en traditionell specialiserad ras. Ceskoslovenský vlciak har blivit framgångsrikt använd som sök- och räddningshund i Italien.

Utseende

Både kroppsbyggnaden och pälsen hos ceskoslovenský vlciak påminner om en varg. Mankhöjden är minst 65 centimeter hos en hanhund och minst 60 centimeter hos en tik. Kroppen är rektangulär, och förhållandet mellan höjd och längd är 9:10 eller mindre. Hanhundarna väger cirka 26 kilogram och tikarna 20 kilogram. Dess karakteristiska egenskaper är sneda, bärnstensfärgade ögon och korta, triangelformade öron som är upprättstående. Den har 42 mycket starka tänder; både saxbett och tångbett är accepterade. Ryggraden är rak, stark i rörelse. Ryggen är kort och något sluttande. Bröstkorgen är stor, platt snarare än tunnformad. Magen är stark och indragen. Svansen är högt placerad. Frambenen är raka och smala, med tassarna lite utvända. Bakbenen är muskulösa. Pälsfärgen är från gulgrå till silvergrå, med en lätt mask. Pälsen är rak, tät och väldigt tjock. Rasens rörelse är lätt och harmonisk, och stegen långa.

Referenser

Kommentarer

Källnoter

Källor
 Renée Willes: All världens hundraser, Bromma 2003,
 Carl-Johan Adlercreutz: Hundar i världen, Västerås 2006,
 Desmond Morris: Dogs, North Pomfret, Vermont 2008,

Externa länkar

Vall-, boskaps- och herdehundar
Hundraser från Slovakien
Däggdjurshybrider

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Gallup Says Most Americans Support NRA, Despite Scrutiny After Recent Shooting
By Laura Wagner
Published October 22, 2015 at 5:16 PM CDT
Harrison McClary
Reuters /Landov
Attendees visit the trade booths during the National Rifle Association's annual meeting in Nashville, Tenn., in April.
According to a Gallup survey released Thursday, 58 percent of Americans view the National Rifle Association favorably, despite a mass shooting in Oregon this month that prompted criticism of the gun lobby and strong words from the president.
The early October mass shooting at a community college in Oregon prompted the same soul-searching questions about gun control that follow every mass shooting in America. It also prompted a harsh rebuke from President Obama about the need for tighter gun control measures.
Obama condemned the fact that mass shootings had become routine in the U.S. and though he didn't refer to the NRA by name, he preemptively addressed the arguments made by the pro-gun group:
"And what's become routine, of course, is the response of those who oppose any kind of common-sense gun legislation. Right now, I can imagine the press releases being cranked out: We need more guns, they'll argue. Fewer gun safety laws. Does anybody really believe that? There are scores of responsible gun owners in this country --they know that's not true."
According to Gallup, the survey released Thursday included "the highest recording of 'very favorable' opinions (26%) since Gallup began asking this question in 1989."
The study also suggests that favorability of the NRA may have some correlation with instances of gun violence.
"In December 2012, soon after the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut, 54% of Americans had a favorable impression of the NRA. The highest percentage in Gallup's 26-year trend was in 2005, when 60% of Americans viewed the organization favorably."
Another Gallup poll published this week showed that 56 percent say more concealed weapons would make the country safer, a finding that lines up with support for the NRA. However, there is a divide along political party lines:
"Among key subgroups, Democrats and those with postgraduate education are least likely to believe that more concealed weapons would make the U.S. safer. Republicans and gun owners are most likely to say it would make the nation safer."
But interestingly, a third Gallup poll that also came out this week showed that 55 percent of Americans say laws on gun sales should be stricter than they are now.
The percentage of people who favor stricter gun laws increased sharply from last year, jumping 8 percentage points. The study also said that 43 percent of people in the U.S. have a gun in their house or on their property.
See stories by Laura Wagner


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Troy Laundry Building may refer to:

 Troy Laundry Building (Portland, Oregon)
 Troy Laundry Building (Seattle)


This multiple-case study examined how advanced learners solved a complex problem, focusing on how their frequency and application of cognitive processes contributed to differences in performance outcomes, and developing a mental model of a problem. Fifteen graduate students with backgrounds related to the problem context participated in the study. Data sources included direct observation of solution operations, participants' think aloud and stimulated recalls as they solved the problem, as well as solution scores indicating how well each participant solved the problem. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze stimulated recall and think aloud data. A set of thirteen cognitive processes emerged in the coding and were tallied for each participant. Individual cases were then grouped into clusters that shared similar frequencies of prior knowledge activation, performance outcomes, and tool use behaviors. Each cluster was profiled from least to most successful with descriptive accounts of each cluster's approach to solving the problem. A cross cluster analysis indicated how learners' cognitive processes corresponded with problem solving operations that revealed thresholds of knowledge development and formed an integrated mental model of the problem. The findings suggested that mastering problem solving operations within each threshold enhanced the learners' conceptual awareness of where to apply cognitive processes and increased the combinations of cognitive processes they activated at higher thresholds of knowledge development. The findings have implications for anticipating where novices need support within each threshold of knowledge development during complex problem solving.
Bogard, T., Liu, M. & Chiang, Y.h.V. (2013). Thresholds of Knowledge Development in Complex Problem Solving: A Multiple-Case Study of Advanced Learners' Cognitive Processes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61 (3), 465-503. Retrieved April 24, 2019 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/167847/.


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vintage tea part 2
this is very old hollywood gossip from geocities (so sue them not moi,lol)
source: geocities.com/mnussitch/gossip.html
Capote, Truman. Gay (duh). Drunk. Rumored to have ghost-written To Kill A Mockingbird for Harper Lee. Linked with Humphrey Bogart (possibly), Errol Flynn, John Huston, and Tyrone Power.
Carey, Drew. Victim of sexual abuse when a child. Picks the wrong women to fall for, poor guy. Enjoys being humiliated in bed. "Super nice guy."
Carey, Mariah. A certain problem with faithfulness and hygiene. Her early career was funded by her sister's prostitution. Very difficult to work with, and very unpleasant to fans. (Although, as is par for the course here, I've received some e-mails contradicting this). "Has a staff member remove her tampons during concerts". :-/ Has breast implants. Linked to P. Diddy, Vin Diesel, Matt Dillon, Eminem, Grant Hill, Derek Jeter, and record company exec Tommy Mottola, who she used to get a record contract.
Carson, Johnny. Jury is still out on whether he is a manipulative, cold, creepy jerk, or simply a clueless and stupid innocent who was overly-well-protected by his handlers. Wife-beater. Hires working girls to sit on his lap and call him "Daddie." Denies the existence of his biracial granddaughter. Alcoholic. Linked with Ann-Margaret, Angie Dickinson, Morgan Fairchild, Sally Field, and Mamie Van Doren.
Carter, Helena Bonham. "Dresses like an old homeless woman and has the worst breath you've ever smelled." awwww :-( "Whines when male co-stars don't make passes at her." Home-wrecker (with the husbands' help, of course). Broke up Kenneth Branagh's marriage to Emma Thompson, broke up Tim Burton's marriage, and was also linked with Steve Martin.
Chandler, Jeff. Crossdresser.
Chaplin, Charlie. Had a taste for young women; was the inspiration for Humbert Humbert in Lolita. "Notoriously oversized." Linked with Louise Brooks, Marion Davies, Paulette Goddard, Hedy Lamarr, Pola Negri, and Lupe Velez.
Chiklis, Michael. "Contrary to what you may have heard, is extremely friendly and personable; still genuinely surprised by his recent success; swears a lot; very magnetic in person too." i concur
Clark, Arthur C. Pedophile (hey, I don't believe it, either, but that's the rumor).
Clift, Montgomery. Called "Pink Princess Tiny Meat" due to his underendowment. Closet queen. Drunkard. Linked with James Dean and Elizabeth Taylor.
Clinton, Bill. Corrupt gladhanding weasel. (Likable in person.) Horn-dog; reportedly nailed Sharon Stone on election evening. Rumored to have slept with Markie Post and Babs Streisand (while Hillary was visiting her ailing father, no less!). Merkin for Hillary Clinton. Underendowed. Rapist. Reportedly very good at oral sex. Also linked with Elizabeth Gracen, Elizabeth Hurley, Chaka Khan (!), Heidi Klum, and Demi Moore.
Clooney, George. Reportedly a nice guy. Slut. Possibly swinging for both fences. Like lumberjacks, likes to try on women's clothes. May have a serious gambling problem. Linked with Lucy Liu, Ginger Lynn, Kelly Preston, Julia Roberts, Winona Ryder, Charlize Theron, and Renee Zellweger. ginger lynn was so fug yet every male 1980s actor "dated" her.super bizarre
Colbert, Claudette. Bisexual. Linked with Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich, and Edith Head.
Coleman, Gary. Admitted virgin at age 30. Selling dates with himself over the Internet. :-( Freak.
Collins, Joan. Doxy who is not aging well. Alcoholic. Reportedly was a hooker when she first arrived in Hollywood. Linked with, oh, just about everyone, including Warren Beatty, Harry Belafonte, Marlon Brando, Sydney (son of Charlie) Chaplin, Robert Evans, Dennis Hopper, Anthony Newley, Ryan O'Neal, Terence Stamp, and Robert Wagner.
Connery, Sean. Arrogant and self-satisfied sexist. Abuser of women. Wears a toupee. Notorious tightwad. Requires a penis pump to function with women. Hostile to fans. Posed nude before being Bond; the man who took the photos, George Lynnes, often had affairs with his subjects. Linked with Ursula Andress, Brigitte Bardot, Kim Basinger, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Gena Rowlands, Lana Turner, Shelley Winters, Lana Wood, and Catherine Zeta-Jones, who impressed him with her oral skills.
Connick Jr, Harry. Punk, albeit a talented one. ("Extremely giving and appreciative of his fans," according to one e-mailer). Hung, and ought to be. (Yes, I know things are "hung" and people are "hanged"). Workers and security guards at his concerts are (or at least were) instructed not to look at him at any time before, during, or after one of his concerts. Married to Jill Goodacre. Linked with Debra Messing.
Conrad, Robert. "A complete bottom, but his catholicism makes him completely whacky about it, and often he used to beat up the guys he had sex with. he enjoyed being spanked on that famous butt of his."
Copperfield, David. Vain and preening jerk. Hair-fetishist. Linked with Claudia Schiffer, although reportedly she only goes out with him because he pays her a lot of money. Also rumored to have a huge collection of gay porn, and possibly be a FOD. fod=gay Vile personal habits.
Corgan, Billy. "Unpleasant, egomaniacal jerk; numerous enemies in the Chicago club scene, since he's always been the above." Beat his girlfriend in high school. Linked with Courtney Love (while Kurt Cobain was still alive).
Cornwell, Patricia. L______. Stalked/stalks Jodie Foster; seems to be quite unstable. While researching a book, got involved with an FBI agent; said agent's husband then tried to kill Cornwell. Has stolen at least one story idea & plot. Linked with Diane Sawyer.
Cosby, Bill. Rumored to touch children's private parts off the set of his shows. Several stories about him being rude to his fans. Rumors abound about his disliking white women. lol Unfaithful to his wife.
Coulter, Ann. Alcoholic and habitual liar; if she says 2+2=4, doublecheck her figures. "Smokes, drinks, whores around."
Crane, Bob. Into S&M. Liked to pick up prostitutes and videotape his sex with them. Liked to hook up with actresses he was working with as well as bored housewives in places he was doing dinner theater.Bludgeoned to death by a shady businessman in a hotel room post-videotaping.
Crawford, Joan. "Slept with every male star at MGM except Lassie." "She was a mean, tipsy, powerful, rotten-egg lady." "'There is not enough money in Hollywood to lure me into making another picture with Joan Crawford. And I like money." Vain and unpleasant personality. Horrible to her children. Broke into Hollywood by starring in porn films. Abused by her parents. Alcoholic. Clean freak. Reportedly killed her husband. Linked with Dorothy Azner, Jean-Pierre Aumont, Yul Brynner, Jackie Cooper, Kirk Douglas, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr, Henry Fonda, Glenn Ford, Clark Gable, John Garfield, Jackie Gleason, Cary Grant, Edith Head, Rock Hudson, JFK, Robert Mitchum, Tyrone Power, Martha Raye, Barbara Stanwyck, Franchot Tone, Spencer Tracy, John Wayne, and Johnny Weissmuller.
Crosby, Bing. Unpleasant, cold personality. Treated family horribly and was physically abusive towards his children. Alcoholic. Swapped women (and possibly drag queens) with Milton Berle. Attended at least one orgy. Linked with Joan Bennett, Ingrid Bergman, Joan Blondell, Frances Farmer, Grace Kelly, and Mary Martin.
Crow, Sheryl. Drug addict. Difficult to work with. Broke up Ellen-and-Anne by nailing Anne, having Anne fall in love with her, and then tossing Anne aside. Also linked with Josh Charles, Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan (ewww!), Jakob Dylan, Kid Rock, and Owen Wilson.
Crowe, Russell. Reports are divided on whether is a straight-shooter or an egotistical roughneck. Drunkard. High school drop-out. Has had at least one three-way (with another man, no less); rumored to have been same-sex before he hit it big in Hollywood; rumored to be flirty to gay men until they respond, at which point he gets abusive. Shouts his own name in bed. omg! Rumored to have sold drugs as a teen. Rumored to have hit women in the past. Brawler who fights dirty, including biting his opponents. Linked with Jennifer Connelly, Jodie Foster, Heather Graham, Nicole Kidman, Courtney Love, Meg Ryan,Winona Ryder, and Sharon Stone.
Cruise, Tom. Oh, definitely not a Friend Of Dorothy. Why would you ever think such a thing? No, certainly not. And he definitely doesn't force his gay lovers to sign lengthy non-disclosure contracts before he gets involved with them; that's just a vile, untrue rumor started to bring shame on this quite emphatically heterosexual movie star. Certainly not someone who has and enjoys sex with lots of men. One would never hear Mr. Cruise described as "awkward and inarticulate" when speaking without a script, and certainly never hear him described as "vain, shallow, and pretentious." No, certainly not--the reverse is true of Mr. Cruise! $cientologist. Vain & arrogant. Never graduated from high school. Acted badly towards Nicole Kidman during their break-up, which was caused partially by his insistence on raising the kids $cientologist (she wanted them raised Catholic) and partially because of her pregnancy, which may have been his and may have been Ewan McGregor's. Broke up with Nicole via his representatives. (Cruise, you swine.) Linked with Patricia Arquette, Cher, Penelope Cruz, Rebecca De Mornay, Nelly Furtado, Anthony Hopkins, Nicole Kidman, Heather Locklear, Paul Newman, Lisa Marie Presley, and Mimi Rogers.
Culkin, Macaulay. Perhaps the quintessential Too Famous Too Soon child star. Messed up on drugs--somewhat understandable, given his father (as thorough an ogre as you're likely to run across outside of the Crosby household). Possibly molested by Michael Jackson. Very friendly in person, however. Linked with Mila Kunis (of That '70s Show).
Curtis, Tony. Abused by his mother. Recovering drug & alcohol addict. Linked with, oh, just about everybody including Janet Leigh, Marilyn Monroe, Mamie Van Doren, and the occasional man.
Labels: wtf


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John Strege is the author of five books, including WHEN WAR PLAYED THROUGH, which won the United States Golf Association's Herbert Warren Wind Book Award in 2005, and the bestselling TIGER: A Biography of Tiger Woods. He has covered golf for more than 30 years, and now writers for Golf Digest. He lives in San Diego with his wife, Marlene, and daughter, Hannah, in San Diego, California.
Former professional golfer Nathaniel Crosby introduces us to the Bing Crosby he and his family knew --- not the beloved singer who played golf, but a golfer who sang to pay his country club dues. Nathaniel shares exclusive stories about this American icon golfing, working and playing with some of the most famous people in history. At the book's heart is an intimate account of a father and a son --- how a mutual love of golf formed an exceptional emotional bond.


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Bulgarian President Radev vetoes Electoral Code amendments
Written by The Sofia Globe staff on September 28, 2020 in Bulgaria - Comments Off on Bulgarian President Radev vetoes Electoral Code amendments
Bulgarian President Roumen Radev said on September 28 that he had vetoed a number of provisions in the bill of amendments to the country's Electoral Code, approved by Parliament last week.
In a televised address, Radev accused the parties in the governing coalition of attempting to "guarantee a win by default in the coming elections, dealing yet another blow to the legal construction of the state."
In the veto motives, made public by the presidency, Radev argued that the provisions allowing both machine voting and casting paper ballots in the same electoral precinct would undermine the former and complicate the election process.
"Parallel voting in one precinct using ballots and machines is a significant source of complications during the voting process and counting votes. This combination removes the advantages of machine voting and enhances the disadvantages of the ballot vote, manual count and compiling voting protocols," according to Radev's veto motives.
He criticised Parliament, saying that it had failed to outline a detailed framework for how machine voting is to be carried out, but also for approving provisions meant to streamline voting results protocols.
The head of state also was critical of the timing of the bill, saying that amending the Electoral Code just months before the next parliamentary elections, due in spring 2021, was "incompatible with legal certainty and stability as an expression of the constitutional principle of the rule of law."
Bulgaria's constitution grants the head of state a limited power of veto, through enabling the President to return legislation to the National Assembly for further discussion. The National Assembly may overturn the President's veto through a simple majority vote or accept the veto and review the vetoed clauses.
Since taking office in January 2017, Radev made liberal use of this power, using it 24 times. This is also his second veto to Electoral Code amendments, after the one in February 2019.
Parliament overturned his veto in all but two cases, when the provisions in question were withdrawn. On several occasions, Radev has followed through with a Constitutional Court challenge, where he has been more successful in blocking legislation.
(Roumen Radev photo: president.bg)
Please support independent journalism by clicking on the orange button below. For as little as three euro a month or the equivalent in other currencies, you can support The Sofia Globe via patreon.com and get access to exclusive subscriber-only content:
Bulgarian President Radev decrees April 4 date for parliamentary elections
Exacta poll: Bulgarian PM Borissov has 60.7% disapproval rating, GERB 18.6% support
Bulgarian MPs overturn President's veto on VAT Act amendments
Bulgarian President Radev vetoes amendments to VAT Act
Covid-19 in Bulgaria: 61 more deaths, active cases drop by 5169


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Q: Can a username and password be hard-coded in a system DSN We have a legacy CRM that uses a DSN with Windows Authentication to connect to an instance of SQL Server 2005 (part of SBS 2003 Premium). We will soon be doing a major migration leaving us without a Windows Domain - as I understand things, that will mean we need to use an alternative authentication method. We are also planning to migrate from the SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server Express 2008 R2 in the same timeframe.
Unfortunately no modifications to the CRM are possible.
Leaving aside the obvious security issues, is it possible to hard-code a username and password in a system DSN? Alternatively is that another obvious approach to authentication that I am missing?
--EDIT
The DSN is defined in the ODBC Data Source Administrator in the "Administrative Tools" section of the Control Panel on the Windows clients.
--EDIT 2
I gave up trying to do this in the DSN thanks to Jonathan's answer. Fortunately I discovered an .ini file where I could insert a fixed username/password replacing the placeholders - problem solved.

A: A System DSN is stored in the registry and does not have the ability to store a password.  If you want to store the password, you'd have to use a File DSN and that would require changing the CRM to use the file DSN which you say is not possible.  Usually applications that use a System DSN, rely on SQL Server authentication of the users for their security.  When the application opens it should prompt the user to login, and this is the username and password that is used with the System DSN information to connect to the database server.  If the DSN uses Windows authentication and you are eliminating your Windows Domain, you are stuck.  You would have to change the CRM to make it work a different way.

A: DSNs vary by provider. I just hardcoded a password for a Microsoft Oracle ODBC for a System DSN. The situation: MS Access 2010 does not save password for Linked Table
\HKLM\Software\ODBC\ODBC.INI{name of DSN}\PWD
After edit, Access no longer prompted for a password when the data source was first accessed.

A: Using PowerShell like the following I was able to create a system DSN with stored credentials for a Sybase SQL Anywhere Database:
$PropertyValue = @"
ServerName=<ServerName>
Integrated=NO
Host=<HostName>
DatabaseName=<DatabaseName>
"@ -split "`r`n"

$Credential = Get-Credential

Add-OdbcDsn -Name <DSNName> -DriverName "SQL Anywhere 12" -SetPropertyValue $PropertyValue -Platform 32-bit -DsnType System
New-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\ODBC\ODBC.INI\<DSNName> -PropertyType String -Name UID -Value $Credential.UserName
New-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\ODBC\ODBC.INI\<DSNName> -PropertyType String -Name PWD -Value $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().password


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L'école néoclassique est une école de pensée économique dont la thèse centrale est que les marchés disposent de mécanismes autorégulateurs qui, en l'absence d'intervention extérieure, conduisent à l'optimum économique ; l'État n'a ainsi qu'un rôle très mineur à jouer dans le domaine économique. Fondée par les économistes marginalistes Léon Walras, William Stanley Jevons et Carl Menger à la fin du , elle a dominé la science économique jusqu'à l'avènement du keynésianisme amendé. L'école s'est ensuite en partie fondue dans la synthèse néoclassique, qui a synthétisé des pans de la théorie keynésienne avec des modèles néoclassiques.

L'expression de  est aussi le nom générique donné aux différentes écoles de pensées postérieures au néoclassicisme de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle. Le monétarisme de Milton Friedman et la nouvelle économie classique sont ainsi parfois qualifiées de néoclassiques.

Histoire

Émergence et premiers modèles
L'école classique a dominé la science économique depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle. La théorie des avantages comparatifs de David Ricardo, la loi des débouchés de Jean-Baptiste Say, la loi de la gravitation d'Adam Smith, ainsi que le postulat des rendements décroissants en forment le socle théorique. L'école classique semble toutefois dépassée à partir des années 1850, et déjà les écrits de John Stuart Mill semblent préfigurer une évolution marquée de l'école classique.

Dans les années 1870, des programmes de recherche commencés dans la décennie précédente se trouvent concrétisés dans des ouvrages majeurs, sortis à quelques années d'écart, sans coordination entre les auteurs. Carl Menger publie ses Principes d'économie en 1871, posant à la fois les bases de l'école néoclassique et de l'école autrichienne. La même année, William Stanley Jevons publie sa Théorie de l'économie politique. Enfin, en 1874, Léon Walras crée le socle théorique de la pensée néoclassique dans ses Éléments d'économie politique pure. Ces économistes apportent deux grandes nouveautés : l'individualisme méthodologique analyse le groupe en partant d'une analyse individuelle généralisée, et le marginalisme, qui permet de raisonner , c'est-à-dire d'observer l'effet de l'ajout d'une unité supplémentaire.

L'apport méthodologique premier des néoclassiques demeure la mathématisation de la réflexion économie. Le marginalisme exige des calculs précis ; les premiers néoclassiques ont souvent une formation de mathématicien. Cette dominante mathématique doit toutefois être nuancée chez certains auteurs, car Menger rejette l'usage des mathématiques pour se consacrer à la théorie.

Ces économistes rompent avec les classiques sur plusieurs points. Cela leur permet de s'affirmer comme une école indépendante, et non pas comme une simple continuation. La première rupture est au sujet de la valeur travail. Les néoclassiques remarquent que les biens se vendent à des prix élevés alors que la quantité de travail nécessaire pour les produire ne fait que diminuer grâce à l'automatisation: face aux classiques, les néoclassiques soutiennent dès lors que la valeur d'échange fixe le prix du bien.

Confirmation et renforcement
L'école néoclassique se renforce au tournant du XXe siècle. Des économistes de cette époque, tels qu'Alfred Marshall ou Arthur Cecil Pigou, utilisent les bases de leurs prédécesseurs néoclassiques pour repousser les limites de la connaissance économique.

C'est à partir de cette époque que ces nouveaux classiques obtiennent le nom de néoclassique, sous la plume de Thorstein Veblen (1900). Il désigne à l'origine les auteurs qui intègrent la révolution marginaliste, et inclut les économistes de l'école autrichienne (Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig von Mises, etc.) Les néoclassiques se caractérisent alors généralement par trois critères : un individualisme méthodologique (la théorie se base sur l'individu en tant qu'agent économique disposant d'un certain degré de rationalité) ; l'instrumentalisme méthodologique (le comportement est déterminé par les préférences des agents) ; enfin, la théorie est typiquement dirigée vers la recherche de l'équilibre.

À partir des années trente, et à la suite des travaux de John Hicks et de Paul Samuelson, des économistes néoclassiques vont incorporer leurs idées dans un cadre keynésien, et mélanger les apports des premiers avec ceux des secondes. La synthèse néoclassique (ou ) émerge et devient la nouvelle école dominante jusqu'aux années 1970. Le rapprochement entre keynésiens et néoclassiques conduit progressivement les économistes de l'école autrichienne à se considérer comme une école hétérodoxe hors de l'école néoclassique.

Postérité
Si l'école néoclassique se retrouve en partie fondue dans la synthèse néoclassique, certains auteurs se montrent plus réticents à accepter les conclusions keynésiennes, et continuent de développer leurs propres théories parallèlement. Ils font alors figure d'hétérodoxes. Leurs théories vont toutefois devenir de plus en plus populaires au sein de la profession économique, au fur et à mesure que la synthèse néoclassique montrera ses propres failles. Les néoclassiques inspirent notamment les néo-walrasiens, qui vont augmenter la théorie de l'équilibre général (Kenneth Arrow, Gérard Debreu). Ils fournissent également les bases d'une réflexion mêlant économie et science politique au sein de l'école des choix publics (James M. Buchanan, Gordon Tullock).

La plus importante postérité des néoclassiques se trouve toutefois au sein de deux écoles majeures de la pensée libérale du XXe siècle. Il s'agit, tout d'abord, des monétaristes, emmenés par Milton Friedman et Anna Schwartz ; ensuite, de la nouvelle économie classique, dont les membres les plus éminents sont Robert Lucas Jr, Finn E. Kydland et Edward C. Prescott. Dans le domaine de la sociologie, l'école de Chicago (George Stigler, Gary Becker) adopte une méthodologie inspirée des néoclassiques.

Certaines des idées des auteurs néoclassiques et de la postérité ont, avec le temps et par abus de langage, été appelés « néolibéraux », contribuant à la confusion idéologique entre le libéralisme économique, l'école néoclassique, et les successeurs de l'école néoclassique.

Fondements théoriques

Naturalisme
Les néoclassiques considèrent que les phénomènes économiques peuvent et doivent être étudiés à l'aide des mêmes méthodes que les phénomènes physiques. La science économique doit s'inspirer des sciences de la nature, comme la science physique, pour atteindre un degré d'exactitude similaire.

Cette volonté de rapprochement avec les sciences dites dures se traduit également par une plus stricte séparation entre ce qui relève de l'économie et ce qui relève de la morale, ou encore de l'éthique. Walras affirme ainsi vouloir construire une science qui ne traite pas de choix moraux, mais des faits tels qu'ils sont. Ce qui est alors appelé économie politique commence à être simplement appelé . Cette nouvelle économie, souvent appelée « économie pure », rompt avec la tradition économique et évacue les problèmes liés à la justice sociale pour les confier à la philosophie politique.

Rationalité des acteurs
Les agents sont considérés comme rationnels, calculateurs et maximisateurs. Leurs préférences peuvent être clairement identifiées et quantifiées. Ils cherchent à maximiser l'utilité ou la satisfaction des biens consommés, tandis que les entreprises cherchent à maximiser leur profit, et uniquement cela.

Selon la théorie du consommateur, l'individu adopte une attitude rationnelle visant à maximiser son utilité. À chaque dépense, il compare l'utilité marginale des biens afin de hiérarchiser ses préférences et s'oriente vers le plus utile. Cette étude de l'individu, comme producteur ou consommateur rationnel et autonome, rejoint le principe de l'individualisme méthodologique.

Société d'individus
Parce que les néoclassiques adoptent la perspective de l'individualisme méthodologique, ils pensent la société comme une agrégation d'individus et non comme une société de classes. Ils se distinguent ainsi des classiques, qui adoptaient une perspective basée sur une tripartition sociale entre les détenteurs du facteur travail, du facteur capital, et des ressources terriennes. Ainsi, les comportements individuels ne relèvent jamais d'une logique de classe.

Fonctionnement des marchés
Les néoclassiques fondent leur analyse sur l'hypothèse de la concurrence pure et parfaite. Les agents économiques agissent chacun indépendamment sur les marchés, et ce à partir d'une information complète et pertinente (condition de la transparence).

L'économie néoclassique met l'accent sur les situations d'équilibre, considérées comme les solutions aux problèmes de maximisation des agents. Les phénomènes généraux, collectifs, sont déterminés par l'agrégation des comportements individuels des agents, une position appelée individualisme méthodologique. Les institutions, dont on peut penser a priori qu'elles conditionnent les comportements individuels, ne reçoivent que peu d'attention.

Déterminant de la valeur
Les néoclassiques rompent avec l'école classique sur la question de la détermination de la valeur. Elle ne provient pas du travail nécessaire à la production du bien, mais sur l'utilité que le bien procure (la valeur que le consommateur lui attribue pour atteindre sa fin grâce à lui). Jevons se sépare ainsi radicalement de la théorie objective de la valeur-travail d'Adam Smith en affirmant : .

Pensée marginale
La pensée néoclassique se fonde sur un outil d'analyse économique puissant qu'est le marginalisme. Ce raisonnement à la marge permet de redéfinir la valeur d'un bien, et de modifier l'évaluation de son utilité.

L'école classique avait échoué à répondre au paradoxe de l'eau et du diamant : si la valeur d'un bien correspond à son utilité, comment se fait-il que l'eau ait un prix faible, et le diamant, un prix élevé ? Le marginalisme permet de répondre : si nous raisonnons à la marge, la dernière utilité qui sera produite d'eau aura une valeur infiniment plus élevée que celle du diamant.

Mathématisation
Si l'économie reposait auparavant par des calculs simples et des descriptions détaillées, les néoclassiques inaugurent véritablement l'utilisation des mathématiques comme outil d'analyse économique. Walras écrit dans l'une de ses correspondances que . Cette utilisation débouche sur une forme plus aboutie de la notion d'équilibre économique, bien que tout repose sur des hypothèses imparfaitement vérifiées. La notion d'équilibre général est créée par Walras dans son Traité d'économie politique pure de 1874.

Le néoclassicisme voit aussi l'apparition de l'usage massif de dérivées (utilité marginale, productivité marginale, coût marginal…).

Monnaie
L'école néoclassique n'est pas unanime sur la question de la monnaie. La majorité des premiers auteurs néoclassique adopte l'idée de la neutralité de la monnaie, et Carl Menger semble y être l'exception. Les néoclassiques considèrent donc que la monnaie, en tant que simple , a pour unique de fonction de fluidifier les échanges ; le volume en circulation n'a pas d'effet sur les variables réelles, comme le revenu réel (le revenu nominal moins l'inflation), l'investissement, l'épargne, etc.

Irving Fisher, fondateur de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie, reconnaît qu'il ne fait « qu'apporter une restauration et une amplification de la vieille théorie quantitative de la monnaie » avec son équation (1911) : MV = PT (M = masse monétaire, V = vitesse de circulation de la monnaie, P = niveau général des prix, T = volume des transactions). Il est à remarquer que pour cet auteur, la monnaie n'est pas neutre : toute augmentation de la masse monétaire (M) (en supposant que V et T sont constants, ce qui n'est pas loin de la réalité) implique une augmentation du niveau général des prix (P) (l'inflation) et donc une baisse du revenu réel.

Concepts clefs

Marché du travail
La théorie néoclassique redéfinit le marché du travail. Elle conceptualise la décision de recrutement depuis le point de vue individuel de l'entreprise. Selon la théorie, les entreprises génèrent une demande de travail, qui répond à l'offre de travail des travailleurs. Les entreprises embauchent tant que la productivité marginale du travail (c'est-à-dire la production du dernier salarié embauché) est supérieure au salaire proposé. Le producteur embauche de plus en plus de travailleurs, mais les coûts étant croissants, il s'arrête au moment où la productivité marginale d'un salarié supplémentaire est égale au salaire payé.

Chômage
Les néoclassiques développent une théorie du chômage volontaire. Les employés, qui offrent leur force de travail, le font en fonction d'un calcul maximisateur. Si l'effort réalisé en tant que salarié produit une utilité inférieure au loisir, c'est-à-dire au fait de ne pas travailler, alors il ne travaillera pas. A l'inverse, si le travail est jugé apporter plus d'utilité que le loisir, alors l'employé préférera le travail au loisir.

Équilibre général et équilibre partiel

Les néoclassiques mènent des recherches au sujet de la possibilité pour les marchés de se trouver tous à l'équilibre en même temps. Un tel équilibre impliquerait un équilibre sur tous les marchés de biens, et sur le marché du travail. Léon Walras écrit une démonstration de la possibilité de l'équilibre général, mais n'arrive pas à la conclure. Sa démonstration sera revue des décennies plus tard dans le cadre du modèle Arrow-Debreu.

Tous les néoclassiques n'acceptent toutefois pas la thèse de l'équilibre général. Alfred Marshall propose une théorie de l'équilibre partiel, qui paraît moins éloigné de la réalité du fonctionnement des marchés.

Thèses

Fonctionnement des marchés
Les néoclassiques construisent une théorie de l'allocation des ressources rares à des fins alternatives, ce qu'ils considèrent généralement comme la définition de la discipline économique. Les prix, les quantités produites et la distribution des revenus résultent du fonctionnement du marché selon l'offre et la demande.

Sur un marché de concurrence pure et parfaite, chaque facteur de production reçoit l'égal de ce qu'il apporte, d'où une juste rémunération des facteurs de production. Cette démonstration cherche donc à infirmer la théorie de la plus-value des marxistes. Dans de telles conditions, le profit tend à s'annuler.

Autorégulation des marchés
Une des thèses principales de l'école néoclassique est que les marchés disposent de mécanismes autorégulateurs qui assurent son bon fonctionnement sur le long terme. Cela ne signifie pas que l'économie puisse subir des chocs sur le court terme ; mais ces chocs ne sont que le résultat de frottements passagers. La théorie économique, elle, se concentre sur ce qui est supposé vrai la plupart du temps, c'est-à-dire que les marchés fonctionnent correctement. Walras écrit par exemple : . Un marché laissé à lui-même tend vers l'optimum de Pareto.

Répartition du revenu

L'école néoclassique soutient la théorie de la répartition néoclassique, selon laquelle les facteurs de production sont rémunérés selon leur productivité marginale. Il n'y a ainsi pas de conflit de classe ou de conflit entre les parties prenantes au sujet de la répartition des profits.

Les néoclassiques admettent l'existence d'inégalités dans le revenu et dans la répartition des ressources. Leurs modèles considèrent que les agents les moins dotés en patrimoine vont mécaniquement fournir plus de travail pour gagner plus d'argent.

Contrairement au marxisme, la question de la répartition des ressources n'est pas, chez les néoclassiques, un sujet de conflictualité. De manière optimale, les différents facteurs de production travaillent concomitamment, et partagent les revenus selon leur contribution. Les facteurs de production travail et capital étant successivement rémunérés en fonction de la productivité marginale et du rendement marginal.

Crises économiques
Pour les néoclassiques, les crises économiques sont liées à des événements extérieurs qui perturbent le bon fonctionnement du marché (interventions publiques, chocs pétroliers…). Ces crises se résolvent d'elles-mêmes pourvu que les marchés soient en situation de concurrence pure et parfaite.

Toutefois, la récurrence de crises à la fin du XIXe et du XXe siècle a contraint les néoclassiques à développer des modèles explicatifs. C'est notamment le cas, en 1933, par Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch. Les héritiers des néoclassiques au sein de l'école monétariste et de la NEC approfondiront ces travaux.

Débats et critiques

Importance du marginalisme
L'identification de l'école néoclassique a été critiquée par Joseph Schumpeter. Selon lui, le marginalisme ne caractérise pas l'essentiel de la démarche néoclassique. Il écrit à ce propos que si .

Rationalité des acteurs
L'école néoclassique a été critiquée sur son utilisation de l'hypothèse de l'homo oeconomicus, c'est-à-dire d'une rationalité humaine, qui peut ne pas être conforme à la réalité empirique. Les héritiers des néoclassiques, à savoir les membres de l'école monétariste et de la nouvelle économie classique, ont, pour la première, refusé le principe d'une rationalité parfaite et immédiate (via le concept d'anticipation adaptative), et, pour la deuxième, l'a accepté et augmenté (via le concept des anticipations rationnelles). Le postulat aboutit à des paradoxes lorsque les agents économiques n'adoptent pas un comportement maximisateur comme prédit ; c'est le cas du paradoxe de Feldstein et Horioka.

La rationalité des employeurs est également l'objet de critiques. La discrimination étant une forme de désutilité pour l'entreprise (car elle perd un travailleur meilleur sur des critères arbitraires), elle ne peut être logiquement intégrée aux modèles néoclassiques. L'existence de discriminations à l'embauche vient contredire ce postulat.

Coûts de production croissants
La théorie néoclassique de la production est critiquée pour ses hypothèses erronées quant aux motivations des producteurs. Elle suppose que les coûts de production croissants sont la raison pour laquelle les producteurs ne dépassent pas un certain niveau de production. Or des arguments empiriques montrent que les producteurs ne font pas reposer leurs décisions de production sur l'hypothèse de coûts croissants. Par exemple, ils peuvent souvent disposer de capacités inutilisées qui pourraient être mobilisées s'il devenait désirable de produire plus. Il en va de même du schéma idéal néoclassique de maximisation du profit, que les entrepreneurs ne jugent pas systématiquement désirable si elle nuit à la résolution de questions sociales plus larges.

La théorie marginaliste de l'équilibre du producteur a subi une critique en règle partie de l'université d'Oxford en 1939 qui donna lieu à la controverse sur le marginalisme entre les marginalistes et leurs opposants jusqu'au milieu des années cinquante.

La théorie néoclassique est également critiquée pour son biais normatif, alors que, selon ces critiques, elle ne cherche pas à expliquer le monde réel, mais à décrire une utopie peuplée de zombies où s'appliquerait le critère irréel de Pareto-optimalité. Étant donné que ses postulats ne peuvent se vérifier que dans le cadre de la CPP dont les conditions ne sont pas actuellement vérifiées dans la quasi-totalité des marchés, plusieurs critiques considèrent que les enseignements de la théorie ne peuvent aider à expliquer les problèmes économiques contemporains qu'avec une grande précaution et de grands aménagements.

Mathématisation et abstraction
Il a souvent été critiqué aux néoclassiques de trop faire reposer leurs modèles sur des abstractions. Il en est ainsi de la théorie de l'équilibre général. Nombreux sont ceux qui pensent que toute tentative de représenter un système aussi complexe que l'économie moderne par un modèle mathématique est irréaliste et vouée à l'échec. Une réponse à cette critique a été proposée par Milton Friedman, pour qui les théories doivent être jugées d'après leur capacité à prédire les évènements plutôt que par le réalisme de leurs hypothèses.

Équilibre général
La théorie néoclassique a souvent été critiquée pour son recours au modèle de l'équilibre général. Ce modèle serait impuissant par construction à décrire une économie qui évolue dans le temps et où le capital joue un rôle essentiel. Ce fut l'objet dans les années 1960 d'un débat entre économistes connu comme « la guerre des deux Cambridge » entre ceux de l'université de Cambridge et du MIT (situé à Cambridge, Massachusetts), où Piero Sraffa et Joan Robinson remettaient en cause les thèses néoclassiques.

D'autres économistes ont étudié la stabilité et l'unicité de l'équilibre général. Le théorème de Sonnenschein énonce que l'équilibre ne peut être stable qu'au prix d'hypothèses trop restrictives, ce qui tend à montrer que l'équilibre général est une construction inutilisable.

Ce théorème montre que les fonctions de demande et d'offre issues du modèle de l'équilibre général de Kenneth Arrow et Gérard Debreu peuvent avoir une forme quelconque, ce qui réfute le résultat de l'unicité et de la stabilité de l'équilibre général. Ainsi pour Claude Mouchot, .

Hétérogénéité au sein de l'école néoclassique
L'école néoclassique est difficile à cerner, car ses contours sont flous et beaucoup d'économistes néoclassiques ont également contribué à d'autres écoles de pensée (notamment, à la synthèse néoclassique, ou encore à l'école autrichienne).

L'école néoclassique est fréquemment considérée comme essentiellement libérale. Toutefois, son libéralisme est tempéré par une volonté d'encadrer la concurrence pour imposer les conditions de la concurrence dite « pure et parfaite ». Certains auteurs comme Oskar Lange ont même utilisé les thèses néoclassiques pour prôner un contrôle étatique de l'économie, où le jeu du marché serait remplacé par la planification centralisée reposant sur un calcul d'optimisation.

Enseignement
Des critiques sont régulièrement formulées face à l'importance de l'enseignement, dans les universités et les grandes écoles, des théories et conclusions de l'école néoclassique. L'enseignement de l'économie en France a ainsi fait l'objet de débats. André Orléan a publiquement regretté que l'enseignement de l'économie ne passe, selon lui, que par l'approche néoclassique.

Pour E. Roy Weintraub, si l'école néoclassique représente l'orthodoxie et est enseignée dans les grandes universités, elle le doit à sa capacité à « mathématiser » et à « scientifiser » l'économie ainsi qu'à fournir des indications susceptibles de nous éclairer sur les conduites à suivre. David Flacher (université Paris 13) note cependant que .

Le mouvement international "Rethinking Economics" s'oppose à l'omniprésence de la théorie et de la méthodologie néo-classique dans les départements d'économie. Le mouvement exige que soit introduit dans les cursus un critère de pluralisme critique, et que ce pluralisme soit à la fois théorique, méthodologique et disciplinaire, afin de garantir la neutralité idéologique des enseignements. Les membres de Rethinking Economics plaident pour l'enseignement d'autres écoles de pensées que l'école néoclassique, tel que l'économie écologique, l'économie féministe ou l'économie marxiste.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Marginalisme
 Homo œconomicus
 Utilité (économie)
 Théorie du choix rationnel
 Rationalité limitée
 Histoire de la pensée économique
 École classique
 École autrichienne
 Keynésianisme
 Monétarisme
 École de Chicago
 Institutionnalisme
 Libéralisme économique
 Capitalisme

Bibliographie

Articles
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  Jaffe, William, , 14, , .
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 Autisme-économie, « À quoi sert la microéconomie? », 2000

Livres
  Steve Keen (2014), L'Imposture économique (traduit de ), Les Éditions de l'Atelier
  Bernard Guerrien et Emmanuelle Bénicourt (2008), La théorie économique néoclassique, La Découverte
  Thorstein Veblen, «  » (Part ). Article publié initialement dans l' de . Le présent article utilise la reprise figurant dans le livre , édition 2003.
  Paul Samuelson, 1955,
  Un livre important sur la théorie de l'équilibre général de Léon Walras
  E.Roy Weintraub (1974)
  E.Roy Weintraub (2002)
  Philip Mirowski (1989)

Liens externes

École néoclassique

Courant d'inspiration libérale


text:
3dsense Media School organises a one-of-a-kind visual extravaganza – START Singapore
Asia will get to witness the gathering of some of the best talents in the media and entertainment industry at State of The Art (START) – the first digital festival in Asia – to be held at the Star Performing Art Centre in Singapore from 26 – 28 June 2014.
START is a truly inspirational event put together to ignite the passion in creating and drawing. This will be one-of-a-kind visual event that celebrates the best talents in the film, games and comics industry.
A multi-genre, cross-platform festival, START will offer three-days of intensive program including conference, market place, digital painting challenge and master classes. The event will see a stellar line-up of international and local artists showcasing their works in various art forms including concept art, illustration, character design, game design as well as digital art and graphics.
To create the ultimate experience in inspiration, creativity and learning, START has gathered speakers from some of the world's most prestigious entertainment companies including Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic, Pixar Animation Studios and Imaginary Friends Studios. From video games (God of War, World of Warcraft, Street Fighter III, Dota 2) to Hollywood movies (Transformers, Iron Man, Wolverine, Spiderman, The Hobbit, Wall-E, Cars); to comics (Dark Knight, Poison Ivy, Bat Girl, Captain America, Hulk) and advertisements (Nike, Coca-Cola, Philips, Heineken); the artists behind these well known works will share their experiences, impart knowledge and discuss new ideas at START.
List of the Speaker's Profiles
"Creating and drawing is fundamental to the training in the creative industries, helping people to see, think and invent. Through the START event, we hope to profile and harness the value of the art form as a tool for creativity," said Sen Lai, organiser of START event and CEO of 3dsense Media School in a press statement. "Whether you are a film-maker brainstorming for the next A list movie, or a Game-Designer preparing for the next AAA game title, you will be challenged and inspired by what you see at START."
More than a gathering for fans and like-minded people, START aims to provide a platform to entertain, educate and celebrate. By bringing creators from all aspects and aspiring artists together with industry players, START aims to become a launch pad for the next big idea, highly-anticipated original content and superstar in the creative industries.
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text:
Kneeley enters Logan Circle
Douglas Appell
Stephen J. Kneeley was named a senior partner at Logan Circle Partners, focusing on operational and strategic issues, said Jude T. Driscoll, Logan Circle's CEO.
The position is a new one at the Philadelphia-based firm, which launched operations late last year with key portfolio managers who had worked together at Delaware Investments.
Mr. Kneeley will help build Logan Circle's distribution efforts and will spearhead other initiatives, including looking to add equity capabilities to the firm's asset mix, Mr. Driscoll said.
In a telephone interview, Mr. Kneeley said he had been a consultant to money management firms for the past year, after leaving his position as a managing partner with Legg Mason subsidiary Brandywine Global Investors in August 2007. He said his strategic advisory firm, Ardmore Partners, will be closed.


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Madhuri Chawla is currently the Director for Enterprise Applications Cloud Solutions and manages a team of world-wide architects responsible for the architecture, and solution development of Enterprise Applications cloud solutions. Her responsibilities include understanding the market and customer needs, shaping the cloud offering requirements and aligning with the IBM portfolio and market initiatives to create a managed applications cloud solution that is integrated with IBM's cloud offerings to facilitate cloud adoption and support of hybrid cloud environments. Madhuri was instrumental in shaping and setting SAP's IT strategy to expand delivery of its cloud services by partnering with IBM. Her work led to the IBM and SAP strategic alliance in the HANA Enterprise Cloud space. She spent several years providing consulting services for Digital Transformation project for SAP customers.