text:
What is the Population Rate of Change?
What is the Population Density?
What is the Land Area?
What is the Total Administration Salaries?
What is the Student Teacher Ratio?
What is the Percent Without Health Insurance?
What is the Access to Exercise Opportunities Rate?
Others in Middle Atlantic Division
Counties in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia County, PA
Montgomery County, PA
Bucks County, PA
Delaware County, PA
Metro Areas in Pennsylvania
New York Metro Area (NY-NJ-PA)
Philadelphia Metro Area (PA-NJ-DE-MD)
Pittsburgh Metro Area (PA)
Allentown Metro Area (PA-NJ)
Scranton Metro Area (PA)
Places in Pennsylvania
Questions about Pennsylvania
The population count of Pennsylvania was 12,791,181 in 2018.
Demographics and Population Datasets Involving Pennsylvania
New York State Population Data: Beginning 2003
Population data file is provided as an additional reference file when interpreting vital statistics death rates. The population data is derived from the corresponding release of the NCHS annual estimates of "Bridged Race Vintage" which are consistent with the Bureau of the Census estimates from "Vintage" (released in the summer). For more information, check out: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/. The "About" tab contains additional details concerning this dataset.
Death Dataset Aggregated at the State/County Level 1990 - Current Annual Health
data.pa.gov | Last Updated 2019-08-19T17:32:46.000Z
This dataset contains aggregate death data at the state and county level for Pennsylvania residents. The data are displayed by year, race/ethnicity, gender, age group and cause of death.
Vital Statistics Suicide Deaths by Age-Group, Race/Ethnicity, Resident County, Region and Gender: Beginning 2003
This dataset contains suicide death counts by region, race or ethnicity, sex, and age group. For more information, check out: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics/.
Vital Statistics Deaths by Resident County, Region, and Race/Ethnicity: Beginning 2003
This dataset contains death counts by resident county and race/ethnicity. For more information check out: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/vital_statistics.
Census Demographics (2010-2014)
data.baltimorecity.gov | Last Updated 2017-02-06T04:55:23.000Z
Census data are frequently used throughout Vital Signs as denominators for normalizing many other indicators and rates. The socioeconomic and demographic indicators are grouped into the following categories: population, race/ethnicity, age, households, and income and poverty.
Counts and Rates of New HIV Diagnoses Among Individuals Using Injection Drugs January 2016 - Current Monthly County & Statewide Health
This indicator includes the count and rate of new HIV diagnoses among individuals using injection drugs per 100,000 individuals estimated to have Drug Use Disorder.
Census Demographics 2010
BNIA-JFI analyzed data from the Census to provide greater understandingof the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the residents of the City and its neighborhoods . BNIA-JFI also used this data as denominators for many of the Vital Signs indicators allowing for data to be normalized and rates to be computed. Census data analyzed by BNIA-JFI is grouped into the following categories: population, race and ethnicity; households and families; and income.
Rate of Hospitalizations for Opioid Overdose per 100,000 Residents by Demographics CY 2016- 2017 Statewide Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4)
Rate of hospitalization for opioid overdose per 100,000 PA Residents categorized by principal diagnosis of heroin or opioid pain medication overdose by year and demographic. This analysis is restricted to Pennsylvania residents age 15 and older who were hospitalized in Pennsylvania general acute care hospitals. Disclaimer: PHC4's database contains statewide hospital discharge data submitted to PHC4 by Pennsylvania hospitals. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information obtained from the Uniform Claims and Billing Form (UB-82/92/04) data elements. Computer collection edits and validation edits provide opportunity to correct specific errors that may have occurred prior to, during or after submission of data. The ultimate responsibility for data accuracy lies with individual providers. PHC4 agents and staff make no representation, guarantee, or warranty, expressed or implied that the data received from the hospitals are error-free, or that the use of this data will prevent differences of opinion or disputes with those who use published reports or purchased data. PHC4 will bear no responsibility or liability for the results or consequences of its use.


text:
Kim Marie Alexis (born July 15, 1960) is an American supermodel and actress who was famous in the 1970s and 80s. She appeared on the cover of magazines like Sports Illustrated, Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Glamour, Self and Cosmopolitan.

Early life
Alexis was born in Lockport, New York, and grew up in the suburbs of Buffalo. Her father, Robert, was a chemical engineer.  Her mother's name is Barbara. She also has a sister. She started to be a swimmer at the age of six and began to swim competitively through her senior year at Lockport High School. She attended college at the University of Rhode Island, and was accepted into a five-year pharmacy program.

Alexis was raised Presbyterian, and she and her family attended church every Sunday.

Modeling
Alexis was one of the top models of the late 1970s and early to mid 1980s, identified along with Gia Carangi, Carol Alt, Patti Hansen, Christie Brinkley, Kelly Emberg, Iman, Janice Dickinson, and Paulina Porizkova.  In 1983 she became the face of Revlon's premium Ultima II line, replacing Lauren Hutton.

Television
In the early 1990s, Alexis hosted health shows, such as Healthy Kids on the Family Channel and Lifetime.

In the late 1990s, she was host of Daily Edition, a syndicated program distributed by MGM.

She also appeared with Mike Ditka in the last episode of Cheers, "One for the Road" in 1993.

In 2005, she appeared on VH1's reality competition But Can They Sing?, where celebrities, who have never sung before, get the chance to perform in front of an audience. Alexis was eliminated in week two.

Film
Alexis appeared in the 1993 movie Body Bags, and the 1998 movie Holy Man with Eddie Murphy.

Advertising
In 1995, Alexis became the spokeswoman for Alpine Lace Brands, Inc., promoting the company's Alpine Lace low-fat cheese products.

Personal life
Alexis is divorced from former NHL hockey player Ron Duguay, with whom she has a son, Noah. She also has two sons, Jamie and Bobby, with ex-husband Jim Stockton. Alexis raised her family in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida.

Filmography

References

External links

1960 births
21st-century American women
American female models
American television actresses
Female models from New York (state)
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
People from Lockport, New York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
All About Michigan
Amber Ainsworth, Web Producer
Published: August 1, 2019, 9:54 pm
Tags: National, News, Macomb County, Michigan Eats, Events, All About Michigan
Sample hard ciders from across the Midwest at Michigan Cider Dayze Festival
Fest held at Blake's Orchard in Armada
Blake's in Armada makes hard ciders. (Amber Ainsworth/WDIV)
ARMADA, Mich. – Taste hard ciders from across the Midwest at the Michigan Cider Dayze Festival in Armada this month.
The fifth annual fest will bring more than 50 hard cider companies, breweries and wineries to Blake's Orchard in Armada on Aug. 24 and 25.
The festival will include games, food trucks, live music, competitions and more.
Cider Dayze is put on by the Armada Lions Club. Tickets start at $35. For more information or to purchase tickets, click here.
Blake's is at 17985 Armada Center Rd.
Amber Ainsworth
Amber is a Web Producer for ClickOnDetroit and graduated from the University of Michigan-Dearborn with a Journalism and Screen Studies degree. She is a writer and photographer who covers music and local beer, when she's not covering news. Amber is also a member of the Michigan National Guard.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gaming content generally contains all of the issues associated with betting like procedures, rules and regulations, gaming laws and tips that are of great help for the fresh bettors. As we all know that gaming is to http://oddsexchanges.com wager money or items and which can give unexpected outcomes. Therefore to get more satisfactory final results one can go through the gaming content. Betting content can help those beginners who actively start the action intended for winning more money or items.
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The majority of the new gamers give security the topmost priority when looking for on-line playing. They've many queries concerning to the honesty of the game titles as well as security of their money. Lots of them doesn't wish to spend their cash because they think that their money will not returned again right after winning the actual games. To get the solutions of these queries on can go through the gaming articles. Gambling article provides number of websites that make sure fair games plus the methodology to play those games.
Go to the gambling sites which have legitimate licence that may be known by checking the websites which post testimonials as well as reviews of the on-line gambling establishment.
Check that the casino has a hyperlink to those communities that confirm safety of online gambling establishment websites.
The different gambling avenues provided by the sites as the numerous income streams, give them a lot more incentive to be honest and profitable.
Use our credit card as it is completely secure with all the on-line casino and facts are not disclosed by the casinos.
Additionally, there are different ways away from betting article and guidelines to help players for safe on-line gaming. They could research to understand the experiences of older gamers and play thrilling and financially rewarding online casino games from their home or office.


text:
//
//  RequestKeyString.h
//  MinLison
//
//  Created by MinLison on 2017/9/6.
//  Copyright © 2017年 minlison. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

/*
 定义字符串时, 按照 kRequestKey 前缀加参数名首字母大写的命名规则
 */

#ifndef RequestKeyString_h
#define RequestKeyString_h
/// 请求参数
// MARK: - Global Params Key
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyParam;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeySign;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyTrace_Id;

//MARK: - Defaut Pramams Key
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyApp_ID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyDevice_Info;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyMethod;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyMethodVersion;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyNetType;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyUUID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeySys_Type;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyApp_Version_Code;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyPage;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyStart_Position;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyPackage_Name;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyVersion_Code;
/// MARK: = User
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyType;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN NSString *const kRequestKeyPassword;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyThird_Party_Id;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyNick_Name;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyAvatar;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCountry_Code;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyPhone;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyMobile;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeySms_Code;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyUser_ID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyToken;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyRefresh_Token;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyUpload_Type;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyImg;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyList_Type;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyItem_Id;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyPid;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyContent;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyStatus;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyItem_Ids;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyTime;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyLat;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyLng;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyAreaID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeySportId;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyLimit;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyName;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyTitle;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyUrl;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCardID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCardNum;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCardPassword;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCardOldPassword;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCardNewPassword;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyOrderType;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyOrderStatusType;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyArticleType;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyArticleID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyActivityItemId;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyActivitySubscribId;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyNum;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyCateID;
FOUNDATION_EXTERN  NSString *const kRequestKeyClassTypeID;
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home » Celebrity Engagement Rings » 5 Most Expensive Celebrity Engagement Rings
5 Most Expensive Celebrity Engagement Rings
October 28, 2018 Admin Off Celebrity Engagement Rings,
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rzymD3Q4aI
you must follow us on facebook page for more and prices
https://www.facebook.com/jewelry2015
Thank You For Watching This Video,Watch More Beautiful Video
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Get swayed like Elizabeth Taylor
Value: $8.8 million
Elizabeth Taylor is well-known for her acting prowess as well as her string of marriages. However, the one romance she is most recognised for is the one with her on and off again husband and actor, Richard Burton.
From Monaco with love
When Prince Rainier III of Monaco decided to propose his wife, Hollywood star Grace Kelly, he opted for an exquisite Cartier diamond ring. The 10.47 carat ring with emerald-cut centre was surrounded on both sides by two stylish diamond baguettes. The ring has been valued at a staggering 4.6 million dollars and was a fitting ring to sit on the finger of one of the most well-known and famous leading ladies of Hollywood, who was in her own right quite stunning too.
Royal proposal for Kate Middleton
It is no surprise that the future King of England, Prince William decided to go big when he proposed Kate Middleton by opting to give her an 18-carat sapphire engagement ring. The ring was also worn by Princess Diana, his mother and is quite stunning, to say the least.
Flaunt it like Beyonce
Beyonce's husband Jay-Z is considered to be one of the richest individuals in the music industry and is renowned for his lavish lifestyle. So, it was only natural for him to go all out when promising his undying love to his lady by presenting her with a stunning 20-carat ring.
Sparkle like Catherine Zeta Jones
In true Hollywood style, Michael Douglas proposed to his wife Catherine Zeta Jones with a vintage Fred Leighton diamond ring. The ring has a marquis-shaped, 10-carat diamond at its centre. It also has around 28 smaller stones surrounding the main, big diamond. There might be no value to love, but this expression certainly has a value to it- an unbelievable 2.5 million dollars.
Tags: 5 Most Expensive Celebrity Engagement Rings, Beyonce, celebrity engagement rings, Elizabeth Taylor, Engagement Ring (Product Category), Most Expensive Ring, Richard Burton
Previous: Explore Elegant Engagement Rings on this Black Friday in Panama City, FL – (850) 763-4224
Next: DIY Wedding Decorations | Dollar Tree
Bridesmaid Proposal Boxes Under $25 + Beyonce Themed Gifts | Teztimonial
The road to 'I Do' continues. I asked my bridesmaids to get in formation for my big day and they said yassss. See how I...
Top 7 Most Expensive Engagement Rings in The World
Top 7 Most Expensive Engagement Rings in The World 7. Melania Knauss engagement ring 6. Jennifer Lopez engagement ring 5. Grace Kelly engagement ring 4....


Today, people are more conscious about their health more than ever. From food, lifestyle, and down to their fluid intakes—many people are cautious to maintain a healthy body. This thinking led to the emergence of various products that can veer them away from certain diseases such as health drinks.
Nowadays, more and more people are getting into diets that lower down the excessive intake of fats and other chemicals that may cause illness. Many are also getting into workouts to keep their bodies fit and healthy. And there are also those who use products such as vitamins and other health supplements to improve their bodies' resistance to illnesses.
But many are not aware that drinking commercial healthy drinks don't always guarantee a healthy body. In fact, many of the so-called "healthy drinks" in the market contain chemicals and additional substances that may be harmful to the body. Also, make sure that you buy these from reputable stores and manufacturers to ensure your body's safety.
If you are one of those who are into healthy drinks, the best way to ensure that you are getting vitamins and minerals with harmful chemicals is to drink natural-based drinks such as coconut water.
In tropical islands such as those in the Caribbean, Southern Asia, Pacific Islands, South America, and Central America, coconut water is considered as the most popular drink not only during summer but also for the whole-year. Aside from being abundant, people in these areas drink lots of it not only because it is the purest natural drink available but also because of its health benefits.
When freshly obtained from unripe coconuts, coconut water is a rich source of many organic compounds that are good for a person's total well being. Experts agree that this is one of the best health drinks out there because it is basically 99 percent free from fat, has a low sugar content and it is low in carbohydrates which is one of the major culprist in gaining weight.
For people who are on-the-go or those who undergo rigorous workout, this is an ideal health drink because it maintains the body's normal temperature, re-hydrates the body well, and easily replenishes lost fluids in the body after a series of exercise.
Considered as a natural isotonic beverage, coconut water is considered as one of the best natural health drinks out there. It aids fast but healthy metabolism, improves the body's immune system, while cleansing the digestive tract thoroughly.
It is also useful in maintaining sugar counts for diabetics, effective for those with kidney stones and other urethral conditions, and can reduce the risks of having cancer as well as aid in the enhancement of the blood's proper circulation.
How can Natural Health Drinks Help you Save Some Money?


Tired of same gele style everyone is wearing? We too! We got photos of new trending side-twisted gele styles for you. Sometimes, when invited to a wedding or any occasion, a typical Nigerian woman yearns to dress to impress, or like my Naija peeps would say: 'dress-to-kill'. And at times like that, the same-same old gele styles won't cut it for you. Only a new, uncommon Gele style can add the needed extra sauce to that look you have in your head. So, if you're in the mood to 'pepper dem' with your Gele, I've got 6 fresh new Gele styles for you to try on your next occasion or wedding. Scroll down to see our curated new gele styles inspiration below for ideas to change up your occasion-wear look, and thank me later.
Now that you have 6 new styles to play with, say bye-bye to old styles of tying gele, and sing along with Teniola's 'my Gele must pass your own' song ('video below – you may want to pause video when the ad starts at 1 min 29 seconds). You must show them you have arrived – with these new side-twisted gele with pleats head-tie looks. Your gele must fine pass their own.
It's not every time you want to wear a common-style outfit to an occasion or wedding party, especially if many important personalities are on the invite-list. You know how easy it is to get lost in the sea of sameness wearing the same aso-ebi or aso-oke fabric (as everyone) at a wedding or other types of occasion. While sewing a special style for your aso-ebi can help you look different, tying a different and unpopular style of gele is another way.
Who wants to go to a party looking like everyone, with same ol' Gele style? That's boring. That's why we're starting to bring you a series of hot, fresh and trending new gele scarf styles spotted on celebs and fashion-savvy Nigerian women at society weddings.
Hope the above in-vogue, trending twisted gele styles and will have fun recreating those featured looks. Stay tuned for the next edition of our in-vogie Gele Styles Series to see more new gele head-tie style trends. Now, I want to hear from you. Comment below to tell me – which of the above new gele styles do you like best?


Sieve idea has a wealthy and romantic background. the traditional query of no matter if there exist infinitely many dual primes (primes p such that p+2 can also be prime), and Goldbach's conjecture that each even quantity should be written because the sum of 2 leading numbers, were of the issues that experience encouraged the advance of the speculation. This ebook offers a encouraged creation to sieve idea. instead of specialise in technical info which could vague the great thing about the speculation, the authors specialize in examples and purposes, constructing the idea in parallel. The textual content can be utilized for a senior point undergraduate path or an introductory graduate direction in analytic quantity concept, and non-experts can achieve a short advent to the strategies of the subject.
This e-book offers a self-contained review of the function of conformal teams in geometry and mathematical physics. It encompasses a cautious improvement of the cloth, from the fundamentals of Clifford algebras to extra complicated issues. every one bankruptcy covers a particular element of conformal teams and conformal spin geometry.
This can be the 1st introductory e-book on a number of zeta services and a number of polylogarithms that are the generalizations of the Riemann zeta functionality and the classical polylogarithms, respectively, to the a number of variable atmosphere. It comprises all of the uncomplicated innovations and the $64000 houses of those services and their unique values.
This publication collects greater than thirty contributions in reminiscence of Wolfgang Schwarz, such a lot of that have been offered on the 7th foreign convention on effortless and Analytic quantity conception (ELAZ), held July 2014 in Hildesheim, Germany. starting from the speculation of arithmetical features to diophantine difficulties, to analytic points of zeta-functions, a few of the examine and survey articles disguise the huge pursuits of the well known quantity theorist and loved colleague Wolfgang Schwarz (1934-2013), who contributed over 100 articles on quantity thought, its heritage and comparable fields.


text:
Auto Generating Migrations
===========================

Alembic can view the status of the database and compare against the table metadata
in the application, generating the "obvious" migrations based on a comparison.  This
is achieved using the ``--autogenerate`` option to the ``alembic revision`` command,
which places so-called *candidate* migrations into our new migrations file.  We
review and modify these by hand as needed, then proceed normally.

To use autogenerate, we first need to modify our ``env.py`` so that it gets access
to a table metadata object that contains the target.  Suppose our application
has a `declarative base <http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/orm/extensions/declarative.html#synopsis>`_
in ``myapp.mymodel``.  This base contains a :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object which
contains :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects defining our database.  We make sure this
is loaded in ``env.py`` and then passed to :meth:`.EnvironmentContext.configure` via the
``target_metadata`` argument.   The ``env.py`` sample script used in the
generic template already has a
variable declaration near the top for our convenience, where we replace ``None``
with our :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData`.  Starting with::

    # add your model's MetaData object here
    # for 'autogenerate' support
    # from myapp import mymodel
    # target_metadata = mymodel.Base.metadata
    target_metadata = None

we change to::

    from myapp.mymodel import Base
    target_metadata = Base.metadata

.. note::

  The above example refers to the **generic alembic env.py template**, e.g.
  the one created by default when calling upon ``alembic init``, and not
  the special-use templates such as ``multidb``.   Please consult the source
  code and comments within the ``env.py`` script directly for specific
  guidance on where and how the autogenerate metadata is established.

If we look later in the script, down in ``run_migrations_online()``,
we can see the directive passed to :meth:`.EnvironmentContext.configure`::

    def run_migrations_online():
        engine = engine_from_config(
                    config.get_section(config.config_ini_section), prefix='sqlalchemy.')

        with engine.connect() as connection:
            context.configure(
                        connection=connection,
                        target_metadata=target_metadata
                        )

            with context.begin_transaction():
                context.run_migrations()

We can then use the ``alembic revision`` command in conjunction with the
``--autogenerate`` option.  Suppose
our :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` contained a definition for the ``account`` table,
and the database did not.  We'd get output like::

    $ alembic revision --autogenerate -m "Added account table"
    INFO [alembic.context] Detected added table 'account'
    Generating /path/to/foo/alembic/versions/27c6a30d7c24.py...done

We can then view our file ``27c6a30d7c24.py`` and see that a rudimentary migration
is already present::

    """empty message

    Revision ID: 27c6a30d7c24
    Revises: None
    Create Date: 2011-11-08 11:40:27.089406

    """

    # revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
    revision = '27c6a30d7c24'
    down_revision = None

    from alembic import op
    import sqlalchemy as sa

    def upgrade():
        ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
        op.create_table(
        'account',
        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer()),
        sa.Column('name', sa.String(length=50), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('description', sa.VARCHAR(200)),
        sa.Column('last_transaction_date', sa.DateTime()),
        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
        )
        ### end Alembic commands ###

    def downgrade():
        ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
        op.drop_table("account")
        ### end Alembic commands ###

The migration hasn't actually run yet, of course.  We do that via the usual ``upgrade``
command.   We should also go into our migration file and alter it as needed, including
adjustments to the directives as well as the addition of other directives which these may
be dependent on - specifically data changes in between creates/alters/drops.

What does Autogenerate Detect (and what does it *not* detect?)
--------------------------------------------------------------

The vast majority of user issues with Alembic centers on the topic of what
kinds of changes autogenerate can and cannot detect reliably, as well as
how it renders Python code for what it does detect.     it is critical to
note that **autogenerate is not intended to be perfect**.   It is *always*
necessary to manually review and correct the **candidate migrations**
that autogenererate produces.   The feature is getting more and more
comprehensive and error-free as releases continue, but one should take
note of the current limitations.

Autogenerate **will detect**:

* Table additions, removals.
* Column additions, removals.
* Change of nullable status on columns.
* Basic changes in indexes and explcitly-named unique constraints

.. versionadded:: 0.6.1 Support for autogenerate of indexes and unique constraints.

* Basic changes in foreign key constraints

.. versionadded:: 0.7.1 Support for autogenerate of foreign key constraints.

Autogenerate can **optionally detect**:

* Change of column type.  This will occur if you set
  the :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_type` parameter
  to ``True``, or to a custom callable function.
  The feature works well in most cases,
  but is off by default so that it can be tested on the target schema
  first.  It can also be customized by passing a callable here; see the
  section :ref:`compare_types` for details.
* Change of server default.  This will occur if you set
  the :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_server_default`
  parameter to ``True``, or to a custom callable function.
  This feature works well for simple cases but cannot always produce
  accurate results.  The Postgresql backend will actually invoke
  the "detected" and "metadata" values against the database to
  determine equivalence.  The feature is off by default so that
  it can be tested on the target schema first.  Like type comparison,
  it can also be customized by passing a callable; see the
  function's documentation for details.

Autogenerate **can not detect**:

* Changes of table name.   These will come out as an add/drop of two different
  tables, and should be hand-edited into a name change instead.
* Changes of column name.  Like table name changes, these are detected as
  a column add/drop pair, which is not at all the same as a name change.
* Anonymously named constraints.  Give your constraints a name,
  e.g. ``UniqueConstraint('col1', 'col2', name="my_name")``.  See the section
  :doc:`naming` for background on how to configure automatic naming schemes
  for constraints.
* Special SQLAlchemy types such as :class:`~sqlalchemy.types.Enum` when generated
  on a backend which doesn't support ENUM directly - this because the
  representation of such a type
  in the non-supporting database, i.e. a CHAR+ CHECK constraint, could be
  any kind of CHAR+CHECK.  For SQLAlchemy to determine that this is actually
  an ENUM would only be a guess, something that's generally a bad idea.
  To implement your own "guessing" function here, use the
  :meth:`sqlalchemy.events.DDLEvents.column_reflect` event
  to detect when a CHAR (or whatever the target type is) is reflected,
  and change it to an ENUM (or whatever type is desired) if it is known that
  that's the intent of the type.  The
  :meth:`sqlalchemy.events.DDLEvents.after_parent_attach`
  can be used within the autogenerate process to intercept and un-attach
  unwanted CHECK constraints.

Autogenerate can't currently, but **will eventually detect**:

* Some free-standing constraint additions and removals,
  like CHECK, PRIMARY KEY - these are not fully implemented.
* Sequence additions, removals - not yet implemented.

Comparing and Rendering Types
------------------------------

The area of autogenerate's behavior of comparing and rendering Python-based type objects
in migration scripts presents a challenge, in that there's
a very wide variety of types to be rendered in scripts, including those
part of SQLAlchemy as well as user-defined types.   A few options
are given to help out with this task.

.. _autogen_module_prefix:

Controlling the Module Prefix
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When types are rendered, they are generated with a **module prefix**, so
that they are available based on a relatively small number of imports.
The rules for what the prefix is is based on the kind of datatype as well
as configurational settings.   For example, when Alembic renders SQLAlchemy
types, it will by default prefix the type name with the prefix ``sa.``::

    Column("my_column", sa.Integer())

The use of the ``sa.`` prefix is controllable by altering the value
of :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.sqlalchemy_module_prefix`::

    def run_migrations_online():
        # ...

        context.configure(
                    connection=connection,
                    target_metadata=target_metadata,
                    sqlalchemy_module_prefix="sqla.",
                    # ...
                    )

        # ...

In either case, the ``sa.`` prefix, or whatever prefix is desired, should
also be included in the imports section of ``script.py.mako``; it also
defaults to ``import sqlalchemy as sa``.

For user-defined types, that is, any custom type that
is not within the ``sqlalchemy.`` module namespace, by default Alembic will
use the **value of __module__ for the custom type**::

    Column("my_column", myapp.models.utils.types.MyCustomType())

The imports for the above type again must be made present within the migration,
either manually, or by adding it to ``script.py.mako``.

.. versionchanged:: 0.7.0
   The default module prefix rendering for a user-defined type now makes use
   of the type's ``__module__`` attribute to retrieve the prefix, rather than
   using the value of
   :paramref:`~.EnvironmentContext.configure.sqlalchemy_module_prefix`.

The above custom type has a long and cumbersome name based on the use
of ``__module__`` directly, which also implies that lots of imports would
be needed in order to accomodate lots of types.  For this reason, it is
recommended that user-defined types used in migration scripts be made
available from a single module.  Suppose we call it ``myapp.migration_types``::

    # myapp/migration_types.py

    from myapp.models.utils.types import MyCustomType

We can first add an import for ``migration_types`` to our ``script.py.mako``::

    from alembic import op
    import sqlalchemy as sa
    import myapp.migration_types
    ${imports if imports else ""}

We then override Alembic's use of ``__module__`` by providing a fixed
prefix, using the :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.user_module_prefix`
option::

    def run_migrations_online():
        # ...

        context.configure(
                    connection=connection,
                    target_metadata=target_metadata,
                    user_module_prefix="myapp.migration_types.",
                    # ...
                    )

        # ...

Above, we now would get a migration like::

  Column("my_column", myapp.migration_types.MyCustomType())

Now, when we inevitably refactor our application to move ``MyCustomType``
somewhere else, we only need modify the ``myapp.migration_types`` module,
instead of searching and replacing all instances within our migration scripts.

.. versionadded:: 0.6.3 Added :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.user_module_prefix`.

.. _autogen_render_types:

Affecting the Rendering of Types Themselves
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The methodology Alembic uses to generate SQLAlchemy and user-defined type constructs
as Python code is plain old ``__repr__()``.   SQLAlchemy's built-in types
for the most part have a ``__repr__()`` that faithfully renders a
Python-compatible constructor call, but there are some exceptions, particularly
in those cases when a constructor accepts arguments that aren't compatible
with ``__repr__()``, such as a pickling function.

When building a custom type that will be rendered into a migration script,
it is often necessary to explicitly give the type a ``__repr__()`` that will
faithfully reproduce the constructor for that type.   This, in combination
with :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.user_module_prefix`, is usually
enough.  However, if additional behaviors are needed, a more comprehensive
hook is the :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.render_item` option.
This hook allows one to provide a callable function within ``env.py`` that will fully take
over how a type is rendered, including its module prefix::

    def render_item(type_, obj, autogen_context):
        """Apply custom rendering for selected items."""

        if type_ == 'type' and isinstance(obj, MySpecialType):
            return "mypackage.%r" % obj

        # default rendering for other objects
        return False

    def run_migrations_online():
        # ...

        context.configure(
                    connection=connection,
                    target_metadata=target_metadata,
                    render_item=render_item,
                    # ...
                    )

        # ...

In the above example, we'd ensure our ``MySpecialType`` includes an appropriate
``__repr__()`` method, which is invoked when we call it against ``"%r"``.

The callable we use for :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.render_item`
can also add imports to our migration script.  The :class:`.AutogenContext` passed in
contains a datamember called :attr:`.AutogenContext.imports`, which is a Python
``set()`` for which we can add new imports.  For example, if ``MySpecialType``
were in a module called ``mymodel.types``, we can add the import for it
as we encounter the type::

    def render_item(type_, obj, autogen_context):
        """Apply custom rendering for selected items."""

        if type_ == 'type' and isinstance(obj, MySpecialType):
            # add import for this type
            autogen_context.imports.add("from mymodel import types")
            return "types.%r" % obj

        # default rendering for other objects
        return False

.. versionchanged:: 0.8 The ``autogen_context`` data member passed to
   the ``render_item`` callable is now an instance of :class:`.AutogenContext`.

.. versionchanged:: 0.8.3 The "imports" data member of the autogen context
   is restored to the new :class:`.AutogenContext` object as
   :attr:`.AutogenContext.imports`.

The finished migration script will include our imports where the
``${imports}`` expression is used, producing output such as::

  from alembic import op
  import sqlalchemy as sa
  from mymodel import types

  def upgrade():
      op.add_column('sometable', Column('mycolumn', types.MySpecialType()))

.. _compare_types:

Comparing Types
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The default type comparison logic will work for SQLAlchemy built in types as
well as basic user defined types.   This logic is only enabled if the
:paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_type` parameter
is set to True::

    context.configure(
        # ...
        compare_type = True
    )

Alternatively, the :paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_type`
parameter accepts a callable function which may be used to implement custom type
comparison logic, for cases such as where special user defined types
are being used::

    def my_compare_type(context, inspected_column,
                metadata_column, inspected_type, metadata_type):
        # return True if the types are different,
        # False if not, or None to allow the default implementation
        # to compare these types
        return None

    context.configure(
        # ...
        compare_type = my_compare_type
    )

Above, ``inspected_column`` is a :class:`sqlalchemy.schema.Column` as
returned by
:meth:`sqlalchemy.engine.reflection.Inspector.reflecttable`, whereas
``metadata_column`` is a :class:`sqlalchemy.schema.Column` from the
local model environment.  A return value of ``None`` indicates that default
type comparison to proceed.

Additionally, custom types that are part of imported or third party
packages which have special behaviors such as per-dialect behavior
should implement a method called ``compare_against_backend()``
on their SQLAlchemy type.   If this method is present, it will be called
where it can also return True or False to specify the types compare as
equivalent or not; if it returns None, default type comparison logic
will proceed::

    class MySpecialType(TypeDecorator):

        # ...

        def compare_against_backend(self, dialect, conn_type):
            # return True if the types are different,
            # False if not, or None to allow the default implementation
            # to compare these types
            if dialect.name == 'postgresql':
                return isinstance(conn_type, postgresql.UUID)
            else:
                return isinstance(conn_type, String)

The order of precedence regarding the
:paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_type` callable vs. the
type itself implementing ``compare_against_backend`` is that the
:paramref:`.EnvironmentContext.configure.compare_type` callable is favored
first; if it returns ``None``, then the ``compare_against_backend`` method
will be used, if present on the metadata type.  If that returns ``None``,
then a basic check for type equivalence is run.

.. versionadded:: 0.7.6 - added support for the ``compare_against_backend()``
   method.


text:
Darreh Nakhī (persiska: دَرِّه ناخی, دَرِّۀ ناخی, دَرِّه ناخِه, درّه نخی, Darreh Nākhī) är en ort i Iran.   Den ligger i provinsen Kurdistan, i den nordvästra delen av landet,  km väster om huvudstaden Teheran. Darreh Nakhī ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Darreh Nakhī är huvudsakligen kuperad, men söderut är den bergig. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Kūh-e Mohīyeh,  meter över havet,  km sydväst om Darreh Nakhī. Runt Darreh Nakhī är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Marivan,  km norr om Darreh Nakhī. Trakten runt Darreh Nakhī består till största delen av jordbruksmark.

Klimatet i området är tempererat. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är februari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är november, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är september, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Kurdistan (Iran)


One Wintry Night by Ruth Bell Graham is a beautifully illustrated picture book that you will want to add to your Christmas reading list!
A young "mountain smart" boy ends up caught in a snowstorm and seeks shelter in a log home his grandpa helped build. The elderly woman who lives there welcomes him with "frying bacon, fresh coffee and wood smoke" that sets the scene for the Christmas story she shares with him while waiting out the snowstorm.
In the beginning, the earth was shapeless and empty; and darkness was over the face of the deep. Then God began to move.
Then we meet Mary and Joseph, and see a miracle in a manger. But the story, of course, does not end there.
And in that awful stillness, a single loud cry arose.
The figure on the cross slumped….
In beautiful language, the woman explains to the boy our need of a Savior and the result of His work on the cross.
And Jesus was that Savior.
God did not send Him to deliver them from unjust rulers, from illness or unpleasant situations. He was born to die, to die for the sins of mankind. Those who were sorry for their sins, even the worst of people, could be forgiven. And they once more would know the joy of companionship with God lost so long ago in Eden.
Through His death and resurrection, the baby born that night in Bethlehem had become Lord of all.
This is the real meaning of Christmas, the joy and glory of it!
In these times when Christmas tends to get lost in the busy, the loud, the commercial, the flashy … the insignificant, this book shines a light on the real gift!
A wonderful family read-aloud, from the youngest to the oldest, each and every year.


text:
Q: The Column was specified multiple times when using dynamic pivot query? So let's say that I have two tables, table1 and table2, that I want to pivot with a cte view uvw_TestView.
table1
id1 | name | locationCode
----|------|-----------------
1   | a    | 3
2   | b    | 1
3   | c    | 2

table2
id2 | id1 | StudyName | dateStudy
----|-----|-----------|------
1   | 1   | Math      | 2015-05-23
2   | 1   | Chemistry | 2015-06-20
3   | 2   | Math      | 2016-09-02
4   | 3   | Physics   | 2016-12-26
5   | 2   | Chemistry | 2017-01-05
6   | 2   | Math      | 2017-06-06
7   | 3   | Chemistry | 2018-02-22

The view here is just a loation where people from table1 study.
the expected result is something like this if the date filtered from 2015-05-01 to 2017-01-01
id1 | name | Math       | Chemistry  | Physics
1   | a    | 2015-05-23 | 2015-06-20 |   ---
2   | b    | 2016-09-02 |   ---      |   ---
3   | c    |   ---      |   ---      |   2016-12-26

I'm so sorry that I can't show the real query here, but I try to make it similar with it.
I've tried to used this query without the date filter
DECLARE @columns NVARCHAR(MAX), @sql NVARCHAR(MAX), @dtDate1 DATETIME, @dtDate2 DATETIME;
SET @dtDate1 = '2015-05-01'
SET @dtDate2 = '2017-01-01'
SET @columns = N'';
SELECT @columns += N', ' + QUOTENAME(StudyName)
  FROM (SELECT DISTINCT t2.StudyName FROM dbo.table2 AS t2) AS x;

SET @sql = N'
WITH cte AS
(
    SELECT * FROM dbo.uvw_TestView WHERE idView = '001'
    UNION ALL
    SELECT a.* FROM dbo.uvw_TestView a INNER JOIN cte b ON a.ParentID = b.idView
SELECT * FROM
    (SELECT DISTINCT * FROM cte) ct
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT p.*, ' + STUFF(@columns, 1, 2, '') + '
    FROM
    (
        SELECT DISTINCT
            tb1.id1,
            tb1.name,
            tb2.dateStudy,
            tb2.StudyName
        FROM dbo.table1 AS tb1
        INNER JOIN dbo.table2 tb2 tb2
        ON tb1.id1 = tb2.id1
    ) AS j
    PIVOT
    (
      MIN(dateStudy) FOR StudyName IN ('
      + STUFF(REPLACE(@columns, ', [', ',['), 1, 1, '')
      + ')
    ) AS p) tbl ON tbl.id1 = ct.id1';
PRINT @sql;
EXEC sp_executesql @sql;

But get the error The column 'Math' was specified multiple times for 'tbl'.
I also tried with the date filter
SELECT @columns += N', ' + QUOTENAME(StudyName)
  FROM (SELECT DISTINCT t2.StudyName FROM dbo.table2 AS t2) AS x;

SET @sql = N'
WITH cte AS
(
    SELECT * FROM dbo.uvw_TestView WHERE idView = '001'
    UNION ALL
    SELECT a.* FROM dbo.uvw_TestView a INNER JOIN cte b ON a.ParentID = b.idView
SELECT * FROM
    (SELECT DISTINCT * FROM cte) ct
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT p.*, ' + STUFF(@columns, 1, 2, '') + '
    FROM
    (
        SELECT DISTINCT
            tb1.id1,
            tb1.name,
            tb2.dateStudy,
            tb2.StudyName
        FROM dbo.table1 AS tb1
        INNER JOIN dbo.table2 tb2 tb2
        ON tb1.id1 = tb2.id1
    ) AS j
    PIVOT
    (
      MIN(dateStudy) FOR StudyName IN ('
      + STUFF(REPLACE(@columns, ', [', ',['), 1, 1, '')
      + ')
    ) AS p) tbl ON tbl.id1 = ct.id1 where tbl.dateStudy BETWEEN ''' + @dtDate1 +''' AND ''' + @dtDate2;

and get the error String or binary data would be truncated.
So, how I resolve this error to get the result?

A: i see you have a PRINT @sql; statement. But did you take a look at the query ?
the error The column 'Math' was specified multiple times for 'tbl'. is due to this line
SELECT p.*, ' + STUFF(@columns, 1, 2, '') + '

your columns would contains the list of columns like [Chemistry], [Math] and p.* actually contains all column from the PIVOT result. So those pivot columns are duplicates
You can just do a SELECT * instead and it should be sufficient.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Mostly we talk about trivial things like fashion in this space. Not today. Instead I'd like to tell you about Sherry Bolen, a friend of mine whose eye is so well-trained that she can look at you from head to toe and notice practically everything about you. With her penetrating gaze, all is laid bare—the good, the bad, and the ugly. When I was in third grade, I figured it was because she was a Mom like mine, retrofitted with eyes in the back of her head at the birth of her first child.
By the time I grew up, I began to realize that her uncanny ability to size things up and cut to the chase of matters was possibly connected to something more exceptional than motherly intuition. It isn't just that she can spy the only loose thread on your dress; it almost seems to me that she can see the substance of the person within each body.
Her three children were lockstep in age with me and my siblings. We received our first religious education and many happy childhood memories as a result of her hospitality. While we were growing up with her kids, she fed us, overnighted us, and ran us all over the place, usually at the speed of lightning. Over the years we've known her, she has worked with my Dad and cried with my Mom over the various trials and heartaches they shared with loving and raising kids.
When I grew up, she became as much a friend as an alternate mother to me. She once guided me gently away from a terrible life choice, possibly because she dared to ask questions that even my parents wouldn't ask. For me, it was actually better than answering parental questions because she could bear up under the disappointing facts better than they could. At the time, we both found ourselves living away from many relatives and friends so we visited back and forth on weekends. She had a thoughtful mind that ran quick and deep, so there was never a dull moment. Neither of us had any extra money and we'd sit together doing common things like poring over catalogs, looking at clothes, a hobby I share with only one other person—my mother. I owe her more than I can estimate for her influence during those years.
At one point in her life, she made a lasting act of faith that, in my opinion, is on a par with the one made by Abraham and Sarah when they placed Isaac on the altar. I never felt she received the proper amount of reverence and honor she was due for that. But they don't often pass out awards for the righteous here on earth. I suppose she knew that she'd have to wait for that. Nevertheless, her courage will always serve as a source of strength and encouragement to me when I imagine what was required of her. If you multiply that by everyone she knows, that's one big avalanche of influence from a single life choice. I'll have to give that some thought the next time I lean too deeply into the idea that my life is nobody else's business.
When I received word that she had passed away this past weekend, my husband and I were in the car, headed toward a crowded event. Initially, I thought I might be able to compartmentalize this loss, as I do so many things in my life. But when we reached our destination and I planted my feet on the ground outside the car, nothing in the physical world seemed real to me. Was I really walking on pavement? As the fact of her death descended on me, I looked across the crowd of people and, weird and new-agey as it sounds, they looked less like people and more like spirits to me. All the world seemed so terribly fragile and temporary. And so it is.
Today my life is filled with a legion of friends and blessings that I wouldn't have or know because of her love, including her two daughters who are my oldest friends. I'm sad for their families and so many others like me who will miss her. But I do trust that if we follow the same path she did, we can look forward to seeing her all happy and bright, fitted in royal garments that are made by a very well-known Designer.
Farewell, my friend Sherry, lover of fine garments and quite a few broken people like me. It makes heaven seem more inviting, knowing you'll be there.
Crystal, this is a beautifully written tribute to your friend. I'm so sorry for your loss, and I'm praying for you. Love you, friend!
What can I say, my friend? I am so happy I checked FB this afternoon. What a lovely tribute, and I thank you from the bottom of my heart. I love you so much.
Crystal, your tribute moved me to tears as you so eloquently expressed the thoughts in my heart. Thank you.
Leave a reply on "A royal passage"