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Disha's partner Rohan can unravel mystery, provide him security: Nitish Rane
BJP MLA urges Union Home Minister Amit Shah to provide security to the actor
In a sensational twist to the mysterious suicide of Disha Salian, former manager of late Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Rajput, BJP MLA from Maharashtra Nitish Rane has shot off a letter to Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Wednesday, requesting him to immediately provide security to Disha's live-in partner Rohan Rai, a budding Bollywood actor.
In his letter, Nitish Rane has revealed that Rohan Rai has inside information about the mysterious death of Disha as he was present in the house when Sushant's former manager allegedly fell from the Mumbai high-rise.
Talking to IANS, Nitish Rane confirmed that he has urged the Union Home Minister to provide security to Rohan as he holds crucial information relating to the mysterious death of his live-in partner.
"Rohan is very scared of some powerful people. I spoke to him and discovered that due to some pressure, he is not able to disclose information about the mysterious circumstances which led to Disha's death. Rohan needs assurance and security so that he can shed light on the mystery which is also linked with the death of Sushant Singh Rajput," said Rane, a member of the Maharashtra legislative Assembly and son of former Chief Minister Narayan Rane.
The letter said that after the alleged suicide of Disha, Rohan Rai had fled Mumbai or may have have been pressurised to leave Mumbai to avoid any scrutiny.
"I assume he is scared to return to Mumbai where the case is being investigated. This may be due to some pressure from influential people," Rane adds in his letter.
According to Rane, Rohan is the most crucial witness in the Disha Salian death case, though Mumbai Police did not question him.
The BJP MLA said that the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) probing Sushant Singh Rajput's death case can record Rohan's statement once he is given adequate security.
"Both the mysterious deaths (of Disha and Sushant) are linked. Being a crucial witness, Rohan can now give an insight into the sequence of events which led to both the deaths. I am also ready to give my statement to the CBI relating to the alleged suicides," Rane said.
Disha (28), who used to work for a talent management company and handled Sushant Singh Rajput's account, died on June 9 after she allegedly jumped from the 14th floor residence of her fiance in Malad. Five days after Disha's death, Sushant allegedly died by suicide.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The proposals comprise alterations to the existing street frontage building (retail with residential above) to provide an additional storey, combined with a new-build block of 6 units (3 maisonettes and 3 single storey flats) to the rear. All properties have their own external private courtyard or terrace.
During the feasibility stage a preliminary outline development appraisal and recommendation for a (successful) pre-planning application reduced risk to the client, allowing them to proceed with confidence with a scheme that provided a greater number of units than anticipated in their original brief, with planning issues such as overlooking and privacy eliminated through design development.
Early consultation with the local Highcliffe Residents Association group secured their written support for the proposed scheme, contributing to a successful planning application in a relatively conservative area where opposition and objections to the proposals were anticipated by the client.
The treatment of the development to the rear of the site is to be as a Mews typology with an intimate, communal aspect. The materials for the new building are primarily light coloured masonry brick, with timber fencing elements and timber cladding to upper storeys.
Landscape treatment to the public realm provides a mews aesthetic with low-maintenance planting and materials chosen to reflect the seaside character of the town.
Sustainability measures are based on low energy, low maintenance, environmentally and socially sustainable solutions and the application of 'passive' design principles rather than reliance on overly technical (and potentially expensive) solutions.


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Denver Broncos 2019 Offseason Moves
July 12, 2019 4:09 pm | by Aaron Hubert | Posted In AFC West, Colorado Sports, Denver Broncos, NFL, Worldwide, Worldwide Sports
(Photo Credit: Broncos Wire - USA TODAY Sports)
With training camp and preseason slowly creeping up on us, I wanted to visit the Denver Broncos offseason departures and additions, as well as their potential impact to the team.
They lost some previous first-round draft picks, added some veteran talent, and landed some big-name free agents to help bolster both the offense and the secondary.
Offseason Departures
In the 2019 NFL offseason, the Broncos added some pieces and lost some pieces, as is tradition in the NFL. Especially for a team that won 6 games the previous year. Some key departures for this squad were incumbent starter at center Matt Paradis, who signed with the Panthers, Brandon Marshall, who signed with the Raiders, Case Keenum, who was traded to the Washington Redskins, Bradley Roby (Texans), Shane Ray (Ravens), Shaq Barrett (Tampa Bay), and Darian Stewart (FA).
The Paradis loss stings, but he wanted more money than the Broncos were willing to shell out, especially considering he's been often injured the last two seasons, ending 2018 with a broken leg.
You have to feel bad for Case Keenum. Led the Vikings to a Conference Championship, then is kicked to the Broncos to try and recapture that lightning in a bottle for a huge pay-day, and ultimately falls back to earth as a good journey-man quarterback.
The Brandon Marshall loss means very little, as he was losing healthy reps on defense to young Josey Jewell, which means that Marshall's contract was too big for his value, and he was on his way out. Darian Stewart was splitting time with Will Parks and Sua Cravens at the end of the season, all of whom weren't crazy effective, so his $9 million dollar cap-hit needed to be relieved.
Both Roby and Shane Ray had their shining moments as Broncos, but Shane's injury history made the money he was requesting not reasonable, and Roby's struggles last season, as a number CB2, left a ton to be desired. The biggest disappointment for me was the Shaq Barrett loss because he was representing my Alma Mater (Colorado State University) and he seemingly was always making plays even with minimal reps.
Major Free Agent Additions
QB Joe Flacco, CB Bryce Callahan, SS Kareem Jackson, and RT Jawaan James as well as a huge coaching change this offseason in which they brought in coach Vic Fangio, who led the Chicago Bears defense to a top-five rank last season. They also brought in coach Mike Munchak, who's known around the league as one of the best offensive line coaches in the league, and Offensive Coordinator Rich Scangarello who joins the Broncos after building the 49ers, with a backup, no-name quarterback, into a solid offensive unit.
Flacco will be the starter at quarterback this season, with no competition as stated by the Broncos Brass. Flacco is coming out of Baltimore, where he started the season on pace to have his best statistical season of his career, which was then derailed by injury and ultimately lead to him losing his job to Lamar Jackson.
Bryce Callahan re-joins Fangio from Chicago and fills a huge void at the second cornerback spot left by Bradley Roby.
The Broncos secondary has an opportunity to return to dominance with Justin Simmons, Chris Harris Jr., Bryce Callahan, Isaac Yiadom, Kareem Jackson and Will Parks. Kareem Jackson has the flexibility to be a nickel, defensive back, cornerback, or even one of the safety positions depending on where he's needed.
Finally, Juwaan James has a chance to solidify the revolving door that the Broncos have had at right tackle since the Peyton Manning days (Michael Schofield, Menelik Watson, Jason Veldheer, Donald Stephenson, Billy Turner).
These offseason moves, coupled with internal player development and another solid draft has the opportunity to get the Broncos back on the positive side of a .500 record.
Aaron Hubert


Richard "Rick" Thomas Cauley, age 73, of Mankato, died Thursday, April 11, 2019, at his home with his family by his side.
Visitation will be held from 4 to 8 PM, Tuesday, April 16, 2019, at Northview-North Mankato Mortuary. Mass of Christian Burial will be 10:30 AM, Wednesday, April 17, 2019, at St. John the Baptist Church in Mankato with visitation one hour prior. Burial with military honors will follow at Calvary Cemetery in Mankato. Please share a memory of Rick with his family at www.mankatomortuary.com.
Memorials are preferred to St. Jude Children's Hospital, 501 St. Jude Place, Memphis, TN 38105 or online at www.stjude.org/donate.
Rick was born April 12, 1945, in Graceville, Minnesota to Thomas and Dorothy (Reinhart) Cauley. He graduated from Graceville High School in 1963. On September 27, 1963, he enlisted with the United States Army to serve as a medical specialist during the Vietnam War. After being honorably discharged on June 26, 1970, Rick attended the St. Cloud School of Nursing, graduating in 1973. He was united in marriage to Stephanie (Steph) Schindler on February 15, 1974, at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Le Center, Minnesota. From 1977 to 1979, Rick studied at the Rochester State Hospital School of Anesthesia becoming a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA).
Rick was a beloved family man, adored by all. Rick and Steph started their family in Byron, Minnesota, in April 1977 when their first son, Shawn, was born. Their second son, Nicholas, was born in January 1980 in Hutchinson, Minnesota, where they lived from 1977 to 1985. The family moved to Mankato, Minnesota, in 1985, and in 1992 moved to the home where they have lived for the past 27 years. Rick loved the neighborhood and his many neighbors, new and old. Rick became a grandfather in May 2010 when his granddaughter, Harper, was born to Nicholas (Jessica) Cauley. He welcomed a grandson, Bennett, in June 2013, also born to Nicholas (Jessica) Cauley. He cherished his time spent with his grandkids and loved being a grandfather. Rick and Stephanie purchased a condo in Fort Myers, Florida, in 2017 where they planned to spend their winters in retirement. Rick hated the cold Minnesota winters and loved being in the sun and relaxing by the pool with Steph and his family.
Rick worked at St. Mary's in Rochester as a Registered Nurse (RN) from 1973 to 1977 and had the privilege to work in the world's first computerized intensive care unit. From 1977 to 1985 he worked as a CRNA at Hutchinson Community Hospital. Upon moving to Mankato in 1985, he continued work as a CRNA at Immanuel St. Joseph's Hospital until 1999 and Glencoe Regional Health Services until 2003. Looking for a change of pace and to be closer to home, Rick began working at the St. Peter Community Hospital until his retirement in 2011. In the latter stages of his career, Rick served as a locum at various hospitals and surgery centers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Rick was a treasured colleague making friends everywhere he went.
His many interests included horseracing, sports, gambling in Las Vegas, golfing, collecting gold and silver coins, and spending time with his family and friends, especially at their condo in Fort Myers, Florida. He will be remembered for his sense of humor, storytelling, quick wit, love of family and friends, and Caribou Coffee. He was a member of St. John the Baptist Church and VFW Post 950 in Mankato.
He is survived by his wife, Stephanie Cauley of Mankato; sons, Shawn of Mankato and Nicholas (Jessica) Cauley of Savage; grandchildren, Harper (8) and Bennett (5); siblings, Geraldine (Floyd) Behrens, Angeline (Roger) Nosbusch, Roger (Nancy) Cauley, and Thomas (Carol) Cauley; as well as many nieces, nephews, cousins and friends.
Rick was preceded in death by his parents, Thomas and Dorothy Cauley; step-father, Leonard Marihart, brother, Dennis Cauley; niece, Renee Cauley; nephew, Shane Cauley; and many other relatives.
The family would like to extend a special thank you to the wonderful caregivers that have aided Rick since being diagnosed with his first cancer in 1995. This includes the many doctors, nurses and staff from the Andreas Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Rochester, and Mayo Clinic Health System Mankato.
Steph and Family. When I saw you here at the hospital, I didn't know it was going to go like this. I remember Rick coming up to do an anesthesia IV start on a confused pt. Figured it was going to be a battle but, Rick jumped into his world, and carried on one bizarre conversation that was definitely out in left field. It was like no fuss--no muss! We laughed so flipping hard when it was all done. Rick is going to be missed and want you to know that I am sending my deepest sympathy to you all. Hugs and take care.
I had the pleasure of working with Rick during the years that his anesthesia group provided coverage at the hospital in Arlington, MN. Rick was a joy to work with. He provided skilled, compassionate care to his patients, and was a true friend to his co-workers. His relaxed demeanor and great sense of humor made work in the OR fun. His love for his family was obvious in the stories he would tell and the way that he would speak so fondly of all of you. I have great memories of the years that I worked with him. My deepest sympathy to all of you.
Steph , I am glad you called me.Rick was a great guy. I know you and the boys will miss him.
It was such a pleasure and blessing knowing Rick.
Steph: You and your family have my deepest sympathy. You are in my thoughts and prayers.
Steph, I am so glad you sent the notice of Rick,s death. I have thought of you both a lot over the years and wondered what you were up to etc. My thoughts are with you and your family at this difficult time. I am still in Rochester.


Marketing messages have drilled the oral hygiene – bad breath connection into our brains for decades. So much so that the idea is almost a cliché for marketing fear tactics in general. Corny lines like, "Romance Blows a Fuse When Bad Breath Muscles In," have helped toothpaste companies to rake in millions.
It is certainly true that the oral hygiene – bad breath connection is real. Up to a point, at least. Bad breath can come about in a number of ways. Some of these sit squarely in the oral hygiene camp. Others, not so much.
Oral hygiene products help keep your breath fresh, but could they mask deeper health issues?
The marketing mavens behind major oral hygiene products have made a strong case for the link between using their products and keeping breath fresh. Today, most people know that halitosis – another name for bad breath – can indeed arise from decaying food particles and stagnant saliva.
Bad breath can also be due to lingering aromas related to the foods we eat. Garlic and onions come immediately to mind. No one would argue that you ignore these symptoms. Regular brushing, flossing and rinsing remain the go-to hygiene practices for addressing these concerns.
However, bad breath may also be a sign of a problem that has little if anything to do with oral hygiene. When that's the case, turning to oral hygiene products alone may not get to the root of the issue.
The truth is, bad breath is sometimes a symptom of something other than poor oral hygiene. When that's the case, turning to these products may do nothing to address the true cause.
At times, bad breath may be related to gum disease. When that's the case, you need more than over the counter products to get back on the track to oral health. You need the help of your dentist.
Regular dental exams are important to help your dentist detect gum disease early. Seeing your dentist two times a year is the best way to avoid the dangers of gum disease.
Moreover, bad breath can be an early sign of other health conditions. For example, liver disease, kidney disease, and diabetes can all produce bad breath. In such cases, no amount of rinsing, brushing, or flossing is going to help solve the real problem.
Seeing your dentist on a regular basis can help ensure these potential causes of bad breath aren't simply masked by the use of oral hygiene products. Regular professional cleanings help remove plaque, calculus and biofilm. This can dramatically decrease your risk of developing oral health issues.
Dental insurance usually includes two checkups a year.
However, there is another benefit to regular dental check-ups. Dentists perform many types of exams that help them assess the whole health of their patients. So, seeing your dentist twice a year means they are able to catch problems your primary care physician will want to know about.
Few people see their primary care physicians as frequently as people with dental insurance see their dentists. For the price of just pennies a day, dental insurance usually includes two checkups a year. However, the benefits – in many cases – go far beyond keeping your teeth healthy and your breath fresh.
Thank you for the information! Bad breath is a quite common problem and it can cause many other diseases. It decreases the self-confidence of a person which could lead to depression. I do agree that there is a connection between oral hygiene and bad breath. So, good habits regarding oral hygiene should be adopted.


Tutto Italia is closed for refurbishment until the end of April, 2012. When it re-opens, guests will find new carpet, lighting, furniture, and decor. Plus, there will be the new Gusto Wine Bar for your sipping pleasure!
Kouzzina, a Boardwalk Resort, specializes in Mediterranean-style cuisine by Celebrity Chef, Cat Cora. The lobby shelves are even filled with her family photos! Your table-service credit goes far here when you order the Wood-Grilled Steak with its $34 price tag. And the extremely welcoming staff makes the value even better!
For dessert, we're recommending the Baklava — a walnut and cinnamon pastry accompanied by pistachio gelato ($9.49).
Underneath twilight lighting inside the pyramid of Epcot's Mexico pavilion, San Angel Inn provides a fun place to dine for a romantic meal or a family dinner.
Sample the cuisine by ordering the Traditional Mexican Dinner ($34), then savor a delicious dessert priced $7-8.
After your meal, try on a sombrero at the indoor village!
Attentive service and delicious French cuisine can be found in a cozy corner of Epcot's France pavilion at Les Chefs de France. We love the window tables for a true Parisian experience.
And if you time your visit just right, you'll be entertained by the adorable Chef Remy.
On recent visits, the entrees have been consistently delectable and the desserts absolutely divine!
Upon arrival, you'll be greeted with an oven-fresh baguette! Price-wise, dinner entrees run between $26-$35, and desserts all run over $7 each. You'll get the best trade-in value with your dining plan credit when ordering the Grilled Tenderloin of Beef ($35).
The eats at this restaurant can really stretch your vacation budget. If you have kids that are begging to dine with the audio-animatronic animals, Rainforest Cafe is a great choice for your table-service dining credit.
Seafood lovers and landlubbers will find plenty of entree choices! Out-of-pockets guests will pay about $38 for the Primal Steak with Coconut Shrimp making this a great value for your table-service credit! With two locations (Downtown Disney Marketplace and Animal Kingdom), it's easy to work this restaurant into your itinerary.
For dessert, try the Tribal Cheesecake (an $8 value)!
Dining at the dinner buffets at Cape May Cafe, 1900 Park Fare, Chef Mickey's, and Akershus Royal Banquet Hall are a great use of your table-service credits.
Sit-down meals at Whispering Canyon Cafe, Coral Reef, and Le Cellier (lunch only) should also be on your radar when seeking out the best values for your Disney Dining Plan credits.
What would your picks be for getting the most out of your DDP one-credit meals? Looking forward to hearing from you in the comments section below! You can see our 2011 picks here!
*For purposes of comparison, the standard dining plan will cost adults $51.54 per night per adult (ages 10 and up) and $15.02 per night per child (3-9) during value and regular seasons. The same plan will cost adults $53.54 per night, and kids $16.02 per night during peak season.
For more of our favorites, check out our Best Disney World Restaurants series! For more Disney Dining Plan details, check out our Disney Dining Plan Pages.
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but they all look like great deals, especially tuttio italia!
Rainforest Cafe didn't used to be on the dining plan. When did that change? I don't suppose the T-Rex Cafe is on the dining plan now too, is it? Since it's owned by the same company that owns Rainforest Cafe.
Some of the dinner buffets might be in this range too. Allears lists the price of Akershus at $44, that might include the peak surcharge.
Kelly: T-Rex is a 1 credit in 2012. Everything except for the Swan Dolphin restaurants seems to be on the plan now.
@Jenny T-Rex Cafe is included. They added a bunch of previously not included restaurants as of 2012 including Fultons Crab House, Wolfgang Puck Dining Room, Bistro de Paris, Rainforest Cafe, T-Rex Cafe, Bongos Cuban Cafe,Crossroads at House of Blues, Portobello Yacht Club and Paradiso 37, not mention a hand full of quick service places.
My wife and I have eaten at all of these multiple times. I have never looked into the dining plan, and I am shocked that some of these are only one credit (that explains why we always could get last minute seating and now we can't). Anyway, the only one that I would not go out of my way for is Rainforest. My son turns 4 next week and, although we have taken him in the lobby, we have always been able to avoid eating there by telling him, in our opinions, that the food is not very good and it is really expensive. Akershus, Whispering Canyon, Coral Reef, or Le C! are all much better choices. Once again, I don't know anything about the dining plan, but with this list I would imagine that Restaurant Marrakesh is one credit as well and should be on everyone's 'to-eat' list also if you are around EPCOT.
is Teppan Edo on there now too?
I have to say without a doubt one of my most memorable meals was at Norway…..with the princesses.
Yes, I am childless 30 year old…..but I had a great time meeting the princesses (and asking them questions about how their prince is doing).
Now onto the more important part, the food.
This was (IMO) a great value b/c you get a complete meal….and it isnt a buffet (except for the appetizer). The fishes were tasty, my particular favorite was the peppery salmon. And being a NY Metro gal, I love a good lox with capers/onions/egg. was EXCELLENT! The other salady stuff was delish, from the pickled beets to this tortellini salad. Everything was good.
The only 'complaint' was that the food came out too quickly. Other then that, complimentary photos that are added onto our photopass…it was a good deal. Which isnt included in the price if paying out of pocket.
The per person price isnt what you would end up paying for out of pocket. Because our fancy Voss water would have been extra, and we got an extra set of photos. We saved just about $400 for the six of us on that dinner.
Being a bit of a food fanatic, I really loved Disney back in the early 2000s. The restaurants were individual, authentic and really delivered great meals. They had their own character, often driven by the chefs, and it promoted a creativity and a level of service that was truly special. IMHO, the dining plan has just about ruined all of that, and Disney as a "foodie" destination. The menus have steadily become more limited and homogenized around the parks, and the meals are clearly more tailored towards the tastes of the masses. They now approach dining with more of an industrial cafeteria style approach, focused on getting you in and out as quickly as possible. Meanwhile, out of pocket dining costs have skyrocketed. Personally, I think this is a direct result of Disney's push to promote use of the dining plan, and correspondingly to promote vacation packages at onsite resorts by often including a dining plan in pricing. Maybe it works for some people, but I personally think what they offer now is a shadow of what they were doing 10 years ago, and as I really like to enjoy nice meals with my (large) family on vacation, we find ourselves going to Disney less and less often as a result. Luckily, the Orlando area has some fantastic non-Disney dining options that can be enjoyed for a fraction of some of these "signature" destinations.
now that Portobello is on the plan, it's definitely one of your best 1ts choices…@Jason, Le Cellier is now signature dining, and is 2 ts credits…and not worth 2.
Tutto is definitely the biggest value for a TS, and Kouzzina is excellent –for breakfast as well!
Forget the value, you need to go to Kouzzina because the food is fantastic there. It is currently the only must-do for us on every trip because the whole family loves it.
Mark D – couldn't agree more. Kouzzina has been given some pretty unkind reviews on some of the more popular Disney boards, so when we all went there last summer, I was not expecting much. As it turns out, it was one of our favorite meals of the trip. Generous, well prepared, authentic food, a great atmosphere and (always a hit with me) some terrific a fairly priced wine flights. Absolutely loved it. We went back there for Breakfast when we went to Food & Wine last October, and that was excellent too. All I can assume is that whoever is leaving those reviews is wholly unfamiliar with authentic Mediterranean cuisine and just doesn't like the style.
We're going back for another big family trip this summer (before our annual passes run out), and we've got another big meal here circled in red on the calendar.
OHana is also a great value on the dining plan. With taxes and tip, the meal runs close to $40 per person out of pocket, which is just slightly less than the dining plan cost per day. The food is delicious, and PLENTIFUL!!
Love Kouzzina and Chefs de France. I would add Grand Floridian Cafe and remove Rainforest Cafe (quality issues). Sanaa is an honorable mention, for me.
Also, if you take the DDP and just try to milk it for all it's worth, you might be disappointed overall. If it fits with your dining style, do it. But if you take it just to see how much you can get out of it, you would be better off without the plan and eating your way.
Oh, and if Kouzzina isn't your thing, maybe consider Raglan Road? Another good honorable mention.
Loved Kouzinna a couple of weeks ago! I had the pork Oak fired pork tenderloin and it was amazing. One of the best meals I've ever had at WDW.
LOVE Le Cellier and I think using table service for lunch is a great way to take midday break and maybe not have to rush to an evening show that night. Kouzinna is on my list–I haven't had great experiences at celebrity chef restaurants but this one sounds like a winner! I also think Raglan Road and 50s Primetime Cafe are worthy of a mention. Great food for the money.
Les Chefs de France, 1900 Park Fair, Cape May Cafe and Whispering Canyon are on my list for this year.
Fultons Crab House, Wolfgang Puck Dining Room, and Bistro de Paris are 2 credits. Le Cellier is 2 credits at dinner only.
Teppan Edo for sure! It was an amazing meal, with a little show included. After filling up on all the meat, veggies, noodles, and amazing desserts, I suddenly felt like I couldn't even attempt to go down the steep stairs, and would much rather have been rolled back to ground level. It's a must-do on the Holland Family list for each trip.
A one credit value, to me, must be near signature meal in quality. It doesn't necessarily have to be in the park. It must be unique in it's offerings and try to do something special. For that reason I'm seconding Kouzzina which wins on all accounts for me.
First, it's unique in WDW. When you go to Kouzzina you are getting a cuisine, greek, that you cannot find at any other WDW establishment. Many places offer steak, none offer it cooked and served with Satlsa. You can get fish at other places, but not whole fish. Every place offers chicken, but not cinnamon chicken. And to my mind other than feta you can't get the cheeses they offer there as well. Kasseri Cheese? This is the only place.
Next, it's Disney trying to do something they have never really done: they brought in a celebrity chef and let her post the restaurant among her flagships. The only other "celebrity" chef is Wolfgang Puck, and to be honest his place in Downtown Disney feels like it's one among many. Kouzzina definitely isn't. Her website lists it first among all of her other places, so you know that her fingerprints are active and all over it if she's funneling her fans there.
Finally, though it's different and therefore not for everyone, it's just plain good food. Period.
Kim, you're spot on with your picks. Tutto Italia is a great bargain. I hope the rehab doesn't bring a menu change. It is nice that the Rainforest is now on the dining plan.
Did I just read the new dining plan brochure for 2013 correctly? It now lists LeCellier for lunch as 2 table service credits! Anyone know if this is true?
Danica — Looks like it based on the brochure! I haven't heard anything official about it yet besides that. We'll have an update tomorrow with our 2013 Dining Plan overview post.
Help, I am going in Feb of 2013 and it looks like tons of resturants have now been removed from the dining plan. I was really looking foward to going to downtown disney but now it looks like we are limited to where we can eat at. We already purchased the delux dining plan…Also not sure if the snack point values on items are changing as well?!?
Ellie — Many of the non-Disney-owned restaurants will not confirm with Disney until the end of December. Most of them, if not all, will still be on the dining plan next year. Not to worry — this happens every year.
Our best meal, best service, was at Teppan Edo. We were celebrating my son's birthday and the chef was just amazing. The food was wonderful. Definately want to go back.
If you are a family of 4 on the Dining Plan, who want to eat at Rainforest Cafe, is it possible to order just 2 meals to share and only use 2 of your dining credits instead of ordering 4 big meals that no one can finish and waste 2 credits?
Jennie — I believe you'd be able to do this, but there may be a plate-sharing additional cost. I'll double check with Erin and Kim, our DDP gurus!
We would add The Wave at the Contemporary Resort to the list. Our family went here in December 2012 and I loved it. It is one credit – I had the filet!
If you go to Kouzzina skip the baklava & get the galaktaboueko for dessert! It is the best custard you will ever have, you can get baklava anywhere.
Sanaa! Don't forget Sanaa. It was our first meal at Walt Disney World, and now it's our tradition every year. Delicious food in a warm atmosphere with a view of the savannah — It can't be beat.
Also, we recently visited Liberty Tree Tavern in Magic Kingdom — best lunch we've had in 3 visits to WDW.
In the past, we always purchased the meal plan which provided enough points for 2 sit down meals per day plus the other extras.
Now that were retired with less cash to burn, should we consider skipping the plan and just go with the discounts included when you purchase the Disney Gold Annual pass? I can purchase the gold as I am a DVC member but my bf would need to purchase the Platinum pas as we are not married nor do live at the same address.
Maureen, you'll probably want to work the numbers to see which path saves you more money. Try pricing out a couple of meals you might want to enjoy and see how it goes. Good luck!


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/ sport
Inaugural women's U20 competition drives football development
PORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA — Since 2002, there has been six COSAFA Women's Championships hosted, each providing excitement and showcasing the quality of talent in the Southern Africa region. Ahead of the seventh instalment to be staged in Port Elizabeth from July 31-August 11, we take a look back at the history of the competition over the last 17 years.
2002 COSAFA WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIP
The inaugural COSAFA Women's Championship was staged in Zimbabwe from April 19-28, 2002, and was to feature nine teams before Mauritius withdrew. South Africa and hosts Zimbabwe were always going to be favourites as they also met in the final. But before then both had persevered through their pools to make the semi-finals. Zimbabwe topped Group A as they claimed a record 15-0 victory over Lesotho to go with a win against Zambia (4-0) and Malawi (6-0).
Lelona Daweti of South Africa celebrates goal with teammates during the 2018 AUSC Region 5 Women Under 20 match between South Africa and Zimbabwe at University of Botswana, Botswana on 13 December 2018 ©Samuel Shivambu/BackpagePix
The Zambians managed to fill the runners-up spot. South Africa were even more emphatic in their pool stage campaign as they claimed victories over Botswana (14-0), a game in which Veronica Phewe scored eight goals, Mozambique (13-0) and Swaziland (4-0). Mozambique picked up the runners-up position in Group B.Zimbabwe made short work of Mozambique in their semifinal with an 11-1 victory, while South Africa had it much tougher with a 3-1 success against Zambia in the other semi. That culminated into a final at the Rufaro Stadium that was won 2-1 by South Africa thanks to goals from Phewe and Portia Modise.
Zambia took the bronze medal when Julia Siame scored the only goal as they beat Mozambique 1-0 in the third-place play-off.
South Africa retained their title at the second COSAFA Women's Championship played in Zambia. Again there were originally nine entrants, but when Mozambique withdrew the field was cut to eight, though it was still played with three groups. Zambia and Namibia qualified for the semifinals from Group A as they both managed four points. They opened their campaign with a 2-2 draw against one another, before Zambia beat Swaziland 7-0and Namibia managed a 6-0 win against the Swazis.
In Group B, South Africa won both of their matches as they defeated Lesotho (9-0) and Malawi (3-0) to top the pool.
Phewe and Modise were among the scorers as well as Joanne Solomon who managed a hat-trick in the first game.
With Mozambique out, Group C was reduced to two teams, so Zimbabwe and Angola essentially played over two legs, with the Zimbabweans winning 3-1 and 1-0 to advance as pool winners.
Van Dyk and Rust win the 2019 Road to Dakar
Visser and Herselman victorious after tricky Toyota Desert Race


text:
Bodo Erich Werner Schaff (* 1948 in Trier-Ehrang) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Diplomat.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur an der Stormarnschule in Ahrensburg absolvierte Schaff ein Studium der Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Freien Universität Berlin und schloss dort 1985 seine Promotion mit einer Dissertation zum Thema Geldmarktfähige Depositenzertifikate – eine einzelwirtschaftliche Analyse der CD-Märkte in den USA und in London ab.

Im Anschluss trat er in den Auswärtigen Dienst ein und fand nach Abschluss der Laufbahnprüfung für den höheren Dienst Verwendung an verschiedenen Auslandsvertretungen sowie in der Zentrale des Auswärtigen Amtes.  Im Juli 2003 wurde er Botschaftsrat Leiter der Kulturabteilung der Botschaft in Südafrika. 2009 war er als Botschaftsrat an der Botschaft in Guatemala tätig und organisierte in dieser Funktion unter anderem eine Reise des SPD-Bundestagsmitglieds Frank Schwabe mit.

2010 war Schaff Nachfolger von Ilse Lindemann-Macha Botschafter in Liberia. In dieser Funktion unterzeichnete er gemeinsam mit dem Finanzminister Liberias, Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan, im Februar 2011 ein Umschuldungsabkommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik und Liberia. Im Mai 2011 erfolgte die Organisation einer Besuchsreise von Bundesministers für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Dirk Niebel, der von Bundestagsmitgliedern und Vertretern der deutschen Bauwirtschaft begleitet wurde. Im September 2013 ging er als Botschafter in Liberia in den Ruhestand und wurde anschließend von Ralph Timmermann abgelöst, der zuvor Ständiger Vertreter des Botschafters in den Philippinen war.

Seine Erfahrungen aus seiner diplomatischen Arbeit wie zuletzt in Liberia stellt er in Vorträgen dar.

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher Botschafter in Liberia
Deutscher
Geboren 1948
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lisa Kron hosting the Sixth Annual Lilly Awards in 2015
Elizabeth S. Kron
Actress, playwright
Madeleine George
www.lisakron.org
Elizabeth S. "Lisa" Kron (born May 20, 1961) is an American actress and playwright. She is best known for writing the lyrics and book to the musical Fun Home for which she won both the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical. Fun Home was also awarded the Tony Award for Best Musical in 2015 and the 2014 Obie Award for writing for musical theater.[1]
2 Major works
3 Career in theatre
5 Selected theatre performances
6 Selected works
7 Selected anthologies
8 Articles written
9 Audiobooks
10 Awards and fellowships
10.1 2.5 Minute Ride
10.2 Well
10.3 Fun Home
10.4 Other
11 Awards nominated
11.1 101 Humiliating Stories
12 Television and film performances
13 Quotes
Early life[edit]
Kron was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She jokes in one of her plays that her life began on her parents' trip to Europe: "I was conceived in Venice, you know. (Well, not actually in Venice, but in the nearby town of Mestra where hotels are a lot cheaper.)"[2]
Her mother is Ann Kron, born in 1932. Ann is a former antiques dealer and community activist. In the 1960s she founded the Westside Neighborhood Organization in Lansing, Michigan. In a time when neighborhood segregation was the norm, the WNO helped to bring people from diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds together. Ann converted to Judaism when she married Lisa's father.[3]
Her father is Walter Kron, a retired lawyer born in Germany in 1922. He was born to a Jewish family, and is a Holocaust survivor. In 1937 as the Nazi persecution of the Jews escalated, his parents sent him out of Germany via the Kindertransport program. He went back to Germany after World War II, serving as a US army interrogator of Nazi war criminals. In the 1990s Kron and her father visited Auschwitz, where he believed his parents were murdered by the Nazis in the 1940s. She later found out that her father's parents were actually killed in Chelmno.
Her brother is David Kron, born in 1963. He is a sound engineer and is married with a son. He says of his sister: "She is very funny, with a very sharp wit...And she always had her own way of looking at things."[4]
In her play Well Kron says that she felt like an outsider even in her own family because she, her parents and her brother David were the only Jews. Her maternal family is Christian and none of her Jewish paternal family survived the Holocaust. Her play 2.5 Minute Ride describes this contradiction as she recalls her mother asking her to come home for the holidays: "...she asks me every year, 'Are you going to make it home for Christmas this year?' And I say ' I don't come home for Christmas Mom. I have never come home for Christmas. We are not Christians. Stop trying to trick me!"[5]
Kron's family moved to Lansing, Michigan in 1965. One of the main story lines in her play Well recounts her experiences attending a predominantly African American elementary school in that city. Kron's parents sent her to the school in an effort to help integrate it. Lansing began mandatory racial integration in its schools three years later.
Kron became interested in theatre at an early age. She traces her acting roots to the Purim plays that she performed as a child at her synagogue in Lansing. In junior high she was determined to be the funniest girl that people knew. "Her avenue for that was telling humorous stories, something that everyone in her family did…"[6]
She graduated from Everett High School as a valedictorian in 1979. In her senior year she attended special theater classes at Lansing School District's Academic Interest Center. An early mentor was her theater teacher at the Center, the late Robert L. Burpee.
She attended Kalamazoo College, where she majored in theatre. At Kalamazoo College theater professor Lowry Marshall mentored her and helped her land a role with a national touring theater company.[6]
She furthered her studies at Chautauqua Professional Actors Studio and the British European Studies Group in London.
Major works[edit]
Kron's major works to date are 2.5 Minute Ride, Well, and Fun Home. The first two are critically acclaimed autobiographical plays, and the third a critically acclaimed biographical musical. 2.5 Minute Ride blends a trip she took with her father Walter to Auschwitz, the scene of his parents' extermination by the Nazis and her family's annual trip to an amusement park in Ohio. Kron says in the introduction to her play: "Humor and horror are juxtaposed and you might not know for a second whether you are at Auschwitz or at the amusement park. The show does not tell you when to laugh and when to be solemn. The response is up to you."[7]
The play recounts her father's remarkable experiences: "When my father… heard that his parents had been sent to Auschwitz, he immediately tried to order a ham sandwich, to distance himself from Judaism. But he couldn't. He'd say to the waitress, 'Um . . . tuna fish.' "[8] Kron also reflects on looking at a poem on exhibit during their trip to Auschwitz: "I repeat the words that have undone me.' People burn people here.' "[9] One of the most memorable scenes in the play is when her father tells her about the death of her grandparents at Auschwitz:
…I don't think I accepted it until a few years ago, in Lansing. It was the winter and it was so cold and I was shivering…And I realized this would only happen to them once. They were old and they stood outside, lined up in the cold and they were of no use to anyone and they were killed…[10]
Well explores her mother Ann's experiences with social activism and illness, The play uses physical illness as a metaphor for social "illnesses" such as racism. Kron's description of Well: "A multicharacter theatrical exploration of issues of health and illness both in the individual and in a community."[11] Kron describes her mother:
My mother is a fantastically energetic person trapped in an utterly exhausted body…when she has a burst of energy it's awe inspiring. For instance, when we were very young she decided she wanted my brother and me to be raised in a racially integrated neighborhood, and then she set about to create one.[12]
Fun Home (2013) was Kron's first musical and first work based on an existing work by another artist. Alison Bechdel's acclaimed graphic novel/memoir Fun Home serves as the basis for the musical. Kron wrote the book and lyrics, and Tony-nominated composer Jeanine Tesori wrote the score. It looks at the experience of cartoonist Bechdel growing up in small-town Pennsylvania as the not-yet-out lesbian daughter of a closeted gay man. All of Kron's previous works have been based on her own experiences. She discussed the process of adapting another person's work in an interview for GLAAD.[13]
The thing about adaptation is you have to re-originate a thing. You can't just say, "This is a musicalized version of this graphic novel." It has to have its own originating impulse, so that you feel like the experience you are having is the primary experience. And at the same time, you don't feel like you're watching a different thing, that whatever the effect of the book was, you'll feel like it's represented.
All three works have been very well received, 2.5 Minute Ride, directed by Mark Brokaw, won an Obie award among others. Well was anthologized in Best Plays of 2003-2004, listed among the year's best plays by the New York Times and received two Tony Award nominations. Ben Brantley says of 2.5 Minute Ride: "(it)… puts Ms. Kron on a level with sterling monologists like Spalding Gray, autobiographers who combine novelistic complexity with stage-smart impudence."[14] Michael Sommers says of Well: "Truly a beautiful play in many ways, Well paints a mother-and-daughter picture of rich, unusual artistry."[15] Of Kron's recent work, Fun Home, The New York Times' Ben Brantley said it is "a beautiful heartbreaker of a musical," and that "Ms. Kron has already established herself as a vibrant family memoirist with her plays 2.5 Minute Ride and Well, and her book and resonantly precise lyrics give this show its essential spine."[16]
The first college performance of Well occurred in the winter of 2008 at Kalamazoo College, Kron's alma mater. It starred a group of students as well as local professional actress Sharon Williams. Kron traveled to Kalamazoo for the week of the run, participating in "Lisa Kron Week in Kalamazoo" which, besides Well, included a performance of the Five Lesbian Brothers' "The Secretaries" as well as a public reading in which she read excerpts from all three of her works in addition to one of the pieces she is currently working on.
The world premiere of Kron's play In the Wake opened at the Kirk Douglas Theatre in Los Angeles on March 28, 2010. Leigh Silverman (who also directed Well) directed. The play is about a family gathering set just after the presidential election of 2000. The main protagonist Ellen deals with the political turmoil as well as upheaval in her personal life. Charlotte Stoudt describes In the Wake: "Kron's comedy of deprecation and provocative social critique is part Sedaris, part Kushner, yet utterly her own."[17]
Career in theatre[edit]
Kron's works are humorous and poignant looks at life by someone who has often described herself an outsider. Her experiences as a Jewish woman living in a predominantly Christian Midwestern city or life as a lesbian working in traditional theatre provide rich material for her plays. Her reflections from the outside looking in are insightful but not bitter. The critic Ben Brantley says of her: "…there is never condescension in her humor. It is simply a crucial part of her navigational equipment in finding her way through life's absurd course of non sequiturs."[14]
She describes her creative process in her usual humorous and self-deprecating way: "I wish I had more of a technique for constructing these things. I keep banging my head against the wall until it pops through on the other side…"[18]
She arrived in New York City in 1984. She worked as an office temp and various other jobs while pursuing an acting career. Some of her adventures during her early days in New York are chronicled in her play 101 Humiliating Stories. She was soon performing at the WOW Cafe, a creative venue for women in the performing arts in the East Village, Manhattan.
In 1989 Kron, Maureen Angelos, Dominique Dibbell, Peg Healey and Babs Davy founded the theater company The Five Lesbian Brothers. The group writes and performs witty satiric works from a feminist and lesbian perspective. "Five Lesbian Brothers was chosen, in part, to refute the perception of lesbian theatre as combative and didactic."[19] Their plays have been produced by the New York Theatre Workshop, the Joseph Papp Public Theater, the WOW Cafe Theatre and others. The Brothers have also toured all over the United States. The Brothers have won the Obie Award as well as other awards and have published The Five Lesbian Brothers' Guide to Life[20] and Five Lesbian Brothers Four Plays.[21]
Kron developed stories about her family into autobiographical plays and performed them in New York and London. Her work was critically well received. New York Times critic Ben Brantley said in his review: "…Fans of that beleaguered literary form, the memoir, can breathe a little more easily this morning. Kron's sparkling autobiographical play Well has arrived on Broadway…to restore the honor of a genre that was slipping into disgrace...[22] Well opened on Broadway March 10, 2006, to critical acclaim and received two Tony nominations. Kron was nominated for Actress in a Play and Jayne Houdyshell was nominated for Featured Actress in a Play. In spite of good reviews, Well had low attendance and closed on May 14, 2006. It has since been performed in Boston in 2007.
While Kron's musical Fun Home was having its premiere run at The Public Theater, Kron was simultaneously performing in a production of Good Person of Szechwan at the same theater. Kron's unusual experience of working on the final touches of one play as a writer while rehearsing to act in another was discussed in a New York Times article "A Quick Trip From Playwright to Player, Lisa Kron Juggles Two Shows at Public Theater."[23]
Kron received the 27th Annual Kleban Prize in 2017 for the most promising musical theatre librettist; the award includes a $100,000 prize.[24]
Kron has lived in New York City since 1984 and is a full-time actress. She also teaches playwriting part-time at Yale University and New York University. She is married to fellow Pulitzer Prize-nominated playwright Madeleine George.[25][26]
Selected theatre performances[edit]
All My Hopes and Dreams Performance Space 122 New York 1989-91
Voyage to Lesbos WOW Café New York 1990
Brave Smiles WOW Café New York 1991
Facing Life's Problems Performance Space 122 New York 1991
101 Humiliating Stories Performance Space 122; Serious Fun! at Lincoln Center New York 1993-95
The Secretaries Theatre Rhinoceros, New York Theatre Workshop 1994
Brides of the Moon Theatre Rhinoceros, New York Theatre Workshop 1996
2.5 Minute Ride La Jolla Playhouse, (premiere)1996
2.5 Minute Ride The Barbican Theatre London, 1998
2.5 Minute Ride American Repertory Theatre, Boston, 1998
2.5 Minute Ride Joseph Papp Public Theater, New York City, 1999
Well Public Theater, New York City, Spring 2004
Well Longacre Theater on Broadway, New York City 2006
2.5 Minute Ride Anchorage 2006
Well The Huntington Theatre Boston 2007
Spain MCC Theater New York City October 2007
Time is the Mercy of Eternity West End Theater New York City April 2008
In the Wake Berkeley Repertory Theatre, (premiere) May 2010
Fun Home The Public Theater New York City, (premiere) October 2013
Fun Home Circle in the Square Theatre, New York City, 2015
Selected works[edit]
The Five Lesbian Brothers' Guide to Life by the Five Lesbian Brothers, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. ISBN 978-0-684-81384-4
Oedipus at Palm Springs – a "Five Lesbian Brothers play" with Maureen Angelos, Dominique Dibbell and Peg Healey (2010). Samuel French. ISBN 978-0-573-69702-9
2.5 Minute Ride and 101 Humiliating Stories, New York : Theatre Communications Group, 2001. ISBN 978-1-55936-181-1
Voyage to Lesbos in Five Lesbian Brothers Four Plays, New York : Theatre Communications Group, 2000. ISBN 1-55936-166-2
Well, New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2006. ISBN 978-1-55936-253-5
Selected anthologies[edit]
Brave Smiles by the Five Lesbian Brothers, The Actor's Book of Gay and Lesbian Plays, Eric Lane and Nina Shengold, eds. New York: Penguin, 1995 ISBN 978-0-14-024552-3
Cast Out: Queer Lives In Theater Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press 2006 ISBN 978-0-472-09933-7
Extreme Exposure: An Anthology of Solo Performance Texts from the Twentieth Century New York: Theatre Communications Group 2000 ISBN 1-55936-155-7
Out Of Character: Rants, Raves, And Monologues From Today's Top Performance Artists New York : Bantam Books 1997 ISBN 0-553-37485-0, ISBN 978-0-553-37485-8
2.5 Minute Ride in Talk to Me: Monologue Plays New York : Vintage Books 2004 ISBN 978-1-4000-7615-4
Voyage to Lesbos in Five Lesbian Brothers Four Plays New York : Theatre Communications Group, 2000 ISBN 1-55936-166-2
Well in The Best Plays Theater Yearbook 2003-2004 New York : Limelight Editions, c2005. ISBN 978-0-87910-315-6
Articles written[edit]
"Lithe I'm Not. And Trained I'm Not. But I Danced." [1]New York Times, December 12, 1999.
Audiobooks[edit]
2.5 Minute Ride [ABRIDGED] (Audio CD) New Millennium Audio; Abridged edition 2001 ISBN 978-1-931056-25-0
Awards and fellowships[edit]
2.5 Minute Ride[edit]
Los Angeles Dramalogue Award
Obie Award
2000 GLAAD Media Award
Well[edit]
Listed among the year's best plays by the New York Times, the Associated Press, the Newark Star Ledger, Backstage and the Advocate
Part of the 2004 Sundance Institute Theatre Lab
Fun Home[edit]
2014 Pulitzer Prize finalist for Fun Home
2014 Obie Award for Fun Home
2015 Tony Award for Best Original Score (shared with Jeanine Tesori, making them the first female writing team to win that award[27])
2015 Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical
1993 New York Dance and Performance Award Bessie Awards with The Five Lesbian Brothers
1994 Robert Chesley Gay and Lesbian Playwriting Award
1994 New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship in playwriting
1995 Obie Award for The Secretaries with The Five Lesbian Brothers
1997 Cal Arts/Alpert Award
2000 Creative Capital Foundation Grant
2000 NEA/TCG Theatre Residency Program for Playwrights
2000 NEA/TCG playwriting fellowship
2003 Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award, Kalamazoo College
2004 New York Foundation for the Arts grant
2005 Guggenheim Fellowship
2007 The Lucille Lortel Foundation Playwrighting Fellowship
2008 Chosen to participate in the 2008 Sundance Institute Theatre Lab
2008 Lark Play Development Center Fellowship
2011 Lilly Award for In the Wake
2017 Edward Kleban Prize for most promising musical theatre librettist[24]
Awards nominated[edit]
101 Humiliating Stories[edit]
Drama Desk nomination in solo performance
Outer Critics Circle Award
L.A. Drama-Logue Award
Outer Critics Circle nomination in solo performance
1999 New York Press Award for Best Autobiographical Solo Show
Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play
Tony Award for Best Best Featured Actress in a Play
2004 Drama League Nomination
2004 Outer Critics Circle Best Play nomination
1994 Nomination for Drama Desk Award in Solo Performance
Television and film performances[edit]
Cater-Waiter 1996
Law & Order: "Atonement" 1996 CSU Warren
Law & Order: "Trophy" 1996 CSU Warren
Law & Order: "Disciple" 1999 CSU Technician Andrews
Strong Medicine: "Family History" 2002 Nooch
Stay 2005 Paramedic #2
Deception 2008 Receptionist
Sex and the City 2008 Junior's Waitress
Quotes[edit]
"Bizarre Murder!! Lesbian Forces Blind Holocaust Victim on Roller Coaster!" - 2.5 Minute Ride And 101 Humiliating Stories
"…Judaism, you know, is viewed in the Midwest as kind of an accessory that you wear on top of your Christianity." - Well
"I come from a family with a deep distrust of the body. I believe my family would have their bodies surgically removed from their heads if they could figure out a way to still get to the mall." - "Lithe I'm Not. And Trained I'm Not. But I Danced."
^ The Obie Awards, 2014 Winners.
^ Kron, 2.5 Minute Ride p.21
^ http://jewishjournal.com/blogs/the_ticket/216245/grief-challenges-lead-way-home-playwright-lisa-kron/
^ Hughes
^ Kron, 2.5 Minute Ride p. 10-11
^ a b Miller
^ Kron, 2.5 Minute Ride p. xiv
^ Drukman
^ Kron, 2.5 Minute Ride p. 24
^ Kron, Well p. 12
^ Luk, Summer. "e-mail icon Fun Home: a talk with playwright and actor Lisa Kron". GLAAD. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^ a b Brantley, Laughter and Horror in a Journey of the Heart
^ Sommers
^ Brantley, Ben (22 October 2013). "Family as a Hall of Mirrors". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^ Stoudt, Charlotte. "Lisa Kron's 'The Wake' revisits the 2000 presidential election and Sept. 11" Los Angeles Times March 14, 2010
^ Lester
^ Weisman
^ Five Lesbian Brothers, The Five Lesbian Brothers' Guide to Life
^ Five Lesbian Brothers, Four Plays
^ Brantley, "Lisa Kron's Well Opens on Broadway, with Mom Keeping Watch"
^ Grode, Eric (24 October 2013). "A Quick Trip From Playwright to Player: Lisa Kron Juggles Two Shows at Public Theater". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^ a b Viagas, Robert. " 'Fun Home' Librettist Wins Kleban Prize for Musical Theatre" Playbill, January 17, 2017
^ Spaner, Whitney. "A Fine Showmance: How Lisa Kron's Biggest Fan Became Her Life Partner" playbill.com, April 25, 2015
^ Gioia, Michael. "Who's Next: Madeleine George, Playwright and Author" Playbill, June 9, 2016
^ 'Fun Home' songwriters become 1st winning female team Yahoo News
Brantley, Ben. Laughter And Horror In a Journey Of the Heart.[2] The New York Times March 29, 1999
Brantley, Ben. Lisa Kron's 'Well' Opens on Broadway, With Mom Keeping Watch. [3] The New York Times. March 31, 2006
Drukman, Steven. 70 Minutes on an Emotional Roller-Coaster: A Solo Journey From Ohio to Auschwitz. [4] New York Times March 28, 1999
Five Lesbian Brothers. The Five Lesbian Brothers' Guide to Life New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. ISBN 978-0-684-81384-4
Five Lesbian Brothers. Four Plays New York : Theatre Communications Group, 2000. ISBN 1-55936-166-2
Hughes, Mike. Westside Stories. Lansing State Journal April 27, 2004
Kron, Lisa. 2.5 Minute Ride And 101 Humiliating Stories New York : Theatre Communications Group, 2001. ISBN 978-1-55936-181-1
Kron, Lisa. Well New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2006. ISBN 1-55936-253-7
Lester, Gideon. "Journey of a Lifetime". [5]
Miller, Stuart. "Playwright Draws from a Personal Well." The Star-Ledger, Newark: New Jersey March 26, 2006
Miller, Winter. "In Dialogue: All's Well That Ends in Well: Lisa Kron and Leigh Silverman." The Brooklyn Rail, April 2006. [6]
Sommers, Michael. ""Well" Written, "Well" Staged, "Well" Acted." The Star-Ledger, Newark: NJ March 31, 2006
Weisman, Wendy. "The Importance of Being Lisa Kron: In Well, She Plays Herself Writing A Play About Herself. Will Broadway Get It?" [7] American Theatre March 2006
WOW Café [8]
Further reading[edit]
Glickman, Ken. "Theater Review: Well". Lansing State Journal April 27, 2006
Green, Jesse. "One-Woman Show Learns to Share". [9] New York Times March 21, 2004
Nightingale, Benedict. "Story Tells Vivid Picture." The Times London July 23, 1998
Lisa Kron on IMDb
Lisa Kron's official site [10]
Well in the Internet Broadway Database [11]
Awards for Lisa Kron
Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical
South Pacific by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan (1950)
Hello, Dolly! by Michael Stewart (1964)
Fiddler on the Roof by Joseph Stein (1965)
Company by George Furth (1971)
Two Gentlemen of Verona by John Guare and Mel Shapiro (1972)
A Little Night Music by Hugh Wheeler (1973)
Candide by Hugh Wheeler (1974)
Shenandoah by James Lee Barrett, Peter Udell and Philip Rose (1975)
A Chorus Line by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante (1976)
Annie by Thomas Meehan (1977)
On the Twentieth Century by Betty Comden and Adolph Green (1978)
Sweeney Todd by Hugh Wheeler (1979)
Evita by Tim Rice (1980)
Woman of the Year by Peter Stone (1981)
Dreamgirls by Tom Eyen (1982)
Cats by T. S. Eliot (1983)
La Cage aux Folles by Harvey Fierstein (1984)
Big River by William Hauptman (1985)
Drood by Rupert Holmes (1986)
Les Misérables by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg (1987)
Into the Woods by James Lapine (1988)
City of Angels by Larry Gelbart (1990)
The Secret Garden by Marsha Norman (1991)
Falsettos by William Finn and James Lapine (1992)
Kiss of the Spider Woman by Terrence McNally (1993)
Passion by James Lapine (1994)
Sunset Boulevard by Don Black and Christopher Hampton (1995)
Rent by Jonathan Larson (1996)
Titanic by Peter Stone (1997)
Ragtime by Terrence McNally (1998)
Parade by Alfred Uhry (1999)
James Joyce's The Dead by Richard Nelson (2000)
The Producers by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan (2001)
Urinetown by Greg Kotis (2002)
Hairspray by Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell (2003)
Avenue Q by Jeff Whitty (2004)
The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee by Rachel Sheinkin (2005)
The Drowsy Chaperone by Bob Martin and Don McKellar (2006)
Spring Awakening by Steven Sater (2007)
Passing Strange by Stew (2008)
Billy Elliot the Musical by Lee Hall (2009)
Memphis by Joe DiPietro (2010)
The Book of Mormon by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011)
Once by Enda Walsh (2012)
Matilda the Musical by Dennis Kelly (2013)
A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder by Robert L. Freedman (2014)
Fun Home by Lisa Kron (2015)
Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016)
Dear Evan Hansen by Steven Levenson (2017)
The Band's Visit by Itamar Moses (2018)
Tootsie by Robert Horn (2019)
Tony Award for Best Original Score
Street Scene by Kurt Weill (1947)
Kiss Me, Kate by Cole Porter (1949)
South Pacific by Richard Rodgers (1950)
Call Me Madam by Irving Berlin (1951)
No Strings by Richard Rodgers (1962)
Oliver! by Lionel Bart (1963)
Hello, Dolly! by Jerry Herman (1964)
Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick (1965)
Man of La Mancha by Mitch Leigh and Joe Darion (1966)
Cabaret by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1967)
Hallelujah, Baby! by Jule Styne, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1968)
Company by Stephen Sondheim (1971)
Follies by Stephen Sondheim (1972)
A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim (1973)
Gigi by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (1974)
The Wiz by Charlie Smalls (1975)
A Chorus Line by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban (1976)
Annie by Charles Strouse and Martin Charnin (1977)
On the Twentieth Century by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1978)
Sweeney Todd by Stephen Sondheim (1979)
Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice (1980)
Woman of the Year by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1981)
Nine by Maury Yeston (1982)
Cats by Andrew Lloyd Webber and T. S. Eliot (1983)
La Cage aux Folles by Jerry Herman (1984)
Big River by Roger Miller (1985)
Les Misérables by Claude-Michel Schönberg, Herbert Kretzmer, and Alain Boublil (1987)
Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988)
City of Angels by Cy Coleman and David Zippel (1990)
The Will Rogers Follies by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1991)
Falsettos by William Finn (1992)
Kiss of the Spider Woman by John Kander and Fred Ebb / The Who's Tommy by Pete Townshend (1993)
Passion by Stephen Sondheim (1994)
Sunset Boulevard by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Don Black, and Christopher Hampton (1995)
Titanic by Maury Yeston (1997)
Ragtime by Stephen Flaherty and Lynn Ahrens (1998)
Parade by Jason Robert Brown (1999)
Aida by Elton John and Tim Rice (2000)
The Producers by Mel Brooks (2001)
Urinetown by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis (2002)
Hairspray by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman (2003)
Avenue Q by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx (2004)
The Light in the Piazza by Adam Guettel (2005)
The Drowsy Chaperone by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison (2006)
Spring Awakening by Duncan Sheik and Steven Sater (2007)
In the Heights by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2008)
Next to Normal by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (2009)
Memphis by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro (2010)
Newsies by Alan Menken and Jack Feldman (2012)
Kinky Boots by Cyndi Lauper (2013)
The Bridges of Madison County by Jason Robert Brown (2014)
Fun Home by Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron (2015)
Dear Evan Hansen by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017)
The Band's Visit by David Yazbek (2018)
Hadestown by Anaïs Mitchell (2019)
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Actors from Ann Arbor, Michigan
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American women dramatists and playwrights
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LGBT dramatists and playwrights
Guggenheim Fellows
American stage actresses
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American women writers
Yale School of Drama faculty
New York University faculty
American people of German-Jewish descent
Kalamazoo College alumni
Actresses from Lansing, Michigan
Tony Award winners
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The defiant power of 'Nope's' homage to 'Akira'
Jordan Peele's latest film draws inspiration from the anime classic
Keke Palmer portrays Emerald Haywood in Nope, written, produced and directed by Jordan Peele. Universal Pictures
By David Dennis Jr. @DavidDTSS
One of the beautiful aspects of Jordan Peele's films is the way he creates space for Black people in places that previously felt like we weren't welcome. He centers Black people, Black stories, Black survival and Black heroics in a horror genre that has traditionally painted Black characters as the villains or the sacrificial side character in service of white stars.
His latest movie, Nope, reclaims Black pioneers' rightful place as innovators who helped make Hollywood what it is, while also commenting on our society's addiction to spectacle. Most of the movie centers on the fictional Haywood family's quest to reestablish their place in movie history by capturing one great visual shot of a murderous alien. But there's one camera shot near the end of the film that centers Black people in another important conversation: Actress Keke Palmer reenacting the famous "Akira slide."
In the scene, Palmer zooms through the dusty landscape on a motorcycle, police tape collecting around her body as she slides away from the camera. On its own, it's a feat of brilliant action-movie cinematography. But it has a larger meaning as well. The shot is an homage to the Japanese animated movie Akira, and its execution represents a Black director centering a Black woman in a piece of sci-fi/nerd/pop culture lore that has so often denied those who look like her by white, male-centric gatekeepers. Palmer hitting the Akira Slide in Nope is a revolutionary and defiant act.
You've seen 'Nope.' Now let's make sense of it.Read now
I'd avoided watching the trailers before the film was released and as a result, I'd missed the slide in the online promotions. So when I saw the shot in the theater, I cheered loudly enough to embarrass my teenager sitting next to me.
Akira is a 1988 animated movie by Japanese artist and filmmaker Katsuhiro Ôtomo based on his best-selling manga comic book series of the same name. The story takes place in a postapocalyptic Neo Tokyo, a city rebuilt after nuclear war decimated Japan, and follows a biker gang that gets tangled up in government conspiracies and the supernatural. While the movie's plot is messy, bogged down by trying to condense six volumes of text into a couple of hours, the visuals made it a worldwide phenomenon and helped anime become popular in the West.
The sprawling cityscape of Neo Tokyo, the detailed animation of street violence and the scope of the final act's devastation added up to cinematic magic. And one of the opening scenes has captured imaginations for decades. In it, the biker gang, led by main character Shotaro Kaneda, has a high-speed chase with the Clown gang and there is a shot of Kaneda sliding across the street while braking on his red motorcycle. It not only looks badass, it has become widely influential. That slide has been re-created for decades in everything from Pokemon to Batman: The Animated Series to the Lego movie franchise.
Each instance is an homage to Akira, but also an acknowledgement that the work is following a tradition. Until Nope, the move has never directly been re-created in live-action (this clip from X-Men Origins: Wolverine is the closest approximation).
Peele, of course, is a student of moviemaking and understood the significance of what he was doing by referencing Akira.
"It felt so good — it's a moment that's been paid homage many times in animation, and I hadn't seen it done like this," he told Slash Film. "And so to have, something about having a Black woman on a white motorcycle with having broken police tape do that 'Akira slide,' just felt like, 'You know what, Jordan? Go for it.' "
Audiences have become accustomed to Peele's movies being full of double meanings and hidden messages. Palmer's Akira slide is no different. The police tape around her neck reminds us that Black folks, especially Black women, have often been excluded — policed even — from being part of sci-fi and fantasy. This all fits the larger theme of Nope about a family trying to claim its familial legacy in film.
Keke Palmer reflects on her rise from a child actor to Hollywood starRead now
Parker's slide does exactly that for Black nerds. From comic book stores and conventions that often exclude Black people to the way women such as Moses Ingram (Reva in Obi-Wan Kenobi) and Anna Diop (Starfire in Teen Titans) have had to endure online harassment for merely being Black in sci-fi, there has always been a barrier to entry for Black women in nerd culture. This is despite the fact that artists such as authors Octavia Butler and N.K. Jemisin and singer Janelle Monáe have been integral to the stories and aesthetics that so many of the conventions and comic book stores embrace.
When Peele and Palmer occupy that space, they are defying the boundaries and breaking through the denials and harassment, not to be part of discriminatory white spaces, but to declare that we are part of our own tradition.
David Dennis Jr. is a senior writer at Andscape and an American Mosaic Journalism Prize recipient. His book, The Movement Made Us, will be released in 2022. David is a graduate of Davidson College.
This Story Tagged: Movies Keke Palmer Jordan Peele Film Nope


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Mazure ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Alfred Mazure (1914–1974), niederländischer Autor und Comiczeichner
 Jannis Pieter Mazure (1899–1990), niederländischer Politiker
 Sébastien Mazure (* 1979), französischer Fußballspieler


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To start marketing your own business, and review the best and recommended web hosting features: Common business requirements for successfull hosting.


The dog and squirrel killing Huckabee clan.
Is it OK with you that the Huckabees, father and son have a thing for killing dogs and small woodland creatures?
Ben Franklin loved squirrels and had them for pets. He found them quite intelligent and playful. He even sent one to his sister living in London.
I am not joking about Republican candidate Mike Huckabee claiming to have fried squirrel on a popcorn popper in college. He's proud of it. And if you don't believe me, Google it and check out what his son the Boy Scout did to a poor stray dog. He was charged for hanging, cutting the throat and stoning the dog who came up to him for some food and water.
I am a Republican-Libertarian and if Huckabee gets the Republican nomination, I will vote for Obama.
Here thanks to the liberals at Talking Points Memo is where you can find the video of Huckabee laughing about his manly killing and cooking of a squirrel.
Obama just missed winning the jackpot in Nevada — Hillary's union activists muscle in. Now reported: election districts in New York's Harlem had zero votes for Obama. More than 80 voting districts in New York had zero votes for Obama.
Updated when relevant reports come in.
No (0) votes for Obama in Black voting district in New York.
Black voters are heavily represented in the 9th Election District in Harlem's 70th Assembly District. Yet according to rustls from the New York Democratic primary last week, not a single vote in the district was cast for Obama.
This while Kucinich is paying for a recount in New Hampshire where he received (0) votes and low to (0) counts for Obama.
Has the Clinton machine been vote tampering again like they tried to do in Miami for Al Gore?
Why isn't this a front page news article? Are you concerned that the U.S. election process is corrupt?
Obama wins South Carolina with 54% of the vote to Hillary's 26%. Oops. The Bill factor didn't help much, did it.
Maybe it was because the Clinton machine doesn't have clout in South Carolina.
US Senator Barack Obama's presidential campaign on Sunday said that it had received reports of voting irregularities in Nevada's nominating caucuses, which were won by rival Hillary Clinton.
Spokesmen for Obama's campaign told reporters that a Clinton party handout urged registration lines for the caucuses Saturday to close at 11:30 am, whereas state party rules said anyone in line until 12:00 pm was to be allowed to participate.
"Despite clear rules and timelines laid out by the Nevada Democratic Party that caucus doors should remain open and voter registration should continue until noon, the Clinton campaign encouraged their operatives to close the caucus doors at 11:30 am, a half hour before that deadline," said spokesman Bill Burton.
Clinton won the state's nominating contest with 51 percent of the vote, while Obama received 45 percent. The victory increased the former first lady's lead over Obama, after she also won the New Hampshire primary on January 8.
Obama won the Democrats' first nominating caucuses in Iowa at the beginning of the month. His campaign called for a full review of the Nevada vote but insisted it was not calling into question the results.
"We found an unusually high number of reports that the Clinton campaign was insisting that 11:30 was the deadline," said general counsel Bob Bauer, adding that at least 300 complaints had come in.
"We are not calling the results into question at all. We want to make sure this doesn't happen again," Bauer said.
Like New Hampshire, Nevada was another do-or-die situation for the Hillary machine.
Right out of Stalin's playbook, voter suppression was on and the pro-Hillary teachers unions, Teamsters and government workers unions went all out for the machine — Hillary.
And just like BIG BROTHER/BIG SIS, the truth of voter suppression and cheating were flipped around and turned on Obama supporters. This power grab is serious business.
To go over the facts here, the only publicly reported radio ad anything like what Clinton refers to is one that encourages Republicans and independents to caucus, but doesn't mention Hillary.
And the Vegas papers haven't found any evidence of the kind of straightforward voter suppression Clinton reports. The Obama campaign has suggested the Clinton campaign file formal complaints if it has evidence.
"This is ludicrous," Culinary Workers political director Pilar Weiss told Politico. She said the union is "aware that some workers aren't going to vote our way" and doesn't engage in intimidation.
"The fact that they lost a lawsuit aimed at suppressing workers' votes, and that now they're trying to hold on to these baseless claims is ridiculous," she said.
Weiss also said Clinton's claim is "technically impossible." Clinton supporters can ask union organizers — who are actively promoting Obama's candidacy — to add their names to the lists of workers who will take time off to caucus today. But signs posted around the casinos advertise another avenue to get the time off: Workers can go around the union and ask their managers directly.
"We have found it shocking that President Clinton has gotten so engaged in promoting these accusations," she said.
My friend and attorney nicknamed Marjon* told me about this story.
Turn out the lights, the party is finally over for Hillary. Her lawsuit filed to hinder casino workers from voting was thrown out by an honest judge.
Here is another example of how the Democrat machine is anything but democratic. Hillary's teachers union tried to block out casino workers from voting in Saturday's Nevada caucuses. Was the mainstream media reporting this? An AP reporter had the story on the wires, but very few newspapers bothered to pick it up. Meanwhile, Dennis Kocinich is paying $70,000 for a recount of the New Hampshire primary because of evidence of voter fraud by the Hillary Rodham-Clinton machine.
The Nevada results that come in Saturday will put Obama on top before Florida, South Carolina and Super Tuesday.
A union with ties to Democrat Hillary Rodham Clinton failed in court Thursday to prevent casino workers from caucusing at special precincts on the Las Vegas strip.
The ruling by U.S. District Court Judge James Mahan was presumed to be a boost for Clinton rival Barack Obama in the Democratic presidential caucuses Saturday because he has been endorsed by the union representing many of the shift workers who will be able to use the precincts.
"State Democrats have a First Amendment right to association, to assemble and to set their own rules," Mahan said.
Nevada's Democratic Party approved creation of the precincts to make it easier for housekeepers, waitresses and bellhops to caucus during the day near work rather than have to do so in their neighborhoods.
The state teachers union, which has ties to Clinton, brought the suit against the special precincts shortly after local 226 of the Culinary Workers Union endorsed Obama for the Democratic nomination. The union is the largest in Nevada, with 60,000 members. The Clinton campaign said it was not involved in the suit.
The suit contended party rules allowing the precincts gave too much power to the casino workers and violated federal equal protection guarantees.
The Democratic National Committee ratified the state party's rules in August.
Nevada State Education Association — a pro-Hillary union — initiated the lawsuit.
*Marjon is the blind fearless lion of Afghanistan who would bite at the wind.


You must use the device to generate a high voltage and low voltage at a specified gain, measure the high and low voltages, then specify the requested high voltage, low voltage, and gain along with the actual high voltage and low voltage.
channel is the number of the channel to calibrate. This number is the numeric portion of the physical channel name, not the full physical channel name.
requested low voltage is the low voltage you attempted to generate at the gain setting you specified.
actual low voltage is the actual low voltage an external sensor measures.
requested high voltage is the high voltage you attempted to generate at the gain setting you specified.
actual high voltage is the actual high voltage an external sensor measures.
gain setting is the gain setting you used when you attempted to generate the requested high voltage and requested low voltage.


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ANALYSIS | JOHANNESBURG
Understanding the silicosis judgment
16 May 2016 By Pete Lewis
Hundreds of thousands of families could benefit from the class action lawsuit that can now take place
From Thom Pierce's The Price of Gold: Leseli Kompi is the 19-year-old son of Maphatsoe Kompi who died in October 2013 from TB at the age of 63. His mother died in 2012 and he is now left to look after his 15-year-old sister, Naleli. They survive off the provident fund, which his father left. The initial amount was R33,367. The silicosis court judgment means Leseli and Naleli are a step closer to receiving a just compensation from the mines.
16 May 2016 - By Pete Lewis
On Friday, Judge Phineas Mojapelo handed down the court's findings on the landmark silicosis judgment.
In the case of Bongani Nkala and 68 Others v Harmony Gold Mining Company Ltd and 31 Others, Mojapelo and two other judges addressed this question: can mineworkers and former mineworkers bring action for damages as a class, against gold mining companies for negligence as a result of which they were exposed to dust that caused silicosis and/or TB.
The litigants
The litigation could run into billions of rands. All the big mining companies are affected, including Anglo American, Anglogold, Gold Fields, Harmony Gold, Randgold, DRDGold, and African Rainbow Minerals. Anglo American has described the case as "without precedent in South African law and indeed in any other jurisdiction in the world".
According to Judge Mojapelo, the 69 applicants so far included in the proceedings do indeed represent up to 500,000 current and former gold mineworkers and their dependents in all the southern African countries from which people come to work on the South African gold mines. More than 45 of the applicants were silicosis patients, with or without TB, and more than 25 of them were TB-only cases. The applicants were represented by Richard Spoor Inc, Abrahams Kiewitz Attorneys and the Legal Resources Centre (LRC). The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) and Sonke Gender Justice, represented by SECTION27, participated as friends of the court (amicus curiae). (You can read the first few pages of the judgment to see who all the applicants and defendants were.)
This issue has been extensively covered by Groundup over the past nine months, including the details of the ten days of court argument which resulted in this judgment.
Families of deceased miners may benefit
The judgment was damning for the mining companies. The court dismissed all their legal arguments against certification as being without merit. The court also upheld every argument by mineworkers' legal representatives as to why and how certification should proceed. In doing so, the court drew on international legal precedent on both class action litigation and common law, from the UK, Australia, Canada, and the USA. The judges also drew on South African legal history, in one instance going back 100 years, roughly the lifespan of the South African gold mining industry.
In reaching its conclusions, the court significantly amended the common law, ruling that dependents of all South African litigants in common law delictual damages cases will inherit the claims of family members who die before their cases are settled, in whatever circumstances, whether these claims are made through class actions, or individual actions.
Judge Wendell held that this amendment to the common law should only apply to class action cases, but this opinion was not shared by the other two judges because of its discriminatory implications with regard to equality before the law, which is enshrined in the Constitution. This was the only dissenting finding in the judgment.
In ruling this way, the Court drove a bus through the current "irrational, unjust and discriminatory" common law which holds that dependents can only inherit damages awarded if an applicant happens to die just before judgment is handed down in a delictual damages case.
In ruling on this significant development of common law, the judgment upheld the arguments of the TAC and Sonke Gender Justice, unchallenged by the mines' legal representatives, that the lives of female dependents of sick mineworkers had been completely reversed by having to care for sick miners in poverty-stricken rural and peri-urban areas with no help from the mines who allegedly caused the sickness in the first place.
The ruling stated clearly that this had worsened rural poverty by preventing these women from earning income, engaging in subsistence activities, or education for the betterment of their family circumstances. The common law denial of damages to these women and their families, according to the court, would be a breach of the constitutional right to gender equality.
The mining companies opposed this development of the common law and argued that at best it should only apply from the date of the trial. But the court ruled that on the contrary it will apply from the beginning of the litigation for the class action case (lodging of court papers in 2012). This means that the dependents of any sick mineworker who died after that date will still inherit any damages awarded, whether through an out-of-court settlement, or by trial of the class action case, no matter how long the mining companies delay such a final settlement.
The ruling noted that mineworker applicants expressed their frustration with the mining companies' methods in the hearings, alleging the obstruction of justice. It also noted that the mining companies' legal representatives had not responded to this allegation. The Court found this attitude "unfortunate", because, the judges wrote, it is a serious allegation worthy of considered response, since obstruction of justice "damages the integrity of the legal system".
Since 2012, five of the applicants in the Spoor application have died, and eight out of 24 of the LRC applicants have died since 2013. If the potentially 500,000 current and past mineworkers in the class the court has certified are dying at even half of this rate, we begin to understand just what damage the gold industry is accused of inflicting on sub-Saharan Africa, not only in the past five years, but in the past century and more.
Since 2012, 13 of the 68 mineworkers who brought this court case against the mining industry have died.
The coverage of the court case described in detail the arguments of the mining companies against certification of the class: unmanageability, discriminatory against mineworkers who want to institute individual action, proliferation of sub-classes, non-commonality of issues, variations in the levels of dust and working practices in the different mines, and so on. The Court found that all of these were without merit. It certified the class action in line with the proposal in the mineworkers' depositions.
Who is included in the classes
The ruling divides the class action into two main sub-classes; those with confirmed silicosis, with or without confirmed TB, wherever they live, who could show they worked underground in one or more of the respondent mines from 1965, for however a short a period; and those with TB only who worked underground at one of the respondent mines for at least two years over the same period. The date 1965 was chosen to coincide with the implementation of new regulations on mine dust control under the Mines and Works Act 1956, which the mineworkers' shocking affidavits say were flouted, and in recognition of the fact that it is unlikely that anyone who began work in gold mines before that date and who contracted one of the diseases would be still alive.
Members of each sub-class who worked at any one or more of 82 actual mining operations listed in Annexure A of the judgment are included. Any individual mineworker who is part of any other litigation on the same issues, ongoing or settled, is excluded from both sub-classes.
The mining companies had used precedent to argue that because TB is not caused by crystalline silica but by a bacterium, and that other factors such as smoking and HIV may be more important than dust exposure, including a class for TB-only would require the mineworkers to prove that in the absence of exposure to silica dust they would never have contracted TB, which is of course impossible.
However, the court dismissed this argument, and pointed to more recent precedent in common law, which allows for causation to include the concept of increased risk of harm. Since exposure to respirable silica dust weakens the human immune system, it increases the risk of contraction of TB, and therefore compounds the effect of other causes, such as overcrowding and poor conditions in mine hostels, also factors over which the companies had exclusive control, and which feature prominently in the depositions of the mineworkers.
How the class action litigation will work
Again, contrary to the depositions and arguments of the mining companies, the court ruled that there would be two phases of the class action trial. The first would deal with common issues applicable to all the applicants and respondents (such as mine ventilation practices, provision of personal protective equipment, watering down dust, dust monitoring, and other technical issues, as well as training and informing mineworkers of the dangers of dust and how to avoid it, and hostel conditions), and the allegation by the mineworkers that the policies of the individual mines on these issues was determined centrally by the Chamber of Mines, thus ensuring "commonality" of issues in the class, though with unimportant variations between individual mines.
Once these common issues had been put to trial and determined, and assuming that the mineworkers established liability for the disease burden in the process, the second phase of the class action would decide on individual issues, without having to prove the common issues which had already been determined. This phase would examine issues such as proof of employment and disease in each case, length of service in the respondent mines, and damages claimed in each individual case.
Phase one is opt-out. Phase two is opt-in
In line with the arguments of the mineworkers, phase one of the class action trial is to be on an opt-out basis; workers who don't want to be included will have the opportunity to count themselves out.
Phase two will be on the opposite, opt-in basis: when the common issues have been adjudicated, and if the mineworkers are successful at that stage, those who wish to be included in the determination of damages resulting must opt in.
This process, ruled the court, would be achieved through two separate official and approved notices to mineworkers explaining what they have to decide at each stage, and how to register or not. The Court regarded this as the best way to give individual mineworkers who are potential members of the two sub-classes the maximum amount of choice while maintaining their constitutional and legal options for redress.
Notices to be disseminated across Southern Africa
The Court ordered each of the two parties to disseminate the notices widely in various media within their constituencies throughout Southern Africa, giving broad discretion to the mineworkers' representatives to choose the most effective and comprehensive organizational outlets that exist within civil society on the sub-continent. It furthermore ordered that the mining companies must pay half the very substantial costs incurred by the mineworkers' representatives in this exercise.
The ruling is extremely specific as to how these notices will be disseminated. The text of the notices is given in the judgment, along with a text for radio notices. Fifty newspapers are named, including 16 in other Southern African countries. A long list of radio stations is also given. The notices have to be in multiple languages.
The court ruled that the notices must also penetrate the mines. Each mine in the list is ordered to post the notice in a prominent place at each mine for 180 days, as well as on all company website home pages. Given the direct contact that all mineworkers have through their community networks in the labour sending areas, this is likely to be highly effective in getting the word out.
The court ordered that the parties must report quarterly on progress to the court. Any out-of-court settlement reached will have no effect unless approved by the court, in the interests of justice.
The court found none of the arguments against this process from the mining companies had any merit. The judges noted that the companies had accepted the argument of the miners that individual litigation by so many poor and sick people and their dependents in isolated and inaccessible areas would mean that they would effectively forfeit their constitutional right to redress. So the court was unimpressed that the companies continued to argue that individual litigation was the only possible solution, without putting forward any third possibility.
This ball is rolling, and will have political and economic effects throughout southern Africa.
Editor's comment: What is likely to happen now?
The mining companies have two options. Either they can offer a settlement that will be acceptable to both the mineworkers and the court, or they can defend the class action litigation, trying to drag this matter out for many years. The latter option is unlikely to be the best option for the companies, the sick mineworkers or their families.
For mineworkers to win compensation through the courts, they will have to win both the first phase of the class action case, in which common issues are dealt with, and then each miner (or his surviving family) will have to win a case dealing with matters specific to him. This could take a long time, but if the miners win phase one, there will be many lawyers willing to represent them on a contingency basis, because winning compensation in phase two cases should be quick and highly probable. One lawyer explained to us that a good comparison is Road Accident Fund cases. Many of these are litigated daily and swiftly.
The court option is not an appetising option for the mining companies. For years their balance sheets will have to record contingent liabilities with much uncertainty about how large an amount they will have to pay out. This will not please their shareholders. The phase one class action case will be a public relations nightmare for the mines: picture a Truth and Reconciliation Commission but with justice meted out to the perpetrators at the end. And the cost of legal fees and final compensation amounts will likely far exceed what the companies can negotiate through a settlement.
The silicosis court judgment might turn out to be one of the most redistributive measures in post-apartheid South Africa.
Sick miners to get up to R500k 03 May 2018
TOPICS: Court Human Rights Labour Mining Silicosis case
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