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Top o' Hill Terrace (Part 1): War
Posted on September 7, 2021 by hometown
A roulette wheel, some poker chips, a prostitute's Neiman Marcus cape. Most people would regard these items as the trappings of vice. But other people, in another light, regard these items as the spoils of war—a war in which "good" prevailed over "evil."
The war would last twenty years.
The battlefield: forty-six oak-shaded acres on a hilltop in west Arlington.
The stronghold to be stormed: Top o' Hill Terrace gambling casino.
General leading the forces of "evil": Fred Browning.
General leading the forces of "good": J. Frank Norris.
And yet it all began so peacefully, even genteelly. In 1921 Dallas home economist Beulah Adams Marshall bought land west of Arlington along the Bankhead Highway (Division Street today). On a hilltop with a grand view to the west she built an elegant building of timber and sandstone and opened a teahouse, hosting teas and dinners for ladies of refinement of Dallas and Fort Worth. Women were beginning to drive more in the early 1920s, and the Bankhead Highway connected the teahouse to both cities.
The Top o' Hill Terrace teahouse often appeared in the society columns of both cities.
Onto the battlefield in 1930 stepped Fred C. Browning. Browning, a former plumber, was a local boy, had attended the Fifth Ward School on Fort Worth's near East Side.
Browning knew his way around a casino, had lots of contacts both inside and outside the law. Browning and wife Mary purchased Top o' Hill Terrace teahouse and forty-six acres around it as part of an audacious plan: The Brownings would convert the teahouse into a gambling casino. (In the top clip "M. L. Gonzales" was Manuel T. "Lone Wolf" Gonzaullas. He and Browning would meet again. Also note Frank Hamer of Bonnie and Clyde fame.)
The acreage that the Brownings bought was well suited to their plan. It was beyond the city limits—and city law enforcement. It was centrally located on a major highway between Fort Worth and Dallas. It was secluded. It was parklike. The property had only one way in. The teahouse could not be seen from the highway.
But the teahouse itself was lacking. So Browning moved the teahouse off its foundation temporarily so that a two-tiered basement could be dug. In the paneled-and-upholstered basement Browning built a fifty-by-sixty-foot gaming room and a twelve-foot curved bar with a wall of mirrors behind it.
The teahouse was moved back over the basement. The teahouse over the basement casino housed a nightclub and the Brownings' living quarters.
Browning also built a tiled swimming pool.
Oh, and a brothel.
Fred Browning was a gambler's gambler. Browning knew that oilman W. T. Waggoner, who had built his Arlington Downs racetrack five miles east of the teahouse in 1929, was lobbying the state legislature to allow parimutuel gambling. If betting on horses became legal, the track would draw lots of gamblers to Arlington.
Browning intended to give those gamblers an alternative to the track. In converting a teahouse into a casino he was gambling on the state legislature making parimutuel gambling legal.
In addition to the casino, Browning owned a string of Thoroughbred racehorses. In fact, Browning had purchased his prized stud, Royal Ford, from Waggoner for $110,000. Browning built two stables at the Terrace, one of them just for Royal Ford.
Browning even "owned" a boxer. Lightweight Lew Jenkins trained at the Terrace and won the world lightweight title in 1940. Boxer Max Baer, father of Max "Jethro Bodine" Baer Jr., also trained at the Terrace.
The grounds of the Terrace were worthy of a country estate, landscaped and maintained by a caretaker with a staff of four. There were fountains, stone-lined ponds stocked with fish and swans, stone footbridges, stone walls, canopied breezeways. The original tea garden had been retained.
A greenhouse kept fresh flowers on the tables in the restaurant.
In 1937 the Tarrant County Rose Society hosted tours of the Terrace's roses, greenhouse, and summer house.
Some people who visited the Terrace were not aware that it included an illegal gambling casino and a brothel. The Terrace's tea garden and nightclub were legitimate businesses. Browning listed himself as nightclub operator in the 1940 census.
Along with Pappy Kirkwood's Four Deuces club on the Jacksboro Highway, the Terrace became the place to gamble in the 1930s and 1940s before Las Vegas bloomed in the desert: Joe Louis, Dean Martin, Sally Rand, Jack Ruby, Hedy Lamarr, John Wayne, Howard Hughes, Buster Keaton, W. C. Fields, Lana Turner, Will Rogers, Frank Sinatra, Bugsy Siegel, Bonnie and Clyde (Browning asked Bonnie and Clyde to leave their guns in their car) rubbed shoulders and dice with local high-rollers: Sid Richardson, Clint Murchison. Also available were roulette, billiards, blackjack, and slot machines.
Wealthy gamblers flew in on private airplanes accompanied by bodyguards. Those who arrived by train were met at the station by a Terrace employee.
Jack Poe, who worked at the Terrace for five years as a teenager in the 1930s, recalled that a half-million dollars might change hands on a weekend during racing season.
On a weekend the parking lot was a showcase of luxury automobiles: Cadillacs, Pierce-Arrows, Cords.
Sometimes the casino didn't close until sunrise.
Patrons were served fine food in the restaurant and, during Prohibition, bootleg liquor in the bar.
Entertainment included nude dancing girls, performances by Tommy Dorsey's band, Ruth Laird's Texas Rockets ballerina troupe, and local performers Ginger Rogers and Mary "Punkins" Parker.
Jack Poe had come to the Terrace with a strong resume: He had worked as a lookout and a bodyguard at nightclubs on Jacksboro Highway, as a youth had been befriended by Bonnie and Clyde and had tagged along with them as they cased a few banks.
Browning had hired Poe to care for his racehorses. But Poe was promoted to work in the casino.
"My job was to satisfy the people shooting dice and gambling," Poe recalled. "Anything they wanted, I made sure they got it."
"Anything" included prostitutes. The women, described by Poe as "very high-class ladies," lived—and worked—in a two-story building behind the casino.
The shadows cast by the big oaks of Top o' Hill Terrace hid the casino's darker side, Poe claimed. "The worst thing I ever saw at Top o' Hill was bodies laying down on the creek behind the place. They had been really tortured and died an awful death. One was still living."
Poe did not ask any questions about what he had seen. And with good reason: "Lots of people got killed there, mostly for talking."
If the Terrace had a dark side, it also was known for its honest gaming. Browning monitored people in the gaming room through two-way mirrors. And Browning, himself a gambler who knew what it was to lose, was said to never let a patron leave the Terrace broke.
As important as Browning's reputation for honesty was to his success, just as important were the security and discretion he provided to his patrons.
His Top o' Hill Terrace was an upholstered fortress.
For starters, two armed men were stationed at a guardhouse (see photos in Part 2) at the only entrance on the highway. Patrons had to show their ID and give the password to be allowed past the guardhouse.
The grounds were surrounded by an eight-foot chain-link fence wired to a security alarm.
The grounds were said to be patrolled by armed men accompanied by dogs wearing spiked collars.
The windows of the casino building had steel shutters.
Floors had trapdoors; walls hid secret rooms and passageways.
Browning and his Terrace had many powerful friends. But they also had powerful enemies: law enforcement and J. Frank Norris, pastor of First Baptist Church and co-founder of Bible Baptist Seminary (now Arlington Baptist University).
Just as Norris and law enforcement had waged a war against Hell's Half Acre, so they waged a war against the Terrace.
Thus, despite Browning's precautions—and payoffs and tipoffs—the Terrace was raided occasionally.
When raiders arrived at the guardhouse, the guards had to let them pass, of course, but only after a guard had stepped on a pin in the ground near the gate. Depressing that pin activated a buzzer in the casino, alerting Browning and employees. On one wall of the gaming room was what appeared to be an electrical outlet. Inserting a knife blade into the outlet opened a door to a hidden closet where gaming equipment—roulette wheels, slot machines, gaming tables—was stowed when the buzzer signaled a raid.
When all worked as planned, by the time raiders reached the gaming room, patrons were sipping tea and playing gin rummy in what had been transformed into a dining room; employees were innocently lounging about, sometimes singing hymns.
The outside entrance to the gaming room was at the rear of the building, away from the highway. Persons getting past that outside door faced five more doors, each with an armed guard, before reaching the gaming room in the basement.
Browning also had installed a forty-foot concrete tunnel (see photos in Part 2) connecting the gaming room to a wooded area west of the casino building. When raided, patrons could be evacuated through the tunnel to the outside and wait out the raid in the nearby tea garden.
"When there was a raid," Jack Poe recalled, "we would hide the gambling tables in the wall and go out the tunnel. They would already have drinks and food set up in the tea garden. Like there was nothing bad going on. I had no idea who some of those important people were. Mr. Browning always made sure their names never became public, even after the raids."
(And, yes, during one raid a prominent Fort Worth businessman got "stuck" in the tunnel, encumbered by the cast on his leg.)
J. Frank Norris himself took part—sorta—in at least one raid. In 1933 Norris, two deputy sheriffs, and a constable arrived at the guardhouse. Norris stayed behind as the lawmen went ahead and forced their way into the casino in the basement and confiscated two roulette wheels, two gaming tables, poker chips, and dice.
But a grand jury declined to indict Browning, and his roulette wheels were soon spinning again.
Norris was outraged. According to T. Lindsay Baker in Gangster Tour of Texas, Norris swore that one day the Baptists would own Top o' Hill Terrace.
Amid the rich and famous patrons at the Terrace, occasionally there appeared patrons who were not what they seemed to be.
Doris Edwards was the widow of state trooper Ed Wheeler, who was killed by Bonnie and Clyde in 1934.
After Ed was killed, Harry Hines, the state highway commissioner (for whom the Dallas boulevard is named), got Doris a job as a secretary for the Texas Highway Patrol headquarters.
"Governor James Allred was violently opposed to gambling," Mrs. Edwards recalled. "He contacted the chief of the highway patrol to see if there were any women on the staff who could help out the Texas Rangers."
Four women were selected, trained, and became known as the "Petticoat Rangers."
They accompanied undercover officers to establishments where illegal gambling was suspected, including the Terrace in 1935.
"I'd go in with my partner," Mrs. Edwards recalled. "If we saw gambling in progress, I would go to the telephone and call the Rangers. 'We're having such a nice time here,' I'd say. 'Why don't you join us.' Then the Rangers would raid the place."
In 1936 a judge ordered the destruction of $7,000 worth of gambling equipment seized in two raids in 1935.
In 1937 came another blow to the Terrace: The state legislature outlawed parimutuel betting. But by then the Terrace was established enough to survive on its own attractions.
But ten years later came the big raid. In 1947 Texas Rangers Captain Manuel T. "Lone Wolf" Gonzaullas and three men bypassed the Terrace's guardhouse at the highway and instead crawled on their bellies up the side of the hill and through the woods in the dark to the casino. Then they slipped into the entrance to the casino, which was at the rear of the building, and were down the stairs and into the gaming room before employees could react. There had been no buzzer to warn of a raid. The raiders caught fifty patrons inflagrante at the tables. Those patrons who fled into the tunnel found a Ranger waiting for them at its mouth.
The gaming equipment was seized and later destroyed, but Gonzaullas said he filed only misdemeanor charges against Browning, employees, and patrons to avoid embarrassing "prominent Fort Worth and Dallas citizens," who might have to testify before a grand jury if felony charges were filed.
More sternly, Gonzaullas warned that the Rangers would shut down gambling casinos "if we have to call on them every night."
That put the Terrace on notice, and it began a slow decline. The law and Norris kept up the public pressure.
By the late 1940s gambler Benny Binion had become Browning's partner in the Terrace.
In 1951 Binion opened his Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas reportedly with profits from the Terrace.
Browning (along with Pappy Kirkwood) was charged with gambling a few times in the early fifties. Browning and Kirkwood paid their fines and went about their business.
But Binion and Browning eventually caved to the pressure. Top o' Hill Terrace closed.
J. Frank Norris's forces had won the war of values.
Norris did not live to celebrate long. Browning did not live to mourn long.
Norris died in 1952.
Browning died in 1953.
The war over, the generals dead, the next stage was occupation of the contested territory by the conquering army:
Top o' Hill Terrace (Part 2): Occupation
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3 Responses to Top o' Hill Terrace (Part 1): War
I'VE BEEN there many yrs ago and spoke with some of the nuns that explained alot including the hidden get away tunnel and the lookout from the hill to see the feds coming from Ft worth for dusty miles since the road wasn't paved.
Tulane says:
Can you post a link to Part 1? I just an across this and would like to start from the beginning.
Tulane, the link to Part 2 is at the bottom of Part 1. There is a link to Part 1 at the top of Part 2.


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Properties, classification, genesis and agricultural suitability of soils in a semiarid pediplain of North Cameroon
Désiré Tsozué
Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, P. O. Box, 814 Maroua, Cameroon.
Oumarou Yakouba
Department of Agriculture, Livestock and By-products, Higher Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, P. O. Box, 46 Maroua, Cameroon.
Article Number - C67C90E60346
Vol.11(36), pp. 3471-3481 , September 2016
The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and physicochemical characteristics, classification, genesis and suitability of soils developed on pediplain around granitic hills in Minawao in the Far North region of Cameroon. The studied soil profile had 450 cm thick. It is composed of two subsections formed by erosion and cumulization. The upper subsection classified as typic ustifluvents clayey isohyperthermic is characterized by the high content of coarse elements showing stratifications in some part of the horizons. It recovers the below subsection classified as thapto typic haplustalfs clayey isohyperthermic. They are clayey, with clay contents ranging from 45 to 49%, and slightly acidic. Total nitrogen and organic carbon contents are very low ranging respectively from 0.05 to 0.11 and 0.25 to 0.63. Available phosphorous contents are below critical level. Calcium and Magnesium dominate the exchange complex of these soils. Their values range respectively from 12.96 to 15.04 cmol (+)/kg and 3.52 to 6.56 cmol (+)/kg. The CEC values are high, ranging from 44.64 to 57.84 cmol(+)/kg of soil. The CEC clay range from 89.92 to 117.02 cmol(+)/kg of clay. Base saturation percentage values are low, ranging from 37.05 to 42%, corresponding to a mean value of 39.74%. The studied soils are globally subjected to problems of low organic matter content, high coarse material content and low pH for the cultivation of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Groundnut, Maize and Cowpea. These problems could be solved through introduction of DMC systems, addition of available organic substrates, restoration of the cation balance and liming.
Key words: Soils, properties, genesis, suitability, North Cameroon.
Arid and semiarid zones cover approximately 40% of the land surface, with a continuous increase in the area by desertification processes, induced mainly by human activities and/or climatic change (Moshki and Lamersdorf, 2011; Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011). The detachment of particles of soil, surficial sediments and rocks, is caused by raindrops and runoff, hydrological processes of sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion, and through mass wasting and wind action (Kim and Gilley, 2008; Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011). In arid and semiarid areas, soils with little or no vegetation cover are exposed to torrential precipitation events, characterized by short durations and high intensities, and are prompt to the occurrence of physical and chemical processes that change the surface layer conditions (Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011). Surface cover associated with vegetation and rocks is known to have an important influence on the generation of sediment in semiarid landscapes (Nearing et al., 2005; Bautista et al., 2007). It is well documented that soils of arid and semiarid zones are very susceptible to water erosion (Cornelis, 2006) mostly due to a scanty vegetation cover, low organic matter content and the little resistance to the erosion forces (Nearing et al., 2005; Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011). Slope gradient is generally considered to be a factor that influences soil erosion in most environments (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) along with wind speed, soil cover, and rainfall force. Erosion and salinity continues to be a primary cause of soil degradation throughout the world, and has become an issue of significant and severe societal and environmental concern (Wei et al., 2007; Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011). About 80% of the world´s agricultural land suffers moderate to severe erosion, and 10% suffers slight to moderate erosion (Pimentel et al., 1995). Erosion by water and wind adversely affects soil quality and productivity by reducing infiltration rates, water-holding capacity, nutrients, infiltration rates, organic matter, soil biota and soil depth (Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011; Li et al., 2014; Padidar et al., 2016). Cameroon is also experiencing significant problems with land degradation and declining soil fertility due to soil erosion (Boli, 1996). Farmers have responded to pressures of feeding a growing population by clearing new land (Markham and Fonjong, 2015). They have also reacted to the diminished availability of new land by abandoning traditional practices of crop rotation and leaving fields fallow (Tsozué et al., 2015). There are also problems with soil erosion and droping water tables resulting from overgrazing and poor agricultural practices (Boli, 1996; Markham and Fonjong, 2015). In the Far North region of Cameroon, high population pressure, poor soil management practices, tree cutting for firewood, and overgrazing, combined with climate change factors and recurrent and more extended droughts, are resulting in desertification (Tsozué et al., 2015; Markham and Fonjong, 2015). Facing problem of land degradation, all land formerly devoted to cattle rearing are now cultivated, even soils developed on pediplain or sheet-flood glacis (Tricart and Cailleux, 1969) around granitic hills or inselbergs, naturally sandy and infertile. In this work, three questions specifically addressed. Firstly, what are morphological and physicochemical characteristics of soils developed on pediplain around granitic hills in Minawao in the Far North region of Cameroon? Secondly, to which group of soil do they belong? Third, are they really suitable for the growth of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize, Groundnut and Cowpea which are crops generally cultivated in the area since typical soils of arid and semiarid environment are poor in fertility according to Vásquez-Méndez et al. (2011)? According to The United Nations Refugee Agency, Minawao area shelters fifty six thousand, eight hundred and thirty-eight (56838) Nigerian refugees in May 2016 who leave their country due to "Boko Haram" exactions. Their presence and activities greatly affect the behaviour of few habitants of this area and might create food insecurity in the near future.
The study was carried out in Minawao in the Mayo Tsanaga Division (Far North region of Cameroon) (Figure 1). The studied site was located in a pediplain devoted mainly for Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize, Groundnut and Cowpea cultivation (10°35'02.9" N, 13°52'16.3 E, 581 m a.s.l.). The climate is characterized by a total annual rainfall of 1074 mm and a mean annual temperature of 26°C. The aridity index of de Martonne (1926) showed five months of rainy season from May to September (Aridity index > 20) and seven dry months (aridity index < 20) (Table 1). Natural vegetation had disappeared apart from some rare trees recalling the ancient dry forest. The relief was constituted of two geomorphological units, hills/inselbergs and pediplains. The bedrock was deformed granite characterized by an orientation of minerals, composed of quartz, feldspars and abundant biotite.
Field work consisted of direct observations, description of environmental settings and soil survey trough boreholes. Boreholes were made manually along a dense network of 20 to 50 m wide. This helped to define one major group of soil in the pediplain on the basis of some morphological profile characteristics (colour, texture, structure, coarse elements, etc) and to identify the point of implantation of a representative soil pit for detailed study. This was followed by soil description and soil sampling according to Hinsch Mikkelson et al. (2009). The main search characters were colour, thickness of horizons, coarse elements, texture, structure, porosity, consistency and boundaries between horizons. After collection, soil samples were packaged in plastic bags, labelled and sent to the laboratory for soil analyses in the University of Dschang. In the laboratory, bulk soil samples were air-dried at room temperature and then sieved (2 mm) to discard coarse fragments. Analyses were carried out on the fine fraction, and include particle size distribution, pH, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. For soil texture analysis, soil organic matter and carbonates were removed with hydrogen peroxide (30%) and diluted hydrochloric acid (10%), respectively. Then, soil samples were dispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate and particle size distribution was analysed by the Robinson's pipette method. Soil pH was measured potentiometrically in a 1:2.5 soil: solution ratio. Exchangeable bases and CEC were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a solution of ammonium acetate at pH 7. Total nitrogen was obtained after heat treatment of each sample in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and salicylic acid. The mineralization was accelerated by a catalyst consisting of iron sulphate, selenium and potassium sulphate. The mineralization was followed by distillation via conversion of nitrogen into steam in the form of ammonia (NH3), after alkalinisation of mineralized extract with NaOH. The distillate was fixed in boric acid (H3BO3) and then titrated with sulfuric acid or diluted hydrochloric acid (0.01 N). Organic carbon was determined by the Walkley–Black method (Walkley and Black, 1934). Soil organic matter (OM) content was obtained by multiplying soil organic carbon content by 1.724 (Walkley and Black, 1934). Available phosphorus was determined by Bray 2 method (Bray and Kurtz, 1945). In order to see if the studied soils were really suitable for Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize, Groundnut and Cowpea, main crops cultivated in the area, soils were evaluated following the method of Sys et al. (1991a, b, 1993). Soils' suitability for Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize, groundnut and Cowpea were classified as being highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), actually not, but potentially suitable (N1) and actually and potentially not suitable (N2), using simple limitation and parametric methods. The mean annual soil temperature (MAST) was calculated according to the following equation: MAST= 6.84 + (0.925*MAAT) - (0.0031*Precipitations) (Bai, 2009). In this equation, MAAT is the mean annual air temperature. The studied soils were classified according to Soil Survey Staff (2010). The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics with XLSTAT 2008.6.03. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between soil parameters.
Morphology of soils
The studied soil profile was 450 cm thick (Figure 2). From the surface to the bottom of the profile, four horizons were distinguished and presented as follow:
Humiferous surface (Ap) horizon (0-30 cm): The colour was dark olive brown (2.5Y3/3) when dry. The horizon was characterized by a clayey texture (fine earth), poorly developed lumpy structure; the consistence is slightly hard when dry and non sticky and non plastic when wet; coarse elements are abundant (50%), irregularly shape with various sizes and composed mainly of quartz and feldspars particles; rootlets are rare; the boundary is irregular and gradual;
Alluvial (B) horizon (30-160 cm): The colour was dark brown (10YR3/3) when dry. The horizon was characterized by a clayey texture (fine earth), a particulate structure; the consistency was slightly hard when dry, non sticky and non plastic when wet; coarse elements were dominant (>80 %), irregularly shape, with various sizes and composed mainly of quartz and feldspars, showing stratification in some part of the horizon; there were very few rootlets; the boundary was regular and abrupt;
Yellowish red (B) horizon (160-300 cm): The colour was brownish yellow (10YR6/6) when dry. The horizon was characterized by a clayey texture, a very fine blocky structure; the consistency was hard when dry, and sticky and plastic when wet; coarse elements were very few to few, irregularly shape, with various sizes; dark brown typic coatings were observed on the walls of some voids; the boundary was regular and gradual;
Saprolite (300-450 cm): It was light olive brown (2.5Y5/4) when dry, with a clayey texture (fine earth) and a granular structure; the consistency was hard when dry, slightly sticky and slightly plastic when wet; coarse elements were very few to few, irregularly shape, with various sizes, composed mainly of quartz and feldspars; there was a quartz vein in the upper part of the horizon, containing angular to subangular fragments of quartz of various sizes.
Physicochemical characteristics of soils
Textural classes of the studied soil were clay. Clay contents ranged from 45 to 49% (Table 2). They were very slightly variable along the soil profile (CV= 3.3%), characterized by negative skewness and kurtosis (Table 3). This soil fraction was followed by sand, whose contents ranged from 19 to 39%. Sand contents were moderately variable (CV=29.8%), characterized by negative skewness and kurtosis (Table 3). They are most represented in the upper part of the soil profile (Table 2). Silt contents on contrary, were the lowest. They ranged from 14 to 32%, with a mean value of 23.6% (Tables 2 and 3). They were moderately variable (CV= 31%), characterized by positive skewness and negative kurtosis (Table 3). There was a significant negative correlation between sand and silt (r=-0.99, p<0.05) (Table 4), confirming the opposite evolution of their contents with depth (Figure 3).
Soil pH was slightly acid and very slightly variable (CV=4.3%). It ranged from 5.7 to 6.4, with a mean value of 5.96 (Tables 2 and 3). No significant correlation existed between soil pH and other soil parameters.
Total nitrogen and organic carbon contents were very low ranging respectively from 0.05 to 0.11 and 0.25 to 0.63 (Tables 2 and 3). Their contents were moderately variable along the soil profile (15<CV<35) (Table 3). C/N ratios were low. They ranged from 2.21 to 5.54 and were high variable along the soil profile (CV=35.10%) (Tables 2 and 3). Available phosphorous contents were below critical level. They ranged between 2.40 and 5.15 mg/kg (Tables 2 and 3). No significant correlation was noted, except a significant negative correlation between C/N and Na+ (r=-0.95, p<0.05) (Table 4).
Calcium and Magnesium dominate the exchange complex of these soils. Their values ranged respectively from 12.96 to 15.04 cmol(+)/kg and 3.52 to 6.56 cmol(+)/kg corresponding respectively to mean values of 13.85 cmol(+)/kg and 5.18 cmol(+)/kg (Tables 2 and 3).
The CEC values were high and ranged from 44.64 to 57.84 cmol(+)/kg of soil (Table 2). The CEC clay ranged from 89.92 to 117.02 cmol(+)/kg of clay (Table 2). Base saturation percentage values were low, ranging from 37.05 to 42%, corresponding to a mean value of 39.74% (Table 3). They were very slightly variable and showed a negative skewness and kurtosis (Table 3). Except the significant positive correlation between Mg2+ and K+ (r=0.92, p<0.05) and S (r=0.90, p<0.05) and between K+ and S (r=0.99, p<0.05), no significant correlation was noted on the exchange complex (Table 4).
Soil classification
The studied soil profile was composed of two subsections (Figure 2). The upper part was characterized by dominance of mineral soil materials (160 cm) and absence of distinct pedogenic horizons. Coarse elements were dominant (50-80 %), irregularly shape, with various sizes and composed mainly of quartz and feldspars, without any structural organization, globally characteristic of alluvial materials. These characteristics observed in the upper part of the soil profile were those of the Entisols order and fluvent suborder (Soil Survey Staff, 2010). These soils remain dry for more than 90 cumulative days but less than 180 days according to the aridity index (Table 1), characteristic of ustic moisture regime. This permitted to classify them in ustifluvents great group and typical ustifluvents subgroup. Although the coarse material was very abundant, the fine earth which composed the soil was clayey and the mean annual soil temperature > 22°C, allowing to classify the studied soil as clayey isohyperthermic family. The upper subsection of the studied soil is thus a typic ustifluvents clayey isohyperthermic.
This upper classified part of the soils overlaid an ancient soil developed on granite, from which it was separated by a regular and abrupt boundary. This ancient soil was constituted of yellowish red B horizon and saprolite. The B horizon showed dark brown typic coatings which represented marks of translocation processes of silicate clays, characteristic of argillic B horizons. There was globally high supply of bases in this part of the soil, with base saturation greater than 35%. This ancient soil composed solely of a saprolite and a B horizon was classified as an Alfisols. These soils experienced drought for more than 90 cumulative days but less than 180 days according to the aridity index (Table 1), characteristic of ustic moisture regime. This permitted to classify this part of the soil profile in ustalfs suborder and haplustalfs great group. The fact that this part of the soil profile was buried permitted to classify it as thapto typic haplustalfs subgroup. The texture was clayey and the mean annual soil temperature was higher than 22°C, leading to the classification of this part of the soil in the clayey isohyperthermic family. The coated soil was thus a thapto typic haplustalfs clayey isohyperthermic.
Suitability of the studied soil for sorghum, cotton, soya, maize, groundnut and cowpea cultivation
Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize, Groundnut and Cowpea were main crops widely cultivated in the study area. Their high yields might permit to find solutions against food insecurity created by the installation of Nigerian refugees (56838 refugees) in this area. The studied soil were chemically fertile, but deficient in nitrogen, organic carbon and available phosphorous. Their contents were below the critical levels given by Tabi et al. (2013) and Euroconsult (1989).
On the climate characteristics view point, the mean temperature of the study area was highly suitable (S1) for the development of the six chosen crops. Precipitations were highly suitable (S1) for Cotton, Soya, Maize and Groundnut, but moderately suitable (S2) for Sorghum and Cowpea. Topography and wetness were highly suitable (S1) for the crops growth. On physical soil characteristics view point, texture/structure and soil depth were highly suitable for crop growth. Coarse fragments on contrary constituted a handicap. The studied soils were marginally suitable (S3) for Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Maize and Cowpea, but actually and potentially not suitable (N2) for the production of Groundnut (Table 5). On soil fertility view point, the studied soils were highly suitable due to apparent CEC and base saturation, except for Cotton where soils were moderately suitable for their growth due to base saturation. Soil pH was highly suitable for Sorghum, Soya, Maize and groundnut, but moderately suitable for Cowpea and marginally suitable for Cotton. Organic carbon content might constitute a handicap for the production of all the chosen crops. It was moderately suitable for Sorghum and Cotton growth but marginally suitable for the four others (Table 5). On the salinity view point, the studied soils were highly suitable (S1) for the selected crops growth.
Globally, the studied soil was moderately suitable for Sorghum, Cotton, and Cowpea due respectively to low organic content, low organic content and base saturation, soil pH and precipitations during crop cycle (Table 5). It was marginally suitable for Cotton, Soya and Maize due to low organic carbon content and high coarse fragments, but marginally suitable for Sorghum and Groundnut due only for coarse fragments and low organic carbon content respectively. This soil was permanently not suitable for Groundnut due to high coarse fragments content (Table 5).
Morphological and physicochemical properties
The studied soil was morphologically characterized by two subsections. The first subsection on top showed stratifications which characterize poorly develop soils (Bourgeon, 1989), classified as typic ustifluvents. It overlaid the second subsection of the profile which was classified as thapto typic haplustalfs. This soil morphology is frequently observed in semi-arid pediplains (Bourgeon, 1989). The Ap horizon had high sand content (39%), high quantity of coarse fragments (>50%), average clay content and weak lumpy structure. These properties make the soil very vulnerable to erosion as much as the fragments are easily detached under the impact of rain-drops or running water (Kim and Gilley, 2008; Fasina et al., 2015). The particles tend to lie in close contact due to low contents of bridging materials like organic matter. The land on which most of the soils are situated should not be mechanically cleared as it is done now because this exposes the structurally imbalanced subsoil to erosion, leaching, degradation and compaction (Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011; Fasina et al., 2015). Soil with higher clay particle content has more stable aggregates against wind erosion (Chen, 1991).
The low organic carbon content of the studied soil might be due to continuous cultivation and frequent burning of farm residues. It might also be due to the effect of high temperature and relative humidity which favour rapid mineralization of organic matter (Fasina et al., 2006; Van Leeuwen et al., 2015). The soils with low organic matter content are prone to wind erosion during the dry and windy fallow period (He et al., 2008). The studied soils have good levels of exchangeable bases, but nitrogen, phosphorous and organic contents are below the critical level. These low contents are due to the absence of vegetation, consequence of competition between farmers and breeders for much (Dongmo et al., 2007). In fact, soils under tree canopies in semiarid environments are often more fertile than soils from the surrounding grasslands. Quantities of mineralizable nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, organic matter, and the microbial biomass, are significantly higher in soils beneath the canopy than in the open area (Belsky et al., 1989; Vásquez-Méndez et al., 2011).
Soil genesis
Within most landscapes, there is movement of material from one soil to adjacent soils. Movement can take place both on the soil surface and beneath the surface (Buol et al., 2011). The upper subsection of the studied soil is the result of surficial erosion which corresponds to lateral removal of material from the surface of soil by raindrop splash and runoff waters. It also corresponds to transfer of material from hillslope to lower parts of the slope and the accumulation of mineral material by water on the surface of the soil. This accumulation, also called cumulization or accretion, may be considered as geogenic rather than a pedogenic process (Buol et al., 2011). It is well recognized through stratification noted in the upper subsection. Those characteristics, lead to the classification of this upper part of the studied soil in the Entisols order. Erosion and cumulization, commonly recognized as paired processes, are associated in the landscape of the study area. The major factors determining soil genesis, classification, morphological properties, and account of diagnostics horizons in this area appear to be the result of the topography causing erosion rather than climate and the nature of parent material affected by leaching regime and weathering rates (Ozaytekin and Uzun, 2012).
The below subsection classified as thapto typic haplustalfs may be an ancient weathering profile. This soil was formed under more humid climate different from the semi-arid climate which prevailed now in the studied area. This ancient climate leads to the differentiation of a thick soil profile (thickness > 3 m) with a yellowish brown clayey B horizon of 140 cm thick. The absence of an A horizon between the two subsections might be due to the fact that the upper part of the ancient soil profile was removed by erosion process which stops when climatic conditions change into others, favourable to cumulization process. It might also be due to the fact that the slope was eroded until the slope gradient and runoff slowdown, allowing much of the sediment in the runoff from the hillslopes to deposit (Nearing et al., 2005). This leads to peneplanation process which affected all the studied area leading to the formation of the upper part of the studied soils.
Soil suitability
For the cultivation of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Groundnut, Maize and Cowpea, the studied soils are globally subjected to problems of low organic matter content, high coarse material content and low pH for groundnut growth. The low organic matter content has to be substantially increased through effective crop residue management with increased use of leguminous plants as well as judicious use of organic fertilizers (Fasina et al., 2015). It might also been increased trough the introduction of direct-seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems (Brown et al., 2002; Ndah et al., 2015, Tsozué et al., 2015). Soil organic matter was an essential component of soil quality, governing processes like carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water retention and soil aggregate turnover (Tsozué et al., 2015; Van Leeuwen et al., 2015). Addition of available organic substrates would promote the growth and activity of indigenous microorganisms (García-Orenes et al., 2010). The accumulation of biomass on the soil surface in the DMC systems, while increasing soil biological activity, intensified the mineralization process of OM, leading thus to rapid mineralization of soil OM, which would therefore improve soil structure (García-Orenes et al., 2009; Costa et al., 2015; Tsozué et al., 2015) and plant nutrition (Chabanne et al., 2001; Séguy et al., 2001). Postharvest incorporation of plant residue into the soil instead of the usual burning of crop residue to stimulate the emergence of new flushes for grazing will stabilize the soil aggregates (Fasina et al., 2015). The problem of acidic pH could be solved by restoration of the cation balance through appropriate use of chemical fertilizers and liming (Verdoodt and Van Ranst, 2003; Asio et al., 2006; Fasina et al., 2015). DMC system is recommended because of the high content of coarse elements in the studied soils. The soil with high coarse elements contents must always be under cover to prevent serious erosion (Fasina et al., 2015).
The studied soils are very thick, characterized by clayey texture. They are slightly acid. The total nitrogen and organic carbon contents are very low and the exchange complex is dominated by calcium and magnesium. These soils are composed of two subsections: the upper subsection, largely dominated by coarse elements is classified as typic ustifluvents clayey isohyperthermic and the below one as thapto typic haplustalfs clayey isohyperthermic. The upper subsection was form by stripping of ancient soil trough erosion and accumulation of coarse elements from hillslopes by cumulization processes. The studied soils are globally subjected to problems of low organic matter content, high coarse material content and low pH for the cultivation of Sorghum, Cotton, Soya, Groundnut, Maize and Cowpea. These problems could be solved through introduction of DMC systems, addition of available organic substrates, restoration of the cation balance and liming.
Authors thank Dr Gountié Dedzo Merlin of the Higher Teachers' Training College of the University of Maroua for his help during field surveys.
Asio VB, Cabunos CC, Chen ZC (2006). Morphology, physiochemical characteristics, and fertility of soils from quaternary limestone in Leyte, Philippines. Soil Sci. 171:648-661.
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Chen GT (1991). Analyses of mechanical composition and resistance to wind erosion of soil in Beijing plain. J. Arid Land Resour. Environ. 5:103-113.
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Costa JL, Aparicio V, Cerdà A (2015). Soil physical quality changes under different management systems after 10 years in the Argentine humid pampa. Solid Earth 6:361-371.
De Martonne E (1926). Aréisme et Indice d'Aridité. Comptes Rendus Académie des Sci. 181:1395-1398.
Dongmo AL, Havard M, Dugué P (2007). Gestion du foncier et de la biomasse végétale : fondement de l'association de l'agriculture et de l'élevage en zone de sédentarisation au Nord-Cameroun. In Exploitations agricoles familiales en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre. Paris, France, Quae.
Euroconsult (1989). Agricultural compendium for rural development in the tropics and the subtropics, Elsevier Amsterdam.
Fasina AS, Shittu OS, Omotoso SO, Adenikinju AP (2006). Response of cocoa to different fertilizer regimes on some selected soils of Southwestern Nigeria. Agric. J. 1:272-276.
Fasina AS, Raji A, Oluwatosin GA, Omoju OJ, Oluwadare DA (2015). Properties, Genesis, Classification, Capability and Sustainable Management of Soils from South-Western Nigeria. Int. J. Soil Sci. 10:142-152.
García-Orenes F, Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J, Guerrero C, Bodí MB, Arcenegui V, Zornoza R, Sempere JG (2009). Effects of agricultural management on surface soil properties and soil-water losses in eastern Spain. Soil Till. Res. 106:117-123.
García-Orenes F, Guerrero C, Roldán A, Mataix-Solera J, Cerdà A, Campoy M, Zornoza R, Bárcenas G, Caravaca F (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activity under different agricultural management systems in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil Till. Res. 109:110-115.
He JJ, Cai QG, Tang ZJ (2008). Wind tunnel experimental study on the effect of PAM on soil wind erosion control. Environ. Monit. Assess. 145:185-193.
Hinsch Mikkelsen J, Cools N, Van Braeckel A, Van den Bergh E (2009). Guidelines for site and soil description of estuarine Tidal flats and Marshes. INBO, Kliniekstraat, Brussels.
Kim M, Gilley JE (2008). Artificial Neural network estimation of soil erosion and nutrient concentrations in runoff from land application areas. Comput. Electron. Agric. 64:268-275.
Li W, Han P, Yu L, Shi Y, Duan H, Yang P (2014). Research of relationships between initial moisture content of sand soil and its nutrient loss in Hulun lake basin. J. Appl. Sci. 14:2073-2078.
Markham WT, Fonjong LN (2015). Saving the Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Organizational Dynamics and Effectiveness of NGOs in Cameroon. First edtion, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Moshki A, Lamersdorf (2011). Growth and nutrient status of introduced black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) afforestation in arid and semi arid areas of Iran. Res. J. Environ. Sci. 5:259-268.
Ndah HT, Schuler J, Uthes S, Zander P, Triomphe B, Mkomwa S, Corbeels M (2015). Adoption potential for conservation agriculture in Africa: a newly developed assessment approach (QAToCA) applied in Kenya and Tanzania. Land Degrad. Dev. 26:133-141.
Nearing MA, Kimoto A, Nichols MH, Ritchie C (2005). Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition in two small, semiarid watersheds. J. Geophys. Res. 110: F04020.
Ozaytekin HH, Uzun C (2012). Comparison of weathering rates of the soils classified in alfisol and entisol order developed on limestone in the taurus mountains at east mediterranean region. Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci. 7:109-120.
Padidar M, Jalalian A, Abdouss M, Najafi P, Honarjoo N, Fallahzade J (2016). Effets of nanoclay on some physical properties of sandy soil and wind erosion. Int. J. Soil Sci. 11:9-13.
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Wischmeier WH, Smith DD (1978). Predicting Rainfall ErosionLosses: A Guide to Conservation Planning, Agric. Handbk., 537, US. Gov. Print. Off., Washington, D. C.
Back to Vol. 11 No. 36

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why do threads accept only one argument in c? As the title says, I'm curious as to why thread functions accept only one void * argument instead of how a normal function accepts whatever arguments you want to pass in:
#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict thread,
                const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr,
                void *(*start_routine)(void *),
                void *restrict arg);

I'm talking about that last arg in pthread_create which gets passed to start_routine.
I know that you can condense multiple arguments into a struct and then pass a pointer to it, but I don't understand why, I couldn't find a single lead that can help me answer the question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Cloud compliance issues are no reason for enterprises not to move to the cloud. Expert Mike Chapple explains why, as well as what to keep in mind about cloud compliance.
doesn't make sense to me. Why is compliance an excuse to not use the cloud? What extra compliance challenges does the cloud create?
Cloud compliance issues should absolutely not be a barrier for organizations seeking to move computing resources to the cloud. I've personally worked with dozens of organizations that operate in highly regulated environments and have moved some or all of their computing resources to cloud service providers. I am not aware of a single mainstream regulation that prohibits the use of cloud providers.
Cloud providers understand that many customers have concerns about cloud compliance issues, and they have gone out of their way in recent years to ensure that their operations comply with relevant standards and to make the details of their compliance available to their customers.
Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, the two largest infrastructure as a service providers, publish compliance details on the web and certify that their operations are compliant with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), among dozens of other standards. Other major public cloud providers also have detailed information about how their services address major compliance requirements for customers, so enterprises shouldn't have a hard time finding the information they need.
The key thing for customers to remember is that security and compliance are both always shared responsibilities. While a cloud provider may operate their own systems and business processes in compliance with a particular standard, the customer remains responsible for ensuring that they use those services in a manner that remains compliant. However, that's certainly an achievable task, as demonstrated by the many regulated organizations currently using cloud computing services.
What cloud compliance issues does your organization run into, and how do you handle them?


The Further Draft of the Peterborough Local Plan, which will set out how the city and its villages will grow and change over the next 20 years was recently sent out for public consultation ending on 9 February 2017. As the City Council says this "..is your chance to make a real difference and help make Peterborough and the surrounding villages a great place to live, work and visit." The Peterborough Civic Society has made extensive comments and a number of objections focusing on a relatively short list of issues where the new Local Plan differs from the existing one.
The most significant feature of the plan is the inclusion of a large new settlement on land to the north of the A47 at Castor and Ailsworth. This proposal they have called 'Great Kyne' and would consist of 2500 dwellings on land in Government ownership to the north of the bypass with land between the bypass and the villages dedicated as a country park. The plan includes land for employment and a 'university campus'. The Civic Society objects to the Great Kyne proposal fundamentally because the reasons for its inclusion have not been made in the plan. The failure to finalise the promised 'Growth Strategy Report' at this stage of the Local Plan process is a major deficiency. It does not enable an informed discussion of the relative merits of this and alternative locations or solutions to the requirement to accommodate growth in the late period of this plan.
There are doubts about the financial viability of the proposal. This site was part of the proposed Castor Township under the New Towns Act which in the early 1980's was to contain about 5000 dwellings and employment areas. At that time the relatively detached nature of the site made the financial cost of infrastructure much higher than in the other previously implemented townships of Bretton, Orton and Werrington Add to this the cost of 'the Country Park' and the halving of the capacity to 2500 dwellings it must bring into question the overall viability of the allocation.
The choice to define the allocation to the north of the A47 is illogical and will have a harmful effect on the rural landscape. The development as proposed would extend up the sloping land to the ridge line creating an over prominent feature in the landscape. Its large scale is contrary to the character of settlement in this landscape of small villages. A 2500-dwelling development would be an alien form of development in this location. The Nene Valley High Value landscape is characterised by small villages, long views of churches such as Castor, Wansford and Waternewton, high levels of access by walkers and horse riders, and woodlands of importance for their biodiversity. The scale of development proposed would be contrary to established planning policies which require development to be 'sensitive to its landscape setting'.
The scheme will have a seriously negative impact on Castor Hanglands. Its heavy use as an informal recreational space by so many additional residents living nearby may damage its value as a National Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The earmarking of such a large area for development creates a suspicion that the main reason for this allocation, contrary to so many other policies of the Local Plan, is based on the fact that the land involved is in public ownership. This is not, on its own a sound basis for development planning on this scale.
The references to a campus style university seem to have little basis in present-day reality. The reference to the inclusion of the university 'as part of the new settlement north of Castor and Ailsworth' seems at odds with the expectation that a university should have a key role in regeneration of the urban area and injecting greater life and vigour into the City Centre. Moreover the location is too far from the relevant educational establishments in Peterborough to be a realistic proposal in this location.
The aspiration to establish a university in the city is supported. To have any realistic chance of securing it the Local Plan has to be much more positive and explicit in its support. It should select and promote a site or sites, preferably in, or close to the city centre. Such a potentially significant proposal as a university campus should be based on a thorough feasibility study which amongst other things would explore the land and infrastructure requirements of a campus for 12,500 students. A city centre campus might need a site area amounting 20 to 25 ha. Such a large land user cannot be a mere footnote to a policy as it is in this Plan.
Planning applications reviewed over the last few years by the Society reveal a pattern of lowering of internal space standards by developers building for rent, leading to increasingly cramped living spaces. At this time of severe accommodation shortage a 'race to the bottom' is taking place which, if it is to be stemmed, requires local authority leadership. Accordingly we strongly urge that minimum internal space standard be adopted for one and two bedroom dwellings. There has also been a decline in the general quality of spaces, the streets, crescents, courtyards and so on, created in new housing schemes. It would greatly improve the quality of planning applications for residential development if further guidance could be provided by adopting an updated Peterborough Residential Design Guide.
The policies relating to a large scale performance space are confused, unclear and out of date. The reference to 'a larger theatre' needs to be more precise especially in the light of various national bodies' recent comments on the Broadway Theatre planning application. At least an approximate seating capacity figure should be quoted. The existing Broadway Theatre together with some expansion and remodelling would provide the large theatre needs of the city and should be specifically supported here.
Policy 29 supports the provision of a regionally/nationally flexible multi-use venue in spite of the presence of the East of England Arena at the Showground. The role and place of the Arena does not seem to be addressed in the Plan. We need to make the best of what we have before duplicating facilities.
Important views of Peterborough Cathedral are touched on in Policy19 but there is no definition of where these important views are and what parameters will apply. This invites a creeping erosion of these views. At very least a diagram should be incorporated in the document to enable a meaningful interpretation of this part of the policy.
It would strengthen policy if reference could be made to 'A study of Strategic Cathedral Views' (one-such was drafted by the Civic Society in 2001) where all important sight-lines are identified and would be taken into account in assessing specific development proposal. Elsewhere in the Plan redevelopment bordering Stanley Rec is mentioned. This is probably the most important area where specific views of the Cathedral should be identified and protected from encroachment by development. They should be defined and included in this Local Plan in some form.
The Plan in most respects carries forward the vision and policies of the current City Centre Plan. There are some changes of emphasis and content. The most significant of these is in the North Westgate Area where major retail and entertainment expansion have been quietly dropped. A more realizable redevelopment of this neglected area, led by a new residential allocation of 200 dwellings is specified. This is in addition to the 100 permitted in a planning application granted for a mixed use development in 2015.
The 'Northminster Opportunity Area' is intended to accommodate high quality office development and 300 dwellings. As this is almost a fully developed area the plan should be more specific about the buildings which may be redeveloped or converted to these uses. As the multi-storey car park and City Market are two of the larger sites in this area clarification is important.
In an area sub-titled Riverside North the policy is to restrict built development to the northern part of the area, along Bishops Road, is appropriate. One site for 25 houses on the old Wirrina car park is shown on the Policy Plan but no site is shown for the other 75 dwellings included in the policy statement. A location for the other 75 dwellings should be shown on the map. Alternatively an 'Opportunity Area' within which they could be provided could be delineated.
In the main the policies for the City Centre are lacking in providing a strong and inspirational lead for development and enhancement. Almost all the sites outlined for development, apart from North Westgate, are in City Council ownership. They may all come under the umbrella of the joint venture company, Peterborough Investment Partnership which could mean that we may see some cranes in the skyline!
The vision statements are all very laudable but to get that 'feel good factor' a much more positive set of guidance is needed. Perhaps it is not the function of a 'Local Plan' and what is really needed is a good old fashioned 'Master Plan'.
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The Simpsons - Season 14 Episode 18 : Dude, Where's My Ranch?
When challenged to think up a new Christmas carol, Homer instead writes a song about how much he hates Ned Flanders. The song becomes such a hit that the Simpsons become sick of hearing it and take a trip to a dude ranch. Lisa develops affections for a local boy named Luke but becomes jealous when he hears him talking to a girl named Clara on the telephone. One night, she meets Clara and gives her the wrong directions, leading her to become lost. After Lisa discovers that Clara is actually Luke's sister, she rushes to find her. She saves Clara, and decides to tell Luke what happened, but he is offended and dumps her. Meanwhile, Bart and Homer decide to help a tribe of Native Americans who want a beaver dam removed so they can reclaim their land.


Only thing that really changed in game is this guy, who now sell some weird scrolls. A full list will be provided when it's released in KMS but just to show you what I mean by weird, one of them (20% One-handed weapon for ATT) adds 12 ATT but consumes 6 slots o_o. The 60% one adds 4 ATT and consumes 2 slots. And there's also a 50% ,40%, and 30% ones. Sucky scrolls :O.
There's General Hilla, the big scary boss. Girls please don't complain about the way she's dressed ('half naked bad chick'). From what I heard, Hilla wasn't even released yet. I didn't check the WZ yet (no .NET Framework 4, installation is still not done LOL), but that's really embarrassing if she wasn't released yet (update is coming tomorrow and the promo was all about Hilla).
Obviously I can't extract anything at this moment, so I got this picture from Leafre.net also (which got it from Southperry). Map of Aswan! Seems pointless since Aswan is just a mere PQ, but it's great for me because extracting Aswan would be much easier.
Last but not least, I just want to talk about this creature. It's CUTE! By the way I'm not a girl, just saying.
P.S. – This is my 100th post :O.
Hilla looks like she wants to do it with the Maplers.
I've been waiting for this for HOURS! Also didn't you get banned from leafre.
Still alive, I still have other forums to troll so I'm not banned yet.
Why is everyone trying to ban you?
I stopped a little bit because, instead, I write my troll comments on paper instead of the Internet.
Think the'll make the "Aswan scrolls" only usable on the 130 gear?
No, the PQ is for everyone 30+, they wouldn't do that.
Although, I'm not so impressed with the scrolls so I wouldn't mind that.
Lol you weren't banned for trolling (since ur aren't one), you were banned for being a stupid narcissistic jerk.
You posted this on the 11th and today it's the 12th.
In your post you said the patch was going to released tomarrow, which would be the 12th.
It's already out since yesterday, but I had technical difficulties… And Hilla wasn't released LOL.
Am I the only one who thinks that dragon thing looks like (the baby version of) fluffy the dracolich from dragonfable?


text:
Credit: Gabe Ginsberg/Getty Images & DC Comics
The Batman composer Michael Giacchino teases 'unique and different' take on Caped Crusader
Tag: The Batman
Tag: Michael Giacchino
Tag: Matt Reeves
Tag: Robert Pattinson
Robert Pattinson's big screen debut as Gotham's Caped Crusader is still a ways away, but you can bet that The Batman will be working hard to differentiate itself from all previous cinematic iterations of the DC hero.
Directed and co-written by Matt Reeves (Cloverfield), the project is still rounding out its cast before principal photography kicks off. With that said, we got a hold of the film's composer, Oscar winner Michael Giacchino (Up), to get his early thoughts on the high-profile and hugely anticipated comic book flick.
"It's early days still, obviously. It doesn't come out for another year or so," Giacchino (who joins the musical ranks of Danny Elfman, Elliot Goldenthal, Hans Zimmer, and Junkie XL) told SYFY WIRE, prefacing his excitement.
"What I'm really looking forward to is just working with Matt Reeves again to come up with a unique and different idea of what this character can be," he continued. "We've had different generations over the years, and I've enjoyed every single one of them. It'll be just fun to kind of do our version of it and to have a chance to say how we feel about that and how we feel about what he is — what he means to us as filmmakers. That's what I'm looking forward to most of all. That work has yet to be done, but I'm looking forward to getting into it."
Credit: Jason LaVeris/FilmMagic
The Batman marks Giacchino's fifth genre collaboration with Reeves, after Cloverfield, Let Me In, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, and War for the Planet of the Apes. An Oscar, Grammy, and Emmy winner he also wrote the scores for The Incredibles, Up, Star Trek, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, Zootopia, Inside Out, Doctor Strange, Jurassic World, Coco, Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Spider-Man: Far From Home, Jojo Rabbit, and more.
Pattinson's young version of Bruce Wayne will be joined by The Riddler (Paul Dano), Catwoman (Zoë Kravitz), and Commissioner Gordon (Jeffrey Wright). Jonah Hill was in talks for a villainous role but ended up passing.
Co-written by Mattson Tomlin, the movie is scheduled to swoop into theaters June 25, 2021.
Video of Tim Burton's Batman Has More WTF Moments Than A Prince Concert | SYFY WIRE


This game is also known as Japanese scanwords, Japanese crosswords, nonograms, Japanese puzzles, hanjie, and picross. But whatever we call it, you're sure to enjoy playing it!
- make any purchase in the game and forget about ads forever!
- well-thought out tutorial for beginners and experienced players alike.
- the best way to have fun and spend time in a useful way with your beloved!
- two in one: romantic atmosphere and exciting griddlers!


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Managing your warehouse in a cost effective and efficient way is one of the key components of a successful business.
That is why our most recent version of K8, K8 Babbage, is our most comprehensive and reliable release to date. As with our other modules, our warehouse management software can assist you in achieving effective warehouse management.
Products can be picked on a handheld device. This means that you can react to your customers' orders without reliance on paperwork. This is much quicker and more efficient and therefore means you give your customers the best service possible.
Easy to use and intuitive. The K8 software has been designed to make it as easy as possible for you to manage the stock in your warehouse.
Anytime anywhere access - Chrome-based browser access allows you to use tablets and a wide variety of desktops to access vital information. This allows you to look at up to the minute information wherever you are and make informed decisions based on the data. This is a tricky one because browser client does not support WMS apart from the ability to view data.
Links with other K8 modules – Like the rest of K8, the WMS module is fully integrated with our other modules meaning that you can keep tight control over your stock, sales, purchases, movements, and replenishments in your warehouse and different branches.
Improved warehouse management putaways – To save you time, the system can allocate your products automatically to your storage bins. It uses the physical attributes of your products and your storage bin to calculate this. You can also change the destination bin and number on LPN labels yourself manually if required.
The highly advanced software can assist with your stock and returns; shipping and receiving; putaways, picking and pick-face replenishment.
It can also work cross-dock and across bulk stores and accessed on handheld devices to facilitate efficient management throughout your warehouse space.


text:
La sentina o cala és la part inferior del casc d'una embarcació, la part més baixa de la sala de màquines, just per sobre del doble fons. I és el lloc on es recullen diversos desguassos i infiltracions. A més de l'aigua de mar que s'infiltra a través del casc, en aquesta zona hi ha rastres de tot tipus de líquid embarcat des de les cobertes, o bé generat per les diverses activitats del vaixell: petites pèrdues en canonades, juntes, bombes que puguin vessar-se en aquest espai a conseqüència del funcionament normal, combustibles, lubricants, condensació d'aire condicionat, aigua residual procedent del rentat de motors i ponts, etc.

A causa de la seva funció, de la sentina en general emana una olor desagradable, i la mala ventilació per la seva ubicació al vaixell i l'acumulació d'humitat poden fer necessària una desinfecció per ozonització.

Les aigües de sentines són purificades mitjançant separadors de matèria oliosa i bombades a l'exterior en alta mar; queden a bord els productes contaminants, coneguts amb el nom d'slop, els quals són retirats a port per al seu tractament i eliminació.

Els cellers de càrrega també tenen un pouet de sentines construït a popa de l'espai per sota del nivell del pla de cellers per tal de recol·lectar l'aigua de condensació que es genera a l'interior dels vaixells per la diferència de temperatures entre l'atmosfera exterior i la interior.

Vegeu també
 Athanasius Kircher
 Bomba de sentina

Referències

Enllaços externs

 20minutos.es

Parts d'un vaixell

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Second Amendment Principles Become Self Defense Practicality
September 15, 2020 By E.J. Smith - Your Survival Guy
By Robert Przybysz @ Shutterstock.com
You may be one of the many Americans who has long supported the Second Amendment but never felt inclined to own a firearm yourself.
That group of Americans is shrinking rapidly, as those who have long believed in the Second Amendment but never owned a firearm are purchasing guns at record rates.
First-time gun ownership is soaring, and it's not because of some newfound philosophical understanding of the Second Amendment. Gun ownership is soaring because of the practical need for self-defense.
Americans are literally watching their police forces sent home. Cities across the nation are defunding (read: firing) police and sending them home. Americans watching their police sent home are not happy.
Who's left to protect the streets from the rioters, looters, and thugs who are causing havoc in America's cities?
You have read that when seconds count, police are minutes away. Now, when seconds count, the police may never come because they've been fired.
William McGurn, a longtime columnist for The Wall Street Journal, and previously purely philosophical supporter of the Second Amendment tells readers of his quest to buy a gun in New Jersey, and his becoming a new gun owner. He writes:
On Monday it became official: The police issued me a gun permit.
Never did I imagine I'd be here. Not because I was anti-gun. My dad was a career FBI agent, so my siblings and I grew up with guns.
At the same time, my father was never particularly interested in guns. To no avail, we would beg him to go to shoots to show off his skills. More frequently he would remind us that many who keep guns in the house are more likely to shoot a friend or family member than a would-be robber or rapist. His proudest boast about his own career was that not once did he have to shoot anybody.
This may help explain why we all grew up supporting the Second Amendment in principle while not much interested in the practice. What changed? Certainly the rioters played a key part. But far more shocking than the rioters themselves has been the associated spectacle of police and political authorities across America standing down in the face of night after night of criminal behavior directed at the lives and livelihoods of innocent, law-abiding citizens.
Even in suburbia, many are no longer confident our authorities would or could keep us safe. In a small suburb such as mine, what would happen if even 100 or 200 people bent on violence were to arrive at once? Could our small police force really handle it? Or would we be left to fend for ourselves like Mark and Pat McCloskey in St. Louis, who defended their home and were then treated as if they were criminals?
A few years back, I asked a former colleague whom I knew to be pro-Second Amendment philosophically if he owned a gun. He answered no, and then asked if I had one. I said I wouldn't know what to write down as my reason for wanting one.
He told me, "Write down, 'Because I don't trust the government.' "
That might have worked for the Founding Fathers. But in today's New Jersey—a state ranked by the Giffords Law Center's annual Gun Law Scorecard as the nation's most restrictive after California—the response might be 40 squad cars on the front lawn by morning. I say this only half in jest: Do other Americans buying guns for the first time find it as grating as I do to learn that we need government permission to exercise a constitutional right?
Equally illuminating has been learning about guns and those who own them. Over four decades in the news business, I have often written about the National Rifle Association, usually about some proposed new gun law. Most recently the NRA has been in the headlines over a lawsuit filed by New York's attorney general in which she accuses top leaders of decades-long corruption and misspending.
But our family's decision to buy a gun has introduced us to the side of the NRA more Americans see: the education side. The NRA has courses, online and in person, for almost everything. The NRA instructor my wife and I engaged, Billy De Almedia, was firm, professional and patient.
It's not just the instruction that impresses. It's the sheer Americanness of a private organization established to support a constitutional right in all its manifestations, from defending the Second Amendment legally and philosophically to instilling in newbies such as myself the respect for guns necessary to keep and use them safely. Not to mention a taste of the satisfaction that comes from mastering a new discipline.
Surely if the government were to assume the functions the NRA provides, the experience would be akin to going to your local Department of Motor Vehicles. In America, by contrast, the ethos emphasizes private initiative and responsibility. In our new interactions with gun owners, gun instructors and owners of gun ranges, my wife and I have found them unfailingly eager to help and to answer even the dumbest questions.
This year a record five million law-abiding Americans, like us, have become new gun owners. Many don't fit the stereotype: African-Americans account for the largest percentage jump in gun ownership, while women are 40% of first-time buyers. These new buyers join an even larger demographic: the 43% of American households that already have a gun.
McGurn did something right away that I urge you to do as well, after getting a gun he got trained on its proper use and safety.
If you are purely philosophical supporter of the Second Amendment, now may be the time to make your support practical. The defense of your family may rely on it.
Action Line: If you are a new gun owner or a gun owner who has never received proper training, there's no better time than today. Get your training now.
Everyone has the Inherent Right to Self Defense
Clinton Slams the Second Amendment
The Truth About the Second Amendment
Clinton Against Second Amendment
A Look at the Future of Main Street America
To Me There Isn't a Better Way to Live
Joel Salatin and Alfie Oakes, America's Food Kings


Our passion in creating and sharing flavors has built for our guests an extensive menu from which they can choose from. We are always grateful to know that our creations have continued to happily reach the appetites and homes of many guests across the country, and even abroad. You can also download our BROCHURE for Large Food Order and Take Out Nook here.


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text:
Who is the Ultimate Slot Machine Cheater?
Experts say it is a short contest. He is currently working on an anti-cheating device. His invention will make all other cheating devices obsolete, he claims.
Tommy Glenn Carmichael, an inventor, and slot machine cheat, are widely regarded as the greatest. He designed slot machine machines that allowed him to rob casinos in the Caribbean and the United States for approximately 20 years.
Carmichael was visited by an old friend in 1980 at his Tulsa television repair shop. Ray Ming, his friend, had something to show Carmichael: a Bally slot machine.
Carmichael began at the bottom, with a 5-cent slot at a nearby casino. This was his first target. Legend has it that the result was $35. His first mistake in this kind of cheating was when the machines were being replaced. After that, Carmichael had to look into smaller casinos. His first arrest was made when he tried to enter these smaller casinos. He was arrested at one of the casinos and spent several years in prison.
You have the chance to change your criminal mind, as is the norm in jail. Carmichael was freed in 1987 and found that the machines he had used were no longer available. Instead, microprocessors were used in new video poker and slot machines.
Carmichael bought an IGT Fortune One, the video-poker machine, and invented the monkey paw, then inserted via the payout chute. The device manipulated the switch so that coins could be released into the payout bucket.
The computerization of machines in 1991 was a significant breakthrough in technology. First, he was able to view the inside of the device by pretending to be a manufacturer's customer. Later, he bought one of the machines. He then invented the "light wand."
The wand used small lights to blind the sensor, which caused the hopper to pay.


Review: Packed with fast paced action and passion that will burn you up!
For lovers of romantic suspense Ms Mann writes must read stories that will keep you on the edge of your seat and your heart pounding until the last word. Plots that are more than what they seem, characters that draw you in and emotion that will make you think you are right there in the midst of the journey.


Complementary to HSCMA's special session on Robot Audition, the technical program will include demonstration sessions. The goal of a demo session is to encourage researchers from academia and industry to present working prototypes of their research to the HSCMA audience. This is also a forum to demonstrate new products or proof-of-concept ideas in human-machine or human-human communication.
A list of HSCMA topics can be found here. In addition to the main topics, interdisciplinary work that crosses multiple technical areas is also encouraged.
All demo paper submissions must use the HSCMA template (2-page limit) and should include a technical description of the demo system. To be considered for the demo sessions, a demonstration of an experimental system or a working prototype is required. Each accepted paper will be allotted one slot with space for a poster board and a table with a power outlet for the demonstration system. The accepted papers will be included in the HSCMA proceedings. A demo of a research paper already accepted in the main program is also welcome, but a separate paper describing the demonstration system will need to be submitted.
All submissions should be sent via email to: special-sessions@hscma2017.org by February 8th 12:00 midnight PST.


text:
Q: Why may class which contains "typedef" defined in different parts lead to error? I'm using "typedef" in class definition, but when this class happens in different positions, it performs differently and may lead to an error. Please help me check the following code.
This version of code may cause an error:
#include <vector>
#include <string>
class B;
class A
{
    public:
        A() { }
        std::vector<B::size_type> vec;
};
class B
{
    public:
        typedef std::vector<std::string>::size_type size_type; // [Error] incomplete type 'B' used in nested name specifier
};

But the following code runs normally:
#include <vector>
#include <string>
class B
{
    public:
        typedef std::vector<std::string>::size_type size_type;
};
class A
{
    public:
        A() { }
        std::vector<B::size_type> vec;
};

A: The problem is not in the typedef itself, but in the order of defining.
In the first code snippet, the compiler does not know what is this B::size_type - it only knows, that a class B exists. In the latter case, the compiler already knows your typedef, hence B::size_type.
This happens, because the compiler "reads" (parses) the code line by line and the order of definition matters.


These are an easy, delicious and quick dinner to make that you can customize by adding more veggies, less veggies, another variety of protein or leftovers that are already in your fridge for your family to create your perfect meal! This recipe is wonderful because it is all up to you! The ingredients below are simply guidelines and ideas for you.
While peppers cook, in large skillet heat olive oil over medium flame before adding in ground chicken, cooking until no pink parts remain. Next, stir in all other ingredients except the cheese, then reduce flame to low and cover. Allow skillet to simmer for 5 minutes.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<view xmlns="http://asyncode.com/View"
	xmlns:mg="http://asyncode.com/Mongo"
	xmlns:op="http://asyncode.com/Interpreter"
	xmlns:m="http://asyncode.com/email"
	xmlns:h="http://asyncode.com/Headers"
	inherits="_settings_">

	<post>
		<param name="email" type="email"/>
	</post>

	<set name="key" command="op:exec">generateID()</set>

	<set name="updateUser"
			 command="mg:update"
			 mg:coll="users">
		<where>{
			"email":$.email,
			"suspended": {
				"$ne":true
			}
		}
		</where>
		{
			"$set":{
				"resetPswdKey":$.key,
				"modtime":now()
			}
		}
	</set>

	<node name="sendMail"
				command="m:send"
				m:To="$.email"
				m:Sender="'register@'+$.domainName"
				m:From="'register@'+$.domainName"
				m:Content-Type="'text/html; charset=utf-8'"
				m:MIME-Version="'1.0'"
				m:Subject="$.sysName+' - reset your password!'"><![CDATA[Hello, {{$.email}}

Click here to reset your password.
]]>
	{{$.emailFooter}}
	</node>

</view>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Coming off a 7-3 week, Billi previews this weekend's EPL action, which is headlined by Chelsea's trip to London rivals West Ham. For the latest from the Sports Gambling Podcast Network(SGPN) please follow us on twitter @theSGPNetwork and subscribe on iTunes(https://subscribe.thesgpn.com).
Listen to EPL Show: Matchday 6 (Ep. 44) now.


text:
Q: WCF Security Question given this configuration :
<service name="WCFWSHttps.Service1" behaviorConfiguration="WCFWSHttps.Service1Behavior">
  <endpoint address="https://localhost/WCFWSHttps/Service1.svc" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="TransportSecurity" contract="WCFWSHttps.IService1"/>
  <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpsBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
</service>

what is <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpsBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> used for?
and how can i implement this enpoint in code behind. ie i have
 WSHttpBinding binding;
 ServiceHost svh

how can i add the mex thingi in code behind?

A: Imetadataexchange interface exposes methods to return the metadata information about the service like the method definition, data types of the return type etc. Basically metadata will be Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and helps the client to consume the service which you have exposed.
So there is no need to implement them and they are inbuilt in WCF.
You can find more info about the interfacte in here IMetadataExchange

A: this shows how to AddServiceEndpoint to your ServiceHost in code behind.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Tup.Cobar4Net.Parser.Ast.Expression.Primary.Function.Datetime
{
    /// <author>
    ///     QIU Shuo
    /// </author>
    public class Week : FunctionExpression
    {
        public Week(IList<IExpression> arguments)
            : base("WEEK", arguments)
        {
        }

        public override FunctionExpression ConstructFunction(IList<IExpression> arguments)
        {
            return new Week(arguments);
        }
    }
}


Monitor Audio Silver 300s are extraordinary value - no disappointments!
How's this for a recipe for a high-value speaker: Take a highly skilled designer, match him to a company with an audiophile ethos, mix in economy-of-scale manufacturing, and add the cost savings conferred by a company-owned factory in China. Put those ingredients together and you have the new Monitor Audio Silver 300, an astonishing amount of speaker for $2000 per pair.
Read Stereophile review by Kalman Rubinson below.
It seems to me that my review of Monitor Audio's Silver 8 loudspeaker was published only a few months ago. Actually, it's been three years. The Silver 8 so impressed me that I bought three of them, along with two Silver 2 bookshelf speakers, for my multichannel system in Connecticut—and still greet them as the newcomers to my system. So installing and reviewing their successors, the 300, from the sixth generation of Monitor's Silver line, seemed very familiar.
The Silver 8 and Silver 300 are quite similar three-way speakers. Their external dimensions differ by only fractions of an inch, their electrical specifications by similar degrees. The price is unchanged: $2000/pair. Both are products of the same design philosophy—slim, floorstanding cabinet, three-way, four-driver configuration—their differences representative of what Monitor has since felt it could do better.
The Silver 300s I received came in the premium Gloss Black finish (add $200/pair), which makes them look a bit more formal than the Black Oak of my Silver 8s, but the fit and finish of both are equally outstanding, particularly for the price. On the front of the 300 are two 6" woofers with dish-shaped, ceramic-coated, aluminum-magnesium (C-CAM) cones; above these is a similar-looking 4" C-CAM midrange driver, and at the top a 1" gold-colored C-CAM dome tweeter. Each drive-unit is held in place with a single long bolt fastened to a threaded insert on the enclosure's rear panel. This means that the entire frame of each driver is pressed into the enclosure by a mounting system that also increases the cabinet's overall rigidity. Each woofer is housed in its own tuned enclosure, vented at the rear through a port with a flared aperture, the port's bore striated to minimize turbulence. Foam plugs are supplied to block the ports if the bass in a specific room sounds excessive.
The midrange driver, too, has its own chamber, but it and the newly designed dome tweeter are also attached to a teardrop-shaped plate that includes a fixed, protective, perforated cover for the tweeter. The pattern of perforations is complex, and horizontally but not vertically symmetrical. The tweeter is centered between the left and right edges of the cabinet, close to the top cabinet edge. A lightweight, racetrack-shaped grille of sheer black fabric can be magnetically attached to cover all four drivers; I did all of my listening with the grilles in place.
On the Silver 300's rear are: the hex bolts that lock the drivers in place, one bolt per driver; the ports for the woofer sub-enclosures; and two sets of multiway terminals, bridged with jumpers; the speaker can be biwired or biamped.
The earlier Silver 8 had adjustable feet or spikes that screwed directly into its bottom panel, or into a matching plinth that in turn fitted into the bottom panel. Monitor recommended using the plinth, as it widened the speaker's stance and made it more stable, but allowed that some might prefer the look of a plinth-less Silver 8. Not I.
Instead of a plinth, each Silver 300 comes with four steel outriggers that bolt to the cabinet bottom, and to which are fitted the feet or spikes. This is a big improvement in several ways. First, the outriggers provide a stance even wider than the Silver 8's plinth, which is important: Although the exterior dimensions of the Silver 8 and Silver 300 are identical, the 300 weighs 6 lbs less, yet with the outriggers stands more securely and is more difficult to upset. Second, these are some of the few outriggers that are not so outlandishly macho as to attack my toes if I'm doing things near the speakers. Finally, the Silver 300 sits about 1" lower on the outriggers than does the Silver 8 on its plinth—which means that the bottom edge of my flat-screen TV more easily clears the 300s' tops.
Unpacking and setup were routine. I slipped the Silver 300s into the spots vacated by the Silver 8s, connected them, and began listening. Since the 300 is not substantially different in appearance from and shares the heritage of the 8, I wasn't surprised to find them just as immediately appealing. As I said of the Silver 8 three years ago, "I heard a welcome clarity in the midrange that gave all music a natural presence." Male and female voices, and orchestral and solo wind instruments, were tonally balanced and clearly delineated, making extended listening completely unfatiguing at any volume level.
But there was more to the Silver 300. In particular, the integration of the outputs of its treble and midrange drivers was notably smooth for a speaker costing only $2000/pair; as a result, massed voices were both more subtly revealed and less disturbed by obtrusive sibilants. Eriks Ešenvalds' The First Tears, from The Doors of Heaven, with the Portland State Chamber Choir directed by Ethan Sperry (CD, Naxos 8.579008), began with the choir's hushed voices spread from speaker to speaker and just beyond. Soon individual voices emerged, each with a distinctive character and from a particular position in the choir. As the recording proceeded through its dramatic peaks to its conclusion, there was never any unnatural highlighting of the many solo voices, nor were they masked by the sound of the larger ensemble. Thanks to the seamless handoffs from and to the Silver 300's tweeter and midrange—and John Atkinson's superb engineering of this recording—I had a transparent view of the entire performance.
I had a similar impression with Luciano Berio's Sinfonia for Eight Voices and Orchestra, in the exuberant performance by Peter Eötvös conducting the London Voices and the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (CD, Deutsche Grammophon 4775380). In the third movement, In ruhig fliessender Bewegung, listen to the superimposition of the person speaking on the swirl of voices and instruments as Berio appropriates bits from Mahler's Symphony 2. The complexity of the interplay was clearly revealed by the Silver 300's lovely reproduction of the treble range.
In terms of grip and delineation, the Silver 300's bass response was better than I might have expected from two 6" woofers. Eric Clapton's Unplugged(CD, Reprise 45024-2) was recorded at Bray Film Studios, in the UK, before a live audience, and has the ambiance of a relaxed concert—a feeling slightly enhanced by the inclusion of some very-low-frequency nonmusical noises, which the Silver 300 reproduced quite accurately. The bass elements of the music, too, were good, if in some direct comparisons the Silver 300s seemed to produce less bass overall than the Silver 8s. But I'd take their clean, taut performance over the more common undamped bass. If you want more bass, move them closer to the wall behind them than they were in my room—24" from wall to rear panels—or add a subwoofer.
The Silver 300s could present a seamless soundstage that extended slightly beyond the outer edges of both cabinets and had excellent center fill. Depth of soundstage was also good with all recordings, particularly the Ešenvalds disc. The Monitors' dynamic range exceeded what is neighborly for the smallish, 1800-cubic-foot listening room of my house in quiet exurban Connecticut.
The Silver 300s weren't capable of the kind of X-ray transparency that more exotic, more expensive speakers can achieve, but their upper range was free of blemish and brightness. Nor could they load my room with the upper-bass weight that a substantially larger, more expensive speaker can heft. Monitor does make speakers that can—eg, the Platinum PL300 II. The Silver 300 is an improvement over the Silver 8, to be sure; more significant, it is an advance over all those speakers to which I compared it.
At $2000/pair, the Monitor Audio Silver 300 has a lot of competition. Some of those other speakers do some things spectacularly right, and focus the listener's attention on those capabilities. I enjoyed the Silver 300 simply because it did nothing wrong. I felt no need to gain treble detail at the price of an accentuated high end, or to accept less midrange transparency in trade for a comfortable tonal balance. Regardless of the musical genre or source, the Silver 300 did the music justice.