"You can't help it. An artist's duty, as far as I'm concerned, is to reflect the times," Nina Simone once stated.
This quote headed the lecture given by civil activist, Bree Newsome, as she attested to just that. An artist, spearheading drives that reflect many of the recent events fueling the #BlackLivesMatter movement.
Newsome was not alone. Along with her fellow supporters, helping her was James Tyson. Tyson barely knew her, but courageously chose to wrap his fingers around the flagpole and act as a barrier between her and the police while they threatened to taser her.
A key factor in her progress for racial justice she said was her desire and thirst for more knowledge of African-American history.
She studied over police brutalities and church massacres that paid similar homage to times when blacks, by law, were segregated from whites. Instances like Trayvon Martin in 2013 mirrored Emmett Till in 1955, which in both cases, the men responsible, were acquitted. The Emmanuel Methodist Episcopal Church shooting in 2015 favored much to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963. History can find a way to repeat itself when hating on a person's skin color had never been completely eradicated by a federally mandated law.
She also took to heart personal stories that had been shared to her from family members. Stories passed from her grandmother, of her seeing her neighbor being dragged from his own house by members of the Ku Klux Klan for treating a white woman as a black Physician. Newsome spoke of her great uncle being lynched for the simple fact that his skin color was taken as a sign of inferiority.
The night showcased that African-American history does not begin with slavery. African people strived for many years before the introduction of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Slavery was an event that casted shame on the oppressor and not the oppressed. The basis of the modern United States was built on the backs oppressed people of color and yet is rarely touched upon in schools. Newsome's message expressed that blacks in America seemed to have been taught to hate themselves in order to make their white counterparts most comfortable.
Although slavery has been outlawed for more than a hundred years, Newsome talked about how mental captivity has been a formulated system of subjugation that resonates among this country to this day.
Bree Newsome engulfed herself in acts that spoke out about racial inequality pertaining to African-Americans. Marches, sit-ins, speeches and protests became an adopted lifestyle.
As a civil activist, she has gone out of her way to pave a way for future leaders of change. She believes that a dream continually deferred is not a plan of action, but has faith that anyone can make a change when they don't allow themselves to get lost in the process. It's not about how, it's about why.
Her plans for after her lecture series are to return to her community in North Carolina and work on reforms in education and mass popular political culture.
Newsome ended off on this note, "I want to be replaceable." A leader is a person who empowers, inspires, and motivates. She hopes there will be a day when she is no longer able to serve, that others will pick up where she left off. People have the immense audacity to think and feel and sense above any other species in the animal kingdom and what we do is allow our differences to keep us divided.
The activist expressed that it does not take everyone to be in the streets, to be holding signs or shaking fists. It take educators, lawyers, law enforcement; it takes courage.
Newsome's message to those in the audience was that as leaders, one should be replaceable in the enormous effect that their role in social justice will never be silenced.


text:
Archive for category: Past Events 2018
You are here: Home / Articles / Past Events 2018
Bamberg, Germany 2018
November 18, 2018 /0 Comments/in Past Events 2018 /by Elizabeth Rosenzweig
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 17:17:292018-12-18 20:38:43Bamberg, Germany 2018
Yonkers, NY, USA 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:58:072018-12-18 17:12:15Yonkers, NY, USA 2018
Rome, Italy 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:28:342018-12-18 16:30:09Rome, Italy 2018
Milan, Italy 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:19:242018-12-18 16:21:24Milan, Italy 2018
Orono, ME, USA 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:17:282018-12-18 16:19:12Orono, ME, USA 2018
Jakarta Barat, Indonesia 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:12:452018-12-18 16:15:49Jakarta Barat, Indonesia 2018
Guimarães, Portugal 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:05:222018-12-18 16:07:44Guimarães, Portugal 2018
Fishers, IN, USA 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 16:01:212018-12-18 16:03:33Fishers, IN, USA 2018
Zurich Area, Switzerland 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-18 15:59:322018-12-18 16:01:10Zurich Area, Switzerland 2018
Kansas City, MO 2018
https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/activities.jpg 1000 1000 Elizabeth Rosenzweig https://worldusabilityday.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wud-logo-color-header-1.png Elizabeth Rosenzweig2018-11-17 18:20:302018-12-17 18:22:22Kansas City, MO 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
News > The Men Behind The Glass > European Heritage Open Day - Fri 8 Sep 18
European Heritage Open Day - Fri 8 Sep 18
"The Men Behind The Glass" Was On Public Display For The First Time During The European Heritage Open Day On Saturday 8 September 2018.
The Men Behind The Glass
On Saturday morning the 8th of September 2018, the College was open as part of The European Heritage Open Day. During the morning over 300 people visited the school including many OCs, local residents, current and former parents.
A Level History students did the College proud as they hosted numerous tours for the visitors, as did Julian Robertson (6475).
Many visitors sought further information on their relatives who had attended the College and some brought new information.
Such was the case as a great niece of Robert Dilworth (1181) revealed that Robert had been killed in action on 20th December 1916 whilst taking part in a raid.
Tommy Fulton brought in the Army Discharge Papers of his Grand Father, Lance Corporal Milliken in the MG Corps, that had been signed by C S Lewis (1141).
A relative of Robert Thompson (503) brought in his Military Cross.
The school wishes to thank Julian Robertson and all the Tour Guides, the Heritage Lottery Fund (NI), PRONI and to all the exhibitors: History Hub Ulster, The Somme Association & Somme Museum, Military History Association of Ireland, North Down Museum, Living Legacies 1914-1918, Turas, the College CCF and also to Kilkenny College.
To view this photo gallery
Obituary - Frederick Marshall
It is with regret that the Society announces the death of Frederick Marshall. More...
Obituary- John Bailie
It is with regret that the Society announces the death of John Bailie. More...
25th Reunion Dinner - Class of 1993
The 25th Reunion Anniversary Dinner for the Class of 1993 took place at the College on Friday the 24th of August 2018. More...
The Old Campbellian Magazine 2018
Wanted - Articles, News Section updates, briefs, photos, your tales of success, intrigue and your endeavours. More...
We remember OC George H Herriot (1036)
Ne Obliviscaris More...


text:
Covid-19 Shipping & Info
Hogar Covid-19 Shipping & Info
Due to the incredible number of orders at this time, we are experiencing delays of 24 to 72 hours from normal operations. As usual, you will receive an e-mail confirmation when your order has shipped. We ask that you don't contact Customer Care about your order delay. Thank you for your patience.
Due to our current global circumstances, we are experiencing higher volumes than usual. Rest assured, your purchase is important to us and will be handled and processed as soon as possible. We're experiencing international delivery delays in all destinations due to flight cancellations and government restrictions because of COVID-19. We're working with partner airlines and other postal operators to move items as quickly as possible.
We're adapting our business during this challenging time.
We are doing everything possible to keep delivering during the Coronavirus pandemic. Most of our Post Offices are still open, while our posties and drivers are working to get your parcels to you.
However, the challenges presented by the pandemic mean there are delays as our business adopts additional safety measures to protect our people and customers. Other factors contributing to delays include fewer domestic flights, international delays and increased volumes as more people start shopping online.
Our people continue to work tirelessly under difficult circumstances, so we're asking everyone to be kind and treat our dedicated people with the courtesy and respect they deserve
*****************************************************************************************
Can the new coronavirus hitch a ride on packages delivered to your home from across the U.S. or overseas? Experts say there's really no reason to worry — it's extremely unlikely that the illness could ever be transmitted that way.
While it is theoretically possible that the virus could be present on the surface of a package, experts say it wouldn't last long. Dr. Jack Caravanos, clinical professor of Environmental Public Health Sciences at the NYU School of Global Public Health, told CBS News on Thursday that it is "highly improbable" due to the length of the journey and the harsh conditions it would face en route.
The coronavirus has "some environmental longevity (hours to days) depending on temperature, surface conditions, time and humidity," Caravanos said. But as the World Health Organization explains, "it is very unlikely that the virus will persist on a surface after it has been moved, travelled, and exposed to different conditions and temperatures."
"At this time, I truly believe viral transmission by contaminated packages is very unlikely." Caravanos said. "I would not take any special precautions opening or handling packages or envelopes."
"I have not seen any evidence to support transmission of the new coronavirus through mail and experts universally feel that the risk of spread from mail or packaging that is shipped over a period of days or weeks at ambient temperatures is remote," Dr. Michael Merson, a dean's special adviser at the New York University School of Global Public Health, told CBS News on Thursday.
"Shipping conditions are usually not conducive to the virus remaining viable," he said. "The disease is spread primarily by respiratory droplets directly from one person to another and this should be our focus."
The World Health Organization puts it bluntly: "People receiving packages from China are not at risk of contracting the new coronavirus. From previous analysis, we know coronaviruses do not survive long on objects, such as letters or packages."
Doctors and public health officials maintain that the best way to protect yourself from the coronavirus is by washing your hands frequently and thoroughly. You should also avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands, avoid contact with sick people, cover your mouth when you cough and sneeze, and disinfect objects and surfaces frequently.


text:
"use strict";
const assert = require("power-assert");
import TodoItem from "../../src/domain/TodoList/TodoItem";
describe("TodoItem-test", function () {
    it("could serialize", function () {
        const item = new TodoItem({
            title: "test"
        });
        const stringify = JSON.stringify(item);
        assert(stringify.includes("title"));
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: CPAL Mule licence I'm interested in Mule ESB but I dont understand the licence, could someone explan me the CPAL licence in simple words?
We have a commercial porduct (JavaEE web application) that neads to be integrated with solutions that are hosting in the cliens environment. For example a clienat has a SAP instalation or any other source of data and want to integrate it with our java web application. We woud like to Mule to achive this functionality, does the CPAL licence allow this?
Our application and Mule could be hosting on our internal machinery or at the clients, both ways are possible.

A: First: I do not know anything about law.
That said, the CPAL license is based on Mozilla Public License, which is less strict than GPL and you can mix license rather freely as long as the code stays open.
CPAL introduces a concept, that if you run your application with CPAL code in it (Mule for instance), as a "Cloud" service, then you will have to give out the code as well. Simply put, if you alter the Mule source code and host it as a cloud service, you will have to give out your modifications.
I really recommend you to talk to a lawyer in your area (which knows the local laws and immaterial laws etc). However, I do know about a few companies that "bundles" Mule CE with commercial products without concern for license issues in a way very similar to your situation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using Baseline;
using LamarCodeGeneration;
using LamarCodeGeneration.Frames;
using Marten.Internal.Storage;
using Marten.Linq;
using Marten.Linq.SqlGeneration;
using Marten.Schema;
using Marten.Services;
using Marten.Storage;

namespace Marten.Internal.CodeGeneration
{
    internal class DocumentStorageBuilder
    {
        private readonly Func<DocumentOperations, GeneratedType> _selectorTypeSource;
        private readonly Type _baseType;
        private readonly string _typeName;
        private readonly DocumentMapping _mapping;

        public DocumentStorageBuilder(DocumentMapping mapping, StorageStyle style, Func<DocumentOperations, GeneratedType> selectorTypeSource)
        {
            _mapping = mapping;
            _selectorTypeSource = selectorTypeSource;
            _typeName = $"{style}{mapping.DocumentType.Name.Sanitize()}DocumentStorage";

            _baseType =
                determineOpenDocumentStorageType(style).MakeGenericType(mapping.DocumentType, mapping.IdType);
        }

        private Type determineOpenDocumentStorageType(StorageStyle style)
        {
            switch (style)
            {
                case StorageStyle.Lightweight:
                    return typeof(LightweightDocumentStorage<,>);

                case StorageStyle.QueryOnly:
                    return typeof(QueryOnlyDocumentStorage<,>);

                case StorageStyle.IdentityMap:
                    return typeof(IdentityMapDocumentStorage<,>);

                case StorageStyle.DirtyTracking:
                    return typeof(DirtyCheckedDocumentStorage<,>);
            }

            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        public GeneratedType Build(GeneratedAssembly assembly, DocumentOperations operations)
        {
            var selectorType = _selectorTypeSource(operations);

            return buildDocumentStorageType(assembly, operations, _typeName, _baseType, selectorType);
        }

        private GeneratedType buildDocumentStorageType(GeneratedAssembly assembly, DocumentOperations operations, string typeName,
            Type baseType, GeneratedType selectorType)
        {
            var type = assembly.AddType(typeName, baseType);

            writeIdentityMethod(type);
            buildStorageOperationMethods(operations, type);

            type.MethodFor(nameof(ISelectClause.BuildSelector))
                .Frames.Code($"return new Marten.Generated.{selectorType.TypeName}({{0}}, {{1}});",
                    Use.Type<IMartenSession>(), Use.Type<DocumentMapping>());

            buildLoaderCommands(type);
            writeNotImplementedStubs(type);

            return type;
        }

        private void writeIdentityMethod(GeneratedType type)
        {
            var identity = type.MethodFor("Identity");
            identity.Frames.Code($"return {{0}}.{_mapping.IdMember.Name};", identity.Arguments[0]);

            var assign = type.MethodFor("AssignIdentity");

            _mapping.IdStrategy.GenerateCode(assign, _mapping);
        }

        private static void writeNotImplementedStubs(GeneratedType type)
        {
            var missing = type.Methods.Where(x => !x.Frames.Any()).Select(x => x.MethodName);
            if (missing.Any())
            {
                throw new Exception("Missing methods: " + missing.Join(", "));
            }

            foreach (var method in type.Methods)
            {
                if (!method.Frames.Any())
                {
                    method.Frames.ThrowNotImplementedException();
                }
            }
        }

        private void buildLoaderCommands(GeneratedType type)
        {
            var load = type.MethodFor("BuildLoadCommand");
            var loadByArray = type.MethodFor("BuildLoadManyCommand");

            if (_mapping.TenancyStyle == TenancyStyle.Conjoined)
            {
                load.Frames.Code(
                    "return new NpgsqlCommand(_loaderSql).With(\"id\", id).With(TenantIdArgument.ArgName, tenant.TenantId);");
                loadByArray.Frames.Code(
                    "return new NpgsqlCommand(_loadArraySql).With(\"ids\", ids).With(TenantIdArgument.ArgName, tenant.TenantId);");
            }
            else
            {
                load.Frames.Code("return new NpgsqlCommand(_loaderSql).With(\"id\", id);");
                loadByArray.Frames.Code("return new NpgsqlCommand(_loadArraySql).With(\"ids\", ids);");
            }
        }

        private void buildStorageOperationMethods(DocumentOperations operations, GeneratedType type)
        {
            if (_mapping.UseOptimisticConcurrency)
            {
                buildConditionalOperationBasedOnConcurrencyChecks(type, operations, "Upsert");
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Insert");
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Overwrite");
                buildConditionalOperationBasedOnConcurrencyChecks(type, operations, "Update");
            }
            else
            {
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Upsert");
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Insert");
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Update");
            }

            if (_mapping.UseOptimisticConcurrency)
            {
                buildOperationMethod(type, operations, "Overwrite");
            }
            else
            {
                type.MethodFor("Overwrite").Frames.ThrowNotSupportedException();
            }

        }

        private void buildConditionalOperationBasedOnConcurrencyChecks(GeneratedType type,
            DocumentOperations operations, string methodName)
        {
            var operationType = (GeneratedType)typeof(DocumentOperations).GetProperty(methodName).GetValue(operations);
            var overwriteType = operations.Overwrite;

            var method = type.MethodFor(methodName);

            method.Frames.Code($"BLOCK:if (session.{nameof(IDocumentSession.Concurrency)} == {{0}})",
                ConcurrencyChecks.Disabled);
            writeReturnOfOperation(method, overwriteType);
            method.Frames.Code("END");
            method.Frames.Code("BLOCK:else");
            writeReturnOfOperation(method, operationType);
            method.Frames.Code("END");
        }

        private void buildOperationMethod(GeneratedType type, DocumentOperations operations, string methodName)
        {
            var operationType = (GeneratedType)typeof(DocumentOperations).GetProperty(methodName).GetValue(operations);
            var method = type.MethodFor(methodName);

            writeReturnOfOperation(method, operationType);
        }

        private void writeReturnOfOperation(GeneratedMethod method, GeneratedType operationType)
        {
            var tenantDeclaration = "";
            if (_mapping.TenancyStyle == TenancyStyle.Conjoined)
            {
                tenantDeclaration = ", tenant";
            }

            if (_mapping.IsHierarchy())
            {
                method.Frames
                    .Code($@"
return new Marten.Generated.{operationType.TypeName}
(
    {{0}}, Identity({{0}}),
    {{1}}.Versions.ForType<{_mapping.DocumentType.FullNameInCode()}, {_mapping.IdType.FullNameInCode()}>(),
    {{2}}
    {tenantDeclaration}
);"
                        , new Use(_mapping.DocumentType), Use.Type<IMartenSession>(), Use.Type<DocumentMapping>());
            }
            else
            {
                method.Frames
                    .Code($@"
return new Marten.Generated.{operationType.TypeName}
(
    {{0}}, Identity({{0}}),
    {{1}}.Versions.ForType<{_mapping.DocumentType.FullNameInCode()}, {_mapping.IdType.FullNameInCode()}>(),
    {{2}}
    {tenantDeclaration}
);"
                        , new Use(_mapping.DocumentType), Use.Type<IMartenSession>(), Use.Type<DocumentMapping>());
            }
        }
    }
}


I was surfing the web the other day and came across these fun facts about where some of our traditions came from. I thought you would enjoy me sharing them with you.
For ancient Greeks and Romans, the bouquet was a pungent mix of garlic and herbs or grains. The garlic was supposed to ward off evil spirits and the herbs or grains were to insure a fruitful union. In ancient Poland, it was believed that sprinkling sugar on the bride's bouquet kept her temper sweet.
The wedding cake has always played an important part in the wedding. Ancient Romans broke a cake over the bride's head to symbolize fertility or abundance. Many other cultures dropped wheat, flour or cake on the bride's head, and then ate the crumbs for good luck. The early British baked baskets of dry crackers and every guest took one home after the wedding. In medieval times, guests brought small cakes and piled them on a table. The bride and groom then attempted to kiss over the cakes. Eventually, a young baker decided to put all the cakes together and cover them with frosting, thus the tiered wedding cake was born.
Traditionally, brides did not wear white wedding gowns. Through the 18th century, most brides just wore their Sunday best to their wedding. Red was a favorite during the Middle Ages in Europe. Other colors were worn for symbolic reasons: blue meant constancy and green meant youth. As years passed, white was worn as a symbol of purity. Today, white merely symbolizes the wedding and is worn by any bride, no matter if it is their second marriage.
The first weddings comprised of a groom taking his bride by capture. He would take her somewhere hidden away so her relatives and villagers couldn't find them. There they stayed for one moon phase and drank mead, a wine make from honey, to make them more amorous. Thus, the word "honeymoon" was born. Today, the honeymoon is the time when the couple can get away for awhile.
The first kiss a bride and groom share at the close of the ceremony has carried special significance through the centuries. Many cultures believed that the couple exchanged spirits with their breath and part of their souls were exchanged as well.
The wedding ring has traditionally been worn on the third finger of the left hand because it was believed that a vein in this finger ran directly to the heart. The third finger of the left hand has become the customary wedding-ring finger for all English-speaking cultures.
One of the oldest wedding traditions, the custom of throwing rice, originated with the ancient Hindus and Chinese. In these cultures, rice is the symbol of fruitfulness and prosperity. Tossing it after the ceremony was believed to bestow fertility upon the bride and groom. Eating rice and other grains was thought to guarantee health, wealth and happiness for the newlyweds. Today, rice tossing is being replaced by the more ecologically friendly birdseed tossing, because uncooked rice is damaging to birds who eat it off the church lawn.
Mystique and romance has surrounded the veil for more than one thousand years. Originally, the veil is thought to have been used to hide the bride from abductors, just as the similar dress of her bridesmaids was meant to do. But a more romantic interpretation evolved later which believed that concealment (as the bride's face beneath a veil) rendered what was hidden more valuable. Another early interpretation of the veil was that it symbolized youth and virginity.
Imagine Staying at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for $16.80 A Night!


text:
by Matt Beauvais — Wednesday, August 16, 2006, 11:38 PM EDT
The AOL Privacy Scandal's Disturbing Search Results
For a time, AOL was intent on creating a huge database containing what types of things people usually search for. When the operation was revealed, AOL apologized, removed the file, but not in time. 21 Million search queries is what the file contains, and with a number like that, you know you're going to see a great variety in what people like to search for. Love, revenge, material things, all of the usual stuff is there, mixed with some other things you may or may not expect.
"That database does not include names or user identities. Instead, it lists only a unique ID number for each user. What that means is that it's possible to view the search terms that users of a single account typed in while using AOL Search during a three-month period. (Google, Yahoo, and MSN Search aren't included.)"
Tags: AOL, Search, Privacy, Bing, results, can, vac, arc, LTS, ULT, scan, EA, AC, scandal, AR, Search Results, and


text:
What is an Airfoil in Aviation?
by Admin | Oct 24, 2017 | Aviation | 0 comments
You may or may not have heard what is an airfoil on an airplane.
What is an airfoil and how does it work?
An airfoil is the shape of the aircraft's wing, blade (of a propeller, rotor, or turbine). It is the term used to describe the cross-sectional shape of an object that, when moved through a fluid such as air, creates an aerodynamic force. Airfoils are employed on aircraft as wings to produce lift or as propeller blades to produce thrust. Both these forces are produce perpendicular to the air flow. Drag is a consequence of the production of lift/thrust and acts parallel to the airflow. Other airfoil surfaces include tailplanes, fins, winglets, and helicopter rotor blades. Control surfaces are shaped to contribute to the overall aerofoil section of the wing or empennage
The basic principle behind an aerofoil is described by Bernoulli's theorem. Basically, this states that total pressure is equal to static pressure (due to the weight of air above) plus dynamic pressure (due to the motion of air). Air that travels over the top surface of the aerofoil has to travel faster and thus gains dynamic pressure. The subsequent loss of static pressure creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces that is called the lift and opposes the weight of an aircraft (or thrust that opposes drag). As the angle of attack (the angle between the chord line and relative air flow) is increased, more lift is created. Once the critical angle of attack is reached (generally around 14 degrees) the aerofoil will stall.
According to Dynamic Flight (2002), several terms are used to describe what is an airfoil in aviation. Some of these are:
Leading Edge = Forward edge of the airfoil
Trailing Edge = Rear edge of the airfoil
Chord = Line connecting the leading and trailing edge, which indicates the length of the airfoil
Mean Camber Line = Line drawn halfway between the upper and lower surface of the airfoil, which denotes the amount of curvature of the wing
Point of Maximum Thickness = Thickest part of the wing expressed as a percentage of the Chord
By altering each of the above features of an aerofoil, the designer is able to adjust the performance of the wing so that it is suitable for its particular task. For example, a jet would have a thin wing with minimal camber to allow it to cruise at high speeds.


Washington State Centennial, an occidentale and rhododendron cross, was hybridized by the legendary rhododendron breeder in the Pacific Northwest, Dr. Frank Mossman. The name reflects a celebration of 100 years of statehood for Washington State. The photograph was taken in a coastal Washington garden on June 24, 2008. The blossoms open mostly gold and orange, and become whiter as they age.


text:
Q: Implement product type in Scala with generic update function working on its parts In Scala, I need to create a product type & that represents a compound value, e.g.:
val and: String & Int & User & ... = ???

I.e. and should have a String part and an Int part and a User parts inside. This is similar to Scala with keyword:
val and: String with Int with User with ... = ???

Having such product type I need a way to, having a function A => A, apply it to some product value and get that product back with A part altered. It implies that each type in product must be unique - that's acceptable.
One important limitation is that, when applying a function A => A to the product, I only know that the product has A somewhere inside but no information about other types it consists of. But as a caller of the function, I pass it a product with full type information and expect to get this full type back as part of function signature.
In pseudo-code:
def update[A, Rest](product: A & Rest, f: A => A): A & Rest

Using Shapeless or other esoteric stuff is okay for me. I tried using HLists but they are ordered, while something like heterogeneous set would be more appropriate here to represend A & Rest part.
UPDATE:
Here is the code that solves my use case taken from Régis Jean-Gilles answer below wit added read support, some comments, and improved type-safety:
object product {

  /** Product of `left` and `right` values. */
  case class &[L, R](left: L, right: R)

  implicit class AndPimp[L](val left: L) extends AnyVal {
    /** Make a product of `this` (as left) and `right`. */
    def &[R](right: R): L & R = new &(left, right)
  }

  /* Updater. */

  /** Product updater able to update value of type `A`. */
  trait ProductUpdater[P, A] {
    /** Update product value of type `A`.
      * @return updated product */
    def update(product: P, f: A ⇒ A): P
  }

  trait LowPriorityProductUpdater {
    /** Non-product value updater. */
    implicit def valueUpdater[A]: ProductUpdater[A, A] = new ProductUpdater[A, A] {
      override def update(product: A, f: A ⇒ A): A = f(product)
    }
  }

  object ProductUpdater extends LowPriorityProductUpdater {
    /** Left-biased product value updater. */
    implicit def leftProductUpdater[L, R, A](implicit leftUpdater: ProductUpdater[L, A]): ProductUpdater[L & R, A] =
      new ProductUpdater[L & R, A] {
        override def update(product: L & R, f: A ⇒ A): L & R =
          leftUpdater.update(product.left, f) & product.right
      }

    /** Right-biased product value updater. */
    implicit def rightProductUpdater[L, R, A](implicit rightUpdater: ProductUpdater[R, A]): ProductUpdater[L & R, A] =
      new ProductUpdater[L & R, A] {
        override def update(product: L & R, f: A ⇒ A): L & R =
          product.left & rightUpdater.update(product.right, f)
      }
  }

  /** Update product value of type `A` with function `f`.
    * Won't compile if product contains multiple `A` values.
    * @return updated product */
  def update[P, A](product: P)(f: A ⇒ A)(implicit updater: ProductUpdater[P, A]): P =
    updater.update(product, f)

  /* Reader. */

  /** Product reader able to read value of type `A`. */
  trait ProductReader[P, A] {
    /** Read product value of type `A`. */
    def read(product: P): A
  }

  trait LowPriorityProductReader {
    /** Non-product value reader. */
    implicit def valueReader[A]: ProductReader[A, A] = new ProductReader[A, A] {
      override def read(product: A): A = product
    }
  }

  object ProductReader extends LowPriorityProductReader {
    /** Left-biased product value reader. */
    implicit def leftProductReader[L, R, A](implicit leftReader: ProductReader[L, A]): ProductReader[L & R, A] =
      new ProductReader[L & R, A] {
        override def read(product: L & R): A =
          leftReader.read(product.left)
      }

    /** Right-biased product value reader. */
    implicit def rightProductReader[L, R, A](implicit rightReader: ProductReader[R, A]): ProductReader[L & R, A] =
      new ProductReader[L & R, A] {
        override def read(product: L & R): A =
          rightReader.read(product.right)
      }
  }

  /** Read product value of type `A`.
    * Won't compile if product contains multiple `A` values.
    * @return value of type `A` */
  def read[P, A](product: P)(implicit productReader: ProductReader[P, A]): A =
    productReader.read(product)

  // let's test it

  val p = 1 & 2.0 & "three"

  read[Int & Double & String, Int](p) // 1
  read[Int & Double & String, Double](p) // 2.0
  read[Int & Double & String, String](p) // three

  update[Int & Double & String, Int](p)(_ * 2) // 2 & 2.0 & three
  update[Int & Double & String, Double](p)(_ * 2) // 1 & 4.0 & three
  update[Int & Double & String, String](p)(_ * 2) // 1 & 2.0 & threethree

}

A: Here's a solution using only pure scala with no required library. It relies on a type class using a rather standard approach:
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
case class &[L,R](left: L, right: R)
implicit class AndOp[L](val left: L) {
  def &[R](right: R): L & R = new &(left, right)
}

trait ProductUpdater[P,A] {
  def apply(p: P, f: A => A): P
}
trait LowPriorityProductUpdater {
  implicit def noopValueUpdater[P,A]: ProductUpdater[P,A] = {
    new ProductUpdater[P,A] {
      def apply(p: P, f: A => A): P = p // keep as is
    }
  }
}
object ProductUpdater extends LowPriorityProductUpdater {
  implicit def simpleValueUpdater[A]: ProductUpdater[A,A] = {
    new ProductUpdater[A,A] {
      def apply(p: A, f: A => A): A = f(p)
    }
  }
  implicit def productUpdater[L, R, A](
    implicit leftUpdater: ProductUpdater[L, A], rightUpdater: ProductUpdater[R, A]
  ): ProductUpdater[L & R, A] = {
    new ProductUpdater[L & R, A] {
      def apply(p: L & R, f: A => A): L & R = &(leftUpdater(p.left, f), rightUpdater(p.right, f))
    }
  }
}
def update[A,P](product: P)(f: A => A)(implicit updater: ProductUpdater[P,A]): P = updater(product, f)
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.

Let's test it:
scala> case class User(name: String, age: Int)
defined class User

scala> val p: String & Int & User & String = "hello" & 123 & User("Elwood", 25) & "bye"
p: &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] = &(&(&(hello,123),User(Elwood,25)),bye)

scala> update(p){ i: Int => i + 1 }
res0: &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] = &(&(&(hello,124),User(Elwood,25)),bye)

scala> update(p){ s: String => s.toUpperCase }
res1: &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] = &(&(&(HELLO,123),User(Elwood,25)),BYE)

scala> update(p){ user: User =>
     |   user.copy(name = user.name.toUpperCase, age = user.age*2)
     | }
res2: &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] = &(&(&(hello,123),User(ELWOOD,50)),bye)

Update: In response to:

Is it possible to make this not compile when a product doesn't contain a value to update

Yes it is most definitely possible. We could alter the ProductUpdatertype class but in this case I find it much easier to introduce a separate type class ProductContainsType as an evidence that a given product P contains at least one element of type A:
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)

@annotation.implicitNotFound("Product ${P} does not contain type ${A}")
abstract sealed class ProductContainsType[P,A]
trait LowPriorityProductContainsType {
  implicit def compositeProductContainsTypeInRightPart[L, R, A](
    implicit rightContainsType: ProductContainsType[R, A]
  ): ProductContainsType[L & R, A] = null
}
object ProductContainsType extends LowPriorityProductContainsType {
  implicit def simpleProductContainsType[A]: ProductContainsType[A,A] = null
  implicit def compositeProductContainsTypeInLeftPart[L, R, A](
    implicit leftContainsType: ProductContainsType[L, A]
  ): ProductContainsType[L & R, A] = null
}
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.

Now we can define our stricter update method:
def strictUpdate[A,P](product: P)(f: A => A)(
  implicit
    updater: ProductUpdater[P,A],
    containsType: ProductContainsType[P,A]
): P = updater(product, f)

Let's see:
scala> strictUpdate(p){ s: String => s.toUpperCase }
res21: &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] = &(&(&(HELLO,123),User(Elwood,25)),BYE)

scala> strictUpdate(p){ s: Symbol => Symbol(s.name.toUpperCase) }
<console>:19: error: Product &[&[&[String,Int],User],String] does not contain type Symbol
              strictUpdate(p){ s: Symbol => Symbol(s.name.toUpperCase) }

A: Not an optimal variant, seems to me @TravisBrown or @MilesSabin can provide more complete answer.
In examples we will use shapeless 2.2.5.
So we can represent the necessary type as a HList (no arity problem). As it is a HList it is possible to apply a Poly function:
trait A
def aFunc(a: A) = a

trait lowPriority extends Poly1 {
  implicit def default[T] = at[T](poly.identity)
}

object polyApplyToTypeA extends lowPriority {
  implicit def caseA = at[A](aFunc(_))
}

list.map(polyApplyToTypeA) //> applies only to type A

That was the first approach, using it we should use only special Poly functions (it is possible to generate them), actually, that's a problem.
The second approach is to define an own function, which has a bit difficult logic:
def applyToType[L <: HList, P <: HList, PO <: HList, S <: HList, F]
(fun: F => F, l: L)
(implicit partition: Partition.Aux[L, F, P, S],
                 tt: ToTraversable.Aux[P, List, F],
                 ft: FromTraversable[P],
                  p: Prepend.Aux[S, P, PO],
                  a: Align[PO, L]): L =
(l.filterNot[F] ::: l.filter[F].toList[F].map(fun).toHList[P].get).align[L]

This function filters HList by a type, converts it to a List, applies our function, and converts it back to HList, also aligns types, in order not to change HList type alignment. Works as expected. Full example here: https://gist.github.com/pomadchin/bf46e21cb180c2a81664

A: As a simple idea you can do something like this:
scala> case class And[A, B](first: A, second: B)
defined class And

scala> val x:  String And Double And Int = And(And("test", 1.1), 10)
x: And[And[String,Double],Int] = And(And(test,1.1),10)

scala> x.copy(second = 100)
res0: And[And[String,Double],Int] = And(And(test,1.1),100)

Of course you can define functions with such products:
def update(product: String And Int, f: String => String): String And Int


text:
Backlight: The Fair Business
Designer Bas van Abel decided to create a mobile phone, while exploiting man and nature as little as possible. More...
Documentary - Science & Technology
Designer Bas van Abel decided to create a mobile phone, while exploiting man and nature as little as possible. The dilemma's he encountered while manufacturing his Fairphone are lessons for everyone who strives to run a fair company.
'If you can't open it, you don't own it' is Bas van Abel's motto. He wanted to know why telephone manufacturers supply a hermetically sealed black box that we as consumers are not allowed to open. When he starts his quest as a designer, he first wants to be able to understand the entire production chain, in order to then change it.
In the Chinese city of Shenzhen, Van Abel tries to understand the innovative recycling and creative culture. In the space of 30 years, the city right next to Hong Kong grew from a village with 30,000 inhabitants, mostly farmers, into a city with over 20 million inhabitants. Shenzhen, now the electronics capital of the world, was built on copying major brands. But over the last five years, an important change has taken place. Hundreds or even thousands of small factories have become so good at manufacturing, copying and repairing, that China now has grand ambitions to flood the world with its own designs and to manufacture telephones that are better than the existing brands.
Van Abel soon finds out that it's easier to realize his ideas once he starts his own company that actually makes phones. The Fairphone is born. From that moment on, his life is turned upside down. Van Abel realizes that he is no longer a designer, but an entrepreneur, mostly focussed on fluctuating exchange rates and financial targets. An airplane seat has become his office. All the dilemma's he encounters in order to produce phones fairly, together with his personal experiences, are lessons for anyone wanting to run a green business.
Geert Rozinga
Backlight: Youtopia
Shortly before the local elections and inspired by the TV reality show Utopia, Backlight, together with new...
Backlight: Access to Africa
At the moment, Africa is the continent with the most 'white spots' on the map: places without internet or mobile phone...
#FollowMe is a 50' documentary about the dark and shady side of Instagram. Nicolaas Veul, program director and host delves i...
Backlight: Bye Bye Car
A documentary about the future of transportation.


text:
Q: hyperref form fields with umlauts I tried to create a PDF form using hyperref and prefill the form. But I had troubles with values that contain umlauts.
\documentclass[a4paper, oneside,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{document}
\begin{Form}
    \TextField[name=test,value={Vögel},width=8cm]{Test}
\end{Form}
\end{document}

And I get this:

I'm using lualatex for creating the pdf.
Thanks a lot.

A: Use hyperref option unicode:
\documentclass[a4paper, oneside,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[unicode]{hyperref}

\begin{document}
\begin{Form}
    \TextField[name=test,value={Vögel},width=8cm]{Test}
\end{Form}
\end{document}

or option pdfencoding=auto:
\documentclass[a4paper, oneside,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[pdfencoding=auto]{hyperref}

\begin{document}
\begin{Form}
    \TextField[name=test,value={Vögel},width=8cm]{Test}
\end{Form}
\end{document}

both result in:


Hello. I'm back. Not really listening to my inner shrieker saying, get the honey out of here and go take a bath. Read a book. Stop researching homeschooling, stop reading blogs about other people's lives! Don't let yourself go. Go use your new pillow!
I remember watching my Dad read so many books. And my mother write and write and write. And my mother played the piano while I danced in the living room: the Pathetique Sonata by Beethoven. Can you believe we live only one life? Can you believe that one life comes and goes, then its all over? And there are so many blogs. There are so many people writing about how to live this one life. So many people writing with advice about how to get along, how to maximize each moment, how to accept failure and move on or how to prevent failure in the first place. How to slow down and smell the flowers.
One reason I want to homeschool is because I might spend all of the time my kids are at school reading blogs instead of actually taking their advice. My poor boy is sick with diarrhea. My girl is full of laughter and contentment. Do I have the balls to homeschool? Do I have the courage to follow my instincts? Please, allow this to happen. Don't force it. Allow it to come, to occur, to fruit.
Hello blog. Its nice to see you! I have missed you! I have so much to tell you that I'm not sure where to start. Just so you know, if we do get back together, I am not going to spend a lot of time with you, like it was last time. And I will give myself to you not very often, and not necessarily thoughtfully, and I will not post you on Facebook. I hope these parameters work for you, because they work for me and I'm kind of excited about it.
Lately, I've been writing in a free thought journal in the mornings, not every day but probably three to five times a week. Its what keeps me sane and happy. This page is not the same thing, but maybe it will also keep me sane and happy. My husband bought me a new computer last year right before I quit writing on these pages. Ironic, huh? And we moved from our house in the country to a house in town, and hopefully he won't read this, but I miss our house in the country, even though I didn't really like the house that much. It was a beautiful house. I just didn't like how when I looked out of the windows, I couldn't see the sky. Its a problem I have. I enjoy our new house. I enjoy being able to ride my bike to symphony rehearsals, and I enjoy driving about 20 minutes a day as opposed to 90 minutes a day. Big difference.
I was thinking about my journal and wondering whether I had left it at the restaurant where we ate breakfast the other day, and I thought about how if anyone picked it up and started reading the pages, they would find a babble of words, like a bubbling creek, or a conversation in a foreign language. I had other thoughts that I cannot remember right now. You should always write down the thoughts you have when you first open your eyes in the morning. Dammit all, I thought I would remember them.
Today's post is merely for the benefit of showing off my latest watercolor. My poor friend who as of the middle of last night has the throw ups, as we call it around here, has influenced my inner artist.
And also, one benefit of having no goat fence is that whenever we go for a walk in the neighborhood, the goats come too. We are quite a scene walking down the road. The other day, we were walking along with our neighbor and her new puppy. We walked all the way to the intersection where another neighbor's horse hangs out, and we stopped to feed it some grass. The goats were right along with us, eating grass, hopping around when the puppy got too close. Then, another couple walks by. It was as if the goats could sense their lives would be better with these other, more sane individuals who had no puppy and no children to distract them from caring for the goats. So they walked right along with their new mom and dad as if I and my kids never existed for them. It was a little heart wrenching.
We got them back eventually.
Painting is really hard but some people make it look really easy. My artist friend who I was with four months ago when this whole thing started is here again, and we're painting together. We're painting from the same still life. Uh, it turns out, I have no patience for finer details. My poor little drawing is so hideous. And his drawing is so beautiful!
It turns out, I'm competing with my friend to make the more beautiful drawing. They're not drawings, they're paintings.
Today's painting is bigger than my usual. On nice paper that was purchased at the art store this morning. See, my mind is on where my daughter will go to kindergarten next year, which makes it difficult to think fully about where to put the shadows and what colors to start with. Nonetheless, I am excited about the two watercolor books my friend found for me today, and the paper, and the new brushes. Exciting days are ahead.
Coffee: Wish I had had some caffeine today.
My three year old does not take transition lightly. I don't blame him. He lives in the moment and gets fully involved in what he's doing whether or not we have to go somewhere in two hours or ten minutes. At home, he's often happy to play by himself or with his sister for long periods at which point I can steal away to write, clean, sleep (not really.) I read somewhere recently (and I've heard this millions of times,) that less is more when it comes to parenting.
1. Painting: We all enjoy it and its relaxing. We do this at the kitchen table. There's never any mess because we're all super refined painters. There's never paint smeared in people's hair or entirely up their arms, or kids running around smearing paint on the walls. And we have lots of art to show for it hung on the walls in beautiful frames, and definitely not piled up in the art cabinet.
2. Play Doh: From the first day my daughter could hold the stuff in her hand and not eat all of it, we've been playing with it. We started out making snakes with colorful stripes. Well there's a snake on the box, so it was easy to come up with that one. This activity can keep us occupied for hours and we usually end up talking about pancakes and birthday cakes.
3. Dance Party: This requires massive amounts of energy which if you don't have, you still won't when you're done. Basically we turn on the music and dance around for a while. At some point and for some unknown reason, this activity evolves into sprints across the living room back and forth, back and forth until the end of time. At some further point it becomes "the flying game." The kids get tired and require that I hold their hands and "fly" them across the room as fast as I can.
I'm sure its true that less is more. I hope I can strike a balance between structure and non-structure. Between giving them my attention and letting them work it out themselves. Between helping them put on their shoes and letting them get it done on their own.
Coffee: homemade coffee with lots of chocolate today.
I remember my grandmother and grandfather's house well. It was a tiny house set back from the street nestled among Garden District mansions in New Orleans. The house was just a few blocks from my house and I could walk there easily. Wednesday afternoons were the days I'd go there after school and about those days I can remember two things: saltine peanut butter crackers, and my grandfather sitting on the couch in the sun room under an umbrella, or watching TV and listening to the radio at the same time, or reading. And its possible that every single time I saw him he asked me if I had my violin and would I play the Bruch violin concerto for him. I eventually did play that concerto, but I don't remember him being there to hear it.
I really wish my son could meet my Grandfather because I'm sure the two of them would hit it off. My Grandfather, (we called him Big) was a comedian. His jokes almost always involved word play and wry comments about life and society. My son is also a comedian. He likes to vary from the norm just to make people laugh. And he would have sat right underneath that umbrella as if nothing unusual were going on.
My grandparents used to yell at each other a lot, which seriously scared the crap out of me. I hope one day my mom writes down the story of her life living with them. Not an easy task, but it would be so interesting! At least to me.
Here' a dumb question, but one I've been thinking about for the past couple of days: If you had to choose between Nature and Culture, which would you choose? Like if someone sat you down and said, either you have to live in a cement city with all the music, art, and literature that you want, or you have to live (comfortably) in a pristine environment of natural beauty, without any of the items mentioned in the first scenario. You could still use your brain in the second scenario, i.e. you could write, or make your own music (you'd have to make your own instruments.) I know, an idiotic question. I'm not sure yet which I'd choose. My first instinct is to say Nature.
Coffee: N/A as of yet.
I enjoy February. Its the month before March, which to me marks the beginning of Spring. I don't particularly enjoy March however, as the beginning of Spring doesn't really come until May or June in these parts. Usually, the temperature warms slightly, but the rain stays on, and at some point my kids demand to run naked through a hose no mater what the weather and then you know: all you can do is take what you can get where Spring is concerned.
I'm sitting in the woods watching the goats eat as I write this. I decided to experiment with hand writing my post for their sake. So they can eat blackberries and feel safe instead of hovering (and pooping) on my doorstep. If they had proverbial balls and any brains they'd hang out in the woods, eat their fill, and then go sit quietly in their little house until they were hungry again. Instead they hover and poop next to the front or back door and I'm going insane. Their movable fence is lying in a heap on the ground because the last time I went to move it, only a week after moving it from before, I gave up in a fit of drama and declared my love affair with the goats over. Here's the thing: they are very useful eating the blackberries, but only enclosed in a six foot fence, which is too cumbersome to be traipsing all over the mountainside once a week. So either we build something permanent and keep them as pets, or we call the experiment a fail.
As for hand writing my post, I'm enjoying it and according to the principal of one of the ritzy schools in our city, writing with a pen is the activity that most engages our brains in all of its neuron firing glory. Sounds good. I just like being in the woods as opposed to my messy house.
I was thinking today about how there was a time when people lived in the elements. No houses, computers or cars. No toilets or beds. They were hardened to the brutality of the cold and the wind, but softened by the sound of the creeks and the smell of the wet grass. I wonder when my kids will be old enough to go backpacking. Maybe soon, because shoot, their favorite game is "trip." Or "fill a bag with stuff, march around the house, find a place to empty the bag, and then pretend to go to sleep." Sounds a lot like backpacking!
Coffee: the day is young, nevertheless, I still have the cup. It served as a water cup while I was swimming laps.


Jeff Paul | Consolidated Planning, Inc.
We help our clients achieve and enjoy financial prosperity, regardless of adverse circumstances that enter their lives. We are able to accomplish this by helping them become more organized, all while protecting their lifestyle, family and assets. Our focus on cash flow also enables us to protect, while still helping clients obtain what they want in life.
Our commitment to finding each asset's highest and best use, allows us to put our clients in position to maximize their retirement income as well as their legacy.
Registered Representative and Financial Advisor of Park Avenue Securities LLC (PAS). Financial Representative of of Guardian.