We're pleased to bring to you a guest post highlighting the discrepancies in this year's Patent Agent Examination that was held last month on October 28. The post also raises a few fundamental and larger issues afflicting this exam. The author of this post wishes to remain anonymous.
Our earlier posts discussing the concerns regarding the conduct and nature of this exam can be viewed here.
The Indian Patent Office conducted the patent agent examination ("the exam") on October 28, 2018. The exam was held after a gap of two years, with the last one having been held in November 2016. Based on the roll numbers allotted to candidates, it appears that 4366 candidates enrolled for taking the examination, a high number considering the unique interdisciplinary nature of the examination.
The Patent Office has now released an answer key for each set of the question paper. This post examines some of the discrepancies with the answers mentioned in the answer key for the 2018 exam as also some of the more fundamental issues regarding the manner in which the exam is conducted.
The Patent Office has released the examination paper (Set C) and the answer key (for all sets). These are available here.
In my view, the answers suggested by the Patent Office to Questions 16 and 32 (reference Set C) are wrong.
Q.16 A researcher finds an idea on recycling of biodegradable plastic. How does he proceed for patenting his idea?
The answer key suggests that the correct option is 'b'. According to this option, the inventor "needs" to file a provisional specification before filing the complete specification. However, there is no "need" under the Patents Act to file a provisional specification before filing the complete specification. In my view, option 'd' – none of the above – is the correct and, at the very least, the more appropriate option.
Rao is a researcher from a reputed institute of Bangalore and has filed one ordinary Patent application before Patent Office though he has published the same subject matter in an International Journal 5 years back before the filing date of the above mentioned Patent application, as he is confident regarding the fact that author of the Journal and the Patent applicant being same and his application shall not be refused within the provision of the Patent Act.
Rao is a researcher from a reputed institute of Bangalore and has filed one ordinary Patent application before Patent Office though he has published the same subject matter in an International Journal after the filing date of the above mentioned Patent application, as he is confident regarding the fact that author of the Journal and the Patent applicant being same and his application shall not be refused within the provision of the Patent Act.
This is a true or false question and the candidate is required to suggest whether any or both of the statements is true.
The answer key suggests that the first is false and the second statement is true. The first statement is clearly false – no issues there. The second statement states that a patent application shall not be refused if it is filed before the publication of the invention in an International journal "as [the applicant] is confident" regarding the fact that the applicant is the same as the author of the journal. The second part of the statement is false – well, the applicant's confidence is not supported by any legal theory and is legally irrelevant – because the reason for non-refusal is not the identity of the author and the applicant but the fact that the application has been filed before the publication in the journal.
Since the patent will not be refused in the second situation, there may be sufficient ambiguity in Question 32 to justify the Patent Office's answer. However, this continues the disturbing trend of vague questions with unclear answers in the exam. This happened with the 2016 examination as well (see earlier post on this blog here) – there was a writ petition filed with respect to the answers for one of the questions and the Patent Office's only response was to point to the ambiguity in the answer. Unfortunately, the Court rejected the writ petition on the basis that the candidate had not shown that the Patent Office's answer was not "undoubtedly wrong".
In my view, it is critical for multiple choice questions and answers to be unambiguous and clear. This responsibility is on the examiner. Requiring the candidate to prove that the answer in the answer key is "undoubtedly wrong" illogically places the burden on the candidate since s/he has no involvement in the drafting of the question. With an ambiguous answer for a multiple-choice question, the candidate is left helpless – because s/he has no insight into the examiner's mind and also has no way to explain her/ his reasoning. This is particularly true for law-related questions, which are often subject to interpretation.
There are some more fundamental and larger issues plaguing the Patent Agent examination.
The exam is "closed book" – candidates are not allowed to carry statute books or reference material to the exam. The syllabus of the examination is the Patent Act and Rules with only two questions on drafting of patent specifications (See Rule 110 of the Patent Rules). As a result, the exam turns out to be primarily a memory test with candidates being required to recall and regurgitate provisions of the Act and the Rules, including the exact sub-section or sub-rule or form number. This, in my view, is a completely wasteful exercise and misunderstands the basic nature of law practice. In my experience, even some of the most talented and celebrated lawyers refer to the statute book again and again for deciphering different interpretations of statutory provisions. Even domain experts revisit the statute each time they are called upon to provide an opinion on a provision.
In short, the statute book is a tool which lawyers and patent agents have handy at all times; they are rarely called upon to recall exact sub-sections, rules or form numbers without reference to the statute book. Further, as anyone who has given an open-book exam would confirm, these are often harder than closed book exams since they test both analytical and recall skills. Open book exams are better suited to test higher cognitive ability (see an article on this issue here).
Contrast the Indian patent agent exam with the USPTO Registration Examination or the European Qualifying Examination (EQE). Both examinations are open – book; the USPTO allows candidates to refer to all the reference material tested in the examination including the Manual of Patent Examination and Procedure. Similarly, the EPO allows candidates taking the EQE to carry books, timelines, charts etc (see here at page 33). A parallel can also be drawn to the All India Bar Examination which is also "open book" with students being allowed to carry the relevant statutes and notes.
In my view, if the patent agent exam is to achieve its avowed purpose, then it should focus on selecting candidates with analytical skills as opposed to recall and regurgitation skills.
2. The grant of a patent is based on certain conditions as stipulated under Section 47 of the Patent Act. Briefly explain those conditions.
3. Explain the various provisions in the prevailing rules for 'expedited examination', small entity and 'start-up'.
5. One client 'A' has come to your office seeking advice regarding assignment for a "solar cooktop" which 'B' has already patented. As a practicing patent agent, brief him about the applicable issues as per the Patent Act and Rules to your client A.
Questions 1-4 are clearly not "situation based". Question 5 is ostensibly situation-based but essentially requires a regurgitation of the provisions regarding assignment of a patent. Paper 2, which is supposed to be the analytical part of the exam, requires the candidate to answer 9 questions in total – 5 of these 9 are non-analytical.
Again, the EQE serves as a stark contrast. The EQE is divided into 5 papers (see here) and each and every question tests the analytical skill of the candidate. In the most recent round of examinations, each question in each of the five papers required the candidate to apply the law to a detailed fact situation. In a way, this is a byproduct of the EQE being open book – the examiner's focus has also moved from assessing recall ability to analytical ability since the candidate already has the resource materials during the examination to aid in recall.
The subjectivity of the viva-voce examination has already been written about extensively on this blog (for instance, see here). I don't have much more to add except to say that the subjectivity goes to the level of the examiners asking candidates the name of the firm to which they belong – those coming from bigger IP firms are more likely to score higher on the viva-voice. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that candidates are asked the number of years of practice and those who have less than 2 years of practice often score low on the viva – voce.
If India is to improve the quality of its patent agents (which will have a direct impact on the quality of patents which come out of this country), it must test its patent agents on their analytical skills and their ability to apply the law. Till that happens, we will primarily remain a country of patent agents who refile applications prepared by patent attorneys in other jurisdictions and patent specifications originating from India will have to undergo significant amendments for them to be granted abroad. This requires a complete rethink and an overhaul of the patent agent examination system.
As far as question 16 was concerned, it is restricted to the specific scenario. The question clearly states that the researcher finds an idea, which strongly, and in light of the options available, only suggests that the researcher need to work more on the invention to have the same patented. In such a scenario option 2 was the most suitable option.
As far as question 32 is concerned, option 2 is essentially true, there could be some ambiguity, but MCQs are mostly about finding the best suitable answer.
And if we talk about the test being a mere memory test, i can safely say based on my discussions with some senior colleagues that 2018s objective paper was one of the most logical one and not a memory test.
And although i agree to some extent with the exam being made an open book exam yet there are numerous examples of competitive closed book exams being cleared by actual deserving candidates. When an exam becomes more competitive than mere a qualifying one, such restrictions are inevitable.
If for the sake of criticizing the system one needs to pick holes only, then, in my opinion, all those patent agents who became so only by registration without any exams should also be instructed back to qualify the exam to continue the practice.
The last point on the viva voce I completely agree, the background of a candidate surely affects the opinion of a panel, therefore, I don't see any requirement for a viva voce segment when we have a tough enough exam to clear at the first instance.
Exactly Right. Nothing wrong with the Question and answers. Viva also should be skipped in future as the Act & Rules are already been tested by Paper-1 & Paper-2 which are very tough in standard level. But I have a big question in mind.
But whether the question falls under the PATENT ACT & RULES as per Rule 110(2)?
It seems (Regional Patent Offices) out of Act & Rules which is not covered by Indian patent act & rules. Pl correct me if my doubt is wrong.
This question is clearly outside the scope of the Indian patent act & rules.
Then every candidates who attended the question should be given equal marks. But we doesn't know what would be the decision for this question by the patent office.
This is relevant in the aspect of claiming priority – Section. 133.
So within the scope of the Indian Patent Act.
Although it could have been worded better to test that knowledge of the exam-taker.
The "memory test" analysis is directed to Paper II and not paper I. Paper II is supposed to test the reasoning and analytical skills but unfortunately, this exam was all about how well have you memorised the sections. I think as long as memory is restricted to section number, its fine, you can know where to look in the act (In fact, ctrl F function does that too, just look for key words). So, at least for paper II, I admire, author of this article. What is not discussed in here is Drafting part. Given that there are options for candidates to attempt either of the questions, reason being people of different technical background attempting the test. I fail to understand why 30 marks question, both options belonged to mechanical. It defeats the purpose of having an options and scews the results completely in favor of engineering background people. This is quite unfortunate. I seriously felt that the question paper was set in absolute rush and without involvement of any thought process!!. Sad!!
1.	Question 16 – The Patents Act does not recognize the concept of an "idea" being patented – so there is no basis in law for your "strong suggest[ion]". In fact, the term "idea" does not even appear in the Patents Act. The examinee can't assume that the researcher's "idea" is sufficiently developed to file a provisional specification but not a complete specification. In any event, you miss the point that the author is making – how will the examinee enter the mind of the examiner and appreciate how detailed the "idea" is, without having any more information and context.
The "most suitable option" logic also fails when NOTA is an option, which is clearly a plausible answer.
2.	Question 32 – You say that the second statement is "essentially true". "Essentially true" is not an option for the examinee. You will appreciate that these are questions with one correct answer. How is the examinee supposed to decide if "essentially true" meets the true or false standard of the Patent Office?
Again, reiterating the author's point – the questions need to be clear.
3.	The "memory test" bit is also about Paper II as the author has even pointed to specific questions. Even if you believe that this year's examination is better than previous year's examination, it does not take away from the fact that the exam is mostly about remembering rules numbers, form numbers and timelines.
4.	On the issue of "open book", this is not a competitive examination. It is a qualifying examination with those scoring above 150 marks. There are many "deserving candidates" who fail to clear the exam as well. Thus just because some deserving candidates clear the exam is no reason to keep the exam "closed book".
1.	Question 16 – The Patents Act does not recognize the concept of an "idea" being patented – so there is no basis in law for your "strong suggest[ion]". The examinee can't assume that the researcher's "idea" is sufficiently developed to file a provisional specification but not a complete specification. In any event, you miss the point that the author is making – how will the examinee enter the mind of the examiner and appreciate how detailed the "idea" is, without having any more information and context.
Seems author have analysis by paralysis syndrome regarding MCQ. All other points seems reasonable. On analytical part, this time it appears they want to play safe by giving memory test questions so that nobody raised objections related to marking.
Any idea on when results are scheduled to be announced?
Dear All, Simple common knowledge of the patent acts and rules indicates that all the questions and answers are correct.
This is only one way to create some kinda wave to oppose whatever patent office is doing.
Q16 and Q32 both are right and also the answers provided by the patent office. These are not arguable at all.
"Merely Idea" is not patentable – and filing a provisional patent application is not requesting for the grant of the patent….
When one's invention is at the ideation stage then one can file provisional patent application – that is the REASON – filing of a provisional patent application concept has evolve.
One is convert idea by experimenting and testing – means when one is "REDUCE TO PRACTICE" – then only one can file a complete specification.
Then Pl specify the reference point of Act / Rule regarding Q.41 (Regional Patent Offices) and It will be helpful for us.
ques 16 is right and answer key is also right because in ques, the term "idea" is given.
Mere idea is not patentable. The idea needs to be worked on to create a novel invention which is patentable. None of the above should be right answer. Idea is not patentable unless implemented. This can be found in any book on Patents.
Well Dear, you need to understand that there is a concept called "Conceptual Reduction to Practice" and that is sufficient to file a patent application. It does not necessarily require "Actual Reduction to Practice". Conceptual reduction to practice can be accomplished by filing either a provisional or non-provisional (complete spec) application. Although the law does not mandate you to file provisional, but considering the questions and the options given, i believe the option that requires you to file provisional followed by complete is the best answer. Please also keep in mind that you don't have to pay again for filing CS provided you don't exceed the 30 page and 10 claim limit.
why name on answer book of paper 2 essential; seat number is sufficient. what is the logic behind writing name on answer booklet.
a. The applicant filed the Complete Specification on 12.08.2012 after filing Form 4 on 11.05.2012 for three months extension.
c. The applicant filed a petition under 138 of the prevailing Rules and submitted the Complete Specification on 12.06.2012.
The answer key released by Patent Office says the answer as 'b' but in my opinion it should be 'd'.
As per Section 9(1): Where an application for a patent (not being a convention application or an application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty designating India) is accompanied by a provisional specification, a complete specification shall be filed within twelve months from the date of filing of the application, and if the complete specification is not so filed, the application shall be deemed to be abandoned.
So, in the above question the Complete specification should be filed by 11.05.2012, then only it shall meet the criteria of filing within twelve months. The date 12.05.2012 becomes one day after twelve months period has expired.
Thus in the above question, option 'd' is correct answer.
Say a person celebrates his 18th birthday on 18 July 2018. How many months later is his 19th birthday? If your answer is 12 months, then the same rationale applies. The clock starts ticking after the day of filling is over.
The section says within twelve months and moreover in the example you have quoted it becomes 19th birthday after twelve months have passed. The number changes from 18th to 19th!
Also please note, the section says 'a complete specification shall be filed within twelve months from the date of filing of the application'. It clearly says within twelve months from the date of filing and not after the date of filing as you have mentioned.
Maybe you're right – the above was not a complete explanation. Let's try again.
For a person born on 14 Nov 2000, 11:30 AM, 1st birthday (1 year/12 months) is 14 Nov 2001, 11:30 AM; …. 18th birthday is 14 Nov 2018, 11:30 AM; and 19th would be 14 Nov 2019, 11:30 AM. All birthdays are 12-month (or 1 year) anniversaries.
Put another way, the person completes the first year (12 months) only on reaching 14 Nov 2001, 11:30 AM. Even 1 minute before that, his or her 12 months are not complete.
So, to your concern about "within" – 11:29 AM on 14 Nov 2001 is within 12 months of 11:30 AM on 14 Nov 2000.
IPO does not look at the time of the day though. For the IPO, filing at 11:29 AM or 11:29 PM will still be counted as 14 Nov (although I highly recommend not getting that close).
So, if this person files a provisional on his 18th birthday, then she/he should be able to file the complete spec until his 19th birthday. Hope this clarifies.
If you want to pay for the 10th year renewal fee (Before the expiration of 9th Year in respect of 10th year; as per Schedule-1 of Rule-7) for a granted patent, say if its date of filing was on 30/06/2008, then YOU CAN pay the 10th year renewal fee till the end of day on 30/06/2017. Not restricted only upto 29/06/2017. This is practically followed in all POs worldwide. Expiration (the term within) of any year calculated by this standard only. In light of this, hope you understand that the option (b) is correct.
Very well written article. Agree with everything in it.
1. With regards to questions, the analysis and reasoning presented by the author is correct and on point. This is not a test about the art of answering MCQs, this is a test of patent law and ascertaining what is right and what is not. Precision is the key.
Q. 16 is worded with "need" – and clearly, the researcher does NOT "need" to file a provisional. Whether he needs more research etc. are all conjectures – there is NO such suggestion.
Also, ignoring a written word on the question and extrapolating it to what the IPO "would have meant" is not splitting hair. It is the right way – read the facts in the question and answer it.
So unless someone can clearly establish that there is a need under the Act for the researcher to first file a provisional and then a complete Spec, option d is the correct one.
This paper is about knowing the Act, Rules and practice. Act and Rules are clear – provisional is NOT NEEDED. Even in practice, based on what is provided in the question – researcher already has an idea and is ready to protect it, and advising the researcher that she/he needs to file a provisional first is bad advice in my view.
Q. 32 analysis made by the author is similarly very sound and on point.
1. Clearly, the papers need to be QC'd more – there should be more people taking the test to eliminate such obvious language issues – before these papers are finalized.
2. In our center, one staffer from IPO actually announced int he room "You can mark multiple questions" – it should not have been done.
3. I am not sure who today writes more than a paragraph at a stretch. Forcing people physically write about 20-30 pages is really burdensome.
I understand logistics may be an issue for providing computers to all, but it cannot be an unsolvable problem in this day and age. If some people do have the limitation that they do not have ready access to a computer, then it could be made optional to do a paper or a computer.
4. Finally, in a subjective paper, they need to specify what they are looking for.
Situation based questions – should be crafted better, and should have a clear and unambiguous path to a concrete and unique conclusion, so that a candidate who knows the Act/Rules/Practice can demonstrate how to arrive at it.
Drafting side – by far the descriptions were superior than the prior ones. But are the candidates copying the text in the right order, or is it being evaluated how clearly they can explain the invention – what exactly is being looked at? Or is it whether there are numerals in the claims and Abstract, and a signature after the claims?
This is important because IPO has adopted a policy to not re-check the paper and it is incredibly tough to ascertain how one did in a paper.
When I started out practicing patent law I had similar doubts. If you are looking for answers in Patent Act and Rules, I am afraid you will not find them. Please read Paris Convention. The day of filing is not included in calculating 12 month period. I hope this clarifies.
Yes, you are right in case of Paris Convention the date is counted after the date on which basic application was made (Section 135) but in Section 9(1), it is clearly written within twelve months from the date of filing. Also the question relates to ordinary application and not the convention application.
As per the CONSOLIDATED INSTRUCTION released by IPO for Patent Agent Examination-2018, the PART-A & PART-B of Paper-2 should comprise Situation based questions only. But as Author mentioned, out of 7 Questions, Q-1; Q4; Q5 and Q6 (4 Questions worth of 30 Marks) are not situation based. In PAE-2016 also one 5 Marks question was a kind of Memory test. But in PAE-2018, it affects 30 marks which misleads the aspirants on how should prepare for examination. A person who has thorough knowledge in corresponding ACT & RULE only can answer either for Memory Test as well as Situation based test. And not much difference are there between the way of giving answers or solution in relates to Act&Rule. Anyhow IPO must have clear and fair idea on it while preparing question papers.
Unfortunately your opinion about question 16 is horribly wrong. It is simple if you want to file a patent you "need" to file PS and CS. How hard it is for you to understand this? Read the question's statement carefully and not just the options.
Regarding question 32 you are correct that there is minor ambiguity but that doesn't change the answer. Wrongfully claiming to be the author is a ground of refusal for Grant of patent. And this is what second part is trying elaborate. Either way answer in key is correct.
Bigger issue is asking question outside of the act. The question related to ARIPO WIPO EPO. Of course by reading Act you know that in WIPO patent cannot be filed but I didn't know about what EAPO was even though I was aware of ARIPO and EPO. Thus, I did not mark EAPO and lost my marks. So, in fairness key should say that whoever has not marked WIPO should get the marks.
Yes definitely WIPO is not a National or Regional Patent Office to grant patents. And that too not mentioned anywhere in ACT/RULE. Whereas in MANUAL OF PATENT OFFICE PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE, we can have fair idea about WIPO. But you couldn't get the details of EPO, ARIPO & EAPO from above said documents and how can anyone decide the functions of those Regional Patent Offices?
Correction to my previous comment: Patent Rules 7(ab) specifies "International bureau" means the International Bureau of World Intellectual Property Organisation. So WIPO functions are clearly defined but misses EPO/ARIPO/EAPO. Hence the question is clearly out of scope of PAE.
Correction to my previous comment: Patent Rules 17(ab) specifies "International bureau" means the International Bureau of World Intellectual Property Organisation. So WIPO functions are clearly defined but misses EPO/ARIPO/EAPO. Hence the question is clearly out of scope of PAE.
Than what about Natco Pharma CL question. In every question paper there are scope of general awareness questions – also in previous year question papers they already asked ARIPO full form (fill in the blank questions).
@Active Analyst, You know that Natco Pharma is related to Compulsory License. CL is well covered by Act & Rule and therefore the question convince Rule 110(2). I admit Full form for ARIPO asked previously but that also violates Rule 110(2). But what about EPO & EAPO?
We are writing PAE for Indian Patent Agent but not for Europe, Eurasia or African patent agent. WIPO only goes along with our Indian Act & Rule as it is an International treaty but other options are out of subject.
Ayushman, stop trying to merely justify your answers while being rude to others. In my view, your opinion is "horribly wrong" – you DO NOT "need" to file PS and CS for filing a patent – this is quite fundamental.
And has to be looked into as mere conjunction i.e. a word joining two words together. But author is considering and as an Logic operator used in Computer languages. Language of exam is English not Computer Language. Also rejecting this as correct answer would mean that Complete Specification need not be filed. Although there is some weight to your argument as well. Question is ambiguous to say the least.
Rudeness of AN is more than that of OP since AN used the exact words OP used to be harsh and then some. Anyway this discussion getting way too salty for my taste.
Sorry for being rude. I agree with Neeraj's logic as well. I think y'all are thinking way too much on a generally simple question.
So, you saying that an applicant needs to file a PS and CS to the get the patent? Then how u read the sec 9(3)?
Any application other than Conventional or PCT, if it is a complete specification then the applicant any time before the expiry of 12 months from the date of filing of the application can make a request to convert complete specification to provisional specification. This section states that it's not mandatory to file a provisional first.
The author had made the point. The Word "Need" lead to these conflicts. The patent office needs to be extra careful when they design the question and answer section.
This is a discussion forum. We could all use a bit of politeness while expressing our views. As to your statement on Q 16.
This statement is factually incorrect. If you want to file a patent, you do NOT need to file a PS at all – because you can achieve "filing a patent" by just filing the CS, and NEVER filing the PS. So, again – you don't NEED to file the PS.
The above should not be hard to understand.
IPO does consider the application till 12.00 midnight of the deadline date. 12.01 AM would be considered as next date!!!!
So in your example "within" – 11:29 AM on 14 Nov 2001 is within 12 months of 11:30 AM on 14 Nov 2000.
The explanation you are giving is neither convincing nor going by the law as given in Section 9(1).
The correct answer suggested is option b, but as per section 9 sub-section 1, the complete specification should be filled within 12 months from the date of filing the application. I understand that within 12 months means on or before 11.05.2012 and not on 12.05.2012. The correct answer should be option d.
If you file a patent application on 01/01/2020 its full term is upto 01/01/2040 but not 31/12/2019. Therefore on or before 12/05/2012 only correct option for above question.
Its full term is upto 01/01/2040 but not 31/12/2039. Therefore on or before 12/05/2012 only correct option for above question.
Do not consider this as an argument against or in favor of any of the arguments related to 'Idea' and 'Patentability'. I'm sharing this just because its relevant to the topic 'Can Idea be Patented'.
Full story/blog can be read at http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/11/17/protecting-idea-can-ideas-be-patented/id=103389/, if interested.
Amit, you seem to be looking at things in a very superficial manner. Let me ask you few simple questions – what is central to an invention? what does your invention protect? Answer is the underlying IDEA! We are not talking about idea as it exists in the mind of someone. Your idea needs to take some tangible form and patent specification is an example of that. What is prevented by a patent is not making copy of your patent specification, but your idea that you have communicated to the world by putting it in some form, for example a patent specification. ideas do not have value if they only exists in your head, no matter how concrete they are. Needless to say, your idea must satisfy the criteria of patentability for it to be protected. If you understand the difference between what a copyright protects and what a patent protects, the distinctions is very clear.
I've clearly said "Do not consider this as an argument against or in favor of any of the arguments related to 'Idea' and 'Patentability'. I'm sharing this just because its relevant to the topic 'Can Idea be Patented'." Its just to provide some relevant reading, one can go through the full story if one is interested. Its not about endorsing any view, its just sharing a story/blog. It has nothing to do with the correctness (or otherwise) of the question in PAE and the answer thereof.
When will come result of written exam?
Has anyone who appeared for the exam received any communication from the IPO yet?
The portal for registration for the Exam was not operational when I tried – any better luck for anyone?
how I can apply for rechecking of my answer sheet?
I don't know whether any special options (online) will be offered by Patent Office for Re-Totaling after final result. But you may reach them at [email protected] (mentioned in e-admit card) regarding the discrepancies. Pl note, it will not be encouraged before FINAL RESULT.
*Candidates are accounted even they attended Paper-I alone.
Overall pass % increased this time. But notable improvement occurred in All centers except Nagpur. When compared to 2016, this year (2018) Paper-II valuation goes liberal in all centers except Nagpur it seems. And also the difficulty level of Paper-I was little lesser than in 2016. After Viva-Voce, the final result would show the exact outcome.
A lot of people could not make to finally clearance of the Indian Patent Exam due to subjectivity in Viva though they cleared written exam. Its extremely disheartening for these people. Indian Patent Exam is not conducted every year and there is an extreme need for professionals to clear the exam. Based on these circumstances it is very sad that in spite of clearing the written one could not make to final. I think the office should consider this point and either remove the Viva voice or give 40 marks in written to those qualified in written.
2018 Patent Agent exam was a golden opportunity for aspirants. I agree with the subjectivity of the Viva but paper 1 was good enough this time to clear the final exam.
For question 16, option b is the correct option as one can patent an idea by filing PS and then CS as per act. If there has been an option of directly filing CS then it would have been correct. From the options available in the Q16 the correct answer should be b.
Will the Indian Patent Agent Exam be conducted this year in 2019? Can anyone suggest?
It will be conducted on a yearly basis from now on as per the insider information. So yes it will be conducted in 2019. Prepare well. All the best.


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Home » Tech News » Mobiles » PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds: received fatwa from scholars in Iraqi Kurdistan
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds: received fatwa from scholars in Iraqi Kurdistan
3 years ago Yasir Zeb
One of the most popular games of 2018 "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds" has received strong criticism from the Islamic scholars in Iraqi Kurdistan imposing a fatwa on the game and declaring it un-Islamic.
A group of Islamic scholars in Iraqi Kurdistan has issued fatwa against the most popular video game however, some of the liberal scholars still defy the ruling and argue that "Imams are imposing too many fatwas on the youth, first they said, having goatee is haram, then they say having a hairstyle is haram and now the video game is haram, leave the young people alone." Said Mala Saman Sangavi, bbc reported.
Because of husband's game and mobile addiction, one Iraqi Kurdish women asked the court for divorce and said it is the only option, what type of marriage is this when Husband is distracted and do not pay attention to you."
The imams who issued fatwa said wasting time is unIslamic,
Irfan Rasheed from Kurdistan Union of Scholars said, "The game not only wastes one's time but also affect vision when played on mobile phones, it also affects the body and make people sluggish, the Prophet SAW has advised us to protect the body which has rights on us.
While interviewing youth BBC reported that young people are fond of this game, they really enjoy their time playing the game.
Tags: Fatwa on game, games, Iraqi Kurdistan, Playerunknown's battlefgrounds
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: using hdmi and vga on pc for extending windows I am building a new pc.
There is a situation I need to handle. Here I am going with the R7 240 2GB DDR3 XFX card which has both HDMI and VGA outs.
I have an old monitor HP w15e which has only VGA port.
I am going to get a new monitor 1080p which is DELL-SE2216H and has both HDMI and VGA connection.
problem: I will use dell as primary monitor and hp as secondary using "extend display" feature on windows 10. I am thinking of connecting dell using HDMI and hp using VGA. Can i use both HDMI and VGA at the same time to extend the screen?
So on the desktop
HDMI from gfx card-->dell 1080p
VGA from gfx card-->hp 720p
how can I be sure before buying the thing?
thanks.
PS: the parts link https://in.pcpartpicker.com/list/CJgxzM, didn't get exact model for hp w15e so it shows hp w185e

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to set value in Object I have to set value in object.
This is the problem: when I try to write a prop in object that has some props, previous props will be deleted.
I solved two cases and there's the last one.
I need test2 to be saved.
How can I fix it?
Thanks.

var obj = {
  keyOne: "foo",
  keyTwo: {
    test1: "baz",
    test2: {
      test21: ["bar"],
    }
  }
}

function setObjectProperty(obj, string, value) {
  var path = string.split('.');
  var currentObj = obj;
  for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
    if (!currentObj[path[i]] || currentObj[path[i]] != "string") {
      currentObj[path[i]] = {};
      currentObj = currentObj[path[i]];
    }
  }
  currentObj[path[path.length - 1]] = value;
};

setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyOne', 'new');
setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyOne.key.key2', 'newnew');
setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyTwo.test1', 'zzz');

console.log(obj);

A: Few corrections are made.

*

*You need to advance the object path regardless of creating a child object

*For checking string type, you need to use typeof

var obj = {
  keyOne: "foo",
  keyTwo: {
    test1: "baz",
    test2: {
      test21: ["bar"],
    }
  }
}

function setObjectProperty(obj, string, value) {

  var path = string.split('.');
  var currentObj = obj;

  for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
    if (!currentObj[path[i]] || typeof currentObj[path[i]] === 'string') {
      currentObj[path[i]] = {};
    }

     currentObj = currentObj[path[i]];
  }
  currentObj[path[path.length - 1]] = value;
};

setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyOne', 'new');
setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyOne.key.key2', 'newnew');
setObjectProperty(obj, 'keyTwo.test1', 'zzz');

console.log(obj);

A: The test currentObj[path[i]] != "string" seems weird, I think you want to use typeof instead.
Inside of your loop, you should be advancing at every step but only creating an object if it does not exists.
Working code:
function setObjectProperty(obj, string, value) {
  var path = string.split('.');
  var currentObj = obj;
  for (var i = 0; i < path.length - 1; i++) {
    if (!currentObj[path[i]] || typeof currentObj[path[i]] == "string") {
      currentObj[path[i]] = {};
    }
    currentObj = currentObj[path[i]];
  }
  currentObj[path[path.length - 1]] = value;
};

A: Is this what you are looking for?

const store = {
  keyOne: "foo",
  keyTwo: {
    test1: "baz",
    test2: {
      test21: ["bar"],
    }
  }
}

function getKeys(key) {
  return key.split(".").filter(k => k.length);
}

function assignProps(object, keys, value = null, root = null) {
  root = root || object;

  const key = keys.shift();

  if (!key) return root;

  object[key] = keys.length === 0 ? value : {};

  assignProps(object[key], keys, value, root);
}

assignProps(store, getKeys("keyOne.foo.bar"), "baz");
assignProps(store, getKeys("keyTwo.test1.test2"), "value");

console.log(store);


Welcome to Staley Hills Villas, the Northland's premier maintenance provided villa community! Conveniently located in the heart of Shoal Creek Valley at N. Woodland Avenue and NE Shoal Creek Parkway, Staley Hills Villas allows easy access to KCI Airport, downtown Kansas City and a variety of entertainment and shopping destinations throughout the metro. As a Staley Hills Villas resident, enjoy community amenities such as walking trails, two water features, a swimming pool and cabana and acres of greenspace just outside your front door.
Thoughtfully designed and carefully constructed, our 38 villa homes built by Ernst Brothers Construction and Summit Homes feature open layouts, high-end finishes and generous storage space throughout. Affordable monthly maintenance dues ensure lawn care, irrigation services and snow clearing are taken care of, giving you more time to spend doing the things you love! Learn more about our available villas here.


From Media Day until opening night, NBA.com's John Schuhmann will provide a key stat for each team in the league and show you, with film and analysis, why it matters. Up next is the Orlando Magic, who, after a decent start, sunk like a stone to the league's worst record in the league last season.
98.8 – Points per 100 possessions allowed by the Magic defense through Dec. 19.
Does anyone remember that the Magic were 12-13 (ninth in the Eastern Conference) through their first 25 games last season? The key to that solid start was the sixth-ranked defense in the league. But from Dec. 20 on, the Magic went 8-49 and ranked 30th defensively, allowing 110.2 points per 100 possessions.
So what happened on Dec. 19? Glen Davis sprained his left shoulder and was lost for 11 games. He returned for nine games in January, but then broke his left foot and was done for the season.
Davis isn't exactly Kevin Garnett when it comes to defense. He's not as mobile, he's not as intense and he's not as vocal. Nobody is.
The Magic's strength of schedule wasn't great in those first 25 games, but they did beat Denver, the Lakers (on the road) and Golden State twice, allowing the Warriors (who finished with the 10th best offense in the league) to score just 96 points per 100 possessions in the two games.
Much was made of the offensive production of some of the Magic's young players in the second half of the season. There's a lot of promise in guys like Tobias Harris, Maurice Harkless, Andrew Nicholson and Nikola Vucevic.
But over the last 57 games of the season, their team defense was absolutely dreadful. They didn't defend the paint or the 3-point line very well, and they barely forced any turnovers.
It shouldn't be any surprise that their defense in those first couple of months was at its best, allowing just 95.5 points per 100 possessions, with Davis on the floor with fellow vets Jameer Nelson and Arron Afflalo. The trio missed a total of 92 games last season.
His absence will likely keep them from being a decent defensive team at the start of the season. But if he can somehow come back at close to 100 percent, he could certainly spark an improvement and make Orlando much less of a walkover for opponents looking to pad their record.
vucevic and tobias harris from trade right? nice one!
The Orlando Magic's win against the Lakers was huge because that was Dwight's old team. Of course, it's going to be an important game for Orlando to win in.
really.. they beat the lakers last year? and that's somehow mentionable?
The lakers made the playoffs, have Kobe (an MVP and 5 time champ) Nash (2 time MVP), had a 3 time DPOY and a bunch of allstars, so yes, for a team that only won 20 games, beating stacked playoff teams is mentionable.


I'm actually against this, but I think it's funny because the DNC and puppets have been screaming about "media influencers" and "fake news" and "alt-news" influencing the election and how "something must be done" -- but they're just now beginning to see the problem of allowing the government to decide what is valid or not as "news" because of who is in office. If Hillary had won, we'd see a full court press on how the government must intervene to protect our electorate.
How is the media not the single biggest threat to freedom we have right now?
Is that a joke? Actually now that I think of it fake news like Fox and Hannity and Trump helped get Trump elected, so it is a huge danger.
Seriously you guys are brainwashed, in fact I would say so brainwashed that there's nothing left of your brains. Big business and the wealthy are the biggest danger to every man, woman, child and animal on this planet.
This plan is unconstitutinal, undemocratic, and immoral. No wonder Trump is doing it.
Once they have said list, I wonder, what then?
I bet the left is wishing they'd have supported our gun rights instead of calling for registry and everything else under the sun.
Fortunately, most of us freedom loving patriots aren't the vindictive types.
That reply wins for me in the most hilarious post I have ever seen before. You just can't get it backwards like that without some serious disillusioned effort.
Didn't Hitler walk down that same path.
And yet only a few posts into this thread and partisanship starts up. Your Republic is moving into its final death throes.
When will you reclaim your Republic instead of being divided?
The sad part is, you guys want to lump everyone who simply watches Fox News into a category you claim believes every bit of it. While they do present some very valid arguments, it is clear Fox News is as Pro-Trump as CNN/etc are Anti-Trump.
Although some may watch it as a preferred source of information via cable television (not many choices), most who use the Internet as the source of their news/information tend to aggregate multiple sources from a variety of ideological backgrounds and vet the data manually.
It is about the only way to get decent information. Oh, and STRATFOR has a a deal running for $199 subscription (mine cost $400.00). Excellent source of accurate and unbiased information.
Is DHS going to kick the Jews out of another country?!?!?!?


text:
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The County Levy and the Training Levy for 2014 / 2015 have now been set. The total of the two items will be £5.30 net per person.
The County Levy is increased by £1 to £5.40, per person (with a 10p rebate if payment is received by the County before 31 March 2014) and the Training Levy remains at nil (as there is currently an adequate surplus in the designated fund for Training) subject to the same exclusions agreed with Districts.
The Headquarters Membership Subscription is unchanged at £21.00 per person, with a 50p rebate if payment is received by the County before 31st March 2014.
Administrators do not pay either Levy.
Everyone apart from Administrators pays the HQ Membership Subscription.
Over 65s including SAS members do not pay the County Levy or the Training Levy.
SAS members under 65 do not pay the Training Levy but do pay County Levy.


text:
Berkau ist der Name zweier Orte in Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland:

 Berkau (Bismark), Ortsteil und Ortschaft der Stadt Bismark (Altmark) im Landkreis Stendal
 Berkau (Wittenberg), Ortsteil von Lutherstadt Wittenberg im Landkreis Wittenberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Analogue Music | Geographer
By Matt Conner
There's a box of failed ideas somewhere in Mike Deni's house.
I could be wrong. It could be files on a floppy disk or thumb drive. Maybe he's discarded all of the evidence. But the man known musically as Geographer is honest enough to admit his earliest drives to write all fell flat. Unfinished novels and a completed novella are somewhere to be found yet never to be read—at least if you want to stick to the good stuff.
Fortunately, Deni's literature experiment gave way to his primary passion of songwriting, one that stretches back to adolescence. It's here, set to striking synth melodies, that his writing grabs hold. With beautiful, sometimes haunting, albums like Ghost Modern or Myth, Geographer's catalog is proof of Deni's incredible gift, even if it took him some time to find the right avenue.
We recently sat down with Deni to discuss his journey from English Lit major to headlining artist and how he ended up with 120 songs from which to choose for his latest release, Alone Time.
Analogue: This year will be 10 years since you released your debut. Have you reflected much on that timeline at all lately?
Mike: I think I'm a completely different person now with completely different expectations—namely, realistic ones. [Laughs] That's the biggest change for me. It's seeing what a life in music actually means versus what I thought it was. Now we're talking when I was a kid, but I thought you recorded an album over the course of a year or maybe two, where you spend almost the whole time in the studio. Then you tour on your album and do it over and over again. I didn't realize all the stuff you have to do.
The music industry has also changed. The rules are different. The game is different. The goals are different. The successes are measured completely differently. When I first started, I think a Platinum album meant double what it does now. When I first stated, I'd be psyched if someone saw my album on Bit Torrent and now that doesn't exist anymore. Now it's, "I saw you on a hipster, indie playlist on Spotify," and I'm like, "Great!" But when I first started, what was Spotify?
I can only imagine how someone who's been in the game for a long time feels. But it's fun to adapt, once you realize that you're going to have to continue to adapt constantly.
Analogue: Looking back to when you first started, was there an identifiable moment when you decided to give all of this a go—not just to make music because it's fun but to pursue it as a career?
Mike: My arc of wanting to be a musician started when I was a kid. I thought, "I'm going to be a musician because I have this pretty voice that everybody seems to like. I'm the best saxophonist in school. I suck at sports and nobody likes me. So I guess that's what I'll do." That's where I derived my own conception of my self-worth and, of course, I loved it.
Credit: Jack Gorlin
My family was very academically oriented. I never felt any pressure from them. It was just implied, much in the same way that some people knew they'd have to become a doctor because their parents moved here with $5 in their pocket. I don't know if that's a good analogy because I didn't do it, but I tried. I went to college and I was always into studying since, like I said, nobody liked me. I wanted to be a novelist, so I studied English Literature and Creative Writing. I thought I'd sit at home all day long writing.
I actually quit music entirely when I went to college. I'd started writing songs around the age of 13 in my basement on my 4-track just layering stuff—sort of the same way I do now except it was terrible. I stopped even listening to music. I would listen to books on tape instead. I was utterly focused on becoming a great novelist, but all of my teachers told me, "No one can teach you how to write." I was like, "Well, what's your job?" [Laughs]
I think I wrote three or four failed novels and one completed novella and they were all bad. I had to take stock of my life and I noticed that I was just bad at writing. It was fine. I knew I could get okay at it if I worked really hard, but I would never be great. But what am I good at? I'm good at music. So I wondered why not do that instead. Maybe a month before I graduated college, I saw the path before me. From that point forward, it was all about pursuing my musical career.
Analogue: You're working on Alone Time now. Does this release feel like the others?
Mike: No way! When I released my first album, I could barely handle the feeling of excitement. It was like a child seeing cotton candy for the first time after hearing it described for years. I was in a studio! These were my gods. People who go into studios to make music ignites my soul, so then I did that. Then I put it on a CD. I went to FedEx to make that thing. I printed it out and cut it with scissors and put it in 500 jewel cases and sold that at my shows. It was a huge triumph.
I'd always harbored the suspicion that what I'd made was worthy, but after toiling in obscurity, you don't count on that.
Then the fact that people cared and liked it... I'd always harbored the suspicion that what I'd made was worthy, but after toiling in obscurity, you don't count on that. I mean, your parents tell you that you're talented and your girlfriend says it, but does that apply to the world? When it started happening was an incredible feeling.
I do still get very excited about the songs. Each little song is an achievement for me. Basically I make the thing, pat myself on the back saying, "You did it buddy." Then I move on. I'm like, "We're going to put this out. If people like it, then we're going to play it a lot live. If they don't like it, I'm proud of it and now I'm going to work on the next journey." I think I used to really hold on a lot more. Once you've done it for so long and you've tasted the bitter taste of defeat enough, it's hard to have that childish joy.
Analogue: Do you have to protect part of that instinct or joy in order to keep going?
Mike: You cannot hang your sense of self on other people's reactions to what you're doing. You never started doing it for other people's reactions. You did it because of your own feeling in the middle of euphoric creation. It's very cathartic. But that's hard. Once you achieve success, it's like, "Okay, I'm allowed to do this for a living now." You quit your job. Then it becomes, "How do I hold on to this?" Rather than letting go and thinking, "I've always done this for myself. Whatever happens with it is going to happen." It's very difficult to hold onto that feeling.
Analogue: For your new EP, I read where you wrote 120 songs and distilled them down to five. Is that typical for you, that volume of material?
Mike: Not usually, definitely not with the first couple albums. With Animal Shapes, every single song I wrote in the time period. The way I used to write is that I'd write the song and I'd say, "Well, this is one of the songs." So if it wasn't working, I had to make it work. It made things move very slowly and created pretty bizarre songs, really, for better or worse. Sometimes a song would be triumphantly bizarre, like "The Boulder." Others could get too bizarre. "Keep," from Ghost Modern, is a song that I wish I'd spent another month or two on because I think there's something really beautiful there. I just couldn't quite quite achieve it.
But now, when that happens, I write a song and then I finish the song. I have a goal in my mind of the kind of songs I want to write, but now I just let myself write whatever songs are there in the moment. I never try to force it. I always start out trying to write something particular, but I almost always end up turning away from that line of thinking. That's when the great stuff happens.


text:
Karlstadt je grad u Švedskoj, središte švedske županije Värmlands. Karlstadt se nalazi na mjestu gdje se najduža rijeka Švedske Klarälven svojom deltom ulijeva u najveće jezero Švedske Vänern.
Grad ima 58.544 stanovnika (2005).

Povijest
Na najvećem otočiću Karlstadta u srednjem vijeku se nalazilo mjesto vjećanja i trgovine Tingvalla, koje svoje korijene vuče iz doba Vikinga, otprilike 1000 godina prije Krista.
Švedski vojvoda Karlo (koji je kasnije postao kralj) je Karlstadtu 5. ožujka 1584.g. dodijelio status grada, darovao gradu dosta zemljšta i učinio ga upravnim središtem regije, a grad je i nazvan po njemu.

Sport
U gradu se nalazi sjedište Relija Švedska koji je jedna od utrka FIA Svjetskog prvenstva u relija. Färjestads BK je profesionalni klub hokeja na ledu iz Karlstadta.

Vanjske poveznice

Službene internet stranice

Gradovi u Švedskoj


The Van Gogh exhibition at the Atelier des lumières immerses you in the artist paintings with a perfectly matched soundtrack and diverse light projections.
Visiting the French capital? Are you looking for the best vegetarian Restaurants in Paris? Our teams have provided their best selection.
Are you currently organizing your next trip to Paris? We at Booster2Success want to help, so we crafted a list of our most famous monuments in Paris.nables à Paris.
The Leonardo da Vinci exhibition at the Louvre is an unprecedented opportunity for art lovers! 2019 marks the 500th anniversary of the artist's death.
For a lovely week or weekend with friends and family, explore the wonderful region of Normandy. You'll find the charming holiday cottage La Marie Jeanne near Giverny.
After an outing to the Opera Bastille or after a bucolic stroll along the greenbelt of Paris, do you have hunger pangs? We deliver to you our good restaurants in Bastille district. You decide which you prefer!
For your next trip, we recommend Hotel Ampere. This hotel near Arc de Triomphe is a relaxing oasis of calm in the middle of the Parisian jungle!
There is no particular season that's best for rewarding employees and uniting teams. That's why we offer a selection of indoor team building in Paris.
The 5 exhibitions in 2019 in Paris not to be missed!
It's 2019 and Booster2Success is taking you to the museum! We have selected the best exhibitions in 2019 in Paris that you should absolutely not miss.


Deploy a Full-Stack Realtime App in seconds using Serverless Components. Just provide your frontend code (powered by the website component), and your backend code (powered by the socket component).
Great use-cases for this project are: Chat Apps, Bots, Notification Systems, Charting Dashboards, Stock Tickers & more. As always, consider a serverless stack like this if you are looking to deliver software or features with extremely low overhead.
For more info on working with the socket.js file, check out the socket component docs.
To see a full example of an application built with this, check out this Chat Application.
# if you're using a framework like React, that would be the root of your frontend project, otherwise it'd be where index.html lives.
command: npm run build # this is the default anyway!
Checkout the Serverless Components repo for more information.


Shenmu (SM) subbituminous coal without caking property was treated by low-temperature rapid pyrolysis (LTRP) to modify its caking and coking properties. The treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, vitrinite reflectance, and X-ray diffraction to determine the modification mechanism. Moreover, caking index (G) and coking indices (mechanical strength, coke reactivity, and coke strength after reaction) were employed to evaluate caking and coking properties, respectively. The results showed that SM coal was gradually upgraded with increasing processing temperature. Furthermore, the G values for the treated samples were significantly higher than that for SM coal, and G reached the maximum value at 450 °C, implying the modification of caking property and the existence of an optimum temperature (450 °C). Additionally, laboratory coking determinations showed that LTRP increased the mechanical strength of coke and coke strength after reaction and decreased coke reactivity when the treated coals were used in the coal blends instead of raw SM coal. Overall, LTRP treatment is effective to improve the caking and coking properties of SM coal. A mechanism was proposed for the modification. Suitable upgrading degree with suitable molecular masses and some releasable hydrogen-rich donor species present within the coal, which dominate the development of caking property, is important.
The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21776002), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department (Nos. KJ2016A097 and KJ2017A056), Innovation Project of Overseas People of Anhui Province, Student Research Training Program of Anhui Province (201810360190), and Youth Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Technology (No. QZ201806) for financial support.


The availability of and access to an adequate amount of food that is healthy and nutritious that meets populations' dietary needs and food preferences is food security. It has an impact on populations' access to their health, education and their life outcomes. One goal is to help ensure developing communities have access to self-sustaining food sources, directly impacting their health, access to education and life outcomes.
The majority of community members are farmers. Therefore when their crops fail to grow for whatever reason, they are unable to feed their families. Widespread of malnutrition occurred due to the rising global food prices, which makes the purchase of food to be out of reach. The weather can be a big barrier for food and agriculture as well. If a drought were to occur or too much rain, crops would fail to grow.
What are some of the projects that Free the Children has been involved with in support of this pillar?
How does Free the Children approach a community to offer help and what kind of community involvement goes into these projects?
Free the children is based on the Adopt a Village model. The point of the model is to give a hand up, not a hand out. One or two members of Free the Children go to live in a community in need. They do not state their business. Instead, for a year they get to know the culture, the people that live there, and the issues that the community is facing. After that year, they offer help to the community, who decides what they are in need of most, and which pillar that should be focused on. Free the children focuses on sustainable solutions, so that the people can take care of themselves in the future. The community must be involved in the project at hand, giving a certain amount of money and volunteers, to ensure a sense of involvement and responsibility for their own success.
How do these projects affect the community?
The projects focusing on agriculture and food security aim to provide developing countries with self sustaining food sources, and thus, enough to eat and proper nutrition. This benefits the health of the community. More children are able to go to school, and life outcomes improve for everyone.
Daniel Kirui was hoping for a miracle. When disease wiped out the crops in his small community of Emorijoi in Kenya, the father of two wondered how he would feed his daughters. He couldn't comprehend the magnitude of the situation and what it would mean for his family. Daniel starts every morning waking up and heading straight to his farm. When he woke up one more to find his crops destroyed, he felt helpless. He needs the maize he harvests to sell in the market to earn money to pay for the land he leases and to buy seeds for the next season.
One of the most pressing issues facing developing communities is food security; availability of and access to healthy foods. During this time of emergency, Free The Children distributed seeds to Daniel and other small-scale famers, giving them the tools to plant millet and cassava crops. Daniel cleared and ploughed his land for these new crops so that he could restore his lost income and be able to provide for his family.
"Now we have something to put in the ground," says Daniel, "something to look forward to." Through this agriculture project and continued agricultural interventions in Daniel's community, Daniel and his family are going to be able to secure accessible, adequate and nutritious food for years to come.
The first UN Millennium Development Goal is to Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty and is related closely to this Free the Children Pillar. Target 1C of the MDG's is the one closest related and was to halve the number of people who suffer from extreme hunger between 1990 and 2015. Under this, they wanted to lower the number of kids under five who are underweight and lower the number of people who were under their minimum dietary consumption.
Even though some places are still suffering, due to the UN Millennium Development Goals some places have made huge gains. For example; Northern Africa now has a low hunger rate and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia have improved their rates. The proportion of undernourished people in developing countries decreased by 24% in 1990-1992 to 14% in 2011-2013.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO warned that their is number of people experiencing the level of food crisis and the numbers are doubling, in South Sudan. The latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, IPC reported released on the 6 of February, that 3.9million people are in a state of food security Stress. Some are likely to slip into Crisis and Emergency that is if live hood support, the security and markets fail.
"In part pf the country they are missed crop cycles in conflict-ravaged. Now we are expecting household food stocks in the worst- affected to fun out by March 2015-even, much earlier than in a normal year," said FAO Country Representative in South Sudan.
The IPC update the eight out of 11 counties are classified as Crisis and Emergency phases. Out of these eight, Nyiror, Uror and Akobo are likely to get humanitarian assistance. However, four countries of Fangak, Canal/Pigi, Ayod and Duk will remain in an Emergency phase mainly because the existence of military front lines. Means it is unlikely that adequate humanitarian interventions can be implemented succesfully during the projected period.
1. Ashoka Innovators for the Public (United States/International) – Ashoka supports a network of 3,000 social entrepreneurs across the world. By providing financing and start-up capital, Ashoka has been transforming the landscape of social innovation since 1980. It is encouraging fundamental transformation of the food chain to full nutrition with an initiative linking human wellbeing, agriculture, and the environment.
2. Australian International Food Security Centre (AIFSC) (Australia) – The AIFSC is a non-profit organization that works to promote agricultural innovation and attract investment to agricultural development projects. Aiming to build capacity for farming initiatives worldwide, AIFSC focuses on achieving specific goals like improving nutrition, connecting researchers with industry, and enhancing supply chain systems to allow farmers to bring their products to market.
3. Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition (BCFN) (Italy) – The Barilla Center for Food & Nutrition works to promote science and research for combating hunger and malnutrition worldwide. Using knowledge gleaned from research projects around the world, BCFN seeks to take innovative ideas for tackling food insecurity and translate them into effective policy recommendations for governments around the world. Since their inception, they have released original research on a wide range of topics including global obesity and sustainable agriculture.
4. Bioversity International (International) – Bioversity International is a research and development organization aimed at supporting smallholder farmers in the developing world through sustainable agriculture and conservation. Bioversity International focuses on rain-fed farming systems, managed by smallholder farmers, in communities where large scale agriculture is not possible.
5. Calacea Farm, Not For Sale (NFS) (Romania) - NFS is an organization working to fight modern-day slavery around the world. In Romania, NFS works with their partner Mariana, operating an organic farm, which accommodates survivors of human trafficking. Just outside Timișoara, the farm offers individuals in recovery opportunities for health care, education, life skill training and new employment, to restore dignity and help re-build their future. Last year, NFS helped construct a building to house up to 50 additional farm workers, a workshop space to make jam, milk, and cheese, and two greenhouses to produce fruits and vegetables.
If you believe in targeting close to home, these organizations can always use help. Food Banks Canada is a national company who supports over 85% of the people accessing essential food programs in Canada, find where you can donate at; http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/Get-Involved/How-You-Can-Help.aspx. If you don't believe in the handout, by donating to places like the St. Vincent De Paul Society you are giving local people coupons and vouchers for food instead just the food. This means to get the food they need they have to do something for it. Please visit; http://communitylink.cioc.ca/record/BAR0203.
If you want to look more globally, the World Food Programme takes donations monthly to send food to countries who are in need because of emergencies such as natural disasters. If this is something you are interested in, please visit; https://www.wfp.org/help. If you are interested in how Me to We stops hunger, "We Scare Hunger" is something interesting to donate to. On halloween, trick or treating for canned food instead of candy is what they want you to do. For more information on this, visit; http://www.freethechildren.com/get-involved/campaigns/we-scare-hunger/. If you are looking to help with food security Cargill is a company committed to increasing food security around the world, it makes sure places that need it always have access to the amount of food that they need. Read more at; http://www.cargill.com/corporate-responsibility/food-security/. Another company, DAI is looking to secure the production, handling and processing of these foods to ensure they are always there for people who need it. To read more please visit; http://dai.com/our-work/solutions/nutrition-and-food-security. By doing something as easy as donating food or time to one of these companies you could change someones life.


This all day event will be held in Derbyshire, UK.
We currently have 6 players, including three from this forum, and can include up to 4 more.
At least one game of 1942.2 will be played. The other game may be 1942.2, Anniversary or 1914, as will be decided by participants on the day.
If you are interested please either reply to this thread in Events or send a PM to Private Panic.
The Battle Reports for our previous events (posted on this board below) will show you how much fun we have!
Due to holidays and other commitments our numbers were whittled down to just three players this time, but that meant more action for us!
We played 1914. Dukla passer played Italy and Russia with a non-forum player taking UK, USA and France. Private Panic played Germany, AH & Turkey.
With fewer players we managed to complete more turns - eight in all. However, we forgot that in 1914 unsupported infantry have an attack power of 2, instead playing them at 1, as for the ww2 A&A versions. Dukla passer spotted this after perhaps the 5th turn but we decided that we should continue as we had started.
That of course slowed down those advances which were meant to swiftly eliminate an enemy power - giving both R and T an extended life.
Nevertheless, Moscow fell in turn 8. By contrast, T fared much better and had by the end begun to overcome the allied forces arrayed against it. This is despite being reduced to 9 ipcs at one stage.
The USA was bringing to an end G's ability to roam Africa at will.
F's forces had taken control of Alsace.
A-H dominant in northern Italy and at the gates of Rome, although that was heavily defended by multi-national forces.
AH also therefore threatening southern F, which had served to divert F reinforcements away from the G front, giving hope to the Axis that Alsace would be recaptured.
Allied fleets in control of the Med. G and UK navies continually contesting the North Sea. Two significant naval engagements there won by the UK, despite one being on absolutely equal terms and the other with a clear Axis advantage.
Private Panic felt that the game should be declared a draw as neither side had a clear winning position. Dukla passer felt that the Axis had a 60/40 advantage, perhaps because of Turkey's renaissance. He is a gentleman!
These quarterly events are held in Derbyshire, England. Anyone wishing to join us is welcome - just reply to this thread or PM Private Panic. Thus far we have played any of 1942.2, Anniversary and 1914, as players wish on the day. Currently we have seven or eight players, so there will be two games, with space for one or two more to participate. Book early to avoid disappointment!
@aftertaste Thanks for those additions Mike. Much appreciated.


text:
news, national, bendigo, covid, gat, test, general achievement test
THE General Achievement Test has been postponed as a result of the extended COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne. The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority on Wednesday confirmed the GAT, which was scheduled to take place on June 9, has been postponed to a yet to be fixed date. All students studying a 3/4 Victorian Certificate of Education subject sit the GAT. The three-hour assessment is used to create a derived examination score for anyone whose results are affected by illness, accident, or personal trauma. Bendigo Senior Secondary College principal Dale Pearce said it was the sensible decision to postpone the test. "My understanding is the key reason for it was because of the number of exposure sites," Mr Pearce said. "We have a lot of students, in the metropolitan area in particular, who are in 14 days of isolation. They would not have been able to complete the GAT. "It's a common sense decision. As long as the GAT goes ahead, presumably sometime in term three, then it will serve its purpose." IN OTHER NEWS: The announcement came as regional primary and secondary students prepare to go back to the classroom from Friday. Mr Pearce said the resumption of face-to-face classes came at the perfect time for senior students. "One thing that this does is provide us with an additional day, now that the GAT is not going ahead," he said. "Fortunately for us, we can run our scheduled mid-year exams with some modifications. "I expect this announcement will provide some clarity for staff, students, and families." Catholic Education Office Sandhurst director Paul Desmond said it was "good news" for the region's schools. "I think parents, teachers, and students in regional Victoria will be elated with this news," he said. "Hopefully metropolitan Melbourne will be in a position to follow suit in the very near future. I'm very much aware that the principals are very pleased about this." Mr Desmond said the week of remote learning in the regions had been a success. "It's a been a positive experience this week," he said. "I'm not hearing any negativity from schools or from parents. "It seems to me that everyone accepts that at the present time, this is our way of being. "But everyone is also hopeful that the action that is being taken will result in the desired outcome of life going back to normal."
/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/tara.cosoleto/f5641348-4ac6-4072-a971-b46e4f91dd5a.jpg/r0_187_3760_2311_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
June 3 2021 - 11:00AM
2021 General Achievement Test postponed due to Melbourne's coronavirus lockdown
Tara Cosoleto
CHANGE: The GAT is used to create a derived examination score for year 12 students whose results are affected by illness, accident, or personal trauma. Picture: FILE
THE General Achievement Test has been postponed as a result of the extended COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne.
The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority on Wednesday confirmed the GAT, which was scheduled to take place on June 9, has been postponed to a yet to be fixed date.
All students studying a 3/4 Victorian Certificate of Education subject sit the GAT.
The three-hour assessment is used to create a derived examination score for anyone whose results are affected by illness, accident, or personal trauma.
Bendigo Senior Secondary College principal Dale Pearce said it was the sensible decision to postpone the test.
"My understanding is the key reason for it was because of the number of exposure sites," Mr Pearce said.
"We have a lot of students, in the metropolitan area in particular, who are in 14 days of isolation. They would not have been able to complete the GAT.
"It's a common sense decision. As long as the GAT goes ahead, presumably sometime in term three, then it will serve its purpose."
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The announcement came as regional primary and secondary students prepare to go back to the classroom from Friday.
Mr Pearce said the resumption of face-to-face classes came at the perfect time for senior students.
"One thing that this does is provide us with an additional day, now that the GAT is not going ahead," he said. "Fortunately for us, we can run our scheduled mid-year exams with some modifications.
"I expect this announcement will provide some clarity for staff, students, and families."
Catholic Education Office Sandhurst director Paul Desmond said it was "good news" for the region's schools.
"I think parents, teachers, and students in regional Victoria will be elated with this news," he said.
"Hopefully metropolitan Melbourne will be in a position to follow suit in the very near future. I'm very much aware that the principals are very pleased about this."
Mr Desmond said the week of remote learning in the regions had been a success.
"It's a been a positive experience this week," he said. "I'm not hearing any negativity from schools or from parents.
"It seems to me that everyone accepts that at the present time, this is our way of being.
"But everyone is also hopeful that the action that is being taken will result in the desired outcome of life going back to normal."
This story General Achievement Test postponed for regional Victorian secondary students first appeared on Bendigo Advertiser.


Replaced it with a touchscreen running Squeezeplayer which works just fine.
Homeseer Touch ==> Amazon Echo ==> Squeezeplayer (1Gb eMMC).
The Squeeze player is very simple running Ubuntu 14.06 on 1Gb of an internal eMMC which is a bit more light than Wintel running on SSD. Really similar simple boxes.
Call me paranoid but I not only don't own Echo and I have also disabled the microphone on my laptop.
Edited by mikefamig, 25 May 2018 - 08:14 AM.
But of course I am doing that while I type right now - such that what I write and do are different - paradox I guess.
First time use here of the Roku built in to the television which is always on 24/7. My viewing here is about 80% KODI and 20% Roku such that now I unplug the network interface to the television after I saw Roku pop ups while watching Kodi movies (reading the HDMI cable plus may be the microphone).
Really here didn't care much until wife started to ask about it. This is levels above relating to wife questions about purchasing a $50 plus automated switch when a $5 analog switch works just fine.
really it's about the social engineering of common good AI if you are in to that.
I unplugged my Amazon Echo almost a year and a half ago, I tape over cameras and turn off microphones. I think a lot of what some of these companies do should be against the law. Why are they allowed to track you from site to site?
Yeh, I put tape over any cameras, even on my phone, front and back. I do have an Echo but just for development/testing so it's off the rest of the time. In the longer run, it's not difficult to imagine the internet become essentially unusable for anyone with anything to lose. It cannot be protected. No technical means can work, because there are hundreds of millions of naive users on it who are wide open for social engineering style attacks and who don't know enough to take even basic precautions. And those folks can then be used to go after less naive users (the Web of Misplaced Trust.) And, where there are technical means of attack (and there will always be), finding victims can be easily automated, so being a nobody buys you nothing.
Edited by Dean Roddey, 25 May 2018 - 08:37 PM.
"The internet is the devil's gateway"


Owner and operator, Angela started helping people with parties over eight years ago after her twin girls were born, hence the name "2 Sweet". The team at 2Sweet loves working with people to come up with the perfect party theme and then watching it bloom from invitations to cakes and confections! They pride themselves on personalizing everything they create to fit the clients' needs. Angela and her team look forward to working with you!
2Sweet LLC was voted Jersey Choice Best Cupcakes of 2014 by NJ Monthly Magazine, appeared in the Record to commemorate National Cupcake Day, and has been featured on numerous websites and blogs.
2Sweet would like to thank the following people for their generous support!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Please visit our Open House at 104 2401 HAWTHORNE AVE in Port Coquitlam.
You have not seen a nicer one bedroom than this one!!! Extensive renovation done by high end contractor! Ceilings have been scraped and smoothed, new engineered oak hardwood flooring, porcelain tile in entry, kitchen and bathroom, new baseboard trim throughout, new electrical outlets and switches, new modern lighting, closet organizers throughout, new kitchen with concrete counters, cabinets are birch plywood, doors are a commercial grade melamine panel, hinges are all soft close, pulls are custom made from black walnut, new tile backsplash and a completely updated bathroom! Nice size S facing patio for outdoor entertaining plus 1 parking & 1 storage. OPEN HOUSES: SAT/SUN, FEB 17TH/18TH, 2:00-4:00 PM. PRIVATE SHOWINGS BEFORE OPENS WELCOME.


text:
Mortal Kombat 11's Joker seems to be teasing Injustice 3
By Cian Maher published 22 January 20
Creative director Ed Boon is in on the joke.
Only two of us? That's an injustice! (Image credit: Warner Bros. )
The Joker is joining the Mortal Kombat 11 roster soon, but he's already been getting up to mischief, with one of the lines in his gameplay trailer sparking speculation that he's referring to Injustice 3, NetherRealm's DC spin-off.
"Only two of us?" Joker asks, spreading blood across his mouth to form his iconic grin. "That's an injustice!"
"What we could do with a third," retorts Joker number two.
Given that NetherRealm has yet to announce what it intends to work on next, many keen-eared Mortal Kombat players thought that this line, coupled with Joker's background as a popular Injustice character, could only mean one thing: Injustice 3 was on the way.
NetherRealm creative director Ed Boon doused the rumours with hot lava with his unconvincing denial on Twitter.
PSA: This Joker dialog is not hinting at anything related to Injustice. Any reference is purely coincidental.pic.twitter.com/ZVvwUhudyqJanuary 21, 2020
"This Joker dialog is not hinting at anything related to Injustice," Boon wrote. "Any reference is purely coincidental."
However, given that Joker is the penultimate addition to Mortal Kombat 11's roster, and considering that their next project is still under wraps, it's difficult to imagine this line wasn't written by design.
Regardless of whether or not there was any weight attached to the line though, you can play as Joker in Mortal Kombat on January 28 if you already own the DLC pack, or purchase him as a DLC character from February 4.


This is your resource to memory care in Shawnee, KS. Memory care communities offer housing and care for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. Memory care enables seniors who have memory loss to stay as active and engaged as they possibly can, while living in a dignified, comfortable and secure setting. Our local Senior Living Advisors understand memory care in Shawnee, KS and surrounding areas. After an initial consultation, your advisor will prepare a list of memory care providers that fit your loved one's specific priorities for care and living preferences, as well as your family's finances.
Costs for a single bedroom room in Shawnee run around $5,348 a month.
The official website for the city of Shawnee is http://www.CityOfShawnee.org.
Shawnee is represented by Mayor Michelle Distler.
Shawnee is a city located in northwest Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 62,209.
A podiatrist visits the community to address any issues related to your feet, regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, speech therapy is available on-site by a visiting speech therapist, trained staff monitors medication and reminds residents when it's time to take them, and transportation at cost can be arranged.
Physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this location, the Sweet Life at Shawnee is specifically equipped to handle memory care and behavioral issues, Sweet Life at Shawnee has the capacity to resolve any aggressive behavior that residents may present, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, and hospice is an option available at this location.
Nurses are on staff, caregivers at Bickford at Mission Springs are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, trained staff can administer injectable medication, the property has a nurse that is able to administer injectable medicine, and residents who drive will find parking available to them.
Nurses are on staff, this property is its own stand alone building, full-service medication administration is available, the property has a nurse that is able to administer injectable medicine, and residents can arrange for a room at this community that will allow them to live in this location whatever their healthcare needs are and become.
There is a doctor on call, caregivers at Brighton Gardens of Prairie Village are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, residents who need help with medication management can be given reminders and be monitored to make sure they are taking their medications, transportation is available for additional cost, and the community is licensed for 82 residents.
Pet care is available for residents, appetizing and healthy meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this community, the Freedom Pointe Overland Park is has particular expertise to handle memory care and behavioral issues, and aging in place allows residents to remain in one location as their care needs change.
Regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, high tech wander guards are installed to prevent residents from wandering off the property, this community provides complimentary transportation, respite care is offered, and this community was built in 2006.
Tasty and healthy meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, a visiting dentist helps residents maintain their dental health, the Bickford of Overland Park is has particular expertise to handle memory care and behavioral issues, Bickford of Overland Park has the capacity to resolve any aggressive behavior that residents may present, and the community can handle injectable medicine.
Nourishing meals are provided to residents, they serve vegetarian food at Park Meadows Senior Living, this property is its own free standing building, complimentary transportation is on hand for residents, and respite care is offered.
The facility has staff that can administer insulin to manage diabetic needs, the community is secured for the safety of residents that might be prone to wander, Emeritus at Overland Park can handle behavioral issues that residents might be inclined to, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, and hospice is an option available at this location.
Tasty and nourishing meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, the community is secured for the safety of memory care residents that might be exit seeking, full-service medication administration is available, transportation is available for additional cost, and hospice is an option available at this location.
The community is secured for the safety of residents that might be exit seeking, caregivers at Sweet Life at Brookdale Place Overland Park are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, transportation is available for additional cost, hospice is an option available at this location, and respite care is offered.
The minimum allowable age of residents is 55, professional nurses are on staff to help you, physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this property, this community provides complimentary transportation, and this community was built in 1998.
Physical therapy can be done without leaving the community by a visiting physical therapist, regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, speech therapy is offered via a speech therapist who comes to the community regularly, respite care is offered, and aging in place allows residents to remain in one location as their care needs change.
Vegetarian food is provided, a visiting podiatrist helps keep your feet healthy, physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this facility, Sunrise of Overland Park has the skill to resolve any aggressive behavior that residents may present, and wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location.
Vegetarian food options are available for all meals, this community has been built specifically for memory and dementia care, caregivers at Clare Bridge of Leawood are trained to spot potential disorientation presented by residents, staff is trained to deal with any wandering behaviors that might present themselves handled, and the community is licensed for 38 residents.
Speech therapy is available on-site by a visiting speech therapist, resident parking is available to residents who drive, this community provides complimentary transportation, respite care is offered, and this location was renovated in 2012.
Professional nurses are on staff to help you, speech therapy is available on-site by a visiting speech therapist, this community has been built specifically to support memory and dementia care, trained staff monitors medication and reminds residents when it's time to take them, and full-service medication administration is available.
a visiting podiatrist helps keep your feet healthy, caregiver staff can deal with any wandering issues residents may have, staff is trained to deal with any wandering behaviors that might present themselves dealt with, the property has a nurse that is able to administer injectable medicine, and resident parking is available to residents who drive.
Appetizing and expertly prepared meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, the minimum allowable age of residents is 55, full-service medication administration is available, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, and hospice is an option available at this location.
Physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this location, regular occupational therapy by a visiting therapist helps you stay active and engaged, wheelchair accessible showers are available at this location, the staff speaks Spanish at this location, and the staff speaks American Sign Language in the community.
They serve vegetarian food at ComfortCare Homes of Baldwin City, physical therapy is handled by the physical therapist that makes regular visits to this community, this community has been built specifically to support memory and dementia care, caregivers at ComfortCare Homes of Baldwin City can address potential disorientation presented by residents, and the staff speaks American Sign Language in the community.
The minimum allowable age of residents is 55, nurses are on staff, there is a doctor on call, the community is secured for the safety of patients that might be prone to wander, and caregivers at Windsor of Lawrence can address potential disorientation presented by residents.
Residents have vegetarian food as a menu option, staff is available help with your diabetes management, caregivers at Brandon Woods Retirement Community can address potential disorientation presented by residents, caregiver staff can deal with any wandering issues a member of the community may have, and this community administers patient medications.
Delicious and nutritious meals are provided to all residents even those with dietary restrictions, physical therapy can be done on-site by a visiting physical therapist, caregiver employees can deal with any wandering issues residents may have, residents who drive will find parking available to them, and the staff speaks Chinese in the community.


Specializing in family chiropractic care in the Newport Beach area for over 10 years, Premier Health Chiropractic has helped numerous patients recover from both minor and traumatic injuries. At Premier Health Chiropractic Dr. Sean Clark treats patients for chronic back pain, tissue injures, sciatica and much more. We invite you to contact us and schedule your complimentary chiropractic consultation today, and catch the wave to better health!
Chiropractic care is a type of alternative treatment focused on correcting various joint and muscle conditions with chiropractic adjustments and spinal manipulation. Popular among patients who are looking for an effective alternative to traditional medicine, chiropractic care is commonly applied to patients suffering from chronic lower back pain.
Medical massage therapy is generally recommended for patients suffering from joint pain or muscle pains brought on by physical trauma following an accident. Medical massage therapy may also be recommended by a physician for patients suffering from repetitive work-related movements such as the regular and continuous lifting of heavy objects. Some of the massage therapy methods used at Premier Health Chiropractic are electrical stimulation and ultrasound therapy.
Patients who are suffering from certain types of injuries or illnesses that restrict their ability to perform normal physical activities may be required by their physician to attend physical therapy. We develop fitness and wellness-oriented physical therapy programs to promote a healthier and more active lifestyle for our patients.
Auto accidents can be extremely stressful and inconvenient. Most patients have no idea who to contact or which doctor/specialist to visit first. As an injured victim of a personal injury or auto accident, your primary goal should be seeking medical treatment at an accident & injury chiropractic clinic.
I've been coming here for 8-9 years. I have a moderate scoliosis and I drive all the way from Los Angeles because Sean is the best. I've tried different clinics in my area, but they never impress me. He makes my pain go away instantly and knows exactly what he's doing. I definitely recommend this place!
I actually just finished seeing Dr.Sean. I left my appointment relieved of my back pain! Dr.Sean took the time to find out what exactly was wrong with my back and which areas were in pain the most. Typically, at other chiro offices you almost feel as if you're being rushed. Here, this is not the case. I felt the doctor took his time and actually cares about his patients. I already scheduled a follow up appointment and will definitely be referring friends here.
The most common therapeutic procedure performed by doctors of chiropractic is known as "spinal manipulation," also called "chiropractic adjustment." The purpose of spinal manipulation is to restore joint mobility by manually applying a controlled force into joints that have become hypomobile – or restricted in their movement – as a result of a tissue injury.
Tissue injury can be caused by a single traumatic event, such as an auto accident, or through repetitive stresses, such as sitting in an awkward position with poor spinal posture for an extended period of time. In either case, injured tissues undergo physical and chemical changes that can cause inflammation, pain, and diminished function for the sufferer. Spinal manipulation, or chiropractic adjustment of the affected joint and injured tissues, restores mobility, thereby alleviating pain and muscle tightness, and allowing tissues to heal.