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Home News Today in Hawaii State Audit: 'Atmosphere Of Intimidation and Fear' at Maui Housing Project
Today in Hawaii
State Audit: 'Atmosphere Of Intimidation and Fear' at Maui Housing Project
Jim Dooley
Honokowai Kauhale on Maui
BY JIM DOOLEY – An audit of the state-owned Honokowai Kauhale affordable housing project on Maui found residents living in "substandard conditions" and "an atmosphere of intimidation and fear," according to state records released today.
The audit was commissioned as a result of a series of Hawaii Reporter news stories about problems at the West Maui project, and verified the contents of those stories, the records show.
Among the findings of the audit:
"The overall physical condition of the project is clearly substandard."
"Current Resident Manager has created an atmosphere of intimidation and fear of reprisals, as reported by tenants."
Apparent discrimination against families with children through enforcement of "unwritten rules."
Failure to actively market the availability of 40 vacant units ready for occupancy.
Inconsistent enforcement of house rules.
Favoritism in "steering" of selected tenants to certain vacant units.
The audit findings (which have been redacted by the state to remove the names of individuals) are here Audit Part One and here Audit Part Two.
Based on the findings of the audit, the Housing Finance and Development Corp., the state agency that owns the project, notified property manager Realty Laua LLC on Sept. 28 of its intent to cancel the management contract if deficiencies weren't addressed within 10 days. (See the Sept. 28 Letter)
The primary requirement made of Realty Laua by the state was removal of resident manager Lisa Faleafine, a member of the family that owns Realty Laua.
Faleafine had previously been transferred from a similar job at another state-owned housing facility on the Big Island after residents there complained repeatedly about mismanagement and squalid living conditions.
On Oct. 17, the state cancelled Realty Laua's contract, saying in a letter to company president Robert Faleafine that he had failed to remove Lisa Faleafine as Honokowai Kauhale manager. (See the Oct. 17 Letter)
Robert Faleafine had "verbally assured" the state that a new manager would be appointed, but later asked for "clarification" of the state's position, the Oct. 17 letter said.
"HHFDC finds this response insufficient," agency administrator Karen Seddon said in the letter.
"HHFDC required the immediate removal and replacement of (Faleafine) as Resident Manager of the Honokowai Kauhale rental project based on the various and serious allegations documented," the letter said.
"Realty Laua has failed to act not only as required by HHFDC, but also notably in direct contrast to what Realty Laua LLC represented to be an action it was willing to take," Seddon wrote.
Honokowai Kauhale
The three-year, $1.75 million management contract was awarded to Realty Laua last year. The contract was initially awarded to another firm, Hawaii Affordable Properties, but that award was overturned after Realty Laua formally protested HHFDC's procurement procedures.
After Realty Laua's contract was cancelled, HHFDC awarded a six-month, non-bid contract to Hawaii Affordable Properties to manage Honokowai Kauahale.
The state is paying Hawaii Affordable Properties $375,000 under the six-month contract — $128,000 more than it was paying Realty Laua for the same work.
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Jim Dooley joined the Hawaii Reporter staff as an investigative reporter in October 2010. Before that, he has worked as a print and television reporter in Hawaii since 1973, beginning as a wire service reporter with United Press International. He joined Honolulu Advertiser in 1974, working as general assignment and City Hall reporter until 1978. In 1978, he moved to full-time investigative reporting in for The Advertiser; he joined KITV news in 1996 as investigative reporter. Jim returned to Advertiser 2001, working as investigative reporter and court reporter until 2010. Reach him at Jim@hawaiireporter.com
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Lanakila December 23, 2011 at 8:29 pm
Murray!. Going to the State building with signs is getting somewhere definately. According to a tenant the resident manager is back, perhaps for the temp until they get a permanent management company to take over. Its good to hear that they have someone, atleast to see whats going on. Rumor is that Lisa and Kepa was seen on property with their close friend and tenant the dude with his ukulele classes on Wednesday. Lisa and Kepa is parking outside of the property and walking into the complex so their vehicles are not spotted. No matter how much they try to sneek in eyes are watching their every move. Yes the felon is still on the property. And the trespass notice still havent been placed on the both of them. That's fine, until something goes bad or someone gets hurt it'll be on the State behind. Units are not filling up any faster or sooner, looks like it's slowly taking it's time.
norman January 2, 2012 at 8:05 am
OKAY. NOW THAT 2011 IS HISTORY-LETS SEE WHAT 2012 IS GONNA BRING US. I FEEL AND SMELL JUSTICE COMING VERY SOON!…..Now that the Holiday has gone, It's time to really take care of buisness….Let's go Dooley!
norman January 11, 2012 at 8:02 pm
So the word out is-Lisa and Kepa is pushing their way back to HK as tenants. And if they get denied, they are gonna sue the State. Hummmm…They still must have connections with the Management Company now? I smell a rat..or …..rats…Okay Dooley here we go again. So what happened to the secretary you guys let go?. I'm telling you it's not over until all of those stink rats are gassed out!…In due time.
just heard the former secretary was let go!..something is so not right. what is going on? Dooley on the rampage now!
lets get to the bottom of this
Murray February 5, 2012 at 10:02 am
Norman, what is going on here? It sounds as if Seddon and Miyasaki are up to no good again! Are units being fixed and filled?
Murray May 12, 2012 at 5:31 pm
Norman, Lanakila, and all others interested!
You may want to look into this further. The HHFDC Board conducted an annual performance review on Seddon last month. It is my understanding that letters from staff were sent to the Board outlining the bullying, intimidation, yelling and screaming tactics that she has used in her management of the office. The letters were not signed for fear of retaliation.
In addition there were concerns about her lying or withholding information from the Board that was brought to their attention. In what should have been a one-time review in April has led to a second discussion of the Board on the same topic in May. By discussing it for a second month must mean that there is some basis or concern.
As we all know, the truth will always surface and this may spell the end of her reign as Queen!


★ Studio Ghibli | Studio Ghibli films, particularly Kiki's Delivery Service, were a major part of my childhood. They're fill with magic, wonder, and whimsy and they always left me filled with awe. This past week I had the desire to start re-watching my favorites, both past and present thanks to both my personal collection and that at the library. Starting out with My Neighbor Totoro I am being taken on a journey through my childhood and I am loving every minute of it.
☆ Frozen Yogurt | The weather here has been pretty much miserable lately so any way to beat the heat is appreciated, especially if it involves something sweetly delicious. Frozen yogurt fits that bill perfectly. While I like to experiment with interesting flavors like raspberry pomegranate, I'm also loving classic combinations like mint/chocolate and peanut butter/chocolate.
★ New Opportunities | I've not been having the best of luck with my job hunt so far, but this week I've found some new opportunities that I'm really excited about. This whole process has been teaching me that despite the setbacks I need to keep my head held high because the best possibility is waiting just around the corner.
☆ Things I'm Anticipating | exploring new libraries • ngreat new movies • sunrise at the laket • ... and so much more!


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Chilly Bike Lanes
Pack of end-of-year actions on street safety anticipates bike, pedestrian work in 2019
Ground was boken Wednesday for a Watertown-Cambridge bike path expected to be complete in early summer of 2020. (Photos and video: Tom Meek)
The city will have a more comprehensive schedule of bike infrastructure rollouts early next year, Community Development spokeswoman Bridget Martin said, and the state is joining in with a Dec. 18 meeting to discuss options for bike safety improvements on some of its own roadway in Cambridge.
Even before that, the Cambridge Bicycle Safety group is calling for city staff to report back by the end of January on how common speed limit violations are in Cambridge and how the city can better engineer traffic calming; a policy order written with Mayor Marc McGovern, vice mayor Jan Devereux and city councillor Quinton Zondervan will make the request official Monday.
"For example, we know that changing paving surfaces and raising crosswalks helps slow traffic in busy areas," the group said Thursday, explaining the urgency behind the order: "Over the past 10 years, 16 vulnerable road users – either walking or biking – have been killed in our city. This is a public health crisis."
The mayor and City Manager Louis A. DePasquale are also set to attend a community meeting next week on pedestrian safety and safer streets, planned for 6:30 p.m. Thursday at the Amigos School, 15 Upton St., Cambridgeport.
There have already been several steps taken to separate cyclists from motor vehicles and connect major destinations by bike lane since an October rallyby the bicycle safety group, including a priority bus and bike lane on Mount Auburn Street; separated lanes on Massachusetts Avenue from Central Square through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to the Charles River, opened late last month; and Wednesday's groundbreaking for a Watertown-Cambridge bike path.
The Watertown-Cambridge path, expected to be complete in early summer of 2020, leverages an old railway running parallel to Huron Avenue to better connect cyclists coming from Watertown and West Cambridge to Fresh Pond destinations including the pond, mall and Danehy Park, as well as the Alewife T station and Minuteman Bike Path – good for families and other cyclists unwilling to tangle with vehicles on Huron Avenue and the Fresh Pond Parkway.
The separated bike lanes (alongside a dedicated Boston-bound bus lane) south of Central Square provide more safety in a congested area notorious for its perilous intersections. The project is still undergoing tweaks, said Joseph Barr, director of the city's Traffic, Parking & Transportation Department, though the bulk of the project was completed and opened for use just after Thanksgiving.
Data from the installations will show whether they increase public safety and get more people out of their cars, traffic officials have said.
The bicycle safety group and other advocacy groups, including Livable Streets and the Boston Cyclists Union, have been loud advocates for safer streets since the Cambridge deaths of cyclists Amanda Phillips and Joseph Lavins in 2016. In November, another cyclist was struck and killed by a dump truck at Museum Way and Monsignor O'Brien Highway, across from the Museum of Science, and state Rep. Mike Connolly called on the state to make changes.
A public hearing at 6:30 p.m. Dec. 18 at the Museum of Science – the location may change as the expected size of the audience grows – will discuss the details of Meng Jin's death and safety improvements from infrastructure and vehicle safeguard perspectives, Connolly said.
Tags: Bike, Cambridge, Cambridge Bicycle Safety group, Protected Bike Lanes, Safety
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Capo Kane rings in New Year with front-running Jerome victory
by Brian Bohl
Capo Kane made his stakes debut – and first start in New York – a successful effort, leading gate-to-wire for a 6 1/4-length victory in Friday's 151st running of the $150,000 Jerome for newly minted 3-year-olds at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Owned by Bing Cherry Racing and Leonard Liberto, Capo Kane made his debut on October 28 at Parx, running second in a seven-furlong sprint. He ended his juvenile campaign with a maiden-breaking victory on November 25 on the same track, being stretched out to a mile and 70 yards.
Returning to action on an overcast New Year's Day, the California-bred Capo Kane broke sharp from the inside post under jockey Dylan Davis and led the compact five-horse field through the opening quarter-mile in 23.53 seconds and the half in 47.83 on the muddy main track with 7-5 favorite Swill in close pursuit.
Jockey Manny Franco urged up Eagle Orb out of the turn, making a bid from the outside. But Davis responded to the pressure by keeping Capo Kane alert, and the Street Sense colt responded with a strong stretch drive surge that saw him move out to the center of the track while drawing away to win the first stakes of the year on the NYRA circuit. He completed the one-turn mile in a final time of 1:38.02.
Capo Kane, off at 6-1, returned $15.80 on a $2 win wager and earned 10 qualifying points towards the Grade 1 Kentucky Derby on May 1 at Churchill Downs. The top-four finishers were awarded 10-4-2-1 points.
"He broke sharp for me and I was able to take the lead very comfortably," Davis said. He responded great all the way to the wire and I was very happy with the way he did it. He galloped out well. It was a very comfortable win and he handled the track real well."
Conditioner Harold Wyner, a former steeplechase jockey who trained his first winner in 2004, earned his first career stakes win in his 1,679th career starter. Capo Kane, who was running without Lasix for the first time, is now tied for fifth on the early points leaderboard for the "Run for the Roses."
"I'd like to thank the owners for giving me the opportunity to train this horse and having faith in me," Wyner said."The goal was to do what Dylan wanted. I said to Dylan if he breaks good to just leave him alone, take a long hold and let him get in his stride and take the race as you find it. He found himself on the lead and Dylan rode a fantastic race.
"Last time he drifted out a little bit at the head of the lane at Parx, but that was because he switched his lead early. He's still a little green," he added.
Wyner said stretching back out to two turns could be the next step, with the Grade 3, $250,000 Withers [10-4-2-1 points] going 1 1/8 miles on February 6 at the Big A remaining a possible target, as well as the Risen Star at Fair Grounds on February 13.
"It should be no problem. In the morning, the further he gallops the stronger he gets. He just loves to run," Wyner said. "He's a racehorse. I'd like to see how he comes back, but I may point him towards the Withers or the maybe the Risen Star."
Wyner said he's excited to train another horse who has potential on the Kentucky Derby trail, building on a recent experience. He picked out Capo Kane, a $26,000 purchase, at the Fasig-Tipton Midlantic 2-Year-Olds in Training Sale. The Manchester, England born conditioner was also the initial conditioner of Ny Traffic, who finished eighth in last year's Kentucky Derby for trainer Saffie Joseph, Jr.
"When I first got the horse I breezed him and he breezed real well," Wyner said about Capo Kane. "I used to have Ny Traffic as a 2-year-old and I won with him and brought him here [fifth in 2019 Notebook at the Big A] and we decided to send him to Florida to Mr. Saffie and thank God we did because COVID hit. I told Mr. Fanelli [co-owner of NY Traffic] then that he was a Derby horse and I think this is a Derby horse, too. I bought Ny Traffic at the sale, and I also bought this one."
E.V. Racing Stable's Eagle Orb, a New York-bred son of Orb, finished 2 ¾ lengths ahead of Hold the Salsa for second. The Rudy Rodriguez trainee has finished first or second in five of his six career starts.
"I had a good trip," Franco said. "I was right there, but I have to give credit to the winner. He's a nice horse."
Swill picked up a lone qualifying point for fourth while Original completed the order of finish.
Live racing resumes Saturday at Aqueduct with a nine-race card highlighted by the $100,000 Gravesend for 4-year-olds and up going 6 1/2 furlongs in Race 8. First post is 12:20 p.m. Eastern.
All News Stakes Advance Stakes Recap Headlines Notes Features
More Stakes Recap
Thankful prevails in $100K Ladies Handicap
Keith McCalmont
Bass Stables' Thankful overtook Miss Marissa late in the lane to capture Sunday's $100,000 Ladies Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Secret Love shows heart to pull upset win in Franklin Square
Brian Bohl
Secret Love handled her first stakes appearance – and first start on an off track – with a strong stretch-drive move, with the field's longest shot outkicking 3-5 favorite Laobanonaprayer by 1 1/2 lengths to capture Saturday's $100,000 Franklin Square for New York-bred 3-year-old fillies at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Pletcher-trained exacta starts sophomore campaign strong in Rego Park
Trainer Todd Pletcher sent out a trio of contenders in Sunday's $100,000 Rego Park for New York-bred 3-year-olds. While Pletcher conditioned the favorite in Uno, his other two entries completed the exacta, with Perfect Munnings besting Storm Shooter by two lengths at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Our Last Buck wins long-awaited stakes debut in Say Florida Sandy
It took J and N Stables' Our Last Buck until the age of 7 to make his stakes debut. The patience paid off, as the veteran son of Courageous Cat rallied in the stretch with a wide move before cruising to a 3 3/4-length victory in Saturday's $100,000 Say Florida Sandy for New York-breds 4-year-olds and up at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Mrs. Orb draws away from heavy favorite Sharp Starr in stretch to win La Verdad
Mrs. Orb's persistence paid off with her first victory in more than a year when she made a move from the outside in the stretch and outkicked 2-5 favorite Sharp Starr to win Sunday's $100,000 La Verdad for New York-bred fillies and mares 4-years-old and up at Aqueduct Racetrack.
Pete's Play Call wins first-out for new connections in Gravesend
Michael Dubb's Pete's Play Call started his 8-year-old campaign the same way he concluded 2020, saving his best for the stretch in registering a victory in Saturday's 62nd running of the $100,000 Gravesend for 4-year-olds and up at Aqueduct Racetrack.
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2013 has been a fun flying year for yours truly. It started out with dual time in the 172. I trained radio navigation and passed the check ride "Controlled Visual Flight". As soon as I had the new license in the mail, I used it to get lost on a short hop in bad weather.
My flying buddy started the season with his rocket ship "Kilo Tango" and I was fortunate enough to go with him a few times. I even ferried the beauty for him.
Speaking of beauties, I met another exciting lady. LISA is one of the airplanes that is operated by "Pilot & Flugzeug" magazine. She is available for rent and I liked her when I got checked out on her. We have not flown together all that much but I am looking forward to more trips in 2014.
My home base of EDAY must like the light sports crowd. That is the only explanation for the tower controllers presence at 4 o'clock in the morning. On the day of the shortest night, VFR pilots in Strausberg go nuts and embrace the sun with a flight into the sunrise. I can hardly wait to repeat this great experience this year!
I saw a few new airports this year. One of them I reached on the ground but got to know by air. I love having visitors. The one in July was an honor but also a bit of a nuisance. Another one seems to be here to stay and is quite exciting!
I love podcasts and there are a lot of them out there. In 2013, I gave feedback and made comments and this blog was featured a few times. In May, Captain Jeff of the Airplane Pilot Guy podcast linked me after I gave feedback and in November I had a question for him. In October, I had a chance to sub for David Vanderhoof as the Airplane Geeks historian on the Airplane Geeks Podcast. I choose to write about the Mooney M20, as I am a bit of a Mooniac.
For 2014, I have great plans already. What would be a new year without a new rating! And my list for new destinations is getting longer almost daily.
I wish you all a great New Year. Have fun, be safe and go out and fly!


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/* A utility function to kill the 'container.find(val) != std::end(container)

   pattern. Use this function to check if a container contains some value.

   For example,

     void Foo(const std::map<int> &x) {
       if (Contains(x, 15)) {
         // Do something that you don't care about the value for.
       }  // if
     }

   Note that, if you do care about the value though. You'll still want to use
   'find' to keep the iterator. Since a sequence of Contains then find will
   perform 2 searches rather than one.

   For example,

     void Foo(const std::map<int> &x) {
       auto iter = x.find(15);
       if (iter != std::end(x)) {
         // Do something with iter->second.
       }  // if
     }

   */

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <type_traits>

namespace Base {

  /**
   *   Detect if find exists.
   **/

  template <typename TContainer, typename TElem>
  std::is_same<
    decltype(std::declval<TContainer>().find(std::declval<TElem>())),
    typename TContainer::iterator>
  HasFindImpl(void *);

  template <typename, typename>
  std::false_type HasFindImpl(...);

  template <typename TContainer, typename TElem>
  static constexpr bool HasFind() {
    return decltype(HasFindImpl<TContainer, TElem>(nullptr))::value;
  }

  /* Use member find if it exists. */
  template <typename TContainer, typename TKey>
  std::enable_if_t<HasFind<TContainer, TKey>(),
  bool> Contains(const TContainer &container, const TKey &key) {
    return container.find(key) != std::end(container);
  }

  /* Use std::find if no member find exists. */
  template <typename TContainer, typename TVal>
  std::enable_if_t<!HasFind<TContainer, TVal>(),
  bool> Contains(const TContainer &container, const TVal &val) {
    return std::find(std::begin(container),
                     std::end(container),
                     val) != std::end(container);
  }

  template <typename TContainer, typename TUnaryPred>
  bool ContainsIf(const TContainer &container, TUnaryPred &&unary_pred) {
    return std::find_if(std::begin(container),
                        std::end(container),
                        std::forward<TUnaryPred>(unary_pred)) != std::end(container);
  }

}  // namespace Base

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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"Tariff engineering" on imports of motor vehicles
Claims of "tariff engineering" on imports of motor vehicles
The U.S. Court of International Trade publicly released a decision concerning the tariff classification of imported motor vehicles.
The trade court granted the car manufacturer's motion for summary judgment, finding that the imports were properly classified under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) as "motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons" and subject to customs duty of 2.5% (instead of the 25% rate of customs duty imposed on "motor vehicles for the transport of goods").
The case is: Ford Motor Co. v. United States, Slip Op. 17-102 (CIT August 9, 2017*). Read the trade court's decision [PDF 695 KB]
* The case was decided on August 9, 2017, but the decision was not publicly released until August 16, 2017.
The car company manufactured vehicles in Turkey and imported them into the United States. The vehicles were made to order and were ordered as cargo vans (subject to customs duty at a rate of 25%). The company manufactured and imported the vehicles with a second row seat, declaring them as passenger vehicles (subject to customs duty at a rate of 2.5%).
After clearing customs but before leaving the port, the car company (using a subcontractor) removed the second row seat and made other changes, and delivered the vehicles as cargo vans.
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) determined that the inclusion of the second row seat was an improper artifice or disguise that was masking the true nature of the vehicles at importation and that such vehicles were properly classified under subheading 8704.31.00 and subject to a 25% customs duty. The car company countered that this was "legitimate tariff engineering."
The trade court found that the subject imports were properly classified under subheading 8703.23.00, HTSUS, as motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, and thus granted the car company's motion for summary judgment.
For more information, contact a professional with KPMG's Trade & Customs practice:
Douglas Zuvich | +1 (312) 665-1022 | dzuvich@kpmg.com
Andrew Siciliano | +1 (631) 425-6057 | asiciliano@kpmg.com
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Smith Anderson Advises Chiesi in Agreement to Acquire Three Cardiovascular Hospital Products for up to $792 Million
Smith Anderson clients Chiesi USA, Inc. and Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Chiesi USA's parent company, recently announced that the companies have agreed to acquire the worldwide rights of The Medicines Company to three cardiovascular products for up to $792 million, consisting of $260 million in cash payable at closing, up to $480 million in sales-based milestone payments, the assumption by Chiesi of up to $50 million in milestone payment obligations and approximately $2 million for product inventory.
The three products, Kengreal® (cangrelor), Cleviprex® (clevidipine) and Argatroban for Injection, 50 mg per 50 mL, are for use in the hospital setting and are approved for sale in the U.S.
Ken McBean, President and Chief Executive Officer of Chiesi USA, said, "The acquisition of all three products is a strategic fit for us, as we expand our product portfolio to become a recognized leader in the hospital and adjacent specialties. We are committed to delivering products that meet the needs of providers and enhance care for patients in those settings."
The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2016 and is subject to customary closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act.
The Smith Anderson team is being led by Heyward Armstrong, Jason Brege and Justin Truesdale.
To view the press release, please click here.
Chiesi Farmaceutici
Headquartered in Parma, Italy, Chiesi Farmaceutici is an international research-focused Healthcare group, with over 80 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Chiesi researches, develops and markets innovative drugs in the respiratory therapeutics, specialist medicine and rare diseases areas. Its R&D centers in Parma (Italy), Paris (France), Cary (USA), Chippenham (UK) and the R&D team of the acquired Danish company Zymenex, integrate their efforts to advance Chiesi's pre-clinical, clinical and registration programs. Chiesi employs over 4,500 people, 560 of whom are solely dedicated to Research and Development activities. For more information, visit www.chiesi.com.
Chiesi USA, Inc.
Chiesi USA, Inc., headquartered in Cary, N.C., is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on commercializing products for the hospital and adjacent specialty markets. Key elements of the Company's strategy are to focus its commercial and development efforts in the hospital and adjacent specialty product sector within the U.S. pharmaceutical marketplace; continue to seek opportunities to acquire companies, marketed or registration-stage products and late-stage development products that fit within the Company's focus areas; and generate revenues by marketing approved generic products through the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Aristos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Chiesi USA, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. For more information, visit www.chiesiusa.com.
Jason Brege
David Clement
John Therien
Justin Truesdale


Party Bus is a double decker bus with a mission to party. Our state of the art sound system playing music from a selection of thousands of the best loved to the hottest new releases to appeal and cater to all ages. The tours that include a meal normally start at 6pm and tour without a meal begin at 7pm. We arrive at the last venue at around 12.30am. Here you are free to stay as long as you want and make your own way home. You will visit at least 3 other bars throughout your tour and VIP entry is included for all. You can drink on board but only in plastic bottles. This activity is experienced with other like-minded Stags and Hens. Private tours are available upon request.


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Fotbal Club Municipal (FCM) Bacău – rumuński klub piłkarski, grający obecnie w drugiej lidze, mający siedzbię w mieście Bacău, leżącym we wschodniej części kraju.

Historia
Klub został założony w 1950 roku jako Dinamo Bacău. W 1956 roku klub po raz pierwszy w swojej historii awansował do pierwszej ligi rumuńskiej, jednak już po jednym sezonie gry w niej spadł do drugiej ligi. W 1958 roku ponownie grał w pierwszej lidze po tym, jak z rozgrywek wycofało się Dinamo Cluj (później zwane Unirea Tricolor Bukareszt). Kolejnego spadku do drugiej ligi Dinamo Bacău doświadczyło w 1963 roku. W 1967 roku Dinamo ponownie awansowało do pierwszej ligi i zajęło w niej 5. miejsce. Zakwalifikowało się tym samym do rozgrywek Pucharu Miast Targowych. Zespół wygrywał kolejne rundy z takimi drużynami, jak Floriana FC, Skeid Fotball i Kilmarnock F.C. i odpadł dopiero w ćwierćfinale po dwumeczu z Arsenalem Londyn.

W 1970 roku zmieniono nazwę klubu na SC Bacău. W 1973 roku zespół zajął 4. miejsce w lidze, najwyższe w swojej historii, jednak już w następnym sezonie został zdegradowany do drugiej ligi i przez kolejne lata balansował pomiędzy pierwszą a drugą ligą.

W 1990 roku po zakończeniu ery komunizmu w Rumunii zmieniono nazwę klubu na FC Bacău. W 1991 roku FC Bacău dotarł do finału Pucharu Rumunii, w którym przegrał 1:2 z Universitateą Craiova. Universitatea została także mistrzem kraju, dzięki czemu Bacău wystąpił w rozgrywkach Pucharu Zdobywców Pucharów, jednak w 1. rundzie uległ Werderowi Brema.

W 1992 roku ponownie przemianowano klub, tym razem na FC Selena Bacău. W 1993 roku Selena spadła do drugiej ligi, a w 1995 roku jej nazwę zmieniono na AS Bacău. W 1997 roku miała miejsce kolejna zmiana nazwy – na obecną FCM Bacău. W 2001 roku Bacău spadł z pierwszej ligi, jednak ostatecznie wystąpił w niej w kolejnym sezonie na skutek wycofania się FC Baia Mare. Od 2006 roku FCM Bacău grał w drugiej lidze Rumunii. Spadł z niej w sezonie 2009/2010. W sezonie 2010/2011 wrócił do drugiej ligi, ale w sezonie 2012/2013 wycofał się z rozgrywek. Z kolei przed sezonem 2013/2014 klub wycofał się z rozgrywek trzeciej ligi i został rozwiązany.

Sukcesy
 Puchar Rumunii:
 finał (1): 1991
 Puchar Ligi Rumuńskiej:
 zwycięstwo (1): 1998
 Liga I:
 4. miejsce (1): 1972/1973
 Liga II:
 mistrzostwo (4): 1955, 1967, 1975, 1995
 wicemistrzostwo (3): 1954, 1958, 1965

Europejskie puchary

Reprezentanci kraju grający w klubie
  Eugen Baciu
  Valentin Bădoi
  Mugur Bolohan
  Andrei Cristea
  Emeric Dembrovschi
  Dudu Georgescu
  Dorin Goian
  Iulian Miu
  Lică Movilă
  Vlad Munteanu
  Costel Pană
  Florin Prunea
  Narcis Raducan
  Răzvan Raț
  Vasile Soiman
  Sorin Trofin
  Florent Raimy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona klubu

Bacău
Rumuńskie kluby piłkarskie
Kluby piłkarskie założone w 1950
Kluby piłkarskie rozwiązane w 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
But what if we, the electorate, act differently?
Published: January 23, 20118:13 pm Updated: April 5, 20171:03 pm
Talk delivered by Brendan Doris at the Dublin Launch of An Chomhdháil Phobail | The People's Convention on January 18th
This is a very special gathering that has come together in the capital today.
For a couple of weeks now meetings have been taking place around the country. We have held two in Cork city and a further one in Cobh. In the next fortnight there will be three more in Kinsale, Bantry and Clonakilty. This Friday (21st Jan) we will hold a launch meeting in Wexford, in White's Hotel.
We want to explain the basic idea of The People's Convention.
Who initiated The Peoples Convention?
Let me introduce myself. I am Brendan Doris a 59 year old architect, living in Lucan, County Dublin. I am coordinator of The People's Convention. Diarmaid Ó Cadhla – from Cork – is national Spokesperson – and runs a small business software company.
We are for the most part professional and business people. Some of us have a common history in the student and democratic movement of the late 70's, early 80's. When the present crisis unfolded – the fourth in my working life but by far the worst – we started discussing what could be done to address the situation and the fear and worry that was threatening to engulf so many people. Since its initiation people from all walks of life have been joining this movement for democracy.
How should we respond to the crisis?
At the end of last year, before the IMF/EU bank bailout but with the promise of another savage budget in the offing we looked at all the proposals that were being mooted:
Street protests and other forms of action;
Setting up lobbying groups;
Forming alliances of existing groups and parties opposed to the cuts;
Setting up citizens or academic groups to proposed reforms of the system;
Reforming the current political parties;
Or Setting up a new party that would defend the interests of the people.
It was the last one that we looked at in particular. And we came to the conclusion that the situation did not require a new party as such. Well, not a new representative party.
This period of economic crisis has given rise to a political crisis. There is deep distrust of the Dáil political parties, especially of any which have ever formed a government in this country. In fact, the distrust runs much deeper.
Citizens feel that they are disenfranchised
The citizens feel that they are disenfranchised, that they have no say in how the State is run. Decisions are made in our name, supposedly 'in the interests of the country' for which we have never given a mandate. In short, there is a crisis of democracy – the lack of any in affairs of state!
The parliamentary system in Ireland is supposed to be a representative democracy, but it is neither representative nor democratic. The Dáil is today nothing more than a cabal of parties representing not the people but vested interest, who only differ in the detail of their devastating government programmes. They ensure that their own members fall into line through the system of party whips which on occasion means that they sometimes vote against their own conscience.
In the process these parties, and the 'insiders' they act for, have been enriching themselves at our expense. They have created nearly 1000 quangos if Shane Ross and Nick Webbs book The Wasters, is correct in which they have given allowances and directorships to the principles of the banking, regulatory, legal, real estate, trade unions and civil service sectors. In the process they have managed to consume millions in foreign travel of the most ostentatious character.
To add insult to injury they have set up tribunals of inquiry which for the most part have done little more than consume further tens of millions of the people's taxes with only token prosecutions.
What type of reform do we need?
It is no surprise that very many people are raising the issue of reform. Even the charlatans who have brought the country to its knees through their clienteleism and corruption, are casting about looking to embrace the new mantra of 'reform'. The Labour Party are proposing a list of 140 reforms no less.
This coming general election is turning out to be some sort of reform auction.
There are, of course, some well meaning people who see the problem of the total lack of democracy and are concerned at the palpable powerlessness of the citizen to direct the affairs of state. There are proposals for citizen's forums, constitutional conventions, political reform conferences and many others. Individuals and groups and alliances are coming forward to stand in the election to offer themselves as reform candidates.
But, unless the essential issue of empowering the people before, during and after the election is addressed all these reforms taken together or separately will not be any value. That is not to say that there is no worth in doing state business or conducting our affairs differently on any particular question.
In the general elections in the past we have for the most part simply voted. We voted for parties who promised us that they would look after us. To prove how they could look after us we had 'stroke' politics. The local TD was able to 'sort' out pension or housing or health card or some other entitlement which had run into some bureaucratic cul-de-sac. This system worked whether or not a particular TD was in government or in opposition. And of course, you had 'fixes' for which there was no entitlement.
So until now we have been for the most part passive. But what if we, the electorate, act differently? What if we do not wait for someone to save us, to create a new and wonderful party of political representatives that will not become corrupted?
The Irish constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann, does not speak of political party representatives. It does not speak of political parties forming governments. It speaks of delegates to the Dáil, delegates from the constituencies, from the people in other words. So, without any reform – for now at least – why do we not act in accordance with the constitution and elect delegates to Dáil Éireann, whom we have selected from honest people in our constituency who are prepared to serve for a period as a Teachta Dála – a delegate to the Dáil?
Why do we not put an end to the absurdity of electing groups of self serving careerists? How often have we been berated by the current crop of politicians about how hard their life is, the long hours and how difficult the career of a professional politician is? Being a people's delegate to Dáil Éireann is neither a career nor a profession.
Yes, we are in a serious economic and political crisis. There are many other issues in the fields of child protection, education, health and welfare which urgently need to be addressed. But first and foremost we have to make the fundamental change in favour of the people and only we, the electorate can do that.
The main reform is that we ourselves should act differently.
If the people organise constituency by constituency on the basis of Selecting – Electing – Mandating and if necessary Recalling their delegates to Dáil Éireann then we will have made the one change, the one transformation, the only real reform that is called for now. The main reform is that we ourselves should act differently. If we do, then we can bring about all the reforms that are needed by taking control of State affairs from first to last. Without empowering the citizens of this country there will be no fundamental change.
We can and must empower ourselves! The People's Convention is just such an initiative to bring this about. It is an organisation of all citizens over 16 years of age in each constituency through which voters can exercise their prerogative not just to select candidates but to organise to get them elected, to mandate the TDs during the life of the Dáil and if necessary to recall them should it be necessary.
We must put an end to the reform Dutch auction, to the 'smoke and mirrors', to the confusing babble that is threatening to smother any attempt at clear thinking about what we the electorate must do in this General Election.
We have set about the building of a democratic movement which the people themselves control and through which they empower themselves. It is true that it will be party for the purpose of the electoral law on registration of party names so that CPPC – The People's Convention can appear on every ballot paper in every constituency in which we can organise. But in all other respects we are not a party of the type that has existed until now.
The People's Convention does not require anyone to register to fully participate in the movement. The National Convention fulfils certain requirements of a legal nature but it has no right to decide who shall or shall not be a candidate of Peoples Convention in a constituency; it has no right to decide the office holders or committee members in a constituency; and it does not have any right to decide on what policy the voters of any constituency will support on any question.
The Peoples Convention is about enabling real democratic control by the people from first to last.
I want to finish now so that discussion can take place. But let us explain what we are working for going forward from tonight. We will now set up start-up meetings in any Dublin constituency in which we have so far aroused interest. These then will be assisted to organise more meetings in each area of the constituency to invite good people to come forward to serve as people's delegates. Out of these meetings a final selection meeting will be held to select the constituency candidates.
CPPC candidates will contract to seek a mandate on the principles contained in all legislation and budgetary provisions from their constituents and to accept a vote of recall if passed at a referendum of the constituency.
Our policy is for the people to empower themselves by Selecting-Electing-Mandating-and Recalling if necessary their own Dáil delegates.


Through integrating Western and Eastern psychologies, I hope to work side by side with you to help you find out how to best connect with your inherent potential. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed with life, suffocated by anxiety, making decisions based on fear or just looking to dive deeper into self discovery, I am here to work with you to feel whole and connect with your internal intuition. Utilizing Shamanic energy healing, meditation, psychotherapy, rituals and ceremonies, we will work together to co-create a unique transformational experience that provides you with daily practices and tools that you can harness to bring balance and connectivity in all aspects of your life.
Join me for a personalized intensive retreat where we we focus on your healing, empowerment and transformation. Each retreat is co-created together as we develop what is best for your internal transformation. Through Shamanic healings, rituals, ceremonies and dialogue we work through old patterns and begin to write a new story for your life.
My hope is to help you find your own practice that brings you into energetic alignment with your highest potential self.
Through discussion, we identify the key aspects you desire to focus on in your life, and from there, together, we create a personalized daily practice.
Ceremonies and rituals engage our souls, bringing us into deeper contact with our divine spirits. Creating sacred spaces for us to come into 'right relationship' with the universe can bring healing and alignment with our hearts' desires. These sacred spaces invite us to consciously step out of our daily patterns, to take time to anchor our hearts gratitude, to learn from our internal wisdom and to dream our worlds into being.
"Working with Collective Lotus over the past few years has allowed me to open my mind body and soul in ways I did not know were accessible previously. I now have the tools to look into myself and my relationships with greater appreciation for whatever the situation may be. "
"I felt more spiritual growth from this retreat than I have felt in years. Emma's many years of training and practice show in her facilitation of many different mediation techniques and deep understanding of shamanic ceremonies. Her ability to create a space where everyone feels connected and free to get in touch with their deeper selves is incredible. It was such a honor to be apart of this weekend with such an amazing group of women."
"I am so incredibly grateful that I met you.
You awaken my soul in such a way that I will never be able to explain with words, even though writing it's my mission.
Thank you for making me realize that my sensitivity doesn't have to be a burden, in fact, it is totally the opposite."


text:
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The formation of the first galaxies in the observed universe is a key question in modern astrophysics and one of the most important science goals of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The Near Infrared Camera instrument \citep[NIRCam;][]{Rieke_2005} of JWST observes the universe in the $\approx 0.6-5 \, \mu m$ regime. This allows the detection of objects at redshifts $z \ga 12$, thus, revealing the evolutionary stage of galaxies in the early Universe just $\approx 400$~Myr after the Big Bang.
The most distant confirmed galaxy is GN-z11 with a stellar mass of $M_{*} \approx 10^{9}\,M_{\odot}$ at a spectroscopic redshift of $z_{\mathrm{spec}} = 11.09^{+0.08}_{-0.12}$ detected with the Hubble Space Telescope \citep[][]{Oesch_2016}. Recently, \citet{Naidu_2022} reported the discovery of two luminous galaxy candidates labeled as GLASS-z11 (hereafter GL-z11) and GLASS-z13 (GL-z13) with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.4_{-0.3}^{+0.3}$ and $9.0_{-0.4}^{+0.3}$ located at photometric redshifts of $z_{\mathrm{phot}}=10.9_{-0.4}^{+0.5}$ and $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 13.1_{-0.7}^{+0.8}$, respectively (see their table~3). In a subsequent publication, \citet{Naidu_2022b_dust} presented the galaxy candidate CEERS-1749 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.6_{-0.2}^{+0.2}$ most likely located at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 16.0_{-0.6}^{+0.6}$ but a secondary redshift solution of $z \approx 5$ cannot be excluded (see their figure~1 and table~3).

Further luminous high-redshift galaxy candidates have been discovered by JWST \citep[e.g.,][]{Adams_2022,Atek_2022,Furtak_2022,Harikane_2022,Jan_2022_JWST,Labbe_2022}. For example, \citet{Adams_2022} studied the properties of candidates over a redshift range of $9 < z_{\mathrm{phot}} < 12$ and the source with ID~1514 has $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = {9.8}_{-0.2}^{+0.2}$ at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.85_{-0.12}^{+0.18}$ (see their tables~3 and 5). \citet{Labbe_2022} identified candidates with $M_{*} > 10^{10} \, M_{\odot}$ over $7 < z_{\mathrm{phot}} < 11$ from which the two most massive are ID~14924 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 10.93$ at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.92$ and ID~38094 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 11.16$ at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 7.56$ (see their figure~3). The spectroscopical confirmation of these objects is still outstanding because the high photometric redshifts of these galaxy candidates can, e.g., artificially emerge due to dust attenuation \citep{Naidu_2022,Naidu_2022b_dust, Zavala_2022}.

In this contribution, we aim to investigate if ID~1514, ID~14924, GL-z11, GL-z13, and CEERS-1749 are consistent with the hierarchical buildup of stellar mass as predicted by the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm \citep{Efstathiou_1990,Ostriker_1995} using the Illustris The Next Generation \citep[TNG;][]{Pillepich_2018_TNG,Nelson_2019,Pillepich_2019} and Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments \citep[EAGLE;][]{Crain_2015,Schaye_2015,McAlpine_2016} projects.

\section{Method} \label{sec:Method}
The IllustrisTNG \citep[][]{Pillepich_2018_TNG,Pillepich_2018,Pillepich_2019,Nelson_2018,Nelson_2019,Nelson_2019_TNG50,Springel_2018,Naiman_2018,Marinacci_2018} and EAGLE \citep[][]{Crain_2015,Schaye_2015,McAlpine_2016} projects consist of a suite of hydrodynamical cosmological simulation runs conducted in the $\Lambda$CDM framework.

The IllustrisTNG project assumes a Planck-2015 \citep{Planck_2016_IllustrisTNG} cosmology with the cosmological parameters being $H_{0} = 67.74\,\rm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{b,0}} = 0.0486$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0} = 0.3089$, $\Omega_{{\Lambda},0} = 0.6911$, $\sigma_{8} = 0.8159$, and $n_{\mathrm{s}} = 0.9667$. The simulation runs are based on the moving-mesh code AREPO \citep{Springel_2010} and self-consistently evolve the gas cells, stellar, black hole, and dark matter particles from redshift $z = 127$ up to present time. The Subfind Subhalos\footnote{\url{https://www.tng-project.org/data/docs/specifications/\#sec2b} [23.07.2022]} and Group\footnote{\url{https://www.tng-project.org/data/docs/specifications/\#sec2a} [12.09.2022]} catalogs are available for 100 different time steps (snapshots) in the redshift range of $0 \leq z \leq 20.05$. Here, we analyze the snapshot at redshift $z = 14.99$ (corresponding to an age of the universe of $t=0.271$~Gyr and a snapshot number of snapnum = 1), at $z = 11.98$ ($t=0.370$~Gyr, snapnum = 2), at $z = 10.98$ ($t = 0.418$~Gyr, snapnum = 3), and at $z = 10.00$ ($t = 0.475$~Gyr, snapnum = 4) of the high-resolution realization TNG50-1 and TNG100-1. The former has a box side of $35 \, h^{-1} = 51.7$ comoving Mpc (cMpc), respectively, where $h$ is the present Hubble constant $H_{0}$ in units of $100 \, \rm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, a baryonic element mass of $m_{\mathrm{b}} = 8.5 \times 10^{4} \, M_{\odot}$ and a dark matter particle mass of $m_{\mathrm{dm}} = 4.5 \times 10^{5} \, M_{\odot}$. TNG100-1 has, with $75 \, h^{-1} = 110.7$ cMpc, a larger box size and with $m_{\mathrm{b}} = 1.4 \times 10^{6} \, M_{\odot}$ and $m_{\mathrm{dm}} = 7.5 \times 10^{6} \, M_{\odot}$ a lower resolution than TNG50-1 \citep[see, e.g., also table 1 of][]{Nelson_2019}.

The EAGLE project is consistent with the Planck-2013 \citep{Planck_2014_EAGLE} cosmology being $H_{0} = 67.77\,\rm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{b},0} = 0.04825$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0} = 0.307$, $\Omega_{\Lambda,0} = 0.693$, $\sigma_{8} = 0.8288$, and $n_{\mathrm{s}} = 0.9611$ \citep[see also table~1 of][]{Schaye_2015}. Its simulations run with a modification of the GADGET-3 smoothed particle hydrodynamics code \citep[e.g.,][]{Springel_2005} starting also at $z = 127$ and self-consistently evolving the baryonic and dark matter particles up to the present day. The publicly available subhalo catalogs \citep[table~B.1 of][]{McAlpine_2016} are recorded for 29 snapshots in the redshift range of $0 \leq z \leq 20.00$ \citep[see table C.1 of][]{McAlpine_2016}.

We use the two high-resolution realization runs RefL0025N0752 and RecalL0025N0752, and the two lower resolution runs RefL0050N0752 and RefL0100N1504 at $z = 15.13$ (snapnum = 1) and $z = 9.99$ (snapnum = 2). The two high-resolution runs have a box size of $25\,\rm{cMpc}$ with an initial baryonic particle mass of $m_{\mathrm{b}} = 2.26 \times 10^{5} \, M_{\odot}$, and a dark matter particle mass of $m_{\mathrm{dm}} =1.21 \times 10^{6} \, M_{\odot}$.
RefL0050N0752 and RefL0100N1504 have a size of $50$ cMpc and $100$ cMpc, respectively, and both have an initial baryonic particle mass of $m_{\mathrm{b}} = 1.81 \times 10^{6} M_{\odot}$ and a dark matter particle mass of $m_{\mathrm{dm}} = 9.70 \times 10^{6} M_{\odot}$ \citep[table~2 of][]{Schaye_2015}.
\newpage
\section{Results} \label{sec:Results}
The galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) at redshifts $z = 14.99, 11.98$, $10.98$, and $10.00$ in the TNG runs and at $z = 15.13$ and $9.99$ in the EAGLE runs are presented in Figure~\ref{figure_stellar_mass_distribution_LCDM}.
The global peak of the distribution depends on the resolution and/or box size of the simulation runs such that the formation of low massive galaxies depends on the particle resolution but also because small simulation boxes lack large-scale density fluctuations. As a consequence, not-large-enough simulation boxes would not allow the formation of large galaxy clusters, therefore hampering the growth of central (but also noncentral) galaxies. Thus, we mainly focus on the larger simulation boxes TNG100-1 and RefL0100N1504.

In the following, we compare the stellar mass buildup as predicted by the $\Lambda$CDM simulations with the masses of the observed high-redshift galaxy candidates ID~1514 \citep{Adams_2022}, ID~14924 \citep{Labbe_2022}\footnote{We only show ID~1514 and not the more massive candidate ID~14924 in the bottom right panel of Figure~\ref{figure_stellar_mass_distribution_LCDM} in order to be more conservative.}, GL-z11, GL-z13 \citep{Naidu_2022}, and CEERS-1749 \citep{Naidu_2022b_dust}. For the TNG runs, ID~1514 located at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.85_{-0.12}^{+0.18}$ and ID~14924 at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.92$ are compared with simulated galaxies at $z=10.00$. GL-z11 at $10.9_{-0.4}^{+0.5}$, GL-z13 at $13.1_{-0.7}^{+0.8}$, and CEERS-1749 at $16.0_{-0.6}^{+0.6}$ are compared with the simulations at $z = 10.98$, $11.98$, and $14.99$, respectively. The comparison with GL-z13 and CEERS-1749 is therewith more conservative because snapshots corresponding to lower redshifts than observed are addressed allowing the galaxies to grow in stars for a longer time span than in the observed cases.

In TNG100-1, the GSMF at $z = 14.99$ reaches a maximum value of $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 7.32$ being therewith $\approx 191$ times lower than the stellar mass of CEERS-1749 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.6_{-0.2}^{+0.2}$. At $z = 11.98$ and $z=10.98$, the maximum stellar masses of subhalos are $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 8.07$ and $8.43$, respectively, which is less massive than GL-z13 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.0_{-0.4}^{+0.3}$ and GL-z11 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.4_{-0.3}^{+0.3}$. The maximum value of $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 8.73$ at $z = 10.00$ is significantly lower than the stellar mass of ID~1514, which has $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.8_{-0.2}^{+0.2}$. The discrepancy becomes even more significant for ID~14924, which has $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 10.93$ at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.92$.

The above stellar masses refer to all stellar particles bound to the considered subhalo depending therewith on the subhalo-finding algorithm. The identification of subhalos can be disturbed, e.g. by merger events, which frequently occur especially at high redshifts. Therefore, we also assess the maximum stellar masses of halos, which accounts for both the fact that the subhalo finder can split a galaxy in clumps underestimating the total mass of the galaxy, and for the inclusion of observationally unresolved satellite galaxies. The maximum stellar masses of halos are $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 7.32$ ($7.05$), $8.10$ ($7.88$), $8.43$ ($8.24$), and $8.78$ ($8.59$) at $z = 14.99$, $11.98$, $10.98$, and $10.00$, in the TNG100-1 (TNG50-1) run, respectively. Thus, using the most massive halo instead of the most massive subhalo in terms of its stellar mass does not significantly effect the results of the TNG runs.

In the EAGLE runs, ID~1514/ID~14924 and CEERS-1749 are compared with the GSMF at $z = 9.99$ and $15.13$, respectively. Unfortunately, the EAGLE database does not list snapshots that match the observed redshifts of GL-z11 and GLz-13. Thus, the EAGLE analysis only focuses on ID~1514, ID~14924, and CEERS-1749.

The RefL0050N0752 and RefL0100N1504 snapshots contain galaxies reaching up to  $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) \approx 7.70$ at $z=15.13$ and $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) \approx 9.06$ at $z=9.99$, which is $\approx 79$ and $\approx 5.5$ times lower than the observed stellar mass of CEERS-1749 and ID~1514, respectively. The stellar mass of ID~14924 is 74 times higher than the most massive simulated galaxy at $z = 9.99$.

\begin{figure*}
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{GSMF_LCDM_JWST.pdf}
    \caption{The GSMF at redshifts $z \approx 15$ (top left), $12$ (top right), $11$ (bottom left), $10$ (bottom right) in the TNG50-1 (solid red), TNG100-1 (dashed green), and RefL0100N1504 (dotted blue) simulation. The colored vertical solid line marks the most massive subhalo in terms of the stellar mass in the simulations. The vertical black solid lines refer to the reported galaxy candidates CEERS-1749 (top left), GL-z13 (top right), GL-z11 (bottom left), and ID~1514 (bottom right), where the black dashed lines correspond to the measurement uncertainties. The vertical dashed-dotted lines mark the lowest possible value as inferred for different SFHs in Section~\ref{subsec:minimum stellar mass for SFHs}. The histograms are normalized by their bin width of $\Delta \log_{10}( M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 0.2$ and volume of the simulation box.}
    \label{figure_stellar_mass_distribution_LCDM}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Mstellar_redshift_simulation_observation.pdf}
    \caption{The most massive subhalo in terms of the stellar mass in dependence of redshift in the TNG50-1 (red), TNG100-1 (green), and EAGLE (blue) runs. The black error bars are the observed galaxy candidates by JWST as listed in Table~\ref{tab:comparison_simulation_observation}. The gray errobar shows GN-z11 \citep{Oesch_2016}.}
    \label{figure_Mstellar_redshift_simulation}
\end{figure}

The evolution of the stellar mass growth is summarized in Figure~\ref{figure_Mstellar_redshift_simulation} and Table~\ref{tab:comparison_simulation_observation} by showing the maximum stellar mass of a subhalo in dependence of redshift for different simulation runs. The observed high-redshift galaxy candidates are, by more than one order of magnitude, more massive than the most massive simulated galaxies in the $\Lambda$CDM framework.

The inferred stellar mass of observed galaxies is sensitive to the adopted star formation history (SFH) and initial mass function (IMF). In the following sections, we first investigate if the tension reported here of the stellar mass buildup in the early universe can be resolved if different SFHs of the observed galaxy candidates are assumed. Secondly, the effect of a varying IMF on the observed stellar masses is discussed.

\begin{deluxetable}{ccCrlc}[b!]
\tablecaption{Comparison of several observed galaxy candidates with $\Lambda$CDM simulations. \label{tab:comparison_simulation_observation}}
\tablecolumns{3}
\tablewidth{0pt}
\tablehead{
\colhead{ } &
\colhead{Redshift ($z$)} &
\colhead{$\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot})$} }
\startdata
CEERS-1749 & $16.0^{+0.6}_{-0.6}$ & $9.6^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ \quad ($8.53$)\tablenotemark{a} \\
GL-z13 & $13.1^{+0.8}_{-0.7}$ & $9.0^{+0.3}_{-0.4}$ \quad ($8.01$)\tablenotemark{a} \\
GL-z11 & $10.9^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$ & $9.4^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ \quad ($8.13$)\tablenotemark{a}\\
ID~1514 & $9.85^{+0.18}_{-0.12}$ & ${9.8}^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ \quad ($8.53$)\tablenotemark{a}\\
 \hline
TNG50-1 & 14.99 & 6.87 \\
TNG50-1 & 11.98 & 7.64 \\
TNG50-1 & 10.98 & 7.97 \\
TNG50-1 & 10.00 & 8.33 \\
TNG100-1 & 14.99 & 7.32 \\
TNG100-1 & 11.98 & 8.07 \\
TNG100-1 & 10.98 & 8.43 \\
TNG100-1 & 10.00 & 8.73 \\
RefL0025N0752 & 15.13 & 7.05 \\
RefL0025N0752 & 9.99 & 7.59 \\
RecalL0025N0752 & 15.13 & 6.91 \\
RecalL0025N0752 & 9.99 & 7.78 \\
RefL0050N0752 & 15.13 & 7.58 \\
RefL0050N0752 & 9.99 & 8.76 \\
RefL0100N1504 & 15.13 & 7.70 \\
RefL0100N1504 & 9.99 & 9.06 \\
\enddata
\tablenotetext{a}{Lowest possible stellar mass value for an invariant canonical IMF as quantified in Section~\ref{subsec:minimum stellar mass for SFHs}}
\tablecomments{The first four rows show the photometric redshifts and stellar masses of the observed galaxy {red}{candidates} ID~1514 \citep[see table~3 and 5 of][]{Adams_2022}, GL-z11, GL-z13 \citep[see table~3 of][]{Naidu_2022}, and CEERS-1749 \citep[see table~3 of][]{Naidu_2022b_dust}. The other rows list the maximum stellar mass of a subhalo at a given redshift for the TNG and EAGLE runs. }
\end{deluxetable}

\subsection{
The minimum inferred galaxy masses for different star formation histories}
\label{subsec:minimum stellar mass for SFHs}

In order to calculate the minimum possible mass that the observed high-redshift galaxy candidates CEERS-1749, GL-z11, GL-z13, and ID~1514 can have for an invariant IMF, different sets of models of galaxies with different SFHs are constructed.
Using stellar population synthesis models, we let the age of the modeled galaxies vary in the range of $\left[\approx 4, 400 \, \rm{Myr} \right ]$ to investigate their UV-band ($1500\,\rm{\AA}$) stellar mass (including remnants)-to-light ratio, $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}$, for an invariant canonical IMF \citep[][]{Kroupa_2001,Kroupa_2013}. The lower limit is set by the implemented stellar evolution tracks of the Padova group \citep[][see also \citealt{Zonoozi_2019}]{Marigo_2007, Marigo_2008} and is roughly comparable to the mean stellar age ($\approx 1-20$~Myr) of observed high-redshift galaxies ($5 \la z_{\mathrm{spec}} \la 8$) as found by \citet{Carnall_2022_age}.

Since the spectral energy distribution fitting analysis of high-redshift star-forming galaxies shows more consistency with increasing SFHs, here we adopt the delayed-$\tau$ model \citep[e.g.,][]{Kroupa_2020}
\begin{equation}
\psi_{\mathrm{del}}(t)=\psi_{0} t \exp(-t/\tau) \, ,
\label{eq:delayed_tau_SFH}
\end{equation}
and an exponentially increasing SFH
\begin{equation}
\psi_{\mathrm{exp}}(t)=\psi_{0} \exp(t/\tau) \, ,
\label{eq:exponential_SFH}
\end{equation}
where $\psi(t)$ is the star formation rate (SFR), $t$ is the age since star formation started, $\psi_{0}$ is the normalization parameter, and $\tau$ is the e-folding time scale. The mass and light of a galaxy are calculated by an integral over the SFR. Note that, using the invariant IMF, at a given $t$, the mass-to-light ratio is independent of the total mass that is converted into stars. This is because of cancellation of the normalization parameter, $\psi_{0}$.

The effect of the SFHs on the $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}$ ratio of galaxies by adopting different values of $\tau$ is shown in the left panels of Figure~\ref{Mass-time}.
We set that galaxies start forming stars 200~Myr after the Big Bang, with an averaged metallicity of [Fe/H] = $-2$, and we assume that the mass loss from galaxies is only through stellar evolution in the form of ejected gas. Since the stellar loss due to dynamical evolution is significant only for systems with initial stellar mass less than $M_{*}=10^6 M_{\odot}$, no stars are lost by the dynamical evolution of galaxies. As can be seen, the minimum mass-to-light ratio that can be considered for these galaxies assuming different SFHs is $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}\approx3.2 \times 10^{-8}\,M_{\odot}/L_{\odot}$.

According to the estimated UV absolute magnitude of these objects, $M_{\mathrm{UV,CEERS-1749}} = -22.0$, $M_{\mathrm{UV,GL-z13}}=-20.7$, $M_{\mathrm{UV,GL-z11}}=-21.0$, and $M_{\mathrm{UV,ID 1514}}=-22.0\,\rm{mag}$, we obtain the lowest possible stellar masses of $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot})=8.53, 8.01, 8.13$, and $8.53$ for CEERS-1749, GL-z13, GL-z11, and ID~1514 in the case of an exponential SFH, respectively, as visualized in the right panels of Figure~\ref{Mass-time}.

These lower stellar mass limits just resolve the discrepancy for GL-z11, GL-z13, and ID 1514 (see the vertical dashed-dotted lines in Figure~\ref{figure_stellar_mass_distribution_LCDM}). In the case of CEERS-1749, the maximum stellar mass obtained in the $\Lambda$CDM simulation is $\approx6.8$ lower than its inferred lower limit.

\subsection{Galaxy masses for a varying IMF}
\label{subsec:stellar mass for IGIMF}
In the previous section we applied an invariant IMF but recent observations \citep[e.g.,][]{Schneider_2018,Zhang_2018,Senchyna_2021} suggest that the mass distribution of a stellar population may depend on its local star forming environment. Especially metal-poor Population III stars are expected to follow a top-heavy IMF.

A theoretical framework to describe the stellar population of an entire galaxy is the integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF) theory, which adds up all the IMFs of starforming regions (embedded clusters) within a galaxy \citep[][]{Kroupa_2003,Weidner_2006}. The resulting galaxy-wide IMF (gwIMF) systematically varies with the global SFR and averaged metallicity of the galaxy, i.e. the gwIMF becomes top-heavy for galaxies with $SFR \ga 1 \, M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}$ and metallicities [Fe/H] $< 0$ \citep[see figure~2 of][]{Jerabkova_2018_IGIMF} compared to the canonical IMF.

In order to study the effect of a varying IMF on the high-redshift galaxy candidates, we calculate the stellar population of galaxies assuming the latest IGIMF formalism by \citet{Yan_2021} and using an IGIMF Fortran code developed by Akram Hasani Zonoozi. For simplification, we assume that all galaxies start to form stars $200$~Myr after the Big Bang, with a constant SFR over time, and an average metallicity of [Fe/H] = $-2$. Since the gwIMF is time dependent, we require that realistic IGIMF models have to match the observed $M_{\mathrm{UV}}$ within $\pm 1$~mag in the $1 \sigma$ interval of the observed redshift of the corresponding galaxy candidate. The left panel of Figure~\ref{figure_IGIMF} shows the time evolution of the absolute UV-band magnitude for IGIMF models that fulfill these constraints for observed galaxy candidates CEERS-1749, GL-z13, GL-z11, and ID~1514. These models have constant SFRs in the range of $\approx 2 - 30 \,M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}$ and thus a top-heavy IMF. The stellar masses at the observed redshifts of the galaxy candidates are shown in the right panel of Figure~\ref{figure_IGIMF} and are systematically lower than the derived stellar masses of \citet{Adams_2022}, \citet{Naidu_2022}, and \citet{Naidu_2022b_dust} because of the top-heavy gwIMF compared to the canonical IMF.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{IMF.pdf}
\caption{Left panels: cosmic time evolution of the stellar $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}$ ratio for stellar populations constructed assuming an invariant canonical IMF and using a delayed-$\tau $ (Eq.~\ref{eq:delayed_tau_SFH}; top panels) and an exponentially increasing SFH (Eq.~\ref{eq:exponential_SFH}; bottom panels). We assume that star formation starts $200$~Myr after the Big Bang (dashed vertical line). The minimum mass-to-light ratio for these galaxies assuming different SFHs is $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}\approx 3.2 \times 10^{-8}\,M_{\odot}/L_{\odot}$. Right panels: cosmic time evolution of the total stellar mass of the galaxy candidates CEERS-1749 (green hatched area), GL-z13 (orange area), GL-z11 (red area), and ID 1514 (blue area) calculated based on the inferred mass-to-light ratios of the left panels. The colored areas cover the stellar mass range for SFHs with $\tau$ values between $0.01$~Gyr (upper limit) and $200$~Gyr (lower limit; see the left panels). The filled circles with error bars show the observed values as quantified by \citet{Adams_2022}, \citet{Naidu_2022b_dust}, and \citet{Naidu_2022}. The most massive subhalos in terms of stellar mass in the $\Lambda$CDM simulations are shown as horizontal lines.}
\label{Mass-time}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{IGIMF_JWST.pdf}
\caption{Left panel: cosmic time evolution of the absolute UV-band magnitude for stellar populations constructed using constant SFRs and assuming the IGIMF theory and that star formation starts $200$~Myr after the Big Bang (dashed vertical line). The shown green, orange, red, and blue models match the observed magnitudes within $\pm 1$~mag at the $1 \sigma$ redshift interval of the galaxy candidates CEERS-1749, GL-z13, GL-z11, and ID~1514, respectively. The error bars show the observed absolute magnitudes of these four galaxy candidates. Right panel: the filled circles show the stellar masses of the galaxy candidates (of same color as the corresponding filled circles) assuming the $M_{*}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}$ ratios of the IGIMF models presented in the left panel. The faded error bars refer to the reported stellar masses as derived by \citet{Adams_2022}, \citet{Naidu_2022}, and \citet{Naidu_2022b_dust} based on an invariant canonical IMF. The squares mark the upper stellar mass limit found in the $\Lambda$CDM simulations assuming an invariant canonical IMF, and would be smaller for stronger-feedback regulation through an early top-heavy gwIMF.}
\label{figure_IGIMF}
\end{figure*}

\section{Discussion and Conclusion} \label{sec:Discussion and Conclusion}
While the redshifts of the galaxy candidates need to be spectroscopically verified, we use these JWST observations to quantify how quickly galaxies form in the currently most advanced cosmological simulations. Using state-of-the-art $\Lambda$CDM simulations of the IllustrisTNG and EAGLE project, we showed that the stellar mass buildup is much more efficient in the early universe than predicted by these $\Lambda$CDM models \citep[see also, e.g.,][]{BoylanKolchin_2022, Lovell_2022}. In particular, the stellar masses of ID~1514 \citep{Adams_2022}, ID~14924 \citep{Labbe_2022}, GL-z11, GL-z13 \citep{Naidu_2022}, and CEERS-1749 \citep{Naidu_2022b_dust} analyzed in Section~\ref{sec:Results} are higher by about one order of magnitude than the most massive galaxies formed in these simulations. In particular, massive high-redshift candidates appear more frequent at $z \ga 10$ than expected in the $\Lambda$CDM framework. For example, \citet{BoylanKolchin_2022} argued that a volume of $\approx 10^{8}\,\rm{cMpc^{3}}$ is required to explain ID~14924 with $\log_{10}(M/M_{\odot}) = 10.93$ at $z = 9.92$ \citep{Labbe_2022}. However, the survey covers $\approx 10^{5}\,\rm{cMpc^{3}}$ at $z = 10 \pm 1$ \citep[see section~3 of][]{BoylanKolchin_2022}. The TNG100-1 and RefL0100N1504 simulations have a box volume of $\approx 10^6\,\rm{cMpc^{3}}$ suggesting that the absence of massive galaxies in these runs is not because of a too small simulation volume.

The discrepancy between the observed and simulated stellar mass buildup could be caused by several reasons. First of all, high photometric redshifts can emerge due to dust reddening. For example, \citet{Zavala_2022} demonstrated that Lyman-break galaxy candidates at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} \ga 12$ can resemble dusty star-forming galaxies at $z \la 6-7$. Secondly, it could be that the high observed stellar masses are caused by an erroneous calibration of JWST.

Furthermore, it has been argued that star formation could be much more efficient in the early universe \citep[e.g.,][]{Naidu_2022,Harikane_2022,Mason_2022}. Assuming that the $\Lambda$CDM model is the correct description of the Universe, this would mean that the underlying galaxy formation and evolution ISM models of the EAGLE and IllustrisTNG runs must be improved in order to reproduce such galaxies. For example, these simulations assume that gas above a given density threshold \citep[e.g.,][]{Schaye_2015,Nelson_2019} is able to form stars, which is likely a too simplified implementation especially for describing high-redshift galaxies. \citet{BoylanKolchin_2022} showed that even a $100\%$ star formation efficiency in $\Lambda$CDM would not be enough to explain the stellar mass density measured by \citet{Labbe_2022}.

Another possibility is that the IMF systematically varies with the galactic properties. The IllustrisTNG and EAGLE simulations and the analysis of the Sections~\ref{sec:Results} and \ref{subsec:minimum stellar mass for SFHs} assume an invariant IMF, but it is expected that metal-poor starforming stellar populations follow a top-heavy IMF. Using the IGIMF theory we calculated the gwIMF of the observed galaxy candidates in dependence of the metallicity and SFR of forming galaxies resulting in lower stellar masses compared to an invariant canonical IMF. For this, the IGIMF theory has to be included in cosmological simulations \citep[see, e.g.,][]{Ploeckinger_2014} in order to make a firm conclusion if a top-heavy IMF can resolve the reported tension.

Finally, the present findings can also imply that structure formation is much more efficient and/or that the observed universe is even older than predicted by $\Lambda$CDM. The existence of these massive galaxies $\approx 300-400$~Myr after the Big Bang also questions the hierarchical (bottom-up) structure formation suggesting that late-type galaxies begin to form early through the initial monolithic collapse of rotating post-Big-Bang gas clouds \citep{Wittenburg_2020} while early-type massive galaxies and associated formation of supermassive black halos form by the monolithic collapse of post-Big-Bang gas clouds with little net rotation \citep[e.g.,][]{Kroupa_2020_SMBH,Wittenburg_2020,Yan_2021,Eappen_2022}.

Evidence for an enhanced growth of structures has been reported at different astrophysical scales and redshift ranges in the observed Universe. For example, \citet{Steinhardt_2016} showed that the observed number density of luminous galaxies at $5 \la z \la 10$ is much higher than predicted by the $\Lambda$CDM model (see their figure~1). However, their analysis relies on the stellar-to-halo mass relation from \citet{Leauthaud_2012} measured only at $z=0.2-1$, while, e.g., \citet{Behroozi_2019} suggest that there is a strong evolution at $z\ga5$. Furthermore, the existence of the massive interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo \citep[ACT-CL J0102-4915;][]{Marriage_2011} at $z = 0.87$ and the Keenan-Barger-Cowie void \citep[][]{Keenan_2013} at $z \la 0.07$ both individually falsify the hierarchical $\Lambda$CDM structure formation with more than $5 \sigma$ \citep{Haslbauer_2020,Asencio_2021}.

An enhanced growth of structure compared to the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm is expected in Milgromian dynamics \citep{Milgrom_1983,Angus_2009,Malekjani_2009,Famaey_2012,Kroupa_2012,Haslbauer_2020,Banik_2022_MONDreview}. Assuming the cosmic microwave background as the $z = 1100$ boundary condition and because of the reduced power on $< 1\,\rm{Mpc}$ scales compared to $\Lambda$CDM \citep{Angus_2011} due to the missing cold dark matter (CDM) component, it may be impossible to form galaxies in the early universe.

This work indicates that the currently available most advanced $\Lambda$CDM simulations cannot form galaxies as massive as observed at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} \ga 10$. This tension needs to be readdressed for extreme SFHs and/or if the gwIMF was top-heavy which would reduce the stellar mass buildup through more intense feedback.

Upcoming ultradeep and wider-area JWST observations will reveal more light on the number density of such luminous high-redshift galaxies over redshift required to evaluate the significance of the here-reported tension of the stellar mass buildup of high-redshift galaxies in more detail.

\acknowledgments
We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This project was largely conducted at the Charles University in Prague and we acknowledge the ``DAAD-Eastern-European" exchange program for financing visits at the Charles University in Prague during which we discussed several aspects of the formation and evolution of high-redshift galaxy candidates in the $\Lambda$CDM and Milgromian frameworks. We are also grateful to Nils Wittenburg, Nick Samaras, Ingo Thies, and Elena Asencio for helpful discussions on structure formation in Milgromian dynamics.

\bibliographystyle{aasjournal}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Covid Alert @ Level 4
Lookdown
Thailand's Covid alert back at Level 4, CCSA says no lockdowns
As infections continue to rise sharply across the country, the government has raised the Covid alert to Level 4 nationwide. The move comes as the number of severe cases and deaths also continues to rise, with most of the deaths reported in the elderly, the unvaccinated, and those with underlying health conditions. However, the CCSA has stated that lockdowns will not be implemented in order to curb the spread. Instead, disease prevention and containment measures are to be ramped up across the country, according to a Bangkok Post report.
According to the Public Health Ministry, there has been a noticeable spike in infections among family members and close acquaintances as a result of dining out together, playing sports, and attending weddings and funerals. Kiattiphum Wongrajit, permanent secretary for public health, says that if people drop their guard and fail to adhere to disease prevention measures, there could be a return to tougher restrictions.
The Bangkok Post reports that across the country, infections are increasing in all groups, but in particular, those of working age and children. The Department of Disease Control is paying close attention to the situation in 18 tourism provinces. Of those, Bangkok, Chon Buri, Phuket, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Phang Nga, Nonthaburi, and Pathum Thani have reported fluctuating case numbers but the overall trend is climbing.
The CCSA meets tomorrow to assess the latest situation, while reviewing measures aimed at boosting economic recovery. Spokeswoman Apisamai Srirangson says that from tomorrow, the focus of the government's Covid task force will be on the number of severe cases and deaths. She adds that while there are no lockdown plans, the country is not yet ready to follow other countries in relaxing restrictions.
"While the CCSA is unlikely to bring back lockdowns, Thailand still cannot afford to relax virus curbs in the same way as other countries have done. We have to come up with our own approach."
Apisamai also addressed rumours that the Test & Go entry scheme could once again be suspended, saying Thailand's health system can still cope with the number of overseas arrivals testing positive.
Covid-19 patients found on Bangkok streets waiting for treatment after cases spike
Today, Thailand's CCSA reported new Covid-19 infections over the past 24 hours have reached 21,232 with 39 Covid-related deaths. Thai media and volunteer groups are also reporting that the availability of beds is "at a crisis point". Photos of patients being left to wait for treatment on the street or on temple grounds are also being shared around social media. Authorities insist that the situation "is under control". They claim there are beds and medicine available and enough for the current level of Covid patients.
The volunteer Facebook page 'Survive Sai Mai' (Sai Mai is a district in Bangkok) posted a video of a 60 year old man who had become infected with Covid-19 and was waiting for treatment at a temple in Bangkok.
Another volunteer Facebook page 'Zendai' also shared photos of a man found laying on the street complaining that he was gasping for air and was tired. He tested positive for Covid-19 and is now receiving treatment. There's also another viral story about a mother with a one year old daughter waving for help from her balcony because they had become infected but weren't able to find a hospital or contact anyone to get treatment.
Yesterday, the Minister of Public Health, Anutin Charnvirakul, explained to reporters that the photos and claims of the alleged Covid-19 patients left on the streets and other public locations "were not accurate". He had checked with his team and did not find any records of the incidents.
"I also watched the news and didn't ignore what's happening. I asked the secretary and other directors to check, but no one was left on the road. Beds were still available. We now operate a Home Isolation system also."
An officer from Bangkok Emergency Medical Centre or Erawan Centre also insisted that residents can contact a hotline on 1669 (in Thai only) if they have severe symptoms. He believed that a "miscommunication" caused someone be left on the street. The officer said that the centre might not know whether patients were infected or not because there was no document to confirm, so the centre didn't send a car to pick them up. The officer said he was sorry for the lack of compassion and vowed the Erawan Centre "would improve and fix the problem".
Numerous other online stories claim that they were refused testing by hospitals "because it was a weekend", and some claimed they were unable to contact the 1330 hotline to join the home isolation system.
The National Health Security Office says that 1330 hotline has received over 20,000 calls per day, and that's why people were unable to make contact. They say that the solution, in that case, is to contact via the Line app or complete self-registration through an online form instead, but did not comment on residents who were unable to afford a smartphone or internet services.
US government tells citizens to avoid travel to Hong Kong, New Zealand – and Thailand
Americans are being told to avoid travel to Thailand, Hong Kong, and New Zealand, due to the rise in Covid-19 infections in each country. According to a Reuters report, the travel advisory was issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which has raised its travel alert for Thailand to "Level Four: Very High".
In total, the US is recommending citizens avoid travel to around 135 countries. Another 33 countries are at "Level 3: High". Meanwhile, Anguilla, Cape Verde, Fiji, Mexico, the Philippines, and the United Arab Emirates have all been lowered to Level 3. Just 29 countries are at "Level 2: Moderate" or "Level 1: Low".
The CDC is advising Americans who are not vaccinated to avoid travel, adding that even if vaccinated, travellers to Thailand risk contracting Covid-19.
"If you must travel to Thailand, make sure you are vaccinated and up to date with your Covid-19 vaccines before travel. Even if you are up to date with your Covid-19 vaccines, you may still be at risk for getting and spreading Covid-19."
The Bangkok Post reports that Thailand has recorded 18,943 new infections today, down from yesterday's 21,162. There were 69 Covid-related deaths, up from 65 yesterday. Hong Kong reported 25,150 new cases yesterday, with 280 deaths. Authorities there are struggling to contain the outbreak, with many of the elderly unvaccinated population enduring the worst of the wave.
The city has now reported a total of 500,000 infections, with most of its 2,000+ deaths reported in the last 2 weeks. According to the Reuters report, in the week to March 6, Hong Kong reported the most deaths per million people worldwide. The US CDC raised its travel advisory for Hong Kong to Level 3 last week.


text:
Q: How to remove binary files from all of the bitbucket git history, when the repo is already very close to 2GB? Bitbucket git repo has a size limit of 2GB, and now I have one repo ( let's call it bigsize repo) that is already dangerously close to that limit, due to a lot of binary files ( files with extensions of dll and msm). It's so close to the limit that I'm scared anymore commit operation involving binary files will tip the size to over 2GB, and hence the commit will fail and unable to proceed.
Now, how to best go by to reduce the bigsize repo size?
I'm thinking about using the LFS feature, but then, there is a 1GB limit on the LFS space, which I afraid will not be sufficient for the usage of this repo ( as the majority of the repo size is coming from the binary files that I want to store in LFS).
So I'm thinking about just removing all the binary files ( I don't mind losing them from source control, as I have them on my local drive) from the repo and the history, how to best do this, considering the current size of my bigsize repo?
The attack plan that I have:

*

*Make sure that for all the branches on the  bigsize repo ( yes, I've more than one branch on this gigantic repo), I've remove all of the binary files ( by submitting a commit that specifies *.dll in gitignore and use git rm -rf -cached command) . This is needed because "By default the BFG doesn't modify the contents of your latest commit on your master (or 'HEAD') branch, even though it will clean all the commits before it."

*Then use BFG delete-files command to "rewrite the history" so that the repo size will be reduced.

Does the approach work for a repo that is very closed to 2GB? I afraid that at step 1, when I use git rm, it will add to the history and push the repo size to over 2GB, and hence fail.
Important details:

*

*I'm the sole author of the repository

*Now I am multiple active branches. Throughout the history there are multiple branches that are merged into the main branch

*I don't use the repo for discussions or code reviews, and not even tags. I just use it as a single branch, with occasional branching and merging

A: git filter-branch or BFG are obsolete
With Git 2.22 or more, use git filter-repo:
git filter-repo --path your/big/file --invert-paths

Or:
git filter-repo --strip-blobs-bigger-than 10M

A: Here's how I solve the problem using BFG repo cleaner. I write it down so that it will be helpful to those in the future who might face the same situation as I do.
Before one even gets started, make sure that all your branches are "clear", ie: all changes that you desired are pushed into their respective branch. Let's name our gigantic repo as big repo, and assume that it is located at D:\MyCompany\big.
Also you might want to try this on a toy repo before actually working on the production repo.

*

*Clone your big repo into a brand new folder (git clone --mirror git@bitbucket.org:YourUserName/big.git), make sure that this new folder is outside of your original big repo folder. You need to be very sure that this is a completely separate thing from D:\MyCompany\big ( and hence you can experiment on it without fear). Assuming that this folder is D:\big_work, you will be able to find D:\big_work\big.git folder after doing the cloning.

*Backup big.git folder to another place, let's put it in D:\backup.

*determine that your binary files are really out of the LFS limit provided by bitbucket ( or your repo provider). In my case here, I need to ascertain that my binary file size is less than 1GB. To do this, convert the git of big.git to LFS via BFG. At command line:
3.1. cd D:\big_work
3.2. java -jar <path to>bfg-x.x.x.jar --convert-to-git-lfs "*.{dll, msm}" --no-blob-protection big.git ( make sure that you do this while you are inside the D:\big_work folder)

*Now check the size of D:\big_work\big.git\lfs folder, is it more than 1GB? If no, you can proceed to convert the binary files to lfs by continuing from step 4 here. No need to read the rest.

*If the lfs folder is more than 1GB, then you have to delete binary files from your repo and rewrite the history.

*Delete the big.git folder from D:big_work, and restore it from D:\backup ( the backup that you did in step 2).

*Here comes the most important step: the actual deletion. A lot of guides talk about why it's important to first make sure that the commits are clean (meaning, there are no more binary files in current state of repo) before carrying out this step. But I do find advice such as this unnecessary and distracting. Since we already know very well what we want-- namely, remove all of the binary files from our repo, present and past, from all branches, merged or unmerged, and the repo should look like as if it was never contaminated by binary files at any one point of time-- we should just disregard this warning. We bring on our nuclear weapon no-blob-protection for this purpose.
7.1. cd D:\big_work
7.2. java -jar <path to>bfg-x.x.x.jar --delete-files "*.{dll,msm}"  --no-blob-protection  big.git

*cd D:\big_work\big.git

*git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive

*git push

*Now go to your bitbucket big repo, you should find that all your dlls and msms are removed from all branches, and all history. This should give you the confidence that you already did the right thing: the binary files are being removed and your repo saved!

*Remember that your original big repo is located at D:\MyCompany\big and you have your sourcetree bookmark pointed to this folder, so you will need to first remove the sourcetree bookmark, and rename the D:\MyCompany\big to D:\MyCompany\big_old. Don't delete big_old folder yet because even though you don't want the binary files to locate inside the repo, but you still want them to locate on your hard disk, and big_old folder provides a natural backup. You can delete big_old folder some point in the future, after you are sure that it is really of no value.

*You need to clone again the clean repo to your hard disk. Let's clone it back to D:\MyCompany\big folder to avoid any breaking changes.

*Repoint the sourcetree big repo bookmark to D:\MyCompany\big folder.

*Gradually transfer the binary files you need from big_old to big folder on need basis, from time to time.

*You might need to contact bitbucket support for them to run agarbage collection operation to reduce the size.

Main references:

*

*BFG for a Noob

*Use BFG to migrate a repo to Git LFS

*BFG repo cleaner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Arab Posts / / Middle East / Sudan denies again sending any military troops to Libya
Sudan denies again sending any military troops to Libya
thearabposts_admin
. April 16, 2020
Khartoum renewed its denial of the participation of any Sudanese forces in the fighting in Libya between the forces of the reconciliation government and the Libyan National Army, in order to end what was circulated by militia-related pages about the participation of Sudanese elements in the fighting in a number of axes and fronts in Libya.
The Sudanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said, in a statement, that it "wishes to deny again the participation of any Sudanese forces in the fighting in Libya, around Tripoli or elsewhere in the country."
The Transitional Sovereign Council of Sudan's President, General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, denied last November sending Sudanese soldiers to fight in the fronts and war zones in Libya.
Media outlets, however, reported at the end of last month that the internationally recognized Libyan government had asked Sudan to withdraw its forces supporting the national army, which were not proven true by neutral sides.
The reconciliation government is trying to cover up its role in bringing mercenaries from Syria in cooperation with Turkey, in accordance with a security agreement concluded between Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the reconciliation government.
The Sudanese Foreign Ministry added, Monday, that "the government of national reconciliation officially conveyed from its highest levels the non-participation of Sudanese forces in armed confrontations in Libya." This is also evidence of the Sudanese government not being involved in the transfer of mercenaries nor sending its army to fight in Libya.
The United Nations' assigned team of experts report to monitor the arms embargo in Libya, which was published last January, and which stated that the team did not find on any serious evidence confirming the participation of Sudanese forces in the fighting in Libya. The Sudanese foreign Ministry added.
There is no solution to the conflict in Libya except through dialogue and consensus between the parties to address their political differences by peaceful means. The Sudanese Foreign Ministry stressed.
The Ministry expressed Khartoum's adherence to international legitimacy decisions on Libyan situation, and its rejection of foreign interference in its private affairs.
The Libyan parties called for an end to the military escalation and fighting, to end the human suffering of the Libyan people, and to mobilize efforts and resources to combat the Corona pandemic instead of paving the way to this pandemic to spread more, which can be a human disaster added to the war and the economic state of the country and the world in general. The Al-Wefaq government is trying to justify its field deadlock by talking about foreign mercenaries and foreign military support for the Libyan army at a time when Turkish forces are deliberately supporting the pro-government terrorist groups with money, weapons and ammunition, adding to training and recruiting terrorists and mercenaries and sending them from Syria to Libya without any consideration of the world's present crisis, which is a clear violation of all international agreements.
Tags:ARMY FORCES, Libya, mercenaries, Sudan, TERRORISTS
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