I received my copy of "La Cucina - The regional cooking of Italy" from Accademia Italiana Della Cucina today and I can't wait to dig into all 2000 Italian regional recipes in the book!
I have always believed that everything has a mathematical form, and they are every where in our life.
Take cooking for example, a recipe is a model, ingredients are like data, and the chef turns the ingredients into magnificent dishes just like how a statistician would turn data into useful insight.
Furthermore vegetables, meat and all other inputs just like data are not always the same. Time-series data are subject to sampling frequency, and surveys are prone to non-response. Ingredients can also be good or bad and have a distribution they follow.
A bad cook like me would have blindly follow the recipe and make a terrible dish. On the other hand, a good chef would analyse the ingredients by looking, smelling and even taste it to determine the state of the ingredients just like a good analyst would plot the data to grasp the feeling of the data.
The only difference is that a statistician would analyse all these information with a computer, while the chef analyse all these in his personal computer (brain and senses).
I wonder would it be possible one day that when we can measure all the aspects of taste, a terrible cook like me can turn into a Master chef!
The sum function in R is a special one in contrast to other summary statistics functions such as mean and median. The first distinguish is that it is a Primitive function where the others are not (Although you can call mean using .Internal). This causes many inconsistency and unexpected behaviours.
What turns out is that this line of code works find for all the summary statistics except the sum function where the "weight" is also summed. So my current solution is just to use the switch function which is not my favourite function.
Another inconsistency arises in how the NA's are treated. In the mean, median and weighted.mean summaries; if all the observations are NA then either NA or NaN are returned.
While the sum function returns zero. It puzzles me how you get zero when NA stands for not available and this is like creating something out of nothing. This is a problem for me since if I want to sum up multiple time series with missing values, I want the function to remove NA and compute where there are partial data while returning NA instead of zero when there are no data at all.
Nevertheless, a simple solution exists and thanks to the active R community. This post on R help addresses this problem and solve in an elegant manner.
I am not sure about the reasoning underlay the behaviour of sum, but it should be consistent so people can trust it and use it as what they expect.


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Some hard work underway in the national Young Mathematicians' Award competition at Explore Learning in Sale… https://t.co/FKZZVjUQDr
Year 3 are learning lots of information about rocks and fossils in today's workshop with Mr North from Time Trips.… https://t.co/BDTmxQ9AaU
It's official... we are EXCELLENT! Forest Park Preparatory School was inspected by the ISI in November 2019 and has… https://t.co/c44ia8GxGE
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Forest Park Vision
To ensure that every child has the best start in their learning lives, preparing them to thrive in education and beyond. We want to instill an attitude that each pupil can and will achieve.
Mission and Promise
At Forest Park, our promise is to provide every child with an excellent well-rounded education in a safe, happy and stimulating environment that inspires a life-long love of learning.
Our small class sizes, high-quality teaching and individually tailored curriculum enable us to encourage, support and extend every child's academic and personal needs.
Caring for the individual has always been at the heart of our school and our exceptional pastoral provision ensures that every child can thrive within the school, wider community and are fully prepared for the transition to their grammar school of choice.
We nurture all children through a vital phase of their growth and development focusing on all aspects of education - academic, personal, social and moral - to create confident and respectful individuals.
Core Values
NURTURE EXCELLENCE ASPIRE
We listen to every child and encourage them to learn and grow as they develop their key skills. All personal needs are looked after as part of the Forest Park family.
We believe in the best outcomes for every child. High-quality teaching and learning enables pupils to achieve the highest possible standards in all that they do.
We provide an appropriate level of challenge for pupils. Hard work and dedication from pupils ensure they achieve success and foster a love for learning.
A relentless focus on the development of core learning skills and ensuring staff practice is up to date.
Ensure that we work in close partnership with parents and provide a broad balanced curriculum that fits the needs of every individual child.
Developing the whole child so that they are healthy, safe, engaged, supported and challenged.
Creating a learning environment in which children are able to enjoy practical and immersive learning experiences.
Delivering a curriculum that challenges, inspires and prepares pupils for a better future.
Creating high aspirations for pupils to become independent, resilient learners who strive for success.
Read more on our latest School Developments
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Process Services can be configured to authenticate using Keycloak.
Configuration of Keycloak provides integration options for existing Identity Providers and User Databases to support Single Sign On (SSO) capabilities for Process Services. Keycloak utilizes the OpenID Connect protocol to authenticate with Process Services.
Authentication protocols such as SAML 2.0 and OAuth 2.0 are supported by Keycloak. LDAP and Active Directory (AD) providers are configurable within Keycloak for user federation.
Keycloak needs to be downloaded and configured separately to authenticate with Process Services.
Alfresco Process Services properties for Keycloak Use this information to configure Process Services to authenticate via Keycloak.


text:
Q: Should I use OAuth/OAuth2 for SOA type web services? My company is making a product where we have both a front and backend. The backend essentially provides all the brains as far as user information. The front end is something that will be displayed to the user (obviously), but if may have different front end implementations (including our own reference implementation).
My company wants to use OAuth to validate the user login information. I've looked into OAuth a bit and it seems that OAuth 1 would require the user to post a key into the front end app. Does that at all sound right? It seems a little contrived to me because all the data resides on the backend. We really just want to verify that the front end is from a legit 3rd party. Is OAuth overkill for that? Would OAuth 2 be a better fit?
Keep in mind in working with Ruby on Rails and so I'm not sure how great the OAuth2 gemsets are.
Thanks

A: OAuth might be an overkill if you are only using it internally. However since you're implementation would just be a reference design and you expect 3rd parties to connect it seems a good decision to rely on a standard.
As ruby implementations goes - you probably want to look at oauth-plugin (on the rails side) and oauth2 (client) gems

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Graduated from the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan in 2008.
In the repertoire: Alfredo ("La Traviata" by G. Verdi), Edgardo ("Lucia di Lammermoor" by G. Donizetti), B.F. Pinkerton ("Madama Butterfly" by G. Puccini), Lensky ("Eugene Onegin" by P. Tchaikovsky), Hoffmann ("Les Contes d' Hoffmann" by J. Offenbach), Werther ("Werther" by J. Massenet), Rodolfo ("La Boheme" by G. Puccini), Don José ("Carmen" by G. Bizet), Cavaradossi ("Tosca" by G. Puccini), Don Alvaro ("La Forza del Destino" by G. Verdi), Camille, Count de Rosillon ("The Merry Widow" by F. Lehar), Radamès ("Aida" by G. Verdi), Prince Andrey Khovansky, Prince Vasiliy Golitsin ("Khovanshchina" by M. Mussorgsky), Giasone ("Medea" by L. Cherubini).
In the season of 2013-2014 he debuted at the stages of the Vlaamse Opera as Cavaradossi in Puccini's "Tosca".
In the season 2014-2015 he made his debut at the stages of Deutsche Oper am Rhein (Cavaradossi in Puccini's "Tosca"), Mariinsky and Mikhailovsky Theaters (Manrico in Giuseppe Verdi's "Il Trovatore"), Bolshoi Theatre of Russia (Alfredo Germont in "La Traviata" by Verdi).
In the season 2015-2016 he debuted at the Finnish National Opera, Royal Opera House (Cavaradossi in Puccini's "Tosca") and the Israeli Opera in Tel Aviv (Romeo in Gounod's "Romeo and Juliet").


text:
Support for new discoveries in UVic health research
Education, Science, Engineering, Human and Social Development
Sam Liu is one of five UVic recipients of heath grants. Credit: UVic Photo Services
Researchers investigating childhood obesity, food security and nutrition in Inuit communities, and the role of intestinal microbes in humans' immune systems are among the University of Victoria recipients of nearly $2 million from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR).
MSFHR's Scholar Program supports early-career health researchers who are building leading-edge health research programs and training the next generation of scientists. The Research Trainee Program supports health researchers in the training phase of their career to enrich BC's health research talent.
"Support for these early-career researchers exemplifies their leadership, creativity and impact," says Nathan Lachowsky, special adviser, health, within UVic's Office of the Vice-President Research and Innovation. "These achievements advance our UVic Health Initiative and demonstrate how our scholars are at the leading edge of health research."
MSFHR is providing funding for 86 MSFHR scholar and recipients at research institutions across BC, following a year that has shown "the critical nature of investing in health research and the talented people who improve our health system and help create healthier lives through discovery," says MSFHR President and Chief Executive Officer Bev Holmes.
The five UVic scholar recipients are:
Josh Giles, mechanical engineering
As many joint replacement patients still aren't able to perform daily tasks, Josh Giles' research targets the development of technologies that assist surgeons in pre-operative plans. Using computer-based biomechanical research, machine-learning and novel sensor development, Giles' research will improve our understanding of personalized joint replacement, yield new clinical technologies and enable surgeons to more effectively personalize surgery to each patient, resulting in improved patient function and a more efficient health system.
Mathew Little, School of Health and Public Policy
Epidemiologist and assistant professor Matthew Little will work with Inuit communities in Nunavik to assess food security, dietary patterns and nutritional health. Malnutrition is a serious concern in Inuit and northern regions of Canada, driven by poverty, food insecurity and climate change, says Little, who will share findings with decision-makers responsible for sustainable and healthy food systems across this region.
Sam Liu, exercise science, physical and health education
Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge in Canada and its rate of increase has been rising steadily for decades. This is especially so in more marginalized families and communities, creating an inequitable risk for chronic disease in adulthood. Sam Liu is leading a research program exploring ways for families to leverage digital technologies to help manage childhood obesity using personalized games and apps.
Lisa Reynolds, biochemistry and microbiology
The presence of particular microbes or macrobes within humans' intestinal tracts can drastically alter the development and functioning of our immune system, which in turn can influence our susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory and allergic diseases. Lisa Reynolds' lab aims to dissect the pathways of intercommunication between the microbiota and the immune system, with the goal of identifying molecules and mechanisms that can influence immune system functioning, which can then be targeted therapeutically to treat or prevent allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Nicole Templeman, biology
Nicole Templeman, Canada Research Chair in Cell Biology, is examining the link between insulin and egg cell quality to understand age-related reproductive decline. Signaling pathways that detect nutrients seem to play crucial roles in coordinating metabolism, reproduction and lifespan. Templeman's team will use a mouse model of genetically reduced insulin to determine how lowering insulin affects oocyte quality and reproductive success during aging. Her team will also study how insulin levels determine features of polycystic ovary syndrome, a common hormonal disorder, and evaluate long-term consequences of temporary nutrient excess or depletion.
-- 30 --
Keywords: research, health, funding, government
People: Josh Giles, Mathew Little, Sam Liu, Lisa Reynolds, Nicole Templeman
Legacy gift supports research
An unexpected and substantial legacy gift from the estate of renowned Calgarian and philanthropist Margaret (Marmie) Hess is supporting graduate and post-doctoral researchers at the University of Victoria across the sciences. The gift created a $2 million endowment to fund two graduate student awards, with the remaining $500,000 funding research grants for post-doctoral fellows.
Order of Canada: Budd Hall
Budd Hall is a pioneer in the field of community-based research. Now the professor emeritus with the School of Public Administration and Co-Chair of the UNESCO Chair in Community Based Research and Social Responsibility in Higher Education can add an Order of Canada Officer to his long list of accomplishments.
Mapping the health of kelp forests
Canopy-forming kelp forests are a vital lifeline for spawning herring and juvenile salmon, but a raft of environmental stressors make the future of those underwater forests uncertain. A new research alliance is examining the resilience and decline of bull kelp along the BC central coast due to warming ocean temperatures, in hopes of identifying areas of potential protection and possible restoration.


text:
BOOK AN EXCURSION
VISUALLY IMPARED VERSION
Tickets Excursion Search
Site version	 RU EN
Museum-Reserve of A. P. Chekhov 'Melikhovo'
METEOPOST
Performances for adults
Performances for children
The governing rules and regulations
Melikhovskaya vesna 2019
II международный театральный фестиваль «Мелиховская Весна» 2001
Museum Branch and Exhibits on Loan
Museum awards
Museum and Theatre Programs
Museum-online
Melikhovo Horse-Riding School
Helpful Weekend Initiative
and travel agencies
Events and social activities
142326, Russia, Moscow Region, Chekhov District, Melikhovo Village
Museum Administration (Mon-Fri). Tel: +7 (496) 72-7-62-56
Booking tickets (Tue-Sun, 10:00 to 16:45). Tel: +7 (905) 781-29-10
Excursion reservations (Tue-Sun, 10:00 to 16:45). Tel: +7 (499) 941-03-13
Tourist Information Center (TIC) (Tue-Sun, 10:00 to 17:00). Tel: +7 (916) 484-72-47
The State Autonomous Institution of Culture of Moscow Region "State Literary-Memorial Museum-Reserve of A. P. Chekhov "Melikhovo"
The site is developed by:
Studio WebProstor
Translation for the English version of the website was made by Mikhail I. Golovan, Head of Marketing and Tourism, Tourist Information Center (TIC) "Melikhovo".
The working group of the Museum express special thanks to: Friends of the Museum and Ray White (Murrell Ray White Jr.), Executive Director of "Moscow Nights", organization of awareness of Russian culture, New Orleans, for their assistance in our project.


The Major Craft Benkei opens up a new era for freshwater fishing rods, created to break the status quo for freshwater anglers. Fish can be cunning at times and by following the evolution of rods which uses the latest data, feedback and leading edge design and technology, it enables you to use a rod that's versatile, and loaded with the features to make presenting your lure, the best it can be. Introducing the Benkei range. The one "sword" to have in your battle against your chosen foe.
Equipped with a FUJI K-Series ring set with® Alconite Fuji ring liners. The highly modulated carbon blank from Toray gives excellent feedback to the user and has enough backbone to land big fish.
The Fuji reel seat always offer a firm grip and round together with the EVA split grip it is a very classy design.


Mersman's 1986 Sportables were a great example!
Dave Space, one of our designers, was doodling and created these great sports tables!
The reaction when we actually made them and brought them to market was phenomenal.


text:
The Big Game Preview
By Jessica Zayas-Rivera
|  Jan. 29, 2014
The game we've been waiting for all season is days away! The Broncos' powerhouse offense will try to take on the intense Legion of Boom defense that the Seattle Seahawks will be bringing in full effect this Sunday. Let's look at these teams side to side to see what serious heat they are both packing.
First off, "age ain't nothin' but a number" when you're talking about Peyton Manning. He was out for record-breaking numbers, and he accomplished just that this season. Let's take his game against the Oakland Raiders in week three when he broke the record for most touchdown passes in the first three games of a season after throwing 12. Then you have, with as much grief as it is to say with me being a Houstonian, his week 16 game against the Texans when he broke Brady's record for most touchdown passes in a season. When it was all said and done, he finished the season with 55 touchdowns that totaled a league record of 5,477 yards.
Now let's look at the Seahawks. Who cannot be mesmerized by the Legion of Boom (L.O.B)? This driving force foursome is comprised of Richard Sherman, Brandon Browner, Earl Thomas and Kam Chancellor. With recent news attention, Richard Sherman has named himself the "best corner in the game" after calling out Crabtree during the playoff game with the 49ers. Well is he? That's debatable, but one thing we know for sure is when this foursome comes together, they led the league in scoring defense. Then, you have BEAST MODE, Marshawn Lynch, which we will bet if you fed the beast with Skittles, he will most likely make his next play a touchdown. Lastly, I can't leave out the MVP of the Seattle Seahawks who will most definitely show up on Sunday½.the 12th man who will add to that insane defensive team!
We can't wait for all the action because no matter what, it will be a passionate game. Plus, I can't wait to hear what comes out of Sherman's mouth next. Here at TopGolf, we will be keeping warm with our double heated bays and keeping full with our Big Game special of a shareable $20 Wings Trio plus $16 mixed Bud buckets.
Until an Asteroid½
JZ (L.O.B)
football sports
Jessica Zayas-Rivera
Military brat. A true Taurus. Auburn Alum "War Eagle". Closet nerd. Lover of music. Can be bribed with chocolate. Her nick name is JZ, yes like the rapper. If stranded on an island her one item would be lipstick. Bad, not basic.


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Open Humanities Awards round 2 – Winners announced
Posted on Wednesday, July 9th, 2014 at 4:56 pm.
During May we invited humanities academics and technologists to submit innovative ideas for small technology projects that would further humanities research by either using open content, open data and/or open source (in the Open track) or building upon the research, tools and data developed within the DM2E project (in the DM2E track).
We're very pleased to announce that the winners of this second round of the Open Humanities Awards are :
Dr. Rainer Simon (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology), Leif Isaksen & Pau de Soto Cañamares (University of Southampton) and Elton Barker (The Open University) for the project SEA CHANGE
Dr.-Ing. Michael Piotrowski (Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG)) for the project Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online
DM2E track
Dr. Maximilian Hadersbeck (Center for Information and Language Processing (CIS), University of Munich (LMU)) for the project finderApp WITTFind
All winners will receive financial support to help them undertake the work they proposed and will be blogging about the progress of their project. You can follow their progress via the [DM2E blog](https://dm2e.eu/blog).
####Open track – Award 1: SEA CHANGE
The first award of the Open track goes to Dr. Rainer Simon (AIT), Leif Isaksen & Pau de Soto Cañamares (University of Southampton) and Elton Barker (The Open University) for the project Socially Enhanced Annotation for Cartographic History And Narrative GEography (SEA CHANGE). This project will make available high-quality open geographic metadata for Historic Geospatial Documents – historic documents that use written or visual representation to describe geographic space. In the course of two "hackathon"-like workshops, the project will work with academics and students of relevant disciplines (e.g. history, geography) as well as with interested members of the public on annotating selected documents and making use of the results.
The outcome will be a body of Linked Open Data that enables humanities scholars to "map" and compare the narrative of ancient literary texts, and the contents of early cartographic sources with modern day tools like Web maps and GIS. This data will make it possible to contrast their geographic properties, toponymy and spatial relationships. Contributing to the wider ecosystem of the "Graph of Humanities Data" that is gathering pace in the Digital Humanities (linking data about people, places, events, canonical references, etc.), it will open up new avenues for computational and quantitative research in a variety of fields including History, Geography, Archaeology, Classics, Genealogy and Modern Languages.
SEA CHANGE will complement the ongoing Pelagios research project, a pioneering multi-year initiative funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, JISC and the AHRC, that aims to aggregate a large corpus of geographic metadata for geospatial documents from Latin, Greek, European medieval and maritime, as well as early Islamic and Chinese traditions. SEA CHANGE will draw content from similar sources as Pelagios (e.g. the Perseus Digital Library, the Open Philology Project, the Internet Archive or Wikisource), and re-use some of its tools (e.g. the Recogito annotation tool). But in contrast to Pelagios, SEA CHANGE will explore a crowdsourcing approach. It will trial different aspects of collaborative geo-annotation, and ascertain their consequences in terms of data quality, resources required, and participant motivation. Most importantly, however, Dr Rainer Simon highlights:
we are convinced that SEA CHANGE is more than just a means to generate exciting new data relevant to humanities research – it is also a chance to engage with a wider audience and, ultimately, build community.
####Open track – Award 2: Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online
Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online ("Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne online") is a comprehensive collection of about 1,800 bilateral and multilateral European peace treaties from the period of 1450 to 1789, published as an open access resource by the Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG).
Peace treaties between dynasties and states form an important part of our European cultural heritage. They are also essential for research into early modern peacekeeping and diplomacy. Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online bundles manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe, often hard to access, and partly undocumented. The digitized manuscripts are annotated with basic metadata, and some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions. This unique combination of digital facsimiles and critical editions has turned out to work as a well-received starting point for scholarly research in this area.
The collection data is currently stored in a relational database with a Web front-end and is one of the most popular digital offerings of IEG. However, it is currently not available as Linked Open Data. This project aims to bring the collection to the Linked Data cloud, which will allow researchers not only to browse the collection but also to use and reuse the data in novel ways and to integrate it with other collections, including Europeana.
The approach foreseen is to represent the key facts of the peace treaties (date, place, signatories, powers, type of treaty, etc.) in RDF using the nanopublications approach, an approach originally developed in the biomedical domain. The publication of the European peace treaties collection as Linked Open Data will make more content and data openly available for researchers to use, and will make it possible to link it to other relevant information, e.g., persons and places via GND/VIAF.
####DM2E track – Award: finderApp WITTFind
At his death, the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) left behind 20,000 pages of philosophical manuscripts and typescripts, the Wittgenstein's Nachlass. In 2009 the Wittgenstein Archives at the University Bergen (WAB), a member of the DM2E project, made 5000 pages from the Nachlass freely available on the web at Wittgenstein Source. Since 2010, the research group "Wittgenstein in Co-Text" has worked on developing the web-frontend finderApp WiTTFind and the "Wittgenstein Advanced Search Tools" (WAST), which provide the possibility of rule-based searching Wittgenstein's Nachlass in the context of sentences.
The current project finderApp WiTTFind offers to the users and researches in the field of humanities a new kind of search machine. Unlike the search capabilities of Google books and the Open Library project, the tools are rule-based and in combination with electronic lexicon and various computational tools, this project will provide lemmatized and inverse lemmatized search and allow queries to the Nachlass which include word forms, semantic and sentence structured specifications. Syntactic disambiguation is done with Part-of-Speech tagging. Query results are displayed in a web browser as XSLT-transformations of the transcribed texts, together with facsimile of the matching segment in the original. With this information researchers are able to check the correctness of the edition and can explore original handwritten edition-texts which are otherwise stored in access-restricted archives.
The project consists of three elements:
An extension of the finderApp which is currently used for exploring and researching only Ludwig Wittgenstein's Big Typescript TS-213 (BT) to the rest of the open available 5000 pages of Wittgenstein's Nachlass
Making the tool openly available to other humanity projects by defining APIs and a XML-TEI-P5 tagset, which defines the XML-structure of the texts which are processed from the finderApp
Building a git-server-site which offers the applications and programs to other research projects in the field of Digital Humanities
We congratulate all winners and look forward to seeing the outcomes of their work preseted on the DM2E blog and at upcoming DM2E events in the near future.


"What looks like two guys gettin breakfast at a buffet line, Man if you see somethin…"
lambert cloud replied May 14, 2012 to Popcaan with Another man. Is this photo photoshoped??
"As I've read about the Buju's case, one thing that popped out to me was. The whole…"


Liam proved to have the leading edge against the rest of the Timloc external Sales Team, who it's fair to say, all had a strong last sales quarter.
Divisional Managing Director of Timloc, Michael Leaf, presented Liam with the coveted award at Timloc's new home in Howden, East Yorkshire, and stated, 'Very well done to Liam, this award and your achievements over the last quarter is the direct result of the hard work and commitment that you've invested into your customers – thank you'.
Liam commented 'I'm really pleased to receive this award. I can honestly say that this is a very good place to be, as Timloc continue to move forward – plus we have an excellent team and technical service and support to deal with all our customer's requirements'.
To make an appointment with your local Timloc Area Sales Manager, to learn how working with Timloc can benefit your company and projects, then please don't hesitate to visit our website (www.timloc.co.uk) or contact us on 01405 765 567 or at sales@timloc.co.uk.


text:
Q: Question about Lorentz scalar I have a simple question about Lorentz Scalars.
In my course they are introduced like that.
$\phi$ is a scalar of Lorentz if it follows the following property :
A function $\phi$ is a scalar of Lorentz if it follows the following rules :
$\phi(x)=\phi'(x')$ and $\phi'=\phi$
But what would mean $\phi'$ ? For me, for a scalar quantity $\phi'$ doesn't mean anything.
Indeed, as I have a scalar the only thing I can change of coordinates is the variable : $x=f(x')$.
And we have $\phi(x)=\phi(f(x'))$.
So, maybe I misunderstood something but what would $\phi'$ mean in a general case ?
Furthermore, do you agree with me if I say that in fact all scalar quantities in physics must be Lorentz scalar (because as I just wrote, the only thing we do is a change of variable so we don't need any "property" on the quantity described by the scalar).

A: Lorentz scalars are a subset of Lorentz invariant quantities. A Lorentz scalar is a scalar that is invariant under Lorentz transformation. For example, the dot product of a four-vector with itself is a Lorentz scalar. The 4-velocity is defined as:
$$\textbf{U}=\gamma(c,v)$$
So the dot product of 4-velocity with itself is:
$$\textbf{||U||}^2=U^{\mu}U_{\mu}=\gamma^2\left(c^2-v^2\right)=c^2$$
The 4-momentum is defined as:
$$\textbf{P}=m\textbf{U}=\gamma\left(mc,mv\right)=\gamma\left(\frac{E}{c},\textbf{p}\right)$$
The dot product of 4-momentum with itself is:
$$\textbf{||P||}^2=\frac{E^2}{c^2}-\textbf{p}^2=m^2c^2$$
A Lorentz scalar is a scalar that remains the same in every inertial frame of reference. Energy is a scalar quantity, but it can have different values in different frames of reference, so it is not a Lorentz scalar.


text:
He made America Great Again : Bush in the White House
A phone rings at the white house. Lifting the device, a man answers:
- Howdy! This is the president. What's the urgency? If it is Bin Laden that wants to surrender, tell him it is too late. I want him dead.
- No, Mr. President it is even more urgent.
- I know it, with America striking back, our bombs have destroyed another food warehouse in Afghanistan. I know I already told our military to be very careful. Our bombs cost a lot of money. We cannot afford missing targets.
- No, Mr. President, it is not Afghanistan. By the way, our media are obeying our orders. The American public does not see pictures of the civilian casualties. But it is not that
- What is it then? Don't tell that the airline industry is requesting an additional bailout of the next terrorist attack.
- No, Mr. President. The airlines are busy with the money they have demanded. But it is not about.
-Is it V.P. Cheney? Did he have another heart attack? Btw, he is doing fine wherever he is doing whatever he is. At least now if he has a heart attack, the press will not be informed.
- No, sir. He is doing fine, except that if he stays at an undisclosed location, he is a concerned that he may be forgotten about and then his chances of winning presidential elections for 2009 would be slim.
- It must be Al Gore who is disputing again the election results?
- No sir, he is not. By the way, his beard is much shorter than Bin Laden's. So there is no way we could blame the Bin Laden matter on the democrats.
- Don't tell me that another surveillance plane has been forced to land in china.
- No sir, it is more urgent than that. By the way, with our trade relations and China's most favored nation status, we have business contracts that will keep the Chinese making toys for the next hundred years while we make advances in science and technology, which will strengthen our military power and world supremacy.
- Come on. I need to prepare to meet my good friend Putin of Russian, who is good man. By the way, it was interesting to meet Putin, the former KGB agent. Is there another anthrax letter that got through our defense lines in Washington, DC? The anthrax spores, just like the Taliban, hate our freedom, but we will prevail
- No, Sir. Our defense line layers are holding against the anthrax. But it is not that.
- What is it? Are you with me or against me? If you don't tell me, I am going again to my ranch in my beautiful hometown.
- Sir, it is the American people.
- What's wrong with the people? Have they found out that I am a dictator like my good tyrant friends in other third world countries? We soon will have with military tribunals, an agency that can assassinate people, and the possibility to arrest innocent people? Have they made the connection that the Vice-President and the secretary of State are military men?
- No, Sir. As long we have media that will continue to bear our propaganda that we are free and good, they will remain busy, eating, drinking, and consuming.
-What's it then? What do they want?
- It is the continuous layoffs. People are hurting.
- We already have created more than 1,000 jobs by putting suspects in an internment camp. In this respect, I was able to get some valuable information about KGB methods of physical persuasion and interments in Siberia. This could come handy in Alaska when we will create 7,000,000 more jobs.


text:
package com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01;

import java.io.Serializable;
import com.leansoft.nano.annotation.*;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.CatalogNumberList;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.UPCList;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.List;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.PackageDimensions;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.ItemDimensions;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.Creator;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.Languages;
import com.amazon.webservices.awsecommerceservice._2011_08_01.itemattributes.EANList;

@RootElement(name = "ItemAttributes", namespace = "http://webservices.amazon.com/AWSECommerceService/2011-08-01")
public class ItemAttributes implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1L;

	@Element(name = "Actor")
	@Order(value=0)
	public List<String> actor;

	@Element(name = "Artist")
	@Order(value=1)
	public List<String> artist;

	@Element(name = "AspectRatio")
	@Order(value=2)
	public String aspectRatio;

	@Element(name = "AudienceRating")
	@Order(value=3)
	public String audienceRating;

	@Element(name = "AudioFormat")
	@Order(value=4)
	public List<String> audioFormat;

	@Element(name = "Author")
	@Order(value=5)
	public List<String> author;

	@Element(name = "Binding")
	@Order(value=6)
	public String binding;

	@Element(name = "Brand")
	@Order(value=7)
	public String brand;

	@Element(name = "CatalogNumberList")
	@Order(value=8)
	public CatalogNumberList catalogNumberList;

	@Element(name = "Category")
	@Order(value=9)
	public List<String> category;

	@Element(name = "CEROAgeRating")
	@Order(value=10)
	public String ceroAgeRating;

	@Element(name = "ClothingSize")
	@Order(value=11)
	public String clothingSize;

	@Element(name = "Color")
	@Order(value=12)
	public String color;

	@Element(name = "Creator")
	@Order(value=13)
	public List<Creator> creator;

	@Element(name = "Department")
	@Order(value=14)
	public String department;

	@Element(name = "Director")
	@Order(value=15)
	public List<String> director;

	@Element(name = "EAN")
	@Order(value=16)
	public String ean;

	@Element(name = "EANList")
	@Order(value=17)
	public EANList eanList;

	@Element(name = "Edition")
	@Order(value=18)
	public String edition;

	@Element(name = "EISBN")
	@Order(value=19)
	public List<String> eisbn;

	@Element(name = "EpisodeSequence")
	@Order(value=20)
	public String episodeSequence;

	@Element(name = "ESRBAgeRating")
	@Order(value=21)
	public String esrbAgeRating;

	@Element(name = "Feature")
	@Order(value=22)
	public List<String> feature;

	@Element(name = "Format")
	@Order(value=23)
	public List<String> format;

	@Element(name = "Genre")
	@Order(value=24)
	public String genre;

	@Element(name = "HardwarePlatform")
	@Order(value=25)
	public String hardwarePlatform;

	@Element(name = "HazardousMaterialType")
	@Order(value=26)
	public String hazardousMaterialType;

	@Element(name = "IsAdultProduct")
	@Order(value=27)
	public Boolean isAdultProduct;

	@Element(name = "IsAutographed")
	@Order(value=28)
	public Boolean isAutographed;

	@Element(name = "ISBN")
	@Order(value=29)
	public String isbn;

	@Element(name = "IsEligibleForTradeIn")
	@Order(value=30)
	public Boolean isEligibleForTradeIn;

	@Element(name = "IsMemorabilia")
	@Order(value=31)
	public Boolean isMemorabilia;

	@Element(name = "IssuesPerYear")
	@Order(value=32)
	public String issuesPerYear;

	@Element(name = "ItemDimensions")
	@Order(value=33)
	public ItemDimensions itemDimensions;

	@Element(name = "ItemPartNumber")
	@Order(value=34)
	public String itemPartNumber;

	@Element(name = "Label")
	@Order(value=35)
	public String label;

	@Element(name = "Languages")
	@Order(value=36)
	public Languages languages;

	@Element(name = "LegalDisclaimer")
	@Order(value=37)
	public String legalDisclaimer;

	@Element(name = "ListPrice")
	@Order(value=38)
	public Price listPrice;

	@Element(name = "MagazineType")
	@Order(value=39)
	public String magazineType;

	@Element(name = "Manufacturer")
	@Order(value=40)
	public String manufacturer;

	@Element(name = "ManufacturerMaximumAge")
	@Order(value=41)
	public DecimalWithUnits manufacturerMaximumAge;

	@Element(name = "ManufacturerMinimumAge")
	@Order(value=42)
	public DecimalWithUnits manufacturerMinimumAge;

	@Element(name = "ManufacturerPartsWarrantyDescription")
	@Order(value=43)
	public String manufacturerPartsWarrantyDescription;

	@Element(name = "MediaType")
	@Order(value=44)
	public String mediaType;

	@Element(name = "Model")
	@Order(value=45)
	public String model;

	@Element(name = "ModelYear")
	@Order(value=46)
	public BigInteger modelYear;

	@Element(name = "MPN")
	@Order(value=47)
	public String mpn;

	@Element(name = "NumberOfDiscs")
	@Order(value=48)
	public BigInteger numberOfDiscs;

	@Element(name = "NumberOfIssues")
	@Order(value=49)
	public BigInteger numberOfIssues;

	@Element(name = "NumberOfItems")
	@Order(value=50)
	public BigInteger numberOfItems;

	@Element(name = "NumberOfPages")
	@Order(value=51)
	public BigInteger numberOfPages;

	@Element(name = "NumberOfTracks")
	@Order(value=52)
	public BigInteger numberOfTracks;

	@Element(name = "OperatingSystem")
	@Order(value=53)
	public String operatingSystem;

	@Element(name = "PackageDimensions")
	@Order(value=54)
	public PackageDimensions packageDimensions;

	@Element(name = "PackageQuantity")
	@Order(value=55)
	public BigInteger packageQuantity;

	@Element(name = "PartNumber")
	@Order(value=56)
	public String partNumber;

	@Element(name = "PictureFormat")
	@Order(value=57)
	public List<String> pictureFormat;

	@Element(name = "Platform")
	@Order(value=58)
	public List<String> platform;

	@Element(name = "ProductGroup")
	@Order(value=59)
	public String productGroup;

	@Element(name = "ProductTypeName")
	@Order(value=60)
	public String productTypeName;

	@Element(name = "ProductTypeSubcategory")
	@Order(value=61)
	public String productTypeSubcategory;

	@Element(name = "PublicationDate")
	@Order(value=62)
	public String publicationDate;

	@Element(name = "Publisher")
	@Order(value=63)
	public String publisher;

	@Element(name = "RegionCode")
	@Order(value=64)
	public String regionCode;

	@Element(name = "ReleaseDate")
	@Order(value=65)
	public String releaseDate;

	@Element(name = "RunningTime")
	@Order(value=66)
	public DecimalWithUnits runningTime;

	@Element(name = "SeikodoProductCode")
	@Order(value=67)
	public String seikodoProductCode;

	@Element(name = "Size")
	@Order(value=68)
	public String size;

	@Element(name = "SKU")
	@Order(value=69)
	public String sku;

	@Element(name = "Studio")
	@Order(value=70)
	public String studio;

	@Element(name = "SubscriptionLength")
	@Order(value=71)
	public NonNegativeIntegerWithUnits subscriptionLength;

	@Element(name = "Title")
	@Order(value=72)
	public String title;

	@Element(name = "TrackSequence")
	@Order(value=73)
	public String trackSequence;

	@Element(name = "TradeInValue")
	@Order(value=74)
	public Price tradeInValue;

	@Element(name = "UPC")
	@Order(value=75)
	public String upc;

	@Element(name = "UPCList")
	@Order(value=76)
	public UPCList upcList;

	@Element(name = "Warranty")
	@Order(value=77)
	public String warranty;

	@Element(name = "WEEETaxValue")
	@Order(value=78)
	public Price weeeTaxValue;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2 Gallon, Deluxe Watering Can. Made from sturdy plastic. Measurements displayed on the watering can for accurate filling.&nb..
The best selling 0.7 litre injection moulded plastic can with a round brass face rose. Engineered from premier grade, recycl..
Injection molded Heritage style plastic can with lattice hatch design to the sides. Supplied with a round brass face rose. E..
Engineered from high grade, recyclable plastic for wall strength and rigidity. Brass faced rose for fine spray - eliminates ..


text:
OT: Do any of you give in to the click-bait quizzes / can you guess / IQ Tests etc.
willhaven
My favorite quiz ever.
https://quizzes.clickhole.com/which-...you-1825124447
Don't even bother. You can't win.
Jobs created by the GOP: 1
"When you're attacking FBI agents because you're under criminal investigation, you're losing." -Sarah Huckabee Sanders
Flag a Post
The Report has been sent.
[OK]
The Spruce Goose used to be down here in Long Beach, and there's a SR-71 at the museum at March AFB (now March Air Reserve Base), so I've seen one of those too. I used to live on Merritt Island, which is where the Kennedy Space Center is, so not only have I seen static rocket displays, I've seen several launches - including one space shuttle launch that I observed from ~35,000 feet, and another mission that I saw both the launch of (at Canaveral) and the return to earth (at Edwards AFB).
I haven't seen a X-15 up-close though - that would be cool to see!
Lucky you. I'd love to see a big rocket take off. The Rumble!
I was at the World's Fair in Vancouper, BC (around 1986?) and a SR-71 did a low level flyover, peeling upward with full afterburners when it was over the fair. Completely unexpected and totally bitchen.
They post the next scheduled launch in the newspapers down there, but sometimes they'll do an unannounced launch for a military of NRO bird, and the first launch after I moved down there was one such launch. When the rumble started, I looked at everyone in the house and said "earthquake" and they all laughed - they really don't have earthquakes there, but a launch sure sounds like one!
Now I'M jealous - that must have been incredible!
Originally posted by Into Nation View Post
You know, the ads that show up challenging you to how smart you are?
I did a couple that really interested me, like ID these WW2 planes. For the most part though I ignore.
It's a pretty good idea though for clicks I think. Probably works.
Never. Ever. I've also never, ever answered an ad on Facebook, though I rarely use facebook at all any more.
But a funny thing happens when you get old. It's almost a natural progression to just not needing much stuff. The ads are easy to avoid because, honestly, they just don't interest me. I'm not their target demographic (nearly dead).


Today I celebrate 200 posts here at HTT&T, and I've decided to focus today's post on revisiting my 2018 goals as the year quickly draws to a close.
I worked on my new online business: Positive Psychology Lifestyle Coaching.
I continued working out from home with PiYO and other fitness programs.
I started running again, and attended one group run per week plus some solo runs.
I applied for a place in The Great North Run Half Marathon and was lucky enough to get one! I ran the event on September 10 of this year.
I attended meditation classes, but not always as frequently as I had planned (1-2 time/s per week was the goal).
I continued to work on my blogs and websites, creating new material such as articles and videos (for both Hot Tea Travel & Thyme and Bridget Hales. Com). However, my main focus was to complete my memoirs, so I spent the majority of my time on this.
One of my other goals was to continue the decluttering process: My mantra for 2018 was "Simplicity", and I have been finding great joy in minimizing my belongings by either throwing or giving things away that are no longer useful in our home. I successfully gave away many more items, particularly as we were relocating back to the USA after living in the UK for 20 months.
My final goal on the list (last but definitely not least) was to prioritize time for one-on-one connections with others. Things often get so busy, but the important things in life are relationships and communication with friends and loved ones. I've made sure to send parcels and packages, emails, cards, postcards, and text messages to friends and family as much as possible.
(There may be a few more I have forgotten to list here).
IT by Stephen King was on my Goals List for 2018. Why? Because I thought it would be great to "get out of my comfort zone" by reading fiction (when I almost always read non-fiction). Almost every book on my bookshelf is non-fiction; it is either a memoir or a textbook or some kind of reference/factual book. Unfortunately I just haven't been able to prioritize reading fiction this year, as I feel there has been a lot going on in other areas of my life. I will hold onto my copy of IT ("it" has remained on my bedside table for now)… and hopefully there will come a day where I get the time to enjoy some fiction.


text:
Q: combining two dictionaries additively on the values I have two JSON files which I want to combine. An an example, I have:
file1
{
    "counts":
    {
        "chemical_1": [100, 15.1],
        "chemical_2": [19.5]
    }
}

file2
{
    "counts":
    {
        "chemical_3": [100, 15.1],
        "chemical_4": [19.5]
    }
}

Now I want to combine it so that there is one file with:
{
    "counts":
    {
       "chemical_1": [100, 15.1],
       "chemical_2": [19.5],
       "chemical_3": [100, 15.1],
       "chemical_4": [19.5]
    }
}

So I tried something like:
with open('2.json') as f:
    y = json.load(f)

with open('1.json') as f:
    x = json.load(f)

merged = list(x.items()) + list(y.items())

This returns something like:
[('counts', {'chemical_1': [100, 15.1], 'chemical_2': [19.5]}),
 ('counts', {'chemical_3': [100, 15.1], 'chemical_4': [19.5]})]

How is it possible to get it to combine the values from the dictionary in an additive way?

A: You have to combine the count values of each, not the whole object. For that access the mappings name/values with x['count'] and unpack it with the other one in a new dict, on a new count key
merged = {'count': {**x['count'], **y['count']}}

You could also do
x['count'].update(y['count'])
# x is like merged in the other example

A: You can try update method as follows:
with open('2.json') as f:
    y = json.load(f)

with open('1.json') as f:
    x = json.load(f)

y["counts"].update(x["counts"])

Let me know if it helps.

A: Your question is very interesting.As we know, the json can be loaded as dict in python.And we found the two json have common key.
json one:
{
    "counts":
    {
        "chemical_1": [100, 15.1],
        "chemical_2": [19.5]
    }
}
json two:
{
    "counts":
    {
        "chemical_3": [100, 15.1],
        "chemical_4": [19.5]
    }
}

So we load two json in python.
with open('1.json') as f:
    dict1 = json.load(f)
with open('2.json') as f:
    dict2 = json.load(f)

Now our job is merge the value.
for k, v in dict2.items():
    if k in dict1.keys():
        dict1[k].update(v)

The output:
>>> dict1
{
    'counts':
        {'chemical_1': [100, 15.1],
         'chemical_2': [19.5],
         'chemical_3': [100, 15.1],
         'chemical_4': [19.5]
        }
}

A: Try:
with open('2.json') as f:
    y = json.load(f)

with open('1.json') as f:
    x = json.load(f)

x['counts'].update(y['counts'])
# OR
x3 = dict(list(d1.items()) + list(d2.items()))


How much is a CSA?
charged on card on the 1st of every month.
As a member of a CSA program with VanScoy Farms, I am making a financial commitment for the 2019 season to receive a weekly/biweekly produce box. I recognize that due to the inherent risks of farming, there are no guarantees on the exact amount of produce that I will receive due to weather extremes, insects, and/or other production factors. I am willing to share the risks of organic growing methods and reap the benefits along with the farmer. I understand that no refunds for CSA shares will be granted during the season. It is my responsibility to pick up my share at my selected pickup site during the designated time period or to send someone in my absence.


On Achill Island, Ireland, my family visited an in-progress archaeological dig (I think it was a Neolithic site). This picture is actually taken at or near the site, though the fog sort of swallows it all up. The figure is either my father or my brother and I the other can barely be seen farther into the fog. On our drive north from Achill a fox darted across the road, which made me rather happy.


While the Metro forecast only calls for a light snow this weekend, other parts of the state are not so lucky.
Roads were covered in snow Friday morning near the South Dakota border and other areas in the Central and Western part of Nebraska are expecting blizzard-like conditions.
Friday afternoon, Interstate 80 westbound was closed from North Platte; both directions of the I-80 were closed from Big Springs to the Wyoming border.
Visibility is terrible in many parts of Western Nebraska at this time.
I-80 is closed westbound at North Platte. It remain closed in both directions from Big Springs to the Wyoming state line.
A little closer to home, the city of Norfolk was bracing for heavy snow. In its snow emergency alert, the city was advising residents there to learn more about its snow removal process on the city's website .


Dave Crockett held a press conference Wednesday at the convention and trade center downtown to release a late fund-raising report and to declare himself a head taller than a lanky Andy Berke.
He reports just under F$13,000 in campaign contributions. Mr. Crockett says he is politically "challenged" while able to get people to act upon proposals and ideas that he works to push into the public conscience. The mainstream media in Chattanooga — led by the Times Free Press editorial pages — have endorsed Mr. Berke, who also has won endorsement of unions. Mr. Berke's fundraising has drawn 32x that of Mr. Crockett, and 17x more more than that of city councilman Larry Grohn.
When I initiated the expansion of this beautiful convention center, many said it was unnecessary. That we hadn't paid for the first one and we might not be able to fill it and didn't know how we could pay for it. The same was said for the entire Southside plan. It was all big talk, pie in the sky. You're standing in one of the flavors of "Dave's Pie Store".
We built it and paid for it and all the other major projects that you can see from here with the proceeds of merging the school system and passing the half cent sales tax. That raised the hundreds of millions of dollars to do all this development plus the acquisition of the Volunteer Site where VW now stands. All of those were said to be impossible.
Dreams. I initiated all of those and helped engineer their passage. That was only a part of my record of city wide accomplishments. While doing those things, I took care of my District 3 constituents by getting Greenway Farm for the public's use, expanding greenways and the Riverwalk in my district, initiating sewers in the entire district in Hixson and Highway 58, building the Hixson ballfield complex and replacing bridges and paving roads.
All of that was a great record of achievement, but that is only some of the tangible highlights. The heavy lifts were meeting with every major organization in Chattanooga in the first 90 days I was in office to get their agreement to create and integrated, strategic plan focused on the emerging economic, educational, research and urban revitalizing opportunities driven by a call for changes in transportation, manufacturing, urban development, energy, water and practically every aspect of our lives.
That effort was announced in the local media ninety days after I took office and was completed and adopted by every major organization and government one year after I took office. That was the first strategic plan for the entire city and region with a tight focus. That gave the city an identity nationwide and around the world that brought hundreds of delegations to Chattanooga and ultimately played a significant part in billions of dollars of investment, thousands of jobs and a lot of what we see today.
The point is that from the seat of a councilman I had one of the best records of accomplishment of any local elected officials — council, commissioners, mayors in Hamilton County history and the THE best record on taxes with three tax cuts of 50 cents each.
I did that as a councilman, not a mayor. My fund raising for those three terms and running for mayor was one of the lowest of any elected official ever. The total I have ever raised wouldn't add up to ONE fundraiser for the current mayor. All my campaigns have been grass-roots. I'm great at raising millions and hundreds of millions for the city, but challenged at asking for money for a campaign.
It's much more personal. My fund raising this time is more modest than I had hoped, but I never had an expectation that a mayor's race should cost much more than a hundred thousand dollars. We came nowhere close to that with the pressure of the mayor's war chest. The summary of all that is that: I am vision and performance gifted and politically challenged.
That is the mirror image of the mayor. He has raised over a million dollars in his bids for mayor, but has a dubious performance resume. I got the entire city to adopt a plan that I sponsored. The mayor has been almost unavailable for the same group. I passed two ballot initiatives that were said to be impossible for the merger of the schools and the half cent sales tax.
He barely comments on major changes like the tax inequity of the city residents paying county taxes and not receiving the same benefits and the unincorporated areas. Although important, the mayor's baby step programs aren't transformational. But, give him his due. He is a fundraising machine and politically savvy. He will always do what is best for him and his political career. The mayor is politically gifted and performance challenged.
While I have one of the best records of accomplishment ever. The mayor has set records for money raised for his personal campaigns and handling scandal in the mayor's office. I bring this up now because this a contest of performance and vision for the future not personal, political fund raising. The voters will choose between vision and performance versus political fundraising.


Make the most of your Dubrovnik Holiday from Villa Riva Apartments in Slano.
The Franciscan Church of St. Jerome, one of the nicest in the region, dates from the 15th century. A road from Slano leads to Zavala in Herzegovina, the location of the famed 'Vjetrenica' karst cave (20 kilometres away). A range of excursions to nearby islands and surrounding towns are easily arranged from Slano.


text:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Management.Automation;
using Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands;
using System.Management.Automation.Host;
using System.Management.Automation.Internal;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Security.AccessControl;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using DWORD = System.UInt32;
using BOOL = System.UInt32;
using FILETIME = System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME;

namespace Microsoft.PowerShell
{
    internal static class SecurityUtils
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// gets the size of a file
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="filePath"> path to file </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> file size  </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static long GetFileSize(string filePath)
        {
            long size = 0;

            using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
            {
                size = fs.Length;
            }

            return size;
        }

#if false
        /// <summary>
        /// throw if file is smaller than 4 bytes in length
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="filePath"> path to file </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> Does not return a value </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static void CheckIfFileSmallerThan4Bytes(string filePath)
        {
            if (GetFileSize(filePath) < 4)
            {
                string message =
                    StringUtil.Format(
                        UtilsStrings.FileSmallerThan4Bytes,
                        new object[] { filePath }
                    );

                throw PSTraceSource.NewArgumentException(message, "path");
                /*
                // 2004/10/22-JonN The above form of the constructor
                //  no longer exists.  This should probably be as below,
                //  however I have not tested this.  This method is not
                //  used so I have removed it.
                throw PSTraceSource.NewArgumentException(
                        "path",
                        "Utils",
                        "FileSmallerThan4Bytes",
                        filePath
                        );
                */
            }
        }
#endif

        /// <summary>
        /// present a prompt for a SecureString data
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="hostUI"> ref to host ui interface </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="prompt"> prompt text </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> user input as secure string </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static SecureString PromptForSecureString(PSHostUserInterface hostUI,
                                                           string prompt)
        {
            SecureString ss = null;

            hostUI.Write(prompt);
            ss = hostUI.ReadLineAsSecureString();
            hostUI.WriteLine("");

            return ss;
        }

#if !CORECLR
        /// <summary>
        /// get plain text string from a SecureString
        ///
        /// This function will not be required once all of the methods
        /// that we call accept a SecureString. The list below has
        /// classes/methods that will be changed to accept a SecureString
        /// after Whidbey beta1
        ///
        /// -- X509Certificate2.Import (String, String, X509KeyStorageFlags)
        ///    (DCR #33007 in the DevDiv Schedule db)
        ///
        /// -- NetworkCredential(string, string);
        ///
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="ss"> input data </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> a string representing clear-text equivalent of ss  </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        [ArchitectureSensitive]
        internal static string GetStringFromSecureString(SecureString ss)
        {
            IntPtr p = Marshal.SecureStringToGlobalAllocUnicode(ss);
            string s = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(p);

            Marshal.ZeroFreeGlobalAllocUnicode(p);

            return s;
        }
#endif

        /*
        /// <summary>
        /// display sec-desc of a file
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="sd"> file security descriptor </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> Does not return a value </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static void ShowFileSd(FileSecurity sd)
        {
                string userName = null;
                FileSystemRights rights = 0;
                AccessControlType aceType = 0;

                rules = sd.GetAccessRules(true, false, typeof(NTAccount));

                foreach (FileSystemAccessRule r in rules)
                {
                    userName = r.IdentityReference.ToString();
                    aceType  = r.AccessControlType;
                    rights = r.FileSystemRights;

                    Console.WriteLine("{0} : {1} : {2}",
                                      userName,
                                      aceType.ToString(),
                                      rights.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
        */

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="resourceStr"> resource string </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="errorId"> error identifier </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="args"> replacement params for resource string formatting </param>
        ///
        /// <returns>  </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static
        ErrorRecord CreateFileNotFoundErrorRecord(string resourceStr,
                                                  string errorId,
                                                  params object[] args)
        {
            string message =
                StringUtil.Format(
                    resourceStr,
                    args
                );

            FileNotFoundException e =
                new FileNotFoundException(message);

            ErrorRecord er =
                new ErrorRecord(e,
                                errorId,
                                ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
                                null);

            return er;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="path"> path that was not found </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="errorId"> error identifier </param>
        ///
        /// <returns> ErrorRecord instance </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static
        ErrorRecord CreatePathNotFoundErrorRecord(string path,
                                                  string errorId)
        {
            ItemNotFoundException e =
                new ItemNotFoundException(path, "PathNotFound", SessionStateStrings.PathNotFound);

            ErrorRecord er =
                new ErrorRecord(e,
                                errorId,
                                ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
                                null);

            return er;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create an error record for 'operation not supported' condition
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="resourceStr"> resource string </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="errorId"> error identifier </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="args"> replacement params for resource string formatting </param>
        ///
        /// <returns>  </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static
        ErrorRecord CreateNotSupportedErrorRecord(string resourceStr,
                                                  string errorId,
                                                  params object[] args)
        {
            string message = StringUtil.Format(resourceStr, args);

            NotSupportedException e =
                new NotSupportedException(message);

            ErrorRecord er =
                new ErrorRecord(e,
                                errorId,
                                ErrorCategory.NotImplemented,
                                null);

            return er;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create an error record for 'operation not supported' condition
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="e"> exception to include in ErrorRecord </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="errorId"> error identifier </param>
        ///
        /// <returns>  </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static
        ErrorRecord CreateInvalidArgumentErrorRecord(Exception e,
                                                     string errorId)
        {
            ErrorRecord er =
                new ErrorRecord(e,
                                errorId,
                                ErrorCategory.InvalidArgument,
                                null);

            return er;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// convert the specified provider path to a provider path
        /// and make sure that all of the following is true:
        /// -- it represents a FileSystem path
        /// -- it points to a file
        /// -- the file exists
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <param name="cmdlet"> cmdlet instance </param>
        ///
        /// <param name="path"> provider path </param>
        ///
        /// <returns>
        /// filesystem path if all conditions are true,
        /// null otherwise
        /// </returns>
        ///
        /// <remarks>  </remarks>
        ///
        internal static string GetFilePathOfExistingFile(PSCmdlet cmdlet,
                                                         string path)
        {
            string resolvedProviderPath = cmdlet.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath(path);
            if (Utils.NativeFileExists(resolvedProviderPath))
            {
                return resolvedProviderPath;
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }
}


Me gustó mucho.. es sencillo pero cómodo!! muy buena opción!!! yo ocupé la habitación mas sencilla y no tuve ningún problema!
We enjoyed 5 nights at this lovely hotel. Once we arrived e were treated very politely. They took care of our check in and was shown to our spacious room. The food was very good but you have to remember the food is authentic to the area & not westernized food that you may be used to from your country. It was different, but delicious just the same. Highly recommend this hotel to stay, explore and eat at!


Eufònic is a four-day festival around the sound and visual arts that takes place in Sant Carles de la Ràpita and, from mid-August to mid-September, it expands with artistic installations to various spaces of Ebre river land: Amposta, Miravet, Tortosa, Ulldecona and Vinaròs villages. Eufonic are exceptional arts in its broadest sense: audiovisual performances, workshops, installations in museums, sound actions, kid-friendly activities and concerts in unique spaces.
The eight edition of the festival in Terres de l'Ebre will took place from September 5th to 8th, 2019. The sixth edition of Eufònic Urbà, the urban extension of the festival in Barcelona, will be held at Arts Santa Mònica art center from January 31 to February 2, 2019, presenting some of the A/V performances and experimental works that were created in the september edition.
All image and intellectual property rights are reserved.


"We are really looking forward to helping our customers implement this technology which will allow them to sharpen their competitive edge."
Digital Metal's DM P2500 metal 3D printer.
Metal additive manufacturing company, Digital Metal has announced the second installation of its high-precision metal 3D printer at Cetim, the Technical Centre for Mechanical Industry in France.
Cetim, a leading technical organisation with close to its 6,500 subscribing companies, was one of the first recipients of a Digital Metal system back in 2017 at its site in Saint-Étienne. Now, it has started up another machine at its sister facility in Cluses, which is focused on digitalisation, lean manufacturing and environmental issues.
"The Digital Metal binder jetting technology fits the production requirements in our region perfectly. Our customers typically produce complex parts with high demands on quality for the automotive, medical and aeronautic industries," says Thierry Gautreau, responsible for Industry 4.0 and companies transformation support at Cetim Cluses. "Digital Metal's binder jetting technology is state-of-the-art and can create complicated and highly detailed designs. Another advantage is that there is a potential for wider material choices than with AM processes like SLM that use melting. We are delighted to be able to offer this to the companies we work with."
The Cluses facility is located in a region with a long production heritage of small and complex parts for industries such as watchmaking. Fittingly, Digital Metal's technology is a proprietary binder jetting process which delivers high precision printing at an accuracy of 1µm for small and intricate metal components and has enabled the production of more than 300,000 parts so far. Its DM P2500 machine was officially launched at TCT Show back in 2017 and has already been installed within organisations such as Cetim and The Manufacturing Technology Cenre in the UK.
Gautreau added: "The first printer installed by our sister company in Saint Étienne has lived up to all our expectations. And now we are really looking forward to helping our customers implement this technology which will allow them to sharpen their competitive edge."


text:
Dodgers: Matt Harvey Should Be Off the Dodgers' Radar
By Michael Wittman
NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 14: Matt Harvey #33 of the New York Mets pitches in the first inning against the Milwaukee Brewers at Citi Field on April 14, 2018 in the Flushing neighborhood of the Queens borough of New York City. (Photo by Jim McIsaac/Getty Images) /
The Dodgers may and very well should be looking for options to upgrade their bullpen and bolster their starting rotation depth but Matt Harvey should not be an option for the Dodgers.
The Mets designated Matt Harvey for assignment on Friday after he refused to accept a minor league demotion. The move signals the likely end with the Mets for a pitcher who once seemed to be destined for an illustrious career. It seemed like it was yesterday when he was seen as an intricate part of the Mets' three-headed monster of Degrom, Syndergaard, and Harvey.
While there is always a chance that Harvey could revert to form with a change of scenery, he should not be on the Dodgers' radar. For one, Scott Boras has already indicated that Harvey is not an option for another teams bullpen. Any hopes of Harvey being the next Brandon Morrow for the Dodgers are just a pipe dream.
Matt Harvey is just a big name at this point, but there is not much substance to his game anymore. His velocity is down, command has worsened, and he has given up an average of ten hits per nine innings over the last three seasons. Unless there is a hidden injury that is holding Harvey back, his career appears cooked. His off the field antics are not helping his case either as he's been a problem for Mets management.
More from LA Dodgers News
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Recapping who Dodgers gained and lost in Rule 5 Draft
While the Dodgers have lost Hyun-Jin Ryu until after the all-star break, the Dodgers have better in-house candidates to stick in their rotation. Matt Harvey has not been good for a very long time. The last successful season that Matt Harvey had was back in 2015 when he posted a 2.71 ERA and won thirteen games for the Mets. Since then Harvey has posted ERA's of 4.86, 6.70, and 7.00. It's clear that Harvey is getting worse as the seasons go on.
The Dodgers have some solid internal options for their rotation if Walker Buehler is going to be limited by innings. Brock Stewart has always had good stuff and shown flashes of brilliance at times. He is getting too old to be considered a prospect, so this would be the ideal time to give him a longer look in the big league rotation. The Dodgers also have Ross Stripling, although he appears to be too valuable in the bullpen to move to the rotation. The Dodgers should stick with Walker Buehler, he has too good of stuff and has a chance to be this year's Cody Bellinger type impact rookie.
Next: Is it time to worry about Clayton Kershaw?
Then there is always the chance that the Dodgers could add a starter later this season if need be. Julio Urias should be back before the trade deadline so the Dodgers can stick with a combo of Buehler, Stewart, and Stripling for the immediate future. It's time the Dodgers trust their own younger players rather than reaching out for a mediocre outside option. Matt Harvey may be a big name, but the Dodgers should avoid him and stick with their internal relief and starting candidates.
Cody BellingerDodgers Spring TrainingLA Dodgers News


text:
LegalTrac
SJQ Moot Court Team Roundup
Nevertheless, neither of the twin disciplines would exist as such have been it not for the emergence of national authorized positivism on each side of the Atlantic. National legal histories developed as the dominant paradigm of the nineteenth century and for probably the most part of the 20 th.
On Hart's view, the rule of recognition is authoritative in advantage of a convention among officers to regard its standards as standards that govern their behavior as officers. While Joseph Raz doesn't appear to endorse Hart's view about a grasp rule of recognition containing the factors of validity, he also believes the validity standards are authoritative solely in virtue of a convention among officers. Philosophy of law (or legal philosophy) is worried with offering a basic philosophical analysis of legislation and legal institutions. Issues within the area vary from summary conceptual questions concerning the nature of legislation and legal systems to normative questions concerning the relationship between law and morality and the justification for various legal institutions. Daily intensive classes with Boston College Law School college on legal reasoning and communication, together with oral and written tasks.
As far as politics is concerned, Grotius is most often thought of not so much as having introduced new concepts, but quite as one who has launched a brand new means of approaching political problems. Not solely was the legality of preserving the prize questionable under Dutch statute, but a faction of shareholders (principally Mennonite) in the Company also objected to the forceful seizure on moral grounds, and of course, the Portuguese demanded the return of their cargo. The scandal led to a public judicial listening to and a wider marketing campaign to sway public (and international) opinion.[citation needed] It was in this wider context that representatives of the Company known as upon Grotius to draft a polemical defence of the seizure. To present SMU regulation students with significant alternatives to develop necessary professional values and expertise as they work collaboratively with one another, supervising school, and volunteer attorneys.
Another glorious sources for looking up information on the legal system in a selected country are the Foreign Law Guide and GlobaLex. A subscription database available via the library, it offers information on the authorized historical past of each country and the way the judicial system in each nation works. Each nation's entry permits lists the important sources of legislation–codes, gazettes, courtroom reviews–and lists essential items of legislation by subject. In the past, some people thought it amusing to paint rabbits and chicks with artifical dye to advertise gross sales through the spring.
The inevitable end result of such struggles, on this view, is a profound inconsistency permeating the deepest layers of the regulation. It is that this pervasive inconsistency that provides rise to radical indeterminacy in the law. For insofar because the legislation is inconsistent, a decide can justify any of numerous conflicting outcomes. The crucial legal research (CLS) movement attempts to broaden the novel elements of legal realism into a Marxist critique of mainstream liberal jurisprudence.
One courtroom member was sentenced to ten years in prison, and others obtained shorter sentences. Common regulation usually refers to laws which are based on the customs and ideas of society, which are used in court docket case decisions in conditions not lined by civil law statutes.
The dynamic social and economic setting means that food methods invoke law in a number of methods and across a number of jurisdictions, and consequently, it's an extremely complicated institutional environment that few, if any, people understand in its entirety. Many disciplines are participating in food system analysis however given the significance of meals in our on a regular basis lives, it calls for rising consideration from law and society students. This CRN facilitates the interdisciplinary analysis required by this complex area of research. Working both throughout the LSA and Eastern Europe, this CRN aims to prepare panels for LSA annual meetings and welcomes papers on any aspects or problems with legislation and society in Eastern Europe. The CRN additionally aims to advertise and facilitate participation in regulation and society scholarship initiatives situated in Eastern Europe.
Posted in legal analystTagged legaltrac
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Two cakes, two outfit changes, two, maybe three goodie bags. The weekend of many parties. So many parties that I could hardly keep it all straight and almost showed up two hours early for one. Whoops.
I have plenty of things on my to do list but I'm recovering tonight from all the time I spent in the last few days cutting felt into tiny pieces. Today's birthdays were for two of Chase's very special friends so we made some very special gifts. Chase even helped me do some sewing on the machine.
The thing about making surprises is the waiting. As soon as I pull stuff off the machine I want to run right out and give it to the intended recipient. Sometimes before I even cut off the threads and finish up properly. These two projects didn't involve too much sewing but I did kill an entire bottle of fabric glue.
Our first project had a few parts. It never occurred to me that kitchen equipment might not be appropriate for an eight year old. Yes? No? How can you make lemondade without a lemon juicer? Did you know that they carried a plastic lemonade stand kit this summer at Target? I was thinking about turning this into a tutorial. Maybe others would like to give it a try.
We also included a bag of lemons and a set of stick-on felt numbers for setting the price. Maybe I should have put a dollar sign there considering that a cup of fresh squeezed lemonade will run you three bucks at the market.
For the afternoon rumpus (you should have seen the party favors!!) we made a little warning sign for a bedroom door. I cheated a little and used some of the letters that came in the pack of stick-ons. There's a limit to how many letters I can cut out freehand.
I forgot to take a picture when it was all done. Maybe if the birthday girl likes it she'll send me one?? We decided it would be better with a white backing so Chase helped me stitch it on. She made the cards too.
We had to leave the second party early. The girl was all partied out. I guess she wanted to rush home so she could get to work on eating the glow stick she got in a goodie bag. Don't worry, they're not toxic. I still can't believe she did that.
Between parties I put up a hook in the basement and put up the hammock swing! Yes, THAT hammock swing. The one I made Ben hump all the way back from Mexico FOUR years ago and that has been sitting in the basement ever since. Ever since Chelsea told me what happened to hers (the story ends with the swing in the garbage) I was determined to get it out of its original packaging.
It took me like two seconds. I hate stuff like that. The girls think it's lots of fun. I can't believe how fast Chase can spin herself in there! It's just right for her.
2 parties with 2 handmade presents, after just returning from a vacation (driving) to Canada?! Then you hang the hammock swing in between parties?! I understand it might have been quick to install, but that you had the energy and inspiration to do anything but sit down and veg out for a few moments is amazing! The Stupendous Stephanie Strikes Again!


text:
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From the Mayflower to King Philip's Indian War
by sward | Dec 2, 2020 | Adult, Featured | 0 comments
Tuesday, January 12th, 7pm
November 2020 marked the 400th Anniversary of the Pilgrims landing in Plymouth and establishing the first permanent colonial settlement in the New World. Crucial to their success was the friendship of Wampanoag leader Massasoit. Ironically, Massasoit's son Metacom, also known as Philip, went to war with the colonies to try and regain their tribal land. This war, known as King Philip's War, had the highest casualty rate per capita of any war fought by Americans including the Civil War. The war was also the first major war in America.
While most Americans understand the significance of the landing of the Mayflower and the first Thanksgiving with Massasoit, few are aware of the war and it ramifications. Join us virtually as NY Times bestselling author Michael Tougias gives a slide presentation on this topic. He will also discuss the landing of the Mayflower, the hardships they faced, mistakes they made, and the help of Squanto and Samoset.
Tougias is the author and co-author of 30 non-fiction books including the national bestsellers Rescue of the Bounty, A Storm Too Soon, Overboard! The Finest Hours: The True Story of the Coast Guard's Most Daring Rescue (now a Disney movie), So Close to Home: An American Family's Fight for Survival During WWII and his award-winning book, There's A Porcupine In My Outhouse! (Misadventures of a Mountain Man Wannabe). His book, Ten Hours Until Dawn: The True Story of Heroism and Tragedy Aboard the Can Do is the recipient of the American Library Association "Editors Choice" award. His latest books are Above & Beyond: JFK and America's Most Dangerous Spy Mission, and a memoir titled The Waters Between Us: A Boy, A Father, Outdoor Misadventures and the Healing Power of Nature. More about the author can be found at www.michaeltougias.com.
This program is sponsored by the Friends of the Norfolk Public Library.
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Does anyone really watch shows on television when they are on? Or have we all moved over to the 'on demand' services, where you decide what you watch, when and how many episodes (usually all of them, am I right?!)? The difficulty in this is choosing which service is best for you. Should you invest in Netflix, Hulu or Amazon Prime – which has the best choice and bang for your buck?
If we start by looking at the difference in prices, we are confronted by a huge choice of different tiers and packages from the three main providers.
Netflix starts at $7.99, and the only thing you miss out on is simultaneous streaming on multiple devices (which is something you need if you wanted to share a plan in your house – watching Orange is the New Black in bed while your housemate watches Making a Murderer in the bath!) and HD streaming. The most popular plan is the $9.99 standard plan where you can watch two screens at once and view in HD. The top price $11.99 Premium plan offers four screens and the chance to watch shows in Ultra HD when it is available.
Interestingly, Netflix also offers a DVD plan – something that seems quite a niche when DVD sales are so minimal now (mainly because of services such as Netflix, ironically!), but this does expand the choice of films beyond the streaming service. If you are only looking to borrow two DVD discs in a month, the $4.99 plan is ideal, but anything more can scale up your cost anywhere up to $19.99 although a lot of that does depend on whether you prefer Blu-rays or standard DVDs.
Amazon Prime may cost $99 a year (there are discounts for students!), but there are other benefits that come alongside the TV shows and films available – such as free two-day shipping on a load of items, the Kindle Owner's Lending Library and even Prime Music. These perks more than make up for the $8 a month, upfront cost! If you are not 100% sold, you can always try the 30-day free trial.
Hulu has a different approach again, offering a basic package at $7.99 or an ad-free option for $11.99 – add $8.99 onto those, and you can also access content from Showtime. Unfortunately, you are only able to stream on one device, that said, they do have the perk of offering some taster episodes for free (including South Park and Scandal to name just two) to whet your appetite!
Another huge factor is the choice of shows available. Hulu offers a lot of brand new shows a day or so after they air for the first time, with Amazon Prime a little further behind, usually showing shows five days after they air and a very limited selection. Netflix certainly does not boast timeliness although this does make binge-watching full seasons much easier.
When it comes to original shows, Netflix is a clear winner, with award-winning shows such as Orange is the New Black and The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. For shows that have only been available on one streaming platform, and never on national television, the popularity of programs such as these is groundbreaking! That is not to say that either of the other two does not offer original content, just that it is not really anything of huge note. If you want to be kept up to date with new shows, Hulu is ideal, but for whole series' of something original, Netflix is king.
When it comes to choosing, it certainly is a difficult decision (I wonder if Sophie's Choice is on any of them?!) but there are plenty of pros and cons to weigh up. Amazon is the best value money-wise but sits in the middle of Hulu's timely replays of recent shows, and Netflix' amazing original series. That said, Hulu is full of ads which seem to counteract the point of shunning "proper" television watching and can get pretty annoying. Netflix' choice is limited but some of the things they host, especially their own, are pretty awesome and, well, "Hulu and Chill" doesn't sound as good.


Hey there, friends! How was your weekend? Mine was fairly low key and uneventful. Which I wasn't too upset about since today is my first "official" day back to work. It's so hard to believe that our school year is going to be starting in less than a month. I will say this, though, I'm really starting to feel energized and ready to get organized for a new year. This past year felt like it completely got away from me - no snow days, moving, personal life - I felt like I couldn't get my head above water. I'm already feeling more like myself and put together - which is a huge relief!
New pom pom earrings and a statement tassel necklace - I can't wait to style these in some upcoming outfit posts. I love that turquoise and yellow together!
This is the outfit that I wore to church yesterday. The dress is from a great shop in Nashville called Molly Green that I've been raving about over on instagram.
Do you ever find treasures in the most unexpected places? That would be the case with this dress. There's a really interesting (read: sketchy) discount store in the town where I used to live. I like to pop in every couple of months because sometimes you get lucky and find amazing off-the-shoulder, floral print dresses with bell sleeves.
If you follow on Snapchat then you saw my short LipSense review yesterday. If not, add me and get in the loop! The sweetest LipSense consultant (hi, Sarah!) reached out about gifting me a kit to try. Y'all know what a beauty junkie I am so I jumped at the chance. I had thought all along, before trying it, that it was a gimmick. Not at all - this stuff is legit. I'll be doing a full review soon!
I am loving those Pom Pom earrings! Going to have to go order some! Love those for summer. I am so glad you are loving the LipSense!!


Simon van der Stel was the first Governor of the Dutch Cape Colony, holding office from 1691 until 1699. The town of Stellenbosch, founded in 1679, was named after him. Widely considered as father of the Cape wine industry, van der Stel was also the first Governor to be of mixed race-origin. His mother, Maria, was the daughter of an emancipated Indian slave – a fact largely unacknowledged by the previous regime.
The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Reformed Church, established in 1550 by the reformer John Calvin. They were habitually persecuted for their religious beliefs. In 1598, Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes which brought to an end the Wars of Religion. But after Henry IV was murdered in 1610, the discrimination of the "heretics" resumed under the guidance of Cardinal Richelieu, whose sole objective was the extermination of all Huguenots. In 1685, Louis XIV renounced the Edict and declared Protestantism illegal, dictating that all Protestants should convert to Catholicism. At least 250,000 Huguenots fled the country in order that they could enjoy religious freedom.
Between 1688 and 1689, the Dutch East India Company organised large-scale emigration to the Cape, since the Hugeunots shared the same religious beliefs. Most were also highly skilled tradesmen or farmers – some bringing experience in viticulture – giving the Dutch another more commercial motive in helping to develop their fledgling colony.
Simon van der Stel set aside land for the Huguenots along the Berg River valley, which included Franschhoek ('French corner') and present-day Paarl. He gave orders for the French to be interspersed with the other burghers, reasoning that this assimilation would allow them 'to learn our language and morals, and be integrated with the Dutch nation'. By 1692, some 201 French Huguenots had settled in the Cape.
The initial years of settlement were difficult. The French had to accustom themselves to a land and climate different to what they knew. They had to cultivate virgin land and fight off lions, leopards and elephants. As time progressed, they increased their vineyards and orchards and became part of their new fatherland, quickly proving their conscientious and industrious nature, with their efforts leading to a marked improvement in the quality of Cape wines.
Within just two generations French ceased to exist as their home language and, after 1707, it was banned altogether in official communications with the Dutch authorities. Though their native tongue was lost after only a short time, the contribution these refugees made is firmly written into South African history. Today, some 40 Huguenot surnames survive, with many farms still bearing their original French names.