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Over the past five years, PPM has identified a developing loss trend involving anesthesia-administered sedation/general anesthesia for endoscopic procedures, including catastrophic complications resulting in brain damage and death. To date, PPM has paid losses approaching $5 million from endoscopic anesthesia claims. Additional cases involving significant injuries from endoscopic anesthesia procedures are pending. In this issue, we highlight several cases involving allegations against PPM insured anesthesia providers for injuries resulting from the administration of deep sedation/general anesthesia with propofol. We also offer some risk management strategies to avoid and minimize patient injuries and potential liability resulting from the administration of endoscopic anesthesia. Finally, in the Underwriter's Spotlight, we address the potential increased liability exposure to anesthesia practice groups whose anesthesia providers practice outside of the group, often described as "moonlighting."
Catastrophic Complications During Endoscopy
Traditionally, endoscopy was performed with conscious sedation typically with the administration of a benzodiazepine and a narcotic by the endoscopist or a nurse. However, in the past decade, anesthesia-administered deep sedation with propofol for endoscopy has increased. Benefits associated with deep sedation with propofol include, but are not limited to: decreased surgical stimulation and pain, shorter recovery time, and increased patient satisfaction. However, the administration of deep sedation also potentially increases the risk for adverse events and catastrophic complications.
As highlighted in the following cases, endoscopic anesthesia claims and litigation often involve allegations of inappropriate patient assessment and selection. Another common allegation is over-sedation causing bradycardia and adverse respiratory events resulting in brain damage and death.
A 64 year-old male patient, ASA III, with a medical history including morbid obesity (BMI 44), hypertension and diabetes presented for an elective colonoscopy. The patient's wife reported her husband snored and obstructed during sleep; however, he had not been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). General anesthesia with propofol (400 mg), lidocaine and oxygen (O2) via nasal cannula at 4 liters/min was administered. Lights in the procedure room were dimmed. Approximately 15 minutes into the procedure, the endoscopist noted intermittent ectopy with bigeminy and hypotension followed by bradycardia. The patient's heart rate (HR) dropped into the 50s and remained there until the colonoscopy was finished.
When the lights were turned back on, the patient was noted to be "ruddy with a darkened complexion." The O2 saturation (sat) was 75% with HR of 49. The O2 was increased to 8 liters/min and mask ventilation was initiated. The O2 sat dropped to 49% and bradycardia turned to asystole. A code blue was called and resuscitation measures were employed, but the patient eventually went into ventricular fibrillation (v-fib). The patient was defibrillated twice before return of spontaneous circulation. The patient was intubated and acidotic with a pCO2 = 90.
The patient was transferred to ICU and cooling protocol was initiated. CT scan confirmed diffuse brain swelling. The patient never regained consciousness. The patient's family withdrew supportive measures and the patient expired one week post-procedure.
The patient's wife and three adult children sued the PPM insured anesthesiologist and the anesthesia practice group. The patient's family alleged the anesthesiologist was negligent for failing to place an airway for the colonoscopy procedure based on the patient's history that included an ASA III physical status classification, short neck, BMI = 44 (5'10", 310 lbs.) and self-reported suspected OSA. The patient's family also alleged the anesthesiologist was negligent in the administration of propofol resulting in over-sedation, bradycardia and pulseless electrical activity (PEA). The patient's family further alleged the anesthesiologist was negligent in failing to recognize evolving respiratory depression, hypercarbia and respiratory acidosis.
Plaintiff's anesthesiology expert, Corey A. Burchman, MD, York, Pennsylvania, testified selecting intravenous anesthesia (IVA) with propofol for this patient was in compliance with the standard of care. However, when the patient started having problems, the anesthesiologist should have taken action such as placement of a face mask, a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or intubation. Plaintiffs' expert testified further the anesthesiologist was not vigilant and failed to (1) observe the patient's chest rise and fall, (2) use capnography (there were no ETCO2 readings or notes recorded in the anesthesia record), and (3) pay attention to alarms or the patient's skin color and overall appearance.
Plaintiffs' initial settlement demand was $1.8 million. PPM's defense counsel's evaluation of the potential jury verdict exposure was $1.4 million with a recommended settlement value of $1 million. With the PPM's insured anesthesiologist's consent, PPM negotiated a $970,000 settlement.
A 46 year-old female patient with a medical history significant for morbid obesity, hypertension, asthma, abnormal cardiac rhythm and diverticulitis presented for an elective colonoscopy. A PPM insured certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) assessed the patient and designated her as an "ASA I." The CRNA provided monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with sedation with 2 mg Versed and 100 mg propofol at the start of the case.
The patient tolerated the procedure and anesthetic without any initial complications. However, O2 via nasal cannula was increased twice and additional propofol was administered in response to the patient moving. Immediately thereafter, the patient started snoring with a partially obstructed airway.
As the endoscopist was finishing the procedure, he announced he forgot to check something and retroflexed the colonoscope looking for internal hemorrhoids. At that moment, the patient experienced profound bradycardia, then asystole. A code blue was initiated, the CRNA intubated the patient and the supervising anesthesiologist was called to assist. When the anesthesiologist arrived, it was noted the esophagus was intubated; however, a second laryngoscopy resulted in tracheal intubation. The patient was transferred to the ER where echocardiography showed a lack of right-sided heart contractility. The patient was transferred to another hospital via life flight and was diagnosed with severe and permanent brain damage.
Following the code, the endoscopist authored an operative note indicating the patient suffered respiratory arrest or distress caused by "over-sedation." The endoscopist's operative note failed to mention reintroduction of the scope may have precipitated the bradycardia and cardiac arrest.
The patient's husband and minor son sued the PPM insured CRNA and the anesthesia practice group. The patient's family alleged the CRNA negligently administered an excessive amount of anesthesia without timely, adequate or appropriate monitoring. The patient's family alleged further the CRNA failed to maintain the patient's O2 saturation and airway, and also failed to timely and appropriately perform resuscitative measures to prevent the patient from suffering catastrophic and permanent brain damage.
The plaintiffs' anesthesiology expert, James Pepple, MD, Havre de Grace, Maryland, and two CRNA experts testified the PPM insured CRNA breached the standard of care. The experts testified the CRNA was negligent in failing to fully appreciate and appropriately assess the patient's various medical conditions and history. The experts testified further the patient should have been designated an ASA III, rather than an "ASA I." The experts also testified an appropriate assessment of the patient should have resulted in a higher degree of vigilance when monitoring the patient's respiratory effort (there were no ETCO2 readings or notes recorded in the anesthesia record), heart rate, and pulse.
Several expert anesthesiologists retained by the defense were unable to support the anesthetic care in this case. PPM's defense counsel evaluated this as a case of liability with significant damage exposure, including past medical expenses in excess of $600,000 and future medical expenses in the millions of dollars. Based on the lack of expert support and defense counsel's recommendation for settlement, the anesthesia practice group consented and PPM resolved this case for $1.7 million.
A 76 year-old male patient with a medical history significant for obesity, probable OSA, orthopnea, dyspnea upon exertion, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction = 35%), congestive heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, adult onset diabetes, anemia, and status post coronary bypass surgery presented for an elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. On admission to the endoscopy center, the patient's O2 saturation was 86%. However, this abnormal O2 saturation was not evaluated further or communicated to the PPM insured anesthesiologist. The patient was designated an ASA III by the anesthesiologist following his pre-anesthesia evaluation.
Prior to the start of the case, the anesthesiologist discussed the patient's multiple co-morbidities and risks with the endoscopist. The endoscopist assured the anesthesiologist it was "safe to proceed."
Soon after the case started, the patient was given two 40 mg doses of propofol and within a few minutes he became hypoxic and bradycardic. The anesthesiologist administered ephedrine to treat the bradycardia, but it quickly progressed to PEA. A code was called and resuscitation was attempted with atropine and epinephrine. The patient was transported to the hospital with CPR in progress. Spontaneous circulation was restored en route to the hospital. However, the patient never regained consciousness and was diagnosed with profound hypoxic brain damage. Two weeks post-procedure, the patient's family withdrew mechanical ventilation and the patient expired.
The patient's wife sued the PPM insured anesthesiologist, the endoscopist and the endoscopy center. The patient's wife alleged the patient's procedure should have been performed in a hospital, if at all, and should have been deferred because of the low O2 saturation (86%) noted on admission that persisted despite supplemental O2.
The plaintiff's unnamed anesthesiology expert (in some states plaintiffs are not required to identify their experts until the time of trial) submitted an affidavit with the filing of the lawsuit. The plaintiff's expert opined that because of the patient's complex medical history, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, the patient was not an acceptable patient for a freestanding endoscopy center. Furthermore, when it was discovered his baseline oxygen saturation was only 86%, the procedure should have been cancelled and an evaluation of his respiratory and cardiac status initiated. The expert also opined the patient's low baseline O2 saturation placed him at grave risk of becoming hypoxic. The expert further opined one of the effects of propofol is to lower the respiratory rate. Therefore, it was medically probable the patient would become hypoxic. According to the expert, a baseline O2 saturation of only 86% provided no safe margin for an additional drop in O2 saturation, which is a common response to propofol. The expert concluded the hypoxia and cardiac arrest that occurred were the predictable consequences of sedation, which ultimately led to the patient's death.
The defense anesthesiology experts who reviewed this case conceded the PPM insured anesthesiologist did not adequately assess the patient's significant co-morbidities and history and should have designated the patient as an ASA IV, not an ASA III. The experts further opined the anesthesiologist should not have relied on the endoscopist's assurances that it was "safe to proceed" and delayed or cancelled the procedure. Ultimately, none of the defense experts could support the anesthesiologist's pre-anesthesia evaluation and care in this case.
The initial settlement demand to all defendants was $1,750,000. All parties participated in mediation and the case was settled globally for $750,000. PPM contributed $390,000 to the settlement on behalf of the PPM insured anesthesiologist.
In each of the cited cases, allegations against the anesthesia providers included a failure to recognize increased risk factors presented by the patient. Such allegations, along with PPM loss data suggesting an expanded use of anesthesia-administered deep sedation with propofol for patients with an ASA greater than II, form the basis for PPM's patient safety and risk management recommendations. "The increased number of morbidly obese patients with OSA and other co-morbidities elevates the importance of proper assessment and selection, especially in non‑hospital settings. Our patient safety and risk management recommendations are a reminder of the importance of identifying patients at higher risk and then tailoring the anesthesia care to reduce the risk," according to Tracey Dujakovich, PPM Senior Claims Attorney.
Risk Management Tips for Preventing Injury During Endoscopy with Deep Sedation
When high-risk patients (e.g. morbid obesity with untreated or suspected OSA, pulmonary disease, and/or heart failure) are identified during the pre-anesthesia evaluation, PPM policyholders should consider:
Whether the patient is an appropriate candidate for the planned procedure and facility; document the discussion with the endoscopist in the medical record
Delaying or canceling the procedure for further evaluation and treatment, if medically indicated
Prophylactic vagolytic therapy – e.g. atropine, glycopyrrolate to reduce incidence of bradycardia
Avoiding IV general anesthesia with an unprotected airway and instead administer minimal or moderate sedation or general anesthesia via endotracheal tube or LMA
Oxygen delivery via non-rebreathing mask with a sampling device used for qualitative ETCO2 measurement
Aggressive treatment of bradycardia
Fisher D, Dominitz JA, et al. Complications of Colonoscopy, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011;74:745-752.
Journal Watch Gastroenterology April 2012.
Cooper GS, Kou TD, Rex DK, Complications Following Colonoscopy With Anesthesia Assistance: A Population-Based Analysis, JAMA Internal Medicine;2013; 173(7):551-556.
Khalid-de Bakker CA, Jonkers DM, et al. Cardiopulmonary events during primary colonoscopy screening in average risk population. Neth J Med. 2011 Apr; 69(4):186-91.
Koehler U, Becker HF, et al. Relations among hypoxemia, sleep stage, and brady arrhythmia during obstructive sleep apnea. AM Heart J. 2000 Jan; 139 (1 PT 1):142-8.
Underwriter's Spotlight
The Dark Side of the Moon: Moonlighting may increase anesthesia practice group's liability exposure
Moonlighting, or practicing outside of an anesthesiologist's primary practice group, may appeal to PPM policyholders for many reasons. Anesthesiologists may be looking for ways to pay off medical school debt, increase their income, teach or volunteer. There are, however, several important questions and factors for the individual anesthesiologist to consider before entering into a moonlighting arrangement. There are also potential liability exposures for anesthesia practice groups that allow their physicians to moonlight.
For the individual PPM policyholder:
Review your contract. Most anesthesia practice groups require new employees to execute an employment contract as part of the hiring process. PPM policyholders should review their employment contract for terms and conditions that could impact their ability to moonlight. Employment contracts may require the anesthesiologist to obtain written permission from the anesthesia practice group before engaging in moonlighting positions. Other employment contracts may disallow employees to engage in moonlighting practice.
Insurance. If the employment contract allows employees to moonlight, PPM policyholders should make sure they fully understand their professional liability insurance coverage while moonlighting. PPM policyholders may believe they are covered by the facility or entity that hires them to moonlight; however, that may not be the case. Additionally, insurance coverage under the individual's PPM policy requires notifying PPM and having the moonlighting practice location endorsed on the PPM policy.
For the anesthesia practice group:
PPM insured anesthesia practice groups may have potential liability exposure arising from moonlighting employees. Most states recognize common law agency principles that allow employers to be sued for the acts or omissions of their employees. Even if the employee is not officially acting on behalf of the employer, if the patient reasonably believes or relies on certain representations that the employee is acting on behalf of the employer, most states will allow those patients to sue the employer for injuries allegedly caused by the employee. These legal claims are typically referred to as apparent or ostensible agency claims.
Courts will look at several factors to determine if an employee was acting on behalf of the employer or as an independent contractor if the alleged injury arises when the employee is moonlighting. Those factors include, but are not limited to:
Did the anesthesia practice group control the physician's time, place and manner of employment?
Did the physician hold him or herself out to the patient as being an employee of the anesthesia practice group when engaging in moonlighting activities?
Did the physician wear any clothing, badges, scrubs, etc. identifying the anesthesia practice group when engaging in moonlighting activities?
Did the physician use any documents, letterhead, business cards, materials or equipment belonging to or identifying the anesthesia practice group when engaging in moonlighting activities?
Typically, no single factor will determine whether the court will allow a plaintiff to sue the anesthesia practice group based on a theory of apparent or ostensible agency. However, in PPM's experience, the more factors that exist increase the likelihood that the court will allow the plaintiff to add the anesthesia practice group as a defendant.
According to Patsy Kremer, Senior Underwriter, "If a PPM anesthesia practice group allows their employees to moonlight or is aware their employees are moonlighting, we recommend the group contact PPM's Underwriting Department so we can discuss any issues and address any potential liability exposure those moonlighting arrangements might create." PPM also has sample language to include in the practice group's employment contract or moonlighting agreement to help protect the anesthesia practice group from potential liability exposure created by moonlighting activities.
Copyright © 2016 Preferred Physicians Medical Risk Retention Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Contents may not be reproduced without prior written permission of the editor.


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Migrating to Small Business Server 2003
Alexander Zammit
A Software Development Consultant with over 20 years of experience. Many of his projects involved Exchange integrated applications, including a FAX server, a mail security product and anti-spam products.
More from Alexander Zammit...
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Votes: none - none
Migrating from SBS 2000 to SBS 2003 can be surprisingly difficult. The migration procedure supplied by Microsoft requires you to construct a completely new domain. Here is how this migration went about.
Recently I got involved in the migration of an SBS server. This required the upgrade of SBS 2000 to SBS 2003, transferring it to new hardware. Migrating SBS is not easy. A typical server houses the domain controller, DNS, Exchange, SharePoint, SQL and ISA. Thus the migration involves catering for various applications.
In general two main options are available. You either purchase a migration kit or else you use a combination of readily available migration tools. The availability of commercial solutions, reflect the fact that the second alternative is not easy. The commercial alternatives greatly simplify the migration process and are certainly worth checking.
In my case I went for the second option. Researching technologies is an integral part of my job and doing it the hard way has its own appeal! After going through all the process I have to say things went quite smooth. Nevertheless it was indeed complex and there are many things that could have gone wrong.
I started off by downloading the document Migrating from Small Business Server 2000 or Windows 2000 Server to Windows Small Business Server 2003 from Microsoft. I strongly recommend this document. It takes you step by step, from planning the migration, to installing the new SBS machine, to using the migration tools, and finally taking the new server live. It is very well worth reading it before starting the migration. It helps understanding the process and gives you an opportunity to take a final decision whether or not it's better to invest in a commercial migration kit.
This procedure does involve downtime. Also the various migration steps introduce areas where things could go wrong. The core part of the migration must be performed whilst no user is logged on to the network. Sacrificing a weekend sounds unavoidable to me.
I will not repeat the information provided by the document, but will just outline some of its salient points. This migration type requires you to construct a completely new domain. The domain and server names must be changed. In effect the server is re-constructed from scratch. The migration tools perform the job of re-creating the user accounts, transferring Exchange mailbox data and so fort.
One ramification of creating a new domain is the effect on user profiles at the client machines. The new domain introduces new user and machine accounts. Thus user profile settings associated with accounts from the previous domain become invalid, unless properly migrated. The Active Directory Migration Tool (ADMT) is the one responsible for re-creating user accounts and for the migration of user profiles at the client machines. This involves running a process on each of the client machines. Although in my case this worked well, this is often one of the most troublesome stages of these migrations.
Following the ADMT, Exchange mailboxes are migrated through the Exchange Migration Wizard. The wizard migrates the mailbox content, but does not migrate rules or public folders. These necessitate an extra export/import step. In my case most mailboxes were migrated fine except for one. In one particular mailbox some emails were missing! No errors where reported during the migration so this was not immediately apparent.
Once the issue was discovered, it turned out that the missing emails where generated by a custom application. This application generated emails by copying a template email. When the wizard performed the migration all but one of these emails (located in the Sent Items) were gone. My conclusion was that these emails where so similar that the Wizard filtered them. Recovering these emails involved the use of ExMerge to export and re-import the content of the entire mailbox.
Transferring SQL databases was the easiest part. It simply involved detaching the database from the source and attaching it to the destination server. Here SharePoint and ISA were not in use, simplifying our task further. In all cases the migration document does included details and links on how to migrate these applications.
The part of the migration requiring most work was logging on each of the client machines and fixing broken links. One application was also storing the old domain name and required re-configuration. We had to log on each of the 25 client machines and tweak these in turn. Nevertheless it was nice to see that all in all the ADMT did a fairly good job.
It is true that using a commercial migration kit would have saved us some time. Nevertheless the exercise was certainly interesting. I believe that your readiness to handle some downtime and to shoulder the pressure it may cause is the key to choosing the migration strategy to adopt. If you are about to perform such a migration, I hope this experience assists you in identifying the best way to proceed.
Migrating from Small Business Server 2000 or Windows 2000 Server to Windows Small Business Server 2003

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What was the main thing that the women's rights movement wanted?
What did the women's movement gain from the civil rights movement?
How was the women's movement influenced by the civil rights movement?
What are the main ideas of feminism?
What were the main features of the feminist movement?
The women's rights movement achieved a major success in Title IX of the education code, which prohibited exclusion from educational programs, and Griswold vs. Connecticut, a 1965 U.S. Supreme Court case in which it ruled that the state could not ban the use of contraceptives.
Women played a crucial role in galvanizing the Civil Rights Movement. While resulting legislation such as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act was a win for African Americans of both genders, they were particularly symbolic for women. … She thought this was important in order to vote and gain other rights.
Feminism works towards equality, not female superiority. Feminists respect individual, informed choices and believe there shouldn't be a double standard in judging a person. Everyone has the right to sexual autonomy and the ability to make decisions about when, how and with whom to conduct their sexual life.
IT IS IMPORTANT: What country is #1 in women's rights?
The feminist movement (also known as the women's liberation movement, the women's movement, or simply feminism) refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, all of …


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El múscul oblic inferior del cap (musculus oblic capitis inferior) o múscul oblic major del cap, és un múscul que forma part del triangle suboccipital del coll i està envoltat pel nervi occipital major. S'origina en l'apòfisi espinosa de l'axis i s'insereix en la superfície posteroinferior de l'apòfisi transversa de l'atles. És un dels músculs profunds del coll. El seu nom pot generar confusió, ja que és l'únic múscul anomenat capitis (traduït literalment com a cap) que no està fix en el crani sinó en el coll.

Aquest múscul és responsable de la rotació del cap; actua en relació a l'atles i l'axis (articulació atlantoaxial). Es troba per sota del múscul semiespinós del cap i el trapezi que està en el límit inferior del triangle suboccipital del coll.

Notes

Referències

Imatges

Enllaços externs

Oblic Inferior Del Cap

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Copenhagen's useful failure: There's a better way to fulfill green energy's potential
News // Opinion
Jan. 15, 2010 Updated: June 17, 2016 4:49 p.m.
By BJORN LOMBORG
Special to The Washington Post
Even though no one should have been surprised by the outcome of last month's global climate summit in Copenhagen, the lack of any meaningful action unleashed a torrent of angry and disappointed rhetoric. "The outcome of Copenhagen doesn't at all match the needs ... of mankind," complained Sweden's environment minister. "By delaying action, rich countries have condemned millions of the world's poorest people to hunger, suffering and loss of life," added Nnimmo Bassey, chair of Friends of the Earth International. And those were some of the milder comments.
Critics, however, should calm down. If anything, the summiteers did the planet a favor by refusing to endorse a binding agreement to drastically reduce carbon emissions.
That's because their inability to make progress may be the nudge the international community needs to face the real inconvenient truth: that after nearly two decades of fruitless efforts, it's time to give up our Rio-Kyoto-Copenhagen fantasy and get real about combating global warming.
Two points underlie the issue of global warming: First, developing nations have no intention of letting the developed world force them to stop using carbon-emitting fuels. They are understandably wary of any policy that might curtail the domestic economic growth that is allowing their populations to clamber out of poverty. And that is precisely what drastically reducing their carbon emissions would do.
Second, even for more-developed economies, trying to force drastic cuts in carbon emissions makes no economic sense. All the major climate economic models show that to achieve the much-discussed goal of keeping temperature increases under 2 degrees Celsius, we would need a global tax on carbon emissions that would start at $102 per ton (or about 90 cents per gallon of gasoline) -- and increase to $4,000 per ton (or $35.51 per gallon of gasoline) by the end of the century. In all, this would cost the world $40 trillion A YEAR.
Most mainstream calculations conclude that this is 50 times more expensive than the climate damage it seeks to prevent.
In other words, trying to force cuts in carbon emissions is a solution that will cost far more than the problem it is meant to solve.
No wonder this option never gained real traction.
So what do we do? Given that global energy demand is expected to double by 2050, the only way to reduce (if not eliminate) our use of fossil fuels without crippling the world economy is to radically ramp up green-energy technologies -- to the point where we can increase our reliance on them by several orders of magnitude. For two decades we have been putting the cart before the horse, pretending that we could cut carbon emissions now and solve the technology problem later. It's time to turn things around. Instead of condemning billions of people to continued poverty by trying to make fossil fuels more expensive, we should make green energy cheaper. This means radically increasing spending on research and development.
In a paper for the Copenhagen Consensus Center last July, Isabel Galiana and Professor Chris Green of McGill University examined the state of non-carbon-based energy -- including nuclear, wind, solar and geothermal power -- and came to some disconcerting conclusions.
Based on current rates of progress, they found that by 2050 our array of alternative energy sources would produce less than half the power we would need from them to be able to stabilize carbon emissions. By 2100, the gap would be even wider. The technology is simply not progressing fast enough in terms of scalability or stability. This should not be surprising. In many areas, there is still a need for the most basic research and development. We are not even close to getting the needed technological revolution started.
But we could be. Devoting just 0.2 percent of global gross domestic product -- roughly $100 billion (70 billion euros) a year -- to green energy R&D would produce the kind of game-changing breakthroughs needed to fuel a carbon-free future. Not only would this be a much less expensive fix than trying to cut carbon emissions, it would also reduce global warming far more quickly.
So let's be grateful that the Copenhagen summiteers were unable to paper over their differences. Their failure should be our wake-up call. After 20 years of getting nowhere, it's time to take a fresh look at the problem and adopt a different approach.
Bjorn Lomborg is director of the Copenhagen Consensus Center and the author of "Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming."


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11 Celebrities Who are Black and Jewish
Lenny Kravitz, Sammy Davis Jr. and Drake–oy! Not only have these three entertainers broken hearts and topped the charts, they're also part of God's chosen people.
We're in the midst of the High Holy Days, a celebration of the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashanah. The two-day celebration is believed to be the anniversary of the creation of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, with customs that include eating apples dipped in honey to commemorate a "sweet new year."
In honor of Rosh Hashanah, The Huffington Post has compiled a list of 11 black celebrities you may not have known had Jewish lineage or practiced Judaism. From musicians, to actors to NBA ballers, check out these stars who are all people of The Good Book.
Aubrey Drake Graham was born to an African American father and a Jewish Canadian mother. Before he was breaking hearts and topping charts, the Young Money star attended a Jewish day school and had a Bar Mitzvah.
After a 1954 car accident that almost took his life, Sammy Davis Jr. went to a hospital in California and began studying Judaism. He later converted to Judaism, telling TIME magazine "Talk about handicap–I'm a one-eyed Negro Jew."
Rashida Jones has an African-American father (music mogul Quincy Jones) and an Ashkenazi Jewish mother (Mod Squad beauty Peggy Lipton) Growing up, she attended a Hebrew School before being accepted to Harvard University.
Amar'e Stoudemire
After his mother informed him of his own family's Jewish heritage, Amar'e Stoudemire, traveled to Israel to learn more about his culture. While the specifics of his Jewish lineage remain unknown, the Knicks power forward has embraced his roots and even has a Star of David tattooed on his hand.
Jamal Michael Barrow, better known by his stage name Shyne, stepped into the spotlight as a rapper with Sean "P. Diddy" Combs' Bad Boy Records. While serving a ten-year prison sentence for attempted murder, Shyne changed his name to Moses Michael Levi to reflect his grandmother's Jewish heritage and practice Judaism.
Lauren London, an actress and model, was born in Los Angeles to an African American mother and Jewish father. She is most known for her roles in ATL and her parts on 90210 and Entourage.
Born in New York City in May 1964, Lenny Kravitz has an African American mother and a Jewish father. He has won several "Best Male Rock Vocal Performance" Grammy Awards.
Tracee Ellis Ross
Tracee Ellis Ross was born in Los Angeles to African-American singer/actress Diana Ross and Jewish music business manager Robert Ellis Silberstein. Her big break came in 2000 when Ross landed the role of Joan Carol Clayton on the sitcom series "Girlfriends." She currently plays the wife of Malcolm Jamal Warner in the BET sitcom "Reed Between The Lines."
Lisa Bonet
Lisa Bonet is an actress best known for playing Denise Huxtale on the NBC sitcom "The Cosby Show." She was born in San Francisco, to an African American father, Allen Bonet, and a Jewish mother, Arlene Litman.
British musician Craig David's maternal grandfather was an Orthodox Jew and his maternal grandmother converted to Judaism.
Maya Rudolph
Actress Maya Rudolph's father, a composer, songwriter and producer is an Ashkenazi Jew. Her mother, soul singer MInnie Riperton, is African-American.
Click here to see Famous Jewish Actresses
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HeyJules September 16, 2015
Rashida Jones,Lauren London, Lisa Bonet. Wow
davidesco8 June 6, 2014
Other than Drake I had no idea any of these celebrities were Jewish. All very talented at what they do!
IsraeliGirl143 September 11, 2013
I didn't know Rashida Jones was half black. That's probably why her skin tone is amazing, she will never have to worry about a tan that lucky girl. And shes JEWISH?!? Look out, shes got it all.
maccabette September 7, 2013
How cool!
They are all so talented. Jewish and African genes – what a great combo!


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tv The Daily Show Comedy Central January 27, 2016 1:37am-2:11am PST
because it's always about you. here are the best ten seconds i could salvage from the piles of shit you sent in. - you know, "girlfriend," it's such a confusing term. - well, your butt's not on your period. - choke me. - you're a whore. your fingers are fat. i want to kill you. [laughter] - surprised no guy told her her tank's on backwards. all right, lesson learned. i'll never ask you women to do anything again. by the way, her fingers were fat. [laughter] good night. [applause] [audience ohs] captioning by captionmax www.captionmax.com >> from comedy central's world news headquarters in new york, this is "the daily show" with trevor noah. ( cheers and applause ) captioning sponsored by comedy central
>> trevor: welcome to "the daily show." i'm trevor noah. thank you so much, everyone. we have a great show for you tonight, our guest tonight, black lives matter activist, deray mckesson is here, everybody. ( cheers and applause ) and we're going to have a great conversation about the black lives matter movement. but let's warm up with something fun. isis. ( laughter ) things are going really badly for isis. they're losing the key city of ramaude tow iraq. their oil fields are being bombed, and worst of all, they can't seem to find love. >> isis fighters are also taking a coup from the polarity of online dating web sites to recruit western women as brides. >> analysts say this blog is a recruitment tool for isis targeting mostly women in a match.com style. >> trevor: so now isis has a dating web site. ( laughter ) i can just imagine girls telling their friends about the guy they met. "so, i've been talking to this guy. he's kind of a bad boy.
like, so bad. no, like, really, he's evil." ( laughter ) in case you're wondering, is this really like a western dating site? it kind of is. >> men are promised beautiful brides, true to the faith. experts say there's even a catch phrase circulating-- jihotty. ( laughter ) >> trevor: i want to see those profiles so badly. who is typing that out? seeky jihotty for some caliph-fun. no fat-wahs. ( laughter ) and now, obviously, you know, dating a jihotty comes with some risks, but isis apparently has that all worked out. >> the women are treated like chattel. they are gifted to the foreign fighters, and then they are recycled when the first husband dies, they'll be recycled again. >> trevor: another now, when
you put it like that, it sounds rough. but to me this just sounds like dating in your 20s, you know. it's all or nothing. today is all there is. it's you and me against the western world. and then when it doesn't work out. ♪ to the left, to the left all of your remains in a box to the left ♪ here's what's wonderful about this whole story. isis is encouraging their soldiers to marry women that they meet online without ever seeing what they look like. do you understand how easy it would be for us to take advantage of them. we'd just put a bunch of marines in burquas, put them on those dating sites. then on the wedding night when the isis husband is like, "take off your burqua." it's like, boom! you just got catfished by seal team 6, asshole! yeah! get on the ground! get on the ground!" now let's have sex and then i'll kill you. ( laughter ) what, they've got to consummate the marriage, come on. all jokes aside, all jokes
aside, isis really is a scourge, a scourge that needs to be dealt with seriously. you know, they've been a big problem for the world, and over the last year we've heard a lot of helpful suggestions for how to defeat them, such as bomb them back to the stone age. bomb the ( bleep ) out of them. and, of course, stab them with a pocket knife. ( laughter ) ( applause ) because nobody expects the knife. ( laughter ) now, defeating isis is a complicated task. you know, there's no one solution to this. and bombing can be a part of that, as long as you hit the right targets. >> newly released video shows the u.s. bombing this isis money storage site near mosul. tens of millions of currency destroyed, the u.s. believes. >> officials say if you look closely, you can see cash fluttering in theaur. >> trevor: oh, ( bleep )! no, that is so dope. i haven't seen it rain like that since i was at an outdoor strip
club in seattle. are you kidding me? because it's an outdoor strip for the seattle and rain-- whatever. that's why the rest of us use banks, isis. yeah, now the $5 a.t.m. fee doesn't look so bad, does it? it wasn't hard for the u.s. to find isis's cash. all they had to do was look for the giant mattress. ( laughter ) and as it turns out, vaporizing isis' cash is make an impact. >> isis fighters are getting a massive pay cut. the islamic state says they're cutting salary by half meaning isis fighters would see their pay crop to about $200 a month. >> trevor: a 50% pay cut. that's pretty mute bruital. that really is brutal for them, especially a group that already carpools everywhere. ( laughter ) now, now they're going to have to get zipcar. i mean, this is-- this is a really big blow to isis.
to have to cut salaries in half? and here at the "the daily show," we have some exclusive footage of isis' most recent h.r. meeting. >> everyone, a couple notes from h.r. here. first, we've had some reports of sexual harassment so, keep that up. also, in addition to the recent pay cut-- and, please, don't shoot the messenger-- seriously, it's about the 72 virgins. corporate is cutting that number to 31. >> oooh! >> and i say "virgins" but all disclosure some of them may have done some hand stuff. stuff. ( laughter ). >> trevor: oh! that guy looks like jordan klepper. so, isis, like a retired nfl player is facing a serious money crunch, but at least in the organization they're being fair about the cuts. >> according to this document, isis has, and i'm reading straight from it-- decided to slash these salaries because of
the exceptional circumstances experienced by the islamic state, saying that no one will be excluded from this decision, no matter what their rank. >> trevor: i'm, i'm sorry. i couldn't pay attention to what they were saying. what the schedule going on over there? ( laughter ) ( applause ) are these guys practicing for the playground? what is-- do we have the audio from those training videos? can we watch that again, please. >> whee! yippee! hey! green light! red light. >> green light. >> red light. >> hi-yada-yada. hiya! >> trevor: why are they breaking tiles with their heads? what is isis practicing for? you realize america uses guns. they're not going to attack with you kitchen floors. that's not going to happen. i don't understand, what the hell is this? because i don't know what that
training is suppose to be for, but i'm not gog lie-- this makes me feel good, people. year,un that isis is starting to lose when they're officially as scary as that panda discovering his first snowstorm. ( applause ) ( cheers ) now he's in guatanamo bay. we'll be right back. ( cheers and applause ) performance... ...reimagined. style... ...reinvented. sophistication... ...redefined. introducing the all-new lexus rx and rx hybrid. agile handling. available 12.3-inch navigation screen and panorama glass roof. never has luxury been this expressive. this is the pursuit of perfection.
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. ( cheers and applause ). >> trevor: welcome back to "the daily show." now, there's less than a week before the iowa caucuses, and on the democratic side, the race between hillary clinton, bernie sanders, and martin o'malley is neck and neck, and ankle, i think? ( laughter ) i don't know what 5% is. i don't know-- i don't know what that is. it all comes down to undecided voters so last night, cnn brought them together with the candidates who came out one by one to answer questions. it was sort of like a political
beauty pageant. you know "and now for the talent portion of the show, senator sanders performs "anaconda" by nicki minaj!" ( laughter ) ( applause ) we'll be right back. no, no. you know, let me point something outue only-- you only had to look at that for a new seconds. there is an artist in our graphics department. he had to stair at that all day, getting the shading just right. yeah. that's a real job, people. that's a real job. take that away. take that away. now, i find the town hall format interesting because unlike nay debate where candidates are in each other's faces, the town hall has each person on stage by themselves, more relaxed. it's like a rap battle against no one. but the good thing about the town hall is that it lets you learn more about the candidates. for instance, bernie sanders
spoke in detail about the income inequality and the social programs he would like to implement. and he spoke about his tax plan to raise taxes and we also got ton him better on a personal level. >> i was a very good athlete. i wouldn't say i was a great athlete. i was a pretty good basketball player. my elementary school in brooklyn won the borough championship. >> trevor: wow. yeah. bernie won a basketball championship. this was, obviously, before black people were allowed to play basketball, but still, but still. i can see it. i can see bernie. after bernie left they brought on martin o'malley to give everyone a chance to go to the bathroom. ( laughter ) which i really don't understand because i thought martin o'malley was sensible and discussed his solid record on gun scroll and he showed a lot of energy and yet, still, they insist on asking him questions like this. >> there is a 15% rule in a lot of these caucuses, so if you don't have 15% of the caucuses in that room, those men and
women have to go to awe different candidate. so if you don't have that and your followers now have to go to somewhere else, the people who support you, what is your suggestion to them? ( laughter ) >> trevor: oh, come on, cnn! that's heartless. you don't ask him who he wants to win after he loses. ( laughter ) that's like someone asking you which of your friends can date your wife after she leaves you. "we'll stibl pals, right? i mean, it's better than her banging a stranger, right, i mean, come on, come on." and then, after that, came the headliner. hillary clinton. she hit everything from health care to her foreign policy experience to reproductive rights. although, i did have one critique. >> if this is the first time you really paid taingz, you go, "oh, my gosh! look at all of this." ( laughter ). >> trevor: look.
no, this isn't just for hillary. politicians, when you want to mimic craziness, make sure to keep your hands open when you wave. like, even republicans-- because if you-- if you-- ( laughter ) it just ends up looking like-- yeah. hands open. and you know, that moment wasn't nearly as awkward as when hillary took a question from a young man in the audience. >> there's a lot of young people like myself who are very passionate supporters of bernie sanders, and i just don't see the same enthusiasm frl younger people for you. in fact, i've heard from quite a few people my age that they think you're dishonest. but i'd like to hear from you on why you feel the enthusiasm isn't there. >> trevor: oh, no but really, tell us how you really feel. who the hell does this kid think he is. "yo, all my friends think you
suck. what do you say about that?" and what kind of question is that for a debate? you're standing right in front of the person. look, dude, i mean, if you want to bring it to hillary all the power to do but at least coyour homework, first. be specific. and by the way, you're chewing gum while you're asking that question. show some respect. and it's not even like i'm defending hillary, because she knows how to handle had type of thing herself. >> look, i've been around a long time. people have thrown all kinds of things at me and, you know, i can't keep up with it. i just keep going forward. but if you're new to politics, if it's the first time you've really paid attention. >> trevor: i love this. she's restrained, but you can feel on the inside she's taking her earrings off. ( laughter ) it's all in the subtext. and, luckily, here at the "the daily show," we had subtext closed captioning on. >> well, i think it really depends upon who you're seeing and talking to. but if you're new to politics, if it's the first time you've
really paid attention. you go, "oh, my gosh. why are they throwing all of that?" when i worked on health care back in '93, and '94-- and i don't even you were born then. i can't quite tell. but. ( cheers and applause ) >> trevor: and you know, the truth is, at the end of the day, other than a few oddball questions from the audience, it was pretty civilized. i'm not going to lie. this was a fantastic event to watch. the candidates knew what they were talkin talking about. they were respectful to each other. in fact, the only shocking thing that happened that night was-- ( laughter ) sorry, i had to show you again. we'll be right back. james drove his rav4 hybrid into the frozen wilderness. the scent of his jerky attracted a hungry wolfpack behind him. to survive, he had to remain fearless. he would hunt with them. and expand their territory. he'd form a bond with a wolf named accalia... ...become den mother
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( cheers and applause ) >> trevor: welcome back. my guest tonight is an activist for black lives matter. high also cofinded came zero to end police violence. please welcome deray mckesson! ( cheers and applause ) oh, thank you so much for being here, sir. >> good to be here. >> trevor: i have a little thing-- >> oh, i love it! >> trevor: i've seen you wearing that every day. >> that's a good vest. >> trevor: is it bulletproof? >> i can't give away the secret. >> that's a good color. i love it. >> trevor: i think i'm ready for this. i think i'm ready. oh, i look good. look at that. oh, that's nice. >> can't be vain in the vest.
can't be vain in the vest. >> trevor: have to be humble in the vest. how do i look in the vest? >> you look ready, you look ready. >> trevor: thank you so much for joining me. let's start right at the top. i have seep you everywhere. people have seen ow social media. people see you on tv, on the news. who is deray mckesson? let's start there. who is deray mckesson? and how did you get into what are you are doing now? >> i'm just one of many protesters in the movement who are focused on ending police violence, and making sure we press systems to be good for people. in terms of how i got here, i was sitting on my couch in august 2014. >> and saw the wars happening around the movement on twitter, and i literally got in my car and ended up in st. louis and joined the rest of the people out there fighting. >> trevor: wait, so you saw a thing on twitter and then you actually joined in physically. >> yeah, yeah. twitter is everything. i love twitter. >> trevor: you could have just been like hashtag honor black lives matter, and chilled at home. >> in the beginning it was
hashtag mike brown and ferguson. and we learned this hashtag a little bit later. but it was huge for everybody to mobilize. twitter has been a phenomenal platform to amplify of people of color and bringing people together. so it's good. >> trevor: what i found interesting about youristic you say you were sitting on the coach but you were a teacher. >> i was. >> trevor: and i feel like now you are still playing that role. you're trying to teach. a lot of time the message gets lost in the argument-- mack-white. what are you trying to teach people? >> the nirs eight months of the issue is how people understand the issue of police violence was closer than they thought. people understand yet understand there was a crisis across america, and it was the death of walter scott, sandra bland, freddie gray for people to get there is a crisis. the police have killed about 60 people so far in 2016 alone that we have to figure out how to do
something in policing and blackness is complex, the conversation with identity and all the other nooshz blackness we need to work on as well. >> trevor: here's what's difficult. a lot of times you bring upon black lives matter, and immediately, someone goes well, white lives matter. and mone someone else goes, alls matter. how do you respond to that? >> it's one of the more interesting distraction techniques we have seen when we talk about the movement. if you were at a breast cancer rally and someone ideal, "colon cancer matter." we're not saying colon cancer doesn't matter. >> trevor: just take a moment and think about how weird that guy is. carry on. >> we're not saying that other lives don't matter. what we are saying is there is something unique about the trauma that blam blackpeople have experienced in this country, especially around police, and we need to call that out. >> trevor: some people will say, yes, black people have more incidents with the police. but as far as i've seen on facebook, black people commit more crime and that's why black people face the police more and black people have higher rates
of criminality, and that's why they're in jail more. so i don't understand what your argument is. >> there is no correlation between community violence and police violence. the police will tell you they are where the crime is. and they're not around with the, right. >> trevor: oh! oh! ( cheers and applause ) oooh! oh, that was nice. >> but they're also not-- the data doesn't show that to be true. and the police are disproportionately violent in communities of color, whether there's any community violence there or not. and there have been phenomenal activists around the country working to end community violence. i think about people in chicago, baltimore, so many other cities where that is an issue that's present. >> trevor: you get people then saying, "okay, i see you. 60 people killed by the police. how many more people, black, are killed by other black people. why aren't you running around saying black lives matter to them?" >> we do believe all lives matter. the police are agents of the
state and they have the power to kill people and that is not the same thing as private citizens. when i say one issue is more important, what we are saying is we need to focus-- we are focusing on the issue of police violence because it's state-sanctioned violence, and we've seen those officers aren't even he held accountable in anyy at all, whereas there are many mechanisms to hold private citizens accountable. >> trevor: when looking at the police eye went to the web site-- >> campaign zero. >> trevor: yeah, campaign zero. you had 10 steps in combating or ending police violence and brutality toward plaque people. >> yeah. >> trevor: do people know about the 10 steps? have you told people about this? >> it is joincampaignzero.org. we're trying to help people-- it's a complex solution that ranges from independent investigators to body cameras, to making sure police union contract are fair, to also use of force policies to making sure they are transparent. it's a complex solution but we
wanted to map it all out so we can get to zero killings by the police. >> trevor: can white people also go to the web site or is that like-- no, a lot of times you see these conversations being had, and i know this personally, you get white people i don't know how to deal with this. sometimes they're afraid to become part of the conversation because they're afraid of the backlash of people saying you don't know what this is? are there other movements to encouraging people to get involved or is this something black people have to do on their own? >> this is a movement for everybody to figure out how they want to help. for white people this is-- we know when black people get free, when we end the oppression, it will open up space for so many other people as well. so people should feel themes as a part of the movement. >> trevor: you're wearing an apple watch and talking about oppression, and we're going to talk more about this if you're
watching this tofd, this is where it's going to end. but we're going to continue on the web and on the app. deray mckesson, everybody. deray mckesson, everybody. ( cheers and applause ) hundreds of crash simulations. thousands of hours of painstaking craftsmanship. and an infinite reserve of patience... ...to create a vehicle that looks,
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( cheers and applause ) >> trevor: that's our show. join us tomorrow night at 11:00. here it is, your moment of zen. >> you're 75 now. >> 74! >> you are 74 going on 75. ( cheers and applause ) you're close to 75. >> i'm going on 75. so are you! captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org larry: tonightn grand jury has cleared planned parenthood of wrongdoing in donating fetal tissue. carly fiorina couldn't be reached for comment from inside her ice palace. [laug
<div class="tv-ttl"><a href="http://www.cc.com/shows/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah">The Daily Show</a><div>Comedy Central January 27, 2016 1:37am-2:11am PST</div></div>
Civil rights activist DeRay McKesson.
Isis 19, Deray Mckesson 6, Martin O'malley 3, Bernie Sanders 3, Bernie 3, Motionsense 2, James 2, Brookside 2, Seattle 2, Sabra 2, Trevor Noah 2, Crest Pro-health Advanced 2, Hershey 1, Jihotty 1, Jordan Klepper 1, Sanders 1, Seeky Jihotty 1, Taingz 1, Accalia 1, Bruital 1
Uploaded by TV Archive on January 27, 2016


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Trending in California Real Estate: Garage Conversions and the ADU Building Boom
October 3, 2018 Gomez SimoneEstate Planning, Real Estate, Real Estate Law0
Trending in California Real Estate: The ADU Building Boom
by Stuart R. Simone, Esq.
Why does California need Accessory Dwelling Units ("ADUs")?
California's housing production is not keeping pace with demand. In the last decade less than half of the needed housing was built. This lack of housing is impacting affordability with average housing costs in California exceeding the rest of the nation. The legislature has responded to this burgeoning crisis by passing new state laws that encourage the building and use of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) (also referred to as Second Units, Mother-In-Law Units, or Granny Flats). New relaxed regulations and the low cost to build an ADU make it a very feasible affordable housing option, and ADUs can both help tenants by easing the housing shortage and can help homeowners by providing significant additional income. A UC Berkeley study noted that one unit of affordable housing in the Bay Area costs about $500,000 to develop whereas an ADU can range from a small cost to anywhere up to $200,000 on the expensive end in high housing cost areas. Garage Conversions are often the most cost-effective.
What is an ADU?
An ADU is a secondary dwelling unit with complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and generally takes three forms:
Detached: The unit is separated from the primary structure,
Attached: The unit is attached to the primary structure,
Repurposed Existing Space: Space (e.g., master bedroom) within the primary residence is converted into an independent living unit.
Why build an ADU?
There are many reasons for building an ADU on your lot. Because ADUs are zoned to be rental units, they produce additional household income. But ADUs can provide additional living quarters for caregivers, grown children, relatives or elderly parents as well as renters. Or, "Empty nesters" can stay in their neighborhoods by moving into a smaller ADU and renting their larger existing home to pay the mortgage.
Checklist: Can I Add an ADU to my Home?
I own a single family home;
My home (1) has a room or garage that can be converted into a unit with its own entrance, or (2) a garage in my back yard or (3) there is extra space in my back yard (see setback details below);
My home (1) has room and access for an additional parking space, or (2) is located within ½ mile from public transit.
Why are ADUs suddenly Trending?
In January of 2017, a new California state law took effect that encourages homeowners to build "granny flats." But many homeowners and residential real estate investors still do not know that the California has made it easier than ever to add a legal rental unit to a single-family home.
What is the law for ADUs in the State of California?
The new state laws – AB 2299 (Bloom) and SB 1069 (Wieckowski), effective January 2017 – makes it easier to build an ADU on a single family lot by cutting out a lot of the red tape. You can read the entire law at the California Legislative Information website by searching California AB 2299 and California SB 1069. Please be aware that Cities may pass new laws that will affect ADU construction, so always check your city's websites and talk to their planning departments.
ADUs are now permitted in all single-family zones. Any lot in these zones, regardless of its size, can add an ADU if it will fit. Your lot must have an existing house, only one ADU per lot is permitted, and the ADU cannot be sold separately from the house. The owner is not required to live in either unit; i.e. both the main house and the AUD can be rented out even in single family zones, which can be a big deal to "buy-and-hold" Real Estate Investors. An ADU must meet additional site requirements as well as building construction requirements as described in more detail below. The new laws may also help homeowners who currently have an unpermitted ADU on their lot to upgrade it to permitted status; contact your city Dept. of Building and Safety for more information.
ADUs within Existing Space
Local governments must ministerially approve an application to create within a single family residential zone one ADU per single family lot if the unit is:
contained within an existing residence or accessory structure.
has independent exterior access from the existing residence.
has side and rear setbacks that are sufficient for fire safety.
These provisions apply within all single family residential zones and ADUs within existing space must be allowed in all of these zones. No additional parking or other development standards can be applied except for building code requirements.
Governmental Fees
SB 1069 provides that ADUs shall not be considered new residential uses for the purpose of calculating utility connection fees or capacity charges, including water and sewer service. The bill prohibits a local agency from requiring an ADU applicant to install a new or separate utility connection or impose a related connection fee or capacity charge for ADUs that are contained within an existing residence or accessory structure. For attached and detached ADUs, this fee or charge must be proportionate to the burden of the unit on the water or sewer system and may not exceed the reasonable cost of providing the service.
Fire Requirements
SB 1069 provides that fire sprinklers shall not be required in an accessory unit if they are not required in the primary residence.
No Total Prohibition
SB 1069 prohibits a local government from adopting an ordinance that precludes ADUs.
Size Limitations
Generally, AB 2299 (Chapter 735, Statutes of 2016) requires a local government to ministerially approve ADUs if the unit complies with certain parking requirements, the maximum allowable size of an attached ADU, and setback requirements, as follows:
The unit is not intended for sale separate from the primary residence and may be rented.
The lot is zoned for single-family or multifamily use and contains an existing, single-family dwelling.
The unit is either attached to an existing dwelling or located within the living area of the existing dwelling or detached and on the same lot.
The increased floor area of the unit does not exceed 50% of the existing living area, with a maximum increase in floor area of 1,200 square feet.
The total area of floorspace for a detached accessory dwelling unit does not exceed 1,200 square feet.
No passageway can be required.
No setback can be required from an existing garage that is converted to an ADU.
Compliance with local building code requirements.
Approval by the local health officer where private sewage disposal system is being used.
ADU law requires local government approval if meeting various requirements (GovCode Section 65852.2(a)(1)(D)), including unit size requirements. Specifically, attached ADUs shall not exceed 50 percent of the existing living area or 1,200 square feet and detached ADUs shall not exceed 1,200 square feet.
A local government may establish minimum and maximum unit sizes (GC Section 65852.2(c). However, like all development standards (e.g., height, lot coverage, lot size), unit sizes should not burden the development of ADUs. For example, setting a minimum unit size that substantially increases costs or a maximum unit size that unreasonably restricts opportunities would be inconsistent with the intent of the statute. Typical maximum unit sizes range from 800 square feet to 1,200 square feet. Minimum unit size must at least allow for an efficiency unit as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 17958.1.
Impact on Existing Accessory Dwelling Unit Ordinances
AB 2299 provides that any existing ADU ordinance that does not meet the bill's requirements is null and void upon the date the bill becomes effective. In such cases, a jurisdiction must approve accessory dwelling units based on Government Code Section 65852.2 until the jurisdiction adopts a compliant ordinance.
Exemptions from Local Parking Requirements
SB 1069 reduces parking requirements to one space per bedroom or unit. The legislation authorizes off street parking to be tandem or in setback areas unless specific findings such as fire and life safety conditions are made. SB 1069 also prohibits parking requirements if the ADU meets any of the following:
Is part of an existing primary residence or an existing accessory structure,
Is within an architecturally and historically significant historic district,
Is in an area where on-street parking permits are required, but not offered to the occupant of the ADU,
Is located within one block of a car share area,
Is within a half mile from public transit.
To find out if your lot is within a half-mile of transit: First, see if your lot appears to be within a half-mile radius of a bus stop, rail station, or a dedicated space where a shared-vehicle is parked by checking the City's transit map at media.metro.net/ riding_metro/maps/images/system_map.pdf. Second, call the Dept. of Building and Safety and give your property address; they can confirm whether you need to provide parking for your ADU.
More Info for Los Angeles City Homeowners
If your home was built before 1979, one or both of the units may become subject to Los Angeles' Rent Stabilization Ordinance (RSO). To determine if your ADU falls or will fall under the RSO, call the LA HCID (866) 557-7368.
ADU Size and Location Limitations
As stated in the state law, an attached ADU cannot be bigger than 50% of the existing house. For example, if your existing house in 2,000 sq. ft., the attached ADU cannot exceed 1,000 sq. ft. in size. In addition, most ADUs cannot exceed 1200 sq. ft.
Second, there is a "mansionization ordinance" in Los Angeles that usually restricts the total square footage of all structures on a lot to 45% of total lot size. For example, if your lot is 10,000 sq. ft., the total built area (existing house, ADU, garage, etc.) cannot exceed 4,500 sq. ft.
Third, if your existing garage is at the front of your house, you may not be able to convert it to an ADU. The Los Angeles Dept. of City Planning will need to verify the specifics related to your project.
If you are a landlord or potential landlord, it's always a good idea to get good legal advice, and Gomez & Simone is here to help at (855) 219-3333. Remember, there is a complex interplay between state and local laws, and since these are new laws, they are in constant flux. This article is no substitute for legal advice.
ADU Granny Flats Garage Conversion
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After a series of ups and downs for the former tech giant, Nokia is taking a fresh and different path towards reclaiming its glory in the tech industry.
At an exclusive Los Angeles event for the entertainment industry held yesterday, Nokia announced Ozo, a next-generation VR camera rig that is specially designed for capturing audio and video for VR content in 360 degrees. Sorry, consumers, the Ozo is not for the mainstream – Nokia intends to make Ozo the preferred VR content capture medium for the advertising industry, media, and of course, for immersive virtual reality experiences in Hollywood. As the spherical camera rig is still in the preproduction phase, it awaits its formal launch that is expected later this fall. When formally launched, the Ozo will be having its sale price – it is seen to be priced in the mid-five figures. This makes the Ozo not for consumers.
One of the key advantages of Ozo that sets it apart from other competing VR camera spheres is its ability to provide live, real-time monitoring of the 360-degree footage as it is being captured. This makes it beneficial for Hollywood VR filmmakers by significantly reducing the time needed to make certain changes to the final footage even before it lands the post-processing stage. Another selling point of the Ozo is rapid playback. Ozo lets directors to view relatively lower-resolution capture of audio and video that's ready for (almost) immediate playback. In as little as a few minutes, Ozo can provide a lower-res VR capture that is of enough clarity for directors to see and fix corrections. Before, captured VR audio and video needs to be digitally stitched together for hours before it could be viewed for checking purposes.
Nokia has teamed up with Jaunt VR, a leading VR studio, making Jaunt VR as Nokia's first corporate partner for Ozo. Nokia will provide Ozo units to Jaunt VR at its studio, making Ozo available for content production.
According to Nokia, Ozo is the most advanced professional VR content production platform yet. The spherical rig weighs about 6 pounds, and is equipped with eight image sensors, as well as an equal amount of microphones that are precisely placed to capture 360-degree audio. The strategic placement of the microphones help create a sense of immersion and depth in the VR content itself. If a sound is made from the back relative to the viewer, Ozo makes it possible for the user to detect sound from his back and see the sound source as well.
Nokia's entry into VR seems to be a risky and bold move, but the company intends to make its name shine in the VR industry. Nokia is harnessing the momentum of the virtual reality revolution to take a fair share of the professional VR market.


Many of you come to this site merely looking for a standard product, and we're here to provide you with an eco-friendly version. Bamboo is a sustainable raw material that grows up to five times faster than other woody materials. Since it is a grass, it can grow in most climates and environments, without chemicals or pesticides. It is a sustainable, renewable material that is more versatile than nearly any other plant product under the sun! With a transition to bamboo products we can help save the rainforests, eliminate waste, and lower carbon emissions all at once! These days it is trendy to help the environment, so you never have to sacrifice quality or style for the environment.


text:
141 Southampton Road
Next project Windsor Street
Location: Portsmouth
Client: David Sheppard
Sector: Residential
To see nothing but open water stretching from below your feet to the horizon is something that can only be experienced in the moment. Held in your memory, it quickly loses its staggering scale, the complexity of waves constantly rewriting one another, and the bracing sea gusts.
It is little wonder that so many cities have sprung up along the UK coastlines, and few have a history that quite compares with Portsmouth. Near London, near Europe, it quickly became a hub for transport, shipping, and, of course, the Royal Navy. Admiral Nelson's memory is etched deep into the stones of the harbours.
At one time Portsmouth was the most heavily fortified city in Europe, but in the 20th century its identity evolved. Receiving city status, university status, and heavy bombing from WWII, whole swathes of Portsmouth have transformed. Since WWII, much time and investment has been spent in residential development in the city, including many projects like the one that we worked on.
Grand Harbour View, 141 Southampton Road, looks out across a harbour and beyond into open ocean. An irresistible view for many but in order for the large apartment block to come into existence, it was vital to asses if the proposals would negatively impact that same view for others in this residential area.
To ascertain the visual impact of the Grand Harbour View project, we created a series of 4 fully rendered verified views. Each of these was at AVR3 level (read more about the process here) and was focused on helping to show the true massing of the building. Both a 4 storey and extensive 5 storey variation was prepared. The visuals below show the 5 storey variation.
With projects like this, comprehensive visualisations are absolutely vital. Buildings of this large scale have the potential to make an equally large impact, particularly in existing, predominantly 2 storey residential areas. We needed to be thorough in providing a true picture of what the apartments would look like.
To do this, we created two close-up visualisations, one at mid-distance, and a third from further away at Portchester Castle. Built in the 11th century within an old Roman fort, this castle according to many has never been truly abandoned. Its rich history has seen it play the roles of coastal defence point, hunting lodge, and cultural heritage site, as well as many more. Castles like these are powerful historical markers and therefore it was very important that the Grand Harbour View project did not negatively impact views from the castle walls.
Grand Harbour View is another example of the importance of thorough planning, accurate visualisations, and careful consideration when constructing within such an important historical city. See the views below to determine the impact.
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Find and save ideas about Jack and the beanstalk on Pinterest. | See more ideas about Eyfs jack and the beanstalk, Jack in the beanstalk and Fairy tale story book.
Jack & The Beanstalk. A classic fairy-tale filled with magic beans, huge beanstalks and giants – perfect ingredients for a captivating early years story. Our colourful small world play backdrop and beautifully designed stick puppets will help re-create the story in your early years setting. We will be updating this section with more resources so..


A truly gorgeous outdoor retro light fixture ; all-metal housing and antiqued amber glass. NEW, in original 70s packaging, all mounting hardware and all original parts included. Never used - excellent condition. Vintage American Lantern brand 70s light fixture Brass Wall Mount Light with beautiful textured amber glass. Specifications: 21" tall 9" in diameter.
Photo is the ACTUAL fixture for sale removed from packaging only to photograph. Packaging/Box may show age (all light fixtures have been stored in climate-controlled warehouse storage for over 40 years). Our stock of antique light fixtures, retro light fixtures, architectural salvage materials, mid-century light fixtures and Victorian light fixtures are all US-made, in new condition from high-end 1960s and 70s brand s Progress, Sea Gull, etc. Message with any questions regarding this or any other vintage light fixture; we have hundreds of styles if you are looking for a particular antique light fixture type.
Durable, all-metal outdoor or indoor housing, a great match for Victorian or contemporary lighting style. Vintage light fixture ever used or installed, electrical tested and in perfect condition. The item "1970 Vintage Light Fixture Outdoor- Brass Housing, Antique Glass, NEW" is in sale since Monday, August 15, 2016. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Yard, Garden & Outdoor Living\Outdoor Lighting\Outdoor Wall & Porch Lights".
The seller is "archsalvageindustrialchic" and is located in Denver, Colorado. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Bahamas, Viet nam.