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TWI300154B - Substrate for reflection-type liquid crystal display device and reflection-type liquid crystal display device using the same - Google Patents
Substrate for reflection-type liquid crystal display device and reflection-type liquid crystal display device using the same Download PDF
Ohmuro Katsufumi
Tashiro Kunihiro
Sharp Kk
2002-06-25 Application filed by Sharp Kk filed Critical Sharp Kk
239000004973 liquid crystal related substances Substances 0 title 2
239000000758 substrates Substances 0 title 1
G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating, or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating, or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating, or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
t Ming background (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page). The present invention relates to a reflective (reflective) liquid crystal display device i, and a substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device using the element, particularly related to A diffuse reflector having an uneven shape, a type A using a negative dielectric anisotropy, a charged reflective liquid crystal display device, and a substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device for use in an element. Description of the Related Art A reflective liquid crystal display device has characteristics of being thin, light, and low in power consumption, and since a display unit using external light does not require a backlight unit, it is possible to realize a paper-like display device. A reflective liquid crystal display device which is currently used in the present invention employs a sheet polarizing plate system which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 232465/1993 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 338993/1996. Since a high contrast is obtained and only one polarizing plate is used by a single sheet polarizing plate system, the loss of light is reduced and a comparative bright display is obtained. Fig. 21 is a view showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device 100 of a single sheet polarizing plate system according to the related art, and showing a section in which the vertical display surface is cut off. A diffuse reflection plate 1 2 having an uneven reflecting surface is formed on the substrate which is not shown. A phase difference plate (e.g., /4 plate) 106 is disposed on a non-displayed facing substrate through the reflective surface of the diffuse reflection plate 102 and a predetermined cell gap. A polarizing plate 1〇8 is configured on the phase difference paper size for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 4 1300154 A7 -----------67 __ V. Invention description (2 ) " A ^ - The external light of the board 106 is incident on the side. A liquid crystal layer 1〇4 is sealed in a predetermined cell gap, and a horizontal alignment film (not shown) is formed at the boundary of the liquid crystal layer 104 of the two substrates. For example, the rubbing treatment is performed on the two horizontal alignment films sandwiching the liquid crystal layer ι 4 so that the liquid crystal molecules of the boundary are positioned in directions different from each other. For the liquid crystal layer 104, a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is used. Since the liquid crystal molecules horizontally aligned with the film boundary are positioned almost horizontally at a predetermined pretilt angle under the condition that the voltage is not applied between the two substrates, the liquid crystal becomes a twisted nematic liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented toward the cell gap direction. Being rotated. The reflective liquid crystal display device 100 of the conventional single-sheet polarizing plate system performs display of a general white type display condition (this is white) when no voltage is applied. Figs. 22A and 22B show the liquid crystal molecules 1 〇 4a in the liquid crystal layer 1 〇 4 of the reflective liquid day display device 100 of the conventional single sheet polarizing plate system. Fig. 22A shows liquid crystal molecules 104a in bright conditions when no voltage is applied, and Fig. 22B shows liquid crystal molecules 104a in dark conditions when voltage is applied. For ease of explanation, the condition of the untwisted liquid crystal molecules 丨〇4a is depicted by simplifying the images of Figs. 22A and 22B. In dark conditions, because of the anchoring effect (alignment adjustment) as shown in Fig. 22B, even if a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 1 that are horizontally aligned with the film boundary do not rotate as large as horizontal to vertical. direction. Because of this phenomenon, hysteresis (phase delay) occurs at this area and causes problems that are not displayed in black. Next, a method was proposed in which a phase difference plate was designed in consideration of residual hysteresis in the case of voltage application (γ·It〇h, Ne Kimura, S. Mizushima, Y Ishii, and M. Hijikigawa, AM-LCD 2000). This paper is suitable for China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). Order 1300154 A7 1 —--— B7 V. Invention description (3 ) digest , ρ· 243 (2000)). However, even when such a design is performed, it is difficult to remove hysteresis at all wavelengths to obtain high contrast. (Please read the precautions on the back side and then fill out this page.) Fig. 23 is a block diagram showing the structure of the reflective liquid crystal display device 1〇1 of a single sheet polarizing plate system according to the related art of the element of Fig. 21, and shows A section that is perpendicular to the display surface. The difference from the structure shown in Fig. 21 is that a vertical alignment film (not shown) is formed at the boundary of the liquid crystal layer 105 of the two substrates, and a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used for The liquid crystal layer 1〇5 is used. Thereby, the VA (Vertical Alignment) type liquid crystal display device in which the liquid crystal molecules vertically aligned with the film boundary are positioned almost vertically when no voltage is applied between the two substrates is configured. A conventional reflective liquid crystal display device of a single sheet polarizing plate system 1〇1 displays a dark condition (normally black) of a general black display when no voltage is applied. The conventional reflective liquid crystal display device 1 〇 1 can achieve very high contrast because residual hysteresis does not exist in black. However, since hysteresis is generated by incident light from the oblique display source, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain good black conditions from all directions to the external incident light of the display source. In particular, since the light reaching the diffuse reflection plate 102 is progressively diffused and reflected at the diffused reflection plate 1〇2 having unevenness, since the influence of the oblique incident light becomes large, the contrast is remarkably lowered. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a reflective liquid crystal display device having low cost, high reflectivity and contrast ratio, and a paper size for use in components suitable for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) specifications (21) 〇><297 public Chu) 6 1300154 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (4. Substrate of reflective liquid crystal display device. It is assumed that the substrate for the reflective liquid crystal display device provides a light reflection that forms an uneven shape at the reflective surface. The plate and the reflecting surface are composed of a plurality of small mirrors, and the above object is achieved by a probability distribution in which the direction of the orthogonal vector of the small mirror surface thereof exists in the azimuth range of φη to φη+l. The substrate of the reflective liquid crystal display device having a quasi-bias of more than 0.1 is achieved. The short description of the circle is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure and operation principle of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the first type for carrying out the present invention. 2 and 2 are diagrams showing a reflective liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1-1 of the first type for carrying out the invention as a mode; 苐3 The figure is a perspective view of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1-1 of the first type for carrying out the invention as a mode; Fig. 4 is a view showing light rays traveling from an arbitrary point si toward the origin When entering a polarizing plate 6 and further moving toward a diffuse reflection plate 2 to become a light beam L11 passing through the phase difference plate 6 and the liquid crystal layer 4, a change in phase difference δ of the light beam L11; FIG. 5 is a view showing a diffused reflection plate 2 is a positional relationship diagram between the uneven reflective surface and the spherical ruthenium layer; Fig. 6 is a graph showing the result of verifying the phase gap δ of the phase difference δ at the cell gap of 2 #m;结果 结果 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 位于 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7
Figure 8 shows the results of verifying the cell gap-dependent properties of the phase difference δ at the cell gap of 3.5// m; (Please read the back note first and then fill the page) Figure 9 shows the verification at 4 The result of the cell gap of the phase difference δ at the cell gap of # m is the result of the property; the first graph shows that the cell gap is 2 to 4 // m and the phase difference δ is 90. More than 25. Or a range diagram of the azimuth angle φ; and FIG. 11 is a view showing the diffuse reflection plate 2 having the reflection surface formed by the wrinkle-shaped uneven pattern according to the embodiment 1-1 of the first type for carrying out the invention. Figure
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the existence probability distribution of the orthogonal vector In of the small mirror surface 26 in the vicinity of the azimuth angle of the orthogonal vector Ι when the surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 is configured by the small mirror surface 26; The figure shows the azimuth (degrees) relative to the diffuser 2, the reflectance of the dark condition (%), the reflectance (%) of the bright condition, and a comparison chart; 镰· Figure b shows the relative vector In The direction, the existence probability map of the orthogonal vector In; Fig. 16 is a graph showing the azimuth angle of the diffuse reflection plate from the sample 丨 to the sample 3 obtained from the azimuth angle of the attribute shown in Fig. 15 The standard deviation diagram of the existence probability; Figure 17 is a graph showing the maximum and minimum values of the contrast at the varying azimuth of the diffuse reflector; Figure 18 is a graph showing the slope between the tilt angle and the reflectance in the direction of the polarity angle 0. The relationship diagrams; 19A to 19H are diagrams showing the paper size by changing the film thickness of the photoresist layer. Applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ297 public) 1300154 A7 ___B7 V. Description of invention (6 Wrinkled pattern Micromirror photograph (20 times); Fig. 20 is a graph showing the results of intermediate tilt, reflectance and contrast with respect to the polar angle direction; Fig. 21 shows the construction of a conventional reflective liquid crystal display device according to a single sheet polarizing plate system a sketch, and is a cross-sectional view showing the vertical display surface cutoff; FIGS. 22A and 22B are diagrams showing the liquid crystal molecules when the voltage is applied to a conventional reflective liquid crystal display device according to a single sheet polarizing plate system. Figure 23 is a schematic view showing another configuration of a conventional reflective liquid crystal display device according to a single sheet polarizing plate system, and is a cross-sectional view taken perpendicular to the display surface; Figs. 24A to 24C are shown on a reflective surface. A perspective view of the diffuse reflection plate 2 providing a corrugated uneven pattern; FIGS. 25A and 25B are diagrams showing the operation of the conventional reflective liquid crystal display device of the TN system; FIGS. 26A and 26B are diagrams showing An operational schematic diagram of a reflective liquid crystal display device of a second type of VA system of the invention; FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a second A simulation result diagram of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device; Fig. 28 is a simulation result diagram showing optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; A simulation result of the optical characteristics of the second type of reflective liquid crystal display device of the invention; the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the back note and then fill in the page) 1300154 A7 B7 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Fig. 30 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to the invention for carrying out the invention - Fig. 31 is for display according to For the invention of the flute - (please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) ~ simulation results of the optical characteristics of the Le-type reflective liquid crystal display device; Figure 32 shows the second according to the invention A simulation result diagram of the optical characteristics of the type of reflected gas liquid crystal display device; Fig. 33 is a view showing the reflected gas liquid according to the second type for carrying out the invention A simulation result diagram of the optical characteristics of the display device; FIG. 34 is a simulation result diagram showing the optical characteristics of the reflection gas liquid crystal display device according to the second type for carrying out the invention; FIG. 35 is a view showing the FIG. 36 is a simulation result showing the optical characteristics of the reflective gas liquid crystal display device according to the second type for carrying out the invention; _· Figure 37 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflection gas liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; and Fig. 38 is a view showing opticals of a reflection gas liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention. FIG. 39 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; FIG. 40 is a view showing reflection according to a second type for performing the invention. Simulation result diagram of optical characteristics of a liquid crystal display device; Fig. 41 is a view showing reflection according to a second type for performing the invention Simulation results of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device; The paper scale is applicable to the Chinese national standard (〇^ A4 specification (21〇)<297 mm) 1300154 A7 _B7_ V. Invention description (8) Figure 42 shows the basis FIG. 43 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflective gas liquid crystal display device according to a second type of invention to be invented; FIG. 44 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; FIG. 45 is a view showing optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention. Figure 46 is a simulation result showing the optical characteristics of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the second type for carrying out the invention; Fig. 47 is a view showing the second type according to the invention for performing the invention. a simulation result diagram of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device; Fig. 48 is a view showing the second type of reflective liquid crystal according to the invention FIG. 49 is a graph showing simulation results of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; FIG. 50 is a view showing the invention according to the invention. FIG. 51 is a simulation result diagram showing optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second type for carrying out the invention; FIG. 52 is a view showing a simulation result of optical characteristics of a reflective liquid crystal display device of the second type; Wherein the uneven portion is formed in a reflection characteristic diagram of the diffuse reflection plate 2 on the surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the second type for carrying out the invention; FIGS. 53A to 53D are diagrams showing the refractive index ellipsoid; the paper The scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210><297 public love) (please read the note on the back and fill the nest page) _ .镰— 11 1300154 V. Inventions (9 / No., A schematic diagram according to a method for performing the invention is described; the first-release map of the i-type is viewed from the front-facing direction of the substrate surface according to the third type for performing the invention. Alignment control structure diagram in Embodiment 3.1; Fig. 56 is a structural diagram showing a third mode according to the third type for carrying out the invention; Fig. 57 is a diagram showing the third type according to the invention for carrying out the invention A structural view of the eighth solution; FIGS. 58A to 58F are photographs showing the observation observed in the alignment according to the third embodiment for carrying out the invention; and FIGS. 59A and 59B. The observation photographs obtained by the alignment observation in Example 3-3 according to the third type for carrying out the invention are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [First Model for Realizing the Invention] A substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device and a reflective liquid crystal display device using a substrate according to the first type for carrying out the invention will be referred to the first aspect. To the 20th figure, it will be explained. First, the ία and 1B diagrams will be used, and a schematic diagram of the structure and operation principle of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the implementation will be explained. Figs. 1A and 1B show sections of the reflective liquid crystal display device 1 worn by the vertical display surface, Fig. 1A shows bright conditions (white display), and Fig. 1B shows dark conditions (black display). A diffuse reflection plate 2 having an uneven reflection surface is formed on an unexposed substrate. A phase difference paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)., 一蠊 - 12 1300154 A7 _ B7 V. Description of invention ( 1GY " ~~ board (for example, λ/4 board) 6 is disposed on an undisplayed facing substrate facing the reflective surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 through a predetermined cell gap substrate. A polarizing plate 8 is disposed at The external light is incident on the side of the phase difference plate 6. A liquid crystal layer 4 is sealed in a predetermined cell gap, and a vertical alignment film (not shown) is formed at the boundary of the liquid crystal layer 4 of the two substrates. The liquid crystal layer 4' has a negative-electron anisotropy va-type liquid crystal in which liquid crystal molecules vertically aligned with the film boundary are almost vertically positioned under the condition that a voltage is not applied between the two substrates. The reflective liquid crystal display device 1 of the system performs display of a general black type indicating dark conditions when no voltage is applied. It is considered that the polarizing plate 8 has a polarization axis 10 (light transmission axis) parallel to the surface of the paper of the first drawing. When external Light (represented by light L1 of linearly polarized light having a polarization orientation of 1 平行 with a parallel polarization axis, and light ray L2 having linearly polarized light having a polarization angle perpendicular to L1 and perpendicular to the surface of the paper) enters the polarization from the display surface At the time of the plate 8, the light ray L2 is absorbed at the polarizing plate 8, and only the light ray L1 is transmitted by the polarizing plate 8. Next, the light ray L1 enters the λ/4 plate 6, and becomes a light L3 of circularly polarized light (for example, from the face of traveling) The right-handed image in the direction of the direction) enters the liquid crystal layer 4. The liquid crystal molecules 4a are tilted toward the liquid crystal layer 4 in a state where the voltage is applied, and the light ray L3 becomes formed by the delay due to the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules 4a. The linearly polarized light beam L4 of the polarization direction parallel to the surface of the paper is reflected at the diffuse reflection plate 2 and enters the liquid crystal layer 4 again. The light beam L4 becomes a right-handed circularly polarized light again due to the retardation of the liquid crystal layer 4. Down, the light L5 enters the λ /4 plate 6 and becomes the light L6 of the circularly polarized light parallel to the surface of the paper, and the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) ........ ... Tr.:....... _ (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) 13 1300154 A7 _____B7 V. Description of invention (11) From the 1/4 plate 6. The polarization of the light L6 Parallel to the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 8 so that L6 penetrates the polarizing plate 8 and is emitted from the display surface and is displayed in white. On the other hand, in FIG. 1B, when external light enters the polarizing plate 8 from the display surface, The light ray L2 is absorbed at the polarizing plate 8, and only the light ray L1 penetrates the polarizing plate 8. Next, the light ray 11 enters the /4 plate 6, becomes a right-handed circularly polarized light L3, and enters the liquid crystal layer 4. The liquid crystal molecules 4a stand almost perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer 4 under the condition that the voltage is not applied and the retardation is not generated. Therefore, the light ray L3 enters into the diffuse reflection plate 2 which maintains the right-handed circularly polarized light condition. Since the light ray L3 is reflected by the diffusion inverse 2, it is converted 180 in the traveling direction. The direction of rotation of the circularly polarized polarized light actually becomes opposite, which becomes the left-handed circularly polarized light L7, and enters the liquid crystal layer 4 again. Since the light L7 is not affected by the retardation at the liquid crystal layer 4, the light L7 enters the /4 plate 6 which maintains the left-handed circularly polarized light condition, and the light L7 becomes a linearly polarized light ls perpendicular to the surface of the paper, and ; 1/4 board 6 is shot. Since the polarization direction of the light beam L8 crosses at the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 8, the L8 is absorbed at the polarizing plate 8, so that the light is not emitted from the display surface, resulting in black display. Therefore, in order to obtain a black condition, it is necessary to make incident light into circularly polarized light at the diffuse reflection plate 2. However, since the retardation of the λ/4 plate 6 and the liquid crystal layer 4 change for oblique incident light rays obliquely reaching the display surface, a delay occurs and the oblique incident light rays become elliptically polarized light at the diffuse reflection plate 2. By not reflecting this reflected light to observe the direction of the display surface, good dark conditions may be achieved. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the note on the back and fill out this page), t-t, -14 - 1300154 A7 B7 V. Invention description (12 By making the surface structure of the diffuse reflection plate 2 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B into an uneven structure having a reflection directivity in the azimuth direction, it is possible to suppress a decrease in contrast. In particular, it is assumed that the surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 is diffused. The uneven structure is organized by a plurality of small mirrors, and the standard deviation of the probability distribution may be greater than 〇·1 by making the direction of the orthogonal vector of the small mirrors in the range of 11 to 11+1. The contrast-type liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment for carrying out the invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments. [Embodiment 1-1] Figures 2A and 2B show the reflection according to the invention as a pattern. Liquid crystal display device. Fig. 2A is a perspective view showing the lamination conditions of the optical elements, and Fig. 2B is a view showing the arrangement relationship of the optical axes. Fig. 2B will be described later. The phase difference plate 6 has First a difference plate 12 (made of a resin having a norbornene structure; 1/2) and a second phase difference plate 14 (λ/4 made by the same description) to realize a pattern as shown in FIG. 2A The wideband λ/4 plate is shown. The phase difference plate 6 is further interposed by a third phase difference plate 16 (which is compensated for by the oblique incidence between the broadband/4 plate and the liquid crystal layer 4).
Sumitomo Chemical's negative retardation film vac 75 will be used). For the liquid crystal layer 4, a liquid crystal material (from Merk Japan Co., Ltd.) having a negative dielectric anisotropy and a refractive index difference of Δn^0·1 was used. The polarizing plate 8 has a polarizing film 20 (G1220DU from Nitto Denko Co., Ltd.) and a TAC (triethyl fluorenyl cellulose) film 18. Even at the tac paper scale, it is 21GX297mm) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) _Book | 15 1300154 A7 _____B7___ V. Invention Description (13) The delay in the film 18 will exist. Therefore, it is necessary to consider. Fig. 3 is a view showing the display of the polarization condition (phase difference 5) of the incident light 11 on the diffuse reflection plate 2 by applying the VA type reflective liquid crystal display device 1 of the configuration shown in Figs. The state of the surface light to be tested. The embodiment will use the following by setting the center of the display surface of the display image as the origin 0 of the coordinate system; the horizontal direction parallel to the display surface passing through the origin 订 is set to the X-axis (in the schema) The middle right side is positive); the direction is parallel to the display surface and intersects with the X axis at a right angle as the y axis (positive in the upper right of the figure); and the orthogonal direction of the display surface is set to the Z axis (in The coordinate system at the bottom of the figure is positive). In any point Si of the three-dimensional space shown in the coordinate system, the azimuth angle φί (the angle measured from the square of the X-axis clock) is the Si projection at any point and the origin 0 coordinate on the X_y surface and the χ axis. The angle between them, and the pole angle 0i (the angle measured from the negative side of the Ζ axis) is the angle between the straight line and the Z axis. When traveling from any point Si to the origin 〇, further passing through the phase difference plate 6 and the liquid crystal layer 4 to the diffuse reflection plate 2 as the light L1 光线 L1 〇 (wavelength λ = 550 nm) enters the polarizing plate 8, the light L11 The phase difference 5 is shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4, the horizontal axis represents the pole angle θί (degrees) of the process of the light ray L1 ,, and the vertical axis represents the phase difference 5 (degree; shown by the absolute value) of the light ray L11. In the figure, the azimuth angle φ ΐ is from the azimuth angle φ 〇 == 〇. To φ17=170. Eighteen identical azimuthal curves φ 至 to φ 17 calculated every 10 degrees are plotted. At this time, the thickness (ζ direction; cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer 4 is 3 // m 〇 As seen from Fig. 4, the phase difference 5 becomes almost 9 〇. , and the paper does not apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) " ::4 (please read the note on the back and fill out this page). Yes, Φ 16 1300154 A7 ______B7_ V. Invention Description (14) According to the pole angle ΘΗ0. The nearby phase angle 4 > i, and the circularly polarized light is obtained. It is known that when the pole angle θί becomes large, the phase difference 5 will be from 90. A sharp transition, in particular a phase difference of 5 will be φ ΐ 1 = 110. To φΐ 5 = 150. The phase angle is from 90. It disappeared dramatically. The result of observing the reflective liquid crystal display device using the diffused reflection plate 2 by a microscope is shown in Fig. 5. When the diffusing reflection plate 2 having the uneven portion is used, since the amplitude of the uneven portion of about 1 μm exists, the cell gap will change as shown by the widths G1 and G2 of Fig. 5. It is known that, for the cell gap control, a circular underlayer 22 is formed at the hollow portion of the uneven portion of the reflective surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2, as shown in Fig. 5. The numeral symbol 24 in Fig. 5 shows a side opposite to the substrate. Therefore, when a liquid crystal panel with a cell gap of 3 // m, 3.5 // m or 4 // m is fabricated, the cell gap will be 2 to 3 // m, 2 · 5 to 3 · 5 // Change between m or 3 to 4/zm. According to the gaps, the cell gap of the phase difference 5 at the cell gap of 2 to 4 # m is tested from the property. The results are shown in Figures 6-9. In Figs. 6 to 9, the horizontal axis represents the polar angle (degrees) of the progress of the light ray L10, and the vertical axis represents the phase difference δ (degrees) of the light ray L11. In the figure, eighteen for the azimuth buckle from the azimuth angle φ 〇 = 〇. To φ17 = 170. The same azimuth curves φ0 to φ 17 measured every 10 degrees are plotted. As is clear from the figures 6 to 9, when the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 4 is changed, the hysteresis of the oblique incidence changes and the viewing angle characteristic changes abruptly. The relationship between the change in cell pitch and the phase difference δ obtained according to Figs. 6 to 9 is shown together in Fig. 10. Because it is known from the results of the observation that the dark strip paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) - t------------;-......---...:t (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) -17 - 1300154 A7 ______B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (15) The light leakage in the phase difference is 5 from 9〇. Turned to 25. Or larger, it will become larger, so the first map shows when the cell gap is 2 to 4 v m and the phase difference 3 is from 9 〇. The range of azimuth buckles when turned to 25 or more. As shown in Fig. 1, the phase difference δ will be azimuth φ = 1 于 at the cell gap of 2# m. Up to 5 baht. From 9 〇. Change to 25. Or bigger. In addition, the phase difference 5 will be at azimuth angle φ = 30 at the cell gap of 25#m. At a cell gap of 3 // m, the azimuth angle is φ=12〇. To 140 ' at a cell gap of 3.5/zm with an azimuth angle φ = 1 〇〇〇; and at a m cell gap with an azimuth angle φ = 〇. To 1〇. And medium = 5〇. To 18 baht. From 9 〇. Transform to 25° or more. Therefore, when the design value of the cell gap is, for example, 3 # m, it is well known that the phase difference δ will be from 90. Sharply change so that when the azimuth angle is φ=1〇. To 50. And the azimuth angle φ = 12 〇. To 14 baht. The incoming light L1 〇 reaches the diffusing reflecting plate 2 and becomes a phase difference δ applied to the cell gap of 2 to 3/zm in the first drawing, which is from 90. Convert to 25. Or a larger condition of light LI 1 becomes a light leak. Similarly, when the design value of the cell gap is 3.5 V m, since the cell gap can be changed within 2.5 to 3 · 5 // m, it is well known that the phase difference δ will be from 90. Sharply convert so when the azimuth angle is φ=3〇. And azimuth Φ = 1 〇〇 ° to 160. When the incoming light beam L10 reaches the diffusing reflection plate 2 and becomes the light beam LI1, it becomes a light leak. Further, when the design value of the cell gap is 4 M m , since the cell gap can be changed within 25 to 3.5 # m, it is known that the phase difference δ is from 90. Sharply convert so when the azimuth angle φ = 〇. To 1〇. With azimuth angle φ = 50. To 180. When the incoming light beam L10 reaches the diffuse reflection plate 2 and becomes the light beam L11, it becomes a light leak. In order to cause such light leakage, the light will not be reflected to the reflective liquid crystal paper size. _ Fresh ((10) Α 4 specifications (10) χ 297 public) (please read the notes on the back and fill in the guest). Order 18 1300154 A7 B7
Description of the invention (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) ., can be displayed in the viewing direction of the device, so the light at the incident azimuth angle φ causing the light leakage will not be reflected to the orthogonal direction of the panel surface. The uneven portion is formed on the reflective surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2. That is, the inclined surface is not extended to have the maximum benefit of reflecting the incident light from the azimuth angle φί in the orthogonal direction (the azimuth angle (φ ί + 90°)) which causes the light to leak to the panel surface. Therefore, when the design value of the cell gap is 3 from m, the shape of the reflecting surface is formed so that the corresponding azimuth angle φ = 1 〇. To 50. With φ=12〇. The tilt to 140° is as small as possible. As the shape of the reflective surface, a diffuse reflection plate 2 having a reflective surface constituted by an irregularly-shaped irregular shape shown in Fig. 11 is formed on each pixel on a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate. . The diffuse reflection plate 2 serves as an image electrode formed at each pixel, and is electrically connected to the source and the upper side of the TFT which is not displayed. The diffuse reflection plate 2 is manufactured in the following manner: (1) A 3 #m thick photoresist layer is formed by applying a positive-type phenolic resin photoresist on a TFT substrate using a spin coater; (2) at a temperature Prebaking at 90 ° C for 2 minutes is performed using a hot plate on the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate; (3) Prebaking at a temperature of 135 ° C for 80 minutes for the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate (4) Irradiation with UV (ultraviolet light) having an irradiation energy of 2600 mJ/cm 2 for the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate; (5) Final baking for 60 minutes at a temperature of 215 ° C The photoresist layer on the TFT substrate is performed using a clean oven such that a wrinkled shape pattern is formed on the surface of the photoresist layer; and the paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210×297 mm) 19 1300154 A7 ____B7_ V. INSTRUCTIONS (17) (6) 200 nm thick A1 (aluminum) is formed on the photoresist layer by sputtering, so the A1 layer acts as a diffuse reflection plate (plate) and the shape of the reflective surface becomes reflected (please Read the precautions on the back and fill out this page. Wrinkles uneven shape (uneven bellows structure (object)). As shown in Fig. 11, the gate bus bar and the drain bus bar extend to the azimuth angle φ = 处 at the diffuse reflection plate 2 on the surface of the TFT substrate. To 9 〇. In the direction. For this reason, a wrinkle uneven shape reflecting the shape of the bus bars is formed. The surface shape is measured by AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), and it is assumed that the surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 is organized by a small mirror 26 as shown in Fig. 12, and the existence probability distribution of the orthogonal vector In of the small mirror 26 is orthogonal to The azimuth angle φη is obtained. The three-dimensional coordinate system of X-y-X in Fig. 12 is the same as the coordinate system shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 13, the horizontal axis represents the direction of the orthogonal vector In having the azimuth angle φη, and the existence probability of the vertical axis surface orthogonal vector In. As shown in Fig. 13, the azimuth angle φη=0. With φ=90. Many of the slopes exist on the positive vector In. Although the local maximum of the existence probability will exist in any position in this embodiment with an orientation intersecting at right angles, the local maximum of the existence probability will only exist in any orientation. A VA type reflective liquid crystal display device was manufactured using the diffuse reflection plate 2. A vertical alignment film was used, and 3 β m particles from Sekisui Precision Chemical Co. were used for the spherical layer. The reflectance measurement of dark conditions (used with a complete sphere) was tested by soldering the polarizing plate 8 to the reflective cell using the phase difference plate 6 described in Fig. 2A. Fig. 2B shows the case where the x_y surface is viewed from the z direction for the ix_y_z coordinate system shown in Fig. 3. As shown in Figure 2B, the polarizing plate 8 is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). 20 1300154 A7 B7 5. Inventive Note (the light absorption axis of the polarizing film 20 of is (perpendicular to the polarization axis) The direction) and the retardation axis of the TAC film are parallel and fixed to the azimuth angle φ=15. Here, when ηχ and ny replace the refractive index in the surface direction of the film and the laser replaces the refractive index in the thickness direction, the 'lag axis' is expressed in The refractive index of the film surface direction is caught by the larger axis between ny. Returning to Fig. 2B, the retardation axis of the first phase difference plate 12 of the phase difference plate 6 is at the azimuth angle φ = 25, and the second phase difference The plate is parallel to the lag axis of the third phase difference plate 16 and has an azimuth angle of φ = 80. With respect to the structure of the optical axis of the second drawing, the diffusion reflection of the laminated structure of the optical film shown in Fig. 2 is used. The plate 2 is provided with a diffuse reflection plate 2 of a wrinkle uneven shape as shown in Fig. 11, and the reflectance is measured by rotating the laminated structure to a direction in which the coordinate origin is in the azimuth angle Φ of the coordinate. In the dark condition where the voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal layer 4 And the reflectance of the diffuse reflection plate 2 in a bright condition in which a driving voltage of 5 Torr is applied between the liquid crystal layers 4. From the measurement data, the contrast is calculated. The result is shown in Fig. 14. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the azimuth (degrees) of the diffuse reflector 2, the vertical axis on the left represents the reflectance (%) of the dark condition, and the vertical axis on the right represents the reflectance (%) of the bright condition. For example, U As shown in the figure, it is known that the reflectivity of dark conditions will be in the square; the vertical angles Φ = 〇〇 (= 18 〇.) and Φ, are significantly decreased, and high contrast is obtained. In the reflector 2, many inclinations will be in the direction of φ=〇. There is a direction of Φ=9〇°, and there is very little inclination in the direction of azimuth angle 45 and medium=135. Because of this, _ slave square (four) Φ =ο. With φ,. The light entering is used more, but the other side, from the azimuth (4). The more the paper scale depends on the standard of the home _ A4 specification (2) 〇χ 297 mm 7
!...-:t...: (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) •,^τ— Meal · 21 1300154 A7 I----------- B7 V. Inventions (19) ^ "— Φ=135. The usage factor of the incoming light will be smaller. Because in the azimuth angle Φ = Η). To 50. And the azimuth angle φ = 12 〇. To 14 baht. The light in the direction becomes + circularly polarized light as shown in the figure U). Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 4 combined with the polarizing plate 8 and the phase difference plate 6 is suitable for reducing the use coefficient of the light. Therefore, high contrast is obtained by reducing the reflectance of dark conditions. [Embodiment 1-2] The characteristics in the case where the azimuth of the surface shape of the diffuse reflection plate 2 was changed from the property were tested. The orientation property of the orthogonal vector Ιη of the small mirror 26 using the surface shape of the diffuse reflection plate 2 is shown in Fig. 15. In Fig. 15, the horizontal axis represents the direction of the orthogonal vector having the azimuth angle ηφ, and the vertical axis represents the existence probability of the orthogonal vector. The sample 丨 in the figure is the diffuse reflection plate 2 of Example 1-1, and the sample 3 is a conventional diffusion reflection plate including a circular pattern according to orientation. Sample 2 is a diffuse reflection plate 2 having an intermediate orientation dependency of the above two samples. The diffused reflection plate 2 of the sample 2 was produced by the following method: (1) A 3/zm thick photoresist layer was formed by applying a positive-type phenolic resin photoresist on a TFT substrate using a spin coater; 2) The TFT substrate is dried under reduced pressure; (3) Prebaking at a temperature of 90 ° C for 2 minutes for the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate using a hot plate; | (4) with temperature Baking after 135 ° C for 80 minutes is performed using a clean oven for the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate; (5) For the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate, the paper has a standard of 2600 mJ/cm 2 for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) ) A4 size (210X297 mm)
Order · t- (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) -22 - 1300154 A7 _B7_ V. Invention (20) Irradiation energy UV (ultraviolet light) for irradiation; (6) For TFT substrate The photoresist layer is finally baked at a temperature of 215 ° C for 60 minutes using a clean oven, such a pattern of wrinkled shapes is formed on the surface of the photoresist layer; and (7) 200 nm thick A1 is formed by mining On the photoresist layer, the A1 layer acts as a diffuse reflection plate (plate) and the reflective surface shape becomes a wrinkle uneven shape that reflects the lower photoresist layer wrinkle pattern. The diffuse reflection plate 2 of the sample 3 was produced by the following method: (1) A 3 #m thick photoresist layer was formed by applying a positive-type phenolic resin photoresist to a TFT substrate using a spin coater; 2) Pre-baking the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate at a temperature of 90 °C for 20 minutes using a clean oven; (3) Using a circular pattern of 10//m diameter randomly arranged on the photoresist layer (4) Developing a photoresist layer on the TFT substrate using a developing solution MF319 (manufactured by Shipley Co., Ltd.) for 1 minute; (5) using a clean oven for a photoresist layer on the TFT substrate at a temperature of 125 Post-baking at °C for 40 minutes; (6) Irradiation with UV (ultraviolet light) having an irradiation energy of 1300 mJ/cm2 for the photoresist layer on the TFT substrate; (7) For the photoresist on the TFT substrate The layer was finally baked at a temperature of 215 ° C for 60 minutes using a clean oven; and (8) 200 nm thick A1 was formed on the photoresist layer by ruthenium plating. The paper scale obtained from the azimuth of the attribute shown in Figure 15 is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --------9------- -----------,玎---------------Φ (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 23 1300154 A7 ----- --------B7 V. Inventive Note (21) '- J The unsteady reflection plate of unsample 1 to sample 3 is shown in Figure 16 in the standard deviation of the existence probability of the diffuse reflection plate under the attribute. . In Figure 16, the left side of the table does not have a sample number, the middle item represents the standard deviation amount, and the right item I ° uses the current diffuse reflector, such as sample 3, which has an azimuth dependency, making a very small standard deviation. The amount (=0.10) is displayed. On the other hand, Sample 2 showed a relatively large standard deviation amount (〇.32)' and Example 1 of the uneven shape of Example 显示 showed a large standard deviation amount (=0.56). A reflective liquid crystal display device is formed using these diffusing reflection plates, and a vA type liquid crystal panel combined with the polarizing plate 8 and the phase difference plate 6 shown in Figs. 2A and 2B is manufactured. The reflectivity of these panels is measured in the case of a complete sphere. The maximum value and the minimum value of the contrast in the direction in which the diffused reflection plate is changed are shown in Fig. 17. From Fig. 17, it can be found that it is difficult to change the maximum and minimum values of the contrast in the sample 3 (conventional technique). In Sample 1 and Sample 2, it is known that the standard deviation amount (= 〇 32 to 0.56; expected 〇 from the orientation of the attribute from the orientation of the property having the shape of the diffuse reflector as shown in Fig. 16 • 5 or larger) becomes larger, so the maximum contrast becomes higher than the conventional mode (standard deviation amount = 0.10). [Example 1-3] Fine results from Fig. 10 In the design of the cell thicknesses of 3·5//ιη and 4#m, the orientation of the diffusing reflection plate 2 is not required to be the azimuth angle φ=3〇. With φ=100. To 160. (center orientation φ = ΐ 30ο) and φ = 50ο to 190 〇 (center position φ = 120°). Therefore, there will be many extensions tilted to φ=3〇. With φ=13〇. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) -Settings - 24 1300154 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (22 and φ=120. The inclined surface. φ = 3 〇 ^ φ = 13 〇, or φ = 14 〇〇 can be achieved by a wrinkle pattern that intersects almost at right angles, and φ = 120° can be realized by a long-shaped wrinkle pattern [Embodiment 1-4] The orientation from which the tilt angle 0 is inclined at the surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 is studied. Fig. 18 shows the case where the polarity angle 0 and the inclination of the diffused reflection plate 2 are assumed to be normal distribution. The relationship between the reflectances. As shown in Fig. 8, when the parallel beam enters the polarizing plate 8 at a certain incident angle, it is known that the incident angle at the surface of the face where the diffused diffusing plate 2 is inserted becomes more Large, the average tilt angle of the polar angle Θ direction of the maximum reflectance becomes larger. It is known from Fig. 18 that the average tilt of the polar angle 0 direction of the maximum reflectance is obtained by 30, 45, and 60. The angles will become 7., 1〇, and 13. respectively. In the actual environment of the liquid crystal display device 1, light can enter from various directions. Therefore, the bright reflective liquid crystal display device can make the average tilt angle of the polar angle 变成 direction become close to 7 ◦ to 15 by designing the diffused reflection plate 2. Next, a VA-type reflective liquid crystal display device (a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy Δη = 0.1) was used, and a cell gap of 3 / / m was used in the average tilt angle. The diffused reflector 2 was fabricated by the following method: (1) A photoresist layer was coated on a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate by using a spin coater to apply a phenolic resin photoresist to a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate. (2) Pre-bake the photoresist on the substrate at a temperature of 90 ° C using a clean oven (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). • Yes _ ♦ 25 1300154 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention ( Μ) Layer 2 minutes; (3) Use UV (ultraviolet) light with an irradiation energy of 2600 mJ/cm2 for the photoresist layer on the substrate; (4) Final baking at a temperature of 215 °C using a clean oven The photoresist layer on the substrate for 60 minutes, The pattern of the corrugated shape is formed on the surface of the photoresist layer; and (5) 200 nm thick A1 is formed on the photoresist layer by sputtering, such that the A1 layer acts as a diffuse reflection plate (plate) and is optical The shape of the reflective surface becomes a wrinkled uneven shape that reflects the wrinkle pattern of the lower photoresist layer. In order to change the average tilt of the polar angle ,, the film thickness of the photoresist layer is adjusted. Figures 19A to 19H show the change of the photoresist layer by A photomicrograph (20 times) of the wrinkle shape pattern formed by the film thickness. Fig. 19A shows an example of a wrinkle pattern of a photoresist layer having a film thickness of 4 #m. Similarly, Fig. 19B shows an example of a wrinkle pattern having a photoresist layer of 3.5 / zm; i9c shows a photoresist layer of 3 / / m; 19D shows a photoresist layer of 2.5 / zm; 2 / m of the photoresist layer; and 19F shows the 1.5 # m photoresist layer. Figure 19G shows a photoresist layer of 1/zm, while Figure 19H shows a photoresist layer of 0_7 // m. As can be seen from the figures 19A to 19H, the amplitude of the wrinkle pattern can be drastically changed by changing the film thickness of the photoresist layer. The surface of the diffuse reflection plate 2 manufactured by this method was measured using AFM, and an average tilt angle was obtained.
The results of the reflectance and contrast for the average tilt angle of each of the polar angle directions measured using the complete sphere are shown in Fig. 20. 2A and 2B This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). A ' -26 - ..... order (please read the note on the back and then fill in this page) 5. Invention Description ( 24) The state of the hierarchy is used for the polarizing plate 8 and the phase difference plate 6. From the 20th, it is known that the apex of the reflectance is picked up near the average inclination, and the contrast is lowered when the average inclination becomes large. The reason why the tendency of the reflectance is different from the simulation result of the diffused light shown in Fig. 18 is that the inclination distribution of the diffused reflection plate 2 used does not follow the general distribution. The reason why the contrast is significantly reduced at a large average inclination is that the larger the average inclination, the incident light from the direction of the large polar angle e is reflected to the orthogonal direction of the panel. That is, since the light which is not sufficiently compensated by the phase difference plate 6 is used for display, the contrast is drastically lowered. Therefore, it is not desirable to make the average tilt angle large, and it is known that about 7 from the viewpoint of reflectance and contrast. To 15. The average inclination needs to be used. As described above, according to the mode for realizing the invention, a low-reflection reflective liquid crystal display device which suppresses the contrast and high reflectance due to hysteresis can be realized. Although the wrinkle shape pattern of the uneven shape is discussed in the mode for realizing the invention, the uneven shape of the anisotropy of the azimuth direction of the circle, the rectangle, and the triangle can obtain a similar effect. Type 2] By borrowing, the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the second mode for realizing the invention will use the 24A to the other. When the constituent elements according to the mode for realizing the invention are functionally identical to the components according to the first mode for realizing the invention, the same reference numerals will be applied and the description will be omitted. Although there is 1300154 A7 in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 232465/1993, the invention description (25^~ Jie Lu in the art of cooking technology regarding the manufacturing method of the diffuse reflection plate, but in In the method of the present invention, the uneven portion is formed on the reflective pixel electrode using lithography. In the present method, the high reflectance can be obtained by forming an arbitrary uneven shape on the diffused reflection plate. The manufacturing process becomes complicated because the shape of the reflective surface of the diffused reflector is controlled by the lithography technique in the method. Furthermore, since the uneven shape formed by the exposure conditions changes and the light reflection characteristics sharply change, Therefore, there is a problem that the limit of the manufacturing process is narrow. As a method of improving such a problem, a reflective liquid crystal display device having a diffuse reflection plate which provides a wrinkled uneven shape (microgroove) on an optical reflective surface is Applicant proposes that the crease uneven shape is formed by a photoresist (photosensitive resin) layer formed on a substrate by thermal deformation characteristics (Tg point and melting temperature). The thickness direction is formed by heat treatment after being distributed in the plane direction. Figs. 24A to 24C are perspective views showing the diffuse reflection plate 2 which provides a wrinkled uneven shape on the optical reflection surface. Fig. 24A shows by 1.7 / After forming a wrinkled uneven shape on the upper surface of the zm thick photoresist film, the crucible is formed by depositing a wrinkled uneven shape formed by A1 of 200 nm thick. The undulating uneven portion is 1.3 // m, and the average of the uneven portion is The inclination angle k = 13°. Fig. 24B shows the wrinkle uneven shape formed by sputtering deposition of A1 thickness of A1 after forming a wrinkled uneven shape on the upper surface of the 1.4//m thick photoresist film. The wavy uneven portion is hi /zm, and the uneven portion has an average tilt angle k=11. Fig. 24C shows that after the wrinkle uneven shape is formed on the upper surface of the 1 #m thick photoresist film Sputtering deposits a wrinkled uneven shape formed by a 200 nm thick A1. This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public Chu) ------------,::^- -------------------Φ, (Please read the notes on the back and fill in Page) 28 1300154 A7 -——-------B7_ V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (26) The unevenness of the wave opening is 〇·5 " m, and the average inclination angle of the uneven portion is k=80. According to the diffuse reflection plate 2 shown in Figs. 24A to 24C, the manufacturing procedure is simplified and the yield is improved. Further, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and stable and the same reflection characteristics are obtained. However, although the diffuse reflection plate 2 is reflecting It is very superior in characteristics, but it has a problem that the reflection performance cannot be sufficiently displayed when it is used in a conventional TN mode reflective liquid crystal display device. The principle of operation of the conventional TN mode and the reflective liquid crystal display device of the va mode used in the mode for realizing the invention is shown in Figs. 25A and 26. Although the structures shown in Figs. 25A, 26A, and 26B are similar to those shown in Figs. 21, 22A, and 22B, a pair of opposing substrates 112 and 114 are additionally displayed. The liquid crystal molecules 1?4a were twisted by about 6 Torr under the condition that no voltage was applied as shown in Fig. 25A. Under this condition, the white display is realized by making the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer 104 similar to the /4 phase difference plate, and the very wide reflection characteristic is combined with the diffuse reflection plate 2 which forms the wrinkle pattern at the reflective surface. And got it. On the other hand, the black display is carried out under the condition that the voltage is applied as shown in Fig. 25B by making the hysteresis as small as possible, ideally only possible to approach the crucible. However, in order for the liquid crystal molecules 104a to stand completely vertically, it is necessary to apply a very high voltage and it is not feasible. For this reason, only a contrast ratio of about 15 was obtained with an applied voltage of 4 to 5 volts under the contrast ratio in the complete sphere evaluation. On the contrary, in the VA mode reflective liquid crystal display device shown in Figs. 26A and 26B, the liquid crystal molecules 105a have no voltage as shown in Fig. 26A, which is the standard of the paper scale _ A4 specification (2) 〇χ 29·) ^ - 29 - (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) ·, ^τ— • Aw. V. Description of invention (3〇) Used to have negative refractive index anisotropy in the direction of the surface of the vertical substrate The manner in which the phase difference plate compensates for the hysteresis of the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is a well-known technique (see British Patent No. 1462, 978 and Japanese Patent Application No. 266889/1997). This mode suppresses light leakage from the oblique direction by making the hysteresis df · {(ηχ + ηγ)/2_ηζ} of the phase difference plate almost the same as the hysteresis dk · of the liquid crystal layer. However, any technique is used to improve the viewing angle of the reflective liquid crystal display device, and it is impossible to completely compensate the black display of the reflective liquid crystal display device in this hysteresis. Fig. 52 is a view showing the reflection characteristic of the diffuse reflection plate 2 with respect to the formation of the uneven portion at the surface. The diffuse reflection plate 2 is designed such that external light is received and reflected to the side of the viewer. Although the light quality of the received outer boundary light is increased by making the reception angle θ of the external light larger, it is not desirable because the light intensity is reduced when the light is reflected at the boundary when the reception angle Θ1 is too large. The reception angle θ 1 of the light reflected to the side of the viewer (the orthogonal direction of the substrate) is provided by the inclination angle ζ of the uneven portion of the diffused reflection plate 2' and the inventors of the present application have proposed an optimization A reflector with a tilt angle distribution. In Fig. 52, the following conditions are arranged: air ν = 1. refractive index of 〇; refractive index of phase difference plate (PDP) N 1.5; and refractive index of liquid crystal ν 1.5. For the thickness of the PDP in the orthogonal direction of the substrate, dp is set, Θ2 represents the angle of refraction with respect to the reception angle (incident angle) Θ1, and 03 represents the angle of refraction with respect to Θ2 at the boundary between the PDP and the liquid crystal. Since the refractive indices of the PDP and the liquid crystal are almost equal, the following formula applies between them. Dp/cos02=dp/cos03 This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 33 13〇〇154 A7 —---- -B7_ V. Description of invention (31 ) Length of optical path At the PDP, dp/cos02=dp/cos2 (and die/c〇s03=dlc/cos2C in the liquid crystal that enters outward at the uneven portion of the diffuse reflection plate 2. On the other hand, the length is die in the liquid crystal, And the length returned to the PDP after reflection at the uneven portion is dp. In the case where the diffusing reflection plate 2 proposed by the inventors of the present application is applied, the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied is shown in Table 1. As shown in Fig. 53A, the PDP is assumed to have a refractive index ellipse having a negative dielectric anisotropy in the direction of the surface of the vertical substrate. Further, as shown in Fig. 53B, the liquid crystal is assumed to be perpendicular to A refractive index ellipse having a positive dielectric anisotropy in the direction of the surface of the substrate. When external light enters from the z-axis direction of the pattern at a tilt angle of the pattern, refractive index anisotropy is obtained. For example, FIGS. 53A and 53B As shown, for a normal shot of incident light with an incident angle Χ·Υ plane No and the extraordinary ray Ne are suitable for the minor axis and the major axis (or the main axis and the minor axis) of the elliptical portion cut by the elliptical refractive index ellipse at the plane of the x-axis rotation - 在 in this Χ-Υ plane, as shown in Figs. 53C and 53D Here, when the incident light enters from the orthogonal (Z-axis) direction at the Θ tilt angle, the YZ coordinates of Ny' and Nz' are expressed as Θ functions as shown in the 53C and 53D diagrams. By substituting the YZ coordinate value into the elliptic equation of the YZ plane, it is obtained as shown in the following formula 1. [Formula 1] Y2/Ny2+Z2/Nz2=l
Ny, 2cos20/Ny2+Ny, 2sin20/Nz2=l
Ny'2=l/(cos20/Ny2+sin20/Nz2)
Ny5=NyNz/(Nz2cos20+Ny2sin20)1/2=Nz/((Nz2/Ny2) cos20+(l-cos20))1/2 This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)
I 34 1300154 A7 ___B7____ V. Inventive Note (32) = Nz / (l - vcos20) 1/2 Here, v = (Ny2_Nz2) / Ny2 Similarly, Nz' is obtained as shown in the following formula 2. [Formula 2] Y2/Ny2+Z2/Nz2=l Nz'2sin20/Ny2+Nz'2cos20/Nz2=l Nz52=l/(sin20/Ny2+c〇s20/Nz2) Nz5=NyNz/(Nz2sin20+Ny2cos20) 1/2 = Nz / ((Nz2 / Ny2) (l-cos20) + cos20)) 1/2 = Nz / (Nz2 / Ny2 + vcos20) 1/2 According to this method, Θ and Nx ', Ny The relationship between 'Nz' and the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the inclination angle distribution of the uneven portion and the hysteresis of the phase difference plate are obtained. The thickness of the liquid crystal die is set to 3 μm, and the refractive index difference Δη between the abnormal ray and the normal ray is set to 0.1. As the liquid crystal travels from the upper substrate to the lower substrate (reflector side), the liquid crystal is inclined at an oblique angle ζ. Therefore, the incident angle Θ3 of the liquid crystal for external light becomes smaller from the upper substrate toward the lower substrate by a tilt angle ζ, and becomes smaller toward the inclination angle 随着 as it proceeds from the lower substrate to the upper substrate. (Please read the precautions on the back and fill out this page.) Yes, [Table 1] Reflector average tilt LCD phase difference (1) Compensation rate phase difference (2) Compensation rate ABC 13.06 8.98 7.67 46.77 23.14 17.09 15.26 9.05 7.53 32.6% 39.1% 44.1% 29.65 15.15 12.85 63.4% 69.8% 75.2% This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 35 1300154 V. Invention description (33 reflector average tilt liquid crystal layer phase difference (3) Compensation rate phase difference (4) Compensation rate ABCD 13.06 8.98 7.67 7.48 46.77 23.14 17.09 13.63 36.32 19.04 14.82 12.35 77.7% 82.3% 86.7% 90.6% 41.81 21.73 16.83 13.96 89.4% 93.9% 98.5% 102.4% Reflector average tilt LCD Layer phase difference (5) A 13.06 46.77 47.12 B 8.98 23.14 24.34 C 7.67 17.09 18.77 D 7.48 13.63 15.52 Compensation rate Tooj% 105.2% 109.8% 113.9% Phase difference (6) Compensation rate 51.34 25.96 19.76 16.15 109.8% 112.2% 115.6% 118.5 % (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page again) A7 B7 D 7.48 13.63 6.64 48.7% 10.92 80.1% ♦ The hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied The inclination angle distribution of the flat portion (inclination angle ζ and its existence rate) is obtained and is 17 nm ' in the shape of the corrugation, and the hysteresis is caused by the phase difference of the negative refractive index anisotropy in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. Plate compensation. It is assumed that the phase difference plate is a refractive index ellipse having a negative refractive index anisotropy in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and when the external light enters from the z-axis direction similar to the liquid crystal by θ inclination, the refractive index The anisotropy is obtained. The thickness dp of the phase difference plate is set to (l) 79^m; (2) 83/zm; (3) 87/zm; (4) 84^m; (5) 88/zm; And (6) 89 / / m, the refractive index difference {(nx + ny) / 2 - nz} in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate is set to (1) 〇. 〇〇〇 6; (2) 0.0013; (3) 0.0015; (4) 0.0018; (5) 0.0020; and (6) 0.0022, and assumes that there is no refractive index anisotropy in the parallel direction on the substrate surface (nx = ny). This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 36 1300154 A7 B7 V. Invention description (34) Generated at the phase difference plates (1) to (6) when the same optical path is used The hysteresis is shown in Table 1. Since the sample (5) becomes the same degree as the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer when the voltage is not applied with the reflection plate A as the interposition plate, the optimization compensation is performed. The hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer calculated here when the no voltage is applied varies with the die and Δη and is proportional to the straightness. Therefore, it is desirable to prefer the ratio of Δ η to use its own value in order to provide a hysteresis for compensating the phase difference plate. Since the hysteresis is represented by a value perpendicular or parallel to the surface of the substrate, it is desirable to replace the hysteresis of the phase difference plate with a value parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the substrate instead of the actual value obtained in the above case. By providing the hysteresis of the phase difference plate in this way, the following range is obtained. 0.5 [df· {(nxH-ny)/2-nz}]/(dlc · Δη) 0.7 Here, the phase difference plate is the most The reason why the hysteresis hysteresis has a certain extent is that the significant effect is expected to be compensated for the black display, even if the hysteresis of the phase difference plate is changed from the optimized value by about 1%. Although the retardation of the phase difference plate is optimized by the reflection plate proposed by the inventors of the present application, the hysteresis of the phase difference plate can be obtained even for other reflection plates by similar techniques. The results of the tilt angles measured by the various reflecting plates produced by the inventors using the calculation method, and the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layers obtained when no voltage was applied are shown in Table 1. When a reflector having an average tilt angle range of 7 to 13 degrees is applied, the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer to which no voltage is applied becomes about 14 to 47 nm, and the phase difference plates of the samples (3) to (6) are optimal. . By providing the hysteresis of the phase difference plate similarly obtained by the above method, the following ranges are obtained: The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the back note first and then fill in the page) • set — 37 1300154 A7 --------—-----B7 ______ V. Description of invention (35 ) 0.4 [df · {(nx+ny)/2-nz}]/(dlc · Δη) 0.7 Therefore, the hysteresis of the phase difference plate which completely compensates for the black display by the reflective liquid crystal display device of the Va mode applied to the reflecting plate having the uneven portion at the surface is generally provided in the following range. 0.4 [df · {(nx+ny)/2-nz}]/(dlc · Δη) 0.7 is inserted into the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell by the second phase difference plate having less wavelength dispersibility than the liquid crystal The orientation between and linearly polarized light is rotated by 90 with the phase difference plate. In order to be absorbed by the polarizing plate, a black display having a small wavelength dispersibility (a portion of visible light wavelength does not leak) can be caught. Here, it is desirable that the second-difference plate is disposed between the polarizing plate and the first phase difference plate, and is not desirably disposed between the first phase difference plate and the liquid crystal layer. The external light that becomes linearly polarized at the polarizing plate becomes circularly polarized light at the second phase difference plate. By arranging the second phase difference plate between the polarizing plate and the first phase difference plate, the first phase difference plate compensates at a position adjacent to light of almost the same polarization condition as the light enters the liquid crystal layer. (unlike accurately compensating for hysteresis), and polarized light is difficult to distribute. However, by arranging the second phase difference plate between the first phase difference plate and the liquid crystal layer, the first phase difference plate must compensate for the polarization different from the light entering in the liquid crystal layer by inserting the second phase difference plate. The light of the light condition, and the polarized light is easily distributed. As a result, it is desirable to be passed to the second phase difference plate between the polarizing plate and the first phase difference plate. According to the mode used to implement the invention, a paper with a low power consumption, low cost, high yield and very high display quality (ratio and reflectivity) is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). ) it (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). Order. Φ, 38 1300154 A7 B7 V. Inventions (38) (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page). First, a photoresist (manufactured by Shipray Far East Co., Ltd.) was spin-coated on the TFT substrate to a thickness of about 1/zm. Next, after prebaking at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, ultraviolet irradiation was carried out using an uneven pattern as a mask. Next, development was carried out using a developing solution (from Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.), and an uneven portion containing a photoresist was formed. Thereafter, post-baking at 135 ° C for 40 minutes, ultraviolet irradiation for the entire substrate surface, and final baking at 200 ° C for 60 minutes were carried out to form an uneven portion having an average inclination angle of 7.7 °. In order to change the inclination angle of the uneven portion, the baking time and temperature are changed, and can be arbitrarily set. After that, the reflecting plate was formed by depositing A1 of a film thickness of 200 nm on the uneven portion. Next, a vertical film (manufactured by JSR Corporation) was applied on the surfaces of the TFT substrate and the CF substrate, and a ruthenium layer (manufactured by Sekisui Precision Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a diameter of 3/m was sprayed to bond the two substrates. A liquid crystal (manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.) having a negative dielectric anisotropy (? ε = -7.0) and having a refractive index difference Λη of an abnormal ray and a normal ray of 0.1 was injected to obtain a VA type liquid crystal element. In the mode for carrying out the invention, the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate are disposed at the CF side of the reflective liquid crystal element as shown below. (1) The polarizing plate··the absorption axis was 15° (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.). (2) λ/2 plate: a one-axis film in which the hysteresis parallel to the surface of the substrate was 275 nm (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The lag phase axis is 80°. (3) λ/4 plate: a one-axis film in which the hysteresis parallel to the surface of the substrate was 135 nm (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The lag phase axis is 80°. (4) VAC70: biaxial film, in which the paper size in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 41 1300154 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (39) Hysteresis is 3 nm, The hysteresis perpendicular to the surface of the substrate was 154 nm (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.). The lag axis in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate is 80°. (5) Liquid crystal element: VA mode. Here, the items (2) and (3) are laminated λ/4 plates, and are laminated at a certain angle to form a λ /4 plate having a small wavelength dispersion as a whole. Items (3) and (4) coincide on the lag axis parallel to the surface of the substrate, and (3) hysteresis is reduced by the hysteresis portion of (4) to make the total hysteresis into a highly visible green wavelength (540 nm) One quarter of the time. Item (4) is a phase difference plate having a negative refractive index anisotropy configured to compensate the hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer without applying a voltage, (1) hysteresis dp · {(nx+ny)/2-nz} It becomes the following. [df · {(nx+ny)/2-nz}]/(dlc · Δη)=0.51 In order to compare the configuration state of the VAC 70, the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate are disposed at the CF side of the reflective liquid crystal element, such as The following comparative examples are shown: (1) Polarizing plate · The same as Example 2-4. (2) VAC70 ·· is the same as Example 2-4. (3) Two sheets: the same as in the embodiment 2-4. (4) Again / 4 plates: Same as Example 2-4. (5) Liquid crystal element: The same as Example 2-4. In order to compare with the case where the mode of the present invention is not applied, the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate are disposed at the CF side of the reflective liquid crystal element as shown in the following conventional example 1. (1) Polarizing plate: The same as Example 2-4. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------- double ------------------, 玎...--- ---------------Ψ (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) 42 1300154 A7 ____B7___ V. Description of invention (40) (2) λ /2 board and implementation Example 2-4 is the same (3) λ /4 plate: a one-axis film in which the hysteresis in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate is 138 nm (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The lag phase axis is 80. . (4) Liquid crystal element: The same as Example 2-4. In order to compare with the proposed TN mode, the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate are disposed at the CF side of the reflective liquid crystal element, as shown in the following conventional example 2 (0) Polarizing plate. The same as Embodiment 2-4. (2) λ /2 plate: a one-axis film in which the hysteresis parallel to the surface of the substrate was 260 nm (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The lag phase axis is 25. . (3) λ /4 plate: a one-axis film in which the hysteresis parallel to the surface of the substrate was 115 nm (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The lag phase axis is 80. . (4) Liquid crystal element: TN mode. In this 'in the λ/4 plate of the item (3)', in order to compensate the residual hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer under the applied voltage, the lagging phase axis is agreed to constitute a vector of the misalignment (grinding) direction of the liquid crystal layer, and is parallel to the substrate surface. The hysteresis was reduced by 23 nm from the /4 plates of the example. Since the residual hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer can be compensated for when the hysteresis is reduced, the reflectance in black can be lowered. However, a problem arises in that the reflectance is reduced due to the lack of hysteresis of the phase difference plate displayed in white and the white color is displayed in color. In the liquid crystal display element of the item (4), a 'horizontal alignment film (manufactured by JGJR Co., Ltd.) was applied to the surface of the substrate, and the pad was sprayed by spraying a diameter of 3 " 111 (manufactured by Sekisui Precision Chemical Co., Ltd.) And was carried out. The positive dielectric isotropic paper with a refractive index difference of Δ!! of 0.067 on the normal ray is applicable to the Chinese National Standard ((10)) A4 specification (210Χ297 mm) (please read the notes on the back first) Fill in this page) Double _ _, 可 | 43 1300154 A7 ------ B7_ V. Inventive Note (41) Liquid crystal (made by Chisso) manufactured by Chisso Co., Ltd. was injected into the empty panel. Comparative Example, Conventional Examples 1 and 2, the reflective liquid crystal display device of Example 2-4 was applied with the same voltage, and the reflectance of the white display and the black display was measured by a spectral luminance meter using a light source of a complete sphere and a point source. . Here, the light source of the complete sphere is where the light will leave to diffuse to all angles and azimuths, and the point source is the parallel light in which the light will leave to a specific angle and orientation. The light source of the meta-sphere is close to ambient light such as indoor light and sunlight, and the reflectance close to viewing the visual sense can be measured. On the other hand, the electric light source measures the reflectance at a specific angle and orientation, and the dependency of the angle and orientation of the incident light can be measured. (The integer value of the reflectance measured using the point source at a particular angle and orientation becomes the reflectance measured by the source of the complete sphere). The measurement results obtained using the complete sphere are shown in Table 2. In the embodiment, the reflectance shown by black becomes 〇_29 (55% less in proportion to the conventional exemplified 2), and the contrast ratio is improved to 37 (U6% is increased under the same conditions). Although the residual hysteresis of the liquid crystal layer is compensated by reducing the hysteresis of the λ/4 plate in the conventional example 2, the contrast ratio is about the same as that of the conventional example w (the vertically aligned reflective liquid crystal display device does not compensate). This display is because the VA mode reflective liquid crystal display device using the λ/4 plate becomes a black display when no voltage is applied, so the contrast ratio becomes substantially high. The comparatively exemplified measurement results are only the same as the embodiment, which can be said to be eight. It is desirable to arrange between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal layer as shown in the embodiment. / This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) 44 V. Invention description (42 [Table 2] into 1300154
In vertical alignment, 〇V is 4V white voltage in horizontal alignment. ·2.5 V in vertical alignment. 0V in horizontal alignment. Measurement results in the case of using point light source are shown in Table 3. . The angle of the light incident is set to be 30 ° for the angle of inclination of the reflector for the embodiment, and the measurement is performed from the upper direction. In the examples, the reflectance shown by black became 0.56 (48% less than the ratio of the conventional example 2), and the contrast ratio was improved to 45 (an increase of 92% in the conventional ratio).
(Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page again)
This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS;) A4 specification (21〇χ297 public) [Table 3] Alignment reverse shoulder ratio CR black display white display embodiment vertical 0.56 25.27 45.1 Comparative example vertical 0.70 25.14 35.9 Traditional example 1 Vertical 0.90 25.45 28.3 Conventional Example 2 Level 1.08 25.36 23.5 (Applied voltage) Same as above 45 1300154 A7
1300154 V. INSTRUCTIONS (44) (Please read the note on the back and fill in the page on this page) See 申请 319261/1989 and 曰本公告第01Π11/1994) put forward. When the main incident external light (external light) is changed to linearly polarized light at the polarizing plate, the polarization direction is rotated by 90 with a hysteresis liquid crystal or phase difference plate having a visible light wavelength of 1/4. And the black display is performed by absorbing linearly polarized light with a polarizing plate, which is a horizontally-positioned liquid crystal element which causes the liquid crystal to have a positive dielectric contact anisotropic twist. Although the brightness of the mode is about 40% of the GF mode because of the use of the polarizing plate, since the black display can be made darker, the contrast ratio is about 12 to 14. The technique is proposed to be compensated by reducing the hysteresis of the phase difference plate using the hysteresis portion of the residual liquid crystal layer by the contrast ratio and black display for improving the chirp mode, and the lagging phase axis of the phase difference plate is almost anchored to the liquid crystal layer. Uniform orientation (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 31 1784/1999). By using this technique, the contrast ratio is improved to about 16 to 18. The display definition in the reflective liquid crystal display device is provided in brightness and contrast ratio, which is clear even when the liquid crystal display device is bright, even if it has a low contrast ratio, and when the liquid crystal display device is dark, high contrast is required ( The TV Society Paper, 50, No. 8, Nos. 1091 to 1095, 1996). Although a contrast ratio of about 12 is required to achieve display resolution of a GH mode having a plate polarizing plate system of about 4% in brightness, the contrast ratio of the xenon mode becomes about 16 to 18 by using the above technique, so that Becomes clearer than the GH mode. As a result, in the reflective liquid crystal display device, the ΤΝ mode using a single polarizing plate becomes the mainstream. In the ΤΝ mode using a polarizing plate, the grinding process is applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210×297 mm) on the upper and lower paper scales. 47 1300154 A7 ______ —_£7_ V. Invention Description (45) 4 Substrate The middle layer is performed in different orientations so that the liquid crystal layer has a twisted structure, and the anchoring side of the liquid crystal layer does not coincide at the upper and lower substrates. Although the retardation axis of the phase difference plate is almost the same as the central axis of the anchoring orientation of the lower substrate above the technique of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 3784/1999, the composition of the orientation of the seedling is fixed. The vector does not compensate for the hysteresis of the residual liquid crystal layer at the upper and lower substrates. Therefore, its non-issue is fully compensated for the black display. A VA mode using a polarizing plate is proposed (see Japanese Patent Application No. 319261/1989). Although the VA mode is reversed to the TN mode under the liquid crystal clipping condition (on or off), the incident external light is changed to a linearly polarized light at the polarizing plate, and the polarization orientation is a liquid crystal having a hysteresis of 1/4 of the visible wavelength. The layer or phase difference plate is rotated 90. And the black display is performed at the same point by absorbing light to the polarizing plate. However, it is rotated 90 at the side of the phase difference plate. In the case where the mode is changed to black when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer anchored at the boundary of the substrate is not left as inserted in the TN mode, and the i contrast is substantially high. However, since the vertical alignment film is used in the VA mode, the vertical alignment is partially lowered by the rubbing treatment, which causes the brightness to be irregular, resulting in a solid display defect (frictional flaw). By forming a substrate having a reflective uneven shape by rubbing treatment, the liquid crystal is tilted and its contrast ratio is lowered. As a result, the technique is proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 29030/2000, in which the friction is difficult to see and the decrease in the contrast ratio is suppressed by performing only on the substrate having a small height difference for the rubbing treatment. However, at this paper scale, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) is applicable (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). Yes, 嚓 - -48 - V. Invention Description ( 46) In the technology, the point of friction treatment is the same, so that friction 腱 is generated. The technique is proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 319261/1989, in which a slit obliquely intersecting and reflecting electrodes is disposed at a side facing the substrate and alignment control is generated by tilting when a voltage is applied, An electric field between the lower substrates is performed. However, in this technique, since the liquid crystal layer on the slit is not inserted, the reflectance is lowered throughout the pixel, and the sharpness of the display is not improved even if the contrast ratio is high. Therefore, in order to apply the VA mode to a reflective liquid crystal display device of a polarizing plate system, an alignment control method that does not sacrifice reflectance is required. In a mode for carrying out the invention, there is provided a method of performing alignment control without sacrificing reflectance in a liquid crystal display device which is formed on the first substrate and on the surface to form a reflective uneven portion The second substrate interposer has a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal. (First Solution) In a reflective liquid crystal display device in which a second substrate disposed to face a first substrate and formed with a reflecting plate is provided, a reflective surface thereof is an uneven shape, and the liquid crystal system is sealed at the first And having a negative dielectric anisotropy with the second substrate, the device further having a corresponding = domain formed on the first substrate facing the gap portion between the adjacent pixel electrodes on the second substrate The alignment control structure (linear extension or slit removal electrode) is formed, and the alignment of the liquid crystals in the phase is made almost single-field aligned. Section 54® is a schematic diagram illustrating the first-solution. The paste display is carried to the liquid crystal panel in a direction perpendicular to the panel surface. In the drawing, the level 1300154 A7__B7_5, the invention description (47) the position of the direction surface from the standard position of the substrate 112 (#m), and the vertical scale on the left side in the figure indicates the height (em) from the substrate 112 to the substrate 114 . The vertical scale on the right side of the figure indicates the transmittance (a.u.), and the solid line curve in the figure shows the change in transmittance of each applied voltage. The fine line in the figure indicates the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 4a when a certain voltage is applied. The pixel electrode 3 is formed on the substrate 112, and a gap portion is formed at a region surrounded by the circles S2, S3, and S4 of Fig. 54. An alignment control structure (projection) 36 is formed on the gap portion surrounded by the circle S3 on the substrate 114. As indicated by the arrows in the figure, the liquid crystal molecules 4a are inclined to the directions of the arrows 32 and 34 when a voltage is applied. As shown in Fig. 54, since there is no reflection plate at the gap portion between the adjacent electrodes 3, the reflectance is not caused by the alignment control structure 36 being formed at the region facing the gap portion and the alignment control is performed. Be sacrificed. That is, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 4a in the phase electrode 30 can be made into a single-domain alignment by controlling the oblique electric field so that the domain boundary does not use the phase electrode 3 of the alignment control structure 36. Produced in. A clear control method for the oblique electric field will be shown in the second solution. (First Solution) In the first solution, the alignment control structure is formed at each of the additional pixel electrodes at the corresponding region on the first substrate facing the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode, the structure is in contact The two adjacent long sides of the phase electrode or the line of sight are in the orthogonal direction to the surface of the substrate. The fabric state according to this solution is shown in Fig. 55. Figure 55 shows the substrate surface (10)) Μ gauge '. (2) 0X2_---- (please read the back of the note before filling this page), ^ r - 50 1300154 A7 B7 _ five, invention description (48) : ~ The state of the alignment control structure 36 is viewed in an orthogonal direction. Fig. 55 shows a state in which a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 4, and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 4a and 4b on the phase electrode 3〇 to the upper position of the gap between the pixel electrodes 3〇 is shown. The direction of arrows 32 and 34 of control structure 36. As shown in Fig. 55, the gap width between the phase electrodes 3A is W2, and the pattern width of the alignment control structure 36 of the long side of the pixel electrode 30 is W1. In the second solution, the liquid crystal is positioned to be almost 9 Å to the long side of the pixel electrode by applying a voltage while applying a bias electric field generated at a gap portion between the pixel electrodes 30. The oblique electric fields generated at different azimuths and at the gap portions between adjacent pixel electrodes are eliminated by the alignment control structure 36 generated at the corresponding regions on the first substrate. Preferably, by changing the tilting orientation of the electric field, the liquid crystal alignment in the pixel electrode becomes a single-domain alignment, and the domain boundary is fixed at the gap portion of the pixel electrode 3''. Incidentally, when the alignment control structure is not formed at the gap portion between the pixel electrodes, since the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned for the inside of the pixel electrode, the boundary of the field formed by the reverse tilt is generated in the pixel electrode . Although the boundary of the field is not obvious because the incident light to the liquid crystal becomes circularly polarized by using hysteresis with a wavelength of visible light of almost 1/4, the light is scattered or absorbed, resulting in the refractive index of the liquid crystal at this region. Unlike the surrounding liquid crystal, the viewer is given a rough feeling at the oblique viewing angle. The reason why the alignment control structure 36 is formed at the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode is to make the distance to the gap portion adjacent to the alignment control structure 36 to be the best in the paper size (CNS>A4 specification ( 210X297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) ., ^r—. Mouth — 51 1300154 A7 _______ B7_ V. Invention description (49) May be short so that it has good reactivity. Although the alignment of the liquid crystal expands from the region where the oblique electric field is generated to the region where the oblique electric field is not generated by the alignment control due to the oblique electric field, the response time of the liquid crystal alignment is set so that the expansion distance becomes long when the expansion distance becomes long. Uniformly lengthening. Because the pixel electrode is a group of pixels (pixels) composed of three color sub-pixels of R (red), G (green), and B (blue), the electrode is almost a ratio of length to width. A rectangle of 3:1, and the expansion distance is 1/3 of the short side of the pixel electrode 3A by the oblique electric field generated at the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode 30. Correspondence in the first substrate The reason why the alignment control structure 36 at the domain contacts the two adjacent long sides of the pixel electrode 30 or the desired overlap is that the oblique electric field generated at the gap portion between the pixel electrodes 30 is eliminated by the alignment control structure 36, or is desired The tilting orientation of the electric field is changed. The reason why the alignment control structure % is formed at every other pixel electrode 3 is that the liquid crystal is positioned between adjacent pixel electrodes 30 for a liquid crystal having a different orientation from almost 18 Å. That is, although the common electrode is formed at the corresponding region of the first substrate facing the gap portion of the pixel electrode 3, the orthogonal direction of the substrate surface is viewed because the alignment control structure 36 contacts the length of the adjacent two pixel electrodes 3〇. The side or liquid crystal molecules are positioned to be inclined to the outer side of the pixel electrode 3〇 and not to the inner side when the structure is overlapped, so that the liquid crystal in the pixel electrode 3〇 becomes a single-domain alignment state. When the domain-aligned party becomes the same at the region of all the pixel electrodes 30, the increase or decrease of the hysteresis at the tilt direction and the reverse orientation of the liquid crystal molecules becomes large, so that viewing is performed. The degree becomes larger from the attribute. Then, by using the liquid crystal of the adjacent pixel electrode 3〇 and the paper size different from 18〇, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public) is applied (please read the back of the note first) Matters fill out this page), , τ. -52 - V. Invention Description (5〇) Azimuth alignment to perform two sets of field positioning at the area of two adjacent pixel electrodes 30, hysteresis at the applicable orientation The increase and decrease are averaged to achieve a clear display in all directions. (Third Solution) In the second solution, the width of the alignment control structure is generally in the following range: 1^(W1/W2) ^3 In order to eliminate the oblique electric field generated by the gap portion between the pixel electrodes 3〇 or the tilt position of the desired electric field with the alignment control structure 36, the alignment control structure 36 must be made by the alignment control structure The width W1 of 36 is equal to or larger than the gap width W2 of the long side of the pixel electrode 30 and contacts the long side of the pixel electrode 30 or is viewed from the orthogonal direction of the substrate surface to be a superposed state. As shown in Fig. 55, since the alignment control structure 36 extends in the pixel electrode 30 when the width W1 is too large, the reflectance is lowered. By investigating the decrease in the reflectance of the change overlying amount, when the gap width W2 between the pixel electrodes 3A is set to 6 // m and the alignment control structure 36 is formed for the facing area, the amount of overlap 2 A decrease in reflectance of 2% at /zm, a decrease in reflectance of 3% at the overlap amount m, and a decrease in reflectance of 4% at a superposition amount of 60 m were confirmed. Since the drop is a procedure in which the difference cannot be resolved by the viewing sensation when the reflectance falls by less than 5%, it is desirable that the width W1 is set to be superposed by overlapping the alignment control structure 36 to the long sides of the two adjacent electrodes 30. The above range. The range of the width W1 is determined by the Chinese national standard (CNs>A4 specification (210×297 mm) 53-1300154. The gap width W2 of the invention description (51) and the pixel electrode 30 are applied to the area where the oblique electric field is generated. The reason for the ratio of the length of the gap width W2 is different, and accordingly, it is not necessary to change the width W1 of the alignment control structure 36. (Fourth Solution) In the first solution, the alignment control structure is formed at At every other pixel electrode at a corresponding region on the first substrate facing the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode, the structure contacts two adjacent long sides of the pixel electrode or is viewed from the orthogonal direction of the substrate surface. The state of the configuration according to the solution is shown in Fig. 56. Fig. 56 shows the state in which the alignment control structure 36 is viewed in the orthogonal direction of the surface of the substrate. Fig. 56 shows the application of a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 4. The state of the upper state, and the liquid crystal molecules 4b on the pixel electrode 3〇 are displayed obliquely to the arrow 34 side of the alignment control structure 36 at the upper position facing the gap between the pixel electrodes 30 As shown in Fig. 56, the gap width between the pixel electrodes 30 is W2, and the pattern width of the alignment control structure 36 of the long side of the pixel electrode 3 is W1. By adjacent groups of pixel electrodes The long side of 30 is in contact with or desirably overlapped with the alignment control structure 36, and the tilting orientation of the oblique parent electric field is reversed only at the gap portion of the long side of the set of pixel electrodes 3〇. By each pixel electrode 3 Forming this similarity is achieved at all regions for single-domain alignment with domain boundaries, since the oblique orientation of the oblique electric field is placed almost sequentially at the gap locations between all of the pixel electrodes 30. The field is aligned with the tilting direction and the reverse orientation, and the viewing angle becomes larger in terms of properties, but the increase and decrease of the hysteresis is different from the tilting orientation by 9〇. The orientation of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4. Specifications (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page), τ 54 1300154 A7 ____B7 Factory —————————_ _ V. Invention Description (52) Small, so Know the viewing angle from the attribute Small. When the viewing angle is hour from the position of the attribute, even if the special orientation (tilt orientation) is difficult to see, such as the actual use of the notebook PC is not a problem, it may be possible to select such a single field pair. (Fifth Solution) In the fourth solution, the width W1 of the alignment control structure is generally in the following range: l/2^(Wl/W2)^3/2 differs from the second solution in that The alignment control structure 36 contacts the long side of the pixel electrode 30 or is viewed from the orthogonal direction of the substrate surface to be in a superposed state. As a result, only half of the alignment control structure 36 will be in the gap portion between the pixel electrodes 3 〇. The centerline is formed as a boundary such that the width bound! is about half of the second solution. (Sixth Solution) In the fifth solution, the alignment control structure of about the gap width is formed at a corresponding region of the gap portion facing the short side of the pixel electrode between the corresponding regions on the first substrate At each image electrode. Since the oblique electric field is generated even at the gap portion of the short side of the pixel electrode 30, it is desirable to eliminate the oblique electric field by forming the alignment control structure 38 at the corresponding region facing the pixel electrode, as in the 55th and 56th. The figure shows. Although it is desirable to make the oblique electric field of the width W1 of the alignment control structure 36 to the reverse orientation, the paper size produced at the gap between the long sides of the pixel electrode 30 is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm). (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page), "§r— 55 1300154 A7 _____B7_ V. Inventive Note (53) degrees, and the domain boundary is stable at the gap between the pixel electrodes 30, but The oblique electric field with respect to the gap portion is eliminated at the short side gap of the pixel electrode 30, and it is not desirable to generate the oblique orientation of the reverse orientation when the width is so large as to overlap the short side of the pixel electrode 30, so that Generate domain boundaries. (Seventh Solution) In the first solution, the alignment control structure has a height corresponding to the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer or a structure in which a layer thickness corresponding to the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer is formed in at least one pair of structures And supporting between the first and second substrates. A columnar underlayer 40 is shown in Fig. 56. When the structure is supported using the alignment control structures 36 and 38, the underlayer is removed from the inside of the pixel electrode 30, so that the reflectance is improved by not requiring the dispersion of the underlayer. Although it is difficult to control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4 to a desired thickness when the underlayer is uniformly distributed onto the substrate on which the uneven portion and the alignment control structures 36 and 28 are formed on the surface, the standard surface is controlled by using alignment. Structures 36 and 38 are used to easily control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4 to be made almost equal. (Eighth Solution) In the first solution, a second alignment control structure which is almost parallel to the short side of the pixel electrode and has a width of 4 β m or less is adjacent to the pixel in the face The alignment control structure of the corresponding region on the upper side of the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode at the second corresponding region on the first base is applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (21〇>;<297 public Chu) (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page), ^Γ· 嗡· 56 1300154 A7 ______B7_ V. Invention description (54). When the alignment control is performed using the oblique electric field of the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode 30, the liquid crystal alignment must be expanded for the short side distance of the pixel electrode 3, and the response speed is compared with all surfaces such as the rubbing treatment. The alignment process will be slower. Then, since the power supply for aligning the liquid crystal with the orientation almost parallel to the short side of the pixel electrode 30 is generated exactly on the pixel electrode 30, the response speed can be formed by forming almost parallel to the short side of the pixel electrode 3〇 and having A second alignment structure having a width of 4 #m or less is improved, which is adjacent to a gap portion of a long side of the pixel electrode at a second opposing region facing the pixel of the first substrate and 3 〇 The level control structure 3 6 ' of the corresponding area on the upper side is as shown in FIG. That is, although the width boundary 1 is so large that the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned with the oblique electric power generated between the upper and lower substrates in the alignment control structure 36 on the upper side of the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode 30. However, the liquid crystal will not be positioned by the oblique electric field generated between the upper and lower substrates, and since the width of the second alignment control structure 39 is 4 / zm, the liquid crystal will be opposite and the second The alignment of the electric field generated by the alignment of the control structures in parallel is obliquely positioned. The reason why the second control structure is formed adjacent to the alignment control structure 36 on the upper side of the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode 30 is that the tilting orientation of the liquid crystal is fixed to any one of the short sides of the pixel electrode 30. Parallel orientations, and single-domain alignment are achieved. Since the liquid crystal molecules are positioned in an orientation parallel to the structure in the second control structure 39, the upper side of the second control structure 39 contributes reflectance. This is because the liquid crystal molecular domain in the center of the oblique electric field is difficult to make this paper-scale coffee towel S National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the back of the note before filling this page) , ".
Mouth I 57 1300154 A7 ---- _Β7___ V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (55) The oblique electric field generated between the upper and lower substrates is obliquely positioned on the tilting position, so that the reflectance is lowered. However, when only the tilting orientation of the liquid crystal is provided in the oblique positioning using the distortion of the electric field generated in the surface of the substrate, the reflectance is not obliquely positioned to almost equal by the liquid crystal on the second alignment control structure 39. Decrease in orientation. Whether the liquid crystal molecules 乜 and 4b are positioned toward the scanning orientation of the alignment control structures 36 and 39 or are positioned to not 90. The orientation will be based on the width of alignment control structures 36 and 39, and the liquid crystal will be positioned to a scan orientation of almost 4 # m or less. (Ninth Solution) In the first solution, a second alignment control fabric (for example, a slit) which is almost parallel to the short side of the pixel electrode and has a width of 4/zm or less is adjacent to the pixel The long side of the pixel electrode on the electrode is formed. A similar effect is expected by forming a second alignment control fabric 29 similar to the eighth solution on the pixel electrode 30. In particular, in the case where an alignment control slit is formed on the pixel electrode 30, since the reflection plate is formed at this region, the slit does not contribute to the reflectance, and the reflection-transmission type liquid crystal display device can be used by using This area is realized as a light transmission area. Although the reflection-transmission type liquid crystal display device performs a transmission type display by forming a transfer window on the reflective electrode, the liquid crystal clip is possible without using the second alignment control slit for the transfer window. A transparent electrode is formed at the transfer area. Since the oblique electric field obliquely aligned with the liquid crystal is not generated at the boundary portion of the reflective region, it is possible to make the liquid crystal alignment almost single-field alignment in the pixel electrode. This paper scales the financial standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) '~ ------
., can | (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page). Mouth - 58 1300154 A7 ^ _____________ V. Invention description (56) :~ (Tenth solution) In the eighth and ninth solutions, A second alignment structure (linear protrusion or slit) may have almost triangular or almost rectangular shape as viewed in an orthogonal direction toward the substrate surface, and is continuously formed at almost the same interval. By making the planar shape of the second alignment control structure almost triangular or almost rectangular, the orientation in which the liquid crystals are positioned obliquely is sequentially placed in almost the same orientation in the gap portion between the pixel electrodes. Since the directivity is almost triangular in the electric field distortion in the direction in the substrate surface, the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned in an almost triangular tapered orientation. Therefore, it is desirable to make the planar shape almost triangular so as to clamp the liquid a in the pixel electrode to almost the same orientation. However, in the case where it is difficult to form an almost quadrangular pattern tilt alignment control slit for use in a transfer window such as a reflection-transmission type liquid crystal display device, an almost rectangular shape can be used. By continuously forming the second alignment control structure at almost the same interval, the response speed can be effectively improved because the second alignment structure is closely formed in the pixel electrode. (Eleventh Solution) In the first solution, the liquid crystal has a high polymer chain aligned in accordance with liquid crystals formed by photopolymerizing the photopolymerizable material while applying a voltage of the dispersion material. By the formation of a southern polymer chain with a south phase grain in the liquid crystal orientation oriented obliquely to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal response is applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) on a high polymer paper scale. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)
I. 噶- 59 1300154 A7 --- -B7_ V. Description of the invention (57) The chain is made faster by the compatibility, so the response speed is improved. Since the electric field in which the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned is controlled in the alignment control using the electric field, "the voltage is not applied to a certain degree, and the change in the reflectance with respect to the applied voltage becomes sharp" makes the control of the hierarchical display difficult. However, by using this configuration, the change in reflectance with respect to the applied voltage becomes slow, so that the liquid crystal under this condition can be easily obliquely aligned with a high polymer chain by the compatible force, so the control of the hierarchical display For the easy one. (Twelfth Solution) The structure is provided only on the first substrate, and provides an alignment control method having an alignment adjustment force equal to or larger than an adjacent pixel electrode on the second substrate The alignment of the oblique electric field generated at the gap portion between them adjusts the force, whereby the liquid crystal alignment in the pixel electrode becomes almost single-field alignment. By performing an alignment control method with alignment adjustment force, the alignment adjustment force is equal to or greater than the alignment adjustment force of the oblique electric field generated at the gap portion between the pixel electrodes over the entire region, the oblique electric field Invalid, and liquid crystal alignment in the pixel electrode can become almost single-domain alignment. However, it is difficult to perform an almost uniform alignment process at the entire area because the second substrate forms unevenness with reflectance on the surface. That is, the alignment control method having the alignment control force equal to or larger than the oblique electric field has a function of increasing the anchoring energy mainly by aligning the boundary surface, so that the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is reduced. Although this reduction is not apparent at the first substrate, the liquid crystal is easily tilted at the second substrate because the liquid crystal is suitable for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 dong) for a flat paper scale (please read the back first) Note: Please fill out this page again. ), 一叮| •囔· 60 1300154 A7 ----------- - V. Invention description (58 ) ~ ~ Tilt angle and pre-tilt, making pre-tilt angle The reduction is getting bigger. As a result, a late W will be produced under the black display, and the contrast ratio is reduced. Then, by performing an alignment control method with alignment adjustment force, the alignment adjustment force is equal to or greater than the alignment adjustment force of the oblique electric field generated only at the gap portion between the pixel electrodes at the first substrate. And by not performing any control at the second substrate, and the second substrate is a hollow alignment adjustment force of the first substrate. Since the liquid crystal is easily aligned at the second substrate under such conditions, the second substrate easily follows the alignment adjustment force of the first substrate. (Twelfth Solution) The liquid crystal is positioned to an arbitrary orientation by the photo-reforming alignment film only at the first substrate. In addition to the above reasons, the reason why the photo-alignment alignment film is only on the first substrate is that it is difficult to perform photo-reformation control. That is, in this technique, light irradiation is performed from the arbitrary orientation onto the alignment film, and the hydrocarbon-based side chains of the alignment film tilted to the random orientation are sequentially placed in an arbitrary orientation, and the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned to the Orientation. However, in a substrate in which a reflective uneven portion is formed on the surface, it is difficult to sequentially place the hydrocarbon-based side chains of the alignment film in arbitrary orientation by reflected light or surface shape, making it difficult to obtain uniform single-domain alignment. . On the other hand, only the CF layer is formed on the surface of the first substrate, but the reflecting plate and the uneven portion are not formed. As a result, it is easy to place the hydrocarbon side chain of the alignment film in any orientation. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210><297 public love) (please read the note on the back and fill out this page), tr— 囔- 61 1300154 A7 B7_ V. Invention description (59) (Fourteenth solution) A liquid crystal sealed between the first and second substrates and having a negative dielectric anisotropy has an azimuthal dependency property due to an uneven planar shape in reflection intensity, and an alignment orientation of the liquid crystal Intersecting at a nearly right angle to the local maximum reflection intensity. In a reflective liquid crystal display device in which a reflective uneven portion is formed on the surface, the design is performed such that the oblique incident light rays are emitted perpendicularly to reflect more external light to the side of the viewer. Although the black display is performed under the condition that the liquid crystal is vertically positioned in the VA mode, the hysteresis of the oblique incident light affects the reflected light in the vertical direction, and must be removed by a phase difference plate having a negative hysteresis so that Get a full black display. The light path is reversed from the vertical direction as viewed from the oblique direction until the panel surface is reversed, and the normal incident rays are obliquely left. Here, when the liquid crystal is positioned obliquely, it is viewed from the orientation of the oblique positioning, that is, by an angle substantially optically coincident with the tilt angle (the angle of separation from the tilt angle and the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the air) ) Watching, the hysteresis generated when the skew leaves away almost becomes zero, and the negative hysteresis becomes larger because of zero', making the fluctuation of black brightness obvious. In this case, although hysteresis occurs at normal incidence, the negative hysteresis becomes larger because the optical path length is shorter than the oblique incident light length. Since the increase and decrease in the hysteresis of the tilt angle are offset by the oblique orientation and the oblique incident component from the reverse orientation observed from the vertical direction, the fluctuation of the black luminance does not occur. Therefore, because the black brightness is obvious, it is not expected to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm).
-62 - 1300154 A7 -------_£__ V. Description of the invention (60) " 'The local maximum of the degree is set to the orientation of the tilting position in a single field. Next, the local maximum value of the reflection intensity is set to be not 9 〇. Moreover, the orientation in which the liquid crystal is obliquely positioned is bright because the viewing angle is bright from a small attribute and most of the secondary properties are dark. When the directivity of the reflection intensity due to the uneven shape becomes the orientation of the upper and lower left and right directions, the local maximum value of the reflection intensity is set to not 90. When the liquid crystal is positioned obliquely, the local maximum value of the reflection intensity coincides with the orientation of the tilting position of the liquid crystal. However, the orientation may be broken if it is from the oblique direction to the viewing side (for example, the keyboard side). According to the mode for the invention of the invention, in the reflective liquid crystal display device using the vertical alignment mode of one polarizing plate, alignment control is possible without sacrificing the reflectance. As a result, a reflective liquid crystal display device in which the contrast ratio is high and the display is clear can be manufactured in a good yield. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to the mode for realizing the invention will be specifically described below using an embodiment. [Example 3-1] An uneven shape having a reflectance on the surface was formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, a positive-type photoresist (manufactured by Far East Shipray) was spin-coated to a thickness of about 3 #m to form a photoresist layer on the substrate. Next, after pre-baking at 9 ° C for 30 minutes, the photoresist layer was half-exposed, post-baked for 40 minutes with i35〇c and final baked with 2 〇〇t: for 6 minutes. Baking is carried out to form an uneven shape. After that, the A1 film is deposited on the entire surface of the substrate, and a reflective electrode (for the pixel electrode and as a diffusion paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210×297 mm). --------------, t ——......—— (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 63 1300154 Description of invention (61 reflector) by using lithography The A1 strip is formed in addition to the pixel electrode. The alignment control structure is formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, the above-mentioned positive photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of about 3 "m to form light on the opposite substrate. Then, after prebaking at 90 ° C for 30 minutes, the long side of the long side of the pixel electrode is contacted or the alignment control structure pattern in the overlapping state is viewed from the orthogonal direction of the substrate surface. a quasi-control structure pattern of the same size is formed at every other pixel electrode at a corresponding region of the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode, and a pseudo-control structure pattern of the same size as the gap portion at the region facing the gap portion of the short side of the pixel electrode is used for each phase The mask formed by the element electrode is exposed The structure of the embodiment will be explained again using Fig. 55. Fig. 55 shows a state in which a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 4, and the liquid crystal molecules 4a and 4b on the pixel electrode 3 are tilted to face each other. In the direction of the arrows 32 and 34 of the alignment control structure 36 at the upper position of the gap between the pixel electrodes 3A. As shown in Fig. 55, the gap width 2 between the pixel electrodes 30 is at the pixel electrode 30. The sides of the long side and the short side are 6 β m, and the pattern width W1 of the alignment control structure 36 of the long side of the pixel electrode 30 is 6 to 18 vm, and the long side of the pixel electrode 30 overlaps with the alignment control structure. The amount is 〇 to 6 #m. Next, the 'half exposure is performed using a mask to form a dot pattern for supporting the substrate at the area on the pattern of the alignment control structure 36. Here, 'half exposure The reason is that the height of the alignment control structure 36 other than the area supporting the substrate is smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and when the thickness of the entire structure is made equal to the liquid crystal layer, the alignment control structure 36 disturbs the injection of the liquid crystal. However, the paper Scale applies to Chinese national standards (10)) Α4 specifications (21〇><297 public) (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) ·, τ 64 Ϊ300154 B7 V. Description of invention (62) When substrate bonding and liquid crystal injection such as sinking There are no restrictions when the _ times are all performed, and the alignment control structure 36 having the same thickness as the entire liquid crystal layer does not disturb the injection of the liquid crystal. Although the substrate uses a part of the alignment control structure in the embodiment. The substrate is supported by the formation-protrusion portion, and the total height of the protrusion is equal to the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Next, development processing, post-exposure, and 2 minutes after 13 〇 ° C Baking, and final baking at 220 ° C for 60 minutes was performed, whereby the alignment control structure and the pillars were formed. An event (traditional illustration) in which the grinding process is performed without forming an alignment control structure on the opposite substrate is formed. Next, a conventional alignment film (manufactured by JSR Corporation) was applied on the surface of the tft substrate and the opposite substrate, and a 3 μm-diameter underlayer (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was sprayed to perform grinding. The conventional example of processing combines two substrates. A liquid crystal (manufactured by Merck) having a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δπ - γ.Ο) and having a refractive index difference Δ η of an abnormal ray and a normal ray is injected to obtain a reflective liquid crystal display device . A negative phase retardation film having a hysteresis of about 150 nm in the thickness direction, a retardation film having hysteresis of almost 1/4 visible wavelength, and a polarizing plate are sequentially laminated on the opposite substrate side of the reflective liquid crystal display device. . The reflectance under the entire white display and the entire black display was measured from the orthogonal direction of the substrate using a complete sphere light source, and the contrast ratio was obtained. Alignment observation was performed using a linear polarizer and a circular polarizer. The results are shown in Table 4 and in Figures 58A through 58F. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 65 (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page). Yes, 1300154 A7 _____Β7 I5, invention description (63) one~~~ 58A to 28F show photographs observed by alignment observation. In Figures 58a to 58F, Figures 58A and 58B are photographs of Example 1A in the case of Wl/W2 = 1.0, and Figures 58C and 58D are photographs of Example 1B in the case of W1/W2 = 1.7, And pictures 58E and 58F are photographs of Example 1C in the case of W1/W2=23. 58A, 58C, and 58E are observations using a linear polarizer, and 58B, 58D, and 58F are observations using a circular polarizer. In the case where the width W1 of the alignment control structure is the same as the gap width W2 (Embodiment 1A), although the overall white reflectance becomes larger than that of the conventional polishing process, there is no underlayer in the pixel electrode, when aligned When the width of the control structure is large, the reflectance is gradually lowered to become the same degree (Examples 1B to 1D). Since the overall black reflectance becomes larger, the contrast ratio gradually decreases. This is because the overlap amount of the alignment control structure and the long side of the pixel electrode becomes large, so since the hysteresis near the long side of the pixel electrode is reduced in order to align the thickness of the control structure, the entire white reflectance is lowered a little, and The overall black reflectivity increases a little because the liquid crystal near the long side of the pixel electrode is tilted by the alignment control structure. By tilting 45. To arrange the linear polarizer onto the short side of the pixel electrode, a uniform black color is obtained if the liquid crystal is uniformly disposed to the short side orientation of the pixel. Here, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is changed from the short side orientation of the pixel electrode at a large portion of the region to remove the light, the skin symbol X shows that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is from the pixel at about half of the area. The short-side azimuth conversion of the electrode to remove the light is indicated by the symbol △ table I paper size standard (CNS) A4 specification (21GX297 public 嫠 1 - one ~
·, ^τ_ (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) .鮝, 66 1300154 A7············································ Most of the area is opposite to the short side of the pixel electrode i & so that the case where the light is removed is represented by the symbol 〇. Since there is no azimuth angle dependent @, the circular polarizer is arranged in any orientation, and the black line beside the field boundary and the unevenness at the oblique viewing angle are represented by the symbol χ, and the above A situation that does not exist is indicated by the symbol 0. As the width of the alignment control structure becomes larger, the removed light is reduced in alignment with the linear polarizer, and the alignment of the liquid crystal is aligned with the short side orientation of the pixel electrode. The alignment conditions viewed with a circular polarizer have good independence for the width of the alignment control structure, resulting in a large dispersion of reverse tilt that does not occur even if the alignment direction is formed in the alignment control structure when the alignment control structure is formed The area corresponding to the gap portion between the pixel electrodes is dispersed. However, although when the width of the alignment control structure is the width of the gap or more, the field boundary is not generated by combining with the circular polarizer, 'the liquid crystal alignment direction is significantly dispersed, thereby causing reverse tilt The big politics caused the bonding of the substrate under the transfer of the position. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the width of the alignment control structure for the position in the actual procedure, and it is desirable that the width W1 of the alignment control structure is set to the following range because when W1 / W2 is 3 or less, the reflectance The reduction will be reduced to the same extent as the Capricorn treatment. 1 ^ (Wl/W2)^ 3 On the other hand, friction 腱 is produced in the conventional illustration, and the contrast ratio is lowered due to the black reflection of the entire friction 腱. This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill in the page) •, 1-T-67
1300154 [Embodiment 3-2] The uneven portion having reflectance was formed on the surface of the TFT substrate by the same technique as that of Example 3-1. An alignment control slit is formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, the above positive photoresist is spin coated to a thickness of about 1.5/Z m to form a photoresist layer on the opposite substrate. Then, after pre-baking at 9 〇 for 30 minutes, each of the long sides of the adjacent-pixel electrode or the overlapping alignment control slit pattern is in the region facing the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode. The pixel electrodes are formed, and the exposure is performed using a mask which forms an alignment control structure pattern of the same size as the gap width at the region of the spacer at the pixel electrode facing the short side of the pixel electrode. . The gap width W2 between the pixel electrodes is 6#m at both sides of the long side and the short side of the pixel electrode, and the pattern visibility W1 of the alignment control structure of the long side of the pixel electrode is 3 to 9/zm, and the pixel The overlap of the long side of the electrode and the alignment control structure is 0 to 6//m. Here, the trailing end side of the alignment control structure is placed at the center line of the gap portion of the pixel electrode. Next, development processing, post-exposure, post-baking at 130 ° C for 2 minutes, peeling of the film, and stripping of the photoresist layer were sequentially performed to form alignment control slits. Next, a vertical alignment film was applied on the surfaces of the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate, and a pad having a diameter of 3/m was sprayed for bonding. Reflective LCD paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public Chu) f Please read the note on the back first and then fill in this page)., 1-T'- 68 1300154 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (66) The display device is manufactured similarly to the first solution, and similar measurements and observations are made. The results are shown in Table 5. In the case where the width of the alignment control structure is one half of the gap width (Embodiment 2A), although the overall white reflectance is the same as that of the conventional wiping process, when the width of the alignment control structure becomes larger, the reflectance gradually becomes Ding Ding (Examples 23 to 21)). Since the overall black reflectance does not change, the reduction in the contrast ratio is small. This is because the overlap amount of the alignment control structure and the long side of the pixel electrode becomes large, so the entire white reflectance is slightly decreased due to the small area where the oblique electric field is generated near the long side of the pixel electrode, and because at the pixel electrode The liquid crystal near the long side is not positioned obliquely when no voltage is applied, so the entire black reflectance does not change. The alignment conditions are the same as in Embodiment 3-1. As the width of the alignment control structure becomes larger, the removed light is reduced under the alignment conditions viewed by the linear polarizer, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is matched with the pixel electrode. The short sides are in the same orientation. It is desirable to make the width of the alignment control structure larger by the position transfer portion in the actual program, and it is desirable that the width W1 of the alignment control structure is set to the following range 'because the reflectance is reduced by less than 5%, when wi/ W2 is 1.5 will be smaller', and the degree of difference between them cannot be distinguished by viewing perception. 0.5^(W1/W2)^ 1.5 (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) r. Meal [Table 5] W1/W2 Whole White Reflectance Whole White Reflectance CR Example 2A 0.5 11.0% 0.25% 44.0 Example 2B 0.8 10.8% 0.25% 43.2 Example 2C 1.2 10.7% 0.25% 42.8 This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 69 1300154 A7 — —____B7 V. Description of invention (67) Implementation Example 2D 1.5 10.5% 0.25% 42.0 Conventional Example - 11.0% 0.35% 31.4 Linearly polarized light Circularly polarized light display defect Example 2 AX 〇 No Example 2B △ 〇 No Example 2C 〇〇 No Example 2D 〇〇 No Conventional Example δ δ Friction 腱 [Example 3-3] The uneven portion having reflectance was formed on the TFT substrate by the same technique as in Example 3d. An alignment control slit is formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, the above positive photoresist is spin-coated to be thick to form a photoresist layer on the TFT substrate. Next, it was carried out after pre-baking at 9 Torr for 3 minutes, and exposure was performed using a mask. The mask is formed by the alignment control slit, the alignment control slit pattern, and the second alignment control slit pattern. An alignment control slit pattern overlying the long sides of the adjacent two pixel electrodes is formed at every _ pixel electrode at a region facing the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode, and the alignment control of the same size as the gap width is narrowed A slit pattern is formed at each of the pixel electrodes at a region facing a gap portion of the short side of the pixel electrode. a second alignment control slit pattern having a short side of the parallel pixel electrode and having a shape which is almost rectangular in shape of a pattern width or less is formed as a comb adjacent to the alignment control slit pattern at a region facing the pixel electrode shape. The (four) width W2 between the pixel electrodes is 6/zm at both sides of the long side and the short side of the pixel electrode, and the pattern width W1 of the alignment control structure of the long side of the pixel electrode is 10//m, and the pixel electrode Long edge and alignment control (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) f, tr— MW, this paper scale applies to Chinese national standard ((10)) A4 specification (210X297 public) 70 1300154
(Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) • Meal · Α7 Β7 5. Inventive Note (68) The stacking capacity of the structure is 2 # m. Next, development processing, post exposure, post-baking at 丨3 ° C for 2 minutes, stripping of the IT film, and stripping of the photoresist layer are sequentially formed to form alignment control slits (see implementation) Example 3Α; 59Α). For comparison, the sample forming the second alignment control slit is fabricated by exposure using a mask forming a second control pattern (see Example 3; Figure 59). The reflective liquid crystal display device was fabricated similarly to the embodiment 3-1, and was measured by adding similar measurement and observation to the response speed from the black display to the white display. The results are shown in Table 6. Although the overall white reflectance, the overall black reflectance, CR is similar to that of Example 3-2, the alignment conditions observed by the linear polarizer are different, and the removal of light is formed in the second form as shown in Figs. 59 and 59. Embodiment 3 of the alignment control slit (Fig. 59A) is reduced, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal coincides with the short side orientation of the pixel electrode. This is because the liquid crystal in the pixel electrode is easily positioned to the short side direction of the pixel electrode by the second alignment control slit configured as a comb, and the response speed from the entire black to the entire white is improved. Better than traditional illustration. r [Table 6] W1/W2 Whole White Reflectance Whole White Reflectance CR Example 3A 1.7 10.5% 0.25% 42.0 Example 3B 1.7 Γ 10.8% 0.25% 43.2 Conventional Example - 11.0% 0.35% -1 ---- ~ 31.4
This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public sauce) 71 1300154 A7 -*--- 87 V. Invention description (69) _ '--'- [Example 3-4] Reflectivity The uneven portion is formed on the TFT substrate by the same technique as in Embodiment 3]. The alignment control structure and the second alignment control slit are formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, the above positive green is spin-coated approximately 3/zm thick to form a photoresist layer on the TFT substrate. Next, after pre-baking for 9 minutes at TC, the alignment control slit pattern overlying the long sides of the adjacent two pixel electrodes is formed every other area in the region facing the gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode. At the pixel electrode, and the exposure is performed using a mask which forms an alignment control structure pattern of the same size as the gap width at the region of the pixel portion facing the short side of the pixel electrode at each pixel electrode. This is carried out using a mask which forms a dot pattern for supporting the substrate on the pattern of the alignment control structure. Next, development processing, post exposure, post-baking at 130 C for 2 minutes, and 22 〇 c. Final baking for 6 minutes is performed to form an alignment control structure and a support post. The above positive photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of about m to form a photoresist layer on the tft substrate. Then at 90 ° C After 30 minutes of prebaking, and exposure is performed using a mask having a short side of the pixel electrode and having a second alignment control slit having a pattern width of 4 or less and almost rectangular Pattern adjacent The gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode is formed into a comb shape, but an alignment control structure is formed at the opposite region. The gap width W2 between the pixel electrodes is 6 V m at the long side and the short side of the pixel electrode. 'The alignment of the long side of the pixel electrode controls the width of the slit to be 1 〇em' and the overlap of the long side of the pixel electrode and the alignment control slit is 2 // m. Next, development processing, Post-exposure, this paper scale for 2 minutes at 13〇^ applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm)
-, can | (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) 颦72 1300154 A7 V. Description of the invention (7 供 after baking, peeling off the A1 film and the area located at the second alignment control slit) The uneven layer and the stripping photoresist layer are sequentially performed to form a second alignment control slit. The reflective liquid crystal display device is similarly fabricated in the embodiment 3-i, and is similar to the embodiment 3-3. Similar measurements and observations were made. The results are shown in Table 7. Although the overall white reflectance under the present embodiment (Example 4 of Table 7) was lowered by the reflection plate (A1 film) peeled off on the pixel electrode, However, the overall black reflectance is not changed, so the contrast is the same as in the conventional example. Even if the overall white reflectance is lowered, the sharpness of the display does not decrease much because the contrast ratio is high. The alignment conditions observed by the linear polarizer The removal of light is similarly reduced as in Example 3A, and as a result, the response speed from the entire spot color to the entire white color is improved to be superior to the rubbing treatment (traditional illustration). When the reflection-conventional liquid crystal display device is used When the second alignment control slit is manufactured, the relationship between the transmittance and the reflectance is gradually decreased, and the length and the formation pitch of the second alignment control slit are different from the comb pattern used in the embodiment. It was changed because of the desired transmittance and reflectance. [Table 7] W1/W2 Whole White Reflectance Whole White Reflection 皋CR Example 4 1.7 8.0% 0.25% 32 0 Conventional Example - 11.0% 0.35% ^ m J 31.4 Linearly polarized light circularly polarized light response speed; 1 Example 4 〇〇27 ms Conventional example 〇〇25 ms This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the back Please fill out this page again)
I Cao -73 - 1300154 A7 - 丨丨.---- - B7 V. Description of Invention (71) [Embodiment 3-5] The uneven portion having reflection is the same as the embodiment Technology: It is formed on a TFT substrate, and an alignment control structure is formed on the opposite substrate. Next, the vertical alignment is applied to the surface of the tft substrate and the opposite substrate, and bonding is performed. The above liquid crystal comprising a liquid crystal monomer (manufactured by Merk Japan Co., Ltd.) having a photopolymerization effect of 3% by weight was injected into the second panel. The reflective liquid crystal display device was fabricated similarly to the embodiment 3, and the material was photopolymerized while applying DC 1 〇 v to form a high polymer chain in accordance with the alignment state of the liquid crystal. Measurements and observations similar to those of Example 34 were carried out except that the reflectance was a threshold voltage of 1% and the response speed from the entire black to the entire white. The results are shown in Table 8. In Examples 3-5 (Example 5 in Table 8) in which a high polymer chain which is in a compatible state with liquid crystal was formed in the liquid crystal, the threshold voltage was decreased by 0.3 V as compared with the example, in the case of a linear polarizer. The removed light in the observed alignment is reduced, and the response speed from the entire black to the entire white is improved to be superior to the rubbing treatment (traditional illustration). However, the black reflectance is increased by a point because the liquid crystal is easily positioned obliquely and the contrast ratio is lowered. The critical voltage does not drop to the extent conventionally exemplified because high polymer chains can become resistant. However, the contrast ratio is the same as the conventional example, since the drop of 〇·3ν is large enough for the saturation voltage voltage of 2·3ν, this embodiment provides a useful way when multi-layer display is required.
- Order 请 (please read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) [Table 8] W1/W2 , Whole White Reflectance The Whole White Reflectance CR Example 1 Β 1 1.7 11.1% ' 0.25% ^44Α This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 Specification (210X297 public) -74 - 1300154 V. Invention Description (72) A7 ______B7 Example 5 1.7 11.1% 0.36% 30.8 Conventional Example - 11.0% 0.35% 31.4 Critical Voltage Linearly Polarized Circular Polarized light response speed Example 1B 1.60 〇〇27 ms Example 5 1.30 Δ 〇 45 ms Conventional Example 1.10 〇〇 25 ms [Example 3-6] Reflective unevenness by Embodiment 3-1 The same technique is formed on the TFT substrate, and a vertical alignment film is applied on the surfaces of the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate. Next, 2000 mJ/cm2 was inclined 45 to the surface of the substrate. Ultraviolet rays from almost parallel orientations are irradiated on only the short sides of the pixel electrodes in the opposite substrate, and reforming of the vertical alignment films is performed. The reflective liquid crystal display device was fabricated similarly to Example 3-1 except that the underlayer was sprayed on the opposite substrate, and measurement and observation similar to those of Example 3-5 were carried out. The results are shown in Table 9. In Examples 3-6 (Example 6 explained in Table 9), the overall black reflectance was low, and the contrast ratio was high as compared with the conventional example. The threshold voltage, the alignment state, and the response speed are the same as those of the transmission, and the display defect such as the friction key is not generated. The light reforming of the alignment film is effective to perform an alignment adjustment alignment control structure having a skew electric field equal to or greater than that on only the opposite substrate. (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) ., Yes | [Table 9] Example 6 11.0% This paper scale applies to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ297 public sauce) 75 1300154 A7 - -_ B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (73) (53⁄4 Example 11-0% 0.35% Ή 4 1.10 Linearly polarized light circularly polarized light response speed display defect Example 6 〇〇25 ms No charge embodiment 〇〇25 ms Friction实施 [Embodiment 3-7] An uneven portion having an azimuthal angle under the reflection intensity is formed on the surface of the substrate as follows. First, the positive photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of about 1.5 //m to be in the TFT A photoresist layer is formed on the substrate. Next, after pre-baking at 9 Å for 30 minutes, the photoresist layer is half-exposed, post-baked at 135 ° for 40 minutes, and 2 〇〇 is performed. 6 minutes of final baking was performed to form an uneven portion. The reason why the photoresist was made to one half of the thickness of Example 3β1 was to use a bus bar on the TFT substrate to have a planar shape at the uneven portion. Directionality of the upper and lower directions. That is, although the bus line is around The pixel electrodes are formed in upper and lower, and left and right orientations, but when the film thickness of the photoresist layer is made thin, the photoresist layer retains the bus bar shape to be formed. When the photoresist layer is half exposed Because the uneven portion is continuously formed in the plane along the shape of the bus bar, the uneven portion has an orientation that reaches the upper and lower directions. Here, the reason that the directivity produces an orientation to the top and bottom is The distance between the gap portions at the data busbars forming the upper and lower orientations is less than the distance from the gap portions formed at the gate busbars of the right and left orientations, and embodiments may be formed by forming & or contact holes Even if the directivity to the left and right directions is made, the distance between the left and right azimuth gap portions is shortened. In this case, if the above is possible, the uneven portion may be disposed in the oblique alignment direction of the liquid crystal. The scale of the paper is applicable to the Chinese national standard (〇fS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page), 丨76 1300154 A7 B7 V. Invention description (74) The direction is observed on the side. (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page.) Next, the A1 film is deposited on the entire surface of the substrate, and a reflective electrode uses lithography to remove the A1 by the pixel electrode. Stripping is formed. The vertical alignment film is applied on the surface of the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate, and 2 〇〇〇mJ/cm2 is inclined at 45 to the surface of the substrate. Ultraviolet rays from almost parallel orientation are irradiated only in relative The light beam reforming of the vertical alignment film is performed on the short side of the pixel electrode in the substrate. The reflective liquid crystal display device is manufactured similarly to the embodiment 3-1 except that the underlayer is sprayed on the opposite substrate, — The reflectivity of the entire black display and the entire white display is 30 by the top and bottom, and the left and right directions. The inclination enters the point source and is measured by receiving light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The results are shown in Table 10. Although the CR hardly changed, in the embodiment 3-7 (the embodiment 7 illustrated in Table 10), the reflection of the entire black display was reduced by 30% as compared with the conventional illustration. In Embodiment 7, the orientation is 90 by the orientation for tilting with the liquid crystal. The orientation sets the local maximum value of the reflection intensity. Since the high orientation of the CR can be variable and the orientation is darkened, the black fluctuation of the orientation of the tilt alignment of the liquid crystal in the single-field alignment state is difficult to detect. [Table 10] Top Azimuth Azimuth White/Black/CR White/Black/CR Example 7 22.0/0.37/59.5 23.0/0.38/60.5 Conventional Example 17.0/0.28/60.7 ^ 17.3/0.29/59.7 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) 77 1300154 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (75) Right Azimuth Direction White/Black/CR White/Black/CR Example 7 12.0/0.70/17.1 12.0/0.18 /66.7 Conventional Example 16.9/1.00/16.9 17.1/0.25/68.4 As described above, according to the mode for realizing the invention, a high contrast ratio and a bright display are obtained in a reflective liquid crystal display device of a polarizing plate system. Therefore, according to the present invention, a reflective liquid crystal display device which suppresses contrast reduction by hysteresis and has low cost and high reflectance is realized. (Please read the precautions on the back and fill out this page) Order | This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 78 1300154 A7 B7 V. Invention description (76) Component label comparison table 1 Reflective Liquid crystal display device 2 diffused reflection plate 4 liquid crystal layer 4a liquid crystal molecule 4b liquid crystal molecule 6 phase difference plate 8 polarizing plate 10 polarization axis 12 phase difference plate 20 polarizing film 22 circular pad layer 24 opposite substrate side 26 small mirror surface 29 second pair Quasi-control fabric 30 pixel electrode 36 alignment control structure 38 alignment control structure 39 second control structure 40 columnar layer 100 reflective liquid crystal display device 101 reflective liquid crystal display device 102 diffuse reflection plate 104 liquid crystal layer 104a liquid crystal molecule 105 liquid crystal layer l〇5a liquid crystal molecule 106 phase difference plate 108 polarizing plate 112 substrate 114 substrate L1 light L2 light L3 light L4 light L5 light L6 light L7 light L8 light L10 light L11 light Θ 1 receiving angle Θ 2 refraction angle Θ 3 incident angle ζ tilt Corner (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). This paper size applies to China. Associate (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) 79
Dijon 911139 29|No patent case, please modify the patent scope, this revision period: 9 months, f
1 . A substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device, comprising: a light reflecting plate having an uneven shape formed on a reflective surface thereof; wherein the uneven shape is a wrinkle pattern having a vertical one The direction of the surface of the substrate appears to be a continuous linear or curved top portion; where 'assuming the reflective surface contains a plurality of small mirrors, the direction of the orthogonal vectors of the small mirrors exists from φη to φη+i. The standard deviation of the probability distribution in the range of azimuth angles is 〇·丨 or greater. 2. The substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the standard deviation amount is 0.5 or more. 3. The substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the local maximum of the probability exists in an arbitrary orientation and an orientation that intersects the arbitrary orientation at a right angle. 4. The substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the local maximum of the probability exists only in an arbitrary position. 5. A reflective liquid crystal display device which provides liquid crystal sealed by a pair of opposite substrates and has a negative dielectric anisotropy, and a light reflecting plate is formed on one of the substrates, wherein the substrate is based on A substrate for a reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 1 of the patent application. 6. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the uneven shape is a wrinkle pattern. 7. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to item 6 of the patent application, wherein
-80- 1300154 The wrinkle pattern is reflected by the surface shape of the reflective surface. 8. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a first and a second substrate disposed to face each other; a liquid crystal layer comprising a seal between the first and second substrates and having a negative a dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal material and having Any of 15 〇 nm or more and 5 〇〇 nm or less (the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δ η of the liquid crystal and the cell gap d);
A light reflecting plate is formed at the first substrate, wherein the liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal having a palmar pitch of twice or more of the cell gap d. 9. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 8, wherein a first phase difference plate is disposed between a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal layer, the first phase difference plate having a direction perpendicular to the substrate Negative refractive index anisotropy, and the hysteresis df · {(nx+ny)/2-nz} of the first phase difference plate is almost in the following range:
4.4<[dp · {(nx+ny)/2-nz}]/(dlc · Δη) <0.7 Here, dp: thickness of the first phase difference plate nx, ny, nz: xyz axis direction The refractive index die: the thickness of the liquid crystal layer Δη·the refractive index difference between the abnormal ray ne of the liquid crystal molecules and the normal ray.
10. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 9, wherein the first retardation plate is disposed adjacent to the second substrate at the liquid crystal layer. The refractory liquid crystal display device of claim 8, wherein the light reflecting plate has a corrugated uneven shape on a reflecting surface thereof. 12. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 8, wherein a phase difference plate having a negative hysteresis, a quarter wave plate, and a polarizing plate are sequentially stacked in relation to the second On the side surface of the liquid crystal layer of the substrate. 13. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 8, wherein the first substrate portion has a light transmitting region in which the optical reflecting plate is not formed. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face each other and forming a light reflecting plate on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer comprising a sealed a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy between the first substrate and the second substrate; a vertical alignment film formed on a boundary of the liquid crystal layer between the two substrates; and an alignment control structure Formed at a corresponding region on the second substrate facing a gap portion between adjacent electrodes on the first substrate, wherein liquid crystal alignment in the pixel electrode becomes almost a single-domain alignment state. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein an alignment control structure that contacts the long sides of the adjacent electrodes or has an overlapping phenomenon viewed from an orthogonal direction of the substrate surface is formed in the face The 1300154
A second alignment control structure having a width of 83 1300 154 is formed adjacent to the alignment control structure at a second corresponding region on the second substrate of the pixel electrode. 22. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 14, wherein an alignment control structure substantially parallel to a short side of the pixel electrode and having a width of 4 #m or less is adjacent to the pixel electrode The gap portion of the long side of the pixel electrode is formed. 23. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 14, wherein the liquid crystal has a liquid crystal alignment state formed by dispersing the dispersed photopolymerization material according to a voltage applied to the liquid crystal. chain. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other and forming a light reflecting plate on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer comprising a sealed a liquid crystal between the first and the second substrate and having a negative dielectric anisotropy; a vertical alignment film formed on a boundary of the liquid crystal layer between the two substrates; and an alignment adjustment process only in the first Performing on the two substrates, and having an alignment adjustment force equal to or larger than an alignment adjustment force of a oblique electric field generated at a gap portion between adjacent electrodes on the second substrate, where the pixel electrode The alignment of the liquid crystal is almost turned into a single-field alignment. 84 1300154. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 24, wherein the alignment adjustment process is an alignment film that is reformed by irradiation of light from any orientation. 26. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other; a light reflecting plate positioned on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer comprising Sealing the liquid crystal between the first and the second substrate, having a negative dielectric anisotropy, having an azimuthal property under the reflection intensity caused by an uneven shape of the light reflecting plate, and The orientation that becomes the local maximum in the reflection intensity is almost at right angles to cross-align the orientation. 27. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 14, wherein the middle finger wrinkle uneven shape is formed on the reflective surface of the light reflecting plate. 28. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 24, wherein the corrugated uneven shape is formed on the reflective surface of the light reflecting plate. 29. The reflective liquid crystal display device of claim 26, wherein a corrugated uneven shape is formed on the reflective surface of the light reflecting plate. 85
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