1 Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation) is profit before income tax, net finance expense, depreciation, amortisation, costs relating to business combinations and exceptional items.
2 Adjusted profit before income tax is calculated as profit on ordinary activities before amortisation, taxation, costs relating to business combinations and exceptional items.
3 Adjusted earnings per share is calculated as adjusted profit before income tax less applicable taxation divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period.
4 Percentage increases and decreases have been calculated throughout this document based on the underlying values.


text:
Q: Filtering SqlDataSource based on user I'm retrieving data from my database which is easily done by assign the query to SelectCommand.  However I want display certain records based on the type of user that is logged in.  I'm using ASP.Net & C#.
<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSourceInbox" runat="server"
    ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:DBConnectionString %>"
    ProviderName="<%$ ConnectionStrings:DBConnectionString.ProviderName %>"

    SelectCommand="SELECT MESSAGE_ID, FACILITY_ID, TYPE, DEPARTMENT, STATUS, REMARKS
                   FROM INBOX ORDER BY DATE_RECIEVED"
</asp:SqlDataSource>

I've attempted to use the code-behind by accessing the properties through it's ID but that doesn't seem to work.  Any ideas? or would it be better to handle it without code-behind?

A: If you are using the Sql Server and SqlClient Provider, you can construct you query as follow:
<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSourceInbox"
     SelectCommand="SELECT MESSAGE_ID, FACILITY_ID, TYPE, DEPARTMENT, STATUS, REMARKS
                    FROM INBOX ORDER BY DATE_RECIEVED
                    WHERE USER_NAME=@UserName"
     runat="server">
</asp:SqlDataSource>

See that I´m adding a WHERE clause filtering by an hypothetical field "USER_NAME" (or other field you want) and a parameter @UserName.
So, in the code behind you get the logged user name and add the select parameter with its value:
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string user = User.Identity.Name;
        SqlDataSourceInbox.SelectParameters.Clear();
        SqlDataSourceInbox.SelectParameters.Add("@UserName", user);
    }

I hope it helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Creating a fake or dummy pid in elixir In erlang it is possible to create a pid which does not correspond to a process. An example using this can be found here in Learn You Some Erlang.
pid(0,250,0).

Is there a way to do the same in elixir?
The closes I have got at the moment is to create a process that immediately terminates and use that pid.
fake_pid = Process.spawn(fn -> end)

This seams like a bit of a hack, and I am unsure if there might be some slight differences between a never created pid and a dead pid.

A: For your purposes, I would use self() from the test code. That would resolve to the process running the current test case.
If you for some reason need to test another pid, your way of using Process.spawn/1 is quite nice, because it ensures the pid is not taken (and doesn't point to something vital in the system) and that it is already dead (or alive, if you keep it alive for the duration of the test).
The Erlang :c.pid/3 or the new Elixir 1.1 IEx.Helpers.pid/3 are only meant to be convenience functions to be used in the shell.

A: You can use the pid/3 Erlang function directly in Elixir:
:c.pid(0,250,0)

Also - just a note from the Erlang docs:

Converts X, Y, Z to the pid <X.Y.Z>. This function should only be used when debugging.


text:
package es.gob.jmulticard.apdu.connection.cwa14890;

/** Excepción relacionada con la recepción de un Status Word 6688,
 * indicativo de que el checksum criptográfico es inválido.
 * @author Tomás García-Merás */
public final class InvalidCryptographicChecksum extends SecurityException {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = -366110067889217051L;

	/** Construye una excepción relacionada con un checksum criptográfico inválido
	 * en una APDU protegida según CWA-14890. */
	InvalidCryptographicChecksum() {
		super("Checksum criptografico invalido (APDU respuesta = 6688)"); //$NON-NLS-1$
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Faith Omole
PeFaith Omole
Involved in 2 productions.
Has worked with 14 other people in this database.
Faith Omole trained at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, where she played Katherine in Taming of the Shrew and the title role in Richard II whilst training.
Faith Omole CV
Pr Twelfth Night (2017)
Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester
Cast Viola
Pr A Midsummer Night's Dream (2019)
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre
Cast Hermia
Do you have anything to add to this page?
British Black and Asian Shakespeare Database by the University of Warwick, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council 2012-2015, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. See full copyright statement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How to Help a Loved One With Their Severe Mental Illness
It may be frightening to learn that someone you love is diagnosed with a mental illness. It's not as simple as a cold or the flu, where you can bring them some soup and put on their favorite movie. Mental illness comes with a lot of questions and uncertainty. You want to support them and offer all of the help you can — but where do you start?
Friends and family can have a significant impact on those dealing with mental illness. The data shows that an overwhelming number of people struggle with mental illnesses every day. The emotional support from a network of parents, siblings, partners, children, extended family members, coworkers, neighbors, and even coaches or teachers can have an immense effect on betterment.
While everyone has different support systems, some of which are larger than others, it's important to be there for the ones we love during these difficult times.
Making a Note of Changes
Friends and family typically see when things are "off" first. Early help or intervention is often the best defense against mental illness — which makes it important for those close to someone struggling to keep an eye out for notable changes in behavior or mood. Some of these may include:
Sudden loss of interest in hobbies or things they used to love
Feelings of sadness or anger for no reason
Little to no enjoyment in anything or emotional numbness
A drastic change in eating habits
A notable change in sleeping patterns
Always saying they're feeling sick when they're typically healthy
Missing lots of school or work
Heavy drinking or drug use for coping
They've expressed hearing voices or unsettling thoughts
Anxiety or terror regarding normal objects or situations
Voicing suicidal ideation
Straying away from those they love (family and friends)
Now, it's important to note that changes like these could be from any number of things — but they could be the early signs of struggling with mental illness.
Validation and Empathy Are Key
One of the most difficult aspects of helping someone you love with mental illness is validating their experiences. It can be tough, as it may be making your life more challenging — but you can't begin to imagine what it's like for them. Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness can significantly impact relationships — but without validation and empathy, they won't be able to make the progress you wish to see.
If you're unsure about how to help someone, that's OK! You're not a professional, and mental illness can be complex and difficult to understand. However, it's less about trying to fix their struggles and more about validating their experiences.
"I'm not sure how to make things better, but I'm sorry you're hurting, it sounds awful."
"I understand that you're going through a lot, but there are people out there going through far worse."
Sure, option number one doesn't seem to offer any solutions or ways to reconstruct thinking — but it offers support without pulling the rug out from underneath someone. Option number two undermines their feelings and furthers the divide of understanding about their experiences compared with your own. Developing a positive mindset isn't something we can force upon people; it's something that needs to be learned and explored for yourself.
You don't want them to feel more alone than they already do, so it's important to validate and empathize without trying to compare. We don't have to agree with how someone feels about something, but we can acknowledge it. This brings them one step closer to feeling comfortable expressing how they feel and, eventually, moving on with the right help.
Don't Take Symptoms Personally
Like any illness, mental illness has symptoms that can come and go depending on a wide range of factors. These symptoms can be terribly frightening for your loved one, but they may also manifest themselves in different ways that could impact you.
Like sweating during the flu or coughing when someone has a cold, these are uncontrollable symptoms. However, unlike physical ailments, mental illness may present symptoms that we perceive as choices. For instance, fatigue is a symptom of a wide range of mental illnesses, and it can be difficult to combat. Perhaps your friend or loved one is struggling with an anxiety disorder or depression and can't seem to focus — which may lead to agitated reactions towards you.
It's not personal, and taking offense to uncontrollable feelings may isolate them in the long run.
There's No Timetable for Mental Illness
Unlike physical ailments that have comprehensive treatment plans with tangible timetables — mental illness doesn't have a timeframe. In fact, many mental illnesses come and go for years and years — so it's important to understand that things aren't going to go away in a few short weeks or months.
You're there to help them through the process, however long that may be. Love isn't always easy — and mental illness can be a true test of that. Just like with someone struggling with a long-term or terminal illness, you'll need to make that one-time decision that you're willing to be by their side with all of this. It's not uncommon for someone dealing with mental illness to feel like pushing those closest to them away or feel as if they're toxic to their own relationships. Sometimes, choosing to be there and loving someone that doesn't love themselves, especially during those early stages, can be the key to getting them on track to betterment.
Finding the Right Help
Advocating for your friend or loved one can be the saving grace they need during this difficult period of time. The early stages are oftentimes the most challenging, with so many questions and days of uncertainty — having a patient companion can be immensely beneficial. It starts with creating an environment of trust, acceptance, empathy, and healing.
You're not there to save the day, as you're unable to cure their mental illness — but there are some things you can help make easier on them. You may be able to assist in finding what treatment options are available. Those very first appointments can be terrifying and difficult to embark on — especially if they lack energy, motivation, or they're having difficulty focusing. If they feel comfortable, accompany them to their very first appointment with a family doctor and write down questions or notes in advance.
If they would rather do it on their own, fully support their decision and ask if there's anything you can do to help in the meantime. Finding the right counselor can also be difficult, but if they're looking for some help — you can look up trusted services near you.
Severe situations may require hospitalization — which can be extremely difficult. While there's plenty you can do to make their lives and experiences less stressful — you can't always prevent a crisis from occurring. If you're worried about their immediate well-being or the safety of others — it's important to act.
Remember to Take Care of Yourself
Helping someone you know or love with mental illness requires a lot of love and patience. It's not an easy task. One of the best ways you can support and advocate for your loved one's progress is by also taking care of yourself.
There will be days where you're frustrated, drained, or even resentful — and these feelings will be exponentiated if you're not giving yourself the attention you need to better help the ones you care for. So, be sure to focus on sleep, diet, and exercise at all times so that you're better suited to be a shoulder to lean on. You can try our five things to try in the morning to start the day off right, or even share these with your loved one.
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text:
André Poggenburg, född 12 mars 1975 i Weißenfels i dåvarande Östtyskland, är en tysk politiker (AfD).

Sedan 2014 är han förbundslandsordförande för AfD-Sachsen Anhalt. Sedan 2016 är Poggenburg ledamot av Sachsen-Anhalts Lantdag där han fram till 2018 var gruppledare för AfD-gruppen och därmed var oppositionsledare mot regeringen Haseloff. Efter två varningar från partiets förbundsledning och efter att hans grupp hade dragit tillbaka sitt förtroende för honom tillkännagav han den 8 mars 2018 att han kommer lämna båda positionerna vid slutet av månaden. Den 27 mars 2018 tog Oliver Kirchner över som gruppledare.

Tillsammans med AfD Thüringens ordförande Björn Höcke författade han 2015 en programförklaring för AfD:s völkisch-falang, "Erfurter Resolution".

Referenser

Externa länkar

Födda 1975
Levande personer
Män
Personer från Weissenfels
AfD-politiker
Tyska politiker under 2000-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Peacock & Paisleys Patterned Paper uses fun designs from the Paisley Peacock Stamp Set and The Perfect Reason Stamp Set. Printed in 8 of our Party colors, these patterned sheets will give you a vibrant pop to your cards.
You'll get three (3) sheets of each of the eight (8) different designs.
Catherine Pooler Designs patterned paper is 6″ x 6″ in size, single sided, made from 80# cardstock and printed in the USA.


text:
"Селяни на маса" е картина на испанския художник Диего Веласкес от около 1619 г. Картината (96 x 112 cm) се съхранява в Музея за изящни изкуства в Будапеща. Използваната техника е маслени бои върху платно.

История
"Селяни на маса" е произведение от най-ранния период на художника, преди преместването му от Севиля в Мадрид по покана на граф Оливарес. Нарисувана е когато Веласкес е едва 20-годишен.

Няма споменаване на произведението преди 1795 г., когато е намерено, вероятно в колекцията на О'Крули в Кадис, където е описано като "платно в пейзажен формат с малка планина с двама овчари. Това е едно от най-обрите му произведения. През 1897 г. е част от колекцията на А. Сандерсън в Единбург. Музеят в Будапеща закупува картината от лондонската аукционна къща Кристис през 1908 г.

Описание
Творбата е причислявана стилистично към т. нар. "bodegones" – жанр, много популярен през 17 век в Испания, букв. "изба, таверна". Изразено е мнение, че такива картини могат да бъдат украса на залите за хранене на таверните, оттук и голямата им популярност както в творчеството на младия Веласкес и на неговите колеги и последователи.

Тп се характеризира със силно караваджистко влияние. Стилът е значително по-различен от по-късните творби на майстора. Въпреки младостта си, естествената простота на изображението и задълбоченото портретуване на персонажите показват заложби, определяни като сходни с тези на прочутия му съвременник Рембранд.

Картината съчетава натюрморт от храни и напитки с изобразяване на трима комични фермери, чиято физиономия художникът изучава отблизо. Тя показва: вляво сивобрад старец в сив кафтан; в центъра момиче с бяла шапка което налива червено вино от кана в чаша за стареца; вдясно – младо момче с малки мустачки, облечено в жълт кафтан с бяла яка. По-младият мъж жестикулира с дясната си ръка, за да подсили историята, идваща от полуотворените му устни, а по-възрастният мъж слуша внимателно, докато държи чашата си към жена, за да може тя да я напълни отново с вино. Цялата група седи на маса, покрита с бяла покривка. На масата има чиния с риба и половин лимон, чаша с жълтеникава напитка, кифла, нож, солница, корен от пащърнак с листа и ябълка.

Творбата е почти идентична с друга картина на автора – "Обяд", съхранявана в Ермитажа в Санкт Петербург. Рентгеновата снимка на "Селяни на маса" показва покаяние върху вдигнатия палец на младия мъж вдясно, което говори за педантичността на художника. От друга страна, главата на този млад мъж е копие на Глава на млад мъж в профил от Ермитажа (която е оцелял фрагмент от голяма изгубена картина с неизвестен сюжет), въпреки че не е вярно копие: по-дебелата и увиснала долна устна е тук срещу персонажа. Старият човек, седнал с лице напред, е същият, който се появява в "Обяд" в Ермитажа, по-ранна версия на същата тема, с която платното в Будапеща запазва тясна връзка.

Бележки

Картини в Музея за изящни изкуства (Будапеща)
Картини на Веласкес


At ~600MB the server save is getting a bit ridiculous to join. That is over 60 seconds download time on my 10 MB/sec internet connection. Good luck with a slower connection speed!
I have a feeling the trade off in increased load speed for saving the connection information might not be worth the ~6 times increase to file size.
Can I ask whether the overall joining time (taking into account the "calculating paths" time previously) for you is now more or less than it was before the path explorer data saving was introduced? For me, it is significantly less, but I get the impression that this might not be so for you?
I did not really notice much of a difference. Before rebuilding all the paths took a very long time. Now the server saving (compressing many GB of data) and transmitting (~60 seconds for me) is extremely long. Unfortunately I do not have timing data for either case.
However in the process you might have pushed the server out of sensible reach for many people. I have a 10 MB/sec internet connection which might not be the fastest but is still faster than a lot of people even here in the UK. My old internet connection, which I used to join the previous bridge water server game before double heights and such, was only around 0.3 MB/sec. On such slow connection it would take 30 minutes to join the current server, instead of the ~6 minutes it took before the change. For such people this is a massive increase in joining time since even a slowish computer could probably recalculate all that stuff in 24 minutes.
Unfortunately it is getting to the point that maybe the server game map size was a bit too ambitious. If it were reduced by 3/4 of the size it would still be ~200MB odd which is more reasonable to join and a lot of other things including memory usage would be a lot better so even the server would be struggling a lot less.
In the long term maybe a state streaming model is needed for maps of this complexity, similar to FPS games where by the server calculates everything and streams a view to the players. This would lower joining time massively to just a few seconds for even the most complex maps.
Thank you for your feedback. What I really need to know in order to decide whether to disable path explorer data saving in relation to the server game is whether, on average and overall, joining is now faster or slower, otherwise reverting this may make things worse (on average and overall) rather than better.
As to the size of the server game: the eventual data size is difficult to predict for any starting map size without actually attempting to start at any given time. What matters, of course, is not the size of the map in tiles but the quantity of towns and player transport infrastructure. Once this map reaches a few years beyond the present day, I intend to make the next map somewhat smaller in size (~400-500 towns instead of 760 as in the current map), which should help matters. I notice that there are still, by 1951, large areas of the map not reached by transport networks, suggesting that the number of players interested in playing this game and able to join the server is less than the number of players needed to develop a map of this size fully, suggesting that a moderately smaller map would still give ample scope for enjoyment.
However, I do want a map physically large enough to make air transit and shipping interesting.


PBI Construction Ltd is a painting and decorating company specializing in interior and exterior decorations in residential and commercial premises. Dedicated to delivering results tailored to the client's expectations with outstanding services and quality craftsmanship, we do everything from quick clean-up jobs to detail-oriented, high-end projects, single rooms to whole buildings.
With over 15 years experience in the painting and decorating industry, we have already earned a strong reputation for quality workmanship, delivered in a professional manner, on time and at a fair price. Over the years we have retained many of the same customers and businesses.
For your assurance, we are fully insured with Employers and Public Liability Insurance.


Whether you're new to real estate or an experienced veteran, making real estate investments isn't easy! If you are looking for some valuable investments tips, you have come to the right place. Keep reading for solid ideas on how to become successful at investing in real estate.
Understand that reputation is one of the most important aspects that you will deal with when venturing into this business. Therefore, you should always abide by your word and never lie to a potential client. Once people know you're trustworthy, they'll be more willing to work with you in the future.
You must develop a good feel for local property values. This will give you a better understanding of what your home is worth. This will help you to make a practical and heady decision.
Be certain you spend enough time on the endeavor to really understand it. Sacrifice other activities for the time being. Ditch poker night or another guilty pleasure so you have more time to hone your investing skills.
Find a market you enjoy. Limiting yourself to one market segment makes it easier to learn the necessary skills. Perhaps you want to work with fixer-uppers, starter homes or even renting; the key is to find the segment you like and have success with.
When you purchase a property as an investment, it is a smart idea to look for a good handyman. If you don't, costly repairs may have a negative impact on your cash flow. A reliable handyman can also address any emergency repairs that your tenants may spring on you at night.
Learn about the neighborhood before investing in real estate. By educating yourself to the surrounding area and local laws, you eliminate future surprises that may affect you negatively. Speak with the people who live in the area to get a grasp of the renting potential of property in this neighborhood.
Do your homework about municipal governments of any real estate market you plan on investing in. You should be able to find information online. You can find out details on city planning that can influence how real estate prices will fare in the future. Growing cities are decent investments.
Be sure to familiarize yourself with local rules and regulations before investing. Such rules vary from place to place, so you need to be familiar with them all. Before you invest your money, contact the local officials to make sure that you understand what it would require to be compliant.
Don't buy property that is too far from the price range in the neighborhood. Buying for too much means that you won't get as much of a profit. If you want to buy cheap property, you'll probably spend a lot on renovations. Look for properties that have a reasonable price tag.
The above article has helped you to understand that investment success comes about with the help of understanding the current market. Now that you have this information, you should be able to recognize a good investment. To become successful, you should study what successful investors do and follow their advice.


text:
Prose Author Details
Liam O'Flaherty
Liam O'Flaherty(1896–1984) was an Irish novelist and short story writer and a major figure in the Irish literary renaissance. He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Ireland. A native Irish-speaker from the Gaeltacht, O'Flaherty wrote almost exclusively in English, except for a small number of short stories in the Irish language. He spent most of his time in travelling and lived comfortably and quietly outside the spotlight.
William Shakespeare(1564–1616) was born in Stratfordupon-Avon, England. He was an English poet, playwright and actor. Widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving body of work includes 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems, the majority of which he penned between 1589 and 1613.
Alphonse Daudet(1840-1897) was a French novelist and short-story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria. In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands.
Mary Mapes Dodge
Mary Mapes Dodge (1831–1905) was an American children's
author and editor, best known for her novel Hans Brinker. She was
the recognized leader in juvenile literature for almost a third of the
nineteenth century. Dodge conducted St. Nicholas for more than
thirty years, and it became one of the most successful magazines for
children. She was able to persuade many of the great writers of the
world to contribute to her children's magazine – Mark Twain, Louisa
May Alcott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Tennyson etc.
Joseph Bell
Joseph Bell (1837-1911).He was a lecturer in medicine whose detective approach to diagnosis inspired Arthur Conan Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline. Joseph Bell was born in Edinburgh.
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (1859-1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character of Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. Doyle wrote forty-six short stories featuring the famous detective. The story is narrated by the character, Dr.Watson. Originally a physician, in 1887 he published A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels about Holmes and Dr. Watson. In addition, Doyle wrote over fifty short stories featuring the famous detective. The Sherlock Holmes stories are generally considered milestones in the field of fiction. His notable works include Stories of Sherlock Holmes and The Lost World.
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar was born on 24th April 1973 in Mumbai, Maharastra. He was a former Indian cricketer and captain widely regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time. He made an impact in cricket from a very early age, displaying a prodigious talent. The world famous cricketer has set many records in his career and is considered as one of the greatest Batsman of all times. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first to score double century in a One Day International , and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. He played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha. He retired from cricket on 16th November 2013. 'Learning the Game' is an extract from his autobiography Playing it My Way
Samuel Langhorne Clemens
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humourist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer. Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for his novels. His famous works are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in Tiruchirappalli. He carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect and to commemorate it, February-28 is celebrated as National Science Day. In 1954, India honoured him with its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as 'Pandit Nehru' while many Indian children knew him as 'Uncle Nehru'.
William Temple Hornaday
William Temple Hornaday, Sc.D. (December 1, 1854 - March 6, 1937) was an American zoologist , conservationist, taxidermist, and author. He was a pioneer in the early wild life conversation movement in the United States. During his life time he published many books and articles on the need for conservation of wild llife
Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion. He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. The biography of Sir Isaac Newton was published in Nathaniel Hawthorne's, True Stories from History and Biography (1851).
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), Nobel prize-winning Bengali poet, author, philosopher, artist, and educator wrote "Gitanjali" (1912). "My Reminiscences" was written and published in his fiftieth year, shortly before he started on a trip to Europe and America for his failing health in 1912. It was in the course of this trip that he wrote for the first time in the English language for publication.
Ruskin Bond is a short story writer, novelist and poet, the favourite writer of Indian children. His first novel, Room on the Roof, was published when he was still in his teens. This novel won him the John Rhys Memorial Award in 1957. He also writes about children and the simple hill folk of Uttarakhand. Simplicity and fluency of language and an insight into human nature are hallmarks of his style. His major writings include An Island of Trees, A Bond with the Mountains and The India I Love. He has also been honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award for his contribution to Indian literature.
Rajagopalachari
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) informally called Rajaji, was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian and statesman. Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born governor-general, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. He was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.


I began snappin' all the love when I was nineteen, and am here for a good time, not a long time. I'm not gonna throw you in a shallow riverbed barefoot on a gloomy day. Ain't nobody got time for the conventional. I'm here to show off your partner at the sight of their tears, your family after ten or so beers, all so you can look back on it for years and years (damn that was good).
A non-invasive experience is one that allows for more fun. I'm only here for the authentic stuff, like your grandparents' hidden dance moves. If us three become a team, this once in a lifetime affair will be a piece of cake. The two of you will go about your day with all those nerves and shivers, and I'll just stick to being that lanky guy in the corner who dresses like some cowboy/tourist.
No two weddings are the same. Taking a commercial approach toward my work just wouldn't feel right. What you see here stems strictly from passion. I could never forget that this type of documentation is timeless. It's integral for me to capture the feelings that are evoked from your day, to ensure you feel the same way forty, fifty, sixty years later upon reflecting. I'm eager to know your stories, where you've been, what drives you.
You'll find me galloping around the country Victorian landscapes most days. Anywhere interstate is fine by me, just feed us some grub would ya? If you're jetting off overseas, it's honestly the least of my worries, and probably more affordable than you think.


I took a few more photos on May 17th – so there will be bonus photos! I usually include them when I have trouble deciding what photo to choose on any given day.
That day was the first day for photos of the feeders that had been recently put out. It took a little while for the birds to find them, but once they did, they have come in droves as they fight over the precious few feeder holes! I feed my birds only safflower seed, as the grackles, blue jays, and red winged black birds don't like that all that much. I found if I used a mixed seed, I had to add seed to the feeders at least twice a day! Now … that's too much — and too expensive, too! A few days ago, I decided to add another feeder so that the food will last a few days before having to restock their food.
1. Blue jay enjoying seed below the feeders. They may be bullies to the smaller song birds, but they sure are pretty!
365 photo #139 (May 18) — another rhododendron bud about to bloom.
2. And one on the ground under the feeder area finding seed there.
And … I'll stop for now – and continue my update later.
I have four 365 photos to post today which will "catch me up".
Over the last two weeks I have been noticing some difficulty with left my wrist and hand. I'm not exactly sure when it began, but it appears to me and my amateur diagnosis to be a little carpel tunnel. I have been unsure as to how I got it, and my first thought was typing – as I spend a lot of time on the computer. However, I'm not so sure, although, at this point, typing can't be helping it either. At this point, I think it's from holding my camera so tightly — especially when I have my heavy 100-400 mm lens on – which I do so much of the time, as that is my main means of getting my wildlife shots. I believe that I hold my left hand under the lens to steady it in such a manner that it remains in a difficult "bent" or "twisted" position for too long. Plus — my muscles are held "taut" – also for way too long for it to be good for them.
It got worse the day after I returned from the Daufuskie Island trip, which was a "red flag" since I'd spent about 4 hours non stop with the camera. Since then I have tried to reduce the time with my camera. As you can imagine this is not easy for me, as I love photography. I now have a wrist / hand brace, which holds it steady so it won't twist or bend, and I think that is going to help me so I can continue doing what I love, though I know I still must cut back. I have to work out a good way to hold the camera with it on, however. Today's photos were taken with a much lighter lens, and have not experimented with larger lens yet. The pain is not awful, but I also don't want it to GET awful!
365 photo # 109 — A house finch. And — I didn't realize there was a second one there until I got this photo onto the computer!
365 photo #110 — We truly DO have a bluebird nest in our bluebird box in our back yard. This is Mrs. Bluebird bringing in a worm — probably for babies inside. After I snapped this photo, he went right in with the worm.
365 photo #111 — Mr. Cardinal in the grass in our back yard. I am watching the male cardinals being very feisty around each other. I think that is quite territorial when they are nesting. there are also some female cardinals around, too and I would love to get a another photo of the male feeding the female as I did a few years ago right on our patio with one of the seeds from our feeder!
Finally it was a crystal clear day today! It was a bit cooler, so the alligator didn't appear, but the birds were active on our feeders, as well as inside the Camellia bush that serves as a "staging area" for them before and after they land on the feeders. I try to take photos of the birds when I'm outside, but they're "onto" me – and hide. I don't much like taking photos through the glass of the sliding glass door, but sometimes my best shot of birds come that way. Even then they are skittish of me even there, but less so.
And, today we have two bonus photos – both taken on other days. There was a request for my squirrel photo from yesterday, so here it is, in addition to another taken a few days ago. I call them "squirrelybirds" because I suspect they wish they were birds so they would be more welcome on the feeders! They are cute, but would eat me out of seed if I let them! As always, click any photo to see it larger on my flickr site.
1. Squirrel photo taken yesterday on the patio as he surveys the seed that has fallen from the feeders.
2. Squirrel – peeking from behind the tree, as he comes down the tree.


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Compass errors
Getting a magnetic compass to tell the truth about North
Most recreational sailors today navigate their craft using electronic devices. This is all well and good until an electrical failure on board shuts them down or when the GPS fails (see "GPS Vulnerabilities 101," November 2010). In either of these events, they need an alternative navigation system. Loran is no longer operational, so sailors must go back to the navigation techniques used before electronic navigation systems existed — navigating by compass. Most boats have a non-electronic magnetic compass on board, but how many skippers know how to navigate with a magnetic compass? And do they know whether or not their boats' compasses are reliable?
A compass uses Earth's magnetic field to provide directional information, but aboard a boat there are other magnetic fields to lead it astray. Moreover, Earth's magnetic field does not align conveniently with the lines of longitude we use for navigating.
The wandering poles
Earth's magnetic poles have been wandering around the north- and south-polar regions for millions of years independent of each other. Data collected from the 1500s until the present show that, during this relatively brief period in the history of the Earth, the magnetic north pole has made a trip from the Arctic Ocean into northern Canada north of Hudson Bay and back to the Arctic Ocean at an average speed of about 10 to 15 miles per year. It's impossible to predict where the magnetic poles will go next. Larry Newitt of the Geological Survey of Canada says, "Although it has been moving north or northwest for a hundred years, it is not going to continue in that direction forever. Its speed has increased considerably during the past 25 years and it could just as easily decrease a few years from now."
In addition to the long-term movement of the magnetic poles there is also a daily (diurnal) movement of the poles. This daily movement follows a roughly elliptical path around the pole's average position. The path is sometimes a very small ellipse and sometimes a very large one — more than 100 miles during a 24-hour period. It's believed that this diurnal movement is caused by the solar wind of charged particles streaming from the sun, and that solar storms on the surface of the sun can influence the size of this elliptical path.
Variation and isogonic lines
Lines of longitude on a chart are aligned north and south, terminating at the Earth's axis at 90 degrees north latitude (the North Pole) and 90 degrees south latitude (the South Pole). Magnetic north is not at the North Pole, and the angular difference between the direction toward the North Pole — true north — and the direction toward the magnetic north pole — magnetic north — is called variation. Variation is expressed in degrees east or west of true north.
Variation is different from place to place on Earth's surface and, since the magnetic poles are continuously migrating, it also changes over time. The variation in London, for example, changed more than 34 degrees between 1580 and 1850 due to the movement of the magnetic north pole. Unfortunately, mariners in those days often ignored variation (or were ignorant of it) and ships and lives were lost as a result.
The magnetic lines of force around Earth are extremely irregular, primarily due to the non-uniform distribution of ferrous material inside Earth. Lines that connect points where variation is the same are known as isogonic lines.
In 1700, astronomer and mathematician Edmond Halley (1656-1742) — for whom the comet and space telescope are named — made one of many scientific voyages to measure variation. He returned with a huge amount of data that were used to create what he described as "Magnetic Curve Lines" connecting points of equal variation. This was the first isogonic chart.
While isogonic charts show the distribution of variation worldwide, they don't show the many localized irregularities that, in many cases, can be enormous. Off the Australian coast, for example, there is a position where, in the distance of two football fields, the variation changes by 90 degrees!
Many local variations (called magnetic anomalies) are the result of volcanic eruptions that have deposited iron-rich lava on the ocean floor. Changes in compass readings caused by these iron deposits were first recorded by Icelandic sailors in the 1700s.
An isogonic chart displays lines of equal magnetic variation. The outer circle of a compass rose is marked with bearings relative to true north. The inner circle is offset from it by the magnetic variation at that location.
The compass rose
It was Robert Norman, of England, who first distilled variation down to a simple diagram, the compass rose, which is still found on all paper charts today.
The nautical chart's compass rose presents information about variation in a convenient, simple, and usable form. The outer ring of the rose shows bearings to true north or south, which coincide with the lines of longitude. The next inner ring of the rose shows magnetic bearings — directions relative to the magnetic north and south poles. In the center, the current variation for the region covered by the chart is printed in degrees east or west together with the date of this variation and the annual predicted change. Since the movement of the magnetic poles is erratic and unpredictable in the long term, this predicted annual change in variation is only applicable for a few years from the date shown on the chart. Nevertheless, the yearly change can be extrapolated with reasonable accuracy on charts that are just a few years old.
A current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field around that wire, and the greater the current, the stronger the magnetic field. Most of this magnetism is cancelled out if wires are run in pairs, that is, run close together or twisted together, where one wire carries current to the load and the other carries the return current from the load.
Electrical appliances or navigation instruments can also be sources of unwanted magnetic fields. In particular, loudspeakers that contain strong permanent magnets produce very strong magnetic fields and should never be installed or placed anywhere near the compass.
Alternators, when operating, can also produce a substantial magnetic field. If your compass is within several feet of your engine's alternator, you will probably see that the compass heading changes when the engine is running and driving the alternator.
Large masses containing iron, such as the engine, affect magnetic fields around them (including Earth's) and can even be magnetized themselves.
With all these stray magnetic fields aboard a boat, most magnetic compasses don't actually point to magnetic north at all. The difference between the true magnetic heading and the heading that the compass is showing is termed deviation, and deviation is particular to every individual boat. In fact the deviation aboard a boat can change due to simple things like canned food being stowed too close to the compass.
Deviation was not a big problem aboard wooden sailing ships, since the amount of ferrous metal on board was minimal. However, in 1627, Captain John Smith (1580-1631) suggested that wooden pegs be used as fastenings when a binnacle was constructed to house a compass because the iron nails commonly used could throw the compass heading off.
When iron ships came on the scene, deviation was of real consequence until a method of compensating for the error with the use of soft iron and magnets was proven. Compasses used on sailboats today have small magnets built into their housings. Positioned 90 degrees apart, they can be rotated using a non-magnetic screwdriver through screw slots in the case.
Conquering deviation, though, is not simple, since deviation varies with the boat's heading or angle of heel. Owners of steel boats have to consider another factor: if a steel boat continues on the same course for a long time while being battered by seas, it can become re-magnetized by the Earth's magnetic field, perhaps in a new direction, and the deviation cards will no longer be accurate.
Deviation card
Correcting the deviation completely is a complicated process and tends to involve a combination of art and science. Thankfully, manufacturers of compasses for recreational boats have given us only two adjustments: the two small bar magnets inside the compass case.
The procedure during which these two magnets are adjusted is known as swinging the compass, or swinging ship, and requires the boat to be steered on the cardinal headings (N, E, S, and W). It is usually outlined in the instruction sheet that comes with the compass and can also be found in Chapman Piloting and Seamanship and other books. For those who consider the process daunting, there's always the option of hiring a compass adjuster. It will be money well spent. The adjuster will adjust the compass to take out as much of the deviation as possible and also make up the deviation card.
Swinging the compass is a good project for a calm day when you're waiting for the wind to pick up. The effort may repay you at some unexpected time in the future.
The conventional way to make a deviation card is to motor the boat along known bearings (set up by ranges on fixed marks ashore or GPS bearings toward landmarks at known positions) and comparing the compass heading to the known or GPS magnetic bearing. Doing this every 15 or 20 degrees around the compass gives enough readings.
To make the deviation card for your boat, plot these readings as points on a graph and draw a smooth line through them. Some of the points might not lie exactly on the curve but you will find that the curve is very close to a sine wave and that the deviation error is zero on two headings only.
You might want to take the boat out again and check the accuracy of the card with the engine running and when navigation lights and other electronic gear are turned on.
Once you have made and double-checked your deviation card, laminate it and keep it near the compass or in a handy spot down below in preparation for that time when your compass will be your primary navigational tool. It's possible that, if your compass is close to the engine's alternator, you might need two deviation charts, one for when you're sailing and another for when the engine is running.
Heeling error
There is one additional concern: heeling error. This error can be introduced when your boat is heeled over and the boat's ferrous metals and magnetic fields change position in relation to the gimbaled compass. Since this might change the deviation error, it's a good idea to double-check your deviation card when you're sailing to windward at a good angle of heel.
Iron ships and deviation
In the early 1800s, the first ships built of iron began to sail the oceans. Huge compass errors resulted from deviation and led to many disasters.
Ferrous metals, such as iron, and to a lesser extent steel, have a unique quality. If they are pounded in the presence of a magnetic field, they take on the direction of that field and become magnets themselves. Iron ships were fastened with rivets, which are headed metal pins or bolts, usually iron or steel, used for uniting metal plates. A rivet is heated red hot and, with the head on the outside, the shank is passed through the holes in the plates. The end of the shank is then hammered down to form another head on the inside. When the rivet cools and contracts, it joins the plates tightly together.
Tens of thousands of rivets were used in the construction of a ship. If the ship was being constructed with its keel aligned in a north-south direction, the hammering of thousands of rivets would cause the ship to take on Earth's magnetic field and, in essence, become a huge magnet . . . so much so that a compass at the bow would often read 180 degrees away from one at the stern. The magnetism in the hulls of those first iron ships caused so much difficulty it was said they could never be successfully navigated and were unsafe.
The principle of deviation was not well understood in the early days of iron vessels, but distancing the compass from the iron hull was found to reduce its effect. One way this was achieved was to mount the compass atop a pole, often so high that a ladder was required to read it. Another method for getting a low-deviation reading was to take a compass up to the crow's nest.
In 1838, the head of the Royal Navy's hydrographic office, Francis Beaufort — who originated the Beaufort Wind Scale — asked scientist and Astronomer Royal, George Airy, to examine the deviation problem aboard iron ships and suggest a solution. Airy was able to reduce the errors to nearly zero by placing several bar magnets and pieces of soft iron in strategic positions near the ship's compass.
Later, when deviation was more fully understood, shipwrights constructed brass binnacles and fitted a large iron ball on each side of the compass and close to it. The athwartships positions of these balls relative to the compass could be adjusted to take out a large amount of the deviation, but magnets and iron bars were still needed inside the binnacle for further compensation.
To this day, recreational boat compasses have tiny magnets inside their cases that can be adjusted to reduce the effects of deviation, just as Airy taught us in the early 1800s.
Don Launer, a Good Old Boat contributing editor, built his two-masted schooner, Delphinus, from a bare hull. He has held a USCG captain's license for more than 38 years and has written five books.


About this time last year, on a uncomfortably hot and yet windy and wet day, I was sitting in Escape, the aptly named, because air-conditioned, cafe in central Nuku'alofa, listening to several Tongans talk about Clive Edwards, a veteran and controversial player in their country's political scene.
Edwards has sometimes been called the Winston Peters of Tonga, but his career makes the leader of New Zealand First look like a paragon of consistency. For nearly three decades Edwards has moved back and forwards between Tonga's royalist political establishment and its pro-democracy opposition, sliding in and out of parties and Cabinet posts.
As Minister of Justice in the '90s, Edwards oversaw the jailing of several pro-democracy activists, including the distinguished journalist Kalafi Moala; a few years later, though, he was presenting himself as the voice of Tonga's opposition, and winning a parliamentary byelection as a candidate for the People's Democratic Party. Today Edwards sits once again in Cabinet, as part of an ultra-royalist and very unpopular government headed by Lord Tu'ivakano, a man elected by his fellow nobles rather than by voters on the general roll.
I found it hard to relate Clive Edwards, who hobbles about Nuku'alofa in expensive, extra- large suits, to that master mariner and fisher of islands Maui. My interlocutors explained, though, that Maui is a sort of archetype who returns in every generation of mortals, and pointed out that the legendary hero and Edwards share a penchant for trickery.
After talking with some of my Tongan colleagues at the 'Atenisi Institute, and eventually discovering the essays of Niel Gunson, the missionary-turned-scholar who insists that Tongans traditionally experienced time as a cyclical rather than a linear phenomenon, and made sense of personalities and events by interpreting them in terms of endlessly recurring archetypes, I began to understand what had seemed to me a very strange explanation for Clive Edwards' career.
In the visionary paintings of Benjamin Work, who has just had a triumphant debut exhibition at Otara's Fresh gallery, archetypal figures float or stride through a sort of timeless time. In a review of Benjamin's show for the online art journal EyeContact, I've suggested that his paintings not only educate us about Tongan history but give us a different, profoundly non-linear way of viewing history in general. You can read my piece here.
I mean "on the scene in the late 60s / 70s" (not sure how long).
Good art by Benjamin Work and also Sio Siasau.
Achetypes. I'm reading a strange but interesting book about "Late modernist poetics" which talks of archetypes, Heidegger, and much else in regard to Pound, Olson, Prynne and Celan.
Also the idea or ideas of time and much else.
Perhaps this "archetypical thinking" among some Tongans is what is referred to by the critic.
It is also in Greek society if not even the present day psyche somewhat.
In any case a less judgmental way of viewing people perhaps.
A way of "getting on" with each other?
A Tongan newspaper has been ordered to pay damages to the prime minister and six other cabinet ministers, following a successful defamation action.
The Kele'a newspaper published a letter to the editor in October 2012 that repeated claims made in Parliament against the ministers, accusing them of being above the law.
Observers say the case is part of an ongoing political duel.
Since Tonga's new parliament was elected in 2010, People's Representative 'Akilisi Pohiva has levelled accusations of corruption against government ministers. The veteran politician has had a long association with the Kele'a newspaper, which published a letter from Solomone Palu last October, echoing Mr Pohiva's claims. His long-time rival Clive Edwards, the minister of justice, says you can't make the claims without proof.
"CLIVE EDWARDS: It's one of the most ridiculous cases that have been raised and it's all political. How can you call somebody a thief, a criminal and not fit to be a minister or prime minister because he is a crook."
The editor, Mateni Tapueluelu, and his wife Laucala, who is the publisher, were each fined almost US$70,000 in damages and costs. Solomone Palu, who was ordered to pay more than US$34,000, was represented by Mr Pohiva. But the representative of the ministers was Clive Edwards himself, and New Zealand-based Tongan academic, Dr Malakai Koloamatangi, says that was a conflict of interest.
Dr MALAKAI KOLOAMATANGI: It is odd that the Minister for Justice is the lawyer in front of a local judge who is appointed by the ministry. That has to be cleared up.
Mr Edwards was also awarded costs for his time. But he says he sees no conflict of interest. Mateni Tapueluelu says the letter's content was already on the public record as it referred to accusations that were made in Parliament.
Interesting comments. My Dad actually knew Edwards back in the '70s, when he was active in Auckland as a lawyer, representative of the Tongan community, keen rugby player, and - I think - local councillor.
My father would play against him occasionally, and recalls him denouncing the status quo in Tonga and vowing never to live again in the kingdom!
I don't think that viewing Edwards in terms of some sort of archetype necessarily means refraining from criticising him. What the archetype offers, I suppose, is a sort of frame within which his behaviour is perceived and explained.
I did find it bewildering, though, that Edwards had been able, so many times, to reinvent himself. Lose Miller-Helu was in the frame when Futa Helu walked out of the Friendly Islands Democratic Party and formed his short-lived People's Democratic Party, under whose banner Edwards won a parliamentary byelection. She says that Futa forgave Edwards for his behaviour in the '90s, when he was nicknamed 'the hangman' because of his role in imprisoning enemies of the monarchy, after Edwards offered an apology.
Perhaps it is just as well that Futa didn't live to see Edwards jump back into the royalist vaka, join Lord Tu'ivakano's government, and start a new campaign against Tonga's pro-democratic press!
There are people like that who seem to be legends in their own time! I would say he has a lot of energy and charisma.
Strange case going on if he is the Minister of Justice anon!
The archetypes interested me as it is that kind of thing I find hard to get my head around.
Interesting your father played rugby (or league?) with him. I cant recall him, just that he had a Lawyer's Office (I think in Ponsonby when it was 'working class').
Peters is one such another: he is chameleon for sure. I think these guys also like to think or imagine they are wiley like Napoleon or Te Kooti, his NZ equivalent. My friend worked with Peters in the 70s. He is named after Winston Churchill, and sometimes used to affect a kind of English upper class superiority.
I wont talk about the incident when the Mt. Wellington-Pakuranga bridge was being built by Italian engineers...nor will I mention Peters re that.
Peters also loves all that controversy and manouevering..
Edwards. Peters. We always get to personalities. The men we love to hate or be irritated by.
I cant quite see him as Maui either!
Jesus healed 7 lepers, science has eliminated leprosy in almost the entire world.


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Home/News/Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Saturn line up on April 20, 2022
Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Saturn line up on April 20, 2022
Ordo News EditorApril 13, 2022Last Updated: April 13, 2022
(ORDO NEWS) — The planets Saturn, Mars, Venus and Jupiter will line up this month. Even the moon will join them.
While Mars and Venus are already in a cosmic dance in the sky above us, Saturn and Jupiter will join them in April to form a rare quartet. Jupiter will line up with Mars and Venus in mid-April.
But that is not all. By the end of April, these three planets will be joined by Saturn, similar to that great conjunction of 2020 when Jupiter and Saturn aligned together and were visible to the naked eye.
According to astronomers, it looks very breathtaking in the morning sky.
The alignment does not mean that these planets will overlap or come very close to each other, they will still be separated by billions of kilometers in space. The alignment is the result of the Earth's current position relative to these planets.
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  Marie est
       un village
       localisé dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Elle comptait 83 habitants en 2008.

La commune propose quelques  aménagements, elle propose entre autres un terrain de tennis et un terrain de sport.

Le parc de logements, à Marie, se décomposait en 2011 en 30 appartements et 68 maisons soit
 un marché relativement équilibré.

À proximité de Marie sont situées les communes de
Bairols localisée à 5 km, 103 habitants,
Valdeblore à 6 km, 802 habitants,
Pierlas située à 7 km, 110 habitants,
Ilonse à 2 km, 132 habitants,
Venanson à 9 km, 142 habitants,
Roure localisée à 7 km, 198 habitants,
 entre autres. De plus, Marie est située à seulement 26 km de Carros.

Si vous pensez emmenager à Marie, vous pourrez facilement trouver une maison à vendre.


Does anyone know which ARP wheel studs we need? Looking to possibly run spacers and I need longer studs.
HA! I actually have them in my car right now. I have to install mine soon.
Only thread I could find regarding ARP wheel studs... Are these too long to work with "normal" wheels - i.e. no spacers - and closed-end lug nuts? Need the upgrade for track-abuse strength, not the added length. Thanks!
I have the ARP studs installed and would guess that they are indeed too long to be used with the oem wheels & closed end lug nuts, though I haven't actually tried to mount 'em. I have a large collection of the oem style lug nuts from other Toyotas which could be used. The nuts from the rear of an SW20 Mr2 are long enough to work without cutting the end off.
OEM studs are 36mm from the back of the hub to the end of the threads. ARP says these are 2.600 inches, so 66mm. That's quite a bit more for closed lugs like ours. Hub face thickness appears to be 8mm.
The OEM lugs have 36mm of thread total with 12mm from the nose end to the washer. OEM rim face thickness is 15mm. So there is 28mm of OEM stud sticking out of the hub face. There is 9mm of room left in the OEM lug for additional stud length with OEM wheels and studs. You'd have 21mm of stud preventing you from using closed end lugs with the ARP studs installed.
Last edited by lobuxracer; 09-29-18 at 01:24 PM.
Thanks guys. I'm just gonna re-use a stud from one of the OEM front hubs I just replaced, and hope it's not a recurring issue... Time will tell.


With an updated calendar over markets and festivals, and lists of groups, traders, crafters and sources.
I'll hope you find this site useful in your re-enactment life.
Do you know of a group, trader, crafter, market or a festival not mentioned on this page?
Please write to vikingliv@me.com or post on Facebook Vikingliv and I'll add it.


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Hathib KK
Assistant Professor of Education
Hathib.K.K has been working in Keyi Sahib Training College, Taliparamba since 8th November 2010as an Asst. Professor in Education. He had worked as a lecturer in English in Markaz training College, a self financing BEd. College under Calicut University, for four years[from 2006 to 2010]. He was born in 1978 as the third child among the six children of Mr.Umar Haji, a land lord as well as a business man and Mrs. Safiya.K.K a native house wife. Though the parents were not well educated, he was given unprecedented inspiration and motivation which made him pass the SSLC exam with a first class from the Govt. Higher Secondary school Mathamangalam where he spent his whole upper primary and high school days while he had completed his Lower Primary Education at Govt. L.P. School Mathamangalam, Then he joined Sir Syed College, Taliparamba for Pre-degree science batch and ultimately he discontinued his higher education because of a number of factors. In 2006 following the advise of one of his close friends, he joined Izzathul Islam Arabic college, Puthiyangadi in Kannur District where he completed Afzalul – uluma predegree special which helped him enrich his abilities in using Arabic language.
He completed Graduation in Communicative English from Sir Syed College, Thaliparamba. He got Post Graduation in English Literature and B.Ed in Eglish from Farook College and Farook Training College, Calicut, respectively. He gained his Post Graduation in Education (M.Ed) from Annamalai University Campus during the year 2005 – 06.
He was the Magazine Editor and University Union Councilor in consecutive years when he was a degree student in Sir Syed College. He served as the Farook College Union Chairman during the year 2002 – 03. He was the University Union Councilor during his B.Ed Education. More over, he was the 2nd rank holder in B.A Communicative English Examination, conducted by Kannur University in the year 2000 – 2001.`
Invited Speeches and Expert Classes
1. Key Note Address at the Inauguration of the School Parliament Activities in Kannur District during 2011-12
2. Key Note Address at the Annual Day of Salsabeel English Medium School, Sreekandapuram, during 2010-11
3. Handled class on 'Tips for the Parents of Disabled Students' for the Parents of the Disabled Students at Seethi Sahib Higher Secondary School, during 2011-12
4. Inauguration and Key Note Address during the College Union Inauguration of Alhidaya Arabic College, Taliparamba, during 2011-12
5. Delivered a Speech on the Venue of Readers Day Celebration Held at Sir Syed Higher Secondary School, during 2011-12
6. Handled a Motivation Class on the Venue of the Inauguration of 'English Chain', a scheme introduced by Sir Syed Higher Secondary School for Enriching the Communicative English Skills of their High School Students, during 2011-12
7. Handled Spoken English Classes for the High School Students of Sir Syed Higher Secondary School on a Few Saturdays as a Part of 'English Chain', during 2011-12
8. Delivered Key Note Address on the Venue of 'Ifthar Meet' organized by Govt. TTI, Mathamangalam, Kannur, during 2011-12
9. Handled an Expert class on 'Reading and Development' for the Primary Students of the 'Orphanage L.P.School, Taliparamba, during the academic year 2013-14.
10. Handled an Expert class on 'Sacred Relationship between Teacher and Student' for the students of Asshuhada Wafi College, Mamba' during the academic year 2013-14
11. Handled an expert class on ' Let us Enjoy Studying', for the students of Seethi Sahib High School during the co-venture of Trainees of KSTC and Seethi Sahib School Staff Club during the academic year 2013-14


text:
Q: Spring MVC requestParam value "&party" converts to "∂y" I am facing an issue with character encoding on request submission. The value "fred&party" is retrieved using @RequestParam (Spring MVC annotation). But the value which is returned converts to "fred∂y". Following were my observations from analysis:

*

*According to HTML Symbols the value &part corresponds to "∂" symbol (partial differential).

*In one of the initially invoked Filters, the value can be seen as "fred%26party" which means the value was correctly encoded. But then weirdly, it changes to "fred∂y" when it reaches the formBacking method.

*CharacterEncodingFilter is present in web.xml with forceEncoding param set to UTF-8 and even tomcat connector has URIEncoding="UTF-8" configured.

I was unable to find any solution to get this resolved. Not very sure why is this happening.


South Yarra Osteopathic Clinic is close to Prahran, and has been the preferred Osteopath along Toorak Road in South Yarra for over ten years. From Prahran, a short car, train or tram ride down the road will get you to our practice here in South Yarra. Given our proximity, many of our patients live or work in Prahran and call us their preferred Osteopath Prahran.
At the South Yarra Osteopathic Clinic, your health is paramount. Our patients consistently receive the highest level of osteopathic care in Melbourne as their local Prahran Osteopath. Our experienced osteopaths will take time to understand and treat your complaint. And we will work with you to achieve optimal health, both now and in the future.
Make an appointment with a local Osteopath Prahran today!
At the South Yarra Osteopathic Clinic we form lasting relationships with our patients; our focus being health for life. As a result, we see ourselves being your guide towards taking ownership and responsibility for your own health and well-being. Our patients consistently receive the highest quality osteopathic care, being results driven and patient centred. We are your partners in health.
Plenty of free one and two hour street parking nearby.
We are here to look after you and we look forward to helping you soon!


text:
Q: Run in Conda environment without pip-installed packages I'm creating a Conda environment and want to make sure it allows anyone to run the scripts in my repository without having to install anything separately. But, I have pip installed some packages on my machine, so, if I understand correctly, some of my imports might work because I pip-installed them and not because they're installed in the Conda environment.
For example, suppose I created an environment with conda create --name my_env python=3.8.8. This shouldn't install Pandas, but if I run import pandas as pd, it works. I believe this is because I've pip-installed Pandas. My question is:
How can I test whether a script works with only packages installed in the conda environment?

A: You can create a yaml file just from the history of your conda installations:
conda env export --from-history --name my_env > myenv.yml

From that you create a new conda environment, which you can use to test your script with:
conda env create --name conda_only --file myenv.yml

A: Python has flags to ignore PYTHONPATH (-E) and default system- or user-level site-packages (-S), as well as a combined flag (-I) that does both (see python -h). Try using such flags to isolate from the system. Something like,
conda run -n my_env python -I script.py

Also, it should be clarified that pip install is only an issue like this if you are using the --user flag, which triggers a user-level installation of packages, or some alternate location (e.g., --root or --prefix flags) and have PYTHONPATH set to make those accessible.


Australia's Tee-Jay Russo broke a new IWWF World Junior Boys Barefoot Jump record of 26.7 metres on the 29th of December 2018 at the "December Tournament" at Georges River Liverpool NSW Australia (NSW Barefoot waterski Club Helles Park).
This is the site of the upcoming 2020 IWWF World Barefoot Championships.
The previous record holder was held by Tom Heaps from Great Britan with a jump of 26.6 metres.


Closed from 01 February 2017 to 30 April 2017 for refurbishment, Phinda Rock has come back with beautiful interiors and the same truly exceptional exteriors which makes it such a fantastic safari destination.
Rock lodge as the name suggests is set into the rocks on the side of a mountain. This is a beautiful and rustic, almost Flinstone like, lodge. The lodge is situated in the south of the reserve and looks over a stunning hillside where a variety of animals can often be seen and enjoyed from the comfort of the lodge.
There are six luxuriously rustic rooms at this lodge, all with their own plunge pools which is a real luxury. Imagine reclining in your own pool with stunning views, the African wildlife casually strolling past and the memories of a fantastic day of safari. Phinda Rock's location is interesting, elevated and within it's extrordinary location it is a really special camp with all the amenities you need for a really unbelievable overall safari experience.


text:
Home/Entertainment/Keerthy Suresh to be Usha International's brand ambassador
Keerthy Suresh to be Usha International's brand ambassador
By Mohammed Hussain| Published: 18th November 2019 10:57 pm IST
Hyderabad: Usha International today announced Keerthy Suresh as its brand ambassador across sewing machines, appliances, and fans. The 27-year old actor who won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2018 for her portrayal of actress Savitri in the biopic Mahanati is regularly seen in Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu films.
"Keerthy is an amazingly versatile actor whose fan base cuts across geographies. She is young, talented, aspirational, and most importantly, very relatable, making her the perfect brand ambassador for Usha," said Mr Harvinder Singh, President Sewing Machines and Appliances Business, Usha International.
"It's a privilege to be associated with an iconic and trusted brand such as Usha, which I totally identify with. They keep innovating and evolving to offer products that enhance the consumer experience," said Keerthy Suresh on her association with Usha International.
READ: Sankranti 2020: Chiranjeevi, Allu Arjun and other celebs extend warm wishes
Actress Keerthy Suresh brand ambassador Usha
Get the news updates on WhatsApp & Telegram by subscribing to our channels. For all the latest Entertainment updates, download our app Android and iOS.
Telangana: 42-year-old health worker dies day after taking COVID-19 vaccine


text:
scrapy some data about what you want from web

##super easy to use
just instantiate [Scrapyer](#Scraper) and then set up something necessary for scrapying webpage.

```js
import Scrapyer from 'path to scrapyer.js';

<!-- instantiate it -->
let scrapyer = new Scrapyer()

<!-- set up  sth necessay-->

<!-- initial scrapyer for seting up http header  -->
<!-- The next version we will cancel it. -->
scraper.initial();

<!-- set up url for scrapying -->
scrapyer.seturl('http://www.zhihu.com/');

<!--set up html band for what you want to scrapy-->
scrapyer.setSelector('a');

<!-- start it -->
scrapyer.start();

```
if you want to set up more ,go to [configuration](#configuration).

## Table of contents
- [message queue](#message-queue)
- [simulate login](#simulate-login)
- [configuration](#configuration)
- [handler](#handler)
- [scrapyer](#scrapyer)
- [unit test](#unit-test)
- [utils](#utils)
- [experiment](#experiment)
- [multiply process](#multiply-process)

## message queue

It just a queue using for saving url in master process.
It has some methods for operating urls,such as 'push','pop'...

```js
<!-- es6 format -->
import Queue from 'path to message.js';

let queue = new Queue();
let url = 'http://www.zhihu.com/';
<!-- push url into queue -->
queue.push(url);
<!-- pop front url from queue and return it -->
let front = queue.pop();
```
And it has more function to use ,list below.

###getLength
return the length of queue
```js
<!-- queue clear -->

queue.push(2);
let length = queue.getLength();
<!-- length is  1-->
```

###isEmpty
return bool value of the queue is empty
```js
let state = queue.isEmpty();
<!-- state is true -->
```

###pushAll
push array into queue.(it is different from push in arguements)
```js

queue.pushAll([1,2,3]);

```

###pushAllFilter
push array into queue not repeating(not repeating emphasize three times)
```js
queue.pushAllFilter([1,1,2]);
<!-- [1,2] in queue -->
```
###front
return the front one and not pop it
```js
queue.pushAll([1,2,3]);
let front = queue.front();
<!-- front value is 1 -->
let length = queue.getLength();
<!-- length is 3 -->
```

---

##configuration

if you want to change the default configuration of scrapyer ,you should know it well.

You can read 'default.js and handlerDefaultConfig.js' in 'conf' directory to it .
If you want to disable some configuration ,comment it.

---

##utils
There are some utils to use when you scrapy web page.
It is very convenient to use ,I think personally..\=-=/
And it is very kind to developer.

###ioUtils
Just from its name ,we can know that it is for input and output.
some operations about file and database.(Here we use mongodb)

###webUtils
deal with urls and cookies

###utils
the rest functions are placed here

---

##experiment
Due to not familar with some syntax of es6 and some functions of tools,we did some experiments here.

It can be deleted in the furture.

---
##unit-test
We always do unit-test at the same time when we develop this project.
We use mocha test framework to code for test.
If you want to know more details,please visite https://mochajs.org .
And if you want to know how we do it in this project , please read files in test directory.

---

##handler

It is a class in a word . Then I will talk about how to use it.
It has two main function,one for textDownload, the other for fileDownload. It can just be adjusted by 'setIsText'.

```js
<!-- first we instantiate it -->
let handler = new Handler();
<!-- isText true
  Due to the default configuration, you can not set up it
  -->
handler.setIsText(1);

<!-- it must be text html band -->
let selector = 'p';
<!-- It is obvious that it is necessary ,so ...-->
handler.setSelector(selector);

<!-- Now we start it . -->
<!-- page is html code got by requesting the url -->
let url ='http://www.zhihu.com/';

handler.handle(page,url);
<!-- Then you can find 'demo' in the default download path('data/text') -->
<!-- so it is very easy -->
```

---

##scrapyer
Just like handler before, it is a class, too.
you can set up sth rather than by configuration file.

```js
<!-- set up Non-Text -->
scrapyer.setNotText();

<!-- set up isDownloadPage:true,default is true -->
scrapyer.setIsDownloadPage(true);

<!-- set up path  to page-->
let path = 'path to download '
scrapyer.setDownloadPagePath(path);

<!-- logger level for view -->
let level = 'INFO'
scrapyer.setLoggerLevel(level);

<!-- chraset -->
<!-- default is utf-8 -->
scrapyer.setChraset('utf-8');

```
invole start() to start scrapyer like before.

---

#features
In this project, we improve its effience continue.

##multiply process
For its speed, we start some process to handle webpage.
The process is divided into two . one is master process for deal with message queue,others are slave processes for scrapying webpage and handle it.
Details can be seen in 'multiProcess.js'.
If you want to know how to use it,see 'multiScrapy.js' for example.

---

##simulate login
Due to some website needing cookie ,we should deal with it when posting http header.
We code a sample in 'login.js' to log in https://www.zhihu.com/ . At last we can get its finial web page.

---
##store
In the project ,we use [mongodb](https://www.mongodb.com) as  database. It is kind to js.
We can put JSON object into it .
We caspluse many functions to use for convinence in this project. Details can be seen in utils directory.

And if you don't want to use database,just save data in files.


text:
from tempest.api.compute.security_groups import base
from tempest.lib import decorators

class SecurityGroupRulesTestJSON(base.BaseSecurityGroupsTest):

    @classmethod
    def setup_clients(cls):
        super(SecurityGroupRulesTestJSON, cls).setup_clients()
        cls.client = cls.security_group_rules_client

    @classmethod
    def resource_setup(cls):
        super(SecurityGroupRulesTestJSON, cls).resource_setup()
        cls.ip_protocol = 'tcp'
        cls.from_port = 22
        cls.to_port = 22

    def setUp(cls):
        super(SecurityGroupRulesTestJSON, cls).setUp()

        from_port = cls.from_port
        to_port = cls.to_port
        group = {}
        ip_range = {}
        cls.expected = {
            'parent_group_id': None,
            'ip_protocol': cls.ip_protocol,
            'from_port': from_port,
            'to_port': to_port,
            'ip_range': ip_range,
            'group': group
        }

    def _check_expected_response(self, actual_rule):
        for key in self.expected:
            self.assertEqual(self.expected[key], actual_rule[key],
                             "Miss-matched key is %s" % key)

    @decorators.attr(type='smoke')
    @decorators.idempotent_id('850795d7-d4d3-4e55-b527-a774c0123d3a')
    def test_security_group_rules_create(self):
        # Positive test: Creation of Security Group rule
        # should be successful
        # Creating a Security Group to add rules to it
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        securitygroup_id = security_group['id']
        # Adding rules to the created Security Group
        rule = self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=securitygroup_id,
            ip_protocol=self.ip_protocol,
            from_port=self.from_port,
            to_port=self.to_port)['security_group_rule']
        self.expected['parent_group_id'] = securitygroup_id
        self.expected['ip_range'] = {'cidr': '0.0.0.0/0'}
        self._check_expected_response(rule)

    @decorators.idempotent_id('7a01873e-3c38-4f30-80be-31a043cfe2fd')
    def test_security_group_rules_create_with_optional_cidr(self):
        # Positive test: Creation of Security Group rule
        # with optional argument cidr
        # should be successful

        # Creating a Security Group to add rules to it
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        parent_group_id = security_group['id']

        # Adding rules to the created Security Group with optional cidr
        cidr = '10.2.3.124/24'
        rule = self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=parent_group_id,
            ip_protocol=self.ip_protocol,
            from_port=self.from_port,
            to_port=self.to_port,
            cidr=cidr)['security_group_rule']
        self.expected['parent_group_id'] = parent_group_id
        self.expected['ip_range'] = {'cidr': cidr}
        self._check_expected_response(rule)

    @decorators.idempotent_id('7f5d2899-7705-4d4b-8458-4505188ffab6')
    def test_security_group_rules_create_with_optional_group_id(self):
        # Positive test: Creation of Security Group rule
        # with optional argument group_id
        # should be successful

        # Creating a Security Group to add rules to it
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        parent_group_id = security_group['id']

        # Creating a Security Group so as to assign group_id to the rule
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        group_id = security_group['id']
        group_name = security_group['name']

        # Adding rules to the created Security Group with optional group_id
        rule = self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=parent_group_id,
            ip_protocol=self.ip_protocol,
            from_port=self.from_port,
            to_port=self.to_port,
            group_id=group_id)['security_group_rule']
        self.expected['parent_group_id'] = parent_group_id
        self.expected['group'] = {'tenant_id': self.client.tenant_id,
                                  'name': group_name}
        self._check_expected_response(rule)

    @decorators.attr(type='smoke')
    @decorators.idempotent_id('a6154130-5a55-4850-8be4-5e9e796dbf17')
    def test_security_group_rules_list(self):
        # Positive test: Created Security Group rules should be
        # in the list of all rules
        # Creating a Security Group to add rules to it
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        securitygroup_id = security_group['id']

        # Add a first rule to the created Security Group
        rule = self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=securitygroup_id,
            ip_protocol=self.ip_protocol,
            from_port=self.from_port,
            to_port=self.to_port)['security_group_rule']
        rule1_id = rule['id']

        # Add a second rule to the created Security Group
        ip_protocol2 = 'icmp'
        from_port2 = -1
        to_port2 = -1
        rule = self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=securitygroup_id,
            ip_protocol=ip_protocol2,
            from_port=from_port2,
            to_port=to_port2)['security_group_rule']
        rule2_id = rule['id']
        # Delete the Security Group rule2 at the end of this method
        self.addCleanup(
            self.security_group_rules_client.delete_security_group_rule,
            rule2_id)

        # Get rules of the created Security Group
        rules = self.security_groups_client.show_security_group(
            securitygroup_id)['security_group']['rules']
        self.assertNotEmpty([i for i in rules if i['id'] == rule1_id])
        self.assertNotEmpty([i for i in rules if i['id'] == rule2_id])

    @decorators.idempotent_id('fc5c5acf-2091-43a6-a6ae-e42760e9ffaf')
    def test_security_group_rules_delete_when_peer_group_deleted(self):
        # Positive test:rule will delete when peer group deleting
        # Creating a Security Group to add rules to it
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        sg1_id = security_group['id']
        # Creating other Security Group to access to group1
        security_group = self.create_security_group()
        sg2_id = security_group['id']
        # Adding rules to the Group1
        self.client.create_security_group_rule(
            parent_group_id=sg1_id,
            ip_protocol=self.ip_protocol,
            from_port=self.from_port,
            to_port=self.to_port,
            group_id=sg2_id)

        # Delete group2
        self.security_groups_client.delete_security_group(sg2_id)
        # Get rules of the Group1
        rules = (self.security_groups_client.show_security_group(sg1_id)
                 ['security_group']['rules'])
        # The group1 has no rules because group2 has deleted
        self.assertEmpty(rules)


Hit 3 field sites yesterday with a good friend of mine here in the valley about an hour's drive south. The first two produced only a few finds but enough to keep us going. The last field looked like a dud, then mysteriously turned red hot as we pulled 5 coppers literally in under 30 minutes (I nabbed 3). We ran out of time there as we had to head home so definitely left more coppers in the ground imo. More notable silver finds were the '48 Washington, c. mid-20th century silver Catholic pendant and a thimble with the name Edna on it (likely late 1800s). I assume this was a single woman/widow of the home site as the house site name on the old map had a first initial of E. Have to do some research on that one. The coppers were 2 postive ID KG2s, and a third, nearly Slick Rick which I also believe is a KG2 if you hold it in the light just right. I only got a date on one of the coins (a 1752) but sadly as I gently toothpicked at the dirt the date just flaked away. Oh well, that's how it goes sometimes. Thanks for looking and happy hunting!
P.S. I'm piling up quite a bit of footage and hope to have my first video of '19 out soon!
Great finds! At least you can tell those are KGII's! Congrats on the silver finds. That religious one looks like 20th century to me though. One possibility is to check the online census records to see if "E" is Edna. Great post! HH, Dave.
Another great day, John. Congrats.
We are finally starting to see grass over here. Won't be long now.
That thimble is a great find John. Of course a KG in any shape is a good find.
Could that thimble be straitened? You have a winner site there!
Thanks Dave. Yeah, the pendant is definitely 20th century as I noted. The back has more modern script and was found near the '48 quarter so probably from a similar time period.
Much thanks Al. Still learning on when to push on with cleaning and when to stop with these coppers in different states of corrosion. I'm learning now that sometimes it's best to leave them alone after a simple first wipe with a cloth and leave some dirt on there.
Thanks man. You know, that fork is frickin' completely dangerous! The tines are so ridiculously sharp I can't see how anyone could eat with it. I poked myself twice while straightening it, one time drawing a small drop of blood on my thumb. Note to self - check medical records on date of last tetanus shot.
Thanks Drew! These finds were from 3 different fields. You know, the thimble probably can be straightened but some simple methods tried here at home didn't prove successful. Have you ever tried to straighten one of these out?
Great hunt John! love those KG's. I would think that thimble should straighten out nicely!


text:
Funeral Insurance /
Estate Planning /
How to organise a funeral
Organising a funeral can seem overwhelming, especially when you're dealing with the grief of losing a loved one. However, by doing research and getting organised, you can minimise the stress, save on costs, and arrange a funeral that allows everyone to pay tribute to the deceased person and come to terms with the loss.
This guide takes you through the major things to consider and outlines the key steps in funeral planning, whether you're planning your own funeral in advance or organising a funeral for a loved one who has passed away.
Things to consider before you start planning
If you're in charge of making the funeral arrangements, take time to stop and think about the type of funeral you'd like to plan. Do you know what your loved one would have wanted for their funeral? For example, did they specify whether they wanted a religious or civil ceremony and a preference for location? Did they ask to be buried or cremated?
Consider things like guests, order of service, content of service, decorations, and music. If they didn't leave instructions, check with the people closest to them to find out what they might have preferred for their funeral. Getting clarity on these points will enable you to organise a better funeral for your loved one.
Using a funeral director
You're not required to use a funeral director, but most people do choose to employ a funeral director as it's helpful to have the assistance of an experienced person for the paperwork and other arrangements.
Even if you're planning not to use a funeral director, when a person dies at home rather than at the hospital or nursing home it's usually necessary to contact a funeral director as they have the facilities to store the body until burial or cremation.
The funeral director will take care of the funeral arrangements, including registering the death. He or she can also help you with a number of details, such as arranging the burial or cremation, choosing a gravestone, finding a location for the funeral service, choosing the type of service, and arranging the eulogy and music.
The funeral director can take care of things like arranging for an obituary in the local paper (if you'd like one), setting up a viewing of the deceased, choosing a casket or coffin, and personalising the funeral service.
They can also help with finalising the guest list in the context of venue for the service, funeral decorations, dressing your loved one, and planning the wake. The funeral director will also typically supply the hearse and staff for the funeral service.
You'll need to obtain a Medical Certificate for Cause of Death from a doctor, which then allows the funeral director to register the death. If you're not using a funeral director, you can register the death yourself if you're the next of kin or a relative.
Covering the cost of the funeral
While financial considerations will probably be the last thing on your mind, it's important to think about costs as you plan the funeral so you can stay within budget. You should take into account the funeral director's fees, funeral merchandise costs, and disbursements.
The funeral director's fees covers their professional service rate as well as the hearse and staff, while merchandise costs include the coffin or casket, memorial books, urn and any service booklets to be used. Disbursements are costs such as cemetery and crematorium fees, obituary fees, flowers, and decorations.
While funeral costs vary widely, generally funerals in Australia cost anywhere from $4,000 to $15,000. Getting a few quotes from funeral directors and for disbursements can help you keep costs within budget. You can ask to make payment in installments to make costs more manageable.
It's also a good idea to check with your loved one's bank about releasing funds to cover the costs of the funeral. And if your loved one had funeral insurance, you could get a lump sum payout that helps you cover some or all of the funeral costs.
Comprehensive funeral planning checklist
Pre-planning items
Before planning the funeral service, you may need to do the following.
Contact a doctor and obtain a Medical Certificate for Cause of Death
Notify friends, relatives, and other parties about the death
Check whether your loved one has made any requests about their funeral and burial
Check for financing options, including your loved one's funeral funds and insurance policies
If you're working with a funeral director, they'll be able to help you with making a decision on many of the following considerations.
Burial or cremation – Decide whether it will be a burial or cremation and ensure that you have the necessary documents prepared.1
Embalming – Check whether embalming is required or appropriate.
Choose a venue – Find a venue or location (such as a cemetery or church) for the service and choose a time and date.
Choose a burial plot – If there will be a burial, you'll need to find a burial plot in a cemetery.
Clothing and accessories – For burials, decide on what your loved one will wear and the accessories they will have (if any).
Arrange for the gravestone – For burials, obtain quotes from monumental masons for the gravestone or memorial, and then choose a gravestone.
Coffin or casket – For burials, choose a coffin or casket for the deceased.
Find a crematorium – If the deceased requested a cremation, obtain quotes from crematoriums.
Choose an urn – For cremations, choose a cremation urn and decide what to do with the ashes.
Choose the pallbearers – If there will be a burial, choose the pallbearers and contact them with instructions.
Type of service – Decide on the type of service, music and multimedia (such as photo slide show or videos), and floral arrangements and decorations.
Officiating person – Choose a minister, celebrant, or other officiating person to conduct the funeral service.
Eulogies – Speak to family and friends about making eulogies.
Casket and viewing – Decide on whether it will be an open-casket or a closed-casket service, and whether there will be a viewing.
Memorial cards – Organise memorial cards for guests at the service.
Transportation – Arrange transportation to and from the funeral service for friends and family.
Invitations – Notify all guests about the time and place of the service and the wake.
Catering – Arrange for catering and refreshments at the service and the wake.
Death notices – Arrange for death notices in local publications, whether online or offline.
Donations – If your loved one was involved in causes, you could arrange for guests to make donations instead of flowers and gifts.
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