text:
Southern Sudan Medical Journal
Clinical Guidance
Search SSMJ
About SSMJ
Viral transfusion transmissible infections amongst blood donors in Maridi County Hospital, South Sudan
Author(s): Dricile Ratib [a,b], Richard Laku [c], Umar Baba[d] , Omer Yahiya[e] and Kim Picozzi[b]
[a] African Medical and Research Foundation, Juba -South Sudan.
[b] Division of Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh.
[c] Directorate of Policy, Planning and Budgeting, Ministry of Health Juba, Republic of South Sudan
[d] Action Africa Help International –Nairobi Kenya
[e] Health Systems Strengthening Project, African Medical and Research foundation – Hai Tong Piny-Juba Nabari -South Sudan
The Republic of South Sudan gained independence in July 2011 after nearly two decades of civil war. The increase in cross border traffic following independence and the return of displaced nationals, may have unforeseen effects on the health of the population. The pattern of diseases across East Africa is defined by infectious conditions such as malaria and HIV. It has been suggested that the relocation of individuals from hyperendemic countries, such as Uganda, may influence the prevalence rates of these infections in South Sudan.
This research focused on the viral transfusion transmissible infections (VTTI), Hepatitis B and C, and HIV. Little is known about the level of these infections in South Sudan, although details from neighbouring countries would suggest that both HIV and Hepatitis B are endemic.
To determine changes in the prevalence of HBSAg, HCV and HIV among blood donors in Maridi between January 2007 and December 2011 and make recommendations on prevention and treatment options.
This retrospective study reviewed the records of volunteer adult blood donors from the Maridi County Hospital laboratory from 2007-2011. Data was anonymised. The statistical analysis calculated 95% confidence intervals with significance taken as p ≤ 0.05 using a Fishers Exact test.
Ethical approval for this research was provided by the ethical committee in the Office of the Director of Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Health, which was shared with the State Ministry of Health and the County Health Department.
Maridi County borders the Demographic Republic of Congo to the south. The projected population of Maridi is 108,629 based on the 2008 national population census results (with 3% annual population growth and returnees factored in). The population is served by a network of 3 Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs), twenty Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) and by Maridi County hospital. Maridi hospital admits 4,000-5,000 patients annually Admissions are triaged to assess the need for a blood transfusion, with common causes being injury, anaemia attributed to malaria and obstetric emergencies.
There is no blood bank in Maridi hospital. A blood donation is requested from the family when the haemoglobin is below 4g/dl without any other symptoms or 4-6g/dl with clinical features of hypoxia, acidosis, hyperparasitaemia of more than 20% and impaired consciousness [1]. Following standard safety procedures[f] the preliminary donation is made onsite before the sample is cross-matched for blood type, only those compatible samples are then screened for viral infections.
A number of rapid serological tests for transfusion transmissible viral infections are available onsite, supplied by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) under the Global Fund. These tests include the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid Dip-strip (Acon Laboratories Inc), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) rapid test (Span Diagnostics, Ltd), Determine HIV1/2 test strips (Alere Medical Co.) and UniGold HIV1/2 (Trinity Biotech Plc). All compatible blood samples are screened with all four tests, and only those deemed to be safe and uninfected are utilised for the transfusion.
Over the 5 years (2007-2011) 324 individuals received a blood transfusion The most common recipients were children under the age of five (183/324) and women over 16 years of age (80/324).
In the same time period, records exist for 496 blood donations. The mean age of donors was 28 years (range of 16-58) (Figure 1a). The representation of the different blood groups, rounded to the nearest decimal point was A 26.4%; B 15.7%; AB 1.4% and O 56.4%. Men were more likely to donate than women (322/496).
Figure 1. Population pyramids (a) for the blood donation cohort of know age (n=471), (b) based on the population VTTI prevalence with 95% confidence intervals.
Within this donor population 110/496 donors were found to be infected with antigens for at least one VTTI, of which 13 were mixed infections (11.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.8-17.8%) and 97 were single infections (88.2%, CI = 82.1-94.2%), no triple infections were detected (see Figure 2). In terms of diagnostic events, Hepatitis C seropositivity was 9.3% (CI = 6.7-11.8%), Hepatitis B surface antigen at 8.9% (CI = 6.4-11.4%) and HIV at 6.7% (CI = 4.5-8.8%), see Figure 2.
Figure 2. The distribution of single and mixed infections of transfusion transmissible viral infections as detected within specified blood donating cohort of this study (n=496).
The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections in male blood donors was 74/322 (23.0%, CI = 18.3-27.6%) compared to 36/174 (20.7%, CI = 14.7-26.7%) in female donors, however there is no significant difference between the sexes (Fishers exact test, p=0.57). In terms of age analysis, 25 individuals were discounted as the age was not recorded, one of these was found to have antigens for HCV. Of the remaining cohort two thirds (77/109) of the infections were among the age bracket of 21-35 years (see Figure 1b), no statistical differences occurred between the genders at any age group.
The age of blood donors seems to be weighted towards those individuals of less than 40 years of age This distribution is in keeping with that of the country's population structure more generally where prolonged civil unrest has left 79% of the population being less than 30 years old [2]. The demography of blood group distribution within the studied population is not dissimilar to the most recent information available from Sudan, the main differences being due to the low representation of AB (1.4 %) compared to a country wide average of 7% [3].
Of the 496 blood donors, only 174 were females. This gender bias may reflect that one of the main conditions requiring a blood transfusion was a complication of child birth. The immediate donors are usually the spouse which may address why the number of male blood donors is higher than females. Culturally and socially, it is also reported to be more acceptable for the blood donation to be made by a male member of the family [4].
HIV was reported at 6.7%. This is twice the national average reported from antenatal clinics (ANC) across the country in 2009 [5], and is similar to findings from the 2011 National HIV indicator survey from Uganda [6]. Information from the Western Equatoria State also indicate an increase in the recorded occurrence of HIV. A study in 2012 from ANC and voluntary counselling and testing facilities reported a seropositivity of 12.1% (CI = 9.6-14.1%) [7].
Sudan has been classified as a country with high endemicity of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), historically rated at 8% in 1996 by the World Health Organisation [8]. In keeping with our findings the situation appears largely unchanged with the seroprevalence in eastern Sudan reported at 8.2% (n = 376) [9], 5.1% in the north of the country [10] and 5.6% in the central regions [11]. However caution has been urged regarding the sole reliance on HBsAg for the detection of this infectious agent, with an increased sensitivity reported when the core antigen is used as a the diagnostic target [12].
The seroprevelence of Hepatitis C found in this study is significantly higher than that of previous reports (Fishers exact test, p <0.0001), for example in South Darfur state in 2009 the detected prevalence amongst 400 male blood donors was 0.65% [4], while in southern Sudan 3% of 666 outpatients subjects were positive for anti-HCV antibodies [13]. Unpublished work reported suggests a seroprevalence in asymptomatic blood donors of 4.4%, but no other details are forthcoming [14].
It is too early to determine if the disease landscape will alter in South Sudan with the return of peace. However, this research provides a useful baseline upon which to base further studies, and highlights the need for awareness of the risk of transmission. The elevated level of HCV within this studied population highlights the need for further investigation, while HBV prevalence can be targeted with the incorporation of vaccination into the routine expanded programme of immunisation across the country.
This study provides an insight into the prevalence of these viral infections within the community local to Maridi hospital It reaffirms the need for continued surveillance of blood donations prior to use. Sustained health care promotion, the availability of treatment, health promotion and appropriate management must be ensured to prevent the further transmission of these infections.
WHO 2002. The clinical use of blood. Handbook. Blood transfusion safety, Geneva.
National Bureau of Statistics. South Sudan Statistical Yearbook 2011, National Bureau of Statistics.
Khalil, I. A., S. Phrykian and A. D. Farr (1989). "Blood group distribution in Sudan." Gene Geogr 3(1): 7-10.
Abou, M. A., Y. M. Eltahir and A. S. Ali (2009). "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Nyala, South Dar Fur, Sudan." Virol J6: 146.
Jervase, A. (2011). "HIV prevalence in South Sudan: data from the ANC sentinel surveillance 2009." South Sudan Medical Journal 4: 49-56.
International., U. M. o. H. a. I. (2012). 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey: Key Findings. Calverton, Maryland, USA, MOH and ICF International.
Baba, S. P., A. Jervase, M. St Louise, E. K. Dokubo and K. Clarke (2013). "Notes from the field: Investigation of high HIV prevalence in Western Equatoria State--South Sudan, 2012." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report62(22): 453-454.
WHO Expanded program on immunization, hepatitis B vaccine, making global progress: EPI update. 1996. Geneva, Switzerland, The World Health Organization.
Abdallah, T. M., M. H. Mohamed and A. A. AbdelAziem (2011). "Seroprevalence and epidemiological factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Eastern Sudan." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 3(7): 239-241.
Nagi, A. M., H. A. Altyeb and A. M. Ahmed (2007). "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections among blood donors in Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan." Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences2: 122-126.
Nakwagala, F. N. and M. M. Kagimu (2002). "Hepatitis B virus and hiv infections among patients in Mulago hospital." East Afr Med J 79(2): 68-72.
Mahmoud, O. A., A. A. Ghazal, S. Metwally Del, A. M. Elnour and G. E. Yousif (2013). "Detection of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Sudan." J Egypt Public Health Assoc 88(1): 14-18.
McCarthy, M. C., A. El-Tigani, I. O. Khalid and K. C. Hyams (1994). "Hepatitis B and C in Juba, southern Sudan: results of a serosurvey." Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88(5): 534-536.
Mudawi, H. M. (2008). "Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Sudan." Clin Exp Gastroenterol 1: 9-13.
[f] These safety procedures refer to the small preliminary donation made on site. This is firstly cross-matched for compatibility with the intended recipient, if the donor is suitable the blood sample is then screened for the listed infectious agents. It is only those individuals who are clear of infection and compatible with the recipient who are call upon for a larger collection for the purpose of transfusion..
More from the February 2014 issue
Copyright 2010-2012 South Sudan Medical Journal. All rights reserved. Disclaimer
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text:
Window Tax 1696-1851
By Calvin72, March 19, 2014 in SHEFFIELD HISTORY CHAT
Calvin72 20
Location:The Pavement
Interests:Transport, industrial archaelogy, pavement features, small stuff that people don't notice.
From Wikipedia;
The window tax was a property tax based on the number of windows in a house. It was a significant social, cultural, and architectural force in England, France and Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. To avoid the tax some houses from the period can be seen to have bricked-up window-spaces (ready to be glazed or reglazed at a later date), as a result of the tax. It was introduced in 1696 and was repealed in 1851, 156 years after first being introduced. Spain and France both had window taxes as well for similar reasons.
Arundel Lane, City Centre
sheffmark 0
Location:Firmly In The Past
Interests:History Of Sheffield. History of Sheffield workhouses and scattered homes. Cemeteries and grave stones.
I was only thinking about the window tax the other day!
Thats why i love this forum/site!
Thanks for the info Calvin!!
SteveHB 55
Sheffield History Admin
Location:Heeley/Arbourthorne
Try ..... Arundel Street, corner of Charles Street
Two for the price of one on Bank Street.
jiginc 2
Location:Todwick
Do we know when the above properties were built. They must have been before 1851 as after this date the windows could have been built in and no tax paid.
I also wonder why they were never installed once the tax was removed. For that matter why was the wall not just built flat why simulate a window.
jiginc
It seems that the only reason for bricking up a window, rather than getting rid of all trace of it, was to allow the space to return to being a window later. Mind you the tax lasted a long time to plan ahead! As to why they never returned to a window after 1851 ... who knows?
Bayleaf 6
To take another example, Hillsborough hall, which was built in 1779. There are a few closed up windows on the building, which are filled with the same ashlar stone blocks that the rest of the building is made from. Inside there is no trace of these windows, and I've seen it suggested that in fact such windows were never intended as such, but are simply to give symmetry to the appearance of the building.
saw119 1
Remember that some of these buildings had blank windows built in for architectural and aesthetic reasons. I would suggest that Calvin's house on Bank Street is one of those houses.
lysander 73
Location:Mosborough
Interests:Local History, transport, politics
"A tax on health and a tax on light and air" was the campaign for its abolishment's cry. The tax mainly affected the middle and lower classes...the rich could afford this tax which had been introduced as a means to recoup losses to the coinage by clipping. One side affect was on glass manufacturers who, despite the boom in house building, saw no increase in demand.
Location:Crookes
I think a lot of windows were bricked up to make more wall space inside the rooms. (as in the example on Charles Street)
Having a window on both exterior walls, a doorway on one of the interiors and a fireplace on the other one, leaves no space for a bed and a wardrobe. I know from experience.
Sheffield Col 1
Is this where we get the saying "daylight robbery" from?

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The three-day destination video shoot was not without drama.
Kelsea Ballerini's worst kiss involved braces. Lauren Alaina's involved her brother, but not in the way you're thinking.
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From his spirit animal to the Spice Girls in seconds flat, Chase Rice is clearly a dynamic individual and he bares it all in Last Question.
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text:
#!/bin/sh

##################################################################################
# Custom build tool for Realm Objective C binding.
#
# (C) Copyright 2011-2014 by realm.io.
##################################################################################

# Warning: pipefail is not a POSIX compatible option, but on OS X it works just fine.
#          OS X uses a POSIX complain version of bash as /bin/sh, but apparently it does
#          not strip away this feature. Also, this will fail if somebody forces the script
#          to be run with zsh.
set -o pipefail
set -e

# You can override the version of the core library
# Otherwise, use the default value
if [ -z "$REALM_CORE_VERSION" ]; then
    REALM_CORE_VERSION=0.88.4
fi

PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/libexec:$PATH

if ! [ -z "${JENKINS_HOME}" ]; then
    XCPRETTY_PARAMS="--no-utf --report junit --output build/reports/junit.xml"
    CODESIGN_PARAMS="CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY= CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED=NO"
fi

usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: sh $0 command [argument]

command:
  download-core:           downloads core library (binary version)
  clean [xcmode]:          clean up/remove all generated files
  build [xcmode]:          builds iOS and OS X frameworks with release configuration
  build-debug [xcmode]:    builds iOS and OS X frameworks with debug configuration
  ios [xcmode]:            builds iOS framework with release configuration
  ios-debug [xcmode]:      builds iOS framework with debug configuration
  ios-dynamic [xcmode]:    builds two iOS 8 dynamic frameworks: one for devices and one for the simulator
  osx [xcmode]:            builds OS X framework with release configuration
  osx-debug [xcmode]:      builds OS X framework with debug configuration
  test-ios [xcmode]:       tests iOS framework with release configuration
  test-ios-devices:        tests iOS on all attached iOS devices with release configuration
  test-ios-devices-debug:  tests iOS on all attached iOS devices with debug configuration
  test-osx [xcmode]:       tests OSX framework with release configuration
  test [xcmode]:           tests iOS and OS X frameworks with release configuration
  test-debug [xcmode]:     tests iOS and OS X frameworks with debug configuration
  test-all [xcmode]:       tests iOS and OS X frameworks with debug and release configurations
  examples [xcmode]:       builds all examples in examples/ in release configuration
  examples-debug [xcmode]: builds all examples in examples/ in debug configuration
  browser [xcmode]:        builds the Realm Browser OSX app
  test-browser [xcmode]:   tests the Realm Browser OSX app
  verify [xcmode]:         cleans, removes docs/output/, then runs docs, test-all, examples & browser
  docs:                    builds docs in docs/output
  get-version:             get the current version
  set-version version:     set the version

argument:
  xcmode:  xcodebuild (default), xcpretty or xctool
  version: version in the x.y.z format
EOF
}

######################################
# Xcode Helpers
######################################

xcode() {
    mkdir -p build/DerivedData
    CMD="xcodebuild -IDECustomDerivedDataLocation=build/DerivedData $@"
    echo "Building with command:" $CMD
    eval $CMD
}

xc() {
    if [[ "$XCMODE" == "xcodebuild" ]]; then
        xcode "$@"
    elif [[ "$XCMODE" == "xcpretty" ]]; then
        mkdir -p build
        xcode "$@" | tee build/build.log | xcpretty -c ${XCPRETTY_PARAMS} || {
            echo "The raw xcodebuild output is available in build/build.log"
            exit 1
        }
    elif [[ "$XCMODE" == "xctool" ]]; then
        xctool "$@"
    fi
}

xcrealm() {
    PROJECT=Realm.xcodeproj
    xc "-project $PROJECT $@"
}

build_fat() {
    target="$1"
    config="$2"
    build_prefix="$3"
    out_dir="$4"

    xcrealm "-scheme '$target' -configuration $config -sdk iphoneos"
    xcrealm "-scheme '$target' -configuration $config -sdk iphonesimulator"

    srcdir="build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/$config-dynamic"
    mkdir -p build/$out_dir
    rm -rf build/$out_dir/Realm.framework
    cp -R $build_prefix-iphoneos/Realm.framework build/$out_dir
    if [ -d build/$out_dir/Realm.framework/Modules/Realm.swiftmodule ]; then
        cp $build_prefix-iphonesimulator/Realm.framework/Modules/Realm.swiftmodule/* build/$out_dir/Realm.framework/Modules/Realm.swiftmodule/
    fi
    xcrun lipo -create "$build_prefix-iphonesimulator/Realm.framework/Realm" "$build_prefix-iphoneos/Realm.framework/Realm" -output "build/$out_dir/Realm.framework/Realm"
}

######################################
# Device Test Helper
######################################

test_ios_devices() {
    XCMODE="$2"
    serial_numbers_str=$(system_profiler SPUSBDataType | grep "Serial Number: ")
    serial_numbers=()
    while read -r line; do
        number=${line:15} # Serial number starts at position 15
        if [[ ${#number} == 40 ]]; then
            serial_numbers+=("$number")
        fi
    done <<< "$serial_numbers_str"
    if [[ ${#serial_numbers[@]} == 0 ]]; then
        echo "At least one iOS device must be connected to this computer to run device tests"
        if [ -z "${JENKINS_HOME}" ]; then
            # Don't fail if running locally and there's no device
            exit 0
        fi
        exit 1
    fi
    configuration="$1"
    for device in "${serial_numbers[@]}"; do
        xcrealm "-scheme 'iOS Device Tests' -configuration $configuration -destination 'id=$device' test"
    done
    exit 0
}

######################################
# Input Validation
######################################

if [ "$#" -eq 0 -o "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
    usage
    exit 1
fi

######################################
# Variables
######################################

# Xcode sets this variable - set to current directory if running standalone
if [ -z "$SRCROOT" ]; then
    SRCROOT="$(pwd)"
fi

download_core() {
    echo "Downloading dependency: core ${REALM_CORE_VERSION}"
    TMP_DIR="/tmp/core_bin"
    mkdir -p "${TMP_DIR}"
    CORE_TMP_ZIP="${TMP_DIR}/core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION}.zip.tmp"
    CORE_ZIP="${TMP_DIR}/core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION}.zip"
    if [ ! -f "${CORE_ZIP}" ]; then
        curl -L -s "http://static.realm.io/downloads/core/realm-core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION}.zip" -o "${CORE_TMP_ZIP}"
        mv "${CORE_TMP_ZIP}" "${CORE_ZIP}"
    fi
    (
        cd "${TMP_DIR}"
        rm -rf core
        unzip "${CORE_ZIP}"
        mv core core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION}
    )

    rm -rf core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION} core
    mv ${TMP_DIR}/core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION} .
    ln -s core-${REALM_CORE_VERSION} core
}

COMMAND="$1"
XCMODE="$2"
: ${XCMODE:=xcodebuild} # must be one of: xcodebuild (default), xcpretty, xctool

case "$COMMAND" in

    ######################################
    # Clean
    ######################################
    "clean")
        find . -type d -name build -exec rm -r "{}" +\;
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Download Core Library
    ######################################
    "download-core")
        if [ "$REALM_CORE_VERSION" = "current" ]; then
            echo "Using version of core already in core/ directory"
            exit 0
        fi
        if [ -d core -a -d ../tightdb -a ! -L core ]; then
          # Allow newer versions than expected for local builds as testing
          # with unreleased versions is one of the reasons to use a local build
          if ! $(grep -i "${REALM_CORE_VERSION} Release notes" core/release_notes.txt >/dev/null); then
              echo "Local build of core is out of date."
              exit 1
          else
              echo "The core library seems to be up to date."
          fi
        elif ! [ -L core ]; then
            echo "core is not a symlink. Deleting..."
            rm -rf core
            download_core
        elif ! $(head -n 1 core/release_notes.txt | grep -i ${REALM_CORE_VERSION} >/dev/null); then
            download_core
        else
            echo "The core library seems to be up to date."
        fi
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Building
    ######################################
    "build")
        sh build.sh ios "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh osx "$XCMODE"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "build-debug")
        sh build.sh ios-debug "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh osx-debug "$XCMODE"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "ios")
        build_fat iOS Release build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Release ios
        exit 0
        ;;

    "ios-dynamic")
        xcrealm "-scheme 'iOS 8' -configuration Release -sdk iphoneos"
        xcrealm "-scheme 'iOS 8' -configuration Release -sdk iphonesimulator"
        mkdir -p build/ios/Realm-dynamic build/ios/Realm-dynamic-simulator
        mv build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Release-dynamic-iphoneos/Realm.framework build/ios/Realm-dynamic/Realm.framework
        mv build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Release-dynamic-iphonesimulator/Realm.framework build/ios/Realm-dynamic-simulator/Realm.framework
        exit 0
        ;;

    "osx")
        xcrealm "-scheme OSX -configuration Release"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "ios-debug")
        build_fat iOS Debug build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Debug ios
        exit 0
        ;;

    "osx-debug")
        xcrealm "-scheme OSX -configuration Debug"
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Testing
    ######################################
    "test")
        set +e # Run both sets of tests even if the first fails
        failed=0
        sh build.sh test-ios "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        sh build.sh test-ios-devices "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        sh build.sh test-osx "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        exit $failed
        ;;

    "test-debug")
        set +e
        failed=0
        sh build.sh test-ios-debug "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        sh build.sh test-ios-devices-debug "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        sh build.sh test-osx-debug "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        exit $failed
        ;;

    "test-all")
        set +e
        failed=0
        sh build.sh test "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        sh build.sh test-debug "$XCMODE" || failed=1
        exit $failed
        ;;

    "test-ios")
        xcrealm "-scheme iOS -configuration Release -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 6' test"
        xcrealm "-scheme iOS -configuration Release -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 4S' test"
        xcrealm "-scheme 'iOS 8' -configuration Release -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 6' test"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "test-ios-devices")
        test_ios_devices "Release" "$XCMODE"
        ;;

    "test-osx")
        xcrealm "-scheme OSX -configuration Release test"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "test-ios-debug")
        xcrealm "-scheme iOS -configuration Debug -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 6' test"
        xcrealm "-scheme iOS -configuration Debug -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 4S' test"
        xcrealm "-scheme 'iOS 8' -configuration Debug -sdk iphonesimulator -destination 'name=iPhone 6' test"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "test-ios-devices-debug")
        test_ios_devices "Debug" "$XCMODE"
        ;;

    "test-osx-debug")
        xcrealm "-scheme OSX -configuration Debug test"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "test-cover")
        echo "Not yet implemented"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "verify")
        sh build.sh docs
        sh build.sh test-all "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh examples "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh browser "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh test-browser "$XCMODE"

        (
            cd examples/osx/objc/build/DerivedData/RealmExamples/Build/Products/Release
            DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH=. ./JSONImport
        ) || exit 1

        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Docs
    ######################################
    "docs")
        sh scripts/build-docs.sh
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Examples
    ######################################
    "examples")
        sh build.sh clean

        cd examples
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Simple -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme TableView -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Migration -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Backlink -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme GroupedTableView -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project osx/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme JSONImport -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Simple -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme TableView -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Migration -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Encryption -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Backlink -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme GroupedTableView -configuration Release build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "examples-debug")
        sh build.sh clean
        cd examples
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Simple -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme TableView -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Migration -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Backlink -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme GroupedTableView -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project osx/objc/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme JSONImport -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Simple -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme TableView -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Migration -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Encryption -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme Backlink -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        xc "-project ios/swift/RealmExamples.xcodeproj -scheme GroupedTableView -configuration Debug build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Browser
    ######################################
    "browser")
        xc "-project tools/RealmBrowser/RealmBrowser.xcodeproj -scheme RealmBrowser -configuration Release clean build ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "test-browser")
        xc "-project tools/RealmBrowser/RealmBrowser.xcodeproj -scheme RealmBrowser test ${CODESIGN_PARAMS}"
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Versioning
    ######################################
    "get-version")
        version_file="Realm/Realm-Info.plist"
        echo "$(PlistBuddy -c "Print :CFBundleVersion" "$version_file")"
        exit 0
        ;;

    "set-version")
        realm_version="$2"
        version_files="Realm/Realm-Info.plist tools/RealmBrowser/RealmBrowser/RealmBrowser-Info.plist"

        if [ -z "$realm_version" ]; then
            echo "You must specify a version."
            exit 1
        fi
        for version_file in $version_files; do
            PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $realm_version" "$version_file"
            PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleShortVersionString $realm_version" "$version_file"
        done
        exit 0
        ;;

    ######################################
    # CocoaPods
    ######################################
    "cocoapods-setup")
        sh build.sh download-core

        # CocoaPods seems to not like symlinks
        mv core tmp
        mv $(readlink tmp) core
        rm tmp

        # CocoaPods doesn't support multiple header_mappings_dir, so combine
        # both sets of headers into a single directory
        rm -rf include
        mv core/include include
        mkdir -p include/Realm
        cp Realm/*.h include/Realm
        touch include/Realm/RLMPlatform.h
        ;;

    ######################################
    # Release packaging
    ######################################
    "package-browser")
        cd tightdb_objc
        sh build.sh browser "$XCMODE"
        cd ${WORKSPACE}/tightdb_objc/tools/RealmBrowser/build/DerivedData/RealmBrowser/Build/Products/Release
        zip -r realm-browser.zip Realm\ Browser.app
        mv realm-browser.zip ${WORKSPACE}
        ;;

    "package-docs")
        cd tightdb_objc
        sh build.sh docs
        cd docs/output/*
        tar --exclude='realm-docset.tgz' \
            --exclude='realm.xar' \
            -cvzf \
            realm-docs.tgz *
        ;;

    "package-examples")
        cd tightdb_objc
        ./scripts/package_examples.rb
        zip --symlinks -r realm-obj-examples.zip examples
        ;;

    "package-test-examples")
        VERSION=$(file realm-cocoa-*.zip | grep -o '\d*\.\d*\.\d*')
        unzip realm-cocoa-*.zip

        cp $0 realm-cocoa-${VERSION}
        cd realm-cocoa-${VERSION}
        sh build.sh examples "$XCMODE"
        cd ..
        rm -rf realm-cocoa-*
        ;;

    "package-ios")
        cd tightdb_objc
        sh build.sh test-ios "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh examples "$XCMODE"
        sh build.sh ios-dynamic "$XCMODE"

        cd build/ios
        zip --symlinks -r realm-framework-ios.zip Realm*
        ;;

    "package-osx")
        cd tightdb_objc
        sh build.sh test-osx "$XCMODE"

        cd build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Release
        zip --symlinks -r realm-framework-osx.zip Realm.framework
        ;;

    "package-release")
        TEMPDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/realm-release-package.XXXX)

        cd tightdb_objc
        VERSION=$(sh build.sh get-version)
        cd ..

        mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/osx
        mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/ios
        mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/browser

        (
            cd ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/osx
            unzip ${WORKSPACE}/realm-framework-osx.zip
        )

        (
            cd ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/ios
            unzip ${WORKSPACE}/realm-framework-ios.zip
        )

        (
            cd ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/browser
            unzip ${WORKSPACE}/realm-browser.zip
        )

        (
            cd ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}
            unzip ${WORKSPACE}/realm-obj-examples.zip
        )

        cp -R ${WORKSPACE}/tightdb_objc/plugin ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}
        cp ${WORKSPACE}/tightdb_objc/LICENSE ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/LICENSE.txt
        mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/Swift
        cp ${WORKSPACE}/tightdb_objc/Realm/Swift/RLMSupport.swift ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/Swift/

        cat > ${TEMPDIR}/realm-cocoa-${VERSION}/docs.webloc <<EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>URL</key>
    <string>http://realm.io/docs/ios/latest</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

        (
          cd ${TEMPDIR}
          zip --symlinks -r realm-cocoa-${VERSION}.zip realm-cocoa-${VERSION}
          mv realm-cocoa-${VERSION}.zip ${WORKSPACE}
        )
        ;;

    "test-package-release")
        # Generate a release package locally for testing purposes
        # Real releases should always be done via Jenkins
        if [ -z "${WORKSPACE}" ]; then
            echo 'WORKSPACE must be set to a directory to assemble the release in'
            exit 1
        fi
        if [ -d "${WORKSPACE}" ]; then
            echo 'WORKSPACE directory should not already exist'
            exit 1
        fi

        REALM_SOURCE=$(pwd)
        mkdir $WORKSPACE
        cd $WORKSPACE
        git clone $REALM_SOURCE tightdb_objc

        echo 'Packaging iOS'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-ios "$XCMODE"
        cp tightdb_objc/build/ios/realm-framework-ios.zip .

        echo 'Packaging OS X'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-osx "$XCMODE"
        cp tightdb_objc/build/DerivedData/Realm/Build/Products/Release/realm-framework-osx.zip .

        echo 'Packaging docs'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-docs
        cp tightdb_objc/docs/output/*/realm-docs.tgz .

        echo 'Packaging examples'
        cd tightdb_objc/examples
        git clean -xfd
        cd ../..

        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-examples "$XCMODE"
        cp tightdb_objc/realm-obj-examples.zip .

        echo 'Packaging browser'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-browser "$XCMODE"

        echo 'Building final release package'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-release

        echo 'Testing packaged examples'
        sh tightdb_objc/build.sh package-test-examples "$XCMODE"

        ;;

    *)
        usage
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Final 1 2 3 OT Tot
Dallas 0 1 2 1 4
Washington 1 1 1 0 3
4:00 PM PT5:00 PM MT6:00 PM CT7:00 PM ET23:00 GMT7:00 4:00 PM MST6:00 PM EST3:00 UAE (+1)19:00 ET20:00 BRT, October 8, 2019
Capital One Arena, Washington, District of Columbia Attendance: 18,573
Caps look to maintain strong start vs. winless Stars
Dallas Stars at Washington Capitals
This is the first time the Stars have begun the season with three regulation losses since 1988-89 (four losses as Minnesota North Stars). They are 0-for-6 on the power play -- this is the first time in the last 30 seasons where their first three games did not include a power-play goal.
Washington has earned a point in each game this season despite scoring three or fewer goals in each game. No team has gone four straight games doing such to start the season since the 2012-13 Devils (five straight).
Washington has earned points in five of its last six games against Dallas despite being outscored, 19-18. Prior to that, the Stars had won nine straight against the Capitals.
Roope Hintz scored two goals against Detroit on Sunday, his second career multi-goal game. He now has three goals this season after having nine in 58 games last season. He has 14 points (7g, 7a) in his last 17 games dating back to last season after having 11 points (5g, 6a) in his first 44 games.
The Capitals have earned points in seven straight games dating back to last season when Braden Holtby is behind the net. Holtby's 33-19-6 record since last season ranks sixth among goalies with at least 50 starts.
After scoring the Caps' first goal of the season, Alex Ovechkin has been held without a point. He has been held without a point in four of his last five games against the Stars.
NHL Headlines
Quenneville wins return, Panthers' run 6
Williams scores 2 as 'Canes beat Jets
Flyers cool Pens behind Elliott shutout
Greiss stops 40, Isles fend off Rangers
Krejci's goal lifts Bruins over Knights
Broadcaster apologizes for comments
Aliu signs with Czech team
MacKinnon nets 2, Avs top reeling Wings
Canucks beat Sharks, home streak now 8
McDavid's 2 goals lift surging Oilers
The Washington Capitals and Dallas Stars each have found themselves involved in a trio of one-goal decisions to begin the season, with vastly different results.
The Capitals aim to rebound from their first misstep of the young campaign on Tuesday when they host the winless Stars, who are off to their worst three-game start since 1998 -- when the franchise was located in Minnesota.
T.J. Oshie scored a goal for the second time in as many nights for Washington, which let a two-goal lead slip away in a 3-2 overtime loss to Carolina on Saturday.
"Always disappointing to be ahead in a game like that, and then see us let them back in it," Capitals coach Todd Reirden said. "And then ultimately, we get the extra point. Five (points) out of six -- if you were looking at it to start the year -- would be something that would be above average from what we're looking for. I think we did some good things in these three games, and some stuff to grow on."
Washington's power play, traditionally a strength of the club over recent years, has been sluggish out of the gate. The Capitals failed on all six opportunities with the man advantage versus the Hurricanes to drop to 2-for-11 on the season.
Washington is expected to receive a boost from the return of Evgeny Kuznetsov, who was suspended for the season's first three games by the NHL last month for "inappropriate conduct." The 27-year-old Kuznetsov tested positive for cocaine in May at the World Championships while representing the Russian national team.
"He is obviously a superior player in the league," Reirden said of Kuznetsov, who answered his career-best totals in goals (27) and points (83) in 2017-18 with 21 and 72, respectively, last season.
"We've seen his best a couple of years ago to help us win a Stanley Cup, so he can do a number of different things for us. You miss a player like that, certainly."
Kuznetsov scored a goal in the first of two meetings with Dallas last season, when the Stars took two overtime victories.
Dallas hasn't been as fortunate in the early going of this season.
"We're in tight games and we're not a high-scoring team, so we're going to have to win these games, so of course it's frustrating," Mattias Janmark said following Sunday's 4-3 setback to Detroit. "There's things we've got to do better to end up on the right side."
One notable thing is to take fewer penalties, as the Stars were whistled for eight of them versus the Red Wings.
"We just have to be better than this," captain Jamie Benn said. "We can't take that many penalties against a good young team, especially with that kind of speed."
Tyler Seguin, who Sunday scored for the first time this season, capped a two-goal performance by converting 3:37 into overtime of a 2-1 win against Washington last Jan. 4.
Roope Hintz, who set up Seguin's winner in that game, increased his team-leading goal total to three with two tallies versus Detroit.


text:
2. Pratique\La protection des blessés, des malades et des naufragés
Spain (current)
Règle 111 (current)
Practice Relating to Rule 111. Protection of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked against Pillage and Ill-Treatment
Spain's LOAC Manual (2007) states: "'As far as military considerations allow', each party to the conflict should facilitate the steps taken to search for the dead and the wounded and protect them against pillage and ill-treatment."
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Tomo 1, Publicación OR7–004, (Edición Segunda), Mando de Adiestramiento y Doctrina, Dirección de Doctrina, Orgánica y Materiales, 2 November 2007, § 2.4.a.(1).
Under Spain's Military Criminal Code (1985), the despoliation of wounded, sick or shipwrecked persons and appropriation of their personal belongings in a combat area is an offence against the laws and customs of war.
Spain, Military Criminal Code, 1985, Article 77(2).
Spain's Penal Code (1995) provides for the punishment of anyone who during an armed conflict despoils the wounded, sick or shipwrecked and appropriates their personal belongings.
Spain, Penal Code, 1995, Article 612(7).
Spain's Royal Ordinances for the Armed Forces (2009) states: "Whenever circumstances for the accomplishment of the mission and the security of the unit permit, [members of the armed forces] must take, without delay, all possible measures to … protect … [the wounded, sick and shipwrecked] against pillage and ill-treatment".
Spain, Royal Ordinances for the Armed Forces, 2009, Article 108.
Section B. Respect by civilians for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked
Spain's LOAC Manual (1996) refers to Article 17 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I.
Spain, Orientaciones. El Derecho de los Conflictos Armados, Publicación OR7-004, 2 Tomos, aprobado por el Estado Mayor del Ejército, Division de Operaciones, 18 March 1996, Vol. I, § 7.3.a.(4).
Spain's LOAC Manual (2007) states: "Civilians are … bound to refrain from acts of violence against the wounded, sick and shipwrecked of the adverse party."


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

  <meta charset="utf-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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  <title>Chega de Saudade</title>
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        content=""/>
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        content="/img/logo.svg"/>

  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/capsule.min.css"/>
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Chega de Saudade

    ★★★★☆

 Wanderley Caloni, November 4, 2012

A primeira impressão ao assistir Chega de Saudade, projeto de Laíz Bodanzky (As Melhores Coisas do Mundo), é perceber todo o apuro técnico em conseguir desenvolver o que é mais difícil no Cinema em alguns ambientes: a naturalidade. Nesse sentido, o filme (não apenas literalmente, mas metaforicamente) “dá um baile”: desde a coreografia ao domínio de ritmo e montagem, ao acompanharmos seu desenvolvimento é possível se envolver com os seus personagens sem perceber que, afinal de contas, existe uma infinidade de cortes cinematográficos (necessários) que vão do topo aos pés dessas pessoas, que parecem deslizar de fato em um salão apertado e barulhento.

Não tão competente é o destino que o roteiro escrito a quatro mãos e com palpite de pelo menos onze pessoas, que parte do brega para o artificial e manipulador sem necessidade alguma. É o fazer emocionar sem motivo de, pois lá pelo meio do filme já estamos em transe, acompanhando todas as sub-histórias compenetrados por termos o privilégio de conseguir segui-las em qualquer lugar, seja na mesa reservada para a mulher da alta sociedade ou para os cantinhos mais obscuros do estabelecimento, onde ficam os fios da fiação elétrica. Tudo tem um sentido de ser e tudo soa fazer sentido.

Desnecessário dizer que a direção/montagem não depende da conclusão da história. Essa sim, deslumbra do começo ao fim, em uma dança que não me cansaria de ver se fosse por mais duas horas.

           Imagens e créditos no IMDB.

    ★★★★☆

 Chega de Saudade ● Chega de Saudade. Chega de Saudade (Brazil, 2007). Dirigido por Laís Bodanzky. Escrito por Laís Bodanzky, Luiz Bolognesi, Nando Bolognesi, Adriana Falcão, Roberto Gervitz, Ricardo Kauffman, Bráulio Mantovani, Silvana Matteusi, Sérgio Penna. Com Leonardo Villar, Tônia Carrero, Cássia Kis Magro, Betty Faria, Stepan Nercessian, Maria Flor, Paulo Vilhena, Elza Soares, Marku Ribas. ● Nota: 4/5. Categoria: movies.  Publicado em 2012-11-04.  Texto escrito por Wanderley Caloni.

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text:
Ed's Guru Glasman Goes For Jugular
Ed Miliband seems to have missed out on those popular few months that even Gordon managed to achieve in the summer of 2007 and has gone straight to the continual leadership crisis stage. Just when Guido thought the Don't Unseat Ed Miliband Association had got through a successful day of defeating the traitors, Ed's own guru Maurice Glasman pops up with his Staggers column. The Kray brother lookalike has given Ed two barrels, telling him "to show some leadership":
"There seems to be no strategy, no narrative and little energy. Old faces from the Brown era still dominate the shadow cabinet and they seem stuck in defending Labour's record in all the wrong ways – we didn't spend too much money, we'll cut less fast and less far, but we can't tell you how. But we have not won, and show no signs of winning, the economic argument. We have not articulated a constructive alternative capable of recognising our weaknesses in government and taking the argument to the coalition. We show no relish for reconfiguring the relationship between the state, the market and society. Ed . . . has not broken through. He has flickered rather than shone, nudged not led."
How is that for gratitude? Ed might want to think twice about who he puts in the Lords next time. If there is a next time…
UPDATE: Glasman ends his article with: "And we all need to show him love and support in return. I'm backing Ed Miliband." That should smooth feathers over in Ed's office this afternoon!
UPDATE II: Glasman has a pop at Ed's ideological and spiritual father too:
"The problem with Brownite political economy is that, even though it was true that a 3% deficit was not excessive in the context of economic growth, it was debt that was growing at the time, rather than the real economy. A vast, sustained expansion in private debt fuelled the financial sector throughout Brown's tenure as chancellor and then prime minister".
mdi-tag-outline Don't Unseat Ed Miliband Association New Statesman
mdi-timer January 4 2012 @ 17:38 mdi-share-variant mdi-twitter mdi-facebook mdi-whatsapp mdi-telegram mdi-linkedin mdi-email mdi-printer


text:
Travels in Siam, Cambodia, Laos and Annam Vol. 2: Natural History Observati........
Travels of a White Elephant........
By : Blake, W. T.
New York, 1960 - US$15.00
Treak-Wallah........
By : Campbell, Reginald
London, 1946 (sixth edition) - US$38.00
Order Code : R6059/1
Treasure of Siam: From A Single Private Collection # 9991, The........
By : Christie's Thailand
Treasured Homes of Thailand........
By : Warren, William & Manit Sriwanichpoom
Treasured One, The........
By : Knight, Ruth Adams
Treasures from the National Museum Bangkok........
By : National Museum Volunteers Group
Treasures of Thailand........
Order Code : X1467/ 1.2
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Thailand and Denmark........
Trekking in Northern Thailand........
By : Dearden, Philip
Trends and Differentials in Breastfeeding in Thailand:........
By : Knodel, John & Nibhon Debavalya
Trends in Asean-Indochina Relations. Conference Proceedings Thailand 17-19 Au........
By : Rabe, Paul & Patcharawalai Wongboonsin
Tribesmen and Peasants in North Thailand........
By : Tribal Research Centre, Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai, 1967 - US$48.00
True Description of the Mighty Kingdoms of Japan & Siam, A........
By : Caron, Francois & Joost Schouten
Amsterdam, 1971 (reprintt from 1935) - US$185.00
Turbulence on Ko Phra Thong (Phang Nga Province, Thailand)........
By : Ferrari, Olivier & Kunlasab Utpuay & Narumon Hinshiranan & Jacques Ivanoff
Paris, 2006 (English text) - US$42.00
Turning Point of Thai Farmers........
By : Seri Phongphit, Robert Bennoun
Turning Point. Celebrating 46 Years of the Bangkok Post........
By : Bangkok Post
Twentieth Century Impressions of Siam:........
By : Wright, Arnold, Oliver T. Breakspear
Twenty Years Thai Shaped the Nation........
By : Nation
Two Views of Siam on the Eve of the Chakri Reformation........
By : Brailey, Nigel
Whiting Bay, 1989 - US$22.00
Textiles, Crafts and Customs o
By Scherman, Lucian & Christine
Thai Democracy in Crisis: 27 T
By Chaturon Chaisang
Thai Food Complex, the
By Poupon, Roland
Art of Traditional Thai Massag
By Brust, Harald
Plants from the Markets of Tha
By Jacquat, Christiane
Sombat Wat pho: Ttreasures of
By Thida Saraya, Dr.
Sanam chandra Palace, Nakhon P
By Fine Art Department
Moradok kong Chat: Thai Archae
By Office of the Prime Minister


In one of New Zealand's oldest inland towns, Waipawa, founded in 1860, stands the historic BNZ building (circa 1887), which is now the Central Hawke's Bay Settlers Museum.
The museum has recently opened its exhibition of local taonga Maori "Ngā Taonga o Tamatea – Te Hokinga Mai: The Treasures of Tamatea – The Returning".
Dedicated to artefacts from Central Hawke's Bay, the aim is to build relationships between the museum, local iwi and the Taiwhenua.
MTG director Laura Vodanovich and I attended the opening last Saturday.
The crowd were ushered in to follow the tohunga chanting his prayers, evoking the protection of the gods of old.
Listening, looking, walking past the exhibits: a moa-hunter toki found in Putere Creek, Porangahau, and a koruru from the top of the meeting house Te Poho o Kahungunu which stood at Porangahau in a time far extinct.
These and other valuable objects, hei tiki, taiaha, patu, all on exhibition: a link to the past of Central Hawke's Bay.
Following back outside, protocol was adhered to with tangata whenua welcoming manuhiri and thanking those who worked on the exhibition.
Dr Roger Maaka, chairman of the Kahungunu Tamatea Taiwhenua, was the first to address everyone. In his welcome he spoke of the importance of this exhibition to the local people of Central Hawke's Bay.
As the first exhibition of its type at the CHB Settlers Museum, Roger noted it was just a start and would continue and build into the future.
He applauded Jana Uhlirova, curator and manager of the CHB Settlers Museum, for her initiative and tenacity in producing this exhibition, which gathered taonga from MTG Hawke's Bay, Te Papa Tongarewa, and from private collections.
Mayor Alex Walker also spoke on the importance of such an exhibition, the bridging of connections between local iwi, the community, the museum, and the council.
Rangitane Don Tipene also spoke on his voluntary work alongside Uhlirova, identifying and collecting artefacts, mounting them for display and developing the labels to sit alongside each item.
Tipene also worked on ensuring the correct information was available when showing groups through the exhibition and has been busy with school groups since. It is his way of giving from a hapū tangata whenua perspective and ensuring knowledge is passed on to future generations.
A role of MTG Hawke's Bay Napier is to conserve, protect, and document the more than 6500 taonga Māori that are in the collection.
A substantial collection for any museum let alone a provincial museum, and very valuable.
This involves a duty to share with other museums in Aotearoa, to help exhibit these taonga Māori for iwi of all, and collaborate closely with other Hawke's Bay museums such as the CHB Settlers Museum and their "Nga Taonga o Tamatea – Te Hokinga Mai" exhibition, showing until March 1, 2019. Mauriora kia tātau, tātau us.
• The Architectural Legacy of J. A. Louis Hay exhibition opens to the public today. Saturday, December 8.
• Behind the Scenes Tour: Feeling Festive. From historic Christmas greeting cards to paintings of sunny summer days, celebrate the festive season with a look at the collection. Tuesday, December 11, 12pm. Free event. Spaces are limited, please register at eventfinda.
• Digital technologies & computer science teacher professional learning event. Free one-day interactive workshop for Y9 & 10 teachers of any discipline. Wednesday, December 12, 9.30am – 2.30pm. Limited to 30 teachers, please register at eventfinda.


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Agreement for Assumption of Risk – Used for Mentees, Mentors, and SOS Members.
Alcohol Rehab Guide is an organization that provides comprehensive, reliable information on the various aspects of alcohol abuse and addiction. We offer support and guidance for those who are struggling, as well as their parents, family members, friends, and community members. The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 3.3 million people die each year from alcohol abuse. Our goal is to provide helpful information to as many people as possible on alcohol abuse, addiction, and recovery options.
This site is focused on educating people on substance abuse treatment. The scariest thing is the unknown when it comes to the rehab process. We are focused on educating people on the whole treatment process: from selection, to what you can expect during treatment, to entering back into a healthy and more fulfilling life after the program ends.
To further help those challenged by drug and alcohol addiction.
These pages would provide pertinent information related to drug and alcohol abuse treatment in Cloquet, MN.
Alcohol abuse is perhaps the oldest type of addiction. Even though newer types of drugs and addictions are making headlines, alcohol continues to be the most commonly abused substance. However, with the long history of abuse comes a long track record of successful treatment practices.
Our web guide, connects individuals struggling with addiction to treatment options, as well as providing valuable information about substance dependency. Our goal is to prevent substance abuse and provide support for families and communities struggling with these issues. We provide detailed information regarding young people and families, in hopes of preventing adolescent drug abuse and causing long-term cognitive and behavioral effects.
We have created a teenage drug abuse informational guide that would be a great resource to children and families. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out!
Addiction and sleep share a problematic bidirectional relationship, where each influences the other. Many people treat sleep problems with drugs and alcohol, which can lead to addiction. People who are already addicted to drugs and alcohol undergo changes in their sleep architecture and sleep needs, forcing them to increasingly rely on their addiction in order to sleep. Once in recovery, one of the main reasons many people relapse is the discomfort and insomnia they experience, compounded by the long period of time it takes for the body to adjust back to normal sleep without drugs and alcohol.
In this guide we'll explore the common sleep disorders associated with addiction, the cyclical relationship between addiction and sleep, and suggested resources and strategies for managing sleep during recovery.
How do various substance addictions upset the body's brain chemistry and disrupt the natural sleep rhythm? The answers vary. Each substance type has different characteristics, and affects an addicted person's sleep in various ways. Sleep Help is a site devoted to spreading awareness of sleep health and wellness. Since many addicts in recovery will experience sleep problems like insomnia and fatigue, we put a guide together about how to deal with these issues without returning to substance abuse or resorting to habit-forming sedatives to get to sleep.
A troubling fact about teens' experimentation with substances is that this early use can foster long-term use and addiction. For this reason, taking measures for early prevention are the key to deterring and reversing this ongoing trend. This guide would greatly benefit not only for students but for parents as well.
Please feel free to share this on your website or social media accounts for parents and other educators to use as a resource.
Our primary mission at Tuck is promoting sleep health awareness, and as part of that, we've created guides about the impact addictive substances can have on your ability to fall asleep and reach the restorative stages of deep sleep needed to live a healthy life.
Addiction Resource is a dedicated organization that works to better the community through volunteering and health awareness: Addiction Resource, which raises awareness of the dangers of addiction and helps local communities stay drug-free (https://addictionresource.com/). It also has a great summary of the best rehabs in Minnesota (https://addictionresource.com/drug-rehab/minnesota/).
The organizations are already used as a resource by the state sites of Wisconsin, New Jersey, Ohio and the Universities of Connecticut and Michigan.
A site that helps financially disadvantaged families with finding assistance programs. The directory lists assistance programs that help with utility, energy, mortgage, rent, medication, education and medical bills.
In it, you'll find a breakdown of the costs of raising a child from infancy to adulthood. It also discusses how to build an appropriate budget to support these needs, and lists support systems to help provide aid for families in this situation. This resource is written by Bankrate.com, the trusted source of financial data for outlets such as The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, and CNBC.
Provides legal services for individuals over 60 years old or individuals with low income.
Available 24-hours a day. Provides information on support groups and help for victims of domestic and sexual abuse.


Our reader Douglas passed along a story by Oglobo which explains that Gradiente, an IGB brand, has been selling its G-Gradiente iPhone since 2000. The company allegedly has won the rights to use the iPhone moniker for its products back in 2008 following a patent request made in 2000.
Forbes follows up, writing that "it is unlikely that Apple's 2007 request with the Brazilian Institute for Industrial Property (INPI) to make iPhone an exclusive Apple trademark will pass muster".
Gradiente launched its G-Gradiente iPhone just fifteen days before its trademark rights expired. The INPI is scheduled to announce its decision on the dispute in the Industrial Property Magazine tomorrow, February 5.
Looks like Gradiente has a solid case here, which means Apple is likely going to have to pay millions of dollars to acquire the iPhone moniker from the company.
Apple faced a similar situation in China over the iPad moniker and eventually had to pay $60 million to acquire the trademark from bankrupt Chinese company ProView.
We will be following how this story unfolds and update you with latest developments.


After a magnitude 8.2 earthquake in the south of Mexico, more than 60,000 houses were damaged in Oaxaca state. In response, we developed a project with communities of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region, that includes reconstruction of housing, kitchens and ovens; constructions of new housing, school-kitchens, and a center of arts and crafts. All of these, recover traditional characteristics and techniques that are added to a reinforced system against earthquakes and strong winds in the region.
After damage and vulnerability diagnoses, we planned the reconstruction project in Oaxaca, that recovers traditional techniques and characteristics of regional housing, ovens and kitchens, to be reinforced against strong local earthquakes and adapted to regional weather conditions. Through workshops of collaborative design, construction and technical follow-up with labor and families, we adapted each structure to the needs of each one; whose participation is crucial to increase their resilience.
The Reconstruction Project in Oaxaca recovers traditional techniques and characteristics of istmena housing, ovens, and kitchens, reinforced against strong earthquakes and winds in the region, based on the technical advice of Cooperacion Comunitaria. People get involved in every step of the process through workshops, so they can learn to build securely and with quality, relying on their traditional knowledge and with material produced locally to strengthen their self-sufficiency and resilience.