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Suppressive Person Defense League
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March 31, 1961 by clerk Leave a Comment
HCOPL: Department of Official Affairs (Issue I)
HUBBARD COMMUNICATIONS OFFICE
Saint Hill Manor, East Grinstead, Sussex
HCO POLICY LETTER OF 13 MARCH 19611
Issue I
DEPARTMENT OF OFFICIAL AFFAIRS
The Department of Official Affairs exists as an extension of the Office of the Continental Association Secretary.
Purpose: The bettering of the public representation, legal position and government acceptance of Scientology.
a. Following and enforcing current organization policy with regard to press and handling such press queries and matters.
b. Following and enforcing policies with regard to the legal status of the organizations of Scientology in the Continental area.
c. Cooperating with societies having similar organizational goals.
d. Worsening the public belief and attitude toward societies and persons having purposes counter to Scientology goals.
e. Giving hearings and assistance to field members who have ideas to advance Scientology.
f. Bringing continuous pressure to bear on governments to create pro-Scientology legislation and to discourage anti-Scientology legislation or legislation of groups opposing Scientology.
g. Handling field and organization problems of security.
h. Keeping newspaper and other files relating to Scientology and anti-Scientology groups, persons and activities.
Examining the purpose and action of this post, it should become apparent at once that we have here in actuality the equivalent of a Ministry of Propaganda and Security, using crude, old-time political terms.
This is a very important post and must be held only by a person whose security is excellent and who has a flair for such matters.
An active department could secure, by one means or another:
a. An absence of unfavorable press and possibly someday favorable press.
b. A strong legal position for the organizations in the area.
c. Heavy influence through our own and similarly minded groups on the public and official mind.
d. The failure of influence of hostile groups and persons.
e. High ARC with and good effectiveness of field auditors on third dynamic programs that do not hinder the Central Drg or absorb much of its attention.
f. A pro-Scientology government of the area.
g. An absence of field rumors, oppositions and failures.
h. A filed knowingness about the activities of friends and enemies.
Although this department may appear to have the third dynamic as its target, it does not in fact handle anything but INDIVIDUALS.
To accomplish its actions, it needs only to make friends and allies of individual people who can influence.
a. The action of making better press consists of making friends with a publisher who commands reporters, and does not really consist of handling reporters.
b. The action of achieving a strong legal position consists of cultivating the friendship and respect of a very good attorney and persuading him to hold up the authority of the company and its board through leading him to respect them.
c. The action of influencing groups consists of making a favorable impression on the head of the ally groups.
d. The action of bringing about the failure of a hostile group is accomplished by finding and releasing the truth about the leader of that group.
e. The action of influencing energetic Scientologists is accomplished by making a friend out of the individual and acknowledging what he says and encouraging what he wants to do, without really becoming involved in his programs.
f. The action of bringing about a pro-Scientology government consists of making a friend of the most highly placed government person one can reach, even placing Scientologists in domestic and clerical posts close to him and seeing to it that Scientology resolves his troubles and case.
g. The action of reducing hostile field rumors consists of running them down doggedly to the person who is spreading them and directly confronting that person and disposing of his personal opposition.
h. The action of accumulating files consists of accumulating files and knowingness about individual persons who are friends or enemies.
If it's a group problem, find the key person and influence him.
If it's nebulously about a group without any mention of a key person, discard it.
Only data about individuals is valid for use.
Only action upon individuals is productive.
Forget they. Find him or her.
Use Scientology to resolve individual problems.
Never abandon an attack until you have found and contacted the key person.
Then apply Scientology.
Get volunteer Scientologists interested in this game and helping.
PERSONNEL NOTE
A person who cannot deal with individuals but is fixed on the third is not well fitted for this post.
The person best fitted for the post of Director of Official Affairs is one who likes people and is easily liked.
An orderly, pleasant gentleman or a personable, charming lady, who has a flair for order and intelligence about formulating and guiding ideas to individual minds, would admirably fill this post.
One of the purposes of this post is to prevent the Assoc Secretary from having to engage in social and personal activities solely for the purpose of furthering Scientology. If the Assoc Sec's Sec receives invitations for the Assoc Sec to visit of an evening to "further Scientology," the Assoc Sec's Sec infers that the right person to invite is really the Director of the Dept of Official Affairs, unless, of course, the Assoc Sec really wants to go.
It could be that the fate of nations hangs on the actions, brilliance and skill of the Director of Official Affairs in handling individuals to gain help for Scientology.
Document studied on DSA Investigations Officer Full Hat. PDF format. ↩
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: Department of Official Affairs
Scientology's "Suppressive Person" mask
Transcript: The SP Doctrine on Trial
Speaking up for SPs to David Miscavige (2019)
SPDL: Speaking up for SPs (2019)
News: Scientology Cult Shut Down Over Shady Land-Grabbing Black Ops in Moscow
Book: Dianetics The Modern Science Of Mental Health: Chapter 1 (excerpt)
Chart: The Bridge To Total Freedom
black propaganda chaos merchant criminals David Miscavige dead agent enemy Ethics evil purposes Fair game FDA FPRD Gerry Armstrong Glossary GO Intelligence Course government HFPRDA How to Confront and Shatter Suppression PTS/SP Course HSSC illness intelligence Interrogation L. Ron Hubbard legal Mary Sue Hubbard NCG OSA overts overts and withholds personnel requirements PR psychiatrists psychiatry psychosis PTS Rehabilitation Project Force rock slammers roller coaster RPF Russia scapegoating Scientology security Sea Org security checks SP Doctrine Suppressive Person
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The Senate's Medicaid reforms are not perfect — but they are an important step toward making the American health-care system affordable for taxpayers.
Democrats are pouncing on the Medicaid provisions of the Senate health-care bill, saying Republican "cuts" to the program would decimate the nation's health-insurance safety net. These attacks are overblown. The Medicaid provisions of the bill are not perfect, but they point in the right direction.
The Senate bill, called the Better Care Reconciliation Act (BCRA), makes two main changes to Medicaid. First, it lowers the federal matching rate for the Affordable Care Act's expansion population from the enhanced level of 90 percent to the regular, state-specific rates that apply to most Medicaid spending (the regular rates range from 50 percent for high-income states to about 75 percent for low-income states). States would be allowed to continue full Medicaid coverage of the expansion population, with very significant federal support. Second, the bill would impose new, per-person limits on the growth of Medicaid spending for five different program eligibility groups. This proposal has been around for more than two decades, and was endorsed by the Clinton administration in the 1990s.
There's nothing in the Senate bill that would force states to drop coverage of low-income elderly and disabled persons, or poor women and children, as so many of the misleading attacks on the plan have implied.
Even with the changes to Medicaid contained in the Senate bill, which would be phased in very slowly, the program would remain a large and growing part of the federal budget. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that, under current law, the federal government will spend nearly $5.2 trillion over the next ten years on Medicaid. If the emerging GOP plan cuts federal funding by $0.9 trillion over a decade, which is possible, that will still mean the federal government will spend $4.3 trillion on the program over ten years. CBO estimates enrollment in Medicaid in 2026 would be about 71 million people under the House-passed Medicaid provisions (which are similar to those in the Senate bill), or 4 million more than were enrolled in the program in 2011.
Moreover, the Senate bill provides a new, refundable tax credit to anyone who has a low income or is poor and is not eligible for Medicaid. Under this provision, households with incomes below the federal poverty line (FPL) are guaranteed that they can enroll in an insurance plan with a premium that does not exceed 2 percent of their annual income. For a person with an income at the poverty level, this means his maximum premium for health coverage would be about $20 per month.
If, in response to the Medicaid provisions in the Senate bill, states choose to impose stricter rules for program eligibility, more people would become eligible for the federal tax credit, which would allow them to enroll in private health-insurance coverage. From this perspective, it can be argued that the Senate bill strengthens and expands the health-insurance safety net by providing a realistic option for insurance enrollment to millions of people who were left out of the ACA's Medicaid expansion.
The Senate bill would impose a stricter growth limit on per capita spending than the House bill by indexing the caps, after 2024, to the full Consumer Price Index (CPI) rather than to the medical-care component of the CPI. The practical effect of tying the caps to general consumer inflation is to lower the growth rate in the per-person caps by about 1 or 1.5 percentage points each year.
Congressional Republicans are right to want to move away from today's open-ended federal spending on Medicaid. Under current law, the federal government provides matching payments to states without any upper limit whatsoever. States have strong incentives to maximize the amount of federal money coming into their Medicaid programs. Moreover, the incentive to cut Medicaid at the state level is undermined in part by the requirement that about 60 percent of all savings must be returned to the federal treasury.
Congressional Republicans are right to want to move away from today's open-ended federal spending on Medicaid.
Still, it is fair to wonder if the tighter caps proposed in the Senate bill will ever take effect, even if they were somehow enacted into law. There are many examples of tight budget restraints planned for future years that are delayed, modified, or repealed altogether before they go into effect. For instance, in 1997, Congress put in place the notorious "sustainable growth rate" formula for Medicare physician fees, which was delayed repeatedly beginning in 2002 and then ultimately repealed in 2015.
The Senate can also be criticized for its willingness to impose budget discipline on Medicaid, which serves low-income people, while doing nothing to reform Medicare and or employer-based health care. Federal subsidization of Medicare's drug benefit and coverage of physician services is growing just as rapidly as Medicaid, and yet congressional Republicans are steering entirely away from changes in that program. Further, the Senate bill, like the House version, delays the implementation of the ACA's "Cadillac" tax, which would impose a new fee on expensive employer-sponsored insurance plans. Senate Republicans would be more credible on Medicaid if they were proposing to replace the Cadillac tax with a better alternative rather than pushing back the date when it will be imposed.
Medicaid, along with Social Security and Medicare, is a primary reason that the federal government is running large budget deficits today and will run growing and unsustainable deficits in the future. Congress needs to proceed with significant reforms of all three major entitlement programs to lower the risk of a damaging fiscal and economic crisis. The reforms to Medicaid in the Senate bill are not perfect, and unlikely to be the final word on the subject. But they are a start, and are not inconsistent with the important goal of finding ways to increase the efficiency of the health system so that it is more affordable for future taxpayers.
— James C. Capretta is a resident fellow and holds the Milton Friedman chair at the American Enterprise Institute.


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Jim Cramer Says the Santa Claus Rally May Have Started Early This Year. Here's Why – NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth
Posted on December 16, 2021 by nhadmin
CNBC's Jim Cramer said Wednesday it's possible stocks begin their potential Santa Claus rally a bit ahead of schedule this year.
After the Fed's decision, the "Mad Money" host said he does not see anything that could "derail the market" through year-end.
CNBC's Jim Cramer said Wednesday it's possible stocks begin their potential Santa Claus rally a bit ahead of schedule this year, following the Federal Reserve's closely watched policy decision earlier in the day.
The window of time for the so-called Santa Claus rally is technically the final five trading days of a calendar year and the first two in January. Since late 1928, the S&P 500 has been positive in that stretch 78.5% of the time, according to Bank of America.
"We could be looking at the beginning of the long-awaited Santa Claus rally," Cramer said Wednesday, shortly after all three major U.S. equity indexes finish solidly in the green. They had traded in the red earlier in the session, but turned around after the Fed's decision.
"You can't rule it out given that there's nothing on the calendar that could derail the market between now and the end of the year," the "Mad Money" host said. "Historically, the Santa rally doesn't usually come until a few days later, but it wouldn't shock me if it already started."
The U.S. central bank said it would speed up the pace at which it reduces its monthly asset purchases, a process known as tapering. The Fed also forecast three interest rate hikes in 2022, sooner than previously projected as the labor market continues to heal and the American economy faces significant inflationary pressures.
Cramer said he thought Fed chief Jerome Powell "threaded the needle" during his Wednesday press conference and helped spark the afternoon stock rally.
"More importantly, because Powell had already signaled that something like this was coming, the stock market had already baked in the damage and applied it to every sector, which is what else allowed us to rebound today when it became clear that his bark is more powerful than his bite," Cramer said.
Sign up now for the CNBC Investing Club to follow Jim Cramer's every move in the market.
Questions for Cramer?
Call Cramer: 1-800-743-CNBC
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Posted in UncategorizedTagged business, Business News, investing, Investment strategy, Jim Cramer, Mad Money, markets, stock markets, Stock Picks, stocks, U.S. Markets
Customer satisfaction falls at big banks amid staffing challengesFDIC chief accuses Democratic board members of 'hostile takeover'

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Handmade fabric doilies are splendid gifts for Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, or birthdays. Children take such pride in their beautiful, useful creations!
On white paper, sketch a doily design and color it with Crayola® Fabric Crayons. Your design will transfer in reverse. Choose designs such as hearts for Valentine's Day or flowers for a person who gardens. Press hard so the colors will be bright when they are transferred to fabric. Brush away any flecks of crayon.
Cut white fabric that is slightly larger than your crayon design. Color transfers best on fabric that is 100% synthetic or has a high synthetic content.
Have an adult choose a safe, large, flat location to iron. Make a bed of newspaper. Cover the newspaper with white paper.
Place the fabric on the plain paper, face up. Lay your colored design face down on the fabric. Cover with more white paper.
Glue on lace with Crayola School Glue.


Gobind Singh Deo s/o Karpal Singh is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and currently serving as the Minister of Communications and Multimedia. He is also Deputy Chairman of the Democratic Action Party, a component of Pakatan Harapan coalition. He is dubbed the "little lion of Puchong"


This service is ONLY for the Rolex® Submariner and GMT Master Series watches. The bezel on these styles of watch is particularly fragile and needs special care during maintenance. Don't try to install a new bezel on your own, and beware of taking them to most specialists—you should make sure that the "expert" you're working with understands the complexities of these particular models. We know how to safely take care of these watches during maintenance and bezel replacement. If you own a Submariner or GMT Master Series watch, this is the correct service package for you!


Source: Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-102. Broomall, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station. 23 p.
Adams, Edward L. 1985. DESIM data manual: a procedural guide for developing equipment processing and down time data. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-102. Broomall, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station. 23 p.


Will You Marry Me? If i give you this car? Ini Edo's "Sister" Queen Wokoma's Beauty Asked..
September 2, 2017 September 2, 2017 michael	0 Comments Will You Marry Me?
THE 10 RICHEST MEGA-PASTORS WEY DEY CHOP MONEY LIKE MADT.


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ArticlesHomosexualityNewsPoliticsUS News
Talk About a Liberal DriveBy, Hater Verbally Assaults Chick-Fil-A Employee
Tim Brown August 2, 2012
OK, the Chick-Fil-A issue is huge. It deals with a bedrock issues in our society: marriage and free speech. However, I ran across this self made video by a guy from Tucson, AZ named Adam Smith. Reportedly Smith is an adjunct lecturer at the University of Arizona and he though he would take Chick-Fil-A up on a free water. Yeah this sounds like a liberal doesn't it? Anyways, he decides to video his pulling through drive through and simply attack the young lady Rachel who is serving him free water.
Honestly, this guy is so full of hate himself he can't even see his own hypocrisy. Yet notice the love and gentleness that Rachel displays to him even though he is bad mouthing her company and even insults her. Apparently Mr. Smith removed the video, probably because of the numerous dislikes, but was again re-uploaded.
He claimed he was "excited about his free water." OOOh yeah free water does sound exciting doesn't it? He then pulls up and immediately begins to unload on the young lady at the drive-thru window.
He asks the girl, Rachel, "Do you know why I'm getting my free water? Because Chick-Fil-A is a hateful corporation."
"I disagree. We don't treat any of our customers differently" she responds.
"I know, but the entire corporation sends money to hate groups. Just because people want to kiss another guy. I don't believe corporations should be giving money to hate groups."
As Rachel responds with "It's my pleasure to serve you always," this jerk says, "I'll take my water. I'm glad that I can take a little bit of money from Chick-Fil-A and maybe less money to hate groups."
She tries to say that they are happy to serve everyone, but Mr. Smith (yes, I am biting my tongue as to what to refer to this guy as) interrupts stating, "I don't know how you live with yourself and work here. I don't understand that. This is a horrible corporation with horrible values. You deserve better."
While she wished him a "really nice day" he said he felt like "he did some thing good and felt purposeful."
Well yes Adam, you made yourself look like a total ass and I'm just going to promote your asinine response for the world to see that the true hater is you Sir. It is not Chick-Fil-A who promote the values of family, hard work and ethics that are applauded all over the world. In fact, you were served courteously and I might add for free even though you are one of the biggest jerks on the face of the planet.
I'll tell you what, though I support free speech, had Rachel been one of my daughters, I would be finding this guy and giving him a piece of my…..mind:) The fact that this fellow could be an adjunct lecturer at a University is disgusting. Maybe some people want to complain to the institution and demand his resignation for his hate filled comments to someone he doesn't even know about something he is not even mature enough to discuss.
While he claims that the fast food restaurant gives to hate groups, he then goes on to ask Rachel how she can live with herself and work there. I'm just helping promote how big of an ass Adam M. Smith is and people like him that show absolutely no shame in attacking someone who serves them with a smile.
In all of this, what I see displayed in Rachel is exactly what I have seen every single time I have been to a Chick-Fil-A since I was little. She was courteous and as always claims, "It's my pleasure to serve you." So I ask you America, would you rather be ruled by the "Homosexual Hate Groups" like the one Mr. Adam M. Smith is a part of or would you rather be in a world filled with wonderful courteous people with a servant's heart like Rachel? Seems to me the choice is clear.
By the way, from now on, I will be using the phrase "Homosexual Hate Groups" to speak of anyone who gives this type of rhetoric. I suggest you do the same. Let's redefine them, the way they have tried to redefine words and us for years.
Once you watch the video, compare Adam M. Smith to Bruce, who is an openly homosexual man, and his interaction with Chick-Fil-A. Finally, a big kudos to Rachel! Well done young lady, well done!
UPDATE: One of our commenters, jimpeel, informed us of Mr. Smith's removal from his job for this incident. I'm wondering if Mr. Smith is feeling excited now? One thing for sure, there is nothing keeping him from kissing his boyfriend on Friday. Here's the update from the company he WORKED for. At least they have a bit of class. Oh and Mr. Smith? It seems Vante deserves better too, which is why they kicked you to the curb.
Vante of Tucson, AZ Regrets Actions of Former CFO
Employee Has Left the Company
TUCSON, AZ–(Marketwire – Aug 2, 2012) – The following is a statement from Vante:
Vante regrets the unfortunate events that transpired yesterday in Tucson between our former CFO/Treasurer Adam Smith and an employee at Chick-fil-A. Effective immediately, Mr. Smith is no longer an employee of our company.
The actions of Mr. Smith do not reflect our corporate values in any manner. Vante is an equal opportunity company with a diverse workforce, which holds diverse opinions. We respect the right of our employees and all Americans to hold and express their personal opinions, however, we also expect our company officers to behave in a manner commensurate with their position and in a respectful fashion that conveys these values of civility with others.
We hope that the general population does not hold Mr. Smith's actions against Vante and its employees.
I'm wondering now if the Gaystapo will be holding a "kiss in" at Vante. After all, Smith lost his job supporting "their cause." Personaly, I think Smith protested a bit much. What heterosexual would actually pull something like that?
UPDATE 2: Also, surprise surprise. I discovered it doesn't look like Mr. Smith has his college gig anymore either. He once had a web page, but now that has gone bye-bye.
Here's what the page use to look like:
Here's what you get when you attempt to go there now:
See? There is justice and nothing cool about a guy berating a pleasant and friendly young woman for simply working hard to make a living. Maybe his parents should have taught him better. I'll bet they are so ashamed of him.
UPDATE 3: The University of Arizona:
Adam Smith held an appointment as an Adjunct Lecturer, Finance (non-tenure eligible) in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona from January 2, 2012, to May 20, 2012. He presently holds no appointment with the University.
The University of Arizona strives to provide an environment where a free and respectful exchange of ideas is valued and encouraged. We strive to have a workforce that is diverse and respectful of different viewpoints and where opinions are respected.
So Smith's actions have no bearing on his college lecturing, but I'll bet he'll be hard pressed to get another gig like either of the ones he had now that he's shown himself for what he really is: a hater.
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Email Us Warren PHILIPS28 died in January 1947.
William PHILIPS39 was born on 14 February 1780 in Somerset, Somerset, PA. He died on 30 June 1816 at the age of 36 in Norfolk, Norfolk, VA.
Spouse: Susanna KING. Susanna KING and William PHILIPS were married. Children were: John PHILIPS, Joseph Clark PHILIPS.
Ann PHILLIPS42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
Spouse: Samuel CAWLEY. Ann PHILLIPS and Samuel CAWLEY were married.
Spouse: N. A. UNKN. Children were: Ida Blanch PHILLIPS.
Spouse: Mary THOMAS. Mary THOMAS and David PHILLIPS were married.
David PHILLIPS Jr42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
David PHILLIPS Sr42 was born in 1752. He died in 1825 at the age of 73. He was buried in Great Valley Babtist Church, Devon, Chester, PA. Parents: Maurice PHILLIPS.
Spouse: Margaret THOMAS. Children were: John PHILLIPS, Margaret PHILLIPS, Thomas PHILLIPS, David PHILLIPS Jr, George PHILLIPS, Ann PHILLIPS.
Spouse: Ralph SMITH. Children were: Living.
Spouse: Harry Pardonner HILLIARD. Edna PHILLIPS and Harry Pardonner HILLIARD were married.
Spouse: Reverened Langton Edward BROWN. Elizabeth Buckley PHILLIPS and Reverened Langton Edward BROWN1950 were married.1950 Children were: Mary Jane PHILLIPS.
George PHILLIPS42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
George PHILLIPS5454 was born in 1877 in IL. He died. Parents: George W. PHILLIPS and Mary Elizabeth HARVEY.
George W. PHILLIPS238,5454 was born in 1854 in IL.5454 He died.
Spouse: Mary Elizabeth HARVEY. Mary Elizabeth HARVEY and George W. PHILLIPS238 were married. Children were: George PHILLIPS.
Ida Blanch PHILLIPS125,5455,5456,5457 was born in 1881 in Alamance Co., NC.5455 She died. Parents: Bryan PHILLIPS and N. A. UNKN.
Spouse: John Mc Cauley MC ADAMS. Ida Blanch PHILLIPS and John Mc Cauley MC ADAMS were married on 14 December 1904 in Alamance, Alamance, NC.4623 Children were: Dennyce MC ADAMS, Ina P. MC ADAMS, Donald D. MC ADAMS, Hubert H. MC ADAMS.
Spouse: William M. SWAFFORD. Jamima Jane PHILLIPS and William M. SWAFFORD2127 were married on 16 July 1854 in Gwinnette Co., GA.2127 Children were: Esther E. SWAFFORD.
John PHILLIPS42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
Louis Roland PHILLIPS died. From daughters marriage record.
FHLF 2032430, Digital # 4831255, Image 669.
Spouse: Lillian TASKER. Children were: Valera M. PHILLIPS.
Margaret PHILLIPS42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
Spouse: Daniel Irving WHITMIRE. Mary Elizabeth PHILLIPS and Daniel Irving WHITMIRE were married calculated 1908 in DeKalb, Alabama, United States. Children were: Floe WHITMIRE, Melvin D. WHITMIRE, Elvin Irvin WHITMIRE.
Mary Jane PHILLIPS77,1950,5458,5459,5460,5461 was born on 21 January 1866 in Clehonger, Hereford, England.77 She died on 15 March 1947 at the age of 81 in Hereford, Hereford, England.77 In 1881 Mary was living next door to her future husband, Richard. Parents: Reverened Langton Edward BROWN and Elizabeth Buckley PHILLIPS.
Spouse: Henry George RICHARDS Sr. Mary Jane PHILLIPS and Henry George RICHARDS Sr77 were married in 1884 in Mordiford, Hereford, England.77 Children were: John RICHARDS, Annie RICHARDS, William James RICHARDS, Henry George RICHARDS Jr, Blanche Winafred RICHARDS.
Children were: David PHILLIPS Sr.
Sarah Louise PHILLIPS3853,4107,5462 was born on 24 March 1853 in Walker Co., GA.3853,4107 She died on 9 May 1927 at the age of 74 in Walker Co., GA.3853 Sister of Sophia Phillips who married George L. Keith.
Spouse: John Mathhew RIVES. Sarah Louise PHILLIPS and John Mathhew RIVES were married in 1874 in Walker Co., GA.3853,4107 Children were: Vertie Dorinda RIVES, Rueben Tempest RIVES, Artie P. RIVES, Nanny Mae RIVES, John A. RIVES, Woodfin Grady RIVES, Vera RIVES.
Sophia PHILLIPS3853,4108 was born on 24 March 1847 in GA.3853,4108 She died on 9 May 1927 at the age of 80 in GA.3853 Sister of Sarah Phillips who married John M. Rives.
Spouse: George L. KEITH. Sophia PHILLIPS and George L. KEITH were married estimated 1873. Estimated from 1880 Census. Children were: Mathew L. KEITH, Lewis P. KEITH, Lila KEITH.
Thomas PHILLIPS42 died. Parents: David PHILLIPS Sr and Margaret THOMAS.
Valera M. PHILLIPS was born in 1913 in PA. She died. Parents: Louis Roland PHILLIPS and Lillian TASKER.
Spouse: Unkn TIMBLIN. Valera M. PHILLIPS and Unkn TIMBLIN were married before 1946.
William Michael PHILLIPS31 was born on 8 April 1825 in Henry Co., GA.31 He died.
Sarah PHINAZEE was born about 1805 in GA. She died.
Spouse: Nathaniel BRAMLETTE. Sarah PHINAZEE and Nathaniel BRAMLETTE were married after 1850 in GA. Children were: Elevia BRAMLETTE.
Judith PHIPPEN238 was born about 1617 in Wedmore, England. She died on 3 January 1689 at the age of 72 in Woburn, MA. Parents: William PHIPPEN and Judith UNKN.
Spouse: William SIMONDS. Judith PHIPPEN and William SIMONDS were married on 18 January 1643. Children were: Caleb SIMONDS.
William PHIPPEN238 was born about 1590 in England. He died.
Spouse: Judith UNKN. Judith UNKN and William PHIPPEN were married. Children were: Judith PHIPPEN.
Spouse: John HEADEN Jr. Brooks PHOEBE and John HEADEN Jr were married about 1780 in West Union, Morgan, IN.
Spouse: Emma FLORENCE. Emma FLORENCE and Alfred L. PICKARD were married.
Grace PICKERING291 was born on 24 August 1715 in Bucks Co., PA. She died after 1783 at the age of 68 in Frederick Co., VA. Parents: Samuel PICKERING and Mary Ann SCARBOROUGH.
Spouse: William LUPTON. Grace PICKERING and William LUPTON were married on 7 August 1745 in Bucks Co., PA. Children were: Samuel LUPTON, Isaac LUPTON, Joseph LUPTON, William LUPTON Jr, Asa LUPTON, Mercy LUPTON, Jesse LUPTON.
Spouse: Elizabeth ALDEMAN. Elizabeth ALDEMAN and John PICKERING were married. Children were: Jonathan PICKERING.
Jonathan PICKERING291 was born on 10 February 1643 in Salem, Essex, MA. He died in 1729 at the age of 86 in Salem, Essex, MA. Parents: John PICKERING and Elizabeth ALDEMAN.
Spouse: Jane CROMWELL. Jane CROMWELL and Jonathan PICKERING were married on 19 March 1666 in Salem, Essex, MA. Children were: Samuel PICKERING.
Samuel PICKERING291 was born in 1684 in Salem, Essex, MA. He died on 10 January 1727 at the age of 43 in Bucks Co., PA. Parents: Jonathan PICKERING and Jane CROMWELL.
Spouse: Mary Ann SCARBOROUGH. Children were: Grace PICKERING.
Annebelle PICKETT was born on 2 February 1900. She died on 10 September 1988 at the age of 88.
Spouse: Wilbur Henry KLEPFER. Annebelle PICKETT and Wilbur Henry KLEPFER27 were married in 1957.
Blanche PICKETT701 was born on 19 May 1880 in NC.701 She died on 23 November 1942 at the age of 62 in Durham, Durham, NC.701,5463 Parents: Joseph Walker PICKETT and Margaret A. TATE.
Spouse: George T. MC CRACKEN. Blanche PICKETT and George T. MC CRACKEN were married. From Blanche Pickett's Death Record.
Charles D. PICKETT5464 was born in January 1882 in WI.5113,5464 He died in 1975 at the age of 93.5113 Parents: William Byron PICKETT and Martha Ellen MORTON.
Spouse: Hosea Camp RASBURY. Dicie PICKETT and Hosea Camp RASBURY1872,1889 were married estimated 1874 in est TX.1889 Children were: Ida RASBURY, Laura RASBURY, Mahala RASBURY.


Perform a variety of recruitment activities which include one-on-one recruitment, social networking, group presentations, community outreach, and general networking within the military community. Admissions Representatives provide information about programs of study available at Martinsburg College and identify appropriate applicants for enrollment. This is a home office based position and applicants must have an appropriate, quiet workspace within their homes. Must be available to work some weekends & evenings and have a car with insurance. This position requires a full-time work schedule (40 hours per week). Requires both time in the field making presentations and developing relationships in addition to Social Networking recruitment activities & follow-up. It is a requirement to be on or near the military installation you will service and must have 2 years of ability to work at that location.
Must be comfortable networking and developing social networks, both in person and via social networking.
Requires strong personal presentation skills and Internet social networking competence. Strong organizational and follow-up skills are also necessary.
Knowledge of social networking and an Internet presence is helpful.
We welcome applications/resumes from former military recruiters and military spouses.
Clean driver's license, car and insurance required.
Martinsburg College provides performance oriented, skills-based educational programs, at both certificate and Associate-degree levels, for adults seeking to achieve improved levels of proficiency in a broad range of disciplines. Our history of providing quality education to adults dates back to 1980 when the first training center was opened in New York and has been based in Martinsburg, WV since 2006. All of Martinsburg College's programs utilize distance education delivery. The quality of our programs and our considerable experience in supporting adult learners in non-traditional educational delivery has resulted in consistently high student completion and student satisfaction rates.


text:
cask 'font-monoid-halfloose-dollar' do
  version :latest
  sha256 :no_check

  # github.com/larsenwork/monoid was verified as official when first introduced to the cask
  url 'https://github.com/larsenwork/monoid/blob/release/Monoid-HalfLoose-Dollar.zip?raw=true'
  name 'Monoid-HalfLoose-Dollar'
  homepage 'http://larsenwork.com/monoid/'

  font 'Monoid-Bold-HalfLoose-Dollar.ttf'
  font 'Monoid-Italic-HalfLoose-Dollar.ttf'
  font 'Monoid-Regular-HalfLoose-Dollar.ttf'
  font 'Monoid-Retina-HalfLoose-Dollar.ttf'

  caveats <<~EOS
    #{token} is dual licensed with MIT and OFL licenses.
    https://github.com/larsenwork/monoid/tree/master#license
  EOS
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Winnifred Antonia Bosboom (Amsterdam, 1 oktober 1929) is een Nederlands voormalig actrice.

Jeugd en opleiding
Bosboom is een dochter van danser en dansleraar Willem Anton Bosboom, artiestennaam Willy Yardaz, en danseres Catharina Bartholomina (Kitty) Schermelé. Ze groeide deels op in Kampen waar ze optrad met de Kamper Lyceum Club. Bosboom studeerde in 1952 af aan de Amsterdamse Toneelschool.

Theaterloopbaan
Bosboom speelde tot 1955 bij De Nederlandse Comedie, van 1958 tot 1963 bij Toneelgroep Theater en vervolgens tot 1966 bij het Nieuw Rotterdams Toneel. Tussen 1955 en 1958 speelde ze samen met haar toenmalige echtgenoot Maxim Hamel exclusief voor het bedrijf van de Duitse filmproducent Herbert Horn Neue Film Verleih. Bosboom had onder meer rollen in Der Fremdenführer von Lissabon (1956), Parole Heimat (1955) en Ja zuster, nee zuster (1966). Vanaf eind jaren 1960 was ze minder actief. In 1981 speelde ze een hoofdrol in de musical Madam, geschreven door Annie M.G. Schmidt. Hierin was ze de leidster van een groep feministen die een blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuis wilden oprichten tegenover een bordeel waarvan Conny Stuart de rol van de uitbaatster vertolkte. De musical leidde, mede vanwege het grove taalgebruik, tot ophef maar was geen succes. Zelf was Bosboom actief bij de Stichting Amazone die zelfbewustzijn bij vrouwen bevorderde.

Persoonlijk
Bosboom was driemaal gehuwd. Eerst met Maxim Hamel (1952-1959), daarna met Edo Spier (1960-1962), die ze als decorontwerper bij de Nederlandse Comedie leerde kennen en met wie ze een zoon kreeg die ze opvoedde met haar derde echtgenoot, de dichter en reclameman Martin Veltman. Ook dit huwelijk strandde en Veltman hertrouwde in 1976.

Nederlands acteur
Nederlands toneelacteur
Nederlands feminist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


And did I mention that ubothsuck(dot)com?
Because you see, hypothetical future people, "sick kicks" can also mean "cool shoes".
Inspired by this and all the babies on my Facebook feed. Sorry about the future, babies.


In corporate bankruptcy, a situation in which a court or regulator appoints a custodian to administer all assets and debts. This custodian is known as a receiver; his/her duty is to pay off as many debts as possible as cheaply as possible. One obvious way to do this is to liquidate the company, but this is not always done. The receiver may restructure the company to put it on a path toward solvency.
In the United States, different financial regulators have the authority to decide whether receiverships are necessary. The Office of Thrift Supervision may do this for savings and loans; the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for national banks. In any federally-chartered savings and loan or bank, the FDIC must be appointed receiver.
Since we play a value-added role in receivership through responsive customer service, understanding how to handle people and crises, as well as knowledge of the workings of a particular facility, we are oftentimes asked to stay on-board as property managers.
The KDB said STX's financial prudence has improved since its previous receivership in 2016.
Imperial Bank was immediately placed under receivership, with several CBK and Government officials expressing confidence that it would be running smoothly again soon.
New York law does not provide for conservation as an option to rehabilitation or liquidation, as is provided in the NAIC receivership model act, and certainly does not provide for a less formal regulatory supervision outside of court ordered receivership.
Emergency financial management of cities by the state: a cure or simply "kicking the can down the road"?
She said: "It is understood locally that Dinorwic Marina is in administrative receivership.
Kitzman has proposed putting TWIA into receivership.
Four new leases have been signed at 111 Great Neck Road in the town of Great Neck in Nassau County, NY bringing the property, which has been in receivership since 2010, to approximately 89% occupied.
com/news/2012-07-23/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-getting-receivership-contingency-plan) reported that the Federal Housing Finance Agency has hired the accounting and consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers to develop a receivership plan by Oct.
an independent hotel development and management company headquartered in West Chester, Ohio, announced that it has recently signed two new contracts to manage hotels in receivership, adding 120 rooms to their management portfolio.
They have a 20-strong support team at their five offices, dealing with a large number of specialist property receivership instructions from around the country.


Kamal A Hanash is a Doctor primarily located in Mc Lean, VA. Their specialties include Urology. They speak English.
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text:
"The only winning move" | WarGames (1983)
Grant Watson	on May 19, 2016
Teenager David Lightman, obsessed with his new personal computer, uses it to hack into a telephone network and access pre-release videogames. He has made a mistake. He has not hacked into a videogames developer but rather into NORAD – North American Aerospace Defense Command. While David believes he is playing a war game a powerful supercomputer known as WOPR is quietly planning the Third World War.
This is the premise of Wargames, a 1983 teen thriller directed by John Badham. The film kick-started the careers of stars Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy and was the fifth-highest grossing film in America that year. Today it is a remarkable time capsule, expressing in a most entertaining fashion one of the greatest social fears of the 1980s: thermonuclear war.
Despite being based around a fear of nuclear conflict, Wargames was originally developed around a much less ominous subject matter: child prodigies. The film's writers were Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes. Parkes said: 'I started researching the issue of genius kids born into environments which did not recognise their talents. It just happened that, at the same time, Larry had an interesting idea based on the character of Stephen Hawking, a leading astrophysicist at Cambridge.'[1]
Parkes and Lasker combined their ideas to develop a story about a young unrecognised prodigy who meets, and is taken under the wing of, an older and already successful genius. 'That was really the beginning,' said Parkes. 'At that point there were no video games, no computer, no nuclear war.'[2]
The writers titled their proposed screenplay The Genius, and set about undertaking further research – beginning at SRI: the Stanford Research Institute. This introduced them to researcher Peter Schwartz, who would become WarGames' creative consultant. 'There was a new subculture of extremely bright kids,' explained Schwartz, 'developing into what would become known as hackers. SRI was in Palo Alto, and all the computer nerds were around: Xerox PARC, Apple just starting – it was all happening right there. SRI was node number two of the Internet. We talked about the fact that the kinds of computer games that were being played were blow-up-the-world games. Space war games. Military simulations. Things like Global Thermonuclear War. SRI was one of the main players in this. SRI was, in fact, running computerized war games for the military.'[3]
The use of computers – and computer games – in the United States military introduced a new angle to the proposed screenplay. On 15 September 1980 Parkes and Lasker made a research trip to the North American Air Defense Command (known as NORAD) in Colorado. The trip had been arranged via the Air Force Los Angeles Public Affairs Office, and introduced the writers to NORAD's commander-in-chief Lt. Gen. James Hartinger. It was in conversation with Hartinger that the writers finally hit upon a new core concept of their film: that their teenage genius could use his personal computer and a telephone line to accidentally hack into NORAD and almost trigger its missile systems – potentially causing World War III in the process.
While Parkes and Lasker both insist they talked extensively with Hartinger during their visit, the Air Force denied that such a conversation ever took place. 'Hartinger didn't talk to them,' said public affairs officer Lt. Col. Al Alderfer, 'and he certainly didn't sit around and B.S. with them. He never addressed them directly expect maybe only to answer questions in a Q&A session.'[4]
For a time Parkes and Lasker toyed with the idea of David accidentally connecting via computer to some form of orbiting space laser, but they soon abandoned that idea in favour of something a little more grounded and realistic. Nuclear weapons were a key social concern at the time, with newly elected President Ronald Reagan promising to massively increase US military spending and committing to pushing the Soviet Union to 'the ash heap of history'.
To better understand how telephone hacking was done, the writers interviewed John Draper, an early hacker whose success in using a toy whistle to activate unlimited free calls on his telephone had earned him the nickname "Captain Crunch".
In developing Falken, the disabled genius based on Stephen Hawking, Parkes and Lasker based the character's look and mannerisms on pop musician John Lennon. They even approached Lennon, via a mutual contact, to see if he would be interested in playing the role should the film be produced. Lennon seemed keen on discussing the idea, but was tragically murdered shortly afterwards.
Before long Parkes and Lasker had completed their screenplay, retitled from The Genius to WarGames. Producer Leonard Goldberg picked up the screenplay and began shipping it around Hollywood's studios. It was soon optioned by Universal Pictures.
During Universal's development process it was hoped that the United States Department of Defense might be willing to support the film through the loan of vehicles for the shoot, or by allowing production members onto military facilities for research. While the Department was initially amenable, its support was withdrawn after their liaisons read Parkes and Lasker's screenplay. Parkes noted military personnel 'had a number of complaints about the fictionalised portions. In the movie, we portray two missile commanders who are unable to carry out their commands. But in our research we've found countless cases of alcohol and drug cases among missile commanders.'[5]
The Department of Defense's objections to the WarGames screenplay were simple and twofold: firstly, the situation presented within the film was not actually possible; secondly, the screenplay put the Air Force in an extremely negative light. In both cases the Department's assessment was correct: computer-controlled missile launches simply did not exist, and the screenplay painted the military in a remarkably unflattering light.
WarGames does stand out remarkably in this regard. By 1983 the USA was three years into President Ronald Reagan's first term. Public opinion of him was high, and after more than a decade of growing cynicism about the US government and military patriotism was back in style. In many respects the political angle of WarGames seems more suited to the Watergate-era 1970s than the early 1980s.
By mid-1982 Universal Pictures was growing wary of Goldberg's budgetary demands of US$8 million dollars. They put the project into turnaround, essentially dropping all plans to produce the film but making the rights available to any rival studio willing to pay Universal for the development already undertaken. It was immediately picked up by rival studio MGM/UA. Despite MGM's enthusiasm for the project, budget concerns continued to plague it. The studio cancelled the production twice before finally reaching a compromise figure that both studio accountants and Goldberg agreed would be viable. By this time the budget estimate had inflated to almost US$14 million.
When it was announced that MGM had taken over the production, Leonard Goldberg was approached by the Air Force. They offered to discuss a new deal to modify the screenplay in return for full cooperation. The Air Force's offer was rejected, since adjusting the story to reflect actual military practice would actually destroy the film's core storyline.
The search for a director settled rapidly on Martin Brest, who had made a successful debut with his 1979 comedy Going in Style. 'Marty saw it and loved it,' said Parkes. 'He had been wooed by every studio as a young, hot director, and therefore he ended up in charge of the project.'[6] During pre-production Brest became dissatisfied with Parkes and Lasker's screenplay, and insisted on bringing in his own writer – Wally Green – to undertake significant rewrites. He also came with his own producer, Lisa Weinstein.
One major change was the re-imagining of Falken. While Parkes and Lasker had envisaged a disabled scientist, Brest feared that a professor in a wheelchair sitting in NORAD would remind too many viewers of Stanley Kubrick's satirical comedy Dr Strangelove. He had the character transformed into more of a cynical recluse.
With a director onboard, the next step involved assembling a cast. An extensive search was undertaken for an actor to play the leading role of David Lightman. Before long that search settled upon the 20 year-old Matthew Broderick – at the time best known for performing onstage in Neil Simon's Eugene trilogy of plays.
'Matthew was one of millions of kids who'd walked in,' said Brest. 'As soon as Lisa Weinstein and I saw him, we were enthralled. He had an enigmatic and sexy impishness, he had charm – he had a lot of riveting qualities in a soft and cuddly package. But when you're building a $12 million film around an unknown, you get very cautious, so we had open calls in six cities and decided to screen-test the five best actors. And Matthew was at the top of that list.'[7]
At his father's urging Broderick refused to appear in a screen test, instead submitting a videotape of scenes from the film Max Dugan Returns (which he was in the middle of shooting at the time). It was convincing enough to win him the role. MGM had arcade cabinets of Galaxian and Galaga shipped to Broderick's home to enable him to master both games for scenes in the movie.
As David's teenage love interest Jennifer Mack, Brest cast Ally Sheedy. Like Broderick she was 20 years old at the time of casting. Sheedy had already appeared in a short run of episodes of Hill Street Blues, and had filmed her feature debut: the teen prison drama Bad Boys. WarGames was her first major studio role.
'I learned a lot on WarGames,' said Sheedy. 'It was a huge production filmed on location and on soundstages at MGM. It was like a fairy tale. Lots of equipment, a huge crew. Just fun and wonderful people all around. I didn't understand the computer angle at all. But Jennifer wasn't supposed to, so that worked for me.'[8]
Within weeks of principal photography commencing it became clear that the film Martin Brest was directing was not the film that Goldberg or MGM were expecting him to make. After discussing his concerns with the director and failing to reach a compromise, Goldberg received permission from the studio to fire Brest and continue production with another director.
Despite his firing Brest did not stay out of work for long. He was almost immediately signed up by producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson to produce their action comedy Beverly Hills Cop. 'Thank God he landed on his feet,' said Dabney Coleman, who Brest had hired for WarGames to play the computer programmer McKittrick. 'He's a hell of a director, a sweetheart of a guy, and he did not deserve to get fired.'[9]
With Brest out of the picture, the pressure was on to source a replacement director. Goldberg rapidly zeroed-in on John Badham, who was editing his helicopter-based action film Blue Thunder at the time while negotiating to direct a film adaptation of William Goldman's The Princess Bride. 'I was called,' said Badham, 'and told that they needed some help quickly. Would I be willing to take a look at it? So, I read the script, could see where they needed help, and said "Sure.".'[10]
Badham admitted 'when I took on WarGames I could not boot up the computer! I didn't know what booting up the computer was – I thought it was maybe when you got sick of it and you kicked it out the door!'[11]
Badham met with Goldberg, who showed him some of the early footage that Brest had shot – including the scene in which David hacks into his high school computer system to change his grades. 'And I'm looking at this,' said Badham, 'and thinking, "What's wrong here?" Driving home that night, I realized what it was. I stopped the car, found a phone booth, and called Leonard. "I know what the problem is!" I said. "They're not having any fun!" These kids were treating this as if they're involved in some dark and evil terrorist conspiracy. If I could change somebody's grades on the computer, I'd be peeing in my pants with excitement to show it to some girl. And the girl would be excited about it!'[12]
Part of Goldberg's dissatisfaction with Brest's take on the film was how serious Brest had made it, and Badham strongly agreed with that assessment. Much of Wally Green's screenplay was jettisoned and replaced with earlier material by Parkes and Lasker. In particular the character of General Beringer was re-imagined to become less pompous and inflexible.
Negotiations for John Badham to take over directing WarGames took approximately two weeks. He was officially signed onto the film on a Monday, and was shooting on set three days later.
Badham's first priority was to rework and improve the film's shooting script. He said: 'King Vidor, one of the great old directors, told me that when Victor Fleming came in to take over Gone with the Wind, his first request was that "I need to read everybody's script." Apparently, there was a huge stack of scripts. So my first question was, "I need to read all of these scripts." I looked at Lasker and Parkes' and I said, "Wait a second, this is really good." I called them up and said, "Guys, come help me here. We are going to do a lot of work." They were thrilled to come back in and tweak dialogue and story points that probably had frustrated them earlier for being rewritten.'[13]
One thing Badham was unable to change were the film's sets, as they were by-and-large already constructed and in some cases already used. The NORAD set, built at an estimated cost of $1 million dollars, was one of the most expensive movie sets ever constructed. Rather than remount scenes unnecessarily, Badham incorporated what he could from Martin Brest's footage into the final film. At the time of his dismissal Brest had been shooting for about three weeks. Roughly 10 per cent of WarGames' final theatrical cut was directed by Brest; the remaining 90 per cent was shot by John Badham.
Despite the change in directors, WarGames completed principal photography after 10 weeks and within its allocated budget of US$13.6 million. In May 1983 WarGames had its world premiere as the closing night film of the Cannes Film Festival.
Scheduling the film's USA release proved a complex task: the summer of 1983 was packed with high profile movies including Return of the Jedi, Superman III and Octopussy. WarGames was initially set for release on 10 June, but Warner Bros scheduled Superman III for the following week. Fearing that the highly anticipated sequel would dominate cinemas upon release, MGM/UA shifted WarGames back one week to 3 June. This, however, put the film at risk being overwhelmed by Return of the Jedi, which by then would be in its second week of release.
In the end WarGames opened in third place behind Return of the Jedi and Universal's thriller Psycho II. The following week it was pushed down to fifth place by new arrivals Octopussy and Trading Places, a position it retained in its third week despite the release of Superman III.
Despite the competition WarGames showed remarkable resilience, holding a Top 10 position in American cinemas for nine weeks. Its final domestic gross was just shy of US$80 million dollars, making it a hugely profitable release. It finished up the fifth-most popular movie of 1983, beaten only by Return of the Jedi, Terms of Endearment, Flashdance and Trading Places. Superman III, whose release so concerned MGM/UA staff, was relegated to 12th place.
Even after its theatrical release WarGames continued to exert an influence over American popular culture. In 1984 a US congressman, Dan Glickman, presented several minutes of the film as an example of the risk of computer-based criminal activity. This screening, along with other evidence, prompted congress to pass the 1983 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
Parkes and Lasker continued to show a keen interest in computer hacking, ultimately basing their 1992 thriller Sneakers around similar material.
WarGames is a quintessential 1980s film. It has rebellious teenage protagonists at its centre, and it presents a certain degree of aspirational fantasy. At the time home computing was becoming increasingly affordable and popular, and seeing David use his computer and a telephone to steal videogames and change his school grades had tremendous appeal for the film's target audience.
By starring Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy it prefigures the actors' subsequent roles in films like Ferris Bueller's Day Off and The Breakfast Club, which more than any other American films helped to define the teenage identity for 1980s audiences.
The threat of nuclear war lurks palpably throughout the film. A war between the USA and the USSR seemed not only likely but inevitable. Nuclear weapons were a regular feature of film and television productions, appearing in such works as Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, Miracle Mile and The Day After. They even featured in popular music, including Sting's hit song "Russians" and Frankie Goes to Hollywood's "Two Tribes". WarGames is an iconic expression of these overwhelming fears.
Most importantly, WarGames is simply a really good all-ages thriller. It works with audiences with a wide range of ages. It is excellently paced. Badham was correct in lightening the film's tone, turning it from a tense drama into a much more openly crowd-pleasing blockbuster.
Broderick and Sheedy play immensely appealing protagonists, and they are supported by a strong and engaging adult cast – particularly John Wood as Dr Stephen Falken, the character originally developed as a Stephen Hawking analogue but ultimately re-imagined as WOPR's reclusive creator.
It is easy to overlook a film like WarGames, because to a large extent it does nothing particularly inventive or original. What it does, however, is present a slick and entertaining family thriller that entertains its audience and expresses their social fears and concerns in a safe and hugely enjoyable fashion. There is a lot to be said for films like this: judged not on what it could be, but what it aims to be, WarGames is an absolute winner.
[1] Randy and Jean-Marc Lofficier, "Inside WarGames", Starlog, No 74, September 1983.
[3] Scott Brown, "WarGames: a look back and the film that turned geeks and phreaks into stars", Wired, 21 July 2008.
[4] Lawrence H. Suid, Guts & Glory: The Making of the American Military Image in Film. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 2002.
[5] Kathy Chin, "WarGames plays games with the Defense Department's computer", InfoWorld, 20 June 1983.
[7] Jesse Kornbluth, "The kid with the million-dollar smile", New York Magazine, 25 March 1985.
[8] Simon Brew, "The Den of Geek interview: Ally Sheedy", Den of Geek, 20 May 2008.
[9] Will Harris, "Dabney Coleman on Boardwalk Empire and why WarGames doesn't make sense", AV Club (http://www.avclub.com/article/dabney-coleman-on-iboardwalk-empirei-and-why-iwarg-87765)
[10] Randy and Jean-Marc Lofficier, "Inside WarGames", Starlog, No 74, September 1983.
[11] Martin Anderson, "The Den of Geek interview: John Badham", Den of Geek, 23 September 2008.
[12] Scott Brown, "WarGames: a look back and the film that turned geeks and phreaks into stars", Wired, 21 July 2008.
[13] Susan King, "John Badham on moving a film in a good direction", Los Angeles Times, 10 September 2013.
Category: essay, thriller
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text:
Has Fitts' Law been adapted to Touch screens?
The question Is there any difference in element minimal sizes on 10 and 24 inch touch screens? made me wonder; has Fitts' Law been successfully converted to Touch related events? There's 3D movement in touch events and certain types of rapid movement are easier in Touch from my experience, so I definitely think it's not directly compatible with the original Fitts' Law as it's designed for 2D movement.
Has any approximation (however rough) been made for Touch? I've found the question Fitts' Law, applying it to touch screens but there's really only info on why Fitts' law doesn't fit, not any alternate algorithms/etc.
Note: I know there are assorted guidelines related to the size of elements for Touch, but I'm talking specifically about an analog or adaptation of Fitts' law relating to ease of pointing as a function of size and distance, not just minimum size suggestions etc.
research touch-screen fittslaw
Ben BrockaBen Brocka
Fitt's law originated with physical controls. Touchscreens are proto-physical so it applies the same way. – dnbrv Jun 21 '12 at 14:46
Touch screens have been adapted to Fitts' law :) – Vitaly Mijiritsky Jun 21 '12 at 17:53
What if you have fat fingers, does it still apply? - I mean it, I reckon this could be a question by itself... – edgarator Jun 22 '12 at 7:42
This might be of interest to you: Bi, X., Li, Y., & Zhai, S. (2013, April). FFitts law: Modeling finger touch with Fitts' law. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM annual conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 1363-1372). ACM. ISO 690 dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2466180 – Fabian van Noort Apr 11 '14 at 13:30
Warning. This turned out to be more of a rant than an answer. Feel free to downvote it, I'm just glad to (finally) get it off my chest :-P
I usually get both eager and upset everytime I stuble upon advanced UX topics, like Fitts' law.
Eager because I find the basic research very interesting, and upset because there are so many misinterpretations of these.
I actually have my own version Fitts' law:
Don't use Fitts' law as a formula, use it as a guideline.
So, what is the simple guideline we can use from Fitts' law?
The size of the target and the distance to the target matters. Period. Don't calculate how large the button should be, and don't calculate where it should be. Don't calculate how much time it will take to hit an advertisement or a menu item. Just bear in mind that size and position matters.
Heck, low level estimation methods like GOMS+KLM doesn't even bother to calculate Fitts' law. They did it a couple of times and concluded that every mouse movement takes approximately 1.1 second (excluding click).
Besides, some of the components in Fitts' law are based on empirical data. Yes, you have to perform some empirical investigation to get a reliable result. :-) Well, that's what we call a deal-breaker, isn't it? You have to perform some empirical testing to find the constants you need to perform a reliable calculation of a movement time. Well...
So, what is Fitts' law, really?
Fitts' law is just model of human movement. A model. A formula that was originally proposed by Paul Fitts in 1954. A formula that has been revised several times.
In plain English, the model describes that a movement consists of several controlled micro-movements. The time it takes to perform a micro-movement is equal to the "feecback-loop"/"reaction time". Take a look at MHP for more information about this. The "feecback-loop"/"reaction time" includes observation with perceptual (visual) processor, evaluation of position (cognitive processing), and then performing a (new) movement as a response to the evaluation.
There are several ways to calculate the reaction time. You can for instance do it with an online test.
According to MHP, the average response time is 240 ms (Perceptual processor cycle time = 100 ms, Cognitive processor cycle time = 70 ms and Motor processor cycle time = 100). One should also know that MHP operates with the terms "Slow-Man" and "Fast-Man" to emphasize that there are documented variation from person to person. (Did you notice that the empirical data on the online test were 215 ms, btw? Quite accurate these "old" theories about the human brain...)
So, each micro-movement takes about 240 ms, and during the first 70-80% of total movement you can move pretty fast. During the last 20-30% you need to slow down to be able to hit the target accurately.
Fitts did a lot of one dimensional tests and proposed a formula to represent the math behind this movement.
MT is the average time taken to acquire the target.
a and b are empirical constants determined through linear regression.
A is the distance from the starting point to the center of the target.
W is the width of the target measured along the axis of motion.
c is a constant which is either 0, 0.5, or 1, depending on the specific environment.
OK. You probably just skimmed over this list, but look at it again. Read and understand every piece of the formula. I'll help:
MT = average time. This is pretty simple. The average time it takes to do perform a single scenario (startposition, target, target size etc...)
a and b are empirical constants. Note: empirical constants. You need to get these constants somewhere. I'll explain more about these below.
A is the distance to the target. Just measure a strait line from starting position to center of target. Pretty simple. I just one small note I would like to say about this. The immediate response from most people who hear about Fitts' law for the first time is "yay, let me find a ruler and start measuring". Well, you don't need a ruler. Since all the measurements are in the A/W part of the formula, you can use whatever you want. The ratio will be the same. Use pixels, inches, thumbs, feet or toothpicks. It doesn't matter...
W is the distance from the center of the target to the point of the target where the line you drew in the 3rd point meets the target. Or, you can just measure the plain width and height of the target and use the smallest value divided by 2. I've elaborated a little about this below.
c is yet another constant you need to get somewhere. It is context based. Take a look at point 8 and 9 below.
The last part of this formula log2(2A/W) is what Fitts defined as the Index of Difficulty (ID). This is the part of the formula that says size and distance matters. The ID is defined by a metric he called "bits". As explained in point 3, you can measure the distance and the target size with whatever you want. The A/W ratio (and thus the ID) will always result in the same "bits" measurement. (I believe that "bits" were chosen because he used the 2 as the base for this logarithm.)
Note that the logarithmic function implies that a small increase in size is much more effective for small targets than large targets. A small justification on large objects won't make that much of a difference. Likewise for the distance.
Both Welford and Shannon have suggested some modifications to Fitts formula to better suit small ID's. Welfords data (1960) showed that Fitts' formula were wrong for easy tasks (ID < 3 bits), and suggested a new ID formula to correct this: ID = log2(A/W + 0.5). Shannon argued that these formulas would give a negative ID for situations where the distance to the target were less than half the target size (A < W/2). Hence the formula ID = log2(A/W + 1.0) was suggested to avoid a negative ID.
These justifications are captured in c in the general formula. So when the formula tells you to use 0, 0.5 or 1. It's actually a matter of who's formula you wish to use, or rather a specification of the distance and target size situation.
So, what´s the 2A/W vs A/W all about? Using 2A or just A is actually a matter of "Using the whole width of the target" or "distance from edge to center" of target. (2*A)/W is the same as A/(W/2). There have been various suggestions to whether one should use distance from the edge to the center along the line of movement, or simply the smallest of the width and height, or half the smallest width. At the end of the day, this is not very important, because the justification constants (a+b) will adjust this. The important part is the choice of c.
So, now that we have a basic calculation of the ID, we just need to adjust the formula to match empirical data. :-) Fitts' law only describes how the human brain works during a movement, and how size and distance affect the task difficulty (ID). Fitts' law doesn't take into account the actual user group's capabilities (slow-man vs fast-man, under water vs outer space etc) nor the characteristics of the pointing device (mouse, finger, foot, trackball, joystick etc). That's why we need to determine a and b in the formula.
First we add b to the formula to adjust the slope of the line. I.e. How much harder is is to hit targets that are far away.
MT = b * ID
Then we add ato the formula to avoid that the graph starts in the origin. I.e. what is the shortest MT you can have for the easiest task. 0 ms is not realistic even if we're talking about "the fastest pixel" - the pixel right under the cursor. We usually use a constant time factor depending on the task to be performed. Due to learnability, ' a ' will probably change over time.
MT = a + (b * ID)
I had a couple of additional points I wanted to add...
First. I should put all the information above into a conclusion that actually answers your question. When iPhone was introduced, Apple had a guideline that suggested 44 pixels to be the smallest size of a button. The resolution back then was 320x480. So if you put two 44x44 buttons in each corner diagonally, then you get the most difficult task. By using Shannon's formula, we get an Index of Difficulcy equal to 1.38. That is very easy! When Fitts experimentet he used ID=16 as the most difficult task...
Second. For the fun of it, I created a small tool to calculate ´a´ and ´b´ for you. You can run in you browser or you can run it on your phone. The chart obviously needs some work, but the result you get is correct. Chase the button 20 times and get your result.
Goto http://smartmobilestudio.com/smartdemo/Fitts/
or scan the QR code below to get started.
Jørn E. AngeltveitJørn E. Angeltveit
+1 but your demo requires 21 clicks(after clicking start), not 20 (: – ComputerSaysNo Jul 10 '12 at 16:19
@DorinDuminica Ah. You're right! How could I miss that!? :-P Classical off-by-one error in the human brain... – Jørn E. Angeltveit Jul 10 '12 at 16:21
This is what I call overkill answer but still a good one. :D +1 – rbaleksandar Dec 14 '14 at 15:30
In Designing Gestural Interfaces, Dan Saffer touches (!) the subject of Fitts' Law in relation to touchscreens (specifically pp. 40-2.) Saffer argues that the law holds true for gestural interfaces; minimize reaching across the interface and making sure that targets are appropriately sized to accommodate the "cursor" (i.e., the finger.)
However, he also notes that touchscreens are seldom subject to the benefit of the "inifinite edge":
One corollary to Fitts' Law isn't as true for gestural interfaces. With traditional input devices such as a mouse or trackball, it makes good sense to place targets such as menu items on the edges of the screens so that the hit target becomes huge because the user cannot overshoot the target; the cursor stops at the edge of the screen. With gestural interfiaces, this is rarely true. With touchscreens, users are seldom dragging their fingers across the screen as they do with a cursor—instead, they will likely lift their fingers and place them on the new target. And with free-standing gestural interfaces. there is seldom an "edge" to bump into, unless it is a physical wall!
(Saffer 2008, p. 42)
Saffer, D. (2008). Designing Gestural Interfaces: Touchscreens and Interactive Devices. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
jensgramjensgram
Good stuff. In fact touchscreens have sort of the opposite of infinite edge; small controls close to the edge can be very hard to press on some screens; especially Android where the bottom of the screen is very close to the soft buttons – Ben Brocka Jun 22 '12 at 13:45
As you can see on its wikipedia page, Fitts Law goes well beyond 2D movement (and HCI in general).
What's known as Fitts Law originates from a (military) memorandum written by P.M Fitts in 1947 (warning: pdf link) that deals with ergonomics of WW2 airplane cockpits, and how the layout of instruments, their scales and the directions of their indicators may confuse the pilot thus yielding "pilot error" (between quotes also in the original document).
Later (in 1954) a paper by Fitts studied not only the perception issue, but the interactions as well. (again warning: pdf link) In this paper one can find many examples, as for instance:
In the first experiment two closely related reciprocal tapping tasks were studied. The 5s were asked to tap two rectangular metal plates alternately with a stylus. Movement tolerance and amplitude were controlled by fixing the width of the plates and the distance between them. The task was accomplished primarily by movements of the lower arm
JonW♦
DanieleDaniele
Can you elaborate on this? Currently this is more of a link to another site than an answer in its own right. – JonW♦ Jun 21 '12 at 22:00
I'll try as soon as I have some time. I prefer citation since english is not my first language hence I could introduce errors/misunderstanding. – Daniele Jun 22 '12 at 7:23
Yes, the Fitts' paradigm has been converted to touch related events.
Bi, Li & Zhai (2013) proposed a new version of the Fitts' paradigm's Index of Difficulty. However, I have not found reports stating experiences from others with this model.
Basic Fitts' law describes correlation between motion time MT and the Index of Difficulty of the pointing task:
The 'a' and 'b' are experimentally found regression coefficients.
The adaptation of Index of Difficulty (ID) by Bi et al. (2013) is:
The first distribution measure (expressed as sigma squared) reflects the common speed-accuracy tradeoff in the human motor system. The second distribution measure (expressed as sigma_a squared) reflects the absolute precision on pointing tasks.
For a more detailed technical description, see the following article.
Bi, X., Li, Y., & Zhai, S. (2013, April). FFitts law: Modeling finger touch with Fitts' law. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM annual conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 1363-1372). ACM. ISO 690
Fabian van NoortFabian van Noort
Disclaimer : This response is based upon my own analysis
I cant find any research studies but the place where Fitts law is applicable in case of touch screens is when the pointing device (in most cases the finger) is required to be dragged across the screen to fulfill a task (for example dragging a app or icon to an trash can).
However if we were just going to look at directly selecting an item on a screen from a discontinuous perspective taking into consideration 3D movement, multiple factors come into the picture such as relative distance to the target, the size of the target, the angle of the target with regards to the finger (or stylus) and relative positioning of the target with regards to the focus of the user.There could be an argument made that the the angle of the target and the relative positioning could be the constants A and B used in Fitts law
Mervin JohnsinghMervin Johnsingh
I share your thoughts. I was hoping that somebody have already done the job of calculating those A-s and B-s for such screens. – Vasyl Boroviak Jun 25 '12 at 11:35
These extensions of Fitts' Law fit better to touch screens that the original 1D point'n'click task:
Law of Crossing: Crossing a target of width W at distance D with your pen or finger to trigger an action follows the same rule as the original setup of Fitts. [Accot & Zhai, More than dotting the i's - foundations for crossing-based interfaces, CHI'2002]
Law of Steering: The difficulty of following a curved tunnel or road can be derived from Fitts by building the integral form over infinitesimal small D. Originally described in [Accot & Zhai, Beyond Fitts' Law: Models for Trajectory-Based HCI Tasks, CHI'1997] now part of [ISO 9241-9].
sina72sina72
Fitt's Law gives you guidance on how to size and position elements to make them easy clickable. In my opinion we should not try to just adapt this to touch screens, but go one step back an ask: How should elements be positioned and sized to be easily touchable.
This depends on the target device. On a larger tablet the reachability of elements in the center of the screen is not the same as on a smart phone.
Microsofts Windows 8 Touch guidance gives some hints for tablets:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/8/A/6/8A652B51-AF09-4A5A-888C-A0465D00FE5E/Windows%208%20Touch%20Guidance.pdf
stefan.sstefan.s
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged research touch-screen fittslaw or ask your own question.
Is there any difference in element minimal sizes on 10 and 24 inch touch screens?
Why isn't a keyboard in alphabetic order?
Fitts' law and minimum target size
Smart phones, touch screens and the "Gorilla arm effect"?
Applicability of Fitts law in expert user scenarios
Why has the touch area size of iPhone app icons not been maximized?
Are touch-start and touch-end (i.e. Mouse-down and mouse-up for touch-screens) intuitive?
Why touch screens?
How to use Fitts's Law?
How to know which model fits best among Fitts', Walford's and Shannon Model for given data
What defines the acceptance of fingerprints/smudges on touch screens?
Combining Fitts' law with Hick's law


I'd probably have the best rig. And I'd want to brag. LoL. Why can't I just set the wolfserver inside of RtCW as a dedicated? As oppoed to getting a stand alone app. Also, since I've never even managed to get UT to run right I'd rather use a dedicated server.
Speaking of idiots who brag, a friend of mine has another friend on AIM who put the "specs" to his rig on his profile... claiming to have an athlon running at 2.53Ghz. Yeah, I believe that.


text:
Baskien runt 2022 var den 61:a upplagan av det spanska etapploppet Baskien runt. Cykelloppets sex etapper kördes mellan den 4 och 9 april 2022 i Baskien. Loppet var en del av UCI World Tour 2022 och vanns av colombianska Daniel Martínez från cykelstallet Ineos Grenadiers.

Deltagande lag

Etapper

1:a etappen

2:a etappen

3:e etappen

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6:e etappen

Resultat

Sammanlagt

Övriga tävlingar

Referenser
Baskien runt 2022 på ProCyclingStats

Noter

2022
UCI World Tour 2022
2022 i Spanien


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Swiss asset management company Vontobel AM has appointed Thierry Larose (pictured) within its bond team, focusing on local currency bonds, to bolster its emerging market bond capabilities.
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Films to Watch for in 2023
Ah, the movies. As you've heard Nicole Kidman say, like, a hundred times, "heartbreak feels good in a place like this." There are many things to be certain of in 2023: death, taxes, and that same AMC ad over and over. Plenty of great films are set to grace the screen, too, with big-named directors from Martin Scorsese to Christopher Nolan bringing their A-game. These 25 films are some of the most anticipated upcoming releases of 2023, so get ready to reserve your tickets and grab your popcorn.
Peyton Reed refuses to let Ant-Man fall into the background as a Marvel supporting character. The third film in the series, Quantumania, looks to be the biggest and best yet.
Asteroid City
Asteroid City is described as "larger than most other Anderson films," and that's saying a lot for Wes Anderson's famed ensembles. Take a look at the cast and tell me you're not excited.
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Dune: Part Two
Denis Villeneuve's Dune was one of the most technically impressive science-fiction films in years, and we're eager to see the next step on Paul Atreides' journey through the galaxy.
Pixar's next film, Elemental, appears to have much more in common with Inside Out and Soul than director Peter Sohn's debut feature, The Good Dinosaur, and that's a good thing.
Michael Mann hasn't exactly been on a roll lately, with Collateral his last cinematic triumph. But a story about Enzo Ferrari coming to the big screen could just be his return to form.
The third edition of Guardians of the Galaxy hasn't come without drama, with James Gunn removed from the director's chair before being reinstated. With him back, we're pumped.
How Do You Live?
The Wind Rises appeared to be Hayao Miyazaki's final film as the king of Studio Ghibli. But he returned to work on How Do You Live?, which may finally be hitting theaters this year.
Indiana Jones had an excellent track record until 2008's Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. For his next adventure, though, director James Mangold promises much more fulfilling thrills.
Like father, like son: Brandon Cronenberg's breakthrough film, Possessor, was a captivating body horror ride, and he'll be back this year with another unsettling feature in Infinity Pool.
When the first John Wick came out in 2014, I never imaged it would turn into a four-part series, with a fifth film to come. Keanu Reeves has a new enemy to fight first in Chapter 4.
The Killer
David Fincher making a serial killer film starring Michael Fassbender? Count me in. Following mixed reviews for Mank, The Killer will hopefully be Fincher back at his best.
Martin Scorsese can't be stopped. Killers of the Flower Moon, the next addition to his dense filmography, is a Western crime film starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Need I say more?
Wait, is that really Bradley Cooper? It sure is, and he's back at it again. In his second directorial effort, set for release on Netflix, Cooper transforms into Leonard Bernstein.
Mission Impossible – Dead Reckoning: Part I
If Tom Cruise filming commercials while skydiving isn't enough, he's returning for another Mission Impossible movie in 2023 — part one of two and the penultimate film in the series.
Joaquin Phoenix has been killing it lately, from Joker to C'mon C'mon (including an Oscar to his name). His next venture? Playing the famed Napoleon in Ridley Scott's new film.
Next Goal Wins
Is 2023 finally the year we get Taika Waititi's Next Goal Wins? He was busy with his second Thor film last year, but his film about the American Samoa soccer team could drop soon.
Beyond his Batman trilogy, Christopher Nolan has dabbled in space, war, and science fiction, and now he's preparing his historical biopic, Oppenheimer, for release this year.
Poor Things
Yorgos Lanthimos' next film, Poor Things, is based on a 1992 novel, and that's all we know about it so far. But between Emma Stone, Willem Dafoe, and Mark Ruffalo, the cast rules.
We've been inundated with film adaptations of Spider-Man, but Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse was a fresh spin on the superhero. Miles Morales returns for the sequel in 2023.
Suzume
Makoto Shinkai's new film, Suzume, hit theaters in Japan last fall, and it makes its American debut this spring. Here's to hoping the filmmaker can recapture the magic of Your Name.
The Way of the Wind
Terrence Malick has been known for spiritual themes in his works. His upcoming release, The Way of the Wind, is all biblical: a highly anticipated epic about the life of Jesus Christ.
While we're not dying for another Willy Wonka movie, the fact the 2023 adaptation is directed by Paddington's Paul King and stars Timothée Chalamet is a great initial sign.
Tim Dodderidge
I've long loved writing about music, dating back to my days covering Warped Tour during summer breaks. Following a decade at Mind Equals Blown and a handful of contributions to Substream Magazine, I'm back on my own time, doing my own thing here at The Verbatim. View all posts by Tim Dodderidge
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