text:
\section{Introduction}

\section{Introduction}

In references \cite{PBB} and \cite{MS1} a correlation was demonstrated
for `low clouds' ($<$3.2 km in altitude) between the changes in the
globally averaged
'low cloud cover (LCC) anomaly' and the changes in the cosmic ray (CR)
count rate (e.g. see figure 1 of \cite{MS1}). Here 'LCC anomaly' means
the difference between the
mean monthly LCC and the time averaged value for the month. The LCC
anomaly was derived by these groups from the satellite data
provided by the
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) from
the monthly averaged D2 analysis using
the infrared data\cite{ISCCP}. It was implied by both groups that a
decrease in CR intensity causes a decrease in LCC. Since this may
not be the case if both effects are correlated to a third
variable, it is prudent to look for further evidence of such a
causal connection. Such a causal connection would have vast
importance since, according to \cite{PBB,MS1,MS3}, it could be the main
cause of the presently observed global warming.
The proposed mechanism for this depends on the observation of an
increase in solar activity over the last century \cite{Lockwood}.
An increase in solar activity causes a net decrease in CR intensity
which, according to the causal connection proposed
in \cite{PBB,MS1,MS3}, causes a decrease in LCC. This, in turn, leads to
increased warming of the Earth's surface by the Sun. The effects of
solar changes
on the increases in the global mean surface air temperature have been
discussed more fully in \cite{LandF} and are reviewed in \cite{Haigh}.

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has not considered
this effect as significant \cite{IPCC} since the origin of the
correlation observed
in \cite{PBB,MS1} has been questioned \cite{KSKK}. The grounds for this
doubt are that the ISCCP infrared data give different results from the
day time low cloud data and also
that the correlation after 1994 is of poor quality. The correlation was
also questioned since a similar one was observed over the USA but with
the opposite sign \cite{UC} to that seen in \cite{PBB,MS1}. These doubts
should be weighed against the following. Firstly, in the daytime LCC
shown in figure 1b of \cite{KSKK} there is structure at the maximum of
the solar activity, albeit with a poorer correlation than the infra red
data with the CR modulation. Secondly, there is no inconsistency between
the surface data over the USA seen in \cite{UC} and the ISCCP infra red
data since the latter also show an anti-correlation over the USA (see fig 2a
in \cite{MS1}, which we also confirm). Thirdly, a correlation between the CR
rate and cloud cover was also observed in \cite{Harrison} where cloud cover was
determined in a completely different way from that adopted in \cite{PBB,MS1,MS3}.
Fourthly, a latitude dependence between the calculated ion concentration from CR
at altitude 3 km and the low cloud amount was reported in selected local regions
where the correlation coefficient between the two distributions is high \cite{uso}.
Fifthly, whilst
after 1994 there is a poor correlation at high Earth latitudes, we see a possible
correlation in the tropical regions (see below) and it is well known that sequential
solar cycles behave differently from each other due to the reversal of the solar
magnetic field. The IPCC labels the level of scientific understanding
of the observed correlation as ``very low''. Given these facts the correlation observed
in \cite{PBB,MS1} needs to be studied further. Here we adopt the approach of looking
for other possible manifestations of the causal connection, assuming that it exists,
in order to corroborate the effect or otherwise.

The implication of the causal connection proposed in \cite{PBB,MS1} is
that LCC is influenced by the rate of ion production in the atmosphere.
In this paper, we have examined various incidences of ionizing
radiation changes in the atmosphere from cosmic rays
to look for consequential changes in
LCC which would result if the causal connection existed.
We have looked for changes in LCC from changes in
the CR intensity due to solar activity as
the geomagnetic latitude increases i.e. as the vertical rigidity
cut-off (VRCO) decreases. We have also looked at the effects on
LCC of the known sporadic changes in the CR intensity.
These cases, where there is a change in the
ionization rate, have been examined to see if a corresponding change in
cloud cover occurs, as would be expected from the
causal connection hypothesized in \cite{PBB,MS1}. Throughout we use
the same ISCCP D2 data sample as in \cite{PBB,MS1} unless otherwise stated.

\section{The Correlation between Cosmic Rays (CR) and Low Cloud Cover (LCC)}
\label{ions}

Figure \ref{fig1} shows the LCC anomaly determined from the ISCCP infra red
data as a function of time averaged over the Earth, in three separate regions.
The smooth curves in figure \ref{fig1} show the best fits of the LCC anomaly
to the mean daily sun spot (SS) number (inverted) superimposed on an assumed
linear change with time in the LCC anomaly.
Such a change may be real or it could be due to an artefact
of the satellite instrumentation as discussed in \cite{evan}.
The fit was made using the CERN library fitting programme MINUIT
\cite{MINUIT} to minimize the value of $\chi^2$ between the measurements
and the curve. The errors on the data points were taken from the mean
square deviations of independent pairs of neighbouring points.The free
parameters in the fit were the slope and intercept of the assumed smooth
linear systematic change in the LCC, a multiplicative constant for
the monthly averaged daily American sunspot number  (SSN) \cite{USSS}
and a time shift for the delay between the onset of the $dip$ in the LCC and
the increase in the SSN. The multiplicative constant represents the
amplitude of the dip in the LCC per unit change in SSN. We take this
amplitude as the magnitude of `the effect'.  The fits were rather poor
(see figure \ref{fig1}) with values of $\chi^2$ per degree of freedom
of from 1.5 to 2.5. However, fits between 1985 to 1996 (solar cycle 22)
were better than this, allowing the amplitude of the dip to be determined
in this time range. The modulation of the cosmic ray intensity
is strongly anti-correlated with the variation in the SSN.
The time shift between the onset of the dip and the change in the SSN
will be used in the manner to be described later.

The observed dip in figure \ref{fig1} is similar to that
seen in \cite{PBB,MS1} between the years 1985 and 1995. However,
the dip in LCC seen in solar cycle 22 (peaking in 1990) is not evident
in solar cycle 23 (peaking in 2000) except, surprisingly, in the equatorial
region where the solar modulation is least.

The globally averaged decrease in LCC during solar cycle 22 (averaging
the dips in figure \ref{fig1}) is $1.28\pm0.14\%$. The globally averaged total
LCC amount is $28\%$ giving a change in LCC during the dip of
$\Delta \rm{LCC}/\rm{LCC}=4.6\pm0.5\%$. The globally averaged peak to peak
modulation in the CR neutron monitor count rate is computed to be
$11\pm1\%$
of the total. The neutron modulation was determined
from a study of the data from 35 neutron monitors around the
globe \cite{Watanabe} using similar methods to those described
in \cite{Braun}. A fit to the measurements of the peak to peak
modulation versus SSN gives
$\Delta N/N=1.15~10^{-3}-0.061~10^{-3}\cdot V$ per SSN,
where $V$ is the VRCO
The muon modulation is a factor 3 lower than this \cite{Allkofer}
due to the higher primary energy needed to produce muons. Ionization
is also produced from the electromagnetic component of CR whose
long term modulation has not been measured. This will depend on $\pi^0$
production from CR primary interactions which will have a threshold
energy intermediate between those for muons and neutrons. We therefore
assume that the total globally averaged solar modulation of the cosmic
ray ionization rate is the average of those for muons and neutrons i.e.
$7\pm3\%$, where the uncertainty bridges the gap from muons to neutrons.
The solar modulation of the globally averaged ionization rate, $q$, will be
reduced to $\Delta q/q = 6\pm3\%$ by the dilution of the ionization over
land ($29\%$ of the Earth's surface) by radioactivity which will produce an
ionization rate of a similar magnitude to that from CR at low cloud altitude
\cite{Karunakara}. The fractional change in the LCC is therefore
related to the rate of ionization change  due to solar modulation by
\begin{equation}
\frac{\Delta \rm{LCC}}{\rm{LCC}} = 0.77\pm0.38\cdot\frac{\Delta q}{q}
\end{equation}
implying that $\rm{LCC}\propto q^\xi$ with $\xi=0.77\pm0.38$, where the
error is dominated by the uncertainty in $\Delta q/q$.
This is compatible, within the error, with a $q^{0.5}$ behaviour.
Such behaviour is expected, at least in clean air,
if $\rm{LCC} \propto n$, where n is the small ion concentration which is
expected to be limited mainly by recombination \cite{Mason}.

To study the detailed shape of the correlation shown in figure \ref{fig1}
the globally averaged LCC amount is plotted directly against the Climax neutron
counter monitor rate, $N_C$, in figure \ref{figsec}. The good correlation is evident.
Fits of the form
\begin{equation}
\rm{LCC}=\beta+\gamma N_C^{\alpha}
\label{fit}
\end{equation}
have been made. Here the first parameter, $\beta$, can be interpreted as a measure of the
LCC amount attributable to non-ionizing sources and the second term to ionizing sources.
If the part of the LCC amount which depends on ionization is proportional to the small
ion concentration, $n$, and $n\propto q^\xi$, the parameter $\alpha$
is related to $\xi$ by
$\alpha=a_1a_2\xi$, where $a_1=(\delta q/q)/(\delta N/N)$ and
$a_2=(\delta N/N)/(\delta N_C/N_C)$. \footnote{It can be seen that
$\delta q/q=a_1 a_2 \delta N_C/N_C$ which on integration gives $q\propto N_C^{a_1a_2}$
i.e. $q^\xi\propto N_C^{a_1a_2\xi}$.}
We take $\delta q/q=6\pm3\%$, the globally averaged solar modulation $\delta N/N=11\pm1\%$
(as discussed above) and the solar modulation measured for the Climax detector to
be $\delta N_C/N_C=19\%$, so that $a_1a_2=0.32\pm0.16$.

The data in figure \ref{figsec} are insufficient to determine
precisely the parameters, $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ separately.
Fits with different combinations of the parameters are equally good as measured by
the $\chi^2$. However, the value of $\chi^2$ rapidly becomes unacceptable when
$\beta$ is increased to a value corresponding to more than $70\%$ of the cloud
arising from non-ionizing sources, i.e. a fraction of at least $30\%$ comes
from ionization. The following argument also shows that
the latter fraction must be large.
The smooth curve in figure \ref{figsec} shows the fit with $\beta=0$
which gives $\alpha=0.17$ with a $\chi^2=148.9$ for 146 degrees of freedom and
a correlation coefficient of 0.54. The values of the parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$
and $\gamma$ are strongly correlated such that increasing values of $\alpha$ are
associated with increasing values of $\beta$ and decreasing values of $\gamma$.
The fits with $\alpha > 0.16$, corresponding to $\xi > 0.5$, give positive values of
$\beta$ while fits with  $\alpha < 0.16$, corresponding to values of $\xi <0.5$,
give negative values of $\beta$ which are unphysical. Assuming that it is
implausible that the LCC amount generated by ionization  varies faster than
linearly with $q$, i.e. $\xi < 1$, then $\alpha$ must be less than 0.48,
taking $\delta q/q$ at its upper limit of $9\%$. Such a value of $\alpha$
gives a fit with $\beta = 20\%$, implying that the fraction of the LCC
generated by sources other than ionization is less than 20/28=0.7 i.e. a
minimum fraction of 0.3 of the LCC amount is generated by ionization.
At $\xi=0.5$ the value of $\beta$ is compatible with zero. Hence assuming
$\xi$ lies in the range 0.5 to 1.0 the fraction of the LCC generated by
ionization lies somewhere between 1 and 0.3, respectively.

In summary, assuming that the correlation shown in figures \ref{fig1}
and \ref{figsec} is not accidental
a very large fraction of the LCC must be generated by ionization.
We now attempt to corroborate this assumption and this necessary deduction.

\section{Latitude dependence of `the effect'}
\label{lats}
It is well known that the magnitude of the CR time variation,
due to the 11 year solar cycle, varies with latitude.  More
accurately, it is a function of the VRCO, the reason being
that the geomagnetic field deflects away more low energy particles
as the geomagnetic equator (highest VRCO) is approached.
Since the CR flux increases rapidly as the primary energy decreases,
the solar
modulation becomes less severe as the VRCO increases towards
the geomagnetic equator. Hence, if the causal connection between
the CR ionization rate and LCC proposed in \cite{PBB,MS1} exists
with the necessary large fraction of the LCC produced by ionization
demonstrated above,
one would expect larger changes in LCC at low values of VRCO than
at high values.  Furthermore it is
known that there is a delay of some months between the
decrease in the CR intensity and the increase in the sun spot (SS)
number with the even numbered solar cycles showing smaller delays
than the odd numbered \cite{Kudela}. Note that the CR count rate
is anti-correlated to the SS number.

The observed dip in figure \ref{fig1} is similar to that
seen in \cite{PBB,MS1} between the years 1985 and 1995. However, the
expected rise in amplitude of this dip with decreasing VRCO is not
apparent.
To investigate the effect of the VRCO further and to check that the
above result was not due to a latitude dependent efficiency of the
cloud production mechanism, the LCC was determined in three
strips of latitude for the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the
Earth separately. The amplitude of the dip in solar cycle 22
was measured from the fit for each, as a function of VRCO. The dip
was visible in every subdivision.
Figure \ref{fig3} (upper panel) confirms that the amplitude
of the dip appears to be rather constant with VRCO rather than
increasing with the observed increase in CR modulation determined
as described above. Furthermore there is no discernible difference
between the Northern (where oceans are less dominant) and Southern
hemispheres (where oceans are more dominant).
Figure \ref{fig3} (lower panel) shows that
the measured value of the delay between the onset of
the dip and the change in SS number fluctuates randomly rather
than concentrates around a fixed delay (expected to be $-3$ months
for the CR increase in solar cycle 22). Each latitude band has a
median value compatible
with zero with an overall mean of $-0.9\pm1.6$ months,
where the error is the standard error determined from the
root mean square (RMS)
deviation of the measurements from the mean. This is
compatible with the onset of the increase in SS number but
somewhat earlier than the arrival time of the CR increase
($-3$ months). Hence there is a somewhat better time correlation
between the start of the dip and onset of the increase in the
SS number than with the change in the CR rate, although
the error is too large to be conclusive.

Neither the amplitude variation with VRCO nor the arrival times
shown in figure \ref{fig3} corroborate the claim of a full causal
connection between CR ionization rate and the LCC anomaly. We proceed
to set a limit on any contribution from a partial correlation.

We attempt to quantify the part of the dip related to changes
in the CR ionization rate and that related to other sources which
are independent of the ionization rate, as follows. The change in LCC
during the solar cycle, $\Delta \rm{LCC}$, can be decomposed into a
part which is dependent on the change in the ionization rate $\Delta \rm{LCC}_I$
and a part due to other mechanisms correlated with solar activity
but not directly due to ionization, $\Delta\rm{LCC}_S$, i.e.
$\Delta \rm{LCC}=\Delta\rm{LCC}_I+\Delta\rm{LCC}_S$.
Differentiation shows that $\Delta\rm{LCC}_I=\kappa dN/N$.
where $\kappa=Ndg(N)/dN$ with
$g(N)$ the functional dependence of the LCC on the ionization
rate as measured by the neutron monitor rate, $N$. The function $Ndg(N)/dN$
is slowly  varying with $N$ for reasonable functions, $g(N)$, over the range of
changes of $\delta N/N$ during the solar cycle, so that $\kappa$ is approximately
constant.  For example, if $\rm{LCC} \propto n \propto q^\xi \propto N^{a\xi}$
where $a=(\delta q/q)/(\delta N/N) \sim 0.5$ (see above) and $\xi\sim 0.5$,
$\kappa$ will change by $\sim 5\%$ as $\delta N/N$ changes from 0 to 0.2.
From this it can be seen that the dip depth may be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\Delta\rm{LCC}=\Delta\rm{LCC}_S+\kappa \delta N/N
\end{equation}
where $\kappa$ can be treated as a constant.

We use this to identify the part of the
distribution in the upper panel of figure \ref{fig3} which
correlates with the CR modulation. A fit was performed of the shape
of the neutron modulation variation (the correlated part) and a
constant term (the uncorrelated part) to the measurements. The fit
gave the fraction of the distribution correlated with the neutron
modulation to be $0.02\pm0.13~$ i.e. compatible with zero
with a value of $\chi^2=17.8$  for 16 degrees of freedom. From
this it is deduced that less than $23\%$ of the distribution, at
the 95$\%$ confidence level, belongs to the part correlated with the
CR modulation and more than $77\%$ belongs to the other sources
correlated to solar activity but not directly to the change in
ionization rate.  These limits are incompatible with a large part of the
change in the LCC during solar cycle 22 being produced by a change in
ionization and so they do not corroborate the hypothesis of such a
change proposed in \cite{PBB,MS1}. The correlation seen in figures \ref{fig1}
and \ref{figsec}, if real, must be due to an effect, other than ionization,
which is correlated with solar activity.

This upper limit represents a limit on the fraction of the globally averaged
dip in the LCC seen in solar cycle 22 which is caused by CR ionization.
There could be local changes from this ionization such as those reported
in \cite{uso} which, from the above upper limit, must contribute less than
a fraction of $23\%$ to the globally averaged dip.

\section{Sporadic Changes in Cosmic Ray activity}
\label{searches}

Rapid changes in CR intensity occur from time to time. These take the
form of large intensity  increases, so called ground level events (GLE),
or smaller decreases in intensity (Forbush decreases) \cite{Forbush}.
Such changes of intensity usually last for periods from a few hours to
days and sometimes longer in the case of Forbush events. A survey has
been given in \cite{Velinov}. These changes present an opportunity to
test for LCC - CR correlations since if the causal connection proposed
in \cite{PBB,MS1} exists one would expect to see changes in the LCC
at the times of these events. The causal connection implies an increase
(decrease) in LCC following a GLE (Forbush decrease) and we
assume that such changes occur in times shorter than days.

There were 3 very large GLEs during the time span of the ISCCP cloud data (1985-2005),
each lasting several hours. The event on 29 September 1989 was clearly seen in both
the CR neutron and muon monitors \cite{duldig}. The peak intensity neutron monitor
enhancement in this event was observed to change from four times the steady state
value for neutron monitors with VRCO close to zero down to 1.17 times the steady state
value at a VRCO of 11.5 GV while the muon monitors varied from 1.4 \cite{duldig} to
1.08 times the steady state value in the same range of VRCO.
The other two events (on 24 Oct 1989 and on 20 Jan 2005) had similarly large
neutron monitor signals but they did not produce visible signals in the Nagoya
muon monitor\cite{Nagoya}. The global LCC
averages as a function of time were reconstructed from the ISCCP D1 data, which
are 3 hour averages rather than the monthly averages of the D2 data, at times before
and after each of the three GLEs. There were no visible anomalous changes in
these global averages following each GLE where an increase of more than $2\%$ would
have appeared anomalous. It is difficult to make quantitative estimates of the expected
changes in the LCC, according to the hypothesis of \cite{PBB,MS1}, from such events since
the amount of ionization produced by them is unknown. One can only conclude that the
events do not provide corroborative evidence for the causal connection between cloud
cover and ionization proposed in \cite{PBB,MS1,MS3} even though the changes in the
neutron monitor rate were very large.

The larger Forbush decreases during the time span of the ISCCP data (1984-2005)
have been examined to see if they could be correlated with changes in the LCC.
Most of these give relatively small changes in the CR intensity compared to
the 11 year solar cycle modulation. Similar changes in the rates
in the Nagoya muon detector \cite{Nagoya} were observed to those in a
neutron monitor at the same VRCO.
The globally averaged cloud cover change was taken as the difference between
the LCC, using the ISCCP D2 data, in the month of the decrease and the average
of the 3 preceding months. For some large shorter duration events the D1 data
were used, taking the difference between the average LCC during 14 days
before the event and seven days after.
Figure \ref{GLEFOR} shows the change in the LCC anomaly for each Forbush decrease
plotted against the change in the Oulu neutron monitor count rate averaged
over the duration of the decrease. The data below an Oulu count rate change of $9\%$,
which is roughly half the solar modulation during solar cycle 22, are too
statistically imprecise to be conclusive. The statistical errors were determined
from the RMS deviation of these points about the mean. However, the four points above
a  counting rate change of $9\%$ have a mean LCC anomaly change of $0.68\pm0.45\%$.
This is compatible with the dashed line showing no correlation between the LCC and
CR rate changes but it is 2.8 standard deviations above the value of $-0.6\%$ expected
had there been a correlation similar to that seen in figure \ref{figsec}.

A further attempt was made to correlate monthly fluctuations in the neutron monitor rates
with those in the LCC. For each of the LCC and Climax neutron monitor monthly averages
a linear extrapolation from 7 of the measurements was made to the eighth. The
fluctuation was then taken to be the difference between the eighth measurement and
the extrapolated value. The regression line fitted to the plot of fluctuations in the
LCC against the fluctuations in the Climax data had the form
$\Delta \rm{LCC}=-0.0098\pm0.019 \Delta N_C/N_C$, with correlation coefficient -0.03
indicating a poor correlation. Here $\Delta \rm{N_C/N_C}$ in per cent is the fluctuation
in the Climax count rate.   If the dip in LCC shown in figure \ref{fig1} is due to ionization
from cosmic rays as hypothesised in \cite{PBB,MS1}, the curve fitted to the data in
figure \ref{figsec} would predict that this line should have the form
$\Delta \rm{LCC}=-0.048 \Delta \rm{N_C/N_C}$ i.e. a slope which is 2 standard
deviations greater than that obtained from these fluctuations.

In conclusion, it is statistically improbable that the Forbush decreases
are compatible with the hypothesis of a correlation between LCC and ionization
as proposed in \cite{PBB,MS1}. Hence Forbush decreases do not provide
evidence which can be used to corroborate
such a hypothesis.  There have been previous reports of observations of correlations
between cloud cover and Forbush decreases \cite{Harrison,Vere}. These seem to
be incompatible with our observations although the statistical precision of the
data is not powerful.

\section{Conclusions}
The dip in amplitude of $1.28\%$ in the low altitude cloud cover
noted in references \cite{PBB,MS1} in solar cycle 22 (peaking in 1990)
has also been seen in this analysis. This dip anti-correlates in
shape with the observed mean daily sun spot number i.e. correlates
with the change in cosmic ray intensity due to solar modulation.
The dip is less evident in the following solar cycle 23 although it is
possibly present in the tropical regions of the Earth. If the
correlation noted in \cite{PBB,MS1} and its hypothesised causal
connection between low cloud cover and ionization are real, it is shown
that the magnitude of the effect implies that a large
fraction of the low cloud cover is formed by ionization. However, no
evidence could be found of changes in the cloud cover from
known changes in the cosmic ray ionization rate.

In conclusion, no corroboration of the claim of a causal connection
between the changes in ionization and cloud cover, made in \cite{PBB,MS1},
could be found in this investigation. From the distribution of the depth
of the dip in solar cycle 22 with geomagnetic latitude (the VRCO)
we find that, averaged over the whole Earth, less than 23$\%$
of the dip comes from the solar modulation of the
cosmic ray intensity, at the 95$\%$ confidence level.
This implies that, if the dip represents a real correlation, more
than $77\%$ of it is caused by a source other than ionization
and this source must be correlated with solar activity.

\section{Acknowledgment}
We wish to thank the WDC for Cosmic Rays (Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory, Nagoya University) for their compilation of the Cosmic-Ray Neutron
Data (CAWSESDB-J-OB0061) \cite{Watanabe}.  This database was constructed as a
part of CAWSES Space Weather International Collaborative Research Database
in Japan. We also thank the Cosmic Ray section for the provision of the data
from the Nagoya Muon Telescope \cite{Nagoya}. In addition we thank the
ISCCP \cite{ISCCP} for the provision of the cloud data. We are grateful
to the referees of the paper for their thoughtful comments which helped
us to improve it considerably. We also thank A. Erlykin and R.G. Harrison
for helpful discussions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Гран-прі Монако 2017 (офіційно Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2017) — автоперегони чемпіонату світу Формули-1, які пройшли 28 травня  на Міській трасі Монте-Карло в Монако, в округах Ла-Кондамін та Монте-Карло. Це шостий етап чемпіонату світу, сімдесят п'яте Гран-прі Монако в історії та шістдесят четверті перегони в межах Чемпіонату Світу з Формули-1.

Кімі Ряйкконен розпочав гонку з Поул-позиції. Це 17 поул для Кімі і перший після Гран-прі Франції 2008. Він став володарем рекорду з найдовшої перерви між поулами, 129 Гран-прі, в історії Формули 1. Перемогу здобув Себастьян Феттель, це перша перемога Ferrari з 2001.

Фернандо Алонсо пропустив Гран-прі Монако. Замість цього він взяв участь в Індіанаполіс 500 в команді Andretti Autosport. Дженсон Баттон замінив Алонсо під час Гран-прі.

Класифікація

Примітки
  — Дженсон Баттон отримує 15 штрафних позицій за заміну компонентів двигуна.
  — Стоффель Вандорн отримав три штрафні позиції за зіткнення із Феліпе Масса під час Гран-прі Іспанії.

Перегони

Примітки
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  — Пілоти, що не фінішували на гран-прі, але були класифіковані, оскільки подолали понад 90 % дистанції.
  — Дженсон Баттон стартував з Піт-лейну.
  — Паскаль Верляйн отримав п'ятисекундний штраф за небезпечний випуск з-під стопу.

Положення в чемпіонаті після Гран-прі

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 Примітка: Тільки 5 позицій включені в обидві таблиці.

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2017 в Монако

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Error while trying to import Array._ and import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._ in Spark Scala I was running below code,
import Array._
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

df.withColumn(name, concat(substring(col(name),1,4),substring(col(name),6,2), substring(col(name),9,2) ))

and getting an import error,
Error:(188, 26) reference to concat is ambiguous;
it is imported twice in the same scope by
import Array._
and import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
     df.withColumn(name, concat(substring(col(name),1,4),substring(col(name),6,2), substring(col(name),9,2) ))

How can I overcome this ? I need to use both the imports.

A: Scala Array class contains method concat
and spark sql object org.apache.spark.sql.functions contains method concat
If you need to import both concats use alias:
import Array.{concat => concatArray}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Marco Ciotti, owner of Ultra Coach, a Fort Lauderdale firm that builds tour buses for stars of rock, country and hip-hop, including their current project, making a bus for a summer-fall tour by entertainment royalty Beyonce' and Jay-Z. July 11, 2018. Staff Photo by Jim Rassol.
Workers clean up at Ultra Coach, a Fort Lauderdale firm that builds tour buses for stars of rock, country and hip-hop, including their current project, making a bus for a summer-fall tour by entertainment royalty Beyonce' and Jay-Z. July 11, 2018. Staff Photo by Jim Rassol.
Ultra Coach, a Fort Lauderdale firm that builds tour buses for stars of rock, country and hip-hop, is currently building a bus for a summer-fall tour by entertainment royalty Beyoncé and Jay-Z. The pressure in building million-dollar coaches for celebrities is high and the deadlines are tight. This project is no different, with delivery scheduled by the end of July.


text:
Q: UISearchBar within a UIToolbar won't show cancel button I have a UISearchBar nested as a UIBarButtonItem within a UIToolbar.  The basic functionality works, but the cancel button and the scope bar refuse to display.  I've tried enabling them in the interface builder, and I've also tried manually calling [searchBar setShowsCancelButton:YES], but neither method works.  Any ideas?
This is on an iPad.  I tried in iOS 3, and it doesn't work in 4.2, either.

A: You've simply hit a limitation on how UISearchBar works. One workaround is to layer the UISearchBar over the UIToolbar rather than having it genuinely live in the toolbar. This works visually because a search bar is painted just like a toolbar - their gradients are the same.

A: You need to wrap the UISearchBar with another view.
UISearchBar *searchBar = [UISearchBar new];
UIView *searchBarContainer = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:searchBar.frame];
[searchBarContainer addSubview:searchBar];
UIBarButtonItem *searchBarItem =
    [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:searchBarContainer];

A: is it really necessary to ever use a Cancel button in a search bar? Just use the textDidChange method to see if the string has been cleared and use that to do the same thing the cancel would.


text:
Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector
K. Ejiri, Hiroshi Toyama, Y. Kato, T. Narita, G. Takeshita, A. Takeuchi, S. Koga
To evaluate the system performance, several preoperational fundamental tests of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out. Spatial resolutions (FWHM) measured with the point-spread functions of a 99mTc line source were 12.5 mm with a high resolution (HR) collimator and 17.2 mm with a high sensitivity (HS) collimator respectively. Slice thicknesses (FWHM) obtained from the profile curves of slice images were 17.5 mm (HR) and 29.0 mm (HS) at the center of rotation. System sensitivities were 5.4 kcps/slice (HR) and 27.8 kcps/slice (HS). Uniformities calculated from the SPECT images of a pool phantom were 4.7% (HR) and 2.7% (HS) at the condition of 3,000 kcounts to be acquired. SPECT images of the HEADTOME SET-031 were considered very useful to diagnose the cerebrovascular disease.
Radioisotopes
https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
collimators
point spread functions
Ejiri, K., Toyama, H., Kato, Y., Narita, T., Takeshita, G., Takeuchi, A., & Koga, S. (1988). Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector. Radioisotopes, 37(1), 35-38. https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
Ejiri, K. ; Toyama, Hiroshi ; Kato, Y. ; Narita, T. ; Takeshita, G. ; Takeuchi, A. ; Koga, S. / Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector. In: Radioisotopes. 1988 ; Vol. 37, No. 1. pp. 35-38.
@article{aefecf3e13fc42c8b14c95011bc89ba0,
title = "Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector",
abstract = "To evaluate the system performance, several preoperational fundamental tests of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out. Spatial resolutions (FWHM) measured with the point-spread functions of a 99mTc line source were 12.5 mm with a high resolution (HR) collimator and 17.2 mm with a high sensitivity (HS) collimator respectively. Slice thicknesses (FWHM) obtained from the profile curves of slice images were 17.5 mm (HR) and 29.0 mm (HS) at the center of rotation. System sensitivities were 5.4 kcps/slice (HR) and 27.8 kcps/slice (HS). Uniformities calculated from the SPECT images of a pool phantom were 4.7{\%} (HR) and 2.7{\%} (HS) at the condition of 3,000 kcounts to be acquired. SPECT images of the HEADTOME SET-031 were considered very useful to diagnose the cerebrovascular disease.",
author = "K. Ejiri and Hiroshi Toyama and Y. Kato and T. Narita and G. Takeshita and A. Takeuchi and S. Koga",
doi = "10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35",
journal = "Radioisotopes",
publisher = "Japan Radioisotope Association",
Ejiri, K, Toyama, H, Kato, Y, Narita, T, Takeshita, G, Takeuchi, A & Koga, S 1988, 'Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector', Radioisotopes, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 35-38. https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector. / Ejiri, K.; Toyama, Hiroshi; Kato, Y.; Narita, T.; Takeshita, G.; Takeuchi, A.; Koga, S.
In: Radioisotopes, Vol. 37, No. 1, 01.01.1988, p. 35-38.
T1 - Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector
AU - Ejiri, K.
AU - Toyama, Hiroshi
AU - Kato, Y.
AU - Narita, T.
AU - Takeshita, G.
AU - Takeuchi, A.
AU - Koga, S.
N2 - To evaluate the system performance, several preoperational fundamental tests of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out. Spatial resolutions (FWHM) measured with the point-spread functions of a 99mTc line source were 12.5 mm with a high resolution (HR) collimator and 17.2 mm with a high sensitivity (HS) collimator respectively. Slice thicknesses (FWHM) obtained from the profile curves of slice images were 17.5 mm (HR) and 29.0 mm (HS) at the center of rotation. System sensitivities were 5.4 kcps/slice (HR) and 27.8 kcps/slice (HS). Uniformities calculated from the SPECT images of a pool phantom were 4.7% (HR) and 2.7% (HS) at the condition of 3,000 kcounts to be acquired. SPECT images of the HEADTOME SET-031 were considered very useful to diagnose the cerebrovascular disease.
AB - To evaluate the system performance, several preoperational fundamental tests of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out. Spatial resolutions (FWHM) measured with the point-spread functions of a 99mTc line source were 12.5 mm with a high resolution (HR) collimator and 17.2 mm with a high sensitivity (HS) collimator respectively. Slice thicknesses (FWHM) obtained from the profile curves of slice images were 17.5 mm (HR) and 29.0 mm (HS) at the center of rotation. System sensitivities were 5.4 kcps/slice (HR) and 27.8 kcps/slice (HS). Uniformities calculated from the SPECT images of a pool phantom were 4.7% (HR) and 2.7% (HS) at the condition of 3,000 kcounts to be acquired. SPECT images of the HEADTOME SET-031 were considered very useful to diagnose the cerebrovascular disease.
U2 - 10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
DO - 10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
JO - Radioisotopes
JF - Radioisotopes
Ejiri K, Toyama H, Kato Y, Narita T, Takeshita G, Takeuchi A et al. Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector. Radioisotopes. 1988 Jan 1;37(1):35-38. https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35
10.3769/radioisotopes.37.35

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Creating a HTML5 slideshow sounds like it would be difficult right? Well, it could be if you started coding from scratch. What if I told you that it can be done by simply uploading a few images and choosing a few ready-made effects? Would you really believe it could be done without writing a single line of code? Prepare to have your mind blown by what we call the magic banner.
Click on the Media icon in the main AdvertServe tool bar and then click on the Create New Media link.
Next you will want to go through the usual steps of entering a name for your banner and selecting the advertiser.
Next we need to upload the image for the first frame, which we can do by clicking on the file folder icon above the Foreground Image URL field. As you can see I have also entered a Redirect URL and selected Puff for the Image Transition Effect to produce a nice entrance effect.
Then I repeat this process to add three additional frames, but for these I choose Fade for the Image Transition Effect to make for a smooth transition between frames.
Then finally we can press the Create and Preview Media button.
You should see your slideshow start playing and it will play as many times as you specified with the Max Animation Loops option.
Hopefully you enjoyed seeing just how easy it can be to create a HTML5 slideshow banner. Hungry for more? As you might have noticed, the magic banner has 60 transition effects so play around with some different combinations and see what you can come up with! You can also learn a lot more from our built-in templates, which we introduced in the previous tutorial in this series.


text:
The Run-Away, Run-Back Problem Child: Coming Home to Grace, Mercy, and Love
by Jean Wilund | Mar 29, 2019 | Blog
The elementary school around the corner called. Our problem child was at it again.
Our two-year old Siberian Husky loved her freedom. She'd busted out of our fenced-in back yard and was tearing across the school playground.
Just like the day before. And the day before that.
To Princess, the children looked like a hundred little playmates. To the terrified little playmates, Princess looked like a wolf.
The children's shrieks prodded her on. The ensuing game of chase with the teachers sealed the deal. The elementary schoolyard was the best place to play.
Princess was never a danger to anyone except cats. But she was quick. And she only did what she wanted.
She never wanted to be caught.
"Grab your coats, kids, and some deli meat out of the fridge. We have to go get Princess."
My four-year old tromped out the door with the meat and a heavy sigh. "I wish we had a run-away, run-back doggie."
"Me, too, honey. Me, too."
The Run-Away, Run-Back Son
Recently, my thoughts returned to our run-away, never-run-back Princess while teaching the Dayschool children the parable of The Run-Away, Run-Back Son and His Grumpy Older Brother (Luke 15:11-32).
In this parable, the younger son told his father he wanted his inheritance. Now.
He basically said, "Father, I wish you were dead."
In the culture of that day, he should've braced himself for a slap. He'd rejected his father. His father must now reject him.
To the shock and outrage of Jesus' listeners, Jesus took the parable in a different direction. Instead of exchanging wounds, the father laid down his right to slap his son. Out of his great love, he absorbed the rejection, gave him his inheritance, and let him leave.
The son walked away as good as dead. And happy about it, because he was free.
Finally. Free.
Until reality slapped him with the truth.
The run-away son's inheritance dried up from wild living. His friends, fun, and freedom dried up with it. And then the land did, too.
His hunger drove him to the lowest place a Jewish man could plummet – scavenging food from the pigs he slopped.
He'd believed the illusion that taking his inheritance and leaving his father meant no one would ever control him again.
Illusions seem so real.
The truth was that even if he were to rise to the highest throne on earth, he'd still be controlled. If no man controlled him, the laws of nature still would, as would his passions and his pride.
They had driven him far from the father who loved him.
As the son fought the pigs for their garbage meal, his mind raced back to his father. The father who'd loved him — despite his humiliating rejection.
The father he hoped would let him come home.
He wouldn't dare ask to be his son again. That was over. He was dead. He'd chosen that. But perhaps he could come home as a servant.
While he was still a long way off, his father saw him. And ran. This Middle Eastern father ran.
Middle Eastern fathers never run.
It was unthinkable. Undignified. Their legs would flash skin.
The social prohibition not to run was such an imbedded part of Middle Eastern culture, the ancient Arabic translations of the Bible didn't use the word for run. It chose the words hurried or hastened.
But this father didn't hurry or hasten. He ran.
He ran to reach his son before his son reached the scorn-filled eyes of the villagers. Before anyone could heap contempt upon his son. He ignored the rules, hiked up his robe, and ran like he could turn back time and heal every wound with each step. He didn't stop running until he'd fallen on his son's neck and kissed him.
He didn't wait for a repentance speech. Or wallowing. He welcomed his son into his arms. Into his grace and mercy. And back into his love.
Then he called for his servants.
"Quickly bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet; and bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let us eat and celebrate;for this son of mine was dead and has come to life again; he was lost and has been found" (Luke 15:22-24).
Oh, to be found, forgiven, and loved.
Unforgiveable
Our neighbor called. Our problem child was at it again.
But this time, Princess had gotten out and killed my cat.
Unforgivable. That's what she was. Unforgivable.
Me? Devastated, angry, and vengeful. I was Unforgiving. I was unlike like the father.
I didn't want to welcome her into grace and mercy. I didn't want to run to her and kiss her neck. I wanted to ring it. I was done.
So I shipped her off. I sent Princess to a new home far from us.
The children's tears and my steely unforgiveness reminded me what a wretch I am.
Princess had simply been true to her nature. And I'd been true to mine. To my old one. Never mind that in Christ, I've been given a new nature. The old sinful one had risen up and taken control.
Praise God, my heavenly Father remains ever true to His unchanging nature.
He moves and works in wretched hearts like the run-away son's. And mine.
He opens our eyes to see ourselves as we really are. To see the Father as He really is.
He draws us and places a gnawing hunger into our hearts to come home.
And then He runs.
He sees us while we're still far off. And He runs.
He runs to embrace us with forgiveness. To kiss our necks and bring us home into His grace, mercy, and love. Forever.
let us eat and celebrate;
for this son of mine was dead
and has come to life again;
he was lost and has been found.
What has seeing the pure nature of the Father's love revealed to you about your own nature, about your love? How is God calling you to respond to His love? To His example of forgiveness?
PS —
We sent Princess to live on a farm with a family who loved and owned five other Siberian Huskies. She could run to her hearts content and wear herself out playing with the other dogs. It was the best possible resolution for both Princess and our family. We had taken her in from a family who was moving to Cambodia. I treasure the many wonderful memories we had of our time with her, but even our best efforts couldn't contain her. She snuck out continually and had killed other cats in the neighborhood. Her enthusiasm was simply bigger than our spacious back yard, and her intelligence put our fences to shame.
There's nothing better than coming home to grace, mercy, and love! (And a Siberian Husky to show the way) #Godslove #forgiveness Click To Tweet
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text:
Bob Moses, Civil Rights Leader And Longtime Educator, Dies At 86
By Dustin Jones,
Emma Bowman
Published July 25, 2021 at 11:41 PM EDT
Robert "Bob" Moses led Black voter registration drives in the South during the 1964 Freedom Summer effort and later, founded a math training program to educate students in underfunded public schools.
Civil rights leader Robert "Bob" Moses, a soft-spoken and self-effacing grassroots organizer who championed Black voting rights, died on Sunday at age 86.
Born and raised in Harlem, N.Y., Moses went to the South to join the nascent fight for civil rights in the early 1960s, ultimately becoming a central figure in the movement.
As a leader in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in deeply segregated Mississippi, Moses worked to hand political power to Black people through voting education and voter registration drives. He continued to push education to the forefront of the civil rights agenda when in the '80s he founded the Algebra Project, a math training program focused on empowering students from underfunded public schools and poor communities.
"Throughout his life, Bob Moses bent the arc of the moral universe towards justice," said Derrick Johnson, head of the NAACP. "He was a strategist at the core of the voting rights movement and beyond. He was a giant. May his light continue to guide us as we face another wave of Jim Crow laws."
Algebra Project staff confirmed his death in a statement. No details were given about the cause of death.
Rogelio Solis / AP
Moses teaches an algebra class at Lanier High School in Jackson, Miss., in 1990.
In 1964, Moses orchestrated the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project, which drew hundreds of students from Northern colleges to Mississippi to help register voters across the state.
His enfranchisement efforts were often met with violence and threats from white residents and law enforcement officials and local officials. According to the National Archives and Records Administration, it's estimated that more than 1,000 people were arrested — many of whom were beaten — and 67 black owned businesses, churches and homes were bombed or set ablaze for their participation in that summer's movement; additionally, four civil rights workers were killed and at least three Black Mississippians were murdered.
The Freedom Summer initiative drew national awareness to the inequalities faced by Black Mississippians, helping to persuade President Lyndon Johnson to sign the Civil Rights Act that summer and, the following year, the Voting Rights Act.
Moses didn't stop there.
From 1969 to 1976, he taught mathematics in Tanzania in East Africa, the Algebra Project said. Upon returning to the United States, he went on to get his doctorate in philosophy from Harvard University, where he'd also earned his master's degree in the same field before heading to Mississippi.
Believing in math literacy as a critical part of a child's education, he started the Algebra Project in 1982 with funding from a MacArthur Fellowship. Moses worked to ensure students were able to graduate high school and go onto study math at the college level. It was his latest civil rights crusade, this time against the inequalities baked into the public education system.
"Education is still basically Jim Crow as far as the kids who are in the bottom economic strata of the country," Moses told NPR in 2013. "No one knows about them, no one cares about them."
Hundreds of American classrooms have taken part in his program's trainings.
Taylor Branch, a civil rights-era historian, previously told NPR that Moses' Northern background, quiet demeanor and philosophical education made him a "startling paradox" among the movement's well-known Southern and evangelical leaders: "I think his influence is almost on par with Martin Luther King, and yet he's almost totally unknown."
"He spoke quietly, he didn't give big sermons like Martin Luther King," Branch said in 2013. "He didn't seek out dramatic confrontations like the Freedom Riders and the sit-ins, but he did inspire a broad range of grassroots leadership."
Dustin Jones
Dustin Jones is a reporter for NPR's digital news desk. He mainly covers breaking news, but enjoys working on long-form narrative pieces.
See stories by Emma Bowman


text:
The Charming History of Burano Lace
by Madison Starnes • March 19, 2018 • Info • 0 Comments
With the decadence surrounding Venice throughout its history, fine goods have become an important part of Venetian culture, especially in their craftsmanship. One such luxury commodity is the exquisite and complex art form of Burano Lace. This lace, too, has a rich history. The most famous legend explaining the tradition of lace-making on the island of Burano comes from a tale of an ancient fisherman engaged to his beloved having to set sail just before their wedding day. While at sea, he was stopped by a siren attempting to enchant and seduce him with her song. However, the fisherman was not swayed and stayed true to his fiancée. This so impressed the siren that she decided to give him a gift and flicked her tail against his boat, causing an intricate web of sea foam to form. Upon his return home, he gifted the foam to his soon-to-be-wife so she could use it as her veil, which inspired the women of Burano to re-create the pattern in thread, a pattern now lovingly referred to as "mermaid's tail"(Burano Island Official Website).
While this sweet story is far-fetched, it captures the charm of Burano quite appropriately. The bright houses marking the island were intended for the fisherman to be able to easily spot their way home after a long day at sea, and the tradition of lace making is more convincingly a skill the wives picked up while they waited for their husbands to return, stemming from long hours mending fishing nets (Zwack 1).
Lace making grew in popularity around the 15th century at the height of the renaissance. The intricate lace was incredibly time consuming to produce, requiring between five to ten women, each responsible for a different stitch and step (Zwack 2), and therefore an extreme luxury and status symbol. Lace was donned by noblemen, priests, and the like in all sorts of ways like elaborate collars and even carnivale masks. The Doge's wife was a patron for the art form, with its popularity reaching even to the coronation of Richard III where Queen Anne wore a Burano lace mantle, and Catherine de' Medici commissioning lace linens (Zwack 1). However, the popularity of the lace eventually faded, although it still has a place on the island by being passed down through the generations and kept alive through projects like the Museo Merletto (lace museum), which was built in the old lace school that ran from 1872 to 1970 (Burano Island).
Because the lace is so difficult and lengthy to produce, it has become a victim of counterfeiting and false advertising with a lot of the lace being machine made and/or shipped in from china. Handmade lace often has quirks or slight "imperfections" and machine made lace will look as such. To avoid purchasing an imitation, recommedations include the "store and atelier of Martina Vidal in the Palazzo dei Pittori in Burano (its address is Sotoportego dei Preti 3600/A)"(Glass of Venice) as well as the Dalla Lidia (Lace Gallery) at Via Baldassarre Galuppi, 215, 30142 Venezia VE, Italy (Made by Mermaids).
"Burano Lace." Burano Island – Official Website, www.isoladiburano.it/en/lace.html.
"Fabric for a King Made by Mermaids: Burano Lace." The Official Globe Trekker Website, www.pilotguides.com/articles/fabric-for-a-king-made-by-mermaids-burano-lace/.
"The Best Gifts To Bring Home From Venice." Murano Glass, www.glassofvenice.com/blog/2016/10/the-best-gifts-to-bring-home-from-venice/.
Zwack, Anne Marshall. "SHOPPER'S WORLD; Splendor of a Fading Venetian Art." New York Times, search-proquest-com.ezproxy.callutheran.edu/docview/426365686/fulltext/24EAA8F722044F40PQ/1?accountid=9839.
Zwack, Anne Marshall. "Burano's Legacy: Artistry in Lace." New York Times, 16 Aug. 1987, p. 12, search-proquest-com.ezproxy.callutheran.edu/docview/110654953/pageviewPDF/824D141B352C4A3BPQ/1?accountid=9839.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burano_Museo_Merletto.jpg
https://pixabay.com/en/burano-italy-boat-82766/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1911_Britannica_-_Lace_19.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burano_dentelliere.JPG
About Madison Starnes


text:
Crowder advances on-campus alcohol sales for foundation fundraisers
The Joplin Globe
NEOSHO, Mo. — For the first time, Crowder College is considering allowing alcohol consumption on its campuses across the region, but only for when the Crowder College Foundation is hosting fundraising events.
The college's Board of Trustees approved the first reading of the policy during its regular meeting on June 24.
"This is the first time we've considered anything like this,"
Cart rental fee increase, alcohol sales aproved by Neosho council
NEOSHO, Mo. — The Neosho Municipal Golf Course received the most attention during Tuesday's regular meeting of the Neosho City Council. Council members approved the first...
The Joplin Globe 2019-07-06
WNMU seeks third campus liquor license
Western New Mexico University is in the process of obtaining a governmental liquor license for use in their Brancheau PE Complex and Amphitheater facility. WNMU already has...
Silver City Daily Press 2019-07-01
Governor signs N.C. law to allow alcohol sales at state university stadiums
RALEIGH — UNC System schools can now sell alcohol in their stadiums and arenas. Gov. Roy Cooper on Wednesday signed House Bill 389. The new law goes into effect immediately...
News & Record 2019-06-27
Voters in northeast Mississippi town approve alcohol sales
HOUSTON, Miss. (AP) — Residents of a northeast Mississippi city are overwhelmingly approving the sale of beer, wine and liquor. City officials in Houston tell news outlets...
Kentucky New Era 2019-07-10
Pirates plan for alcohol sales, seek approval
Representatives from concessions vendor Aramark and East Carolina athletics already have had discussions about the prospect of selling alcohol to the general public in ECU stadiums this year in anticipation of the ECU Board of Trustees discussing the issue and possibly approving it today. N.C. State's board made a unanimous approval Wednesday, opening up their beer and wine...
WSCC earns fundraising recognition
Walters State Community College has been recognized for excellence in fundraising by the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. "Walters State has not only demonstrated the highest level of professionalism and best practices in their fundraising efforts, they have contributed to the betterment of educational advancement worldwide by serving as a model," said Sue...
Crowder College manufacturing camp teaches teens value of innovation, entrepreneurship
NEOSHO, Mo. — Teens involved in a summer camp at Crowder College this week are learning the ins and outs of manufacturing while also gaining basic entrepreneurial skills. This is the second year for Crowder College's Camp AMPED, which stands for "Advanced Manufacturing Product Entrepreneurial Design." It's part of a national program developed by Nuts, Bolts & Thingamajigs, the...
ECU votes to sell alcohol at athletic events
GREENVILLE — East Carolina Pirates fans can carry their tailgate parties into Dowdy-Ficklen Stadium this football season. The ECU Board of Trustees voted unanimously on Friday to approve the sale of beer and wine at athletic events, making it the fourth UNC university to adopt the new policy. ECU's goal is to sell alcohol in the football stadium and at Minges Colliseum for...
News & Record
COLLEGE BRIEFS: N.C. State approves alcohol sales at athletic events
RALEIGH — After House Bill 389 was approved by the state senate and signed into law by Gov. Roy Cooper recently, N.C. State on Wednesday became the first college in the state to officially approve the sale of beer and wine at athletic events. The bill last month cleared the way for the policy change, but each school within the UNC system then has to also decide whether it will...
The Morganton News Herald
Georgia Southern University foundations merge to enhance student success
Home > Press Releases > Georgia Southern University foundations merge to enhance student success July 8, 2019 The Armstrong Foundation of Georgia Southern University, Inc. has merged with, and into, the Georgia Southern University Foundation, Inc., effective July 1. This strategic consolidation of foundation resources will streamline fundraising systems while honoring the...
Public Technologies


text:
Q: HTML and JSF PrimeFaces - Why actionListener doesn't execute when onClick is present? I'm using HTML and JSF Primefaces, for this part of the System, PrimeFaces are not enabled (don't know why), the matter is:
I have a button
<h:commandButton id="btnPrint"
    onclick = "switchDisabled();"
    actionListener="#{componentTrackingController.printReport()}"
    value="Print Report"
/>

onClick its executing and working well (it just disables some other buttons)
but actionListener is not. The fact is that when I delete the "onClick" line, actionsListener works fine.
My JavaScript Code is simple (but I think the problem is not here)
<script type="text/javascript">

    function switchDisabled(){
        askDisabled(document.getElementById('mainForm:cboURdependences'));
        askDisabled(document.getElementById('mainForm:btnPrint'));
        askDisabled(document.getElementById('mainForm:btnCloseReport'));
    }

    function askDisabled(elem){
        if (elem.disabled != true){
            elem.disabled = true;
        }else{
            elem.disabled = false;
        }
    }

</script>

A: I'm not familiar with jsf/PrimeFaces but per this question: Primefaces onclick and onsuccess differences
Try using "oncomplete":
<h:commandButton id="btnPrint"
    oncomplete = "switchDisabled();"
    actionListener="#{componentTrackingController.printReport()}"
    value="Print Report"
/>

From PrimeFaces documentation (3.5):

oncomplete: Javascript handler to execute when ajax request is completed.

A: As per my comment, it's doing it instantly.
There are a few ways you could fix this, (the ajax hook) or setTimeout in javascript.
<h:commandButton id="btnPrint"
    onclick = "setTimeout(function(){ switchDisabled() }, 1000);"
    actionListener="#{componentTrackingController.printReport()}"
    value="Print Report"
/>

This binds a timout to call your switchDisabled tag in 1 second (1000ms) - thus your ajax etc should of already been run and it binds it, you'll find you can probably change it to 500 or something even less, but you dont want it to fire it before your submit is called.
Refer to: http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_settimeout.asp
for more information


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text:
Chairman at Inivata
Inivata is in the vanguard of new models of healthcare decision support. Its creation was made possible by the convergence of information processing power, next generation sequencing and a leading edge understanding of the genetics of cancer.
It was about to raise a second and third round in quick succession to move on to its next phase of clinical product development and early commercialisation in the US. The business had progressed to the point the board wanted to appoint a Chairman who would help steer the company to reach its full potential.
In order to meet its strategic objectives, Inivata needed a Chairman with a unique blend of experience. They had to be strongly networked in both pharma and diagnostics with deep experience in oncology, fundraising and the commercialisation of novel products in the US and international markets, while being headquartered in Cambridge, UK.
Over 40 years of experience and 15 years of operating in the US biotechnology market to build Boards gave the UK team immediate access to a network of friends that made the search tractable.
Our knowledge and experience of the dramatically different renumeration packages expected by independent board members in the US and Europe allowed us to prepare and qualify both the company and the pool of candidates in advance, meaning all parties knew what was possible and had agreed what was acceptable before engaging with each other.
Our data driven due diligence process allowed us to quickly compare the transaction and market capitalisation history of candidates' previous companies, thus increasing the shareholders' confidence in their final choice. This led to a successful hire and has been reflected by an approximate eight-fold increase in company value since the appointment.


text:
Membership Criteria and Process
NACC Members
Nu Lambda Mu
NACC Curricular Guidelines (2015)
Donate to NACC
AccreditationN.A.C.C.2020-12-16T18:57:09+00:00
NACC Accreditation Process
NACC Accreditation fosters third sector academic programs worldwide, including nonprofit and nongovernmental studies and management, social entrepreneurship, social-purpose organizations leadership, and philanthropy studies and management, all with curriculum that places the civil sector at the center of the curricular perspective.
The NACC Accreditation Process fosters third sector academic programs world-wide, including nonprofit and NGO studies and management, social entrepreneurship, social-purpose organizations leadership, and philanthropy studies and management, all with curriculum which places the civil sector at the center of the curricular perspective.
The value to both existing and emerging third sector, nongovernmental, and related degree programs is that accreditation serves as a signal to prospective students and prospective faculty that a university has a well-developed program, while providing a brighter line than just guidelines in constructing a curriculum that specifically addresses our distinctive sector.
For a comprehensive understanding of the NACC Accreditation Process, please view the available resources and links found in the sidebar of this webpage.
Please review all of the information below before you apply for Accreditation.
FRAMING CONCEPTS FOR THE NACC ACCREDITATION PROCESS
NACC Accreditation will launch with the idea that a critical mass of dedicated research, instruction, and experience has reached sufficient density to underpin nonprofit and philanthropy centered academic programs and their curriculum. Evidence of this is found in the growing number of stand-alone nonprofit and philanthropy studies credit bearing degree programs offered by NACC member institutions and others.
The legitimacy of nonprofit/philanthropy-first epistemology arises with the processes and outcomes followed in the creation and content of the successive iterations of NACC Curricular Guidelines.
The term "Accreditation" is used as a nod to the current practices of the profession of higher education. It is meant as the process of identifying how a particular academic program aligns with the best thinking of our day, as reflected in the NACC Curricular Guidelines and Indicators of Quality Institutions. It is our goal and hope that this process remains focused on ensuring "truth in advertising" and while also serving as an ongoing forum for innovations in nonprofit/philanthropy learning.
Among the principles contributing to the ethos and spirit of the organizers of the NACC Curricular Guidelines that we are applying to the NACC Accreditation process are as follows:
A nonprofit/philanthropy-first philosophy and perspective. A nonprofit/philanthropy-first approach refers to research centered on the unique role and nature of the nonprofit and philanthropy sector institutions in civil society.
Affirmation by academic program leaders and participants in this accreditation process that the pedagogical subject matter in the major subject headers of the NACC Curricular Guidelines reflect the distinctive and autonomous character of the nonprofit and philanthropy sector institution forms from those of business and government. Also that the themes of volunteerism governance; mission fulfillment; advocacy, intermediation and facilitation in society; partnership; social enterprise and others are interwoven in the subject areas.
A broader-than-management nonprofit studies pedagogy. The criteria for program review and assessment will be full stand-alone degree programs utilizing terminology that synchronizes with the nomenclature and themes found in the NACC Curricular Guidelines.
This project will trend for the simplest and most transparent analytical tools and logics to validate a nonprofit/philanthropy first academic program's alignment with the NACC Curricular Guidelines. The approach will also use as guiding principles the following perspectives:
Take a reactive review standard rather than proscriptive to participating institutions seeking the imprimatur of the NACC;
Favor a consensus, non-confrontational process and outcome;
Endeavor to offer transparency in methods and in reporting of outcomes;
Provide opportunity and weight to participant context and explanation within the limits of brevity and clarity;
Validate a "truth in advertising" that academic programs accredited through the NACC process meet the criteria for content and quality framed by the NACC Curricular Guidelines.
NACC ACCREDITED PROGRAMS:
Arizona State University | Bachelor of Science in Nonprofit Leadership and Management
University of San Diego | Master of Arts in Nonprofit Leadership and Management
PILOT YEAR ONE, 2019-2025
Arizona State University | Master of Nonprofit Leadership & Management
Case Western Reserve University | Master of Nonprofit Organizations Program
Grand Valley State University | Master of Philanthropy & Nonprofit Leadership Program
Louisiana State University Shreveport | Master of Science in Nonprofit Administration Program
University of Oregon | Master of Nonprofit Management Program
Regis University | Master of Nonprofit Management Program
Seattle University | Master of Nonprofit Leadership
Sir John Cass Business School, part of City, University of London | Charities Master Programme
University of San Francisco School of Management | Master of Nonprofit Administration
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee | Master of Science in Nonprofit Management and Leadership
The Initial NACC Accreditation Application (Section 1: Intent to Undergo Accreditation) is now available. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, with the goal of completing the application process six months from the initial application being received.
We are excited to have you and your program move forward toward NACC Accreditation. We have designed the application process and portal so that it is easy and straightforward.
Before you initiate the application process, please review all of the information on this webpage and then we collect some key documents (PDFs) or web links ahead of time. This will save time as you are going through the application process. These documents are:
CV/Qualifications of professors who taught in the program over the last 2 years.
Curriculum plans, program guides, and/or course catalogues for the program to be accredited.
Syllabi and/or course summaries for all nonprofit classes taught in the program over the last 2 years.
In addition, we recommend you review the NACC Curricular Guidelines in advance as you will later be asked to "map" your curriculum according to these guidelines. Additional details about "curriculum mapping" can be found below.
An organization must be a member of NACC in order to undergo accreditation. If you are not yet a member of NACC but would like to become accredited, please visit our NACC Membership page to learn more about becoming a NACC member.
APPLICATION PROCESS OVERVIEW
The Initial NACC Accreditation Application (Section 1: Intent to Undergo Accreditation) is now available. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, with the goal of completing the accreditation process six months after the initial application is received.
The application contains three sections:
Section 1: Initial Application: Intent to Undergo Accreditation. This is a very brief electronic application that provides us with some basic information and informs us that you wish to undergo accreditation. The application fee is due at this time.
Section 2: Phone Interview. Once your initial application and proof of payment is received, the NACC Accreditation Team will contact you to schedule a phone interview to complete the second section of the application. Data based on your responses to our questions will be input by the Accreditation Launch Director and the Accreditation Coordinator. You should plan to spend an hour or so with us at that time. Additional information will be provided in advance of your interview.
Section 3: Curricular Guideline Mapping and Program Distinctiveness. In this section, you will "map" how your program's curriculum aligns with the NACC Curricular Guidelines. It is neither mandatory nor expected that your curriculum meets every guideline. Additional information will be provided before you begin this section, and an overview about both components can be found below.
You can save your work and return to the electronic applications at any time.
If you need to submit electronic files, please email your PDFs to Nicole Collier at nicole.e.collier@tamu.edu.
Upon completion of all three sections of the application, including submission of payment, your application materials will be reviewed by separate External Review Board members trained to confirm the data made by the submitting institutions and to map the curriculum using the framework established in the NACC Curricular Guidelines.
Applications will be assessed on a first-come, first-served basis, based on when application fees are submitted and received. Graduate programs will be assessed, followed by undergraduate programs.
See the Accreditation Process Timeline below and in the resources in the sidebar of this webpage for specific details about the step-by-step timeframe, deadlines, and projected decision announcement date.
The Initial NACC Accreditation Application (Section 1: Intent to Undergo Accreditation) is now available.
Please read all of the information on this webpage before you apply. Then, to begin the application process, please complete Section 1 of the NACC Accreditation Application, Initial Application: Intent to Undergo Accreditation, available below. This is a very brief electronic application that provides us with some basic information and informs us that you wish to undergo accreditation in 2019. The application fee is due at the time you submit your initial application.
Click here to apply: Graduate Program Application | Undergraduate Program Application
MODEL ACCREDITATION PROCESS TIMELINE:
The following dates are tentative projections for illustrative purposes. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis.
January 31: Initial Application and application fee received.*
January 31 to February 28: Interviews (Section 2) completed. Section 3 made available to the applicant immediately following completion of the interview.
February 29: Deadline to submit Section 3. This concludes the application process.
March 15: Accreditation Team to provide Preliminary Reports to ERB for their review and approval.
March 30: Preliminary Reports sent to respective Applicants for their review and response.
April 15: Deadline for Applicant to submit a response to the Preliminary Report to Accreditation Team.
June 1: Accreditation Team announces ERB's final decisions to respective Applicants.
June 30: Hard copy reports sent to participating Institutions
August 30: Accreditation Team produces Accreditation Briefing report based on Accreditation findings.
Part of the NACC Accreditation Process involves an exercise in "Curriculum Mapping," in which programs are "mapped"* according to the NACC Curricular Guidelines. The Curricular Guidelines list 16 different broad topic areas for Graduate Programs and 13 different broad topic areas for Undergraduate Programs. Each broad topic area includes subtopics.
Kindly examine the respective Curricular Guidelines prior to starting the electronic input process. It is important to recognize that not all programs cover all Curricular Guideline topics.
*The following concept of Curriculum Mapping is applied by NACC when reviewing applications:
"The Glossary of Education Reform (n.d.) is a comprehensive online resource describing 'widely used school-improvement terms, concepts, and strategies' (para. 2) that was organized by the Great Schools Partnership. This glossary defines curriculum mapping as:
the process indexing or diagraming a curriculum to identify and address academic gaps, redundancies, and misalignments for purposes of improving the overall coherence of a course of study and, by extension, its effectiveness (a curriculum, in the sense that the term is typically used by educators, encompasses everything that teachers teach to students in a school or course, including the instructional materials and techniques they use). ("Curriculum Mapping," 2013, para. 1)." (Carpenter, 2017)
There are four specific ways that programs can document that they are meeting the NACC Curricular Guidelines. This exercise will apply the mapping curriculum method in the manner listed below.
Program Meets a Curricular Guideline at the Core or Mission Level
Programs can show they are meeting a specific Curricular Guideline by linking it to their program's mission statement or its general student learning outcomes. These are the "broadest" level of what it is that the program proposes to teach all students.
Since NACC does not expect that all programs will satisfy all Curricular Guidelines or even address all of them at this level, programs should instead pick the Curricular Guidelines that they believe are at the fundamental core of what all students in your program should be learning.
Program Meets a Curricular Guideline at the Course Level
Programs can show that they meet a specific Curricular Guideline through the general content of a specific course. For example, individual courses will often contain overall course objectives and/or course goals. These course objectives and goals are evidence that the course content addresses a specific Curricular Guideline.
Program Meets a Curricular Guideline at the Specific Course Assignment Level
Programs can also document that they address a specific Curricular Guideline by linking the specific Curricular Guideline to individual course assignments. Please make sure that reviewers know which course the specific assignment is attached to when describing it.
Program Meets a Curricular Guideline "Outside" the Classroom
While the primary mechanism for programs to show that they are meeting a Curricular Guideline is through the curriculum, it is also possible that programs can use extra-curricular activities as evidence they are meeting a specific Curricular Guideline. For example:
A program-sponsored fundraising or philanthropic giving contest could be used as evidence that the program is addressing the Fundraising and Resource DevelopmentCurricular Guideline;
A program-sponsored Nonprofit Organization Hackathon could be evidence that the program is addressing the Information Technology, Social Media, and Data Management Curricular Guideline;
A program-sponsored fundraising or philanthropic giving contest could be used as evidence that the program is addressing the Nonprofit Finance and FundraisingCurricular Guideline.
Carpenter, H. L. (2017). Curriculum Mapping Models and Other Processes that Might Work for Nonprofit and Philanthropy Accreditation. Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, 7(SI1), 111-117.
PROGRAM DISTINCTIVENESS
Part of NACC's mission is to help build the nonprofit/philanthropy field. One way of doing that is by capturing and sharing broadly the distinctiveness and the accomplishments of academic programs and centers.
Since the goal of NACC accreditation is to offer a "mark of quality," for academic programs, we believe that quality programs should be able to articulate ways that they are innovative, creative, distinct, or special in comparisons to other programs.
All programs have specialties or areas where they are particularly innovative, creative, distinct, and special. For some programs, this is cutting-edge research from faculty. For some programs, this is a strong community service program designed to improve local nonprofit capacity. For some programs, it is creative course structures or course content.
In the final section, we ask program identify and articulate three specific ways they see themselves as innovative, creative, distinct, and special. NACC is agnostic to what those three areas or topics are. All we ask is that programs make a good faith effort to identify, articulate, and report three distinctive characteristics of their program so that other programs can learn from these methods and processes.
Since we are considering this accreditation process as a pathway to learn from one another, we will consider the information we collect and the knowledge we create as the intellectual property of the NACC.
Consequently, we seek your affirmed permission to use the data and assessment outcomes we collect for purposes of further research questions and potentially for publication in report formats to our members; to the larger community of academics through the NACC News; at academic conferences affiliated with the field; and potentially in juried scholarly publications of the field. If you decline this permission, we require a statement from you clearly indicating your desire. We will consider the absence of a statement as consent to proceed as described.
While our desire is to reach consensus with the participating organizations, and while checks and balances are in place to strive for fairness and impartiality, we will establish that appeal of the accreditation determination may be necessary and can be made through written articulation of the issue to the project director, and for subsequent review by the Accreditation Advisory Committee Chair.
FEE SCHEDULE & PAYMENT INFORMATION
The application fee is due at the time your Initial Application (Section 1: Intent to Undergo Accreditation) is submitted. Your initial application is not complete until payment is submitted.
Fees and Discounts:
$2,400 – Graduate Degree Program application fee (for one stand-alone nonprofit degree program)
$2,400 – Undergraduate Degree Program application fee (for one stand-alone nonprofit degree program)
$4,000 – Graduate & Undergraduate dual program application fee (with the $800 discount applied)*
$400 – Fee for late submission of Initial Application and/or application fee payment
Checks made payable to Texas A&M University. Mailable to:
Attn: Dr. William Brown, NACC Accreditation
The Bush School
Allen Building 1051
4220 TAMU
College Station, TX 77843-4200
Credit card payments can be processed here. Please retain a copy of the receipt.
Accreditation Quick Links
Initial NACC Accreditation Application (Section 1: Intent to Undergo Accreditation) Graduate Program Application | Undergraduate Program Application
NACC Accredited Programs
Accreditation Timeline
Accreditation Updates
An Overview of NACC Accreditation and this Webpage
Accreditation Update 5: Accreditation Implementation Efforts, September 2017
Accreditation Update 4: Vote to formally develop the NACC Accreditation Process, August 2017
Accreditation Update 3: Next Steps, May 2017
Accreditation Update 2: Vote on Accreditation Implementation Task Force, December 2016
Accreditation Update 1: September 2016
Accreditation Next Steps: November 2015
Member Meeting Recap: Chicago 2015
Accreditation Resolution: July 2015
Accreditation for University-Based Nonprofit and Philanthropy Programs: Business Plan (Adopted July 2017)
Official Accreditation Process Voting Language (July 2017)
A Position Paper on Accreditation on Nonprofit/Philanthropy University Curricula (Draft, November 2016)
Official Accreditation Implementation Task Force Voting Language (November 2016)
2016 Accreditation Summit Notes
2016 Accreditation Summit Program
Thought Pieces on Accreditation
Observations and Comments on the NACC Accreditation Summit by Mark Hoffman
Reflections from the NACC Accreditation Summit by Susan Schmidt and Dorothy Norris-Tirrell
NACC is an international membership association comprised of academic centers or programs at accredited colleges and universities that focus on the study of nonprofit/nongovernmental organizations, voluntary action, and/or philanthropy.
Nonprofit Academic Centers Council – Headquarters
Copyright © 2018 Nonprofit Academic Centers Council. All rights reserved.


text:
Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China, is born. 150 years.
William Holden, American actor and singer, died. 35 years.
Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician, dies. 300 years.
Erwin Rommel, known as the Desert Fox, German field marshal during WWII, was born. 125 years.
Man Ray, American-French modernist painter and photographer, dies. 40 years.
WWI: the British hospital ship HMHS Britannic (sister ship of the Titanic) hit a mine and sank off Greece. 100 years.
Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies. 100 years.
Jack London, American author and social activist, died. 100 years.
Emile Verhaeren, Belgian poet and one of the founders of the school of Symbolism, dies. 100 years.
Henry Bacon, American architect who designed the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., was born. 150 years.
Rosalind Russell, American actress of stage and screen, died. 40 years.
Cary Grant, English stage and Hollywood film actor, dies. 30 years.
Dan Flavin, American minimalist artist who has worked mainly with fluorescent light, dies. 20 years.
In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire. 80 years
Edmund II King of England, also known as Edmund Ironside, died. 1000 years.
Charles de Foucauld, French Catholic religious and priest living among the Tuareg in the Sahara in Algeria, dies. 100 years.
Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer and founder of Gianni Versace S.p.A., an international fashion house, is born. 70 years.
Otto Dix, German painter, noted for his harshly realistic depictions of Weimar society and the brutality of war, is born. 125 years.
Alexander Rodchenko, Russian artist, one of the founders of constructivism, dies. 60 years.
In London, James Christie held his first sale. 250 years.


Father Patrick Croke, the parish priest of Kincumber, was appointed Chaplain at St Joseph's in 1945 and for 25 years supported many boys and later girls at St Joseph's.
He was much admired by all who lived here and remembered fondly by many. His grave is located in the cemetery grounds of nearby Holy Cross Church. The cottage on the property is named in his memory.


Sherika Guillen Envelopes, 2018-12-18 11:08:49. If you would like more ideas, I would like to know. There's certain to be dino-mite food, games and enjoyable! A complete birthday wish can excite and inspire someone you adore.
Suanne Peyton Envelopes, 2018-12-18 11:08:49. n case the party isn't a surprise enable the guest of honor select a theme. It's always wonderful to celebrate and throw a party during birthdays but there's really something more special every time a man or woman is all about to celebrate her or his 50th birthday. You have to decide first which type of surprise party you're going to have. It's always more interesting if it's a surprise party. To begin with, choose suitable wording for the 30th birthday invitations based on the sort of party which you're hosting. When it has to do with planning a superb party, picking a theme is always step one. There are lots of great theme parties it is possible to pick from a casino party, luau, Mardi Gras, Remember When and a lot more.
Joycelyn Macky High Quality, 2018-12-18 11:08:49. If you don't enjoy the appearance of gift boxes and hate the thought of a plain old gift bag, or perhaps you're trying to live a zero-waste life, you're able to easily create the container portion of the present. To plan a remarkable party isn't that hard if you're with the appropriate planning ideas. A crucial suggestion that will aid in pulling off a prosperous surprise 50th birthday party is to call and speak to all the attendees. Frequently the ideal idea is to get the party a couple of days or even weekend before their real birth date.
Maybell Kuhns High Quality, 2018-12-17 12:48:13. With more than 50 themes, you're guaranteed to find what you love. Maybe you're searching for a sweet birthday theme for a 1 year-old. Your food selection doesn't need to fit into a particular theme. You might have sweet party theme, but attempt to earn a cute monster or godzilla to create unique party theme. Also, in case you already know your party theme, don't neglect to allow it to be unique. The owl party theme is truly popular at the moment and it's excellent for either gender. For little girls who want a special party theme which goes beyond princesses and ponies, Owl Blossom is the ideal choice.


VOTE creates and contributes to the work of many partners, as we serve to educate and analyze the sprawling criminal justice system.
For nearly two centuries, the criminal justice system existed as a set of rules handed down to us, particularly to low-income people and communities of color. These rules, meant to protect us, have destroyed our families and communities in the process.
People are speaking out, from all walks of life. Together we are elevating the voices of directly impacted people to explain what is broken and how to fix it.
We must encourage and work to implement ethical answers to these problems. Not just because we have personal connections to the people who are directly impacted by mass incarceration. But because it is our responsibility as free citizens, as incarcerated and formerly incarcerated people and the people who love them, and as citizens of the world.
Or come to VOTE's offices and we'll help get you registered!
Louisiana has the highest rate of incarceration in America, and the most families directly impacted by criminal convictions. These families live in communities stripped of the most essential pillar of democracy: voting rights.
Are you 'off paper'? You can vote!
The Louisiana constitution allows the state to suspend voting rights for anyone "under order of imprisonment" until the order ends. The legislature later passed a law making this suspension mandatory, and defining "order of imprisonment" to include people in prison, on parole, or on probation. This affects and disenfranchises 115,000 people in the state -- 45,000 currently in prison, and 70,000 under community supervision.
On July 1st, 2015, we filed litigation in state court to challenge the definition of "under order of imprisonment." Learn more and join the fight.


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Search Engine Optimization is a topic that pretty much all of our clients want or need to focus on at some point in time. We have extensive experience and knowledge gained from working with different types of strategies… and have specific ideas about that.
Google tracks the amount of time a user spends on a given website before returning to their search results. The less time visitors spend on your site (after finding it on Google's SERP) the lower you will rank*. Which means that authoritative content is most certainly part of the ranking algorithms and makes good sense because you should obviously only promote content that you can actually serve.
It goes without saying that we develop our websites in a standards-compliant fashion with proper meta tags and code structure and to be fast and stable. And that is, literally, all there is to SEO on our end. After that, it's up to the client (who manages the content of their website) to populate it with relevant and authoritative content (we can certainly help and refer you to some great content creators, writers and editors). This strategy works wonders and costs, in effect, nothing.
Case in point: in 2005 we developed a website for USC's Tsunami Research Center, a website dedicated to the science of Tsunamis. For lack of budget, we have not updated the site since 2010 and it has received continuously bad SEO scores from different sources. Yet we rank #8 on a google search for "tsunami research" (no quotes) which yields over 44mio results**.
Now, we don't want to discredit white hat SEO because it does serve a purpose, does yield positive results and can help you business in various ways. But it is an ongoing process, often times feels like a "fight" and can cost a lot of money. It is our opinion that you can reach the same results, albeit with extra time, by simply focusing on relevant content and simple cross-linking. And, as our tests have shown, those results will remain in place for a long time.
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