A fire crew were called to tackle a bin fire in Girling Road in Dereham Picture Leah Brown.
A young mother has described the shock of being woken in the night to the sound of fire "crackling and banging" outside her and her three-year-old daughter's Dereham home.
The stay-at-home mum said: "It was the crackling and banging of the fire that woke me.
"Me and my partner were asleep and we were woken up at about 1.50am.
"It took a couple of seconds for us to wake up and I said to my partner 'what is that?'.
"We just heard the crackling of the fire and people banging on doors so we looked out the back and it was the communal bins behind the flats that were on fire.
Miss Brown, who lives on Girling Road, Dereham with her partner, plumber David Turner, 32, and their daughter, Abigail, said: "I felt safe because it was so far away that we didn't need to panic and rush out.
"It was odd just to wake up to it.
"There were quite a few people running around outside - one of our neighbours was out running around and knocking on doors.
Miss Brown praised the swift actions of the fire service, and said: "We woke just before two and it was already on fire.
She added: "My daughter slept right though it.
"Her bedroom is on the other side of the house so she was asleep.
She added: "Luckily there was no damage to any of the houses.
"It was just the communal bins and all the fences, and there were a couple of burn marks on the edge of one of the houses.
"I have no idea how it started. I haven't heard anything.
Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service sent one fire engine from Dereham to tackle the blaze on Girling Road after being alerted at 1.50am, on Saturday, November 24.
It was described as "a fire in the open" and firefighters "used hose reel jets to extinguish a fire in a refuse container".


text:
/**
 * \addtogroup rimebroadcast
 * @{
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * This file is part of the Contiki operating system.
 *
 */

/**
 * \file
 *         Identified best-effort local area broadcast (broadcast)
 * \author
 *         Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se>
 */

#include "contiki-net.h"
#include <string.h>

static const struct packetbuf_attrlist attributes[] =
  {
    BROADCAST_ATTRIBUTES PACKETBUF_ATTR_LAST
  };

#define DEBUG 0
#if DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
#define PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define PRINTF(...)
#endif

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
recv_from_abc(struct abc_conn *bc)
{
  rimeaddr_t sender;
  struct broadcast_conn *c = (struct broadcast_conn *)bc;

  rimeaddr_copy(&sender, packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));

  PRINTF("%d.%d: broadcast: from %d.%d\n",
	 rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0],rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[1],
	 sender.u8[0], sender.u8[1]);
  if(c->u->recv) {
    c->u->recv(c, &sender);
  }
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
sent_by_abc(struct abc_conn *bc, int status, int num_tx)
{
  struct broadcast_conn *c = (struct broadcast_conn *)bc;

  PRINTF("%d.%d: sent to %d.%d status %d num_tx %d\n",
	 rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0],rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[1],
	 packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER)->u8[0],
         packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER)->u8[1],
         status, num_tx);
  if(c->u->sent) {
    c->u->sent(c, status, num_tx);
  }
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static const struct abc_callbacks broadcast = {recv_from_abc, sent_by_abc};
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void
broadcast_open(struct broadcast_conn *c, uint16_t channel,
	  const struct broadcast_callbacks *u)
{
  abc_open(&c->c, channel, &broadcast);
  c->u = u;
  channel_set_attributes(channel, attributes);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void
broadcast_close(struct broadcast_conn *c)
{
  abc_close(&c->c);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
int
broadcast_send(struct broadcast_conn *c)
{
  PRINTF("%d.%d: broadcast_send\n",
	 rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0],rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[1]);
  packetbuf_set_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER, &rimeaddr_node_addr);
  return abc_send(&c->c);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/** @} */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You will hear various insurance terms bandied about, often by people who know little about the subject. Lets look at some of the terminology.
A generic term used to describe any insurance contract relating to the motor trade.
Used to describe a contract which covers vehicles on the road plus property at the policyholders trade premises, and would normally include cover for public and employers liability.
This refers to cover for vehicles whilst on a road or other place where the vehicle is subject to compulsory insurance under the law. It also indicates that it is a stand alone policy. That is to say, the insurer does not include any cover for stock vehicles or contents at the trade premises or for public or employers liability.
Historically, Road Risks Only insurance referred to a third party only motor trade road risks policy, but that definition has largely disappeared in the past twenty to thirty years as many insurers no longer accept business on a third party only basis. In recent years insurers preference is to provide only comprehensive cover.
This will normally be a road risks ONLY policy as above, but could refer to the road risks policy which is able to be extended to include additional cover. For example it is possible to extend some road risks policies to include cover for damage to vehicles whilst being carried on your vehicle transporter or trailer.
A typical example would be a 30 year old mobile mechanic with a van for work worth about £12,000 and a car for family use worth about £7,000. In this example the mechanic normally works on standard type cars up to about £20,000 in value. We would offer this mechanic an indemnity of £15,0000 on own vehicles and £30,000 on customer vehicles to ensure there is some margin so that the mechanic is not too restricted in what he can work on.
There are some exclusions and restrictions on a road risks policy. As always, to complicate matters, each insurer has its own terms. Here is a broad outline of the main exclusions under a typical road risks policy.
Vehicles over 3,500 kgs gross vehicle weight are excluded. However, most insurers will increase this to 7,500 kgs for an additional premium. At the time of writing, only one insurer will provide cover for vehicles over 7,500kgs on a road risks only policy.
Most if not all of these exclusions can be changed if your circumstances dictate that you need the cover. However, the more you move away from the standard contract of insurance, the more expensive it is likely to become.
As a mechanic, you may want to consider taking out liability cover. Liability insurance is unlike car insurance, in that you do not submit a claim for payment by your insurer. Instead, a member of the public or a customer may have a legal right to make a claim against you, where they believe you have been negligent. The best example of this is where a repair goes wrong and the repaired vehicle is totally destroyed as a direct result of the incorrect or negligent repair.
In this case you would report the incident to your Liability insurer, who would then deal directly with the third party who is claiming that you were negligent. Your insurer will pay all costs and expenses associated with defending and or settling the claim on your behalf, leaving you free to concentrate on running your business. You will normally only have to pay the policy excess.
Now you've Insured your Business, why not Insure your Car or Home as well, and consider our Optional Extras which include, Tools In Transit Cover, Legal Cover and many more for our other products, to make sure you're well protected and to give you peace of mind.


text:
Villarejo-Periesteban es un municipio español perteneciente a la provincia de Cuenca, en la comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Tiene un área de 33,43 km² con una población de 385 habitantes (INE 2018) y una densidad de 11,73 hab/km².

Símbolos

El escudo heráldico y la bandera que representan al municipio fueron aprobados en 2003. El blasón que define al escudo es el siguiente:

La descripción textual de la bandera es la siguiente:

Geografía

Ubicación

Demografía
El municipio, que tiene una superficie de 33,43 km², cuenta según el padrón municipal para  del INE con  habitantes y una densidad de  hab./km².

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Municipios de la provincia de Cuenca
Localidades de la provincia de Cuenca

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Killer Laundry Pods and the Problem of Newsworthy Numbers
by ParentCo. December 21, 2016
Overworked parent buys laundry pods to make cleaning the family's mountains of laundry a bit easier. Overtired parent inevitably gets interrupted while doing laundry and leaves the open pod container on top of the washing machine. Kid finds a laundry pod, and, assuming it is candy, takes a big bite. Kid dies shortly thereafter.
This is the general narrative circulated by headlines, like "The Wall Street Journal" article "Laundry-Pod Poisonings Piling Up", which have popped up every few months or so since Tide Pods went on the U.S. market in 2012.
It is reasonable to take the warnings in these articles seriously, because laundry pods do pose a real risk. In a review of laundry pod ingestions in "Pediatrics", researchers studied the outcomes of the 17,230 children whose caregivers called Poison Control after a suspected laundry pod exposure.
Nearly 60 percent of the children required no special medical attention, and 35.4 percent were treated and released (meaning they were sent home from the ER). Only 2.4 percent were admitted to a non-critical care service, while 2 percent were admitted to critical care. The researchers identified one death resulting from laundry pod ingestion during that period.
Given another recent round of articles warning parents of the dangers of laundry pods, it's important to pause and reflect on just how much of a risk laundry pods represent, as well as how we interpret and react to numbers we see in the news.
The missing denominator
Some of the most terrifying and behavior-changing child safety articles begin with a big number, and articles about laundry pods are no exception. CNN's 2014 article on laundry pod poisonings, for example, begins with a number from the "Pediatrics" study: "In the period of about a year, 17,230 children under the age of six have been accidentally poisoned by the packets."
There are two problems with CNN's reporting of this number. First, it incorrectly counts the number of children poisoned by laundry packets in that year. The "Pediatrics" review of laundry poisonings describes the 17,230 children under age six were "exposed" to laundry detergent pods from 2012 to 2013.
"Exposed" is the technical term used by Poison Control Centers to indicate a child has been in contact with a poison, so children whose skin or eyes were irritated by a laundry pod would also be included in that number. "Poisoned" also suggests a serious medical condition, but the "Pediatrics" review makes clear that 60 percent of children exposed did not require any medical attention, and another 35 percent were treated and released from the ER.
The CNN's reporting of 17,230 calls to Poison Control is further problematic because its significance is only ever implied. This is a big, scary number. It sounds like a reason for drastic action. And it may be. But without other numbers – without context – it's impossible to know how serious or prevalent that figure of 17,230 actually is.
This number can be contextualized in many ways. It could be compared to the population of children from birth to age six (US Census data lets us estimate this at just under 24 million) to show that in .07 percent of the population, caregivers for seven in 10,000 kids called Poison Control concerned about laundry detergent exposure. Far fewer than that were hospitalized.
Identifying a denominator does not mean we should be careless with how we store our chemicals. It does mean we can develop a more accurate sense of what is benign, risky, dangerous, or fatal. Identifying a denominator can also help us make comparisons between products.
One surprising finding of research into pod-based detergents is that dishwasher detergent pods, which are arguably more accessible to kids because of their typical storage locations, are less dangerous than laundry detergent pods. They tend to be stored in even more child-friendly areas (under a sink, for example), and yet present less of a hazard when ingested.
Takeaway: When confronted with a number that sounds scary, look for the denominator.
A number used to answer the wrong question
What about a big number that does have a denominator? Even those numbers deserve a closer look, because they are often insufficient evidence for the questions they are being used to answer.
Reports on laundry pod ingestion appear grim, but what's less clear is whether those represent a change in consumption of laundry detergents generally. To find that, we need to focus less on the number of children who ingest pods and more on the number of children who ingested detergent prior to the creation of pods.
Most of the grim statistics about laundry detergent poisoning come from 2012 or later, when the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) developed separate codes for laundry pod ingestion. The AAPCC reports that laundry pod exposures reported to Poison Control Centers have risen each year from 2012 to 2015. With 9,787 exposures as of October 31, 2016 might stop this trend (in 2015 there were over 12,000 exposures).
Although Tide Pods were released in 2012, making laundry pods more visible to consumers, laundry pods have been in the U.S. detergent market since 2010. Looking to laundry detergent exposures reported to Poison Control Centers before 2010 can help fill in the picture of whether the pods themselves are leading to more exposures, or whether children are simply shifting their ingestion from one form of detergent to another.
The question, essentially, is whether children are ingesting laundry pods in greater numbers than they were before, or if they are just ingesting new types of detergent than they were before.
This is one area in which further study supports the original reported numbers. The AAPCC's 2009 report shows in children ages zero to 19 across all types of detergent. The AAPCC's 2012 report shows 6,678 liquid laundry detergent exposures in children ages zero to five alone; that is, one category of laundry detergent in one segment of the child population in 2012 almost matched all laundry detergent exposures for the entire child population in 2009.
The overall numbers are still quite small when taken in the context of the entire child population of the U.S., but it's clear that there's been a real increase in the number of laundry detergent exposures since laundry pods went on the market.
Laundry pod poisonings appear to present a new safety hazard because there has been an increase of calls to poison control since their entrance on the market. But a rise in calls ("exposures") does not necessarily mean that the pods are more dangerous. It could be that awareness of laundry pod poisonings makes parents (reasonably) more concerned, resulting in more phone calls to Poison Control centers even if there is not an increased risk of poisoning due to the pod.
Takeaway: When seeing the words "increase" or "decrease," ask what points those increases or decreases are being used to prove. Then ask what else those increases and decreases might prove.
Drawing assumptions from cohort comparisons
According to Poison Control records cited by both of the "Pediatrics" studies, the average age of children ingesting laundry pods differs from the average age of children ingesting other types of detergent. The most popular theory for this age difference is that the pods look like candy. One "Consumer Reports" graphic depicts the pods in a flat lay of candy, asking readers if they can spot the pods. Much of the medical literature makes the same assumption that laundry pods are more appealing because they look like candy.
We should examine that assumption with skepticism. If it's true that the majority of laundry pod poisonings are occurring in children under age three, the focus on "candy" might not be warranted. A sevent-month-old biting into a laundry pod isn't doing so because it looks like candy. A seven-month-old is biting into a pod because she can, because it's a thing within her reach and she's going to explore it with her mouth.
The population we might need to be more concerned about is patients with dementia, who have been reported to mistake the pods for candy.
Instead of assuming a manufacturing problem (detergent producers making their dangerous product too appealing to young children), it's possible that the age difference is not related to the children, but their parents. In "The Power of Habit", Charles Duhigg argues that people make the most significant changes to their lifelong shopping when a new baby enters the family.
If people are most likely to switch brands during major life changes, new parents shopping for laundry detergent in 2012 might have been more convinced to purchase pods. We can test this last theory by watching whether the age of ingestion changes as the pods are on the market longer.
Takeaway: Comparisons between groups are full of confounding variables. Ask what other factors may describe group differences.
The case study to boost awareness
One of the stickiest problems with articles about child safety is the type of data used to bring attention to a new possible danger. Most of the stories about laundry pods, for example, are based on single case reports – which certainly bring important attention to the potential dangers of the pods. Case reports are also valuable in medical literature, because they become the first steps toward determining the root causes of, and potential cures for, illness. But when used as proof of a new and terrifying phenomenon, case studies may inflate overall risks.
These case studies resonate with us because these parents have just experienced our worst nightmare. But the stories may cause us to be unnecessarily risk averse. The parents in these studies have won the world's worst lottery – losing children to extremely rare accidents. Reading these stories may sway us to change our purchase decisions. But if we look at child deaths from all detergents, we'll note that parents lose that horrible lottery, too.
includes one death from dishwasher detergent of an unspecified type, as well as one death from hand dishwashing detergent, one death from laundry detergent granules, and one death from from liquid laundry detergent. These detergent deaths are not grouped by age, so it's not possible to link them with any age group without further study. But any study of the danger of a particular type of detergent will need to take the other forms of detergent into account.
Takeaway: Don't make unilateral changes based on single case studies, which can obscure less publicized, but nearly equivalent risks.
The current available data about laundry pod poisonings paints a much different picture than the stories we see reported every few months. When ingested, laundry pods tend to deliver a more concentrated dose of detergent, which can lead to more serious health risks.
Then again, there is a very slim possibility that a child will eat one, a slimmer still chance that a pod will cause serious injury, and a yet slimmer still chance of death. Furthermore, there is a risk of death with any detergent, and parents cannot completely avoid this risk unless they plan never to do laundry again.
It is reasonable to be cautious about laundry pods because of the specific dangers of ingesting more concentrated detergent with a single bite, but it's also reasonable to read the data on laundry pod poisonings and make a calculated decision to use them.
Parenthood Wellbeing
5 Ways Working Out Makes Me a More Fit Parent
Exercise helps me be a better mom. I often apply the wisdom of the phrases I hear when I'm working out to the many parenting challenges I encounter.
My Only New Year's Resolution Is to Be Kinder to Myself
I now know there are steps I can take to change how I think, to find the true me again. That is why I am going to take better care of myself this year. In fact, that's the only resolution I care to make. For both my own health, and as an important example to my kids, this year, I'm resolving to practice a kindness that starts from within.
How to Keep Kids Healthy This Cold & Flu Season
by Dr. Jeff Andrews
As we head into the upcoming cold and flu season, parents should be mindful of the following best practices to keep their families safe and healthy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


and Rapid City home builder, Custom Homes by J. Scull, has long been the definitive standard of excellence for the design and construction of buildings in the Rapid City and Black Hills Area. Custom Homes by J. Scull specializes in custom construction for custom homes in Rapid City and the Black Hills. As an experienced Rapid City home builder, Custom Homes by J. Scull specializes in custom construction homes that mold into your lifestyle so you may enjoy your home for years to come.
Under the leadership of Jim Scull, we understand the importance of exceptional quality and customer satisfaction within the custom construction process. After all, we are doing more than just building houses; foremost we are making dreams come true. We therefore promise to work with you at every turn to ensure that your dream becomes a reality.
As an industry leading Rapid City home builder, we believe and strive in providing quality products and services complete with competitive prices. Our services are concluded within an accountable and responsive fashion. We continue to remain committed to our core values of quality, value, responsibility and integrity, while equally being dedicated to creating a home that celebrates your lifestyle.
As custom home design trends revolutionize every year, we accustom to new ideas and fashions and tailor them on an individual basis. Custom Homes by J. Scull understands that each homeowner has individual needs and desires when it comes to building their dream home. It is our personal goal at J. Scull to adhere to your visions and further guide you through your custom construction home building process. Whether you plan to build an elaborate luxury home that accents your land in the hills, or a cozy home in town, we have the resources to accommodate your wishes.
While J. Scull understands the needs of homeowners, we also recognize the importance of being green and energy-efficient. Green or "sustainable" homes use key resources like energy, water, materials, and land more efficiently than homes that are just built to code. During the construction process of a green home, Custom Homes by J. Scull utilizes the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) System, a Green Building Rating System developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. LEED encourages the adoption of sustainable green homes and development practices while providing guidelines and requirements for homes.
We work with you to combine all of the common components in building a house while using your personal and unique style to transform the house into a home. We aim to take something ordinary and expand it into the extraordinary. With upstanding service geared toward specific personal attention collaborated with professionalism and expertise in design and construction, we are obliged to build a custom construction home that honors your personal lifestyle in a timeless fashion.


Family owned and operated, Lark Ellen Aged Care has been caring for the Sutherland Shire for 50 years. With only 62 residents, we deliver an intimate environment & our personalised, attentive approach is fast becoming a rarity in the 'corporate' aged care industry.
With a strong reputation for excellence in quality care, our clinical specialists are responsive and noticeably warm and friendly. Our long-term staff have the expertise and professionalism to look after your loved ones, giving you peace of mind they are receiving the best possible care.
Housed in a heritage listed architectural building, our refurbished home offers affordable boutique style accommodation. Our large, fully air conditioned lounge & dining area flow out to an oversized sun drenched verandah. The luscious resident herb garden encourages social engagement, and offers a private space to relax with your family. Our warm and homely rooms feature large windows offering natural light and ventilation and are deliberately stylised in soothing green tones creating an atmosphere of calm and relaxation.
Lark Ellen is located in a quiet residential area with ease of parking and only minutes from the bustling Sutherland train station and Miranda Shopping Centre. Our seven day Lifestyle Program is individually tailored to each resident, and family is welcome to attend shows and join in the festivities that are celebrated all year round.
The special combination of a family run home, experienced staff and boutique accommodation, will give you peace of mind your loved ones are not only receiving the very best of care, but in a place they can truly feel at home.


of alumni report being employed or accepted into grad school within 6 months of graduation.
academic programs offer breadth and depth to feed your interests!
RU graduates earn 23% higher median salaries than their peers.
Musica Sacra Presents Mozart's "Requiem"


Ministry of Science and Higher Education reinforces the Polish R&D sector and its participation in Horizon 2020 through various actions and funding. The flagship initiatives in this field are: Idea Plus Programme, Mobility Plus Programme and Granty na Granty. These instruments are designed to internationalize Polish science and encourage scientists to participate in Horizon 2020 projects.
The aim of the Ideas Plus Programme is to support and encourage Polish scientists to take part in calls for frontier research grants financed by the European Research Council (ERC). The Ideas Plus grants are awarded to those researchers whose applications for an ERC grant were highly appreciated by evaluators but not funded. Money can be used entirely or in part to fund research covered by the application for the ERC calls.
The announcements about open calls are made on the website of Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
The Programme fosters participation in scientific research in leading international research centers under the supervision of outstanding researchers of international standing. Young researchers, including graduate students, have a chance of obtaining funding for a 6 to 36 months-long project.
The funding covers: cost of visiting and working in the research center of the researcher and his/her family, as well as the cost of their travel between home and the research center.
The Programme is designed to encourage Polish scientific organisations to reach out for EU funding. Thanks to participation in it, the scientists can improve the quality of their proposals. Funding is granted to organizations that take up the role of a project coordinator in an international research consortium. The funding can be used for covering the cost of preparation of the proposal, as well as other cost, as long as the proposal passed the required grade threshold. The laureates can receive the funding of up to PLN 30 000. The organizations that received funding to prepare their proposal, but have not been assigned with a grant can still apply for funding from GnG in order to improve their proposal.


text:
Q: Why is AWS Lambda handler invoked directly by some AWS while Lambda needs to poll others? Why are some Amazon Web Services configured such that they can make direct calls to Lambda handlers with appropriate permissions, while for others like SQS, lambda needs to poll repeatedly? Why can't we have a provision for invoking Lambda as soon as a message is added to an SQS, instead of polling repeatedly?

A: I think this is related to scaling.
From Understanding Scaling Behavior - AWS Lambda:

Poll-based event sources that are not stream-based: For Lambda functions that process Amazon SQS queues, AWS Lambda will automatically scale the polling on the queue until the maximum concurrency level is reached, where each message batch can be considered a single concurrent unit. AWS Lambda's automatic scaling behavior is designed to keep polling costs low when a queue is empty while simultaneously enabling you to achieve high throughput when the queue is being used heavily.
When an Amazon SQS event source mapping is initially enabled, Lambda begins long-polling the Amazon SQS queue. Long polling helps reduce the cost of polling Amazon Simple Queue Service by reducing the number of empty responses, while providing optimal processing latency when messages arrive.
When messages are available, Lambda initially launches up to 5 instances of your function, to handle 5 batches simultaneously. Then, Lambda launches up to 60 more instances per minute, up to 1000 total, as long as you have concurrency available at the account and function level.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Bantams were defeated 2-1 by Fleetwood Town at Highbury Stadium this Saturday following Ashley Hunter's match-winner for the Cod Army early into the second period.
Hunter netted the game's decisive goal for the hosts when he converted from close range three minutes after the break from a Ched Evans cross.
Evans had headed Fleetwood into the lead of the match originally back in the twelfth minute, but Eoin Doyle levelled things up for Michael Collins' side from the penalty spot later in the half.
Fleetwood lost Wes Burns to a straight red card shortly before the interval after a lunging tackle on Adam Chicksen.
Collins made three changes to his side for the Fleetwood fixture, with Luca Colville, Kelvin Mellor and George Miller replacing Joe Riley and injured duo Sherwin Seedorf and Sean Scannell.
Recent loan signing Lewis O'Brien was an unused sub on the bench.
Evans had the ball in the net for Fleetwood in just the second minute when the forward headed in from a Hunter inswinging cross.
The goal was disallowed, however, with the former Sheffield United and Manchester City front-man cautioned for a barge leading up to the goal.
Fleetwood threatened again soon after from another Hunter cross, this time Ashley Eastham headed onto the far post.
City reacted in quick fashion, though, by hitting the woodwork themselves when Jack Payne crashed in a fierce drive from distance that rattled against Alex Cairns' crossbar.
A fast start to the contest saw Fleetwood take the lead just minutes later.
A cross from the left from the busy Hunter was headed in from close range by Evans.
A stretching Ryan McGowan tried to clear off the line but he could only fire the ball into the roof of the net.
As City searched for a way back into the match, Doyle looked to have a sight of goal when Colville played him clear but the Irish striker was halted in his tracks by the offside flag.
Doyle did get a chance to fire City level, however, midway into the opening period when Miller was tripped in the box by Jason Holt.
Doyle made no mistake from the spot, sending Cairns the wrong way to open his scoring account for the Bantams.
A competitive fixture saw three cautions given out in the space of ten minutes; Hunter booked for Fleetwood and Anthony O'Connor and Wright cautioned for City.
The yellow cards turned into a red one for Burns and Fleetwood minutes before the break.
The Fleetwood attacker was given his marching orders for a studs-up challenge on Chicksen as the pair contested a loose ball just inside the Bantams' half of the pitch.
City set off after the break in positive fashion, looking to make their one-man advantage count, but they were rocked by an early blow after the restart.
After Payne had lost possession in midfield, Fleetwood broke forward on the attack, with Hunter feeding Evans into a crossing position.
Evans' centre found Hunter in the middle and the winger was able to finish past Richard O'Donnell from close range.
With Fleetwood now back in the lead, City went on the attack to try and wrestle their way back into the contest.
Wright and Colville both tried their luck with efforts from just outside the box but the strikes failed to trouble Cairns.
The Fleetwood 'keeper was called into action just before the hour mark, though, when he made a superb reaction save to deny Mellor.
A flighted corner delivery by Colville towards the far post found the defender in a pocket of space but his side-footed effort was somehow repelled by the foot of Cairns.
At the other end, Lewie Coyle curled an impressive effort narrowly past the far post via a left-footed strike from a couple of yards outside the area.
Collins looked to force the issue for City in the sixty-second minute; bringing on Jordan Gibson and Connor Wood for Ryan McGowan and Wright.
The alterations saw City move to a back three and Gibson and Wood provide width from the right and left flanks respectively.
Gibson, in particular, looked a willing runner and able to cause problems to a Fleetwood side who were aiming to hang on and see the game out.
A third and final change for the Bantams fifteen minutes from the end saw the Bantams move to a front three when Kai Bruenker came on for Payne.
Fleetwood, in response, tried to eat up the time remaining by making three substitutions of their own in the closing stages.
Six minutes were added on at the end of the match, but City sadly couldn't find a way through the hosts' defences.
Miller headed at Cairns from a Gibson cross, while Gibson himself dragged a shot wide from the edge of the box in City's final meaningful attack.
Match stats, updates and team line ups from the Fleetwood game can be found via the Match Centre - HERE.


text:
package quasar.datagen

import scalaz.{Equal, Show}

/** Information about the source of an SST, whether it was generated by
  * observing all elements of a dataset or just a sample.
  */
sealed abstract class SstSource {
  def fold[A](sample: => A, whole: => A): A =
    this match {
      case SstSource.Sample => sample
      case SstSource.Whole => whole
    }
}

object SstSource {
  case object Sample extends SstSource
  case object Whole extends SstSource

  implicit val equal: Equal[SstSource] =
    Equal.equalA

  implicit val show: Show[SstSource] =
    Show.showFromToString
}


An elevator in an office building takes five men down to a sub-basement level which they never knew existed. When they get out, they find themselves trapped inside a strange room. Whilst waiting for the elevator to return, they tell each other of their strange dreams. One dreams about killing his sister but then stumbles into a restaurant full of vampires. Another man dreams about his wife murdering him after he annoys her with his obsession of having things tidy. Another man is a magician and dreams that he goes on holiday to look for new tricks to use in his show and finds a new rope trick which an Indian girl won't sell to him, so he kills her and steals it. The fourth man uses a drug to fake his death in order to claim his insurance and gets his friend to help him out. The last man is an artist living in Haiti who finds out that his paintings, whom critics said were worthless, have actually sold for a large amount of money so he uses voodoo to extract his revenge.
Why change a relatively successful formula? That seemed to be Amicus' motto with yet another horror anthology featuring a wealth of talent both in front of and behind the camera. The Vault of Horror features a stellar cast with Tom Baker, Terry-Thomas, Curt Jürgens, Edward Judd and Denholm Elliot starring to name but a few. Yet again using stories from EC Comics, Amicus have crafted practically a carbon copy of the likes of Dr Terror's House of Horrors, The House That Dripped Blood and Asylum, only with lesser results this time. In fact so much so that E.C Comics wouldn't let the studio use their macabre comic book for a third outing (with Tales from the Crypt being the previous E.C. Comic-inspired Amicus anthology). The linking story is weak and if you've seen one of the earlier anthologies, you'll easily spot what the final 'twist' will be. It lacks any punch simply because the audience is expecting a twist and it's the only logical solution to why the men are all trapped downstairs.
The first story, Midnight Mess, about the vampire restaurant is pretty standard fare which is dependable enough to kick off the film. The finale is a little predictable but still fun when the vampires hang a guy upside up, stick a spigot in his jugular vein and drain him of blood. There is also neat trick involving a mirror which plays upon the vampire mythology.
The Neat Job, the second story about the tidy husband is pretty boring simply for the fact it's not really anything horrific – it doesn't deal with vampires or werewolves or even voodoo or revenge, just a housewife going crazy. Thus it takes some time to build up the character we can empathize with when the wife does snap. Terry-Thomas plays it straight but gets annoying quickly and it's a pity he doesn't get killed earlier because his obsession is really painful to sit and listen to, especially when he starts moaning. The finale has a decent twist ending full of black humour and has the E.C. comic trademark stamped all over it.
The third story, This Trick'll Kill You, is also as pedestrian as the other two as it lacks any real character build up and doesn't try to do anything original as Curt Jürgens travels to India and stumbles upon a new rope trick. It's the most racist of the stories with Indians being labelled as con artists, peasants and basic scum. Jürgens is at his ruthless best when he's playing a villainous character and it takes a while for him to turn into a murderer. But the special effects for the rope trick are quite convincing, even if the story ends far too predictably once more.
Bargain in Death, the fourth story, is possibly the most underrated segment, simply because it partly deals with being buried alive – surely one of the most horrific thoughts anyone could have. But the logistics of the insurance scam are all over the shop and it's hard to see how it'd work. I don't know why Edward Judd bothers to 'star' here as he says about six words and the addition of the two medical students looking for a corpse wasn't really necessary either. However, it does end on a nice note of 'you get what you deserve' with the grave digger getting the final say on matters.
The final story, Drawn and Quartered, is easily the best – not because it's any good but just because it's better than the rest of them. Tom Baker shows us some trademark solid acting (before he went on to ham it up as Doctor Who) as the bitter artist who is told by the witch doctor that he can damage his paintings however he wants and whatever happens to them will happen to the person in real life. You can see the resemblance to The Picture of Dorian Gray here. It's an excellent plot and probably could have been stretched out a little more – it's kind of like a pre-cursor to Final Destination. But as with the rest of the stories, it's got a twist ending which isn't good for the main character as he paints a self-portrait. You can only imagine where that one heads.
Too formulaic for it's own good, too predictable to be interesting to watch and too hammy to be taken seriously, The Vault of Horror isn't one of Amicus' better anthologies. It's flat, uninspired and a bit dull at times despite there being some good ideas and some truly awesome moments of wretched black humour.


Providing an explanation for or justification of one's actions.
The recommendation of a policy.
Each of the Bretton Woods organisations operate according to procedures established by its articles of agreement or an equivalent founding document. These documents outline the conditions of membership and the general principles of organisation, management, and operations.
Deferring the disbursement until specified conditions have been implemented.
An overall statement of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over some period of time, consisting of the current account, capital account and changes in official foreign exchange reserves. This BOP can also refer to the difference in total receipts and expenditure for any category.
World Bank guidelines providing parameters for implementing policies.
Collective name for World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), institutions established in 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA.
General financial assistance (structural adjustment lending) given in certain cases to dependent territories to cover a recurrent budget deficit. Also known as Programme Support.
Removal of controls on the international flows on a country's capital account, enabling full currency convertibility and opening of the financial system.
This network organises environmental NGOs from 11 countries in Central and Eastern Europe, and stimulates improvement in the state of the environment, promotes and undertakes charitable expert and educational activities improving the environment.
Civil society covers the space between the activities of the state and the market. Organisations within civil society range from church groups to environmental pressure groups to local credit collectives and trade unions.
Established in 1994 as an 8-member standing committee of the Board of Executive Directors, CODE oversees the operations evaluation system of the Bank and the IFC operations, reviewing their output and management responses to it.
An 8-member standing committee of the Board of Executive Directors, COGAM advises the Board on issues of governance and administrative policy such as codes of conduct on corruption. It is the key committee in following up on the agenda to increase the 'voice' and participation of developing countries at the Bank. Previously CODAM.
IMF financing facility that combines the compensatory financing facility with elements of contingency financing to help members cover short falls in export earning and service receipts, as well as excesses in cereal import costs, that are temporary and arise from events beyond the members' control.
CAO is a mechanism to allow individuals and communities impacted by IFC and MIGA projects to raise their concerns directly and to enhance the social and environmental outcomes of such projects. Its 3 roles are overseeing IFC/MIGA projects' overall environmental and social performance (Compliance); providing independent advice to the President and management on specific projects as well as broader environmental and social policies, guidelines, procedures and resources (Advisor); and addressing the complaints of impacted people to find mutually satisfactory solutions (Ombudsman).
Framework developed by the World Bank to coordinate all actors in the development process towards implementing a coherent framework of macroeconomic, structural and social reforms for poverty reduction.
Loan provided to poorest countries with lower interest rates and longer repayment periods than typical or standard market or multilateral loans, i.e. less than market interest rates and extended grace period. Also known as a soft loan.
Economic polices or structural reforms that [borrowing] members agree to follow as a condition for the use of IMF and World Bank resources [loans] often called performance criteria or benchmarks.
IMF credit line established after the financial crisis in 1997-1999. Countries are required to satisfy certain conditions in order to join the CCL to provide emergency assistance. This facility was expired in November 2003.
Outlines the programme of policy reforms and projects for which the World Bank provides loans, ie financed by World Bank loans. The CAS document describes the Bank Group's strategy based on an assessment of priorities in the country, and also indicates the level and composition of assistance to be provided based on the strategy and the country's portfolio performance.
Included under final Country Economic and Sector Work Reports, which include a broad range of documents on borrower country economies and sectors.
Initiated by the Bank in the late 1970s, CPIAs consist of a set of criteria representing the different policy and institutional dimensions of an effective poverty reduction and growth strategy (e.g quality of budgetary and financial management, debt policy, gender equality...), and are intended to guide the allocation of IDA lending resources. For each criterion, countries are rated on a scale of 1 (very weak performance) to 6 (very strong performance), and a total rating for each country is calculated.
A tranche is an installment or portion of an IMF loan. Loans are often made for 18-month or three-year programmes and disbursed in tranches. Certain conditions must be met for the release of subsequent tranches.
Practice of including World Bank-related programme conditions in IMF programmes and vice-versa. Such actions should be reduced under new guidelines on streamlining conditions.
A form of relief in which a new loan or grant is arranged to enable the debtor country to meet the service requirements on an earlier loan.
Payments due under debt contracts. This includes payment of interest as it becomes due and payments of the original amount borrowed (principal). Where debt is long dated, a large proportion of the debt service may consist of interest payments.
Mechanism by which a country agrees to cease payments on its debts until a restructuring agreement has been negotiated with its creditors.
UK Government department for International Development, formerly the Overseas Development Administration (ODA).
INT investigates allegations of fraud and corruption in Bank operations and allegations of staff misconduct. It also assists in preventive efforts to protect Bank funds such as staff training.
A definition employed by the DEC to categorise countries eligible for Official Development Assistance.
This committee within the OECD provides a forum for consultation among the 21 donor countries on how to increase the level and effectiveness of aid flows to recipient countries.
A joint Bank-IMF forum, the DC meets twice a year to set broad Bank policy and advise the Board of Governors on development issues. DC'S 24 members are appointed by the executive Board of Directors. They are representative of all the member countries and usually ministers of Finance or Development.
Department of the World Bank responsible for collecting, studying and sharing information relating to development.
DG is an internet portal on development issues which seeks to promote sustainable development and poverty reduction through knowledge and resource sharing. Having been conceived and designed by the World Bank, it commenced operations as an independent not-for-profit organisation in July 2001.
An investment made to acquire or increase the productive capacity of a country, eg in machinery, factory or business.
The release of loan funds by the World Bank or IMF to a borrower government.
Effectively, the replacement of domestic currency by the United States dollar. In doing so, the country gives up its control of monetary policy. This is generally a response to a total lack of confidence in the domestic currency, often associated with high and prolonged inflation.
Owed by the World Bank and richer countries to citizens of borrowing, poorer countries, ecological debt includes atmospheric pollution and other costs to the global environment of unsustainable living. See Andrew Simmons, "Ecological Debt: the health of the planet and the wealth of nations", 2005: Pluto Press.
A UN initiative to promote universal primary education opportunities as a necessary component of poverty reduction. The efforts focus on assisting the marginalized, particularly girls, to secure access to a quality basic education.
The conferment of a sense of self-actualization or authority to an individual, group of individuals or an organization.
Facility established in 1987 to provide assistance on concessional terms to low-income member countries facing protracted balance of payments problems. Has been replaced in 2000 by the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF).
A study done to determine the probable environmental impact of a proposed project, to assess possible alternatives and to create environmental mitigation plans for a project that may have significant environmental impacts.
Strategy adopted by the World Bank in relation to the environmental dimensions of World Bank policies.
ESSD is a World Bank network on issues related to agriculture and rural development, environment, and social development.
The trust for special ESAF operations for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Interim ESAF operations. The trust was established in February 1997 to channel special assistance to eligible HIPCs.
A source of funding for development projects in Europe: mainly used to co-finance: productive investment leading to the creation or maintenance of jobs; infrastructure; local development initiatives and the business activities of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Assessment of impacts of a programme or policy against its objectives.
A committee of Executive Directors representing the decision-making forum for the World Bank and the IMF.
The Executive Directors are responsible for the World Bank and IMF daily activities in general. Five of the 24 EDs are appointed by the member countries having the largest number of shares in the Bank. The other countries are grouped into constituencies and represented by an Executive Director, elected every two years.
EITI aims to ensure that revenues from extractive industries contribute to sustainable development and poverty reduction. It was launched in September 2002 by British PM Tony Blair at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg and is carried out by U.K. Department for International Development.
Assessment undertaken by joint World Bank and IMF teams to determine the vulnerability of a country's financial sector and identify opportunities for restructuring and reform.
Conditionalities applied through IMF programmes, which focus on macroeconomic reforms to achieve macroeconomic stability, such as liberalisation of the exchange and interest rates.
Free Prior and Informed Consent is an international requirement for development projects that has been recognised as customary law by the Inter American Court of Human Rights since 1984. FPIC is most relevant to the protection of indigenous populations from unwelcome incursion and investment into their resources. Free Prior and Informed Consultation is a 2005 World Bank amendment which threatens the autonomy and human rights of indigenous peoples by removing the need for consent.
Disbursing the bulk of loans at the earlier part of the structural adjustment arrangements.
Group of 24 countries formed at Lima in 1972 to represent the interests of the developing countries in negotiations on international monetary matters.
Group of seven leading industrialized countries - USA, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Germany and Canada.
Group established in June 1964 by 77 developing countries to promote the collective economic interests of its members and enhances their joint negotiating capacity on major economic issues.
G-7 and Russia, group created in Denver in 1997.
Special arrangement under which several industrialised countries stand ready to provide substantial temporary loans to the IMF to allow it to lend extra resources to countries to arrest crises which risk impairing the international monetary system.
Guidelines that operational staff of the Bank use.
A World Bank-initiated, Internet-based forum facilitating the provision and exchange of information regarding development.
World Bank-initiated network linking professionals and research institutes for development policy formulation.
This helps developing countries address global environmental challenges and meet their obligations in this area.
Measures the concessionality of a loan expressed as the percentage by which the present value of the expected stream of repayments falls short of the repayments that would have been generated at a given reference rate of interest (usually market rate).
Forty-one low-income countries whose external debt level is deemed to be unsustainable.
Arrangement for reducing multilateral, bilateral and private sector debt for the poorest, most indebted countries.
An HGA is a legal agreement between a foreign investor and the local government which is designed to reduce financial and political risks posed to investors by sudden changes in national law. If a country breaks an agreement by interrupting or modifying a project it must pay a penalty, which can risk deterring interventions necessary to protect rights and enforce national laws that apply elsewhere in the country.
The 14th replenishment of the International Development Association's (IDA's) resources promised $33 billion to the world's 81 poorest countries during fiscal years 2006-2008. This represented a 25% increase since the previous replenishment.
Individuals appointed by governments who contribute to the IDA (see below). The deputies negotiate each three-year IDA agreement to help determine the focus of the IDA and monitor its effectiveness.
Letter from a government to the IMF outlining planned economic reforms to be made in relation to receiving an IMF loan. It includes a matrix of conditions that must be implemented in order to access the IMF's resources.
A newly-formed, independent office to carry out independent evaluation of IMF activities, operations and programmes.
The use of technology for communication and information dissemination.
This closely addresses the concerns of populations affected by the World Bank's operations and ensures they adhere to the institution's operational policies and procedures regarding the design, preparation and implementation of a project.
A financial institution responsible for the financing of social and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Document which outlines actions the government intends to take to develop a full a full Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It also contains details of intended macroeconomic policy reforms and may also include information on the country's poverty situation.
Otherwise known as the World Bank. The World Bank provides loans and development assistance to middle-income and lower-income countries with a stated aim of reducing poverty. Loans generally have a five-year grace period and must be repaid over a period of 15-20 years. The Bank obtains most of its funds through the sale of bonds in international capital markets and whilst not a profit maximizing organisation, has earned net income every year since 1948.
A member of The World Bank Group, ICSID is an arbitration tribunal created in 1966 to settle investment disputes between governments and private foreign investors.
The IDA offers assistance to the poorest countries, providing them with interest free loans, technical assistance and policy advice. The IDA is funded by wealthier nations and accounts for around 25 percent of all World Bank lending. IDA lends only to those countries that have a per capita income of less than $885 (1999 figures) and lack the financial ability to borrow from World Bank. At present, 78 countries are eligible to borrow from IDA.
A series of poverty reduction targets formulated at UN conferences which set goals for reducing absolute poverty levels, increasing primary school enrollment rates, reducing environmental degradation, etc by 2015.
Assists with private sector investments, primarily through mobilizing capital on international financial markets, and by providing technical assistance and advice to governments and businesses in developing countries. IFC has 174 members investing in 78 countries, with 40 percent of its investments in the financial sector.
Generic name given to all financial institutions operating on an international level, ranging from development banks, such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB), and monetary authorities, such as the IMF.
This is comprised of IMF governors. It meets twice a year and is the political governing body of the IMF.
The IMF is an international organization of 183 member countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange arrangements; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustment.
Following scrutiny of IFI activities by parliaments in recipient countries, IPP is a petition of MPs calling for democratic accountability of IFIs.
Multilateral trade regime originally to form part of the Bretton Woods regime with the World Bank and IMF. Plans for this were shelved and it is not until 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) that this proposal was fulfilled.
Committee comprising World Bank and IMF staff. The committee is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and Poverty Reduction Strategies. For the latter, it prepares an assessment for both IMF and World Bank boards on the suitability of PRSPs.
Forty-eight poor and vulnerable countries, defined by the UN with an annual per capita income of less than US$ 1 per day.
LICUS is a World Bank initiative for engaging in countries with "very weak policies, institutions and governance - including those emerging from conflict".
Countries with an annual per capita income of between US$ 766 and US$ 3035 in 1995.
A comprehensive listing of the World Bank's entire portfolio of proposed projects.
A proposed agreement on investment negotiated between OECD countries with the aim of facilitating unrestricted capital investment flows between member countries. The proposed agreement which was supposed to take effect in 1998 has now been shelved but proposals are underfoot to incorporate the agreement into the WTO (see WTO) agreement.
Aid channelled through multilateral institutions for use in or on behalf of aid recipient countries.
International institution with governmental membership, spanning several regions, including financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF, UN agencies and regional groupings.
MIGA aims to encourage foreign investment by providing guarantee to foreign investors against loss caused by non-commercial risks in developing countries. MIGA also provides capacity building and advisory services to help poor countries attract foreign investment.
A national action plan to achieve sustainable development goals. Each country is required to produce such a plan, after an agreement was reached at the UN Rio + 5 Conference.
Arrangements under which 25 member countries would be ready to lend to the IMF under circumstances similar to those covered by the General Arrangements to Borrow.
High-income countries. Otherwise known as Developed countries.
An "odious debt" is incurred and used for ends which, to the knowledge of the creditors, are contrary to the interests of the nation. The term was coined by Alexander Nahum Sack in 1927 in the wake of the Spanish American war, and is used to describe debts incurred by contemporary despotic regimes which ought to be legally unenforceable unless as personal debts of the regime.
The only Bank policy statements that are approved by the board of executive directors and are mandatory for all Bank staff.
OPs are short focused statements of Bank policy derived from the Bank's Articles of Agreement, general conditions and board-approved policies.
The use or receipt of monetary assets by the IMF, other than exchanges of monetary assets (transactions).
An independent evaluation unit reporting to the World Bank's executive directors, that rates the development impact and performance of all the Bank's completed lending operations. Results and recommendations are reported to the executive directors and fed back into the design and implementation of new policies and projects.
Group of thirty countries, mostly industrialised nations and transitional economies, membership of which is limited to countries sharing stated principles of "adherence to market economies, democracy, and respect for human rights".
Informal association of credit country finance ministers and Central Bankers which meets to negotiate bilateral debt rescheduling agreements with indebted country governments.
Donors to the International Development Association (IDA) who pay their contributions in freely convertible currency.
Donor who are entitled to pay most of their contributions to the International Development Association (IDA) in local currency.
Conditions on IMF loans which must be implemented in order to access the money.
The practice of making the IMF's resources available to its members in installments over the period of an arrangement. The pattern of phasing can be even, front-loaded of back-loaded depending on the financing needs and the speed of adjustment.
IMF department concerned with policy development and research. It ensures IMF policy is applied consistently through the country departments.
Now replaced by the PRSPs. PFPs outlined the state of the economy and the programme of action to be carried out by a government, in particular, those related to its programme with the IMF.
Assistance given by the World Bank to debtor nations facilitating the transaction from dependence on debt relief to sustainable economic growth. It is administered by the Bank's Post-Conflict Unit.
PSIA includes a variety of 'tools' and techniques, drawn from both economic and social approaches, which are used in combination to analyse a reform.
These documents include household surveys, a poverty profile and beneficiary assessments. They also include information about the participation of partners and stakeholders.
The IMF's concessional lending facility, which provides finance for Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Previously, this facility was called the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF).
Nationally-formulated strategies to reduce poverty. These aim to ensure broad stakeholder participation in formulating strategies, improve coordination among development partners and focus on combined resources of the international community to achieve poverty reduction goals.
PRSPs describe the country's macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes to promote growth and reduce poverty, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. In order for a country to qualify for multilateral debt relief, it must produce a PRSP.
Bank programme loan availability to countries in support of a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP).
Programme supported by the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility.
A type of conditionality. These conditions must be applied before a government has access to IMF lending.
Established in 2000, PEP is the IFC's business advisory program and implementer of technical assistance projects in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia.
Flows of money between countries owned by the private sector, for example, foreign direct investment.
New strategy developed by the World Bank to reduce public sector spending on essential goods and services and by promoting private sector provision of public services, such as health and education. Decision on the adoption of this strategy will be taken in December 2001.
A type of structural adjustment loan used to help finance a government's budget, for example, the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Support Credit.
IMF, World Bank or other donor lending to support an adjustment programme.
The main technical document of a project or sector loan that is extensive. It is only available to the public after a loan has been approved.
Document containing information on the background of the operation, objectives of the SAP, a loan description and a programme implementation.
World Bank department which ensures greater discipline in project preparation and supervision.
The capital subscription, expressed in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), that each member must pay to the IMF on joining. Up to 25 per cent is payable in SDRs or other acceptable reverse assets and the remainder in the members own currency. Quotas, which reflect member's relative size in the world economy, are normally reviewed every 5 years.
Repayments on loan to IMF.
Interest and principal payment on an IMF loan.
These address environmental social rural and legal issues of Bank operations. They affect the quality of all Bank products and services.
Reforms imposed via IMF programmes which focus on refining structural aspects of the economy to achieve macroeconomic stability.
Coordinated lending to a particular sector.
Programmes of reforms focused on restructuring a particular sector if the economy to encourage growth.
Definitions vary, but generally, enterprises employing between 50 and 250 workers, are commonly termed to be SMEs.
Public sector measures to protect the poor and vulnerable including public work schemes, unemployment benefits, food securities, etc.
Encompasses what is commonly termed as 'developing' and 'less developed' countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The SDR is the IMF's unit of account. IMF voting shares and loans are all denominated in SDRs. The SDR serves as the unit of account for a number of other international organizations, including the World Bank. The SDR is also used as an international reserve asset, to supplement members' existing reserve assets (official holdings of gold, foreign exchange, and reserve positions in the IMF).
Non-concessionary IMF loans for stabilisation programmes.
Major coordinating instrument for aid to Africa. Group of bilateral donors and multilateral lenders who provide resources to African countries.
Loans from IMF or World Bank for balance of payment assistance or budget support with attached policy or structural reform conditions.
Large loans made by the World Bank or IMF to developing countries which may carry strict financial and budgetary obligations or required reforms intended to open recipient countries to private investment and increase the recipient's competitiveness in the global economy. Reforms are usually orientated towards liberalisation, privatisation and reduction in government expenditure.
Joint World Bank, government and civil society initiative to review the impact of adjustment lending in seven borrowing countries.
A facility to provide financial assistance for countries experiencing exceptional capital account problems resulting from a sudden and disruptive loss of market confidence.
IMF monitoring of member countries' macroeconomic policies and financial sectors.
Includes both (1) Grants to nationals of aid recipient countries receiving education or training at home or abroad and (2) Payments to consultants, advisors and similar personnel in recipient countries.
An installment of a loan: IMF loans are disbursed incrementally to ensure adherence to attached conditions.
Companies which operate in more than one country but retains ownership and control in its home country.
Charges for primary education and health care at the point of use, user fees were introduced in poor countries by the World Bank and other donors in the 1980-90's to tackle severe under-funding. The financial burden of user fees restricts access to basic resources and the World Bank states that it no longer supports them but is so far unable to eliminate them despite pressure to do so.
A committee of highly-ranked individuals who make final decisions regarding all relevant issues on behalf of the institution.
The WCD was an independent, international, multi-stakeholder process which addressed the controversial issues associated with large dams, and whose report was released in 2000: "Dams and Development: A new framework for decision-making".
WDR is the World Bank's major analytical publication, printed annually.
Multilateral trading organisation comprising of 142 countries (as of July 2001) who accede to four major treaties governing almost every area of trade. Ascension into the WTO binds all members to all treaties and all provisions within the treaties (subject to a few minor exceptions) although grace periods are granted to individual members states as to when implementation of treaty provisions take place. The four main WTO agreements are: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); and Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS).


WANdisco Fusion 2.9 delivers new levels of performance and scalability, with a number of enhancements that make it easier to support hybrid big data deployments with continuous and consistent access across any mix of on-premise and cloud environments.
One of the most significant new features is the application of WANdisco's patented active transactional replication to the Hive metastore, used to support familiar SQL-like access to Hadoop. Changes made to table definitions and other objects in the Hive metastore are replicated to Hive metastore instances deployed with other Hadoop clusters. Data added to the underlying Hadoop cluster referencing the new object definitions is replicated to other Hadoop clusters in a subsequent step, to guarantee consistent access across clusters and locations.
Join us on October 5th as we present and demo the latest release of WANdisco Fusion.
Learn how you can break through the limitations of cloud object storage implementations with a LIVE DATA strategy. Moving to the cloud frees companies from their on-premises confines, and cloud object storage enables vast scalability and flexibility for data in its native format. Yet cloud object storage applications present their own challenges. Legacy solutions dictate what options can be deployed while the risk of vendor lock-in by choosing a single provider restricts future implementations and hampers pricing negotiation. A live data platform that enables active replication ensures that data that is always available, always consistent and always protected, fulfilling on the promise of cloud object storage.
Join us as Paul Scott-Murphy, WANdisco VP of Product Management, discusses the benefits of a cloud object storage approach empowered with a live data platform to help companies break down the silos and implement a robust multi cloud strategy.
Join us to learn how you can achieve continuous replication at scale between multiple Big Data and Cloud environments with guaranteed data consistency and continuous availability.
- How to meet stringent data availability and compliance requirements whilst seamlessly moving production data at petabyte scale from on-premises Big Data deployments to MS Azure.
- How to save money and achieve greater ROI with no need for dedicated hardware or storage systems.
- How to enable data to span HDFS, object storage, and other systems.
- How to select subsets of content for replication with fine-grained control over where data resides.
- How to recover from intermittent network or system failures automatically.
Register now to learn how to get the most value from your data while also meeting strict service level agreements.
Russ Hill, Account & Renewals Manager Americas at WANdisco. Russ Hill works with our existing SCM install base as an account manager and renewals specialist. He works closely with the WANdisco Professional Services team on all SCM service opportunities in North America and is currently responsible for all new SCM opportunities within the Americas.
Owen Ofiesh Software Configuration Manager at MaxLinear. Owen Ofiesh is the Software Configuration Manager for MaxLinear, a global chip design firm. With over 15 years experience in configuration management, he has a strong background in many of the most common SCM tools and platforms. Owen has worked with WANdisco Subversion MultiSite for over six years and has a great understanding of how it compares and contrasts with other SCM tools.
If business-critical applications with continually changing data are really moving to the cloud, the typical lift and shift approach of copying your data onto an appliance and shipping it back to the cloud vendor to load onto their storage days later, isn't going to work. Nor will the one-way batch replication solutions that can't maintain consistency between on-premises and cloud storage. Join us as we discuss how to migrate to the cloud without production downtime and post-migration deploy a true hybrid cloud, elastic data center solution that turns the cloud into a real-time extension of your on-premises environment. These capabilities enable a host of use cases, including using the cloud for offsite disaster recovery with no downtime and no data loss.
Fusion® 2.10, the new major release from WANdisco, adds support for seamless data replication at petabyte scale from Network File Systems for NetApp devices to any mix of on-premises and cloud environments. NetApp devices are now able to continue processing normal operations while WANdisco Fusion® allows data to replicate in phases with guaranteed consistency and no disruption to target environments, including those of cloud storage providers. This new capability supports hybrid cloud use cases for on-demand burst-out processing for data analytics and offsite disaster recovery with no downtime and no data loss.
In the traditional world of EDW, ETL pipelines are a troublesome bottleneck when preparing data for use in the data warehouse. ETL pipelines are notoriously expensive and brittle, so as companies move to Hadoop they look forward to getting rid of the ETL infrastructure.
But is it that simple? Some companies are finding that in order to move data between clusters for backup or aggregation purposes, whether on-premises or to the cloud, they are building systems that look an awful lot like ETL.
The cloud greatly extends disaster recovery options, yields significant cost savings by removing the need for DR hardware and support staff on-premises, and provides insurance against a total on-premises infrastructure failure. However, solutions available for cloud DR vary greatly, directly impacting the amount of downtime and data loss experienced after an outage. Join us as we review the solutions available and explain how the cloud can be used for on-premises system DR with virtually zero downtime and data loss.
Paul Scott-Murphy, WANdisco VP of Product Management will explain the benefits of moving to the cloud and review the AWS tools available for cloud migration and hybrid cloud deployments.
Join experts from New Context and WANdisco as they explain the tools and techniques for securely managing big data in hybrid cloud environments.
Attendees will learn what's required for effective data governance with the highest levels of availability and performance on-premises and in the cloud.
In this webinar, our experts will review the storage options available to Hadoop architects and provide recommendations for each use case, including an active-active replication option that makes data available across multiple storage systems.
Join us on October 6th at 10AM Pacific, 1PM Eastern as we present and demo the latest release of WANdisco Fusion.
GigaOM analyst William McKnight will be joined by experts from Qubole and WANdisco, who will explain the benefits of moving to the cloud and review the tools available for cloud migration and hybrid cloud deployments.
Learn what's required to avoid the downtime and business disruption that often accompany cloud migration projects.
Global enterprises have quietly funneled enormous amounts of data into Hadoop over the last several years. Hadoop has transformed the way organizations deal with big data. By making vast quantities of rich unstructured and semi-structured data quickly and cheaply accessible, Hadoop has opened up a host of analytic capabilities that were never possible before, to drive business value.
The challenges have revolved around operationalizing Hadoop to enterprise standards, and leveraging cloud-based Hadoop as a service (HaaS) options offering a vast array of analytics applications and processing capacity that would be impossible to deploy and maintain in-house.
- Continuous availability with guaranteed data consistency across Hadoop clusters any distance apart, both on-premises and in the cloud.
- Migration to cloud without downtime and hybrid cloud for burst-out processing and offsite disaster recovery.
- Flexibility to eliminate Hadoop distribution vendor lock-in and support migration to cloud without downtime or disruption.
- IBM's BigInsights in the cloud, and BigSQL, which allows you to run standard ANSI compliant SQL against your Hadoop data.
Data is coming from everywhere. The first challenge is just being able to get hold of it, curate and convey it in a secure and transparent manner. Hortonworks Data Flow is the tool that collects data at the edge, processes and secures data in motion and brings data into your data-at-rest platform (HDP).
Once you have your data collected in a valuable data lake, you need resilience, control over its location, and safety against failure. That's where Wandisco Fusion & Hortonworks HDP come in. With Wandisco Fusion on HDP, an enterprise can now build an effective, fast and secure data engine out of multiple Hadoop clusters, getting the most business value out of its HDP deployment with a reliable and high-performing Big Data service.
Join Hortonworks & WANdisco on this webinar to learn how to make this into reality.
WANdisco is shaping the future of data infrastructure with its groundbreaking LIVE DATA platform, enabling companies to finally put all their data to work for the business - all the time, at any scale. Only WANdisco makes data always available, always accurate, and always protected, delivering hyperscale economics to support exponential data growth with the same IT budget.


Here are a few LEGO facts, records, stats and important dates in history you may, or may not know about the world's most beloved maker of building blocks. As with all my other stat posts, this list will grow and be updated periodically.
With this list, I decided to venture beyond my digital marketing stat "comfort zone" and curate a list of stats and facts pertaining to a product that I have been interested in for well over thirty years: LEGO®.
LEGO (yes, it is always all caps and singular) has a very interesting history. LEGO actually began as a wooden toy produced by Danish toymaker Ole Krik Christiansen in 1932. They remained wooden until 1947 and didn't become an interlocking system until 1949. There has been ups and downs for LEGO over the years, but the company, and the toy, have endured and stand today as one of the largest toys, and brands, in the world.
How many LEGO employees are there globally?
A life-sized Ford Mustang 1964½ V8 Coupe LEGO replica contains 194,900 bricks and took 1,200 hours to complete.
The world's largest LEGO store is 914 sqm.
LEGO is Number 2 on the list of most regarded companies in the world.
Please note that some of these LEGO facts and stats are easier to find than others, so some of these are based on news reports and not official company tallies. All stats are linked to their source unless it was sent to me directly from the company. No stat listed on DMR should be considered in making any type of investment decision. In other words: This is the best I can find, but I don't guarantee anything.
Interesting FAO Schwarz Statistics and Facts (2019) | By the Numbers More FAO Schwarz statistics and facts than you will ever need to know including revenue and much more. Updated 2019.
Interesting Hasbro Statistics and Facts (2019) | By the Numbers More Hasbro statistics and facts than you will ever need to know including revenue and much more. Updated September 2018.


Hyderabad: While most parks are out of bounds for dogs, a park has been developed especially for dogs in the city. This is the first park of its kind in the country.
The park, spread over 1.5 acres, has all the facilities for exercising and training dogs. The park, developed by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, has separate enclosures for big and small dogs, two pools and equipment needed to train dogs.
Such parks are common in the Western countries but it is for the first time that such a facility has been developed in India, a municipal corporation official said.
The park has been developed at a cost of Rs 1.2 crore at a place which was a dump yard. Pet lovers and specialists were consulted while preparing the design.


Character Lab Research Director, Andrew Sokatch, has a sobering yet attainable message regarding the education of today's youth. While test scores and the reading, writing, math, science behind them are important, we are not properly and wholly educating our children if we aren't also teaching character. Andrew argues character can and should be taught in schools, noting grit, persistence, self-control, courage, and humor, are all critical life skills for successful employment, marriages, and citizenship.
A man spent 8 months learning how to ride a backwards framed bicycle and then re-learn how to ride a regular bicycle. There are many connections to the character dare and character card process.
What trials unite not only Harry Potter or Frodo Baggins but many of literature's most interesting heroes? Matthew Winkler takes us step-by-step through the crucial events that make or break a hero.