A new University of California-Berkeley program aimed at providing students educational and research opportunities in the area of sustainable products and solutions is being funded by The Dow Chemical Co. Foundation.
The foundation has given $2 million for initial financing, and intends to provide a total of $10 million during the next five years and to help the program secure additional foundation and corporate sponsors.
The program will focus on sustainability issues involving society, science, engineering, the environment and finance. The program's interdisciplinary nature will enable students to take into account all aspects of a product's life, including those related to finance, environment, production and its interactions with people.
Projects funded within this program could be wide-ranging. They could include expanding clean drinking water supplies and exploring how to measure a product supply chain's environmental footprint. Learning opportunities also could involve many undergraduate students who assist with graduate student projects.
A request for proposals will be issued later this fall seeking research and education ideas, primarily from master's degree-level and doctoral students at UC Berkeley.
Based at the Center for Responsible Business at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business, the Sustainable Products and Solutions Program is being established in partnership with UC-Berkeley's College of Chemistry.
A steering committee comprised of faculty from disciplines across campus will make funding decisions. Funding for the first round of research and education projects likely will be announced in early 2008.
Dow's Tony Kingsbury, an executive-in-residence at the Center for Responsible Business, said funding the education and research program in sustainability is a first for his company's foundation. Kingsbury said one of his immediate goals will be to help generate additional funding from other foundation and corporate partners.
The Dow Chemical Co. will not be involved in the SPS Program decision-making. All research to be funded by the new program will be the property of UC Berkeley.
"The (Sustainable Products and Solutions) Program will offer unique opportunities to support education and research related to all aspects of sustainability, and has the potential to help shape policies and benefit society for years to come," said Douglas Clark, a UC-Berkeley professor of chemical engineering and faculty co-chair of the program steering committee. "We are truly delighted to be a part of this very important initiative."
Kellie McElhaney, executive director of the Center for Responsible Business and program director for the Sustainable Products and Solutions Program, said the program gives the school the opportunity to offer seminars, student competitions, research, internships, field projects and fellowships that will help graduate students bridge research, theory and practice in sustainability.


text:
PTI feed
GSS Infotech, Announces Its Quarterly Results for Q1 FY2020 Reporting an Increase in Consolidated PAT of Rs. 0.63 Cr., From Rs. 1.07 Cr. to 1.70 Cr., an Increase of 58.8 Percent QoQ
PTI Last Updated: August 14, 2019 | 17:22 IST
(Eds: Disclaimer: The following press release comes to you under an arrangement with Business Wire India. PTI takes no editorial responsibility for the same.) Consolidated Revenues were maintained at Rs. 37.55 Cr. almost the same as previous quarter which stood at Rs. 37.62 Cr. Hyderabad, India – Business Wire India GSS Infotech Limited, a global IT services company, today announced its results for the first quarter of FY20, ending June 30th, 2019, on a consolidated and standalone basis. Financial Highlights • Apr - June 2019 • Consolidated Revenues were Rs. 37.55 Cr. for Q1 FY 20 compared to Rs. 37.62 Cr. for Q4 FY 19., reporting a QoQ decrease of 0.20%. • Consolidated PAT stood at Rs. 1.70 Cr. for Q1 FY 20 compared to Rs. 1.07 Cr. for the previous quarter reporting a QoQ increase of 58.8% • Standalone Revenues stood at Rs. 8.48 Cr. in Q1 FY 20, compared to Rs. 8.55 Cr. the previous quarter and increased from Rs. 6.55 Cr. from the same quarter the last year, representing a QoQ drop of 0.82%. • Standalone PAT stood at Rs. 0.53 Cr. down from Rs. 0.83 Cr. for Q1 FY 2020 and down from Rs. 2.80 Cr. from the same period last year. This represents a QoQ drop of 36%. The results for Q1 FY20 were taken on record at the meeting of the Board of Directors held today. During the current quarter, the company has been consistent in performance with the previous quarter and operationally the company has maintained Revenues yet increased the PAT compared to the previous quarter. However, we foresee the strong performance for rest of the year. Management Outlook GSS Infotech stays focused on Digital Transformation, Automation and Security for enterprises and technology providers in key technologies like Application development, Infrastructure management services, Cloud and Security focused on the ME, ASEAN and US region having its global delivery centre in Hyderabad. GSS continues to strengthen its proven expertise in Application development, Infrastructure Management and IT services while adding Automation capabilities. Speaking on the company's performance, Mr. Bhargav Marepally, Founder CEO, GSS Infotech Limited said, "though there is a nominal dip in the Revenues, the company did better on the profitability compared to the previous quarter. The company is continuing to actively pursue inorganic strategies. To that end the company is in active discussions with more than one target entity to potentially acquire them." About GSS Infotech GSS Infotech, established in 1999, is an Information Technology company headquartered in Hyderabad, India. The company specializes in cloud computing, Security and remote infrastructure management services, virtualization solutions and application management services. GSS Infotech has offices in Connecticut, New Jersey and Hyderabad. PWR PWR
Strict action being taken against those trying to disturb peace in Jaipur: CM
IAF's Abhinandan Varthaman gets Vir Chakra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ADVICE – I have going concerns regarding CAPE EXPRESS, which is why he has been dropped from the three I'll work with. I also have a slight concern about the form of the McCain yard, too and because of that RAYA STAR gets my 20/80 vote. A previous course and distance winner, running for a stable on blob with the going not an issue, he'll do for me.
ADVICE – Again my top rated falls down on my having a concern about underfoot conditions. No such problem for the trio I have opted to work with but both MATUNI and POQUELIN have to prove they stay this far…no such worries regarding JOIN TOGETHER though and I'll play that one 20/80.
ADVICE – I cannot get anything like a decent grip on the Irish raider, KALELLSHAN so I will keep staking on the low side here. My top rated has trip, track and going all spot on so, with his being clear, he'll get the single play but this does have the "feel" of a tricky one.
ADVICE – The only race I have for rating at Wetherby and I have to say, I'm happy with my figures. If the winner is outside my top six races I'll be disappointed….and poorer.
ADVICE – I am trying to organise my diary to enable us to take a trip up to meet James Ewart on the 14th….he opens up his new gallops and Michael Dickinson is flying over from America to do the official unveiling. I also want to speak to him about him training for the 500 Club in Scotland so, I wish him luck with SACRE TOI, here. He trades short on the tissue and six spots behind my top rated, who trades second best in the market. That suggests my figures are bang on and I'll play them exactly as they have fallen.
ADVICE – The worst race today and it will be played as it has fallen, to very low staking. My top rated is the only horse in this event having previously won on soft but what that amounts to would not exactly be much of anything.
ADVICE – Top pairing agin fit the bill and with my top rated having proven himself over this trip previously….here….and back on easier ground, I'll quite happily work with the numbers.
ADVICE – REALT MOR is considered to have bundles of ability but, he does look brittle. He may well start to produce the goods this season but until he does that, he's got the figure he has. PROSECCO loves this track, three times a winner here, once over CD. The going is not an issue (it might be for the favourite) and all in all, I have to put faith in my figures.
ADVICE – I pity the poor commentator here! Interesting that Donald McCain sends just one here this afternoon and if my figures are right, that 400+ mile round trip will bear fruit. I'm of a mind this will be run at a fair clip and fitness will mean a lot so, hopefully the McCain yard finds that form today.


text:
Nubeoscincus stellaris — вид сцинкоподібних ящірок родини сцинкових (Scincidae). Ендемік Нової Гвінеї.

Поширення і екологія
Nubeoscincus stellaris мешкають у високогірних районах гір Стар на кордоні індонезійської провінції Високогірне Папуа і папуанської провінції Сандаун. Вони живуть на високогірних луках, у високогірних папоротевих заростях та у вологих хмарних лісах. Зустрічаються на висоті від 3040 до 3200 м над рівнем моря.

Примітки

Сцинкові
Тварини, описані 2005
Плазуни Нової Гвінеї
Ендемічна фауна Нової Гвінеї

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cancer research has transformed the lives of millions of people who are now thriving despite living with cancer. The cancer center investigators at UMGCCC have made it their vocations to gain further scientific knowledge about cancer, to develop cancer treatments that are more effective and have fewer side effects, and to better prevent cancer or to detect it at an earlier stage to provide patients with improved prognoses.
This section contains information about UMGCCC's research programs, a list of our cancer center investigators, useful information for conducting research at UMGCCC including how to find and secure funding, how to apply for a postdoctoral fellowship with us, and on-campus opportunities to learn more about the cutting-edge oncology research taking place today in the United States and beyond.


text:
package importer

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/compute-image-import/cli_tools/common/utils/daisyutils"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/compute-image-import/cli_tools/common/utils/validation"
)

func Test_FixBYOLAndOSFlags(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		originalOSID, expectedOSID string
		originalBYOL, expectedBYOL bool
	}{{
		originalOSID: "rhel-8",
		originalBYOL: true,
		expectedOSID: "rhel-8-byol",
		expectedBYOL: false,
	}, {
		originalOSID: "rhel-8-byol",
		originalBYOL: true,
		expectedOSID: "rhel-8-byol",
		expectedBYOL: false,
	}, {
		originalOSID: "rhel-8",
		originalBYOL: false,
		expectedOSID: "rhel-8",
		expectedBYOL: false,
	}, {
		originalOSID: "rhel-8-byol",
		originalBYOL: false,
		expectedOSID: "rhel-8-byol",
		expectedBYOL: false,
	}, {
		originalOSID: "",
		originalBYOL: true,
		expectedOSID: "",
		expectedBYOL: true,
	}, {
		originalOSID: "",
		originalBYOL: false,
		expectedOSID: "",
		expectedBYOL: false,
	},
	} {
		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", tt), func(t *testing.T) {
			FixBYOLAndOSArguments(&tt.originalOSID, &tt.originalBYOL)
			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedOSID, tt.originalOSID)
			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedBYOL, tt.originalBYOL)
		})
	}
}

func Test_validate_RequiresImageName(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.ImageName = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "image_name")
}

func Test_validate_ValidatesImageNameUsesValidationUtil(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.ImageName = "-no-starting-dashes"
	assert.Equal(t, request.validate(), validation.ValidateImageName(request.ImageName))
}

func Test_validate_AllowsValidImageName(t *testing.T) {
	// Allowable name format: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/images
	for _, imgName := range []string{
		"dashes-allowed-inside",
		"a", // min length is 1
		"o-----equal-to-max-63-----------------------------------------o",
	} {
		t.Run(imgName, func(t *testing.T) {
			request := makeValidRequest()
			request.ImageName = imgName
			assert.NoError(t, request.validate())
		})
	}
}

func Test_validate_RequiresExecutionID(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.ExecutionID = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "execution_id")
}

func Test_validate_RequiresWorkflowDir(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.WorkflowDir = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "workflow_dir")
}

func Test_validate_NetworkIsOptional(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Network = ""
	assert.NoError(t, request.validate())
}

func Test_validate_SubnetIsOptional(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Subnet = ""
	assert.NoError(t, request.validate())
}

func Test_validate_RequiresProject(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Project = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "project")
}

func Test_validate_RequiresScratchBucket(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.ScratchBucketGcsPath = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "scratch_bucket_gcs_path")
}

func Test_validate_RequiresSource(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Source = nil
	assertMissingField(t, request, "source")
}

func Test_validate_RequiresTimeout(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Timeout = 0
	assertMissingField(t, request, "timeout")
}

func Test_validate_RequiresZone(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.Zone = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "zone")
}

func Test_validate_ValidatesExecutionId(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.ExecutionID = ""
	assertMissingField(t, request, "execution_id")
}

func assertMissingField(t *testing.T, request ImageImportRequest, fieldName string) bool {
	err := request.validate()
	return assert.EqualError(t, err, fieldName+" has to be specified")
}

func makeValidRequest() ImageImportRequest {
	return ImageImportRequest{
		ExecutionID:           "execution-id",
		CloudLogsDisabled:     true,
		ComputeEndpoint:       "https://google.com",
		ComputeServiceAccount: "csa",
		WorkflowDir:           "path/to/workflows",
		DataDisk:              false,
		DaisyLogLinePrefix:    "import-image",
		Description:           "description",
		Family:                "family",
		GcsLogsDisabled:       true,
		ImageName:             "ubuntu20",
		Inspect:               true,
		Labels:                nil,
		Network:               "default",
		NoExternalIP:          true,
		NoGuestEnvironment:    true,
		Oauth:                 "encoded-oauth",
		OS:                    "ubuntu-2004",
		Project:               "project-name",
		ScratchBucketGcsPath:  "bucket-name-execution-id",
		Source:                fileSource{},
		StdoutLogsDisabled:    true,
		StorageLocation:       "us",
		Subnet:                "default",
		SysprepWindows:        true,
		Timeout:               time.Hour,
		UefiCompatible:        true,
		Zone:                  "us-central1-a",
	}
}

func Test_validate_FailsWhenOSNotRegistered(t *testing.T) {
	request := makeValidRequest()
	request.OS = "rare-distro-12"
	err := request.validate()
	if err == nil {
		t.Fatal("Expected error")
	}
	assert.Regexp(t, "`rare-distro-12` is invalid", err.Error())
}

func Test_validate_ChecksForConflictingArguments(t *testing.T) {
	var flagtests = []struct {
		name          string
		request       ImageImportRequest
		expectedError string
	}{
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{DataDisk: true, OS: "ubuntu"},
			expectedError: "when -data_disk is specified, -os and -custom_translate_workflow should be empty",
		},
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{DataDisk: true, CustomWorkflow: "workflow.json"},
			expectedError: "when -data_disk is specified, -os and -custom_translate_workflow should be empty",
		},
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{OS: "ubuntu", CustomWorkflow: "workflow.json"},
			expectedError: "-os and -custom_translate_workflow can't be both specified",
		},
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{BYOL: true, OS: "ubuntu"},
			expectedError: "when -byol is specified, -data_disk, -os, and -custom_translate_workflow have to be empty",
		},
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{BYOL: true, CustomWorkflow: "workflow.json"},
			expectedError: "when -byol is specified, -data_disk, -os, and -custom_translate_workflow have to be empty",
		},
		{
			request:       ImageImportRequest{BYOL: true, DataDisk: true},
			expectedError: "when -byol is specified, -data_disk, -os, and -custom_translate_workflow have to be empty",
		},
	}
	for _, tt := range flagtests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			toValidate := makeValidRequest()
			toValidate.DataDisk = tt.request.DataDisk
			toValidate.OS = tt.request.OS
			toValidate.CustomWorkflow = tt.request.CustomWorkflow
			toValidate.BYOL = tt.request.BYOL
			toValidate.DataDisk = tt.request.DataDisk
			err := toValidate.validate()
			assert.EqualError(t, err, tt.expectedError)
		})
	}
}

func Test_EnvironmentSettings(t *testing.T) {
	request := ImageImportRequest{
		Project:                     "panda",
		Zone:                        "us-west",
		ScratchBucketGcsPath:        "gs://bucket/path",
		Oauth:                       "oauth-info",
		Timeout:                     time.Hour * 3,
		ComputeEndpoint:             "endpoint-uri",
		DaisyLogLinePrefix:          "disk-0",
		GcsLogsDisabled:             true,
		CloudLogsDisabled:           true,
		StdoutLogsDisabled:          true,
		Network:                     "network",
		Subnet:                      "subnet",
		ComputeServiceAccount:       "email@example.com",
		NoExternalIP:                true,
		WorkflowDir:                 "workflow-dir",
		NestedVirtualizationEnabled: true,
	}
	expected := daisyutils.EnvironmentSettings{
		Project:                     "panda",
		Zone:                        "us-west",
		GCSPath:                     "gs://bucket/path",
		OAuth:                       "oauth-info",
		Timeout:                     "3h0m0s",
		ComputeEndpoint:             "endpoint-uri",
		DaisyLogLinePrefix:          "disk-0",
		DisableGCSLogs:              true,
		DisableCloudLogs:            true,
		DisableStdoutLogs:           true,
		Network:                     "network",
		Subnet:                      "subnet",
		ComputeServiceAccount:       "email@example.com",
		NoExternalIP:                true,
		WorkflowDirectory:           "workflow-dir",
		NestedVirtualizationEnabled: true,
	}
	assert.Equal(t, expected, request.EnvironmentSettings())
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Coaching Clinic Lesson #11: Managing Triangles: Strategies and Skills
The final segment in a monthly series of 11 posts presenting my thinking and experience on the topic of coaching
Last month, I discussed four distinctive triangle patterns that leaders regularly observe as coaches in organizations: solution requests, exclusion moves, anxious agreement and bickering colleagues.
This month, I'll suggest guiding strategies and skills for managing oneself in any relationship triangle. Then, I'll apply those guidelines to the four patterns mentioned above.
Guiding Strategies and Skills
No matter what form a triangle takes, having clear guidelines improves one's likelihood of a desirable outcome.
I try to live by the following guidelines for managing myself in triangles, and regularly teach these strategies in presentations and courses. These guidelines have been influenced by the thinking of Drs. Murray Bowen, Edwin Friedman and Laurie Lassiter:
1. Maintain a neutral stance in a triangle and resist taking sides. Be slow to agree with the messenger.
2. Stay in emotional contact with both sides in a triangle. Seek one-on-one relationships that are not dependent on others.
3. Recognize that one cannot take responsibility for a change in the relationship between two others. Any change between two others must come from them.
4. Attempts to shift the relationship between two others may feed their helplessness and immaturity while increasing one's own level of anxiety.
5. One can most effectively influence a reduction in tension between two others by remaining thoughtful and coaching each of the others towards responsibility.
6. Observe situations broadly, without blaming or scapegoating. Consider the context, instead of getting fixated on "who's right and who's at fault."
7. Allow two others to be "cozy" without interfering. Develop the capacity to remain in the outside position of a triangle without feeling threatened.
8. Being in the outside position of a triangle often feels like rejection from two others in the inside position. Normalize that "rejection" by reducing self-importance and approval-seeking. Develop the ability to see that exclusion can have its own advantages in life.
9. Secrets easily breed anxious distance and hostility. Note the extent to which your secret keeping is automatic vs. thoughtful. An example of an automatic secret is one motivated by the desire for acceptance. An example of a thoughtful secret is deciding to keep a confidence when doing so makes sense.
10. Do the opposite of what comes naturally, for example, taking things personally, wanting to be included or desiring approval.
Guided by the above strategies and skills, let's now consider how a leader might respond to the four common workplace triangles: solution requests, exclusion moves, anxious agreement and bickering colleagues.
Solution Requests
Leonard, two years out of law school, reports to Tabari, a partner in a bustling law firm.
Leonard approaches Tabari with a problem: "My file load is too heavy. I need you to tell me which files are most urgent, and which ones I can wait on, or give away to other attorneys."
Tabari is tempted to tell Leonard which files to keep and which put on hold, but she catches herself:
Tabari: "I'd like to hear your own assessment of which files are the highest priorities."
Leonard: "But to do that, I'd have to review all the files – I have 31 files - very time consuming"
Tabari: "Is there a way to do a cursory review and come up with the priorities?"
Leonard: "You mean, like, skim the files?"
Tabari: "Right – say, a 60-second review of each file, before prioritizing."
Leonard: "I could try."
Tabari: "OK, great. Can you bring me the 10 highest priorities in an hour then?"
Leonard: "I'll give it a whack."
Note how Tabari keeps the problem in Leonard's lap, doesn't give an answer, and holds Leonard accountable for independent thinking.
Exclusion Moves
Bernie oversees two project managers, Charlie and Jacinta. One day, Jacinta notices Charlie and Bernie going out to lunch. She wonders why she's not invited.
This really bothers her. At first, she plays the rejection/exclusion card: "Why doesn't Bernie ever invite me to lunch?" "Is Charlie trying to exclude me and kiss up to Bernie?"
Jacinta is tempted to jump to conclusions. Instead, she reflects on what she can do to build a stronger relationship with both Charlie and Bernie.
Over the next few months, she initiates lunches and other one-on-one conversations with Bernie and Charlie. She builds a stronger connection with each, individually.
Not long afterwards, Bernie invites Jacinta to lunch!
Anxious Agreement
Siblings Mandy, Rita and Kevin work in a successful family business as second generation employees. Their father, the majority shareholder, has requested their input on who would be best suited to lead the business into the future.
Mandy: "I love Kevin, but I don't want him to be my boss. Do you agree?"
Rita: "It will be interesting to hear Dad's thinking about the future."
Mandy: "I don't think Kevin's very open-minded."
Rita: "I wonder if he could gain anything from hearing that."
Mandy: "Yes, but I feel intimidated around him."
Rita: "Have you told him?"
Notice how Mandy tries to lure Rita into agreement. Also note that Rita continually resets the focus back to Mandy, refuses to bad-mouth Kevin and challenges Mandy to take appropriate responsibility for her relationship with Kevin.
Bickering Colleagues
In last month's blog, I mentioned Sinja and Janet, who both report to David, the head of IT.
They have made it clear they don't respect each other and do not want to work together. Each confides in David about the other's deficiencies.
Because David possesses "triangle savvy," he individually challenges the bickering colleagues about each one's own part in the feud.
David asks Janet:
"Have you told Sinja what you're telling me?"
"Do you see it as my job to change Sinja for your sake?"
"What is your part in this?
"Have you owned your part in conversations with Sinja?"
David says to Sinja:
"I wish I could do something to patch you two up, but it's out of my control."
"Can you increase your understanding of Janet?"
"How many years do you want to stay mad at her?"
"I think this a great challenge for you to take on."
David refuses to get in the middle and instead puts the responsibility for the problem on Sinja and Janet. Over time, both employees begin making conciliatory moves towards each other.
Thinking about how to respond to the various triangles one encounters is an important part of coaching. Perhaps you'll find, as I have, that the majority of coaching interactions reveal a triangle-in-motion: The coach, the coachee and the problem.


As far as apologies go, it will have to do.
Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani, a man not known for second-guessing his own pronouncements, acknowledged this week that he could have been more gracious when his own task force on police-community relations presented him with a final report that he found wanting.
But Mr. Giuliani was somewhat more repentant in private than he was in public, as evidenced by a published account of his interview on Tuesday with Stanley Crouch, a Daily News columnist who was one of the 33 people the Mayor appointed to the task force last summer.
''I made the mistake of giving the impression that the task force recommendations with which I agree -- somewhere between, say, 60 and 75 percent -- were of no interest to me,'' he told Mr. Crouch. ''That is exactly the opposite of what I think.
These comments were considerably less antagonistic than the ones the Mayor made last week, shortly after receiving the report, which he had ordered last August after Abner Louima was reported to have been beaten and tortured inside a Brooklyn precinct's station house.
Some of the recommendations were ''unrealistic and make very little sense,'' he said then, adding that those he did agree with were already being carried out. He also made a sarcastic reference to one of the lesser recommendations.
Several task force members expressed disappointment and even anger when they learned of the Mayor's initial response. But what made Mr. Giuliani's reaction even more remarkable was that many of the people he appointed to the task force were political and ideological allies, from Guy V. Molinari, the Staten Island Borough President, to Eric Breindel, a New York Post executive (who died a few weeks ago).
In his public and private discussions of the task force recommendations, Mr. Giuliani said that he was particularly annoyed with a proposal to raise the salaries of the city's police officers to be commensurate with officers in surrounding areas, including Nassau County. ''To have the task force embrace that recommendation and put it back on the table was a real disaster,'' he said.


The bond between a husband and wife is something that is treasured for years and years and even until death. Nevertheless, this bond can be broken with the sudden departure of a wife. A husband who lost a wife and children who lost a mother are left with nothing except to grieve over the loss. A wife's death is a very difficult time not just for the husband but for the children as well. It is best to show a friend how much you care for him and the rest of his family by writing a sympathy letter that comes from the heart.
I heard of the sudden demise of your wife and was shocked. I do understand the bond between Tina and yourself. I fondly remember her as a compassionate and affectionate woman towards relatives and friends. I can proudly count Tina as one of my dearest friends because she was someone I could confide with confidence. I share my deepest condolences and please know that I am here to stand by you in this very difficult time. While it is not a matter of forgetting easily, I suggest you get on with life until the end. I know you can surpass the pain and the loss.


Do you shop on Amazon? Did you know that Amazon will donate a portion of the proceeds for your sale to St. Mary's School! Click here or on the Amazon Smile box below to choose St. Mary's School as your charity.
Then, click here to take a look at the St. Mary's Catholic School Wish List.


text:
Tag Archives: Asiana Airlines
San Francisco Plane Crash: Crew Tried To Abort Landing
The doomed Asiana Airlines jetliner had its throttles set to idle and was moving so slowly that it nearly stalled before it smashed into a seawall bordering a San Francisco International Airport runway, federal investigators said Sunday.
The crew tried to abort the landing and avert the disaster, which killed two teenage passengers and injured dozens of others, but it was too late, according to a preliminary review of flight data and cockpit communications by the National Transportation Safety Board.
The crew sought to accelerate 7 1/2 seconds before impact, investigators said. Three seconds later, a vibrating "shaker stick" in the cockpit signaled an impending stall – a condition in which the wings lose lift and a plane can't be controlled.
And with 1 1/2 seconds left, someone on board alerted an air traffic controller that the Boeing 777 jetliner would try to pull up and circle around. It could not, and at 11:27 a.m. Saturday it bounced and skidded across the ground, losing its tail before it came to rest on the side of Runway 28L.
Read more: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-plane-crash-Crew-tried-to-abort-landing-4650990.php
By Roy • Posted in Everything Else	• Tagged Asiana Airlines, Boeing 777, Deborah Hersman, Lee Jeong-min, Lee Kang-guk, National Transportation Safety Board, plane crash, Robert Foucrault, San Francisco, San Francisco International Airport, South Korea, Wang Lin Jia, Ye Meng Yuan
2 Killed, 49 Badly Hurt In San Francisco International Airport Plane Crash
Map of California (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
SAN FRANCISCO — Two people were killed and 49 people were seriously injured Saturday when a Boeing 777 passenger jetliner arriving from Seoul crashed and caught fire while landing at San Francisco International Airport, officials said.
The plane, Asiana Airlines Flight 214 with 307 people onboard, slammed to earth at 11:27 a.m. and came to rest on the side of Runway 28L, one of four runways at SFO, said Lynn Lunsford, a spokeswoman with the Federal Aviation Administration. The plane appeared to make impact short of the runway and then spin as it careened across the ground – losing its tail and leaving a trail of debris.
There were 291 passengers and 16 crew members aboard. Two people were killed, 49 were seriously hurt, another 132 suffered lesser injuries and went to area hospitals, and one person was unaccounted for, SFO spokesman Doug Yakel said at an evening press conference at the airport. The other 123 people onboard were not injured.
The injuries "are consistent with the types of injuries you would see in a plane crash or fire," said Rachael Kagan, a spokeswoman at San Francisco General Hospital, where five people were in critical condition. "Many burns, fractures and internal injuries."
Read more: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/2-killed-49-badly-hurt-in-SFO-plane-crash-4650259.php
By Roy • Posted in Everything Else	• Tagged Asiana Airlines, Boeing 777, Federal Aviation Administration, fire, injuries, plane crash, Runway, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco International Airport, Seoul


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Abigail by Jess Heileman -- Review
For Abigail Blakeslee, becoming a debutante and entering Society is happening far too quickly. But now, foregoing her first Season has brought an unwanted invitation to join her aunt and cousins for a summer at Timpton House, the large estate of the Stanton family. Reluctantly accepting, Abigail is thrust into the vexing world of social propriety and match making. More vexing still is her cousin's suitor, the young Timpton heir—Edwin Stanton. Moody and distant at times, remarkably endearing at others, Edwin seems a puzzle she can never solve, but can never quite put away. But then, Abigail has her own secret to hide–her own mystery to conceal. Perhaps such puzzles are better left unsolved, or perhaps love can find a solution.
Praise for Abigail
I eagerly look forward to more books by this debut author. If you enjoyed Edenbrooke by Julianne Donaldson, then this is just the book for you. ~Deanna I love a delicious story full of conflicting personalities, hidden secrets, and a budding romance, and this one is just that. I'm quite surprised that Heileman is a debut author, as I found this to be a very entertaining and engaging story. My emotions and attention were held hostage for several hours and I'm looking forward to more stories by this author! ~Katie I love how this story unfolded. Insight came little by little as I came to know the characters more and more. It was perfect. By the end, I really felt like a movie had just played out in my mind and in my heart. The build-up to the romantic, sigh-worthy ending was fantastic. I'm sighing just thinking about it! ~Aimee This is Jess Heileman's first novel, and I am excited for her to write more! Edwin and Abigail were easy to love and cheer for, and there was a host of secondary characters who were also fun to get to know! ~Alisa Abigail sucked me in from the first page and I had a hard time putting it down. A sweet Regency romance with all the back and forth love vs duty inherent in this type of book- which helps make them one of my favorite! The characters are well developed and believable. ~Cheryl-Lynn
Author Jess Heileman In kindergarten, Jess won a first prize ribbon for her original creation Pigs in Wigs. It was a solid storyline: there was this pig that wore a wig–and it rhymed. Not impressed? Neither were her children when shown the very masterpiece that influenced her to become an author. "You won a ribbon for that?" Yes. Yes, she did. Thankfully, life has since exposed her to a thorough education with its share of awards and accolades–and, more importantly, to the trials and human experiences that form the heart of a storyteller and the substance of great stories. Besides her love of writing, Jess is an avid reader, shameless people observer, international café loiterer, and partially retired photographer. She loves being a mother to five amazing humans and a wife to the greatest man she knows.
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After walking through the billiard room, we exited to a sizable corridor with wood archways. "This is where my father's study is," Diana said, pausing to knock on a large door. "Should we disturb him in his work?" I whispered. "My father is out today," she said with a smile. "But Edwin should be here." The door opened, and Edwin stood glancing tentatively between us. "She hasn't received a tour yet," Diana said, answering his unspoken question. "You will show us the study?" Somehow, her request sounded more like a demand. He opened the door wider. "You may come in, though I'm obliged to mention I have an appointment shortly." Diana sent him a pout. "What dreadful timing. Had I remembered we would have ventured here sooner. Oh well, Edwin, do take over for me until your appointment arrives. I am dreadfully tired from all this walking." "It's a study, Diana," Edwin said with a raise of his brow. "There is little here of interest." "Perhaps give her a tour of the library then, we hadn't made it that far yet." They stared at each other in a silent battle of wills. I shifted awkwardly, deliberating how long it would last, when Edwin finally conceded. "Would you care to see the library, Miss Blakeslee?" I glanced at Diana who nodded her head in encouragement. I'd said I'd have no part in her scheming, but I was now confident whatever her goal was in bringing Edwin and me together, it wouldn't work. He saw me as a child, a little sister much like herself—though less demanding, I was sure. "Of course," I said, and he opened the adjoining door that led into the next room, gesturing me inside. The library was filled with books, and it reminded me of the one at Easton Manor with overstuffed shelves, large windows, and numerous seats for reading. I grabbed a thin book off a nearby shelf and held it in my hand. I traced my finger over the title, The Tempest. It had been sometime since I'd picked up a book. Mother taught me to read and had given me the joy of new worlds and unforgettable stories. I'd spent countless afternoons tucked in a chair in our library, unable to stop reading; but when Mother died, I found little delight in anything, including the things she'd taught me to love. "Have you read it?" Edwin asked, peering over my shoulder. "Of course," I answered, placing it back on the shelf. "And I presume you enjoyed it?" "Very much. I admit I am easily satisfied by a happy ending." I kept my eyes searching the books, having little desire to receive the look of censure awaiting me. "The Shakespeare writings I enjoy most are those that end well—Twelfth Night, Midsummer Night's Dream, The Taming of the Shrew—the ones where love is victorious." "A common idealamong ladies, I believe, and the reason his comedies are so popular." I turned toward him. "Life has enough of tragedy and grief, is there something wrong with finding satisfaction in love and happy endings?" "There is," he said. "The harm is believing in something that isn't real, Miss Blakeslee." He stepped closer, and my feet faltered. "Love only brings misery. To think otherwise is foolish. You just declared life is full of tragedy—" "And that is why love is needed!" "And that is what love causes." Neither of us moved and I could feel his warm breath on me. It was only then I realized how close we stood, my neck craning to look up at him, but I had no desire to move away. "You do not understand love then," I whispered. The resentment in his gaze caught me by surprise. "And you do?" "Love has saved me." His eyes searched mine. "The love I know has the power to lift and to heal, to see past weakness and turn it to strength." "Love is fickle and will fail you." "Never." I said, shaking my head as tears stung my vision. "I do not know what counterfeit you describe but the love I have found is faithful and unconditional." He said nothing, and his eyes drifted from mine in contemplation. After taking a deep breath he looked down at me again. He wore the stern expression I knew so well and took a step back. "I hope you are correct in your judgment," he said with a brisk nod. As he turned from me, I wanted to call out to him, but I was too confused to contrive a response. I followed him to the study in a daze. Edwin positioned himself near the desk with his eyes cast to the floor as Diana glanced between us bewildered. "How is it you've found something to quarrel about already? You were in there less than five minutes. Perhaps I should take on the role of mediator instead of chaperon for the two of you." Neither Edwin nor I smiled. "This will not do. What was the disagreement this time?" "There was not a disagreement," Edwin said. "Well, at least that is not what caused the discontent." Curious what the cause had been I glanced in his direction, anxious for him to finish. A knock interrupted his revelation. Diana shot to her feet and reached out her arm toward me. "We will go out the library." Edwin blocked our retreat. "You are fine to leave out the study door." He shifted his gaze at the repeated knock. "Come in." The butler opened the door, his eyes gliding over Diana and me. "The Slytons are here to see you, Mr. Stanton." "Show them in." The Slytons? I was familiar with the name, but surely they were not the same as I had known. My heart picked up pace regardless of what I told myself. The door opened again, and a tall, wiry lady accompanied by a shorter, burly man stepped through the door. They were older and somehow uglier, but it was them. My knees nearly gave out, and I tightened my hold on Diana's arm for support. "Mr. and Mrs. Slyton, I am pleased you finally agreed to make the trip to Timpton. This is my sister, Mrs. Ellis, and our friend, Miss Abigail Blakeslee." Mrs. Slyton nodded in our direction but abruptly turned her attention back to Edwin. "With such a gracious offer, how could we resist?" Her scratchy voice brought a slew of memories that made my body tremble. I cautiously turned to find Mr. Slyton inspecting me through squinted eyes. Did he recognize me? I hadn't seen him since I was a little girl, and I hoped the years had done their job adequately enough to disguise me. I lifted my chin, attempting to appear unaffected by his presence and was relieved when Mr. Slyton turned toward Diana, appraising her with the same disgusting grimace he'd given me. I looked to Edwin and found him returning my gaze, a peculiar expression on his features. Edwin moved to my side and placed a firm hand around my waist, guiding me to the door. My ears were ringing, and I was confident he said something to me, but I couldn't be sure. As we walked from the study, his touch retracted, and Diana took his place, directing me back down the corridor. I was uncertain where I was being led and soon found myself seated in a distantly familiar room. "Bring refreshment at once!" Diana's voice echoed through my mind. My head was spinning, and I rested it against the chair as my vision faded into blackness.
Abigail by Jess Heileman is a beautiful and captivating regency romance debut that readers will be enthralled with. Heileman has written an engaging and sweet story that will draw readers in from cover to cover. From page one, the story is beautifully layered with splendid characterization, as the main character is filled with plenty of charm and spunk. Readers will fall in love with everything about this book as the story and delectable and swoon worthy romance unfold.
Genre: historical, regency, romance
Publisher: Vagabond Publishing
A review copy of this book was provided by Clean Wholesome Romance Team, as well as an e-copy purchased for review. A review was not required and all views and opinions expressed are my own.
Tour hosted by Clean Wholesome Romance.


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Small-Group or Private Deluxe Grand Canyon Day Trip from Phoenix
Journey through stunning Arizona landscapes on this full-day tour from the Phoenix-Scottsdale area. Visit the Grand Canyon and explore Route 66 with an expert guide who handles all the driving and logistics, leaving you free to soak in the incredible scenery. Explore highlights of the Grand Canyon, and drive through the Sonoran Desert on this small-group tour. With numbers limited to 13 participants, you can enjoy a more intimate experience of the Southwest's natural beauty. Choose between a small-group or private option.
Grand Canyon Day Tour with Sedona and Oak Creek Canyon
Visit Grand Canyon National Park, with a stop for pictures of the Red Rocks of Sedona, on this 13-hour tour from the Phoenix area. On the way, Travel through beautiful Oak Creek Canyon, where you can browse local crafts if you wish. When you reach the Grand Canyon, make stops in the park to see the natural wonder from multiple viewpoints.
Small-Group or Private Deluxe Phoenix and Scottsdale Day Trip
Take in the highlights of Phoenix and Scottsdale, the largest cities in the Sonoran Desert, during this tour with a knowledgeable guide. Discover history and architecture in downtown Phoenix, at the Arizona State Capitol, Arizona Biltmore and more. Learn how Phoenix has become one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States. Neighboring Scottsdale features a vibrant downtown district full of local businesses and cultural events. Choose between a small-group or private tour.
Small Group or Private Apache Trail Day Tour with Dolly Steamboat from Phoenix
Explore the Apache Trail from Phoenix on a full-day tour that takes you into the legendary Sonoran Desert. Visit the ghost town of Goldfield, ride a steamboat on Canyon Lake, stop at the eccentric hamlet of Tortilla Flat and admire views of the Superstition Wilderness from Fish Creek Hill. Get a feel for the Wild West as you learn about the region's history and wildlife from your knowledgeable guide. Includes hotel pickup and drop-off and an expert driver who navigates the rough and winding roads for a stress-free day out. Choose between a small-group or private tour.
Custom Grand Canyon Day Trip
The Grand Canyon is on just about every bucket list—make sure you see it on this day trip from Phoenix, which includes round-trip transportation from your hotel. A guided tour takes the planning and guesswork out of an ambitious day trip, helping you make the most of your time at the Grand Canyon and enjoy the scenery during the drive.
Centipede Tour - Guided Arizona Desert Tour by UTV
Spend a thrilling day aboard a Kawasaki Teryx UTV during an off-road tour in the Sonoran Desert. Ride on rugged and rocky trails in the scenic Bradshaw Mountains and cross the Aqua Fria River during the scenic journey. Your guide is knowledgeable about the region's plant life, wildlife, and history, with plenty of stories to share.
RoRo Street Art Tour in Phoenix
Street Art Lovers, Curious Travelers and Locals alike love this highly specialized, behind-the-scenes, fun and in depth look into the Phoenix Street Art Scene. Here's what you'll love about this walking tour! Together we'll . . . +Get the skinny on the Phoenix Street Art Scene, Mexican Muralism and the movers & shakers that are literally changing the face of Phoenix. + Walk through colorful alleys and behind buildings to see more than 30 larger than life murals along with the back stories of the artists that created them. +Decipher messages of illegal graffiti found in the form of stickers, wheatpaste, stencils, and more! + Connect the dots of hip-hop to the current street art scene. If you are looking for a rich cultural experience connecting you to the local vibe...this is it!
Centipede Tour - Guided Arizona Desert Tour by ATV
Spend time aboard a single-rider ATV during a thrilling off-road tour in the Sonoran Desert. Ride on rugged and rocky trails in the scenic Bradshaw Mountains and cross the Aqua Fria River during the scenic journey. Your guide is knowledgeable about the region's plant life, wildlife, and history, with plenty of stories to share.
Apache Trail and Dolly Steamboat Tour
Ride the old fashioned Dolly Steamboat through the slot canyon at Canyon Lake and then hit the Apache Trail through the Sonora Desert on this tour from the Phoenix area. After your narrated cruise, visit the small town of Tortilla Flat, taking in views of the rare desert landscape along the way.
Sedona with Jerome and Montezuma Castle One-Day Van Tour
Explore the sights surrounding Sedona on this guided day trip. Head out from Phoenix, Scottsdale, Tempe, or Mesa to see Sedona sights including the famous Red Rocks, Chapel of the Holy Cross, and more, followed by a visit to the old mining town of Jerome. This tour includes all admission fees as well as transportation among locations.
Adventure Tour - Grand Canyon West Rim with Skywalk
Experience the majesty of the American Southwest with a full-day, all-inclusive tour to the Grand Canyon by air. Enjoy a round-trip scenic flight from Phoenix, and touch down at the West Rim of the Grand Canyon, site of the Hualapai Reservation. Travel on land to Eagle Point for Native American cultural performances, sweeping views of the Grand Canyon, lunch on the canyon rim, a helicopter ride to the bottom of the canyon, a boat cruise on the Colorado River and admission to the thrilling Grand Canyon Skywalk.
Phoenix Legends Bike Tour
Wander off the beaten path and into the heart of Phoenix to discover the ancient and modern legends hiding in charming historic neighborhoods, breathtaking architecture, iconic landmarks, mural filled alleys and more!
3 Cities & Sunset/Morning. Art, Nature, Food, Shop. Scottsdale. Phoenix. Tempe.
Small group. Maximum of 3 guests per tour. Morning Tour 9:00 am - 1:00 pm Afternoon Tour 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm Downtown Scottsdale: Tour of Historic Downtown Scottsdale. Shop at local galleries, import shops and souvenir stores. Visit local landmarks. Enjoy an architectual appreciation drive through Lafayette Blvd. neighborhood / orchard groves and learn how AZ was developed. Downtown Phoenix: Stroll around the Urban Art District as you enjoy the hand painted, city murals. Afterwards, go where the locals go for a fun and casual complementary lunch or dinner. Papago Mountain, Tempe Drive has beautiful views of Camelback Mountain/Tovrea Castle/Hole in the Rock. Then, experience the tranquility of the Sonoran Desert. Enjoy a peaceful walk through the Papago Park Nature Trail during the morning or sunset time. Bottled water and snacks provided Tour guide is happy to take complimentary photos for guests with guest's camera. Great for a singles, couples, families, or small groups.
Sedona Day Trip from Phoenix
Experience the mystique that is Sedona and admire its red rock landscapes on this 10-hour tour from Phoenix. Natural and cultural attractions may include Bell Rock, Tlaquepaque Arts and Crafts Village, and Chapel of the Holy Cross. This tour is limited to just five people for a small-group experience.
Downtown Gilbert Food Tour
The foodie fun begins with a stop at the Gilbert farmers market, where you can purchase a few locally-made goods and soak up the scene. Then, let the tastings begin! Visit five establishments, each of which serves a different type of cuisine. Sample craft pizza, barbecue, an Asian fusion delicacy, Mexican street tacos, house-made taffy, and a freshly baked dessert. Cocktails are included to add to the adventure.
Day Tour in Northern Arizona Meteor Crater and Walnut Canyon From Phoenix
Venture away from the city and explore northern Arizona's natural landmarks on this full-day excursion. Visit Walnut Canyon and discover ancient dwellings on the upper trail, then it's on to the Meteor Crater and Space Museum to learn about the intact meteorite impact. Your final stop is Winslow, where you can enjoy a delicious lunch and a short guided tour.
Custom Private Day Tour to Grand Canyon
Take a private full-day tour to the Grand Canyon from Phoenix for a personalized experience of Arizona's famous natural monument. Your private guide tailors the itinerary to your interests, depending on how much time you want to spend at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon and other attractions such as Route 66, the Navajo Nation, the Painted Desert, and Sedona.
Private Tombstone Arizona and San Xavier Mission Day Trip
Travel back in time to one of the most famous Old West towns with a day on the streets of Tombstone. The home of the famous OK Corral lets you experience the lives of outlaws, businessmen, miners, and cattlemen who flocked to the area for a chance to strike it rich on the frontier. A ride straight from your hotel takes you out of the city for your visit to the historic town. While you're in Tombstone, pay a visit to the original gathering spots for outlaws and gunmen, like Big Nose Kate's Saloon and the Bird Cage Theatre, which earned a reputation as the wickedest nightspot between Basin Street and the Barbary Coast. True to the reputation of the Wild West, gunfights and stand-offs were a regular occurrence, and many of their victims are buried at the infamous Boot Hill Cemetery—named for the men who died and were buried, with their boots still on. On your way back, visit the White Dove of the Desert; one of the Southwest's best-preserved missions at San Xavier del Bac.
Wupatki and Sunset Crater National Monuments Tour from Phoenix
This day tour gives you the chance to venture north from the Phoenix area to see several historical sites that visitors come from around the world to see. This allows you to experience several very old locations that are so important in the history of Arizona. Luckily they have been preserved so visitors can still enjoy them as they have for hundreds of years. This makes a great day tour when the temperatures are rising in the Phoenix area as we climb to the cooler higher altitudes of the state. - Wupatki National Monument - Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument - Third Stop Options: - Museum of Northern Arizona or - Riordan Mansion State Historical Park or - Lowell Observatory - The Home of Pluto - Lunch included
Private Verde Canyon Railroad and Historic Jerome Tour
Highlights of this day tour include the mining town of Jerome, the historic Copper Art Museum in Clarkdale, and stunning views from your first-class seat and a delicious lunch at the Verde Canyon Railroad. After the pickup, our first major tour stop will be the historic mining town of Jerome. Soon after we'll visit the copper mining mecca of Clarkdale and the Arizona Copper Art Museum. From the museum, we will tour the historic Verde Canyon Railroad for a chance to be a part of that history. The very first tracks were put down over 100 years ago to transport local workers and ore mined from the surrounding Jerome mountains and are still in use today. With stunning views of the Verde Valley from either your first-class seats or your open-air viewing car, the casual elegance of the train allows guests to discover the heritage uniqueness of the landscape and its diverse ecosystem.
The best of Phoenix walking tour
Together with the professional guide, you will visit the most charming places in the city. Is it true that Phoenix has more sunny days than any other metropolitan city in the U.S.? Or did you know that Phoenix is the United States' fifth-largest city with a population of over 1.6 million. You will have a chance to explore the city, while hearing fascinating facts and legends. There are only 21 deserts in the world—four in North America—and Arizona is the only state in the U.S. to have a section of all of them within its borders. You will be surprised how many stories are hidden in the streets, buildings and corners of Phoenix. Your charming guide will tell you what is special and unique about living in this city. Perfect for those who are visiting the city for the first time and want to get the most of it!
Southern Arizona Full-Day Historical Tour from Phoenix
This day tour gives you the chance to venture south from the Phoenix area to see several historical sites that visitors come from around the world to see. This allows you to experience several very old locations that were so important in the history of Arizona. Luckily they have been preserved so visitors can still enjoy them as they have for hundreds of years. - Casa Grande Ruins National Monument - Picacho Peak State Park - San Xavier Del Bac Mission in Tucson - Tumacacori National Historic Park - Lunch included
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Wrigley Mansion Tours & Tickets
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Singapore A S$9 billion expansion plan will inject new attractions and experiences at Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa.
The new waterfront promenade area proposed for Resorts World Sentosa.
The first attraction to open, likely by end-2020, will be an "adventure dining playhouse". It will replace the Resorts World Theatre with a pirate-themed experience combining immersive dining and performance.
More glitzy attractions are expected to join Singapore as part of a S$9 billion (US$6.65 billion) expansion plan of its two integrated resorts, Marina Bay Sands (MBS) and Resorts World Sentosa (RWS), announced on Wednesday.
Key developments that will be added include a fourth tower at MBS and a 15,000-seat arena and extensions to Universal Studios Singapore (USS).
The new tower will be a 1,000 room all-suite hotel, topped by a sky roof. It will also have a 15,000-seat arena focused on entertainment. Additional MICE space will be expanded by about 30% to 40%.
At RWS, several new attractions spanning 164,000sqm, or 50% of the current gross floor area, will be added largely through intensification of existing land.
These include two new areas at USS: a Minion Park based on the Despicable Me franchise, and Super Nintendo World, with attractions based on console games such as Super Mario.
The SEA Aquarium will be expanded to about three times its current size, taking over the existing Maritime Experiential Museum space to create the Singapore Oceanarium.
The waterfront promenade area will be revamped with dining options, two new hotels with about 1,100 rooms, and a 37 metre-tall public attraction with free evening light shows.
MICE facilities will also be expanded. And a new driverless transport system will shuttle visitors along the Sentosa Boardwalk in about 1.5 minutes, with an estimated capacity of nine million passengers a year.
Both resorts will also receive additional gaming provisions. These include an extension of the exclusivity period for both casinos past the original 2017 expiry date to end-2030 instead.
MBS will also have the option of an additional 2,000sqm of approved gaming area, while RWS will have another 500sqm, subject to payment of land costs.
The IRS' plans are part of a broader tourism push, including the development of the Greater Southern Waterfront - of which Sentosa is a part - as well as Mandai ecotourism and the rejuvenation of Orchard Road.


In late March, South Korean media reported that Kim Chang Son, the de facto chief of staff for North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, visited Moscow to discuss a visit to Russia by the latter, Trend reports citing Sputnik.
According to the Yonhap news agency, citing sources familiar with the matter, a meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un could take place in the Russia's Far East on 24 April. However, the South Korean media outlet did not offer details of the precise time and venue.
Russian presidential aide Yury Ushakov, speaking about a meeting between the Russian and North Korean leaders said earlier in April that the Russian side had made specific proposals on dates, and added that the issue was being discussed.
"Dear Mister Kim Jong Un, please accept my sincere congratulations on your re-election as the chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK [Democratic People's Republic of Korea]. I am sure that your activities at the highest state position will continue to contribute to development of friendly, good-neighborly relations between our countries and our peoples and to strengthening of peace on the Korean Peninsula", Putin said in his congratulatory message, posted on the Kremlin's website. The Russian president also confirmed his commitment to "cooperation on pressing issues of bilateral and regional agendas".
"Only from March to the present day of this year the ninth round of the intergovernmental commission on economic cooperation, consultations of the deputy foreign ministers of the two countries, visits of delegations of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of Russia and the Interior Ministry were successfully held. A number of mutual visits of high-level delegations of different areas and a variety of joint activities are expected this year", the charge d'affaires said at a reception marking the 107th anniversary of the birth of former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung.
Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev said earlier in April at a meeting with North Korean People's Security Minister Choe Pu Il that Russia intends to promote cooperation with North Korea in various areas not affected by international sanctions.
The situation on the Korean Peninsula, which since 1953 has long divided the two countries with differing political systems, improved last year with Kim and South Korean President Moon Jae-in having held several meetings. Kim also held two summits with US President Donald Trump, with the parties reaching a non-binding verbal agreement in June stipulating that Pyongyang would make efforts to promote complete denuclearization of the peninsula in exchange for a freeze of US-South Korean military drills and the potential removal of US sanctions.


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WHO and the Ministry of Health Train Members of the Armed Forces on Ebola Case Management...
WHO and the Ministry of Health Train Members of the Armed Forces on Ebola Case Management
Mukono, 29 October 2018:- The World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting the Ministry of Health to train health workers in Uganda's armed forces on surveillance and clinical management of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).
The training comes in the wake of increasing EVD cases in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where 267 cumulative cases with 170 deaths had been recorded as on 28th October 2018. The epicenter for the current outbreak is close to the very porous Uganda-DRC border which makes importation of cases highly likely. Additionally, communities at the border are closely linked through kinship, culture, religion and even trade making close interaction a daily occurrence.
Since 2000 when Uganda had its first EVD outbreak, the armed forces have always been part and parcel of the country's response strategy and activities. Little wonder therefore that as the situation continues to worsen in DRC, they should be prepared for any eventuality because they will definitely be part of the response if "push comes to shove"!
In that regard, the training provides an opportunity to build their capacity to be able to effectively detect, investigate, and report suspected EVD cases. They will also be equipped with skills in principles of managing VHFs including management of suspected or confirmed cases of Ebola patients; management of severe confirmed or suspected cases of Ebola or VHF; and provision of psychological support and Infection prevention and control.
At present, WHO has prepositioned four (4) Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) kits to support Uganda in case of an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak. However, the effective use of the kits requires skilled health workers to utilize the supplies in the kits. Besides, the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), recommend that WHO supports countries to enhance the clinical skills of the health staff in order to effectively manage EVD patients, prevent amplification of the EVD at health facilities and outbreak control at epicentres.
Therefore, this training is critical given that Viral hemorrhagic fevers are severe, life-threatening and of particular public health importance. They can spread rapidly in hospital settings, have a high case-fatality rate and are difficult to recognize and to detect quickly. This requires that health workers such those in Uganda's armed forces are trained to have a high index of suspicion and to respond appropriately for their own safety, their patients and the communities at large.
The five-day training conducted at Ridah Hotel in Mukono follows similar ones that WHO and the Ministry of Health have conducted in the high-risk districts of Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Kampala, Kabarole, Kasese, Hoima, Kikuube, Ntoroko and Wakiso in which over 100 health workers have been trained on EVD.
Mwebembezi Edmond
Tel. : +256 414 335569
Cell: +256 786 497073
Email: mwebembezie [at] who.int
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text:
\section{Introduction}

{\it 1. Introduction ---} Higher-order general-relativistic
perturbation theory is one of topical subject in recent general
relativity.
As well-known, general relativity is based on the concept of
general covariance.
Due to this general covariance, the ``gauge degree of freedom'',
which is unphysical degree of freedom of perturbations, arises
in general-relativistic perturbations.
To obtain physical results, we have to fix this gauge degrees
of freedom or to extract some invariant quantities of
perturbations.
This situation becomes more complicated in higher-order
perturbation theory.
Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate higher-order
gauge-invariant perturbation theory from a general point of
view.

According to this motivation, in Ref.~\cite{kouchan-gauge-inv},
we proposed a procedure to find gauge-invariant variables for
higher-order perturbations on an arbitrary background spacetime.
This proposal is based on the single assumption (Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture} in this article).
Under this assumption, we summarize some formulae for the
second-order perturbations of the curvatures and energy-momentum
tensor for matter fields~\cite{kouchan-second,kouchan-second-cosmo-matter}.
Confirming this assumption in cosmological perturbations, the
second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory
was developed~\cite{kouchan-cosmo-second,K.Nakamura:2010yg}.
Through these works, we find that our general framework of
higher-order gauge-invariant perturbation theory is well-defined
except for the above assumption.
Therefore, we proposed the above assumption as a conjecture in
Ref.~\cite{kouchan-second-cosmo-matter}.
We also proposed a brief outline of a proof of this
conjecture~\cite{kouchan-decomp-letter-version,K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}.

However, in the outline of a proof in
Ref.~\cite{K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}, special modes of
perturbations are not included in our considerations.
We called these special modes as {\it zero modes} in
Ref.~\cite{K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}.
Through the above proposal of our outline of a proof, we also
pointed out that the zero modes may appear in perturbation
theories on an arbitrary background spacetime.
We called issues concerning about these zero modes as
{\it zero-mode problem} in
Ref.~\cite{K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}.
At least in the current status, this zero-mode probelm is not
resolved, yet.
However, we expect that the zero modes play important roles in
some situations.
The purpose of this article is not to resolve this
zero-mode problem, but to point out an important role of the
zero modes, which is related to the globalization of
perturbations.

{\it 2. Perturbations in general relativity ---}
The notion of ``gauge'' in general relativity arise in the
theory due to the general covariance.
There are two kinds of ``gauges'' in general relativity.
These two ``gauges'' are called as the first- and the
second-kind gauges, respectively.
The distinction of these two different notion of ``gauges'' is
an important premise of our arguments.
{\it The first-kind gauge} is a coordinate system on a single
manifold ${\cal M}$.
The coordinate transformation is also called {\it gauge
  transformation of the first kind} in general relativity.
On the other hand, {\it the second-kind gauge} appears in
perturbation theories in any theory with general covariance.
In perturbation theories, we always treat two spacetime
manifolds.
One is the physical spacetime ${\cal M}$ which is our nature
itself and we want to clarify the properties of ${\cal M}$
through perturbations.
Another is the background spacetime ${\cal M}_{0}$ which has
nothing to do with our nature but is prepared by hand for
perturbative analyses.
{\it The gauge choice of the second kind} is the point
identification map ${\cal X}$ $:$
${\cal M}_{0}\mapsto{\cal M}$.
We have to note that the correspondence ${\cal X}$ between
points on ${\cal M}_{0}$ and ${\cal M}$ is not unique in the
perturbation theory with general covariance, i.e., we have no
guiding principle to choose the identification map ${\cal X}$.
Actually, as a gauge choice of the second kind, we may choose a
different point identification map ${\cal Y}$ from ${\cal X}$.
This implies that there is degree of freedom in the gauge choice
of the second kind.
This is {\it the gauge degree of freedom of the second kind} in
general-relativistic perturbations.
{\it The gauge transformation of the second kind} is understood
as a change ${\cal X}\rightarrow{\cal Y}$ of the identification
map.

To define perturbations of an arbitrary tensor field $\bar{Q}$,
we have to compare $\bar{Q}$ on the physical spacetime
${\cal M}_{\lambda}$ with $Q_{0}$ on the background spacetime
${\cal M}_{0}$ through the introduction of the above second-kind
gauge choice ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ $:$ ${\cal M}_{0}$
$\rightarrow$ ${\cal M}_{\lambda}$.
The pull-back ${\cal X}_{\lambda}^{*}$, which is induced by the
map ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$, maps a tensor field $\bar{Q}$ on
${\cal M}_{\lambda}$ to a tensor field
${\cal X}_{\lambda}^{*}\bar{Q}$ on ${\cal M}_{0}$.
Once the definition of the pull-back of the gauge choice
${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ is given, the perturbations of a tensor
field $\bar{Q}$ under the gauge choice ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ are
simply defined by the evaluation of the Taylor expansion at
${\cal M}_{0}$:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:Bruni-35}
  {}^{\cal X}\!Q
  :=
  \left.{\cal X}^{*}_{\lambda}\bar{Q}_{\lambda}\right|_{{\cal M}_{0}}
  =
  Q_{0}
  + \lambda {}^{(1)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q
  + \frac{1}{2} \lambda^{2} {}^{(2)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q
  + O(\lambda^{3}),
\end{equation}
where ${}^{(1)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q$ and ${}^{(2)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q$ are
the first- and the second-order perturbations of $\bar{Q}$,
respectively.

When we have two different gauge choices ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$
and ${\cal Y}_{\lambda}$, we have two different representations
of the perturbative expansion (\ref{eq:Bruni-35}).
Although these two representations are different from each
other, these should be equivalent because of general
covariance.
This equivalence is guaranteed by the
{\it gauge-transformation rules} between these two gauge
choices.
The change of the gauge choice from ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ to
${\cal Y}_{\lambda}$ is represented by the diffeomorphism
$\Phi_{\lambda}:=({\cal X}_{\lambda})^{-1}\circ{\cal Y}_{\lambda}$.
This diffeomorphism $\Phi_{\lambda}$ is the map $\Phi_{\lambda}$
$:$ ${\cal M}_{0}$ $\rightarrow$ ${\cal M}_{0}$ for each value
of $\lambda\in{\mathbb R}$ and does change the point
identification.
The gauge transformation $\Phi_{\lambda}$ induces a pull-back
from the representation ${}^{\cal X}Q_{\lambda}$ in the gauge
choice ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ to the representation
${}^{\cal Y}Q_{\lambda}$ in the gauge choice
${\cal Y}_{\lambda}$ by
${}^{\cal Y}Q_{\lambda}=\Phi^{*}_{\lambda} {}^{\cal X}Q_{\lambda}$.
According to generic arguments concerning the Taylor expansion
of the pull-back of tensor fields on the same
manifold~\cite{K.Nakamura:2010yg}, we obtain the
order-by-order gauge-transformation rules for the perturbative
variables ${}^{(1)}Q$ and ${}^{(2)}Q$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:Bruni-47-one}
  {}^{(1)}_{\;{\cal Y}}\!Q - {}^{(1)}_{\;{\cal X}}\!Q =
  {\pounds}_{\xi_{(1)}}Q_{0}, \quad
  {}^{(2)}_{\;\cal Y}\!Q - {}^{(2)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q =
  2 {\pounds}_{\xi_{(1)}} {}^{(1)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q
  +\left\{{\pounds}_{\xi_{(2)}}+{\pounds}_{\xi_{(1)}}^{2}\right\} Q_{0},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\xi_{(1)}^{a}$ and $\xi_{(2)}^{a}$ are the generators of
the gauge transformation $\Phi_{\lambda}$.

The notion of gauge invariance considered in this article is the
{\it order-by-order gauge invariance} proposed in
Ref.~\cite{kouchan-second-cosmo-matter}.
We call the $k$th-order perturbation ${}^{(k)}_{{\cal X}}\!Q$ is
gauge invariant iff ${}^{(k)}_{\;\cal X}\!Q = {}^{(k)}_{\;\cal Y}\!Q$
for any gauge choice ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ and
${\cal Y}_{\lambda}$.
Through this concept of the order-by-order gauge invariance, we
can develop the gauge-invariant perturbation theory.

{\it 3. Construction of gauge-invariant variables ---}
To construct gauge-invariant variables, we first consider the
metric perturbation.
The metric $\bar{g}_{ab}$ on ${\cal M}_{\lambda}$, which is
pulled back to ${\cal M}_{0}$ using a gauge choice
${\cal X}_{\lambda}$, is expanded as Eq.~(\ref{eq:Bruni-35}):
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:metric-expansion}
  {\cal X}^{*}_{\lambda}\bar{g}_{ab}
  =
  g_{ab}
  + \lambda {}_{{\cal X}}\!h_{ab}
  + \frac{1}{2} \lambda^{2}{}_{{\cal X}}\!l_{ab}
  + O^{3}(\lambda),
\end{eqnarray}
where $g_{ab}$ is the metric on ${\cal M}_{0}$.
Although this expansion depends entirely on the gauge choice
${\cal X}_{\lambda}$, henceforth, we do not explicitly express
the index of the gauge choice ${\cal X}_{\lambda}$ if there is
no possibility of confusion.
Through these setup, in Ref.~\cite{kouchan-gauge-inv}, we
proposed a procedure to construct gauge-invariant variables for
higher-order perturbations.
Our starting point is the following conjecture for $h_{ab}$:
\begin{conjecture}
  \label{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture}
  If there is a symmetric tensor field $h_{ab}$ of the second
  rank, whose gauge transformation rule is
  ${}_{{\cal Y}}\!h_{ab}$ $-$ ${}_{{\cal X}}\!h_{ab}$ $=$
  ${\pounds}_{\xi_{(1)}}g_{ab}$, then there exist a tensor field
  ${\cal H}_{ab}$ and a vector field $X^{a}$ such that $h_{ab}$
  is decomposed as $h_{ab}$ $=:$ ${\cal H}_{ab}$ $+$
  ${\pounds}_{X}g_{ab}$, where ${\cal H}_{ab}$ and $X^{a}$ are
  transformed as ${}_{{\cal Y}}\!{\cal H}_{ab}$ $-$
  ${}_{{\cal X}}\!{\cal H}_{ab}$ $=$ $0$,
  ${}_{\quad{\cal Y}}\!X^{a}$ $-$ ${}_{{\cal X}}\!X^{a}$ $=$
  $\xi^{a}_{(1)}$ under the gauge transformation
  (\ref{eq:Bruni-47-one}), respectively.
\end{conjecture}
In this conjecture, ${\cal H}_{ab}$ and $X^{a}$ are
{\it gauge-invariant} and {\it gauge-variant} parts of the
perturbation $h_{ab}$.
In the case of the perturbation theory on an arbitrary
background spacetime, this conjecture is a highly non-trivial
statement due to the non-trivial curvature of the background
spacetime, though its inverse statement is trivial.

Based on Conjecture \ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture},
we can decompose the second-order metric perturbation $l_{ab}$
as~\cite{kouchan-gauge-inv}
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:H-ab-in-gauge-X-def-second-1}
  l_{ab}
  =:
  {\cal L}_{ab} + 2 {\pounds}_{X} h_{ab}
  + \left(
      {\pounds}_{Y}
    - {\pounds}_{X}^{2}
  \right)
  g_{ab},
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal L}_{ab}$ is gauge-invariant part of the
second-order metric perturbation $l_{ab}$ and $Y^{a}$ is the
gauge-variant part of second order whose gauge-transformation
rule is given by ${}_{{\cal Y}}\!Y^{a}$ $-$
${}_{{\cal X}}\!Y^{a}$ $=$ $\xi_{(2)}^{a}$ $+$ $[\xi_{(1)},X]^{a}$.
Furthermore, using the first- and second-order gauge-variant
parts, $X^{a}$ and $Y^{a}$, of the metric perturbations, the
gauge-invariant variables for an arbitrary tensor field $Q$
are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:matter-gauge-inv-defs}
  {}^{(1)}\!{\cal Q} := {}^{(1)}\!Q - {\pounds}_{X}Q_{0}
  , \quad
  {}^{(2)}\!{\cal Q} &:=& {}^{(2)}\!Q - 2 {\pounds}_{X} {}^{(1)}Q
  - \left\{ {\pounds}_{Y} - {\pounds}_{X}^{2} \right\} Q_{0}
  .
\end{eqnarray}

In Ref.~\cite{kouchan-gauge-inv}, we extended this construction
to the third-order perturbations and we have already confirmed
that this construction is valid in the fourth-order
perturbations~\cite{kouchan-arbitrary-order-progress}.

{\it 4. An outline of a proof of Conjecture
  \ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture} ---}
To give an outline of a proof of Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture} for an arbitrary
background spacetime, we assume that background spacetimes admit
ADM decomposition.
Therefore, the background spacetime ${\cal M}_{0}$ considered
here is $n+1$-dimensional spacetime which is described by the
direct product ${\mathbb R}\times\Sigma$.
Here, ${\mathbb R}$ is a time direction and $\Sigma$ is the
spacelike hypersurface ($\dim\Sigma = n$) embedded in
${\cal M}_{0}$.
This means that ${\cal M}_{0}$ is foliated by the one-parameter
family of spacelike hypersurface $\Sigma(t)$, where
$t\in{\mathbb R}$ is a time function.
Then, the metric on ${\cal M}_{0}$ is described by the ADM
decomposition
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}
  g_{ab} &=& - \alpha^{2} (dt)_{a} (dt)_{b}
  + q_{ij}
  (dx^{i} + \beta^{i}dt)_{a}
  (dx^{j} + \beta^{j}dt)_{b},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\alpha$ is the lapse function, $\beta^{i}$ is the
shift vector, and $q_{ij}$ is the metric on $\Sigma(t)$.

Since the ADM decomposition
(\ref{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}) is a local one, we
may regard that our arguments are restricted to that for a
single patch in ${\cal M}_{0}$ which is covered by
the metric (\ref{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}).
Therefore, we regard $\Sigma$ as this single patch of a
spacelike hypersurface in ${\cal M}_{0}$.
Further, we may change the region which is covered by the metric
(\ref{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}) through the choice of
the lapse function $\alpha$ and the shift vector $\beta^{i}$.
The choice of $\alpha$ and $\beta^{i}$ is regarded as the
first-kind gauge choice, which have nothing to do with the
second-kind gauge.
Since we may regard that the representation
(\ref{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}) of the background
metric is that on a single patch in ${\cal M}_{0}$, in general
situation, each $\Sigma$ may have its boundaries $\partial\Sigma$.

To prove Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture}, we consider the
components of the metric $h_{ab}$ as $h_{ab}$ $=$
$h_{tt}(dt)_{a}(dt)_{b}$ $+$ $2h_{ti}(dt)_{(a}(dx^{i})_{b)}$ $+$
$h_{ij}(dx^{i})_{a}(dx^{j})_{b}$.
The gauge-transformation rules for the components $\{h_{tt}$,
$h_{ti}$, $h_{ij}\}$ are derived from ${}_{{\cal Y}}\!h_{ab}$ $-$
${}_{{\cal X}}\!h_{ab}$ $=$ ${\pounds}_{\xi_{(1)}}g_{ab}$ with
$\xi_{(1)a}$ $=$ $\xi_{t}(dt)_{a}$ $+$ $\xi_{i}(dx^{i})_{a}$.
Inspecting these gauge-transformation rules, we explicitly
construct gauge-invariant and gauge-variant variables.

Our strategy for the proof is as
follows~\cite{kouchan-decomp-letter-version,K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}:
we first assume that the existence of the variables $X_{t}$ and
$X_{i}$ whose gauge-transformation rules are given by
${}_{{\cal Y}}X_{t}$ $-$ ${}_{{\cal X}}X_{t}$ $=$ $\xi_{t}$ and
${}_{{\cal Y}}X_{i}$ $-$ ${}_{{\cal X}}X_{i}$ $=$ $\xi_{i}$,
respectively.
This assumption is confirmed through the explicit construction
of the gauge-variant part of the linear-order metric
perturbation below.
Further, inspecting gauge-transformation rules for the
components $\{h_{tt}$, $h_{ti}$, $h_{ij}\}$, we define the
symmetric tensor field $\hat{H}_{ab}$ whose components are given
by
\begin{eqnarray}
  \hat{H}_{tt}
  &:=&
  h_{tt}
  + \frac{2}{\alpha}\left(
    \partial_{t}\alpha
    + \beta^{i}D_{i}\alpha
    - \beta^{j}\beta^{i}K_{ij}
  \right) X_{t}
  \nonumber\\
  &&
  + \frac{2}{\alpha} \left(
    \beta^{i}\beta^{k}\beta^{j} K_{kj}
    - \beta^{i} \partial_{t}\alpha
    + \alpha q^{ij} \partial_{t}\beta_{j}
  \right.
  \nonumber\\
  && \quad\quad\quad
  \left.
    + \alpha^{2} D^{i}\alpha
    - \alpha \beta^{k} D^{i} \beta_{k}
    - \beta^{i} \beta^{j} D_{j}\alpha
  \right)X_{i}
  \label{eq:hatHtt-def-generic}
  , \\
  \hat{H}_{ti}
  &:=&
  h_{ti}
  + \frac{2}{\alpha} \left(
    D_{i}\alpha
    - \beta^{j}K_{ij}
  \right) X_{t}
  + \frac{2}{\alpha} M_{i}^{\;\;j} X_{j}
  \label{eq:hatHti-def-generic}
  , \\
  \hat{H}_{ij}
  &:=&
  h_{ij}
  - \frac{2}{\alpha} K_{ij} X_{t}
  + \frac{2}{\alpha} \beta^{k} K_{ij} X_{k}
  \label{eq:hatHij-def-generic}
  ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $M_{i}^{\;\;j}$ is defined by $M_{i}^{\;\;j}$ $:=$ $-$
$\alpha^{2}K^{j}_{\;\;i}$ $+$ $\beta^{j}\beta^{k} K_{ki}$ $-$
$\beta^{j}D_{i}\alpha$ $+$ $\alpha D_{i}\beta^{j}$.
Here, $K_{ij}$ is the components of the extrinsic curvature of
$\Sigma$ in ${\cal M}_{0}$ and $D_{i}$ is the covariant
derivative associate with the metric $q_{ij}$ ($D_{i}q_{jk}=0$).
The extrinsic curvature $K_{ij}$ is related to the time
derivative of the metric $q_{ij}$ by $K_{ij}$ $=$ $-$
$(1/2\alpha)$
$\left[\partial_{t}q_{ij}-D_{i}\beta_{j}-D_{j}\beta_{i}\right]$.
The gauge transformation rules for the components of
$\hat{H}_{ab}$ are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
  {}_{{\cal Y}}\!\hat{H}_{tt}
  -
  {}_{{\cal X}}\!\hat{H}_{tt}
  =
  2 \partial_{t}\xi_{t}
  , \quad
  {}_{{\cal Y}}\!\hat{H}_{ti}
  -
  {}_{{\cal X}}\!\hat{H}_{ti}
  =
  \partial_{t}\xi_{i}
  + D_{i}\xi_{t}
  , \quad
  {}_{{\cal Y}}\!\hat{H}_{ij}
  -
  {}_{{\cal X}}\!\hat{H}_{ij}
  =
  2 D_{(i}\xi_{j)}
  .
  \label{eq:gauge-trans-hatHij}
\end{eqnarray}

Since the components $\hat{H}_{it}$ and $\hat{H}_{ij}$ are
regarded as components of a vector and a symmetric tensor on
$\Sigma$, respectively, we may apply the following
decomposition~\cite{J.W.York-1973-1974} to $\hat{H}_{ti}$ and
$\hat{H}_{ij}$:
\begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-2-generic-4-7}
  \hat{H}_{ti} &=:& D_{i}h_{(VL)} + h_{(V)i}, \quad D^{i}h_{(V)i} = 0,
  \\
  \label{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-2-generic-4-8}
  \hat{H}_{ij} &=:& \frac{1}{n} q_{ij} h_{(L)} + h_{(T)ij}, \quad
  q^{ij} h_{(T)ij} = 0,
  \\
  \label{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-2-generic-4-9}
  h_{(T)ij} &=:& \left(Lh_{(TV)}\right)_{ij} + h_{(TT)ij},
  \quad
  D^{i}h_{(TT)ij} = 0,
\end{eqnarray}
where $(Lh_{(TV)})_{ij}$ is defined by $(Lh_{(TV)})_{ij}$ $:=$
$D_{i}h_{(TV)j}$ $+$ $D_{j}h_{(TV)i}$ $-$
$\frac{2}{n}q_{ij}D^{l}h_{(TV)l}$.
Equations (\ref{eq:gauge-trans-hatHij}) give the
gauge-transformation rules for the variables $h_{(VL)}$,
$h_{(V)i}$, $h_{(L)}$, $h_{(T)ij}$, $h_{(TV)i}$, and $h_{(TT)ij}$.
From these gauge-transformation rules, we easily find the
explicit form of the variables $X_{t}$ and $X_{i}$ as
follows~\cite{kouchan-decomp-letter-version,K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}:
\begin{eqnarray}
  X_{i} := h_{(TV)i}
  , \quad
  X_{t}
  :=
  h_{(VL)}
  - \Delta^{-1}D^{k}\partial_{t}h_{(TV)k}
  .
  \label{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-note-B-52}
\end{eqnarray}
This is the most non-trivial part in our outline of a proof of
Conjecture \ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture}.
Further, we have to note that {\it in the derivation of
  Eqs.~(\ref{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-note-B-52}), we assume that the
  existence of the Green functions $\Delta^{-1}$ and
  $({\cal D}^{ij})^{-1}$ of the Laplacian $\Delta:=D^{i}D_{i}$
  and the elliptic derivative operator ${\cal D}^{ij}$}
defined by ${\cal D}^{ij}$ $:=$ $q^{ij}\Delta$ $+$
$\left(1-\frac{2}{n}\right)D^{i}D^{j}$ $+$ $R^{ij}$.
Here, $R^{ij}$ is the Ricci curvature on $\Sigma$.
In other words, {\it we have ignored the perturbative modes
  which belong to the kernel of the derivative operators
  $\Delta$ and ${\cal
    D}^{ij}$}~\cite{kouchan-decomp-letter-version,K.Nakamura-2011-full-paper}.
We call these modes as {\it zero modes}.

Furthermore, we easily construct gauge-invariant variables for
the linear-order metric perturbation $h_{ab}$.
We have two scalar modes ($\Phi$ and $\Psi$), one transverse
vector mode $\nu_{i}$, one transverse-traceless tensor mode
$\chi_{ij}$.
These gauge-invariant variables are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
  - 2 \Phi
  &:=&
  \hat{H}_{tt}
  - 2 \partial_{t}X_{t}
  ,
  \quad
  - 2 n \Psi
  :=
  h_{(L)} - 2 D^{i}X_{i}
  ,
  \nonumber\\
  \nu_{i}
  &:=&
  h_{(V)i}
  - \partial_{t}X_{i}
  + D_{i}\Delta^{-1}D^{k}\partial_{t}X_{k}
  , \quad
  \chi_{ij}
  :=
  h_{(TT)ij}
  .
  \label{eq:K.Nakamura-2010-note-B-55}
\end{eqnarray}
Moreover, we can derive the expressions of the original
components $\{h_{tt}$, $h_{ti}$, $h_{ij}\}$ of the metric
perturbation $h_{ab}$ in terms of these gauge-invariant
variables and the variables $X_{t}$ and $X_{i}$.
Then, we conclude that we may identify the components of the
gauge-invariant variables ${\cal H}_{ab}$ and the gauge-variant
variable $X_{a}$ so that ${\cal H}_{tt}$ $:=$ $-2\Phi$,
${\cal H}_{ti}$ $:=$ $\nu_{i}$, ${\cal H}_{ij}$ $:=$
$-2\Psi q_{ij}$ $+$ $\chi_{ij}$, $X_{a}$ $:=$ $X_{t}(dt)_{a}$
$+$ $X_{i}(dx^{i})_{a}$.
These identifications lead to the assertion of Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture}.

{\it 5. Zero-mode problem and the globalization of
  gauge-invariant variables ---}
In the above outline of a proof of Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture},
we concentrate only on a local region $\Sigma$ in a spacelike
hypersurface which is covered by the metric
(\ref{eq:gdb-decomp-dd-minus-main}).
This local region $\Sigma$ may have its boundaries
$\partial\Sigma$.
Furthermore, we assumed the existence of Green functions of the
elliptic derivative operators $\Delta$ or ${\cal D}^{ij}$.
Since we concentrated only on a local region $\Sigma$ of the
whole spacelike hypersurface in the above outline of a proof, we
have to discuss the globalization of our proof to the whole
region of the spacelike hypersurface in the background spacetime
${\cal M}_{0}$ if we insist that Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture} is true on the whole
background spacetime manifold ${\cal M}_{0}$.
In my opinion, the key of this globalization is zero modes.

As mentioned above, we define zero modes as perturbative
modes which belongs to the kernel of the elliptic derivative
operators $\Delta$ or ${\cal D}^{ij}$.
The kernel of ${\cal D}^{ij}$ also includes the (conformal)
Killing vectors.
Therefore, we may say that zero modes are related to the
symmetries of the background spacetime.
Furthermore, we should emphasize that we have to impose
boundary conditions at boundaries $\partial\Sigma$ for the
explicit construction of the Green functions for $\Delta$ and
${\cal D}^{ij}$.
Since the operators $\Delta$ and ${\cal D}^{ij}$ are elliptic,
the change of the boundary conditions at $\partial\Sigma$ is
adjusted by functions which belong to the kernel of the
operators $\Delta$ and ${\cal D}^{ij}$, i.e., zero modes.
Thus, we may say that the informations for the boundary
conditions for the Green functions $\Delta^{-1}$ and
$\left({\cal D}^{ij}\right)^{-1}$ are also included in the zero
modes.
These modes should be separately treated in different manner.
We call the issue concerning about treatments of these zero
modes as the {\it zero-mode problem}.
This problem is a remaining problem in our general framework on
higher-order general-relativistic gauge-invariant perturbation
theory.

Now, we comment on the relation between the globalization of
our outline of a proof and the zero-mode problem.
If we want to consider the global behaviors of perturbations, we
have to consider the globalization of the definition of the
gauge-invariant and gauge-variant variables to the whole region
of a spacelike hypersurface in ${\cal M}_{0}$.
To do this, we should consider different patches which cover the
region outside the local region $\Sigma$.
The same arguments as above is applied to perturbative variables
on these different patches.
The key problem is how to identify the gauge-invariant and
gauge-variant variables for perturbations on these different
patches to those on $\Sigma$.
To accumplish this, the behavior of the perturbative variables
at the boundaries $\partial\Sigma$ is important.
If we impose some smoothness of the gauge-invariant and
gauge-variant variables on the whole region of a spacelike
hypersuface, we have to impose an appropriate boundary
conditions to the perturbative variables at $\partial\Sigma$ and
to match the perturbative variables at $\partial\Sigma$ with
those on the region outside $\Sigma$.
If we accumplish this matching, we may regard that the
gauge-invariant and gauge-variant variables are global variables
on the whole region of a spacelike hypersurface on $\Sigma$.
As mentioned above, the change of the boundary conditions at
$\partial\Sigma$ is adjusted by zero modes.
Thus, zero modes is necessary to construct global
gauge-invariant and gauge-variant variables.

If we impose the Einstein equation as the field equation, this
globalization is related to the construction of a global
solution to the perturbative Einstein equation.
To construct perturbative solutions to the initial value
constraints, we have to consider the perturbative solutions
outside the local region $\Sigma$ and to match with the
perturbative solutions in $\Sigma$ at $\partial\Sigma$.
To accumplish this matching, each solution to the initial value
constraints will be required to satisfy some appropriate
boundary conditions at the boundaries $\partial\Sigma$.
The boundary behavior of the perturbative variables is also
adjusted by the zero mode which satisfy the perturbative
Einstein equation.
If we accumplish this matching of solutions to the initial value
constraint smoothly, we can consider the time evolution of the
global perturbations following to the evolution equations in the
Einstein equation.

We also note that to ignore the zero modes is regarded as to
impose boundary conditions for the Green functions $\Delta$ or
${\cal D}^{ij}$ at the boundary $\partial\Sigma$ in some way.
There is no guarantee whether this boundary condition at
$\partial\Sigma$ is appropriate to construct global solution to
the perturbative Einstein equation or not.
The information at $\partial\Sigma$ propagates along the
boundary of the domain of dependence of $\Sigma$ through the
dynamics of the Einstein equation.
If the imposed boundary conditions are not appropriate to
construct global solutions, the obtained solution to
perturbative Einstein equation cannot be extend to the outside
of the domain of dependence of $\Sigma$ in general and loses its
physical relevance of the behavior at the boundary of the domain
of dependence of $\Sigma$.
In this sense, zero modes are the important to construct global
perturbative solutions.
This is the main point of this article.

{\it 6. Summary ---}
We briefly explained our proposal of an outline of a proof
Conjecture \ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture} for an
arbitrary background spacetime.
Although there will be many approaches to prove Conjecture
\ref{conjecture:decomposition-conjecture}, in this
article, we just show an outline a proof.
We also note that our arguments do not include zero modes.
The existence of zero modes is also related to the symmetries of
the background spacetime.
Furthermore, the zero modes are also important to construct
global gauge-invariant and gauge-variant variables of
perturbations and to derive global solutions to the perturbative
Einstein equations.
To resolve this zero-mode problem, careful discussions on
domains of functions for perturbations and its boundary
conditions at $\partial\Sigma$ will be necessary.
If we resolved this zero-mode problem, the general framework of
the general-relativistic higher-order gauge-invariant
perturbation theory will be completed and the wide applications
of this general framework will be opened.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
<#
    Gets a list of logons with timestamp, logon type, username, client name, client IP address, server name

    EventID   description
    4624      An account was successfully logged on
    4625      An account failed to log on
    4740      A user account was locked out

    Code slightly refactored from page 89 of "PowerShell Deep Dives"
    Chapter by Mike F. Robbins
#>

param ( $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME, $EventID = 4624, $Records = 10 )
foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
    Get-WinEvent -Computer $Computer -LogName 'Security' -MaxEvents $Records -FilterXPath "*[System[EventID=$EventID]]" |

        Select-Object @{Label = 'Time';Expression={$_.TimeCreated.ToString('g')}},
            @{Label="Logon Type";
                Expression={switch
                    (foreach {$_.properties[8].value}) {
                        0 {"System"; break;}
                        2 {"Interactive"; break;}
                        3 {"Network"; break;}
                        4 {"Batch"; break;}
                        5 {"Service"; break;}
                        6 {"Proxy"; break;}
                        7 {"Unlock"; break;}
                        8 {"NetworkCleartext"; break;}
                        9 {"NewCredentials"; break;}
                        10 {"RemoteInteractive"; break;}
                        11 {"CachedInteractive"; break;}
                        12 {"CachedRemoteInteractive"; break;}
                        12 {"CachedUnlock"; break;}
                        default {"Other"; break;}
                    } #foreach
                } #switch
            }, #Label
            @{Label='Authentication';
                Expression={
                    $_.Properties[10].Value
                }
            },
            @{Label='User Name'; Expression={$_.Properties[5].value}},
            @{Label='Client Name'; Expression={$_.Properties[11].value}},
            @{Label='Client Address'; Expression={$_.Properties[18].value}},
            @{Label='Server Name'; Expression={$_.Properties.MachineName}} |

                sort @{Expression="Server Name";Descending=$false},
                @{Expression="Time";Descending=$true}
}