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Welcome to the website of RZGraphics (Rafael Zarza Garcia, registered office in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, tax ID NL002482601B32). By visiting this website, you engage to accept the general terms and conditions hereby.
RZGraphics owns any intellectual and industrial property rights regarding the contents of this website, as well as the elements contained therein such as: graphic design, images or source code; and the use or access to this website and/or its services shall not be construed to attribute its user any right on trademarks, symbols, trade names or logos that may appear in it.
Any reproduction, distribution, dissemination or transmission of the contents within this website, in part or in whole (especially for commercial purposes), in any medium and by any means, is expressly prohibited without prior written permission by RZGraphics.
Any data sent to RZGraphics for consultation, quotation, collaboration or service provision may be stored and processed within the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.
RZGraphics reserves the right to make unannounced changes as deemed appropriate in this website. In this regard any content and services provided herewith may be changed, deleted or added as may the way in which they are presented or arranged.
RZGraphics shall not be deemed responsible regarding any third-party information nor content that may be linked from this website which, thus, did not produce directly. Any information or images on this website shall be construed as examples and in no case shall they oblige RZGraphics, strictly unless it is stated on a written agreement, quotation or service sheet approved by the user of our services.
RZGraphics shall all reasonable efforts to keep this website in proper operation. However, we shall not be held responsible for damages that may arise from connection interferences or breakdowns, downtime, computer viruses, malware or any other factors beyond our direct control.
RZGraphics shall have the right to modify the terms and conditions herein at any moment. The validity of these terms and conditions shall depend on their display and they shall be in force until they are modified by duly published new ones.
Should you, as a visitor to this website, wish to communicate with RZGraphics, please use the contact section options.
DATA CONTROLLER AND OWNER:
RZ GRAPHICS
info@rzgraphicsarchviz.com
1. USER CONSENT AND DISCLAIMER
1.1. USER CONSENT
By creating a User account and thereby agreeing to RZ GRAPHICS Terms and Conditions of Use document of which this Data Privacy Policy document is a part, the User hereby consents to the collection, use and disclosure of his Personal Data and Non-personal Data, as required by the Site in accordance with this Data Privacy Policy document.
1.2. TYPES OF DATA
A User's Content can comprise two types of User data: "Personal Data" is used herein to refer to any data that allows someone to identify or contact an individual User; whereas "Non-personal Data" is used herein to refer to any data which does not, of itself, directly identify the individual User.
1.3. MINIMUM AGE REQUIREMENT
Access to the Site and its services, products, and contents are expressly forbidden to any persons under the age of 13; if any Personal Data (and/or Non-personal Data) is collected, used, or disclosed by the Site on persons under the age of 13, then it is not done so intentionally. In the European Union, the age limitation is 16. Thus, if this jurisdiction applies to you, RZ RAPHICS will not knowingly collect, maintain, or use personal information from children under age 16.
1.4. DATA PERMISSION
In submitting any User Content to the Site, including Personal Data and Non-personal Data, the User hereby confirms that he has the authority to (and is further willing to): post the User Content on the Site; share the User Content with other (relevant) Users; and, where applicable, such as in the instance of Images, transfer the ownership of User Content to another User through the use of an Image Transfer Agreement. Where the User Content (both Personal Data and Non-personal Data) posted by a User in any way belongs to a third party, the User must absolutely comply with the first paragraph of provision 1.4. of this Data Privacy Policy document (above); unless the User Content which in any way belongs to a third party is being used by an Artist within his portfolio, in which case this is not allowed under any circumstances whatsoever, regardless of whether the Artist has complied with the first paragraph of provision 1.4. of this Data Privacy Policy document (above). Any loss in whatsoever form arising from the use of User Content in any way belonging to a third party will fall fully and solely on the User who posted that User Content.
1.5. DATA STORAGE
Although all reasonable care will be taken by RZ GRAPHICS in the protection of the Site's contents, including its Personal Data and Non-personal Data, RZ GRAPHICS can not guarantee their absolute security, and RZ GRAPHICS is not liable for any loss of Personal Data and/or Non-personal Data and any loss in whatsoever form arising to any party(s) as a result of the loss of Personal Data and/or Non-personal Data. RZ GRAPHICS is not obligated to backup any User Content, including Personal Data and Non-personal Data, and User Content may be deleted and/or lost at any time; the User should note that the responsibility to create backup copies of a User's own Content, including any Images, rests solely with the User himself. Following task closure, the collaboration page, its files, messages, marks, and images are deleted. The high-resolution images will be accessible by the Client through his User account, but only for a finite
period of time as deemed reasonable exclusively by RZ GRAPHICS. It is fully and solely the User's responsibility to ensure he has obtained and made backups of the final high-resolution images.
1.6. DATA MAINTENANCE
All Users are fully and solely responsible for the entirety of their User Content, including their Personal Data and Non-personal Data; it is the User's responsibility to ensure that all their User Content, including their Personal Data and Non-personal Data, is: accurate, complete, reliable, useful, appropriate, true and integral.
1.7. DATA DELETION
User's may delete their User Content, including Personal Data and Non-personal Data but should note that RZ GRAPHICS may keep some or all of the User Content present in a User's account and not delete it until a later stage (if ever) when all possible requirements linked to that User Content have been fulfilled (for example, with regards to the provision of services, for fraud prevention, to comply with any legal obligations, to resolve disputes, to help enforce agreements, etc.). When RZ GRAPHICS deletes any User Content, including Personal Data and/or Non-personal Data, this User Content will be deleted from the active database but may remain in RZGRAPHICS archives; this archived version is in no way and under no circumstances intended to act as a backup and is not available to any User, including the author (User) of the archived User Content. A User can delete their User account and their entire User Content, including Personal Data and Non-personal Data, through their User account or by emailing or calling the Site, but only when said User account is inactive. Following the deletion of a User's account by the User
paragraphs one and two of provision 1.7. of this Data Privacy Policy document will still apply.
1.8. GENERAL DISCLAIMERS
All provisions made under section 5 (on liability and disclaimers) of the Terms and Conditions of Use document apply, where relevant, to all the Supporting Documentation, including this Data Privacy Policy document.
1.9. ACCESS
At your request, we will provide you with reasonable access to your personal information, so that you can review what we have stored and, if you choose, request corrections to it. You may request access by writing to us at the email address listed in the Contact Information section below. After you request access, we will provide the personal information that you request as soon as practically possible and generally no later than thirty days following the request. If you wish to correct your personal information, please send us a written explanation of the particular information that you believe should be corrected. Where information will not or cannot be accessed or amended, we will tell you the reasons. RZ GRAPHICS stores, collects, and otherwise processes information mainly in Berlin, Germany, and in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. If you are residing in the European Union/ the European Economic Area, you have the right to:
access your personal information, rectify it, restrict or object to its processing, or request its deletion,
to receive the personal information you provided to RZ GRAPHICS or to transmit it to another company. More specifically, based on the European Union laws, you may request and receive copies of the personal information that you have provided to us in a structured, commonly used, and machine-readable format and/or request us to transmit this information to another service provider (where technically feasible).
to withdraw any consent provided,
to opt out of some collection or uses of your personal information, including the use of cookies and similar technologies, the use of your personal information for marketing purposes, and the use for data analyses,
where applicable, to lodge a complaint with your supervisory authority.
We encourage you to contact us and we will respond in due time to settle all your questions and requests to the extent permitted by law.
2.1. COLLECTION OF PERSONAL DATA
"Personal Data" is used herein to refer to any data that allows someone to identify or contact an individual User; in the case of the Site, Personal Data is likely to include a User's: avatar, ID, name,
surname, address, email, telephone number, bank details, credit card details, dates of birth and identification documents and is largely collected when the User creates his User account. Credit card details will be stored by the designated third party professional payment platform and not by RZ GRAPHICS, who accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any loss in any way related to such Personal Data; the User should familiarise themselves with the relevant third
party professional payment platform's data privacy policy which applies in this instance, and not this Data Privacy Policy document, which would cease to apply. The Site uses technology to automatically collect information from the User which does not, of itself, directly identify the individual User. Such information could include: data on the User's visit to the Site (such as browser type, operating system, internet protocol address, domain name, location, language, time spent on site, date and time stamp of visit, etc.), which may be used by the Site to administer the Site, analyze User trends, track User movements around the Site, gather demographic information on Users, etc.; and also data on the User's performance (such as sales and conversions data, Image prices, Image completion date, and time stamp, job completion and closure data, etc.), which may be used by the Site to improve a User's experience with the Site. RZ GRAPHICS reserves the right to link such automatically collected information to a User's Personal Data for the purpose of security and protecting the Site against fraudulent and/or non-professional activity on behalf of any User. The Site uses Google Analytics to collect data on Users, including the collection of cookies and user IDs; Users should refer to the following link for information on the data collected by Google Analytics: http://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/ We will not upload any data that allows Google to personally identify an individual (such as name, Social Security Number, email address, or
any similar data), or data that permanently identifies a particular device (such as a unique device identifier if such an identifier cannot be reset).
2.2. USE OF PERSONAL DATA
Personal Data is, in general, used by RZ GRAPHICS to allow and subsequently improve the User's and/or other Users' experience with the Site. RZ GRAPHICS uses Personal Data to: allow the creation of a single, secure User account which will allow the User access to the Site and its services; identify a User's movements and interactions within the Site; inform internal research and development that could improve the Site and its services; customise the Site to match a User's preferences; respond to a User's request; send administrative notifications and promotional materials to Users; block Site access to suspended Users; marketing and surveys; sending service update notices; enabling sales and other transactions; processing payments
and settlement; sending payouts; handling orders; providing receipts; providing customer service; providing dispute resolution, chargebacks, refunds, or related issues; recovering debt and collections; detecting and preventing fraud; detecting and preventing violations of our legal agreements; measuring, improving, and customizing our services; fulfilling other technical, financial, legal, compliance, administrative, or back-office functions.
2.3. DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL DATA
The disclosure of Personal Data to other Users is kept to a minimum. The more sensitive elements of a User's Personal Data (such as the User's name, surname, address, email, telephone number, bank details, and/or credit card details) are visible solely to the User himself and RZ GRAPHICS.
RZ GRAPHICS may have to disclose some or all of a User's Personal Data to third-party service providers so that RZ GRAPHICS may, with the assistance of these third-party service providers, deliver the Site's services to the User. These third-party service providers are required to use a User's Personal Data solely to provide the services requested by RZ GRAPHICS; any Personal
Data in the possession of a third-party service provider will be subject to that third-party service provider's own data privacy policy, and not RZ GRAPHICS Data Privacy Policy document. 2Checkout (2CO), the third-party professional payment platform currently used by the Site, collects and stores its own Personal Data through the Site. The Site's programmer will also have
access to the Site for the purpose of maintenance, revisions, updates, etc. Other disclosures of Personal Data may occur where RZ GRAPHICS believes, in good faith, that such disclosure is necessary, for example: in conjunction with any disputes, investigations and/or legal proceedings; in compliance with any relevant laws and regulations; in defense of RZ GRAPHICS or any other Users' rights and property; etc.
2.4. STORAGE OF PERSONAL DATA
RZ GRAPHICS is committed to protecting the security of the Site's contents, including a User's Personal Data; the Site uses password hashing to protect a User's account, and it is fully and solely the User's responsibility to keep said password safe and unknown to other Users and/or unauthorized persons; whilst credit card details are stored off-Site by a third party professional payment platform.
2.5. MODIFYING PERSONAL DATA
A User can modify their User Content, including Personal Data, through their User account. Any changes to Personal Data will require the User to be reapproved by RZ GRAPHICS prior to gaining access to the Site and its services. Where a User intends to delete the entirety of his User Content by deleting his User account, then provision 1.7. of this Data Privacy Policy document applies in its entirety.
2.6. TESTIMONIALS AND FEEDBACK
The Site allows all Users to supply feedback, testimonials, and/or endorsements; any feedback is viewed solely by RZ GRAPHICS, whilst testimonials and endorsements may be displayed on the Site along with the User's name, unless said User wishes to remain anonymous, in which case the User's avatar will be used. Once submitted, all feedback, testimonials, and endorsements belong to RZ GRAPHICS, but may be modified, updated, and/or deleted by the author (User) by emailing or calling RZ GRAPHICS.
2.7. THIRD PARTIES, LINKED SITES, AND ADVERTISEMENTS
When a User follows a linked Site or advertisement from the Site and/or in any way leaves the Site, the User may end up on another Site and/or in contact with an entity other than RZ GRAPHICS, which may decide to collect their own data from the User, including Personal Data. RZ GRAPHICS Data Privacy Policy document will cease to apply the instant the User navigates away for the Site, including those instances where the User leaves the Site by following any link found on the Site and/or any prompt received by the Site; and the User will then be subject to that Site's and/or entity's own data privacy policy (whether or not that Site and/or entity has one), which RZ GRAPHICS has in no way vetted or approved, and for which RZ GRAPHICS accepts no responsibility in whatsoever form.
3. NON-PERSONAL DATA
3.1. NON-PERSONAL USER DATA
In order to make full use of the Site and its services, the User will have to submit Non-personal Data, examples of which could include: any task details as required by the Site's task form; any detailed project files; any information shared on the collaboration page; etc. The Non-personal Data entered in the Site's task form by a User is considered low sensitivity and will be posted on the Site's task board; the task board will be visible solely to RZ GRAPHICS, but not to any other Users. Non-personal Data such as the detailed project files is treated as being more sensitive and will be posted on the collaboration page only; any User Content posted on the collaboration page, including any conversation between the User and the RZ GRAPHICS, is visible solely to the User and RZ GRAPHICS.
3.2. DATA OWNERSHIP
All User Content, including both Personal Data and Non-personal Data, as posted by a User belongs fully and solely to that User, including any intellectual property rights associated with that User Content and all the possible liabilities and/or responsibilities that come with such ownership of that User Content; nonetheless, the User hereby agrees that any images present within an RZ GRAPHICS portfolio and can be used by RZ GRAPHICS, at RZ GRAPHICS full and
sole discretion, for advertising purposes. The only transfer of intellectual property rights allowed on the Site occurs through the Image Transfer Agreement document, where the intellectual property rights of those Images marked as completed by the User on the relevant collaboration page are transferred from the RZ GRAPHICS, who created said Images, to the User, who commissioned said Images, as evidenced in the relevant User/ RZ GRAPHICS Agreement; whilst still allowing for the use of said Images by the RZ GRAPHICS, within his portfolio, and for advertising purposes.
3.3. STORAGE OF NON-PERSONAL DATA
RZ GRAPHICS is committed to protecting the security of the Site's contents, including a User's Non-personal Data; the Site uses password hashing to protect a User's account, and it is fully and solely the User's responsibility to keep said password safe and unknown to other Users and/or unauthorized persons. Following task closure, the collaboration page, its files, messages, marks, and images are deleted. The high-resolution images will be accessible by the Client through his User account, but only for a finite period of time as deemed reasonable exclusively by RZ GRAPHICS. It is fully and solely the User's responsibility to ensure he has obtained and made backups of the final high-resolution images.
4. CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICYTECHNOLOGY
RZ GRAPHICS reserves the right to make changes to this privacy policy at any time by giving notice to its Users on this page. It is strongly recommended to check this page often, referring to the date of the last modification listed at the bottom. If a User objects to any of the changes to the Policy, the User must cease using this Site and can request that the RZ GRAPHICS removes the Personal Data. Unless stated otherwise, the then-current privacy policy applies to all Personal Data the RZ GRAPHICS has about Users.
5. Nondisclosure agreement (NDA) for RZ GRAPHICS ® client
To secure the sensitive data of our clients, we offer to sign an NDA (non-disclosure agreement) with RZ GRAPHICS. In order to sign an NDA with us, you need to apply to your client manager. What are the benefits of signing an NDA with RZ GRAPHICS and what does it guarantee?
RZ GRAPHICS respects your professional artwork as well as other intellectual property shared with us and will only use it to assist you with your goals. Your copyrights will remain yours.
RZ GRAPHICS will not take your artwork and other intellectual property for use on any other site, resell it, or give it to anyone under any circumstance.
RZ GRAPHICS guarantees that all information that you share with us, including artwork and other intellectual property, contact information, and client notes, will remain confidential.
RZ GRAPHICS will never contact your clients or the clients of your clients. We respect your business.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, RZ GRAPHICS may disclose any such information in response to a valid order of a court or other government body or as required by law, but only that portion of the Confidential Information which is legally required to be disclosed, or such information as may be required to resolve any dispute between you and RZ GRAPHICS.
When a project begins, all our clients become beneficiaries of one of the 2 types of rights to their project results.
5.1. Standard Image Rights
This is the type of rights all RZ GRAPHICS clients benefit from by default. This means that we reserve the right to use the project imagery for our marketing and advertising purposes. The materials we can use them for include, but are not limited to, social media posts and advertisements, printed and online catalogs, price lists, booklets, blog articles, our portfolio, posts on any other platforms.
It's important to note, however, that this applies to project results only. We do not disclose any files or documents sent by the client, i.e. construction plans.
5.2. Exclusive Image Rights
Should you wish the project results to be your sole property, you can upgrade to Exclusive Image Rights. In that case, we waive all rights to use the visual content you've got throughout the project.
©2021 RZGraphics


Tank Heroes is a new type of tank shooting game in which the bullet has a special ability. Use the keyboard to control its moving and aim direction and click the mouse to shoot. Kill all your opponents to get the high score.
WASD or arrows to move. Left click to shoot.


If you didn't take the time to understand who Mark Holley was, you would make the mistake of thinking his story started and stopped with the successful opening and sudden closure of Holley's Seafood Restaurant and Oyster Bar. Instead, Holley's was the culmination of over 25 years of culinary excellence in some of Houston's most respected restaurants.
Mark began his culinary career as a sous chef in the famed Brennan's of Houston. Brennan's was Mark's first professional introduction to upscale dining; a concept he would embrace throughout his entire career. While Brennan's gave Mark his start, it was his time at Commander's Palace in New Orleans, and more recently, Pesce, which allowed Mark to rise to local celebrity chef status. Rising to one of city's only Black Executive Chefs (Pesce) was no small feat, and would prove instrumental in Mark opening up a restaurant of his own.
"When you are a chef your dream is to own and operate your own restaurant. Being a true restaurateur is always the goal," Mark said as he reflected on his decade's long love affair with food.
This dream became a reality when Holley's opened in 2014. The upscale seafood spot opened to rave reviews, Afro-fusion seafood creations, and a diverse Midtown location that mirrored the patrons filling Holley's formal dining room and bar.
While it is clear Holley's was a testament to years of hard work, vision-setting, and execution by Mark and his team, it was also a statement to other Black restaurateurs: follow your personal culinary passion, wherever that may lead you. Mark wants young chefs and restaurateurs of color to understand the history our culture brings to the culinary table.
As one of Black Restaurant Week's (BRW) earliest adapters and constant champions of its mission, Mark understands the importance of promoting from within. For Mark, BRW provides a showcase for his culinary prowess, and an outlet for new, emerging chefs and restaurateurs to tap into Houston's rich Black culinary scene.
"I love BRW because we are shining a light on small, Blackowned businesses that might not get the awareness or recognition otherwise," Mark said.
As Mark and Yvonne, his wife and partner of the last ten years, consider their next culinary business move, Mark made it clear he is ready for anything. Time away from the restaurant has allowed Mark the opportunity to be creative again.
After three years of Holley's participating in Black Restaurant Week, Mark is committed to still participating in the 2018 edition, despite Holley's physical location closing shortly after Hurricane Harvey.
Mark – his love of food, minority entrepreneurship, and seeing adequate representation in the food space provide the perfect balance of passion and purpose to keep the tasty dishes coming.
For more information about Houston's Black Restaurant Week, visit www.houbrw.com.


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Why re-signing Petry should be top priority for Canadiens GM Bergevin
Shawn McKenzie looks at the Canadiens, who snuck into the playoffs at the 24th seed and upset the Penguins in the play-in round, and the possibility that they are closer to contending than everyone thought.
Eric Engels | @EricEngels August 31, 2020, 12:36 PM
Eric Engels @EricEngels August 31, 2020, 12:36 PM
MONTREAL — This isn't just a layup, it's akin to standing on a ladder and dropping the ball through the hoop.
Jeff Petry needs a new contract and Montreal Canadiens general manager Marc Bergevin should already be speaking to Petry's agent, Wade Arnott, about it. The 32-year-old defenceman, who's produced three consecutive seasons of at least 40 points, is approaching the end of a six-year, $33-million deal. He's 1B to Shea Weber's 1A, and he's eligible to re-sign right now and wants to stay.
"If that call comes where we're going to sit down and negotiate and have this as a part of the future, it's definitely something I'm very interested in. And I've enjoyed my time here," Petry said last week. "So I think there's a lot of things to consider, but I'm very open to that possibility if both sides can agree and if that's something that the team (has) planned moving forward."
How could it not be?
We're talking about the 17th-highest-scoring defenceman in the NHL since 2017-18. A player ranked eighth among defencemen in power-play goals, ninth in hits, 22nd in shots on net and 25th in time on ice per game over the last three seasons. He's an oversized right-hander who skates like he's got NOS in his lungs and supercharged pistons for legs, and he'd be a no. 1 on at least half the teams in the league.
Stanley Cup Playoffs on Sportsnet NOW
From the Stanley Cup Qualifiers to the Stanley Cup Final, livestream every game of the 2020 Stanley Cup Playoffs, blackout-free, on Sportsnet NOW.
There should be no pause about what Petry can bring to the table on a two- or three-year deal that runs through 2023 or 24.
Touching base with several sources over the weekend, that's the contract that would all but certainly be available to the Michigan native on the open market should he be allowed to test it when his contract expires in 2021. And given what Petry just showed in the Stanley Cup playoffs, Bergevin should do all he can to ensure he has no incentive to test it.
Time catches up to everyone, but it's a reasonable bet Petry will out-skate it over the term of his next contract. His conditioning will enable him, but so will his mindset.
"My approach game-in and game-out has been a focus of mine," Petry said of finding the consistency that was somewhat elusive over his first seven NHL seasons. "I've worked hard to become a complete two-way defenseman and offensive defenseman. It's something I've worked on and worked with the coaching staff about what they expect from me."
It's something he has delivered. Now it's time to reward him for that and bet that he can continue providing it.
It's not like the Canadiens have much of a choice if they wish to keep moving in the right direction. They have some good players in development at right defence, but none you could forecast as potential replacements for Petry in the immediate future. Cale Fleury, 21, played 41 games in the NHL and took a vital step in establishing himself this past season, but he's got lots of room to grow in every aspect of the game. Noah Juulsen, 23, is playing catch up after two seasons marred by injury. Josh Brook ,21, has the talent, but it must be moulded over time. And though 20-year-old Mattias Norlinder — a left-shot defenceman who often plays the right side — has the makings of a top-pairing NHLer, it will take him years to fill that role.
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Given all of that, it's essential to commit years to Petry.
And he's made it clear that's what he wants out of his next deal.
"At this point in my life, obviously stability and knowing where you're going to be is very important with kids starting school and stuff like that," said Petry. "You want to make sure you put yourself in a good position for your career, but obviously for the family."
For three kids born and raised in Montreal, and for a couple that considers the city home.
"From the day I got here five years ago, it's been great," said Petry. "The city was very welcoming to me and my family, and to experience my first playoffs that first year was a big reason why I re-signed with the team. My wife and I have made it home over the last five years."
Bergevin will have to navigate the financial realities brought on by COVID-19 to ensure Montreal is home for the Petrys beyond this upcoming sixth year under contract. He'll have to deal with a flat salary cap — at least until revenues begin climbing again, which might not happen for years — or even one that could decrease. And that could mean some hard decisions to make regarding some other players up for deals in 2021.
But the decision to get Petry signed is an easy one.
Bergevin might want to see what some notable 2020 free agents (like Alex Pietrangelo and Torey Krug) get paid before acting, or he might want to set the market himself with Petry's deal. But either way, signing him should be top priority.
Canucks squander big opportunity in deflating loss to Golden Knights
Iain MacIntyre
31 Thoughts: Players make unified anti-racism statement from bubble
Elliotte Friedman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The PDP Presidential Campaign Organization (PPCO) charges Nigerians to use the occasion of this year's Christmas to pray for our nation and focus on their collective resolve to vanquish oppressive forces and build a peaceful, united and prosperous country, where all citizens will live without fear.
The birth of Jesus Christ, the Saviour, signifies the triumph of light over darkness and offers Nigerians the new hope and spiritual impetus in their shared quest for a brighter future for our nation under a new administration.
This year's Christmas celebration is unique, in that it marks the last under an oppressive and insensitive administration of President Muhammadu Buhari and his dysfunctional All Progressives Congress (APC), which relish in inflicting hunger, suffering and pains on the people.
The PPCO laments the ugly situation in which Nigerians cannot celebrate a wholesome Christmas as they use to do prior to the emergence of the Buhari presidency in 2015.
PPCO however charges Nigerians not to despair as the PDP Presidential candidate, Atiku Abubakar, whom they have resolved to elect as their new President, has already perfected templates to revamp our economy and ease suffering in our nation.
In the same vein, the Atiku Abubakar policy document shows practical intervention in infrastructure and policy drive, in such a manner that guarantees rapid inflow of investments, which will in turn, revamp our ailing productive sectors, create jobs, boost the value of the naira and increase the purchasing power of Nigerians from this abysmally low level under President Buhari, to one of the most competitive in the world.
Moreover, Atiku Abubakar offers a new era of justice, equity, inclusiveness and respect for our national diversities as against the injustice, nepotism, disdain for the rights of citizens and corrupt body language with which the Buhari Presidency fouled our system, brought hardship, escalation of violence and bloodletting in our country.
Nigerians should therefore celebrate this year's Christmas, focusing on the brighter future that awaits our nation under Atiku Abubakar as the next President and not on the pessimism and promise of more suffering by President Buhari.
In this regard, the PPCO urges Nigerians to use the occasion to show love and share with compatriots in anticipation of a brighter future.
The PPCO therefore wishes all Nigerians a merry Christmas and happy end of the year festivities.


Training, footwear, nutrition, and racing strategies (i.e., drafting) have all been shown to reduce the metabolic cost of distance running (i.e., improve running economy). However, how these improvements in running economy (RE) quantitatively translate into faster running performance is less established. Here, we quantify how metabolic savings translate into faster running performance, considering both the inherent rate of oxygen uptake-velocity relation and the additional cost of overcoming air resistance when running overground. We collate and compare five existing equations for oxygen uptake-velocity relations across wide velocity ranges. Because the oxygen uptake vs. velocity relation is non-linear, for velocities slower than ∼3 m/s, the predicted percent improvement in velocity is slightly greater than the percent improvement in RE. For velocities faster than ∼3 m/s, the predicted percent improvement in velocity is less than the percent improvements in RE. At 5.5 m/s, i.e., world-class marathon pace, the predicted percent improvement in velocity is ∼2/3rds of the percent improvement in RE. For example, at 2:04 marathon pace, a 3% improvement in RE translates to a 1.97% faster velocity or 2:01:36, almost exactly equal to the recently set world record.
The remarkable 2:00:25 exhibition marathon in Monza, Italy in 2017 and the current world record time of 2:01:39 set in Berlin in 2018 by Eliud Kipchoge raise an intriguing question: can we predict improvements in endurance running performance based on improvements in running economy (RE)? Together with lactate threshold and maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max), RE is one of the three primary physiological determinants of performance (Daniels, 1985; Joyner, 1991; Foster and Lucia, 2007). RE is traditionally defined as the rate of oxygen uptake ( O2, in mlO2/kg/min) for running at a specified submaximal velocity1. Improvements in RE allow athletes to run at a faster velocity for the same oxygen uptake and thus achieve superior performances (Joyner, 1991; Hoogkamer et al., 2016, 2017). RE can also be expressed in oxygen uptake per unit distance (in mlO2/kg/km), by dividing O2 by the running velocity at which it was assessed. From ∼2.2 to 5.6 m/s (8–20 km/h), net O2 (gross minus rest or standing) per distance remains fairly constant (Margaria et al., 1963; di Prampero et al., 1986; Saibene and Minetti, 2003; Lacour and Bourdin, 2015). Accordingly, 1% improvements in RE (lower rates) should directly translate to 1% faster running performances (Daniels and Daniels, 1992; McLaughlin et al., 2010). Indeed, we demonstrated that laboratory-measured percent changes in RE translate to similar percent changes in distance running performance (assessed by 3 km time trials) (Hoogkamer et al., 2016).
Recently, we have used these insights and models to translate metabolic savings reported in the literature (Hoogkamer et al., 2017) and measured in our laboratory (Hoogkamer et al., 2018a) into predicted improvements in elite marathon running performances. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of racecourses, meteorological and competitive conditions, combined with fluctuations in the training status of elite marathon runners preclude controlled experiments on racing performance. Recent marathon race results suggest that finishing times may not match the theoretically predicted improvements from drafting (Hoogkamer et al., 2017) or advances in shoe technology (Hoogkamer et al., 2018a). Here, we examine the assumptions underlying our extrapolations and derive a revised model for extrapolating metabolic savings into running performance improvements.
To extrapolate how changes in RE will impact performance, we focus on the gross O2-velocity relation. If the relation is directly proportional with a zero O2-intercept, running 1% faster exacts a 1% higher metabolic rate and we can expect that a 1% improvement in RE would allow for a 1% faster race performance (Hoogkamer et al., 2016). There are many reports of linear gross O2-velocity relations for treadmill running. The relations have either positive (Pugh, 1970; Léger and Mercier, 1984; Helgerud et al., 2010) or negative O2-intercepts (Joyner, 1991; Daniels and Daniels, 1992; Jones and Doust, 1996), depending on the velocity ranges considered. In the case of a linear gross O2-velocity relation with a positive O2-intercept, running 1% faster requires less than 1% more oxygen. In the case of a linear gross O2-velocity relation with a negative O2-intercept, running 1% faster requires more than 1% more oxygen. It is therefore critical to base any extrapolation of metabolic savings to running performance on the best available O2-velocity relation data.
More recent treadmill running studies have indicated that both the gross O2-velocity relation and the metabolic rate (Watts or kcal/min)-velocity relations are actually better described as inherently curvilinear, especially over wide ranges in velocity (Steudel-Numbers and Wall-Scheffler, 2009; Batliner et al., 2018; Black et al., 2018; Kipp et al., 2018). Figure 1A illustrates both linear and curvilinear regressions to treadmill running data from 10 high-level male runners (<30-min 10 km) for velocities spanning 1.78–5.14 m/s and measured at ∼1600 m altitude (Batliner et al., 2018). The upward curvilinear relation explains why a positive gross O2-intercept is observed when a linear regression line is fitted to slow velocity gross O2 data (Bransford and Howley, 1977; Maughan and Leiper, 1983) and a negative intercept when fitted to fast velocity gross O2 data (Conley and Krahenbuhl, 1980; Joyner, 1991; Daniels and Daniels, 1992; Jones and Doust, 1996). A critical implication of a curvilinear gross O2-velocity relation is that at fast running velocities, a 1% improvement in RE translates to smaller (<1%) improvements in running velocity and thus a less than directly proportional performance benefit. This inherent upward curvilinearity, has not previously been accounted for in models to predict running performance (di Prampero et al., 1986; McLaughlin et al., 2010).
Figure 1. Oxygen uptake ( O2) increases curvilinearly with running velocity. (A) Linear (solid line) and curvilinear (dashed line) regressions to treadmill running data from 10 high-level male runners (<30-min 10 km) over a wide range of velocities (1.78–5.14 m/s) (Batliner et al., 2018). (B) Batliner et al. (2018) quadratic equation (dashed line) and the quadratic equation combined with Pugh's cubic term for overcoming air resistance (solid line), as per Eq. . (C) Based on this cubic Eq.  (black line), a 10% improvement in running economy (RE; gray line) allows for percent improvements in running velocity which depend on running velocity itself. At slower running velocities (∼<3.0 m/s), O2 increases gradually with increases in running velocity, and, as a result at 2.5 m/s a 10% improvement in RE should facilitate running 12.6% faster. At faster running velocities, O2 increases steeply with running velocity and as a result at 5.5 m/s, a 10% improvement in RE should allow for running only 6.7% faster.
Air resistance is a second important consideration when translating metabolic savings quantified in treadmill studies to overground running performance. Most studies that show a curvilinear O2-velocity relation have actually been conducted on treadmills, with negligible air resistance (Steudel-Numbers and Wall-Scheffler, 2009; Black et al., 2018; Batliner et al., 2018; Kipp et al., 2018). However, as described by Pugh (1970, 1971), the oxygen cost of overcoming air resistance can be expected to increase more than proportionally at faster running velocities, since air drag force is proportional to air (running) velocity squared (du Bois-Reymond, 1925; Hill, 1928) and hence mechanical power (force × velocity) is proportional to velocity cubed. Specifically, Pugh (1971) related the metabolic cost of overcoming air resistance to the mechanical power needed to overcome the air drag forces during running: O2 (L/min) = 0.00354⋅Ap⋅v3 for an athlete of projected frontal area Ap (m2), running at velocity v (m/s), through still air. Throughout this paper, we will use an Ap of 0.45 m2, for an elite male marathoner (58 kg and 1.71 m) (DuBois and DuBois, 1916; Hoogkamer et al., 2017). Léger and Mercier (1984) added Pugh's cubic air resistance term to the linear equation they had derived from a regression on data from 10 separate treadmill studies over various moderate velocity ranges. Velocity (v) is expressed in m/s for all equations below.
In Eq. 2 and Figure 1B (sold line), we added Pugh's cubic air resistance term to the inherent curvilinear equation from Batliner et al., 2018.
In Figure 1C we have depicted how this curvilinear O2-velocity relation affects the predicted improvements in running velocity with a consistent hypothetical 10% improvement in RE. The percent velocity enhancement resulting from an improvement in RE depends on the baseline running velocity itself.
Multiple long-term interventions, such as endurance, interval, resistance, and plyometric training, have been shown to improve RE (for review: Saunders et al., 2004; Barnes and Kilding, 2015). Other factors such as the racecourse elevation profile (e.g., downhill) (Minetti et al., 2002), favorable meteorological conditions and innovations in footwear can also improve RE (Hoogkamer et al., 2017). Recently, we showed that a prototype of the Nike Vaporfly 4%, a shoe with exceptionally compliant and resilient midsole in which a stiff carbon-fiber plate is embedded improved RE by an average of 4%, compared to two well-established racing shoes (Hoogkamer et al., 2018a). The mechanisms behind the energy savings have been detailed in Hoogkamer et al. (2019). How much faster could an athlete wearing these shoes run, assuming their response is equal the average response of our group; i.e., a consistent improvement in RE of 4%?
We quantified the possible improvements in running velocity using Eqs 1 and 2, by Léger and Mercier (1984) and Batliner et al. (2018), treadmill data from Black et al. (2018) and Kipp et al. (2018), and overground running data from Tam et al. (2012). Figure 2A shows how the improvements in running velocity that are possible with a 4% improvement in RE depend on running velocity for each of these studies.
Figure 2. Predicted percent improvements in running velocity depend on the baseline running velocity. (A) Predicted percent improvements in running velocity vs. running velocity, based on a 4% improvement in RE, using several equations from the recent scientific literature. The solid green is based on a quadratic fit through Batliner et al. (2018) data with Pugh's cubic air resistance term. The green dashed line is based on a linear fit through Batliner et al. (2018) data combined with Pugh's cubic air resistance term. The difference between the two green lines highlights the importance of the inherent curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation which substantially alters the magnitude of percent improvement in velocity. (B) Predicted percent improvements in running velocity vs. running velocity, based on 1 to 4% improvements in RE, using Eq. , which combines the quadratic equation from Batliner et al. (2018) with Pugh's cubic air resistance term. Beyond the velocity range of Batliner et al. (2018) (>5.14 m/s) prediction lines are dashed.
We fit a quadratic equation through the O2 data of Black et al. (2018) who studied 14 male and 10 female athletes running at 10 different velocities from 2.22 to 4.72 m/s at sea level. Then, we added Pugh's cubic air resistance term (Eq. 3).
Similarly, we fit a quadratic equation through Kipp et al.'s (2018) data measured at ∼1600 m altitude for 10 high-level male athletes at six running velocities ranging from 2.22 to 5.00 m/s and added Pugh's cubic air resistance term (Eq. 4).
Uniquely, Tam et al. (2012) measured O2 in 10 elite male Kenyan athletes (<2:09-h marathon) running overground on a clay track at ∼2,000 m altitude at four running velocities ranging from 3.33 to 5.00 m/s. They constrained their regression to have a linear and a cubic term, without a square term, similar to Léger and Mercier (1984). Tam et al. (2012) expressed their metabolic data in net energy cost of transport (J/kg/km) (gross – upright resting) and then fit a line through the data plotted against the square of velocity. We repeated this analysis for the data expressed in ml O2/kg/km, converted this to rate of oxygen uptake in ml O2/kg/min and then added the reported upright resting rate of oxygen uptake, to get gross O2 values at each velocity (Eq. 5).
The equations with a square term (Eqs. 2–4) all follow a similar trend and concur closely for running velocities faster than 4 m/s (Figure 2A). While the cubic term in Eq. 1 is identical to that in Eqs. 2–4, Eq. 1 predicts fairly consistent velocity improvements over the presented velocity range (2.5–6.0 m/s), as opposed to the increasingly smaller percent velocity improvements predicted with Eqs. 2–4. This indicates that the square term (which represents the inherent curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation) substantially alters the relation between baseline running velocity and the possible improvements in running velocity. This is also demonstrated by the dashed line, which is based on a linear fit through Batliner et al.'s (2018) data with Pugh's cubic air resistance term added.
Interestingly, this line closely resembles the running velocity improvements predicted using Leger and Mercier's (1984) and Tam et al.'s (2012) equations, which do not have a square term. In short, ignoring the inherent curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation results in over-prediction of the percent improvements in velocity at the faster velocities.
It is important to realize that Eqs. 1–4 are used to predict changes in performance at sea level. If one wants to apply these equations to predict changes in performance at other altitudes, Pugh's cubic air resistance term should be adjusted for the difference in air density. While second order polynomials are fit through treadmill O2 data collected at altitude (∼1600 m for Batliner et al., 2018 and Kipp et al., 2018), we believe that the effect of air density on the relation between O2 and treadmill running speed is small, since externally it would only affect the cost of moving the extremities through the air relative to the torso.
Eqs. 2–4 take into account the inherent curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation, but their coefficients differ slightly. This is likely due to differences in the subject populations tested and the experimental setups. One of the major determinants of the equation coefficients is the velocity range over which the data were collected. Narrower velocity ranges result in less pronounced curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation. A narrower velocity range is what has led many previous studies to describe the O2-velocity relation as linear (Menier and Pugh, 1968; Daniels and Daniels, 1992; Helgerud et al., 2010). Here, we have utilized the Batliner et al., 2018 equation (Eq. 2) because it is derived from the widest running velocity range. Interestingly, even though it was collected over the widest range of velocity, it has the most conservative inherent curvilinearity term (as seen in the square term of the equation).
Figure 2B depicts the relation between the baseline running velocity and the percent increases in running velocity possible for different percent improvements in RE, based on Eq. 2. With an improvement in RE of 1% (due to training, footwear, nutrition, tailwind, etc.) a recreational athlete who could typically run at 2.60 m/s (4:30:00 marathon) would be predicted to run their race 1.17% faster, finishing in ∼4:26:53, a 3 min and 7 s improvement. Alternatively, with the same 1% improvement in RE, an elite marathoner running at 5.72 m/s (2:03:00 marathon), would be able to run only 0.65% faster, finishing in 2:02:13, only a 47 s improvement. A similar trend is apparent for all improvements in RE (Figure 2B). Generally, for velocities slower than ∼3 m/s, the percent improvement in velocity are expected to be slightly greater than the percent improvement in RE. For velocities faster than ∼3 m/s, percent improvements in velocity are expected to be less than the percent improvements in RE. At velocities faster than ∼5.5 m/s (∼2:08 marathon pace), percent improvements in velocity are expected to be less than 2/3rds of the percent improvements in RE.
We used this same approach to go back to our 2016 study (Hoogkamer et al., 2016), where we demonstrated that lab-measured changes in RE translate to similar changes in distance running performance, assessed by 3 km time trials. The metabolic data indicated that adding 100 g mass to each shoe worsened RE on average by 1.11%, while it slowed 3 km time trial performance by 0.78%. The discrepancy in those percent changes can now be explained by the inherent curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation and the additional curvilinear cost of overcoming air resistance. Eq. 2 predicts that a 1.11% worsening in RE at a running velocity of 4.79 m/s (i.e., the average running velocity during the 3 km time trials) would result in a 0.78% slower time, exactly matching the experimentally observed average slowing of the time trial performances.
Calculating predicted improvements in running velocity based on baseline running velocity and percent improvements in RE based on Eq. 2, requires the non-trivial solving of a third-order polynomial for running velocity (v). To allow readers to calculate their own comparisons/predictions, we provide a spreadsheet that solves the cubic equation (see Supplementary Material). The spreadsheet predicts marathon, half-marathon, and 10 km performances based on only four inputs: height, weight, percent improvement in RE and baseline performance. When using this calculator, it is important to realize that it provides a general prediction that does not take into account individual variability in the O2-velocity relation. Furthermore, percent improvements in RE due to footwear innovations (Hoogkamer et al., 2018a) or long-term training interventions (Saunders et al., 2004; Barnes and Kilding, 2015) also differ between individuals. Finally, Pugh's cubic air resistance term is dependent on a runner's projected frontal area, which can be estimated based on the runner's height and body mass. In this paper, we have assumed those to be 1.71 m and 58 kg, respectively. In the Supplementary Spreadsheet, these numbers can be adjusted at will.
At the previous world record marathon pace of 5.72 m/s, a 4% improvement in RE translates to a 2.64% faster running velocity, allowing a marathon time of 1:59:47. Yet, with the introduction of a 4% more economical running shoe, the marathon world record has only been broken by 1.03%. It is important to note that Dennis Kimetto, the previous holder of the world record has not competed in the newly developed shoe. The fastest marathon by Eliud Kipchoge (current marathon world record holder) prior to adopting the shoes with an average of 4% RE enhancement was 2:04:00 at Berlin in 2015. According to our calculations, starting with a 2:04 baseline, a 3% improvement in RE translates to a 1.97% faster velocity or 2:01:36, almost exactly equal to the recently set world record. It is unknown how much of a RE enhancement Kipchoge experiences in the new shoes.
The major assumption in our approach to predict improvements in running performance based on improvements in RE is that all other performance related factors remain the same. This might not always be the case. For example, when RE is improved through drafting behind other competitors or pacemakers, the reduced air flow over the skin might negatively affect the runner's thermoregulation (less heat convection/evaporation), which could impair running performance and, at least partly, counter the gains in RE (Hoogkamer et al., 2018b). Although small body size provides thermoregulatory advantages (via a greater surface area to volume ratio) (Joyner et al., 2011), the aerodynamic drag force per kg body mass is greater for smaller individuals.
Similarly, when RE is improved by running an overall downhill course, it can be expected that the repeated eccentric loading will result in additional muscle damage (Hikida et al., 1983), which will negatively affect running performance. Muscle damage is likely to occur in elite marathon runners due to the distance and fast speeds, but it is not well understood how RE changes with muscle damage or fatigue. Indeed, there are several reports of worsening RE during the marathon and ultra-marathon distance (Petersen et al., 2007; Vernillo et al., 2017), which might be related to muscle damage, fatigue (Millet et al., 2011) or substrate utilization shifts (Vernillo et al., 2017). However, as long as those RE changes during the marathon are consistent and do not change the curvilinearity of the O2-velocity relation, deterioration in RE during a race should not affect our predictions. Theoretically, running faster per se, independent of the source of the improvement in RE, might result in more muscle damage during a race, which would impair running performance. However, more cushioned running shoes can be expected to reduce muscle damage. It may also be that the extensive training of elite marathoners mitigates the muscle damage common in slower marathoners. Further, some data suggest that RE differences between shoes might be affected by fatigue (Vercruyssen et al., 2016).
A potential limitation of our approach is that we do not have direct measurements of the relation between running velocity and metabolic energy cost (i.e., W/kg or kcal/min) at elite marathon pace. If this relation is steeper beyond the tested velocity range, percent improvements in performance will be even smaller. Distance runners in shorter races (e.g., half-marathons and 10 km) compete at velocities above their lactate threshold, where it is not possible to measure RE due to contributions from non-oxidative sources. It is not completely understood how the total metabolic demands (oxidative and non-oxidative) change at these high intensities.
Unlike elite runners, slower runners should have a greater percent improvement from technological advancements in footwear. As shown in Figure 1C, at slower speeds, there is a greater improvement in velocity for a given improvement in RE. Thus, it is likely that improvements in RE from footwear will produce a wave of recreational runners setting personal records (Quealy and Katz, 2018).
Our analysis here focused solely on the oxygen cost of running. Expressing RE in units of rates of energy utilization (W/kg or kcals/min/kg) accounts for differences in substrate utilization and, therefore, in the amount of energy liberated per liter oxygen. To be most relevant to elite marathoners, future investigations should quantify how the energy cost of running changes during overground running at world-class marathon velocities on pavement surfaces at sea level.
SK and WH were responsible for conception of the review. SK drafted the manuscript. RK and WH revised it. RK conceived of the calculator in the Supplementary Material while SK and WH developed it. SK, RK, and WH approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
RK is a paid consultant to Nike, Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank Erik K. Johnson for pointing out the existence of analytical solutions for third order polynomials and Dr. Matthew I. Black for providing us with the data from his article.
^ We and others prefer to express RE in units of energy utilization (W/kg or kcals/min/kg) (Fletcher et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2014; Beck et al., 2018; Kipp et al., 2018) to account for differences in substrate utilization and therefore, in the amount of energy liberated per liter of oxygen uptake. Here, we needed to incorporate several classic studies that only reported oxygen uptake rates and thus we express RE in units of oxygen uptake rate.
Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., and Kram, R. (2019). The biomechanics of competitive male runners in three marathon racing shoes: a randomized crossover study. Sports Med. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-1024-z [Epub ahead of print].
Copyright © 2019 Kipp, Kram and Hoogkamer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


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"Commissioner" means the Delaware Alcoholic Beverage Control Commissioner or Designee, the Division of Revenue.
"Port of Entry" means the initial place, airport, common carrier terminal, or supply point for final distribution and delivery to the individual's home within Delaware.
"Purchases" means when the merchandise has been unloaded on the premises of the licensee and receipt acknowledged by signing the way bill.
"Wine, Cider, Spirits, Beer" means all alcoholic liquor to include bond alcohol as well as non-bond alcohol.
2.1.1	Each licensed importer, when placing an order with a supplier, shall mail or electronically transmit directly to the supplier a true copy of the numbered purchase order showing the quantity, variety and size of container for each alcoholic liquor ordered. These purchase orders are to be provided on demand when requested by the Commissioner.
2.1.2	Each licensed importer, shall record for the Commissioner by the close of business on the last calendar day of the month all purchases of wines, cider, spirits, and beer. This report shall show the importer purchase order number, supplier invoice number, amount of cases, exact gallonage for wine, cider, and spirits, and exact barrelage for beer. Each page shall be sub-totaled, except the last page, which shall show a grand total. This report shall be submitted to the Commissioner by the last business day following the last calendar day of the reporting month, except for the month of May. The May report will be due by the 15th of June.
2.1.3	If there is a variance between the supplier sales report in 2.2.1 below and the importer purchases report in 2.1.2 above, a full explanation will be required from both the supplier and the importer and a fine can be imposed on that supplier and/or importer.
2.2.1	Each licensed supplier shall record for the Commissioner by the close of business on the last calendar day of each month all shipments of wine, cider, spirits, and beer into Delaware. This report shall be submitted to the Commissioner by the fifteenth day following the last calendar day of the reporting month. This report shall show the supplier invoice number, the importer purchase order number, date shipment was made or sent, number of cases and/or barrels and total amount in gallons or in barrelage, or both. This report shall have attached any credit invoices and/or memos issued for returns or transfers relating to the Delaware importer for that month. This information must be in the same form as stated above in this paragraph. A fine can be imposed on that supplier for failure to send any credit invoices and/or memos. If there were not any shipments made to Delaware, then the report must state "NO SHIPMENTS FOR THE MONTH OF". If the supplier does not send the monthly report, a fine can be imposed by the Commissioner on that supplier. If the purchase order number does not appear on the report or correspond with the importer purchase order number, then a fine can be imposed on that supplier and/or the importer.
2.2.2	Although it is not required that sales invoices be sent with the supplier's monthly report, sales invoices are to be provided on demand when requested by the Commissioner.
3.1.1	Tax due the state of Delaware on the purchases reported in subsection 2.1.2 above, shall be verified, computed, and paid by cash, money order, or check by the last business day of the calendar month in which it is required to be reported except for the month of May. The May tax payment must be paid by the fifteenth day of June, and if the date falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the next business day of the calendar month.
3.1.2	Any beer, spirits, wines or cider on which the Delaware tax has not been paid in accordance with this rule shall be seized by DATE.
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4.2	The official factor for spirits is one liter = .26417 gallons.
4.3	The Delaware tax in 4 Del.C. §581, for beer provides a per barrel (31 U.S. gallons) tax computation.
1.1.2.1	For each gallon of spirits containing 25 percent or less of ethyl alcohol by volume, $2.50.
1.1.2.2	For each gallon of spirits containing more than 25 percent of ethyl alcohol by volume, $3.75.


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Dimwitted Jason Babin eagerly awaiting trade to Eagles
New York, NY – With so many moves being made over the weekend, dunderheaded defensive end Jason Babin has been sitting eagerly by his phone since Sunday evening, convinced the Eagles will be contacting him soon to reunite the 2011 dream team.
"Do you see what those guys are doing? They're spending all of this money, they're bringing the dream team back together!" The dimwitted Babin said. "I can't wait to get back in that locker room. Those guys loved me."
Babin of course was referencing the notoriously hated 2011 "dream team," which was declared by backup quarterback Vince Young before the start of the season. The team finished the year 8-8, with Jason Babin leading the team in sacks despite being the most hated member of the locker room.
The universally despised Babin was hated by teammates, detested by the media and loathed by the fanbase for his general asshole attitude during his two seasons in Philadelphia. Despite recording 18 sacks in his first year with the team, Babin was released the next year after declined production and several mind numbing statements about the team's performance and the city's fanbase.
The known chowderhead described those two seasons as the "best of my life," apparently forgetting the disparaging remarks he made of the city's fans after he was released. The mush-minded athlete apparently believed he would be welcomed back to the city with open arms, when in reality fans would relish the opportunity to hurl beer bottles at the steroid-riddled simpleton.
Even though he was one of the most hated Philadelphia athletes of all time and recently signed a new, one-year deal with the Jets, Babin remained optimistic he would soon be traded to the Eagles.
"I had the time of my life those two seasons and I know the fans will welcome me back with open arms," he said, as he sat next to a toaster, mistaking it for his cellular phone.
"I can't wait to go back to Trenton and play for the Eagles," he said, forgetting that the team was from Philadelphia.
The dum-dum then severely burned the side of his face after eagerly answering the toaster when his cell phone went off in the other room.
Posted in BREAKING NEWS and tagged Eagles, Jason Babin, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Eagles on March 9, 2015 by BL. Leave a comment
← Chip Kelly's plan apparently to give Angelo Cataldi a massive stroke
Oh Jason….why do you do this to us? →


text:
* CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

– CSS 意思就是 层叠样式表

* Styles define how to display HTML elements

– 样式定义了HTML元素怎样去显示

* Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets

– 样式一般存储在样式表中

* Styles were added to HTML to solve a problem

– 样式添加到HTML中用来解决问题

* External Style Sheets can save you a lot of work

– 利用外部样式表可以提高你的工作效率

* External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

– 外部样式表存储在CSS文件中

* With CSS, your HTML documents can be displayed using different output styles

– 使用CSS,你的HTML文档可以用不同的样式输出来显示

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Flite Test: Aviation - RC Planes - Multirotors : 189 The Chad Kapper Reunion!
189 The Chad Kapper Reunion!
On todays episode Josh and Austin catch up with Flite Test Founder Chad Kapper on what 2018 might hold for him and his endeavors!
If you have not done so already, be sure to subscribe and rate us on itunes! Also, check us out on Youtube for more awesome content!


text:
COVID-19 Information Department Pages
Community messages regarding COVID-19
Student Testing and Related Protocols
Faculty and Staff Testing and Related Protocols
Contact Tracing Guidelines
Additional Information for Employees
Access to Athletics Facilities
Visitors and Vendors
COVID-19 Planning Group
Email: covid19@swarthmore.edu
Update on COVID-19 Planning and Policies
Dear Faculty and Staff Colleagues,
As many public health and medical professionals predicted, the latest surge in COVID-19 cases seems to have peaked and is now in steady decline, with several positive indicators, such as significant drops in case counts and hospitalization rates in the region. With that in mind, we are writing to confirm that on Monday, Jan. 31, students and faculty members will resume in-person classes, and staff members will return to the work plans that were in place for the fall semester. We also want to share several updates to our COVID-19 policies on faculty and staff testing and isolation protocols, as well as visitors to campus.
Transitioning to Rapid Antigen Test
Beginning next week and until further notice, faculty and staff members working on campus will be required to test twice a week using rapid antigen tests. The test kits will be available for pickup at the same locations as in the fall.
The College will use BD Veritor rapid antigen test kits for employee testing. Each kit comes with two tests, and faculty and staff members working on campus must perform two tests each week (meaning typically using one kit per week) and report the test results to the College. Details on how to do so are available on the Faculty and Staff COVID-19 Testing Information page. Faculty and staff members should test on either Mondays and Wednesdays, or Tuesdays and Thursdays, whenever possible. Tests should be taken at least 24 hours and no more than 48 hours apart.
Whenever possible, faculty and staff members should plan to take their rapid tests before reporting to work on the days noted above. If you receive a positive result, you must not come to campus. All positive results must immediately be reported to the COVID-19 Employee Test Team (CETT) at cett@swarthmore.edu, as well as to Theresa Maguire in Human Resources at tmaguir1@swarthmore.edu. Someone from the College will be in touch via email with additional information on isolation protocols.
If you are already on campus and test positive, you must notify your supervisor that you are ill and return home for isolation. You are encouraged, though not required, to inform your supervisor that you have tested positive for COVID-19.
For complete details on our faculty and staff testing policy, including additional information on how to perform these rapid antigen tests, visit the Faculty and Staff COVID-19 Testing Information page.
Coverage For Other At-Home COVID-19 Test Kits Through IBX
Faculty and staff members who are covered under any of the College's Independence Blue Cross health care plans also receive coverage for a limited number of "at-home" tests. You can find more information and coverage details on the Human Resources website.
Please be aware that individuals who take advantage of this benefit are still required to participate in the weekly testing program using only those tests provided by the College; other antigen or PCR tests may not be used as an alternative to the weekly testing program requirement.
Updated Isolation Protocols
As a reminder, faculty and staff members who test positive for COVID-19 with either a College-provided test or through a test obtained on their own are required to immediately notify the COVID-19 Employee Test Team (CETT) at CETT@swarthmore.edu and Theresa Maguire in Human Resources at tmaguir1@swarthmore.edu.
Faculty and staff members who test positive for COVID-19 must not come to campus, or, if you are already on campus and test positive, you must notify your supervisor that you are ill and return home for isolation. All faculty and staff members who test positive must isolate for at least five days, with the first day being the first full day after either (A) you tested positive for COVID-19, or (B) your symptoms developed, whichever came first.
For example, if you test positive for COVID-19 on Wednesday and immediately begin to isolate, Thursday is considered your first full day of isolation.
Faculty and staff members who test positive and who DO NOT have symptoms may end isolation after five full days following the day of the positive test. (In the example above, the individual would be able to return to work on campus on Tuesday.) Asymptomatic employees who test positive and who are able to work remotely should do so when possible and in coordination with their supervisor.
If you test positive WITH symptoms, you may end isolation after at least five full days IF:
You are fever-free for 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medication, AND
Your symptoms have improved enough to return to work with no remaining respiratory symptoms (nasal congestion, cough, sore throat).
If symptoms persist, you must continue to isolate.
Faculty and staff members who test positive will be exempt from the College's weekly COVID-19 surveillance testing requirement for 90 days from the date of the positive test. However, these employees WILL be required to test within that 90-day period if they develop COVID-19 symptoms or are considered a close contact of another positive case.
More information on our current isolation practices can be found on our Faculty & Staff Contact Tracing, Quarantine, and Isolation page.
Verifying your Booster Shot
A reminder that the College requires all students, faculty, and staff members to receive a COVID-19 booster vaccine and to upload your new COVID-19 vaccination record into MySwarthmore by Monday, Jan. 31, or within 30 days of being eligible. Instructions on how to upload your information can be found on the COVID-19 Vaccine Information page. Please contact humanresources@swarthmore.edu if you have any questions.
We continue to require masking indoors. We strongly encourage everyone to upgrade from cloth masks to high-quality, well-fitting, three-layered disposable surgical masks, worn so the edges fit tightly enough to reduce any openings around the nose and mouth. The College can provide you with three-layered surgical masks. These are available now in the entrances of buildings. To order a supply for your department, use this form.
Please review the College's masking policy for more details.
Visitors and Spectators
We will continue to restrict access to indoor campus facilities to current students, faculty, and staff members only for at least the next two weeks. Please keep your OneCard on you at all times, as you will need it to access campus buildings. You can check your building access by logging in to the OneCard center. If you have questions about your access to a certain facility, please contact the OneCard office.
We are also extending the prohibition on any spectators attending athletic events, performances, and other campus events for an additional two weeks.
We hope and expect that the positive trends referenced above will continue, and that we will reinstate visitor access to campus facilities and spectator access to athletic and other campus events on Monday, Feb. 14. As with all of our policies and practices, we will regularly evaluate this decision and communicate with you about any necessary changes.
Vendors will be permitted to continue to come to campus to support the ongoing operations of the College. Vendors are required to be up to date on their vaccinations, including by having a booster shot if eligible. We will provide more detailed information on our vendor protocols next week.
Thank you for your continued efforts to help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our community. If you have additional questions, please refer to the College's COVID-19 Information site or contact covid19@swarthmore.edu.
Members of the COVID-19 Planning Group
A Brief Update on COVID-19 for January 2023
COVID-19 Updates for the Fall Semester


This is the first all-conference honor for Schmid.
Schmid, who is in her second season with the Wolf Pack after transferring from Arizona Western College, is Nevada's leading scorer at 12.4 points per game. Schmid is shooting 41.0 percent from 3-point range, which ranks in the top 30 nationally. Her 64 made 3-pointers are second-most in the Mountain West.
During the Pack's final home game of the season against San Jose State, Schmid poured in a career-high 32 points and tied the school record with eight 3-pointers made. Schmid has also been Nevada's best free throw shooter during league play at 92.5 percent.
Nevada opens the first round of the Mountain West Tournament on Monday at 4:30 p.m. at Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas against No. 7 seeded Fresno State.
The 11 MW women's basketball coaches chose Colorado State senior Ellen Nystrom as the Mountain West Women's Basketball Player of the Year.
Wyoming coach Joe Legerski earned his second MW Coach of the Year honor after guiding the Cowgirls to a second-place finish. Fresno State junior Bego Faz Davalos was awarded Defensive Player of the Year, while Utah State rookie Eliza West was chosen as the Freshman of the Year. New Mexico's Richelle van der Keijl was recognized as the Newcomer of the Year and Cowgirls sophomore Marta Gomez was named 6th Player of the Year. It is the second year in a row that Nystrom and Faz Davalos have earned their respective individual honors.
Five seniors and five juniors make up this year's All-MW team. Nystrom, a four-time All-Mountain West selection, was one of five repeat honorees. Making their second appearances on the league's postseason team, along with Faz Davalos, were Boise State senior Brooke Pahukoa, New Mexico junior Cherise Beynon and San José State senior Dezz Ramos. San Diego State junior McKynzie Fort and UNLV junior Dakota Gonzalez moved up to the all-conference team this season from the honorable mention list. Rounding out the team was Colorado State senior Elin Gustavsson, New Mexico senior Richelle van der Keijl and Wyoming junior Liv Roberts.


Join Dizzlephunk every 3rd Wednesday in Ivanhoe Village for Orlando Weekly's Drink Around The Hood!
We did it! Smashington Denver was a huge success!
As a Redbull DJ, I was pleased to represent the Global Cross Rally at Daytona Speedway!


It's the most wondeful time of the year! What a great time to adopt a furry friend from Low Country Golden Retriever Rescue! The rescue provides loving foster homes for the Goldens, where they show the dogs love and attention, while also evaluating each dog's behavior. Their goal is to find a safe, loving, permanent home for each Golden Retriever they rescue - this is where YOU come in!
The Low Country Golden Retriever Rescue Resource is an all volunteer run, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that rescues Golden Retrievers whom have been abandoned, abused or surrendered by their owners.


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Hello, I recently shot some gray SPI epoxy primer reduced (slow reducer) 1:1:1 as a sealer over some gray SPI 2k. I am getting a slight texture that is slightly larger than overspray, but can't be seen from a few feet back. I am confident in my air setup running a refrigerated dryer and a 1 gallon desiccant separator in my booth. Unreduced epoxy sprayed fine, as well as some Euro clear the same day with no indications of water contamination. Should the reduced epoxy lay out totally flat? Did I add too much reducer? Could this be overspray from an improper gun setup? On this particular project I'm spraying a gray color with huge amounts of metallic flakes, terrible coverage and you can see everywhere the metallics fall differently. Its crucial that the sealer be 100% uniform. I can sand down the reduced epoxy, but that defeats the purpose. Any tips or thoughts on using SPI epoxy primer as a sealer? You can see the small imperfections in the image below.
What size needle did you use? HVLP or RP?
I'm not sure what we're seeing there, but if you need a smoother surface, you might put a couple coats of base on and sand that a bit (if it's allowed) or spray a wet coat of less reduced epoxy, sand that, and paint it within the 7 day window when it is still acting as an adhesion promoter for the base.
The reason I'm saying all this and not trying to suggest how to lay the reduced epoxy flatter is that there are too many different things that affect it. But maybe you are putting it on a bit too heavy, it should be like a coat of basecoat, just enough to stick well to the primer and have base stick well to it. It doesn't need to be a full, wet coat.
1500 wetsand if you feel you need too before base, I think it looks ok for base.
Thanks for the responses. I was hoping this was something common I was doing wrong and could be identified quickly. I attached another picture showing what I was talking about. It was shot with a HVLP 1.3 Devilbiss SLG that I use for epoxy, just never used it reduced as a sealer. I realize thats a terrible gun, but still never had issues when spraying unreduced epoxy. I am spraying HOK Galaxy Gray which as stated above, covers terrible and shows literally any inconsistent colors in the primer no matter how many coats of base I apply. I usually don't have issues spraying directly over wetsanded 2K. I did end up wetsanding these little nibs out of the epoxy, just was hoping I could put the base right over the sealer, but with this many metallics I knew those little buggers would show up.
What am I giving up the more the epoxy is reduced? What would be the problem with reducing more than 50%?
With Euro on top, final product came out nice, plus I found a great use for those white SPI boxes .
I also get those little bumps with epoxy. Though I have never got to the step of base/clear, so I don't know what would happen if you leave them. I also spray epoxy with a cheap Devilbis gun. I have come to the conclusion that this gun dry sprays at the outer edges of the fan. I think it is either dry spray globs, or the epoxy not strained fine enough. Since this is for primer coats only, I'm not going to worry about it. For the final sealer coat I will use my base/clear gun. Or for the final coat of epoxy, don't reduce and wetsand 600.
Two things come to mind, first is that I use 125 micron strainers for sealers instead of the more common 190, and for jobs where there can't be any flaws/texture, a bit of light sanding/denibbing is going to occur at some point prior to the final coats of base.
Had to revive this thread. I again used unreduced epoxy with no problems and tried to mix some up as a sealer and ran into similar issues as described before. I paid particular attention to the particulates in the strainer this time. Here's what I found. Why would the epoxy be reacting this way? All 3 parts 1:1:1 came from "sealed" containers. The epoxy is a little older date code 09/16. The strainers I had been using were 125, but clearly this gunk is getting through, and or forming in the paint gun. You can see a bubble in the bottom of the paint cup seemingly as a chemical reaction.
2 years old, looks like sitting for so long the pigment had started to clump together. as with any paint it settles over time. this looks like it just hasnt redissolved all the way. if epoxy gets old it is still good as a primer but i prob wouldnt be using it for sealer on something that needed to be a flawless finish. in any case what you do here is seal with 1 coat, put on 2 coats of base. let sit an hr then go in with some 600 or 800, denib it then do the last 1 or 2 coats. honestly, for something that had to be really perfect then this is what you should be doing anyway.
Thanks for the response. I actually am thinking it may be a combination of the two responses above. Lets say all things equal if I used a paint stick with dried epoxy on it the added reducer may help break that down off the paint stick when a standard mix of epoxy may not? I don't recall if the stir stick had dried epoxy on it or not. Obviously I wouldn't mix base or clear without using a new stick. It is also the bottom quarter of the can and could have had air contamination over time? Even when sealed wouldn't that mean 3/4 of the can is full of air? Frustrating, I love the epoxy just never got it to work right as a sealer, so far.
Old epoxy will do that, I know from experience.
It is savable if you have not used too much of it that way.
First this is why we say if not using part A for a while every 60 to 90 day flip the can over, this stops the pigments from clumping at the bottom.
The fix! scrap with paint stick the bottom and mix with stick and than and only then put on shaker for 10 mins.
However what i see in the cup is not pigment, pigment will go though a strainer as average size is 6 micron, its trash from like said, a paint stick or dirty container introduced after strainer.
There is nothing in it that can cause a reaction.
Also i don't care if clear, an SS or epoxy bubbles in cup mean nothing.
We made a 300 gallon batch of something yesterday and the 16" blade speed was about 8000 rpm, I dipped out 1/2 a quart while blade was running and it was full of bubbles to spray and no way a bubble is going through a gun.
I do this same thing 2 to 3 times a day.
Thanks Barry, always makes me feel better to hear from the expert! This sounds like it should be a simple fix. If it's not a chemical reaction then extra care mixing and straining should solve my issue. Got a lot of time into this current project and have been fighting coverage issues with the House of Kolor paint chosen. That's why the sealer is so important this time around. Just have to finish the tailgate on this Toyota.
Filtered 4 times (190) shook and stirred and still getting texture in the finish. I guess old epoxy doesn't make great sealer.
yes but epoxy is slow and cant be sanded for quite awhile. this would put a complete halt to your spraying process. what should be done is epoxy sealer then a couple coats of base, denib the base and spray the last coat or two then your ready for clear.


Rope magic includes many easy rope tricks that work well for both large and small audiences. Your magic rope might stand up for you, obey your commands, change colors, get cut up and restored again, or turn into something else altogether. Magic rope tricks are easy and inexpensive, and these easy rope tricks can be a centerpiece of your clown magic act.


text:
package org.zstack.network.service.lb;

import org.zstack.header.message.APIReply;
import org.zstack.header.rest.RestResponse;
import org.zstack.header.vm.VmNicInventory;

import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by xing5 on 2016/11/29.
 */
@RestResponse(allTo = "inventories")
public class APIGetCandidateVmNicsForLoadBalancerReply extends APIReply {
    private List<VmNicInventory> inventories;

    public List<VmNicInventory> getInventories() {
        return inventories;
    }

    public void setInventories(List<VmNicInventory> inventories) {
        this.inventories = inventories;
    }

    public static APIGetCandidateVmNicsForLoadBalancerReply __example__() {
        APIGetCandidateVmNicsForLoadBalancerReply reply = new APIGetCandidateVmNicsForLoadBalancerReply();
        VmNicInventory nic = new VmNicInventory();

        nic.setVmInstanceUuid(uuid());
        nic.setCreateDate(new Timestamp(org.zstack.header.message.DocUtils.date));
        nic.setLastOpDate(new Timestamp(org.zstack.header.message.DocUtils.date));
        nic.setDeviceId(0);
        nic.setGateway("192.168.1.1");
        nic.setIp("192.168.1.10");
        nic.setL3NetworkUuid(uuid());
        nic.setNetmask("255.255.255.0");
        nic.setMac("00:0c:29:bd:99:fc");
        nic.setUsedIpUuid(uuid());
        nic.setUuid(uuid());

        reply.setInventories(Arrays.asList(nic));
        return reply;
    }

}


The FREE MORTGAGE CALCULATOR does not work on Apple devices.
Our Free Mortgage Calculator is an official Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation tool. It's for calculating your ratios to determine if you can afford your obligations.
What does this Calculator tell me?
This tool allows you, the home buyer to evaluate your financial situation and understand how much you can comfortably afford to spend on a mortgage.
The calculator will help you compare the level of your monthly housing expenses and total debt to your gross household income. This is the comparison performed when you are being pre-qualified for a mortgage.
It calculates your Gross Debt Service (GDS) and Total Debt Service (TDS) to determine whether or not you qualify as is -- or if some restructuring is needed first.
Total Debt Service is the percentage of your annual household income that covers housing costs PLUS other debts, such as car loans, line of credit, and credit card payments. For basic credit -- up to 680 FICO score -- this should not be more than 40%. However, broker channel lenders will look at Total Debt Service as high as 44%, provided you have exceptional credit, income and job stability.
See mortgage help for more details what is involved throughout the mortgage broker Canada approval process.
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