The software RP Fiber Power has an efficient mode solver for fibers. The images in the article are made with it.
This articles discusses propagation modes of light in free space, in a transparent homogeneous medium, in a waveguide structure, or in an optical resonator. Alternatively, the term "mode" can also mean a mode operation], e.g. continuous-wave mode locking, Q switching, or single-frequency operation; for such information, see the article on modes of laser operation.
When some light beam propagates in free space or in a transparent medium, its transverse intensity profile generally changes during propagation (see Figure 1). There are, however, certain electric field distributions which are self-consistent during propagation; these are called modes. What "self-consistent" means in the mentioned definition, depends on the situation. Different situations are discussed in the following sections.
Figure 1: Simulated evolution of the intensity profile of a laser beam. The shape of the profile changes during propagation. This would not be the case for a mode.
The mathematically simplest kinds of modes in free space (or in an optically homogeneous medium) are plane waves. A plane wave satisfies the wave equation, provided only that the wavelength times the optical frequency matches the phase velocity of light in the medium. During propagation in a direction, a plane wave only changes its oscillation phase, and possibly its amplitude if there is optical loss or gain in a medium.
Although plane waves are mathematically very simple, they cannot resemble any wave occurring in reality, since they have an infinite transverse extent. Therefore, other kinds of modes, which are limited in the transverse spatial dimension, are often of higher interest. The simplest kind of such modes are Gaussian modes. A Gaussian beam expands or contracts during propagation, but is self-consistent in the sense that the amplitude profile is only scaled in the transverse dimension, but has a constant (in that case Gaussian) shape.
Each Gaussian mode is only the simplest member of a whole family of modes, which contains an infinite number of modes. The most frequently used mode families (mode systems) are those of Hermite–Gaussian modes and Laguerre–Gaussian modes. Within such a mode family, the Gaussian mode is the fundamental mode, while all other modes are called higher-order modes and have more complicated intensity profiles (see Figure 2). During propagation, the transverse extent of each higher-order mode changes in proportion to that of the fundamental mode.
Figure 2: Intensity profiles of the lowest-order Hermite–Gaussian modes, starting with TEM00 (lower left-hand side) and going up to TEM33 (upper right-hand side). The two mode indices indicate the number of zero crossings of the intensity distributions in horizontal and vertical direction, respectively.
Note that for each combination of an optical frequency, a beam axis, a focus position, and some beam radius of the Gaussian mode in the focus, a whole family e.g. of Hermite–Gaussian modes arises.
Waveguide structures are spatially inhomogeneous structures which can guide waves. For light propagating in a waveguide, the self-consistency condition for a mode is more strict than for free-space modes: the shape of the complex amplitude profile in the transverse dimensions must remain exactly constant. Any re-scaling is not allowed, only an overall phase change and a loss or gain of total optical power, which are both described by the propagation constant.
A waveguide has only a finite number of guided propagation modes, the intensity distributions of which have a finite extent around the waveguide core. The number of guided modes, their transverse amplitude profiles and their propagation constants depend on the details of the waveguide structure and on the optical frequency. A single-mode waveguide (e.g. a single-mode fiber) has only a single guided mode per polarization direction. As an example of a multimode waveguide, Figure 3 shows the transverse profiles of all the LP modes of a multimode fiber.
Figure 3: Electric field amplitude profiles for all the guided modes of a fiber (disregarding the distinction between versions with cos lφ and sin lφ) with a top-hat refractive index profile (→ step index fiber) and V number of 11.4. The two colors indicate different signs of electric field values. The diagram has been generated with the RP Fiber Power software.
A waveguide also has cladding modes, the intensity distributions of which essentially fill the whole cladding (and core) region. Optical fibers (even single-mode fibers) have a large number of cladding modes, which often exhibit substantial propagation losses at the outer interface of the cladding.
Optical fibers (except for photonic crystal fibers) usually have a radially symmetric refractive index profile and also a relatively small refractive index contrast between core and cladding. In that case, one can quite accurately describes the mode as LP modes, which are mathematically simpler to describe and are therefore usually used in practice.
For radially symmetric refractive index profiles, there is also the interesting phenomenon of orbital angular momentum modes [5, 6]. Those carry an angular momentum which is not related to the photon spin, also not to a rotating polarization direction. The wavefronts exhibit a helical structure. This is possible only for modes having zero intensity at the beam center – for example, LP modes with non-zero l.
Modes of fiber and other waveguides can be numerically calculated numerically with so-called mode solvers, which can be part of a fiber simulation software. Depending on whether the waveguides have radially symmetric profiles and are weakly guiding, mode solver algorithms with a different level of complexity and quite different computation times are required. A mode solver for optical fibers, when restricted to pure LP modes, can be numerically much simpler and faster than a general 2D mode solver.
For light in optical resonators (made of bulk-optical elements, not with waveguides), the self-consistency condition for a mode is again different: a mode must reproduce its exact transverse amplitude profile (without any re-scaling) only after a full resonator round trip; during the round trip, the mode profile may change in size and even in shape. On the other hand, the optical phase must also be reproduced after one round trip, i.e., the total experienced phase change must be an integer multiple of 2π. The overall optical power may decrease or increase if there are optical losses or gain in the resonator.
Due to the phase condition, resonator modes can exist only for certain optical frequencies (the resonance frequencies). In general, the round-trip phase shift depends on the intensity pattern of a mode. Therefore, different higher-order modes can have different sets of mode frequencies. In the simpler case of a geometrically stable resonator, there are fundamental (axial) modes with Gaussian shape and higher-order transverse modes e.g. of Hermite–Gaussian shape. Unstable resonators also have modes, but with much more complicated mode properties.
In many photonic devices, light propagates only in a single mode. For example, single-mode operation of a laser means that only a single mode of its laser resonator is excited (i.e., carries a significant optical power). If the lasing mode is a Gaussian mode, the output is close to diffraction-limited, i.e. it has an ideal beam quality. As another example, a single-mode fiber guarantees a fixed intensity profile at its output, assuming that all light launched into cladding modes (unguided modes) is lost before the fiber end is reached. The mode of a single-mode fiber normally has a shape which is similar to that of a Gaussian.
In other cases, it is often convenient to decompose all the propagating light into different modes. That decomposition means that for each mode some mode amplitude (a complex number) is calculated for the given light field, usually using some overlap integral. The basic advantage of such a procedure is that it is known how all the modes propagate: for each mode, there is only a phase change which can be calculated from the propagation constant, and possibly some change in optical power. The total intensity and phase profile can then be calculated for any position simply by adding up the contributions of different modes. This procedure can greatly simplify numerical simulations: a large number of amplitudes, resembling e.g. a two-dimensional optical field distribution with many samples on a fine grid, can be replaced with a relatively small number of mode amplitudes (excitation coefficients), and thus often strongly reduce the demands both in terms of required computer memory and computation time.
The mode concept is useful even if the propagation conditions somewhat deviate from those for which the modes have been calculated. In such cases, mode coupling can occur: light from some mode can be coupled to one or several other modes. This is usually described with coupled differential equations for the mode amplitudes. Such mode coupling can be caused, e.g., by nonlinear interactions at high optical intensities or by external disturbances which act on a waveguide.


Official Website of Author Jamie McGuire.
After I heard about this on Michelle Proulx's blog, I had to read it again. And again. This couldn't be right.
It seems that Jamie McGuire's book, Beautiful Disaster , sold so many copies that Atria Books decided it was worth their while to pick it up. Every self-published author's dream, right?
Well… there's more to the story, and if having your work recognized by a traditional publisher is your goal, I think you should check it out.
Sorry Jamie. I couldn't resist.
I saw this story, too. It's enough to strike fear in every writer, especially since self-publishing has seemed like such a blessing on the increasingly scarce traditional publishing landscape.
I can't figure out why Amazon would do it.
It is good marketing for Amazon when a traditional publisher takes picks up an author because other writers will be encouraged to put their work on Amazon too.
I know. To break their own policy and encourage returns… I don't get it.
I loved the title of this post, made me grin.
It seems there may be a logical explanation, that there are issues involving a Stones song in the self-published version.
I should be more careful about referencing the Great Zon. They've, no doubt, started monitoring my keyboard. Oh well, I'll put on my foil hat.
I keep waiting to hear more about this story. I can't help but think that it's a mix up of some kind.
I mean, no on that I know has ever heard of this happening and it's clearly freaked out a bunch of self-published authors, and for good reason.
For now, I'm staying in the "very skeptical" camp, and eagerly awaiting learning more about what really is going on.
Probably a wise move, Stan. It doesn't make sense for Amazon to do that.
I read somewhere this morning that there might be a copyright issue with song lyrics she included in the book that she didn't have permission from the artist to print. No idea if this is a rumour or true.
It looks like that may be the case.
The only other information I've read is that it might have something to do with the self-published version including *all* of the lyrics to a Rolling Stones song. The new publisher took them out with the exception of one line. The Stones aren't ones to ignore copyright infringement, and there is speculation Amazon is trying to get out from under a lawsuit. Until the whole story is told, I don't know where the truth is, so I'm adopting a wait and see attitude.
I'd heard about this, too and was appropriately shocked. I liked reading the comments here–makes me feel like there is more going on than meets the eye, which would make sense. Will be interesting to see how it all turns out. How frustrating for the poor author. I really feel for her.
It sure shocked me. I'll be happy if it does turn out that Amazon was thinking about those song lyrics, just trying to avoid litigation. That's a pretty normal business reaction.
While the particular action Amazon took was sparked by copyright infringement, it does not change the fact that they pulled a huge reversal on Jamie McGuire. How scary is it to suddenly be on the hook for refunds in excess of the revenue originally made? How can she possibly fight back against them?
Be aware of the power Amazon has if you get into bed with them. Weigh your risks and rewards before you decide.
A good point, Tracy. If she sold books for… say ten dollars… she didn't make that entire ten dollars. Amazon took part of it. When customers return a book, does she have to pay the entire ten dollars out of her own pocket?


text:
Harlem Man Diddy Honors Biggie And Brings His Son Onstage At The Billboard Music Awards 2017
Sean 'Diddy' Combs led a standing ovation for his late 'friend, brother, and artist' Biggie Smalls on what would have been his 45th birthday at Sunday's Billboard Music Awards.
In 1993, the 47-year-old Bad Boy Records mogul signed the rap legend (born Christopher Wallace), who sold 25M records before being gunned down at the tender age of 24 in 1997.
'It all started with the Notorious B.I.G.,' said the three-time Grammy winner in a chic hat selected by stylist Derek S. Roche.
'His Ready to Die album, his Life After Death album – classics. He changed the game of hip-hop forever. Biggie was the best rapper I ever had a chance to work with. Watching him and seeing him work is something that words can't explain.'
The Harlem-born hip-hop star concluded: 'Happy birthday, Biggie. B.I.G. forever!'
Diddy also gave a shout-out to Biggie's mother Voletta Wallace and then brought his son, CJ Wallace, onstage the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas.
'I know my father is looking down on all of us tonight and all of this love and support,' the 20-year-old actor-rapper – whose mother is R&B belter Faith Evans – said.
'My sister [T'yanna] and I will continue to carry on his name with tremendous pride and live my life by his words.'
The 'extra emotional' Finna Get Loose rapper also flooded his 24.7M social media followers with never-before-seen posts honoring the Notorious B.I.G.
One grainy video showed a 17-year-old Biggie demonstrating his immense gift for freestyling on a street corner in his Brooklyn hometown of Bed Stuy.
Sunday marked the release of Invisible Bully's 15-style Notorious B.I.G. Birthday collection of clothing available online and at 12AM:RUN in Las Vegas.
Diddy also unveiled the trailer for Daniel Kaufman's documentary Can't Stop, Won't Stop: The Bad Boy Story, which begins streaming June 25, 2017, on Apple Music.
The Howard University drop-out – who boasts an $820M fortune – plans on focusing on acting and retiring from music after the release and tour of his sixth studio album No Way Out 2.
However, Diddy – who has six children with three women – was without his on/off girlfriend of six years, Cassie Ventura.
Via source
This entry was posted in Harlem, Music and tagged Bad Boy Records, Billboard Music Awards, Billboard Music Awards 2017, CJ Wallace, Diddy, Sean Diddy Combs by Harlem World Magazine. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#ifndef __LINUX_COMPILER_H
#define __LINUX_COMPILER_H

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

#ifdef __CHECKER__
# define __user		__attribute__((noderef, address_space(1)))
# define __kernel	/* default address space */
# define __safe		__attribute__((safe))
# define __force	__attribute__((force))
# define __nocast	__attribute__((nocast))
# define __iomem	__attribute__((noderef, address_space(2)))
# define __acquires(x)	__attribute__((context(x,0,1)))
# define __releases(x)	__attribute__((context(x,1,0)))
# define __acquire(x)	__context__(x,1)
# define __release(x)	__context__(x,-1)
# define __cond_lock(x,c)	((c) ? ({ __acquire(x); 1; }) : 0)
extern void __chk_user_ptr(const volatile void __user *);
extern void __chk_io_ptr(const volatile void __iomem *);
#else
# define __user
# define __kernel
# define __safe
# define __force
# define __nocast
# define __iomem
# define __chk_user_ptr(x) (void)0
# define __chk_io_ptr(x) (void)0
# define __builtin_warning(x, y...) (1)
# define __acquires(x)
# define __releases(x)
# define __acquire(x) (void)0
# define __release(x) (void)0
# define __cond_lock(x,c) (c)
#endif

#ifdef __KERNEL__

#ifdef __GNUC__
#include <linux/compiler-gcc.h>
#endif

#define notrace __attribute__((no_instrument_function))

/* Intel compiler defines __GNUC__. So we will overwrite implementations
 * coming from above header files here
 */
#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
# include <linux/compiler-intel.h>
#endif

/*
 * Generic compiler-dependent macros required for kernel
 * build go below this comment. Actual compiler/compiler version
 * specific implementations come from the above header files
 */

struct ftrace_branch_data {
	const char *func;
	const char *file;
	unsigned line;
	union {
		struct {
			unsigned long correct;
			unsigned long incorrect;
		};
		struct {
			unsigned long miss;
			unsigned long hit;
		};
		unsigned long miss_hit[2];
	};
};

/*
 * Note: DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING can be used by special lowlevel code
 * to disable branch tracing on a per file basis.
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING) \
    && !defined(DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING) && !defined(__CHECKER__)
void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_branch_data *f, int val, int expect);

#define likely_notrace(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#define unlikely_notrace(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)

#define __branch_check__(x, expect) ({					\
			int ______r;					\
			static struct ftrace_branch_data		\
				__attribute__((__aligned__(4)))		\
				__attribute__((section("_ftrace_annotated_branch"))) \
				______f = {				\
				.func = __func__,			\
				.file = __FILE__,			\
				.line = __LINE__,			\
			};						\
			______r = likely_notrace(x);			\
			ftrace_likely_update(&______f, ______r, expect); \
			______r;					\
		})

/*
 * Using __builtin_constant_p(x) to ignore cases where the return
 * value is always the same.  This idea is taken from a similar patch
 * written by Daniel Walker.
 */
# ifndef likely
#  define likely(x)	(__builtin_constant_p(x) ? !!(x) : __branch_check__(x, 1))
# endif
# ifndef unlikely
#  define unlikely(x)	(__builtin_constant_p(x) ? !!(x) : __branch_check__(x, 0))
# endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES
/*
 * "Define 'is'", Bill Clinton
 * "Define 'if'", Steven Rostedt
 */
#define if(cond, ...) __trace_if( (cond , ## __VA_ARGS__) )
#define __trace_if(cond) \
	if (__builtin_constant_p((cond)) ? !!(cond) :			\
	({								\
		int ______r;						\
		static struct ftrace_branch_data			\
			__attribute__((__aligned__(4)))			\
			__attribute__((section("_ftrace_branch")))	\
			______f = {					\
				.func = __func__,			\
				.file = __FILE__,			\
				.line = __LINE__,			\
			};						\
		______r = !!(cond);					\
		______f.miss_hit[______r]++;					\
		______r;						\
	}))
#endif /* CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES */

#else
# define likely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
# define unlikely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
#endif

/* Optimization barrier */
#ifndef barrier
# define barrier() __memory_barrier()
#endif

#ifndef RELOC_HIDE
# define RELOC_HIDE(ptr, off)					\
  ({ unsigned long __ptr;					\
     __ptr = (unsigned long) (ptr);				\
    (typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (off)); })
#endif

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

#ifdef __KERNEL__
/*
 * Allow us to mark functions as 'deprecated' and have gcc emit a nice
 * warning for each use, in hopes of speeding the functions removal.
 * Usage is:
 * 		int __deprecated foo(void)
 */
#ifndef __deprecated
# define __deprecated		/* unimplemented */
#endif

#ifdef MODULE
#define __deprecated_for_modules __deprecated
#else
#define __deprecated_for_modules
#endif

#ifndef __must_check
#define __must_check
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_ENABLE_MUST_CHECK
#undef __must_check
#define __must_check
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_ENABLE_WARN_DEPRECATED
#undef __deprecated
#undef __deprecated_for_modules
#define __deprecated
#define __deprecated_for_modules
#endif

/*
 * Allow us to avoid 'defined but not used' warnings on functions and data,
 * as well as force them to be emitted to the assembly file.
 *
 * As of gcc 3.4, static functions that are not marked with attribute((used))
 * may be elided from the assembly file.  As of gcc 3.4, static data not so
 * marked will not be elided, but this may change in a future gcc version.
 *
 * NOTE: Because distributions shipped with a backported unit-at-a-time
 * compiler in gcc 3.3, we must define __used to be __attribute__((used))
 * for gcc >=3.3 instead of 3.4.
 *
 * In prior versions of gcc, such functions and data would be emitted, but
 * would be warned about except with attribute((unused)).
 *
 * Mark functions that are referenced only in inline assembly as __used so
 * the code is emitted even though it appears to be unreferenced.
 */
#ifndef __used
# define __used			/* unimplemented */
#endif

#ifndef __maybe_unused
# define __maybe_unused		/* unimplemented */
#endif

#ifndef noinline
#define noinline
#endif

/*
 * Rather then using noinline to prevent stack consumption, use
 * noinline_for_stack instead.  For documentaiton reasons.
 */
#define noinline_for_stack noinline

#ifndef __always_inline
#define __always_inline inline
#endif

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */

/*
 * From the GCC manual:
 *
 * Many functions do not examine any values except their arguments,
 * and have no effects except the return value.  Basically this is
 * just slightly more strict class than the `pure' attribute above,
 * since function is not allowed to read global memory.
 *
 * Note that a function that has pointer arguments and examines the
 * data pointed to must _not_ be declared `const'.  Likewise, a
 * function that calls a non-`const' function usually must not be
 * `const'.  It does not make sense for a `const' function to return
 * `void'.
 */
#ifndef __attribute_const__
# define __attribute_const__	/* unimplemented */
#endif

/*
 * Tell gcc if a function is cold. The compiler will assume any path
 * directly leading to the call is unlikely.
 */

#ifndef __cold
#define __cold
#endif

/* Simple shorthand for a section definition */
#ifndef __section
# define __section(S) __attribute__ ((__section__(#S)))
#endif

/* Are two types/vars the same type (ignoring qualifiers)? */
#ifndef __same_type
# define __same_type(a, b) __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(a), typeof(b))
#endif

/*
 * Prevent the compiler from merging or refetching accesses.  The compiler
 * is also forbidden from reordering successive instances of ACCESS_ONCE(),
 * but only when the compiler is aware of some particular ordering.  One way
 * to make the compiler aware of ordering is to put the two invocations of
 * ACCESS_ONCE() in different C statements.
 *
 * This macro does absolutely -nothing- to prevent the CPU from reordering,
 * merging, or refetching absolutely anything at any time.  Its main intended
 * use is to mediate communication between process-level code and irq/NMI
 * handlers, all running on the same CPU.
 */
#define ACCESS_ONCE(x) (*(volatile typeof(x) *)&(x))

#endif /* __LINUX_COMPILER_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Why might childrens speech development be worse in the north of England?
Monday 9th April 2018
A lack of provision for speech and language therapists in the north of England has been cited in a new report as one of the factors contributing to the region's children falling behind their southern peers developmentally and academically.
Entitled 'Growing Up North, Look North: A Generation of Children Await the Powerhouse Promise', the report from the Children's Commissioner shows that the support given to young people in the north is often much less than that available in the south.
This is partly due to levels of childhood poverty typically being much higher in the north, but also due to local councils being forced to make cuts, and services that contribute significantly to children's wellbeing are often first to be affected, from free school meals to specialist speech therapy support.
The report found that too many children in the north are starting school behind where they should be developmentally, lacking the confidence to progress in their abilities, which may be why so many more young people in the north drop out of education before the age of 18 compared to their counterparts in the south.
What's more, it was found that over half of secondary schools in the most deprived communities in the north are rated as less than good by Ofsted, potentially further impacting children's chances.
Responding to the report's findings, Newcastle headteacher Dame Nicola Nelson, explained: "A trend has been emerging in Newcastle and indeed further afield of children starting school with delayed speech development.
"It is becoming too familiar to hear children simply scream or point at objects to get an adult's attention. Creating a language-rich environment was unfortunately not enough to enable the children to form sounds and make themselves understood."
As a result, it is clear that extra provision for speech and language therapists, as well as other experts who can help children in their early years' development is desperately needed in more disadvantaged communities.
Many local authorities in the north of England are being forced to make cuts in these areas, but this is putting children's future education at risk - something that could adversely affect both their academic performance and social development for years to come.


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Every copy of upcoming World of Warcraft expansion Warlords of Draenor includes one free level 90 character boost.
World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor, often referred to as Warlords or WoD, is the fifth expansion to themassively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) World of Warcraft, following Mists of Pandaria.Recommended to anyone playing GW2 The gems are cheaper than buying directly from anet 2k for <20USD, vs 1.6k for 20USD in game.
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Discussion on Warlords of Draenor BETA KEYS (FREE REGION) within the World of Warcraft Trading forum part of the MMORPG Trading category.I played like two months during Burning Crusade and then another 3 during Cataclysm.
Buy gift cards, game cards and pc game cd keys from OffGamers, your trusted online digital games store.Unused Legion keys can no longer be claimed and no longer grant a character level boost.
Warlords of Draenor is getting its first major price cut today on Amazon.
The guild structure remains intact, including the guild leader, guild bank, ranks, and guild name (depending on availability).We took a break for a day, and then organized everything there is to know about Warlords of Draenor into a massive guide that breaks down all the major topics, from Garrisons to new character models.There, you have to enter the key code that was provided after you made the purchase.
When a player chooses to recruit someone, the recruit is emailed an activation link for a starter edition account.


text:
Toyota Aqua Japanese Used Cars
Toyota is one of the most popular Japanese Automobiles manufacturer which has produced some really awesome vehicles since its beginning. As far as Toyota Aqua is concerned, it is a subcompact hybrid car completely manufactured by Toyota. The first Toyota Aqua was seen in 2012 as a replacement to Toyota Prius. Toyota Prius is the most popular Japanese car to which Toyota Aqua was given as alternative. This is also known as Prius C in many countries other than Japan. Toyota Aqua is considered to be a second addition to the family of Toyota Prius after Toyota Prius Alpha. As per its particulars are concerned, it was firstly manufactured in 2012 and is still manufactured. As per the car number of Toyota Aqua is concerned, it falls on 98th. It possesses a special feature which is Super Suspension.
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text:
← Aviation Law Conference: Legal Aspects of Aircraft Mishaps and Disasters
Pan Am Series – Part XLVI: The Last Clipper →
12 October 2014 1 Comment
The Boeing 720B
With the launch of the Jet Age with its 707-100 series, Boeing soon found itself at a competitive disadvantage with Douglas, who already had an established world-wide network of agents, representatives and salesmen to market its DC-8 jet. To counter this, according to Ron Davies in Pan Am – An Airline and Its Aircraft, Boeing produced what it called "a family of airliners, focusing on the commonality of parts between the various models". Davies also noted that "although this did not look like a family until the Boeing 727 was launched in 1963, the idea was nevertheless effective, even though the 707s seemed to look the same". According to Davies, Boeing "made much of its willingness to meet a customer's precise requirements, whereas Douglas was inclined to be more rigid, offering a choice of DC-8 series but reluctant to deviate from the basic specifications of each series."
Out of this came the Boeing 720.
As described in its website, while the 707-100 series was being introduced and the long-range 707-300 series was being planned, Boeing also decided to develop a 707 derivative with increased performance for short-to-medium range routes, allowing the plane to operate from shorter runways. Initially the plane was identified as the 707-020, was later changed to 717-020 and, with input from launch customer United Airlines, was eventually designated the 720.
Outwardly the model 720 resembled the 707, but it was a very different airplane. It had a much lighter structure and was 9 feet (2.74 meters) shorter than the 707-100. It also had an increased wing sweep on the leading edge between the fuselage and inboard engines as well as full-span Krueger leading edge flaps. The 720 carried less fuel than the 707-100. Combined with its lighter structure, this gave the plane a lower gross weight, increased takeoff performance and a higher top speed.
The 720 went into service on 5 July 1960 with United Airlines. Boeing built 65 model 720s. The only variant of the 720 was the 720B which first flew on 6 October 1960. The main difference on the 720B was the installation of Pratt and Whitney JT3D Turbofan engines that increased the takeoff and climb performance as well as cruise speed of the plane. These engines also increased the range to 4000 miles, which, for a short time, was the longest range for any commercial airliner. Boeing built a total of 89 720Bs.
Pan American operated nine 720Bs, delivered between 1963 and 1965. They were mainly used in the Caribbean and Latin America and were eventually disposed of by 1974.
Boeing 720B, Clipper Flying Arrow (Jon Proctor)
The 720 proved to be an economical plane to operate and was a favorite of pilots, passengers and operators alike. However, the rapid pace of technology soon caught up with it as the more capable 727 replaced the 720 as the leader in the medium-range, high-performance market.
The Boeing 707-321
"One of the Great Airliners of All Time"
In his seminal book, Pan Am – An Airline and Its Aircraft, Ron Davies referred to the Boeing 707-320 Series as "one for the great airliners of all time". While this airliner may have later been overshadowed by her bigger and more powerful sisters, this statement remains true. Pan American began taking deliveries of the Boeing 707-321 (-321 indicated Pan American service) in 1959. However, the impact of the aircraft was really felt during the following decade.
The 1960s, in particular the years 1963-1968, represented the pinnacle of Pan American's success. Pan American dominated the international airline arena like no other airline during that decade, a period when the volume of air traffic quadrupled.
During that time, Pan American could do no wrong. By the middle of 1962, it was the first airline to complete 100,000 transatlantic flights, a figure, according to Davies, "not even approached by any other airline at that time". On 7 March 1963, Pan American moved into a new building that towered over Grand Central Station in New York City, with the "Pan Am" abbreviation in huge letters on the top, visible for miles up and down Park Avenue. As Robert Daley said, in An American Saga, "The once tiny airline had become the world's biggest and most famous".
In the airline's 1965 Annual Report, it was announced the retirement from regular service the last of its piston fleet, making Pan American an "all-jet airline". The 1967 Annual Report, which, by some accounts, detailed Pan American's most successful year in its history, highlighted the delivery of 32 jet aircraft in 1967 with an additional 31 "present generation jets" on order for delivery in 1968-69 and announced airline's $600,000,000 order for 25 Boeing 747 "Superjets", and in doing so, "led the industry to a new generation of heavy duty transports". It was also announced that "Pan Am will be the first American-flag airline to operate [Anglo-French Concorde] supersonic jets", while also reserving "substantially more delivery positions for American SSTs than any other airline". The report also noted that "Pan Am made the first fully automatic approach and landing in scheduled service" and in the year since, has "completed over 100 of these approaches and landings".
The Boeing 707-321 was in the center of it all. It flew everywhere on Pan American's routes, and all together 120 of this variant were operated, in addition to the eight 707-121's and nine 720B's.
The 707-300 series had a longer fuselage, bigger wings and higher-powered engines. With these improvements, which allowed increased fuel capacity from 15,000 gallons to more than 23,000 gallons, the 707 had a truly intercontinental range of over 4,000 miles in a 141-seat (mixed class) seating configuration. The aircraft was later fitted with Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan engines that provided for lower fuel consumption, reduced noise and further increased its range to about 6,000 miles.
The 707 quickly became the most popular jetliner of its time, and its popularity led to rapid developments in airport terminals, runways, airline catering, baggage handling, reservations systems, and other air transport infrastructure. The advent of the 707 also led to the upgrading of air traffic control systems to prevent interference with military jet operations.
Boeing 707-321B, Clipper Emerald Isle (Michel Gilliand)
Boeing 707-321B, Clipper Gem of the Skies, at New York Kennedy Airport (Peter Black, courtesy of Jon Proctor)
Boeing 707-321, Clipper Lark, at Los Angeles International Airport (Jon Proctor)
Boeing 707-321B, Clipper Northern Eagle (Michel Gilliand)
Boeing 707-321 at Fairbanks (Jon Proctor)
Below is the cover, inside cover, round-the-world schedules and route map from the September 1967 timetable. This is a small example of the extent of Pan American's operations in the 1960s.
As the 1960s drew to a close, the exponential growth in air travel led to the 707's being a victim of its own success. The 707 was now too small to handle the increased passenger densities on the routes for which it was designed. Stretching the fuselage was not a viable option because the installation of larger, more powerful engines would in turn need a larger undercarriage, which was not feasible given the design's limited ground clearance. The answer to the problem was the first twin-aisle airliner—the Boeing 747. The 707's first-generation engine technology was also rapidly becoming obsolete in the areas of noise and fuel economy, especially after the 1973 oil crisis.
The Boeing 707 brought Pan American to the highest levels of international commercial aviation. It made international travel accessible to more and more travelers and was seen in all corners of the globe. It was, to many of Pan American's pilots and flight attendants, their favorite airliner, and is cherished in their memories.
Pan American's Boeing 707's in their final resting place. (Andrew Thomas)
TWA and Pan American 707s at Los Angeles International Airport, circa 1968 (Jamie Baldwin)
For additional information about Pan American World Airways:
To learn more about the history of this pioneering airline, click on the title below for preview of
Pan American World Airways – Images of a Great Airline Second Edition.
This book is available on eBay .
Another excellent book is Pan Am – Personal Tributes to a Global Aviation Pioneer, which was published to commemorate the 90th Anniversary of Pan Am's founding. It contains more than 80 stories written by former Pan Am employees and international media friends who had personal experience with many of Pan Am's key events during its history. It is the perfect companion to Pan American World Airways – Images of a Great Airline Second Edition and can be purchased on Amazon.
Preview Pan American World Airways – Aviation History Through the Words of its People, which is available on Amazon.
For further information about the history of Pan American World Airways, visit: Pan Am Historical Foundation
Filed under Airline History, Airlines, Pan Am, Travel Tagged with Airline, Airline History, Aviation, Boeing, Boeing 707, Boeing 707-321, Boeing 720, Boeing 720B, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, DC-8, Juan Trippe, PAA, Pan Am, Pan Am Clippers, Pan American, Pan American World Airways, Ron Davies, Ron Machat, the Boeing company, transportation, United States
About James Patrick ("Jamie") Baldwin
James Patrick ("Jamie") Baldwin is an author, blogger, lecturer and consultant in air transportation, an Adjunct Professor at the University of Maryland University College (UMUC), a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Westminster (London) and a Visiting Lecturer at Emirates Aviation University (Dubai). He is also a Contributing Editor to Airways Magazine. Previously at ERAU's College of Business he taught Business Law, Business Law for Airline Managers, and Airline Management. He was also faculty advisor to Sigma Alpha Epsilon. As a lecturer he coordinates Aviation Law workshops for Aeropodium, a UK-based aviation-related events company and organizes Aviation Law Conferences at his law school, American University Washington College of Law (AUWCL). As a consultant he specializes in start-up airline strategies, airline marketing, regulatory compliance, licensing, aircraft sourcing, strategic planning, contracts, agency agreements and preparing business plans. An avid golfer, Mr Baldwin periodically writes a golf column for the Dorchester Banner. Previously Mr Baldwin served as Deputy General Manager for Legal and Regulatory Affairs of Star Airways, a small Turkish cargo airline of which he was a founder, and prior to that, the US Representative of Tajik Air, the international airline of the Republic of Tajikistan. In the latter capacity, he represented the airline's interests before the US government, multilateral development banks and private US and international business interests. He also coordinated and prepared on behalf of the government of Tajikistan a request for a grant from the US Trade and Development Agency for a feasibility study on its air transport sector. Mr Baldwin also served as an officer in the US Navy (1974-1978) and the active US Naval Reserve (1978-1994). His latest assignments included service as a Naval Liaison Officer on tanker convoys during the Iran/Iraq War, Officer in Charge of military officers boarding, inspecting and briefing masters of merchant ships delivering military cargo during the first Gulf War and Commanding Officer of a US Naval Reserve unit. He is now retired with the rank of Commander. Mr Baldwin is the author of Pan American World Airways – Images of a Great Airline (BluewaterPress, 2011). He also co-edited, with Jeff Kriendler, former Vice President, Corporate Communications at Pan Am, Pan American World Airways – Aviation History through the Words of its People (BluewaterPress, 2011). He, along with Mr Kriendler, recently published Pan Am - Personal Tributes to a Global Aviation Pioneer. Mr Baldwin obtained an A.B. (Bachelor's) Degree in International Relations from the University of Southern California (Los Angeles) and a J.D. (Juris Doctor) Degree from the AUWCL (Washington DC). He is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute, the U. S. Golf Association, Cambridge Multi Sport (CMS) and Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He has traveled widely and includes among his interests distance running, golf, hill walking, sailing, model railroading, spectator sports, classical music and writing. He is married and resides in Maryland.
One Response to Pan Am Series – Part XLV: The Boeing 707 – 2
James Patrick ("Jamie") Baldwin says:
4 August 2016 at 9:51 am
Reblogged this on JPB Transportation and commented:
Re-blog of Part 2 of a 2-part blog post about Pan American's 707. First published October 2014.


The exploit is called KRACK and details about this vulnerability have been published in true White Hat fashion, by the Imec-DistriNet research group of KU Leuven. Mathy Vanhoef has identified as many as ten vulnerabilities in the WPA and WPA2 protocols, which secure all modern protected Wi-Fi networks. These vulnerabilities were academically well-researched and responsibly reported in a manner allowing the industry to proactively prepare updates.
Broadly, the exploit deals with how the WPA/WPA2 protocol handles requests to reinstall the encryption keys used to encode/decode traffic between a wireless client and an AP. The vulnerabilities can be described in two groups. The first set of vulnerabilities may allow the reinstallation of a pairwise transient key, a group key, or an integrity key on either a wireless client or a wireless access point. A transient key is one that is derived as part of the encryption of individual client sessions. It is not the PSK or user credentials and is a temporary key that is different for every client and every session.
The second set of vulnerabilities may affect wireless supplicants supporting either the 802.11z (Extensions to Direct-Link Setup) standard or the 802.11v (Wireless Network Management) standard. This could also allow the reinstallation of a pairwise key, group key, or integrity group key.
If a compromised key is installed (via a reinstallation procedure) an attacker can theoretically decrypt the transmissions between a client and an AP. Note, however, that each wireless client creates different temporary encryption keys that it uses with an AP. This is not a global attack but rather attacks a specific, targeted device. These vulnerabilities also only deal with the encryption of data using transient keys that are derived as part of the WPA2 protocol for each session. They are not the same as passwords or any other kind of credentials such as certificates.
Don't panic. No, you do not need to shut down your Wi-Fi network. The Internet did not suffer the equivalent of an EMP attack.
Microsoft, Apple, Google, Intel, and other major vendors have been working on fixing these vulnerabilities for a few months now.
Some client types, such as Android 6 are more vulnerable than others.
iOS and Windows are not vulnerable to the first set of exploits because they don't accept retries of handshake message 3.
The sky isn't falling. One, the attack must happen on-premises. Two, while the attacker can decrypt client-to-AP traffic, the attacker cannot inject arbitrary traffic into a WPA2-AES session and cannot get any authentication tokens or keys.
To be successful, the attacker would need to be sophisticated, onsite, and armed with specialized hardware and software. To reiterate, there is currently no publicly available code that enables this attack.
All current certificates and Wi-Fi passwords are still secure. This attack does not reveal passwords.
A MitM (Man-in-the-Middle) attack is required prior to performing this because the 4thEAPOL message (part of the handshake) must be intercepted/prevented in order to allow retries of handshake message 3. This means that the attacker must spoof the MAC of the AP.
Mesh and PtP links may be vulnerable (Remember: To be successful, the attacker would need to be sophisticated, onsite, and armed with specialized hardware and software. To reiterate, there is currently no publicly available code that enables this attack).
Mitigate the risks caused by a MitM attack. By default, Ruckus has rogue detection enabled and automatically classifies spoofed MACs as a malicious threat, which can generate alarms for admins. Further, admins can enable APs to protect against Man-in-the-Middle attacks by deauth'ing clients connecting to a malicious rogue AP, which is required to carry out this attack.
Eliminate the 802.11r vulnerability. Ruckus disables 802.11r by default on all SSIDs. If it is enabled on your network, consider disabling it until a fix is in place.
Ruckus APs have additional protection against MitM attak for Mesh links – this makes the attacker to be even more sophisticated to hijack the Ruckus Mesh link. Mesh enabled networks that are not using mesh can have that disabled on a per-node basis.
Go to the Ruckus Security Bulletin to learn about Ruckus' counter-measures and updated patch release information.
The WPA/WPA2 protocol is not fundamentally flawed. This means that exposure is limited and fixable without throwing out WPA2 altogether. Software/firmware patches that address this are already being rolled out. It is important to remember that, while concretely feasible, these attacks require not only access to your network, but a degree of knowledge and sophistication well beyond, say the Equifax hack, for a lot less return. We always recommend that anyone interested in securing their WLAN network should perform regular audits of their security infrastructure and procedures to ensure everything is in compliance with best practices and vendor recommendations.
For some excellent perspective on the impact of the KRACK vulnerability, read this W-Fi vendor neutral blog by noted Wi-Fi analyst, Peter MacKenzie, and this post by Security Architect, Kevin Beaumont.


Take a look at the meal plans for the Mediterranean Diet and you might be surprised by the amount of fat that it recommends. While the diet restricts consumption of red meats, it heartily encourages dieters to use olive oil in their cooking and to make nuts and legumes a staple of their diets.
In fact, the typical Mediterranean diet recommends getting 25%-35% of your calories from fat.
Doesn't this seem strange when we've been told all our lives that fat is unhealthy and that we should avoid it at all costs? After all, the food pyramid itself states that we should base our diets on carbohydrate-heavy foods like grains, fruits, and vegetables, with foods high in fat taking up a smaller spot nearer to the top of the pyramid.
Yet the Mediterranean Diet, with its lax attitude toward fat, has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, and other diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. How is it that a diet relatively high in fat actually reduces the risk of heart disease?
All the negative attention that fat has drawn over the years would suggest that it isn't healthy in any form, but more recent research has shown that not all fats are bad.
The Mayo Clinic states that healthy fats, including the polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and omega-3 fatty acids that are recommended by the Mediterranean Diet, can actually help reduce one's risk of heart disease by lowering levels of LDL cholesterol – the bad type of cholesterol.
Another aspect of the Mediterranean Diet that contributes to its health benefits is its emphasis on specific kinds of fruits and vegetables. Grains such as bread are recommended as staples of the diet, yet it takes care to mention that dieters should refrain from eating processed bread and instead opt for whole grain bread.
Processed bread, such as common "white bread" found in grocery stores, actually strips much of the nutritional value from its grain and oftentimes even contains high fructose corn syrup. A study published by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that men who ate more whole grains put on less weight in their middle age years than those who ate processed grains.
The Mediterranean Diet also recommends large quantities of fruits and vegetables which, compared to the processed and refined carbohydrates commonly found in the Western (American) diet, do not cause dangerous insulin spikes.
While fruits are high in sugar, those sugars are naturally occurring and, for the most part, do not cause extreme fluctuations in insulin levels, which may contribute to the development of Type-2 diabetes.
The Mediterranean Diet does not follow the template of a typical fad diet, and for good reason: it's actually effective in reducing weight and contributing to the overall health of the dieter. A 12-year study of people following the Mediterranean Diet found that their health improved over a wide spectrum of categories, from body weight to blood pressure to insulin levels. The diet is effective because it relies on making small but permanent changes rather than radical, unsustainable ones, as with many fad diets.
For a program that helps you to lose weight safely and effectively without eliminating fat from your diet, click here: I want to lose weight.


Retail legend has it that in the early '90s, a savvy store manager discovered that placing beer displays near the diaper section was a surefire way to increase sales. Why? Because dads whose wives sent them on diaper runs liked to pick up a few cold ones before heading home.
The real story behind that tale turned out to be somewhat different, but it underlined an important point: The psychology behind customer purchases is a great predictor of future behavior. It's also essential in order to increase engagement and sales.
Retailers use units per transaction (UPT) — the average number of items purchased on a single visit to the store — as a key performance indicator. Companies use UPT to measure their sales volumes, evaluate the sales staff's performance, and determine whether a promotional event was successful.
Most companies rely on two proven methods for improving their UPT. The first is training sales associates to establish trust with customers and advise them on purchases. This increases opportunities for upselling or introducing new products.
The second is offering bundled sales — packaging complementary products together for one price, such as phones and phone cases. This works especially well for goods that are difficult to market as standalone items.
But could there be an even better way?
Behavioral and location tracking technologies offer an alternative. The method provides precise data on customer behavior that can be analyzed to increase UPT. Global system for mobile (GSM) tracking, in particular, helps businesses identify their most popular sections and use that information to enhance their overall operations.
1. Strategize future offers. Until recently, stores could only access customer behavior from point-of-sale information, which is collected after shoppers make their purchases. (This type of data drove the beer and diapers study.) Now, retailers can analyze traffic in real time and see what draws consumer interest. That data can inform product placement and make for more effective promotions.
2. Cross-sell in complementary departments. Tracking technology enables retailers to monitor traffic and conversion rates for departments and entire stores. They can then ensure neighboring zones complement one another, thereby maximizing cross-sale opportunities.
3. Keep customers in the store. If the layout changes often enough that customers can't whip through the aisles on autopilot, they end up spending more time in the store — which usually results in a higher final item count. Simulators and analytics show retailers optimal floor plans. They can even give you a clue as to which departments can be moved to improve the customer experience.
Companies can use big data to make products more accessible and ensure customers are consistently purchasing in higher numbers. UPT is a key indicator of retail health, and technology-driven strategies can help retailers go the distance and be more competitive.


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(1 of 2) Cha Yen Thai Cookersy serves fresh fare like the tangy pork larb with red onions and basil.
Photograph courtesy of Cha Yen Thai Cookery
Thai Tastes in Watertown
Cha Yen Thai Cookery
Photograph of the exhibit courtesy of Schlesinger Library/Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study
Conservative Curation
"Women in Science" on display
Photograph courtesy of Harvard Art Museums; ©President and Fellows of Harvard College
Palace Pottery
A collection of stunning Jun ceramics displayed—and analyzed
Right Now | Aesthetics, Industrialized
The Data on Drama
by Jonathan Shaw
In vibrant Times Square, Broadway plays and musicals compete to become the next megahit.
Photograph by Christian Baitg Schreiweis/iStock
Award-winning set designer Jo Mielziner touches up a figurine for a set design executed on a glass pane in this January 1945 photograph.
Photograph by Ann Rosener/Pix Inc./The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images
Derek Miller website
History catalogs failure far less frequently than success—and sometimes, says assistant professor of English Derek Miller, that is a mistake. Miller, who studies theatrical history, is engaged in an experimental project he calls Visualizing Broadway that uses data about Broadway shows—some of which rank among the world's most economically successful cultural juggernauts—to suggest new and better approaches to the study of theater. For example, "We tend to teach successes, for good reasons," he points out, "but most of the work that gets made is a failure"—both economically and, by extension, artistically, in the sense that it "doesn't get seen and reproduced."
Miller argues that the traditional focus on success may make sense in other literary genres, but in the performing arts, "You can't distinguish process from product." This makes failures far more meaningful. "Every show on Broadway has had the same number of weeks of rehearsal, more or less, the same investment of people's time and energy, more or less, no matter whether it runs for 15 years or…a day," he says. "And if the primary work of creativity happens in the rehearsal and for those first few performances, before the people who make the work settle into a pattern of delivering a product to an audience over a long period, then the failures matter just as much as the successes—and we have really crowded failures out of our histories."
At the heart of Visualizing Broadway is a database that includes virtually every musical and play that has appeared there since 1900. Included are authors and directors, writers and producers, actors and actresses, set designers, press agents, orchestrators, and music directors. Miller has compiled data on run length, number of roles, long-term shifts in opening dates, networks of people involved in production, and changes in average ticket prices, among many other kinds of industry information.
What stories do the data tell? In English 144a, "American Plays and Musicals, 1940-1960," which he taught in the spring terms of 2014 and 2015, Miller asked if his students had ever heard of Jo Mielziner. Most hadn't. But a visualization of mid-century Broadway professional networks shows the set and light designer as more connected to other people working on Broadway than virtually anyone else. "Everyone knew him," says Miller. Nominated for 12 Tony Awards and the winner of seven, "he designed, back to back" vastly different megahits: the play Death of a Salesman and the musical South Pacific. More than any actor or playwright, Miller asserts, people like Mielziner, "working on show after show, set the tone for what it meant to be a professional creator, and defined what good work should look like."
Academic study of theater history often treats plays and musicals separately, even though "Jo Mielziner's design for South Pacific isn't an isolated form that came out of nowhere." Given Mielziner's backstage role in those two major productions—which "share a lot in common in terms of the way they flow in and out of different worlds, moving particularly fluidly between big set pieces and forestage crossover scenes"—and the fact that they appeared on Broadway at the same time, writing about them together might make sense, but Miller says no one does. Broadening the range of such comparative studies is one aim of the Visualizing Broadway project.
Miller's data-centric approach to theater history has led to other kinds of insights, too. "We are not used to thinking about periods of growth or decline or relative stability," he says, yet the traditional focus of theater historians on specific decades, such as "Broadway in the '40s," might make less sense than a study keyed to periods of expansion or contraction in the industry that become visible through the data.
At shorter time-scales, Miller's work shows that the Tony Awards have led to a compression of the theater season. An increasing number of productions open in April, right before nominations for the award are announced. That means more and more rehearsals take place in February, he explains, intensifying an already fierce competition for theater space, actors, producers, set designers, musicians, and other scarce resources. His data also reveal that run lengths have increased dramatically over time, hand in hand with the well-documented rise of mega-musicals. Successful productions such as Cats and Phantom of the Opera absorb a lot of resources—but from an industry perspective, he points out, they also represent stability.
Miller sees Visualizing Broadway leading primarily to better questions, rather than to answers alone. That perspective might foster new chronological periods to analyze; a reconsideration of who really were the creative forces in the industry; research on how the allocation of scarce resources interacts with aesthetic judgments; and studies of the ways in which shows that end in commercial failure nevertheless represent a large part of the Broadway experience gained by collaborating artists, actors, designers, producers, and orchestrators who put them on. By showing how the creative process takes place within the context of an industry, Miller hopes his data motivate a rethinking of some of the fundamental assumptions of traditional theater history.
Two poems from "After Callimachus: Poems" by Stephanie Burt
(Click on arrow at right to view full image) No true likeness of Callimachus is known to exist, but the Libyan-born poet probably resembled the men whose faces appear on the Hellenistic coffins unearthed in Fayum, Egypt, including this one.
Photograph by Agis/Alamy Stock Photo
Callimachus
(Click on arrow at right to see additional images)
(1 of 7) The St. Louis, Missouri, skyline on the Mississippi River, as seen from East St. Louis, Illinois
Photograph by Visions of America/Education Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images
Walter Johnson writes about "The Broken Heart of America"


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Nicotine replacement therapy | Article about Nicotine replacement therapy by The Free Dictionary
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Nicotine+replacement+therapy
(redirected from Nicotine replacement therapy)
Related to Nicotine replacement therapy: bupropion, Electronic Cigarette, Nicotine patch, Varenicline, nicotine inhaler
nicotine,
C10H14N2, poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid alkaloidalkaloid,
any of a class of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen that are often derived from plants. Although the name means alkalilike, some alkaloids do not exhibit alkaline properties.
..... Click the link for more information. with a pungent odor and an acrid taste. It turns brown on exposure to air. Nicotine, a naturally occurring constituent of tobacco, is the active ingredient in tobacco smoke. The amount of nicotine in tobacco leaves ranges from approximately 2% to 7%. In concentrated form, it is used as an insecticide.
Nicotine, which mimics the affects of acetylcholineacetylcholine
, a small organic molecule liberated at nerve endings as a neurotransmitter. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue. The transmission of an impulse to the end of the nerve causes it to release neurotransmitter molecules onto the surface of
..... Click the link for more information. , acts primarily on the autonomic nervous systemnervous system,
network of specialized tissue that controls actions and reactions of the body and its adjustment to the environment. Virtually all members of the animal kingdom have at least a rudimentary nervous system.
..... Click the link for more information. . In a dose of less than 50 mg, it can cause respiratory failure and general paralysis. Smaller toxic doses can cause heart palpitations, lowered blood pressure, nausea, and dizziness. A person who smokes inhales approximately 3 mg from one cigarette. This amount increases the heart rate, constricts the blood vessels, and acts on the central nervous system, imparting a feeling of alertness and well-being. Although not considered carcinogenic, nicotine probably contributes to the increased incidence of heart disease seen in smokers and may enhance the growth of tumors caused by carcinogens.
People who use tobacco products develop a physiological addiction to nicotine. Research has shown that nicotine increases the flow of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, creating pleasurable feelings and a craving to keep in the bloodstream levels of nicotine that will maintain these feelings. Lack of nicotine causes withdrawal symptoms (heart rate and blood pressure changes, sleeping problems, brain wave disturbances, and anxiety) in smokers.
Nicotine-containing chewing gums and skin patches that administer nicotine to people who are trying to cease smoking have been developed. Although the rate of absorption is slower with these methods than with smoking—smoking delivers nicotine to the brain within six seconds—and although nicotine obtained in this way does not provide the same pleasurable results as smoking, the gums and patches do help relieve some of the symptoms of withdrawal. Combining the use of patches or gum with continued smoking can result in nicotine overdose and toxicity, causing nausea, palpitations, and headache. Nicotine nasal sprays and inhalers more closely mimic the delivery and intensity of nicotine obtained by smoking. Some researchers have suggested, however, that prolonged use of nicotine replacement, especially inhalers, beyond the few months recommended to break the cigarette habit could damage cells lining the blood vessels and lungs. It is not clear if the use of nicotine replacement therapy is effective in enabling smokers to quit permanently.
See also smokingsmoking,
inhalation and exhalation of the fumes of burning tobacco in cigars and cigarettes and pipes. Some persons draw the smoke into their lungs; others do not. Smoking was probably first practiced by the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere.
..... Click the link for more information. .
(named after the French diplomat J. Nicot, who in 1560 was the first to introduce tobacco into France), 1-methyl-2 (3-pyridyl)-pyrrolidine, a volatile, colorless liquid alkaloid with a characteristic odor; boiling point, 247°C. Nicotine, a strong base, is readily soluble in water and organic solvents. It turns cinnammon-brown on exposure to air. It has the following structural formula:
Nicotine is present as salts of acetic, citric, and malic acids, constituting about 2 percent of the weight of Nicotiana tabacum leaves and about 8 percent of the weight of N. rustica leaves; it is also found in other plants.
Nicotine is sublimated during the smoking of tobacco. It penetrates with the smoke into the respiratory tract and, after being absorbed, acts on the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system and on the cholinergic structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The action of nicotine is two-phase: excitatory in low doses and inhibitory and causing paralysis of the nervous system, respiratory standstill, and cardiac arrest in large doses. Nicotine is one of the most toxic alkaloids; a few drops amounting to 100–200 mg—the quantity contained in 200 g of tobacco—may cause death when injected into man. Nicotine is quickly absorbed by the mucous membranes but is also quickly excreted and neutralized. However, the repeated absorption of low doses during smoking causes habituation, addiction, and chronic intoxication. Acute poisoning is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intensified salivation, and, at times, convulsions and disturbances of hearing and vision. Medical treatment of acute nicotine poisoning is aimed at maintaining respiration, since paralysis of the respiratory center results in death.
Nicotine has long been used in pharmacological and physiological experiments. It has no therapeutic value. It is used in the form of a 40-percent aqueous solution of nicotine sulfate, in the form of a water extract from tobacco, and in the form of other preparations as an insecticide to control crop pests.
[′nik·ə'tēn]
(organic chemistry)
C10H14N2 A colorless liquid with a boiling point of 247.3°C; miscible with water; used as a contact insecticide fumigant in closed spaces.
a colourless oily acrid toxic liquid that turns yellowish-brown in air and light: the principal alkaloid in tobacco, used as an agricultural insecticide. Formula: C10H14N2
nicotine
Addictive disorders
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk
Aleksandr Shmuk
Amé Pictet
Cell Sap
Cholinolytic
Cholinomimetic Agent
cigar and cigarette
Coronary Circulation
cotinine
drug addiction and drug abuse
on Fridays, undergo a brief screening interview and have a two-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy mailed to them at no cost.
Worcester smokers may get an extra boost from the state to help them kick the habit
A Cochrane Review found that 17% of smokers who had used nicotine replacement therapy successfully quit at follow-up vs 10% of smokers in the control group.
What is the most effective nicotine replacement therapy? (Clinical inquiries: from the family practice inquiries network)
"After marketing Nicorette to health care professionals for the last three years, we know the product and we know nicotine replacement therapy. Not only are we eager to launch Nicorette, but we are especially excited to establish an entire new category of O-T-C smoking cessation aids."
O-T-C smoking cessation products create new niche
[USPRwire, Tue May 07 2019] The global nicotine replacement therapy market is expected to have substantial growth in coming years owing to increase in smoking cessation campaigns by companies, government and NGO's in bringing awareness of the deadly effects of smoking.
Global Nicotine Replacement Therapy Market Insights Focusing on Primary Trends until 2028
For the supply of nicotine replacement therapy & e-cigarettes and associated consumables.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy & E-cigarettes
A total of 1,310 adults who con tacted New Zealand's Quitline for assistance in smoking cessation were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either 25 days' worth of cytisine tablets or 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (patch and/or gum) plus brief behavioral counseling.
Cytisine beats nicotine replacement for cessation
However, it doesn't work for everybody, and questions have remained about how safe and effective it is to combine varenicline with other smoking cessation therapies such as nicotine replacement therapy.
What Matters: Varenicline plus nicotine replacement therapy
Even with nicotine replacement therapy, individuals can gain substantial amounts of weight when they quit smoking.
Heavier smokers gain more weight post-quitting
Chat online to the team of friendly Smokeline advisers for information on how to quit, stop smoking support services in your area and Nicotine Replacement Therapy products such as patches and gum.
It's never been easier to stop; Smokers now have a range of alternatives available if they need more help and support
The Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) patches work by gradually releasing nicotine into the bloodstream without the cancer-causing substances found in cigarettes.
Patches free for smokers
Specialist advisers can offer one to one support as well as prescribe nicotine replacement therapy.
'Stub it out' advice in store
A trust spokeswoman said: "There has never been a better time for people to kick the habit, with nicotine replacement therapy and specialist advisers on hand."
Help for smokers
Nicolay, John George
Nicole Oresme
Nicole, Pierre
Nicolescu, Miron
Nicolet, Jean
Nicoletiidae
Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri
Nicollet County
Nicolls, Richard
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Nicolson, Sir Harold
Nicomachinae
Nicomachus of Gerasa
Nicomedes
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Nicotine replacement therapy
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Niculescu, Margarita
nidamental gland
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nidge
nidged ashlar
Nidicolae
nidicolous
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Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Niebuhr, H. Richard
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Nicotine Gum Questionnaire
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text:
Frédéric (vers 1188 – vers 1255) est burgrave de Nuremberg de 1204 environ à 1218 (« Frédéric II »), puis comte de Zollern de 1218 à sa mort (« Frédéric IV »). Il est surnommé « Frédéric le Lion ».

Biographie

Frédéric est le fils cadet du comte Frédéric III de Zollern, également devenu burgrave de Nuremberg vers 1192, et de Sophie de Raabs. À sa mort, survenue vers 1200, Frédéric et son frère aîné Conrad assurent conjointement la gestion des territoires de la famille, et notamment le burgraviat de Nuremberg. En ce début du , les Hohenzollern affermissent leur puissance en Souabe du Sud par des acquisitions ou des unions matrimoniales.

En 1218, les possessions de la lignée de Zollern sont réparties entre les deux fils. Frédéric transmet ses possessions à son frère Conrad, qui obtient le titre de burgrave de Nuremberg et les possessions des comtes d'Adenberg (le château ancestral de cette famille, le monastère Heilsbronn). Frédéric conserve quant à lui le titre de comte de Zollern, le château de Hohenzollern et les territoires de Souabe.

Mariages et descendance

Frédéric IV épouse Élisabeth, fille du comte Albert IV de Habsbourg. Deux enfants sont nés de cette union :
 Frédéric V, comte de Zollern ;
 Sophie (morte vers 1270), épouse le comte d'Urach Conrad Ier de Fribourg.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Naissance en 1188
Frederic Nuremberg 02
Frederic 02
Décès en 1255

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mac OS X 10.7 < 10.7.4 Multiple Vulnerabilities
Critical Nessus Network Monitor Plugin ID 6482
The remote host is missing a Mac OS X update that fixes a security issue.
The remote host is running a version of Mac OS X 10.7 that is older than version 10.7.4. The newer version contains numerous security-related fixes for the following components :
- Login Windows
- HFS
- Kernel
- libarchive
- libsecurity
- LoginUIFramework
- Quartz Composer
- QuickTime
- Ruby
- Security Framework
- Time Machine
Upgrade to Mac OS X 10.7.4 or later.
http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2012/May/msg00001.html
Family: Generic
Dependencies: 1735, 8314
Nessus ID: 59066
Risk Factor: Critical
Base Score: 10
Vector: CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Temporal Vector: CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
CPE: cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x
CVE: CVE-2011-1004, CVE-2011-1005, CVE-2011-1777, CVE-2011-1778, CVE-2011-1944, CVE-2011-2821, CVE-2011-2834, CVE-2011-2895, CVE-2011-3212, CVE-2011-3389, CVE-2011-3919, CVE-2011-4566, CVE-2011-4815, CVE-2011-4885, CVE-2012-0036, CVE-2012-0642, CVE-2012-0649, CVE-2012-0651, CVE-2012-0652, CVE-2012-0654, CVE-2012-0655, CVE-2012-0656, CVE-2012-0657, CVE-2012-0658, CVE-2012-0659, CVE-2012-0660, CVE-2012-0661, CVE-2012-0662, CVE-2012-0675, CVE-2012-0830
BID: 46458, 46460, 47737, 48056, 49124, 49279, 49658, 49778, 50907, 51193, 51198, 51300, 51665, 51830, 52364, 53456, 53458, 53457, 53462, 53465, 53466, 53467, 53468, 53469, 53470, 53471, 53473
IAVA: 2012-A-0073, 2012-A-0153
IAVB: 2012-B-0006


Hi! My name is Chandi. My mom and dad were very sad when I got diabetes. I don't remember that day because I was only 2 years old. My sister Davita doesn't remember it either because she was not even born yet. I am upset that I have diabetes. I don't like getting my blood sugar checked and insulin shots. But the worst thing is that other kids can get sweets sometimes when I can't. It seems unfair to me. Most of the time I try to forget about diabetes and have fun.
I love to play with my friends and family. The best time is when we go skiing and I get to wear my helmet and ski on blue hills with moguls. I also love dancing and singing and to draw pictures. I study in my school in Spanish and English and I like very much. But, I can't run a lot at school because sometimes I get a low blood sugar and I have to go and see the nurse.
I would love to get mail from other children with diabetes. Please write to me at chandinyc [at] aol.com.


text:
Home Business Malaysia unlikely to go into recession due to economic diversification
Malaysia unlikely to go into recession due to economic diversification
JAMES ROBERTO
Bursa Malaysia press conference chair By Tan Sri Abdul Wahid Omar(Chairman)Datuk Muhamad Umar Dwift(CEO)and Rosidah Baharom.
KUALA LUMPUR: Malaysia is not likely to slip into a recession due to the diversified structure of its economy. Which is less dependent on commodities, aside from its pragmatic and responsive policies, said Bursa Malaysia chairman Tan Sri Abdul Wahid Omar.
He said that the agriculture and mining sectors now only contribute 14 percent to Malaysia's gross domestic product. While the services sector accounts for 57 percent and the manufacturing sector contributes 24.3 percent.
"The diversity of our trading partners, where we are not overly dependent on one particular country, adds to our economic resilience." He said in his opening remarks at the 'Invest Malaysia 2022 Series 1: Building Resilience Amidst Volatility' here, today.
Abdul Wahid said Malaysian banks and financial services companies have significant weighting in both the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI and the FTSE4Good Bursa Malaysia sustainability index.
"These seven banking stocks alone, namely Maybank, Public Bank, CIMB Bank, Hong Leong Bank, RHB Bank, and Alliance Bank have a combined market capitalization of RM325.36 billion or about 20 percent of the total market capitalization of RM1.65 trillion as at end-June 2022," he said.
"Malaysia is also home to the world's leading Islamic capital market at RM2.2 trillion, representing almost two-thirds of the total capital markets," he said.
He also said the financial system is complemented by well-functioning debt and equity capital markets, which were worth RM3.5 trillion as of June 30, 2022, where the debt capital market accounted for RM1.8 trillion and the equity capital market made up RM1.7 trillion.
He said the strength and stability of the financial system are important factors in Malaysia's resilience. Where local banks are well capitalized, liquid, better managed, and effectively regulated and supervised by Bank Negara Malaysia.
"Banks also continue to fulfill their intermediation role by mobilizing funds to be channeled to productive sectors of the economy," he said.
On the global front, Abdul Wahid noted that the United States-China trade tensions and the Ukraine-Russia conflict have also caused commodity prices and logistics costs to skyrocket. That Resulted in high inflationary pressures globally, forcing central banks to tighten their monetary policy to rein in inflation.
"This is likely to cause economic slowdown and potential recessions in some countries in 2023."
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JAMES ROBERTO - January 4, 2023


text:
Babe, Robert E.. "Graham Spry". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 04 March 2015, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry. Accessed 17 January 2021.
Babe, R., Graham Spry (2015). In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry
Babe, Robert E., "Graham Spry". In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published September 08, 2008; Last Edited March 04, 2015. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry
Babe, Robert E.. The Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. "Graham Spry", Last Edited March 04, 2015, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry
Graham Spry
Article by Robert E. Babe
Published Online September 8, 2008
A political activist, he published the Farmers' Sun, renamed the New Commonwealth (1932-34); was coauthor of Social Planning for Canada, published by the LEAGUE FOR SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION (1935); and was chairman of the Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1934-36).
Graham Spry, journalist, diplomat, international business executive, political organizer, advocate of public broadcasting (b at St Thomas, Ont 20 Feb 1900; d at Ottawa 24 Nov 1983). As cofounder with Alan PLAUNT in 1930 of the Canadian Radio League he was instrumental in mobilizing popular and political support for public broadcasting in Canada. A Rhodes scholar in history at Oxford, Spry began his career as a reporter and editorial writer for the Manitoba Free Press (1920-22). He was chairman of the Canadian Radio League 1930-34 (and years later of the Canadian Broadcasting League 1968-73). The CRL campaigned for the general recommendation of the 1929 royal commission on broadcasting - the establishment and the support of a national system operated as a public undertaking. Spry's famous 1932 aphorism, "The State or the United States," is apt even today (seeCANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION).
A political activist, he published the Farmers' Sun, renamed the New Commonwealth (1932-34); was coauthor of Social Planning for Canada, published by the LEAGUE FOR SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION (1935); and was chairman of the Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1934-36). He then joined Standard Oil of California, becoming director (1940-46) of UK-based subsidiaries engaged in Arabian and other operations. At the same time he was personal assistant to Sir Stafford Cripps of the British War Cabinet (1942-45), accompanying him on his mission to India, and served in the Home Guard.
As agent general for Saskatchewan in the UK, Europe and the Near East (1946-68), among other duties he recruited doctors, nurses and other skilled personnel. He was instrumental in neutralizing the 1962 SASKATCHEWAN DOCTORS' STRIKE against medicare. In Canada 1968-83, he continued to work for public broadcasting until the end of his life.
R.E. Babe, "Life is Information: Canadian Communication and the Legacy of Graham Spry," in Communication and the Transformation of Economics (1995); R. Potvin, Passion and Conviction: The Letters of Graham Spry (1992).
Cassie Campbell-Pascall
Wab Kinew


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text:
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
Anthony Hernandez: L.A. Landscapes Opens at Nelson-Atkins April 19
Exhibition Highlights Artist's Contemporary Views of Urban Environment
For nearly 50 years, photographer Anthony Hernandez has used his camera to document the social landscape in and around his native Los Angeles. Anthony Hernandez: L.A. Landscapes, drawn completely from the permanent collection of The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, highlights Hernandez's mid-to-late career achievements and features 40 photographs. The exhibition opens April 19.
"The incredible breadth and depth of our photography collection allows us to present exhibitions of internationally recognized artists like Anthony Hernandez for our Kansas City audiences," said Julián Zugazagoitia, Menefee D. and Mary Louise Blackwell CEO & Director of the Nelson-Atkins. "These compelling works straddle abstraction and social documentation in a unique and fascinating way."
The earliest projects represented in this exhibition include two black and white photographs from the series Automotive Landscapes, Public Transit Areas, Public Use Areas, and Public Fishing Areas. These works, made between 1978 and 1982, focus on the mundane asphalt and concrete landscapes of Los Angeles, a city constructed for, and reliant on, automotive transport. These photographs were the first views Hernandez made using a 5 x 7-inch Deardorff camera, and marked a shift away from his earlier, 35-mm street photography to large-format work.
More recent projects by Hernandez will include a selection of 18 color photographs from Everything and Forever, two series that take as their subjects the fringe landscapes of Los Angeles. Everything includes photographs made while Hernandez walked the Los Angeles River basin, an area often perceived as a wasteland, and one rarely seen by car. These landscapes eschew familiar tropes of natural beauty, focusing instead on such structures as drainage ditches and storm drains, and the human detritus found therein. For Forever, Hernandez adopted the point of view of the homeless, turning his camera toward the spaces they inhabit. The photographs record more than the material traces of this way of life. They emphasize the emotional and psychological impact of living on the streets, giving symbolic weight to the simplest of objects. For both Everything and Forever, Hernandez framed his subjects using a medium-format camera. His use of the square negative complements Hernandez's ongoing interest in pattern, compositional structure, and typological investigation.
"Anthony's work uniquely addresses important social issues—such as the impact of city planning on disenfranchised communities—without making a strident political statement," said April Watson, Photography Curator. "Rather, his approach gently encourages viewers to recognize and understand these concerns through his specific artistic choices."
Anthony Hernandez, Everything #3, 2004. Gift of the Hall Family Foundation
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Golden Prospects: California Gold Rush Daguerreotypes to Open at Nelson-Atkins
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Friday the 13th is upon us. But instead of fretting over unlucky omens, I have the perfect solution. Embrace this eerie day by reading some of our Top 10 picks; they are guaranteed to scare all of your worries away!
One ill-advised affair leads to the death of a loved one, which then leads to a suspicious insurance claim. How these two events connect will send chills down the reader's spine. Crawford has cleverly crafted a devious web of lies between three different characters, making for one suspenseful page flip after another.
Aside from Friday the 13th, we all know one other day of the year when the ghoulish stories will appear. Two young girls lives are intertwined in a heart breaking, defiant friendship that leads to a shocking turn of events. As readers you will become invested in their lives, not wanting to shut the book until you've read the last page.
This is book number nine from Lackberg that features the well-loved characters Patrik Hedstrom and Erica Falk, a husband and wife duo set on solving even the most gruesome murders. When a young girl is found, naked and brutally murdered, Patrik and Erica must work together using their own unique skill sets to shed a light on the killer.
Bird Box takes place in a post-apocalyptic world with a constant fear of the unknown; it is a horror story unlike any other. The storyline plays with time, jumping from past to present, making it a suspenseful cover to cover read. Be prepared true horror fans! I recommend not reading before bed.
Back at it again, Kenneth Oppel will send shivers down your spine with this emotionally haunting novel. The inner demons of a young boy begin to manifest as "angels" when he is faced with reality of losing a loved one. The Nest is an exploration of anxiety and grief but viewed through the innocent eyes. While the target audience is for younger readers, this heart wrenching tale is easily enjoyed by all ages.
Set in the 1920s, this chilling story is about twin girls, one living a glamorous life while the other hides away with her books. Their lives quickly change when one twin discovers that their caretaker might not be who she seems.
Taylor's novel is set in London during the Great Fire of 1666. A body is found where it shouldn't be, and the political and emotional turmoil that ensues is a nail-biter! The historical elements combined with a thrilling investigation makes for the perfect eerie Friday the 13th read.
For readers who are fans of the classic detective novel, The Silent Girls is the perfect book to go on your must read list. Filled with bone-chilling suspense and mystery, Rickstad's story plays with the idea that evil is everywhere and no one is truly safe.
Rickstad has created yet another murder mystery page turner. Lie in Wait has a psychological element to it that makes for a thrilling read. I get the feeling that with Rickstad, the most heart wrenching murders seem to happen in the smallest of towns.
Finally, why buy one book when you can have four? This compilation of four chilling novels from the best-selling author Joe Hill will have your skin crawling. Read in any order you like, but not all at once…don't say I didn't warn you!
Reading these stories will also be the perfect way to get yourself ready for Hill's new novel, The Fireman, which is set to hit stores next Tuesday!
Have a hair-raising Friday, Savvy readers!


text:
Le Stade Nicola Ceravolo (en ) est un stade de football italien situé à Corallo, quartier de la ville de Catanzaro, en Calabre.

Le stade, doté de  places et inauguré en 1919, sert d'enceinte à domicile à l'équipe de football de l'Unione Sportiva Catanzaro 1929.

Il porte le nom de Nicola Ceravolo, ancien dirigeant sportif calabrais et président de l'US Catanzaro entre 1958 et 1979.

Il est l'un des plus vieux stades d'Italie encore en activité.

Histoire

Le stade ouvre ses portes en 1919 sous le nom de Piazza d'Armi dans le quartier de Corallo, près des pentes de la montagne Spezzano (sur un lieu servant de camp de concentration pour prisonniers de guerre).

Le terrain est tout d'abord utilisé pour l'entraînement des troupes stationnées à Catanzaro, alors quartier général du commandement de la division et du 19 régiment d'infanterie.

Devant l'intérêt croissant pour le football dans la région, le terrain est modifié en 1924 pour devenir un véritable stade de football sous le nom de Stade Divisionnaire (en ).

En 1927, l'Union sportive fasciste de Catanzaro, présidée par Enrico Talamo, est incluse dans le championnat régional de troisième division (comparable à l'actuelle Serie D), marquant ainsi l'entrée du football de Catanzaro dans le domaine sportif national. Le stade revient alors à la ville et quitte le domaine militaire.

Événements

Galerie

Notes et références

Équipement sportif achevé en 1919
Stade de football en Calabre
Stade portant le nom d'une personnalité sportive
Monument à Catanzaro
Unione Sportiva Catanzaro 1929


text:
Youth Services Commission
One Spring Street
KTurtur@sussex.nj.us
2020 Sussex County Youth Services Commission (SCYSC)
Third Wednesday of every month (except August and December) at 12:30pm (usually no more than an hour) in the Commissioner Meeting room, Administrative Center, 1 Spring St, Newton, NJ 07860. In times of inclement weather, if Sussex Technical School is closed all county meetings are cancelled.
The Co-Chairs of this meeting are Chief Neil Spidaletto, Sparta Police Department and Carol Novrit, Administrator, County Health and Human Services.
January 15 May 20 September 16
February 19 June 17 October 21
March 18 July 15 November 18
April 15 August-NO meeting December-NO meeting
2020 SCYSC: Education Partnership sub-committee
Fourth Wednesday during the school year except June and December at Project Self Sufficiency, Mill St., Newton, NJ at 2:00pm. There are no co-chairs as this is not a full council meeting.
February 26 June-NO meeting October Event
March Event July-NO meeting November 25
2020 Sussex County Council on Juvenile Justice System Improvement
(JDAI-Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative)
Second Tuesday of every month (on juvenile court days, subject to change) at 11:30am (usually about an hour) in the superior courthouse (room notification comes with the agenda), 41-47 High St, Newton, NJ 07860.
The Co-Chairs of the meeting are Honorable Michael Gaus, JSC and Christine Florio, Division Director, Community & Youth Services.
January 14 May 12 September 8
February 11 June 9 October 13
April 14 August 11 December 8
The Sussex County Youth Services Commission's (SCYSC) mission is to advocate for an accessible, responsive, integrated and coordinated system of care for the specific needs of youth and families residing in Sussex County. The target population includes youth with special social and emotional needs and/or juveniles involved or at risk of involvement in the Family Court.
The SCYSC serves as an advisory body appointed by the Board of County Commissioners for the purpose of cross-systems planning for children and youth (age 0-21 years) with special social/emotional and their families as well as planning for juveniles (0-18 years) who are currently involved or at risk of involvement with the Superior Court - Family Part. It provides a forum where the system of services for children can be developed, reviewed, revised and/or redirected through a collaborative decision making process to assure optimal service in the least restrictive setting.
The SCYSC addresses two major state initiatives that impact youth and families on a local level:
Department of Human Services' Youth Incentive Program (YIP)
Juvenile Justice Commission's (JJC) State/Community Partnership Grant Program.
YIP's goal is to improve the system of services for children with special emotional needs, and County Inter-Agency Coordinating Councils (CIACC's) were established to meet this goal at the county level.
The JJC-YSC centralizes authority over juveniles involved with or at risk of involvement with the Superior Court-Family Part. Its goal is to plan, implement and operate a comprehensive program of sanctions and services for juveniles to protect the public, ensure accountability and promote rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
For both of these initiatives, the County receives funds for programs at the local level to address the needs of children and youth in the target populations.
SCYSC has three standing sub-committees:
Youth Review Team
The Education Partnership links the various partners in the Children's System of Care, which serves children with behavioral health needs, developmental disabilities and substance abuse issues (as of June 1, 2013), with local school districts to assist schools in keeping current with changes in the System of Care (https://www.morrissussexresourcenet.org/search/sussex-county-education-partnership/ )
The Youth Review Team is a multidisciplinary team consisting of agencies and government entities which work with youth involved with Family Court. It meets twice monthly to review each case individually to coordinate services and make recommendations to the Family Court Judge when necessary.
The Planning Committee is responsible for assessing current needs, evaluating strategies to meet those needs, and making funding recommendations to the SCYSC for the allocation of funds to implement the recommended strategies.
The SCYSC's focus is on developing a coordinated system of care for the following County populations, in keeping with current CIACC and YSC standards:
CIACC
Any youth whose emotional or psycho-social problems are so pronounced as to cause the youth to have difficulty functioning in the youth's home community and whose behavior causes the youth to come to the attention of a private or public institution such as the local school system, the Family Court, a church, or a community-based agency; and
As of January, 2013, children and youth with developmental disabilities also became part of the re-organized New Jersey Children's System of Care, and therefore part of the CIAAC's target population; and
Effective July 1, 2013, those with substance abuse and addiction issues will also come under the Children's System of Care umbrella for services.
Children/youth who are adjudicated as delinquent; and
Children/youth who are charged as a delinquent; and
Children/youth who are involved or at risk of becoming involved with Superior Court-Family Part.
For further information, contact Kristen Turtur, Youth Services Coordinator at (973) 940-5200 x1379 or KTurtur@sussex.nj.us.
2018-2020 Comprehensive County Youth Services Plan
Juvenile Arrest Data for Sussex County


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