text:
Activity for young christian adult
30.01.2018 30.01.2018 | Taran
Unmasked: Exposing the Cultural Sexual Assault (Activity Books) [Jim Anderson] on zitar-metiz.ru *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. In an era in which sexual sin is. Apr 15, · WND EXCLUSIVE Christian giant sued for 'using nanny as sex object' Lawsuit claims religious leader promised to marry young woman after wife dies. Items of Interest. Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People; What Would You Do? An Activity for Youth Groups; Safe Environment Program Coordinators. Jan 29, · Book Week - Activity Ideas Book Week is such an exciting time for celebrating books, libraries and readers. Here are a few ideas for Book Week.
Shepherd on the Search Advent Activity Set - LifeWay
Administrative Science Quarterly , 8 2 , — I just got married. A young woman enters Mercy for issues unrelated to abuse and comes out accusing her family of horrific sexual violations.
YMCA - Wikipedia
Discover classic favorites, inspirational and faith-friendly stories, popular series, and more! Archived from the original on 10 March In some programmes, children earn patches for achieving various goals, such as completing a designated nature hike or participating in Y-sponsored events.
And secular psychiatrists want to medicate things like that, but Jesus did not say to medicate a demon. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. The year-old Alcorn resembles a smoothly preserved woman of about 45, her cornsilk hair and tanned skin as flawless as her favored leather jackets and vests, her friendly twang and photogenic smile masking the fierce intensity of her faith. YMCA of the USA has been one of the largest charitable nonprofits in the United States, in terms of donations received from the general public, as listed by Forbes magazine.
Adult - Wikipedia
The goal of the YMCA is to "strengthen communities through youth development, healthy living and social responsibility. For the rest of the night, she lay awake, still panicking, wondering if God had abandoned her. It reaffirmed the Paris Basis and adopted a declaration of principles, known as the Kampala Principles. Recovered memory therapy is now widely discredited.
Christian giant sued for 'using nanny as sex object'
Farris, who said he has known Phillips for two decades, expressed concern that Phillips could re-emerge in the homeschooling movement and as a leader in a Christian ministry. Bruce Minear, an experienced secretary, was sent to organize the association work in the Canal Zone.
Alcorn declined to be interviewed for this article. Clifford Putney pays special attention to the YMCA and the way its underlying philosophy changed to embrace the bodily emphasis of muscular Christianity.
Book Week Activity Ideas | madison's library
Here, a Mercy counselor asks a resident to recall a traumatic memory or to let Jesus reveal a moment of past trauma and then imagine that Christ is there, absolving her of any guilt related to the event.
When I emailed Singleton in April to ask for clarification, she stopped responding. Boys enter puberty later than girls - usually around 12 years of age and it lasts until around age 16 or 17 Or in rare cases 18 and a half.The Young Men's Christian Association, commonly known as the YMCA or simply the Y, is a worldwide organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 2 billion.
Boys enter puberty later than girls-usually around 12 years of age-and it lasts until around age 16 or Mercy told Hayley that if she tithed to the organization, God would bless her.
Minister responsibilities include preaching Sunday morning and night, teaching Wednesday nigh adult class and or teaching as part of a rotation, helping with. Rumbaut, and Richard A.
The other school is entirely biblically based and comprises programs that disregard secular mental health practices. Forty-eight percent of self-described evangelical, born-again, and fundamentalist Christians believe Bible study and prayer can cure serious mental illness, according to a study by the conservative Christian body LifeWay Research.
Culture: Music, TV & radio, books, film, art, dance & photography
Both are rooted in the Charismatic Christian movement, which believes in spiritual warfare, the gifts and healing powers of the Holy Spirit, prophesy, the laying of hands to anoint or empower an ailing individual, and salvation from demonic forces through deliverance. Torres, and that his wife would die shortly and enable him to marry Ms.
In an era in which sexual sin is. Alcorn became born again as a young woman, after injuries ended her dream of playing college basketball.
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Marwell, we will be back! As early as , YMCA leaders believed the Movement could be truly international and united across borders. In the following video, Doug Phillips can be seen in the Dulles airport in Virginia with his family and others as they wait for their flight to Rome.
I never thought that I would be capable of living a life on my own—a life dependent on God and not on medication or the approval of other people. For the song, see Y.
Book Week 2017: Activity Ideas
For other uses, see Adult disambiguation. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
But that night, alone in a strange dorm room, Hayley roiled with panic. Retrieved 18 September Sometimes there is no requirement, but rather a recommendation.
Of the nine severed families I spoke to, only two of the actual Mercy attendees were willing to discuss the incidents, both on the condition that they not be quoted or identified in any way. Gibbs said when he met Torres, she was afraid to leave her church because she feared retribution and was concerned for her own safety.
These services are offered out of their Young Adult drop-in centre in Seattle, Wash.
Asbury United Methodist Church, Little Rock, AR
Retrieved 1 August By , there were nine buildings in operation in the Canal Zone. It is now evident that Mrs.
Stories like this used to be common. Paul had started rural development programmes for self-reliance of marginal farmers, through co-operatives and credit societies. Find Christian and general market books for kids.
Unmasked: Exposing the Cultural Sexual Assault (Activity Books) [Jim Anderson] on zitar-metiz.ru *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. These programmes remained popular throughout this time.
And many Mercy clients say just that. Another reason was dirt and soap could be released into the pool from the fibres of swim wear.
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Oasis Dental Care is the current market leader in private dentistry and as we continue to grow we would like to welcome you to join in our success. At Oasis Dental Care our primary focus is on patient care and quality dentistry and as such we are recruiting dentists that share our vision and values.
This exciting new opportunity requires a part time Locum Dentist to work within our practice in the sought after location of Rustington.This quaint little village is situated on the beautiful South Coast offering beautiful beaches and is just a short drive from the historic Jurassic Coast. We have a variety of working days available on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Fridayand just need a locum to cover a period of holiday starting from the 26th to the 30th of September.
A performer number is essential as UDA''s will be assigned.
If you are asking yourself the question 'why join Oasis' allow me to highlight just some of the incentives.


Clark Jniuia says: CLARK company in 1917 the production of Clark Tructractor, in many cases to be treated as a forklift, this is actually a misnomer, because this is a product of Tructractor neither fork, also cannot ascend, so Tructractor can only be regarded as an industrial vehicle, certainly can not be called a forklift. CLARK company has a product, Truclift, in 1920 (actually 1922) development and production, also could be called a forklift, because this product is a can improve the loading platform, and did not install fork. The first real forklift made by CLARK company was launched in 1928, Tructier.
This product is above photo shows the forklift industry insiders generally think is the world's first forklift Tructractor, which is a product of the CLARK equipment company in Michigan development and production of buchanan. Strictly speaking, the Tructractor is the world's first diesel powered industrial vehicle. Tructractor was originally equipped with flat or cargo containers, loading and unloading by human, one is used to start CLARK between all departments in the factory material transportation, and later because the visit to the factory CLARK customer utility to the one handling vehicle is very interested, also ordered, to CLARK factory mass production started in 1918, the production of Tructractor. 8, 1919 the production of 75 units.
This product is a CLARK company in 1922 developed Truclift, which is the first equipped with internal combustion engine platform lifting cars in the world, and Truclift is the world's first use of hydraulic instead of mechanical gear and linkage device to enhance internal combustion load lifting car. Beginning in 1922, Tructractors and Truclifts, CLARK's two products, were manufactured by CLARK at a new plant in Battle Creek, Michigan, us.
In 1923, CLARK company development and production of the Duat tractor, in 1924, CLARK company based on Duat tractor, the installation of a door frame and a lifting chain device can lift 1000 pounds of goods, from now on, the world's first diesel powered forklift, so very occasionally accidentally born from then on, changed the way of handling of goods.
In 1928, CLARK Truclift company based on old products, development and production of the Tructier Tructier, this product is the first use of hydraulic device in the world, rather than by the mechanical chain device to enhance internal combustion power forklift loading, lifting the weight of the goods can be greatly improved.
In 1938, CLARK company developed a small tonnage forklift. -Carloader is the world's first modern prototype, which is a product of many body length less than before the product appearance, internal structure, reasonable and compact structure, simple operation mode, since this product batch production in the market demand, the popularity of a time by many other manufacturers to imitate the production of forklift. Carloader this product is so popular that it didn't stop production until 1964.
So far, CLARK forklift began to enter a new stage, to become the world's early material handling equipment industry leader, especially during World War II, material handling equipment used by allied, Clark products accounted for 90% of all allied Military airports all adopt Clark forklift and tractor, without exception, that in the end of the war after a long period of time, Clark is synonymous with forklift. In 1943, Clark was awarded an outstanding Medal of contribution from the United States military. However, we can see that since 1938, and now almost 80 years have passed, the counterbalanced forklift. What almost no big change, both the appearance, structure, working principle, operation mode, or 80 years ago, is the case, Chinese and foreign manufacturers are similar, the reason where? Worth pondering.


TPR in Japan - 2018 - Theme parks and Japanese Fun!
Part 26 - More time at Tokyo DisneySEA!
Location: Three miles south of nightly fireworks!
Re: TPR in Japan - 2018 - Theme parks and Japanese Fun!
I really like the look to the new entrance plaza! The funny photo ops are really cool! That food looks amazing!
Question for Robb: IIRC, weren't all of the rides independently operated by different vendors at one time? So, has Fuji-Q had a single entity come in and unite everyone, making it a "corporate" type park, which explains the newer (and I think, better) enhancements?
Great to hear that Fuji-Q may have finally turned a corner in a good way. I always thought that the park looked like tons of fun, but in almost every trip report that I would read, nope...still crappy operations with horrible waits (or unopened attractions).
Yet another great report, thanks for sharing. I'm glad to hear Do-Dodonpa is still just as good as ever. Definitely a bucket list park, along with Nagashima!
Fuji-Q is awesome. I really enjoyed Eejanaika with the new S&S Trains, it feels soooo much better than X2.
From what I gathered from when I was over there last year, Fuji-Q is owned by a company that operates the train line that goes to the park, a bus line or two that go to the park and Mt. Fuji, and a bunch of hotels and other tourist destinations around Mt. Fuji. Most parks seem to operate like this as Tobu Zoo is part of the company that runs the train line to their park as well as Tokyo SkyTree and the Seibu Group owns a train line or two (I think?), Sea Paradise, a few hotels, and Toshimaen.
I'm glad you guys had a great visit and it gets me excited for when I go back this year. I'm going to miss taking the train up as it was a very beautiful route through the Japanese Alps, but if the bus is going to get me there before opening, then I'm taking the bus!
It looks like all of you had a great time at Fuji-Q! And I think too, the "Haunted Hospital" was in need of "something"
in it's place, when we were there in 2013. It had a good, long run.
that looks to actually improve the park experience for everybody.
Did they still have the same kind FastPass system, like you and Elissa had to deal with back in 2013, Robb?
Or was it now more streamlined, and faster, etc? I'm just curious.
Thanks for the continued update of your TR, Robb. Much appreciated. I MISS JAPAN.
Didn't get on the Lucky Cat? We really enjoyed that when we went a few weeks ago! Japan Cool (the splash boat) was closed when we went, as was panic clock and the hospital.
ricottma wrote: Didn't get on the Lucky Cat? We really enjoyed that when we went a few weeks ago!
This wasn't our first visit to the park. We've ridden it before and I didn't find it all that amazing.
looks like y'all had an incredible time in Japan..can't believe you were there a month and if flew by so quickly.
wonderful report thus far, and just as excited for the final installment (s)? .. .back at Tokyo Disney.
Day Twenty Three - Benyland & Lina World!
Starting our day off with the Choo-Choo Train Jet Coaster!
Seriously, though, this ride was a lot of fun!
I'm not so sure what to make of this sign, but there it is!
And it's everything you would expect from old-school Arrow "Coat Hanger" designed goodness!
And yes, you get corkscrewed on it!
Doesn't this trash can look like someone stole it from Disney???
This was an odd flat ride. I'm not sure I've seen it before. But it just looked like "Shovel: The Ride." It wasn't terribly amazing.
...or an ice cream cone, now you CAN at Benyland! yay!
Nice park, though. This is most certainly a worthy stop in the northern part of Japan.
Next stop was Lina World. Another smaller park that we've been to before, but quite enjoyed for it's quirkiness.
Another park with a nicely landscaped entrance.
The whole park has this interesting "woodsy" feel to it and some of it was nicely kept up, other parts looked like it had seen better days.
Upon arrival to the "Jetcorster" we were slightly disappointed that they had fixed their spelling mistake!
The ride itself is interesting as it is the text book definition of the "Figure 8" roller coaster.
People rode it. It didn't kill us. So that's a good thing!
"We don't want your fake comfort animals here!"
The Hello Kitty area was pretty much all closed up.
It looked like it had seen better days and I hope they re-do this area.
And characters that you probably know if you like Sanrio characters.
Lina World - Nice park. Needs a little bit of love, but still a fun place!
The nice thing about base camping at Tokyo Disney is that every time you come back home, you get to see this sign!
Tonight we didn't have time to visit the parks so instead we went into Iskpiari for dinner.
It hasn't changed much and it's still REALLY GOOD!
Even better when they make your pasta right in the cheese wheel!
Minnie Kristen enjoying her pasta!
This is just how Janice normally looks.
Seriously, the pizza here is great! We always recommend this place when visiting Ikspiari!
Now, POST YOUR COMMENTS!!!! After all, we took the time to write this report, the least you can do is post something nice about it!
Click HERE for Part Twenty Four of our TPR Japan 2018 Report!
Last edited by robbalvey on Tue Jul 03, 2018 2:51 am.


The Churchill Heritage Centre invites you to an OPEN AFTERNOON (with tea and scrummy cakes) and a (short) GRAVESTONES WALK (and talk) by Nina Morgan on Sunday 15 May at 2.30 pm.
Nina Morgan is the author of The Geology of Oxford Gravestones, and something of an expert on the family life of William Smith – it is she who has transcribed the 52 letters (held at Oxford Nat Hist Museum) between William Smith and his nephew and niece John and Anne Phillips. So she is the perfect person to come and talk to us about some of the fascinating gravestones we have in the churchyard, and to throw more light on the close personal relationships William Smith had with his family – the subject of our current exhibition, William Smith: The Family Man.
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Jordyn Clark Foundation
Jordyn Clark FoundationJordyn Clark FoundationJordyn Clark Foundation
Jordyn's Light
Our Sunshine
Everlasting Impact
Forever With Us
Clarky's Catch
Light Up the Night for JC
Jordyn Clark 5k/1 Mile
Forever 23 Bracelets
Jordyn Clark Memorial Scholarship
The Jordyn Clark Memorial College Scholarship is being established in 2021 to honor an incredible, passionate Concordia St. Paul soccer goalkeeper who died by suicide on January 12, 2021. Jordyn masked her anxiety and depression from all that knew and loved her until she could no longer bear the pain she was shouldering. Scholarships will support senior soccer players who exemplify the qualities of Jordyn.
Jordyn (aka: J, JC, Clarky, Sunshine, Sis, Baby girl) was recognized by her peers as one of the best players and teammates ever to step on the pitch.
While Jordyn's talent and contributions were clearly valued in the net, what truly made her an MVP was her impact away from the field. Jordyn was a friend to everyone; advocate to the under-served and the center of activities from team-building exercises to.... fun.
"In the early part of 2015 I recruited Jordyn to play our college team originally based on her technical soccer abilities, however after one brief conversation I knew I needed her on my program based on her unbelievable charismatic personality. Clarky swiftly became my kind of student athlete. On the field she worked hard in training, loved the game and her enthusiasm for soccer will be hard to surpass. Even during the times she was injured her smile lightened any moment and she bounced back stronger than ever. Her senior year was her best, but the work she put in to get there should not go unnoticed. JC is the most decorated goalkeeper in the history of CSP women's soccer, she was named the NSIC Goalkeeper of the Year in leading the Golden Bears to the 2019 NSIC Regular Season Championship, the first in the history of the program. She was recognized by the United Soccer Coaches as well as the D2CCA as an All-Central Region First Team selection. She worked hard to gain these accolades and enjoyed the process.
Off the field her impact on our program is immeasurable. She understood what the team meant to everyone and knew how to engage with every single person. Clarky was a bright light and was loved by everyone at CSP. Without doubt she brought me challenges and pushed me to be a better coach, better mentor. We laughed together, we cried together and we celebrated together.
Jordyn's mission to be a bright light in this world will go on and she will be honored with the memories she created", said Steve Bellis, head women soccer coach at Concordia St. Paul.
Jordyn coached at Edina Soccer Club and Park Valley United for goalkeepers and a U10 team, coaching with an emphasis on having fun, developing mentally as a team, as well as technical and tactical skills. Her leadership was always accompanied by a brilliant smile, positive attitude and a dose of hype, in true Jordyn style.
The scholarship application consists of highlight characteristics of applicants on and off the soccer field. Application is collaborative with the coach and youth athlete and can be submitted via a formal essay, video recording, audio recording, slideshow etc. after completing the initial form application.
What does it mean to be a "JC1 Goalkeeper"?
Social Equity, Inclusion, Justice
Copyright © 2022 Jordyn Clark Foundation - All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Menu ARN
Honouring the leading channel partners in ASEAN
Winners revealed during ceremony on Thursday 14 November at Andaz Singapore
James Henderson (Channel Asia) 30 October, 2019 11:42
Credit: Channel Asia / IDG
Channel Asia is preparing to honour the leading technology providers across ASEAN as the channel ecosystem comes together for the inaugural Innovation Awards.
Reflective of IDG's increasing commitment to the region, the Awards will honour outstanding work through customer value and innovation, with more than 200 nominations submitted across six countries.
In total, 76 organisations are represented, including more than 40 partners, over 20 vendors and 10 distributors.
The most competitive field is at partner level, with the Awards set to bring together the most diverse and wide-ranging channel ecosystem under one roof during the celebration dinner, which will be held on Thursday 14 November at Andaz Singapore.
To celebrate this milestone, Channel Asia has profiled the 42 channel partner finalists represented during the inaugural Awards, following an overwhelming response from the market.
Partner finalists span the entire channel ecosystem, ranging from value-added resellers, system integrators, managed service providers (MSPs) and cloud specialists, to consultancy giants, independent software vendors (ISVs), start-ups and global system integrators (GSIs).
From a technology perspective, finalist partners specialise in the delivery of cloud, software, digital and security solutions, in addition to data centre, networking, mobility and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Key vendors represented through the portfolio include SAP, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft and Google Cloud, alongside Cisco, VMware, Hewlett Packard Enterprise and Dell Technologies among others.
Specific to location, most partners have strong representation across ASEAN, with key presence in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
Here's a full rundown of the channel partners shortlisted:
As SAP's leading partner, with over 40 years of experience across the entire SAP solutions portfolio, Accenture's capabilities span end-to-end enterprise functions. Bringing together the knowledge and experience of over 5000 skilled professionals from the Accenture Technology Centre in the Philippines, the consultancy giant continues to invest in learning, enablement, and certification to support a large range of clientele across Southeast Asia.
- Philippines / ASEAN
Advanced Information Technology
Advanced Information Technology is a leader in designing, developing and installing the national information technology network system, with a heritage stretching more than 20 years in Thailand. Key areas of expertise include the delivery of managed services across networking, cloud and data centre technologies, leveraging vendors such as Cisco, NetApp and F5 Networks, alongside HP and VMware.
AsiaPac
With almost 30 years of expertise in business technology, AsiaPac is a specialist in the provision of managed modernised data centre infrastructure, hybrid cloud and enterprise computing device solutions. Key vendor expertise spans AWS, Microsoft and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, alongside Cisco, Lenovo and VMware among others.
- Singapore / ASEAN
Atos IT Solutions and Services
Atos specialises in driving digital transformation in large enterprises across various industries, covering strategy and roadmap to execution in Thailand. Atos offers a broad range of technologies from ERP to digital offerings across retail, manufacturing and healthcare among others.
Avanade is a leading provider of innovative digital and cloud services, business solutions and design-led experiences on the Microsoft ecosystem. Powered by Accenture Microsoft Business Group - Avanade helps companies to engage customers, empower employees, optimise operations and transform products, leveraging the Microsoft platform.
- ASEAN
Blazeclan Technologies
Blazeclan is a born-in-the-cloud AWS Premier and Microsoft Gold Partner, operating among the world's leading providers of public cloud services with a proven history of helping enterprises unlock the value of cloud computing. The business has been providing customers across the globe with cloud advisory services, cloud migration, DevOps and automation expertise, in addition to big data and analytics, cloud-native application development and next-gen cloud managed services.
Blue Wireless
Blue Wireless offers 4G/LTE based networking solutions which provide enterprise customers with flexible and cost-effective connectivity for branches, remote sites, vessels and vehicles across Southeast Asia.
Cloud Ace
Cloud Ace offers consulting, development and support for Google Cloud Platform. With headquarters in Japan, the business has expanded engineering capabilities to Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and Singapore, obtaining eight Google Cloud Specialisations in the process.
Cloud Comrade
Cloud Comrade is a Singapore-headquartered cloud MSP working with leading cloud providers such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and Alibaba Cloud. The business provides cloud migrations and managed services for commercial and public sector organisations across ASEAN.
Cybertrend
Cybertrend Intrabuana is an Indonesian technology company established in 2011, focusing on delivering data analytics-related services and solutions. This includes business intelligence, data analytics, data science, AI and machine learning solutions with deep expertise in several lines of industries.
- Indonesia
Read more on the next page…
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8 top priorities for CIOs in 2022
Channel Asia Hall of Fame
5 top hybrid cloud security challenges


Using his Miami Beach home as a laboratory, professor and designer Nick Gelpi tests a material that recasts concrete's tough image.
There's a saying, according to Nick Gelpi, that architects don't design details in Miami, they shop for them. That's because strict product-approval guidelines can leave designers with a limited palette of materials to choose from in this hurricane-prone region. While the challenge would discourage some, Gelpi embraced it head-on when he traded a post at Steven Holl's internationally recognized firm in New York City for his own practice in Miami Beach.


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5 # Resolve two or more trees.
16 # The first parameters up to -- are merge bases; the rest are heads.
36 # Reject if this is not an Octopus -- resolve should be used instead.
44 # MRC is the current "merge reference commit"
45 # MRT is the current "merge result tree"
57 # a head to merge.
58 echo "Automated merge did not work."
59 echo "Should not be doing an Octopus."
64 if test "$SHA1" = "$pretty_name"
66 SHA1_UP="$(echo "$SHA1" | tr a-z A-Z)"
70 die "Unable to find common commit with $pretty_name"
74 echo "Already up-to-date with $pretty_name"
79 if test "$common,$NON_FF_MERGE" = "$MRC,0"
81 # The first head being merged was a fast-forward.
83 # tree as the intermediate result of the merge.
84 # We still need to count this as part of the parent set.
86 echo "Fast-forwarding to: $pretty_name"
94 echo "Trying simple merge with $pretty_name"
99 echo "Simple merge did not work, trying automatic merge."


When an instructional designer starts designing an e-learning course, the first step is to analyze the available content, fill in gaps by sourcing additional content, and combine it all to make it cohesive. The next step is to chunk the content, where the information is divided into small pieces or chunks.
Content needs to be chunked before it is used in an e-learning course because this helps make the reading and understanding of content easy. When information is divided into small chunks, the human brain can process them faster.
Chunking is essential to online learning because information organized in a logical and progressive way guides the learning process. Chunking works not only for typical linear instruction but also helps group together conceptually related information. When such information is grouped together, it becomes meaningful and easy to understand.
There is a tendency to believe that microlearning and content chunking are similar. While there is no doubt that both involve cutting down content into smaller pieces, microlearning requires organizing the topic in an entirely different way. The content for a microlearning module should be self-explanatory and self-contained so that it can act as an autonomous learning unit and cover a single learning objective.
However, when chunking content for an e-learning course, the content has to be connected to the various learning objectives of the course. The content in modules has to be organized in such a way that they are connected to each other and have a logical flow.
Chunking content, whether for microlearning or an e-learning course, factors for the limitations of our short-term memory because pieces of information are easier to remember. As for the learning designer, organization of content becomes easier.
Chunking however is not just dividing content into small pieces, there is more to this. It is actually structuring the content in a logical way. Content is divided into smaller sections at the course and screen levels. As an instructional designer, you have to consider the limitations of the course, the screen, and how much text it can accommodate. The nature of the content determines the strategies that can be used to group the information.
Before you get started with chunking, it is necessary to classify and prioritize content. You should be able to discern what content is important and what is not. This will help you get rid of unnecessary content and prevent loading your learners with useless or irrelevant information.
Once you have decided on the content, it is important to organize it. A chunking map or an outline will help you in this where you can categorize the content and break it down into relevant groups. This will ensure that you chunk with coherence in mind where each chunk will contain similar ideas that will focus on a specific concept or theme. One way to do this is to put the chunks of information in a sequential order.
When chunking the content at screen level avoid putting too much information on a single screen. This will be an overload on the memory of learners because they can on an average hold on to only to three to five chunks of information at a certain point of time. Ideally the screen should have a limit of three to four main ideas.
If the content is familiar to the learners, you can have more information; otherwise you can stick to one idea per screen to create a better impact. Assess you learners before deciding on how much information you want to include in the screen.
The chunks of content should be short so that you can limit yourself to the most essential information and express them in as few words as possible. Limit the content to paragraphs of no more than three to four sentences. This will help learners better absorb the information and you can avoid cramming too much information on a single screen.
When chunking content, remember that formatting is important to avoid making it appear as 'heavy' blocks of text. Formatting options can be dividing the content into bullet points, subheadings, or numbered lists. Use a lot of white space to make it easy to scan or read the content. The titles, headings and subheadings should be easy to understand and catch the attention of the learner.
The working memory of your learners should be considered when chunking. Giving learners text-heavy and time-consuming content will be taxing because they are required to process the information as soon as they receive it. So provide short and relevant information. Irrelevant content can affect the learning process and decrease retention levels.
Content chunking requires careful thought and execution because it affects the quality and impact of your e-learning course. What are your views on content chunking? Do share them with us.


text:
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Nomad_Mystic
 * Date: 12/3/2015
 * Time: 5:42 PM
 */

class AnimalSet extends EndangeredSpeciesSet
{
    const TYPE = 0;
    const COMMON_NAME = 1;
    const SCIENCE_NAME = 2;
    const DESCRIPTION = 3;
    const IMAGE_FIELD = 4;
    const THUMB = 5;
    const ID = 6;
    const URL = 7;

    function __construct($type)
    {
        $this->mRecords = [];
        $db = new mysqli(DB_SERVER, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_DATABASE);
        $safe_type = $db->real_escape_string($type);

        $query = <<<QUERY
SELECT *
FROM animals
WHERE type = '$safe_type';
QUERY;
        $results = $db->query($query);
        $records = $results->fetch_all(MYSQLI_NUM);

        foreach ($records as $recs) {
           $type_records = new EndangeredSpeciesRecord(
                $recs[AnimalSet::TYPE],
                $recs[AnimalSet::COMMON_NAME],
                $recs[AnimalSet::SCIENCE_NAME],
                $recs[AnimalSet::DESCRIPTION],
                $recs[AnimalSet::IMAGE_FIELD],
                $recs[AnimalSet::THUMB],
                $recs[AnimalSet::ID],
                $recs[AnimalSet::URL]
           );
           $this->mRecords[] = $type_records;
        }
    } // End __construct
} // End animalSet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hintz scores 2, Dallas beats St. Louis 3-2 in overtime
NHL Headlines
Varlamov sharp as Isles blank Bruins 1-0
Jackets hold off Red Wings for 1st win
IIHF pulls hockey worlds from Belarus
Penguins beat Capitals in SO for 1st win
Yandle gets 100th goal in Panthers' win
Flames' Markstrom shuts out former team
Thornton scores 1st for Leafs in win
Wild rally, defeat Kings in OT again
Knights score late, edge Ducks in OT
Petry, Tatar score 2 as Habs top Oilers
(AP Photo/Jeff Roberson)
By WARREN MAYES
ST. LOUIS (AP) Style points don't matter to the Dallas Stars' Roope Hintz. Results do.
Hintz scored the game-winner at 2:19 of overtime and finished with two goals, leading the Stars to a 3-2 victory over the St. Louis Blues on Saturday night.
Hintz flipped in a wrist shot from the top of the right faceoff circle for the winner and his 17th goal of the season. Miro Heiskanen dropped the puck to Hintz and his shot beat St. Louis goalie Jordan Binnington through the legs.
"I couldn't even see where it went, but it went in so it's good," Hintz said. '"'I just tried to get in on the net. I was really tired."
Jamie Benn also scored for Dallas, which improved to 10-5 in overtime.
Anton Khudobin made 23 saves. He faced St. Louis for the first time this season and improved to 3-0-1 against the Blues.
Colton Parayko scored two first-period goals for the Blues. It was the third multi-goal game in Parayko's career and first since Dec. 14, 2018, at Colorado.
Binnington had 31 saves and St. Louis fell to 7-9 in overtime.
"I don't think he liked that last goal," St. Louis coach Craig Berube said of Binnington. "I thought he was good tonight. For the most part, he played a solid game."
Dallas played without interim coach Rick Bowness, who missed the game due to illness. Assistant coach John Stevens directed the club.
"I think the guys rallied around Bones (Bowness). I think they have an enormous amount of respect for him and how much he cares and how much passion he has," Stevens said. "I think they really dug in. Especially for him. It was a tough situation, but the group deserves a lot of credit. It's a tough turnaround back-to-back against a very good hockey team and they dug in and found a way to win. It's a big two points going home."
Dallas lost Friday at home to Minnesota. The Stars blew a two-goal lead and allowed the game-winning goal with 27 seconds left.
"That really stung. I think it was really important that our group bounced back and got points on the board," Stevens said.
The Blues are 2-5-2 in their last nine games but still lead the Central Division. Colorado is in second place, five points back of the Blues while Dallas is in third place trailing St. Louis by six points.
"Sometimes you don't get things going your way," St. Louis captain Alex Pietrangelo said. "Sometimes, the hockey gods test you. We're getting opportunities and chances. We've just got to put them in. We've got to get some wins here. Teams are trying to catch us."
The Blues fell to 2-1 against the Stars this season and are 6-4-0 over the last 10 meetings (including the postseason).
Parayko scored a power-play goal at 7:18 of the first , giving St. Louis an early lead. Vince Dunn fed Parayko, who sent a slap shot from the left faceoff circle over the shoulder of Khudobin.
The Blues made it 2-0 when Parakyo scored on a slap shot from the top of the right faceoff circle at 10:49. It was Parayko's fourth goal in his last three games.
Dallas cashed in on its second power-play opportunity, when Benn redirected a shot by Mattias Janmark at 17:48, cutting the deficit to 2-1. It was Benn's first goal in six games and his 15th of the season.
'They're a great team. Stanley Cup champs," Benn said. "We have good games against them. Good battles. We're a tight-knit group and once again adversity did not phase us today."
Hintz scored on a wrist shot from the top of the slot at 13:25, tying the game at 2-all in the second period.
"We got a point," Berube said. "They play a heavy game."
NOTES: St. Louis Blues announced before the game they will retire Hall of Famer Chris Pronger's No. 44 jersey next season. Pronger, a five-time all-star, will be the eighth Blue in franchise history to have his number retired. He will join Al MacInnis (No. 2), Bob Gassoff (No. 3), Bob Plager (No. 5), Barclay Plager (No. 8), Brian Sutter (No. 11), Brett Hull (No. 16) and Bernie Federko (No. 24). Pronger, wearing his jersey, and his wife and three children were brought onto the ice for a ceremonial puck drop. ... Stars' RW Alexander Radulov (upper body injury) missed the game Saturday. He got hurt in the second period Friday in a home loss to Minnesota. Radulov collided with teammate Denis Gurianov and did not return. ... Blues D Alex Pietrangelo played in his 744th career game, moving into a tie with Brett Hull for fifth on the Blues' all-time list. ... Stars LW Benn played in his 800th NHL game.
Stars: Host Carolina Hurricanes on Tuesday.
Blues: Play Tuesday at Anaheim Ducks.
More AP NHL: https://apnews.com/NHL and https://twitter.com/AP-Sports


text:
Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers
Legible Natives: Making Native Women Visible in the Literary Arts
Penelope M. Kelsey
Legible Natives:Making Native Women Visible in the Literary Arts
This essay holds integral the assumption that any analysis of Native American women's literary traditions must consider intersections of the political and the literary, as before and since contact, stories have been the primary means of knowledge keeping and an important mode for asserting sovereignty. By itself the seemingly simple act of Native people telling stories, with its implicit insistence that those truths obtain, is political, because Native stories refuse to conform to benign narratives of settler colonialism that safely situate Natives in the past. In fact, Native people, especially Native women, must work continually to resist what Lisa Kahaleole Hall has termed "strategies of erasure" that work to conceal the Native and the female in imperial optics.
This essay considers past and present Native women authors and storytellers who told their stories, insisted upon being made visible on the page, and made the Indigenous origins and underpinnings of those stories plainly evident. Following current practice in Native American and Indigenous studies, I use the term Native to include all indigenous peoples, whom I define as those whose traditional territories have been usurped by settler populations and who have remained disempowered, antagonistically educated, underfed, and pauperized in their own land via settler colonialisms that Patrick Wolfe has rightly identified as "structure" and not "event" (388). Throughout this essay, I will make conscious connections to important trends in areas not traditionally understood in American literary critical circles to be germane to American Indian studies scholarship; as I do, I will explain their relationships to the field and how their contributions apply to the literatures studied by readers of Legacy. Thus, while acknowledging the sovereigntist roots of many of these texts, [End Page 198] this essay engages the strategies of a transnational Native American studies, as defined by Hsinya Huang, Philip Deloria, Laura Furlan, and John Gamber, by connecting the Native American to the Native Hawaiian to the Alaska Native and so on (1–3). The term sovereigntist denotes those scholars (and their texts) who self-identify as nationalist with a core emphasis upon advancing Native sovereignty (that is, self-determination); this impulse constitutes a distinct and predominant strand in Native American literary criticism at present, as evident in work by Lisa Brooks, Daniel Justice, Robert Warrior, Craig Womack, and many others. I am also alive to the fact that my translation of my field to Legacy readers reiterates a pattern, from contact to the present, of Native women writers and storytellers making legible their unique experiences and histories to non-Natives; these educative moments of translation are important for continually rendering the Native visible in a nation that imagines itself as possible only via Natives' disappearance.
kellogg and bonnin: politics, networks, letters, and literature
Literature shall be my life work, and its aim shall be to benefit my people. Laura Cornelius Kellogg, "One Indian Maiden: Her Literary Plans for the Uplifting of Her Race"
As scholars have made clear since Native American literary studies emerged as a distinct field in the 1970s and 1980s, Native American women's writing is often inherently political, and attempts to enforce apoliticism would render it meaningless and extraneous. Native women write with a keen awareness of the unique history of Native American political structures of governance, the obfuscation of deep and rich intellectual traditions, the erasure of histories acknowledging the sacrifice of the indigene upon which the settler colonial state is predicated, and the necessity of organizing and speaking from the space of Indigenous political consciousness (that is, sovereignty and resurgence), whether based in traditional governance structures or in the non-Native governmental forms intentionally imposed upon Native peoples via and through the treaty and reservation confinement periods. A range of recently published works on Native American women writers highlights exactly these thematics of the political and the literary. Kristina Ackley and Cristina Stanciu's scholarly edition of Laura Cornelius Kellogg's Our Democracy and the American Indian and Other Works is one such volume, exploring an oft-overlooked but integral and arguably paramount figure in pre-1930 American Indian literary and political [End Page 199] circles. Born in 1880...
Buy Complete Digital Issue for $34.00 (USD)


Perhaps the most challenging part of self-publishing is getting people to buy your books. Today, its easy to self-publish small batch books as small as one. Bill turned to his long time friend and programming expert Chip Lowell to develop a simple website to facilitate the project. You have to make a decision between a black and white cookbook which is affordable but lacks sales appeal or do what I did for my last book and opt for a color eBook.
Over a wonderful summertime family meal on Cape Cod, Bill and some of his family decided to create a family cookbook. It turns out, one of the key ways to find fulfillment is to make choices that align with our values. Memories are forever with family cookbooks.
Samsung Corby II e compativel com WhatsApp Messenger.
Whats a family cookbook editor to do. Blurb offers very easy publishing tools for those who want to self-publish cookbooks. So many of our best memories center around food, dont they.


We are gamers. Here's what we love to play.
Kinguin is one of the rare places where everyone around the office is a gamer. However, every gamer is different, so when we decided to take a poll and see what's our top 10 games of the year, we didn't expect these results.
But before we go to the countdown, let's seee a couple of honorable mentions that got voted for, but didn't make it to the top 10.
Some of us really loved: Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire, Katamari Damacy REROLL, Forza Horizon 4, Mega Man 11, Super Mario Party, Guacamelee! 2, Spyro Reignited Trilogy, Darksiders III and Celeste. Congratulations to their creators – these are superb titles.
But now, the absolute best of the best. Without any commentary, since everyone had their personal reasons for choosing each of the titles below, and we don't feel we should bring them down to a couple of shallow, generic arguments. Enjoy!
Do you agree wiht our choices? Would you rather see other titles up there? What's your own top 10? Share your best games of 2018 below!
Doom 3: How One Flashlight Changed... Everything!


The Air Force will maintain 12 combat-coded B-1 bombers in each of its three operational B-1 squadrons in Texas and South Dakota in order to comply with a mandate in H.R. 4310, the Fiscal 2013 defense policy act, announced service officials last week. The legislation directed the Air Force to maintain no less than 36 combat-coded B-1s as part of a fleet of some 60 total B-1s. That mandate will require the Air Force to keep three B-1s in service that were slated for retirement, stated service officials in the plan issued on March 28 that details how the Air Force will implement all of the Fiscal 2013 force structure changes directed by Congress. "We will maintain all 36 aircraft in flyable, combat-coded condition, but will not use the three additional aircraft at the full operational rate due to the repurposing of manpower authorizations previously associated with the three aircraft," states the plan. The three B-1 operational units are the 9th Bomb Squadron at Dyess AFB, Tex., and the 34th BS and 37th BS at Ellsworth AFB, S.D.


text:
#ifndef __RAKNET_DEFINES_H
#define __RAKNET_DEFINES_H

// If you want to change these defines, put them in RakNetDefinesOverrides so your changes are not lost when updating RakNet
// The user should not edit this file
#include "RakNetDefinesOverrides.h"

/// Define __GET_TIME_64BIT to have RakNet::TimeMS use a 64, rather than 32 bit value.  A 32 bit value will overflow after about 5 weeks.
/// However, this doubles the bandwidth use for sending times, so don't do it unless you have a reason to.
/// Comment out if you are using the iPod Touch TG. See http://www.jenkinssoftware.com/forum/index.php?topic=2717.0
/// This must be the same on all systems, or they won't connect
#ifndef __GET_TIME_64BIT
#define __GET_TIME_64BIT 1
#endif

// Define _FILE_AND_LINE_ to "",0 if you want to strip out file and line info for memory tracking from the EXE
#ifndef _FILE_AND_LINE_
#define _FILE_AND_LINE_ __FILE__,__LINE__
#endif

/// Define __BITSTREAM_NATIVE_END to NOT support endian swapping in the BitStream class.  This is faster and is what you should use
/// unless you actually plan to have different endianness systems connect to each other
/// Enabled by default.
// #define __BITSTREAM_NATIVE_END

/// Maximum (stack) size to use with _alloca before using new and delete instead.
#ifndef MAX_ALLOCA_STACK_ALLOCATION
#define MAX_ALLOCA_STACK_ALLOCATION 1048576
#endif

// Use WaitForSingleObject instead of sleep.
// Defining it plays nicer with other systems, and uses less CPU, but gives worse RakNet performance
// Undefining it uses more CPU time, but is more responsive and faster.
#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#define USE_WAIT_FOR_MULTIPLE_EVENTS
#endif

/// Uncomment to use RakMemoryOverride for custom memory tracking
/// See RakMemoryOverride.h.
#ifndef _USE_RAK_MEMORY_OVERRIDE
#define _USE_RAK_MEMORY_OVERRIDE 0
#endif

/// If defined, OpenSSL is enabled for the class TCPInterface
/// This is necessary to use the SendEmail class with Google POP servers
/// Note that OpenSSL carries its own license restrictions that you should be aware of. If you don't agree, don't enable this define
/// This also requires that you enable header search paths to DependentExtensions\openssl-1.0.0d
// #define OPEN_SSL_CLIENT_SUPPORT
#ifndef OPEN_SSL_CLIENT_SUPPORT
#define OPEN_SSL_CLIENT_SUPPORT 0
#endif

/// Threshold at which to do a malloc / free rather than pushing data onto a fixed stack for the bitstream class
/// Arbitrary size, just picking something likely to be larger than most packets
#ifndef BITSTREAM_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE
#define BITSTREAM_STACK_ALLOCATION_SIZE 256
#endif

// Redefine if you want to disable or change the target for debug RAKNET_DEBUG_PRINTF
#ifndef RAKNET_DEBUG_PRINTF
#define RAKNET_DEBUG_PRINTF printf
#endif

// Maximum number of local IP addresses supported
#ifndef MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INTERNAL_IDS
#define MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_INTERNAL_IDS 10
#endif

#ifndef RakAssert

#if   defined(__native_client__)
#define RakAssert(x)
#else
#if defined(_DEBUG)
#define RakAssert(x) assert(x);
#else
#define RakAssert(x)
#endif
#endif
#endif

/// This controls the amount of memory used per connection.
/// This many datagrams are tracked by datagramNumber. If more than this many datagrams are sent, then an ack for an older datagram would be ignored
/// This results in an unnecessary resend in that case
#ifndef DATAGRAM_MESSAGE_ID_ARRAY_LENGTH
#define DATAGRAM_MESSAGE_ID_ARRAY_LENGTH 512
#endif

/// This is the maximum number of reliable user messages that can be on the wire at a time
/// If this is too low, then high ping connections with a large throughput will be underutilized
/// This will be evident because RakNetStatistics::messagesInSend buffer will increase over time, yet at the same time the outgoing bandwidth per second is less than your connection supports
#ifndef RESEND_BUFFER_ARRAY_LENGTH
#define RESEND_BUFFER_ARRAY_LENGTH 512
#define RESEND_BUFFER_ARRAY_MASK 511
#endif

/// Uncomment if you want to link in the DLMalloc library to use with RakMemoryOverride
// #define _LINK_DL_MALLOC

#ifndef GET_TIME_SPIKE_LIMIT
/// Workaround for http://support.microsoft.com/kb/274323
/// If two calls between RakNet::GetTime() happen farther apart than this time in microseconds, this delta will be returned instead
/// Note: This will cause ID_TIMESTAMP to be temporarily inaccurate if you set a breakpoint that pauses the UpdateNetworkLoop() thread in RakPeer
/// Define in RakNetDefinesOverrides.h to enable (non-zero) or disable (0)
#define GET_TIME_SPIKE_LIMIT 0
#endif

// Use sliding window congestion control instead of ping based congestion control
#ifndef USE_SLIDING_WINDOW_CONGESTION_CONTROL
#define USE_SLIDING_WINDOW_CONGESTION_CONTROL 1
#endif

// When a large message is arriving, preallocate the memory for the entire block
// This results in large messages not taking up time to reassembly with memcpy, but is vulnerable to attackers causing the host to run out of memory
#ifndef PREALLOCATE_LARGE_MESSAGES
#define PREALLOCATE_LARGE_MESSAGES 0
#endif

#ifndef RAKNET_SUPPORT_IPV6
#define RAKNET_SUPPORT_IPV6 0
#endif

#ifndef RAKSTRING_TYPE
#if defined(_UNICODE)
#define RAKSTRING_TYPE RakWString
#define RAKSTRING_TYPE_IS_UNICODE 1
#else
#define RAKSTRING_TYPE RakString
#define RAKSTRING_TYPE_IS_UNICODE 0
#endif
#endif

#ifndef RPC4_GLOBAL_REGISTRATION_MAX_FUNCTIONS
#define RPC4_GLOBAL_REGISTRATION_MAX_FUNCTIONS 48
#endif

#ifndef RPC4_GLOBAL_REGISTRATION_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME_LENGTH
#define RPC4_GLOBAL_REGISTRATION_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME_LENGTH 48
#endif

#ifndef XBOX_BYPASS_SECURITY
#define XBOX_BYPASS_SECURITY 1
#endif

// Controls how many allocations occur at once for the memory pool of incoming datagrams waiting to be transferred between the recvfrom thread and the main update thread
// Has large effect on memory usage, per instance of RakPeer. Approximately MAXIMUM_MTU_SIZE*BUFFERED_PACKETS_PAGE_SIZE bytes, once after calling RakPeer::Startup()
#ifndef BUFFERED_PACKETS_PAGE_SIZE
#define BUFFERED_PACKETS_PAGE_SIZE 8
#endif

// Controls how many allocations occur at once for the memory pool of incoming or outgoing datagrams.
// Has small effect on memory usage per connection. Uses about 256 bytes*INTERNAL_PACKET_PAGE_SIZE per connection
#ifndef INTERNAL_PACKET_PAGE_SIZE
#define INTERNAL_PACKET_PAGE_SIZE 8
#endif

// If defined to 1, the user is responsible for calling RakPeer::RunUpdateCycle and RakPeer::RunRecvfrom
#ifndef RAKPEER_USER_THREADED
#define RAKPEER_USER_THREADED 0
#endif

#ifndef USE_ALLOCA
#define USE_ALLOCA 1
#endif

//#define USE_THREADED_SEND

#endif // __RAKNET_DEFINES_H


text:
Genetic Characteristics and Clonal Dissemination of β-Lactamase-Negative Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Strains Isolated from the Upper Respiratory Tract of Patients in Japan
Muneki Hotomi, Keiji Fujihara, Dewan S. Billal, Kenji Suzuki, Tadao Nishimura, Shunkichi Baba, Noboru Yamanaka
Muneki Hotomi
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
Keiji Fujihara
Dewan S. Billal
Kenji Suzuki
Surveillance Subcommittee, Japan Society for Infectious Diseases in OtolaryngologyDepartment of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
Tadao Nishimura
Surveillance Subcommittee, Japan Society for Infectious Diseases in Otolaryngology
Shunkichi Baba
Noboru Yamanaka
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanSurveillance Subcommittee, Japan Society for Infectious Diseases in Otolaryngology
For correspondence: ynobi@wakayama-med.ac.jp
We evaluated the recent prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolated from the upper respiratory tracts (URT) of patients in Japan. Mutations in the ftsI gene, which encodes penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3), and the clonal dissemination of the resistant strains were also investigated. A total of 264 H. influenzae isolates were collected from patients with URT infections. According to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for the susceptibility of H. influenzae to ampicillin (AMP), the isolates were distributed as follows: 161 (61.0%) susceptible strains (MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml), 37 (14.0%) intermediately resistant strains (MIC = 2 μg/ml), and 66 (25.0%) resistant strains (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). According to PCR-based genotyping, 172 (65.1%) of the isolates had mutations in the ftsI gene and were negative for the β-lactamase (bla) gene. These 172 isolates were thus defined as genetically β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (gBLNAR) strains. The ftsI mutant group included 98 (37.1%) strains with group I/II mutations in the variable mutated region (group I/II gBLNAR) and 74 (28.0%) strains with group III mutations in the highly mutated region (group III gBLNAR). Eighty-seven (33.0%) of the isolates were genetically β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible (gBLNAS) strains. The group III gBLNAR strains showed resistance to β-lactams. Only five strains (1.9%) were positive for a bla gene encoding TEM-type β-lactamase. The three clusters consisting of 16 strains found among the 61 BLNAR strains (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml and without the bla gene) showed identical or closely related DNA restriction fragment patterns. Those isolates were frequently identified among strains with a MIC to AMP of 16 μg/ml. The current study demonstrates the apparent dissemination and spread of a resistant clone of H. influenzae among medical centers in Japan. The gBLNAR strains show a remarkable prevalence among H. influenzae isolates, with the prevalence increasing with time. This fact should be taken into account when treating URT infections.
Haemophilus influenzae is a frequently isolated bacterium responsible for various infections of the respiratory tract, including acute otitis media, sinusitis, acute purulent exacerbation of bronchitis, and pneumonia (14, 23, 29, 34). Since the first reports of ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae in the United States in 1974, the major mechanism of antimicrobial resistances of H. influenzae has been considered to be related to either TEM-1 or ROB-1 types of β-lactamase (4-6, 35). The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing strains in the United States has increased progressively: up to 15.2% in 1983 and 1984, 36.4% in 1994 and 1995, and 31.3% in 1997 and 1998 (4-6). The issue was further complicated in the 1980s by the identification of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin (AMP)-resistant (BLNAR) strains (21). The BLNAR strains generally continued to be isolated at low frequencies in the 1980s (24, 25). However, a surveillance study conducted in Japan in the 1990s showed a marked 19.5% increase in the frequency of BLNAR strains (28). Systematic surveillance studies are essential tools in the effort to define trends in the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria.
The mechanism of resistance in the BLNAR strains involves decreased affinities of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) for β-lactam antibiotics (26, 30). Among the several PBPs of H. influenzae, alterations in PBP3-mediating septal peptidoglycan synthesis during cell division are essential for developing resistance (2, 4). Recent studies characterizing mutations of the ftsI gene encoding PBP3 classified the BLNAR strains into three groups based on deduced amino acid substitutions (36). These are the group I strains, with the substitution of Arg-517 for His-517 (Arg-517-His) near the conserved Lys-Thr-Gly (KTG) motif; the group II strains, with the substitution Asn-526-Lys; and the group III strains, with the substitution of three amino acid residues (Met-377, Ser-385, and Leu-389) positioned near the conserved Ser-Ser-Asn (SNN) motif for Ile-377, Thr-385, and Phe-389, respectively, in addition to the substitution Asn-526-Lys (3, 9, 10, 17, 36). Group II BLNAR strains were further divided into four subgroups: subgroup IIa, with the substitution Asn-526-Lys without the substitution for Ala-502; subgroup IIb, with the substitution Val-502-Ala; subgroup IIc, with the substitution Thr-502-Ala; and subgroup IId, with the substitution Val-449-Ile. Of the various missense mutations of the ftsI gene, resistance to β-lactam antibiotics largely depends on the substitutions Arg-517-His, Asp-526-Lys, Ser-385-Thr, and Leu-589-Phe. Intermediate AMP resistance is commonly found in groups I and II; however, isolates in group III are associated with a higher level of AMP resistance (3, 10, 36).
In 2003, the Japanese Society of Infectious Diseases in Otolaryngology conducted its fourth nationwide surveillance to define the causative pathogens of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) and their contemporary resistance status in Japan. In this report, we present the first part of the surveillance data regarding H. influenzae, including the genetic characteristics and the clonal pattern of BLNAR strains.
(This work was presented at the 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington, DC, 16 to 19 December 2005.)
Populations.Between January and May 2003, the Japanese Society of Infectious Diseases in Otolaryngology conducted the fourth nationwide surveillance of the bacterial pathogens responsible for otolaryngological infections. Informed consent was obtained from patients or their parents or guardians according to the guidelines of the institutional review board on clinical samples. Duplicate isolates from the same patients were excluded from the study to prevent repeated isolates.
Identification of H. influenzae.Specimens were collected aseptically with small cotton swabs and placed in an anaerobic transport jar (Eiken Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan). All strains were identified at the Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan). H. influenzae strains were identified and confirmed by colony morphology, Gram staining, growth in chocolate agar but not in blood agar, the catalase test, and the X and V factor requirement. Production of β-lactamase was examined using a nitrocefinase disc (Nippon Becton Dickinson Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Until the study began, the isolates were stocked in litmus milk broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) containing 10% glycerol at −80°C. Serotyping of H. influenzae was determined by a slide agglutination procedure using type b antiserum (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan). The method used to identify H. influenzae in this study could not accurately distinguish these strains from Haemophilus haemolyticus. Thus, some of the H. influenzae strains may in fact be H. haemolyticus (27).
Antimicrobial susceptibility.Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by measuring the isolates' MICs at Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories using the broth microdilution method according to the procedure set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2a). The 10 antibiotics tested in this study were AMP, clavulanate-amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, cefditoren, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, azithromycin, telithromycin, levofloxacin, and meropenem. The breakpoints recommended by the CLSI were used to define susceptibility patterns.
PCR-based genotyping.The oligonucleotide primers used in this study are listed in Table 1. Primers for the ftsI gene were used to amplify both the variable mutated locus (Asn-526 or Arg-517; primer set PBP3-S) and a highly mutated locus (Ser-385; primer set PBP3-BLN) (9, 11, 30). To determine the strain having a β-lactamase gene, the bla locus was amplified by specific primers (9). To confirm that the isolated pathogen was H. influenzae, the P6 gene was identified (9). Outer membrane protein P6 is a member of the class of outer membrane proteins known as peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins, which are highly conserved among H. influenzae isolates. To identify the type b H. influenzae strain, the cps b locus, which encodes type b capsular polysaccharides, was examined by PCR (9). A single colony of H. influenzae on chocolate agar plates was lysed in 30 μl of lysis solution (1 M Tris, pH 8.9, 4.5% [vol/vol] NP-40, 4.5% [vol/vol] Tween 20, and 10 mg/ml proteinase K) for 10 min at 60°C and for 5 min at 94°C in a programmable thermal cycler (Gene Amp PCR System 9700; Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT). The reaction mixture (total volume, 50-μl) consisted of 2 μl of bacterial lysate, 0.8 μl of a 10 mM deoxynucleoside triphosphate mixture, 0.1 μl of Taq DNA polymerase, 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer, 0.5 μl of 25 mM MgCl2, 5.0 μl Q-solution (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA), and 0.125 μl (100 μM) each of primer and distilled water. The mixture was subjected to denaturation at 94°C for 10 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C for 30 s, and extension at 72°C for 30 s, and then further extension at 72°C for 10 min. The amplified DNA fragments were analyzed using 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. On the basis of the PCR-based genotyping, the H. influenzae strains were classified into four genotypes: genetically β-lactamase-negative AMP-susceptible (gBLNAS) strains, without amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene and β-lactamase (bla) gene; genetically BLNAR (gBLNAR) strains, with an amino acid substitution in the ftsI gene; genetically β-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant (gBLPAR) strains, with the bla gene but without an amino acid substitution in the ftsI gene; and genetically β-lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant (gBLPACR), with the bla gene and an amino acid substitution in the ftsI gene. The gBLNAR strains were further divided into two subgroups: group I/II gBLNAR strains, with an amino acid substitution in the variable mutated locus of ftsI (at Asn-526 or Arg-517), and group III gBLNAR strains, with an amino acid substitution in the highly mutated locus of ftsI (at Ser-385). The strains positive for the bla gene were also further divided into three groups based on amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene: strains with group I/II amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene (group I/II gBLPACR), strains with group III amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene (group III gBLPACR), and strains without amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene (BLPAR) (Fig. 1). In this study, we have designated PCR-based genotypes gBLNAS, gBLNAR, gBLPACR, and gBLPAR to distinguish them from phenotypes, which are written without the introductory "g."
PCR-based genotypes of H. influenzae. Lane 1, P6 gene encoding outer membrane protein P6; lane 2, bla; lane 3, pbp3-S; lane 4, pbp3-BLN; lane *, cps b encoding type b capsular polysaccharides. MM, molecular weight marker.
Oligonucleotide primers used in this study
DNA restriction fragment polymorphism analyzed by PFGE.The restriction fragment polymorphisms of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA from H. influenzae isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (12). PFGE patterns were analyzed by using Fingerprinting software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA).
Characteristics of H. influenzae isolates.A total of 264 H. influenzae isolates were collected from 264 patients during the period of surveillance. The patients ranged in age from 0 to 83 years old, with 143 males and 121 females (Table 2). Among the isolates, 66 (25.0%) were from middle ear fluid, 77 (29.1%) were from the nasopharynges of patients with acute otitis media, 58 (22.0%) were from the crypts of the palatine tonsils of patients with pharyngotonsillitis, and 63 (23.9%) were from the nasal discharges or sinus aspirates of patients with acute rhinosinusitis. The isolates from middle ear fluid, sinus aspirates, and tonsillar crypts represented true infections, while the remaining isolates from the nasopharynx and nasal discharge might have represented colonization of the upper airway. There were 37 (14.0%) isolates collected in university hospitals, 84 (31.8%) collected in general hospitals, and 143 (54.2%) collected in private clinics.
Sources of clinical isolates of H. influenzae
Out of the 264 H. influenzae isolates, 259 (98.1%) were bla gene negative. Only five (1.9%) strains had bla genes encoding TEM-type β-lactamase. According to the criteria for the susceptibility of H. influenzae to AMP set forth by the CLSI, the 259 strains negative for the bla gene were divided into three groups: 161 (62.2%) susceptible strains (MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml), 37 (14.3%) intermediately resistant strains (MIC = 2 μg/ml), and 61 (23.5%) resistant strains (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). Serotype b H. influenzae was identified in only two isolates. The phenotypic and genotypic tests completely agreed as to species level identification, β-lactamase production, and capsular type. There were no significant differences in the distributions of resistant strains based on gender, age, disease, and type of clinic.
PCR-based genotypes and susceptibility to AMP.The prevalence of each PCR-based genotype among the 264 H. influenzae isolates was as follows: 87 (33.0%) were gBLNAS strains, 98 (37.0%) were group I/II gBLNAR strains, 74 (28.0%) were group III gBLNAR strains, 1 (0.4%) was a group I/II gBLPACR strain, 2 (0.8%) were group III gBLPACR strains, and 2 (0.8%) were gBLPAR strains (Table 3). Forty-nine strains (18.6%) had group I/II mutations apparently affecting PBP3, although their AMP MICs were at or below the CLSI susceptible breakpoint. The MIC50s of AMP for the group I/II gBLNAR strains were similar to those for the gBLNAS strains, while the MIC90s of AMP for the group I/II gBLNAR strains were higher than those for the gBLNAS strains. The MIC50s and MIC90s of AMP for the group III gBLNAR strains were 8 times and 32 times higher than those for the gBLNAS isolates, respectively.
Correlation between PCR-based genotyping and susceptibility to AMP
PCR-based genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities to other antibiotics.The susceptibilities of gBLNAS and gBLNAR isolates of H. influenzae to other antibiotics are listed in Table 4. Most of the gBLNAS isolates were susceptible to β-lactams and exhibited relatively reduced susceptibilities (MIC50 = 8 μg/ml) to clarithromycin. On the other hand, the MIC50s of clavulanate-amoxicillin and cephalosporin for the group III gBLNAR isolates were 4 to 64 times higher than those for gBLNAS isolates. Most of the group III gBLNAR isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, telithromycin, and meropenem. Among cephalosporins, cefditoren was the most active agent tested, with a MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml for the group III gBLNAR isolates, respectively. The group I/II gBLNAR isolates usually showed susceptibilities similar to those of the gBLNAS isolates. Levofloxacin was the most potent antimicrobial agent against H. influenzae isolates.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of H. influenzae isolates to other antibiotics according to PCR-based genotypes
Genetic distribution of BLNAR strains by PFGE.PFGE was used to evaluate the clonal disseminations of the BLNAR strains by detecting the restriction enzyme polymorphism of chromosomal DNA. PFGE analysis of the 61 BLNAR isolates showed that 16 (26.3%) isolates shared either identical or highly similar (≥80%) banding patterns (Fig. 2). Both of these clusters had MICs to AMP of 4 μg/ml and were bla negative. One cluster (cluster A) was made up of a group I/II gBLNAR strain and its related clones, which mostly showed MICs to AMP of 16 μg/ml. Another cluster (cluster B; 100% identical) was a group III gBLNAR strain and its related clones, which mostly showed MICs to AMP of 4 to 8 μg/ml. The last cluster (cluster C) had five isolates, and all shared ≥80% pattern similarity. In contrast to strains with MICs to AMP of 16 μg/ml, most of strains with MICs to AMP of 4 to 8 μg/ml showed various PFGE patterns (similarity ≤ 70%). All of the BLNAR strains in the three clusters were isolated in different clinics and different places in Japan.
Genetic identity and/or high relatedness among BLNAR isolates. PFGE dendrogram (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means) of 61 BLNAR strains (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). Dice coefficients are shown above the dendrogram. Isolates with ≥80% relatedness on the dendrogram are considered highly genetically related.
The BLNAR strains of H. influenzae are becoming the latest problem for medical doctors who have to deal with the antimicrobial resistance of H. influenzae (7, 16). In the current surveillance, we focused on BLNAR strains isolated from the URT and investigated the clonal dissemination of the resistant strains in Japan. The BLNAR strains were identified in 25.0% of H. influenzae samples isolated from the URT, with H. influenzae strains having the bla gene being identified in only five (1.9%) isolates. Interestingly, in the United States and Europe, the BLNAR strains were uncommon and represented less than 1 to 2% of H. influenzae strains until the early 1990s, with their prevalence gradually increasing from 2.5% in 1994 to 10.1% 1995 (4-6, 16). In Japan, the BLNAR strains were not identified before 1984 and then had a prevalence of only 2.1% in 1988 and 5.0% in 1991 (32). The strains with MICs for AMP of 1.0 μg/ml then increased from 23.1% to 37.8% from 1996 to 1999 (32). Furthermore, a prospective prevalence study in Japan in 1999 showed that 55.1% of the H. influenzae strains were BLNAS, 3% were BLPAR, 26.4% were intermediate-resistant strains, and 13.2% were BLNAR (35). The increase in the percentage of BLNAR strains has led to serious problems in the treatment of infectious disease in Japan (26, 31-33). Unfortunately, there is still limited information about the precise prevalence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
The detection of BLNAR strains with decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams is controversial. The CLSI definition of BLNAR strains consists of those strains with no detectable β-lactamase and with MICs for AMP of 4 μg/ml. Strains with MICs for AMP of 2 μg/ml are defined as having intermediate, or indeterminate, resistance because such strains can show themselves to be susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to AMP if retested another day or by another method. There is no universal consensus concerning the breakpoint of BLNAR, with several different values having been proposed (1, 15). Kim et al. reported antimicrobial susceptibilities by Etest and showed reduced susceptibilities to AMP (256 μg/ml) for BLNAR strains (18). However, the Etest sometimes fails to exhibit the actual MIC, especially for BLNAR strains, while the test is useful to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of BLNAS strains (1a). An effort to acquire a genetic understanding of the intricacies of the resistance mechanism led to the development of reliable tests for detecting BLNAS strains. Thus, in this study, we used a PCR-based method to determine H. influenzae genotypes. This method allowed us to evaluate mutations of the ftsI gene, which encodes PBP3. This, in turn, led to a better understanding of the genetic characteristics of the pathogen.
The group I/II gBLNAR strain has mutations at the Asn-526 locus in the ftsI gene. The group III gBLNAR strain has a Thr-385-Ser substitution in the ftsI gene around the SSN motif, in addition to a Lys-526 substitution that mostly affects the increases of MICs (3, 17-19, 22, 31, 36). The Asn-526 locus in the ftsI gene may not affect the PBP3 structure at the β-lactam binding site and thus may not result in phenotypic amipicillin resistance, whereas the Thr-385-Ser substitution may have a direct effect. The Asn-526 region may not represent a significant mutation site. For PCR-based genotyping, we used primers for the ftsI gene to amplify the variably mutated locus of Asn-526 in BLNAS strains and the highly mutated locus of Ser-385 frequently identified in BLNAR strains (9, 11). We found that the Asn-526 locus can be amplified in BLNAS strains while the highly mutated Ser-385 locus in the BLNAR strains failed to be amplified. On the other hand, the latter locus frequently showed similar mutations among BLNAR strains.
According to the PCR-based genotyping of H. influenzae, gBLNAR strains were highly prevalent in Japan (65.1%), and about 86.9% of gBLNAR strains were classified as group III gBLNAR. About 62.2% of intermediately AMP-resistant strains were also classified as group I/II gBLNAR strains, and about 41.6% of AMP-susceptible strains were classified as group I/II gBLNAR strains. The AMP-susceptible isolates with an amino acid substitution in the ftsI gene have the potential to develop further resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin. Group III gBLNAR strains have been proven to be absent among isolates from European countries. Since 68.4% of group I/II BLNAR strains had AMP MICs of ≤1 μg/ml in Japan, strains with group I/II substitutions may exist in Europe or the United States but not be recognized because they are phenotypically AMP susceptible. The inappropriate use of oral antibiotics for the treatment of community-acquired bronchopulmonary and URT infections appears to be responsible for the selection for BLNAR strains. The use of antibiotics might be related to the dissemination of gBLNAR strains in Japan. Some group I/II gBLNAR strains show higher MICs to AMP.
We did not evaluate the substitution Arg-517 in the ftsI gene in this study. The substitution in this locus causes an increase of the MIC, but the mutations are varied. Ubukata et al. suggested the necessity of evaluating the sequences of this locus as part of a further investigation of the correlation between genetic mutations and decreasing susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents (36).
We found that some group III gBLNAR strains exhibit a relatively high MIC to AMP (MIC = 32 μg/ml). Kaczmarek et al. suggested that BLNAR strains with mutations of the AcrAB repressor gene arcR can occur clinically and that such dual-target mutants can have higher MICs to AMP (MIC range, 8 to 16 μg/ml) (16). Further precise investigations of those BLNAR strains should be considered in future studies.
Future studies should also examine the dissemination of BLNAR strains. A previous study in the United States found that two BLNAR isolates collected from a single institution were clonal (13). A second study of 29 BLNAR isolates collected in France showed 20 unique SmaI PFGE patterns and suggested limited clonality of the BLNAR strains (8). Karlowsky et al. reported the clonal dissemination of BLNAR strains in hospital settings (17). Recent reports have suggested less clonal dissemination of the BLNAR strains (7). However, these previous reports evaluated BLNAR according to broad MIC ranges. In the current study, the PFGE profiles showed a clonal dissemination among strains with increased resistance to AMP (MIC = 16 μg/ml). There was no significant difference in the distributions of BLNAR strains according to age (data not shown), while penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae cases are predominant among young children. Although penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae shows clonal dissemination worldwide, most of the BLNAR strains in Japan are classified into nonencapsulated, nontypeable strains. In contrast to the encapsulated strains, the nonencapsulated BLNAR strains are genetically diverse and occasionally appear independently in countries, depending on the antibiotic use patterns. Selective pressures, such as frequent prescription of antibiotics, especially consumption of oral cephems, may be the impetus for the clonal dissemination of BLNAR strains. The dissemination patterns of nontypeable H. influenzae infections caused by BLNAR strains might be different from those of S. pneumoniae.
In conclusion, there is an alarming increase in Japan in the occurrence of BLNAR strains with mutations of the ftsI gene. The resistant H. influenzae pathogen will disseminate in different ways than penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Consequently, we need to continue careful surveillance for BLNAR strains of H. influenzae in patient populations and continue our efforts to understand why these antibiotic-resistant strains are becoming more prevalent. PCR-based genotyping and study of molecular characteristics bring us useful information to continue our surveillance of this resistant pathogen.
We thank the 80 university hospitals, the affiliated hospitals, and the general practitioners who provided clinical specimens for this nationwide surveillance. We also thank Levent Beder and Yuki Tatsumi, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, for their technical assistance.
This study was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (grants no. 17591797 and 17791194).
Received 28 March 2007.
↵▿ Published ahead of print on 13 August 2007.
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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2007, 51 (11) 3969-3976; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00422-07
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A Synthetic Nanofactory Inspired by Nature
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are nanoscale factories that serve a variety of functions, but share one common feature: an exterior shell made of modular protein tiles. Scientists have been keen to learn how to manipulate BMCs in the lab to design factories to do things they don't do in nature.
Credit: MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and Michigan State University (MSU), led by Cheryl Kerfeld, have created a genetically engineered shell based on natural structures and the principles of protein evolution. The new shell is smaller and simpler, made of only a single designed protein (natural BMCs are made of up to three), making it easier to work with in the lab.
The study was published in ACS Synthetic Biology. In addition to Kerfeld, an affiliate faculty scientist in Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology (EGSB) and professor in the MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, the paper's authors were: Markus Sutter, a senior research associate in EGSB; Bryan Ferlez, a postdoc in Kerfeld's MSU lab; and Sean McGuire, a former undergraduate student researcher and technician in Kerfeld's MSU lab.
Read more from the MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab.


text:
Miller, Everard Studley (1886–1956)
by Ursula Hoff
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Everard Miller, n.d.
Everard Studley Miller (1886-1956), philanthropist, was born on 24 October 1886 at Studley Park, Kew, Melbourne, younger of two sons of (Sir) Edward Miller, banker, and his wife Mary Elizabeth, née Darlot, and grandson of Henry ('Money') Miller. He was educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and at Sherborne School, Dorsetshire, England. Though he would have liked to have gone to the University of Cambridge and become a don, he followed the wishes of his father and returned to take up his position in the family business of the Bank of Victoria, probably until 1927 when the bank amalgamated. He had continued studies under (Sir) Archibald Strong, classical scholar and writer. In 1914 he joined the (Royal) Historical Society of Victoria and attended meetings of the Classical Association.
Miller collected small objets d'art and prints, particularly Arundel chromolithographs reproducing Italian Primitives. His chief interests were engineering and photography. He practised the latter from 1903, increasingly for the purpose of historical study, as an aid to preserving 'the monumental memories of early Australia'; he assembled his work in a series of albums, the first of which was called Historical Monuments in Victoria I. In the pursuit of family history and the history of pioneers he travelled extensively, first in Tasmania and later in Great Britain and Europe. Between 1914 and 1919 he joined Isaac Selby in protesting against the resumption of the old Melbourne cemetery which contained monuments to distinguished pioneers of the Port Phillip settlement.
Daryl Lindsay, from 1941 director of the National Gallery of Victoria, on whom Miller called frequently, remembered that he showed considerable interest in the administration of the Felton Bequest.
In increasingly poor health after World War II, Miller lived quietly at the family house Glyn, designed by the architect Rodney Howard Alsop, in Kooyong Road, Toorak, until his death on 5 July 1956. He was cremated with Anglican rites. A bachelor, tall and distinguished-looking, he was shy and retiring in manner, inclined to contemplation rather than business or society. His most cherished ambition took form in a will which, from an estate sworn for probate at £262,950, bequeathed property and money to the value of £170,000 to the National Gallery of Victoria, as a purchasing fund to be used for the acquisition of 'portraits of individuals of merit in history, painted, engraved or sculptured before 1800'. Purchases were made from about 1960 until 1977 when the fund was exhausted. His collection of photographic material was left to the Royal Historical Society of Victoria; the classics department of the University of Melbourne obtained a selection of his library.
U. Hoff, 'The Everard Studley Miller bequest', in A. Bradley and T. Smith (eds), Australian Art and Architecture (Melb, 1980)
Sydney Morning Herald, 19 Sept 1956.
Miller, Mary Elizabeth (mother)
Miller, Edward (father)
Wrixon, Charlotte (aunt)
Miller, Albert (uncle)
Miller, Septimus (uncle)
Darlot, Leonard Hawthorn (uncle)
Darlot, Everard Firebrace (uncle)
Darlot, Henry Sydney (uncle)
Bancroft, William Charles (uncle by marriage)
Wrixon, Henry John (uncle by marriage)
Miller, Eliza (grandmother)
Darlot, Mary Anna (grandmother)
Miller, Henry (grandfather)
Darlot, Henry King (grandfather)
Darlot, Madeleine Grant (cousin)
Wrixon, Arthur Henry (cousin)
Darlot, Guydon Firebrace (cousin)
Selby, Isaac (colleague)
Lindsay, Ernest Daryl (acquaintance)
Ursula Hoff, 'Miller, Everard Studley (1886–1956)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/miller-everard-studley-7584/text13243, published first in hardcopy 1986, accessed online 31 January 2023.
Kew, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
5 July, 1956 (aged 69)
Toorak, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Melbourne Grammar School
Sandroyd School (Wiltshire, UK)
Sherborne School (Dorset, UK)
photographer (general)
Royal Historical Society of Victoria
Bank of Victoria


The collection of the Kunstfonds (Art Fund) is one of the most important collections of post-1945 Saxon art. It holds more than 30,000 works of all fine-art genres, including painting, sculpture, graphic art, photography, arts and crafts, concept, video and installation art, as well as public art. Since 2004, the Kunstfonds is part of the State Art Collections Dresden.
The Kunstfonds has emerged as the institution administering artworks that formerly had been public property of the district of Dresden during the time of the GDR. It is one of the largest collection of commissioned artworks of its kind. Apart from these commissioned pieces, the Kunstfonds holds parts of substantial artists' inheritance, furthermore donations as well as a small proportion of art from the first half of the 20th century, such as Hans Grundig, Carl Lohse, Erna Lincke and Wilhelm Rudolph. Since 1992, the amount of objects held by the Kunstfonds is continuously being raised by acquisitions of the Free State of Saxony, today administered by the Cultural Trust of the Free State of Saxony, made in support of artists who either live in the county or whose art has close thematic reference to the area. Works of many today internationally successful artists have been bought at early stage, for example Neo Rauch, Sophia Schama, Christiane Baumgartner, Riccarda Roggan, Eberhard Havekost, Matthias Hoch. In 2017, the number of artworks acquired in this way has climbed up to over 1000, so that the Kunstfonds collection comprises a quantity of contemporary art that hardly can be found in any other public collection.
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