1. SUPA, School Of Physics And Astronomy, University Of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.k.
2. Department Of Earth Science And Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.k.
3. School Of Geosciences, University Of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, U.k.
4. National Centre For Nano Fabrication And Characterization, Technical University Of Denmark, Dk-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
5. Ernst Ruska-Centre For Microscopy And Spectroscopy With Electrons And Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
Trevor Almeida completed his Ph.D. and an EPSRC Doctoral Prize Fellowship focusing on the synthesis and characterization of metal oxide nanoparticles at the University of Nottingham. He spent four years as a research associate at Imperial College London, including one-year research visits to the National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization in Denmark and the Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons in Germany. He is currently a Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, focusing on visualizing dynamic magnetism in nanostructures using a range of in situ TEM techniques.
The advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique of off-axis electron holography (EH) can be used to image magnetic fields within and around nanoscale materials. Here, we show how combining off-axis EH with the modern in situ TEM capabilities of controlled heating in vacuum or a reactive gas environment can provide spatially resolved dynamic information about magnetic vortex states in Fe3O4 grains. Our experiments reveal that in situ oxidation can change the strengths and directions of magnetic vortices in individual Fe3O4 grains or groups of interacting grains. In contrast, during in situ heating we observe that magnetic vortices in Fe3O4 grains are remarkably stable to thermal effects, with smaller Fe3O4 grains exhibiting dynamic magnetic behavior at temperatures approaching their Curie temperature. The accurate imaging of three-dimensional dynamic magnetism in such nanostructures promises to be realized in the future through advances in in situ TEM holders and the analysis of experimental results using micromagnetic modeling.
We are grateful for support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P50354X/1), the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/J020966/1 and NE/J020966/1) and the European Research Council (Advanced Grant 320832).
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a widely-used multi-purpose characterization technique that allows for the localized investigation of thin, electron-transparent samples.
Most conventional TEMs are used to characterize the chemistry, morphology and structure of materials over a range of length scales, with modern spherical and chromatic aberration corrected TEMs providing interpretable spatial resolutions approaching ~ 50 picometers.
More specialized capabilities of TEMs allow for the imaging and measurement of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields within and around samples with nanometer spatial resolution. TEM-based phase contrast techniques that can be used for such measurements include Lorentz imaging1, off-axis electron holography (EH)2 and differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning TEM3. These techniques are sensitive to the phase of the electron beam that has passed through the sample and hence can be used to image nanoscale magnetism.
Off-axis EH is arguably the most powerful of these methods for imaging magnetic induction within three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale materials, as DPC imaging is usually applied to samples of relatively uniform thickness and Lorentz imaging is mostly used to reveal and examine magnetic domain walls.
Off-axis EH involves the use of an electron biprism in a TEM to split and then overlap an electron beam, part of which travels through a region of interest in a sample, resulting in the formation of an interference pattern (or hologram). The positions of the interference fringes record phase information about the part of the electron wave that passed through the sample.
This phase information can be used to reconstruct the local projected in-plane magnetic induction within and around the sample.
Off-axis EH has been used to investigate the magnetic properties of a wide range of nanostructured materials, including nanoparticle assemblies4, heterostructured minerals5, meteorites6, nanodisks7, mesocrystals8, nanorings9, nanowires10, skyrmions11, spin valves12, superlattices13 and twin-induced nanodomains14. Many of these materials are candidates for applications that range from magnetic data storage to geophysics.
An area of research in which off-axis EH has been employed is the investigation of magnetic signals in rocks (paleomagnetism), in which nanoscale magnetic grains can store information from the time of rock formation15. The magnetic states that are found in natural systems are often complex and highly non-uniform and are ideally suited to characterization using off-axis EH.
Paleomagnetists are interested in the stability of the magnetic signals over geological timescales, during which the magnetic carriers are susceptible to oxidation and phase transformations16, as well as to thermal fluctuations17-19. Hence, it is of interest to establish how the recorded magnetic signal is affected by both chemical alteration and temperature.
This article focuses on the combination of modern in situ TEM techniques with off-axis EH to visualize dynamic magnetic signals in the most important magnetic mineral on Earth, magnetite (Fe3O4), in one of the most commonly occurring magnetic domain states found in rocks, the vortex state20.
Sample details: Instead of using Fe3O4 samples found in nature, which often contain impurities and would require destructive sample preparation for TEM analysis, a synthetic Fe3O4 powder was investigated. The Fe3O4 grains in this sample act as good representations of 3D magnetic carriers found in rocks and have large exposed surface areas that are favorable for performing in situ oxidation experiments.
Fe3O4 particles of diameter < 250 nm (hydrothermally synthesized by Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials, USA) were cleaned with acetone and centrifuged for six minutes at 6000 rpm. For the purpose of environmental and in situ TEM investigations, the particles were dispersed in distilled water or ethanol using an ultrasonic bath, before deposition onto Aduro E-chips (Protochips, USA) or Wildfire E-chips (DENSsolutions, The Netherlands).
Off-axis EH: The off-axis electron holograms that are presented below were acquired at 300 kV using FEI Titan 80-300 TEMs equipped with rotatable electron biprisms and Lorentz mini-lenses, as shown in Fig. 1a. These microscopes can be used to record off-axis electron holograms in magnetic-field-free conditions (in a residual field of ≤ 0.2 mT).
Figure 1. Experimental setup used to record off-axis electron holograms and data processing to produce magnetic induction maps. (a) Schematic diagram showing how the application of a voltage to an electron biprism results in the overlap of sample and reference waves, producing interference fringes. (b) Electron hologram of a Fe3O4 grain (~250 in diameter), displaying well-resolved interference fringes. (c) Schematic illustration of the use of sample tilting to reverse the in-plane component of the magnetization, in order to separate the MIP contribution to the total phase shift. (d) Magnetic contribution to the total phase shift. (e) Cosine of a chosen integer times the magnetic contribution to the phase shown in (d) to produce contours with a spacing of 0.53 radians. (f) The addition of color shows the direction of the projected in-plane magnetic induction in the Fe3O4 grain, according to the color wheel (inset). (g) The final magnetic induction map visually shows the strength and direction of the magnetic signal in the Fe3O4 grain and the stray magnetic field.
Imaging was performed at the National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, and the Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.
where CE = πγ/λU* is an interaction constant that depends on the microscope accelerating voltage (CE = 6.53 V-1 µm-1 at 300 kV), λ is the electron wavelength, γ is the relativistic Lorentz factor and U* is the relativistically corrected accelerating potential21, while the constant CB = π/ϕ0, where ϕ0 is the magnetic flux quantum h/2e= 2.07x103 T nm2, is independent of electron energy.
In order to isolate the magnetic contribution to the recorded phase shift, the direction of magnetization in each particle was reversed in situ in the TEM by tilting the sample to equal but opposite angles between ±30° and ±75°.
The objective lens was then turned on to apply a saturating magnetic field of 1.5 to 2 T to the sample parallel to the direction of the electron beam, as shown in Fig. 1c.
Finally, the objective lens was turned off and the sample tilted back to 0° for electron hologram acquisition in magnetic-field-free conditions with the Fe3O4 particles in magnetic remanent states, i.e., the particles were initially induced with a saturation isothermal remanence at room temperature.
By taking differences between phase images reconstructed from electron holograms that had been recorded with the particles magnetized in opposite directions, the mean inner potential (MIP) contribution to the phase could be subtracted from the total recorded phase, thereby isolating the desired magnetic contribution to the phase (Fig. 1d). For the construction of magnetic induction maps, the cosine of a chosen integer multiplied by the magnetic contribution to the phase shift was used to generate magnetic phase contours (Fig. 1e).
Colors were added to the contours to show the direction of the projected in-plane magnetic induction (Fig. 1f), as denoted by a color wheel (Fig. 1f, inset). The original off-axis electron hologram was then used to create a mask to visually separate the recorded magnetic signal within the Fe3O4 grain from the surrounding stray magnetic field (Fig. 1g).
Environmental TEM for in situ oxidation: In situ oxidation of Fe3O4 particles was studied using an FEI Titan E-Cell TEM with a CS corrector on the objective lens, operated at 300 kV, in 9 mbar of O2 at elevated temperature, using a Protochips heating holder (DTU Nanolab).
The elevated temperature of 700˚C was chosen to help to compensate for the lower pressure used during ETEM experiments than ambient pressure conditions in nature. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis was performed with a spectral resolution of ~ 0.03 eV using a monochromator, in order to provide information about the oxidation state of the sample.
All TEM imaging and EELS acquisition was performed on grains that were stabilized under high vacuum conditions at ambient temperature, with in situ oxidation performed in the absence of the electron beam to avoid any sample degradation through electron beam / material interaction during annealing.
Thermal stability of magnetic remanent states: Fe3O4 particles were initially pre-heated in situ in the TEM to 700˚C in vacuum to evaporate any remaining water and to alleviate any possible strain induced during particle synthesis. In order to record initial room temperature magnetic states, electron holograms were acquired using the methodology described above. Electron holograms were then recorded in magnetic-field-free conditions during in situ heating in 50 or 100˚C intervals up to 550 or 600 °C and again upon cooling using a single tilt DENSsolutions heating holder (ER-C).
Magnetization reversal was performed by turning on the objective lens with the specimen tilted to ± 75˚ at each temperature in order to determine the MIP contribution to the phase, which was then subtracted from the unwrapped total phase shift acquired at each temperature during the initial heating experiment, in order to construct magnetic induction maps of magnetic remanent states at each temperature.
Effect of oxidation: Figure 2 illustrates the effect of oxidation on the magnetization of individual Fe3O4 grains assessed using TEM, EELS and reconstructed magnetic induction maps. Figure 2a shows a bright-field TEM image of an Fe3O4 grain (~200 nm in diameter) prior to induced oxidation. EELS analysis of the Fe 2p L2,3 edge in the region 704 – 726 eV (blue spectra, Fig. 2d) confirmed the assignment of pure Fe3O4.
Figure 2. Visualized effect of oxidation on the magnetization of Fe3O4 particles. (a,e,i) Bright-field TEM images acquired before in situ heating to 700 °C in 9 mbar of O2 for 8 hours in an ETEM. (b,c,f,g,j,k) Magnetic induction maps obtained from the magnetic contribution to the phase shift reconstructed from off-axis electron holograms recorded (b,f,j) before and (c,g,k) after in situ heating. (d,h,l) Corresponding EEL spectra showing the Fe 2p L2,3 edge recorded from the Fe3O4 particles before (blue) and after (red) annealing in the ETEM. Black arrows highlight three differing intensities from the mixed-valence compound of Fe3O4, while red arrows highlight the formation of pre- and post- peaks, which are indicative of oxidation towards γ-Fe2O3.
The L2 edge for this sample shows the typical shape of a mixed valence compound, with three visible features with differing intensities (Fig. 1c, black arrows), while the almost shapeless L3 edge is attributed to the combined spectral contributions of Fe2+ at octahedral B sites and Fe3+ at both tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites, as compared with other mixed iron oxides22,23.
The corresponding magnetic induction map shown in Fig. 2c contains evenly-spaced magnetic contours from the surface to the center of the grain, flowing in a counter-clockwise direction (denoted using arrows), characteristic of a vortex state.
After exposure to 9 mbar of O2 at 700˚C for 8 h in the ETEM, fine features develop in the form of a small pre-peak on the L3 edge and a post-peak on the L2 edge (Fig. 2d, red spectra and arrows), indicative of a change in Fe oxidation state towards γ-Fe2O3 or α-Fe2O324-26.
The spacings between the phase contours in the corresponding magnetic induction map (Fig. 2c), which again flow in a counter-clockwise direction, are observed to widen, most markedly towards the particle edge, indicating an oxidation-induced change in magnetism. Figure 2e shows a bright-field TEM image of an elongated (~ 250 nm long, ~ 150 nm wide) Fe3O4 grain, supported by a complementary EEL spectrum in Fig. 2h (blue). A corresponding magnetic induction map in Fig. 2f reveals closely-spaced magnetic contours flowing from left to right through the elongated particle, interacting with a small vortex located at the bottom of the grain, in addition to a stray magnetic field.
In a similar manner to the Fe3O4 grain shown in Fig. 2b-d, the additional development of a small pre-peak on the L3 edge and as post-peak on the L2 edge of the corresponding EEL spectrum (Fig. 2h, red arrows) are again strong indicators of the effects of progressive oxidation towards γ-Fe2O3 or α-Fe2O3. The associated magnetic induction map (Fig. 2g) contains two vortices with widened phase contour spacings flowing in opposite directions around a central transverse axis, again indicating an oxidation-induced change in magnetism.
Figure 2i shows a bright-field TEM image of a group of Fe3O4 grains, once more confirmed by an EEL spectrum (blue) in Fig. 2l. The pre-oxidation magnetic induction map (Fig. 2j) reveals magnetic interactions between the grains, with closely-spaced magnetic contours flowing from the top right through the grains in a dog-leg fashion to the bottom left, interacting with several vortices. The EEL spectra in Fig. 2l (red) confirm oxidation through the development of pre-peaks (arrowed), while the associated magnetic induction map (Fig. 2k) shows a widening of the magnetic contours, which flow from top right to bottom left in a more direct manner, with no vortices present.
This combined ETEM and off-axis EH investigation provides a visual representation of the effects of accelerated chemical oxidation on the direction and intensity of the magnetization of vortex-state Fe3O4 particles. The development of additional peaks in the Fe 2p L2,3 edges provides evidence for the process of oxidation24. The widening of magnetic phase contours around the vortex observed in the oxidized isotropic Fe3O4 grain shown in Fig. 2c, compared to its initial state (Fig. 2d), demonstrates that chemical alteration leads to a loss of magnetization intensity.
In addition, clockwise rotation of the central magnetic contours, from the major axis of the elongated Fe3O4 particle (Fig. 2f) to a transverse axis (Fig. 2g), demonstrates the strong effect of oxidation on magnetization direction, an effect that was previously considered to be dominated by shape anisotropy. It is suggested that sharp particle tips and large exposed areas in groups of particles are more susceptible to oxidation towards the less magnetic γ-Fe2O3 phase, resulting in alteration of the crystallographic phase distribution to lower aspect ratio Fe3O4 cores in the case of Fig. 2g, or to an Fe3O4 core that extends through the particles in Fig. 2k, prompting a shift towards lower energy and a more favorable direction of magnetization.
The magnetic induction maps in Fig. 2 show the effect of oxidation on remanent saturation magnetization. The sample was transferred between different TEMs, each with separate in situ oxidation and off-axis EH capabilities. The development of modern gas cell heating TEM chips, such as those from DENSsolutions, Hummingbird or Protochips, allows for direct measurement of the true effect of chemical alteration on remanent magnetic states through the systematic acquisition of electron holograms in magnetic-field-free conditions. This is evidenced through the investigation of thermal effects on the true remanent magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 grains presented in the next section.
Effect of temperature: The thermomagnetic behavior of a small Fe3O4 grain, which was heated from 20 to 550˚C and then cooled back to 20˚C, is shown in Fig. 3. Figure 3a shows a bright-field TEM image of the Fe3O4 grain, which has a length of ~150 nm along its long diagonal axis. Figure 3b shows a magnetic induction map of the Fe3O4 grain obtained from off-axis electron holograms recorded at room temperature (20˚C).
Figure 3. Off-axis electron holography of the thermomagnetic behavior of a small Fe3O4 grain. (a) Bright-field TEM image of the individual Fe3O4 grain (~150 nm in diameter), with an associated electron diffraction pattern inset. (b-f) Magnetic induction maps reconstructed from off-axis electron holograms recorded (b) at 20˚C (with the red arrow, labelled FD, showing the direction of the in-plane component of the saturating magnetic field used to induce remanence) and (c-f) during in situ heating to (c) 500˚C and (d) 550˚C and subsequent cooling to (e) 500˚C and (f) 20˚C. The letter "v" identifies the center of a magnetic vortex. (g-i) Schematic representations of the proposed 3D forms of the magnetic vortex states that are observed experimentally in projection at (g) 20˚C, (h) 500˚C and (i) 550˚C.
The induction map shows that the magnetization flows generally from left to right and interacts with a small vortex core (denoted v), in addition to a component of stray magnetic field. A schematic diagram of the likely 3D form of this vortex state is shown in Fig. 3g. However, the vortex state at remanence changes markedly when the temperature is increased to 500˚C (Fig. 3c), with the magnetic phase contours narrowing, aligning along the long diagonal axis and curving away from this axis at the top and bottom of the grain.
A further increase in temperature to 550˚C (Fig. 3d) results in a widening of the magnetic phase contours, which become more closely aligned with the long diagonal axis. The magnetic states observed at 500 and 550˚C could be misinterpreted as uniformly magnetized or single domain (SD) states. However, because the magnetic flux loops on either side of the central magnetic contours are contained within the Fe3O4 grain, they are likely to be magnetic vortex states that are viewed edge-on27,28, as shown in Figs 3h and 3i.
On cooling to 500˚C, the magnetic induction map (Fig. 3e) is similar to that in Fig 3c, finally recovering the initial magnetic state (Fig. 3f) at 20˚C, similar to its state prior to heating (Fig. 3b).
In a similar manner to that observed in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 illustrates the thermomagnetic behavior of a slightly larger Fe3O4 particle that has a rhombohedral shape and a major axis of ~ 250 nm (Fig. 4a). The room temperature magnetic state of this particle is a large clockwise spiraling vortex with a dipole-like stray magnetic field external to the grain (Fig. 4b). On increasing the temperature to 500˚C, the magnetic contours broaden as the magnetic intensity decreases (Fig. 4c). Heating to 600˚C (above the Curie temperature (TC) of ~ 580˚C) then results in complete demagnetization (Fig. 4d). The vortex state is recovered on cooling back to 500˚C (Fig. 4e) and its magnetic intensity increases upon cooling to 20˚C (Fig. 4f). However, the vorticity then flows in the opposite (counter-clockwise) direction after demagnetization.
Figure 4. Off-axis electron holography of the thermomagnetic behavior of a small Fe3O4 grain. (a) Bright field TEM image of an individual Fe3O4 particle (major axis ~ 250 nm). (b-f) Magnetic induction maps recorded (b) at 20˚C (the arrow labelled FD shows the direction of the saturating magnetic field applied to induce remanence) and during in situ heating to (c) 500˚C and (d) 600˚C, as well as upon cooling to (e) 500˚C and (f) 20˚C.
This in situ TEM off-axis EH investigation provides fundamental insight into the effects of temperature on remanent magnetization in individual Fe3O4 PSD grains. The two grains described above display vortex domain structures at room temperature, but different thermomagnetic behaviors on heating close to their TC of ~ 580˚C. It is evident that grain size plays an important role in their thermomagnetic response.
At elevated temperature, the 'unblocking' of a stable state and subsequent transition to a lower energy magnetic domain structure depends on competing magnetic energies, which are strongly dependent on grain volume and shape. The magnetization of the vortex structure in the larger grain is more stable at elevated temperature than that of the smaller grain, the key point being that a smaller vortex state grain unblocks and transitions at a lower temperature. SD grains are considered to be the most reliable magnetic recorders. As their grain size increases, they unblock at higher temperatures approaching TC. This study demonstrates that even small vortex state grains, which were previously considered to be non-ideal magnetic recorders, recover both their directional and their intensity information after heating close to TC. The spontaneous recovery of the vortex core in the larger grain (Fig. 4) along the same axis is likely to be influenced slightly by a combination of shape anisotropy and the weak ambient field of < 0.2 mT. The magnetic signal recorded by such a vortex state can, in this instance, assume four possible variations: (1) clockwise or (2) counter-clockwise vorticity, with the direction of the vortex core axis pointing either (3) upwards or (4) downwards out-of-plane. Off-axis EH is limited to measuring the in-plane magnetic component. Hence, the direction of the vortex core is unknown in this instance. The core direction could be determined by acquiring an off-axis EH tilt series, and indeed the entire thermoremanent behavior in 3D. However, such a measurement is currently both experimentally challenging and computationally demanding. Since the directional information is recovered along the vortex core axis, which can assume only one of two possible orientations, the particle can be said to behave like a uniaxial SD particle at temperatures approaching TC.
Off-axis EH is a powerful TEM method that can be used to image the magnetic properties of nanoscale materials. This article focuses on the visualization of vortex state magnetic domains in Fe3O4 grains. By combining off-axis EH with modern in situ capabilities, including controlled heating in vacuum or in the presence of reactive gases with minimal sample drift, it is possible to image the effects of external stimuli on the localized and dynamic magnetism of nanostructures directly.
The combination of off-axis EH and environmental TEM shows that oxidation, which is confirmed using EELS, can change both the strength and the direction of a magnetic vortex state in an individual Fe3O4 grain, or in a group of interacting Fe3O4 grains. Oxidation may therefore destroy any magnetic information that was carried by original unaltered particles. In contrast, by combining in situ heating with off-axis EH, it has been shown that remanent vortex state Fe3O4 grains are remarkably stable to thermal effects, with only the magnetic states of smaller Fe3O4 grains behaving dynamically at temperatures approaching TC. In both cases, the combination of off-axis EH with in situ TEM techniques provides spatially resolved magnetic information from individual Fe3O4 grains, which has previously been inaccessible.
Challenges remain in reconstructing 3D magnetization at every oxidation or temperature interval. Comparisons between experimental magnetic induction maps and simulated induction maps derived from multi-phase 3D micromagnetic models could, in the future, be used to elucidate the 3D nature of dynamic magnetism. Furthermore, advances in MEMS-based in situ heating gas cell specimen holders can be used to reconstruct the true remanent magnetic behavior of chemically altered samples without needing to transfer samples between TEMs that have different capabilities.
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Alleged Olympic vote-swapping deal would keep Canada from gold
Quote: French magazine L'Equipe alleges the U.S. and Russia have struck a deal to help each other out at Sochi Winter Olympic figure skating events, which would keep Canada's Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir from the gold.
The magazine quotes a Russian coach, who spoke to the magazine on the condition of anonymity about the "proposed barter" between the two countries.
According to the magazine, the anonymous official said the U.S. has agreed to help Russia win the pairs figure skating and team events.
In exchange, Russia would purportedly ensure Meryl Davis and Charlie White of the U.S. win gold over Canadian champions Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir.
But Mike Slipchuk, Skate Canada's high performance director, says he's confident the judging will be fair.
"I stay clear of that stuff," he said. "I have full confidence that [when] the skaters go out and do their job, they will do their job on the ice, [and] the judges will judge it as they see it."
The International Skating Union refused to comment directly to the accusations, saying they would only take action if there was proof of misconduct.
"The ISU does not react to allegations without evidence," the organization said in a released statement. "Based on credible and verifiable evidence the ISU has always pursued cases of misconduct or other violations of the ISU statutes."
Davis, a two-time world champion with White, wasn't concerned with the allegations when asked after the U.S., couple finished first in the short program — ahead of Virtue and Moir — of the ice dance team event on Saturday.
"We haven't heard anything about it," she said. "We are confident that what we are putting out onto the ice speaks for itself."
This is not the first judging controversy to hit the Olympics.
In 2002, Canadian figure skaters Jamie Sale and David Pelletier placed second behind Russian pair Yelene Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze, despite a stumble during the Russians` performance.
A French judge later admitted she planned to vote for the Russians regardless of how they performed.
Sale and Pelletier, who initially took home silver, were eventually awarded a second gold medal in the event.
The sport's entire scoring system was overhauled on the heels of the scandal. The old 6.0 scoring system was replaced in 2004 to make the scoring more objective.
"We have lived through Sale and Pelletier, figure skating has a storied past with all that stuff," Moir said.
"The wonderful thing about the Olympic Games is that we are athletes and we do our jobs and we don't have to worry about all that."
With files from Reuters
Tisk! Tisk!
~Be the Virtuous Man or Woman you are meant to be.~
2014 Feb 08 21:43
Temnozor
Kornilov did nothing wrong
RE: The 2014 Winter Olympic Thread
(2014 Feb 08 21:40)Aemma Wrote: And here they are, left to right, Gold to Silver:
The left girl also looks a lot hotter than the right one. Truly golden.
"Whoever says that he "belongs to his time" is only saying that he agrees with the largest number of fools at that moment." - Nicolás Gómez Dávila
The following 1 user Likes Temnozor's post:
Aemma (08-02-2014)
Factionist of the forlorn
Everyone gay but Tonya Harding!
A working class queen of the trailer parks who could throw a punch!
Not in haunts of marble chill,
Temples drear where ancients trod,—
Nay, in oaks on woody hill
Lives and moves the German God.
The following 1 user Likes Phlegethon's post:
(2014 Feb 08 12:30)Temnozor Wrote: I've watched the opening ceremony yesterday. It sucked in comparison to what the Chinese have kicked off in 2008, I only enjoyed the Russian alphabet video, which was quite cool and classy. Everything else was way too bloated with reconciliation gestures towards soulless American imperialist bastards and the eternal enemies of our motherland our Western friends - tatu performing, showcasing of Western influenced subcultures in the USSR as part of our national heritage etc.
I also lol'd at the ring failure. Putin looked pretty pissed too - and rightful so.
Well to be honest I haven't seen all three hours of it all (yet) but I think that this is fast becoming my favourite part! Seriously! Most of them I wouldn't want to meet in a dark alley; they look so intimidating. But I swear these dudes really know how to groove!
And to hell with some saying they looked awkward. Admittedly the odd one looked like deer in headlights but most seemed to take it all in stride and be having a good time. Isn't that what it's all about?
As for the ring failure, well "s*it happens" as they say. It takes nothing away from the event as far as I'm concerned.
The following 2 users Like Aemma's post:
Osweo (09-02-2014), Temnozor (10-02-2014)
(2014 Feb 09 03:15)Aemma Wrote: As for the ring failure, well "s*it happens" as they say. It takes nothing away from the event as far as I'm concerned.
That's what you get for not hiring the Lord of the Rings.
"There is only one Lord of the Ring, only one who can bend it to his will. And he does not share power."
– Gandalf
The following 2 users Like Phlegethon's post:
Aemma (09-02-2014), Temnozor (09-02-2014)
One of my favourite events to watch: Men's Ski Jump
Amazing performances, especially by Poland's Gold medallist Kamil Stoch:
I wish I could fly through the air like that.
The following 1 user Likes Aemma's post:
Treffie (12-02-2014)
cannibalish chauvinist
'[...] just as it is not left unto us to choose our ancestors, so we may not choose our nation; we can only fulfil, or not fulfil, the obligations that come from being a member of our people'.
© Dr. Jan Stankievič 'From the History of Belarus'
The following 3 users Like W. R.'s post:
Aemma (10-02-2014), Erwann (11-02-2014), Mustapaita (10-02-2014)
Hmm the second instance of Canadian content from my Slavic friends here. I'm beginning to get suspicious.... Are you a closet Belieber as well, WR?
Dussander (11-02-2014), W. R. (11-02-2014)
(2014 Feb 10 23:23)Aemma Wrote: Hmm the second instance of Canadian content from my Slavic friends here. I'm beginning to get suspicious.... Are you a closet Belieber as well, WR?
Actually for some weird reason the Canadian content popped up among the related videos when I watched Daily NK presents: 'Lifting the Fog'.
Justin Bieber < Andrei Lankov
Treffie
I'm looking forward to seeing Britain's Shelley Rudman and Lizzie Yarnold fly at 80mph on a baking tray.
The following 2 users Like Treffie's post:
Aemma (12-02-2014), Mustapaita (12-02-2014)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties
L. Christopher Mimun, Gangadharan Ajithkumar, Madhab Pokhrel, Brian G. Yust, Zak G. Elliott, Francisco Pedraza, Ashish Dhanale, Liang Tang, Ai Ling Lin, Vinayak P. Dravid, Dhiraj K. Sardar
Research Imaging Institute
Barshop Institute
Here we report the synthesis, characterization and application of a multifunctional surface functionalized GdF3:Nd3+ nanophosphor that exhibits efficient near infrared (NIR) fluorescence as well as magnetic properties, which can be utilized for bimodal imaging in medical applications. The nanoparticles are small with an average size of 5 nm and form stable colloids that last for several weeks without settling, enabling the use for several biomedical and photonic applications. Their excellent NIR properties, such as nearly 11% quantum yield of the 1064 nm emission, make them ideal contrast agents and biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo NIR optical bioimaging. The nanophosphors which were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene) (PMAO) were implemented in cellular imaging, showing no significant cellular toxicity for concentrations up to 200 μg ml -1. Furthermore, the incorporation of Gd into the nanocrystalline structure renders them with exceptional magnetic properties, making them ideal for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles in infrared bioimaging and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated by confocal imaging, magnetic resonance and tissue experiments.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
Dive into the research topics of 'Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Nanocrystals Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Neodymium Engineering & Materials Science 99%
Luminescence Engineering & Materials Science 98%
Gadolinium Engineering & Materials Science 96%
Magnetic Resonance Chemical Compounds 69%
Magnetic resonance Engineering & Materials Science 69%
Infrared radiation Engineering & Materials Science 57%
Nanocrystal Chemical Compounds 54%
Mimun, L. C., Ajithkumar, G., Pokhrel, M., Yust, B. G., Elliott, Z. G., Pedraza, F., Dhanale, A., Tang, L., Lin, A. L., Dravid, V. P., & Sardar, D. K. (2013). Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 1(41), 5702-5710. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20905a
Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties. / Mimun, L. Christopher; Ajithkumar, Gangadharan; Pokhrel, Madhab; Yust, Brian G.; Elliott, Zak G.; Pedraza, Francisco; Dhanale, Ashish; Tang, Liang; Lin, Ai Ling; Dravid, Vinayak P.; Sardar, Dhiraj K.
In: Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 1, No. 41, 07.11.2013, p. 5702-5710.
Mimun, LC, Ajithkumar, G, Pokhrel, M, Yust, BG, Elliott, ZG, Pedraza, F, Dhanale, A, Tang, L, Lin, AL, Dravid, VP & Sardar, DK 2013, 'Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties', Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 1, no. 41, pp. 5702-5710. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20905a
Mimun LC, Ajithkumar G, Pokhrel M, Yust BG, Elliott ZG, Pedraza F et al. Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2013 Nov 7;1(41):5702-5710. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20905a
Mimun, L. Christopher ; Ajithkumar, Gangadharan ; Pokhrel, Madhab ; Yust, Brian G. ; Elliott, Zak G. ; Pedraza, Francisco ; Dhanale, Ashish ; Tang, Liang ; Lin, Ai Ling ; Dravid, Vinayak P. ; Sardar, Dhiraj K. / Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties. In: Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2013 ; Vol. 1, No. 41. pp. 5702-5710.
@article{77a35854814b432198c5e51cdfb78637,
title = "Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties",
abstract = "Here we report the synthesis, characterization and application of a multifunctional surface functionalized GdF3:Nd3+ nanophosphor that exhibits efficient near infrared (NIR) fluorescence as well as magnetic properties, which can be utilized for bimodal imaging in medical applications. The nanoparticles are small with an average size of 5 nm and form stable colloids that last for several weeks without settling, enabling the use for several biomedical and photonic applications. Their excellent NIR properties, such as nearly 11% quantum yield of the 1064 nm emission, make them ideal contrast agents and biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo NIR optical bioimaging. The nanophosphors which were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene) (PMAO) were implemented in cellular imaging, showing no significant cellular toxicity for concentrations up to 200 μg ml -1. Furthermore, the incorporation of Gd into the nanocrystalline structure renders them with exceptional magnetic properties, making them ideal for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles in infrared bioimaging and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated by confocal imaging, magnetic resonance and tissue experiments.",
author = "Mimun, {L. Christopher} and Gangadharan Ajithkumar and Madhab Pokhrel and Yust, {Brian G.} and Elliott, {Zak G.} and Francisco Pedraza and Ashish Dhanale and Liang Tang and Lin, {Ai Ling} and Dravid, {Vinayak P.} and Sardar, {Dhiraj K.}",
doi = "10.1039/c3tb20905a",
journal = "Journal of Materials Chemistry B",
T1 - Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties
AU - Mimun, L. Christopher
AU - Ajithkumar, Gangadharan
AU - Pokhrel, Madhab
AU - Yust, Brian G.
AU - Elliott, Zak G.
AU - Pedraza, Francisco
AU - Dhanale, Ashish
AU - Tang, Liang
AU - Lin, Ai Ling
AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.
AU - Sardar, Dhiraj K.
N2 - Here we report the synthesis, characterization and application of a multifunctional surface functionalized GdF3:Nd3+ nanophosphor that exhibits efficient near infrared (NIR) fluorescence as well as magnetic properties, which can be utilized for bimodal imaging in medical applications. The nanoparticles are small with an average size of 5 nm and form stable colloids that last for several weeks without settling, enabling the use for several biomedical and photonic applications. Their excellent NIR properties, such as nearly 11% quantum yield of the 1064 nm emission, make them ideal contrast agents and biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo NIR optical bioimaging. The nanophosphors which were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene) (PMAO) were implemented in cellular imaging, showing no significant cellular toxicity for concentrations up to 200 μg ml -1. Furthermore, the incorporation of Gd into the nanocrystalline structure renders them with exceptional magnetic properties, making them ideal for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles in infrared bioimaging and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated by confocal imaging, magnetic resonance and tissue experiments.
AB - Here we report the synthesis, characterization and application of a multifunctional surface functionalized GdF3:Nd3+ nanophosphor that exhibits efficient near infrared (NIR) fluorescence as well as magnetic properties, which can be utilized for bimodal imaging in medical applications. The nanoparticles are small with an average size of 5 nm and form stable colloids that last for several weeks without settling, enabling the use for several biomedical and photonic applications. Their excellent NIR properties, such as nearly 11% quantum yield of the 1064 nm emission, make them ideal contrast agents and biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo NIR optical bioimaging. The nanophosphors which were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene) (PMAO) were implemented in cellular imaging, showing no significant cellular toxicity for concentrations up to 200 μg ml -1. Furthermore, the incorporation of Gd into the nanocrystalline structure renders them with exceptional magnetic properties, making them ideal for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles in infrared bioimaging and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated by confocal imaging, magnetic resonance and tissue experiments.
U2 - 10.1039/c3tb20905a
DO - 10.1039/c3tb20905a
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry B
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry B


text:
Q: How to change simple_form to use bootstrap prepended inputs I'm use Rails 3.2, simple_form and it's default bootstrap generator.
I want to use one of the Bootstrap "appended and prepended" form elements in my layout. How do I modify the simple form input to generate the needed code?
Code used:
<%= f.input :price, :label => 'Price:' %>
Generated code:

    Price:

        <input class="string optional" id="price" type="text">

Desired Code:

    Price:

        $
        <input class="string optional" id="price" type="text">

Note the "input-prepend" class change and the "add-on" span.

A: You need to add a wrapper.
For pre-append the code is something like this:
 <%= f.input :price, :wrapper => :prepend, :label => false do %>
    <%= content_tag :span, "$", :class => "add-on" %>
    <%= f.input_field :price %>
  <% end %>

For more information check this live example of using simple_form with bootstrap. You can find the code here.
Hope it help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Let's see if this works: https://www.facebook.com/events/1832964766809043??ti=ia This should link you to the event that the BT academy uk fb group have put up. Signing on at 10am Sunday for 11am start. 3 laps of 5 sections, 5 routes, all comers welcome. Looks like the first of a series they are doing there. Longstowe just west of Cambridge.
38 here, and glad to hear you guys are still enjoying it - hope for me yet!
Cheers for filling me in on that. If anyone ever rode those comps be good to hear from you! Used to be quite a merry band. And cool will sign up to the FB page. I used to be up near clacton but now surrey way and only head that direction a few times a year though will stop by next time I'm passing.
That's sure a great backyard to have. Will check it out. I did wonder if it was the same guy who used to have loads of man made stuff in his back garden/field in Boxted (one trial on the old EBTC circuit...).
Evening all, I used to do these comps in the 90s when Brian Matthews (was it?) et al ran it. Just ticking back into trials now and wondered if it was still around?! I'm figuring not as there doesn't seem to be much trace of it on the internet. Cheers!


text:
Velina Tchakarova
The Russia, China Alliance: What Does "The Dragonbear" Aim To Achieve In Global Affairs?
Written on September 8, 2015
The Dragonbear (Source: David Parkins)
Much has been written and speculated over an emerging strategic alliance between Russia and China, which I gave the name 'the Dragonbear' in the geopolitics of the 21st century. Interpretations of the context of deepening bilateral relations range from very skeptic to very optimistic prognoses for the future. But what does the Dragonbear really aim to achieve in global affairs? First and foremost, it is about counterbalancing arising centrifugal forces in all fields — from economy, finance and trade, to diplomacy and political links, to military, defense and strategic alliances. But it also has a lot to do with the countries' overlapping understanding that the world is in a system transformation, whose results are unpredictable and whose implications might be very dangerous for them.
Let us start with geopolitics. Even when only a few understand how to apply geopolitics, it still delivers quite plausible explanations when it comes to power and interests constellations between the big players in global affairs. In geopolitics, size, location and particular geographic areas as well as an access to scarce natural resources and significant trade routes, but also global economic shares and demographics do really matter. All these characteristics and factors shape a country's geostrategy based on the complex constellation between them.
As I outlined in my recent piece on the emerging system's bipolarity, the current system of international relations is moving towards a new equilibrium of two system poles. The only superpower — the USA — builds its transatlantic bloc centered on the Transatlantic community, NATO partners and the strategic links with the Gulf countries, but also with Israel, Japan and partners from South East Asia and Latin America. Furthermore, Washington is keen to preserve and expand the institutional heritage from the Cold War — from the IMF/WB to NATO to TTIP/TPP.
Concurrently, the emergence of China as a second system pole has already started shaping Beijing's long-term geostrategy. Consequently, Russia is about to become the new free rider of the system of the IR in the 21st century, which basically means that both countries will switch roles. The Dragonbear alliance is imminent due to mutual strategic interests, common strategic objectives as well as shared risks and threats perceptions. Based on a very strong political will, it will evolve with unprecedented speed in various key fields such as energy, defence, military, trade, economy, and infrastructure, but also cooperation in regional and international organisations and structures.
As The Guardian posted recently, Russia and China are both members of significant international organizations, in which they can shape global affairs by coordinating actions and strategies. More importantly, China's grand strategy basically aims to create alternatives to each single institution, organisation or structure of the so-called developed world in the long run, and Russia plays a central role too. The two figures below point to the network of regional and international organisations where the institutional cooperation of the Dragonbear takes place.
Obviously, the Dragonbear connection is especially strong in emerging organisations and institutions such as BRICS, SCO, NDB, AIIB, just to name a few. Last but not least, the cooperation between China and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) within the framework of the new Silk Roads initiatives called One Belt, One Road (OBOR) has strategic character. Both countries have signed an agreement on integrating the EAEU and OBOR and thus consolidate the Eurasian landmass in the long term.
China and Russia being part of all five of these organisations. (Courtesy of Guardian)
In a nutshell, following geopolitical arguments point to an imminent Dragonbear alliance:
● Territory: China and Russia have settled their longstanding territorial disputes and have demarcated their common border. Thus, no territorial claims or border disputes would damage the bilateral relations. Although both countries are involved in territorial conflicts with third countries, they do not seek to interfere or mutually influence their positions or approaches (for instance, Russia's role in the frozen conflicts and China's role in the South China Sea are not colliding).
● Energy: Russia has already overtaken Saudi Arabia as top oil supplier to China and will also expand its gas supplying role in China, whose emerging markets and economy are and will remain hungry for energy. Several ambitious gas projects worth billions of USD are currently in the making and will certainly affect Russia's future orientation towards Asian energy markets. Gazprom has just agreed with the Chinese to build a third gas pipeline to China.
● Strategic triangular formats: Russia plays a role as a connecting element in the India-Russia-China as well as in the Iran-Russia-China triangle. Both have huge potential for development despite existing problems. Interesting triangles could arise from possible geopolitical constellations regarding Turkey-Russia-China or Germany-Russia-China.
● Trade routes: For China, Eurasia plays a central role in its Silk Roads geostrategy called One Belt One Road (OBOR). Thus, Russia is again the key element in China's Eurasian strategy after signing an agreement on integrating the EAEU and OBOR with the aim of consolidating the Eurasian landmass in the long term. The maritime routes are equally of great importance. The Arctic will be one of the places, where Russia will seek to boost trade links with China through the North Sea Route, which shortens the distance between Japan and Murmansk by 56% compared to the Suez Canal respectively by 46% between Shanghai and Murmansk, and between Vancouver and Murmansk by 44% compared to the Panama Canal. The NSR is equally important for Russia as a trade route bridging Europe with China. The same routes to Rotterdam mark a shortening of the distance respectively by 34%, 22% and 23%.
● Finance: Russia and China aim to reduce the dollar's dominance through currency swaps and other bilateral and multilateral steps. For instance, Russia seeks to eliminate the use of the dollar and the euro in the trade between CIS countries as well as within the Eurasian Economic Union. China, on its part, introduced the first pilot two currency program in a Chinese city. Both countries also signed a currency swap agreement worth almost 24 billion USD two years ago. Further measures towards promoting the national currencies are to be found at the level of operation of the BRICS bank.
● Defense and military: China has interest in a defense cooperation with Russia due to Russia's possible transfer of advanced technologies and sophisticated weapons. As Shoigu stressed in Beijing, the military cooperation is a basis for the strategic bilateral ties. Joint military exercises have become a substantial part of it with the aim of facilitating better interoperability between the armed forces. So far, Russia and China have conducted joint naval drills in the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Japan. The mutual defense cooperation also evolves within the SCO, whose role as an emerging regional organisation is growing after India and Pakistan (Iran probably soon too) have joined it.
● Miscellaneous: Other fields such as productivity, infrastructure, aeronautical and space technologies, as well as the development in the Far East will also be on the Dragonbear agenda. Both countries have very similar industrial priorities such as 'nuclear energy, space exploration, new information technologies, environmental protection, energy saving, production of high technology medicines and medical equipment, and some other.'
China's parallel structures (Source: Merics Berlin)
While the 20th century was named the American century due to the rise of the US as a global power, the 21st century will be definitely named the Asian century due to the imminent rise of China as a global power. Not only can China become a second system pole but it will also start challenging the existent structures of the world order by creating new alternative ones. While the Transatlantic community will seek to preserve the institutional heritage and the geopolitical as well as geoeconomic dominance inherited from the Cold War, China will clearly aim to promote alternative structures and processes in support of its geostrategy. It is obvious that the outcome of these contradicting strategies cannot be a win-win situation.
Eventually, a new bloc confrontation between the US and China might evolve in a much more interdependent and globalised world than the one during the Cold War, which might unleash centrifugal forces of bipolarity, encompassing the whole spectrum of interactions in the international relations. Consequently, all major regional actors, including Russia, will be confronted with an either/or choice.
As a result, China is preparing for the system transformation on all fronts — from finance, trade and economy to new strategic alliances to military build up and an increased defense spending. Russia, on its part, will not have the economic potential to play a key role with regard to global economy and trade. However, Moscow will still remain one of the major powers in terms of nuclear and conventional weapons as well as in space and military technologies. Hence, Russia will play a role in global affairs but it will shape them through forcing the Eurasian regional integration at any price and forming strategic alliances. As a result, Moscow is about to become the new free rider of the system of international relations relying increasingly on mutual trust, common strategic interests and goals, and the geopolitical rationale, which has created and will keep the Dragonbear alive in the next decades.
To sum it up in Putin's words: "Russian-Chinese ties have now probably reached a peak in their entire history". Despite current economic, financial and trade setbacks and the negative global and regional trends, it is noteworthy that they might delay but will not terminate the process of consolidating the Chinese-Russian strategic alliance. To conclude with Flroian Vidal's relevant reference to my new geopolitical term: "It is highly symbolic, but strongly significant so beware of the Dragonbear!"
Originally published by Emerging Equity on September 8, 2015.
Velina is Head of Institute at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy (AIES) in Vienna. https://velinatchakarova.wixsite.com/globalsystem
Global Syste
More from Velina Tchakarova
Six questions considering the Dragonbear
Battle of Salamis that Ended the Xerxes' Ambitions in Greece
Israrkhan in Lessons from History
Boosting Europe's interests in an increasingly bipolar world
A Tale of Two Countries: Genocide in Xinjiang
Dave Olsen in Dialogue & Discourse
5 Forgotten Wars from US History
ElMehdi in Lessons from History


text:
grunt.initConfig({
  coveralls: {
    // Options relevant to all targets
    options: {
      // When true, grunt-coveralls will only print a warning rather than
      // an error, to prevent CI builds from failing unnecessarily (e.g. if
      // coveralls.io is down). Optional, defaults to false.
      force: false
    },

    your_target: {
      // LCOV coverage file (can be string, glob or array)
      src: 'coverage-results/extra-results-*.info',
      options: {
        // Any options for just this target
      }
    },
  },
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I have to agree with Siobhan on this one, I really love the new Shadow and bone covers! And I do like the old ones too!
I haven't watch an adaptation in ages but I am pretty sure I will like Simon Vs The Homo sapiens agenda more than the book!
I LOVE books with prophecies, I like when the prophecy is vague and then everything falls into place, or when it seems clear but then it can be interpreted in a different way!
Since the book is not out yet, I am going to shut up on this one!
I loved the family from THUG!
I also adore the Weasleys!
Victor from Vicious! I don't know if he is a villain but he is morally gray at least!
I think this answer is cliché and predictable, who cares!
I am going to choose The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo as I recently finished it and I am trying to add new books to my answers!
There are many disappointing books from the Fantasy genre, Carry On is the book I hate most!
I don't like Historical fictions although I read a few of those, The Bird and the blade was a great read though!
I am going to be Lazy this time and tag anyone who wants to do this!
I also love books with prophesies!!!
I agree with so many of these!! Victor- Yes! What If It's Us- heck yes! I really liked Love, Simon more than the book!!
Do you know any ones that I may have missed?
I haven't read any of the others, unfortunately, except for HP and PJ, but I wholly understand your hatred for Carry On. They were my least favourite thing about Fangirl (all those interludes just distracted me too much from the actual story, plus were just super boring and annoying). Even though everyone else and their mum seem to like it!
A book series that perfectly fits your description of why you love prophesies in the Mistborn trilogy by Brandon Sanderson. So, so good! And I can't wait to read Evelyn Hugo even though I normally don't trust books with a lot of hype. I have high hopes for this one!!
I love books with prophecies too, and yeaah I really don't care, PJO and HP is the best book with The Chosen One trope, plus Keeper of the Lost Cities for me!
Great answers! I love the new covers of Shadow and Bone!
I didn't watch the movie yet but I did not enjoy the book as much as everyone else did. I gave it 3 stars and I thought if it was a movie it would have been better!
I read The Mistborn Trilogy and I LOVED it! (The original trilogy)!
I didn't read Keeper of the lost cities but it sounds intriguing!
It is actually intentional and I didn't catch it until I read the book~!


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text:
View source for .green
← .green
{{TLD| |logo = |status = Proposed |manager = |country = |stringcontention = |registryprovider = |date = |type = [[gTLD|Generic]] |category = [[:Category:Industry New gTLDs|Industry]] |priority = <s>159 - [[The DotGreen Community, Inc.]]</s>
<s>640 - [[Top Level Domain Holdings]]</s>
791 - [[Afilias]]
<s>893 - [[Demand Media]] ([[United TLD Holdco Ltd.]])</s> |keypeople = }} '''.green''' is one of the proposed new [[TLD]]s in [[ICANN]]'s [[New gTLD Program]]. ==Current Applicant== * [[Afilias]] ==Former Applicants== * [[The DotGreen Community, Inc.]], the organization is led by [[Annalisa Roger]], co-founder and co-Chair of the San Francisco Regional Chapter of [[ISOC]]. [[Neustar]] will provide the technical back-end registry solutions.<ref>[http://www.dotgreen.org/about-us/ About Us]</ref> It is associated with the [[Dot Green Foundation]]. This applicant submitted a [[PIC|Public Interest Commitment]], which can be downloaded [https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1799 here]. In an interview, Ms. Roger confirmed that .green has many supporters from the environmental community and the internet industry. She explained that .green means many things, and is about encouraging sustainable, humanitarian, and ecological progress; and represents a worldwide movement that is better served by the proposed TLD. She also welcomed the competition and choice created through other proposed environmental TLDs, like [[.eco]].<ref>[http://www.hybriddomainer.com/2012/01/using-the-internet-to-better-the-planet-an-interview-with-annalisa-rogerdot-green.html Using The Internet To Better The Planet, HybridDomainer.com]</ref> ===DotGreen Withdrawl=== The DotGreen Community, Inc announced on Oct 11, 2013 that the company withdrew their application for the .green string. The startup was facing a 4-way private or ICANN auction, which it stated was not in the financial means nor in the interests of the company.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/14695-dotgreen-calls-it-quits-with-impossible-gtld-auction-looming DotGreen Calls it Quits, Domain Incite] Retrieved 13 Nov 2013</ref> * [[Top Level Domain Holdings Ltd.]], one of 68 applications the company filed on their own behalf. This applicant submitted a [[PIC|Public Interest Commitment]], which can be downloaded [https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1521 here]. * [[Demand Media]] (United TLD Holdco Ltd.). This applicant submitted a [[PIC|Public Interest Commitment]], which can be downloaded [https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1106 here]. ==Private Auction== A [[private auction]] occurred in February 2014 in which Afilias won the rights to .green over remaining applicants TLDH and Demand Media. The price of the auction was not disclosed but was assumed to be a few million US dollars.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2014/03/03/afilias-wins-green-to-add-to-its-collection-of-new-gtld-colors/ Afilias Wins .green to Add to its Collection of New gTLD Colors, TheDomains] Retrieved 3 March 2014</ref> ===TLDH & $15mm Auction Funding=== On February 26 2013, [[Top Level Domain Holdings Ltd.]] announced that it had entered into a funding agreement worth $15 million to be used in the case of auction for a specific unnamed TLD. The investor will not receive ownership of the TLD but a share of future revenues. TLDH did not name the TLD that the funds are directed for, and it is in 11 head to head contentions and 12 featuring more than one contender.<ref>[http://domainnamewire.com/2013/02/26/tldh-gets-up-to-15-million-for-a-single-top-level-domain-name-auction/ TLDh Gets 15 Million for A Single Top Level Domain Name Auction, DomainNameWire.com] Published and Retrieved 26 Feb 2013</ref> ==GAC Early Warning== The Representative of the Czech Republic issued a [[GAC]] Early Warning to all applicants but [[The DotGreen Community, Inc.]]. The warning system is noted as a strong recommendation on behalf of national governments to the [[ICANN Board]] that a given TLD application should be denied as it stands. Applicants are encouraged to work with objecting GAC members.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/gac-early-warning GAC Early Warning, NewgTLDS.ICANN.org] Retrieved 27 Nov 2012</ref> The Cezh warning is of the belief that none of the other 3 applicants are prepared to act in the global public interest with the .green TLD, and can not aid and be a part of the green, sustainable movement as the [[The DotGreen Community, Inc.]]. The warning regards the latter's application as highly respected and widely supported, and the others as seemingly disinterest attempts by portfolio applicants. "These 3 applicants are applying for .green as a TLD string amongst many others they are are applying for. They are probably less prepared than Dot Green Community, Inc. to play an active participatory role in the Green movement of community in either a local or global manner. They are not recognized by leaders in the Green Movement, as evidence that there were no positive comments of supports issued for their applications.<ref>[https://gacweb.icann.org/download/attachments/22938690/Green-CZ-24661.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1353453395000 Green CZ, GACweb.ICANN.org]Retrieved 27 Nov 2012</ref> ==European Commission Communiqué== The [[European Commission]] flagged all applicants for .green outside of ICANN's defined remediation processes. Just after [[ICANN]]'s [[GAC]] issued its Early Warnings, which are advice given from one GAC member country to an applicant warning it of potential issues within its application, the [[European Commission]] issued a letter to all applicants within the [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD program]]. The letter highlights 58 applications that "could raise issues of compatibility with the existing legislation .. and/or with policy positions and objectives of the European Union." It notes a desire to open a dialogue with each offending applicant. The Commission specifically notes that this objection is not a part of the GAC Early Warning process, and goes on to note that "the Commission does not consider itself legally bound to [ICANN] processes," given that there is not legal agreement between the two bodies.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/docs/20121127093808906.pdf DomainIncite.com/Docs] Published 27 Nov 2012, Retrieved 11 Dec 2012</ref><ref>[http://domainincite.com/11130-europe-rejects-icanns-authority-as-it-warns-of-problems-with-58-new-gtlds Europe Rejects ICANNs Authority As it Warns of Problems with 58 New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com] Published 27 Nov 2012, Retrieved 11 Dec 2012</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:TLD]] [[Category:Industry New gTLDs|green]]
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Return to .green.
Retrieved from "https://icannwiki.org/.green"


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Home Insights
How Port Selection is Becoming Increasingly Critical to Supply Chain Strategy
Building an efficient supply chain involves a bewildering number of factors. And now with today's "mega ships" creating their own economies of scale — one that encourages larger shipments to fewer ports — the port(s) you choose to ship your goods to is now more critical than ever. Port selection can play a major role in both how long it takes to get your products to market, and how much it costs.
For major national retailers, port selection has always been a factor. Walmart for example—the world's largest company by revenue (approx. US$486 billion according to the 2017 Fortune Global 500 list)—is building a $135 million import Distribution Center (DC) in Mobile, Alabama. Why there? The Port of Mobile: a strategically located Gulf Coast port that, thanks to the newly expanded Panama Canal, is helping facilitate greater container shipment volume from Asia. The anticipated demand created by Walmart's new DC is so great that the port is fast-tracking a $50 million terminal expansion. Mobile's full-container import volume of 100,309 TEU and 108,433 TEU in exports accounted for a 22.4% year-over-year jump in imports and a 12% rise in exports. Overall traffic climbed 16.8%. For Walmart, the new large DC marks its sixth in the U.S., following centers in Houston, Savannah, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Virginia, and Chicago.
Port of Mobile, Alabama
"Four Corners" Strategy
While a firm with limited scale might utilize a single import distribution center, Walmart's focus on multiple strategically located DCs is sometimes referred to as a "four corners" strategy. This draws on the services of four or more import centers, covering both West and East coasts. By expanding the use of cheap ocean transport, this strategy dramatically reduces a firm's transportation costs (as compared to using a single import center). It's no wonder that other major retails such as Target, K-Mart, and Home Depot have adopted similar strategies, carefully taking into consideration the location of their DCs and the ports that serve them.
Why port selection is now more important than ever
The importance of port selection in today's massive product-movement environment can't be understated. The new mega-ships mentioned at the outset, for example, can cause mega congestion.Automation was supposedto mitigate this. While many automated container terminals do now routinely handle exchanges in excess of 10,000 TEUs at a single port of call, these efficiencies can easily be lost as inland-bound cargo moves from the quay to the intermodal connections.
The Port of Los Angeles-Long Beach, for example — the biggest port in the US — has already experienced a number of these issues. A "maxed out" rail system, the threat of labor disruptions, and traffic mitigation fee hikes have left many clients wondering if it's such a good idea to "put all their eggs in one basket" and rely so heavily on a single port.
Port of Los Angeles/Long Beach. Photo: trekandshoot/Shutterstock.com
On the other hand, these same mega ships (again, along with the newly expanded Panama Canal) are starting to make lesser-used ports more attractive, particularly on the East and Gulf Coasts (such as the Port of Mobile). Global competition is forcing changes in how ports and other firms along the international logistics chain conduct business. It's also becoming easier to account for port selection in the supply chain equation thanks to system innovations along with new technology.
In other words, if you're favoring a single port due to yesterday's logistics, or simply out of habit, it's time to reevaluate the math.
Trucking is Changing, Land Transportation Costs Are Rising
A key factor in the port selection equation is land transportation costs. U.S. shippers are facing unprecedented truck intermodal cost hikes. Rapid economic growth has resulted in bottlenecked supply chains, with a corresponding rise in supply-chain costs, and across-the-board increases in transport rates. These trends are expected to continue into 2019.
The Electronic Logging Device (ELD) mandate is also changing trucking by increasing transit times, further increasing costs. It's effectively creating a kind of "donut hole" for 450-700 mile distances, causing firms to redraw their trucking service maps. Before ELD, single truck drivers would routinely make 450+ mile trips, being able to unload and return in a single day. With ELD, a trip that distance is pretty much impossible to do in a single day for a single driver. Thus, smaller trucking firms are eschewing such trips for either short- or long-haul freight, leaving intermediate length trips to larger fleets with multiple drivers — who can still turn a profit. ELD limitations are no doubt forcing many shippers to take a more holistic view of land shipping distances and how they use logistics in general.
Perishables, Just-in-Time Products Need Faster Turnarounds
Another port selection variable is how quickly you need to get your products to market. Some products (like perishables) require quicker turnarounds, and mega ships just don't fit the bill. SeaLand (part of the Maersk Group) is an example of an intra-Americas regional carrier that's using smaller vessels to offer a new Gulf-Central America cold cargo-ready service. It's targeting the growing demand in the U.S. for fresh fruit from Latin America. Services like this are designed to meet strict schedule commitments, even accounting for fog and other delays. Of course, just-in-time shipping isn't limited to just perishables; whenever you require a faster ocean turnaround, consider the port.
How Can Shippers Choose the Best Port?
Clearly, modern supply chain logistics can be tricky! Unless you're Walmart, choosing a carrier yourself can be problematic, especially since your carrier of choice might not efficiently service the port that might work best for your supply chain. The solution? Third Party Logistics (3PL). A good 3PL provider can route your cargo to the best port, on the best carrier, in the most efficient way possible. A provider like DB Schenker will take into account a matrix of interlocking ocean, land and air variables. Established 3PL providers also work with networks of strategically located, modern distribution centers that can provide Walmart-type advantages, such as fully exploiting pre-negotiated rates.
Even big shippers — those with enough volume to negotiate with a single carrier — can further reduce costs and gain additional benefits by taking advantage a BCO & Global NVO Strategic Alliance. This allows them to use multiple carriers while maintaining the lowest rates possible.
So while larger ships and upgraded ports have created new opportunities on one side of the equation, on the other side are land transportation networks that have struggled to keep up with increased volumes and new regulations. Even small changes along today's increasingly complex supply chains can cause unexpected ripples that impact a shipper's bottom line. However, an experienced 3PL provider can help you implement a flexible supply chain strategy that optimizes port selection, as well as contract logistics and a host of other factors, saving you time, money and worry.
Tags: OceanPorts
5 Ways to Digitize Your Supply Chain


If your ailment, condition or pain needs urgent attention, please don't hesitate to call us any time of the day. Our booking line is open 24/7 and 365 days of the year. All you need to do is request an initial appointment and our Physiotherapists will travel to you. Opening hours are from 7am to 6pm Monday to Friday. We can also do same day appointments however you will need to book before 11am. This will allow time for administration to organise a Physiotherapist to come out to you.
Generation Physio is now servicing all of Logan and surrounding towns and suburbs. This includes also includes Jimboomba, Browns Plains and Logan Village. You don't need a referral as Physiotherapists are first contact practitioners. We accept private health insurance rebates, Medicare referrals, Workers Compensation Claims, Motor Vehicle Accident Claims, Home Care Packages & Department of Veteran affairs referrals. If you have been assessed by My Aged Care and are looking for in home allied health support, we can help. To find out more please call 1300 122 884. Alternatively, you can visit contact us to send an email enquiry to our head office.
Please see below for map of our service area.
Our catchment area is large and spans all the way between Sunshine Coast & Tweed Heads. As a home visit service our Physiotherapists will be able to come to you. We can accommodate for people of all ages and in various living situations.


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After completion and acceptance of an Application of Intent (AOI), investigators are asked to prepare a brief summary (Analysis Concept Form) of their proposal for review by the CCSS Publications Committee. Completion of the form is necessary in order to ensure that the resources available are appropriately utilized, that there is no duplication of effort, and that the statisticians involved in carrying out the analysis are sufficiently well-informed to provide optimal input.
Study title: Please provide a working title for the proposed manuscript. This should be as descriptive so that the objective and scope are clearly stated.
Working group and investigators: Indicate the CCSS Working Group most relevant to the proposal. List those investigators who have been involved in the development of the concept analysis or who would bring specific required expertise to the analysis or interpretation of the data. These individuals may or may not be included in the final manuscript, depending on their contributions. Provide a list of investigators (names and email addresses/fax numbers) to whom contacts from the CCSS Publications Committee and Statistical Center should be addressed.
Background and rationale: Prepare a concise overview and framework to justify the analysis, to educate the biostatisticians, and to provide the foundation for the eventual manuscript.
Specific aims/objectives/research hypotheses: List the individual specific aims to be accomplished by the data analysis and the hypotheses being tested.
Outcome(s) of interest: List each separately and provide a clear definition of each.
Subject population to be included and, if appropriate, cases and controls. Provide explicit and detailed eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis.
Exploratory variables: Provide variables that may prove to be important or should be taken into consideration in analyzing the data (i.e., confounders and effect modifiers).
Investigators are asked to provide examples of specific tables and figures that will illustrate important relationships and that may or may not be part of the final manuscript.
Special consideration: Provide any additional information that you consider important in considering the proposed analysis.
The completed Analysis Concept Form should be mailed to Dr. Todd Gibson, CCSS Project Director (todd.gibson@stjude.org).


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Q: QEMU/KVM - What does xmlns:qemu do? I want to use QEMU command line options in a VM's XML configuration.
This requires me to add
<domain type='kvm' xmlns:qemu='http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/qemu/1.0'>

in the beginning like this.
I'm wondering what this option does, since I am wary of adding it, considering it seems to contain a URL to an internet resource, and it is a HTTP link.
Is this a potential security risk? What does this download, if anything?
Could it lead to compromise of the VM or host, if maliciously modified by a man-in-the-middle attack?

A: That's an XML namespace definition, and the given URI is only used as an identifier; it doesn't cause anything to be downloaded (in fact if you try to use the URI here as a URL you'll see there's nothing there). The definition allows XML parsers to correctly validate the configuration file's syntax.


atom Alliance quality improvement advisors helped the Wabash Valley Care Coalition in Indiana to reduce adverse drug events (ADEs) related to anticoagulants. The Coalition's medication safety workgroup increased the number of patients educated on these medications in skilled nursing facilities and home health care by 49 percent in less than a year.
Decisions about end-of-life care are deeply personal and often based on a person's values and beliefs. Talking with loved ones and healthcare providers is an important step to making a person's wishes known. These conversations relieve loved ones and healthcare providers of the need to guess what a person wants when facing a healthcare crisis. The Community Action Network (CAN) hosts a panel discussion on initiating these difficult end-of-life conversations featuring experts and people with Medicare.
In Memphis, atom Alliance sponsored events that provided education to approximately 300 clinicians and healthcare navigators through face-to-face meetings and on-demand learning webinars . A monthly learning series for people with sickle cell disease (SCD) was also offered in partnership with the Sickle Cell Foundation of Tennessee. The work over the past two years has been focused on connecting patients with SCD Centers that deliver high-quality, comprehensive care designed specifically for individuals with SCD.
The American Diabetes Association Alert Day serves as a "wake-up call" to inform the American public about the seriousness of diabetes. The American Diabetes Association encourages people to join the movement to Stop Diabetes® by taking the Diabetes Risk Test and finding out if they, or their loved ones, are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The observance takes place on the fourth Tuesday of every March. This year it will be March 26, 2019.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 130 people die every day from opioid overdose — both from prescription and illicit drugs — and at least half of all deaths involve a prescription opioid. Opioid abuse was a central focus of the 2019 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Quality Conference, both on the main stage and in breakout sessions with experts. Read more for four takeaways and lessons learned on confronting the opioid epidemic.
These hand-picked resources were chosen to help providers and educate patients on tapering opioids. They were developed by the Team for Innovation in MEdication Safety (TIMES), a collaborative of healthcare providers and patients in Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee. The goal of TIMES is to improve medication safety by decreasing unnecessary medication use.
Watch the recent webinar "Opioid Tapering and Disposal Resources" for an in-depth explanation of the toolkit and its resources.
As small practices and solo practitioners prepare to submit their 2018 MIPS data while also preparing for MIPS Year 3, we understand that you may have unique challenges and questions. Understanding how small practices performed in previous years may help you better prepare for MIPS this year. This event features a panel of experts that understand MIPS and work regularly with small practices to help them succeed in MIPS.
During this session, Dr. Neil Stone from the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, will review the 2018 ACC-AHA Multi-Society Guidelines for more effective primary prevention of heart attack and stroke.
Explore the issues associated with bacterial burden in chronic wounds, discover the state-of-the-art in the biomarkers, diagnostics and imaging, and collaborate with professionals who face the problem of chronic wound bioburden head on. The program is uniquely designed to encourage discussion among the participants and faculty as complex issues associated with infection in chronic wounds are explored. The Summit will provide continuing education for physicians, nurses, and physical therapists.
Has your practice or health system successfully worked with patients to reduce high blood pressure and improve heart health? If so, you might be a 2019 Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Champion!
If you have achieved a blood pressure control rate of at least 80% for your patient population with hypertension, please share your success story and enter the 2019 Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Challenge by April 1, 2019 .
Visit the website for more information about the 2019 Million Hearts® Hypertension Control Challenge. Together, we can improve blood pressure control nationwide and ultimately save lives by preventing heart attacks and strokes.
Sign up at Providers.Exchange , our Quality Payment Program resource center for individualized support, events and resources, email TechAssist@Qsource.org , or call us toll-free Monday to Friday at 844-205-5540 from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. CT to connect to the technical assistance you need regardless of practice size or location.


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62-year-old laboratory school still on temporary site
by askaunty · Published October 26, 2016 · Updated October 26, 2016
Provost, Federal School of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jos, Dr. Sunday Etukudoh, has said that the inability of the 62-year-old school to move to its permanent site is affecting its activities.
"The school was established in 1954 but it is still stuck at a temporary site which has affected its desire to expand and get the best for its students," Etukudoh told newsmen in Jos on Monday.
He said that the school's situation was peculiar because no institution in the country had been left at a temporary site that long.
The provost said that the permanent site at Lamingo was still being constructed, noting that the Minister of State for Health, Dr Osagie Ehanire, inaugurated some structures at the site recently.
He, however, said some of the completed structures had not been paid for, adding: "Currently, we need two billion Naira to pay for work already done there.
''We want to appeal to the Federal Government to help us."
He said that the permanent site had no hostels, staff quarters or auditorium.
Etukudoh called for special intervention from the federal and Plateau governments to facilitate gradual movement to the site from the second week of November.
"We need to move as quickly as possible because of the Plateau Government, our landlord at the temporary site, gave us a quit notice in 2013," he said.
The provost also called for quick passage of the bill for a law to formally establish the school to enable it to access fund from Tertiary Education Trust Fund for infrastructure development.
"That status will also help the school to enjoy exchange programmes and open more avenues for scholarships and advanced courses for the scientists," he said.
He said that the school had trained 3,000 scientists in the last seven years, adding that more than 50 per cent of the scientists in hospitals in Northern Nigeria were its products.
Etukudoh said products of the institution were usually in high demand because quality had always been its premium.
"We place so much premium on quality because of the crucial role results from laboratory checks play in the healthcare delivery chain.
"We do not cut corners here. It is either you know it or you don't and you are shown the way out," he said.
The provost also spoke on the rivalry among professionals in the health sector and traced it to the post-Udoji period in the 1970s.
"The question we must ask is `why was there no such rivalry in the early 1970s?
"The rivalry started only after the post-Udoji period when the government introduced call duty allowances.
"It (rivalry), revolves around promoting self; creating self.
"Doctors, pharmacists, nurses, medical laboratory scientists and other workers in the health sector should be treated equally and should be on one ladder.
"Doctors spend seven years to qualify; scientists spend six years. So, the difference should be the entry level, but the allowances should be the same because they do the same work and take the same risks.
Tags: LaboratoryMinister of State for HealthDr Osagie EhanireSunday Etukudoh
Mali's president resigns and dissolves parliament
by Ask Aunty · Published August 19, 2020
Howard Schultz to Step Down as Starbucks Executive Chairman
by askaunty · Published June 27, 2018
Why Tanasha Donna plans to undergo plastic surgery
by askaunty · Published August 19, 2019
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Below is a link to see the instantaneous flow to the plant. The plant is designed to treat 8 mgd. During dry weather, flows average about 4 mgd or less. Wet weather events can result in flow rates drastically increasing.
"I&I" is a short acronym for a huge problem most sewer communities face, Infiltration and Inflow. Inflow occurs when rainwater is misdirected into the sanitary sewer system instead of storm sewers. Examples are: roof leaders, yard and area drains, manhole covers, and cross connections from storm drains. The remedy for inflow is to remove improper connections to the sanitary sewer system. Infiltration occurs when ground water seeps into the sanitary sewer system through cracks or leaks in sewer pipes. The cracks or leaks may be caused by age related deterioration, loose joints, damage or root infiltration. The remedy for infiltration is repairing or replacing the leaking infrastructure. Ignored I&I results in excessive flows in the sewers and into the wastewater treatment plant. This becomes a very costly problem for all of us.
I&I affects the quantity of wastewater that needs to be treated, the capacity of sewer pipes, the wastewater treatment plant and ultimately, the rates businesses and residents pay to operate and maintain them. The worst impact of I&I is the possibility of the excess sewage flowing out of the sewer pipe and into our environment. The excess flow can also cause sewage to backup into residents' homes, a nasty problem for homeowners. I&I also takes up valuable capacity in the WWTP and may limit future sewer connections. I&I adversely affects the nutrient loadings for the plant discharge. If ignored, I&I could cost the Township $20 million or more. Dover Township, along with its joint member townships, has embarked on a program to minimize I&I. Click on the link below to see the instantaneous flow rate.


Renewed focus on neurosurgical health care quality metrics dictates critical evaluation of current practices and their impact on postoperative complications, hospital costs and patient outcomes. Cranioplasty procedures in both adult and pediatric patients have been traditionally been associated with significant perioperative complications. Consensus on modifiable risk factors such as timing of surgery, nature of implants, CSF diversion and infection control measures are lacking. A multi-institutional retrospective registry-based study analyzes cranioplasty outcomes in pediatric patients to address 2 primary endpoints: infection and flap resorption. The predominant subgroup are patients with decompression for traumatic injury. Overall infection rate was 10.5% with cranial implants (shunts or bone implant), presence of gastrostomy and ventilator dependence status as significant predictors on multivariate analysis. These two risks factors may be potential surrogates for overall health and nutritional status. Overall rate of resorption was 21.7% with young age identified as a significant risk factor on multivariate analysis. In clinical practice, these risk factors are seldom modifiable, and may guide risk stratification in pediatric cranioplasty. Other possible risk factors identified in univariate analyses may be validated via prospective longitudinal studies to improve quality, healthcare costs and advance care of pediatric neurosurgical patients.
Good outcome study to look at the risk factors post-cranioplasty in the traumatic settings. The infection rate is higher than anticipated in the current literature even after all controlled measures.


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88th Academy Awards: Who Was Snubbed For This Years Oscars?
BEVERLY HILLS, CA - JANUARY 14: Atmosphere at the nominees during the 88th Oscars Nominations Announcement at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on January 14, 2016 in Los Angeles, California.(Photo by Jeffrey Mayer/WireImage)
In the Best Picture category, Star Wars: The Force Awakens got the cold shoulder, even though it's the highest-grossing domestic movie of all time. Avatar and Titanic, which are the second and third top-grossing films, were both nominated in that category, with Titanic winning the award. Straight Outta Compton, which was a critical darling and box-office hit, was also thought to be a shoo-in for a nod, but it didn't happen.
In the acting categories, Idris Elba (Beasts of No Nation), Will Smith (Concussion), Johnny Depp (Black Mass) and Kristen Stewart (Clouds of Sils Maria) were shut out. In the directing category, Steven Spielberg (Bridge of Spies), Quentin Tarantino (The Hateful Eight) and Ridley Scott (The Martian) were ignored.
In the Best Original Song original, Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth's Furious 7 tune "See You Again" didn't make the cut.
The 88th Academy Awards are February 28th.
Even Mark's Jealous Of Annastacia Palaszczuk Meeting A Celeb
Remember "Me and You and a Dog Named Boo"?
How John Farnham got to record his hit "You're The Voice"
Laurel, Gary & Mark remember radio legend Bert Robertson


Hill-cat Alathi is shadowing the caravan of The Merchant Coultar, when the chance arises Alathi steals a wallet from the tent of Coulter and its contents become a great mystery. Alathi then follows Coulter into Anatray a treasure site of unknown things. Together they awaken powers of the past and are summoned by the Moon Mirror.
The world of witches and witchcraft has always fascinated mankind and has always been with us Workers of dark magic, workers of wonders, givers of assistance from secret sources, walkers of the night, mistresses of ancient gods... wherever men and women have lived - there you will find the whispered lore of the holders of forbidden knowlege.
Here is a book written to order for the weaving of witchery on the wonder-seeking readers of science fiction and fantasy - and the weavers are thirteen of the best.
Here is Andre Norton of Witch World fame. Here is Katherine Kurtz of Deryni. Here is Taneth Lee of Delusion's Master. Here are Jacqueline Lichtenberg and Jean Lorrah of Zeor. And C.J. Cherryh, Jayge Carr, Jessica Amanda Salmonson, Charles Saunders, and others.
Hecate's Cauldron holds a terrifying feast for those who dare to partake of it.