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Home >  tt2 > core > tt_effrank.m

tt_effrank

PURPOSE

Effective rank of the TT-tensor (correct memory definition)

SYNOPSIS

function [reff]=tt_effrank(tt,s)

DESCRIPTION

Effective rank of the TT-tensor (correct memory definition)
   [REFF]=TT_EFFRANK(TT,S)
 May 26, 2011
 Vladimir Kazeev
 vladimir.kazeev@gmail.com
 INM RAS
 Moscow, Russia

CROSS-REFERENCE INFORMATION

This function calls:

mem	Computes the number of parameters in the TT-matrix

size	Mode sizes of the TT-matrix

mem	Computes memory for TT-tensor (only for cores)

size	Mode sizes of the TT-tensor

tt_qsize	For a QTT decomposition _tt_,

This function is called by:

SOURCE CODE

0001 function [reff]=tt_effrank(tt,s)
0002 %Effective rank of the TT-tensor (correct memory definition)
0003 %   [REFF]=TT_EFFRANK(TT,S)
0004 % May 26, 2011
0005 % Vladimir Kazeev
0006 % vladimir.kazeev@gmail.com
0007 % INM RAS
0008 % Moscow, Russia
0009
0010 d=size(tt,1);
0011 sz=tt_qsize(tt,s);
0012 n=prod(sz,2);
0013 mem=0;
0014 for k=1:d
0015     mem=mem+numel(tt{k});
0016 end
0017 a=sum(n(2:d-1));
0018 b=n(1)+n(d);
0019 reff=sqrt(mem/a+b^2/a^2/4)-b/a/2;
0020
0021 return
0022 end

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Xavier Joseph Huber (1864–1944) was a noted Swiss-born cyclist who won 60 medals and trophies in that country.

Life
Huber, born in Switzerland in 1864, "won recognition in his country for bicycle riding and during his career he won 60 medals and trophies in various competitions."

He moved to the Spokane, Washington area before the great fire of August 4, 1889.

"For many years Mr. Huber was engineer in the Desert hotel and later he landscaped some of Spokane's finest homes."

Huber died at home on Friday, January 21, 1944. He was survived by his widow, the former Anna Bittrick, and a large family, at S. 521 Arthur Street, Spokane. The body was handled by Ball & Dodd Funeral Home.

References

1864 births
1944 deaths
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
American people of Swiss descent
Swiss male cyclists
American male cyclists
Cyclists from Washington (state)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
2018-07-26 Summer Internships Turn Into Job Opportunities
Amaya Blanton, a recent Tyler ISD graduate, and Jackson Sorenson, soon-to-be senior at Robert E. Lee High School, have spent the summer preparing for their futures. In what began as summer internships secured with Neptune Custom Music Solutions, both have now received job offers from the local company as a result of their skilled contributions and output.
"We could not be happier with the work Amaya and Jackson have done for us," Jim Moseley, director of marketing, said. "They continually put out stellar content for us and we are excited to have them stay on to work part-time with us after school begins."
Amaya creates content for the company's new digital citizenship campaign called Neptune Navigate. Neptune Navigate is a tool for parents, schools, and religious organizations to help teach kids how to become better digital citizens. The content Amaya produces includes attention-grabbing graphics and collateral pieces for social media posts, flyers, videos and more. She will attend Tyler Junior College in the fall to begin pursuing a degree in Graphic Design.
Jackson puts his audio/visual skills to work creating, editing and packaging video and audio content for various company projects including Neptune Navigate and Splash Kingdom Water Park. He is in the audio/visual production program at the Career and Technology Center.

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text:
Q: R: "Error in m[, 1L] : incorrect number of dimensions" when installing a package When trying to install a package in R I get the following odd error and R does not load and return the CRAN selection menu. What causes this?
> install.packages("rJava")
Warning in install.packages("rJava") :
  argument 'lib' is missing: using '/home/jal/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.11'
--- Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session ---
Loading Tcl/Tk interface ... done
Error in m[, 1L] : incorrect number of dimensions
>

A: It appears the error was caused by networking issues. My wifi was connected but the access point required loading a web form and entering a user name and password. I had been logged in but been dropped and had to re-authenticate. Once I logged back in it worked fine.
I think the error message could be a bit more insightful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Bike culture, and Western culture in general, can have a real fixation with speed. How fast can you get from A to B? What's the fastest you can ride? How low can you get your time? And so on and so forth.
But when designing our bikes, we focused on something different — how slow can you go?
Why? Because you can raise your top speed through training and exercise, but your minimum speed is determined by the design of your bicycle. And your minimum speed, not your top speed, is what actually limits where you can bike.
If the minimum speed for your bicycle is too high, you just won't be able to tackle certain hills, bridges and climbs. This is why you don't generally see fixies used to climb mountains.
If you've ever stalled out while biking uphill, this is why.
Depending on how strong you are and what kind of shape you're in, you can generate a certain amount of power by pedaling.
Based on how steep a hill is, the amount of power you generate will translate into a certain speed in miles per hour.
Depending on the gear ratio of the gear you're in, that speed will mean you're turning your pedals a certain number of times per minute. This is called your cadence, and is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM)..
And here's the important part — if your cadence is too low while going uphill, you'll either stall out or tire out, or even hurt your knees from having to mash on the pedals. If you've ever stalled out while biking uphill, this is why. The gear you were in, combined with your power output, resulted in such a low cadence that your pedals basically stopped moving at all and you got stuck.
The general rule is that you want to maintain a cadence of over 60 RPM while climbing. And if you get under 40 RPM on a hill, it's bad news bears — you'll be coming to a stop very soon. So the minimum speed of your bicycle when you're climbing a hill, then, is the speed you'll go if you turn your pedals at 40 RPM in the lowest gear.
Let's try an example. Say you have a fairly standard single-speed or fixie with a gear ratio of 70 gear inches. At a cadence of 40 RPM with that gear ratio, you travel at 8.2 MPH, and that's going to be your minimum hill-climbing speed.
We'll say that you're a fairly fit commuter who can generate a continuous 200 watts of power for an hour.
On a 8% grade hill, that's going to result in a speed of 6.2 MPH.
That speed of 6.2 MPH is a fair amount lower than your minimum speed of 8.2 MPH, so you're going to be in a world of pain after a few minutes of this. Your cadence at 6.2 MPH is going to be about 30 RPM, which is just too low.
Sure, you can do a short sprint at a higher power output than 200 watts, but if this is a long incline, you're screwed.
For comparison, on our bikes we have the 3-speed drive setup so that if you're in the lowest gear, your minimum hill-climbing speed is 5.8 MPH. If you were climbing that same long 8% grade hill with the same average speed of 6.2 MPH, you'd be able to keep on trucking for at least an hour.
Select hands on the tops and enter your weight and a bike weight of 25 lbs.
Enter a slope of road of 8% or whatever grade you'd like.
Enter a power output of 200 watts or so, and hit Calculate.
I hope this post helped you understand how your bicycle's gears determine what kind of terrain you can tackle. If you enjoyed it, please share it on Facebook and sign up to the be the first to hear when we launch!
If you're wondering why our bikes are made with steel frames, Mission Bicycle has a great article about steel vs. aluminum.
TL;DR: Steel really is the best, strongest, and most durable material for a bicycle that's meant to get you from A to B.
What's particularly important for us is the part about durability. When a high-quality steel frame is taken care of, it has no defined expiration date. Steel can take a beating, rebound to its original shape, and keep going.


Wade, W. J. April 26, 1928.
Sept. 1, 2017, 2:52 p.m.
Wade, W. J. The Groom News (Groom, Tex.), Vol. 3, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 26, 1928, newspaper, April 26, 1928; Groom, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth637717/: accessed April 20, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Carson County Library.


text:
Raqiya Haji Dualeh Abdalla (, ) is a Somali sociologist and politician. She has held a number of senior policy-making posts in governmental, non-governmental and international institutions, including as Vice Minister of Health of Somalia. She was also a founding member of the Somali Women's Democratic Organization (SWDO), serving as the group's Acting Chairperson and Vice President. Additionally, Raqiya is the founder and President of the Somali Family Care Network.

Personal life
Raqiya was born in Somalia. For her post-secondary education, she earned a B.A. in Social Sciences from the College of Education in Mogadishu. Raqiya also holds a master's degree in Public Policy and Women in Development from the Institute of Social Studies which is part of Erasmus University Rotterdam based in The Hague, Netherlands.

Career
Raqiya is a trained sociologist. She has held a number of senior policy-making posts in governmental, non-governmental and international institutions.

Raqiya was a founding member of the Somali Women's Democratic Organization (SWDO). Established in 1977, it was the first women's parliamentary caucus in Somalia. She would also serve as the group's Acting Chairperson and Vice President. Among other initiatives, the SWDO was mandated with implementing the ruling Supreme Revolutionary Council's law prohibiting female genital mutilation. In this capacity, Raqiya initiated the first anti-FGM campaign in Somalia. In 1979, on behalf of the SWDO, she represented Somalia at the WHO global seminar in Khartoum. She was concurrently elected as Somalia's representative to the conference's five-person Sub-Committee, which was tasked with formulating resolutions and recommendations on FGM.

While working with the Ministry of Culture, Raqiya published Sisters in Affliction in 1982. It was the first book on infibulation by a Somali woman. The work had a widespread impact, particularly when it was later translated into Abdalla's native Somali language.

From 1983 to 1986, Raqiya was Somalia's Assistant or Vice Minister of Health. For a five-year period, she also served as Senior Program Advisor to the UNDP in Sudan.

Raqiya later served as a consultant for Immigrant and Refugee Services of America, a national voluntary agency. She therein held national workshops on reproductive rights for women immigrants from Somalia and Iraq, and worked with community leaders.

In 2001, Raqiya founded the Somali Family Care Network (SFCN) in Washington, D.C., serving as the group's President. The SFCN offers technical support to ethnic Somali community organizations in the United States. It also provides assistance on general health care to women immigrants from the Horn of Africa.

References

External links
Raqiya Haji Dualeh Abdalla - Sisters in Affliction

Living people
Ethnic Somali people
Somalian politicians
Somalian sociologists
Somalian emigrants to the United States
International Institute of Social Studies alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


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text:
How the PS5's specs could enable devs to create more realistic worlds
By Vic Hood 2019-11-06T13:09:22Z
(Image credit: SIE Santa Monica Studio)
The PlayStation 5 will be the gateway to more "realistic" worlds thanks to its next-gen hardware - and it looks like developers are pretty excited about it.
In an interview with Gaming Bolt, Keisuke Kikuchi, producer of JRPG Fairy Tail, expressed how the PS5's AMD Zen 2 processor and SSD will allow for the creation of more "natural" and "realistic" game worlds.
"I am glad that it will greatly broaden the range of depictions and operations, so I look forward to being able to have more natural depictions, and especially those that feel realistic, as if you are there," Kikuchu explained.
Xbox Project Scarlett: everything you need to know
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Sony PS5 controller: release date, news and confirmed features
Kikuchi also enthused about how the SSD will decrease loading times for PS5 games, allowing developers to create more elaborate cinematics.
However, with these hardware improvements also come potential issues. As Kikuchi points out, this increased realism will put a lot of pressure on the processor's clock speeds as the console works to output those improved visuals and effects. "I am also preparing myself that things may not go according to expectations," Kikuchi explained.
Not a huge surprise
(Image credit: Insomniac Games)
We're not surprised that developers are excited about the possibilities of the PS5. From what we've seen so far, the next-generation console has quite the hardware specs to play with.
For starters, the PS5 boasts an AMD Zen 2 processor which unlocks the powers of ray tracing, an advanced lighting technique that can bring next-level immersion to gaming visuals. It's typically only a feature that we've seen on PC and automatically ramps up graphical quality - outside of games, ray tracing is usually reserved for big-budget CGI spectacles.
The other key component in creating these "realistic" depictions is the PS5's SSD (Solid State Drive) which will give the console more in-built storage and making loading faster. Apparently this new SSD is 19 times faster than traditional SSD storage methods, which should result in almost seamless transitions.
Kikuchi touched on this in the interview, claiming that "the unnecessary loading time will be eliminated and the range of depictions will be increased, such as cinematics that go back and forth between multiple scenes."
Sony itself has pushed the idea of these decreased loading times and "dramatically improved graphics rendering" power.
In a statement sent out following a corporate strategy presentation earlier this year, Sony said the "two keywords for the future direction of PlayStation are 'immersive' and 'seamless'", with the 'immersive' experience "created by dramatically increased graphics rendering speeds, achieved through the employment of further improved computational power and a customized ultra-fast, broadband SSD".
(Image credit: God of War/SIE Santa Monica Studio)
Obviously to create more natural game world, a lack of loading screens is key. This seems to be something Sony is really focusing on with the PS5. A patent from Sony describes a type of loading software designed to essentially put an end to loading screens.
Sony's patent, 'System and method for dynamically loading game software for smooth game play' outlines a technology that tracks the player's movement through their environment, loading relevant assets as you move into certain areas.
This seems like a version of the technology used in games like God of War, which famously achieved a continuous camera shot throughout the whole game, without loading screens.
It'll be interesting to see the worlds that developers come up with when they harness the power of the PS5. But we'll have to wait until late 2020 to see them.
PS5 will double as a 4K Blu-ray player - here's why that matters
See more Gaming news
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AMD could have a record-breaking 2020 with Ryzen 4000 desktop CPUs and new laptop chips
The Witcher season 2: release date details, story, and what we know
Best wireless earbuds: the best Bluetooth earbuds and earphones in 2020


text:
Vol 16 No 2 (2019): Special Edition: Urban data assemblage
Data, Data Everywhere, Not a Lot in Sync Reconciling Visual Meaning With Data
Published Nov 8, 2019
DOI https://doi.org/10.17831/enq:arcc.v16i2.582
Pieter Marthinus de Kock
Up to 100 billion devices will be seeking to visually map out our existence over the internet by 2020 (UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser 2014). Just as the urban is a forcefield "of spatial transformations… that takes many different morphological forms" (Brenner 2014), this paper explores another underlying forcefield: our visual relationship with data. The most important piece of data, the individual, exists in the city as both prey and predator; having evolved from a "passive aesthetic view of the city" (Appleyard 1979, 144); transformed through shared territory (Evans and Jones 2008); and forged into impressively intricate sets of power relations through collective intentionality (Searle 2011). Through the presentation of self (Goffman, 1969, cited in Appleyard 1979, 146) we inhabit another home: the digital; in which we are simultaneously co-existent and removed by synchronisation of data. Traditionally, the software authoring the physical production of 'space/hardware' has been value driven (Raban, 1974, 128, cited in Appleyard 1979, 146). In a parallel universe, algorithms drive the data. For Ellis (2012) it is in the software, that meaning resides. What then is the allure of data to the individual? And what is the allure of the individual to data? It lies arguably in the perception of power and control through meaning (Appleyard, Searle et al.). We seek in the new reality to "discover where the real power lies" (Appleyard 1979, 146). Curiously, the power of data appears to increase the irrelevancy of ownership, between "ours" and "theirs" (Appleyard 1979, 152). This paper analyses past, present, and future states of data production. The data we get from data; data produced from objects; and objects produced from data. In closing, a speculative working hypothesis is presented of visual data production, which hopefully encourages further research reconciling data with meaning in the context of visual sustainability.
de Kock, P. "Data, Data Everywhere, Not a Lot in Sync". Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research, Vol. 16, no. 2, Nov. 2019, pp. 32 -49, doi:10.17831/enq:arcc.v16i2.582.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal which is under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
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Eggers, William D, Rob Hamill, Abed Ali, and Illustration John Hersey. 2013. 'Government's Role in Facilitating the Exchange', 15.
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The February 26th circus-themed Gala will be held at the Hyatt Regency Coconut Point Resort, and feature both local and national personalities for a night to remember.
Estero, Florida: Loren Allred, the singing voice behind the legendary Jenny Lind in the hit movie "The Greatest Showman," is using her impressive vocals to help raise awareness and funds to support the great work of the SWFL non-profit, Better Together. Better Together has been in operation since 2015 and their work has helped over 1,500 vulnerable children and over 5,000 families in SWFL.
The Gala is made possible through a city-wide collaboration of sponsoring agencies, which include Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida, IBERIABANK, Broadway Palm Dinner Theatre, City Furniture, Deangelis Diamond, J. Miller Insurance Group, Driftwood Garden Center, Diamond District, Hollie T. Photography and Tax Savers. NBC2's Rachel Pierce and ABC7's Annie Hubbell will emcee the evening event.
The Million Dreams Gala will be a chance for Southwest Florida families to witness, and play a part in, life-changing work in their backyard. To directly join a movement that's successfully combating big issues in our community, such as poverty and Child Abuse.
Individuals interested in attending, as well as companies looking to become a corporate sponsor, can learn more at https://dreamsgala.org/.
For media inquiries, please contact Phil Hegseth with Better Together at (651) 307-1002 or phil@bettertogetherus.org.


text:
Notes on the vocalizations of Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler (Cettia fortipes)
In the following we briefly analyze and compare voice of the different races of Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler (Cettia fortipes). We also try to quantify the extent of any vocal differences using the criteria proposed by Tobias et al. (2010), as a support for taxonomic review. We have made use of sound recordings available on-line from Xeno Canto (XC).
Song is structurally similar to e.g. Cettia diphone but higher-pitched: a long pure whistle (sometimes preceded by a single or several short notes) followed by a short loud phrase of several different notes. Our main interest is to compare the Taiwanese race with the mainland races. An overview (illustrated with multiple sonograms in the pdf version of this note):
robustipes (Taiwan)
Other races (from west to east): Pakistan, India, Vietnam, China
It is clear from the above examples that vocal variation of robustipes falls well within the range of other races. All basic sound parameters (note length, frequency, # of notes..) are about the same. One minor difference seems to be that robustipes reaches on average lower frequencies in the song phrase (with considerable overlap): 1600 - 1900Hz (n=7) vs 1600 - 2500Hz in other races (n=15)(score 1).
Vocal differences are thus very small.
This note was finalized on 2nd November 2015, using sound recordings available on-line at that moment. We would like to thank in particular the many sound recordists who placed their recordings for this species on XC:
More Information: on255_brownish-flanked_bush-warbler.pdf
Boesman, P. (2016). Notes on the vocalizations of Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler (Cettia fortipes). HBW Alive Ornithological Note 255. In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow-on.100255


Nearly two decades after first contemplating retirement from the law to a life as a gentleman farmer, Kendall-Jackson Winery Founder and Chairman Jess S. Jackson has finally gotten his wish and retired as Chairman of the Board of Kendall-Jackson Wine Estates. Barbara R. Banke, Jackson's wife and co-founder of the winery, has been appointed Chair for what is now known as Kendall-Jackson Wine Estates, encompassing not only Kendall-Jackson, but several other prominent California wineries, including La Crema, Pepi and Edmeades. Jackson, 70, said he intends to fully retire from service as a board director by year's end, closing the door on a second career that changed the face of the American wine industry.


text:
Clavidesmus funerarius is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1958, originally under the genus Orteguaza. It is known from Bolivia.

References

Onciderini
Beetles described in 1958


Located right in Old Quarter – the most famous Hanoi's tourist destination, these hotels below always are the perfect choice of many tourists because of its exquisite architecture and affordable price.
For those who want to find a comfortable place to stay with an affordable price, Hanoi 3B hotel is No.1 choice. The hotel features 24 rooms, divided into 4 types of room: Standard, Deluxe, Superior and Family Room. The hotel's architecture is very exquisite with a harmonious combination between classic and modern. Wooden floor, colorful pattern wallpaper combined with traditional Vietnamese-style bed, table and chair make you feel like you are living in a Vietnamese ancient house.
Just a few steps from 3B hotel, you can immerse yourself in the busy life in Hanoi. 3-star 3B hotel with 2-star price and 4-star service will be great base for you to explore Old Quarter and Hanoi capital city.
Situated in the heart of Hanoi Old Quarter, May De Ville Legend Hanoi offers a short distance to Hoan Kiem Lake as well as shopping centers and several popular attractions.
May De Ville Legend Hanoi features 35 rooms with stunning city view and well-equipped facilities. Bathrooms are modern and cozy with shower, tub (or Jacuzzi), hairdryer, etc. Reveil Restaurant on the first floor is a place where you can enjoy both Vietnamese and Western cuisine and Le Soleil Bar on the 10th floor offers guests a stunning city view and variety of delicious drinks.
Indochina Queen II is the newest hotel of Indochina Queen Hotel Group. Located in No.67 Thuoc Bac, Hoan Kiem district, it takes only about 3 minutes walking to Hoan Kiem Lake, 40 minutes by taxi to Noi Bai International Airport. You also can easily reach some well-known Hanoi's attractions such as Hanoi Opera House, Ho Chi Minh Museum, Dong Xuan market and other shopping centers.
Indochina Queen II is a mini-hotel, from the entrance to hotel's lobby, you have to across a red bridge, simulating The Huc Bridge. The hotel is suitable for small-groups, backpackers who want to discover the vibrant life of Hanoi.
Conveniently location, from the hotel, visitors only take 20 minutes walking to Bach Ma pagoda, Ho Chi Minh Museum and Dong Xuan market. 30 new rooms with full of modern facilities always bring guests comfort and satisfaction.
Hanoi Serene is situated in 10C Yen Thai, Hoan Kiem which is very convenient to get city center, Opera House, Hang Ngang or Hang Dao. If you are looking for a modern 3-star hotel, Hanoi Serene is your ideal choice. Serene always brings guests the best services and satisfies all the demands of customers such us free Wifi, 24-hour room service, free parking, non-smoking rooms, … Moreover, the hotel offers many exciting activities which bring unforgettable memories for guests in Hanoi. Hanoi Serene surely is one of the best 3-star hotels in Hanoi.
Located at 187 Lo Duc Street, Sao Mai is one of 2-star hotel near Hoan Kiem Lake. From the hotel, you can easily reach some famous attractions in Hanoi and shopping centers. Sao Mai features 60 well-equipped rooms with full of facilities such as elevator, restaurant, coffee shop, mini bar, TV, Wifi,… With beautiful and luxurious accommodations, helpful staffs and professional service, Sao Mai hotel will brings you cozy and "home from home" feelings.
With convenient location, just 2 minutes walking to Hoan Kiem Lake and 100 meters to Hanoi Cathedral, Camellia is great base for you to explore Hanoi. All the rooms in the hotel have wooden floors with big windows and are equipped with IDD telephone, air-conditioning, cable TV, refrigerator, comfortable bathroom (bath and hot shower), hair-dryer, ADSL Internet. Come to Camellia Hanoi hotel, you will be very satisfied with hotel's service.
You can visit our website to get more about Hanoi travel guides and tourism. For questions or suggestions, please feel free to let us know in the comments section and we'll do our best to reply to them as soon as possible. You can also share this article if you like it!


Ray Ozzie may be a lame duck at this point, as he will soon be leaving his Chief Software Architect post at Microsoft. But that hasn't stopped him from publishing an updated assessment of Microsoft's strategy and products.
The "Dawn of a New Day" memo makes it clear -- at least to me -- that Ozzie has concerns about Windows. He doesn't state this as bluntly as I just did. (And maybe the talk I've heard about an Ozzie vs. Windows Chief Steven Sinofsky feud is coloring my opinion here.) But you wouldn't catch any other member of Microsoft's top brass wondering aloud about the rightful reigning place of PCs in the future. Microsoft's official public stance is Windows PCs are now and will stay at the center of the computing universe, no matter what kinds of new devices become popular.
In his new memo, Ozzie described the "post-PC world" he sees coming -- a world of continuous services and connected devices. He noted that early adopters have "decidedly begun to move away from mentally associating our computing activities with the hardware/software artifacts of our past such as PC's, CD-installed programs, desktops, folders & files."
The PC client and PC-based server models have become immensely complex because of a number of factors, Ozzie argued, including how broad and diverse the PC ecosystem has become and how complex it has become to "manage the acquisition & lifecycle of our hardware, software, and data artifacts," Ozzie said.
I doubt the Windows management would state things this way, but there is some evidence they realize this as well. Microsoft has been trying to detangle the ever-growing body of Windows code via projects like MinWin, and is making noises about simplifying the acquisition of software and services via a Windows app store in Windows 8.
"It's undeniable that some form of this (PC) complexity is readily apparent to most all our customers: your neighbors; any small business owner; the 'tech' head of household; enterprise IT.
"Success begets product requirements. And even when superhuman engineering and design talent is applied, there are limits to how much you can apply beautiful veneers before inherent complexity is destined to bleed through.
He notes that there's a flip side of complexity: It also provides some gaurantee of longevity because of the interdependencies it creates. You can't just flip a switch and get rid of something that is so deeply embedded in your work and home life.
Ozzie isn't predicting the PC is going away overnight. "The PC and its ecosystem is going to keep growing, and growing, for a long time to come," he opined. But if and when the post-PC world arrives, users and vendors need to be ready for it, he said.
Connected devices in Ozzie's view, are not the PCs of today. While some ultimately may look like today's desktop PCs or laptops, they'll be more like embedded devices, optimized for varying purposes, he said.
These next-gen devices, according to Ozzie, will "increasingly come in a breathtaking number of shapes and sizes, tuned for a broad variety of communications, creation & consumption tasks. Each individual will interact with a fairly good number of these connected devices on a daily basis – their phone / internet companion; their car; a shared public display in the conference room, living room, or hallway wall."
"Indeed some of these connected devices may even grow to bear a resemblance to today's desktop PC or clamshell laptop," Ozzie continued. "But there's one key difference in tomorrow's devices: they're relatively simple and fundamentally appliance-like by design, from birth. They're instantly usable, interchangeable, and trivially replaceable without loss. But being appliance-like doesn't mean that they're not also quite capable in terms of storage; rather, it just means that storage has shifted to being more cloud-centric than device-centric. A world of content – both personal and published – is streamed, cached or synchronized with a world of cloud-based continuous services."
Ozzie's latest missive made it clearer, in my view, why he is leaving Microsoft. While there are some -- many, perhaps -- at the company who see things the way Ozzie does, I am doubtful that CEO Steve Ballmer and favored son Sinofsky do. Yes, Microsoft is pouring lots of marketing and development dollars into mobile and R&D, but decisions like prohibiting OEMs from preloading the more-touch-centric Windows Phone operating system on slates and tablets says to me that protecting the Windows PC fiefdom is Rule No. 1 in Redmond.
Secondly, if you look back at Ozzie's original Internet Services Disruption memo, some key changes for which he advocated haven't occured at all. Five years ago, Ozzie said that Microsoft needed to increase the tempo of delivery for both the base OS experiences and the additivie experiences and services that it delivered via its platforms division. Windows Vista was released to manufactuirng in 2006; Windows 7 in 2009. It looks like Windows 8 is on a track to hit in 2012. (However, it's looking like the Internet Explorer team may finally decouple its delivery schedule from Windows'; rumor has it the final IE 9 could be out before mid-2011.) Each Windows Live "wave" is as encumbered as Windows itself with planning, processes and procedures, making delivery anything but agile.
Ballmer recently told attendees at a Gartner conference that he considered the company's riskiest bet to be the next version of Windows. Yes, as a number of you readers have said, every version of Windows is risky because Windows is still Microsoft's biggest cash cow. There are more than a billion Windows PCs on the planet. Every new version is a "risk" to some degree.
But I can't help but wonder if the complexity in the OS itself, the PC ecosystem at large (as outlined by Ozzie) and in the competitive landscape also makes Windows 8, especially risky. Will Windows 8 really be an evolutionary release that will keep Windows PCs relevant in the post-PC new world? If so, in what way(s)?


"It is a shame for a man to grow old without seeing the beauty and strength of which his body is capable".
September is already here which leaves me reflecting on how far I've come in 2018, doesn't time fly by so fast?
This past Sunday, I took the afternoon off to go hiking at Hennops Hiking Trails. I must say, it's exactly the thing I needed. Some time away from the busy city to just immerse myself in the silence of the great outdoors.
I packed some sandwiches, juice boxes, tangerines and a kikoy as I hoped to find a nice picnic spot, and I did. Right by the river, after crossing the bridge.
Entrance charges are R 70 per adult, paid in cash.
If you're planning a trip here, it's quite scenic and family friendly so packing a picnic is a great idea. And oh, make sure to pack enough drinking water.
Other than having several hiking trails, Hennops also offers accommodation and camping options, check out their website here.


How the tobacco industry helped perpetrate the "Type A" personality myth and the idea that stress can kill us.
We writhe at night, awake in sweaty blackness, thinking about credit card debt. Or the dismal performance of our 401K. Or the electric bill, ever-rising with the mercury of summer. Or that rattle and hum of the air conditioner that's keeping us awake, and speaking of—Can you even feel the cool air in here?
Stress. So many minutes of our lives are spent fighting stress, numbing stress, silencing stress, keeping stress at arm's length, massaging stress, ignoring stress, being tackled by stress, incapacitated by stress, suffocated by stress. Feeling stressed about how much stress we have, how it will lead us to an early grave, how hot it is in this room, right now, how our minds won't settle and how our shoulder blades ache from the dull pain that started during college and never quite went away.
But what if stress, the beast, isn't so bad? What if the bulk of what we know about stress, namely the foundational 20th cenutry knowledge that went on to shape all the knowledge that came after it ... had a catch?
In an interview with NPR, Mark Petticrew, the director of public health research at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, reveals that the vast majority of early research on stress and its biological effects was funded by the tobacco industry. After examining millions of archived documents over the past 10 years, Petticrew and his colleagues now blow a whistle against the the taken-as-gospel work of stress pioneer Hans Selye.
And once again, it's a whistle blown in the direction of the tobacco industry.
In the case of Selye they vetted ... the content of the paper, they agreed the wording of papers," says Petticrew, "tobacco industry lawyers actually influenced the content of his writings, they suggested to him things that he should comment on."
[Cigarette manufacturers] also, Petticrew says, spent a huge amount of money funding his research. All of this is significant, Petticrew says, because Selye's influence over our ideas about stress are hard to overstate. It wasn't just that Selye came up with the concept, but in his time he was a tremendously respected figure.
The "Type A" personality, a forever co-conspirator of stress, was a term first coined in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman. And the source of their funding?
These new stress revelations may stress us out, yes, particularly since cigarettes have always been marketed to us as a stress reliever.
But as we stare at our screens during yet another work day, watching the hours creep by before we can leave and go home to a whole different series of problems, it's good to remember: There are plenty of ways to chill the fk out.


text:
Where did Neanderthals and Denisovan Man come from?
Neanderthals, Denisovans and our species (Homo sapiens) are commonly cited as closely related subspecies, even interbreeding with each other. Yet our species theoretically didn't migrate out of Africa until about 60,000 years ago, whereas Neanderthals were living in Europe a few hundred thousand years ago. Did they evolve out of Homo habilis, which migrated out of Africa before our species?
This suggests that Neanderthals must have evolved from Homo sapiens (or perhaps Homo habilis) stock in Africa before migrating out of Africa to Europe. However, conventional wisdom suggests that Neanderthal morphology was shaped by Ice Age Europe.
One possibility is that they evolved into a distinct subspecies in Africa, then migrated into Europe, where continuing evolution turned them into the familiar Neanderthals. But wouldn't this mean that Homo sapiens (the ancestor of Neanderthals) then migrated out of Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago?
Is this simply a question that hasn't been resolved, or is there a popular theory that explains the origin of Neanderthals and Denisovans?
evolution human-biology
David Blomstrom
David BlomstromDavid Blomstrom
$\begingroup$ You are calling Homo sapiens both 1) the current homo lineage and 2) the ancestor of Homo sapien and Homo neanderthalis, which make it a little hard to understand (you might want to have a look at this post). It gets even more confusing that most people call both neanderthals and modern humans as Homo sapiens (H. sapiens sapiens and H. sapiens neanderthalis). $\endgroup$ – Remi.b Feb 17 at 19:26
$\begingroup$ You just made my point. The precise classification and relationship between Homo sapiens and H. neandertalensis isn't really known. So where did Neanderthals come from? Did they evolve in Africa or Europe, and from WHAT did they evolve? Homo habilis? That's what I asked. $\endgroup$ – David Blomstrom Feb 17 at 19:53
$\begingroup$ Are you asking whether we have a name for the MRCA of sapiens and neanderthals? $\endgroup$ – Remi.b Feb 17 at 19:56
$\begingroup$ Yes, knowing the MRCA would be helpful. If Neanderthals evolved in Europe, and Homo sapiens didn't enter Europe until less than 60,000 years ago, then Neanderthals must have evolved from Homo habilis or some other ancient human. $\endgroup$ – David Blomstrom Feb 17 at 20:53
The topic is reviewed in a freely available Nature article, from which the figure below (I have added the labels 'Hominid' and 'Human') is taken. As can be seen it is thought that the lines leading to the ancestor of Neanderthals/Denisovans and that leading to modern humans diverged before humans had left Africa; and that the lines leading to Neanderthals and Denisovans split from their common ancestor subsequently.
You will notice that the article refers to "modern humans", rather than Homo sapiens, presumably because this terminology is confusing, whereas the picture is clear.
edited Feb 18 at 8:13
$\begingroup$ I noticed this morning that my labelling of the picture was confusing and have altered it. Likewise the text. Apologies. (Presumably those who voted for it were voting for the diagram, which tells the story itself.) $\endgroup$ – David Feb 18 at 8:15
$\begingroup$ "However, other hominins, such as Neanderthals, which disappeared from the fossil record about 40 kyr ago11 (Fig. 2), have been found throughout Eurasia as far back as 400 kyr." - This isn't really made clear in the picture. The "Out of Africa" there means just modern humans. $\endgroup$ – JollyJoker Feb 18 at 9:23
$\begingroup$ @JollyJoker The way I read the picture is that branches are genotype and geographic branches. I.e. Nendethals migrated to Europe and Asia, Denisovans migrated east into Asia and Oceania, but were not present in Africa. That is, you are right that the "Out of Africa" label refers to modern man, but the branches depict all migration. $\endgroup$ – Peter A. Schneider Feb 18 at 12:59
I think your whole issue is more a problem of semantic than phylogenetic.
You are asking for the name of the ancestor of Homo neanderthalis (aka. H. sapiens neanderthalis) and H. sapiens (aka. H. sapiens sapiens). You are asking whether H. sapiens is the ancestor in the sense that H. sapiens would not be monophyletic or whether maybe H. habilis could be the ancestor.
In general, any fossil we found (species are described after found fossils) are never a direct ancestor of a current lineage but always some kind of an offshoot. The reason is probabilistic. Go back long enough in time and the vast majority of individuals that lived at that moment did not live any offspring today (see coalescent theory for more info). As a consequence, the MRCA are typically not named.
So, one can talk about the phylogenetic relationships among species, one can talk about when did what substitution happen but calling one species as the descendent of another is mainly non-sense (simply because ancestors are not named).
These semantic difficulties with the concept of species are very common, even sometimes among trained evolutionary biologists. You might want to have a look at the post How could humans have interbred with Neanderthals if we're a different species? that talks about these difficulties.
Remi.bRemi.b
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged evolution human-biology or ask your own question.
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Eye For Beauty Blog welcomes back our expert from South Africa who will provide us with their extremely insightful reviews again. This special was extremely popular with our readers in 2011 and 2012 and we hope that you will enjoy these wonderful reviews again. I would like to sincerely thank our guest writer for agreeing to write for us again. I've been a fan of the Miss South Africa Pageant for almost 25 years and this is such a wonderful way to stay in touch with what is happening in South Africa even after leaving the country temporarily to work abroad.
A defining moment for any person, is that moment when in an instant your life changes. For Charlize Theron it was her tantrum in a Californian bank. She was noticed and in a few years she rose to stardom and exactly ten years ago, she won the coveted statuette for Best Actress. For some it may be their wedding day; or the day they buy their car. But for a beauty queen, her defining moment is that instant when she is named the fairest in the land. In just a few short days, the culmination of a dream will be realized by one South African stunner. One woman, one title, one winner! WHO WILL BE MISS SOUTH AFRICA 2014?
The Miss SA finalists have been for the past few weeks put through some rather crafty challenges. Some were a bit strange, others were avant garde and a few were exceptional. I would love to know if each contestant was scored through these challenges, as the judges were MIA through it all, well at least on television. For me the best challenge was walking on the runway in gowns at the pool, as the drizzles of rain began to pour, making the scene quite fabulous but also the runway rather slippery. The entire theme, the lighting and the gowns by Malcolm Kluk and Chritiaan Gabriel were absolutely awe-inspiring and I would LOVE this portion to actually be included during the live telecast. We have been promised a finale like no other; I really hope the production lives up to its promise. Even if I forgot to watch, there's this HUGE billboard coming right out of Sandton City reminding people to watch. I love this, I have never seen something like it before and when something is as close to your heart as this pageant is to me, I can only sit back and smile. And be thankful. That FINALLY something is being done to promote the pageant. So props to the team, to everyone who has worked so hard on making this pageant evolve.
I have some great expectations for the final event and cannot wait to see what will happen on the evening of Sunday, March 30th. I don't know about everyone else, but one of my absolute favourite things to do is to keep score. During each week's episodes, I sat down carefully and scored each contestant based on how they treated each challenge, how they looked, what they had to say and an overall impression that I got from the vibe they were giving off. I'm a keen follower of reality TV shows and it's nice to see Miss SA taking on a mixed incorporation of shows like America's Next Top Model andThe Janice Dickonson Show whilst still maintaining that pageant flavour.
Here is list of contestants in reverse order of preference, with the average composite score they obtained during my very enthusiastic pageant Sundays.
To me Dipalesa has flown way below the radar. She just goes with the flow, but has done nothing outstanding for me. I also find her the least memorable from the group of contestants. Internationally, she would be eaten alive at Miss Universe and Miss World. I do not see her in the pageant world, but she would be excellent in print media.
Julia is a returnee, having placed just outside the top 12 last year. Whilst she has shown considerable growth to me, I still find her bland and somewhat boring. She doesn't engage me but I do think she is facially pretty, the competition is just fierce this year.
Abigail has shown much focus during the pageant. I didn't quite "get" her until I saw how much fun she could be. I still think she needs a little time to blossom though, to reach her full potential.
She is exceptional in many ways. In fact, in my mind any girl who I have scored from 3rd-8th could easily make the top five because they're so neck-on-neck with the scores. Jade is well spoken, polished, has shown charisma and has a great personality. I reckon she could make the top 5 if she bedazzles in interview, because she is strong without doubt.
Another tall stunning woman who could surprise us all. She looks OK when she's just a normal girl, but add make-up and hair and she transforms into a tall, elegant swan. I predict it could go either way for her, she could be totally ignored or she could just stun and progress all the way to the top.
She decided to go red this year and I think she should have stuck with the brunette. This is just my opinion. She is polished, well spoken, has the body, the goods are there. There's just something a tad phony or forged which I am picking up. I could be wrong, and I may very well be wrong, but other than this (which is probably just me) she is a force to be reckoned with.
I was surprised she has nine siblings living in England, Canada, Australia and all over the world. She has similarities to gorgeous actress Emma Rossum and I am compelled to listen to her when she speaks and I am even more compelled to look when she comes on screen. She's enigmatic and perfect and I PRAY she makes the top five because she is so damn likeable.
Matlala has the best personality and she just shines on TV. She is not the prettiest or the most remarkable contestant, she is flawed but that's what I LOVE MOST about her. She doesn't care if she is flawed, she is insanely fabulous and I predict she will indeed make the Top five.
She is versatile, well spoken and she would actually do well internationally. She is beautiful and the thing I find very attractive about her she is oblivious to the fact she is so gorgeous, like she's completely unaware that she's a top dog in this pageant and could very easily even win this thing. In the last couple weeks, I have begun to think it's a 3-way game here. I always thought it was between two women but Tsego is right up there and if she wins, I will be ecstatic.
OK, there's something in the way she speaks, and the way she smiles, and the way she exudes this quiet confidence. Did I mention she has excellent speaking capabilities and the thing I really love is that when she speaks, even though it's gentle and beautiful, she COMMANDS you to listen. Very few women have this quality. She doesn't need to do anything more, because she is effortlessly gorgeous and well spoken. She could truly be the next Miss South Africa and I will be elated if she does, because she is EVERYTHING you need. One thing, and this is soooo superficial, if she does win, a teeny-tiny nose job would make her the next Tyra Banks, or Naomi Campbell. It's just slightly distracting, but if she fixes it, the world will be her oyster.
The part about Rolene is so exaggerated. If she were all that great she would've made top 3 in 2011 when Bam won. Even Ramona Moodley out did her.
Btw, I wonder if having known and competed with Melinda Bam will affect Rolene in a positive or negative way.


We have selected the Silver Legacy Resort and Casino as the host hotel for the competition. Located within blocks of the downtown courthouses, the Silver Legacy is completely connected to two other resorts and hosts an array of entertainment and dining options on site and within walking distance.
A room block has been set aside and favorable rates negotiated for the 2018 NHSMT competition.
Group reservations can be made by calling 800-687-8733. Please be sure to use the group code NHSMOCK to receive the rate. Reservations must be made by April 7, 2018.
Flying into the Reno Tahoe airport is a breeze, with nine airlines providing nonstop service from select cities. Downtown Reno is located approximately five miles from the airport.
When booking flights, be sure to shop around. Online travel sites like Travelocity and Expedia don't include Southwest Airlines, which comprise more than 50% of the flights into Reno. In addition, anyone having difficulty finding flights can send an email to flightassistance@renoairport.com and receive help. Helpful travel tips can also be found here.
The Silver Legacy offers free shuttle service daily from 5 a.m. – 12 p.m., running every 30 minutes. The shuttle leaves the hotel valet at the hour and half hour and picks up at the airport at 15 and 45 minutes past the hour.
If you choose to explore Reno and its beautiful surrounding areas, shuttle car rentals from most major rental companies are available at the Reno Tahoe airport.
The Silver Legacy has arranged for special car rental rates for attendees and a complete Enterprise rental desk is located in the Resort's lobby. Cars can be rented and returned at the airport or the hotel. For Enterprise reservations, please call 1-775-322-4755 and present your group discount code of L54H176.
Self and valet parking are available at the Silver Legacy, which is easily accessible from the airport.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import

from .base import STATUS_STRINGS
from .base import STATUS_NEW
from .base import STATUS_RUNNING
from .base import STATUS_SUSPENDED
from .base import STATUS_OK
from .base import STATUS_FAIL

from .base import JOB_STATES
from .base import JOB_STATE_NEW
from .base import JOB_STATE_RUNNING
from .base import JOB_STATE_DONE
from .base import JOB_STATE_ERROR

from .base import Ctrl
from .base import Trials
from .base import trials_from_docs
from .base import Domain

from .fmin import fmin
from .fmin import fmin_pass_expr_memo_ctrl
from .fmin import FMinIter
from .fmin import partial
from .fmin import space_eval

# -- syntactic sugar
from . import hp

# -- exceptions
from . import exceptions

# -- Import built-in optimization algorithms
from . import rand
from . import tpe
from . import mix
from . import anneal

__version__ = '0.1'


Tanzania is among the few countries in the world endowed with such a vast range of tourist attractions. Tanzania has 13 national parks, 29 game reserves, 40 controlled conservation areas and marine parks that are located in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. More than 25% of Tanzania's land area of about one million square kilometers is covered with magnificent game reserves and national parks. It is also home to Mt. Kilimanjaro, commonly referred to as the Roof of Africa. Kilimanjaro rises 5963 metres (about 19563 feet) above sea level. It is the tallest mountain in Africa and the tallest free-standing mountain in the world. The breathtaking natural beauty of Mt. Kilimanjaro inspired the legendary author Ernest Hemingway to camp at its slopes and wrote one of his famous novels "Snows of Mt. Kilimanjaro." The miles long silver sand beaches and the rich historical site of the spicy islands of Zanzibar are yet another attraction that Tanzania is blessed with.
The Ngorongoro Crater is among the world's largest. It is in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The crater is a renowned world heritage site and a natural wonder, earning the title of the Eighth Wonder of the World. Ngorongoro Crater is 2,286 meters above sea level, surrounded by steep walls rising 610 meters from the crater floor. It sprawls over 250 square kilometers. The crater is also home to thousands of animals. The Ngorongoro Crater has some world famous attractions, including the Olduvai and Laetoli Gorges. These are archeological and paleontological sites famous for the discovery made by Dr. Louis Leakey of the remains of Homohabilis or "handyman" and trails of footprints left by the three hominids 3.8 million years ago. Other discoveries include those of prehistoric elephants, giant horned sheep and enormous ostriches.
Serengeti National Park is the best-known wildlife sanctuary in the world. It is also famously known for its great migration of animals, thus making it the only place on the earth where there is a spectacle of 1.5 to 2 million animals on the march. Toward the end of May or early June, huge herds of wildebeest, gazelle and zebra begin their spectacular migration. Following the migration closely are the predators, the ions, cheetahs, wild dogs, hyenas and vultures circling overhead. Serengeti is also home to 35 species of plains animals including the "big give" - elephant, rhino, lion, leopard and buffalo.
Tarangire National Park is also located in the northern circuit. It is famous for its dense wildlife population which is most spectacular between June and September. During this period thousands of animals including wildebeest, zebra, eland, elephants, buffalo and oryx, migrate from the Masai steppe to the Tarangire River in search of water.
Lake Manyara Park is home to millions of flamingos, tree climbing lions and pythons. This is yet another unique attraction, which Tanzania is blessed with.
The Selous Game Reserve covers an area of 55,000 square kilometers. It has Tanzania's largest population of elephants, buffalos, hippos and wild dogs. Other commonly seen species in the Selous Game Reserve are are lions, bush boars, impalas, giraffes, greater kudus, zebras and baboons. Selous contains some of the finest virgin bush life in Africa.
Ruaha National Park is Tanzania's third largest park and the largest elephant sanctuary. The park derives its name from the great Ruaha River which flows along its entire eastern border creating spectacular gorges and scenery. Flowing into the Rufiji River, the Great Ruaha is home to hippos, crocodiles, waterbucks, reedbucks and buffalos. Bird life is prolific. Over 370 species have been recorded, some of which are not found in northern Tanzania. Eurasian migrants flock to Ruaha twice a year, in March to November, joining the resident kingfishers, hornbills, sunbirds, egrets and plovers.
Gombe Stream National Parkis harbosr some of the rarest species of animals in Africa, including chimpanzees, yellow baboons, sykes monkeys, red tailed monkkeys and savannah colobus monkeys. Gombe Park is famous for its chimpanzees. The famous British researcher Ms. Jane Goodall and her foundation continue to spend a great deal of time to study Gombe chimpanzees' communities.
Spicy Islands of Zanzibar... a visit to Tanzania cannot be complete without a visit to the Spicy islands of Zanzibar – a paradise where Arabia meets Africa. The islands of Unguja and Pemba that constitute the Spicy islands of Zanzibar have a long history that dates back to the time when Zanzibar was the Eastern gateway to the Middle East and Far East. It was therefore not by accident that explorers Livingstone and Burton established their homes there. Zanzibar was also the center of the infamous slave trade, and was at one time famous for the ivory trade. In the 19th century, cloves were introduced to Zanzibar. To date Zanzibar is still the world's largest clove producer. Its fame and beauty mesmerized and attracted the Sultan of Oman who designated Zanzibar his capital. "Beit-el Ajaib" (House of Wonders), which was the Sultan's Palace is worth seeing.
One of the most spectacular sites in Zanzibar is the Stone Town, which is its cultural heart. It has not changed in the last 200 years. The Stone Town is a place of winding alleys, bustling bazaars, mosques and grand Arab houses whose extravagance is reflected in their famous brass-studded and carved wooden doors. In addition to its rich history and attractive sites that Zanzibar offers, enthusiasts and relaxation seekers alike can enjoy walking miles of silver sand beaches or participate in water skiing, board sailing, diving, and swimming in warm waters. The Island of Pemba is rich in spices and beauty, and is an excellent diving destination, surrounded by fringing reefs, coral reefs, and coral islets which support coral down to 64 meters. About 50% of Tanzania's coral reefs are around Pemba. It is also famous for its deep sea fishing.
Besides the natural attractions mentioned above Tanzania has historical and cultural sites. The Coastal towns of Kilwa and Bagamoyo for example have long a long history and rich cultural traditions that date back to the 13th century. Kilwa was the center of gold trade and Bagamoyo was already well-established natural harbor, which bears the reminders of the infamous slaves' trade and ivory trade. This port was widely used by Arabs, Persians, Chinese and Portuguese traders.
Bagamoyo... in addition to its history, Bagamoyo also offers water sports, big game fishing and scuba diving. Its magnificent resort hotels are fully equipped for sports activities. About two miles south of Bagamoyo one can find the ruins of the once prosperous Arab town Kaole, which was forced into decline by the Portuguese in the 15th century. The Kaole ruins date back to the 12th century includes two mosques and a well which never runs dry. All these buildings were built using carved coral stone blocks. A safari to historical sites will also take you to another coastal world's heritage town of Kilwa.
Kilwa is home to the most spectacular 13th century a ruin on the East African Coast. It was during the 13th century that Kilwa established itself as a center for gold trade. Signs of its prosperity can still be seen through the ruins.
Dar es Salaam, which means "Heaven of Peace" in Arabic, is the commercial city of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam is one of the finest natural harbors in the world. Over the years, it has become a bustling port bust has retained its charm. The city is also a melting pot for both local and international cultures. The city has a rich history seen through its architectural delights that depict Asian, Arabic, British and German-Bavarian influence. The Asian influence is strong.
Southeast of Dar es Salaam lies a world-class paradise island for of divers, fisherman and water sport lovers. This is no other island than Mafia, an island at the far reaches of the ever-busy world. While on this island, time seems to come to a stop. Its warm waters are incredibly transparent with its rich variety of the coral permitting unimaginable quantity of fishes.
Amboni Caves are located in Tanga Region. They are limestone caves formed during the Jurassic Age some 150 million years ago and are the most extensive cave system in East Africa.
Isimla Stone Age Site is located in south of Iringa where in 1951 the richest finds of Stone Age were discovered together with many fossilized bones believed to be those of mammals related to the modern giraffes, but having much shorter necks and hippopotamus with unusual periscope-like projections.
Kondoa Irangi Rock Paintings in central Tanzania are some of the finest examples of rock paintings in the world. These paintings depict the animals and customs of the people at the time.
Kalambo Falls which drop 215 metres are found near the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika. It is one of the highest water falls in the world after Tugela Falls in South Africa.
Lake Victoria is the world's second largest fresh water lake after Lake Superior found in North America. It is here that the first European Burton Speke saw the source of the River Nile. The Lake is also famous for its large population of Tilapia and the Nile Perch. It serves as a bridge for the three East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The Lake also provides water for domestic, industry and irrigation purposes.
Lake Tanganyka is the world's second deepest fresh water lake. Famous for its large population of sardines and more than 250 different species of fish, the lake also links Tanzania with the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and Zambia.
Lake Nyasa is well known for its unique species of aquarium fish. The Lake also links Tanzania with Malawi.
Several Airlines including British Airways / American Airlines, KLM / Northwest, Swiss International Airline, South African Airlines / Delta, Air India, Emirates, Ethiopian Airline among others operate scheduled flights at competitive pries to all three major airports in Tanzania namely Dar Es Salaam, Kilimanjaro and Zanzibar International Airports.
There are also weekly charter flights from Europe that fly directly to Kilimanjaro and Zanzibar International Airports. For further details on schedule and charter flights, kindly contact the respective airline or your travel agent.
Once in the country, you can travel to all tourist destinations by air, coach, sea ferries or by renting a car. Some of the airlines that operate schedule and charter flights within Tanzania are Air Tanzania, Precision Air, ZanAir, Costal Aviation and TanzanAir. Coaches include Scandinavia Bus Services, Comfort, Dar Express, Royal Coach and many others. Most coaches start departing from 05.30 in the morning. Major car rental companies in Tanzania are Hertz, Avis, Rent-a-Car Tanzania, National, Evergreen, and HIMA to mention a few. Sea ferries to and from Zanzibar are Sea Express, Azam Marine, Sea Star Services and Mega Speed liner that has services between the Spicy Islands and Mombasa.
Affordable accommodation in convenient locations is available in major cities, towns, beaches and in national parks. Visitors have a wide choice of accommodation to choose from. Ranging from renowned five star hotels, serviced apartments to comfortable guesthouses. Some of these hotels are Legacy Royal Palm, Golden Tulips, Holiday Inn, Dar Es Salaam Courtyard, Impala, Serena, The Palms, Protea and many others are known for their hospitality and quality services and mouth watering international and local cuisines. Luxurious Lodges at the National Parks include Sopa, Serena, Tarangire Sanctuary, Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara among others offer beautiful panoramic views and relaxing romantic atmosphere. Protea Blue Beach resorts, Beachcomber, Zanzibar beach resort, Mafia Lodge are some of the comfortable beach resorts that one can stay at while in Dar Es Salaam, Zanzibar or Mafia.
Nature lovers and camping enthusiasts can stay at luxurious camp lodges or camp at camping sites located in the vicinity of most of the national parks, beaches, Arusha and Kilimanjaro towns. Local tour operators in Tanzania will be glad to assist with all travel, accommodation, safari or other needs.
Those arising from investments in the above two areas.
Tanzania's endowment with a wide range of natural resources provides immense potential business opportunities.
Abundant arable land - Tanzania has nearly 90 million hectares of arable land which is suitable for all agricultural purposes. Only 17 per cent of this is utilized. The remaining 83 per cent is available for new investment in direct crop production, livestock production, poultry production, etc. There are also numerous related opportunities such as supply of agricultural inputs, provision of extension services, marketing/export of agricultural produce and agro-based -industrial activities.
Abundant mineral resources - Gold, Diamond, gemstones such as Tanzanite and Ruby, Coal and Natural gas provide unlimited mining and related opportunities such as supply of mining equipment, provision of exploration services, processing and export of mineral products. The development of mining centers would naturally attract other essential services such as medical care, education, water supply, supermarkets, transport services, etc, all of which constitute important business opportunities.
World famous tourist attractions – Kilimanjaro Mountain, Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, Manyara Game Reserve, Selous Game Reserve, Mikumi and Katai National Parks and the beautiful beaches on the Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar provide an array of tourism related business and investment opportunities such as Hotel and restaurant services, Air charter and land transportation services and tourist guides services, and so on.
Large Water masses which include the Indian Ocean, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa, and several large rivers provide numerous business opportunities related to fishing, sea and lake transport, water supply for both domestic and commercial purposes, irrigation and electricity generation.
Tanzania's strategic geographical location on the shores of the Indian Ocean makes it an outlet for several neighboring countries - Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Malawi and Zambia. This strategic location provides numerous business opportunities related to sea, lake, road and rail transport, clearing and forwarding and insurance services.
Existence of large tracts of natural vegetation provides business opportunities related to lumbering, bee keeping and hunting activities.
Privatization of Public Enterprises - Since the early 1990s, Tanzania has been implementing an extensive programme to privatize over 400 public enterprises across all sectors of the Tanzania economy. This programme provides a range of business and investment opportunities, including outright purchase of public firms (100% share ownership), joint ownership with government as a minority or majority shareholder, or management contracting. By end of 2002, 324 public enterprises had been privatized. Over 70 firms were still available for privatization. Some of the major parastatals currently on privatization include Air Tanzania Corporation, Tanzania Railways Corporation, Tanzania Harbors Authority and Dar es Salaam Water Supply Authority. There are also several ranches which are on sale, covering a total of 634,597 hectares.
Details regarding the privatization requirements for each of these enterprises as well as the entire privatization programme in Tanzania can be obtained from the Presidential Parastatal Sector Reform Commission (PSRC) at www.psrctz.com.
Social Services - including Education, health, Water Supply in order to develop a quality labor force needed to work in the various sectors of the economy. Related to these services are opportunities in the supply of educational materials, medical supplies, water purification chemicals, and water drilling and exploration equipments. Given the growing Tanzania population, the demands for these services along with the related activities continue to grow as well.
Transport - The ever growing demand for road, water, rail and air transport services provide lucrative opportunities. Opportunities include those related to infrastructural development such as construction and operation of a road or railway line and actual provision of transport services such as bus service, boat/cruise services, air/charter services etc.
In the mid 1990s, the Government launched a concession system that encourages private investors, both local and foreign to invest in infrastructural development projects under the Build, Operate and Transfer scheme (BOT). To assist investors identify feasible projects, the Government has earmarked the following road stretches for Private Sector Investment; at least for a start.
Kigamboni Bridge Project to connect Kigamboni Peninsula with the rest of Dar es Salaam city.
Many more specific projects can be identified on site.
Communication - Increased activities in various sectors of the Tanzania economy has created increased demand for more and efficient communication services in order to facilitate communication between Tanzania and the rest of the world. This presents enormous investment opportunities related to the provision of essential communication services such as telephones, Fax, internet, postal and courier service, radio, TV, newspapers etc.
Financial Services - Corresponding to the expansion of the Tanzanian economy is increased demand for financial services, including banking, insurance and Bureau de Change, etc. which present attractive investment opportunities. Already there are several Banks operating in Tanzania. The major ones include the CRDB 1997 Ltd., Barclays Bank Tanzania Ltd., Diamond Trust Bank Ltd., Citibank Tanzania Ltd., NBC 1997 Ltd., Kenya Commercial Bank Tanzania Ltd., Akiba Commercial Bank Ltd., Standard Chartered Ltd., National Microfinance Bank Ltd. and the International Bank of Malaysia (T) Ltd. Others are Exim Bank Tanzania Ltd., Eurafrican Bank Ltd., Habib African Bank Tanzania Ltd., Kilimanjaro Cooperative Bank Ltd., and the People's Bank of Zanzibar Ltd.
Manufacturing - provides a wide range of opportunities, including textiles, food processing, brewing, etc.
Trading in a variety of goods and services, both for the domestic and export markets.
Hospitality: Hotel and Restaurant services.
Construction - Opportunities exist in various sectors e.g. construction of roads, airports, ports, railways, buildings/houses, Dam/wells etc.
Housing to cater for the housing needs of people in different social categories.
AGOA - Tanzania is among AGOA-eligible sub Saharan African countries which have already qualified for full benefits provided under the African Growth and Opportunity Act of 2000 (AGOA). This provides opportunities for Tanzania exporters to export into the USA market quota and duty free. Tanzania is also among African countries whose exports to the European market enjoy preferential treatment under the EU "All products but Arms Scheme". In addition, investing or doing business in Tanzania provides preferential access to the East African and SADC markets to which Tanzania is a founding member.


prepared for war a few years before it actually began.
problems. The English people didn't think it was necessary for them to enter the war.
reason is that it is geographically in the center of Europe and between its enemies.


In comedy, chuffed endings get to the bottom of real-world conflicts. those conflicts, in flip, go away their mark at the texts within the type of gaps in plot and inconsistencies of characterization. Greek Comedy and Ideology analyzes how the constitution of historical Greek comedy betrays and responds to cultural tensions within the society of the classical city-state. It explores the utopian imaginative and prescient of Aristophanes' comedies--for instance, an omnipotent urban inhabited by means of birds, or a global of unlimited wealth presided over via the god of wealth himself--as interventions within the political problems with his time. David Konstan is going directly to study the extra deepest international of Menandrean comedy (including diversifications of Menander through the Roman playwright Terence), during which difficulties of social prestige, citizenship, and gender are negotiated via elaborately contrived plots. In end, Konstan appears to be like at an imitation of historical comedy through Moliére, and how within which the ideology of rising capitalism transforms the premises of the classical genre.
This ebook used to be switched over from its actual version to the electronic layout through a neighborhood of volunteers. you'll locate it at no cost on the internet. buy of the Kindle variation comprises instant supply.
Most classical authors and smooth historians depict the traditional Greek international as basically strong or even static, as soon as the so-called colonization flow got here to an finish. yet Robert Garland argues that the Greeks have been hugely cellular, that their flow was once necessary to the survival, luck, and sheer sustainability in their society, and that this wandering turned a defining attribute in their tradition. Addressing a overlooked yet crucial topic, Wandering Greeks makes a speciality of the diaspora of tens of millions of individuals among approximately seven hundred and 325 BCE, demonstrating the measure to which Greeks have been prone to be compelled to depart their houses because of political upheaval, oppression, poverty, struggle, or just a wish to greater themselves.
Attempting to go into into the way of thinking of those wanderers, the ebook presents an insightful and sympathetic account of what it intended for historical Greeks to half from all people and every little thing they held pricey, to begin a brand new lifestyles elsewhere--or even to develop into homeless, residing at the open street or at the excessive seas without finish to their trip in sight. each one bankruptcy identifies a selected form of "wanderer," together with the abroad settler, the deportee, the evacuee, the asylum-seeker, the fugitive, the commercial migrant, and the itinerant, and the ebook additionally addresses repatriation and the belief of the "portable polis." the result's a bright and targeted portrait of historical Greece as a tradition of displaced persons.
A regular Greek reference device permitting scholars to benefit vocabulary speedy through directory phrases in accordance with their frequency of use within the New testomony.
The unique CliffsNotes examine courses supply specialist remark on significant topics, plots, characters, literary units, and old background.
People haven't replaced considerably within the a long time on the grounds that Aristotle first lectured on ethics on the Lyceum in Athens. The human varieties and difficulties coated in CliffsNotes on Aristotle's Ethics are well-known to each person. the foundations of behavior and reasons of advantage and goodness that he proposes can assist humans of all eras larger comprehend their function in society.
Classic literature or glossy modern day treasure — you'll realize it all with specialist info and perception from CliffsNotes learn courses.
Starting with Homer and finishing in past due antiquity with Christian and pagan reflections on divine and human order, this quantity is the 1st normal and entire remedy of Rome ever to be released in English. Its foreign staff of uncommon students comprises historians of legislations, politics, tradition and faith, in addition to philosophers. the quantity will lengthy stay an available and authoritative advisor to Greek and Roman brooding about govt and neighborhood.
Due to a global colloquium held on the British Museum in 1992, this e-book is basically dedicated to the topic of Egypt's family with the Mediterranean international within the moment millennium BC. the results of the outstanding discoveries at inform el-Dab'a, the location of historical Avaris (the Hyksos capital of Egypt), shape the first concentration, with papers on Egypt's connections with Cyprus and Minoan Crete, and chronological difficulties additionally mentioned. those are positioned in a much broader context via additional contributions on Egypto-Minoan family members more often than not, at the proof for Mycenaeans in Egypt and the presence of Orientalia at Mycenae, on Aegean effect in Egypto-Canaan, at the resources of Egyptian copper and at the nature of overseas trees imports into Egypt.
Greece within the Making 1200–479 BC is an available and complete account of Greek background from the tip of the Bronze Age to the Classical interval. the 1st version of this e-book broke new flooring via acknowledging that, barring a small variety of archaic poems and inscriptions, nearly all of our literary proof for archaic Greece stated in simple terms what later writers desired to inform, and so was once topic to systematic choice and distortion. This ebook deals a story which recognizes the later traditions, as traditions, yet insists that we needs to essentially confront the modern proof, which is in huge half archaeological and artwork old, and needs to make experience of it in its personal phrases.
In this moment variation, in addition to updating the textual content to take account of contemporary scholarship and re-ordering, Robin Osborne has addressed extra explicitly the weaknesses and unsustainable interpretations which the 1st version selected in basic terms to omit. He now spells out why this ebook gains no 'rise of the polis' and no 'colonization', and why the therapy of Greek cost overseas is unavoidably unfold over quite a few chapters. scholars and lecturers alike will rather relish the improved dialogue of financial background and the extra systematic remedy of problems with gender and sexuality.
The essays during this quantity have been written to have fun the 60th birthday of G. E. L. Owen, who through his essays and seminars on historic Greek philosophy has made a contribution to its learn that's moment to none. The authors, from each side of the Atlantic, comprise not just students whose major learn pursuits lie in Greek philosophy, yet others most sensible identified for his or her paintings often philosophy. All are students or more youthful colleagues of Professor Owen who're indebted to his perform of philosophical scholarship as a first-order philosophical job. on the middle of G. E. L. Owen's paintings has been a preoccupation with the position of philosophical mirrored image on language within the metaphysics and epistemology of Plato, Aristotle and different old Greek thinkers. this is often for that reason the overall subject of the current quantity, along with 5 papers on Plato's severe dialogues and 7 on Aristotle, prefaced by means of on Heraclitus and via a research of the talk in Hellenistic philosophy at the sorites. it is a publication for experts in Greek philosophy and philosophers of language for you to even be of curiosity to a couple linguists.
In deepening our realizing of the symposium in historic Greece, this e-book embodies the wit and play of the photographs it explains: these adorning Athenian ingesting vessels from the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. The vases used at banquets usually depict the particular drinkers who commissioned their construction and produce the flowing jointly of wine, poetry, track, video games, flirtation, and different components that shaped the advanced constitution of the dinner party itself. an in depth analyzing of the gadgets dealt with via drinkers within the photographs finds numerous metaphors, really that of wine as sea, all expressing quite a lot of attitudes towards an ambiguous substance that brings cheer yet can also reason harm.
Not basically does this paintings supply an anthropological view of old Greece, however it explores an actual iconographic procedure. In so doing it's going to inspire and enhance extra mirrored image at the function of the picture in a given culture.
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