text:
Top 10 Most Expensive & Cheapest Manhattan Neighborhoods to Rent for 2022
Rachel McCray
Learn what are the most expensive and the most affordable neighborhoods in Manhattan, NY. Find out neighborhood rental averages and how much salary is required to afford to live in these areas.
Manhattan may the city of dreams but it is also notorious for its high rent prices.
Many people interested in moving to New York City do not even consider renting in Manhattan because of this.
While some of the most expensive neighborhoods in the country are located here, there are also neighborhoods that make it possible to live here sustainably.
There was again a huge decline in rental prices in Manhattan at the beginning of last year, with the market nearly fully recovering and rebounding by year's end.
Even if the median rental prices slipped in Manhattan it actually didn't have a great effect on which neighborhoods could claim to be the most expensive and the most affordable.
In fact, rental asking prices are notably higher in November of last year than the current standing median price for the whole of last year.
This is significant as rental prices usually drop during fall and winter.
First off, here is a breakdown of the average rental prices for one, two and three-bedroom apartments.
Average Rent Price History by Borough
Beds Studio1 Bed2 Beds3 Beds4 Beds
Date range Last 3 MonthsLast 6 MonthsLast 1 YearLast 2 YearAll Time
Boroughs ManhattanBrooklynBronxQueensStaten Island
Median Rent From the Previous Calendar Year
Apartment Size
One-Bedroom
Two-Bedroom
Three-Bedroom
Average Monthly Rent
Average Yearly Income Needed
$119,520 $163,360 229,000
Top 5 Manhattan Neighborhoods with the Priciest Rent
Manhattan zipcodes are known to have some of the country's most expensive real estate.
We will count down to the highest priced neighborhood in Manhattan.
PropertyNest's Salary Calculator makes it convenient for renters to find out what they need to earn to be able to afford to live in each neighborhood.
We took the average of all one, two, and three-bedroom rentals to extract the top 5 list.
Please keep in mind that the numbers are all averages within each respective neighborhood.
5. Chelsea - Median Rent: $8,633
Chelsea is clearly one of the most desirable neighborhoods to live in in Manhattan, so it should not come as a surprise that Chelsea often ranks in the top ten priciest neighborhoods.
This area has a lot to offer its residents and visitors alike--a large array of great restaurants, bars, art galleries, and shops.
The Highline is an elevated urban park that runs the whole of Chelsea straight up to the Hudson Rail Yards.
Chelsea also has an amazing waterfront park as well as a complete sports and recreation facility.
The popular Little Island park can also be accessed at the south end of the neighborhood.
Median Rent in Chelsea
Median Monthly Rent
150,800 $249,680 427,160
4. Flatiron District - Median Rent: $8,775
This neighborhood has got a lot going for it and it's understandable why this area has emerged as one of Manhattan's most desirable neighborhoods.
The Flatiron District hails its moniker from one of the most iconic buildings in New York City--the Flatiron Building, which is only one of many historic and notable buildings.
The area has a long history as commercial district and only saw its residential real estate's viability beginning in the mid-1980's.
Today there's plenty of good shopping, acclaimed restaurants, theaters, and museums within the beautiful aesthetic of beaux-arts architecture.
At the very heart of this neighborhood is Madison Square Park, which just happens to be the birthplace of the first Shake Shack.
Median Rent in Flatiron District
3. SoHo - Median Rent: $9,480
When one imagines the most expensive neighborhoods of New York City, SoHo is one that comes to most people's minds.
Once the home to thousands of immigrants in tenement housing, this neighborhood has become synonymous with cool and posh.
Soho is known for the trendiest boutiques, fashion houses, galleries, and restaurants.
However, what put it on the map is the real estate. The whole area is chock full of historic cast-iron building facades and incredible sprawling loft spaces.
It continues to be a very desirable neighborhood for New York's wealthiest.
Median Rent in SoHo
2. Tribeca - Median Rent: $11,507
Over the past decade Tribeca has risen to the top of the ranks now making it the hottest area in the city to live.
Many celebrities including Taylor Swift, Robert De Niro and Jay-Z & Beyonce call it home.
This small neighborhood has an industrial-meets-classic feel to it.
It is known for its sprawling loft and warehouse conversions.
The converted loft buildings have more spacious apartments, higher ceilings, and open floor plans.
The more "affordable" units tend to be in newly-constructed developments in the area.
It is a family-friendly area with gorgeous green spaces.
Residents also enjoy the neighborhood's trendy restaurants, unique boutiques, art galleries and gourmet coffee shops.
Median Rent in Tribeca
$5,772 $10,158 $16,454
1. Midtown- Median Rent: $12,072
Midtown is not usually what New Yorkers think of when it comes to the most exclusive neighborhoods.
As a matter of fact, Midtown is mostly known for commerce, the Theater District, and shopping.
While there are quite a number of attractions, most New Yorkers don't really think of it as a place to live, but a place to go to.
However, in the past decades, it has increasingly become a place to live, especially for people who need to work in the area.
Another attractive feature is the strategic location, being at the heart of everything. This means short commute times to uptown, downtown, Queens, and Brooklyn.
An increasing number of luxury hi-rises going up in the area, not to mention that Billionaires' Row is now a thing in Midtown, and have all contributed to the rising prices, and possibly why this area has the top spot.
While Midtown isn't exactly affordable, the prices are marginally better than much of the other top five spots in studios, one-beds, and even two-beds.
However, it's the larger apartments--the four-beds and up that price the competition out. The median price of these larger units is a whopping $32,425 a month!
Median Rent in Midtown
Honorable Mentions of Expensive Neighborhoods in Manhattan
Even though on average the monthly asking price dropped overall in 2021 in Manhattan, the top five did make a few changes.
SoHo got bumped up a spot, and the Flatiron District and Chelsea rounded out the top five, pushing out NoHo and NoMad.
NoHo remained in the top ten but NoMad dropped out of the top ten entirely.
SoHo, Flatiron District, and Chelsea made the list because their rental prices were able to hold on and recover during the course of the year.
NoHo
It shouldn't be a surprise that this neighborhood is often listed as one of the most expensive neighborhoods as it is surrounded by some of the priciest areas of lower Manhattan such as Nolita, Greenwich Village, Soho, and the Union Square area.
SoHo, its southern neighbor definitely has a more widespread reputation as one the trendiest areas of New York City.
Noho is a quiet and exclusive haven wedged between the hustle and bustle of the East Village and the West.
While you can still find some affordable apartments in the area, the real prizes are the sprawling converted loft units that will price most people out.
NoMad may not have the same celebrity cache as Tribeca or SoHo but make no mistake, this relatively new district has its fair share of high rollers.
Not quite Flatiron, Chelsea, or Midtown, NoMad has its own unique vibe that deserved its own moniker. Dubbed NoMad or North of Madison Square Park by the real estate industry, it's found significant success in this marketing strategy.
NoMad is a small neighborhood that abuts the north border of Flatiron, that packs a punch with its impressive array of restaurants, high-end hotels, museums, and shops.
Top 5 Cheapest Manhattan Neighborhoods for Rent
The two words "cheap" and "Manhattan", do not usually accompany each other in the same sentence.
Many people, even NYC residents, are not aware of the affordable living options available to them.
PropertyNest will unveil the not-as-talked-about neighborhoods that may convince readers that living in the city is possible!
It should come as little surprise to many that all of our most affordable neighborhoods reside in upper Manhattan.
While it may seem upper Manhattan is a forgotten area of the city, many of discovered not just cheap rents, but amazingly vibrant neighborhoods.
We will be counting down to the cheapest neighborhood in Manhattan to rent.
5. Chinatown -Median Rent: $2,523
Being in lower Manhattan adjacent to trendy areas like the Lower East Side, Nolita, and SoHo makes it shocking that it's rounded out the cheapest five neighborhoods in Manhattan this year.
However, it's actually consistently in the top ten most affordable neighborhoods of Manhattan.
The studio and one-bedroom apartments tend to be very affordable for Manhattan prices and even the two bedrooms are significantly cheaper than their neighbors.
Chinatown is a quick walk to the trendier areas but has its own interesting shops and restaurants you won't find anywhere else in the borough--not to mention some of the best Chinese and Southeast Asian cuisine.
There are also great little parks and squares that dot the neighborhood that offer refuge from the heavy traffic of lower Manhattan.
$90,320 $137,400
4. Hamilton Heights - Median Rent: $2,385
Many New Yorkers may not be entirely familiar with Hamilton Heights, which is located north of Manhattanville and west of Harlem.
The area is home to a two historic districts, buildings and sites, as well as gorgeous Riverbank State Park, City College of New York, and the Dance Theatre of Harlem.
Hamilton Heights has recently seen an influx of millenials who have discovered the beauty of this historic area and the rock bottom prices.
Low rental prices may not stay that way. Even this neighborhood has seen a rise on pricing for new leases.
A one-bedroom once ran on average well below $1,700. Today, although you can still find deals for $1,650 or $1,700, it's leveled around $2,070, with plenty of higher cost options.
$76,920 $93,560 $106,640
3. Washington Heights - Median Rent: $2,300
Similar to how Williamsburg is the hipster hangout in Brooklyn, the same can be said for Washington Heights in Manhattan.
Many millennials who can no longer afford to live in Bushwick and Williamsburg, are choosing to live here.
In addition to affordable rent; ethnic foods, green spaces, and a serene environment allures most people to take up residence in neighborhood.
It is located in the northern portion of Manhattan and offers more breathing room, if you will.
Although it seems somewhat removed from the rest of the city a commute to downtown doesn't take very long at all.
Furthermore, the apartments in this neighborhood are spacious and much more affordable.
2. Fort George - Average Rent: $2,146
Like Inwood, Fort George is one of the hidden and undiscovered gems of Manhattan.
Fort George borders Inwood, Hudson Heights, and Washington Heights
It is known for being one of the hilliest and high elevation neighborhoods of the island. Some curved rising streets might even remind you of winding roads in European cities like Paris.
This tranquil neighborhood also borders Fort Tryon Park, where one can gain easy access to the Cloisters Museum.
The neighborhood has always been known for its affordability and it's no surprise that it's made the list for one of the cheapest neighborhoods to live in Manhattan.
Once troubled with crime, today's Fort George has a markedly different tone and has converted into an alternative for those who can't afford to live in popular areas of Manhattan and Brooklyn.
1. Inwood -Median Rent: $1,978
Inwood is also known as "the last affordable neighborhood in Manhattan," and many don't know what they are missing out on!
Inwood is located at the northernmost tip of Manhattan.
It is a very community-oriented, low-key neighborhood bounded on three sides by the Harlem and Hudson Rivers.
Over half of its residents are foreign born.
The area used to be plagued by crime and violence, but has steadily gotten better since the 1990s.
The neighborhood's specific zoning restrictions limit building heights to seven stories.
Although it does not host the luxury apartments that can be found in Tribeca or Chelsea, it does have many spacious co-ops and low-rise walk-up tenements for a great value.
If you were to name neighborhoods that just missed to top 5 picks, you could be there for a while listing all the expensive areas of the borough.
If living in lower Manhattan is preferable, you'll be able to find some deals in Chinatown, Little Italy, and even in the East Village.
These three neighborhoods have held onto lower averages with one-bedrooms averaging $2,950, $3,000, and $3,350, respectively.
This may be far a cry from the lowest 5 neighborhoods, but it's significantly lower than the surrounding neighborhoods in lower Manhattan.
Another lesser-known gem of Manhattan is Morningside Heights, which continually offers some of the most affordable prices in the borough.
This charming neighborhood is home to Columbia University and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine--the fifth largest Christian Cathedral in the world.
This neighborhood has access to Central Park, Morningside Park, and Riverside Park, and is home to plenty of great restaurants.
Harlem is also a classic Manhattan neighborhood that's managed to stay affordable although prices have risen in the past few decades.
Manhattanville is a much lesser-known neighborhood of Harlem, sandwiched between Morningside Heights and Hamilton Heights.
Some may consider Manhattanville synonymous with West Harlem
The area is the lowest-located neighborhood of all the most affordable areas of the city, making average commute times to mid or lower Manhattan slightly faster than that of Hamilton Heights.
This is a bustling area with access to the A/B/C/D and 1 train lines, as well as many shops and restaurants, and easy access to the waterfront along the Hudson, and Riverbank State Park.
The area is popular for students and faculty attending and working at Columbia University, Union Theological Seminary, Teachers' College, Manhattan Music School, and City College, CUNY.
Just living here gives you savings over renting even in Morningside Heights which is just a stone's throw away.
Try the PropertyNest rent affordability calculator and find out what salary you should be making in order to rent in your desired Manhattan neighborhood.
Stats for rental medians were aggregated from PropertyNest's proprietary data for all rentals in Manhattan from studio to four-plus bedroom listings. The data was collected over one calendar year to reflect seasonal changes. Some neighborhoods were not included or considered due to scarcity of rental data.
Top 10 Most Expensive & Cheapest Brooklyn Neighborhoods to Rent for 2022 The Best Neighborhoods to Rent in Manhattan 2022 The 13 Most Expensive Co-Ops in New York City Top 10 Most Expensive and Cheapest Neighborhoods to Rent in Queens 2022


Looking for a social game of Bowls in the local area? We have the following schedule available.
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Maria Helena Morgani de Almeida, Rosé Colom Toldrá, Marina Picazzio Perez Batista, Ana Cristina Fagundes Souto; Reliability and Validity of the Brazilian Version of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Am J Occup Ther 2016;70(2):7002290050p1-7002290050p8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.017624.
OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument.
METHOD. A sample of 118 older adults provided data for testing construct validity and internal consistency, and 14 provided data for testing test–retest reliability. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess construct validity.
RESULTS. The Function component had excellent test–retest and total internal consistency reliability. Factor analysis revealed that the Upper Extremity Function and Advanced Lower Extremity Function domains were similar to the original analysis. The Disability component showed adequate to excellent test–retest reliability, except in the Management role; total internal consistency was excellent. Factor analysis revealed that its domains were similar to the original analysis, except for some items.
CONCLUSION. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument is recommended for assessment of Brazilian community-dwelling older adults who are functionally independent and who do not require mobility assistance.


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What is a CDP Exactly? A customer data platform (CDP) is a data management solution that imports customer data from multiple sources, integrates, cleans and organizes it, and creates a unified profile of every single customer. CDPs then take that structured data and push it out to other martech platforms and web systems to enable advanced customer-centric functionality like personalization. CDPs are becoming mission-critical for any organization that is serious about adopting customer-centric business and marketing strategies, and will be a core component in a company's ability to serve up a holistic, consistent experience to your customers.
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Forrester Consulting: Total Economic Impact™ of Arm Treasure Data CDP
Arm Treasure Data commissioned Forrester Consulting to conduct a Total Economic Impact™ study to analyze the risks and variable costs in deploying a customer data platform (CDP). After interviewing four customers, from different industries, Forrester revealed that with such investment marketers can reach 802% ROI. They also discovered that a CDP leads to improvements in conversion and close rates, larger sales transactions, improved customer retention, and lower advertising and marketing operations costs.
How to Evaluate a CDP: 4 Top Considerations
8 Tips for Cutting Through the Customer Data Platform Hype
Customer Data Platforms and Analytical CRMs Share the Same DNA
8 Insights from Acquia's Acquisition of CDP Provider AgilOne
What to Expect From CX in 2020: 3 Accelerating Trends
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CDP vs. DMP: Which is Right for Your Business?
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Customer Data Platforms Best Practices and Challenges
Tips for Evaluating, Setting Up and Supporting Your CDP
Can VoC Data Easily Integrate With Customer Data Platforms?
How to Use a CDP to Engage Customers Outside the Realm of Marketing
Digging Deeper into Customer Data Platforms
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Sep 20, 2018 view comments...
Understanding the Myths and Realities of a True CDP
Apr 22, 2019 view comments...
Choosing a CDP Vendor? 5 Questions to Ask Before Taking the Plunge
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Is That New CDP Truly a Customer Data Platform?
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Clearing Up CDP Misconceptions
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Arm Treasure Data is a global leader in Customer Data Platforms (CDP) and enterprise data management. Providing the ability to aggregate and translate massive volumes of scattered and siloed data. Acquired...
Brian Carlson
Brian Carlson is the Founder and President of RoC (Return on Content) Consulting, a digital content consulting and development firm. He has over 20+ experience as a digital leader and...
Dom Nicastro
Dom Nicastro is a Boston-based staff reporter at CMSWire. The former editor-in-chief of a daily newspaper, he reports on a wide range of topics, including social business, digital asset management,...
Omer Artun
Omer Artun is the Chief Science Officer at Acquia. He was previously the founder and CEO of AgilOne, which was acquired by Acquia in December 2019. Artun holds a Ph.D. in Computational...
Dawson Whitfield
Dawson Whitfield is the co-founder and CEO of Looka, an AI-powered logo maker that provides business owners with a quick and affordable way to create a beautiful brand. Dawson co- founded Looka...
Phil Britt
Phil Britt is a veteran journalist who has spent the last 40 years working with newspapers, magazines and websites covering marketing, business, technology, financial services and a variety of other...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Four Simple Steps to Creating a Powerful Money Saving Tax Strategy!
Whenever I meet with potential clients, they often get a funny look on their faces when I mention tax planning. They either have never heard of it or their accountant has never done it for them. Amazingly, many accountants are not providing tax planning services for their clients.
They are simply satisfied to put the client's numbers on tax forms every spring. In most cases, the client doesn't know there is a better way. You know who these people are, however, because they are always complaining about the amount of taxes they pay!
Tax planning is the proactive development of systems and strategies for reducing taxes on income for a given year to the absolute legal minimum that must be paid. I have personally created tax plans that have saved my clients anywhere from $2,500 to over $1,000,000 in a given year.
An initial interview is done to gather all relevant information about your financial situation, income, and upcoming taxable events such as the sale of a business or property.
Based upon that interview, a preliminary projection of potential tax liability is prepared. This is the starting point of the tax plan.
Using every legal strategy and loophole in the tax laws, I determine which tax reduction strategies will work using your specific, unique circumstances and we develop a plan for implementing these strategies.
Once the tax plan is completed, a final projection of estimated tax liability is prepared. I meet with you to review the tax plan and assist you with implementation. We make sure that all necessary taxes that need to be paid are paid timely to avoid penalties.
The end result is that you can save anywhere from a few thousand to millions of dollars on your taxes depending on your income and unique circumstances.
It is not cheating on your taxes -- over reporting expenses or under reporting income. That's tax fraud and could land us both in jail.
It doesn't cost you a lot of money. In fact, it is an investment that can yield you a huge cash on cash return in tax savings compared to the dollars you pay for the planning work.
In summary, having a sharp CPA do tax planning for you and your business is an essential part of being a proactive business owner and will keep more of your hard earned money where it belongs – in your pocket!


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package org.apache.ignite.examples.ml.tutorial;

import org.apache.ignite.Ignite;
import org.apache.ignite.IgniteCache;
import org.apache.ignite.Ignition;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.math.functions.IgniteBiFunction;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.math.primitives.vector.Vector;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.preprocessing.encoding.EncoderTrainer;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.preprocessing.encoding.EncoderType;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.preprocessing.imputing.ImputerTrainer;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.preprocessing.minmaxscaling.MinMaxScalerTrainer;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.preprocessing.normalization.NormalizationTrainer;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.cv.CrossValidation;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.cv.CrossValidationResult;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.paramgrid.ParamGrid;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.scoring.evaluator.Evaluator;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.scoring.metric.classification.Accuracy;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.split.TrainTestDatasetSplitter;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.selection.split.TrainTestSplit;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.tree.DecisionTreeClassificationTrainer;
import org.apache.ignite.ml.tree.DecisionTreeNode;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * To choose the best hyperparameters the cross-validation with {@link ParamGrid} will be used in this example.
 *

 * Code in this example launches Ignite grid and fills the cache with test data (based on Titanic passengers data).

 *

 * After that it defines how to split the data to train and test sets and configures preprocessors that extract
 * features from an upstream data and perform other desired changes over the extracted data.

 *

 * Then, it tunes hyperparams with K-fold Cross-Validation on the split training set and trains the model based on
 * the processed data using decision tree classification and the obtained hyperparams.

 *

 * Finally, this example uses {@link Evaluator} functionality to compute metrics from predictions.

 *

 * The purpose of cross-validation is model checking, not model building.

 *

 * We train {@code k} different models.

 *

 * They differ in that {@code 1/(k-1)}th of the training data is exchanged against other cases.

 *

 * These models are sometimes called surrogate models because the (average) performance measured for these models
 * is taken as a surrogate of the performance of the model trained on all cases.

 *

 * All scenarios are described there: https://sebastianraschka.com/faq/docs/evaluate-a-model.html

 */
public class Step_8_CV_with_Param_Grid {
    /** Run example. */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println(">>> Tutorial step 8 (cross-validation with param grid) example started.");

        try (Ignite ignite = Ignition.start("examples/config/example-ignite.xml")) {
            try {
                IgniteCache<Integer, Object[]> dataCache = TitanicUtils.readPassengers(ignite);

                // Defines first preprocessor that extracts features from an upstream data.
                // Extracts "pclass", "sibsp", "parch", "sex", "embarked", "age", "fare" .
                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Object[]> featureExtractor
                    = (k, v) -> new Object[]{v[0], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6], v[8], v[10]};

                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Double> lbExtractor = (k, v) -> (double) v[1];

                TrainTestSplit<Integer, Object[]> split = new TrainTestDatasetSplitter<Integer, Object[]>()
                    .split(0.75);

                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Vector> strEncoderPreprocessor = new EncoderTrainer<Integer, Object[]>()
                    .withEncoderType(EncoderType.STRING_ENCODER)
                    .withEncodedFeature(1)
                    .withEncodedFeature(6) // <--- Changed index here.
                    .fit(ignite,
                        dataCache,
                        featureExtractor
                    );

                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Vector> imputingPreprocessor = new ImputerTrainer<Integer, Object[]>()
                    .fit(ignite,
                        dataCache,
                        strEncoderPreprocessor
                    );

                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Vector> minMaxScalerPreprocessor = new MinMaxScalerTrainer<Integer, Object[]>()
                    .fit(
                        ignite,
                        dataCache,
                        imputingPreprocessor
                    );

                IgniteBiFunction<Integer, Object[], Vector> normalizationPreprocessor = new NormalizationTrainer<Integer, Object[]>()
                    .withP(2)
                    .fit(
                        ignite,
                        dataCache,
                        minMaxScalerPreprocessor
                    );

                // Tune hyperparams with K-fold Cross-Validation on the split training set.

                DecisionTreeClassificationTrainer trainerCV = new DecisionTreeClassificationTrainer();

                CrossValidation<DecisionTreeNode, Double, Integer, Object[]> scoreCalculator
                    = new CrossValidation<>();

                ParamGrid paramGrid = new ParamGrid()
                    .addHyperParam("maxDeep", new Double[]{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10.0, 10.0})
                    .addHyperParam("minImpurityDecrease", new Double[]{0.0, 0.25, 0.5});

                CrossValidationResult crossValidationRes = scoreCalculator.score(
                    trainerCV,
                    new Accuracy<>(),
                    ignite,
                    dataCache,
                    split.getTrainFilter(),
                    normalizationPreprocessor,
                    lbExtractor,
                    3,
                    paramGrid
                );

                System.out.println("Train with maxDeep: " + crossValidationRes.getBest("maxDeep")
                    + " and minImpurityDecrease: " + crossValidationRes.getBest("minImpurityDecrease"));

                DecisionTreeClassificationTrainer trainer = new DecisionTreeClassificationTrainer()
                    .withMaxDeep(crossValidationRes.getBest("maxDeep"))
                    .withMinImpurityDecrease(crossValidationRes.getBest("minImpurityDecrease"));

                System.out.println(crossValidationRes);

                System.out.println("Best score: " + Arrays.toString(crossValidationRes.getBestScore()));
                System.out.println("Best hyper params: " + crossValidationRes.getBestHyperParams());
                System.out.println("Best average score: " + crossValidationRes.getBestAvgScore());

                crossValidationRes.getScoringBoard().forEach((hyperParams, score)
                    -> System.out.println("Score " + Arrays.toString(score) + " for hyper params " + hyperParams));

                // Train decision tree model.
                DecisionTreeNode bestMdl = trainer.fit(
                    ignite,
                    dataCache,
                    split.getTrainFilter(),
                    normalizationPreprocessor,
                    lbExtractor
                );

                System.out.println("\n>>> Trained model: " + bestMdl);

                double accuracy = Evaluator.evaluate(
                    dataCache,
                    split.getTestFilter(),
                    bestMdl,
                    normalizationPreprocessor,
                    lbExtractor,
                    new Accuracy<>()
                );

                System.out.println("\n>>> Accuracy " + accuracy);
                System.out.println("\n>>> Test Error " + (1 - accuracy));

                System.out.println(">>> Tutorial step 8 (cross-validation with param grid) example started.");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A must-read: a reporter's guide to covering the Olympics Snapshots from Beijing
(Letter) Why Has 'China Bashing' Become So Popular?
Written by guest on Friday, August 1st, 2008 at 9:05 pm
Filed under:-mini-posts | Tags:olympics, report
Alan Miller of Huffington Post explains the rise in negative reporting on China, and the bigger picture beyond the Olympics.
14 Responses to "(Letter) Why Has 'China Bashing' Become So Popular?"
China has come to represent our most intensified fears, of runaway eco-destruction, rampant consumerism and unfettered expansion … Perfect example of "seeing the speck in others eyes and missing the log in ones' own eye."
Bashing China will not help us feel better about ourselves — and will only entrench an unhealthy outlook — while doing absolutely nothing to aid any democratic developments in China. It is time we stopped with this pc-version of western moral superiority and conducted our discussions about China in a somewhat more balanced manner….That'll be the day. These "KIll them all and let God sort 'em out" bunch of fearmongers. As they like to say, "It's easier to ask for forgiveness later than to get permission in the first place."
TommyBahamas Says:
Looking forward to the Next 4 years of UK bashing … now this one is the father of all lies.
August 1st, 2008 at 6:39 pm Charles Liu Says: @Anon, I'll take the "the Games is not helping the poor" point…….Did the Atlanta Games help the poor? Housing projects where torn down, homeless people were arrested, poverty among African Americans were hidden from the visitors. Is that helping the poor? What hypocrisy that we are faulting China now:
"Atlanta's Olympic Legacy: More Poverty, Less Freedom"
http://www.cohre.org/store/attachments/Atlanta_background_paper.pdf
http://action.web.ca/home/housing/resources.shtml?x=66836&AA_EX_Session=2ad3c2e6a9bf9d3f54250e3e021294ba
The same thing happened during Sydney:
http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/features/homeless.htm
I think someone has already mentioned before that even though a lot of the unpleasent of China is in a sense not that new, but since the attention is coming due to Olympics…it's not a surprise why there will be much noise surrounding it. On the other hand, what happens afterwards could be another matter. Maybe.
August 2nd, 2008 at 12:01 am
TB, feel free to take it up with Center On Housing Rights and Evictions, ABC Australia…
@Charles Liu – Errrmmm . . . Random guess . . . . Because the Chinese government arranged a sporting event which 22,000+ foreign journos have been invited to only to discover (Shock! Horror!) that some sites were blocked at the media centre . . . . which it now seems have been unblocked.
As for US politicians, if they weren't going after China for "stealing jobs", they would be going after NAFTA or the EU.
August 2nd, 2008 at 1:29 am
China basher he might be, but that Ai Weiwei does certainly have a mouth on him:
""It looks like China is becoming more distant from the rest of the world, but actually it is becoming closer. Before, we lacked communication and it seemed everything was all right. But the Olympics is a wonderful thing for China. It shows all the problems. The Chinese government are very willing to learn from it."
Rather than covering up its faults, Ai says the government needs to show the reality of modern China. "To show your weakness is power. You don't need to pretend. No one is perfect in this world. Telling people the old system is not working is not shameful. We all know that."
But other countries also need to learn. "It is the same for the outside world. For a long time there was a lack of communication, so there are a lot of cliches about China [that] are outdated. But before they find something else they can relate to, they have nothing else to use."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/02/china.olympicgames2008
Netizen Says:
Charles Liu,
There are some people trying to get their 3 minutes under the sun. After Olympics, no one will notice them, so they have all come out of the woodwork before the Olympics. After 2 weeks, we will have a quieter time.
Theo Says:
August 2nd, 2008 at 2:07 pm
One might ask the question why "China Boosting" become so popular.
MoneyBall Says:
@FOARP
AiWeiWei is a nutjob and jerk in noway he's " one of China's most influential intellectuals", but hes right this time.
Charles Liu - wubaidang Says:
Theo, great question. I for one would not have felt the need to defend a billion people who are voiceless in my society, had our media not painted China in such a negative, unreal tone.
In effect these China-bashing has not only generated the backlash, and support for the Chinese government domestically, they also elicited sympathy and alternative voice to the "mainstream views" maintained by our military-industrial-media-complex in America.
Netizen K Says:
Is Ai Weiwei trying to get a share of the credit on the Bird's Nest? He seemed to be a consultant for the project, but on official papers, he is not credited for anything. See following (from Arup.com):
Design consortium:
Herzog & de Meuron Architekten AG
China Architectural Design and Research Group.
In new articles based on interviews with him, it hinted he had a more prominent role in the design. But it is not recognized officially. Ai is famous for his antics to draw attention. Once he dropped some precious pottery on film.
I'm more suspicious now that NYT calls Ai Weiwei "Bird's Nest Designer"
http://olympics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/chinas-olympic-crossroads-birds-nest-designer-ai-weiwei-on-beijings-pretend-smile/
This NYT article named different designers for the Bird's Nest:
"Designed by the Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, the stadium lives up to its aspiration as a global landmark. Its elliptical latticework shell, which has earned it the nickname Bird's Nest, has an intoxicating beauty that lingers in the imagination. Its allure is only likely to deepen once the enormous crowds disperse and the Olympic Games fade into memory."
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/05/sports/olympics/05nest.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin
Beyong China-Bashing, by Fareed Zakaria
'China bashing is not just a right-wing phenomenon. The left-of-center New
Republic ran a cover story last month with the headline, "Meet the New
China (Same as the Old)." Inside, the magazine thundered that "our ultimate
solidarity" should lie not with the "odious government" in Beijing but "the
billion long-suffering men and women of the world's largest dictatorship."
Except that Chinese people (who, by the way, number 1.3 billion, not 1
billion) seem to disagree. About the same time as the New Republic hit the
stands, the Pew Research Center released the findings of its 2008 Global
Attitudes Survey. Of the 24 countries surveyed, the Chinese people
expressed the highest level of support for the direction in which their
country was heading — 86 percent. Nearly two out of three said the
government was doing a good job on issues that mattered to them. The survey
questioned more than 3,212 Chinese, face to face, in 16 dialects across the
country. And while it could be argued that people might not speak freely to
pollsters in China, there are many indications that these numbers express
something real. Such polls have been done for years, and the numbers
approving of the Chinese government have risen as the economy has grown (as
should be expected).'
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/postglobal/fareed_zakaria/2008/08/beyond_china-bashing.html


text:
Q: Python pickle crash when trying to return default value in __getattr__ I have a dictionary like class that I use to store some values as attributes.  I recently added some logic(__getattr__) to return None if an attribute doesn't exist.  As soon as I did this pickle crashed, and I wanted some insight into why?
Test Code:
import cPickle
class DictionaryLike(object):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.__dict__)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if(self.__dict__.has_key(key)):
            return self.__dict__[key]
        else:
            return None

    ''' This is the culprit...'''
    def __getattr__(self, key):
        print 'Retreiving Value ' , key
        return self.__getitem__(key)

class SomeClass(object):
    def __init__(self, kwargs={}):
       self.args = DictionaryLike(**kwargs)

someClass = SomeClass()
content = cPickle.dumps(someClass,-1)
print content

Result:
Retreiving Value  __getnewargs__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File <<file>> line 29, in <module>
    content = cPickle.dumps(someClass,-1)
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable`

Did I do something stupid?  I had read a post that deepcopy() might require that I throw an exception if a key doesn't exist? If this is the case is there any easy way to achieve what I want without throwing an exception?
End result is that if some calls
someClass.args.i_dont_exist

I want it to return None.

A: You need to raise an AttributeError when an attribute is not present in your class:
def __getattr__(self, key):
    i = self.__getitem__(key)
    if i == None:
        raise AttributeError
    return self.__getitem__(key)

I am going to assume that this behavior is required.  From the python documentation for getattr, "Called when an attribute lookup has not found the attribute in the usual places (i.e. it is not an instance attribute nor is it found in the class tree for self). name is the attribute name. This method should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an AttributeError exception."
There is no way to tell pickle etc that the attribute it's looking for is not found unless you raise the exception.  For example, in your error message pickle is looking for a special callable method called __getnewargs__, pickle expects that if the AttributeError exception is not found the return value is callable.
I guess one potential work around you could perhaps try defining all of the special methods pickle is looking for as dummy methods?

A: Implementing __getattr__ is a bit tricky, since it is called for every non-existing attribute.  In your case, the pickle module tests your class for the __getnewargs__ special method and receives None, which is obviously not callable.
You might want to alter __getattr__ to call the base implementation for magic names:
def __getattr__(self, key):
    if key.startswith('__') and key.endswith('__'):
        return super(DictionaryLike, self).__getattr__(key)
    return self.__getitem__(key)

I usually pass through all names starting with an underscore, so that I can sidestep the magic for internal symbols.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sea wall funding sought for Marshalls
8:46 am on 3 November 2010
The Marshall Islands is seeking $26 million in aid money to help build about five kilometres of sea wall to protect the capital, Majuro.
Virtually all of the Marshall Islands is a little more than a metre above the high-tide mark.
The Environment Protection Authority says the plan is to build a wall on Majuro first, before doing the same on the other populated atoll.
It says it could take up to three years to build the first wall.
Microsoft to gobble up Activision in $US69 billion metaverse bet
NSW and Victoria bring forward Covid-19 vaccine booster to 3 months, Queensland to open international border
World RSS


text:
216 The Keller Family's Decision
 Although from the surface, Rhode could be sure that there wouldn't be much of a problem because even if those flame reels were really purchased by the Keller family, they still couldn't explain anything. However, Keller was clear that the problem didn't lie there. More importantly, if it was really as Rhode had said, it would only be a matter of time before the Keller family and the Jade Tears mercenary group got involved with each other, which was something that Keller didn't wish to see.
The reason was very simple: the Jade Tears mercenary group's identity wasn't ordinary.
If it was another mercenary group, Keller wouldn't be worried about what Rhode had said since it was normal for the Merchant Association to support a mercenary group. If the reason Rhode looked for trouble was just to complain like a child, then he wouldn't take it seriously, but it was different if things turned out to be related to Jade Tears. As everyone knew, the Jade Tears mercenary group had once been ruled by the son of a noble from the Country of Light-Frank. According to the continuous incidents that happened previously, Keller even heard that this mercenary group was related to the floating ship incident from before; they were most likely spies sent by the Country of Light. Such speculation was spreading among the upper echelons, which was why Klautz sent people to ask a few questions while Rhode almost killed Frank on the street. As for the sudden disappearance of Frank and his followers, although the public seemed to know what happened, the mercenary Association and Deep Stone City officials only kept a strange silence. Keller was not stupid; from their attitude it could be seen that the Jade Tears had most likely done something to provoke trouble. It was possible that those rumors were true. If the Jade Tears hadn't disappeared all of sudden, then most likely they would have been called out by the city guards and brought out to the Town Square to be beheaded in public.
But since they disappeared now, things were better. This could be seen from this incident with Rhode. Originally, even if there was a bet on both sides, the Mercenary Association would still have to confirm it to ensure the Jade Tears mercenary group wasn't being victimized. However, this time, they actually even omitted the necessary procedures, clearly making complete preparation for the Jade Tears mercenary group's disappearance. Of course, the Mercenary Association who had always been working based on mercenary interests and could not possibly give Rhode any privilege just because of his identity. The reason was because they needed to make the Jade Tears disappear.
If the Keller family got involved with the Jade Tears mercenary group, then the matter would only get worse. Thinking until here, Keller broke into a cold sweat. It would be dangerous if the young man before him thought that he did it on purpose to trouble him. From Rhode's actions, it could be seen that he was from the King's party. He had also heard Klautz mentioned Rhode's name recently, and the upper echelons from Golden City seemed to take some interest to him. It could be said that this young man was surely on the road to success. He was only an ordinary merchant. If he offended this promising young man, nothing good would come from it. Moreover, what would they think if Klautz or other people knew about this? The Keller family had been interacting with the Country of Light in private?! Holy spirit above, if such a thing really happened, then the Keller family would be finished! If it were just like usual, people might not mind it, but this topic was currently very sensitive. Although it wasn't widely circulated, many people from the upper echelons knew that the Country of Light would likely plot something to incite riots in the Paphield area. If news got out that the Keller family and the Country of Light were privately involved with each other, then wouldn't he basically be looking for death?
When the time came, not only would his own future be finished, but the entire family would be completely destroyed...
Thinking until here, beads of sweat dropped from Keller's face until Rhode's voice pulled him back to the reality. "I'm still waiting for your explanation, Mr. Keller."
"T-this, I think I can explain it to you."
Keller rubbed the sweat on his forehead. Currently, his face was pale, but he was also feeling fortunate that Rhode had looked for him. It seemed like he hadn't yet spread the words, or else, he would have already been finished once Rhode told this matter to Klautz. Even if he wasn't finished, nothing good would happen to him as a result. After all, before he had hinted that Marlene was feeling miserable about this matter. If they knew the culprit behind this problem was actually the Keller family, then who knew what might they do them..
"To tell you the truth, this ring is my daughter's..."
"Oh?" Hearing this answer, Rhode frowned and he immediately remembered the fat pig-like woman. "So?"
"So... So... I'm sorry, please wait for a moment, I'll call her right away." Having said that, Keller picked up the bell on the table and shook it.
Soon, the old housekeeper quickly walked into the room. But before he asked Keller what he could do for him, the former shouted angrily.
"Immediately bring Helen here, no matter where is she. Bring her here immediately, now!"
"Yes, master!" Seeing Keller's pale expression, the old housekeeper quickly followed the order and left. Keller finally felt relieved, leaning on the sofa while wiping the sweat on his forehead. He looked at the dark-haired man before him, but he didn't know what to say. Facing Keller, Rhode didn't speak and only leisurely tasted the black tea and snack in front of him. He looked more like a guest than trouble.
"This... Mr. Rhode, please forgive me for presuming about this matter, about this..."
"I haven't told anyone yet." Rhode put down the cup. "I'm just a little curious, after all. In my mind, your family does not seem like the type to oppose the Kingdom..."
"This is, of course, Mr. Rhode. We, the Keller family, are forever loyal to the Munn Kingdom, and it will never change. I can swear here by the name of my soul that it is absolutely impossible for me to betray the kingdom."
Even though he didn't say it clearly, but from Rhode's words, his speculation was eighty to ninety percent certain... It was really troublesome!
He didn't know to what extent Rhode would believe in himself because no matter what, he would just be giving excuses. In fact, as the head of the family, Keller knew to a certain extent what his daughter was doing. It was because of the recent business handover that he thought it would be a good thing to let his daughter learn about investing and supporting the mercenary group. After all, it was important for the Merchant Association to have experience with mercenary groups, but he didn't expect that just because he didn't ask about it, the matter would turn out like this!
Holy spirit above! There were so many mercenary groups in Deep Stone City; why would she get involved with the damned Jade Tears!
"Father, are you looking for me?" At this moment, Helen walked toward the living room, led by the housekeeper. She glanced to the side and soon, she saw Rhode. Helen's fat face immediately darkened, but she didn't make a ruckus in front of her father and only lowered her head while walking toward Keller. On the other side, Keller looked at his daughter and signaled for the housekeeper to leave.
When the housekeeper left and closed the door, he coldly asked, "What are you doing these few days?"
"I... I'm not doing anything."
"Nothing?" Hearing her answer, Keller frowned. He pointed toward the ring on the table and asked.
"Then what about this ring!?"
Hearing his father's question, Helen curiously looked toward the direction her father pointed and immediately shouted after seeing it. "Ah!! This is the keepsake I gave to Barney. How come it's here!?"
Having said that, Helen immediately jumped up, looking at Rhode. "It's you, isn't it! It must be you who killed them right! It's you! I know it, you..."
"Shut up!" Hearing until here, Keller no longer said anything and slapped Helen while fiercely glaring at her. A crisp sound sounded. She immediately stopped cursing and looked at her father, feeling confused.
"Father, why did you hit me, what did I do wrong!?"
"You dare ask me what you did wrong? Why did you got involved with Jade Tears?! Tell me, why did you got involved with them!"
"I... I..."
Hearing Helen's explanation intermittently, Rhode and Keller finally understood the things that happened. Helen originally did intend to invest in a mercenary group, but at that time she did not know about the existence of the Jade Tears. She heard about them from her servants. The Jade Tears's tragic story touched her, so she sent someone to meet Barney and was moved by his sincerity. Eventually, Helen agreed to support the Jade Tears mercenary group. Of course, she had her own little plan. Because of the previous conflict between her and Rhode, she hated him very much. Although objectively speaking, Rhode had protected her from being abducted, but his rude behavior was too unacceptable for her. Later, she complained about this matter to her father. Instead of punishing Rhode and teaching him a lesson, he even gave the family heirloom to him. This made Helen felt very angry. Originally, if she hadn't heard news about Rhode so often, she would have forget him after a long time. However, because news of Rhode had been spreading in Deep Stone City, Helen was forced to listen frequently. This made her feel even more disgusted, especially when she heard those people praising Rhode. So she chose to support the Jade Tears mercenary group in order to oppose Starlight and Rhode.
Of course, at that time, she had a romantic delusion. She wanted the Jade Tears to grow into the most powerful mercenary group in the Paphield area under her support while Starlight could only work hard in the shadows. She wanted her father to praise her and hand the entire Trader Association to her... For this reason, Helen followed Barney's idea to put the magic reel and sweep out all of the stock in the market. In her opinion, if she could make trouble for Rhode's Starlight, then it would be the best.
It was a pity that she could only daydream.
"You... you..."
Hearing his daughter explanation, Keller was very angry and didn't know what to say. That incident had passed for some time now, so he thought that Helen no longer cared about it anymore. No matter what, Rhode had kindly saved her life. Even if he was rude, did she have to hold this grudge for so long?
On the other hand, Rhode was very open-minded about this matter. He often saw such narrow-minded women. He once had a classmate who held a grudge for half a year just because her boyfriend glanced at another woman. That was why he thought that this kind of thing was just normal.
"Immediately go back to your room! You are not allowed to go out until you realize your mistake!"
While Rhode was dozing off, Keller already made his decision. He slapped his daughter a few times then called out the guard. He wanted them to bring Helen who had flown into rage back to the room and locked her up. No matter what the reason is, she was not allowed go out. The fatty girl kept screaming until she was gone. Keller was finally relieved and sat back on the sofa.
"I'm sorry, Mr. Rhode. It's my fault for such thing to happen."
"You don't have to apologize to me, Mr. Keller." Rhode frowned, but his expression didn't change the slightest. "Everyone makes mistakes, right?"
"Right." Hearing Rhode's words, Keller finally felt relieved. He smiled and rubbed his hands. "Then... although this matter was caused by my daughter, I will of course not run from the responsibility. My daughter's action has caused damage your mercenary group, so our Keller family will surely compensate for it."
Of course, both sides knew that this was not true. Helen's actions did not really cause any real damage to Rhode and the others; both knew it was just an excuse that Keller made to make sure Rhode would stay silent about this matter. This was equivalent to the "sealing fee," used to ensure the peace of the Keller family.
Rhode naturally had no objections to this. Strictly speaking, this was indeed the reason he came here.
As a player, if he didn't maximize the benefits of the quest, could he still be called a player?
"Since Mr. Keller said so..."
Rhode crossed his hands and leaned against the sofa while narrowing his eyes.
"Then, I have a request ..."


text:
Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
(Redirected from Academy Award for Visual Effects)
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is an Academy Award given for the best achievement in visual effects.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded
Currently held by
Paul Lambert
Tristan Myles
J. D. Schwalm
First Man (2018)
http://www.oscars.org
History of the awardEdit
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences first recognized the technical contributions of special effects to movies at its inaugural dinner in 1928, presenting a plaque for "Best Engineering Effects" to the first Best Picture Oscar winner, the World War I flying drama Wings.
Producer David O. Selznick, then production head at RKO Studios, petitioned the Academy Board of Governors to recognize the work of animator Willis O'Brien for his groundbreaking work on 1933's King Kong.
It was not until 1938 when a film was actually recognized for its effects work, when a "Special Achievement Award for Special Effects" was given to the Paramount film Spawn of the North. The following year, "Best Special Effects" became a recognized category, although on occasion the Academy has chosen to honor a single film outright rather than nominate two or more films. From 1939 to 1963, it was an award for a film's visual effects as well as audio effects, so it was often given to two persons, although some years only one or the other type of effect was recognized. In 1964, it was given only for visual effects, and the following year the name of the category was changed to "Best Special Visual Effects".
Honorees for this award have been bestowed several times as a Special Achievement Academy Award. In 1977, the category was given its current name "Best Visual Effects." For decades, shortlisted finalists were selected by a steering committee. They are presently chosen by the visual effects branch executive committee.[1] 1990 was the last year there were no official nominees. Back to the Future Part III, Dick Tracy, Ghost and Total Recall advanced to a second stage of voting, but only Total Recall received a requisite average and it was given a special achievement Oscar.[2]
To date, there have been two wholly Animated films nominated in this category: The Nightmare Before Christmas in 1993 and Kubo and the Two Strings in 2016. There has been one semi-animated film nominated, which also won: Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1988.[3]
RulesEdit
Usually, there are three nominated films. In 1979, there were five films nominated. Sometimes, no award is given. Other times, a single film is given the award outright.
In 2007, it was decided that a list of no more than 15 eligible films would be chosen, from which a maximum of seven would be shortlisted for further consideration. A vote would then proceed, with a maximum of three nominees. Since 2010, there are ten shortlisted finalists which, using a form of range voting, produce five nominees.[4][5] No more than four people may be nominated for a single film.[6]
According to the official Academy Award rules, the criteria are:
(a) consideration of the contribution the visual effects make to the overall production and
(b) the artistry, skill and fidelity with which the visual illusions are achieved.
FilmmakersEdit
A number of filmmakers have had their movies honored for their achievements in visual effects; i.e., five films produced by George Pal, five by director/producer George Lucas, five by director James Cameron (who began his career in Hollywood as an effects technician), four by directors Richard Fleischer, Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson, and three by director Robert Zemeckis.
Stanley Kubrick's only Oscar win was in this category, for 1968's 2001: A Space Odyssey. The film's credits list four effects contributors, including Douglas Trumbull. However, according to the rules of the Academy in effect at the time, only three persons could be nominated for their work on a single film, which would have resulted in the omission of either Trumbull, Tom Howard, Con Pederson or Wally Veevers. Ultimately, it was Kubrick's name that was submitted as a nominee in this category, resulting in his winning the award, which many consider a slight to the four men whose work contributed to the film's success.[citation needed]
Engineering Effects AwardEdit
The table below display the Oscar nominees for Best Engineering Effects.
indicates the winner
1920sEdit
(1st)
Wings Roy Pomeroy
Ralph Hammeras (photographic) [note 1]
Nugent Slaughter (photographic) [note 2]
Special Effects AwardsEdit
The tables below display the Oscar nominees for Best Special Effects including the recipients of the Special Achievement Awards.
(11th)
Spawn of the North [note 3] For outstanding achievement in creating Special Photographic and Sound Effects in the Paramount production, Spawn of the North. Special Effects by Gordon Jennings, assisted by Jan Domela, Dev Jennings, Irmin Roberts and Art Smith. Transparencies by Farciot Edouart, assisted by Loyal Griggs. Sound Effects by Loren Ryder, assisted by Harry Mills, Louis Mesenkop and Walter Oberst.
The Rains Came Fred Sersen (photographic); E. H. Hansen (sound)
Gone with the Wind Jack Cosgrove (photographic); Fred Albin and Arthur Johns (sound)
Only Angels Have Wings Roy Davidson (photographic); Edwin C. Hahn (sound)
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex Byron Haskin (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Topper Takes a Trip Roy Seawright (photographic)
Union Pacific Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings (photographic); Loren Ryder (sound)
The Wizard of Oz A. Arnold Gillespie (photographic); Douglas Shearer (sound)
The Thief of Bagdad Lawrence Butler (photographic); Jack Whitney (sound)
The Blue Bird Fred Sersen (photographic); E. H. Hansen (sound)
Boom Town A. Arnold Gillespie (photographic); Douglas Shearer (sound)
The Boys from Syracuse John P. Fulton (photographic); Bernard B. Brown and Joseph Lapis (sound)
Dr. Cyclops Gordon Jennings and Farciot Edouart (photographic)
Foreign Correspondent Paul Eagler (photographic); Thomas T. Moulton (sound)
The Invisible Man Returns John P. Fulton (photographic); Bernard B. Brown and William Hedgcock (sound)
The Long Voyage Home R. T. Layton and R. O. Binger (photographic); Thomas T. Moulton (sound)
One Million B.C. Roy Seawright (photographic); Elmer Raguse (sound)
Rebecca Jack Cosgrove (photographic); Arthur Johns (sound)
The Sea Hawk Byron Haskin (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Swiss Family Robinson Vernon L. Walker (photographic); John O. Aalberg (sound)
Typhoon Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings (photographic); Loren Ryder (sound)
Women in War Howard J. Lydecker, William Bradford and Ellis J. Thackery (photographic); Herbert Norsch (sound)
I Wanted Wings Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings (photographic); Louis Mesenkop (sound)
Aloma of the South Seas Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings (photographic); Louis Mesenkop (sound)
Dive Bomber (Nomination withdrawn) [note 5][7] Byron Haskin (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Flight Command A. Arnold Gillespie (photographic); Douglas Shearer (sound)
The Invisible Woman Lawrence Butler (photographic); William H. Wilmarth (sound)
The Sea Wolf Byron Haskin (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
That Hamilton Woman John Fulton (photographic); John Hall (sound)
Topper Returns Roy Seawright (photographic); Elmer Raguse (sound)
A Yank in the R.A.F. Fred Sersen (photographic); E. H. Hansen (sound)
Reap the Wild Wind Gordon Jennings, Farciot Edouart and William Pereira (photographic); Louis Mesenkop (sound)
The Black Swan Fred Sersen (photographic); Roger Heman and George Leverett (sound)
Desperate Journey Byron Haskin (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Flying Tigers Howard Lydecker (photographic); Daniel J. Bloomberg (sound)
Invisible Agent John Fulton (photographic); Bernard B. Brown (sound)
Jungle Book Lawrence Butler (photographic); William H. Wilmarth (sound)
Mrs. Miniver A. Arnold Gillespie and Warren Newcombe (photographic); Douglas Shearer (sound)
The Navy Comes Through Vernon L. Walker (photographic); James G. Stewart (sound)
One of Our Aircraft Is Missing Ronald Neame (photographic); C. C. Stevens (sound)
The Pride of the Yankees Jack Cosgrove and Ray Binger (photographic); Thomas T. Moulton (sound)
Crash Dive Fred Sersen (photographic); Roger Heman (sound)
Air Force Hans Koenekamp and Rex Wimpy (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Bombardier Vernon L. Walker (photographic); James G. Stewart and Roy Granville (sound)
The North Star Clarence Slifer and R. O. Binger (photographic); Thomas T. Moulton (sound)
So Proudly We Hail! Gordon Jennings and Farciot Edouart (photographic); George Dutton (sound)
Stand By for Action A. Arnold Gillespie and Donald Jahraus (photographic); Michael Steinore (sound)
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo A. Arnold Gillespie, Donald Jahraus and Warren Newcombe (photographic); Douglas Shearer (sound)
The Adventures of Mark Twain Paul Detlefsen and John Crouse (photographic); Nathan Levinson (sound)
Days of Glory Vernon L. Walker (photographic); James G. Stewart and Roy Granville (sound)
Secret Command David Allen, Ray Cory and Robert Wright (photographic); Russell Malmgren and Harry Kusnick (sound)
Since You Went Away Jack Cosgrove (photographic); Arthur Johns (sound)
The Story of Dr. Wassell Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings (photographic); George Dutton (sound)
Wilson Fred Sersen (photographic); Roger Heman (sound)
Wonder Man John P. Fulton (photographic); Arthur Johns (sound)
Captain Eddie Fred Sersen and Sol Halperin (photographic); Roger Heman and Harry Leonard (sound)
Spellbound Jack Cosgrove (photographic)
They Were Expendable A. Arnold Gillespie, Donald Jahraus and Robert A. MacDonald (photographic); Michael Steinore (sound)
A Thousand and One Nights Lawrence W. Butler (photographic); Ray Bomba (sound)
Blithe Spirit Thomas Howard (visual)
A Stolen Life William McGann (visual); Nathan Levinson (audible)
Green Dolphin Street A. Arnold Gillespie and Warren Newcombe (visual); Douglas Shearer and Michael Steinore (audible)
Unconquered Farciot Edouart, Devereux Jennings, Gordon Jennings, W. Wallace Kelley and Paul Lerpae (visual); George Dutton (audible)
(21st)
Portrait of Jennie Paul Eagler, Joseph McMillan Johnson, Russell Shearman and Clarence Slifer (visual); Charles Freeman and James G. Stewart (audible)
Deep Waters Ralph Hammeras, Fred Sersen and Edward Snyder (visual); Roger Heman (audible)
(22nd)
Mighty Joe Young RKO Productions
Tulsa Walter Wanger Pictures
(23rd)
Destination Moon George Pal Productions
Samson and Delilah Cecil B. DeMille Productions
When Worlds Collide [note 3] Paramount
Plymouth Adventure [note 3] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
The War of the Worlds [note 3] Paramount Studio
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Walt Disney Studios
Hell and High Water 20th Century-Fox Studio
Them! Warner Bros. Studio
The Bridges at Toko-Ri Paramount Studio
The Dam Busters Associated British Picture Corporation, Ltd.
The Rains of Ranchipur 20th Century-Fox Studio
The Ten Commandments John P. Fulton
Forbidden Planet A. Arnold Gillespie, Irving G. Ries and Wesley C. Miller
The Enemy Below [note 6] Walter Rossi (audible)
The Spirit of St. Louis Louis Lichtenfield (visual)
Tom Thumb Tom Howard (visual)
Torpedo Run A. Arnold Gillespie (visual); Harold Humbrock (audible)
Ben-Hur A. Arnold Gillespie and Robert MacDonald (visual); Milo B. Lory (audible)
Journey to the Center of the Earth L. B. Abbott and James B. Gordon (visual); Carl Faulkner (audible)
The Time Machine Gene Warren and Tim Baar (visual)
The Last Voyage Augie Lohman (visual)
The Guns of Navarone Bill Warrington (visual); Vivian C. Greenham (audible)
The Absent-Minded Professor Robert A. Mattey and Eustace Lycett (visual)
The Longest Day Robert MacDonald (visual); Jacques Maumont (audible)
Mutiny on the Bounty A. Arnold Gillespie (visual); Milo B. Lory (audible)
Visual Effects AwardsEdit
The tables below display the Oscar nominees for Best Visual Effects including the recipients of the Special Achievement Awards.
Cleopatra Emil Kosa Jr.
The Birds Ub Iwerks
Mary Poppins Peter Ellenshaw, Eustace Lycett and Hamilton Luske
7 Faces of Dr. Lao Jim Danforth
Thunderball John Stears
The Greatest Story Ever Told Joseph McMillan Johnson
Fantastic Voyage Art Cruickshank
Hawaii Linwood G. Dunn
Doctor Dolittle L. B. Abbott
Tobruk Howard A. Anderson and Albert Whitlock
2001: A Space Odyssey Stanley Kubrick
Ice Station Zebra Hal Millar and Joseph McMillan Johnson
Marooned Robbie Robertson
Krakatoa, East of Java Eugène Lourié and Alex Weldon
Tora! Tora! Tora! A. D. Flowers and L. B. Abbott
Patton Alex Weldon
Bedknobs and Broomsticks Alan Maley, Eustace Lycett and Danny Lee
When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth Jim Danforth and Roger Dicken
The Poseidon Adventure [note 3] L. B. Abbott and A. D. Flowers
No award given
Earthquake [note 3] Frank Brendel, Glen Robinson and Albert Whitlock
The Hindenburg [note 3] Albert Whitlock and Glen Robinson
King Kong [note 3] Carlo Rambaldi, Glen Robinson and Frank Van der Veer
Logan's Run [note 3] L. B. Abbott, Glen Robinson and Matthew Yuricich
Star Wars John Stears, John Dykstra, Richard Edlund, Grant McCune and Robert Blalack
Close Encounters of the Third Kind Roy Arbogast, Douglas Trumbull, Matthew Yuricich, Gregory Jein and Richard Yuricich
Superman [note 3] Les Bowie, Colin Chilvers, Denys Coop, Roy Field, Derek Meddings and Zoran Perisic
Alien H. R. Giger, Carlo Rambaldi, Brian Johnson, Nick Allder and Dennis Ayling
The Black Hole Peter Ellenshaw, Art Cruickshank, Eustace Lycett, Danny Lee, Harrison Ellenshaw and Joe Hale
Moonraker Derek Meddings, Paul Wilson and John Evans
1941 William A. Fraker, A. D. Flowers and Gregory Jein
Star Trek: The Motion Picture Douglas Trumbull, John Dykstra, Richard Yuricich, Robert Swarthe, David K. Stewart and Grant McCune
The Empire Strikes Back [note 3] Brian Johnson, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren and Bruce Nicholson
Raiders of the Lost Ark Richard Edlund, Kit West, Bruce Nicholson and Joe Johnston
Dragonslayer Dennis Muren, Phil Tippett, Ken Ralston and Brian Johnson
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial Carlo Rambaldi, Dennis Muren and Kenneth F. Smith
Blade Runner Douglas Trumbull, Richard Yuricich and David Dryer
Poltergeist Richard Edlund, Michael Wood and Bruce Nicholson
Return of the Jedi [note 3] Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston and Phil Tippett
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Dennis Muren, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson and George Gibbs
Ghostbusters Richard Edlund, John Bruno, Mark Vargo and Chuck Gaspar
2010 Richard Edlund, Neil Krepela, George Jenson and Mark Stetson
Cocoon Ken Ralston, Ralph McQuarrie, Scott Farrar and David Berry
Return to Oz Will Vinton, Ian Wingrove, Zoran Perisic and Michael Lloyd
Young Sherlock Holmes Dennis Muren, Kit West, John Ellis and David W. Allen
Aliens Robert Skotak, Stan Winston, John Richardson and Suzanne Benson
Little Shop of Horrors Lyle Conway, Bran Ferren and Martin Gutterridge
Poltergeist II: The Other Side Richard Edlund, John Bruno, Garry Waller and William Neil
Innerspace Dennis Muren, William George, Harley Jessup and Kenneth F. Smith
Predator Joel Hynek, Robert M. Greenberg, Richard Greenberg and Stan Winston
Who Framed Roger Rabbit Ken Ralston, Richard Williams, Edward Jones and George Gibbs
Die Hard Richard Edlund, Al DiSarro, Brent Boates and Thaine Morris
Willow Dennis Muren, Michael J. McAlister, Phil Tippett and Chris Evans
The Abyss John Bruno, Dennis Muren, Hoyt Yeatman and Dennis Skotak
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen Richard Conway and Kent Houston
Back to the Future Part II Ken Ralston, Michael Lantieri, John Bell and Steve Gawley
Total Recall [note 3] Eric Brevig, Rob Bottin, Tim McGovern and Alex Funke
Terminator 2: Judgment Day Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Gene Warren Jr. and Robert Skotak
Backdraft Mikael Salomon, Allen Hall, Clay Pinney and Scott Farrar
Hook Eric Brevig, Harley Jessup, Mark Sullivan and Michael Lantieri
Death Becomes Her Ken Ralston, Doug Chiang, Doug Smythe and Tom Woodruff Jr.
Alien 3 Richard Edlund, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr. and George Gibbs
Batman Returns Michael Fink, Craig Barron, John Bruno and Dennis Skotak
Jurassic Park Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri
Cliffhanger Neil Krepela, John Richardson, John Bruno and Pamela Easley
The Nightmare Before Christmas Pete Kozachik, Eric Leighton, Ariel Velasco Shaw and Gordon Baker
Forrest Gump Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum and Allen Hall
The Mask Scott Squires, Steve 'Spaz' Williams, Tom Bertino and Jon Farhat
True Lies John Bruno, Thomas L. Fisher, Jacques Stroweis and Patrick McClung
Babe Scott E. Anderson, Charles Gibson, Neal Scanlan and John Cox
Apollo 13 Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Leslie Ekker and Matt Sweeney
Independence Day Volker Engel, Douglas Smith, Clay Pinney and Joseph Viskocil
Dragonheart Scott Squires, Phil Tippett, James Straus and Kit West
Twister Stefen Fangmeier, John Frazier, Habib Zargarpour and Henry La Bounta
Titanic Robert Legato, Mark Lasoff, Thomas L. Fisher and Michael Kanfer
The Lost World: Jurassic Park Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Randal M. Dutra and Michael Lantieri
Starship Troopers Phil Tippett, Scott E. Anderson, Alec Gillis and John Richardson
What Dreams May Come Joel Hynek, Nicholas Brooks, Stuart Robertson and Kevin Mack
Armageddon Richard R. Hoover, Patrick McClung and John Frazier
Mighty Joe Young Rick Baker, Hoyt Yeatman, Allen Hall and Jim Mitchell
The Matrix John Gaeta, Janek Sirrs, Steve Courtley and Jon Thum
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace John Knoll, Dennis Muren, Scott Squires and Rob Coleman
Stuart Little John Dykstra, Jerome Chen, Henry F. Anderson III and Eric Allard
Gladiator John Nelson, Neil Corbould, Tim Burke and Rob Harvey
Hollow Man Scott E. Anderson, Craig Hayes, Scott Stokdyk and Stan Parks
The Perfect Storm Stefen Fangmeier, Habib Zargarpour, John Frazier and Walt Conti
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Jim Rygiel, Randall William Cook, Richard Taylor and Mark Stetson
A.I. Artificial Intelligence Dennis Muren, Scott Farrar, Stan Winston and Michael Lantieri
Pearl Harbor Eric Brevig, John Frazier, Ed Hirsh and Ben Snow
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook and Alex Funke
Spider-Man John Dykstra, Scott Stokdyk, Anthony LaMolinara and John Frazier
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Rob Coleman, Pablo Helman, John Knoll and Ben Snow
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook and Alex Funke
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Dan Sudick, Stefen Fangmeier, Nathan McGuinness and Robert Stromberg
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson and Terry Frazee
Spider-Man 2 John Dykstra, Scott Stokdyk, Anthony LaMolinara and John Frazier
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Roger Guyett, Tim Burke, John Richardson and William George
I, Robot John Nelson, Andrew R. Jones, Erik Nash and Joe Letteri
King Kong Joe Letteri, Brian Van't Hul, Christian Rivers and Richard Taylor
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Dean Wright, Bill Westenhofer, Jim Berney and Scott Farrar
War of the Worlds Dennis Muren, Pablo Helman, Randal M. Dutra and Dan Sudick
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson and Allen Hall
Poseidon Boyd Shermis, Kim Libreri, Chas Jarrett and John Frazier
Superman Returns Mark Stetson, Neil Corbould, Richard R. Hoover and Jon Thum
The Golden Compass Michael Fink, Bill Westenhofer, Ben Morris and Trevor Wood
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson and John Frazier
Transformers Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, Russell Earl and John Frazier
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Eric Barba, Steve Preeg, Burt Dalton and Craig Barron
The Dark Knight Nick Davis, Chris Corbould, Tim Webber and Paul Franklin
Iron Man John Nelson, Ben Snow, Dan Sudick and Shane Mahan
Avatar Joe Letteri, Stephen Rosenbaum, Richard Baneham and Andrew R. Jones
District 9 Dan Kaufman, Peter Muyzers, Robert Habros and Matt Aitken
Star Trek Roger Guyett, Russell Earl, Paul Kavanagh and Burt Dalton
Inception Paul Franklin, Chris Corbould, Andrew Lockley, and Peter Bebb
Alice in Wonderland Ken Ralston, David Schaub, Carey Villegas and Sean Phillips
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Tim Burke, John Richardson, Christian Manz and Nicolas Aithadi
Hereafter Michael Owens, Bryan Grill, Stephan Trojanski and Joe Farrell
Iron Man 2 Janek Sirrs, Ben Snow, Ged Wright and Dan Sudick
Hugo Robert Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann and Alex Henning
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Tim Burke, David Vickery, Greg Butler and John Richardson
Real Steel Erik Nash, John Rosengrant, Dan Taylor and Swen Gillberg
Rise of the Planet of the Apes Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, R. Christopher White and Daniel Barrett
Transformers: Dark of the Moon Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, Matthew E. Butler and John Frazier
Life of Pi Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer and Donald R. Elliott
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Joe Letteri, Eric Saindon, David Clayton and R. Christopher White
Marvel's The Avengers Janek Sirrs, Jeff White, Guy Williams and Dan Sudick
Prometheus Richard Stammers, Trevor Wood, Charley Henley and Martin Hill
Snow White and the Huntsman Cedric Nicolas-Troyan, Philip Brennan, Neil Corbould and Michael Dawson
Gravity Tim Webber, Chris Lawrence, Dave Shirk and Neil Corbould
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug Joe Letteri, Eric Saindon, David Clayton and Eric Reynolds
Iron Man 3 Christopher Townsend, Guy Williams, Erik Nash and Dan Sudick
The Lone Ranger Tim Alexander, Gary Brozenich, Edson Williams and John Frazier
Star Trek Into Darkness Roger Guyett, Patrick Tubach, Ben Grossmann and Burt Dalton
Interstellar Paul Franklin, Andrew Lockley, Ian Hunter, and Scott R. Fisher
Captain America: The Winter Soldier Dan DeLeeuw, Russell Earl, Bryan Grill and Dan Sudick
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Daniel Barrett and Erik Winquist
Guardians of the Galaxy Stephane Ceretti, Nicolas Aithadi, Jonathan Fawkner and Paul Corbould
X-Men: Days of Future Past Richard Stammers, Lou Pecora, Tim Crosbie and Cameron Waldbauer
Ex Machina Mark Williams Ardington, Sara Bennett, Paul Norris and Andrew Whitehurst
Mad Max: Fury Road Andrew Jackson, Dan Oliver, Andy Williams and Tom Wood
The Martian Anders Langlands, Chris Lawrence, Richard Stammers and Steven Warner
The Revenant Richard McBride, Matt Shumway, Jason Smith and Cameron Waldbauer
Star Wars: The Force Awakens Chris Corbould, Roger Guyett, Patrick Tubach and Neal Scanlan
The Jungle Book Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones and Dan Lemmon
Deepwater Horizon Craig Hammack, Jason Snell, Jason Billington and Burt Dalton
Doctor Strange Stephane Ceretti, Richard Bluff, Vincent Cirelli and Paul Corbould
Kubo and the Two Strings Steve Emerson, Oliver Jones, Brian McLean and Brad Schiff
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story John Knoll, Mohen Leo, Hal Hickel and Neil Corbould
Blade Runner 2049 John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert and Richard R. Hoover
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Christopher Townsend, Guy Williams, Jonathan Fawkner and Dan Sudick
Kong: Skull Island Stephen Rosenbaum, Jeff White, Scott Benza and Mike Meinardus
Star Wars: The Last Jedi Ben Morris, Mike Mulholland, Neal Scanlan and Chris Corbould
War for the Planet of the Apes Joe Letteri, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joel Whist
First Man Paul Lambert, Ian Hunter, Tristan Myles, and J. D. Schwalm
Avengers: Infinity War Dan DeLeeuw, Kelly Port, Russell Earl, and Dan Sudick
Christopher Robin Christopher Lawrence, Michael Eames, Theo Jones, and Chris Corbould
Ready Player One Roger Guyett, Grady Cofer, Matthew E. Butler, and David Shirk
Solo: A Star Wars Story Rob Bredow, Patrick Tubach, Neal Scanlan, and Dominic Tuohy
Multiple awards and nominationsEdit
Multiple awardsEdit
Gordon Jennings
Ken Ralston
L.B. Abbott
Richard Edlund
Joe Letteri
Andrew Lockley
Glen Robinson
Randall William Cook
Farciot Edouart
John P. Fulton
Alex Funke
A. Arnold Gillespie
Andrew R. Jones
Louis Mesenkop
Carlo Rambaldi
Jim Rygiel
Bill Westenhofer
Stan Winston
Robert Legato
Neil Corbould
A.D. Flowers
Paul Franklin
Charles Gibson
George Gibbs
Allen Hall
Eustace Lycett
Robert MacDonald
Warren Newcombe
Bruce Nicholson
Stephen Rosenbaum
Loren L. Ryder
Fred Sersen
Douglas Shearer
Robert Skotak
Kenneth F. Smith
John Stears
Albert Whitlock
BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects
Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects
Saturn Award for Best Special Effects
^ The nomination for Ralph Hammeras was not associated with any individual film.
^ According to the Academy's in-house records, the nomination for Nugent Slaughter was most often connected with The Jazz Singer. It is not considered an official nomination for that film.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m This was presented as a Special Achievement Award, not competitively.
^ From 1939 until 1962, visual effects and sound effects artists competed in a combined Best Special Effects category.
^ When nominations were announced on February 9, 1942, Dive Bomber was nominated in place of The Sea Wolf. Both were Warner Bros. productions with photographic effects by Byron Haskin and sound effects by Nathan Levinson. By February 19, the Dive Bomber nomination was replaced with The Sea Wolf. The reason for the substitution is unknown.
^ In 1957, The Enemy Below won the Best Special Effects Oscar for audible effects by Walter Rossi. It was not cited for its visual effects.
SuperlativesEdit
For this Academy Award category, the following superlatives emerge:[10]
Most awards: Dennis Muren – 8 awards (resulting from 15 nominations)
Most nominations: Dennis Muren – 15 nominations (resulting in 8 awards)
^ "92nd Academy Awards of Merit" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
^ Cohn, Lawrence (February 17, 1991). "Oscar Choices/Omissions Reflect Quirky Voting Rules". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
^ "How Kubo and the Two Strings Landed a Surprise Visual Effects Oscar Nomination".
^ "89TH ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS OF MERIT" (PDF). oscars.org. 2016. RULE TWENTY-TWO SPECIAL RULES FOR THE VISUAL EFFECTS AWARD. Five productions shall be selected using reweighted range voting to become the nominations for final voting for the Visual Effects award.
^ "RangeVoting.org - Reweighted Range Voting - a PR voting method that feels like range voting". rangevoting.org. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ [1] Archived September 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ "The Official Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^ "Academy Awards 2017: Complete list of Oscar winners and nominees". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
^ Hipes, Patrick (January 23, 2018). "Oscar Nominations: 'The Shape Of Water' Leads Way With 13". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
^ Academy Award Statistics Archived 2009-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects&oldid=902856997"


text:
'She died surrounded by love': Simon Thomas on the moment his wife lost her battle with leukaemia
Steven Downes
Published: 10:37 AM February 10, 2018
Gemma, Simon and Ethan Thomas on the London Eye. Photo: Simon Thomas - Credit: Simon Thomas
The headaches began for Gemma a few weeks before she became seriously ill.
Gemma, Ethan and Simon Thomas holding hands. Photo: Simon Thomas - Credit: Simon Thomas
But as her health worsened, three separate GP appointments resulted in the same advice - go home and rest, it's nothing serious.
Simon, who was off work with depression and anxiety, said that after the third appointment, Gemma vomited and 'her mum was really worried'.
He said: 'She wasn't happy that the doctor had sent her home.
'She rang my friend Dave, whose sister Meg is an eye surgeon, Meg spoke to her and said she must go to A&E. I could tell early on the demeanour of the doctors.
Gemma Thomas. Photo: Simon Thomas - Credit: Simon Thomas
'On the Tuesday at 4am the doctor came through and said her blood was deranged with cancer. I fainted.'
He said he went home, got their son Ethan ready for school and 'told him mummy wasn't well'.
They recorded a get well video message. Then, as he and Gemma's sister Rebecca were driving to hospital in Reading, Gemma texted to say she was being transferred to Oxford, where there was a special bit of equipment that she needed.
Simon said: 'We got there and we were blue-lighted to Oxford. I knew then how serious it was. Her chemotherapy started that night. Her consultant Dr Andy Peniket sat with us and told us she had acute myeloid leukaemia.
'He told us how it would only have fired up in the last few weeks, and we asked the survival chances - he said 50/50.
'It was heart-stopping. I'm glad we didn't Google it because it gave us the Wednesday and the Thursday as days when we were really close and I could look after her without panicking.
'Dr Peniket made us aware that the twice-a-day chemotherapy could be fatal.
'I slept by her side in the ward. That Thursday night she was quite uncomfortable. I think I took her to the loo early on Friday and she was a bit confused.
'That was the last time I spoke to her. I never had a chance to say goodbye or to chat about life going forward.
'The day cartwheeled out of control. She was taken for a head scan. When the blood was at its thickest it had caused undetectable damage to the membranes of the blood vessels in the brain, and as the chemotherapy began to do its job of thinning the white blood cells, the blood started to flow out of those damaged vessels. There were 15-20 separate bleeds.
'I was taken into the room of doom. I was given the news that she had hours to live. He said to bring Ethan. He came in and family and friends came in.
'She died surrounded by a lot of love.'


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text:
Japan Rail: News & General Discussion
Platform 6 - Prototypes
Military-purpose subway lines?! - Secrets of underground Tokyo
By Socimi, February 16, 2017 in Japan Rail: News & General Discussion
tokyo metro
Socimi
Location: foggy northern Italy
http://pinktentacle.com/2010/01/secrets-of-the-tokyo-underground/
Intresting (if true) article about mysteries of underground tokyo, including theories that the Yurachuko line was built for military use, and the Toei Oedo line's tunnels already existed well before they were converted into a subway line.
Edited February 16, 2017 by DavideTreni
houari
Whether the rumors are true or not, I think it is reasonable to have metro's tunnels as shelters. When I was living in Korea (South), I noticed that almost all buildings have basements for shelter with clear information sign for it. So, if perhaps Japanese government also concern about brother Jong-Un of North Korea, having shelters in Tokyo is reasonable..
By the way, speaking of using rail lines for military use, if you watched Shin-Godzilla, you'd realize how important are the rail lines in Tokyo for defense :)
Edited February 17, 2017 by houari
marknewton
Location: Waterfall, NSW, Australia
I think every city with an underground railway system has myths/urban legends/bullshit stories surrounding it. Even Sydney, with our very small amount of underground railway has a number of fantastical tales told about it. Not one of which has any foundation in truth whatsoever.
Back when I was a relief traffic officer I worked at every underground station we have, and explored all of them very thoroughly (When you were on afternoon shift, you didn't have much else to do.) As I half expected, the many rumours about labyrinths of secret tunnel networks weren't true.
You just didn't know the secret code, have your magic decoder rings and knock the right way on the right doors!
;-p
Densha
The Netherlands has its fair share of shelters in its two subway networks and under some railway stations. Most of these were built during the Cold War and are now out of use. I believe at least some of them were built to withstand atomic bombings.
East european metro systems are almost always built as nuclear shelters. In Budapest, the lines 2 and 3 have stations built following the London deep level shelter pattern. (line 1 was built in the 19th century and too shallow, line 4 is modern and still lacks shelter equipment) You can see the blast door covers at the foot of the escalators. Also each station is isolatable with doors across the tunnels. Food is only stored for one year though. Drills are held once a year but only for civil defense personel.
Some stations have extra tunnels, like the parliament sidings built in the 1950ies for an evacuation train. That government shelter (k2) has connections to the parliament, the office buildings, the old central hvac building two blocks away and to the castle hill district's 4 levels of basements and tunnels housing a field hospital (now a museum), the central library's archives, the netional gallery storage vault, the old central electrical net control center, old government phone exchange (now a museum) and bank vaults in the opposite corner of the hill and behind castle hill the defense ministry building and up to the citadel and the air defense installation on St Gellert hill. And that's only the known part of one site.
Generally speaking you can walk underground from the far west edge of town from the ordogarok (devil's trench) underground river to the far east edge at pillango (butterfly) street where the metro system has the rail connnection exit for the government shelter. (the other one is at the south east edge near the airport behind the koki shopping center, next to the station) Some of it is roman, some middle ages, many ww2 and the newer ones are from the cold war. Each new one is deeper down.
ps: Since the end of the cold war most of it is abandoned, like the old stone quarry district aircraft and ammo factory under the old beer factory. They stopped the pumps decades ago and now the whole site has filled with water. Scuba diving is allowed though but only to the -5 level with a guide and you must not disturb the dirt on the floor so the water remains clear.
The old Ganz factory site was taken over by chinese merchants and every time there is a raid, they keep finding new stashes and secret workshops installing fake brandmarks and repackaging. The main underground rail connection was filled though in the 1990ies to secure the rest of the system and there are efforts to get rid of these merchants and clean up the district.
ps: so imho sometimes the stories are true but usually if there is something down there it's existence is officially public
Welshbloke
I know London has some tunnels which were originally intended as part of a deep level express tube line, but only the station tunnels were dug. When WW2 broke out they were pressed into service as shelters and government offices, and the original project was never completed.
You are talking about these:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_deep-level_shelters
They were built during ww2 as shelters and were meant to be reused as underground tunnels but that never happened.
Most east block cold war metro stations follow this basic layout, except they are much bigger and some that follow the extended Budapest pattern have up to three levels. Two mainline sized tunnels, widened to platform width, connected by a larger parallel central tunnel connecting to the end of the escalator tunnel. Auxiliary tunnels connecting the running tunnels to each other and to the vertical ventillation shafts with storage shafts dug horizontally into the side of the running tunnels and the platform tunnels opposite to the central island platform. Stations are partitionable from each other at the midpoints between stations. Passengers use the middle levels of the main tunnels as platforms. Blast doors are located at the top and bottom of the escalator tunnels usually starting from the -1 or -2 concourse levels.


As like me, i'm sure many of you have read and heard lots about the what the different causes of bloating are. I am in no way a professional/ nutritionist / doctor of any kind but what I can share is my experience with how to beat the bloat. So here are my top tips!
- Exercise regularly: this can be as little as just going for a short walk. Keeping your body moving helps to keep everything else moving, including your digestion.
- Keep a food diary including how you feel and symptoms after eating. This way you can sensibly try to eliminate anything that may be causing the bloating. This doesn't mean cutting out gluten or dairy (even though this worked for me, it is not always the case for everyone and isn't always necessary).
What also seriously worked for me and has dramatically changed how bloated I get, was cutting out garlic and onion. It's surprising how much these 2 ingredients crop up in lots of different foods / meals. If you feel like it may be effecting you, start by cutting one out and if necessary cut both. Again, this is very specific to my digestion and experience so no need to change your eating habits if not necessary.
- Sleep, sleep, sleep - I always find after a bad nights sleep, or not enough sleep that my symptoms are worse. On these days I would recommend drinking plenty of water and eating relatively plain foods that aren't high in carbohydrates (like pasta or bread), they tend to make bloating or feeling lethargic worse.
- I personally don't drink alcohol but when I used to it would make me extremely bloated and I'd get tummy cramps. So, my advice on this one would be that if you think this may cause you bloating, limit the amount you drink and avoid the fizzy options (beer, mixers such as Coca Cola / lemonade etc).
I hope this was helpful and please don't hesitate to ask any questions!