text:
Q: Where to declair the alarm manager for updating a watchface in ambient mode? I'm trying to add an AlarmManager to update a watch face on half minute intervals.
This is for a ternary clock.
This is my first time programming with Java or android studio.
I'm following a guide at https://developer.android.com/training/wearables/apps/always-on.html
The guide says to "declare the alarm manager and the pending intent in the onCreate() method of your activity"
Should I use
@Override
public Engine onCreateEngine() {
    return new Engine();
}

or
@Override
public Engine onCreateEngine() {
    return new Engine();
}

or should I start a new method or declare it elsewhere?
Currently I'm using
private class Engine extends CanvasWatchFaceService.Engine {
    final Handler mUpdateTimeHandler = new EngineHandler(this);

for most of my initialization.
This is my code without the alarm manager. The issue is that it must update during half minutes, because as balanced ternary the time should be to the nearest minute.
public class ternary extends CanvasWatchFaceService {
private static final Typeface NORMAL_TYPEFACE =
        Typeface.create(Typeface.SANS_SERIF, Typeface.NORMAL);

private static final int MSG_UPDATE_TIME = 0;

@Override
public Engine onCreateEngine() {
    return new Engine();
}

private static class EngineHandler extends Handler {
    private final WeakReference<ternary.Engine> mWeakReference;

    public EngineHandler(ternary.Engine reference) {
        mWeakReference = new WeakReference<>(reference);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        ternary.Engine engine = mWeakReference.get();
        if (engine != null) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MSG_UPDATE_TIME:
                    engine.handleUpdateTimeMessage();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

private class Engine extends CanvasWatchFaceService.Engine {
    final Handler mUpdateTimeHandler = new EngineHandler(this);
    boolean mRegisteredTimeZoneReceiver = false;
    Paint mBackgroundPaint;
    Paint mTextPaint;
    boolean mAmbient;
    Time mTime;
    final BroadcastReceiver mTimeZoneReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            mTime.clear(intent.getStringExtra("time-zone"));
            mTime.setToNow();
        }
    };
    int mTapCount;

    float mXOffset;
    float mYOffset;

    // adjust text size
    float textRatio = (float)1;  // 2/3;

    // make adjusted offset for hours
    float hrsIndent;
    float hrsIndentAdjust = textRatio * 55;

    // vertical offset for multiple lines
    float ySpacer = textRatio * 65;

    // first run.
    boolean yesFirstRun = true;
    // flag for seconds
    boolean yesSecs;
    // prior state of yesSecs
    boolean wasSecs = true;
    // flag for conservation mode (no seconds in ambient)
    boolean yesConcerve = false;
    // flag for allowing seconds
    boolean allowSecs = true;
    // for execution control
    boolean openGate = false;

    // counter for next draw
    int c = 0;
    // counter for time loops
    int k;
    boolean drawNow = true;
    // strings for draw
    String hrs = "";
    String mns = "";
    String sks = "";
    // register for milliseconds
    long millis = 0;
    // float for calculating trits from time.
    float tim = 0;
    // ints for minute and hour offsets.
    int minInt = 0;
    int hourInt = 0;

    // lists for time to trit for loop conversions.
    int [] trits3 = {9, 3, 1};
    int [] trits4 = {27, 9, 3, 1};

    // absolute count for trouble shooting
    // long x = 0;

    /**
     * Whether the display supports fewer bits for each color in ambient mode. When true, we
     * disable anti-aliasing in ambient mode.
     */
    boolean mLowBitAmbient;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        super.onCreate(holder);

        setWatchFaceStyle(new WatchFaceStyle.Builder(ternary.this)
                .setCardPeekMode(WatchFaceStyle.PEEK_MODE_VARIABLE)
                .setBackgroundVisibility(WatchFaceStyle.BACKGROUND_VISIBILITY_INTERRUPTIVE)
                .setShowSystemUiTime(false)
                .setAcceptsTapEvents(true)
                .build());
        Resources resources = ternary.this.getResources();

        // shift y offset up
        mYOffset = -30 + resources.getDimension(R.dimen.digital_y_offset);

        mBackgroundPaint = new Paint();
        mBackgroundPaint.setColor(resources.getColor(R.color.background));

        mTextPaint = new Paint();
        mTextPaint = createTextPaint(resources.getColor(R.color.digital_text));

        mTime = new Time();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mUpdateTimeHandler.removeMessages(MSG_UPDATE_TIME);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    private Paint createTextPaint(int textColor) {
        Paint paint = new Paint();
        paint.setColor(textColor);
        paint.setTypeface(NORMAL_TYPEFACE);
        paint.setAntiAlias(true);
        return paint;
    }

    @Override
    public void onVisibilityChanged(boolean visible) {
        super.onVisibilityChanged(visible);

        if (visible) {
            registerReceiver();

            // Update time zone in case it changed while we weren't visible.
            mTime.clear(TimeZone.getDefault().getID());
            mTime.setToNow();
        } else {
            unregisterReceiver();
        }

        // Whether the timer should be running depends on whether we're visible (as well as
        // whether we're in ambient mode), so we may need to start or stop the timer.
        updateTimer();
    }

    private void registerReceiver() {
        if (mRegisteredTimeZoneReceiver) {
            return;
        }
        mRegisteredTimeZoneReceiver = true;
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED);
        ternary.this.registerReceiver(mTimeZoneReceiver, filter);
    }

    private void unregisterReceiver() {
        if (!mRegisteredTimeZoneReceiver) {
            return;
        }
        mRegisteredTimeZoneReceiver = false;
        ternary.this.unregisterReceiver(mTimeZoneReceiver);
    }

    @Override
    public void onApplyWindowInsets(WindowInsets insets) {
        super.onApplyWindowInsets(insets);

        // Load resources that have alternate values for round watches.
        Resources resources = ternary.this.getResources();
        boolean isRound = insets.isRound();

        // shift offset 75 to the right
        mXOffset = 75 + resources.getDimension(isRound
                ? R.dimen.digital_x_offset_round : R.dimen.digital_x_offset);
        float textSize = resources.getDimension(isRound
                ? R.dimen.digital_text_size_round : R.dimen.digital_text_size);

        // adjust hrs Indent to MXOffset
        hrsIndent = hrsIndentAdjust + mXOffset;

        // adjust size to textRatio
        mTextPaint.setTextSize(textSize * textRatio );
    }

    @Override
    public void onPropertiesChanged(Bundle properties) {
        super.onPropertiesChanged(properties);
        mLowBitAmbient = properties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_LOW_BIT_AMBIENT, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onTimeTick() {
        super.onTimeTick();
        invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    public void onAmbientModeChanged(boolean inAmbientMode) {
        super.onAmbientModeChanged(inAmbientMode);
        if (mAmbient != inAmbientMode) {
            mAmbient = inAmbientMode;
            if (mLowBitAmbient) {
                mTextPaint.setAntiAlias(!inAmbientMode);
            }
            invalidate();
        }

        // Whether the timer should be running depends on whether we're visible (as well as
        // whether we're in ambient mode), so we may need to start or stop the timer.
        updateTimer();
    }

    /**
     * Captures tap event (and tap type) and toggles the background color if the user finishes
     * a tap.
     */
    @Override
    public void onTapCommand(int tapType, int x, int y, long eventTime) {
        Resources resources = ternary.this.getResources();
        switch (tapType) {
            case TAP_TYPE_TOUCH:
                // The user has started touching the screen.
                break;
            case TAP_TYPE_TOUCH_CANCEL:
                // The user has started a different gesture or otherwise cancelled the tap.
                break;
            case TAP_TYPE_TAP:
                // The user has completed the tap gesture.
                mTapCount++;
                mBackgroundPaint.setColor(resources.getColor(mTapCount % 2 == 0 ?
                        R.color.background : R.color.background2));
                break;
        }
        invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas canvas, Rect bounds) {
        // Greebo counter
        // x += 1;

        // seconds handling
        wasSecs = yesSecs;
        yesSecs = allowSecs && !isInAmbientMode();
        // for clearing seconds
        if (!yesSecs && wasSecs) { sks = ""; }

        // Draw at mid second
        if (c == 0 && yesSecs) {
            drawNow = true;
        } else {
            c = 0;
            // mid minute
            if (mTime.second == 30 || isInAmbientMode()) {
                drawNow = true;
            } else {
                // mid hour
                if (mTime.second == 0) {
                    if (mTime.minute == 30) {
                        drawNow = true;
                    } else {
                        // mid night
                        if (mTime.minute == 0) {
                            if (mTime.hour == 0) {
                                drawNow = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (drawNow) {
            drawNow = false;

            mTime.setToNow();
            millis = System.currentTimeMillis() % 1000;

            // mid seconds
            if (yesSecs) { if (millis > 499) { c = 1; } }

            tim = (float)((mTime.minute * 60 + mTime.second) * 1000 + millis)/ 3600000;
            // hours past noon
            tim += mTime.hour - 12;

            // find hrs 9s, 3s, 1s.
            openGate = false;
            if (yesFirstRun || mTime.minute == 30){ openGate = true; }
            else { openGate = mTime.second == 0 && mTime.minute == 0 && mTime.hour == 0;}
            if (openGate) {
                hrs = "";
                hourInt = 0;
                // i is for item.
                for (int i : trits3) {
                    if (tim > ((float) i / 2)) {
                        tim -= i;
                        hourInt -= i;
                        hrs = hrs + "1";
                    } else {
                        if (tim < ((float) i / -2)) {
                            tim += i;
                            hourInt += i;
                            hrs = hrs + "¬";
                        } else {
                            hrs = hrs + "0";
                        }
                    }
                    // add space
                    if (i > 1) {hrs += " "; }
                }
            } else { tim += hourInt; }

            // minutes 27s, 9s, 3s, 1s
            openGate = false;
            if (yesFirstRun || mTime.second == 30 || isInAmbientMode()) {openGate = true; }
            else { openGate = mTime.second == 0 && (mTime.minute == 30
                    || (mTime.minute == 0 && mTime.hour == 0));}
            if (openGate) {
                mns = "";
                tim *= 60;
                minInt = 0;
                // i is for item.
                for (int i : trits4) {
                    if (tim > ((float) i / 2)) {
                        tim -= i;
                        if (yesSecs) {minInt -= i;}
                        mns = mns + "1";
                    } else {
                        if (tim < ((float) i / -2)) {
                            tim += i;
                            if (yesSecs) {minInt += i;}
                            mns = mns + "¬";
                        } else {
                            mns = mns + "0";
                        }
                    }
                    // add space
                    if (i > 1) {mns += " "; }
                }
            } else { if (yesSecs) { tim += minInt; tim *= 60; } }

            // seconds 27s, 9s, 3s, 1s
            if (yesSecs) {
                sks = "";
                tim *= 60;
                for (int i : trits4) {
                    if (tim > ((float) i / 2)) {
                        tim -= i;
                        sks = sks + "1";
                    } else {
                        if (tim < ((float) i / -2)) {
                            tim += i;
                            sks = sks + "¬";
                        } else {
                            sks = sks + "0";
                        }
                    }
                    // add space
                    if (i > 1) {sks += " "; }
                }
            }
        }

        // Draw the background.
        if (isInAmbientMode()) {
            canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK);
        } else {
            canvas.drawRect(0, 0, bounds.width(), bounds.height(), mBackgroundPaint);
        }

        // draw hours
        canvas.drawText(hrs, hrsIndent, mYOffset - ySpacer, mTextPaint);
        // draw minutes
        canvas.drawText(mns, mXOffset, mYOffset, mTextPaint);
        // draw or clear seconds
        if (yesSecs || wasSecs) {canvas.drawText(sks, mXOffset, mYOffset + ySpacer , mTextPaint);}

        // show count and millis for greebo reduction.
        // canvas.drawText(String.format("%1$03d,%2$02d,%3$d", x % 1000, millis / 10, 0), mXOffset, mYOffset + 100, mTextPaint);
        //canvas.drawText(String.format("%$02d:%2$02d:%3$02d", mTime.hour, mTime.minute,
        //        mTime.second), mXOffset, mYOffset + 100, mTextPaint);

    }

    /**
     * Starts the {@link #mUpdateTimeHandler} timer if it should be running and isn't currently
     * or stops it if it shouldn't be running but currently is.
     */
    private void updateTimer() {
        mUpdateTimeHandler.removeMessages(MSG_UPDATE_TIME);
        if (shouldTimerBeRunning()) {
            mUpdateTimeHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_UPDATE_TIME);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the {@link #mUpdateTimeHandler} timer should be running. The timer should
     * only run when we're visible and in interactive mode.
     */
    private boolean shouldTimerBeRunning() {
        return isVisible() && !isInAmbientMode();
    }

    /**
     * Handle updating the time periodically in interactive mode.
     */
    private void handleUpdateTimeMessage() {
        invalidate();
        if (shouldTimerBeRunning()) {
            long timeMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
            long delayMs = INTERACTIVE_UPDATE_RATE_MS
                    - (timeMs % INTERACTIVE_UPDATE_RATE_MS);
            mUpdateTimeHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_UPDATE_TIME, delayMs);
        }
    }
}

}

A: The "onCreate()" method seems to correlate with:
public class ternary extends CanvasWatchFaceService
Your declaration should be as follows:
public class ternary extends CanvasWatchFaceService {
    private AlarmManager mAmbientStateAlarmManager;
    private PendingIntent mAmbientStatePendingIntent;

And be sure to import android.app.AlarmManager and android.app.PendingIntent
.


Chris Herd was not in the squad for Aston Villa.
Adam Federici played a full match for Reading.
Bailey Wright and Neil Kilkenny played full matches for Preston.
Rhys Williams played a full match for Middlesbrough while Matthew Fletcher was an unused substitute for Hull.
Alex Cisak was an unused substitute for Burnley.
Shane Lowry played a full match while Scott McDonald was an unused substitute for Millwall.
Aaron Downes played a full match and scored (1-0, 17′).
Mitchell Austin played until the 73rd minute.
Adam Parkhouse played a full match.
Caleb Patterson-Sewell played a full match for Gil Vicente.
Robert Stambolziev came on in the 46th minute.


text:
'We hope to keep the winning momentum intact', says FC Bengaluru United's Arun Kumar
December 9, 2021 in Latest News
Bengaluru (Karnataka) [India], December 9 (ANI): FC Bengaluru United have enjoyed a stellar start in the ongoing BDFA Super Division League 2021-22. The defending champions are on an unbeaten streak, having won all seven of their games played so far, and not having conceded a single goal.
FCBU midfielder Arun Kumar D spoke about his club's performance, praising the positive environment at the camp.
"The squad is completely united and our preparation leading up to the tournament has been spot on. Our mindset is extremely positive and we have focused hard on every single game thus far. We hope to continue this momentum," said Arun Kumar in a statement.
The Karnataka footballer said that while the unbeaten run has played a great role in keeping spirits upbeat, the team is always aware that there is no room for complacency.
"There's a great feeling of unity and togetherness within the side. We all have a big smile on our faces when we are training and this reflects how happy and motivated we all are. We also know that still more hard work lies ahead and we are keen to keep proving ourselves on the field," he said.
On being asked about his role at the club, Arun said that his job is to keep the opposition at bay and boost the efforts of the defence.
"We have started well in the tournament and are keen to maintain the same intensity. I want to work hard in my role in the midfield to help keep the opposition at bay, not concede any goals and keep our clean sheet record intact," he said.
On a personal level, the 22-year-old further expressed a desire to play in the Indian Super League, and also don the Indian jersey.
"I want to represent my country and help India do well on the international stage. I would also like to see myself play in the ISL and give my best to my club. My motto – irrespective of whichever team I am in – is to not let my team down," he signed off.
FC Bengaluru United will face off against Kickstart FC in their next game on Friday, December 10 at the Bengaluru Football Stadium.(ANI)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DRM Free Is Not Free Enough
Rumor has it that Apple is on the verge of removing the digital rights protection from its iTunes Music Store products.
That will be a remarkable achievement should it happen -- even for Steve Jobs who more than a year ago tried to publicly bully the labels into letting him sell their songs without digital rights management.
You may remember that Jobs went public with a letter that the time had come to loosen up the reins on music protection. The labels responded by saying, you loosen up on Fairplay first. Fairplay is Apple's proprietary rights management system.
You may or may not be surprised to know that at least one label -- and I suspect more -- had contingency plans to eliminate DRM years ago. Internally, I was told, they were simply holding out for as long as they could.
To me that's the record labels only strategy -- hold out.
Now, if the DRM removal rumors are true, the labels are apparently going to cooperate with the inevitable -- even though it was inevitable a long time ago. They would be allowing the consumer to actually pay 99 cents for each song and let them transfer it to their other devices and use it as if they purchased a tangible product -- say, a CD.
Makes sense to the consumer -- now it's starting to make sense to the labels.
Kinda. Sorta.
By being late to the DRM free derby, the labels have actually helped grow the free file sharing market. Those of you who have teens will attest to the fact that your sons and daughters no longer have to come to you for money to buy music. Again I will say, this isn't about whether it's right or wrong -- that's another discussion. It's about whether the labels can control digital music the way they control CDs at Wal-Mart.
No one is walking out of Wal-Mart with a CD without paying -- not without punishment, of course.
But almost everyone is walking away from their computers with music that they didn't pay for.
I am separating the ethical issues because this is also a business discussion. The labels aren't going to be able to guilt or threaten the next generation into paying for their music any more than the Catholic Church could prevent Baby Boomers from using birth control.
So DRM free music -- especially on iTunes -- is a good thing.
You pay -- and you get to enjoy the music as you would if you bought a CD.
But DRM free is not free enough.
The next generation is in control -- as if the labels didn't know it. They want their music for free. They expect it for free. And they control the virtual record store.
I once said to a music industry class, how do you feel about the DRM issue? Is it important? And they answered -- no. Because all their music was DRM free -- it was stolen.
I've said this before -- unless or until record labels can control the checkout register, they can't control piracy. And by now they must be painfully aware that they cannot control the checkout register on bit torrent sites and other means of stealing music.
But, they hold on nonetheless hoping CD sales will miraculously rebound or that Apple will go hog wild selling so many 99 cent songs that digital will make up the difference with plastic.
In a way, I can understand their reluctance to blow up a big business.
Record labels still make billions and billions of dollars from the sale of product -- CDs. Why give it up? But they also must remember that these sales have been declining for all but one year since 2000.
They threatened.
They ran Napster out of business for letting the genie out of the bottle.
They stuck to their original 1950's game plan.
They offered products that have laid a big egg -- you know, $19.95 for all the music you can eat. Cell phones loaded with music. Monthly plans you don't want. They've all languished in some form of failure or another. And I imagine this sluggish economy isn't going to make $19.95 a month for music any more attractive.
We've reached the end.
DRM free is not free enough.
Whether the labels like it or not, all music will be free. That is going to be tough for them to swallow -- easier when they are not still making billions from CD sales.
Free -- music for free.
Not for another five or ten years, say -- but the labels may not live long enough as a non-growth business to survive. You can only live on catalog, ringtones and publishing rights for so long.
But free is a faster way to profit than charging for CDs music lovers don't want to buy.
The labels will sooner or later understand that they will have to create ancillary streams of income around free music discovery in order to become a growth business again. That is, if they really want to remain a player.
And they'll have to use their nemesis -- the Internet -- to their advantage. Learning the real meaning of social networking -- the labels think it is a marketing tool like direct mail. It is not. It is a two-way beneficial relation as Barack Obama proved with his faithful.
They are going to have to kick Live Nation out of the concert business and acquire the skills to offer their own A to Z live performance services. (Note I did say "acquire the skills" because the labels do not presently have these abilities).
The labels could win fans by getting around Ticketmaster -- the hated middleman for concert goers -- and show consumers what a win-win ticket price really is.
Our friends at the labels could take merch out of the back room and make it a chief revenue source by redefining what merchandising can really be once you've won the hearts, souls and ears of consumers who are enjoying free music.
The labels could and should bypass radio and deliver their own "radio". I've been trying to get one of the big four to do this for a year now. Send music podcasts in every musical genre at 12 midnight every night with 30 minutes of new, free music. Don't -- I repeat -- don't add djs. That's radio and that will not work. But put experts and band members on to talk about the new tracks, the recording of the album -- get sponsors, make money.
I'm so damn excited just writing this piece I can't even see straight, but back to reality.
The labels haven't hit rock bottom as long as they make billions so they will flick off the digital future and hold on to what they've got -- which is what?
DRM free music -- four years too late.
Rampant piracy of their songs and artists.
Declining revenue from CD sales -- the only thing keeping them in business under their old school plan.
And no realistic, workable blueprint for the future.
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text:
Babe Ruth fall one game short of World Series run
Zach Gurr of Pitman lays a bunt down the third base line during the second game of the Pacific Southwest Regional finale to score Mason Washington from third. - photo by EDDIE RUIZ / The Journal
Eddie Ruiz
The Stanislaus Cardinals Babe Ruth 18-year-old team reached the Pacific Southwest Regional championship game for the second consecutive season, only to fall in two straight games to the eventual winners in San Gabriel Valley at Modesto Christian on Monday.
Only one game away from reaching the World Series, the Cardinals fell in the first contest after a late game heroic from San Gabriel which led to the 2-0 loss. The Cardinals dropped the second game, 4-3.
Despite a disappointing ending, Cardinals head coach Bobby Swedberg said he could not be any more proud of his team for what they accomplished throughout the season.
"We didn't overlook them, they are a good team. They hit the ball well and execute when they need to. Every game we played them was a great game," Swedberg said. "It was very tight against these guys. When you get to this level and regionals, we all know that we will be playing tough competition and today things didn't go our way."
To get here the Cardinals swept by their first three opponents, ending with a 2-1 win in Saturday's semifinal against San Gabriel, but this would be the only time they could trounce the Southern California Babe Ruth squad.
"Just to get that opportunity was huge this year, very proud of our guys," said Swedberg.
Jacob Ahid started Saturday's game and tossed up five strong innings, allowing only one run in the process. Tyler Murphy finished off the last two innings with shutouts to end the game in favor of the Cardinals and a spot in the finale.
"We got bases loaded in the bottom of the fifth with two outs and I waved Mason Washington from third and he knocked the ball out of the catcher's hand at home to get the go-ahead run," said Swedberg. "Jacob [Ahid] kept their hitters off balance all night and Tyler did great at the end."
Murphy started the first game on Monday and the 0-0 score heading into the sixth was broken up by San Gabriel after a two-run game resulted in the tournament's first loss for the Cardinals, forcing a second game.
The momentum seemed to have shifted over to San Gabriel by this point because the Cardinals looked stunned when the contest ended.
"Those were some great games," Swedberg said.
In the second game, San Gabriel jumped out to a 2-0 lead after the first inning, but in the third, Nikko Delgado hit a two-run homer to deep left field to put his team up 3-2 after Washington was squeezed in with a bunt before the home-run.
"We battled in the second one after they got a couple runs and took the lead. We just weren't able to capitalize. They are a great team you know," said Swedberg. "We could've easily won and gone on to the World Series, we're a great team, got great ball players with bright futures."
The final two runs were added on in the bottom of the fourth to take the 4-3 lead and San Gabriel wouldn't let anything else reach home plate.
Cody Cornell, who recently graduated from Turlock High, started the game but would pick up the loss after giving up four earned runs.
San Gabriel proved to be the clutch team at the end, while the Cardinals' bats were kept cool towards the end.
"What these kids do on the field speaks for itself. It is well deserved of a season and praise all the way around," Swedberg said. "They have been consistent all year and to be able to get recognized at regionals is a compliment to their character and athletic ability."
Turlock American 12s capture District 73 title


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Using the Motorola Moto Z.
From long bomber jackets to split hem pullovers to technical sweats.
For its upcoming pop-up at Opening Ceremony.
Here's What Went Down at No Vacancy Inn x KNOW WAVE "Communiversity"
Featuring the A$AP Rocky, Benji B, Lil Silva and Virgil Abloh.
Performing "Starboy," "24K Magic," "Million Reasons" and more.


text:
=begin

define a method that takes an array

we're going to iterate through the array and add each number together

output the total

=end

# 1. total initial solution

def total(arr)
  output = 0
  arr.each do |x|
    output += x
  end
  output
end

# 3. total refactored solution

def total(arr)
  return arr.inject(:+)
end

# 4. sentence_maker pseudocode
# make sure all pseudocode is commented out!
# Input: An array of strings
# Output: Those strings consolidated in a single sentence
# (That sentence should be capitalized and end in a period) May have to taper off the spacing somehow..
# Steps to solve the problem.

=begin
define a method that takes an array

we're going to iterate through array and join the strings together to form a sentence

return our string capitalized

=end

# 5. sentence_maker initial solution

def sentence_maker(arr)
  output = ""
  arr.each do |word|
    output += (word.to_s + " ")
  end
  output.capitalize.strip + "."
end

# 6. sentence_maker refactored solution
=begin
Returns a string created by converting each element of the array to a string,
separated by the given separator. If the separator is nil, it uses current $,.
If both the separator and $, are nil, it uses empty string.
=end

def sentence_maker(arr)
  arr[0] = arr[0].capitalize
  return arr.join(" ") + "."
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Eurocrypt 2016 is the 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques. It is devoted to all aspects of cryptology. Eurocrypt 2016 is one of the three flagship conferences of International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR), and is organized by the Crypto Group at IST Austria, supported by SBA Research.
EUROCRYPT 2016 will be held on 8 – 12 May in Vienna, Austria.
Early registration ends on April 24, 2016.


text:
static HPEN hPenGrey = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(180, 180, 180));
HPEN getGreyPen() {
    DeleteObject(hPenGrey);
    hPenGrey = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, CS(COLOR_REF));
    return hPenGrey; };


text:
The Year of the Anti-Establishment Insurgent
Ken Gude
by Ken Gude
The anti-establishment campaigns of Sanders and Trump certainly share some common elements. Both Sanders and Trump describe a rigged political system that favors wealthy interests over average Americans. They appeal to an electorate that is deeply angry with the direction of the country and fed up with a government that seems incapable of doing anything about it. And they are taking on their party's elite in a way few could have predicted a year ago.
But there is a crucial difference between these two insurgent candidates. Trump is exposing the disconnect between the Republican party elite and its base of support and is his campaign is like an earthquake shaking the Grand Old Party's foundation to its core in a way that it might never recover. Republicans are in full blown crisis, with many influential Republicans openly wondering if this is the end of the GOP as a cohesive electoral force in American politics regardless of whether Trump wins the presidency. This meltdown will certainly be analyzed in more detail in future updates.
Sanders, on the other hand, is running a campaign to move his party not destroy it. And in many respects he has succeeded, particularly in forcing Clinton to adopt a more populist economic agenda than she anticipated at the outset of this campaign. Sanders' campaign has also shown both the potential promise and pitfalls for the future progressive and Democratic coalition that simultaneously seems poised to secure a governing majority and could be at the beginning of a similar trend that has eviscerated the Republican Party.
What is happening to the Republicans, albeit still contained within the Party structure, is similar to the National Front in France, Podemos in Spain, or Syriza in Greece. These movements are not about merely changing the policies of the traditional left or right wing parties in those countries, they are about replacing them with radical programs of the left or right. Though there are important differences, Sanders resembles a nascent Jeremy Corbyn style movement within the British Labour Party. There is still time for Democrats to respond and capitalize on the enthusiasm that Sanders has generated in certain quarters. The same can't be said for Republicans.
Sanders' success in the early states up until South Carolina was built on two key factors. First, the Democratic primary electorates have become more liberal in their political outlook over the eight years since the 2008 primaries. The shift was most pronounced in Iowa and New Hampshire seeing double digit increases in the percent of those that voted identifying as very liberal. This trend in the early states has been evident in national polling as well, with now 45% of Democrats identifying as liberal, the largest segment of the party, when in 2000 only 29% of Democrats described themselves that way, then the smallest segment of the party.
Secondly and definitely counter intuitively, the 74-year-old socialist from Vermont has been able to energize and motivate young voters at practically unbelievable numbers relative to Clinton. In Iowa, New Hampshire, and Nevada Sanders won more than 80% of voters under 30. These Millennial voters are part of the largest generation in American history—larger than the fabled post-World War II Baby Boomer generation—and could form a key part of the Democratic coalition for years to come.
Sanders has captured them at least in part because he is speaking to conditions that they feel in their lives. Many are either in college or recent graduates struggling with massive student loan debt and entering a workforce that is only slowly recovering to the level of employment before the financial crisis of 2008-09. In addition, wages have only just started to grow, meaning their higher level of debt is not being offset by more earnings.
Sanders has built his campaign around these and other major problems, blaming a corrupt political system for their persistence, and proposed solutions that match the scale of these challenges. And a more liberal Democratic primary electorate fueled in part by Millennials has enthusiastically supported this policy platform. This could be a moment when forces are aligning to move the country to the left and build a governing coalition to support progressive solutions to America's challenges.
But the Sanders phenomenon also highlights a real risk for Democrats. The policies he is pushing have no chance of being implemented, and not simply because Republicans currently control both chambers of congress and are likely to maintain control of at least the House of Representatives in 2017. Rather, Sanders' policies would not be passed even if Democrats were in the majority. We know this because it was only in 2009-10 when Democrats held massive majorities in congress and still failed to enact anything like the policies Sanders now proposes. Another problem is that his policies simply don't add up and rely on the kind of magic accounting that permeates Republican tax and spending plans.
This is a departure from traditional Democratic approaches to campaigning and policy. It is fair to say that there were great expectations that accompanied President Obama's campaign for the presidency, but the actual policies that he was running on were orthodox Democratic policies. Sanders' proposals for much higher taxes, debt free college, and another health care overhaul to implement a single payer system are simply not feasible and resemble the kinds of promises made Republicans that have created unreasonable expectations among conservatives that has contributed to the rise of Trump.
Sanders' recognizes that his plans do not have majority support and counters that he will start a political revolution in the United States by fighting against endemic corruption that will draw more people into the political process and create a new governing coalition to implement his policies. The only problem is that even though he has achieved great success relative to expectations in this campaign so far, there is no evidence of a political revolution. Turnout is down among Democrats across the first four primary states in 2016 compared to 2008.
Bernie Sanders' campaign has both been reflective of and driven a changing Democratic Party. This represents an opportunity to capitalize on a moment in American politics when Republicans appear to be collapsing and a new governing coalition could be forming to support genuinely progressive policies to address the country's major challenges. It also presents a risk. Democrats must recognize that the party can't become unmoored from the country as a whole, that it must shift the entire political spectrum to the left and build a policy platform that can obtain majority support. Otherwise, Democrats risk going down the same path as Republicans and increasing voters' anger and frustration at a political system that continues to fail to deliver.
Elections AnalysisElection Analysis
The Czech elections in a (Central-) European context
Tomáš Petříček
The Czech progressives have suffered a disastrous defeat in this weekend's general elections. This raises concerns about the future of the centre-left in the country. While domestic causes have been the principal factors in the defeat, the role of regional and European dynamics in the election campaign are worth exploring too. The Czech centre-left has […]
Elections Analysis Next Democracy spotlightsAndrej Babiš ANO Central Europe Christian Democrats Civic Democrats Czech Republic Czech Republic Elections European Union Janez Janša Jarosław Kaczyński Pirate Party Social Democrats Viktor Orban
The Czech right will rule, the left stays out of the Parliament
Patrik Eichler
In a sharply worded clash over the future of Prime Minister Andrej Babiš as a person burdened by a series of scandals and misconduct, left-wing politics failed to contribute and offer its social agenda as a topic in the campaign for last weekend's elections in the Czech Republic. The deteriorating health of President Miloš Zeman […]
Elections Analysis Next Democracyandre Andrej Babiš Christian Democrats Civic Democrats Communist Party Coronavirus Czech Republic Czech Republic Elections Miloš Zeman Pirate Party Social Democrats SPOLU
The Czech election campaign was dominated by populism and emptiness
Daniela Ostrá
The main topic of the Czech parliamentary elections was the future of Prime Minister Andrej Babiš. The main right-wing coalition SPOLU (Together) successfully raised that topic early on, and made it its sole focus for several months. The Czech Republic has undergone an unprecedented health crisis, which has been responsible for more than 30,000 deaths. […]
Elections Analysis Next DemocracyAndrej Babiš ANO Civic Democrats Communist Party Czech Republic Czech Republic Elections Election Analysis Pirate Party Social Democrats SPOLU


text:
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Nonlinear field theories supporting kinks in one plus one dimension, and their embeddings in higher dimensions called defects, have a wide range of applications, from protein folding and optical fibers to particle physics and cosmology. Surprisingly, the scattering of kinks reveals a fascinating and rather complex  behavior \cite{SM, Shnir, Kev}, despite its conceptual simplicity.  The best example is the fractal structure observed in the final state formation in KAK scattering in non-integrable scalar field theories like the $\phi^4$ model \cite{Sug, Mosh, CSW, Goodman, TW} where, depending on the initial velocity $v_{i}$ of the colliding solitons, two main channels occur: {\it 1)} annihilation to the vacuum via the formation of quasi-periodic, slowly decaying states ("bions"), or {\it 2)} the reappearance of free kinks after a few {\it bounces}. Both the regions where a bion is created (bion chimneys) and the $n$-bounce regions (bounce windows) show a fractal pattern.

Qualitatively, the existence of the fractal structure is attributed to the so-called {\it resonance phenomenon} \cite{Sug}, \cite{CSW},  \cite{TW} which couples the kinetic degrees of freedom (DoF) of a soliton with the internal ones. The kinetic (translational) DoF are obviously related to the lightest excitation of the soliton, its zero mode. The internal DoF are typically the massive normal (or quasi-normal \cite{trom}) modes of the asymptotic states, i.e., of the free, infinitely separated solitons. During a collision, the energy which is initially stored in the kinetic DoF of the incoming solitons (and possibly also in initially exited massive modes) may be transferred temporarily to the internal DoF, which results in a complicated pattern of final states.

Here it is assumed that the normal modes take the fixed form resulting from the asymptotic kink and antikink during the whole scattering, and no deformation due to the presence of the collision partner is taken into account. We say that the normal modes are "frozen". The reason is that for KAK configurations with a finite separation no static solution with a well-defined linear problem (i.e., well-defined normal modes) is available in the $\phi^4$ model. For many years it was believed that the non-integrable mechanical system resulting from a  "collective coordinate" (CC) approximation, where only the relative KAK separation $s(t)$ and the two normal-mode amplitudes $A_1(t)$ and $A_2(t)$ are promoted to dynamical variables, allows for a reliable quantitative description of KAK scattering and the resonance mechanism. A typographical error \cite{TW} in the original paper \cite{Sug} which propagated through the subsequent literature, however, invalidated those conclusions. Only very recently it has been shown that the CC approach allows for a reliable description of KAK scattering in the reflection-symmetric case $A\equiv A_1 = - A_2$  \cite{MORW}. Here the two crucial steps are {\em i)} the removal of a coordinate singularity in the "moduli space" spanned by the CC, and {\em ii)} a judicious choice of the initial value of the amplitude $A$, which must be inferred from the one-kink sector.  The same resonance mechanism is assumed to be responsible for the existence of fractal structures also in many other models \cite{kiv, GH, izquierdo, long-tail, simas, bazeia, yan, Moh, villa, Sangmo}.

In contrast, in some theories there exist static KAK configurations solving the static Euler-Lagrange equations for arbitrary KAK separation, implying the existence of (at least) a one-parameter family of static KAK solutions, parametrized, e.g., by the separation parameter $s$. In this case, each static KAK solution has its own linear problem, and the resulting normal modes and their frequencies, in general, vary with $s$. Adiabatic low-energy KAK scattering may be described by an effective motion on the subspace spanned by $s$, but for more excited initial conditions the normal modes and their variation with $s$ play a crucial role. In particular, whenever a discrete normal mode frequency disappears into the continuum at a particular value $s_{\rm SW}$ of $s$, this has a huge impact on the scattering process (spectral wall phenomenon \cite{spectral-wall, no-force-scatt, two-field-SW}). In an effective CC description, it is mandatory to include the full "dynamical" normal modes, i.e., their variation with $s$. Any restriction to the frozen normal modes completely misses the spectral walls.

In this letter, we consider an intermediate situation, where in addition to the free infinitely separated solitons there exists a {\it sphaleron} \cite{T, KM, MSam}, i.e., an unstable static KAK solution at a certain finite separation $s_b$. It turns out that the lowest normal mode of this unstable solution can be the main factor governing the dynamics of KAK collisions in some cases.  Specifically, this normal mode may act as the internal DoF capable of storing energy and triggering the fractal structure of final states.
This result presents another manifestation of the importance of the temporary form of the field and, therefore, of the temporary properties of the related normal modes, in KAK collisions.  More generally, our results demonstrate the high significance of sphalerons in the dynamics of topological solitons.

\section{\label{sec:model}Model with unstable solution}

The family of models which we consider represent a modification of $\phi^4$ theory
\begin{equation} \label{L-nsd}
L[\phi, \sigma; \epsilon]=(1-\epsilon^2) L[\phi,\sigma]+ \epsilon^2 L [\phi],
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
 L[\phi]=\frac{1}{2} \int_{-\infty}^\infty  dx \left[ \phi_t^2-
\phi_x^2  - (1 - \phi^2)^2    \right] \label{phi4}
 \end{equation}
 is the usual $\phi^4$ model, while
\begin{equation}
L[\phi, \sigma]=\int_{-\infty}^\infty  dx \left(  \frac{1}{2}\phi_t^2  - \frac{1}{2}
\left( \phi_x  + \sigma (1-\phi^2 ) \right)^2 \right)
\end{equation}
is a BPS-impurity modification of the $\phi^4$ model, where the impurity (background field) $\sigma = \tanh (x)$ \cite{solvable-imp, no-force-scatt}, and $\epsilon \in [0,1]$.
Here BPS (=Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield) refers to the fact that the static field equations can be reduced to first-order ("BPS") equations, which possess a one-parameter family of KAK solutions, see eq. (\ref{BPS-sol}) below.

We choose the particular model (\ref{L-nsd}) because it has an unstable static solution - a sphaleron -  for any $\epsilon \in (0,1)$. Moreover, it allows to study the competition between the standard mechanism, where the frozen shape mode of the free soliton takes part in the resonant phenomenon, and the new mechanism due to the unstable static solution. The former occurs as $\epsilon \to 1$, as in the limit $\epsilon =1$ we recover $\phi^4$ theory, while the latter  dominates for $\epsilon^2 \lesssim 0.4$.

To understand the structure of solutions, let us begin with the $\epsilon=0$ limit, where there are infinitely many static, energetically equivalent solutions \cite{no-force-scatt}
\begin{equation}
\phi(x; \phi_0) = \frac{(1+\phi_0) -(1-\phi_0)\cosh^2 x}{(1+\phi_0) +(1-\phi_0)\cosh^2 x}. \label{BPS-sol}
\end{equation}
Their energy is set to 0. They are parametrized by $\phi_0 \in (-\infty,1)$, which coincides with the value of the field at the origin, and describes a kink and antikink at arbitrary distance \cite{footnote1}. For example, for $\phi_0 \to 1$ we arrive at the infinitely separated KAK pair while for $\phi_0=-1$ the solitons lie on top of each other, giving the $\phi=-1$ vacuum.
This degeneracy of the KAK solutions (\ref{BPS-sol}) is lifted if $\epsilon \neq 0$ by the following static (potential) energy emerging from (\ref{phi4})
\begin{equation}
V(\phi_0)=\epsilon^2  \int dx \frac{1}{2} \left( [\phi_x (x;\phi_0)]^2 + [1-\phi^2 (x;\phi_0)]^2 \right). \label{eff-pot-eps}
\end{equation}
Now, the ground state is $\phi=-1$ with $V=0$, while the infinitely separated KAK pair is a local minimum, where $V=8/3$. Importantly, there is also a local maximum, occurring at $\phi_0^b\approx 0.89167$, which suggests  the existence of an unstable solution, a sphaleron, see Fig. \ref{fig-potential}. Indeed, we find this solution numerically for any $\epsilon$ by solving the static Euler-Lagrange (EL) equation resulting from (\ref{L-nsd}), see Fig. \ref{unstable}. For $\epsilon^2  \lesssim 0.4$ they are very well approximated by the exact solution $\phi(x; \phi_0^b)$ of eq. (\ref{BPS-sol}).
\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-1.0cm}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{vm3.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=8.7cm]{unstable_static.pdf}
\caption{Left: the effective potential $ V(\phi_0)$. Right: the sphaleron for various $\epsilon$}
\label{fig-potential}
\label{unstable}
\end{figure}

Concerning the spectrum of small perturbations, we first observe that the continuum threshold is $\epsilon$ independent, $\omega^2_{c}=4$ \cite{small-force-scatt}.
As indicated, there are two configurations, i.e. (asymptotic) static solutions, with a well-defined linear problem, namely the asymptotic KAK pair and the sphaleron.
The asymptotic state is always an infinitely separated $\phi^4$ KAK pair, separated by the vacuum $+1$,
\begin{equation}
\phi(x) = \tanh(x+x_0)-\tanh(x-x_0)-1, \label{KAK}
\end{equation}
where $x_0\to \infty$. Therefore, each soliton has one massive normal mode, i.e., the {\it shape mode}, $\eta(x)=\sinh(x\pm x_0)/\cosh^2(x\pm x_0)$ with frequency $\omega^2_{shape}=3$. The vacuum $+1$ also provides two normal modes located at the origin, as a consequence of the presence of the impurity $\sigma$. Their frequencies grow with $\epsilon$. Specifically, $\omega^{2}_{imp \; (n)} = 4-1/4(\sqrt{25-24\epsilon^2}-1-2n)^2$, $n=0,1$. They disappear into the continuum spectrum at $\epsilon^2=1$ and $\epsilon^2=2/3$ for $n=0,1$ respectively, as it must be (they must be absent in the no-impurity limit $\epsilon \to 1$). The sphaleron solution, on the other hand, contributes with an obvious unstable mode with $\omega_0^2 <0$ and several positive frequency normal modes. In Tab. I we list the frequency $\omega_2$ of the most important, first even normal mode for several $\epsilon$.

\section{\label{sec:origin} Flow of the fractal structure}
\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-0.5cm} \includegraphics[width=1.05\columnwidth]{joined_scans-crop.pdf}
 \caption{Flow of the fractal structure with $\epsilon$. The dashed line represents $\tilde{v}_{crit}$.}\label{fig:fractal}
\end{figure}

Now we collide the solitons. We choose a largely separated KAK pair as our initial configuration, which are boosted towards each other
\begin{equation}
\phi_{in}(x,t) =  \tanh(\gamma(x-v_{i}t+x_0))-\tanh(\gamma(x+v_{i}t-x_0)) -1. \label{init}
\end{equation}
Here, $2x_0$ is the separation distance, $v_{i}$ is the initial velocity of the solitons and $\gamma=(1-v_{i}^2)^{-1/2}$. This is numerically evolved in the EL equation for $\epsilon \in [0,1]$. For each model (each $\epsilon$) we vary the initial velocity $v_i$ from 0 to 0.3. In Fig. \ref{fig:fractal} we plot the value of the field at the origin, $\phi(0,t)$, after a large time $t^*=550+40/v_{i}$ as a function of both the initial velocity $v_{i}$ and $\epsilon$. This shows how the fractal structure in the final state formation changes with $\epsilon$.

In Fig. \ref{fig:fractal} the blue regions correspond to the case where the kink and antikink reappear in the final state and therefore represent
bounce windows. For example, the big blue region is one-bounce scattering. There is also a zero-bounce window - a blue region (for very small $v_{in}$, below the multicolor region) related to an
elastic process resulting from the existence of the unstable static solution and the corresponding local energy
maximum which, during the evolution, acts as a kind of barrier. Initially separated solitons must have enough kinetic energy
to go through this point. Therefore, there exists a critical velocity $\tilde{v}_{crit}$ below which the kinks cannot pass over the sphaleron. The line $\tilde{v}_{crit}$ can be found from the energy conservation law. As $\epsilon \to 1$, the sphaleron looks like a kink-antikink pair with the
intersoliton distance going to infinity. Thus, its impact on the collision becomes immaterial, leading to a vanishing $\tilde{v}_{crit}$ as we flow to the $\phi^4$ model.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-1.0cm} \includegraphics[width=19.1cm]{velocitiscan3_new.pdf}
\hspace*{-1.0cm} \includegraphics[width=19.1cm]{velocitiscan1_new.pdf}
\caption{Structure of the final states for $\epsilon^2=0.2$ (upper) and $0.4$ (lower)}
\label{flow}
\end{figure}

Next, the multicolor (green, yellow and brown) regions correspond to bion chimneys in which a bion, a sort of quasi-oscillating state, decays into the vacuum via the emission of radiation. Typically, one defines another
critical initial velocity, $v_{crit}$, at which the fractal structure accumulates, while above $v_{crit}$ only one-bounce scattering is
observed. In Fig. \ref{fig:fractal} this velocity is defined by the border between the large blue and multicolor regions.

The two-bounce windows, bion chimneys and critical velocities are clearly visible in Fig. \ref{flow}, where we display the time dependence of the value of the field at the origin, $\phi(0,t)$, as a function of the initial velocity $v_{i}$ for $\epsilon^2=0.2$ and $0.4$. They are qualitatively similar to $\phi^4$ theory ($\epsilon=1$) although the range of $v_{i}$ at which the fractal structure exists strongly decreases as $\epsilon$ takes smaller values. Specifically, $v_{crit}$ decreases if $\epsilon \to 0$. One may observe that there are in fact two regimes: {\it (i)}  a linear decrease of $v_{crit}$ for $ 0.5 \lesssim \epsilon^2 \leq 1$; {\it (ii)} a much slower decrease of $v_{crit}$ for $ 0 \leq \epsilon^2 \lesssim 0.4$.  These two regimes reflect two different origins of the resonance phenomenon.

\vspace*{-0.2cm}
\section{\label{sec:fractal} Origin of the resonance phenomenon}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{trajectories_unstable_solution2-crop.pdf}
\caption{Bounces from the unstable solution for $\epsilon^2=0.2$.}\label{trajectories}
\end{figure}
Let us now concentrate on the second regime where $\epsilon^2 \lesssim 0.4$ and the sphaleron is very well approximated  by the exact configuration $\phi(x; \phi_0^b)$.

To understand the bouncing windows in Fig. \ref{flow}, we take a closer look at the time dependence of the field at the origin $\phi (x=0, t)$. In Fig. \ref{trajectories} we show representative trajectories $\phi (x=0, t)$ for the $\epsilon^2=0.2$ case. The black curve shows KAK scattering with initial velocity $v=0.0173562$, that is, below the critical velocity $\tilde{v}_{crit}$. The result is the elastic (no bounce) reflection at the sphaleron (denoted as the dashed line). As the velocity increases, we enter the region of annihilation via bion formation. Indeed, for $v=0.0173564$ (red curve), the trajectory passes the unstable solution. Then, it is reflected at the repulsive core (repulsive interaction due to the potential (\ref{eff-pot-eps})), which excites a bound mode. However, the reflected solution has too little energy to climb once again through the sphaleron. As a result, the KAK solution oscillates between the core and the unstable maximum, slowly decaying into the $\phi=-1$ vacuum. For $v=0.0174545$, we explore one of the 2-bounce windows. The corresponding trajectory (blue curve) bounces twice at the repulsive core and once at the unstable maximum. Each bouncing at the core affects the amplitude of the bound mode, which finally allows the trajectory to pass the unstable barrier. Thus, in the final state we have a kink-antikink pair. For $v=0.017555, v=0.0174524$ (green and purple curves, respectively) we have again an annihilation regime via a sequence of reflections between the repulsive core and the unstable maximum. Note that for the purple trajectory, the solution stays at the unstable maximum for a relatively long time, forming a stationary oscillating state. In fact, this curve represents a situation very close to the border between annihilation and 2-bouncing windows. For example, as we very slightly increase the velocity to $v=0.0175126$ (orange curve), the stationary solution chooses to pass the maximum, and the 2-bounce solution emerges. We have seen that in the bounce windows the trajectories spend a long time oscillating on the sphaleron until they fall on one side or another. This choice is synchronized with the phase of the oscillations.
The same pattern repeats for bigger $\epsilon^2 \lesssim 0.4$. To conclude, the fractal structure in this regime is triggered by the sphaleron.

This is further confirmed by the observation that the oscillation frequency is the frequency of {\it a bound mode of the sphaleron} which significantly differs from the frequency of the shape mode, $\omega_{shape}=\sqrt{3}$, of the free solitons. Indeed, the standard fit of the dependence of the window duration $T$ and the window number $n$
\begin{equation}
 T = \frac{2\pi}{\omega_{res}}n+\delta
\end{equation}
leads to the resonant frequency $\omega_{res}$ which, for sufficiently small $\epsilon$, is exactly the frequency of the first normal mode of the sphaleron, see Tab I. To conclude, in this regime of $\epsilon$, the duration of a 2-bounce solution in the n-th window is related to a bound mode excited on the unstable solution, and has nothing to do with a bound mode of the free (anti)kink.

\begin{table}  \label{tab-f}
{\scriptsize
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\hline\hline
\hspace*{1cm}$\epsilon^2$\hspace*{1cm} &\hspace*{1cm} $\omega_{res}$ \hspace*{1cm} & \hspace*{1cm} $\omega_{2}$ \hspace*{1cm}  \\
\hline
\texttt{0.2} & \texttt{1.553} & \texttt{1.558} \\
\texttt{0.3} & \texttt{1.572} & \texttt{1.582}  \\
\texttt{0.4} & \texttt{1.576} & \texttt{1.609} \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}}
\caption{Comparison of the fitted resonant frequency $\omega_{res}$ with the first even normal mode frequency $\omega_{2}$ of the sphaleron.}
\end{table}

In the regime where $\epsilon \to 1$, the well-know situation occurs. Namely, the free solitons provide the internal modes which enter into the resonance phenomenon, as very recently proved in \cite{MORW}. In the intermediate regime, both sources of the internal modes contribute, rendering the analysis quite involved. This regime requires further studies.
\vspace*{-0.2cm}
\section{\label{sec:summary}Summary}
In this work, we have shown that the internal mode participating in the resonance phenomenon, which stands behind the fractal structures in the formation of the final state in KAK collisions, may have a completely different origin than usually assumed. In particular, such a mode can be provided by an unstable static solution, a sphaleron, rather than the stable, free single (anti)kink solution. We want to emphasize that the important property of the specific example we chose is the existence of the sphaleron  and {\em not} the presence of the impurity. The impurity model just provides a particularly simple realisation of this mechanism.

Our results also indicate that the full understanding of soliton dynamics cannot be achieved only in terms of the asymptotic states, i.e., free solitons and their excitations \cite{nick}, even though such a frozen approach works well in many cases, see, e.g.,  \cite{MORW}. On the contrary, the temporary properties of the field can play the most prominent role and can, in fact, govern the KAK scattering. Obviously, this leads to an increased complexity of soliton dynamics and should result in the discovery of fractal structures in previously unexpected situations. The importance of transient, temporary states and their normal modes for KAK scattering was already emphasized in \cite{dor1} for the $\phi^6$ model, although no unstable solution was available in that case.

Moreover, our results explicitly show the high relevance of sphaleron solutions in the nonlinear dynamics of kinks. An important role of sphalerons in the dynamics of nonlinear field theories was conjectured since their discovery. An explicit demonstration, however,  is in general difficult because of the complex nature of time-dependent problems in those theories.
We would like to remark that unstable kinks (or domain walls) are common in models with two (and more) scalar fields as e.g., the Montonen-Sarker-Trullinger-Bishop model \cite{M, STB, Izq-2}. They also frequently exist in kink models with background fields where, at some point, the attractive force of a KAK pair can be compensated by external fields \cite{unst-osc} or by the presence of boundaries \cite{unst-bond-1}, \cite{unst-bond-2}. Finally, they have been recently found in a model with a higher order derivative term \cite{kev}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
C.A and A.W. acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education,
Culture, and Sports, Spain (Grant No. FPA2017-83814-P), the Xunta de
Galicia (Grant No. INCITE09.296.035PR and Conselleria de Educacion) and
the Spanish Consolider Program Ingenio 2010 CPAN (Grant No.
CSD2007-00042).
Further, this work has received financial support from Xunta de Galicia
(Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022), by
the European Union ERDF, and by the "María de Maeztu" Units of Excellence
program MDM-2016-0692 and the Spanish Research State Agency.
KO, TR and AW were supported by the Polish National Science Centre,
grant NCN 2019/35/B/ST2/00059.

We also thank Nick Manton for reading the manuscript and for calling our attention to Ref. \cite{kev}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
China should root out online games that distort history - China National Radio
China should root out online games that distort history - China National Radio - Copyright Thomson Reuters 2021
SHANGHAI – Chinese regulators should strengthen the vetting of online games and have "zero tolerance" toward those that distort history, state broadcaster China National Radio (CNR) said in commentary on its website.
The remarks – the latest in a series of critical articles in Chinese state media – are likely to exacerbate fears that the video game industry will be next in line to face regulatory action from domestic authorities.
One article https://www.reuters.com/technology/tencent-falls-after-china-media-calls-online-gaming-spiritual-opium-2021-08-03 which went viral this month called online games "spiritual opium", adding that children were becoming addicted and urging greater curbs. It sent shares in Tencent Holdings Ltd and other video game companies skidding.
Tencent soon after announced it was introducing new limits on kids' time spent on "Honor of Kings", its most popular game.
A separate article said tax breaks for the industry should be scrapped.
CNR said games that distort history could misguide young people and cited one example of a game in which Yue Fei, a Chinese general and national hero in the Song Dynasty, was depicted as a capitulator.
Chinese regulators have clamped down on a range of sectors from property to tech to private tutoring, tearing into regulatory norms to promote socialist values and rein in what critics have called reckless capitalist expansion.


Bought in the 1860's, the stretch from Sutherland to Cronulla was owned by wool merchant, financier and politician Thomas Holt. Taking inspiration from William Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', James Murphy - one of the Holt estate managers - gave the area the name Miranda, after a character in the play.
This project pays homage to the theatric origins of the name of the suburb Miranda, naming the development after the play itself, 'The Tempest'.


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Forest Hill T-Ball Association
1700 Queens Blvd.
KITCHENER, ONTARIO N2N 3L6
Division Information
General Division Info
Blastball
General Parent Info
Rulebook- Blastball
Rulebook- T-Ball
How to Sponsor a Team
Our teams meet/play two times each week. The following is our standard schedule for games:
Weekday games start at 6:30 p.m.
Saturday games start at 9:00 a.m.
Blastball (4-5 year olds, Born in 2015-2016) games are played on either Monday and Wednesday OR Tuesday and Thursday.
Junior T-Ball (6 year olds, Born in 2014) games are played on Tuesday and Thursday.
Intermediate T-Ball (7 year olds, Born in 2013) games are played on Wednesday and Saturday.
Senior T-Ball (8-9 year olds, Born in 2011-2012) games are played on Wednesday and Saturday.
Our 2020 season will begin on Monday, May 11th
About Blastball
About T- Ball
Our 2020 season begins Monday, May 11th. Register now and join in the fun!
In-person Registration Forest Heights Community Centre
March 7, 2020 @ 9:00 am to 12:00 pm
March 21, 2020 @ 9:00 am to 12:00 pm
Forms & Handouts
Copyright © 2020, Forest Hill T-Ball Association.


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Love at First Set: A Novel (Paperback)
By Jennifer Dugan
Sometimes true love takes a little heavy lifting
This irresistible adult debut from beloved YA author Jennifer Dugan is a queer romcom for fans of Delilah Green Doesn't Care and Written in the Stars, in which a gym employee accidentally ruins her bosses' daughter's wedding, then accidentally falls for the runaway bride...
The gym is Lizzie's life—it's her passion, her job, and the only place that's ever felt like home. Unfortunately, her bosses consider her a glorified check-in girl at best, and the gym punching bag at worst.
When their son, Lizzie's best friend, James, begs her to be his plus one at his perfect sister Cara's wedding, things go wrong immediately, and culminate in Lizzie giving a drunken pep talk to a hot stranger in the women's bathroom—except that stranger is actually the bride-to-be, and Lizzie has accidentally convinced her to ditch her groom.
Now, newly directionless Cara is on a quest to find herself, and Lizzie—desperate to make sure her bosses never find out her role in this fiasco—gets strong-armed by James into "entertaining" her. Cara doesn't have to know it's a setup; it'll just be a quick fling before she sobers up and goes back to her real life. After all, how could someone like Cara fall for someone like Lizzie, with no career and no future?
But the more Lizzie gets to know Cara, the more she likes her, and the bigger the potential disaster if any of her rapidly multiplying secrets get out. Because now it's not just Lizzie's job and entire future on the line, but also the girl of her dreams.
Fiction / Romance / Romantic Comedy
Fiction / Romance / LGBTQ+ / Lesbian
Fiction / Romance / LGBTQ+ / Bisexual
Fiction / Romance / New Adult
Fiction / Romance / Contemporary
Fiction / LGBTQ+
Publisher: Avon
Publication Date: May 23rd, 2023
"Earnest, wistful, romantic, and real...captures butterflies-in-your-stomach, most-important-thing-ever first love and still finds room to explore the messiness of coming out and coming of age queer." — Casey McQuiston, New York Times bestselling author, on Some Girls Do
"A treat of a book packed with scheming, queer romance, and amusement park food. This laugh-out-loud debut made me hungry and stole my heart." — Rachel Lynn Solomon, New York Times bestselling author, on Hot Dog Girl
"Come for the joy of seeing the beauty queen get the girl; stay for the compassionate exploration of queer visibility in all its complexity...[Some Girls Do] is beautiful, necessary, and completely irresistible." — Becky Albertalli, New York Times bestselling author
"Dugan's swooniest queer romance yet." — Culturess on Some Girls Do
"Dugan returns to the sweet Sapphic vibes of Hot Dog Girl with this newest, about two girls with undeniable chemistry and one big obstacle to being together." — Buzzfeed on Some Girls Do


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ZephyrTel Taps AI and ML with Amazon SageMake for Innovations in Telco Software Solutions
January 06, 2020 / RAY SHARMA
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ZephyrTel announced that it has signed a Strategic Collaboration Agreement (SCA) with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to accelerate the migration of its end-to-end Telco software solutions suite and develop new innovations utilising artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) with Amazon SageMaker. ZephyrTel had entered into a SCA with AWS in the first year of its formation, a testament to the company's growth strategy and focus on cloud transformation in the telecom market. The SCA has been focused initially on a go-to-market approach for ZephyrTel's industry leading Customer Experience Management platform, ResponseTek for Telco, which was the first ZephyrTel solution to be migrated to AWS.


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Giuseppe Domenico Perrucchetti, italijanski general in politik, * 13. julij 1839, † 5. oktober 1916.

Perrucchetti je najbolj znan kot ustanovitelj Korpusa alpinov in senator Italije.

Življenjepis
Na željo staršev je študiral arhitekturo na Univerzi v Pavii, nakar pa je v starosti 20 let prekinil študij, zbežal iz Lombardije in se pridružil Kraljevi sardinski vojski. Leta 1857 je diplomiral na kolidžu v Bergamu in nato postal predavatelj na fakulteti za inženirstvo na Univerzi v Pavii. Leta 1860 je končal še Vojaško akademijo v Ivrei (Accademia militare di Ivrea) in leta 1874 še Vojno šolo. Udeležil se je druge italijanske osamosvojitvene in avstrijsko-pruske vojne. Za zasluge med bitko za Custozo je bil odlikovan in povišan v stotnika ter bil poslan na vojaško šolo v Torino, kjer je ostal do leta 1885.

Leta 1871 je napisal članek Considerazioni su la difesa di alcuni valichi alpini e proposta di un ordinamento militare territoriale della zona alpina (Predlogi za obrambo nekaterih gorskih prelazov in predlog za regionalno vojaško organizacijo alpske cone) za italijanski vojaški zbornik Rivista Militare Italiana, v katerem je predlagal ustanovitev posebnega teritorialnega področja in samostojnih čet gorskih vojakov na Tirolskem, katere bi rekrutirali iz lokalnega prebivalstva in bi bili zadolženi za obrambo tega goratega področja. Njegov članek je prebral tudi takrat minister za vojno Italije, general Cesare Francesco Ricotti Magnani, ki je podprl idejo. Tako je bil 15. oktobra 1872 izdal kraljevi ukaz o ustanovitvi Čet alpinskega okrožja (Compagnie Distrettuali Alpine), kar predstavlja začetek današnjega Korpusa alpinov. Perucchetti pa ni nikoli prevzel poveljstva alpinov.

V letih 1872-78 in 1880-85 je bil predavatelj vojaške geografije na Višji vojni šoli v Torinu (Scuola superiore di guerra di Torino) ter v letih 1885-1888 je bil tutor vojvode Emanuela Savojskega. Leta 1888 je bil povišan v polkovnika in imenovan za načelnika štaba Armadnega korpusa v Anconi. Leta 1895 je bil povišan v brigadnega generala in leta 1900 v generalporočnika. Iz vojaške službe je bil upokojil leta 1904 zaradi visoke starosti.

17. marca 1912 ga je kralj imenoval za senatorja Kraljevine Italije.

Napredovanja
 stotnik: 1866
 major: 1877
 podpolkovnik: ?
 polkovnik: 1890
 brigadni general: 1895
 generalporočnik: 1900

Odlikovanja in priznanja
 red krone Italije:
 vitez reda krone Italije: 1878
 častnik reda krone Italije: 1885
 poveljnik reda krone Italije: 1893
 veliki častnik reda krone Italije: 1899
 velika ovratnica reda krone Italije: 1908
 red svetega Mavricija in Lazarja:
 vitez reda svetega Mavricija in Lazarja: 1883
 častnik reda svetega Mavricija in Lazarja: 1887
 poveljnik reda svetega Mavricija in Lazarja: 1902
 velika ovratnica reda svetega Mavricija in Lazarja: 1906

Leta 1898 je postal član Geografske družbe Italije.

Po njem se imenuje Punta Perrucchetti (4.020 m), drugi najvišji vrh Lombardije.

Viri in opombe

Glej tudi

 seznam italijanskih generalov
 seznam italijanskih politikov

Italijanski generali
Italijanski akademiki
Italijanski univerzitetni učitelji
Generali Kraljeve italijanske kopenske vojske
Veterani druge italijanske osamosvojitvene vojne
Veterani avstrijsko-pruske vojne
Predavatelji na Univerzi v Pavii
Italijanski geografi
Ljudje, po katerih so poimenovali goro
Nosilci reda krone Italije
Nosilci reda svetega Mavricija in Lazarja
Alpini
Senatorji 23. parlamenta Kraljevine Italije
Vojaški geografi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Indoor football arrives in Cedar Rapids
Indoor football arrives in Cedar Rapids Mar 2, 2012 16:25:35 GMT -5
Post by Banana Cat on Mar 2, 2012 16:25:35 GMT -5
thegazette.com/2012/03/01/ifl-footballs-land-of-hope-and-dreams/
Football's land of hope and dreams
HIAWATHA — There will be no former NFL players in the Cedar Rapids Ice Arena Saturday night, other than Tim Dwight, who will be there to sign autographs at halftime.
The Indoor Football League game between the Lehigh Valley Steelhawks and Cedar Rapids Titans is for the romantics, for the dreamers. It features men who live out of motels and work second jobs to keep their playing careers alive.
The Titans began their Wednesday practice on the indoor turf field of the Sport Zone at 11:15 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday's practices had the more "reasonable" start time of 10 p.m. It's when the facility was available.
A testy moment during last week's Omaha Beef-Cedar Rapids Titans exhibition game in C.R. (Liz Martin/The Gazette)
"This is almost a second job for a lot of these guys," said Titans Coach Kyle Moore-Brown. "I've got guys working for a janitorial service. One is training at Olive Garden. Some are substitute teachers.
"They work their jobs, then they come to me from 7 to 12 at night for meetings and practice."
Travis Miller is an offensive guard. He grew up in Philadelphia, and later moved to Stillwater, Minn. He played college football at North Dakota College of Science.
Miller tried out for the La Crosse Spartans a couple years ago, made the team, and Moore-Brown (who had been the Spartans' coach) invited Miller to join him in Cedar Rapids after the Spartans moved here after last season.
"I'm working for Per Mar Security right now during the day," he said.
That's wanting to play football. That's believing there's something better within reach, a spot in the higher-paying Arena Football League or, dare it be said, a shot at an NFL roster.
It's not a 100-to-1 shot. It's much less likely than that, really. But Coe College's Fred Jackson went from minor-league indoor football's Sioux City Bandits to start at running back for the Buffalo Bills, and if one guy can do it …
"I'm only 23 years old," Miller said. "Coach believes I have the talent to play at the next level as long as I keep working hard. He's never steered me wrong in the three years I've known him."
Moore-Brown, describes himself as an indoor football "lifer." After his college career ended at Kansas, he played for 15 years in the Arena Football League and set the league's record for consecutive starts.
Titans Coach Kyle Moore-Brown at a recent practice (Jim Slosiarek/The Gazette)
Once, Moore-Brown broke the thumb on his right hand while playing center. He switched to snapping with his left hand and never left the game.
After his playing days ended, he became an assistant coach for his brother, former Green Bay Packers star Gilbert Brown. Brown left the team in midseason last year, and Moore-Brown took over.
"I have a desire to help these young men get better," he said. "I played this game, and I'm proud of the time I did.
"There's an opportunity here to try to step up and go to the next level. That's every player's dream to do so. Coaches, also."
When Moore-Brown began his AFL career with the Albany Firebirds, his salary was $225 a week. That went up considerably as the league gained traction. But here in the IFL, with the Lehigh Valley team making a 1,934-mile round trip to Cedar Rapids via bus from Bethlehem, Pa., the weekly pay for players is in the $250-$500 range.
After Wednesday's practice, the players were handed meal coupons at a variety of Cedar Rapids restaurants. You didn't see any one refusing them or looking at them with disdain.
"I've got a large family back home that I take care of and support," Miller said after Tuesday night's practice, which ended after midnight.
Then he headed to his motel room to get some sleep. Wednesday was a work day/night.


Craft Brewers have come to rely on our expertise in the supply of grain and malt handling systems. We provide everything from receiving and storage to grinding it, weighing it and conveying it to the brewhouse. We also have a full offering of spent grain systems and silos to accommodate any need.
Our controls are very intuitive and allow the entire grain handling system to be run in either automatic mode or manual mode. Recipe control allows a recall of specific beer types and from there, you can let the system take over! Accurate feeding and weighing systems ensure each of your malts and adjuncts are correctly delivered to the roller mill, grist case or mash tun.
We provide malt room design and installation and offer a full line of malt silos, bulk bag unloading systems, bag dump stations, flexible conveyors, chain disc conveyors, roller mills, hammer mills, weighing and dosing systems, dust control systems, grist cases, spent grain pumps and spent grain silos.


text:
Gotham: Solomon Grundy Backstory & Comic Book Changes
by Rose Moore
in SR Originals
This week's Gotham was packed with big moments, as Bruce Wayne (David Mazouz) and Ra's Al Ghul (Alexander Siddig) finally got the showdown that they've been building to since last season began. Penguin (Robin Lord Taylor) is still trying to bring the last criminals of Gotham under his wing, Jim (Ben McKenzie) is still opposing him as hard as he possibly can, and Sofia (Crystal Reed) is doing all kinds of quiet manipulation of them both.
While all that's going on, there are some other criminals making changes this week. Barbara (Erin Richards) had to say goodbye to Ra's, and Riddler (Cory Michael Smith) is still struggling with his new, unimpressive, brain power. In addition, two characters made shocking returns in 'The Blade's Path'. Leslie Thompkins (Morena Baccarin) was revealed in the final moments of the episode (and is sure to make things very interesting in the rest of the season), but the biggest reveal of all was the return of Butch Gilzean/Cyrus Gold (Drew Powell)... as Solomon Grundy.
The Original Solomon
In the comics, Solomon Grundy isn't specifically a Batman villain, but a character who has gone up against multiple heroes over the years (as well as other villains, from time to time). Originally a young boy by the name of Cyrus Gold, Grundy had a horrifying upbringing and terrible life. He was beaten and abused by his drunk father, and abandoned by his mother. His father even went so far as to bury him alive to remind him that he wasn't 'worth the dirt over him'. When his father was killed in an accident on the docks, Cyrus watched as another worked laughed and tossed the man into the water, leaving Cyrus entirely alone.
After that, Cyrus struggled on his own, but eventually rose to power in the underworld. He became a gangster, and sought revenge on all the people who had hurt him and his family over the years. He murdered plenty of people, dumping them all in the swamp, but was eventually brought down when a mob came after him for all his evil deed. Rather than be killed by someone else, Cyrus killed himself, and fell backwards into the swamp with his victims.
This should have been the end of Cyrus Gold, but the chemicals in the lake (and the mystic power of The Grey) resurrected the gangster into a hulking brute. Emerging from the lake, he killed the first people he met, and then headed into the city. He was incredibly strong, but had no memory of who he was and a much simpler mind. All he knew was the day he was born, and when he told this to a couple of homeless guys, he was told about the old rhyme of Solomon Grundy, and took the name for his own.
Grundy isn't a villain who comes up with complex plots or who has any particular morality, but he is dangerous because of his rampages and utter lack of concern for the lives of others. Much of the time, he would like to simply be left alone, but he can also be motivated by self-preservation or vengeance. Super-strong and durable, Grundy cannot be truly killed, as he will always resurrect himself, and is one of the most physically powerful heroes in the DC universe. At times, he has also had the ability to revert to being Cyrus Gold, although he doesn't have control over these transformations.
Who Is Butch Gilzean?
Butch Gilzean was revealed to be Cyrus Gold at the end of Gotham's third season - when he was also shot in the head by Barbara Kean. Before that, however, Butch was assumed to be nothing more than a common gangster, one of the dozens that live in Gotham city. Little is known of his early life, although it's been established that he has never had it easy, and turned to a life of crime at a young age.
He started out working for Fish Mooney (Jada Pinkett-Smith), but became a henchman for Penguin after being brainwashed into it. Later, he had his brainwashing reversed and teamed up with Tabitha Galavan (Jessica Lucas), falling in love with her. After a short attempt at ruling the underworld of Gotham himself, Butch went back to working for Penguin. Eventually, he left Penguin and went into hiding with Tabitha, working with both her and Barbara, before Barbara turned on him and shot him in the head.
how is the new grundy different
Tags: gotham
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Padraig Cotter
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Nicholas Raymond
Westworld Season 3 Will Be Easier to Follow, Says Showrunner


The flag of the state of Wyoming consists of the silhouette of an American Bison. The red symbolizes the Native Americans and the blood of pioneers who gave their lives. The white is a symbol of purity and uprightness. The blue is the color of the skies and distant mountains. It is also a symbol of fidelity, justice and virility. The bison represents the local fauna while the seal on it symbolizes the custom of branding livestock.
In 1916 the Wyoming Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) ran a contest inviting the public to submit possible designs for a Wyoming flag. A prize of $20 was offered to the winner, and the DAR received a total of 37 entries. They chose a drawing by Verna Keays, a recent graduate of the Art Institute of Chicago. On January 31, 1917, Governor Robert D. Carey signed the state flag bill into law and the bison flag was officially adopted.
DAR regent Grace Raymond Hebard, a professor at the University of Wyoming and noted suffragist and scholar, contributed suggestions for changes after the design had been accepted. In Keays' original design, the one approved by Wyoming's legislature, the bison faces toward the fly, symbolizing its former freedom to roam the plains of Wyoming. Hebard thought that if the bison were to face toward the hoist, the design would be more balanced (animals generally face the hoist on flags, as they would the wind). In the end, all Wyoming flags from the first batch produced onward showed the bison facing the hoist, although this change was never officially adopted by the Wyoming legislature.
In 2001, a survey conducted by the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) placed Wyoming's flag 23rd in design quality out of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state, and U.S. territory flags ranked.


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