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Ms Lisa Tan
Solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales
Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore
E-mail: lisa.tan@centralchambers.com.sg
Mr. Ronnie Tan Siew Bin
Mr. Twang Kern Zern
Ms. Sara Liew
Ms. Sandra Lim Ching Ching
Ms Joyce Siew
Mr Mark Lam
Ms Simone B Chettiar
Mr Justin Low
Mr. Chan Fook Meng
Mr. Rajendran Kumaresan
Mr Ramasamy K Chettiar
Mr Brown Anthony Pereira
Lisa is a Senior Associate of the Practice with nearly 30 years of experience in legal practice. She obtained her Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from University of London, and Master of Laws (LLM) in Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. She was called as a Barrister to the Bar of England and Wales in July 1989 and admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of England in November 1992. In 1995, she was admitted as an advocate and solicitor in both the Supreme Court of Brunei Darussalam and the Supreme Court of Singapore.
Lisa practised as a solicitor with the firm of Messrs Laderman & Co. in London from 1990 to 1993. In 1994 she worked with the firm of Messrs Leong & Gay in Singapore. In 1995, Lisa relocated to Brunei Darussalam where she started her legal practice with Messrs D F Abang Zen and later joined Messrs Ahmad Isa & Partners. Lisa was with Messrs Ahmad Isa & Partners for 22 years.
Lisa has extensive experience in advising both local and international clients in the areas of international trade negotiations and financing, intellectual property rights, cross-border contracts, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, sale of businesses, corporate restructuring, securities and investment laws and the oil and gas industry.
Over the past years, Lisa has helmed the legal aspects of several landmark projects notably, the inception of the Brunei stock exchange, the modernisation of Brunei International Airport Terminal, the joint venture with the Ministry of Finance for the development and operation of the CAE Brunei Multi-Purpose Training Centre in Brunei Darussalam, the merger of two major Islamic insurance companies namely, Takaful Brunei Am Sdn Bhd and Takaful Keluarga Sdn Bhd and advising a consortium of financiers on the project to construct an integrated crude oil refinery and aromatics complex on Pulau Muara Besar Island in Brunei Darussalam.
Lisa was also the main counsel advising Nations Petroleum Brunei Limited, in their years of conducting oil and gas exploration activities in Brunei Darussalam.
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The year is 1878, and the setting is Paris, France. It's a place of privilege and comfort for the rich, but one of heartache and struggle for the poor. Upon the death of her father, a young girl is thrown from the comforts of middle-class life into the terror of homelessness on the streets of Paris. Without family or friends, she struggles to survive. Her journey takes her from charity houses to the grueling life of a laundress. When her plight becomes unbearable, she is enticed by the mistress of the most famous brothel in France to live in luxury and service her aristocratic clientele. She succumbs to a life of prostitution, and her virginity is sold to a handsome English Lord. His jaded character is tested when he meets his purchase and receives more than he bargained for in the price of her virginity.


A TV2 documentary series has led to the voluntary disbandment of a Sharia council and has caused the city of Aarhus to pull its support from a planned mega-mosque.
An Aarhus council consisting of leading members of Fredens Moske has been deciding whether Muslim couples can be divorced under Islamic law, the TV2 documentary series 'Moskeerne bag sløret' (Mosques behind the veil) revealed.
After the existence of the so-called 'Sharia council' came to light, members decided to voluntarily disband the council "out of respect for Danish values".
"The [Muslim] associations here have decided that it is important to combat all forms of parallel societies. That also means that the council that was here has broken itself up out of respect for Danish values," Rabih Azad-Ahmad, an Aarhus Municipality spokesman, told TV2.
The TV2 documentary series revealed that three members of the Sharia council told a woman that she could not divorce her husband even though she had been subjected to physical abuse. The clip was the latest in a long line of controversies to emerge from the series. Last week, hidden camera footage showed imams at the highly controversial Grimhøj Mosque saying that adulterers should be stoned and that children should be beaten for not praying.
The end to the Sharia council was not the only consequence of the documentary series.
Aarhus Mayor Jacob Bundsgaard announced on Sunday that the city has pulled its support from plans to build a new mega-mosque in Aarhus.
"Religious freedom is an important principle in Denmark. But with the things that have come to light, I have a hard time seeing this project going through. The trust is gone," he told TV2.
The newest episode of TV2's programme, 'Moskeerne bag sløret' (Mosques behind the veil), airs Tuesday night at 8.50pm.


Northwestern University Rotaractor Emily Chow wrote the following account of the club's international service trip to Peru last spring. For more information about the club's activities, District 6440 Rotarians are invited to visit the club's web site.
On August 15, 2007, central Peru suffered an earthquake that went down in history known as the Pisco Earthquake. Measuring in at a staggering magnitude of 8.0, the earthmover and the following four-meter tsunami caused extensive damage to the city of Pisco and the surrounding area, damaging more than 80 percent of the homes in Pisco and killing roughly 600 people.
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Three years later the city still stands in rubble. Muros de la vergüenza, walls of shame, hide evidence of the earthquake's damage, serving as a temporary fix but also acting as a constant reminder that the city is far from full recovery.
At the end of March, members of the Rotaract Club of Northwestern University decided to go to Peru for their fourth annual international service trip. "Planning the Northwestern Rotaract Club's 2010 spring beak international service trip really involved the entire Rotary network," international service co-chair Joshua Jund said.
During the search, the club's sponsor, the Rotary Club of Evanston Lighthouse, mentioned that Northwestern alumna Amanda Dixon was in Lima, Peru, on a Rotary Ambassadorial scholarship and suggested that the university-based club contact her about traveling to South America. Ecstatic about the opportunity to help out members of her alma mater, Dixon worked with 2009-2010 international service chairs Elisa Meggs and Jund to organize the nine-day trip with an itinerary filled with sightseeing, dinners with local Rotaract clubs, and days of volunteering at Pisco Sin Fronteras.
Pisco Sin Fronteras (PSF), a not-for-profit organization founded in 2008, aims to provide assistance in long-term recovery. Noticing that larger international organizations were pulling out after the first anniversary of the earthquake, local Peruvian Harold Zevallos Salas decided to establish PSF, pulling volunteers from all over the world to help improve the living conditions of families affected by the earthquake. Whether it is long-term or simply for one week, volunteers traveling through Peru stop in Pisco and help build houses, dig trenches, paint murals, work on schools ,and build sanitation units to beautify the city.
After a warm welcome in Lima, the students traveled south and were welcomed by the Rotaract Club of Pisco over a delicious meal and a formal Rotary meeting. While nights were filled with tours and cultural outings, a few Pisco Rotaracters who could take time off of work and schooling during the day joined the 13 Northwestern students on various PSF projects ranging from water sanitation to painting to helping at ludotecas.
One project that many students worked on during the week was the environment center and park. The tsunami that followed the earthquake destroyed the nine kilometers of coastal wetlands stretching across the Pisco Playa, home to an expansive ecological diversity. Debris piled up along the shores, and the community and government officials began moving rubble out from the center of the city and piling it along the coast.
In an effort to restore and beautify the area – to remind the community and tourists of the beauty of Pisco – local environmentalist Victor Ramos spearheaded a project with PSF that established a wildlife observation deck, an environmental interpretive center, hundreds of meters of trails and restoration. Northwestern Rotaract students worked with other volunteers to prepare the grounds for a volleyball court, painted a swing set, and helped design and build a play set to create a safe community space for local children.
Others traveled to El Molino to help dig trenches for latrines. A tiny desert community consisting of earthquake refugees, El Molino was home to many living in undesirable conditions in makeshift houses that, due to necessity, became permanent homes. Members Kelly Rincon, Elizabeth Kinsey, and Nicole Kravis, who graduated in 2010, volunteered to work in the Ludoteca Child Care Centre, a local daycare center that offers children in Alameda a safe and stimulating environment filled with games and other hands-on activities.
Everyone on the trip offered similar sentiments and had such a memorable experience in Peru that the efforts continued back on Northwestern's campus. Spring quarter, NU Rotaract held two joint events with proceeds going back to PSF. Evanston Lighthouse Rotarian Susan Smith co-hosted a backyard party and sidewalk sale for Rotarians, and students from the trip showcased their photography in a gallery at the Northwestern student center, collectively raising more than $1,100.
Looking ahead, the club plans to return to Peru again for this year's service trip, connect with the same Rotaract clubs in Lima and Peru, and work once again with PSF as they continue to restore central Peru and help those who still live in the earthquake's aftermath.
To learn more about our service trip, view Rotary International's short documentary, "Journey to Pisco" on Vimeo.


By monitoring the vibrations from critical components inside a hydraulic pump, fan, blower or compressor, companies can improve their plant efficiencies, eliminate production downtime and increase the operating life and reliability of plant equipment, says Ian Taylor of Corus Northern Engineering Services (CNES).Although the cost of a component inside a hydraulic pump, such as a rolling element bearing, rotor or fastener, is often very small compared to the total cost of the pump, the cost of production downtime and any consequential losses as a result of a component failure, are often significant.
maintenance becomes reactive, problems around the plant are dealt with as they occur, with no predictive maintenance systems, little preventive maintenance and possibly no maintenance strategy at all.
But there are numerous technology safeguards out there that, when compared to the cost of lost production, are relatively inexpensive. They use the latest condition monitoring technology and predictive maintenance systems, including acoustic emissions monitoring, vibration monitoring and thermography, to protect plant and machines.
According to Taylor, when it comes to monitoring the condition of pumps and other hydraulic systems, a number of techniques are available to the engineer. These can be used individually, or it may be necessary to use some or even all in combination to protect the company's valuable assets.
Vibration monitoring can identify a number of potential pump problems, including misalignment or coupling issues; mechanical looseness inside the pump or from the baseplate, including loose joints or fasteners, through to the condition monitoring of rolling element bearings; cavitation issues; erosion of rotors identified as imbalance.
Pumping of heavy, viscous fluids such as foodstuffs or sludge, for example, can cause damage to rotors, which in turn could result in the pump going out of balance. Similarly, any rotor deterioration caused by the pumping of corrosive liquids, can also lead to an out of balance pump. Wear of gear teeth on gear pumps can also be monitored effectively by vibration analysis systems.
Standby pumps can also be monitored using vibration monitoring techniques. For example, a maintenance team may decide to operate two identical pumps, side-by-side, one being duty, the other standby. However, to try to cut costs, companies often purchase pumps on a single, common bedplate. When the duty pump fails, simply switch to the standby pump, which is common practise in many industries. Well that is the concept.
However, what happens in reality is that the constant vibrations from the duty pump can cause bearing problems on the standby pump, referred to as 'false brinelling'. Once the standby is switched on, it very quickly fails, resulting in two pumps out of service. To prevent this occurring, the two pumps should be switched over regularly on an 80-20 or 70-30 duty/standby ratio.
For hydraulic systems that rotate at less than 80rpm and operate under fluctuating load conditions, or only move through a part revolution, it is more difficult to collect meaningful data from methods such as vibration monitoring. For this reason, CNES has developed its own, patented acoustic online condition monitoring system, Aquilla AE Pro.
Monitoring acoustic emissions is certainly not a new method of monitoring high capital plant and machinery. The technique has been around since the early 1990s, but, according to Taylor, more manufacturing companies should be using it. Acoustic emissions are the high frequency stress waves generated by the rapid release of strain energy that occurs within a material during crack growth, plastic deformation or phase transformation. Acoustic emission monitoring systems use surface-mounted transducers to detect these stress waves, which lie within the 25kHz to 1MHz frequency range.
Correct selection of lubricant or hydraulic fluid can also significantly reduce component wear and associated energy costs. Effectiveness of current lubricants can be determined by analysing the level of degradation and debris present. This facilitates correct lubricant selection and oil change periods.
CNES' Fluid Power Technology division has years of experience in designing and operating hydraulic systems, often for harsh environments, which means the company can offer advice and guidance in most areas of Fluid Power technology. Around 75 per cent of all hydraulic system failures are due to contamination, which highlights the need for regular fluid analysis. CNES can monitor the condition of the fluid to enable the system to be maintained to its optimum level, ensuring a longer life of system components at minimum cost.
CNES also has experience in developing systems to suit water-based fluids where there is a high risk of fire. This also includes servo systems.


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Current: Faculty news, Fall 2017
Faculty news, Fall 2017
Posted on March 19, 2018 March 19, 2018 by Adrienne Fama
Stephen Fitzmaurice, assistant professor of ASL, published "Best Practices for Educational Interpreters in South Carolina," a technical assistance resource for the South Carolina Department of Education Office of Special Education Services. He was also featured in the Member Spotlight of the national Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf.
Alma García-Rodríguez, lecturer of Spanish, received her Ph.D. in Spanish literature from the University of Florida. Her dissertation focused on the representation of the city in six novels from the Hispanic Caribbean: Santo Domingo, La Habana and San Juan. She took a Neo-Baroque perspective to study these cities as elements that stand against an established order and authority in order to create a new identity that governs itself. She plans to continue researching Caribbean literature.
Daniel Holcombe, lecturer of Spanish, published the essay "Salvador Dali's Everyman: Renaissance and Baroque Classicism in 'Don Quixote and the Windmills (1946)'" in Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America. Here he traced Dali's classical trajectory through art historical analyses of the third watercolor illustration from the artist's first illustrated edition of "Don Quixote." He also published "Salvador Dalí's "Don Quixote: High Art or Kitsch?" in Laberinto Journal. He was recently named an editor of this online peer-reviewed journal published by the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. His article in Laberinto defines Dalí's role as an illustrator of the 1946 text. It also reveals how Dalí achieved what critics have deemed impossible: the rendering of both fantasy and reality in the same pictorial composition. Holcombe presented related research at the South Atlantic Modern Language Association conference in Atlanta in November 2017. He also published a book chapter, "Marco Berger: Homoaffective Edging and Cinematic Queered Continuums," in Intimate Relationships in Cinema, Literature, and Visual Culture, edited by Gilad Padva and Nurit Buchweitz for Palgrave Macmillan. In the chapter, Holcombe combines queer theory with Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytical theory l'objet petit a to analyze the spectator gaze and cinematic techniques in two films by Argentinian director Marco Berger.
Jason Hurdich, lecturer of ASL, was named the Marie Griffin Interpreter of the Year. The award, given by the Southeast Regional Institute on Deafness, recognizes his outstanding service to the deaf, hard of hearing and deaf-blind communities of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee and the Carolinas. Read more about his award here.
Salvador Oropesa, professor of Spanish and Department Chair, published the article "'El Quijote' en la trilogía de la frontera de Cormac McCarthy: Neobarroco del Southwest" in the Colombia-based journal Lingüística y Literatura 72 (2017): pp. 135-55. In his abstract, Oropesa said: "We read Cormac McCarthy as a novelist of the Baroque of the Southwest paying special attention to syntax, vocabulary, and intertextuality. The bulk of the critical attention on McCarthy is anglocentric. We cover the influence of Spanish literature, mainly Cervantes, in the Border Trilogy." He also presented the paper "La Trilogía del Baztán de Dolores Redondo como guía de liderazgo en el contexto de la novela policiaca contemporánea española" at the XXVII annual congress of the International Association of Female Hispanic Literature and Culture November 8 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Kelly Peebles, associate professor of French, published the article "The Head, the Heart, and Hysteria in Jeanne Flore's 'Tales and Trials of Love' (c. 1542)" in the Journal of Medical Humanities. She presented the paper "Mothering in the Shadow of the Crown: Royal cousins, religious refugees, and the nurturing influence of Renée de France" at the Royal Studies Network's Kings & Queens 6 conference, which was held in Madrid, Spain, September 12-15.
Graciela Tissera, associate professor of Spanish, presented her research on armed conflicts and historical memory in film, "Paco Cabezas y Gilles Paquet-Brenner: intersecciones de la memoria histórica en el cine," at the IX Congreso de Análisis Textual Trama y Fondo (University of Valladolid, Spain) in October. Tissera also attended the II Congreso Internacional Figuraciones de lo Insólito en las Literaturas Española e Hispanoamericana organized by the University of León, Spain in October to present her research paper "Jorge Luis Borges y David Roas: percepciones de múltiples universos y seres soñados." The research focused on the perception of time, space, and personal identity related to supernatural dreams and idealist philosophy in the fiction of Borges and Roas.
Eric Touya, associate professor of French, gave the lecture "Make Civil Rights and the Humanities Happen at Your Library" on October 12 at the 2017 South Carolina Library Association Conference in Columbia. He also read the paper "Humanizing Economics: Pedagogical Approaches to Transforming the Homo Economicus" at the 32nd Annual Interdisciplinary Conference in the Humanities held October 27 at the University of West Georgia in Carrollton.
Posted in Academics, College of Architecture Arts and Humanities, Faculty, Faculty NewsTagged Faculty, Languages
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Q: What is the name for this error metric? I am following a paper that says that a generalized learning method is optimized by minimizing a regularized error metric:
$$
H(f_\mathcal{G}) = (1-\lambda)||y_i-f_\mathcal{G}(\mathbf{x_i})||^2 + \lambda J(f_\mathcal{G}),
$$
Where the regularization function $J(f_\mathcal{G})$ is a term which penalizes the higher derivatives of $f_\mathcal{G}$ and $\lambda$ is the regularization constant bounded by $0<=\lambda<1$.
I am new to machine learning, so I am trying to understand where this formula comes from. For me, this looks like Tikhonov regularization however it includes a $(1-\lambda)$ term in front of the squared error. In addition, in Tikhonov regularization, $\lambda$ is only bounded by $>0$ (as far as I am aware). Is there a name for this regularization? I can't find it anywhere online. Why does there need to be a $(1-\lambda)$ term in front of the squared error?
In addition, the paper doesn't state what the $J(f_\mathcal{G})$ term could be. Is there a standard function for this term?

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Royalton Recorder marks 75 years of documenting life in North Royalton (Years 1968 – 1970)
Royalton Recorder Royalton Recorder marks 75 years of documenting life in North Royalton (Years 1968 – 1970)
In 1968, North Royalton was still a farm based community. The January 11 Recorder reported that Royal Ridge Poultry Farm, 14638 Ridge Road, added a Frozen Egg Division. Three trucks from Royal Ridge collected eggs from 20 surrounding farms for preparation and sale. Extra eggs would be pasteurized, frozen, then sold to bakeries, egg nog makers, and other businesses.
Agriculture is not even a second thought today. Royalton Farms, an orchard on State Road, produces apples available from late August until sold out. Grace Brothers Nursery, Ridge Road, offers farm produce shares through a Community Sustainable Agriculture program; fresh organic brown eggs are available.
February notes that U.S.N. Engineman 2nd class, Michael Dolezal, was awarded the Bronze Star for bravery under fire in rescue of several seriously wounded soldiers during the Mekong Delta River Assault.
Lester Edgerton was mayor for thirty eight of North Royalton's 150 years. The recently retired mayor was feted at a dinner in his honor on March 23. The new mayor, Leonard Hlavin, greeted all those in attendance. Mr. Louis Seltzer, chief of the Cleveland Press, was the main speaker. Mayor Edgerton had the distinction of being the longest serving mayor in the U.S. at that time.
The 84th annual homecoming was a great success. People were encouraged to dress in clothing styled from the 1800s. In contrast to the 19th century garb, NASA displayed a 20th century Centaur Rocket. The upper stage launch vehicle was 42 feet long and 10 feet in diameter. The Recorder said it would be a, "thrill for the 'younger set'," and everyone else to be sure.
The advertising for Gene's North Royalton Hardware's grand opening on July 11 was bigger than the Recorder. Eight full pages advertised dozens of items on sale at the 10,000 sq. ft. store with a 200-space parking lot.
The August Sesquicentennial (1818 – 1968) went off without a hitch. Celebrations included: a parade with bands, baton twirlers, and costumed participants riding vintage conveyances; a dance, baking contests, an auction that included a log cabin towed, for free, to any place in North Royalton, a promenade around the green, a heritage home tour, and a 'White Elephant Emporium,' sponsored by the PTA.
In October the Recorder noted that Rose Tylicki was the only girl in her 1949 Western Reserve University, School of Pharmacy graduating class. Rose, a registered pharmacist at Rauschkolb-Dyke drug store, was a true pioneer in the world of work for women "on the job."
In November Royalton got its first and only coin-op dry cleaning and laundry. Open daily from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m., anyone could do all the family's dry cleaning and the laundry at one time; an attendant was there to help.
The year wound down with Christmas Greetings from all the churches, schools, businesses, city council members, the mayor(s), and many folks who lived and worked in North Royalton. A Christmas Dance was held at the high school with Lou "King" Kirby, from WIXY 1260 as MC for a live band.
North Royalton's Bicentennial is two years away. Check your closets now for 20th Century vintage clothing that will include ten decades of styles; everything from flapper dresses to go-go boots, WWI and II uniforms and styles, 50s, 60s, 70s, and the awful 80s.
The Chamber of Commerce tried for years to transfer title of Memorial Park to the City. In February 1969, the city and school board agreed to use the land for educational purposes and recreation.
Back to the Front: Broadcast Specialist 5 Len Anthony Archdeacon, correspondent for American Armed Forces Radio, Saigon, was due for discharge by the end of March, 1969. Archdeacon had toured with the Bob Hope Show in 1968. Don T. Ebersole, Medic, 9th Division, was awarded the Silver Star for bravery. Don risked his own life and saved three men in his platoon. Don was attached to the Riverene Forces Mekong Delta.
Honored for their work in North Royalton, the Kiwanis were notified that they were the Best of the Best of the 2963 Kiwanis organizations world-wide, for 1968. They sponsored the after prom, "continuing an evening of Jade." The after prom party included swimming, dancing, games, Chinese dragons and a Chinese Buffet at the Southwest Y. The Kiwanis know how to throw a party.
Mrs. George House and her daughter traveled from Riverdale, Michigan, to donate a family heirloom to North Royalton. The heirloom was the 1859 – 1860 journal of John D. Stewart, a deaf mute who lived in North Royalton. In his journal he wrote, "Today I have attained my majority (21st birthday); tomorrow will be our township fair. (Farmers' picnic)," Mr. Stewart wrote with an elegant hand and an eloquent voice; prose, poetry and prayers for his day.
In August, and new company, Data Dynamics, set down roots in North Royalton. Data Dynamics did payroll, accounting, distribution and cost, and profit and loss statements for contracting companies. Data Dynamics used the Univac 9200 Key Punch card system. The computer languages used to write programs for the data system were COBOL and FORTRAN. The computers were the sizes of small walk in closets and did 1/50th of the work done by an android or iPhone.
Spectro Equipment, 6021 Royalton Road, had a substantial contribution to the July moon landing. Spectro Equipment constructed an 80-thousand Multifocus Defraction Unit. The x-ray machine was installed at the United States Geological Survey headquarters in Washington D.C.; the unit will analyze moon rock samples from Neil Armstrong's walk. The work should put to rest any nonsense about the moon walk as a hoax.
The Sesquicentennial was history but the time capsule buried, September 23, in front of the G.A.R. memorial on Royalton Road was the current news. The capsule, a burial urn, contained mementoes from the celebration: a commentary on fashions, a Recorder from August 15, Cleveland Press from August 10, and the Moon Landing issue of the Cleveland Plain Dealer July 29, and the Recorder from August 7, with the story about the Spectro Equipment.
Former Mayor, Lester Edgerton, died on October 28, after a short illness. Lester Edgerton (1892 – 1969) served as mayor for 38 years. He is interred at North Royalton Cemetery.
Growth is the key word. Chamber members, council members, builders and local bankers all looked forward to a growing prosperity for North Royalton in the 1970s. One of the mortgage bankers suggested that Royalton take another look at the 100' x 200' lot size and suggested it be made smaller, more like a Parma. The people decided; the current lot size is just fine.
April 13, 1970, all eyes were to the skies. Fifty-five hours and 46 minutes into their flight, Astronaut James Lovell, native of Parma and commander of lunar exploration expedition, reported to Johnston Space Center, "Houston, we have a problem." During the next four days the entire world watched and prayed as three astronauts, 200,000 miles from earth worked with engineers in Houston to bring that mission home. After five days, twenty-two hours and fifty-five minutes, the crew of Apollo 13 successfully splashed in the Pacific Ocean and was picked up by the USS Iwo Jima, April 17.
The voters were begged to renew a 12.4 mil levy for the schools and add a 9.8 mil for increased operating costs. The Royalton Schools were in such dire straits that there would be no Graduation class of 1971 because the schools would not be open until the fall of 1971. Everyone would have to repeat the present grade. The Chamber of Commerce, school board and businesses alike stated that home values will go down without viable schools. A bit of good news; in the spring competition, the sixty-one member Junior High School Band took top honors in The Ohio Music Education Association sponsored band competition.
The St. Thomas Woods Subdivision was under construction. The average new home cost in 1970 was usually between twenty three and twenty five thousand dollars. Mortgage rates were a solid 8.5% with 20% down. Monthly mortgage payments were around $200. Most mortgages were done by savings and loans like, Third Federal, Citizens Federal, and United Savings and Loan. All these banks were called "Thrifts." Banks like, Chase Manhattan, Union Commerce, and Society National Bank handled large corporate accounts.
Plans for a new South Central Vocational Education District building were unveiled. The New Building would be on the east side of Brecksville Road near Wallings Road. It is currently known as Cuyahoga Valley Career Center offering classes for high school and adult vocational programs.
The May school levies were passed. In June test results for NR kindergarten program showed that 69% of the children attending kindergarten ranked excellent in reading readiness. Mark Bissell, school psychologist reported, "These special programs have been a good investment of time, money and effort."
The 1970-71 school year kicked off to a good start for 3,254 plus students. Royalton Music Center offered trial instruments for band for $1 per week.
In October the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools found E. E. Root High School meeting the bare minimum standards. A sorry lack of facilities and equipment existed; over 1400 students attended a school that was intended to support barely 950 students. The accrediting association noted the teachers and students were doing a good job despite trying circumstances. A new high school would be needed. North Royalton was no longer a farming community.
September 24 Recorder Reconnaissance reported the addresses of 97 service men, 23 discharges and the note that holiday parcels should be in the mail by November 7.
St. Paul's Greek Orthodox Church and Hellenic Center was officially dedicated Sunday, October 25. Come, enjoy; St. Paul's Greek festival every July. Opa!
The year ended with the Apricot Message Net, public service minded amateur (HAM) radio operators offered to send holiday greetings to service men and women stationed all over the world. The deadline for submitting greetings was December 20.
Looking back, the more things change; the more they remain the same.
By LINDA KWARCIANY
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Vin Quotes
Qui sait déguster ne boit plus jamais de vin, mais goûte des secrets
— Salvador Dali
Unusual Vin quotations
Vin Diesel had to hire a babysitter.
— Vin Diesel
There has to be a balance, Vin," Elend said.
"Somehow, we'll find it. The balance between whom we wish to be and whom we need to be." He sighed. "But for now," he said, nodding to the side, "we simply have to be satisfied with who we are.
— Brandon Sanderson
He was so good with the kids on the set.
He just knew exactly how to handle them. The baby would cry and Vin would hold him and do all these weird sounds and the baby would stop crying. It was really cute.
— Brittany Snow
Filmmaking is such a collaborative piece of art that you can't look to one person - you couldn't look to me, you couldn't say, 'Because Vin's in it, it's this or that...' It's really all of us coming together for that period of time to try and make magic.
Well, then," he said. "Let's do it." "What?" Vin asked. "Save the world." Elend said. "Stop the ash.
I haven't been with Vin for many years - is it 2004 now?
— Summer Altice
Vin Diesel is the best kisser in the world, better than anyone else I've ever had. The most attractive thing about Vin is his brain. That's his most attractive muscle.
— Asia Argento
I didn't really work with Vin on it except we talked about it a little bit.
I think it was kind of cool because we didn't think it was going to be that emotional. I don't think Vin knew I was going to be that emotional.
I think it's only through learning, and doing something uncomfortable, that you can actually change. That's why I wanted to do a play. I was so scared of it and I knew my brain would really be stretched and it was going to be hard. And it was hard and uncomfortable. Instead of naturally wanting to avoid all those feelings I need to lean toward them more. But saying that, don't ask me to make a lasagna or a Coq au vin.
— Rose Byrne
The first time I played against Seattle was the only time I felt destroyed.
Vin Baker just manhandled me. The whole thing, their double teams, their movement, everything.
— Tim Duncan
When I'm writing, I'm locking myself in a room.
I'm the worst critic in the world. I write something and then I beat myself up. I'm like "Vin, you're retarded, that makes no sense."
Imagine having "no chain of titles for cars, no VIN numbers, and no DMV.
There'd be total chaos! But that's basically the system for debt.
— Jake Halpern
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Proving that the best villains have the charisma of a hero, (Jason) Statham makes a strong impression, supplying the kind of menace that permeates the movie even when he's not on screen. His fight with (Dwayne) Johnson doesn't have the bang you'd expect from a The Transporter versus The Rock match-up, but the climactic Statham-(Vin)Diesel battle more than delivers.
— Alonso Duralde
Vin Scully has been my broadcasting idol for a long time.
He is so humble - he has the exact same work ethic that he had 65 years ago. His family is what he cares about the most, and at the heart of his whole being is his marriage and kids.
— Hannah Storm
Writers will see your work and want to try you in different things but I think you have to stay true to your vehicle. We all have a vehicle. Whether it's a thug, or a school child or the babyface or the sex siren or the video vin, whatever it is ride that until the wheels fall off and eventually, if you build your foundation then you can branch off.
— Michael K. Williams
A good writer must have more than vin rosé in his veins, use more than Chablis for ink.
— Edward Abbey
You know what is good about these Dixie Chicks burnings or bashings? It's a wonderful, wonderful way for really stupid people to hook up. They meet, they throw some things on the fire, they talk about Vin Diesel, they tell stories about who their favorite Fox anchor is, they exchange phone numbers and in some cases has led to marriages.
— Janeane Garofalo
Jesus is a powerful guy in Hollywood. Not quite as powerful as Vin Diesel, but powerful.
— Christian Finnegan
Every action we take has consequences, Vin," Kelsier said.
"I've found that in both Allomancy and life, the person who can best judge the consequences of their actions will be the most successful.
You said their prayer - is this the religion you believe in, then?" "I believe in them all." Vin frowned. "None of them contradict each other?" Sazed smiled. "Oh, often and frequently they do. But, I respect the truths behind them all.
What would you think if I told you that I wasn't an Allomancer?" Sazed asked. "I'd think that you were lying," Vin said. "Have you known me to lie before?" "The best liars are those who tell the truth most of the time.
That's the funny thing about arriving somewhere, Vin," he said with a wink.
"Once you're there, the only thing you can really do is leave again.
The collision was impending and electric, but the moment was soft and sweet: She positively glowed as she looked up at him. "What," she whispered, palming his face. Vin took a moment to memorize her features and the way she felt beneath him, seeing her not just through his eyes, but feeling her with his skin and his heart. "Hello, lovely lady...hello.
— J.R. Ward
And Vin liked solitude. When you're alone, no one can betray you
You guys are related to Jonah Wizard?" Jake asked, his lip curled disdainfully.
"And the other guy," Dan grumbled. "Vin Diesel's stunt double.
— Peter Lerangis
Kelsier smiled. 'It means that you, Vin, are a very special person. You have a power that most high noblemen envy. It is a power that, had you been born an aristocrat, would have made you one of the most deadly and influential people in all of the final empire.' Kelsier leaned forward again. 'But, you weren't born an aristocrat. You're not noble, Vin. You don't have to play by their rules--and that makes you even more powerful.
Vin: I don't know -- and it's all your fault, you know.
I used to understand everything. Now it's all confused. Kelsier: Yes, we've messed you up right properly.
anyone know where Kell is?" "Sleeping," Vin said.
"He came in late last night, and hasn't gotten up yet." Ham grunted, taking a bite of baywrap. "Dox?" "In his room on the third floor," Vin said. "He got up early, came down to get something to eat, and went back upstairs." ... Ham raised an eyebrow. "You always keep track of where everyone is like that?" "Yes.
What kind of woman is still able to trust people after everything she's been through? If she'd been Vin, she would have stabbed him in the back at the first opportunity, and that would have probably been the right thing to do. Yet, this girl just continued to trust. It was like finding a beautiful plant growing alone in a field of burnt ash.
I don't have much time for stories," Vin said.
"Seems that fewer and fewer people do, these days." A canopy kept off the ash, but he seemed unconcerned about the mists. "It makes me wonder what is so alluring about the real world that gives them all such a fetish for it. It's not a very nice place these days.
Elend started. "Vin!" Then, he smiled. "What took you so long?" "I got delayed by an Inquistor and a dark god," she said. "Now hustle.
Vin shook her head. "No, not me. I'm not a good person or a bad person. I'm just here to kill things." OreSeur watched her for a moment, then settled back down. "Regardless," he said, "you are not my worst master. That is, perhaps, a compliment among our people.
Vin snorted, kneeling in the low tent as she pulled her belt tight;
then she crawled over to him. "I don't know how you read while riding," she said. "Oh, it's quite easy - if you aren't afraid of horses." "I'm not afraid of them," Vin said. "They just don't like me. They know I can outrun them, and that makes them surly.
Belief?" "Yes," Sazed said. "Tell me, Mistress. What is it that you believe?" Vin frowned. "What kind of question is that?" "The most important kind, I think.
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U.S. Cannabis Spot Index September 4, 2020
Home > U.S Cannabis Spot Index Reports > U.S. Cannabis Spot Index – September 4, 2020
U.S. Cannabis Spot Index down 0.2% to $1,544 per pound.
The simple average (non-volume weighted) price increased $36 to $1,798 per pound, with 68% of transactions (one standard deviation) in the $985 to $2,611 per pound range. The average reported deal size increased to 2.3 pounds. In grams, the Spot price was $3.40 and the simple average price was $3.96.
The relative frequency of trades for outdoor flower decreased by over 3% this week. The relative frequencies of transactions for indoor and greenhouse product increased by about 2% and 1%, respectively.
The relative volume of warehouse product contracted by 2%. The relative volume of greenhouse flower expanded by the same proportion, while that for outdoor product was unchanged.
After falling to its current year-to-date low of $1,322 per pound in late May, the U.S. Spot Index rose by 17% over the roughly three months from that point to the final week of August. The first official August sales figures from a sizable legal cannabis market were released this week by Massachusetts, which showed revenue in the state's adult-use sector reaching a new record high for the second straight month. Meanwhile, newly-published June sales from Nevada officials show total retail revenue returning to pre-COVID levels, despite tourism to Las Vegas remaining extremely depressed relative to prior to the pandemic.
These early signs suggest that August sales in other state markets may have continued to set records, or at least remain elevated with only small declines. August is typically one of, if not the strongest sales month of the year, particularly in adult-use systems. However, with unprecedented sales since the spring, in addition to the expiration of expanded unemployment benefits for millions of Americans at the end of July, there were questions as to whether the outsized demand that has marked the April through July period would hold. The upcoming Labor Day weekend is also typically a strong sales occasion for legal cannabis retailers.
While the fall outdoor crop will begin to be harvested in the coming weeks and months, last year's data indicates that immediate price declines may not be in the cards even with the production of significant new supply. In 2019, the U.S. Spot rose through most of Q3 to reach its annual peak in mid-November.
March 2021 Forward initially assessed at $1,385 per pound.
The average reported forward deal size was 28 pounds. The proportions of forward deals for outdoor, greenhouse, and indoor-grown flower were 39%, 34%, and 27% of forward arrangements, respectively. The average forward deal sizes for monthly delivery for outdoor, greenhouse, and indoor-grown flower were 30 pounds, 25 pounds, and 30 pounds, respectively.
At $1,435 per pound, the October Forward represents a discount of 7.1% relative to the current U.S. Spot Price of $1,544 per pound. The premium or discount for each Forward price, relative to the U.S. Spot Index, is illustrated in the table below.
Nevada Marijuana Sales Begin to Rebound Despite Lack of Tourists
Retail Cannabis Sales in Canada Exceed C$200 Million in June
HEMP MARKET INSIDER
Delta-8 THC: The 'Next Big Thing' or a Dead End for the Hemp Industry?
August 2020 Hemp Spot Price Index Report
Headlines from this week's Premium Report:
Tax Collections from Santa Barbara County Cultivators Spike as Strong Retail Demand Inflates Producer Sales and More Growers Come Online
June Sales Rise to Pre-COVID Levels Even as Las Vegas Tourism Remains Significantly Lower than Normal
August Adult-Use Sales Approach $79 Million, Setting a New Record for the Second Straight Month
Medical Cannabis Sales Subside by 5% in August After Setting Record in July
Guidance from Regulators Details How Plants to Supply Adult-Use Market May Be Transferred from Medical System


I grew up in South Florida, but I had the opportunity to live in Atlanta for the first time while attending college at Emory. After traveling to Connecticut and Pennsylvania during my training, my family and I moved to South Carolina where I was in private practice for 20 years.
Most of those years were spent living on a small farm. It was a great place to raise our children and we learned some invaluable lessons there. We have three sons and also a daughter who passed away at a young age.
My training took place in a setting much like Kaiser Permanente, but I quickly found that private practice was sometimes more about the business of medicine than it was the business of helping take care of people. I had been waiting for the opportunity to arise when I could practice medicine in a way that made more sense to me. Here at Kaiser Permanente, I feel there is as much a focus on being healthy as there is on treating illness.
I like my practice because I am able to see a wide range of patients from children to adults. My philosophy is that I want to treat people just as I would my family or friends. I have had the pleasure to meet people from many different backgrounds and have found most people have an interesting story to tell.
I have always enjoyed running and feel it is a great way for me to keep active both physically and mentally. My family even helped me celebrate my 50th birthday by completing a 50-mile ultra-marathon in Montana, which was quite an experience. My other hobbies include sailing, astronomy, playing keyboard/guitar and homebrewing.


If you don't know yet, my design blog is managed with WordPress. In the past, I have used tons of widgets and plugins. Now that I've managed to cut nearly half of them out, I'd like to share the essential plugins I still use.
Some of them are used only on occasion. There's no specific order. I actually copied this straight out of my dashboard.
Out-of-the-box SEO for your WordPress blog.
Automatically generate the Post Thumbnail (Featured Thumbnail) from the first image in post (or any custom post type) only if Post Thumbnail is not set manually.
Lazy image loading makes your site load faster and saves bandwidth.
Checks your blog for broken links and missing images and notifies you on the dashboard if any are found.
Defensio is an advanced spam filtering web service that learns and adapts to your behaviors as well to those of your readers and commenters. To use this plugin, you need to obtain a free API Key. Tell the world how many spam Defensio caught!
The Disqus comment system replaces your WordPress comment system with your comments hosted and powered by Disqus. Head over to the Comments admin page to set up your DISQUS Comment System.
This plugin will generate a special XML sitemap which will help search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing and Ask.com to better index your blog.
Show related posts with thumb image after Posts. Ajax Base Admin options. Options for dynamic height and width of Thumb.
Bring the power of the WordPress.com cloud to your self-hosted WordPress. Jetpack enables you to connect your blog to a WordPress.com account to use the powerful features normally only available to WordPress.com users.
Lightbox Plus implements ColorBox as a lightbox image overlay tool for WordPress. ColorBox was created by Jack Moore of Color Powered and is licensed under the MIT License.
Add multiple galleries per post using simple checkboxes for selecting images you want to include.
Really Simple CAPTCHA is a CAPTCHA module intended to be called from other plugins. It is originally created for my Contact Form 7 plugin.
Allows you to regenerate all thumbnails after changing the thumbnail sizes.
Very fast caching plugin for WordPress.
Most of these plugins have been essential to my blog's functionality for quite some time. I'm always open to new plugins that will benefit my site. What else do you recommend?


Corns don't really come in leucistic currently, unfortunately, but there are several rat snake species that do. But we do have snows and blizzards.
Most breeders will be neck deep in hatchlings around June and July.


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Ryan Day Expects Ohio State's Quarterback Competition to Continue into the Summer
By Dan Hope on April 13, 2019 at 3:34 pm @dan_hope
Ohio State's spring football season is over, but its quarterback competition is not.
Ryan Day said after Ohio State's spring game on Saturday that he expects the competition between Justin Fields and Matthew Baldwin to continue into preseason camp.
"I don't think right now that we're going to make a decision on that," Day said. "I think it'll continue through the preseason."
Day noted that the Buckeyes have only three scholarship quarterbacks, with Chris Chugunov in line to be the third-string quarterback while walk-on Danny Vanatsky is the only other quarterback on the roster, so they all need to be ready to play. As such, Day wants to see all of his quarterbacks grow over the course of the summer moving into the fall.
"They're probably all going to have to play in one way, shape or form along the way," Day said. "So they'll keep pulling for each other and as long as that room gets strong, that's the key."
Last year, Urban Meyer named Dwayne Haskins as Ohio State's starting quarterback following the conclusion of the spring, in which he battled Joe Burrow and Tate Martell for the job. That was a different situation, however, as Meyer felt as though he owed it to Burrow – who ended up starting at LSU last season as a graduate transfer – to give him an answer.
Fields completed just 4-of-13 passing attempts for 131 yards and a touchdown on Saturday – with most of those yards coming on a 98-yard touchdown – while he also ran the ball eight times for 38 yards and a touchdown. Baldwin completed 20-of-36 passes for 246 yards and two touchdowns, but he also threw two interceptions.
Overall, Day said he felt as though "both of them had positive days."
"I think that they both did a good job today," Day said. "They both flashed at times. Still a work in progress. We still got work to do. But I thought that they gave some of the receivers a chance. Some of it's hard, when you're not in the tackle situation; is it a sack, is it not? Do we break out? And Justin, he can kind of create on the edge a little bit, so didn't get a chance to see that as much. I thought Matthew made a couple really nice throws down the field."


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Q: Conversion failed when converting the nvarchar value '6,7' to data type int I have a table in SQL Server 2008 R2 with a column of type NVARCHAR that stores list of transactions, comma separated, eg 6,4,1
Question is: I want to do an IN clause that refers to the content of that column, say
SELECT *
FROM myTransactions t
INNER JOIN pCollections pc ON pc.transc = t.transc
WHERE t.idnt IN (pc.fields)

The column pc.fields stores content like '6,7'. Instead I get the error

Conversion failed when converting the nvarchar value '6,7' to data type int.

Anyone know a workaround?

A: Sounds like you need a parser.  The TVF below is much faster than the recursive cte approach.  Can be used in the WHERE or even within a CROSS APPLY
For Example (notice the return sequence RetSeq if that needs to be leveraged)
Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse-8K]('6,7,4',',')

Returns
RetSeq  RetVal
1       6
2       7
3       4

The UDF if needed
CREAT FUNCTION [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse-8K] (@String varchar(max),@Delimiter varchar(10))
Returns Table
As
Return (
    with   cte1(N)   As (Select 1 From (Values(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) N(N)),
           cte2(N)   As (Select Top (IsNull(DataLength(@String),0)) Row_Number() over (Order By (Select NULL)) From (Select N=1 From cte1 a,cte1 b,cte1 c,cte1 d) A ),
           cte3(N)   As (Select 1 Union All Select t.N+DataLength(@Delimiter) From cte2 t Where Substring(@String,t.N,DataLength(@Delimiter)) = @Delimiter),
           cte4(N,L) As (Select S.N,IsNull(NullIf(CharIndex(@Delimiter,@String,s.N),0)-S.N,8000) From cte3 S)

    Select RetSeq = Row_Number() over (Order By A.N)
          ,RetVal = Substring(@String, A.N, A.L)
    From   cte4 A
);
--Much faster than str-Parse, but limited to 8K
--Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse-8K]('Dog,Cat,House,Car',',')
--Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse-8K]('John||Cappelletti||was||here','||')

A second option if you ever need to parse varchar(max).  Only a smidge slower than the -8K version
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse] (@String varchar(max),@Delimiter varchar(10))
Returns Table
As
Return (
    Select RetSeq = Row_Number() over (Order By (Select null))
          ,RetVal = LTrim(RTrim(B.i.value('(./text())[1]', 'varchar(max)')))
    From (Select x = Cast('<x>'+ Replace(@String,@Delimiter,'</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml).query('.')) as A
    Cross Apply x.nodes('x') AS B(i)
);
--Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('Dog,Cat,House,Car',',')
--Select * from [dbo].[udf-Str-Parse]('John Cappelletti was here',' ')

A: You will need to use a CSV string parsing function. And use it to parse the string '6,7' and return as a result. There are lots of those available, just search for it
after that, change your query the WHERE clause to something like
WHERE t.idnt IN (SELECT value FROM dbo.csv_parse_function(pc.fields))

A: Simply you can use like operator.
SELECT * FROM myTransactions t
INNER JOIN pCollections pc ON pc.transc = t.transc
WHERE ','+ pc.fields +',' like '%,'+cast(t.idnt as nvarchar(max)) + ',%'

I think this will helps you


The South African Atlas-Denel Oryx multirole helicopter became a local development of the original French Aerospatiale Puma series.
Unless otherwise noted the presented statistics below pertain to the Denel Oryx model. Common measurements, and their respective conversions, are shown when possible.
ENGINE: 2 x Turbomeca Makila IA1 turboshaft engines developing 1,900 horsepower each while driving four-bladed main rotor and five-bladed tail rotor.
2 x 7.62mm GPMGs (General Purpose Machine Guns) can be fitted, one to either door.
• Oryz MLU - Mid-Life Upgrade; stock of 35 airframes set aside for upgraded navigation and communication suites.
• Oryx EWA - Electronic Warfare Aircraft model outfitted with appropriate missions equipment.
• Oryx Mk.II - Dept. of Environmental Affairs and Tourism model; special heavy-duty de-icing equipment featured; two examples completed (one since lost to a crash).
Detailing the development and operational history of the Denel (Atlas) Oryx Medium-Lift Utility Transport Helicopter. Entry last updated on 7/10/2018. Authored by Staff Writer. Content ©www.MilitaryFactory.com.
The Denel (formally Atlas) Oryx is a medium-class transport helicopter serving the South African Air Force (SAAF). It is a local offshoot of the popular French-made Aerospatiale "Puma" series originally introduced in 1968. The Oryx came about through the work developed for the what would become the Denel "Rooivalk" dedicated attack helicopter (detailed elsewhere on this site) and maintains an active presence in the SAAF inventory. The SAAF had experience with the Puma in the pre-1977 embargo years and became the largest non-French operator before the end.
In attempting its first indigenous attack helicopter design (the Denel "Rooivalk"), the Alpha XH-1 demonstrator was devised by Atlas Aircraft engineers. From this work came the more advanced XTP-1 - which was essentially a modified Aerospatiale SA330 "Puma" helicopter and two prototypes were completed. These prototypes served the Rooivalk program well but also showcased merits for an improved form of the Puma transport. Additional attention was therefore paid to this initiative and a dedicated prototype followed, giving rise to the Atlas "Oryx" transport platform.
Due to the embargo, the new helicopter was forced to rely on local South African industry as well as its experience in managing, repairing and operating French Pumas. The Oryx, on the whole, remained largely faithful to the French design but offered enough benefits to push the program to completion. Performance was increased and weight lightened while operating commitments were reduced by a quarter from the original. Structurally, the tail stem was lengthened some and new dust covers fitted to the engine intakes for better service in dry environments. Crew survivability was also improved. The result was a new helicopter that mimicked the form and function of the French original and improved it in some key areas. It also carried the added benefit of being a product custom-tailored to South African Air Force needs as well as one of local modification.
After having completing the requisite testing, evaluation and certification phases, the Oryx entered production in 1986 and airframes were built into 1991. Service introduction was in 1987 though public acknowledgement of the transport helicopter was not witnessed until 1991. As many as 46 were eventually taken into service and upgraded Puma-related components were eventually received through indirect means by way of Zaire and Romania as South Africa still lay under embargo. A mid-life upgrade occurred for 35 of the stock beginning in 2006 with the intent to keep these birds aloft into the 2020s.
Since its introduction, the Oryx has served with Squadron Nos. 15, 17, 19 and 22 while also being used by the 87 Helicopter Flying School. In service, the platform has responded well in various combat and non-combat roles, the latter including Search & Rescue (SAR) initiatives and fire-fighting. In military service, it is typically used in the troop and field supply transport role where it can seat up to 20 infantry and 3,000 kilogram loads respectively. An optional sling capability adds another 4,500 kg of external load to be carried. The cabin also supports up to six MEDEVAC litters with medical team in lieu of traditional infantry seating. If operating in contested areas, door guns are fitted, these being typically 7.62mm GPMG types for suppression fire.
The primary in-service model is the Oryx Mk.I of which an Electronic Warfare Aircraft (EWA) variant has also been developed. The Oryx Mk.II is a specialized transport model for the Department for Environmental Affairs and Tourism. These are noted for their red-and-white color schemes which differ considerably from the camouflage schemes used by the SAAF Mk.I forms.
In 1992, the Atlas Aircraft Corporation / Atlas Aviation brand label was absorbed into Denel Aviation. The embargo on South Africa ended in 1994 following democratic elections (U.N. Resolution 919).
Graph showcases the Denel Oryx's operational range (on internal fuel) when compared to distances between major cities.


text:
Home News Sanath applauds sportsmanship of Indian captain in Sri Lanka game
Sanath applauds sportsmanship of Indian captain in Sri Lanka game
Former Sri Lanka cricketer Sanath Jayasuriya applauded the sportsmanship of Indian captain Rohit Sharma in the ODI game between India and Sri Lanka yesterday (Tuesday).
He said that the sportsmanship of Rohit Sharma for withdrawing the run-out appeal against Sri Lanka captain Dasun Shanaka was the real winner of the game.
"The real winner was the sportsmanship of Rohit Sharma for refusing to take the run out. I doff my cap to you," Jayasuriya tweeted.
Sharma defused a potentially controversial situation by withdrawing a run-out appeal against Dasun Shanaka, despite the Sri Lanka skipper being out of his crease at the non-striker's end in the first ODI in Guwahati.
The incident occurred in the final over of the game, when Mohammed Shami ran in to bowl but broke the stumps at the non-striker's end before delivering the ball. Sri Lanka needed 83 off three balls at the time and Shanaka was batting on 98.
"I had no idea Shami had done that," Rohit told Star Sports after the game. "When he went up in an appeal… Again, he [Shanaka] is batting on 98. The way he batted was brilliant. We got to give it to him. We cannot get him out like that. We wanted to get him out the way we thought we would get him out. But that was not something that we thought of. But again, hats off to him, he played really well."
Had Rohit not withdrawn Shami's appeal, Shanaka would have been out, but the Sri Lankan captain was allowed to continue his innings and went on to finish 108 not out off 88 balls. India ended up winning the game by 67 runs, after Virat Kohli's 113 off 87 balls – his 45th ODI century – had powered the hosts to 373 for 7 in 50 overs. (Colombo Gazette)
US Under Secretary of State to offer Sri Lanka support
China's offer not sufficient for IMF deal
Former top FBI official arrested while returning from Sri Lanka


text:
2 January , 2021
Iran's Sunnis
Muslim Minorities
Sunnis on Focus
Know about Iranian Sunnis
Neday Islam
Introduction to Islam & Muslims
Ramadan Showcase
Al-Quran & Al-Hadith
Al-Hadith
Submit your note
Principles of Hadith Verification and Acceptance
| Published on : 02 01 2021
by Waqar Gulam Dastaguir
Based on Shaykh Mufti Taqi Usmani's notes in the introduction to Dars Tirmidhi (1/80-86), compiled by Waqar Gulam Dastaguir (student of Jami'ah Uloom al-Qur'an, Leicester) and checked & edited by Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam
The science of hadith deals with both the narrating (riwaya) and deep comprehension (diraya) of Prophetic statements. In the section of deep comprehension, it further divides into fiqh al-hadith (understanding the text of the hadith) and mustalah al-hadith (classification of the hadiths). In this last branch of mustalah al-hadith, hadiths are classed into various categories depending on the chain of narration, the context of the hadith, who narrated it, the number of people narrating it, among other things. One classification is regarding the authenticity (sihha) of hadiths. There are three main categories in this classification:
Sahih – the rigorously authenticated hadith
Hasan – the sound hadith
Da'if – the weak hadith
In order to classify hadiths into these three categories, hadith scholars (muhaddithun) have gone to great lengths, researching every single narrator and chain of narration. This led them to the declaration of a hadith being sahih, hasan or da'if. The act of declaring a hadith as sahih is known as tashih. For the latter two, the words tahsin and tad'if are used.
Due to the intricate nature of this science, this classification, of course, requires the one dealing with it to be a master in the science of hadith. It requires him to know the details of the narrators, the different classifications and, of course, to be acquainted with hundreds of thousands of hadiths. Scholars who dealt with these classifications were experts. They spent tens of years training to understand this science, let alone applying it. Then they spent more years in the company of others who too were experts in this science. Then they spent even more years researching and writing in this field themselves. They sacrificed their time and lives in their quest. Some of the luminaries who excelled in this science include: Imam Nawawi, Hafiz Dhahabi, Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Imam Yahya ibn Ma'in, Imam Ali ibn al-Madini and Hafiz Iraqi (Allah have mercy on them all).
In this article, we wish to highlight certain principles of classifying and declaring hadiths as sahih and da'if, for overlooking them can lead one to think that certain hadiths were wrongly classed by earlier scholars. However, before explaining these principles, it is vital to know what exactly a sahih and da'if hadith is. For a hadith to be classed as sahih, it needs to meet five conditions:
1) The chain of narration, from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) to the final narrator, must be connected (muttasil) in such a way that every single person in the chain has himself heard or received this narration from the person he is narrating from.
2) All the narrators in the chain must be upright ('adil) – meaning that they must be:
a) Muslim
b) Of the age of puberty (baligh)
c) Sane ('aqil)
d) Not an open sinner (salim min al-fisq)
e) Free from bad habits (salim min khawarim al-muru'ah)
3) All the narrators must possess the ability to preserve the hadith precisely (dabt).
4) The hadith should not contradict other hadiths which have come from more reliable narrators ('adam al-Shudhudh).
5) There are no other hidden weaknesses ('adam al-illah al-Qadiha) – such as a hidden gap in the chain of narration.
Upon the absence of any one of the above five conditions, the hadith immediately is classed as da'if. But if all of the conditions are met, with the third (preservation) being of a lower degree, then it is classed as hasan. Now that we have understood the definitions of the three classifications, it will be easier to understand the principles given by Shaykh Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani. The principles themselves are detailed very lengthily in the Urdu language. However they have been simplified here so they may be understood by those who are not too familiar with the hadith sciences. They are seven as follows:
Principle 1 – What is a sahih hadith?
A hadith is classed as sahih if it meets the above five conditions, as outlined. Some erroneously think that only the hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim (known together as the Sahihayn) are sahih, or that all sahih hadiths have been covered in them. The authenticity of a hadith is not based on which book it is in, rather on the fulfilment of the above five conditions. Imam Bukhari himself mentions that his book does not cover all the sahih hadiths. In fact, some hadiths in other books are more authentic than some of those found in the sahihayn – several are in the Sunan of Imam ibn Majah. Imam Bukhari's work is called "the most authentic book after the Book of Allah" in an overall sense; it does not mean every single hadith found inside it is above every single hadith found in other books.
Principle 2 – Who is authorised to declare hadiths as sahih and/or da'if?
Declaring a hadith to be sahih (tashih) or da'if (tad'if) is an intricate task which requires deep understanding and a profound knowledge of the science of hadith. Only the elite (mujtahidun) are able to do this. Imam Ibn al-Salah mentions in his book Ulum al-Hadith (more commonly known as Muqaddima ibn al-Salah) that since the turn of the fifth hijri century, scholars can no longer be deemed qualified to declare a particular hadith as sahih or da'if if a classification has already been given regarding it (which will be in most cases). However, the mainstream scholars are of the opinion that the ability to qualify a hadith does not depend on the era of a muhaddith; rather it depends on his knowledge. This is a more accepted approach since the scholars who took on this task later on were the ones most famous for it. They include Hafiz Dhahabi, Hafiz Ibn Hajar, Allama Ayni, Hafiz Sakhawi, Hafiz Zayla'i, Hafiz Iraqi amongst many others. Imam Anwar Shah al-Kashmiri, who passed away less than a century ago (1933), was also considered to be at this level.
Principle 3 – Scholars can disagree about the authenticity of a particular hadith
Since classifying hadiths is based on the independent research of each scholar, sometimes we find mixed opinions of expert scholars (mujtahids) regarding the authenticity of a particular narrator or hadith. It is a matter of ijtihad; hence no scholar can be condemned or rebuked for his position. Moreover, when an expert Imam (mujtahid) uses a particular hadith as proof for a ruling, it shows that he believes it to be worthy enough to be used as a proof. It would be wrong, in such an instance, to present the opinion of another expert scholar and say that the hadith is not worthy of being used as a proof, since both are experts (mujtahids). Remember that when a scholar says that this hadith is sahih or da'if, it is not a factual statement; it is merely his personal opinion based on his research.
Principle 4 – A sahih hadith may be considered da'if in later times
At times, it is possible that an earlier scholar – like Imam Abu Hanifa – finds a particular hadith to be completely authentic when it reaches him through the Companions (sahaba) and those succeeding them (tabi'un). However, a weakness in the chain of narration could have appeared as it progresses past this Imam. In such an instance, it would be wrong to accuse the earlier Imam of using a weak hadith if it was perceivably sahih in his time but da'if later on. Therefore, a hadith which was regarded as da'if in Imam Bukhari's time, for example, was not necessarily as such at the time of the earlier scholars.
Principle 5 – How authentic is a sahih hadith, and do we leave da'if hadiths altogether?
Imam ibn al-Salah, the renowned hadith expert, states in his Muqaddima that just because a hadith is given the status of being sahih, it does not necessitate that in actual fact it is undeniably sahih. It merely means that from a technical aspect in terms of fulfilling the five conditions, the hadith is sahih and therefore it is most likely that it will be sahih in actual terms as well. However, there remains a possibility that even a hadith considered as sahih may not actually be as such, since a reliable narrator (known as thiqa) can also make a mistake. But this "possibility" is not given any credit unless there are indications and strong proofs elsewhere (such as the hadith opposing a clear Qur'anic verse or other more authentic hadiths) suggesting that a mistake may have been made by a narrator of this sahih hadith. If such strong proofs are found, it is perfectly acceptable to not act upon this sahih hadith.
Likewise, just because a hadith has been given the status of being da'if, it does not necessitate that in actual fact it is undeniably incorrect. It merely means that from a technical aspect the hadith is da'if and therefore it is most likely that it will be da'if in actual terms as well. However, there remains a possibility that a non-authentic narrator has narrated the hadith correctly; nobody is wrong every time. But just like with the sahih hadith, it is necessary to have strong indications and proofs to suggest that this hadith is acceptable. If such strong proofs are found, it is perfectly acceptable to act upon this da'if hadith.
Based on this, if a mujtahid Imam – due to other strong proofs – chooses not to act upon a hadith technically considered as sahih, or chooses to act upon a hadith technically considered as da'if, he cannot be accused of "leaving the sunnah" or as "one who acts upon weak narrations."
Imam Tirmidhi, one of the six authors of the widely taught six hadith collections, mentions in his Sunan that he has included two hadiths in his book which are sahih, yet no one has acted upon them. The scholars have reached a consensus on leaving both, despite their being sahih, due to other strong proofs – but no one was accused of "leaving the sunnah." There is also a da'if hadith found in the same collection which is acted upon and accepted by many scholars due to other strong proofs, such as Imam Malik, Imam Shafi'i, Imam Ahmad and Imam Awza'i – but no one was accused of "acting upon a weak narration."
Principle 6 – A da'if hadith is accepted if supported by the actions of the Sahaba and Tabi'un
Many hadith experts and scholars of principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul) assert that if a hadith is da'if in its chain of narration, but the ruling given in it was acted upon by the Companions (sahaba) and those who followed them (tabi'un), it can be used as a proof, despite being da'if. An example of this is the ruling of a slave girl's divorce and waiting period. In a da'if hadith it is narrated to be two divorces and two menstrual cycles. In spite of it being da'if, this was still found to be the common understanding of the sahaba and tabi'un. This is the very same principle which Imam Abu Hanifa uses in many of his rulings. He accepts certain narrations technically considered as da'if today, yet the sahaba acknowledged their correctness through their actions.
Furthermore, a sound (hasan) hadith can be used to derive rulings just like sahih hadiths. So it's important to know that a da'if narration may be elevated to the level of a sound (hasan) hadith if there are several chains of narration for it. This type of sound (hasan) hadith is known as hasan li ghayrihi (meaning "sound due to the support of other narrations").
Principle 7 – What happens if two authentic hadiths contradict each other in their context?
In the instance of authentic and acceptable hadiths contradicting each other, some jurists (fuqaha) and hadith experts (muhaddithun) compare the chains of both and act upon the one considered as more authentic. Others like Imam Abu Hanifa, however, do not always prefer the one which has the more authentic chain of narration; instead they select the one which conforms to the Qur'an and general spirit of Shari'ah the most, regardless if it has a less authentic chain. Though this decision may seem "eccentric" to some, it is in fact more likely to be the correct one since you are making a decision based on what the boundaries of Shari'ah dictate. Just having a stronger chain of narration does not necessitate a hadith's superiority; it is much more than that.
This is one of the reasons why it is not recommended for people who do not possess the mastery of the hadith sciences to take up a position where they devise their own rulings based on what they understand from the hadiths they read. More than often, they will find many contradictions in the hadith collections. This will lead them to unnecessary confusion, strife, conflict with others, and worst of all, the separation and disunity of the Ummah. By keeping the above broad principles of "hadith verification and acceptability" in mind, much of the objection levied against earlier mujtahid Imams would no longer remain. And Allah knows best.
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