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OIG Issues Reports Reviewing Laboratory Billing Practices and Noting Increased Spending by Medicare Part B on Laboratory Tests
By Erin Howard & Danielle Tangorre on December 21, 2022
Posted in COVID-19, Fraud and Abuse, Government Enforcement, Laboratories, Office of Inspector General
As the year comes to a close, the government has signaled a specific focus on clinical laboratories for 2023. On December 6, 2022, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (OIG) issued a Report entitled, "Labs With Questionably High Billing for Additional Tests Alongside COVID-19 Tests Warrant Further Scrutiny" (Report). The Report discusses why the study pertaining to the billing of additional tests alongside COVID-19 testing was conducted, how it was conducted, and what the key takeaways of the study are. This was followed by OIG's issuance in mid-December of a Data Brief reviewing Medicare Part B spending on lab tests entitled, "Medicare Part B Spending on Lab Tests Increased in 2021, Driven by Higher Volume of COVID-19 Tests, Genetic Tests and Chemistry Tests" (Data Brief). …
Continue Reading OIG Issues Reports Reviewing Laboratory Billing Practices and Noting Increased Spending by Medicare Part B on Laboratory Tests
Advisory Opinion 22-17: OIG Declines to Impose Sanctions on a Health System for Forgiveness of Credit Line Note Owed by Clinic
Posted in Contract Law, Fraud and Abuse, Government Enforcement, Health Policy, Hospitals and Health Systems, Office of Inspector General
On September 6, 2022, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) published Advisory Opinion 22-17 (Advisory Opinion), in which it declined to impose sanctions against a regional 501(c)(3) not-for-profit health care system that operates four hospitals (Health System) and a clinic that provide services to geographic areas that have been designated as medically-underserved areas and health professional shortage areas (together, the Requestors). The Health System had supported the establishment of the clinic, which is registered as a Free Clinic and been designated as a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) Look-Alike (Clinic), (but is neither a FQHC nor does it receive funds under Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act). The arrangement involves the forgiveness of a credit line note entered into by the Health System with the Clinic. The OIG concluded that although the arrangement would constitute prohibited remuneration under the federal anti-kickback statute (AKS) if the requisite intent were present, the arrangement and the safeguards in place did not warrant the imposition of sanctions.…
Continue Reading Advisory Opinion 22-17: OIG Declines to Impose Sanctions on a Health System for Forgiveness of Credit Line Note Owed by Clinic
Posted in False Claims Act, Fraud and Abuse, Government Enforcement, Hospitals and Health Systems, Medicare and Medicaid, Office of Inspector General, Physicians and Allied Health Professionals, Reimbursement
On October 17, 2022, the Supreme Court denied certiorari in three cases asking the court to resolve a circuit split regarding the application of the particularity pleading requirement for allegations of fraud in False Claims Act (FCA) cases, as required under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b). The cases are: Johnson, et al. v. Bethany Hospice, 21-462; U.S., ex rel. Owsley v. Fazzi Associates, Inc., et al., 21-936; and Molina Healthcare, et al. v. Prose, 21-1145. Molina also presented a second question over which circuits had split, regarding the correct interpretation of Universal Health Services, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Escobar and whether a request for payment without specific representations can be actionable under an implied false certification theory. (Petition for Writ of Certiorari).…
Continue Reading Supreme Court Denies Certiorari in Three FCA "Particularity" Cases
Advisory Opinion 22-19: OIG Warns That Proposed Drug Cost Subsidization Arrangement May Warrant Sanctions
By Conor Duffy & Erin Howard on October 25, 2022
Posted in Fraud and Abuse, Government Enforcement, Hospitals and Health Systems, Medicare and Medicaid, Office of Inspector General, Pharmaceuticals and Biologics
On October 5, 2022, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) published Advisory Opinion 22-19 (Advisory Opinion), in which it determined that a proposed oncology drug discount arrangement could constitute grounds for the imposition of sanctions under the federal anti-kickback statute (AKS). The OIG concluded that while beneficiary access to potentially life-saving medications is essential, the provisions of the proposed arrangement "would present more than a minimal risk of fraud and abuse" under the AKS.…
Continue Reading Advisory Opinion 22-19: OIG Warns That Proposed Drug Cost Subsidization Arrangement May Warrant Sanctions


Teen Living is an excellent course and I am happy you have decided to take it!
In this class, you will learn about yourself - your personality, values, goals, etc., your family - relationships with family members, your place in your family, etc., your friends - how to be a good friend, how to avoid toxic friends, peer pressure, gangs, bullying, etc., and dating and sexual responsibility - dating rights, dating violence, teen pregnancy and early parenting, child abuse, etc.
You can find unit powerpoints, notes, and other materials under the 'Units' tab.
Details about specific projects can be found under the 'Projects' tab.
The disclosure document and human sexuality consent form can be found under the 'Documents' tab.


If you are an individual traveller, feel free to join one of our Fully Escorted Group Tours!
Pick a tour that departs from a capital city near you. Then all you need do is contact us to book your place on the tour.


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Cast and Crew Opportunities
Here you'll find details of our current and upcoming production openings, including both casting and opportunities for crew to get involved behind the scenes.
If you'd like to apply for any of the roles, please get in contact via our contact form.
Actors, please include links to any websites or profile pages where we can see a picture and/or examples of your work, and a phone number so we can contact you.
Please note – All cast and crew applicants must be able to speak English.
Gabriel Cushing at the Carnival of Sorrows – Audition Evening.
Open auditions for some roles in our up coming web series production will be held on Monday 16th December, from 15:00 till 20:00 (last admission 19:45) at:
Folk Hall
BS20 6PR
Parking is available in the Folk Hall car park opposite.
You do not need to book in advance but doing so will help us reduce waiting times. Please feel free to contact us for further information.
Please see below for more information about the production and roles available.
Gabriel Cushing at the Carnival of Sorrows – In production March/April 2014
(Revised December 2013)
Open Casting Call / No agent required
Payment details: no pay, some expenses may be covered.
About the Production
Carnival of Sorrows will be the third web series from producers The Great Escape, following on from the web series' Gabriel Cushing vs the Zombie Vampires (October 2012) and Gabriel Cushing: Strange Encounters (Winter 2013/14), The series draws influence from classic Hammer Studios horror films and modern escapist fantasy/horror shows such as Doctor Who, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Supernatural.
Gabriel Cushing (David Curtis) and his assistant Melanie (Sam Herbert) work to uncover the dark intentions of a cursed carnival troupe who prey on the souls of the living. Several unexplained disappearances draw them into an investigation, and, as they delve deeper, they reveal the carnival's disturbing past and frightening portents of its future. Their every step hounded by demonic clowns, terrifying beasts, freakish living dolls and other twisted creatures, they must hurry to unlock the secret to stopping the troupe forever.
The project has had much of its budget funded via Kickstarter.
Filming will take place near Bristol between 22nd March and 27th April 2014. We are looking for actors and actresses to take on both key and supporting roles for this series, both living, dead and demonic. You should be prepared to be splashed with fake blood, potentially wear latex and effects make-up, work with special FX crew and get physical with supernatural forces from beyond the mortal coil!
Available Parts
Individual Character breakdowns have been included below. If you are interested please apply now, telling us which character you are potentially interested in.
Beast Man (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Male, 20s to 30s, a violent animal in human form. Part strong man, part lion tamer and part lion, all wrapped up in one rage filled package. Heavily muscled and, covered in scars and dirt, he wears animal skins and his face is a twisted animal form. He stalks and attacks the Carnival's prey, a violent aggressor.
We are looking for a muscular actor. Please Note: This part involves heavy use of special effects and make-up on the face. Actor must be clean shaven.
Males, aged 20 to 40 from United Kingdom
No previous acting experience required.
The Man of Many Faces (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Male/Female, uncertain age, an acrobat and performer in the carnival. His face is always covered by an assortment of masks that reflect his moods – joy, anger, rage, sadness and terror. He is very versatile, very flexible and works as a hands on member of the carnival, grabbing, holding and ensnaring victims, but never uttering a word.
We are looking for an athletic individual with gymnastic skills, including flexibility and balance. Please wear appropriate clothing and footwear to demonstrate your physical abilities at the audition.
Any gender, aged 18 to 40 from United Kingdom.
Mr Marwick (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Male, 40s, the father of Jenny. After suffering the recent loss of his wife in a car accident, he is despondent and uncertain how to talk to his teenage daughter. What goes unsaid between them speaks volumes, and he is her one weakness that the Carnival can exploit.
Males, aged 35+ from United Kingdom
Mrs Marwick (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Female, mother of Jenny and wife of Mr Marwick. Mrs Marwick's death in a car crash at the beginning of the film ignites a chain of events. Her daughter Jenny feels responsible and has fallen into a depression over the loss of her mother. The Carnival haunts Jenny with Mrs Marwick's voice and image to drive her deeper into despair.
Females, aged 35+ from United Kingdom.
Natalie Harper (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Female, 15/16 year old school girl, victim of the Carnival. A depressed and bullied teenager, whose own fears and pain are turned against her by the Carnival. Since her only friends Jenny and Beth left school to go to college, she has had to face her bullies alone and cannot cope. The Carnival come to her at her weakest and exploit her emotional pain in order to claim her soul.
Females, aged 16 to 25 from United Kingdom.
Cat Lady (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Female, late-40s, the Cat lady is encountered by the heroes whilst she puts posters up for her missing cat. Her pets are her only true friends and her devastation at the loss of her favourite, Vincent Chandler, is genuine. It is this sorrow that attracts the Carnival to her, and she falls victim to their malice.
Please note: This role involves the use of prosthetic effects.
Liana King (Next audition Mon 16th Dec)
Gabriel Cushing at the Carnival of Sorrows – Liana King: Female, teenager, classmate of Jenny. Liana is not deliberately unkind to Jenny, but they come from very different worlds. She is quite dismissive of Jenny's personal issues, and her compliments tend to be back-handed. Lianna's new friendship with Jenny's friend Beth has driven a wedge between them which has left Jenny feeling isolated.
Females, aged 16 to 25 from United Kingdom
Barbara Hill-Russell (Next audition TBC, please contact)
Female, 60s, the local librarian. Barbara has been working in the town library for years and she knows all about the area's rich history. The story of the carnival is part of her own family history and she is vital in helping our heroes uncover the truth.
Please note: must have good vocal, storytelling skills.
Antique Store Owner (Next audition TBC, please contact)
Owner of an antique store that holds a clue to the history of the Carnival of Sorrows. The look suspicious, and often crane their neck over the shelves to see what people might be up to in their store.
Any gender, aged 40 to 60 from Bristol, United Kingdom.
The Carnival (Next audition TBC, please contact)
Gabriel Cushing at the Carnival of Sorrows – The Carnival: Various genders, ages and looks, there are many smaller roles for both ghostly visitations of the Carnival and its Victims. Bloody effects and gory make-up are very likely for these roles. Circus and/or gymnastic skills are also desirable.
Any gender, aged 18+ from United Kingdom.
Hitch-Hiker (Next audition TBC, please contact)
Male, 20s-30s, a hitch-hiker walking the country lanes outside town. Not used to the kindness of others, he's delighted when he's picked up. However, this does not last long. Please note: Some prosthetic effects involved.
Males, aged 20 to 40 from Bristol, United Kingdom.
Driver (Next audition TBC, please contact)
Male, 20s-30s, a driver who stops to pick up the hitch-hiker. Kind, good natured and always out to help someone in need. However, this time he gets more than he bargained for.
Crew and volunteer opportunities
We always need plenty of hands on set. Whether you have specific skills or just want to help out, please get in touch. We currently have particular need of:
Dance / Movement choreographer
Lighting assistants
Assistant boom operator
Costume makers / alterers
KEYWORDS: open casting call in Bristol, acting jobs in Bristol, acting jobs in the south west, casting call no experience necessary, web series casting call, horror acting jobs, horror acting roles, film making opportunities, film making jobs, film making volunteer work, make up artists wanted, hair stylists wanted, actors wanted, costume makers wanted, choreographer wanted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Kevin Hart to Host the 2019 Oscars
Posted By D.L. Hughley
Source: Thaddaeus McAdams / Getty
Comedian Kevin Hart announced that he's officially set to host the 91st Academy Awards ceremony.
The Hollywood Reporter noted that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held talks with Hart about hosting the event. The actor is emceeing for the first time and succeeds Jimmy Kimmel, who has hosted the last two Academy Awards.
"I will be sure to make this years Oscars a special one," the comedian wrote Tuesday in an Instagram post, adding, "now it's time to rise to the occasion."
"For years I have been asked if I would ever host the Oscars and my answer was always the same…I said that it would be the opportunity of a lifetime for me as a comedian and that it will happen when it's suppose to," he wrote. "I am so happy to say that the day has finally come for me to host the Oscars. I am blown away simply because this has been a goal on my list for a long time….To be able to join the legendary list of hosts that have graced that stage is unbelievable."
Welcome to the family, @kevinhart4real! #Oscars https://t.co/vfcxAeJlwQ
— The Academy (@TheAcademy) December 5, 2018
Kimmel sent Hart his well wishes on Twitter, writing, "Congratulations amigo – @TheAcademy made an excellent choice. You are going to kill it."
The "Night School" star has previously hosted the BET Awards in 2011 and the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards.
"I will be sure to make this years (sic) Oscars a special one," Hart added.
The Academy confirmed the news, tweeting: "Welcome to the family, @kevinhart4real."
Hart has publicly spoken about wanting to host the Oscars since 2015, when he told "Live With Kelly and Michael"(now "Live With Kelly and Ryan") that he was actively campaigning to get the role.
"That would be a major accomplishment. With what I've done and the progress I've made in my career, that's definitely the next major step, I feel, for a comedian," Hart said to the hosts at the time.
The Oscars will air live on Sunday, Feb. 24, on ABC.
SOURCE: EURweb.com
Article Courtesy of EURweb
First Picture Courtesy of GP Images and Getty Images
Second Picture Courtesy of Thaddaeus McAdams and Getty Images
Tweet Courtesy of Twitter and EURweb
Sam Sylk's Reality Hour
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Outgoing AMISOM commander appeals for more international help to stabilize Somalia
An outgoing commander of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) called for more support
Dec 21st 2020 · 1 min read
FILE PHOTO: Soldiers in the 17th Battle Group of the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) serving in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). (Photo by Andrew Renneisen/Getty Images)
BARAWE, SOMALIA - OCTOBER 11: Soldiers in the 17th Battle Group of the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) serving in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) exit AMISOM's Forward Operating Base before a patrol on October 11, 2016 in Barawe, Somalia. The city of Barawe was a stronghold for the Al-Shabaab militant group in Somalia's southern coast, but were driven out by the Somali Government and AMISOM in 2014. Al-Shabaab continues to fight in the region with counter-insurgency tactics. Somalia is on the brink of its first parliamentary elections since 1984, but issues with security and disagreements in the election process have led to delays.
An outgoing commander of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) called for more support by the international community to help the stabilization phase in Somalia.
Brig. Gen. Richard Otto, the outgoing Contingent Commander of Ugandan troops in Somalia, who is also the AMISOM Sector 1 Commander, made the comments during a farewell dinner in the Somali capital Mogadishu.
Otto said this support can be achieved by building schools, hospitals and infrastructure and governance structures.
Otto expressed his gratitude for being entrusted to lead his country's unit and added he left the mission, happy with the achievements, particularly the capacity the Somali National Army has built.
"This is a very positive development and confirms that AMISOM is doing real mentorship," Otto said.
Otto was replaced by Brig Gen. Don William Nabasa, whom he handed over responsibility to.
Uganda is one of five countries which contribute troops to AMISOM and is in charge of Sector 1 of the mission's operations in Somalia.
Sector 1 troops secure Banaadir and Lower Shabelle regions and protect the State House, all government ministries, Parliament, Aden Abdule International Airport and the sea port, according to AMISOM.
Aside from its peacekeeping operations, AMISOM supports various socioeconomic initiatives to strengthen the Somali community.
AMISOM was deployed in 2007 to enable the gradual handing over of security responsibilities and reduce the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups in the Horn of Africa nation.


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<?php

namespace app\models;

use Yii;

/**
 * This is the model class for table "posicion".
 *
 * @property integer $idPosicion
 * @property string $Nombre
 * @property string $Descripcion
 *
 * @property DatosHasPosicion[] $datosHasPosicions
 * @property Datos[] $datosIdDatos
 */
class Posicion extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{
    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public static function tableName()
    {
        return 'posicion';
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            [['idPosicion', 'Nombre'], 'required'],
            [['idPosicion'], 'integer'],
            [['Nombre', 'Descripcion'], 'string', 'max' => 45]
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function attributeLabels()
    {
        return [
            'idPosicion' => 'Id Posicion',
            'Nombre' => 'Nombre',
            'Descripcion' => 'Descripcion',
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery
     */
    public function getDatosHasPosicions()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(DatosHasPosicion::className(), ['Posicion_idPosicion' => 'idPosicion']);
    }

    /**
     * @return \yii\db\ActiveQuery
     */
    public function getDatosIdDatos()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Datos::className(), ['idDatos' => 'Datos_idDatos'])->viaTable('datos_has_posicion', ['Posicion_idPosicion' => 'idPosicion']);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


old man at a knife point on the corner of Hoek and De Viliers streets. The 55-year-old man was on his way home and decided to take a taxi when he was attacked by the suspects. One of them threatened him with a knife while the other two shook him down and stole his cell phone. The man shouted for help, alerting the police. One of the suspects was arrested. The other two fled.


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Ed Gill
Communications Lead, Gas Goes Green
Cleaner hydrogen energy systems to heat homes across the UK would be supported by the public according to new research by Leeds Beckett University, but steps need to be taken to ensure customers aren't left behind in green energy discussions.
68% of public indifferent or undecided about clean energy solutions which would support climate change
Study shows energy customers would support a hydrogen gas network, providing questions on cost and safety are answered
Public want decisive action now, to reduce environmental impact and avoid outlay on obsolete appliances
The independent study was carried out as part of the H21 project, a UK gas industry programme focused on converting the existing gas grid to carry 100% hydrogen, in order to reduce carbon emissions from heating.
Because it contains no carbon element, hydrogen produces just heat and water when burned, making it a credible technology for greening the gas grid, and supporting the UK's pledge to reach Net Zero emissions by 2050.
Led by the team at the university's Sustainability Institute, School of the Built Environment and Engineering, the research involved surveying over 1,000 respondents and deliberative workshops held in three cities across the UK. These explored customer views on low carbon hydrogen, its use as a domestic fuel and potential role as a future energy source.
Findings showed there is strong support for the clean gas to play a role in the country's future energy mix, with 20% of the public enthusiastic about a hydrogen gas network without needing further assurances.
Qualitative research from the workshops showed that customers were willing to accept a rise of up to 10% in their annual gas bill for the increase to support environmental benefits.
Recent research published by Energy Networks Association found that if investment into zero carbon hydrogen infrastructure began today then bill payers would save £89bn by 2050.
However, customer acceptance was on the condition that a generous notice period would help customers to financially prepare for the cost of changing appliances, and clear direction on incentives supporting that transition would be provided.
But the largest proportion of those surveyed – 68% - were indifferent or undecided about low carbon energy technologies like hydrogen, and its potential to decarbonise the heat and transport the public rely on every day.
The research indicates this is largely because customers don't know enough about hydrogen, are unconvinced that hydrogen is the right solution, or are simply not engaged with the topic.
Given clear information on which to make an informed choice, this section of the public would support hydrogen's use in the gas network.
Dr Fiona Fylan, Reader in Sustainable Behaviour at Leeds Beckett University, who led the study said:
"The research showed that people are being left behind in discussions about future energy, as many did not appreciate that the gas they use to cook and heat their homes produces carbon emissions.
"When they realised this, there was tremendous support for converting to hydrogen. There were few concerns about safety, as there is trust in the networks and safety bodies to ensure a hydrogen network would be tested as robustly as the gas network in use today.
"Cost is a significant concern for people, although the concerns focus on the cost of new appliances rather than an increase on annual bills.
"People wanted a decision to be made as soon as possible and clear messages about what will happen and the environmental benefits that switching to hydrogen will bring."
Today, over 83% of UK homes are connected to the gas network, and heat from both domestic heating and industry represents around a third of annual UK carbon emissions.
Repurposing the gas network to carry low and zero carbon gases helping to decarbonise heat, transport and industry lies at the heart of the Gas Goes Green programme.
Bringing together engineering expertise from the UK's five gas distribution and transmission operators, Gas Goes Green is a blueprint to create the world's first zero carbon gas network in the least disruptive and most cost-effective way.
The transition to a hydrogen network is one of the programme's six key workstreams, with projects like H21 helping to inform next steps enabling this to be done.
Led by Northern Gas Networks, the gas distributor for the North, in collaboration with Cadent, SGN and Wales & West Utilities, H21 is delivering critical safety evidence to prove that a hydrogen gas network is as safe the natural gas network heating UK homes today.
H21 was granted £6.8 million of Ofgem NIC funding in 2019 for a second phase. Part of this will involve further social sciences research by Leeds Beckett University, to develop resources enabling customers to make informed choices on their future energy.
Mark Horsley, CEO of Northern Gas Networks, said:
"Customers must be brought along on this journey. "As the UK works towards a low carbon energy future, customer choice and control over their energy forms an essential part of the picture.
"The Leeds Beckett University study is genuinely exciting work exploring a key part of the energy challenge which so far hasn't been fully understood, and it's clear there is still a lot of work to do.
"Hearing customer voices and understanding the areas where they require industry and government to deliver clear answers, is absolutely central to energy transition and will help to inform the next steps enabling a greener gas grid."
Anyone that smells gas or suspects carbon monoxide should call the National Gas Emergency Service immediately on 0800 111 999. This line is in operation 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Spokespeople from Northern Gas Networks and Leeds Beckett University are available for pre-record and live interviews. Please contact the NGN Communications team on 0113 322 7950 or email [email protected] for more details.
About H21
As the UK looks towards 2050, and a cleaner and greener energy future, H21 is a collaborative gas industry programme focused on demonstrating how converting the UK gas network to carry 100% hydrogen can tackle the UK's decarbonisation challenges.
The H21 NIC is a collaborative project, led by Northern Gas Networks, the gas distributor for the
North of England, in partnership with gas distribution networks Cadent, SGN and Wales & West Utilities, focused on presenting the quantified safety evidence to prove a future hydrogen gas network
can be managed to the same high safety standard as our natural gas network of today, to enable a policy decision on heat to be made.
For more information visit www.h21.green
About Leeds Beckett University
Leeds Beckett University is ranked among the 10 most successful universities in the UK for widening participation and ensuring higher education is accessible to people from all backgrounds
The university was awarded silver status in the Teaching Excellence Framework for its high quality teaching
Leeds Beckett has more than 28,000 students and is investing £200m in its campuses over the next two years
The university contributes an estimated £520m to the economy each year
About Gas Goes Green
ENA's Gas Goes Green programme will deliver the world's first zero carbon gas grid, helping meet the UK's net zero carbon emissions target. Bringing together the engineering expertise of Britain's five gas network companies with the wider energy industry, policymakers, and academics, it will make the changes needed to move Britain's gas network infrastructure from delivering methane-based natural gas to zero carbon hydrogen and biomethane. For more visit www.energynetworks.org or email [email protected]
Summary of Leeds Beckett University research on public perceptions of hydrogen (June 2020)
In-depth report on Leeds Beckett University research on public perceptions of hydrogen (June 2020)


text:
Saving Grace (v1)
Spoilers/Timeline: Takes place following S07E13 Grace. Spoilers for S07E13 Grace, S07E14 Fallout, S07E15 Chimera.
A/N1: Prompt provided by ml_spikie. Some dialogue taken from the show.
A/N2: Even though ml_spikie's prompt was for a Sam/Janet story my muse demanded something else. Therefore, to satisfy both, I've written the story with two different outcomes.
Sam realized that while she was alone on the Prometheus, her subconscious had been telling her to face what she had buried deep inside her – she was in love with Janet. She had buried it so deep, that even subconsciously she had tried to deny it, as evidenced by her deliberately misunderstand-ing what the vision of her father had been trying to tell her… by kissing Jack O'Neill. But even in her self-delusional state, she couldn't make that kiss feel right.
She also knew the little girl named Grace symbolized herself, symbolized her unwillingness to let go of the past. Sam needed to make some changes and move forward in her personal life.
She opened her eyes to see O'Neill. He gave her a small smile.
His eyebrows climbed up his forehead. "Excuse me?
"Yes, well, a massive concussion will tend to disorient one."
"How long was I out there?"
"It's all relative, Carter, that whole time space continuum thing."
"Four days."
"Could have sworn it was weeks."
"Teal'c and Daniel say 'hi.' They're planning a little bit of a shindig for when you're up and around. There's talk of cake."
"Cake?"
"My idea."
"Need anything? Magazine? Yo-yo?"
"Janet. Is she here?"
"Uh, no. She and Cassie are out of town."
Sam closed her eyes for a moment. "That's right. She said they were going on vacation."
"Do you want me to get Doc Warner?"
"No. I'm fine."
"Yes, you are."
"Think nothing of it. I've got plenty of that."
Sam wanted to talk to Janet about her feelings, but before Janet and Cassie returned from their vacation, Jonas Quinn arrived at the SGC and asked for their help in saving his planet. So, Sam returned to Kelowna with Jonas to study the problem with the subterranean naquadria in hopes of finding a solution.
Janet returned from her vacation in time to assist the Langarans following an earthquake brought on by the explosion of a pocket of naquadria 20 kilometers beneath the surface. The circumstances, though, did not afford Sam any time to see Janet while the doctor was on Langara, much less talk.
After the impending crisis was adverted Sam returned to Earth, exhausted. She went home and crawled into her bed. She didn't emerge until almost thirteen hours later. Since she desperately needed to do some grocery shopping she decided to go out for breakfast.
"Is this seat taken?"
Sam looked up at Pete Shanahan's familiar voice.
"Well no, but there's plenty of other empty–"
He sat down across from her.
"– tables."
"Yeah, but none of them has a beautiful, single woman sitting at them."
Sam almost jerked back at the word 'single.' She really needed to call things off with Pete, but she continued with their game anyway. "Well thank you, but how do you know I'm single?"
"There's no ring on your finger."
"I could have a boyfriend."
"You're having breakfast by yourself at 7:30 in the morning."
"You're very observant."
"I'm a cop." He grinned. "How about dinner tonight? My motel room."
"Your motel room?"
"Yeah, I'll order room service, open a box of wine–"
"A box?"
"Something with a duck on the front." He cocked his head. "Or better yet, let's go to my motel room now." He leaned in to kiss her, but she pulled back.
"Pete, I have to go to work."
"Come on Sam, call in sick. Spend the day with me; we'll go to the zoo."
"There's no zoo in Colorado Springs."
"Bowling. There must be a bowling alley around here somewhere."
"I have to work."
"Can't the world wait one more day for more deep space telemetry?"
"Have you seen how much deep space there is out there?"
He leaned in once again to kiss her, but she turned her face away and his lips brushed against her cheek. He pulled back and looked at her quizzically. "Sam? What's wrong?"
She dropped some money on the table as she stood. "Nothing. I'll come by after work tonight. I've got to go."
On the drive to the base Sam kept going over everything in her head. She should have just come out and told Pete that it was over, but she didn't feel it was right to dump him and run. She would meet with him after work and tell him, when they had some time to talk.
Sam wiped away her tears as she got back into her car. Telling Pete it was over had been more emotional than she'd expected. He didn't understand and was hurt when she finally admitted that she was in love with someone else. Then he got angry when she refused to tell him who she was in love with.
She looked at the clock in the dash – it was still early. Sam decided to go over to Janet's house and finally confess that she was in love with her.
When she got out of her car, Sam could hear faint sounds coming from behind Janet's house. It sounded like Janet and Cassie were in the pool in the backyard. As she headed around the side of the house, the smells of charcoal and barbecued chicken filled the air. A smile graced her lips as so many happy memories spent with Janet and Cassie filled Sam's mind. It always felt like she was coming home when she came to Janet's house.
Rounding the back corner of the house, Sam released the latch and pushed open the gate… and stopped. She saw Cassie in the pool playing water polo with some woman she'd never seen before.
"Alright, you two! Time to dry off and eat something," Janet called as she exited the house through the patio door with large bowl of potato salad.
"Good, I'm starved!" Cassie replied as she hauled herself out of the pool and started to dry off with a towel.
"You're just tired of losing," the unknown woman retorted as she also exited the water.
"I'll beat you next time, Toni."
Cassie and Toni finished drying off and then joined Janet at the patio table. There was an air of familial intimacy surrounding the three, and Sam suddenly felt like a voyeuristic outsider. She was just about to close the gate and walk away when Cassie spotted her.
Janet and Toni both looked at her.
"Hey, Sam. We've just started eating. Why don't you join us?" Janet asked.
"I don't want to intrude."
"You're not intruding – I just invited you to join us."
Sam wasn't sure she wanted to know who Toni was, but she felt compelled to join the gathering.
Toni quickly stood. "I'll go grab another plate and some silverware." She disappeared inside the house.
Dinner passed in relative silence – a silence filled with tension. As soon as Cassie finished eating she excused herself, claiming to have homework to do even though it was Friday evening. All three women cleared the table and carried stuff inside to the kitchen. Toni also disappeared upstairs, os-tensibly to take a shower, but not before she and Janet had a quick, whispered conversation in the living room.
It was with a sinking feeling in her stomach that Sam asked about Toni when Janet returned to the kitchen. "So, uh… how do you know Toni?"
"We met in medical school," Janet answered as she washed the dinner plates.
"Oh. So she's a doctor?"
"Mm hmm. Toni's a surgeon; she's just taken a job here with Memorial."
"So she's moving here. Has she found a place yet?"
Janet set the last plate in the drainer and dried her hands on a towel. She turned and looked Sam. "Actually, she's going to live here… with us."
Sam felt gut-punched; she just knew there was something more than friendship between Janet and Toni. "You're more than just friends… aren't you?"
Nervous about her friend's reaction, Janet didn't say anything, she simply nodded.
Sam couldn't help the flash of anger that accompanied the pain of knowing she'd waited too long. "You know you could be court-martialed, kicked out of the Air Force if anyone finds out," she snapped.
"You mean if you tell anyone," Janet replied, crossing her arms.
"That's really none of your business."
"It's not fair to Cassie," Sam growled. "Doesn't she have enough secrets to worry about keeping?"
Janet took a deep breath in an effort to calm herself before responding. "As a matter of fact, the decision to have Toni move in was made as family. The three of us discussed it at length during our most recent family vacation."
"But what will happen if the Air Force finds out?"
"If it ever comes down to making a choice between the Toni and the Air Force, I'll choose Toni."
Sam closed her eyes and deflated. After several long seconds she finally spoke. "I'm… jealous," she admitted in a low whisper.
"Jealous," Janet repeated quietly.
"I've been in love with you for some time."
Janet took a deep breath and let it out. "You know, if you'd told me that, up until even a few months ago, I probably would have kissed you. I was in love with you for years, Sam," she said evenly.
"You never said anything."
"No, I didn't. I'll admit I was scared to say anything. Your friendship was important to me. And there was never any indication that my feelings would be welcomed or reciprocated. So I enjoyed our friendship and let you cry on my shoulder when you broke up with Jonas, supported you as you pined away for Jack, listened to your tales of off-world liaisons with native men, watched as you became enthralled Narim, and got drunk with you when Martouf was killed." She paused. "And now you're seeing Pete."
"I broke it off with Pete. I couldn't go on seeing him knowing I was in love with you."
"I'm sorry, Sam."
Toni entered the kitchen and took in the expression on her lover's face and then one on Sam's face. "Is something wrong?" she asked as she moved to Janet's side.
"Everything's okay, honey. Go on upstairs, I'll join in you in a minute," Janet said as she gave Toni's hand a squeeze.
"Okay." With a glance as the blonde, Toni left Janet and Sam alone in the kitchen.
"Are you happy?" Sam asked.
A genuine, heartfelt smile formed on Janet's lips. "Yes, I am."
Sam didn't know what else to say, so she nodded. "I'll see you at work," she said and abruptly left. Her heart was broken, but she couldn't blame anyone but herself. All she could do was try to remember the lessons learned while on the Prometheus, and follow her heart in the future.


Banque de chine a Hong Kong.
Progetti urbani di Norman Foster.
Source: CasabellaMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Casabella 557 1989] (1).
Source: El Cronista Arquitectura,Material type: Article; Type of continuing resource: periodical Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Cronista Arq. 17 Abr. 1991] (1).
Source: Cronista ComercialSource: A & V : Monografías de Arquitectura y ViviendaSource: Architecture D'Aujourd'huiSource: Formes et StructuresMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Cronista com. May. 15 1991] (1).
Source: Cronista ComercialSource: Architecture D'Aujourd'huiMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Cronista com. 6 1991] (1).
Masque et marque. Onze maison á Camdem, Londres, G. B..
Source: Techniques et ArchitectureMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Tech et arch 390 1990] (1).
Source: ProaSource: A & V : Monografías de Arquitectura y ViviendaMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Proa 400 1991] (1).
Source: SummaMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Summa 291 1991] (1).
Source: Architectural ReviewMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Arch. Review 1131 1991] (1).
Arquitectura internacional : últimas tendencias.
Material type: Book Publisher: Barcelona : G. Gili, 1989Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: 72.036 J51ar] (1).
Source: Architecture Intérieure CreeMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Arch. Int. Cree 217 1987] (1).
Expo '92 III parte Hi-tech al estilo inglés : el pabellón británico en Sevilla, de Nicholas Grimshaw / Enrique Manuel Chardon.
Source: Cronista ComercialSource: Architecture D'Aujourd'huiSource: Architectural ReviewSource: A & V : Monografías de Arquitectura y ViviendaSource: DomusMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Cronista com. Octubre 21 1992] (1).
Source: Architectural ReviewMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Arch. Review 1129 1991] (1).
Third London airport, Stansted Terminal.
Source: A + UMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: A + U 253 1991] (1).
Source: Arquitectura VivaMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Arq. Viva 4 1989] (1).
Gemas o factorias : Foster y Rogers en punta.
Arquitecturas High-Tech. Entre la alta costura y la alta competición..
Source: DomusMaterial type: Article; Type of continuing resource: periodical Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Domus 720 1990] (1).
Centre culturel Kanak á Noumea.
Ecole de la Placette, Nimes.
Source: Techniques et ArchitectureMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Tech et arch 399 1991] (1).
Source: Techniques et ArchitectureMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Tech et arch 401 1992] (1).
Source: Techniques et ArchitectureSource: Architecture D'Aujourd'huiMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Tech et arch 401 1992] (1).
Source: CasabellaMaterial type: Article Availability: Items available for loan: Biblioteca [Call number: Casabella 577 1991] (1).
Progetti e concorsi 1989-1990 di Kenneth Armstrong.
Hubert-Jan Henket, Van Beuningen-De Vriese : Pavilion, Rotterdam.


In principle the extension is treated as a new system and registered separately.
BUT the tariff will be based on the combined capacity of the original system plus the extension.
The existing FITs registration on the original system will be unaffected.
There used to be concessions for extensions within 12 months of the original installation, but these have effectively been rescinded.
Why are the tariffs being reduced if deployment is below the threshold?
Even though contingent degression is related to the level of deployment as described here, the government has decided that there can only be two successive quarters with zero degression.
Therefore if the last two degression levels were zero, the next quarter will see degression at the default level even if deployment is below the default corridor.
Degression can only be skipped for two successive degressions, so there will be a minimum of 3.5% degression every 9 months to incentivise ongoing reductions in installation costs.
What is a community energy project?
What tariff will pre-accredited installations receive?
In general the tariff applicable when they applied for preliminary accreditation, but with one exception.
Once accredited, installations found to be eligible for preliminary accreditation, will receive the tariff that they would have received if they had accredited at the time they applied for preliminary accreditation. However, installations that are granted preliminary accreditation with an effective date in the period 1 January to 31 March each year will be eligible for the tariff that applies from the following April. Tariff lifetimes will apply from the eligibility date.
for hydro installations: relevant environmental permits from the Environment Agency or Scottish Environment Protection Agency.
What is the definition of a 'site'?
Any other factors that Ofgem considers relevant. For example, we would also consider the planning situation and any electrical or mechanical interactions between the Installations.
Some specific instances were addressed in the 2011/12 review.
How has the definition of site changed following the 2011/12 review?
hydro installations that are physically separate are not treated as a single site because of DNO constraints that do not allow them separate connections.
How would emergency 6-monthly degression operate?
This is all too complex (so let's hope it doesn't happen).
The best we can do is refer you to Box 1 on page 20 of the government's decision paper from the Phase 2B Review.
We expect that the system of annual degression will provide the basis of tariffs in the longer term. However, in order to provide additional assurance that the scheme will be able to remain within budgets in instances of extremely high deployment, we will introduce, an additional mechanism which allows a mid-year degression (the first of which could occur in October 2014) based on uptake in the first six months of the year.
Six-month deployment thresholds will be two-thirds of those for annual deployment.
Accordingly, we foresee that the six-monthly degression mechanism will only be needed in exceptional circumstances. Under ordinary deployment conditions, where a contingent degression is not required, degression will occur as normal in April only.
How are RO-linked tariffs degressed?
Tariffs in the bands set at levels equivalent to the RO will not be subject to annual degression changes unless deployment in the relevant band in the previous year is greater than 150% of the expected level. However, deployment in these bands contributes to the deployment thresholds and may therefore affect degression rates in other bands. If degression is applied to these tariffs, later years' tariffs will be determined according to the normal degression rules (i.e. were the RO equivalence in a band broken by the need for a 10% degression, normal degression rules would apply from that point on).
You want the simple answer? Tough!
we will adjust generation tariffs for these bands to levels we consider to be equivalent to the support currently available under the RO. These are calculated using a value of £44.78 per ROC, which is 1.1 times the 2012/13 buyout price. Generation tariffs from 1 April 2013 until 31 March 2017 will be set at a level equivalent to the levels of support provided under the RO to a 5MW plant as a result of the RO Banding Review. Tariffs for 2017/8 and beyond are set at the level of 2016/17. However we expect that tariffs will be reviewed before this time, particularly given the wider context of Electricity Market Reform, so this should be taken as an indicative position in the interim.
Which tariff bands will be linked to pricing under the RO?
Those tariffs for sizes up to 5MW for most RO-eligible technologies.
This approach applies to the hydro band 2-5MW and the wind band 1.5-5MW.
Although the majority of respondents to the consultation indicated a preference for the approach to degression to change once tariffs reach the financial equivalent of two Renewable Obligation Certificates [the support for solar PV under the RO], our updated analysis of PV installation costs suggests that a rate of return of nearly 8% can be achieved for large scale PV installations for a tariff considerably lower than 2 ROCs.
We have therefore decided that the degression mechanism should continue to operate when tariffs reach the equivalent of 2 ROCs, to minimise the risk of investor overcompensation and to limit the total cost of FITs support.
Are the tariff levels published following the Review now set in stone?
Generation tariffs for the largest capacity band for each technology will continue to be consistent with support under the Renewables Obligation, and will be adjusted in line with current support levels and the outcome of the RO Banding Review.
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is issued by a qualified assessor to show how energy efficient a building is. It shows the result with a rating between A and G, where A is the most efficient.
What is the RO banding review?
The Renewables Obligation (RO) supports renewable generation above 5MW (and some projects between 50kW and 5MW). It provides an incentive not in the form of a fixed tariff, like the FITs, but by awarding green certificates called Renewable Obligations Certificates or 'ROCs'.
When the RO was first introduced, all technologies received one ROC for every MWh of electricity delivered. The RO has subsequently been 'banded' with some renewable technologies, such as solar PV receiving 2 ROCs per MWh. Some (like offshore wind) get 1.5 ROCs; others still get 1 ROC; while others get less than 1 ROC.
The banding review is reassessing how many ROCs should be awarded to each technology band under the RO.
What is the REAL Code?
It is a code of conduct developed and monitored by Renewable Energy Assurance Limited, setting out good practice, which suppliers should follow when selling renewable energy systems.
Suppliers registered under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme must follow the REAL Code (or an equivalent). Because the MCS is a pre-requisite for systems up to 50kWe, or 45kWth under the Renewable Heat Incentive, suppliers of such systems should be registered under the REAL Code.
Why did the Supreme Court refuse permission for the government to appeal?
The Court believed that the Appeal Court was correct in ruling that the government's attempt to change tariff levels retrospectively was unlawful.
Permission to appeal was refused because the application does not raise an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by the Supreme Court at this time, bearing in mind that the case has already been the subject of judicial decision and reviewed on appeal.
Why did the Appeal Court rule that the government's proposed FITs changes were illegal?
The Court of Appeal upheld the Administrative Court's judgment that it is not within the power conferred on the Secretary of State by the Energy Act 2008 to reduce the tariff paid for electricity generated by small-scale solar photovoltaic generators, in respect of installations becoming eligible for payment prior to the coming into force of the modification.
This gives comfort that the government cannot change tariff levels applicable to systems installed before the new tariff levels have been approved by parliament.
What if I own more than one installation - will I be paid less?
Not unless you are in receipt of tariffs for more than 25 solar PV installations. If that is the case, you will receive a lower tariff. These lower tariffs are in the third column of the table linked here, and described in the footnotes to this table.
Does my property need to have a certain level of energy efficiency to be eligible?
Yes - but for solar PV systems only. From 1 April 2012, the property to which your solar PV system is electrically connected (or attached) must have an Energy Performance Certificate rating of D or better.
If you want to link to this website, be our guest.
If you want to gratuitously pilfer copy for your own website please note that our terms and conditions require you to do the decent thing and ask permission first!
What happens if I start earning the Feed-in Tariffs and then I move house?
A FITs registration is specific to a defined system in a specified location. It would lose eligibility if you dismantle the system and move it elsewhere.
In principle, therefore, when you move house, you have two choices. The first is to sell the system along with the house to the new occupants, who would then receive the tariffs. This is the most common option taken.
Alternatively you could in theory retain ownership of the system. In this case, you could continue to receive the generation and export tariffs, but would have to reach agreement with the new occupants about leaving your system on their roof. As part of this arrangement, you would probably allow them to have the benefit of the free electrical generation. This is a much less used option as it is difficult to set up legally.
When does the Feed-in Tariff scheme end? I heard it is April 2015?
The government's "annual budgets" for the Feed-in Tariff scheme have only been set until 2015. However, the scheme is intended to be kept open to new entrants until 31 March 2021.
What happens if I extend my system which is already receiving Feed-in Tariffs?
If the time that will have elapsed between the registering of your initial installation and the registering of your extension is less than 12 months, you will receive the tariff that prevails at the time of registration of your extension for the whole (combined) system.
If the elapsed time between registrations is more than 12 months, you will continue to receive the level of tariffs that the initial installation has always received. As for your extension, this will receive the level of tariffs that prevails at the time of registration of your extension for the combined system size.
I heard the tariffs are going down on 12 December. Am I affected?
The cut in tariffs only applies to installations registered on or after 12 December 2011. It does not apply to installations that are already receiving tariffs. If you are already receiving tariffs, you will continue to receive your current rate (going up with inflation).
If you register a system on or after 12 December 2011, you will receive the pre-December tariff until 31 March 2012, and then the reduced rate thereafter.
Note that the 12 December 2011 cut-off may be brought forward to 3 March 2012 (if the government loses its appeal against legal action being taken against it). However, it is safer to assume that the lower tariffs will be applicable from 12 December 2011.
When do the reduced PV tariffs apply?
The tariffs apply immediately to all installations registered after 31st March 2012.
However any installations after 3rd March 2012 will receive the existing tariffs only until 31st March 2012, whereafter they get the new reduced rate.
44. The new tariffs will come into force from 1 April 2012 but will apply from that date to all new PV installations with an eligibility date of on or after 3rd March 2012 (the 'reference date'). Existing generators with an eligibility date before the reference date will not be affected by the proposed change in tariffs.
45. The effect of this is that, depending on the result of the consultation, installations with an eligibility date that falls between the reference date and 31 March 2012 will receive the current tariff for that period only, and will then move to the new tariff from 1 April 2012. Those installations with an eligibility date on or after 1 April 2012 will start immediately on the new tariff.
What is meant by 'aggregated projects' to which the 'multi-installation' tariffs would apply?
It's basically where the same tariff beneficiary has more than one tariff-registered installation.
(ii) if the nominated recipient for FIT payments (where there is one) is either the FIT generator or the nominated recipient for FIT payments for any other installation.
How do I register my renewable heating system for the RHI?
The installation needs to be registered with Ofgem, the energy regulator, who has been appointed to administer the RHI.
The registration process is described here. If you are not used to dealing with Ofgem, you may find it helpful to use an expert support service.
At present some are, but the Treasury intends to remove this privilege from all equipment eligible under the Renewable Heat Incentive and the Feed-In Tariffs. There is a consultation on this issue which closes on 31st August 2011.
Why is the government limiting spending on the FITs - it's not their money?
True - the FITs are paid for by electricity users.
However it has been decreed that any spending caused by government legislation may be treated as public expenditure.
The Office of National Statistics (ONS) is the ultimate arbiter of whether a UK Government policy should be classified as tax and spend in the National Accounts. Such judgments are made independently of Government. ONS are guided internationally in their decisions, but in broad terms define mechanisms as taxes where they result in compulsory payments by an individual or organisation who does not receive a direct benefit in return. This is referred to as a "compulsory unrequited payment". This may result in a policy being classified as a tax even where money does not flow through a Government account (because the outcome is similar to Government taking in then redistributing the money).
A well-established example is the Renewables Obligation, which requires energy suppliers to purchase Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROCs) from renewables generators, or to make payments to the buy-out fund. Because energy suppliers do not receive a benefit in return, the payment they make is defined as a tax. The redistribution of these revenues (ie the revenue received by renewables generators for their ROCs) is defined as public expenditure.
It is the production of heat or electrical energy at small scale.
It is a nominally industry-led scheme to provide quality assurance for microgeneration products and installations.
Both the Feed-In Tariffs (for systems below 50kW) and the Renewable Heat Incentive (for systems below 45kWth) require that that the major equipment is product-certified and that the installers is accredited.
For MCS-accredited products see here. For accredited installers see here or, because they also have to be accredited under the REAL code, here.
What are the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and Renewable Energy Strategy (RES)?
The RED is the directive adopted by the European Union in 2009 to increase the proportion of renewable energy produced in Europe.
Each country has its target for renewable energy in 2020 averaging 20% across the whole EU.
The UK has signed up to this directive with a national target of 15% of all the UK's energy to come from renewables by 2020. The way this will be achieved is set out in the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) and the Renewable Energy Roadmap.
Are there any limits to the eligibility of solar thermal systems?
Yes sadly - solar hot water systems are only eligible up to 200kWth.
The tariff levels are also proportionately lower than other heat technologies.
Only water heating panels (flat plate and evacuated tube) are eligible; transpired collectors are not.
Solar thermal panels (liquid filled flat plate or evacuated tube solar collectors) will be eligible for support. Solar thermal installations will be eligible below 200kWth capacity only.
Additional solar thermal capacity added to an existing installation, bringing the total capacity above the tariff threshold of 200kWth, will not be eligible for the RHI. We will consider introducing support for solar installations above this scale from 2012.
Is geothermal energy supported by the scheme?
Yes geothermal heat is supported by the RHI (but geothermal power is not supported by the Feed-In Tariffs).
Deep geothermal systems, sometimes also referred to as enhanced geothermal or hot dry rocks, will be eligible for the RHI. Deep geothermal will receive the same tariff as ground source heat pumps.
Geothermal systems tend to be relatively large and there are no MCS or equivalent standards so, for the RHI, Ofgem will verify eligibility based on the documentation required from RHI applicants as part of the accreditation process.
When will bioliquids be eligible for the RHI?
Bioliquids have been excluded from the first phase, but may be included in 2012, perhaps using the criterion suggested in the original consultation that they were eligile when replacing oil-fired boilers.
Bioliquids will not be eligible for support from the outset of the RHI. We recognise there are valuable uses of bioliquids in renewable heat generation and combined heat and power, including those developed from wastes such as used cooking oil and those made from advanced technologies.
However, before we can support bioliquids in the RHI, it will be necessary to put in place a co-ordinated approach so that the supply of liquid feedstocks into the heat market does not unduly impact on other important uses, including energy and non-energy uses. An evaluation of the costs and benefits of the use of bioliquids in heat, electricity and transport is underway and this will inform the development of a co-ordinated approach to bioliquids.
Working through these complex issues will take time which means that we will not support bioliquids in 2011 but will consider them further for introduction in 2012.
When will hot air heating be eligible for the RHI?
The government has suggested they should be included in Phase 2 from 2012.
There are a number of reasons for not including these technologies from the start of the scheme, which are primarily practical. Our methodology is to meter the heat generated and pay the RHI on that basis, however, there are practical difficulties with metering direct air heating, rather than water and steam. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence of the costs of these technologies on which to base the RHI tariffs. Given they could be installed in significant numbers, we need to gather further evidence about the costs and operation of direct air heating equipment in order that we can set the correct tariff. Finally, we need to ensure we have the right strategy for supporting air to air source heat pumps specifically given that a large number are installed already for cooling (air conditioning) purposes.
When will air-source heat pumps be eligible for the RHI?
It has also indicated they will be included in the Renewable Heat Premium Payment.
Air source heat pumps will not be supported from the outset, as more work is needed to better understand the costs associated with the technology and, for air to air heat pumps, we have not yet developed a means of measuring direct air heating, as we have for water and steam. Subject to the successful conclusion of the work and affordability, we will look to extend eligibility for air to water source heat pumps from 2012.
What heat pumps will be eligible for the RHI?
Initially ground- and water-source heat pumps will be eligible, provided they have a coefficient of performance (COP) over 2.9.
Air-source heat pumps are not initially eligible, but should be later. So should heat pumps that deliver hot air.
Ground and water source heat pumps will be eligible for the RHI provided they meet certain eligibility requirements. However, air source heat pumps will not be eligible at the start of the RHI.
Eligible heat pumps will be required to have a coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.9 or above. This is to help ensure that heat pumps provide a good return in terms of renewable output and that ultimately, they represent value for money. Applicants will be required to demonstrate, to Ofgem's satisfaction, that the heat pump meets a COP of at least 2.9; this will usually be part of the equipment documentation supplied by the manufacturer.
[The 2.9 figure is a proxy for the European standard] The EU standard, given in Annex VII of the RED is based on the total useable heat delivered, the average seasonal performance factor and the efficiency of electrical generation. The Commission has committed to providing guidance on how these factors should be measured and we may review our approach once the Commission issues this guidance.
Is heat from waste eligible for the RHI?
Only if it comes from the biomass element of municipal solid waste (MSW).
Any other energy from waste is not eligible.
Heat from solid biomass contained in municipal waste will be eligible for the RHI and the solid biomass content will not have to be combusted in a separate boiler. Regardless of the RHI, such plants have to comply with waste incineration and environmental permitting legislation. For all installations Ofgem will verify RHI eligibility based on the required documentation provided by RHI applicants as part of the accreditation process, such as schematic diagrams and details about system configuration.
Although it is usually better from an environmental perspective to reuse, recycle or produce biogas from these materials, this is not always possible and combustion can offer a better option than disposal to landfill, which generates harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Due to its renewable biomass proportion, currently around half the heat produced by burning municipal waste is renewable heat.
Are all biomass boilers eligible?
No, they have to be of a type that can burn only biomass. Systems below 45kWth must be MCS-accredited.
Solid biomass will be eligible for the RHI only where that heat is generated using biomass boilers specifically designed and installed to burn biomass. Biomass boilers with a capacity of up to and including 45kWth will have to be certified under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) or equivalent scheme. For biomass boilers larger than 45kWth, Ofgem will verify eligibility based on the required documentation provided by RHI applicants as part of the accreditation process.
Will there be any reporting, inspections or other policing of the scheme?
Yes the owner will have to submit an annual declaration.
There may also be spot-checks or other inspections as described here.
To ensure Ofgem is able to monitor compliance with the conditions of the RHI, applicants will have to agree up-front that they will provide any relevant information as requested by Ofgem and allow an inspection of the installation to ensure the eligibility criteria are being met. This may be up-front as part of the accreditation process, on a regular basis (e.g. an annual declaration that the participant continues to meet all eligibility criteria) or as part of an ad hoc spot-check.
Will the systems have to be maintained?
Most renewable heat systems need maintenance to keep them operating at their best.
Maintenance is also a requirement for RHI eligibility as described here.
We need to ensure that the RHI represents value for money, with a clear return in terms of the amount of renewable energy produced for the money spent. As a condition of receiving support, participants will therefore be required to maintain their equipment to ensure it is working effectively.
Clearly, there is a natural incentive for a participant to keep their equipment maintained without any specific requirement, given it will provide their heating or be crucial to their industrial process, however we still believe there is a risk, albeit low, that some may not. There is a risk that poorly maintained equipment will be less efficient and may have a more harmful impact on the environment. We therefore believe a specific requirement is needed.
Views from stakeholders have been mixed as to what maintenance requirements should be put in place, ranging from those who felt an annual service carried out by a certified installer should be required, to those who warned against a 'one size fits all' approach, stressing that maintenance requirements varied considerably. Given the wide range of technologies, we do not think it is practical to specify in legislation a particular level of maintenance or frequency of servicing; what would be appropriate for a biomass boiler may not be for a solar thermal system. We think including such a provision risks being excessively burdensome or possibly misleading. Therefore, at this stage, we do not intend to specify a particular level of maintenance and the requirement will simply be that the equipment is maintained in line with any manufacturer instructions where available.
Participants will be required to keep any evidence of maintenance work carried out, for example, servicing receipts and to provide this evidence, on request, to Ofgem. As part of any annual declaration, a participant will also be required to declare that the equipment is maintained. Where Ofgem is concerned that the equipment is not being maintained, it can then seek further evidence and where satisfied that it is not being maintained, take appropriate action.
Is used, second-hand or converted equipment eligible?
Not at present, but this may change in the future.
Only new equipment (or where it is completed and first commissioned on or after the 15th July 2009 and the equipment was new at the point of commissioning) will be eligible for the RHI. The tariffs have been calculated on the basis of the installed costs of new equipment. While we recognise that new equipment may not always be the most efficient way of utilising a renewable resource where conversion of existing equipment is an option, we do not have sufficient evidence at present to incorporate it into the scheme. Many conversions at the large scale will be highly bespoke and it is difficult to classify what would be eligible and calculate the appropriate level of incentive. However, we will gather evidence and consider further whether and how conversion could be made eligible for the RHI in future.
If additional capacity is added after more than 12 months, how is it rated?
It is effectively treated as a new system, but in the capacity band applicable to the combined capacity of the new plus existing plant.
Where additional capacity is completed and first commissioned more than 12 months after the previous installation, the first part of the installation will continue to be treated as before. The additional capacity will be rewarded on the basis of the total capacity of the installation and will receive the current tariff level. Using the above example, the first 600kWth boiler will receive the 600kWth tariff available when it first commissioned. The second 600kWth boiler will receive the 1200kWth tariff available when it is first commissioned. In this case, the tariff lifetime of the additional capacity will start from when the additional capacity is commissioned. Each boiler will have to be metered separately so that the output of each one can be appropriately rewarded.
If additional capacity is added within 12 months, how is it rated?
Effectively it is treated as though the system had been orignally installed at the increased (combined) capacity.
Where additional capacity is first commissioned within 12 months of the commissioning date of the original installation, it will be treated as a single installation. Therefore, the total capacity of the installation will be counted for the purpose of the tariff. For example, a 600kWth biomass boiler added to another 600kWth biomass boiler within the same 12 month period, will mean that the installation will be treated as a 1200kWth installation. This means it will fall into the tariff band for the higher capacity but at the rate which applied when the first boiler was accredited. The lifetime of the installation will be determined by the date that the first boiler was first accredited. The additional capacity and the original installation will have to be metered separately.
How is capacity determined for multiple systems?
In principle when there are multiple systems of the same type at the same site meeting the same heat load, these will be treated as a single installation for the purposes of establishing the tariff band.
While the RHI applies to a wide range of sectors, the scheme will need to define an installation in order to establish the relevant capacity of the renewable heating equipment in order determine a number of eligibility criteria and tariff bands.
The RHI tariffs are banded by the type and size of renewable heating equipment; the tariffs are higher for smaller installations. Therefore, where multiple units of the same type of heating equipment are installed, there will be an incentive for the owners to claim those units as smaller individual installations rather than as one larger installation, in order to claim the higher tariff. Clearly defining what constitutes an installation is important for ensuring people do not game the system.
An RHI installation can be comprised of one or multiple units of the same heating technology connected to a common heating system.
Where multiple units of the same technology are installed within a 12 month period, their combined capacity will be considered for the purpose of the level of tariffs they receive. Different renewable technologies on a single site will be treated as separate installations in order to allow for differentiation between tariffs and certain eligibility criteria.
How is the capacity of a heating system ascertained?
In principle it is the manufacturer's rating for the maximum heat output of the system.
For the purposes of the RHI, the installation capacity will be the total installed peak heat output of the installation. Ofgem, as administrator of the scheme, will require details of installed capacity as part of the accreditation process.
Installation capacity will be simple to establish for standard equipment as it will be part of the information provided by manufacturers. For bespoke equipment it may be more difficult but the output capacity of the installation as commissioned will have to be proven to the satisfaction of Ofgem from technical evidence provided by the applicant as part of the accreditation process. Where the installed peak output capacity is provided with the equipment by the manufacturer, that will be used to rate it for the RHI.
Will replacements for existing renewable installations qualify?
Renewable heating systems that replace an existing renewable heating system will be eligible for the RHI support. Some stakeholders have claimed that owners of older installations, which are not eligible for the scheme (e.g. completed and first commissioned before 15th July 2009) would replace them, despite being fully functioning, with new installations in order to claim the RHI.
Clearly this would go against the intent of the scheme and would not represent value for money. However, this has been deemed as low risk given the up-front capital that would be required and the disruption caused. Furthermore, making replacement of renewable technologies ineligible would be difficult to enforce and would exclude those with a genuine need to replace old or failing equipment. However, we will keep this situation under review and monitor the types of installations claiming the RHI. If there is evidence that a significant number of new installations are replacing well functioning renewable heating systems, we will take action.
Is heat used for cooling eligible under the RHI?
Yes, except for cooling by heat pumps.
Heat used for cooling counts towards the renewables targets under the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and therefore, provided it meets all other eligibility criteria, it will be eligible for RHI support. Many commercial and industrial users of energy consume comparable amounts of energy for heating and for cooling. Heat can be used to provide cooling through absorption chillers; this is quite common practice in commercial and industrial uses. Therefore, cooling delivered in this way will be supported under the RHI.
However, the scheme will not support cooling generated by heat pumps, as this does not count under the RED towards our renewables targets. Only the heat element of generation from heat pumps will be eligible.
What uses of heat are not eligible?
The government has specified the principles of what is eligible. Apart from the two ineligible applications listed below, the regulator Ofgem is left to rule on what is not eligible (and may include notes of this in their guidelines).
What uses of heat are eligible?
The RHI only applies to useful heat applications and excludes the production of heat for electricity generation.
Acceptable heat uses are space, water and process heating where the heat is used in fully enclosed structures.
The only exception to this approach is for biomethane injection, where we will not specify how the biomethane should be used, given it will be injected into the existing gas grid.
Ofgem will determine what constitutes an ineligible heat use in accordance with the RHI regulations.
Why do installations commissioned before 15th July 2009 not qualify for tariffs?
The 15th July was the date when the Renewable Energy Strategy was published, and at the time the Government announced it would be the cut-off date.
We appreciate the arguments that individuals and organisations have presented for allowing installations complete before 15th July 2009 to receive support, in particular that it may discourage potential early adopters of future technologies and that the possible increase in the price of biomass caused by increased renewables take-up, may put them at a competitive disadvantage relative to those who will receive the RHI. However, given the current tight fiscal climate, the money available for the RHI must be used in the most effective way possible to help deliver new, additional renewable heat. The RHI is not a reward, it is an incentive to drive the uptake of new renewable heat; paying for something which had been installed prior to the RHI being announced would not be an effective use of public funds and cannot be justified.
It's probably of no comfort to anyone, but we think this was wrong.
If you have a good site for a solar farm or solar park, there are several ways in which you can benefit - the main alternatives are shown here.
In what is known as a 'land grab', some developers are closing as many option agreements as they can, to keep their competitors out. They may then cherry-pick the best ones to pursue and others could get sidelined. The problem from the landowner's perspective therefore may be that his land is locked up and can't be developed by anyone else (at least for a few months until the tariffs go down, and the project is no longer viable).
For this reason, we advise landowners whenever they can to take the project to planning consent themselves. If they then want to pursue a land lease option they can sign an agreement which obliges the developer to complete the project. Once they have consent, landowners can also pursue other options where they keep a share of the project.
What's the difference between a co-developer and a normal project developer?
A co-developer is an expert company, which works with a site owner or energy user to realise a renewable energy project. Normal project developers aim to install the project as principal, and may rent the land from the owner and/or provide electricity to local users.
In a co-development the project owner will retain most of the revenues generated from the Feed-In Tariffs. A normal project developer would keep all this benefit, and pay a modest rent to the landowner.
Why would the Spending Review look at tariffs?
The tariffs come from energy users not the Treasury, so are not 'public spending' as such.
However, it has been decreed (by the Audit Commission, we believe) that government must be mindful of the impact of any regulatory measure that has a financial impact on the public. Clearly the Tariffs legislation has added to the cost of energy bills, so this is something the Treasury can consider.
Several companies are now offering to install solar PV for free on residential roofs where the homeowner would then receive free electricity while the company collects the tariff income. There are several pros and cons of taking up such offers as outlined by Consumer Focus.
Is it true, local councils are banned from selling electricity?
Yes it was, under the 1976 Local Government Act. However, DECC reversed this law in August 2010.
Can I use a gas/oil boiler and a renewable heat system?
There is nothing in the proposed legislation which stops systems with fossil fuel backup being eligible under the RHI.
It has yet to be decided how this would be treated by the 'deeming' calculation, which decides the eligible output on which the tariffs will be based. In other words, your system should qualify for the designated p/kWh tariff, but you cannot yet be sure how many kWh/year will be ascribed to it, and therefore what the income will be.
The transitional arrangements for systems installed between July 2009 and April 2011 do require that the system "will be the sole fixed heating installation in the property (not counting any immersion heater that may form part of such installation)". However, it does allow these systems to alternatively use the 'final' criteria (thereby suggesting that those might be different).
Hopefully these details should become clearer when the government publishes its response to the recent consultation in the summer.
Do I get FITs if I install a new system on an old RO site?
We believed so, but we asked Ofgem, just to be sure.
The FITs Order does not discuss the building of new generating stations on the site of a previous station. Part 4 of the Order does however discuss extensions to accreditations. Assuming that the installation is completely new and not an extension to the previous generating station and that it does not utilise any residual apparatus from the previous generating station, it is unlikely that positioning a station on the site of a previous generating station would affect the eligibility of the station for FITs or that previous RO accreditation would have an impact.
Does solar energy work on a dull day?
The output of both solar electric and solar thermal panels is related to the level of radiation falling on them. Obviously the sunnier it is the better, but they will give some output whenever there is some level of solar radiation (i.e. except at night).
In the case of solar electric (PV) systems, the output is proportional to the level of light (not heat) on the panels. They are receptive to a broad spectrum of light so will produce power throughtout daylight hours. They are actually slightly more efficient at lower temperatures.
Solar thermal panels respond more to radiation at the infra-red (heat) end of the spectrum.
How easy is it to generate your own power?
Once you have your systems installed it is tremendously easy as your system will do everything automatically for you.
The more challenging bit is knowing what to install and how to do it. That is why we set up Ownergy!
What if I produce more heat than I need?
If you are lucky enough to be connected to a heat network, you can 'export' the surplus back to the network, and get paid for it – in addition to the tariff you get. So make sure you are as energy efficient as possible so you can maximise your exports.
Are there any other restrictions to the RHI?
The main criteria are the type of renewable energy, and installation date.
Systems will also have to be installed to prescribed quality standards in order to qualify (see our page on other eligibility criteria).
A few types of technology have been excluded.
When does the RHI start? Will my system qualify?
The Renewable Heat Incentive is due to come into force in 2011 for non-residential installations and October 2012 for households. See here.
All eligible systems installed from then on will certainly qualify. Many systems installed before then (but after 15th July 2009) should also qualify (but the payments won't start until the tariffs come into force, and won't be retrospective). See more details about installation dates.
Are there any size limits to the RHI?
No. Unlike the Feed-in Tariffs, the RHI has no upper or lower limit. It'll therefore apply from domestic heating systems all the way up to industrial process heat and combined heat and power. There are some exclusions for very small scale applications (like open fireplaces).
Does the RHI apply to all forms of renewable heat?
Pretty much all, see a full list of eligible energy sources.
There are some technologies for which a tariff level hasn't been proposed yet, but the consultation asks how to deal with them.
To put it simply the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) is a Government scheme which makes payments for every kilowatt-hour of renewable heat you produce. The level of the payment (the 'tariff') is laid down by the Government and can be different for different renewable energy sources. It's an innovative approach similar to the Feed-in Tariffs for electricity. The RHI also pays a tariff for biogas fed into the gas grid.
It is heat produced from a sustainable source such as solar, biomass or heat pumps. Heat from fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal is not renewable. There is a range of renewable energy sources.
The Government has not yet finally decided how it will define 'capacity' - the parameter used to define where the tariff levels are set. Logically the so-called 'declared net capacity' (DNC) should be used to allow for variations between renewable energy types.
What is tariff degression and how would it apply to my system?
The level of the tariff applicable to systems installed in the future will decrease with time, according to annual degression rates. The degression rate is used only to determine the tariff applicable to the system based on its registration date - once you've been allocated a tariff that rate would apply for the full 20 years.
Do I have to accept the 3p/unit of power exported or can I trade the electricity on the market?
You don't have to accept the fixed price; you can opt to negotiate your export price on the market. However, you will have to decide at the start of each year if you want to do this, and will then have to stick to it - you can only swap between fixed and market pricing once a year.
The Feed-In Tariffs are index-linked to the Retail Price Index (RPI). It is currently proposed that the Renewable Heat Incentive will not be index-linked. See more information on the page for durations and variations for the RHI.
The government has tried to set the tariffs for larger systems at about the same level as the RO.
The decision on which to go for will depend on your view of the administration associated with each option, and the certainty of the price you will get under each (ROC and electricity prices are both variable and can be volatile at times).
What are the arrangements for systems already registered for the RO and wanting to transfer to FITs?
Systems under 50kW and registered for the RO must transfer to the FITs.
Systems between 50KW and 5MW have the choice of whether they convert.
Systems above 5MW cannot transfer - they have to stay in the Renewable Obligation.
Can systems already registered for ROCs stay in the RO?
Only if they are above 50kW. Smaller systems will generally have to transfer to the Feed-In Tariffs.
Can the Tariffs be applied for if the company is taking part in the Carbon Reduction Commitment?
The government intends to treat energy which earns tariffs the same way as ROC-earning generation (i.e. it would not qualify as zero emissions but would have to be assigned emissions at the grid average).
The only way of getting full renewable credit under the CRC, therefore, is not to register for Feed-In Tariffs, the Renewable Heat Incentive or the Renewables Obligation.
We think this is inappropriate and are making representations accordingly.
Can builders claim FITs on installations under the Code for Sustainable Homes?
Yes they can. The government has accepted that this would be a good way of helping builders cover any additional costs in achieving Zero Carbon Buildings.
If you aren't connected to the grid, would you still receive the production aspect of the tariffs?
Yes, you will get the standard generation tariff, but can't get the extra 3p export tariff. We believe it'll still be an attractive proposition in most cases, because the avoided costs off-grid are generally higher (diesel gensets etc.).
However, if your system is DC, there's a major catch.
If I register for ROCs, can I receive the Feed-In Tariffs?
You cannot claim both Feed-In Tariffs and ROCs.
However, if you have a renewable energy system that was installed before July 2009 and was registered for the Renewables Obligation, you are eligible to switch to the Feed-In Tariffs.
How long would I get this tariff for?
The Feed-In Tariffs will be paid for a period of 20 years from the date the system is first registered, except for solar photovoltaic systems installed before 1st August 2012, where the period is 25 years. If the system doesn't last that long, of course it will stop producing kilowatt hours and no tariff will be paid.
Read detailed information on our page about durations and variations.
How much is paid for each kilowatt hour?
This varies by type and size of system - see the tariffs table to find out more.
Why are they called 'feed-in' tariffs?
Good question! This sort of tariff was first introduced in Germany in the 1990s and it applied only to power which was 'fed in' to the electricity grid. The tariffs in the UK apply to all the electricity the system produces, whether it is used on site or fed in to the grid, so it's actually a misnomer (they should really be 'production tariffs').
When do the Feed-In Tariffs start? Will my system qualify?
The Feed-In Tariffs came into force in April 2010. Any system installed after 15th July 2009 qualifies. Existing systems installed before this date will qualify only if they are under 50 kilowatts and registered for the Renewables Obligation.
Yes, the Feed-In Tariffs only apply for systems up to 5 megawatts. That's pretty big so will suit all household uses and most businesses, except for large factories.
Systems between 50kW and 5MW can alternatively choose to use the Renewables Obligations.


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text:
Q: How to handle KeyError only for some entries of the dictionary, not for all? I am building a table with data retrieved from sparql query. The problem is that some entries don't have value in the database, and when i am building the table, i get keyerror exception. How to handle the exception so that to put None in the fields where the exception is triggered? So far, the None values are being put on the whole row, but the exception exists only in one cell of that row...
The python code is below:
 for j in range(len(results['results']['bindings'])):  # effective results from database
                try:
                    data.append([[results['results']['bindings'][j][results['head']['vars'][i]]['value']] for i in
                                 range(len(results['head']['vars']))])
                except KeyError:
                    data.append([None])  # get each line sepparately

The exception KeyError happens because some entries are NULL in the database, but the code is searching for them too. How to solve it?
The actual table is below:

Here, only BatteryLife should be None, but the results are missing from the whole row.

A: I would recommend not to use list comprehension here. Code is unreadable
once you unpack your code you can proceed in different ways:

*

*check if key exists: if key in dict

*return default key: dict.get(test, None)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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POWER FOR PUMPING. Fig. 81 indicates the most feasible linkages between different energy resources and prime movers. It shows how all energy sources of relevance to small or medium scale irrigation pumping originate from renewable energy resources or from fossil fuels; the arrows then show all the routes that can apply from an energy resource to produce pumped water.