text:
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Survival Movies - The Cream of the Crop and Those That Didnt Shine
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Download Full DVD Movies Or Other Alternatives
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How To Watch A Movie While Enjoying A Meal Even When Youve Never Done It Before
Buy Movies - Redundant Or Good Choice
Top 10 Movie Muscle Cars
Students Gain Experience Through Movie Night Planning
Are Movie Download Websites Legal
A Review Of The Five Best Movies Of 2010
How To See New Movies At The Theaters For Free
Downloading Movies Online - What You Need To Consider
ซีรีย์ 2020 หนังซับไทย ดูหนังซีรีย์ออนไลน์ บาทละ เป่ายิ้งฉุบ ดูหนังใหม่ชนโรง ดูหนังดราม่า ดูซีรี่ย์บนมือถือ หนังบนมือถือ
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For example the Amarendra overpowers Pindaris and same skill was helpful and used when there will be a third part of the human and animal culture. For example and was cinemascope


text:
"""
Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
composable.
"""
from .core import Argument as Argument
from .core import BaseCommand as BaseCommand
from .core import Command as Command
from .core import CommandCollection as CommandCollection
from .core import Context as Context
from .core import Group as Group
from .core import MultiCommand as MultiCommand
from .core import Option as Option
from .core import Parameter as Parameter
from .decorators import argument as argument
from .decorators import command as command
from .decorators import confirmation_option as confirmation_option
from .decorators import group as group
from .decorators import help_option as help_option
from .decorators import make_pass_decorator as make_pass_decorator
from .decorators import option as option
from .decorators import pass_context as pass_context
from .decorators import pass_obj as pass_obj
from .decorators import password_option as password_option
from .decorators import version_option as version_option
from .exceptions import Abort as Abort
from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage as BadArgumentUsage
from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage as BadOptionUsage
from .exceptions import BadParameter as BadParameter
from .exceptions import ClickException as ClickException
from .exceptions import FileError as FileError
from .exceptions import MissingParameter as MissingParameter
from .exceptions import NoSuchOption as NoSuchOption
from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
from .formatting import HelpFormatter as HelpFormatter
from .formatting import wrap_text as wrap_text
from .globals import get_current_context as get_current_context
from .parser import OptionParser as OptionParser
from .termui import clear as clear
from .termui import confirm as confirm
from .termui import echo_via_pager as echo_via_pager
from .termui import edit as edit
from .termui import getchar as getchar
from .termui import launch as launch
from .termui import pause as pause
from .termui import progressbar as progressbar
from .termui import prompt as prompt
from .termui import secho as secho
from .termui import style as style
from .termui import unstyle as unstyle
from .types import BOOL as BOOL
from .types import Choice as Choice
from .types import DateTime as DateTime
from .types import File as File
from .types import FLOAT as FLOAT
from .types import FloatRange as FloatRange
from .types import INT as INT
from .types import IntRange as IntRange
from .types import ParamType as ParamType
from .types import Path as Path
from .types import STRING as STRING
from .types import Tuple as Tuple
from .types import UNPROCESSED as UNPROCESSED
from .types import UUID as UUID
from .utils import echo as echo
from .utils import format_filename as format_filename
from .utils import get_app_dir as get_app_dir
from .utils import get_binary_stream as get_binary_stream
from .utils import get_text_stream as get_text_stream
from .utils import open_file as open_file

__version__ = "8.2.0.dev0"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Electrodynamics: Home
Citing Source & Style Manuals
Online Technical Reports
Welcome to the Electrodynamics Subject Guide. This guide will help you research topics related to Electrodynamics. Start with the tabs above to find books, articles, websites, and other relevant resources. If you have any questions or need help researching a topic, drop me a line, and I'll try to help you out.
Gad and Birgit Rausing Library is a multi-disciplinary library serving the faculty, students, researchers, and staff of the university. It is providing qualityinnovative services to its' patrons.
Library facilitates LUMS faculty's access to online plagiarism detection and management software i-e Turnitin. Library also provides similarity report and certificate according to HEC rules for final thesis and projects. For similarity Index reports and certificates contact:
similarity@lums.edu.pk (8.30 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.)
REDC Hosts Executive Development Programme for GENCO
The Rausing Executive Development Centre (REDC) conducted a three-weeklong Executive Development Programme for a group of senior executives from Power Generation Companies (GENCO) and GENCO Holding Company Limited. Divided into three sessions carried out from June 27-July 2, July 4-7, and July18-22, the programme created an immersive learning experience, equipping executives in strategic positions to develop and enhance the skills necessary for progress in today's competitive world. The programme was directed by Drs. Arif N. Butt and Shakeel Sadiq Jajja, and joined in teaching by Zehra Waheed, Jawad Syed, Anjum Fayyaz, and Muhammad Junaid Ashraf. Participants experienced learning through a mix of interactive case discussions, exercises, simulations, group work and discussions. Instructors emphasised the need to embrace changing corporate realities and develop new skills necessary to sustain the workflow during challenging times.
LUMS Alum Represents Pakistan at the Global Peace Summit 2022
Sachan (BSc Accounting & Finance 2021) represented Pakistan at the Global Peace Summit 2022. The summit gathers young people from more than 35 countries in Baku to speak about global problems, post-war peace opportunities, personal peace initiatives, and took part in panel discussions. He was the only fully funded delegate from Pakistan. For Sachan, imagining a life beyond the boundaries of his hometown Kunri, in interior Sindh, was never possible. "I was always in self-doubt because I was mocked at school for my darker complexion and for being underweight. My father for the sake of us siblings moved to metropolitan cities for better academic and social opportunities. Standing up for myself and minorities in Pakistan was something that I learned very late in life. As a child, I avoided engaging in conversations related to diversity and inclusivity."
NED Alumni Association Establishes Scholarship Fund for MBA Students
In the spirit of giving back and honouring their LUMS experience, NED Alumni Association of Houston, Texas, has established a scholarship fund to support the studies of one MBA student at LUMS. This scholarship, set up by the association representing a group of NED graduates based in Houston, will be offered to students who have completed their undergraduate degree from NED University of Engineering and Technology. The criteria is that the student must qualify for an interest-free loan under the LUMS Financial Aid Programme and have received an unconditional offer of admission from the Suleman Dawood School of Business (SDSB) at LUMS for enrolment into the MBA programme.
Find Academic Calendar Here..
Imran Siddique
URL: https://libguides.lums.edu.pk/c.php?g=909940

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The White House 2014 budget does not have any funding for horse slaughter inspection. There is no money available to inspect horse meat under the Federal Meat Inspection Act, the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act, or the Code of Federal Regulations. This will prevent the slaughter of horses for human consumption in this country.
There has been a ban on horse slaughter in this country since 2006, but a rider that prevented the USDA from financing the inspection of horse meat was let expire in 2011. Horse meat has been in the news since a European scandal this winter which revealed that horse DNA was found in some products labeled beef that were sold in the UK and other countries.
The problem with horse meat is that the animals can be drugged with hormones and other chemicals such as phenylbutazone, or "bute", which are not approved for human consumption. Bute can cause aplastic anemia in human beings. Anabolic steroids and gestagenic steroids can also be present in horse meat.
Two weeks ago, the state of Oklahoma approved processing horse meat for export. Governor Mary Fallon stated that she signed the law to prevent inhumane handling of horses that are sent to other countries for slaughter. But the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) says that horse slaughter is "inherently inhumane" and has worked to prevent horse slaughterhouses from reopening in this country. That agency applauded the President's action.
Horse slaughter is voluntary ( the plants pay for inspection) therefore tax money is not needed to kill these animals the money comes from the of those who eat horsemeat .
Actually, the slaughtering of any animal for human consumption in this country is a federally regulated process. Horse meat will be shipped across state lines, which brings it under the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause. Please see this information from the Animal Welfare Institute.
I worked at the Bar S Feed Lot in Shelby, Mt where upwards of 3,000 horses, ponies and mules are held, awaiting slaughter in Canada. Not only is the slaughter inhumane but the treatment of those animals is terrible at the Feed Lot. I worked three months gathering information to try to get help for these animals. Please look up The Bar S Feed Lot in Shelby, Montana and read what happened to some of thier horses. Please ban the slaughter of horses in America and make it illegal to transport horses across the boarder for slaughter. Now there is a market for foal meat and pregnate mares are kept in a separate field to foal. Once the foal is 6 months old the mare and her foal are slaughtered. The foal meat goes to Italy. With the economy being as it is I have seen many a Registered mare and foal go for slaughter. Truely sickening!!!!
My husband and I rode an Amtrak train past the Shelby Montana facility in June 2013 and saw these horses awaiting deportation for slaughter. If other officials could see this it might change some minds. As one other person said, "this country was built on the back of the horse." It is truly against nature and decency to kill a horse for meat.
I have sent letters to everyone in my state on the H.R. 1094 and the S. 541 and have not gotten any positive feed back from anyone only that they will keep my fears in mind if the bill does come up. My fears that we will end up finding toxic horse meat mixed in with our meat products more so when all these horse slaughter plants open in the USA. The USDA does not have the funds to inspect the meat we do eat so why should the American people pay for meat inspection on a animal that we don't eat?
men, women, and children, of foreign nations…or not to poison them! really? if foreign nations want to poison their own people for a buck…then let them! we all know horse slaughter is the most horrific form of animal torture, and must be stopped! the biggest problem in this country is NO ONE is held accountable for their actions or in actions! if you own or buy a horse, then you know the expenses involved..and your obligation to care for that animal! in this day and age with thousands of people eating organic, going green, and fighting to have gmo's removed from OUR food supply… it has to make you realize….it is ONLY about the money! we need to contact foreign media outlets…and have them ask our government…why? the E U has banned horsemeat from the U.S.A.. I wonder what will happen when they finally put 2 & 2 together and realize that they have been eating our tainted horsemeat all along… and our politicians have been turning a knowing blind eye! GOD help our horses and us!
We must keep the initiative going and send as much as we can to our elected officials and President Obama. I was on another comment thread discussing Jerry Finch's "Rant & Rave" article. He is always writing very informative and motivating articles. This one, as the title implies, is about how tired we all are with the corruption and greed in our elected officials and their connection to the special interests that buy and control them. That if we truly want to change something, we must be relentless and tireless in our demands and requests for change. The consensus from people commenting were of frustration and anger. That no matter how many times we call, write, email, fax, etc., it seems to fall on deaf ears. I can relate to some of their responses. But, we have to stand strong in our beliefs, continue to speak often and loud, and to most of all combine and unite our voices to send a serious and powerful message that we will not go away and that we demand change in how our government operates. We can also choose to boycott the companies that are trying to control us and our elected officials. Enough is enough!!
I have always said they don't care how many people they poison as long as they make a buck.
Here is the first warning to a horse killer from the FDA for falsified EID and the horse was positive for bute.
In a recent survey, 96% of respondents said they used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control the joint pain and inflammation in horses, and 82% administer them without always consulting their veterinarian. More than 1,400 horse owners and trainers were surveyed to better understand attitudes toward NSAIDs, in a project sponsored by Merial, the maker of Equioxx (firocoxib).
I hope everyone will encourage their representatives to not only pass the budget with the defunding of horse slaughter but also support the SAFE Act, HR. 1094 and S.541. to ban slaughter legally. Here in New Mexico a plant is still trying to open and we are fighting hard to stop it. Not only is the toxic nature of horse meat an issue, but horse slaughter is the most barbaric form of slaughter imaginable. We don't want it in this state and we hope it is banned nationally. Horses are companions, work mates, and this country was built on the horse's back. This is no way to treat them.
This country was built on the horse's back and everyone I talk to is completely against horse slaughter which is a very barbaric form of slaughter. Please support the SAFE Act, HR 1094 and S.541 to ban slaughter legally!


A cutting edge day-to-night legging crafted from smooth faux leather with a slim fit. Style the formfitting pair with a lightweight sweater and embellished booties.
Center front zipper with hook-and-bar closure.
Self: Faux leather - polyurethane face, polyester, spandex back.
Contrast: Ponte - rayon, nylon, spandex.
Lining: Stretch poplin - cotton, nylon, spandex.


When the dress uniforms are pressed, make sure the uniforms are inside out so that the creases are inverted when you put it on. Jumper and trousers are NEVER creased from the outside. ALWAYS turn the jumper and trousers wrong-side out as shown below.


The University of Exeter have announced a new BEng Engineering and Entrepreneurship programme which gives international students the chance to launch a business and stay in the UK after graduation.
The new course, which is designed for engineers with a passion for business, will see students be able to pitch their ideas to a panel of experts. Winners will secure themselves university sponsorship for a Tier 1 visa to stay in the UK and develop their business idea after graduation. Entry requirements are AAA-ABB or equivalent and applicants are also eligible for Global Excellence Scholarships of up to £8,000.
86% of engineering graduates from Exeter are in professional occupations or graduate-level further study within six months of graduating (DLHE). If you are interested in learning more about studying at Exeter, or anywhere else in the UK, get in touch with SI-UK Qatar today.


text:
Ann Hughes's paper to the Dugdale Society's Conference held on 16th May, 2021 on the subject of studies of counties during her academic career
May 18, 2021 May 18, 2021 ~ freerein61
I spent part of yesterday morning watching and listening in to Ann Hughes's comments on the transformation of county studies in the period up to and including the English Civil War during the course of her academic career. She had been an undergraduate and then a postgraduate at Liverpool University where she completed a doctoral thesis on Warwickshire before moving on to the Open University, to Manchester university and then to Keele University where she occupied a professorial chair until her retirement. In the course of her talk, she paid tribute to the influence of the late Brian Quintrell and reflected on the evolution of county studies since the 1960s.
Early work tended to be focused on the role of the gentry within counties, work that illuminated the lives of the gentry as a landed elite and which contributed to understanding the administrative, constitutional and political activities of local governors within such a framework. J.T.Cliffe's work on the Yorkshire gentry was a good example of the first kind and Tom Barnes's study of Somerset between 1625 and 1642 exemplified the second. Her slightly older contemporary, Robin Silcock (like Brian Quintrell's unpublished study of Essex) evaluated the record of King Charles I's period of personal rule and how this contributed to the causes of the English Civil War.
Hughes herself was less influenced by localist approaches emphasising the introspection of county communities and the importance of local interests reacting to central pressures. Alan Everitt's work on Kent was of this kind but rather less important to her than David Underdown's study of Pride's Purge. She did not believe that a rigid central-local analysis was helpful and, in any case, there were areas within counties where the focus would not necessarily be on the gentry. The work of John Walter and others on popular politics and culture suggested interaction between different social groups. These contrasting approaches, she believed had resulted in a victory for her contemporaries amongst historians as the collection published by Jackie Eales and Andrew Hopper in 2012 showed.
The focus of county studies had now changed. There was more attention now to the consequences of the civil war, on, for example, casualties, on memories, and on trauma as the work of David Appleby and Andrew Hopper at Leicester showed. She did, however, have some doubts about the level of casualties in the period and thought that the exhilaration and excitement of a radicalised revolution needed to be taken into account. Like other historians too, she had move on beyond 1660. There had been important work by Simon Osborne on popular politics in the midland counties, on cultural differences – most importantly by Mark Stoyle under the inspiration of Underdown, on communications, personal relationships and religion. Peter Lake's works on Northamptonshire with Isaac Stephens and, later with Richard Cust, on Cheshire testified to this change and to an interest in micro-history.
But the most stimulating way in her view of looking at the Civil war lay in the notion of state formation: this had been little noticed in the 1970s and 1980s but Michael Braddick's work had brought it to wider attention. State formation had been driven by internal conflicts rather than by foreign wars. This had occurred at a time of political fragmentation and was recorded in the growth of self-conscious documentation. Warwickshire was particularly well-documented at county, city and parish level as local communities responded to the demand of central authority, i.e. of Parliament. Their accounts and reports were shaped by local concerns nonetheless as the bills from one of Coventry's parishes showed.
She was now looking at the ambiguities of the wartime English state where the records illustrated the cost to local inhabitants of free quarter for soldiers, of damage to the environment, e.g. in the loss of trees, and how narratives of the conflict would be made richer. Individuals' senses of identity had been affected as the experiences of George Medley, gardener, civilian and soldier, showed: he had been employed as a gardener before becoming a relatively well-paid soldier. Ann Hughes was now involved in working with Andrew Hopper on the Greville family accounts and on the evidence they provided for consumption and household links.
In answer to questions, Ann Hughes elaborated on some of the points she had made earlier. She was now working on the Gell family of Hopton in Derbyshire and the archive of sermon notes they had kept over three generations. A book, moreover, on the career of the 2nd Lord Brooke would, in her view, be extremely useful. As far as Alan Everitt's work was concerned, his assessment on the politics of Kent reflected the view of the centre: he had too readily considered the county as cohesive and had been unable to accept that the late-1648 petition demanding justice against the King was genuine. In fact, as Jackie Eales had shown, it was associated with a radical group in the county. William Dugdale's work on Warwickshire was, however interesting and multi-faceted it proved to be, the partisan account of a Tory Royalist looking back at the events of the Civil War. Her conclusion was that, in the 1640s and 1650s, roles could be blurred and identities become fragmented.
I found this talk very interesting and certainly concur in thinking that Brian Quintrell was a much under-recognised and important figure in early modern historiography. In one sense, studies of counties initially grew out of the ancient controversy over the fortunes of the gentry as an arena in which competing hypotheses could be tested as the studies by Joyce Mouseley, Gordon Blackwood and others showed. Like Ann Hughes, I found Alan Everitt's 1968 study of Kent as an illustration of provincial insularity and localism improbable: no such phenomenon could be found in medieval Kent. But it did have some appeal and, to a degree, influenced the study of the Eastern Association by Clive Holmes: John Morrill's study of Cheshire was, in part, a response to it. Where I differ from her analysis can be found in two unmentioned gaps in her analysis. It did not touch upon the collapse of the 'good old cause' by 1660, on the divisions that grew between the military victors themselves and on the failure of post-1646 regimes to secure widespread consent to their rule. More important still is the point that the post-1660 Stuart regimes were not, in my view, effectively engaged in state formation: they were fiscally and militarily weak by comparison with France or even with the Dutch, a weakness only remedied after 1688/1689. She is, of course, entitled to express her view as, indeed, am I.
Christopher Thompson 2021.christhomps84388@aol.com
‹ PreviousInside and Outside Academic Life
Next ›Review: The New York Times 1619 Project and the Racialist Falsification of History- David North & Tom Mackaman-Mehring Books-$24.95


text:
Q: Can I programmatically include an argument in a bash script? I have a bash script that uses ffmpeg inside it. I want to be able to pass my script a parameter that, if set, adds a parameter to the ffmpeg command inside my script.
At it's most basic, this is what I'm trying to do:
ffmpeg \
# if duration flag is set for my script #
-t $DURATION \
# end if #
-rest of ffmpeg parameters...

I know I could wrap the whole thing in an if, but the ffmpeg command has a lot of other parameters that would then need to be kept updated in two places.
Is this possible?

A: Replace
-t $DURATION \

by
$([[ -n "$DURATION" ]] && echo -- "-t $DURATION") \

A: You could use an array to store the dynamic parameters:
if [ some test ]
then
   args+=(-t "$DURATION")
fi

ffmpeg "${args[@]}" -rest of ffmpeg parameters...

You could also use an unquoted variable instead of an array in this case, but that wouldn't hadle arguments with whitespace or glob characters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As the Obama Administration continues to try to present the "zero option," ending the Afghan occupation at the end of 2014, as a real thing in the hopes of coaxing better terms out of President Hamid Karzai, the Pentagon seems determined to undercut them by reiterating at every opportunity that it isn't really an option.
Pentagon officials today offered a report to Congress saying that they had entirely rejected the "zero option" and that they intend to continue to provide "substantial" long-term military support to the Afghan government.
The report centered primarily on "training" and funding for the huge Afghan military, which because of widespread attrition is constantly bursting at the seams with huge numbers of untrained recruits.
It's clear however that the Pentagon very much envisions military operations continuing into 2015 beyond just throwing money and trainers at the problem. And while the report included its obligatory claims of "progress" on the ground it underscored that vision by reiterating the insurgents' significant capabilities, also expected to last well beyond 2014.
Afghanis must throw the war criminals out because they want many bases in Afghanistan to continue their war criminal activities and partition Afghanistan. One of the Tajik officials in Afghanistan said: We are tellying US, over our death bodies. Fu*k off from Afghanistan.
region must be united against US military and its war crimes. Enough is enough.
In plain English, we are in Afghanistan to stay, one way or other.
Look: Germany is a democratic country, so is Italy and England and and and…, but USA militarism regime still occupying them for last 60 years.
Since when does the military get to reject the orders of the civilian high command?
"Pentagon officials today offered a report to Congress saying that they had entirely rejected the "zero option" and that they intend to continue to provide "substantial" long-term military support to the Afghan government"
Very impressive. Perhaps the Pentagon could cite the Constitutional authority for this rejection?
I'm pretty sure that what the Pentagon is saying is what the Administration is saying behind the curtain. Any mumbling to the press about a zero-option is a red-herring. They have no intention of pulling all the troops out…it's just talk to temp the progressives into believing they're serious – they aren't. Obama has used seemingly complete statement reversals from the Pentagon numerous times. If the statements made by the Pentagon were actually adversarial to the Administrations positions, there would have been resignations/dismissals. It's all part of managing the message – and the press, such as it is.


text:
4. 11. 16 by June Javelosa
/Hard Science
Infertile Mice Give Birth—Thanks to 3D Printed Ovaries
We have entered the era of the 3D printed prosthetic ovary.
/ Hard Science/ 3 D Printing/ Bioprosthesis/ Infertility
Image by SHELLY FAN
The Newest Fertility Treatment
What's the newest method for treating infertility? 3D printing.
It seems there is no end to what 3D printing technology can create. This time, a group of scientists from Northwestern University managed to print a fully functional ovary that they implanted into mice that had their ovaries removed.
The team produced the ovaries from material similar to jello combined with living cells. Not only did the 3D printed ovaries allow the mice to resume their monthly cycle, they also managed to successfully give birth.
Egg cell under the microscope. Image credit: Shutterstock.com
The process is explained in the press release, "The researchers used a 3D printer to create a scaffold to support hormone-producing cells and immature egg cells, called oocytes. The structure was made out of gelatin – a biological material derived from the animal protein collagen. The scientists applied biological principles to manufacture the scaffold, which needed to be rigid enough to be handled during surgery and to provide enough space for oocyte growth, blood vessel formation and ovulation."
While the study was conducted on mice, researchers have every intention of expanding it one day to develop a way to create an ovary bioprosthesis for women. This could restore fertility to women who survived cancer, a disease which raises the risk of infertility as adults, or help women who suffer from a host of other diseases and conditions.
"One of the biggest concerns for patients diagnosed with cancer is how the treatment may affect their fertility and hormone health," said lead study author Monica M. Laronda, PhD, a postdoctoral research fellow at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. "We are developing new ways to restore their quality of life by engineering ovary bioprosthesis implants."
The materials used in the experiments are currently already used in humans, applied with a scalable 3D printing method and manufacturing techniques inspired by human biology.
Buck Like Funnies
This Plastic Bunny Has DNA Explaining How to Make More Bunnies
3D Printed Sugar Scaffolds Could Help Grow Organs, Then Dissolve Away
What NASA's First 3D Printed Rocket Parts Mean for the Space Launch System
Engineers Have Found a Way to 3D Print Super Strong Aluminum
NASA Wants to Use 3D-Printed Parts for Future Rocket Engines
More on Hard Science
Scientists Build Working Tractor Beam, Although It's Comically Tiny
Having a Blast
New Study Shows Where You Should Hide to Survive a Nuclear Attack
Offworld Amino
Scientists Find Building Blocks of Life in Meteor That Smashed Into Family's Driveway
READ MORE STORIES ABOUT / Hard Science


The Suzuki Bluesmaster in G Diatonic Harmonica is a diatonic harmonica, in the key of G, featuring an ABS plastic comb, with brass alloy reeds, and a polished stainless steel finish. The SUZUKI Bluesmaster Harp is an extremely reliable instrument with a warm and soft sound. Its excellent workmanship gets it a special instrument; for beginners and also professionals. The caps are made out of sturdy stainless steel and protect the inner of the harp from coarse damage. Especially for making Blues-Music this harp finds utilization.
*Image may not show correct key of instrument as advertised!


text:
Volume 311: symposium o – phase transformations in thin film...
Published on behalf of Materials Research Society
URL: /core/journals/mrs-online-proceedings-library-archive
< Back to all volumes
Symposium O – Phase Transformations in Thin Films–Thermodynamics and Kinetics
M. Atzmon, A.L. Greer, J.M.E. Harper, M.R. Libera
Volume 311 - 1993
Reactions in Metal-Metalloid Multilayers
Robert Sinclair, Toyohiko J. Konno
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011, 3
We have studied the reactions at metal-metalloid interfaces using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, including in situ observation, and differential scanning calorimetry. There is contrasting behavior depending on the affinity for interaction or segregation. For reactive systems, compound formation ultimately results, but this can be preceded by solidstate amorphization. For non-reactive systems, crystallization of the metalloid is often achieved with nucleation and growth mediated by the metal phase.
Structural Properties of Anisotropic PtCo(001) and PtFe(001) Thin Films on MgO(001)
Bruce M. Lairson, Mark R. Visokay, Sean B. Brennan, Robert Sinclair, Bruce M. Clemens
We report structural properties of PtFe and PtCo intermetallic compounds with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a preferred c-axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane, formed from initially epitaxial multilayers. These materials represent particular cases of a more general class of anisotropic magnetic compounds with the CuAu(1) natural superlattice structure. They possess high magneto-optic Kerr rotations and magnetizations, suggesting them as likely candidates for magneto-optic and perpendicular magnetic recording media.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of CoPt(001) and FePt(001) Films Formed from Epitaxial Co/Pt and Fe/Pt Multilayers
MR.M. Visokay, BM.B. Lairson, B.B. Clemens, R. Sinclair
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011, 15
Transmission electron microscopy was performed on epitaxial Fe/Pt and Co/Pt [001] oriented multilayers that were sputter deposited onto single crystal [001] MgO. Films were examined as-deposited and after annealing in vacuum. Before annealing, the films had a magnetic easy axis in the plane while after annealing the easy axis was out of the plane. Perpendicular anisotropies of 8× 106 erg/cm3 and 1.9x 107 erg/cm3 were measured for the Fe/Pt and Co/Pt post-annealed films. Large magneto-optic Kerr rotations were also measured, 0.6° and 0.4° for the Fe/Pt and Co/Pt annealed films, respectively. Changes in the magnetic properties were a direct result of the transformation of the multilayer into c axis oriented FePt and CoPt intermetallic compounds upon annealing.
Formation of Sic Films on Silicon Field Emitters
Jiang Liu, U. T. Son, A. N. Stepanova, K. N. Christensen, G. W. Wojak, E. I. Givargizov, K. J. Bachmann, John J. Hren
Thin films of silicon carbide have been formed on silicon field emitters by chemical reaction with ethylene (C2H4) at temperatures of 850 to 950°C using ethylene gas pressures up to 5×10-3 Torr. By controlling the reaction time and temperature, we have made SiC coatings of from ∼20 A thickness to complete transformation of tips to SiC (1-2 μm). The electron diffraction pattern of the SiC layers show the expected 20% lattice mismatch with silicon and, for those emitters completely transformed, a polycrystalline 3C-SiC polytype was identified. The small radius of curvature was maintained for both the coated and completely transformed tips, although some defects and surface roughness was introduced during the treatments.
Morphology and Phase Metastability in the Al/Cu Thin Film Reaction.
E. D. McCarty, S. A. Hackney
The initial stages of the reaction between thin Al grains with an average diameter of 2 × 10−5mand sputter deposited, nanocrystalline Cu films has been studied in plan view using in situ transmission electron microscopy. At high reaction rates, the phase transformation in the Al grain resulting from the interdiffusion process is found to exhibit metastable growth morphologies characterized by negative curvature at the growth interface. The crystal structure of the initial phase formed in the Al grain under relatively high reaction rates is a metastable, orthorhombic distortion of the equilibrium body centered tetragonal θ phase. The distortion is found to vary with Al grain surface orientation. The degree of metastability can be experimentally correlated with the kinetics of the interdiffusion process as controlled by diffusion barrier thickness.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Thick Copper-304 Stainless Steel Multilayers
M. A. Wall, T. W. Barbee, Jr., T. Weihs
Thick (10 to 25 μm), free-standing, equal layer thickness, Copper(Cu)-304 Stainless Steel(SS) multilayer foils, having periods of lnm to 100 nm, synthesized by magnetron sputter deposition, have been examined by plan view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Multilayer growth morphology, individual layer structure and crystallographic phase orientation relationships were characterized in this study. Electron Energy Loss filtered imaging of a 20 nm period multilayer cross-section was also performed and showed that nickel had diffused into the Cu layers from the SS during synthesis. X-ray powder diffraction scans were performed and analyzed. A pure deposit of 304SS was synthesized and had a metastable BCC structure. Multilayer samples having periods of 20 nm were found to have a coherent layered Cu(FCC)- SS(FCC) structure. At larger periods (50 & 100 nm) a bimodal Cu(FCC)-SS(FCC & BCC) structure was formed. These observations show that the 304SS will grow with a metastable BCC structure when sputter deposited. When layered with Cu(FCC) the 304SS has its equilibrium FCC structure at layer thicknesses up to 10nm as a result of epitaxy with the copper. At larger SS layer thicknesses the SS appears to locally transform to the metastable BCC structure during synthesis, refining the grain structure of the depositing SS layer and the subsequent Cu layer. This transformation significantly increases the strength of the larger period multilayer.
Phase Formation in a Wedged Au-Ag-Cu Multilayered Structure
I. Goldfarb, E. Zolotoyabko, D. Shechtman
An advanced method for investigation of multicomponent systems is proposed. Thin wedged-shape films of pure components are subsequently deposited to form a multilayered structure with continuously-varying composition as a function of sample location, providing a large number of differently composed samples in one deposition run. Each sample is then subjected to various heat treatments, and phase content as well as the microstructure formed is under investigation.
In this study an Au-Ag-Cu multilayered structure was sputtered at a room temperature onto 55 Formvar-coated Mo grids. The satellite-like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of these samples revealed the formation of an artificial composition-modulated ternary superlattice, complete destruction of which was observed during heat treatments, where phase formation according to the ternary Au-Ag-Cu phase diagram took place.
Several aspects of phase formation were analyzed using XRD, Electron Probe for Micro- Analysis (EPMA) in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) combined with Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), Digital X-Ray Mapping (DXM), Secondary Electron Mapping and EPMA methods.
The Reactivity of Thin Titanium Films Towards Aluminum and the N-O-N Insulator Stack, and its Effects on the Composition and Properties of Voltage Programmable Links*
Edward F. Gleason, Simon S. Cohen, Peter W. Wyatit
A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) voltage programmable link (VPL) has been fabricated that relies on the breakdown of a thin nitride - oxide - nitride (N-O-N) plasma deposited insulator stack. The metal electrodes were prepared by depositing a titanium layer (400 Å) on top (or bottom) of 7500 Å Al ( 1% Si). The resulting metallization resists hillock formation during thermal anneal steps and thus preserves the integrity of the thin link dielectric. The breakdown voltage is typically 10 volts for a 100 Å-150 A-100 Å NON stack. Sintering at temperatures up to 425°C results in a negligible increase in breakdown voltage. After sinter at 455°C, the breakdown voltage drops to 6 volts and continues to decrease with further sintering. Auger depth profiles of the as-deposited sample indicate the N-O-N stack is intact and the titanium has also not reacted with the aluminum film. After sinter at 455°C no distinct interfaces are observed in the auger depth profile. Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) of the nitride film after deposition and sinter indicate that the nitride film reacts with the titanium to form titanium nitride or titanium silicide. Angle resolved measurements indicate the titanium concentration has increased by a factor of 5 throughout the film as compared to the as-deposited sample. These results explain the observed drop in breakdown voltage since the insulator is being consumed and being converted into conducting titanium nitride or titanium silicide.
Grain Boundary Diffusion Controlled Precipitation as a Model For thin Film Reactions
K. Barmak, K.K. Coffey
In order to arrive at a model for nucleation in the reaction of polycrystalline thin films, we have made use of a transport model that combines atom transport across interface reaction barriers with transport along grain boundaries. Through this transport model, the boundary chemical potential, μIi, and a characteristic length Li for each specie are defined. Li and the ratio of grain size to Li determine the spatial variation and the time evolution of the boundary chemical potential respectively. Nucleation of the product phase is modeled as a process whose driving force is determined by these position dependent (and time dependent) boundary chemical potentials. Thus thin film reactions become similar to precipitation from bulk homogeneous supersaturated solid solutions. Numerical calculations, however, show that boundary diffusion results in low "effective" driving forces for nucleation which can lead to heterogeneous nucleation of even the first phase. The model provides a new approach to phase selection by re-evaluation of the driving force and considers the effect of product and reactant grain structure to be fundamental to the reaction process.
Mechanisms of Transition Metal Diffusion into Semiconductor Film
M. G. Goldiner, A. V. Vaysleyb
Descriptions of metal (Me) diffusion into semiconductor (Se) film by diffusion-kinetic and purely kinetic methods were compared. To analyze thin film diffusion, thin film surfaces were considered as a substantial source/sink of point defects. Conditions of transition from one Me diffusion transport mechanism/regime to another, when Se sample thickness is changed, were found to be practically the same in both considerations. Critical Se film size, dislocation density, and temperature of diffusion mechanisms and regimes coincide, providing a correct interpretation of the experimental results in terms of the corresponding diffusion mechanism.
Mechanism of Intermetallic Phase Formation in thin Liquidsolid Diffusion Couples
F. Bartels, T. Muschik, W. Gust
Thin interconnection layers entirely consisting of intermetallic phases have been produced by joining planar Cu substrates coated with thin films of Sn. The thin layers of intermetallic phases are produced at low temperatures (<300°C) and short reaction times (5-120 s) in a process similar to reflow soldering by a liquid-solid reaction between Sn and Cu. Metallographic methods and X-ray analysis have been used to characterize the initial stages of the formation of the intermetallic phases. The reaction to form intermetallic phases via Cu dissolution and diffusion in the liquid Sn is very fast in the first 10-15 s when the liquid Sn is in contact with the Cu substrate along channels of liquid Sn between grains of the intermetallic phases. The stability of these narrow channels of liquid Sn is discussed in terms of the wettability of different types of grain boundaries in the textured layer of intermetallic phases.
Metastable Phase Formation by Interdiffusion
W.W. Johnson
The formation and growth of an amorphous phase or other metastable phases during interdiffusion reactions in metals has been the subject of much study during the past decade [1-4]. The thermodynamic and kinetic factors which control phase selection and growth during the evolution of a binary diffusion couple are of particular interest. Amorphous phase formation in binary A/B diffusion couples has been shown to be favored in systems satisfying several themodynamic and kinetic criteria. First, the free energy of formation of the amorphous phase from the reactants must be negative. This provides the thermodynamic driving force to form the amorphous phase. In general, this condition is best satisfied in cases where the crystalline metals A and B have a negative heat of mixing in the amorphous phase [1,2,4]. On the other hand, the formation of simple crystalline solid solutions of the parent metals should be relatively unfavorable. Thus amorphous phase formation occurs generally in systems for which crystalline terminal solid solutions are restricted. In such binary systems, it is generally true that other crystalline intermetallic phases exist which have lower free energies than the amorphous phase and thus a larger thermodynamic driving force for growth during interdiffusion. As such, additional kinetic constraints must be present which suppress the nucleation and/or growth of the competing crystalline intermetallic phases [2,4].
Evolution of Gd Thin Film Structure Due to Amorphization by Co Deposition
T.T. Hufnagel, G.G. Bertero, R. Sinclair, B.B. Clemens
Multilayers of Gd/Co produced by sputter deposition are observed to be amorphous for a wide range of bilayer periods. This structure is largely the result of an amorphization reaction during the deposition between crystalline Gd and newly arriving Co atoms. We explore this reaction by producing multilayers of Gd/Co/Cr, and examining the resulting microstructure. We observe both interfacial disordering due to a layer thickening mechanism and evidence for growth of the amorphous phase from Gd grain boundaries. The reaction is enhanced by the presence of a large number of crystalline defects in the Gd layers.
Phase Selection During Interdiffusion in Ti-Fe Multilayered Films
Z.Z. Yan, M.M. Trudeau, R. Schulz, R. Bormann, A.Van Neste, J.J. Ström-Olsen
The formation of the metastable bcc solid solution and the amorphous phase during interfacial reaction of elemental multilayers has been studied using X-ray diffraction. Different kinds of interfaces have been synthesized in order to investigate the influence of the interfacial structure on phase evolution during annealing. The amorphization is found to be dependent on the structure of the interface and the results are discussed in terms of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the Ti-Fe system which has been calculated by the CALPHAD method.
Phase Transformations in Cu-Zr Multilayers
T.T. Weihs, T.T. Barbee, Jr., M.M. Wall
A study of phase transformations is reported for Cu-rich, Cu-Zr multilayer foils that were synthesized using magnetron sputter deposition and annealed using a differential scanning calorimeter. The foils range in composition from 1.6 at% to 9.0 at% Zr and consist of alternate layers of polycrystalline Cu and Zr. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis and electron microscopy were used to examine three distinct reactions in the foils: a mixing and an amorphization of the Cu and the Zr, a crystallization to the metastable intermetallic, Cu51Zr14, and a transformation of the Cu51Zr14 phase into the equilibrium phase, Cu9Zr2. The asdeposited layering remained stable during the first two reactions and then broke down in the third reaction as large grains of Cu9Zr2 encompassed the smaller Cu grains. The heats of the reactions and the activation energies of these reactions are measured and are compared to values reported for bulk samples. The measured heats support the observation that amorphous Cu-Zr alloys phase separate and provide evidence that mixing and short range ordering produce 3.5 times more heat than long range ordering when Cu and Zr react and form Cu51Zr14.
Solid State Amorphization in the Interfacial Reactions of Yttrium Thin Films on (111)Si
T.T. Lee, L.L. Chen
Interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited yttrium thin films on atomically clean (111)Si at low temperatures have been studied by both conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. A 10–nm–thick yttrium thin film, deposited onto (lll)Si at room temperature, was found to completely intermix with Si to form an 11–nm–thick amorphous interlayer. Crystalline Y5Si3 and Si were observed to nucleate first within the amorphous interlayer in samples annealed at temperatures lower than 200 °C. Epitaxial YSi2−x was found to be the only phase formed at the interface of amorphous interlayer and crystalline Si in samples annealed at temperatures higher than 250 °C. In as deposited 20– to 60–nm thick Y thin films on silicon samples, crystalline Y5Si3, Si, and YSi and a 2.5–nm–thick amorphous layer were found to be present simultaneously.
Crystallization of Amorphous Germanium in a Silver Germanium Layered System
Toyohiko J. Konno, Robert Sinclair
We studied crystallization of amorphous germanium (a-Ge) induced in a Ag/a-Ge layered system, using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Amorphous Ge was found to crystallize at about 270°C with the heat of reaction of 10±lkJ/mol. In situ TEM revealed that Ag grains migrate into the a-Ge phase leaving the crystalline Ge (c-Ge) phase behind. From this observation, we propose a model whereby the Ag provides the fastest path for the Ge atoms to diffuse from a-Ge to c-Ge phases.
Characterization of Au-Mediated a-Si:H Crystallization by In Situ Electrical Measurements
A. A. Pasa, C. A. Achete, W. Losch, G. H. Bauer
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011, 105
The Au-mediated crystallization of a-Si:H has been investigated by in situ electrical measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The a-Si:H structure was prepared by evaporation of Au thin films of different thicknesses (50 - 600 Å) onto intrinsic glow discharge deposited a-Si:H layers (≈ 5000 Å). A rapid increase in the electrical resistance was associated to the nucleation and growth of Si crystals inside the Au film. The growth process promotes the accumulation of Au at the Si grain boundaries forming a metallic network. This network controls the electric resistance at the end of the crystallization reaction. The kinetics of transformation has been studied by isothermal treatments over the 140 - 180 °C temperature range. An activation energy of 2.1 eV was measured. An analysis of resistance data obtained by constant heating rate treatments suggest the rupture of the network interconnections at T ≥ 170 °C. SEM pictures showing the formation of Au clusters confirmed this suggestion.
Morphological Transformations in the Crystallization of Tese-Halide Thin Films
A. Blatter, C. Ortiz, J. L. Adam
Amorphous Te3Se4 X (X = Br,I) thin films were prepared by RF sputter deposition where the halide is used to stabilize the amorphous structure. Crystallization in the films was induced by heating with pulsed laser irradiation, with an electron beam, and in a furnace. Crystallization was achieved when the halide was depleted which became more difficult the higher its mass and concentration. As a consequence, crystallization was highly anisotropic and confined to a thin surface layer with a lateral size to thickness ratio of up to 104. We observed various stages of the process. At low temperature, a spherulitic-type growth produced a low-dimensional branching morphology by non diffusive processes such as rotation. Increasing temperature favored the formation of higher dimensions with patterns typical for aggregation processes. At the highest temperatures material flow enabled the formation of three-dimensional structures. In case of the films with Iodine, facetted single crystals grew out of the surface to sizes many times larger than the original film thickness.
Effect of Elastic Stress on Phase Selection in a Binary System
Joo-Youl Huh, William C. Johnson
Elastic stress arising from differences in lattice parameters between phases is known to alter both qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of phase equilibria in coherent systems. One important consequence of misfit or epitaxial strain is the possible existence of several linearly stable equilibrium states: For a given composition, temperature and applied stress, different combinations of volume fraction and corresponding phase compositions render the free energy of the system a minimum. Here, we examine how epitaxial stresses influence phase equilibria in a binary alloy when the system can select from three different phases. In particular, we show the existence of several equilibrium states with different combinations of phases that minimize the system free energy.


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'Lego Block' Rooftop Addition at St. Agnes School Rejected by CB7
By Emily Frost |&nbspMay 15, 2015 4:45pm | Updated on May 20, 2015 12:11pm
@efrost1
Board Says Penthouse at St. Agnes' School is Too Large
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UPPER WEST SIDE — A plan to build a penthouse atop a landmarked school building was rejected Thursday by a Community Board 7 committee, which described the addition as a massive "Lego block."
The rooftop plan would add almost 30 feet in height to the St. Agnes Boys High School building at 555 West End Ave., according to the building's new owner.
The school was purchased for $50 million by developer and architect Cary Tamarkin this past October for conversion into roughly 15 apartments, he said.
The landmarked 107-year-old building was among dozens of schools closed by the Catholic Archdiocese in recent years and has been vacant since the end of the 2012-'13 school year.
Board members, residents and preservationist groups lauded the efforts the firm took to keep the look and feel of the seven-story brick and limestone building as close to the original as possible, but they regarded the penthouse addition with "disdain," as one member put it.
The addition includes a 12-foot penthouse, plus a 17-foot box holding mechanical equipment and the building's elevator, the plans showed.
The architects were so "sensitive" with their designs — by restoring broken rooftop cornices and installing replicas of the original windows, for example — that "the roof looks so bad" in contrast, said board member Louisa Craddock.
"All of a sudden you hit this Lego block on the top and it's big," she said.
The sentiment was nearly universal among residents and board members who reviewed the design Thursday night.
"It's just too darn big. You're trying to do too much up there," board member Mark Diller added.
While a compromise of moving the mechanical equipment box off the top of the penthouse would have assuaged some board members' concerns, Tamarkin's reps said it wouldn't be possible because the equipment is too noisy to sit next to the penthouse and neighboring residential buildings.
Residents argued the addition was another sign of irrevocable changes harming the neighborhood.
"Part of the reason I moved into the 86th Street area was because of all the landmarks," said resident Naomi Safer, who added that the addition made the views akin to those of Midtown. "[Landmark alterations are] changing the whole neighborhood into not being what we moved here for."
Others argued that historic buildings and the views of longtime neighbors shouldn't be altered simply for the benefit of new, wealthy residents.
"I don't think that's the integrity of the neighborhood — a penthouse. That's not the Upper West Side and that's not why any of us are here," argued Charlene Floyd, a neighboring resident.
While greenlighting the rest of the building's redesign, CB7's preservation committee ultimately voted to disapprove of the design of the penthouse and the mechanical equipment.
"We're not done by any means thinking of the right and respectful way to go," Tamarkin said.
However, the application is currently set to appear before the Landmarks Preservation Commission on May 19, and Tamarkin said there was not enough time to revise the plans before appearing.
The LPC will make the final decision on the plan.
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Expat Insider 2019
Working Abroad Index
Where Working Abroad Is Great for Expats Worldwide
New rising stars — and unexpected losers — emerge in 2019, highlighting where expats are happiest with all aspects of working abroad, from job security to work-life balance.
Vietnam replaces Bahrain as the #1 country for working abroad.
#2 Czechia maintains its ranking in the top 3 for the third year in a row.
#3 Luxembourg reemerges in the top 3 for the first time since 2016.
The biggest winners are Kazakhstan, Qatar, and Poland.
The biggest losers, Ecuador, Bahrain, and Denmark, were previous big winners.
The Working Abroad Index includes 64 countries — slightly fewer than the 68 countries featured in the Expat Insider 2018 survey. Each country required a minimum of 75 respondents to be included in the results, and over 45 countries had a sample size of 100 or more respondents. This index covers six rating factors in three different subcategories: Career Prospects & Satisfaction, Work & Leisure, and Economy & Job Security. Each factor was rated on a scale of 1 (very bad) to 7 (very good).
The Top 3: A Shakeup and Some Continuity
Vietnam, Czechia, and Luxembourg are 2019's top 3 countries for working abroad, bumping Bahrain (1st in 2018) and Taiwan (2nd in 2018) out of the top spots. While Czechia has ranked among the top 3 countries for working abroad for the last three years, this is only Vietnam's second time in the top 10. And although Luxembourg consistently features in the top 10 of the Working Abroad Index, its improvement from ranking 9th out of 68 in 2018 to 3rd out of 64 is quite a jump.
Vietnam's first place is part of a steep upward trend in recent years: it came 32nd in this index in 2014, the first time the Expat Insider survey was conducted, and it has been rising steadily since its 36th place in 2015. Career prospects are excellent: over two-thirds (68%) are generally satisfied with their career opportunities, and 26% are even completely satisfied. Globally, these numbers are 55% and 15%, respectively. Vietnam's most significant gains are in the Economy & Job Security subcategory, though, where it has gone from 28th to 11th in 2019.
Not only are jobs plentiful in the Southeast Asian country, with only 3% looking for work, compared to a global average of 8%, but job satisfaction is also very high — nearly three-quarters (74%) are generally satisfied with their job, which is 10 points higher than the global average. And 71% of expats are satisfied with their work-life balance (compared with 60% globally). A US American expat in Vietnam notes particularly enjoying the "work-life balance and ratio of income to cost of living".
Ranking second in 2019 and among the top 3 every year since 2017, Czechia has been a consistent superstar for working abroad in recent years. In 2019, it even ranks in the top 5 for all three subcategories of the Working Abroad Index. For example, job opportunities are great: 68% are generally happy with their career prospects in Czechia, compared with 55% globally. Expats feel the economy is in excellent shape: 84% rate it positively (vs. a global average of 63%). And even for factors in the Work & Leisure subcategory, the rosy picture continues: over three-quarters (76%) rate their working hours favorably.
For the sixth year in a row, the number three of 2019, Luxembourg, lands in the top 10 of the Working Abroad Index. However, it's been a while since it claimed a spot at the very top — the last time it made it into the top 3 was in 2016. With the highest GDP per capita in the EU and with the state of the economy rated positively by an impressive 96% of respondents, it is not surprising that this small European country ranks as one of the best places to work abroad.
Luxembourg is a well-balanced country. Job, friends, travel. You have it all.
Its rise from 9th place to 3rd since 2018 is reflected in the uptick in job satisfaction — the factor with the highest improvement. In 2019, there is an increase of five percentage points in this area, with nearly three-quarters (74%) being generally satisfied with their job (vs. 64% globally). A Peruvian respondent working in Luxembourg says: "It is a well-balanced country. Job, friends, travel. You have it all."
The Biggest Winners: Kazakhstan, Qatar, and Poland
The biggest winner of 2019 is Kazakhstan (one of 2018's biggest losers!), rising from ranking 50th to 29th in this index — it's also one of the biggest winners overall. It performs especially well for career prospects and satisfaction, jumping from 31st to 4th place, with 58% of expats rating their career prospects positively. Job satisfaction has also improved: in 2018, 65% of expats were satisfied with their jobs, while this number has increased by seven percentage points to 72% in 2019. What's more, expats seem to quickly settle into their jobs in Kazakhstan — 80% of expats say it took them less than six months, well above the global average of 54%. Kazakhstan's GDP grew by 4.1% in 2018 thanks to stronger exports; positive economic growth overall may also play a role in its upward movement in this index.
Another big winner this year — and like Kazakhstan, both overall and for working abroad — is Qatar. It has advanced by 20 ranks in this index, from 35th to 15th, and shows improvement across all factors. Overall job satisfaction has climbed most substantially: in 2019, 69% of expats are generally satisfied with their jobs, up from 59% in 2018. There are similarly strong gains for the work-life balance factor, which 63% report being happy with in 2019 (slightly above the global average of 60%), compared to 53% in 2018. Experts have called Qatar's economy one of the "best-performing" in the region, which might also be a reason why expats rate their experience working abroad there more highly in 2019.
The third-biggest winner in 2019 is Poland, advancing 15 spots to rank 11th in the index and thus only narrowly missing the top 10. Career prospects have improved most dramatically, as Poland jumps from 32nd place to 9th for this factor. In 2019, 63% of expats rate their career prospects positively, compared to only 54% in 2018. While job security in Poland received a similar share of positive ratings in 2018 and 2019, 67% and 68% respectively, the share of those who are completely satisfied is substantially higher in 2019: over a quarter of expats in Poland (26%) couldn't be any happier, compared with only 15% in 2018.
Previous Top Performers Now the Biggest Losers
The overall lowest-ranking countries in the index, Italy (64th), Greece (63rd), and Turkey (62nd), are regularly among Expat Insider's worst countries for working abroad. However, the countries with the sharpest decline in the Working Abroad Index, Ecuador, Bahrain, and Denmark, are quite surprising, considering the 2018 survey results.
I dislike the economy and the lack of support for smaller businesses in Ecuador.
2019's biggest loser, Ecuador, was actually one of the biggest winners in this index in 2018. However, it has dropped 34 ranks, from 11th out of 68 to 45th out of 64. Its most staggering decline affects career prospects — where it has fallen from 2nd to 53rd in one year. A German survey respondent mentions disliking "the economy and lack of support for smaller businesses" in Ecuador. Losses are also substantial for the factors in the Work & Leisure subcategory, as well as for job security. For example, only 59% of expats in Ecuador are satisfied with their work-life balance, compared to 79% in 2018. And just 51% rate their job security positively, compared with 68% in 2018.
The picture is similarly gloomy for another top performer of 2018, Bahrain. In 2018, Bahrain was the best country for working abroad; in 2019, it's 18th. While it has lost across all factors, the most profound decline has been in the Work & Leisure subcategory. For instance, in 2018, 81% of expats were satisfied with their working hours; this has dropped to 61% in 2019. Bahrain has been suffering since oil prices fell in 2014 and is taking various measures to boost its economy, including a new sales tax and attracting international companies, especially in the financial technology sector. An Indian survey respondent in Bahrain notes particularly disliking the "economic instability and the increase in cost of living". Since it was recently among the top 3 in this index for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018), whether Bahrain's decline is a one-off event or part of a long-term downward trend remains to be seen.
As a country often in the top 10 for working abroad, or close to it, Denmark's drop from 6th spot to 21st in 2019 is also a somewhat unexpected result. While expats' feelings about the state of the economy have remained steady, with 85% rating it positively in both 2018 and 2019, their view of their job security has declined: nearly two-thirds (65%) rated this factor positively in 2018, but in 2019, this has dropped to 57%. Despite some losses, Denmark still retains first place for working hours, as it has done since 2017. In 2019, 81% are satisfied with their working hours (vs. 62% globally). Nearly two in five (39%) are even completely satisfied (vs. 24% globally).
Expat Insider 2019 — The Biggest Winners & Losers
Expat Insider 2019 — Regional Report: The GCC States
Expat Insider 2019 — Country Report: Czechia
Eurostat. GDP per capita, consumption per capita and price level indices. Jun 2019.
The World Bank. The World Bank in Kazakhstan.
Market Screener. S&P Global: Stable economy. 15 May 2019.
Reuters. Bailed-out Bahrain has little room for maneuver in economy reboot. 18 Mar 2019.
Bloomberg. Gulf Allies Pledge Billions in Aid for Bahrain and Jordan. 4 Oct 2018.
Expat Insider 2018 — The Best (and Worst) Places for Working Abroad
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LEOMINSTER -- City officials are looking into purchasing a historic farm house and four acres of land, with a current estimated value as high as $690,000, that would be incorporated into the city-owned Sholan Farms.
The idea of buying the property at 1183 Pleasant St. was pitched to the City Council by Mayor Dean Mazzarella Monday evening and received a positive response from councilors.
"I think it's safe to say the feedback I've had is to continue to pursue negotiations," Mazzarella said at the close of the meeting.
Though nearly every councilor commented on how much they liked the idea of adding the property to farmland already owned by the city, several pointed out they would want to see what the Friends of Sholan Farms would do with it before officially signing off.
When reached for comment Tuesday morning, Sholan Farms President Joanne DiNardo said the house, which was built in 1783, would be preserved and used as a space for the farm's offices, meetings, and visitor center.
"We don't have a place for any of that right now," she said. "It's a true showplace. They've kept it in tip-top shape."
According to Chief City Assessor Bill Mitchell, the property is estimated to be worth anywhere from $425,000 to $690,000 based on market analyses conducted by his office and the property's owner.
At-large City Councilor Claire Freda suggested the city have the property appraised, but also warned that she would not want to see purchasing the land interfering with the city's plan to buy several parcels on Central Street for the site of a new police station.
"I wouldn't want to take away anything from the police station though, and that's crucial," she said.
The council has already voted in favor of spending $2 million to cover the land purchases and demolition costs associated in preparing the site for the new police station.
At-large Councilor John Dombrowski said he agreed with Freda on both points while At-large Councilor Sue Chalifioux Zephir said she would need to know more about how the city planned to pay for the land.
"In order for me to be in complete support of it, I'd need to know the complete financing plan," she said.
Mazzarella said he would have an appraisal of the property, more information on Sholan Farm's plans for the land, and a list of possible funding sources by the council's next meeting on the issue.
Though the council did not hold any vote on the issue, many councilors shared their enthusiasm for the purchase.
"When I first saw this proposal, I just fell in love with it," said City Council President Rick Marchand, who went on to describe the conditions of the trailer the farm currently uses for office space.
"It's basically condemnable," he said. "It takes care of the need right now, but to think of going to work in there everyday when that's your office is tough."
Stephen Bernard, the current owner of 1183 Pleasant St., said he would rather have the city purchase the property because he fears that other buyers might try to build more houses on his land.
"It's 12 rooms and just the two of us living there now," he said. "I'd rather sell it to the city than have someone else buy it."


Softbank D-Series Kits are designed for use with modern digital video cameras. The total wattage has been reduced for these more light sensitive cameras with no loss of control or light quality. ARRI Tungsten Fresnels with their wide flood to spot ratio are easy to control and the Video Pro XS Softbank is great for interviews and the ideal size for tight locations. Try using a piece of opal or frost in the filter frame on the Fresnel to completely fill the Softbank and reduce the light level.


text:
# Gii ModelDoc Generator for Yii

ModelDoc Generator will extend Gii allowing an update to existing models with [phpDoc](http://phpdoc.org/docs/latest/index.html) compatible documentation.

## Features

- **Table Fields**
  - Adds properties for each field.
  - Properties are annotated with field comments from the database.
- **Relations**
  - Adds a property with a return type for each relation.
- **CActiveRecord Inheritance**
  - Adds methods inherited from CActiveRecord including: find(), findByPk(), findByAttributes(), fndBySql(), findAll(), findAllByPk(), findAllByAttributes(), findAllBySql(), with(), together(), cache(), resetScope(), populateRecord() and populateRecords().
- **Behaviors**
  - Adds a property with a return type for each behavior.
  - Adds methods assigned for behaviors, unless it is defined by the model itself.
  - Optionally uses @mixin for behaviors.
- **Scopes**
  - Adds a method for each scope.
- **Full Syntax**
  - All PHPDoc tags contain full syntax including: method params and return types.
  - All returned models have namespace support.

## Screenshots

Listing all the models that are going to have phpDocs inserted:
![Files](https://raw.github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/master/screenshot/files.png)

Preview of the model before it gets updated:
![Preview](https://raw.github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/master/screenshot/preview.png)

## Installation

Please download using ONE of the following methods:

### Composer Installation

All requirements are automatically downloaded into the correct location when using composer.  There is no need to download additional files or set paths to third party files.

Get composer:

```
curl http://getcomposer.org/installer | php
```

Install latest release OR development version:

```
php composer.phar require cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator:*				// latest release
php composer.phar require cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator:dev-master	// development version
```

Add the `vendor` folder to the `aliases` in your yii configuration:

### Manual Installation

Download the [latest release](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/releases/latest) or [development version](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/archive/master.zip) and move the `gii-modeldoc-generator` folder into your `protected/modules` folder.

## Configuration

Add the path to `gii-modeldoc-generator` to the `generatorPaths` in your gii configuration:

```php
return array(
	'modules' => array(
		'gii' => array(
			'class'=>'system.gii.GiiModule',
			'generatorPaths' => array(
				// use this if you installed with composer
				'/path/to/vendor/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/gii',

				// OR, use this if you downloaded into your extensions folder
				//'ext.gii-modeldoc-generator.gii',
			),
		),
	),
);
```

## Usage

Ensure you have `--- BEGIN ModelDoc ---` and `--- END ModelDoc ---` in each of your models, for example:

```php
/**
 * Your class description that will not be altered by ModelDoc
 *
 * --- BEGIN ModelDoc ---
 *
 *  this section will be replaced by ModelDoc
 *
 * --- END ModelDoc ---
 */
class MyModel extends CActiveRecord { ... }
```

Visit `index.php?r=gii`, then choose ModelDoc from the menu.

## Notes

This extension will not create any new model files.  You should first create them or generate them with a model generator.

## Resources

- **[Documentation](http://cornernote.github.io/gii-modeldoc-generator)**
- **[GitHub Project](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator)**
- **[Yii Extension](http://www.yiiframework.com/extension/gii-modeldoc-generator)**

## Support

- Does this README need improvement?  Go ahead and [suggest a change](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/edit/master/README.md).
- Found a bug, or need help using this project?  Check the [open issues](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/issues) or [create an issue](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/issues/new).

## License

[BSD-3-Clause](https://raw.github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/master/LICENSE), Copyright © 2013-2014 [Mr PHP](mailto:info@mrphp.com.au)

[![Mr PHP](https://raw.github.com/cornernote/mrphp-assets/master/img/code-banner.png)](http://mrphp.com.au) [![Project Stats](https://www.ohloh.net/p/gii-modeldoc-generator/widgets/project_thin_badge.gif)](https://www.ohloh.net/p/gii-modeldoc-generator)

[![Latest Stable Version](https://poser.pugx.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/v/stable.png)](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/releases/latest) [![Total Downloads](https://poser.pugx.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/downloads.png)](https://packagist.org/packages/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator) [![Monthly Downloads](https://poser.pugx.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/d/monthly.png)](https://packagist.org/packages/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator) [![Latest Unstable Version](https://poser.pugx.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/v/unstable.png)](https://github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator) [![License](https://poser.pugx.org/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/license.png)](https://raw.github.com/cornernote/gii-modeldoc-generator/master/LICENSE)


Depart William Creek and fly to Lake Eyre over the vast cattle country of Anna Creek Station to the gibber shelf on the Western shoreline of Belt Bay (lowest point in Australia), Silcrete Island and some of the eroded peninsulas that jut out into the salt bed, Jackboot Bay and over the Southern end of The Warburton Groove before flying over the Halligan Bay viewing station.
Continuing over and into Dalhousie Artesian hot springs where you can relax and soak in the largest thermal ponds in Australia which range in temperature 38 to 43°C. Experience the native flora and fauna in this idyllic, isolated environment.
The trip will include a picnic lunch (with beverage of your choice) so that you can truly relax in style before returning the William Creek in the afternoon.
National Heritage-listed Dalhousie Springs have been used by Aboriginal people for thousands of years as a source of food, shelter and medicine.
Enjoy the visual extremities of Lake Eyre, Australia's largest inland lake situated in South Australia.
Depart William Creek on a unique trip to view the stunning Anna Creek Painted Hills - Australia's Grand Canyon.
See the beauty of Lake Eyre and the stunning Painted Hills in one spectacular flight over Australia's red centre.


The business of verbal meandering, that is. This haven was created to combat my laziness when it comes to writing and inspire me to eventually do something meaningful with my brain, all while avoiding the ads and general sense of "ick" that hang over my previous blog site. Making positive changes is my theme for the year.
Though this first post is a bit short (and many may be), I wanted to start things off with good news. I am once again gainfully employed! The pay is, in technical terms, diddly squat, but it's a new aspect of the newspaper business, and I think I'll do very well in the position. I get to work with my friend, learn new stuff, and add yet another title to my resume. I really feel that I can do good things for these folks, so my overall reaction is anticipation and enthusiasm. We'll see how it goes!


text:
O Canada blogathon: "Jalna" and its star, David Manners
The second annual O Canada blogathon is underway hosted by Ruth of Silver Screenings and Kristina of Speakeasy. The blogathon runs February 1 - 5. Visit the great white north without leaving home! Day 1 recap. Day 2 recap. Day 3 recap. Day 4 recap. Day 5 recap.
It wasn't until a screening on TCM a few years ago that I became aware of this 1935 film based on Mazo de la Roche's immortal Whiteoaks of Jalna series. This seems strange to me as both a classic movie fan and a Canadian. While not a touchstone for Canadian youngsters like Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables, nor forced to read in school like Farley Mowat or Margaret Atwood, de la Roche's 16 novels in the Chronicles of Whiteoaks were an immensely popular and successful worldwide phenomenon beginning in 1927.
One hundred years and generations of Whiteoaks came to life in Mazo de la Roche's stories. It seemed as if the library copies I borrowed lorded it over the other novels in the section. Ms. de la Roche became something of a celebrity with newspapers and magazines chronicling her life. I recommend the 2012 film The Mystery of Mazo de la Roche which goes into detail on the author.
The success of the BBCs The Forsyte Saga inspired the CBC to adapt Whiteoaks into a miniseries. I recall watching it out of a sense of loyalty, but it did not stay with me the way The Forsyte Saga has managed to do. The story and characters from the novels were just as intriguing, but at that time the CBC was not up to the job or didn't hire the right people. Perhaps they should have turned to RKO's release of a few decades earlier for their approach.
Eden Whiteoaks has a "slight, but pretty" talent in the writing line, according to his Uncle Ernest. It is something that sets him apart from his farming family, firmly ensconced at their Ontario estate for generations. Alayne Archer, the reader at the NYC firm that publishes Eden's book of poetry, falls for the sensitivity in his writing and his good looks. Alayne has no idea what she has signed on for when she marries Eden and moves with him to Jalna. Fairly soon, she does realize that the man she married is not the man she made of him in her imagination. Eden is somewhat of the spoiled wastral. If Alayne has married the wrong man, the right man is her brother-in-law and de facto head of the family, Renny.
Renny and all of the Whiteoaks have a queen in the nearly one hundred year old Gran, who assumes all of her wishes and pronouncements are honoured. The elderly uncles Ernest and Nicholas must have their say. It is common that the Whiteoaks all have their say at once! Renny's older sister Meg was disappointed in love by their neighbour Maurice Vaughn and has perfected her role as the scorned sweetheart over twenty years. Maurice's daughter, Pheasant (love that name!) is romantically involved with Meg and Renny's younger half-brother Piers, who is a bit of a hothead. Youngsters Finch and Wakefield round out the group. When Piers marries Pheasant and brings her home at the same time Eden brings Alayne, life will never be the same for the Whiteoaks of Jalna.
Anthony Veiller, Oscar nominated for The Killers and Stage Door, wrote the screenplay. Jalna was directed with his usual display of charm and style by John Cromwell (Anna and the King of Siam, The Prisoner of Zenda, Caged). Leading lady Kay Johnson (American Madness, White Banners) plays Alayne. She is a woman of strong character and a nurturing nature. Ms. Johnson was at the time (1928-1946) married to John Cromwell. David Manners (Beauty and the Boss, The Miracle Woman) plays Eden Whiteoaks. Is he a young man of thwarted potential or merely a spoiled brat? Ian Hunter (The Church Mouse, The Long Voyage Home) is appealingly stalwart as Renny, who never planned on being the third side in a triangle.
Jessie Ralph (David Copperfield, After the Thin Man) steals every scene as Gran. She's almost a hundred, you know! Her granddaughter Meg, the spinster, is played by Peggy Wood (The Sound of Music). Nigel Bruce (Suspicion) is a surprising Casanova. Theodore Newton (Two Years Before the Mast) played Piers and charming Molly Lamont (The Awful Truth) is Pheasant. The older Whiteoaks are played by C. Aubrey Smith (Five Came Back) and Halliwell Hobbes (Gaslight) and the younger by George Offerman, Jr. (A Walk in the Sun) and Clifford Severn (Forever and a Day).
The discovery of Jalna was an unexpected treat for me and I am sure would be the same for anyone coming across it, whether they have heard of Mazo de la Roche's novels previously or not. The cast is comprised of a mix of Americans and British ex-pats to make up the Canadian family. Three of the cast, Ian Hunter, Clifford Severn and Molly Lamont hail from South Africa. We find among the troupe one Haligonian, that is, a person born in Halifax. In this case, Halifax, Nova Scotia being the birthplace of David Manners.
David Manners
Surely Rauff de Ryther Duan Acklom is the most interesting birth name of a future Hollywood star since Spangler Arlington Brugh. David Manners is a little easier to recall, for audiences and producers. An excellent scholar from a wealthy family, David was studying Forestry at the University of Toronto, but his heart was with the school's Hart House Theatre Company. He left school in his final year of 1923 to join a touring company out of New York run by Basil Sydney. He gained experience and a solid reputation and in 1924 appeared with Helen Hayes in Dancing Mothers and they became lifelong friends. James Whale wanted Manners for the role of Lieutenant Raleigh in a New York production of Journey's End, but the timing did not work out. Fortunately, things worked out for the 1930 film version of this always timely anti-war play written by R.C. Sherriff and directed by Whale. It was an auspicious Hollywood beginning for David Manners. By 1936 David Manners would have 39 motion pictures to his credit. Let's look at a few of my favourites.
The Black Cat publicity still
Horror film fans are among the most loyal of our breed. David Manners is forever immortal to horror fans for three films in particular. 1931s Dracula set the tone for classic horror with Bela Lugosi's archetypal performance in the title role and Dwight Frye's scene-stealing as Renfield. David is John Harker, out-of-his-depth hero. 1932s The Mummy gave the great Boris Karloff one of his best remembered roles. Zita Johann is torn between her dead-for-centuries lover Karloff or contemporary sweetie Manners. H'm. 1934s The Black Cat gives Manners a role with a bit more meat on its bones as his character, mystery writer Peter Allison has to deal with both Karloff and Lugosi and their tortured relationship. It must be seen to be believed, and maybe not even then.
David Manners, Marian Marsh, Warren William
Beauty and the Boss
I find 1931s The Millionaire in which Manners co-stars with George Arliss to be totally charming. Written by Earl Derr Biggers and Booth Tarkington the story features Arliss as a retired millionaire who goes into business with Manners incognito. He wants to bring some meaning back into what had become a boring life. The same year David Manners co-starred with Barbara Stanwyck in Frank Capra's The Miracle Woman. On paper the character of a blind composer who shyly uses a ventriloquists dummy to speak for him sounds like an impossibly maudlin role. David Manners gives us a character of moral depth and honest conflict. He is as fascinating to watch as his co-star Stanwyck as a phony Evangelist.
The entire cast impressed me in 1931s The Last Flight, an emotional drama of the lost generation from John Monk Saunders. 1932s Beauty and the Boss from Ladislas Fodor's play The Church Mouse features one of my favourite David Manners performances. As the callow younger brother of a successful banker David is strictly second lead to Warren William. Both men are vying for an impossibly charming secretary played by Marian Marsh. You know going in that she will win over her playboy boss, but David is so unselfconsciously besotted that I can't help rooting for him.
The best of David Manners work in 1930s films shows that he gave one hundred percent to his profession and received in return the trappings of fame and adoration. Before the decade was over David would make a change in his lifestyle that few would imagine many with his success undertaking.
A combination of things led to a decision to abandon Hollywood. Physically the Los Angeles smog was wrecking havoc on David's chronic asthma. Creatively there were other worlds for him to explore. He would publish novels during the 1940s. He would be a painter for the rest of his days. Much of his time was spent on a ranch near the Mojave Desert. "I did all the things I wanted to do. I wrote three novels, rode my horses for miles, created more than one hundred paintings and every day milked the cows myself."
Broadway beckoned and in 1946 David replaced Henry Daniell as Lord Windermere in Lady Windermere's Fan. Earlier that season he appeared in the brief run of Maxwell Anderson's Truckline Cafe. Co-star in that production Marlon Brando was among those contacted by Charles Foster for his book Once Upon a Time in Paradise: Canadians in the Golden Age of Hollywood.
Marlon Brando: "David Manners spent hour coaching me in my small role. He allowed me to steal the one scene I played with him by telling me how to do it."
Lucille Ball: "He took me to a swanky restaurant and we went dancing afterwards. He was mobbed everywhere, but he always had time for his fans. The reason why I spend so much time with my fans today is because David showed me on that special date it was the right thing to do."
Loretta Young: "He hadn't an ounce of difficulty or obstinacy in him. Every girl in town wanted to work with him. He was a dream actor, handsome, charming and totally genuine. He was very competent, never flustered, always knew his lines and was always ready to help newcomers to the film industry."
Helen Hayes and Edward G. Robinson provided anecdotes where David Manners, who dabbled in boxing in his youth, actually defended them from rowdy fans with separate displays of fisticuffs.
In his later years David devoted much of his time in spiritual and philosophical pursuits and publishing his journey in Look Through, An Evidence of Self Discovery, The Soundless Voice and Awakenings from the Dream of Me.
I think it would have been nice to know the man behind this quote:
"Perhaps to the young, old age looks pretty grim, but let me tell it. For this ancient one, this is the happiest, most beautiful time of a long life. How come? The appearances are that I have less freedom, less motion, less of everything, including hair and shape, but these are the lesser blessings. There are blessings today that were never dreamed of."
davidmanners.com
Once Upon a Time in Paradise by Charles Foster
Rich February 3, 2016 at 7:34 AM
I always thought the Manners character in DRACULA was the least interesting, but then again, not every character in a horror movie can be weird. He did have a better role in THE BLACK CAT.
Caftan Woman February 3, 2016 at 8:36 AM
Agreed. In "Dracula" and "The Mummy" Manners just has to be there, the movies are all about the creepy villains. I imagine going to work on "The Black Cat", there must have been a moment of "Cripes! Both of them! What's a guy to do?!"
Silver Screenings February 3, 2016 at 11:08 AM
This is absolutely wonderful. I knew very little about David Manners before reading your post, and now I'm a huge fan! I loved the anecdotes you included from Marlon Brando et al, as well as his philosophical views. No wonder everyone wanted to work with him!
As for the Jalna series, I've never read it, but I will see if our library has one. I looked up the miniseries on Wikipedia, and it says CBC published a family tree for viewers?? Do you remember this being true?
Oops – forgot to thank you for coming to the O Canada party, and for bringing the handsome Mr Manners along!
Caftan Woman February 3, 2016 at 7:16 PM
My pleasure to bring Mr. Manners to the party. It will be fun to give his movies a second look knowing more about him.
Here's the CBCs Whiteoaks family tree. I recognize Kate Reid, but that's about all.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RT6SDIedJPs/Tt_yk_VJlvI/AAAAAAAAFEQ/h47TRQedDuY/s1600/Whiteoaks%2Bof%2BJalna%2BFamily%2BTree%2BCBC.png
Kristina February 4, 2016 at 5:30 AM
Wonderful post and a two-fer for Canadian entertainment (well three counting the film adaptation). Sometimes I think, "poor David Manners" when most fans just asked him about Dracula, but he did all this other acting and had so many talents besides. Thanks so much for featuring him and Jalna for the blogathon!
I had a great time revisiting "Jalna" and sharing some of David Manners' background.
The variety of posts for the blogathan is terrific. Putting the kettle on, putting my feet up and enjoying the posts.
Lê February 5, 2016 at 12:00 PM
David Manners is in The Miracle Woman! I knew I had seen him before! It was nice of you to include quotes about him. I now admire him more than before.
As for Jalna, it was added to my always-growing watchlist.
Thanks for the kind comment!
Caftan Woman February 5, 2016 at 12:41 PM
We can start our own David Manners fan club, my friend. Thanks so much for reading. I am sure you will enjoy "Jalna".
Terence Towles Canote February 5, 2016 at 4:53 PM
I'll definitely have to check out Jalna. It sounds like a very interesting film. And I have always liked David Manners.
For a relatively short career, he certainly had a long and interesting life. "Jalna" is well worth your time. The opening credits are very clever. Intrigued?
Rick29 February 8, 2016 at 5:01 AM
I have an urge to eat a fly...or a spider! Not really, but this was a great profile of David Manners. Had never heard of JALNA, so that made for interesting reading, too.
"Jalna" seems to have fallen through the cracks in the pantheon of family dramas, probably due to its Canadian setting. I would think it would give it a sort of exotic appeal. Maybe we're coming up on a time when TCM will start airing it with some of the regularity of a few other titles we could mention.
Stay away from those old movies and spiders!
Jacqueline T. Lynch February 13, 2016 at 3:19 AM
JALNA is new to me (and I'm sorry I missed the O Canada blogathon - not enough hours in the day - but David Manners is a longtime favorite. I love his work, and I admire his the quiet confidence of his independence.
Where is that limitless supply of time I used to think grownups had at their disposal?
I am very impressed with David Manner's ability to live life on his own terms in a profession where pleasing others of often the core of existence.


text:
require 'rspec-api/matchers/content_type/matcher'

module RSpecApi
  module Matchers
    module ContentType
      # Passes if the object includes the expected content type in the headers.
      #
      # @param [Symbol or String] type The expected content type. Can either
      #   be the exact Content-Type string or just the format. The special
      #   value +:any+ matches any content type.
      #
      # @example Passes if the headers matches the provided JSON content type
      #   require 'rspec-api-matchers'
      #
      #   headers ={'Content-Type' => 'application/json; charset=utf-8'}
      #   obj = OpenStruct.new headers: headers
      #
      #   describe 'have_content_type' do
      #     include RSpecApi::Matchers::ContentType
      #     it { expect(obj).to have_content_type(:json) }
      #   end
      #
      #   # => (rspec) 1 example, 0 failures
      #
      # @see http://git.io/qwv-RQ have_content_type_spec.rb for more examples
      def have_content_type(type = nil)
        content_type = case type
          when :json then 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
          when :any then %r{}
          else type
        end
        RSpecApi::Matchers::ContentType::Matcher.new content_type
      end
    end
  end
end


This project is a conglomeration of individually articulated retail buildings and a tastefully colored car wash that creates an inviting, vibrant development on the prominent street.
The project has various heights and colors on the retail buildings which break up the redundant nature of the two identical buildings. This is articulately done with an exacting approach to choose a color scheme that incorporated our thorough study of exteriors that considered both commercial success and aesthetics.
The car wash building's bold color on the exterior and curved roof appeals to passing traffic and its large glass wall is well exposed to the public, livening up the project. The curved roof along the car wash tunnel creates a strong visual element as well as a sleek design that encapsulates the project's enthusiastic efforts to vitalize the development site. Each corner of the retail buildings has a tall tower structure that attracts viewers at the pedestrian level, and the vacuum canopies and the outdoor seating produce the same effect.