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Preparation and Biomedical properties of transparent chitosan/gelatin/honey/aloe vera nanocomposite
samira samadieh
minoo sadri
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
Objective(s): Biodegradable polymers are featured with notable potentials for biotechnology and bioengineering purposes. Still, there are limitations in their applicability so that in many cases composite forms are used. The present study is focused on chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), honey (H) and aloe vera (AV) for preparation of thin films.
Methods: To prepare the thin film, CS and GEL with ratio of 8 % was used. Similarly, AV, honey and wheat germ oil (WGO) was prepared with 20:20:2 ratio. Afterward, the solution was poured in petri dishes. The dishes were stored at room temperature for 24h until the film was formed. Then, CS/PEO/H, CS/PEO/AV, CS/PEO/H/AV nanofibers electrospinning was done on CS/GEL/H, CS/GEL/AV, CS/GEL/H/AV thin films, respectively.
Results: The results of antibacterial activity, fibroblast cells culture and hemolytic activity were examined. The results of antibacterial tests revealed that thin films containing honey had antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of fibroblast cells on the prepared samples indicated more than 90% of the cells are alive. Also,
hemolytic activity results indicate that the samples are non-hemolytic.
Conclusions: Considering the overall physiochemical and biological properties of the thin films, they could be advantageously used as a promising biomaterial for antibacterial coating.
Nanofibers
Biomedical properties
Fibroblast cell
Hemolysis
Wound healing is an autonomous process that might be interrupted in chronic wounds or burn injuries. Biodegradable polymers have many uses in biomedical and bioengineering purposes, such as wound dressing and cancer therapy[1]. However, there are still limitations in their applicability so that in many cases composite forms are used. Thus, finding a dressing that provides coverage and accelerates healing process while preventing infection is of top priorities [2]. The most important features that a suitable dressing must have are preservation of adequate humidity at the would surface, transfer of active combinations, prevention of formation of microbial biofilms, easing pain and inflation, debride dead and damages tissues, and facilitation of reaction between the cells and proteins that can be effective on wound adjustment and healing [3,4]. Since no known material can possess all these specifications, a combination of biopolymers are used to improve wound healing process. Sasikala et al. proposed CS hydrogel membrane and honey as wound dressing [5]. Wang et al. prepared hydrogel of GEL, honey and CS with 20:20:0.5 ratio and obtained the best results in antibacterial and toxicity tests. In addition, the mixture had a significant effect on contraction of wound and acceleration of healing process [6]. Isfandiary et al. used CS /collagen/ AV, as a suitable coverage combination for burns with high cells proliferation performance [7]. Illani et al. used CS and AV gel to prepare nanofiber [8].
CS with low and average molecular weights was used for producing fine film and nanofiber respectively. CS is a biocompatible, biodegradable and natural polymer with wound healing effects [9]. One of the most suitable biopolymers for preparing these antibacterial coatings is CS. One of the unique specification of CS is its ability to accelerate formation of granulated tissue along with angiogenesis and orderly sedimentation of fine collagen tissue that leads to complete wound healing. The biochemical effects of CS are activating fibroblasts of cytokine generator and triggering synthesis of collagen type V [10].Also, CS/GEL film is the base for CS / poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofiber and improves many of its characteristics. Due to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, biological functions of CS, e.g. adhesiveness, cellular migration are improved when it is combined with gelatin. In addition, hydrophilic feature of GEL ensures that the wound is kept moisturized and nutrient and oxygen are available to the wound [11].
On the other hand, herbal solutions like thyme honey and AV have been used to accelerate the wound healing. Several studies have been carried out on antibacterial activity of honey and the antibacterial activity have been confirmed. Thereby, honey is known as a factor for wound healing and antibacterial effects because of features like high osmolarity, low pH (3.5-5), and capability to generate peroxide hydrogen [12-14]. Due to the wide range of chemical compounds (e.g. amino acids, antrokinons (aloin), chromon (aloesine), enzymes, hormons, steroids, minerals, vitamins) AV demonstrates several pharmaceutical properties [15,16]. One of the main effects of AV gel is to keep the wound moisturized and facilitate migration of epithelial cells due to high water content. Polysaccharides of AV improve migration of fibroblast cells, generation of hyaluronic acid and hydroxy proline, and the level of dermatan sulfate in the fibroblasts that play a key role in rebuilding external matrix structure of cell [15, 17, 18].
The purpose of this work is, to provide an antibacterial coating and subsequently to prevent the formation of biofilms. Therefore, the present study is focused on CS, GEL, H and AV for preparation of thin films.
CS with low and medium molecular weight and degree of deacetylation 75-80%, GEL, PEO with a molecular weight of 900.000 g.mol-1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 57°C and melting point of ۶۳-۶۸°C, viscosity: 400–800 CP were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Glacial acetic acid purity 96% and molecular weight 60.05 g.mol-1, twice distilled and deionized water, tween 80 and nutrient agar were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Thyme Honey, AV gel and WGO were purchased from Misivan, Parsiteb and Talayetabiat companies (Iran), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain (ATCC 29213) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strain (ATCC 29213).
Preparation of thin films
To prepare the thin film, chitosan with low molecular weight and concentration of 1% (w/v) and gelatin with ratio of 8 % was used. The solution container was mounted on a heater-stirrer and 1ml of acetic acid was added while chitosan was being solved. Similarly, AV, honey and WGO was prepared with 20:20:2 ratio. Then, tween 80 (0.25 ml) was added as emulsifier to the solution. The beaker was sealed by parafilm (to avoid evaporation and improve density of the solution). The obtained solution was stored for 5-4h until the polymers were completely solved into the solution. To remove air bubbles, the solution was centrifuged for 20 min (4000rcf). Afterward, 0.2ml ethylene glycol was added as plasticizer and 7ml of the solution was poured in petri dishes (7mm). The dishes were stored at room temperature for 24h until the film was formed along with evaporation of the solution.
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
Functional groups and interactions between components of thin film were examined by ATR-FTIR (Perkin Elmer, Spectrum GX).
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity
Antibacterial activity was studied using agar plate method, gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.
At first, nutrient agar microbial culture was prepared following the protocol proposed by the supplier. Two separate suspensions of gram-negative bacterium P. aeruginosa and gram-positive bacterium S. aureus (1.5×108 cfu/ml) were prepared. After preparing the culture and using cotton swabs sterilized by the suspensions, the uniform culture was developed on the surface of plates containing nutrient agar culture.
To survey antibacterial activity of the prepare films, the samples were cut into 1×1cm pieces and sterilized using UV radiation of biological hood. Then the samples were placed on the plate surface and the plates were kept in incubator (37°C) for 24h. Afterward, diameter of growth inhibition halo around the samples was measured.
Preparation polymeric solution for electrospinning
Preparation polymeric solutions
CS solution was prepared using acid acetic solvent 50% (w/v) in water. At first, 0.2g chitosan powder with average molecular weight was stirred into the solvent. The solution was kept at ambient temperature for 12h until chitosan was solved completely. Then PEO (0.3g) was solved in acid acetic/water solution (10ml) to obtain PEO 3% (w/v).
After preparing CS solution 2% (w/v) and PEO 3% (w/v) in acid acetic/water 50% (w/v) in separate containers, they were mixed at 30:70 ratio and then tween 80 (0.25%) was used as emulsifier. Afterward, honey and AV with ratio of 1% (w/v) was added as additive and the beaker was sealed using para-film (to prevent evaporation and increase density of the solution). Afterward, the solutions were placed in a heater-stirrer with high rpm at 37°C for 24h until all polymer content was solved.
For preparing nanofiber were used electrospinning device (Nanoaxma). Each polymeric solution was poured in plastic syringes (5ml) with internal diameter of 10mm attached with a needle with diameter of 18G (nozzle) and flat tip. The induce voltage between the nozzle and aggregation plate was 20-22kv, discharge rate was 0.1-0.5ml/h, and the gap between the tip of nozzle and aggregation plate was 13-15cm. Notable is that CS/PEO/H, CS/PEO/AV, CS/PEO/H/AV nanofibers electrospinning was done on CS/GEL/H, CS/GEL/AV, CS/GEL/H/AV thin films, respectively.
Determination of the morphological characterization of nanofibers
The morphology of nanofiber was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) as an voltage of 20.0 kv (ZEISS- SIGMA, VP-500) after sputtering with gold.
Fibroblast cells culture
Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were used for cells culture. In this study, CS/GEL/H/AV thin film with CS/PEO/H/AV nanofiber and without nanofibers due to its appropriate properties was used for in vitro cells culture test. The films with and without nanofiber were attached to the bottom of a six-compartment plate. A cell suspension of the fourth passage of fibroblast cells was prepared and after logging the count of the cells based on live and dead ones in volume unit by trypan blue dye, 5000 cells were added to each plate. The plates were then placed in an incubator (CO2 5%;37°C) and to examine growth level and proliferation of the live cells, each part was monitored by an invert microscope (Leica-Germany) and taking photos using a digital camera (Infinity1) mounted on the microscope. To count the cells, five microscope fields with magnification of 100X were selected randomly and the number of cells in the fields was counted. This process was carried out for three times and each time four compartments were selected.
Hemolysis test
Hemolytic activities of CS/GEL/H/AV thin film was investigated with and without CS/PEO/H/AV nanofiber. Two methods were used for hemolysis test:
First method: blood agar medium was used to investigate the hemolytic activities of thin films with and without nanofibers on red blood cells. First, the samples were cut (1×1cm) and sterilized under UV light. The samples were then placed on the blood agar medium plates. All the plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Then the diameters of the zones of lysis were measured.
Second method: to evaluate the percentage of hemolysis, blood samples of healthy human were poured into the anticoagulant tubes of sodium citrate to prevent blood coagulation. Then the blood with a ratio of 1: 1.25 was diluted with sodium chloride 0.9 %. The samples of thin films (1 × 1cm) were placed in the falcon tube and 0.2 ml of heparinized human blood was added to the samples. Then the volume of samples was increased up to 10 ml using sodium chloride 0.9 %. The samples centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min. Afterward, the absorbance of the samples were measured at 545 nm. For negative and positive controls, sodium chloride 0.9 % and deionized water were used. Hemolysis ratio is calculated as follow:
HR = (Dt – Dnc) /(Dpc – Dnc) × 100% (1)
where Dt, Dnc and Dpc are the absorbance of the sample, the negative control and the positive control respectively [19].
Table 1, lists the data for thin films. Combination of CS/GEL was used for preparation of the film. The obtained film was transparent and uniform and it became wrinkled and broken into pieces in contact with water. Tensile strength and stability were also not satisfactory (Fig.1). To solve the wrinkling problem in contact with water, a low percentage of WGO (%2 v/v) was used to form a hydrophone coverage on the field. Because of emulation nature of the oil in water, the film was no longer uniform. To improve uniformity of the film, the oil was added before centrifuge step. At any rate, the tensile parameter was not satisfactory and the film was highly fragile (Fig. 2).
Fig. 3(A), illustrates CS/GEL thin films with honey (5, 10, 20% (w/v)). By adding honey, not only the new properties like more flexibility were added to the film, tensile strength was also increased. On the other hand, many biological characteristics of the film like antibacterial effect was improved. With the said ratios, no antibacterial effect was observed; still, adding 5% or 10% (w/v) honey to the film improved its flexibility and tensile strength. Increase in concentration of honey up to 20% (w/v), improved its antibacterial characteristic. However, higher level of honey increased adhesiveness of the film and stability of the film was not preferable. To deal with this, the combination ratio was changed and the optimum features were obtained with GEL 8% (w/v), CS 1% (w/v), H 20% (w/v), AV 20% and WGO 2% (w/v) (Table 2).
Fig. 3(B), shows macroscopic image of CS/GEL/H, CS/GEL/AV, CS/GEL/H/AV thin films; the three films have soft, transparent, smooth, and uniform surfaces. However, the sample with honey is slightly yellowish comparing with other samples.
ATR-FTIR analysis
ATR-FTIR is the best tool to illustrate chemical variation at molecular level. Width, intensity, and position of the peaks are sensitive to chemical changes and conformation of macro-molecules.
Functional groups in the thin films were determined using AR-FTIR at 400-4000cm-1 range. Fig. 4, shows the ATR-FTIR spectrometry results for CS/GEL, CS/GEL/H, CS/GEL/AV and CS/GEL/H/AV films.
In CS/GEL film, the strong absorbent band at 1080cm-1 represents C-O stretching vibration of chitosan. In addition, the absorbent band at 1336cm-1 represents N-H bond of gelatin and chitosan.
The strong absorbent band at 1629cm-1 and 1540cm-1 represents peaks of the amide I and amide II, respectively. The resultant absorbent band of C-H stretching vibration in methyl groups appears at 2929 cm-1.
The strong and wide absorbent band at 3292cm-1 represents the stretching vibration of O-H and N-H groups of chitosan and gelatin; normally, amine I demonstrates absorbent band in vicinity of 3200cm-1 and 3500cm-1 and these bands are the free N and H stretching vibrations respectively. Wider band is due to hydrogen bond between gelatin and chitosan.
The obtained spectrum of ATR-FTIR spectrometry of CS/GEL /AV showed a strong and wide band at 3289cm-1 region and this peak is due to the stretching vibration of O-H groups of CS, GEL, and AV groups. Moreover, this region contains the peak of stretching vibration of N-H group that overlaps with O-H group. WGO contains high level of linoleic acid with strong absorbent peak at the same region.
Additionally, the diagram features strong absorbent band at 1635cm-1 region, which might be due to formation of ester or amide bond between COOH, -NH2, or -OH AV, CS, and GEL groups. At this region, CS features a peak of stretching vibration of amine group and C=O.
Absorbent band at 1558.58cm-1 regions is due to stretching vibration of C=C bond that indicates aloin and vinyl ether. Moreover, it indicates an aromatic ring of AV presence.
Absorbent band at 1240cm-1 represents stretching vibration of C-O group of ester and phenols. Additionally, the absorbent band at 1084cm-1 represents stretching vibration of C-O polysaccharides of AV.
In ATR-FTIR spectrometry of CS/GEL/H film, the absorbent band of C-H symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibration of CH2 group appears at 2929cm-1 region, which indicates pyranose ring. The band also indicates presence of aliphatic group in the compound. Additionally, the peak indicates stretching vibration of NH3+ of free amino acid and C-H of carboxylic acid. Increase in the peak at this region indicates proper bond of honey compounds with CS/GEL films due to functional groups of –OH and –NH2.
The peak observed at 1027cm-1 represents stretching vibration of C-O and C-C in carbohydrate structure.
In general and comparing with ATR-FTIR spectrum of CS/GEL/AV, the absorbent bands at 919cm-1, 1247 cm-1, and 1339 cm-1 confirm presence of honey in the composite.
As shown in Fig. 5, ATR-FTIR spectrum of CS/GEL/H/AV composite film is not notably different from that of CS/GEL/H film. This shows that AV is not highly effective on the interactions among CS, GEL, and honey. One reason for this can be the fact that AV was added at the final stage of preparation. Another notable point is strong interaction of honey with CS and GEL comparing with that of AV. Here, the absorbent band of 1250 cm-1 represents vibration of C-O phenol group of AV and absorbent band 1558 cm-1 represents stretching vibration of C=C bond of vinyl ether compound in AV. Each band have three units shift comparing with spectra of CS/GEL /AV thin film.
Microbial test included measuring the size of growth inhibition halo around the films and the additives used in the different samples. Size of the growth inhibition halo indicates the extent of antibacterial activity that is a function of the agent effective on antibacterial activity and their release rate in agar medium.
Antibacterial activity of honey and AV against gram negative and gram positive bacteria is examined. Honey developed growth inhibition halo with 30 and 28mm diameter against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively. AV gel showed no antibacterial activity (Fig. 5).
Antibacterial activity of CS/GEL film was also examined. The film showed no antibacterial activity (Figs. 6(A, D)) and one reason for this, is the limited release of the film in agar medium. Pereda et al. showed that the antibacterial activity of CS is not triggered without migration of the active agents. When CS is in solid state, only the organism in contact with the active site can be suppressed. Thereby, CS in its solid form cannot be released in agar medium, which means lower antibacterial activity [20]. Moreover, due to its carboxyl groups effect, GEL loses its antibacterial effects after its reaction with amine groups of CS. Lopez et al. surveyed the antimicrobial activity of CS powder against growth of gram negative bacteria and found that adding CS powder to bacterial culture was not effective on their growth. This can be explain by the low solvability of CS in physiologic pH and presence of inactive amine groups [21]. Saiz et al. showed that CS film is not an antibacterial agent against S. aureus and such effect can be found only in gel or solved states, where the amine groups of biopolymer are protonated (i.e. activated) [22].
Figs. 6(B, E) show the results of antibacterial activity of CS/GEL/H (H), CS/GEL/AV (AV), CS/GEL/H/AV (H/AV), thin films with concentrations of honey and AV (10% (w/v)). Clearly, at low concentration and mixed with other material, honey does not have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of honey against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were observed at concentration rate of 20%.
Based on the results, it can be concluded that CS/GEL/H/AV (H/AV) and CS/GEL/H (H) scaffolds are capable of preventing growth and proliferation of gram negative and gram positive bacteria at the infection site (Figs. 6(C, F) and Table 3).
Electrospinning of polymer solutions
Different elements were examined using electrospinning of polymer solutions without additive and eventually, 20kv voltage, 0.5ml/h discharge rate, and 14cm as the nozzle tip and surface gap were adopted as the optimum parameters for producing uniform fibers (Fig. 7(A)).
As noted, aqueous solution of CS is not suitable for electrospinning due to its high viscosity. The reason for the high viscosity of the solution is the strong hydrogen bond between NH2 and OH groups of CS chain. To facilitate CS electrospinning, PEO was added to the solution; doing so decreases inter/intra-molecular viscosity of CS and makes the solution suitable for electrospinning. PEO molecule attaches to backbone of CS and interrupts self-aggregation of CS chain through a new hydrogen bond between -OH group of the compounds and water molecules.
There are reports in other studies that toxic solvent that kill microorganism can be used for preparing nanofibers through electrospinning. However due to toxicity of such solution, acid acetic (0.5M) was used to the extent permitted by the solubility of CS without using any additive. To obtain uniform fibers without any node, CS/PEO ratio of 70:30 was adopted. It is also possible to use CS/PEO ratio of 90:10 for electrospinning. Taking into account that honey and AV would be added to the solution and that toxic solvents have been omitted which makes electrospinning more challenging that latter ratio was not used.
As shown in SEM images (Fig. 7(B)), honey 2% creates notable nodes. Therefore, electrospinning was not employed for high concentration of honey.
Electrospinning of CS/PEO with honey, AV, and blended of them as additives with ratio of 1% w/v is shown in Figs. 7 (C,E). Formation of nanofibers though electrospinning process took place with voltage of 21kv, discharge rate of 0.1ml/h and nozzle-surface gap of 15cm.
Images of fibroblast cells grown on the CS/GEL/H/AV films with CS/PEO/H/AV nanofiber and without nanofiber taken by invert microscope is pictured in Figs. 8(A, B) and percent of live cells was indicated. At the end of the second, fourth and sixth days, more than 90% of the cells are alive (Table 4).
Fig. 8, represent SEM images of fibroblast cells cultured on nanofiber containing films. The wide fibroblast cells appeared among the fibers are notable in the images. Clearly, the fibroblasts are grown on nanofiber containing films with acceptable physical appearance.
Fibroblast cells relatively preserved their appearance and developed wide, stretched and large. These cells were also developed among the fibers and demonstrated good adhesive feature. This indicates that the fibroblast cells have had effective interaction with the nanofibers to create a decent environment for cell growth.
SEM image of CS/GEL/H/AV thin film
As shown in Fig. 9, the CS/GEL/H/AV thin film was uniform and without pore and crack.
Hemolytic activities of thin films with and without nanofibers on blood agar medium are shows in Fig. 10. These results indicate that the samples are non-hemolytic.
The results represent that the hemolysis ratio of samples are well under 1%; that is similar to negative control (Fig.11) and (Table5). Therefore, the samples have an excellent hemocompatibility and can be used for medical applications.
In conclusion, the versatile thin films consisting of CS/GEL/H/AV possessed all the requisite morphological and biological properties. Thin films containing honey had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with significantly promoted flexibility and stretchability. Adding AV to the thin film provided mechanical strength support. This composite was non-hemolytic and supported the growth of fibroblast cells. Considering the biological properties of the thin films, they could be used as a biomaterial for treating wound, accelerating wound healing, and antibacterial coating. Moreover, the thin films were used as a base for CS/PEO nanofibers that contained the additives. Thus we can load drugs on this nanofibers for variety of purposes in medicine.
The authors would like to thank the University of Malek Ashtar for financial support.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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samadieh, S., & sadri, M. (2020). Preparation and Biomedical properties of transparent chitosan/gelatin/honey/aloe vera nanocomposite. Nanomedicine Research Journal, 5(1), 1-12. doi: 10.22034/nmrj.2020.01.001
samira samadieh; minoo sadri. "Preparation and Biomedical properties of transparent chitosan/gelatin/honey/aloe vera nanocomposite". Nanomedicine Research Journal, 5, 1, 2020, 1-12. doi: 10.22034/nmrj.2020.01.001
samadieh, S., sadri, M. (2020). 'Preparation and Biomedical properties of transparent chitosan/gelatin/honey/aloe vera nanocomposite', Nanomedicine Research Journal, 5(1), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.22034/nmrj.2020.01.001
samadieh, S., sadri, M. Preparation and Biomedical properties of transparent chitosan/gelatin/honey/aloe vera nanocomposite. Nanomedicine Research Journal, 2020; 5(1): 1-12. doi: 10.22034/nmrj.2020.01.001


Previous a Swedish (but slightly Norwegian) trunk.
Next made for each other.
Wow, what an amazing place. Thank you for sharing.
You're welcome, it was a beautiful spot!
An island made from accumulated stones now there's an interesting story. I'm definitely with you on leaving the group to explore on my own. But I cannot imagine traversing up amd down all those steps on a daily basis. These posts make me consider how vastly different our every day life is here in America.
I think we'd probably be better off if we did have steps like those that we had to go up and down them on a regular basis. Of course, here in Minnesota we would be taking our lives in our hands in the winter. Can you imagine those steps covered with ice and snow?
The tranquility exuded by these photos is a precious antidote to the hustle and bustle of daily life in the metro. I hope you have sweet memories every time you look at them!
Such a beautiful, picturesque town. I'll bet the stonemasons in town are kept busy! Love the stones in the water story and good to hear you supporting local vintners! Thanks for sharing.
What is it about those abandoned places that we find so appealing?!
Another fun stop. It would have been fun to be able to explore that little island with the monastery on it. The wine sounds tasty. I'm ready for the summer nights on the deck already.
Well, these are beautiful pictures Miss Quandie! You actually captured SILENCE it seems to me……I enjoyed looking! It is amazing how quickly it's Wednesday again……time is just flying by…….
Your trip has been outstanding and the pictures took me there. I envy every minute. There are places I have never heard of. Did you plan all this or did you have a trip advisor? Keep doing these wonderful trips while you are young. We are so glad we did our travelling while we could. Love and thanks for sharing. Betty from snowy Ontario.
Thanks so much for your comment Betty. I did pretty much plan research every port of call and plan what we would do there, but some of that was easy like this trip to Our Lady of the Rocks, which was a ship sponsored shore excursion.


I had a closet full of clothes that I didn't want to wear and felt overwhelmed thinking of going shopping to start fresh. I had just finished my training and was starting a new career as a professional and ready to look the part. As a short and youthful appearing person I have struggled with how to "shop" for my body. Pretty much every object in my closet was from a single outlet store and all in unflattering "petite" proportions. I was ready for a change. I found Liz via Google and have been unbelievably lucky to have found her.
Without a doubt, I was nervous to show her my closet. I'd say that 95% of my original clothes are now being donated to Goodwill and I'm so happy to get rid of them. Even though I live two hours from Liz we were able to find an entire new wardrobe in a day of personal shopping and some additional emailing/online purchases. I have been mostly impressed with how Liz really seemed to quickly understand my personality and how I want to be perceived. All of my new outfits make me feel amazing; I have more self-confidence now than ever. It may seem silly and superficial – but I've been so surprised at the change in my own perception of myself. I've never been a dress or skirt kind of woman – in my profession, I wanted to be comfortable and quick. Since working with Liz, 75% of my work outfits are dresses or skirts and I've felt more professional than ever. My patients, my staff, my colleagues – all are raving about the changes.
Overall, this was one of the best investments I've ever made in myself. It's been fun, educational, and I believe will be an enduring change for the better.


text:
A 132 year old tradition that's still going strong
On Tuesday, September 5th the anniversary of a hundred and thirty two year old celebration will pass. Today, most of us now have that celebration on the first Monday in September.
On September 5th, 1882 twenty thousand american workers marched in a parade from New York's City Hall to Union Square where they celebrated people just like you – the American worker The day was marked by speeches, concerts and a barbecue picnic. Every reader of this post consists of people behind the scenes that make this country tick and move forward. If it weren't for your hard work and dedication we wouldn't be what is known today as a first world country. It's quite amazing when you think about it because it was only a mere 238 years ago that what is now the United States was, in fact, born as a third world country on a continent called North America.
Since that time, you and your ancestors helped shape that third world backwater into some of the most respected people in the world. It is what you do every day that brings us honor, respect and civility as a people and what makes this nation great.
Our work at shaping that nation our lives and most especially, the great state of California is far from over. There are those whose notable exceptions seem to elevate themselves above all law through the ironic virtue of promoting it.
Ethics has become a focus for them even though they're quick to overlook their own lack of ethics, morals and values. Rather, they demand your silence so that they can speak with one voice. That's their breed of ethics. There are those of us who strive for justice every day we punch in and wonder why there is no justice within our own workplaces.
We wonder why the incompetent are elevated and the good are run out of town on a rail. We wonder what sense it makes to close twice as many courthouses as we've built and how that is truly serving our people.
We wonder how crooks can openly mandate arbitration and why justice, if it comes at all will come five years or more down the road.
We wonder how much justice is served by straddling our citizens with over eight billion dollars in infraction debt while at the same time unleashing criminals upon them because we lack the political will to protect them.
We wonder how an obscure little office in San Francisco can be given billions that just disappear under highly questionable circumstances while many of us worry about how we might get more hours to catch up on our mortgage payments or wonder if we will have jobs come the end of the year.
On Monday, September 1st you will meet with family and maybe some friends new and old. Tradition holds that it's likely you will share a picnic or a barbecue. You will celebrate the end of a summer. You will celebrate yourselves and your families as generations of the american worker.
On Tuesday, you will awake with resolve to protect your way of life so that you might enjoy these celebrations for years to come. You may do so privately, you may join others and take it on as a task force. But one thing is for certain, you won't let your sisters and brothers down because you are the American – and more importantly, the California workers that are responsible for shaping this states future.
U.S. Department of Labor history of Labor Day.
A tribute to the U.S. Job Corps
← Powerful Judicial Council Committee opens the public meeting doors for a brief glimpse before slamming them shut.
Martin Hoshino named new administrative director of the Judicial Council →
17 Responses "A 132 year old tradition that's still going strong" →
Happy Labor Day everyone.
Click to access Labor-Day-Parade-2014.pdf
wearyant
Thanks for the wonderful post and video, JCW! And the UMan is here working tirelessly for the working American as usual. Here's hoping the UMan gets to take a breather on Labor Day with his vod and tonic. Have a safe ride home, everyone, after your good Labor Day weekend. I trust the queen will be safe with her armed and skilled chauffeur. My condolences to him for pulling that dooty duty.
No rest for the Weary.
Today's installment of Tani's Follies. Published today, Tuesday, September 2, from Courthouse News Service, by Maria Dinzeo:
New Director for Troubled Court Agency
By MARIA DINZEO
SAN FRANCISCO (CN) – Martin Hoshino, head of operations for California's prison system, will take over next month as the next director of California's court bureaucracy.
Hoshino, 49, was chosen by the Judicial Council through a unanimous vote Tuesday. He assumes leadership of the council's staff, formerly known as the Administrative Office of the Courts, during severe funding crisis that has resulted in closed courthouses and mass layoffs of court employees.
The AOC has also come under fire from state lawmakers in recent years for mismanagement and wasteful spending and is currently under investigation by the Bureau of State Audits, whose findings are expected in January 2015.
The bureaucracy recently dropped the name AOC, and several days later, Director Stephen Jahr announced his retirement at the end of September. Jahr said he had been planning to retire since last year.
Hoshino brings to the job decades of experience in the state's executive branch. Before becoming Undersecretary for Operations at the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation in 2012, Hoshino worked at the State Controller's Office and the Office of the Inspector General, where he served directly under former Inspector General Steve White, now a judge in Sacramento Superior Court. "He was my Chief Deputy," White said.
White is president of the reform group the Alliance of California Judges, which formed in 2009 in response to the state budget crisis, taking on issues like AOC employee pensions and pay raises while courts were cutting staff, and a $1.9 billion failed IT project pushed by the AOC.
In a statement, White praised Hoshino's selection as a possible harbinger of change.
"Based on what we know of him from his work at CDCR, the State Controller's Office and the Office of the Inspector General, it is likely he would not have taken this position, even on an interim basis, unless he were given full authority to hire and fire agency staffers," White said. "We expect he will bring to the job a commitment to rein in the excessive spending and the overreach of the agency formerly known as the AOC, and that he has the background and the skills to shake up the administration of our branch. We wish him every success."
In recent years, Hoshino sat on the Trial Court Funding Work Group, a committee of judges and state administrators appointed by Governor Jerry Brown and Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye to evaluate the balance between central state control and local control of California's courts in the wake of landmark legislation that established a system of statewide funding for the trial courts, which had previously been run by local counties.
Hoshino referred to that experience in a statement Tuesday.
"When I served on the Trial Court Funding Work Group, I was impressed with the Chief Justice's commitment to a strong court system that efficiently provides essential government services, as it parallels the Governor's approach with Corrections," he said. "My own career encompasses a broad mix of statewide policymaking, oversight of budget and operations, and collaboration with the justice system and Legislature. I'm looking forward to applying my experience and administrative skills to serve the needs of the Judicial Council and the judicial branch."
http://www.courthousenews.com/2014/09/02/70982.htm
And now a word from Pravda:
http://www.courts.ca.gov/26992.htm
Judicial Council Names Martin N. Hoshino as Next Administrative Director
Contact: Peter Allen, 415-865-7740
State Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation executive brings substantial administrative experience
SAN FRANCISCO—The Judicial Council of California today unanimously voted to select Martin N. Hoshino, Undersecretary for Operations at the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), as the next Administrative Director. He will begin work October 1, the day after Administrative Director Steven Jahr retires.
"I am thrilled that Martin will be joining the judicial branch," said Chief Justice Tani G. Cantil-Sakauye, who chairs the Judicial Council. "He has served in the executive branch with distinction for 15 years and comes highly recommended for his administrative expertise and competence."
In heading up one of the CDCR's two principal divisions, Mr. Hoshino oversaw a $10 billion budget, 60,000 employees, 34 prisons, and a host of other facilities. In 2012, he was appointed by Governor Jerry Brown to the joint executive California Trial Court Funding Work Group, which was established by the Chief Justice and the Governor to evaluate progress on state trial court funding.
"When I served on the Trial Court Funding Work Group, I was impressed with the Chief Justice's commitment to a strong court system that efficiently provides essential government services, as it parallels the Governor's approach with Corrections," said Mr. Hoshino. "My own career encompasses a broad mix of statewide policymaking, oversight of budget and operations, and collaboration with the justice system and Legislature. I'm looking forward to applying my experience and administrative skills to serve the needs of the Judicial Council and the judicial branch."
Mr. Hoshino was selected after a nationwide search by a Judicial Council search committee. "We were fortunate to have well-qualified applicants," said Justice Harry Hull, a Sacramento appellate justice who headed up the committee. "Martin is highly regarded within the Brown Administration, has worked well with the Legislature, and his work experience reflects his deep and broad understanding of state government. One of his references called him an 'administrator's administrator.' Every judge and justice in this state understands that effective and efficient administrative leadership helps us to do our job of providing access to justice. The judicial branch and the people of California will be well-served by him."
Since 2003, Mr. Hoshino has served in various capacities at the CDCR: Besides undersecretary of operations, he has served as undersecretary of administration and offender services, executive officer at the Board of Parole Hearings, and assistant secretary at the Office of Internal Affairs. Before joining Corrections, Mr. Hoshino worked in the California Office of the Inspector General and the State Controller's Office. He earned a master's degree in public administration and political science from UC Davis. His salary will be $240,828.
And now a word from the Gov:
http://imperialvalleynews.com/index.php/news/california-news/10814-governor-brown-issues-statement-on-the-appointment-of-martin-hoshino-to-judicial-council-post.html
http://blog.sfgate.com/stew/2014/09/02/new-state-court-director-comes-from-prison-system/
Judicial Council Names New Administrative Director
Cheryl Miller, The Recorder
Martin Hoshino
SACRAMENTO — The Judicial Council has tapped an official from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation as its next administrative director.
Martin Hoshino, the corrections department's undersecretary of operations, will replace retiring Administrative Director Steven Jahr on Oct. 1, the council announced on Tuesday.
"I am thrilled that Martin will be joining the judicial branch," Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye said in a prepared statement. "He has served in the executive branch with distinction for 15 years and comes highly recommended for his administrative expertise and competence."
While with the corrections department, Hoshino has served as undersecretary of administration and offender services, executive officer at the Board of Parole Hearing, and assistant secretary at the Office of Internal Affairs. His résumé also includes stints in the state Office of the Inspector General and the controller's office.
In Hoshino, judicial branch leaders have chosen an administrator with ties to both the governor's office and the Legislature. He has often been the public face of the much-maligned corrections department during public and legislative scrutiny on issues ranging from prison overcrowding to solitary confinement practices.
"Martin has a distinguished record of public service," Gov. Jerry Brown said in a press release. "He did an outstanding job of helping the state manage its prison system during a very difficult period. He'll be a great help to the California judiciary."
Brown appointed Hoshino in 2012 to the Trial Court Funding Workgroup, a panel charged with measuring the judicial branch's compliance with the Trial Court Funding Act.
Hoshino said Tuesday that he "was impressed with the chief justice's commitment to a strong court system that efficiently provides essential government services, as it parallels the governor's approach with corrections."
Hoshino's salary will be $240,828.
Contact the reporter at cmiller@alm.com.
Read more: http://www.therecorder.com/id=1202668719991/Judicial-Council-Names-New-Administrative-Director#ixzz3CDMrncX2
He already knows the in JC crowd:
Click to access Agenda2014Apr21.pdf
What happened to J. Clark Kelso? Too well known? 😀
http://transparentcalifornia.com/salaries/2013/state-of-california/j-clark-kelso/
J Clark Kelso
FEDERAL COURT CONSULTANT
Regular pay:	$224,004.00
Overtime pay:	$0.00
Other pay:	$55,999.92
Total pay:	$280,003.92
Total benefits:	Not provided
Total pay & benefits:	$280,003.92
I with resignation, question that this guy Hoshino is some great reformer. If HRH-2 and Hull are once again now claiming he's the best qualified in the entire country to run the AOC, ( as they held forth with J Jahr), I am not buying what they are selling. HRH-2 and Hull lost all credibility long ago. I will never believe and support anything they propose , support or claim until they are removed, recalled or resign their offices.
Not a "reformer" Lando and Ant, but an enforcer. And fyi, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has its own form of SWOV: The Code of Silence.
One positive point: at least Mr. Hoshino has experience in dealing with criminals, so he should feel right at home at 455 Golden Gate Avenue.
courtflea
I'm with you Lando. Let's see how long this one lasts.
is this another pathetic attempt to curry favor with Brown?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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It's your boy KSI. And this app is about one thing: I. AM. A. BELLEND.
You might have already bought my book KSI: I AM A BELLEND. If you have: cheers. Now you can use this app to get FOUR videos that aren't on my YouTube channel, played by holding your phone's camera over images in the book. If you're too cheap to get the book (you total bellend), then it will still get you one exclusive video that's not on my channel.
And there's more, mo-fo. There's a keepy uppy game featuring ME breaking sh*t in my cartoon bedroom. Plus you can read a chapter of my book, and there are links to buy it if you like what you read. And, you WILL like what you read. Oh yes.
We license use of the App to you on the basis of this EULA and subject to any rules or policies applied by any appstore provider or operator (Appstore) from whose site, you downloaded the App (Appstore Rules). We remain the owners of the App at all times.
1. How do I use the augmented reality tool to watch the videos?
On pages 13, 15, and 161 of the book KSI: I Am a Bellend you'll be able to hover your device over these pages and a video will appear. When you see the play button appear, simply tap it and watch the video. Make sure you hold your device far enough away from the page to get the whole thing in it, but not too far that your device is trying to scan things outside of the book's pages.
2. What are the instructions for playing the game?
Move KSI left and right using the arrows in the bottom left corner. As the ball gets closer to KSI's head, knees, or feet, use the corresponding buttons on the right to hit the ball back up in the air. The longer you can keep the ball up in the air and off the ground, the higher your score will go.
3. Where do I buy the KSI book to use the app with?
You can getthe KSI: I Am a Bellend book in major bookshops and online. You can view a full list of retailers on this page.
4. Do I need to have the book to use the app?
Nope. But you can't watch the three videos otherwise. Sorry, bro.
5. Who created the KSI: I Am a Bellend app?
The Orion Publishing Group and Oakley Mobile have partnered to create this app.
6. My question isn't answered here. How do I get it answered?
Send us an email at enquiries@ksi.com and someone from the publisher or developer will get back to you.


Venus radio station http://www.venusradio.gr is a full radio station provide various types of music in Mykonos, Greece.
start to make the concept more related to the music and i get the idea of led. equalizer leds actually. going to represent it in Maya and finished with photoshop.
Then going forward to the A5 flayer design using the same concept and explosion of the music notes.


text:
Home › Opinions › Civility Essential For A Healthy Democracy ›
Civility Essential For A Healthy Democracy
By Reed Anfinson
Swift County Monitor-News
Our divided nation stands even more at odds in these days following the Democratic Party controlled U.S. House Judiciary Committee voting to send articles of impeachment for a full House vote. That vote is scheduled to take place this week with a Senate trial to follow.
There are two realities in America today.
One among supporters who believe that their president can do no wrong and that the Democrats are out of control in their pursuit to undo the 2016 election through impeachment.
The other reality exits for Americans who believe our country is led by a would-be dictator who believes he is above the law and has committed impeachable offenses in pressuring Ukraine to falsely accuse a political opponent of wrongdoing.
What chance there might have been for Americans to debate not just the grounds for impeachment, but every aspect of American governance, seems to be at an irretrievable end. We seem to have lost any semblance of the ability to have a civil conversation.
Civility says I will listen to you. Civility says we can disagree, but that we will respect each other. Civility doesn't require me to agree with you, just accept that you hold a different perspective and try to understand what's behind it. Civility is based on the belief that we can reach a compromise that will create a "more perfect union."
To reach that mutual understanding both sides must acknowledge a basic set of facts based in science, common sense, observation, study, conversation and open-mindedness. Frustration builds when facts we all should agree on become the kindling for partisan bonfires where truth goes up in flames. That is where we are today. It's all or nothing. It's win or there will be an uprising. It's agree with my world view or you will be faced with death threats. "My wife sometimes marks the time of how long we've been out of office with how long we've gone without death threats," former Arizona Republican Sen. Jeff Flake said of his life away from Washington, D.C. He didn't run for re-election in 2018.
There has been a steady coursing of political conversation and the destruction of faith in our fundamental institutions of democracy - our courts, our elections, and our national intelligence services. Last week the president called members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation "scum." Faithful civil servants who dedicate their lives to making government here and abroad work are villainized.
Our president's use of profanity at rallies is not uncommon. His demeaning of every person who opposes him is a requirement. When crowds are urged to follow his lead, how do you think they walk out of a rally and then talk with a neighbor who may have different political beliefs? How do the adults who walk out of the rallies teach their children the concept of civil conversation?
We understand that many who support Trump wish he would stick to policy, quit Twitter, and clean up his language. They see his policies on trade, immigration, and the economy good for America. Yet, with Trump, you get the package deal.
"Civility doesn't mean we all pretend to agree; it isn't 'niceness, that papers over disagreements. Differences matter — and we should debate them openly and freely. But how we debate, not only what we debate, also matters," Charles Haynes, a First Amendment scholar with the Freedom Forum writes.
Social critic and Christian writer Os Guinness looks at how Americans live together despite deep religious, political and ideological differences in his book The Case for Civility: And Why Our Future Depends On It.
"Civility, argues Guinness, doesn't stifle debate or dissent. On the contrary, genuine civility 'helps to strengthen debate because of its respect for the truth, yet all the while keeping debate constructive and within bounds because of its respect for the rights of other people and for the common good,'" Haynes quotes him.
Conservative New York Times columnist David Brooks has suffered the hatred of those who disagree with his writings that question Trump's policies, temperament and leadership. He has struggled with how to reply to these people when they scream at him and his family in public. His answer may seem too demanding today.
The "…more I think about it, the more I agree with the argument Yale Law professor Stephen L. Carter made in his 1998 book "Civility." The only way to confront people with angry, fixed views is with love, he says. Ask questions to understand their points of view.
"Paraphrase what they say so they know they've been heard. Show some ultimate care for their destiny and soul even if you detest the words that come out of their mouths.
Engage "with love, first, for your own sake. If you succumb to the natural temptation to greet this anger with your own anger, you'll just spend your days consumed by bitterness and revenge. You'll be a worse person in all ways," Brooks wrote of Carter's advice.
A number of polls have shown that Americans are concerned about the growing lack of civility in our culture. They fear it will lead to violence. They are right. Hate crimes have been on the rise.
"It should be possible both to believe deeply in the rightness of one's own cause and to hear out the other side," Brooks' colleague at the Times Nick Kristoff writes. "Civility is not a sign of weakness, but of civilization."
Newspaper A Civil Place For A Civic Conversation
Sorting Truth From Lie in Political Campaigns
We Must Retain Our Progressive Spirit
Peterson's Impeachment Vote Fits His District, But...
Swift County Monitor News
101 12th St. So.
Benson, MN 56215
Email: ads@monitor-news.com
Copyright 2012 | Swift County Monitor News | All Rights Reserved


text:
Q: How to setup slaves in mpi in Ubuntu? I am following the following link to setup a cluster. But I am facing an issue with ssh into another machine.
link 1 :
http://mpitutorial.com/tutorials/running-an-mpi-cluster-within-a-lan/
link 2 :
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MpichCluster
Currently I am in :

vagrant@vagrant:~$

When I create a mpiuser, and run su -mpiuser, it becomes

mpiuser@vagrant:~$

How to change it to (as show in link 2)

mpiuser@ub0:~$

A: "mpiuser@ub0:~$" means that you have logged into the node "ub0" as "mpiuser".
so you can use the ssh to do it
ssh mpiuser@ub0
Regards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The cost to have a oven control board replaced in my whirlpool range was ridiculously high according to all the repair shop we had called. Over 400.00 dollars, then we found Certified repair and because Mr. Radden says he was trained in electronic technology he would be able to repair my old board for only half the cost of a new one. Yes my oven works great now and with the guarantee on a new part, i'm glad we found Certified.
My whirlpool automatic washer went on the blink after my husband repaired some pluming around the house. The water would not stop running into the machine, Mr.Radden came out made the assessment the part needed to be ordered and in a week later my washer was back working again. Thanks no more laundry mat.
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Great shop. Nice man that does good work. I've had a vaccum cleaner repaired by him and bought bags and a belt, they always had the parts I needed and they don't overcharge for them.Ed Y Forrest Park, GA.
Prompt as he had started on the phone, when our fridge went on the blink we were desperate to get it repaired. Our whirlpool has a bad compressor time for a new fridge, thanks guys.


Happy 1-Year Birthday to Jbrary!
It's our 1-year birthday today!
We are so grateful to every single person who has supported us and watched our little YouTube channel grow. To celebrate, we'd like to share some Jbrary highlights interspersed with children's librarian themed "Hey Girl" memes featuring my nephew Blake because THAT'S HOW WE ROLL.
But those are just numbers. What's really made this year special is the people we've connected with. Our community of practice. The youth services librarians all across the world who we learn from every day and who inspire us to keep doing what we're doing.
So what did we get up to this past year? In addition to filming over 200 videos, we were also involved in some neat projects. We participated in the CLEL Bell Awards blog tour by highlighting our favourite books to sing. Thank you so much to Mel from Mel's Desk for allowing us to promote this awesome resource that highlights picture books that provide excellent early literacy development support. We also wrote a guest post for Pragmatic Mom featuring our Top 10 Multicultural Books to Sing. If you couldn't tell, we kind of like to share our love of music!
In an effort to share all of the wonderful resources we find on our blogroll each season, we also started writing a quarterly column for the newsletter published by the Young Adult & Children's Services section of the British Columbia Library Association. Our column in YAACING, "We'll Link To That," features all sorts of professional development goodies for youth services librarians. So far, we've written a column for Fall 2013, Winter 2013, and Spring 2014. We are super excited to keep giving shout outs to those who share their work online for us all to benefit.
Lastly, we've made an effort to provide new, weekly content on our blog. From storytime plans to evaluating our babytimes to reflecting on what it means to be an On Call Librarian, we spent the last year talking about things that advocate for our field. Our most popular post is our Superheroes Preschool Storytime, followed closely by Song to Get the Wiggles Out. We're also very proud to have participated twice in Flannel Friday, first with our Jamberry felt song and then with the catchy Pyjama Party song our co-worker Miranda taught us.
So where are we off to next? For starters, we plan to begin our second year as Team Jbrary by presenting a Guerrilla Storytime at the 2014 BCLA Conference on April 1st. Then in June we'll be heading to Las Vegas for our first ever ALA Annual Conference! We are so excited to meet all of our online friends in real life and hope to meet many new faces as well.
What a year, what a year, what a year, what a mighty good year!
Happy happy birthday! It's been a year already?
Happy Blog Birthday! Love your memes! So cute.
Thank you, Linda! Glad we're not the only ones who got a kick out of them!
How time flies! Congrats on your stellar first year of sharing uber-ness. Wishing you many more happy years ahead!!!
Marge, thank you for being such a great mentor and cheerleader! Here's to many more years indeed!
And I hope to meet you in person in Vegas!!
Happy Birthday!!! You two are amazing librarians and it's been inspiring to watch Jbray grow. Congratulations.
Thanks so much, Sarah! Couldn't have made it here without you!
A very belated but very happy birthday, Jbrary! You're such wonderful librarians and I'm thankful that you choose to share your songs and rhymes and wisdom!
Thank you so much, Katie! That's so nice of you to say!


text:
Q: Elasticsearch Sort by: element presence in the array and date I want to build a query on v5.6 where I find all books that:

*

*belong to a user or are marked as favourite by that user

*and then sort them by the fact that they are his favourite first and date desc.
Book record would look like this

{
  title: "book1"
  users_favourite: ["1", "2"],
  userid: "1",
  date: timestamp
}

I have most of the query but I don't know how to put favourite books on top and sorted by date:
{
  "from" : 0,
  "size" : 51,
  "query" : {
    "bool" : {
      "should" : [
        {
          "match" : {
            "users_favourite" : {
              "query" : "1",
              "operator" : "OR"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "term" : {
            "userid" : {
              "value" : "1"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "sort" : [
    {
      "date" : {
        "order" : "desc",
        "missing" : "_last",
        "unmapped_type" : "string"
      }
    }
  ]
}

So the output would be: all users favourite books first, sorted by date
followed by books owned by that user also ordered by date.

user's favourite
date

true
2021

true
2020

true
2018

false
2021

false
2019

false
2017

A: The general solution I would use is something like this
Regarding sorting:
GET social_unique_flat_verified_guesses/_search
{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 51,
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "users_favourite": {
              "query": "1",
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "userid": {
              "value": "1"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "_script": {
        "type": "number",
        "script": {
          "lang": "painless",
          "source": "doc['users_favourite'].contains(params.users_favourite) ? 1 : 0",
          "params": {
            "users_favourite": "1"
          }
        },
        "order": "desc"
      }
    },
    {
      "date": {
        "order": "desc",
        "missing": "_last",
        "unmapped_type": "string"
      }
    }
  ]
}

This tells elastic to first score all matched (1 or 0) if the book is in the user's favorite, then by year.
Also I would change the should clause for the user favorite to this
"term": {
      "users_favourite": {
        "value": "1"
      }
    }

Keep in mind that if the "users_favourite" field can be empty, or if the query can search for multiple user favorites the query needs to be a bit different. So let me know and I'll edit it


text:
The Yellabinna Regional Reserve is a protected area in the Australian  state of South Australia located about  north of Ceduna. To the west it borders Nullarbor Regional Reserve, to the south Yumbarra Conservation Park and Pureba Conservation Park. In the northwestern Section the 5,030 km2 Yellabinna Wilderness Protection Area (YWPA) is almost entirely surrounded by the Regional Reserve. The northern border in the western half of the reserve is formed by the Trans-Australian Railway.

The arid landscape is characterised by red sand dunes. The wildlife is adapted to the dry climate. Typical species are scarlet-chested parrots, Major Mitchell's cockatoos, thorny devils, sandhill dunnarts and malleefowls. The reserve is on the outside of the dingo fence, which borders it in the east. Therefore, it is situated in the area where dingoes are tolerated.

The regional reserve is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

See also
 Protected areas of South Australia
 Regional reserves of South Australia
 Regional Reserve (Australia)
 Yellabinna, South Australia

References

External links
Yellabinna Regional Reserve webpage
Entry for Yellabinna Regional Reserve on protected planet

Regional reserves of South Australia
Protected areas established in 1990
1990 establishments in Australia
Great Victoria Desert

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Extreme Heat, Border Wall, Kill Migrants
The remains of at least 214 people who died attempting to cross the Mexico-Arizona border have been recovered so far in 2020, and advocates blame extreme heat, the AP reports. The figure is just 10 shy of the overall annual record from 2010, according to the nonprofit Humane Borders and the Pima County Medical Examiner's Office, which together map recoveries of human remains. This year saw extreme heat — a hallmark signal of human-caused climate change — across the American West. Phoenix, Arizona endured its hottest summer on record with 144 days in triple digits and an average daily temperature around 110°F throughout July and August.
Those months were also the state's driest on record. Trump's border wall also likely contributed to the uptick in deaths. "The wall has sent a lot of people to rough terrain in our area," Santa Cruz County Sheriff Tony Estrada, a critic of the president and advocate for greater compassion in immigration policy whose jurisdiction includes Nogales, Arizona, told the AP. "It's like driving livestock into a canyon where they ultimately die." (AP; Climate Signals background: Extreme heat and heatwaves)
2020 Breaks US Wildfire Acreage Record
Trump EPA Keeps Old Ozone Standard


All of the action takes place inside and outside a studio for rent on the campus of PinkVille University in the city of PinkVille, a wealthy, modern and sprawling sanctuary city in the country of Pinkica—where they speak Pinklish– in the First World.
Scene 6: Week Five. Open Studio Apartment: Jill and Lee, News Soundtracks.


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Laurel Man Faces Human Trafficking Charges
September 24, 2016 by Jonathan Smith Leave a Comment
Police have arrested and charged a 46-year-old Laurel man with human trafficking involving two girls aged 13 and 15. Arthur Coleman has been also cited for prostitution, sexual solicitation of a minor, sexual abuse of a minor and attempted second degree sexual assault. Police busted Coleman after tracking him through an online advertisement.
Officers say they set up a sting with a female detective posing as a young girl. The detective contacted the 13-year-old, saying that she wanted to make money with her, and arranged to meet her and an older man in Columbia, Maryland. When they met, both the 13 and the 15-year-old girl were in the car with Coleman. After police took Coleman into custody, a search of his vehicle produced condoms, cash and a number of cell phones. Police also say they have evidence that Coleman rented hotel rooms in Maryland, Virginia and Washington, DC, using them as liaisons for the young girls to have sex for money.
Top-Rated Criminal Defense Attorney in Maryland
Jonathan Scott Smith, a Maryland Super Lawyer, has aggressively protected the rights of criminal defendants in Maryland for more than 30 years. He carries a perfect 10.0 Superb rating as a litigation attorney from AVVO, and has received the Client's Choice Award from AVVO, with an average client review of 5 stars (the highest rating possible). He is also widely respected by his colleagues in the legal profession, earning an AV-rating under Martindale-Hubbell's Peer Review Rating System. Smith was also recognized as a 2012 Top Rated Lawyer by The American Lawyer Magazine and Martindale-Hubbell.
Ellicott City Criminal Defense Lawyer
If you or someone you love faces criminal charges, contact our office by e-mail or call us at 410-740-0101 to schedule an appointment. We represent criminal defendants in Howard County, Baltimore County, Carroll County, Frederick County, Prince Georges County and Montgomery County in Maryland.
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He may be mini, but he still has the power to protect Gotham City. The toddler Dark Knight Rises Batman costume includes a soft polyester jumpsuit with screen-printed details on the front, like the Batman symbol, muscle definition and a gold utility belt at the waist. The wrists and ankles of the jumpsuit feature elastic bands to keep the costume secure and a velcro snap in the back allows for easy on and off. The mask features eye holes and a set of pointed bat ears. The cape is also attached to the back of the mask and a velcro clasp around the neck keeps the cape and mask fitting comfortably. Check out our Dark Knight rises costumes and accessories in all sizes!


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Pouilly-sur-Serre  es una población y comuna francesa, en la región de Picardía, departamento de Aisne, en el distrito de Laon y cantón de Crécy-sur-Serre.

Demografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 INSEE

Pouilly Serre


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The Missing Ink MMORPG Announces the Evil Genius Building Competition
Evil Genius Building Competition!
March 05, 2013 (PRLEAP.COM) Technology News
The Missing Ink MMORPG announces a building competition to design the game's very first raid zone. Build and design an evil genius lair and see your idea made into virtual reality.
Entries for the competition close on 1st May 2013 with the winner being announced on 31st May 2013. Full details can be found at the competition page: http://www.missing-ink.com/evilgenius.
Have you ever wanted to be the bad guy? Putting your dastardly plans into action from the comfort of your heavily guarded lair? Are you an evil genius in the making, ready to unleash mayhem across the virtual world?
If you answered yes to the above then we have some good news for you! The Missing Ink has just launched a building competition to design the game's first major raid zone.
Just register for the free-to-play game and you'll receive your own sandbox virtual world - we call them Blurbs - to build and share with friends via a simple web link – easy!
To enter the competition you need come up with, and build, an evil genius lair complete with its own boss and minions. Entrants can then post the background, details and any extra material such as concept art that they've come up with in the forums.
The winner of the competition will see their idea converted into the first major raid zone in The Missing Ink MMORPG and they'll also receive an engraved iPad Mini. But the prizes don't stop there. They'll also get a totally unique custom avatar made just for them – and we'll put a 3D statue of their avatar permanently on display in the game's starting area, known as the Ministry of Defending Stories.
Three runners-up will also receive custom avatars, and virtual oil paintings of their avatars will be hung on the walls of the Ministry of Defending Stories for all to see. Finally both the winner and all three runners-up will each receive a The Missing Ink, Inkling T-Shirt.
RedBedlam's Managing Director Kerry Fraser-Robinson commented "We think his is a great competition for all aspiring level and/or game designers. Good luck to all of the other evil geniuses out there."
Nick Witcher
The Missing Ink MMORPG
Email The Missing Ink MMORPG


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Q: How can I gain access to the contents of my password-protected RAR files? I am using Ubuntu 13.04. Before upgrading it i backup my files and when I installed and upgraded my Ubuntu to 13.04 I tried to restore my files but they were in password-encrypted rar files and I forgot the password.
I searched in web and tried many windows applications through Wine. But error messages flashed "deficiency in wine." So I searched the web for Ubuntu softwares and found John the Ripper but the problem is, I don't understand how to use it. And I am not aware of how to browse the directories from terminal.

A: You can browse directories using cd <directory_name>\<inside_directory_name> in terminal. Or just type cd and some initial letter (case sensitive), then press Tab to autocomplete folder name.
Try this software
http://rarcrack.sourceforge.net/
All instructions are given in page, I am writing from it for any fureture references,
Save the package to a location, say Downloads.
Open up a terminal, type cd Downloads (we are changing to Downloads directory)
execute tar -xjf rarcrack-0.2.tar.bz2 → this will extract the files.
Get into the extracted folder, execute cd rarcrack-0.2
Compile the program, execute make
Install the program by executing sudo make install
Now this program is installed.
Usage
Open a terminal, use cd to goto directory where you file is stored. say named abc.rar
run rarcrack abc.rar --threads <thread_num> --type rar
Provide a numeric value instead of thread_num. This is number of threads. If you have multicore processor use it. A simple rule like, 2x no of core in your system. Like quad core i7, provide thread number as 8. Increasing this number to a greater value may cause system hang.
Once completed, started the rar crack will create an xml file  in same directory with current password. You can stop the tool and modify the xml to define the character set to be searched next time you run the tool.
As I told earlier, it takes long time to break a password. To check for a 5 character long  alpha-numaric password (no upper case), will take around 13 days if the tool process 50 keys/sec.
More technical details if you are interested - http://anrieff.net/ucbench/technical_qna.html


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Expo World
Video offers Expo 2025 preview with 900 days to go
During the first International Participants Meeting in preparation for Expo 2025 Osaka Kansai, and marking 900 days to go until the opening of the Expo, a new video rendering of the World Expo site has been revealed.
The video shows the Expo site complete with its wooden grand roof, with images of the different parts of the Expo including Pavilion World, Green World and Water World.
The two boys who travelled to Expo 1967 Montreal in a pony cart
For some, the prospect of visiting a World Expo is an opportunity that cannot be missed. When Expo 1967 took place in Montreal, Tony Whittemore and his brother Jeff, aged only 11 and 9, were desperate to discover the Expo's magic. The only problem – they lived 350 miles away, in Needham, Massachusetts.
Expo 1967 Montreal
Three key post-Expo legacy principles to bear in mind
Richie Santosdiaz
Despite the challenges of Covid-19, Expo 2020 Dubai successfully ran from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022. Foreign dignitaries such as Prince William, and the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF), Professor Klaus Schwab, and performers including the likes of Alicia Keys and Coldplay, were among the millions of people from around the world who visited the impressive Expo site that was specially built for the world's largest gathering of people.
5 iconic buildings created for Specialised Expo 1957 Berlin
Sixty-five years ago today, on 6 July 1957, the "Interbau" international building exhibition – Specialised Expo 1957 Berlin - opened its doors to the public in Berlin's Hansaviertel neighbourhood. The Expo, which took place in response to the housing shortage in West Berlin and sought to showcase the modern architecture, transformed the area and left behind a variety of architectural masterpieces. With a total of 53 architects involved in the large-scale project to build "the city of tomorrow", discover five iconic buildings from Expo 1957 Berlin:
Expo 1957 Berlin
5 artistic masterpieces created for Expo 1937 Paris
Eighty-five years ago today, on 25 May 1937, countries from around the world gathered in Paris for the opening of a six-month World Expo dedicated to arts and technology in modern life. Taking place in a unique context of geopolitical tensions and social change, the works of art commissioned for Expo 1937 Paris stood out not only for their scale, aesthetics, and creative significance, but also for their political and social meaning. Here are five iconic masterpieces, all created for Expo 1937 Paris:
5 things you might not know about Expo 1967 Montreal
It was on 28 April 1967 – 55 years ago today – that Montreal invited the whole world to discover "Man and his World" at Expo 1967. The spectacular World Expo, which marked Canada's Centennial, gathered 60 countries and registered over 50 million visits during its six-month run. Here are five interesting facts about Expo 1967 Montreal:
5 things you might not know about Expo 1992 Seville
30 years ago today, Spain welcomed the world as it opened the gates to Expo 1992 Seville, themed "The Age of Discovery". Here are a few facts about the World Expo that you might not have known:
Expo 1992 Seville
Inside Expo – Expo 2020 Dubai, the conclusion
With Expo 2020 Dubai having closed its gates on the night of 31 March 2022 after 182 fabulous days, the final episodes of the Inside Expo podcast take a look at some of the Expo's iconic pavilions, its dedication to the UN's SDGs, and how to say goodbye.
Expo 2020 Dubai Inside Expo
Inside Expo – Expo anecdotes and Dubai's golden ring
As Expo 2020 Dubai enters its final days, the latest episodes of the Inside Expo podcast look at some of the pop culture that has stemmed from past Expos, as well as the fascinating story of the gold ring that inspired Expo 2020 Dubai's logo.
Your Expo journey - Meraki Rover discovers Expo 2020 Dubai
Meraki Rover
We are Shabnam and Sid from Toronto, and we had the chance to visit Expo 2020 Dubai as part of our travels. We found the World Expo to be an incredible and unique experience of creativity, culture and what the future holds for us.
Expo 2020 Dubai Share your Expo 2020 Dubai experience
Inside Expo – the vision for Dubai, and the Worker Wellness Programme
The latest episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast explore the Vision Pavilion and the story it tells of Dubai's journey, as well as the innovative approach the Expo Organiser took to protect the health and wellness of workers on the Expo site.
Your Expo journey - Thomas Blakemore discovers Expo 2020 Dubai
Thomas Blakemore
Expo 2020 Dubai has been a phenomenal opportunity to learn about the cultures, history and innovations from countries around the world. Visiting the tremendous pavilions has been an exciting adventure that has felt like travelling the world all while being in one place.
Inside Expo – connecting physically and virtually
Physical and virtual connections are the subject of the most recent episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast, with an exploration of the broader meaning of mobility, as well as the limitless opportunities of virtual content and collaboration.
Your Expo journey - Flor and Maldo discover Expo 2020 Dubai
Flor & Maldo
Being a nurse couple from Abu Dhabi, we were so lucky to visit the world in one place to see countries' expertise and what they can offer. More often, they talk about on how to save the planet with advanced technologies.
Inside Expo – iconic architecture, and the poetry of AI
The latest episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast look at the architecture of some of the Expo's most prominent landmarks, as well as the Expo's role in incubating and showcasing Artificial Intelligence technologies.
Your Expo journey - Leader of No One discovers the Expo 2020 Dubai passport
Bradley Harris
After living in Dubai for the past 5 years, I've felt the excitement for Expo 2020 grow and grow. After the intense wait it had finally opened and I don't think anyone could have imaged how large and vast this crazy event would be.
Inside Expo – cultural development, old and new
The shared human interest for other cultures and for past cultures is at the heart of the latest two episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast.
From Dubai to Doha: Can the Middle East become a leader in food and agricultural sustainability?
The Middle East region, and in particular the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region consisting of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain, is increasingly a pioneer in sustainable agriculture and food practices, as is demonstrated by World Expo 2020 Dubai and Horticultural Expo 2023 Doha.
Your Expo journey: Dream Team Travels discover Expo 2020 Dubai
Dream Team Travels
We came to the Expo when Terra – the Sustainability Pavilion opened as part of the Pavilion Premiere last year, and we fell in love with Expo 2020 Dubai. We were so excited to come back this year to see what else Expo 2020 Dubai had in offer, and were even more in awe. The World Expo has really surpassed all our expectations.
Inside Expo – the promise of youth
The two latest episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast are dedicated to the promise of youth, with a focus on how young people are empowered at Expo 2020 Dubai, and on the 11-year-old girl who conveyed the sense of hope at the Expo's Opening Ceremony.
Inside Expo – telling the Expo story, and the site's hidden stories
In the latest two episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast, learn about the ways the Expo's message and experience are conveyed, and discover some of the hidden gems built into the Expo site.
Inside Expo – Expo 2020 Dubai's music & Expo superfandom
The latest episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast pay tribute to some of Expo 2020 Dubai's most prominent musical creations, as well as to Expo 'superfans'.
Inside Expo – the power of the majlis, and Expo robots
The latest two episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast address the role of majlis – a space for conversation and dialogue – in serving as a model for Expo 2020 Dubai, as well as the evolution of robots in Expos over the decades.
Inside Expo – the inspiration behind Latifa and Rashid
In the latest episode of Inside Expo, Expo 2020 Dubai's podcast, learn how the Expo's mascots - Latifa and Rashid, their robot guardians Opti, Alif and Terra, and Salama the Ghaf tree – came to life.
Inside Expo – from Expo 1970 Osaka to Expo 2020 Dubai
For its first episode of 2022, Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast turns its attention to the history of Emirati participation in Expos, dating back to Expo 1970 Osaka.
Inside Expo – Legacy and Innovation
The three most recent episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's Inside Expo podcast focus around two key aspects of all Expos: their legacy, and the innovations they showcase.
Inside Expo - Sustainability and the history of broadcasting
The Inside Expo podcast has released three new episodes in the past week, with two episodes dedicated to the sustainable innovations presented at Expos, and one episode focused on technological advances in communication as seen through Expo 1939 New York and Expo 2020 Dubai.
Inside Expo – The BIE and Expos, and Expo 2020 Dubai's tangible solutions
In the latest two episodes of the Inside Expo podcast, learn about the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), from its Secretary General, Dimitri S. Kerkentzes, and discover how Expo 2020 Dubai is helping to build a more resilient future for all through its Expo Live programme.
Inside Expo – New frontiers and unexpected hurdles
The newest two episodes of Inside Expo - Expo 2020 Dubai's podcast series – look near and far in terms of the earthly and the celestial factors that shape World Expos.
Inside Expo – Perceptions and progress
The two latest episodes of Expo 2020 Dubai's podcast, Inside Expo, continue in the exploration of the meaning behind the Expo and what visitors can discover there.
Inside Expo – What is an Expo?
Expo 2020 Dubai – the first World Expo to take place in the Middle East, Africa & South Asia (MEASA) region, themed "Connecting Minds, Creating the Future" – opened its gates on 1 October 2021 and will welcome millions of visitors before it closes on 31 March 2022.
Vancouver in motion: 35 years of Expo 1986
When Vancouver, the largest city in Canada's British Columbia province, hosted a Specialised Expo in 1986, it joined the Pacific Northwest's other major cities, Seattle (1909, World Expo 1962), Portland (1905) and Spokane (Specialised Expo 1974) as hosts of international exhibitions. Looking back on the 35 years since Expo 1986 Vancouver, this event has also gained important symbolism as the last Expo hosted in North America, with the gap between then and now far longer than the previous interval (between 1940 and 1962) caused by the interruption of World War II.
Expo 1986 Vancouver
Keeping children fighting fit during the Covid-19 pandemic
With the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic having led to various degrees of restrictions around the world – often for extended periods – keeping an active body and mind emerged as a key challenge. This is of particular importance for children and teenagers, whose active lifestyles were in some cases abruptly halted by stay-at-home limitations and school closures.
Expo 2020 Dubai Expo 2020 Dubai Innovation Series
The Expo songs that came before 'This Is Our Time'
Music has played a central and prominent role in Expos since the very first editions that took place in the 19th century. Driven by technological and social advancements, Expos have always had a strong musical element, putting the spotlight on new instruments, genres and musicians, and holding memorable performances. From Belioz's concert at Expo 1855 Paris to Edgar Varèse's Poème électronique at Expo 1958 Brussels and the Scorpions' Moment of Glory concert at Expo 2000 Hannover, music beats through the heart of all World Expos.
Transforming a public health crisis into an environmental solution
With two billion people in the world lacking access to toilet facilities, poor sanitation is a global problem responsible for the transmission of diseases, malnutrition and an estimated 432,000 deaths annually. This issue is easily preventable, with investment in improved sanitation reaping significant long-term benefits on health and well-being.
An app to boost job opportunities for those with hearing impairment
An estimated one billion people around the world are living with disabilities, and while great strides have been made towards inclusion, people of determination remain at a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion. As a result of physical barriers, unsuitable tools and discrimination, the employment rate is significantly lower than the overall average.
Building a better future thanks to the creativity of children
When faced with challenges, we naturally turn to experts, scientists, engineers and researchers to find and create appropriate solutions. But what if we also asked and listened to children for their ideas on improving the world?
Fostering cross-border dialogue to strengthen traditional livelihoods
For rural and pastoral communities in cross-border regions, restrictions on mobility as well as limited resources can pose a major challenge to livelihoods. Coupled with the impact of climate change and intercommunity tensions, the situation can rapidly hamper the whole region's economic and social well-being.
Bringing health services within calling distance
Half the world's population does not have access to essential health services, a figure that is all the more dramatic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. With many of the world's poorest countries having less than one doctor per 1,000 people, improving access to healthcare is a global priority.
Saving trees and lives by making fuel from waste
About half of the wood cut down every year around the world is used to produce energy, mostly as fuel for cooking and heating. While this significant and unsustainable use of wood fuel perpetuates deforestation and contributions towards carbon emissions, the livelihoods and survival of many of the world's poorest people relies on such energy, with one third of the global population dependent on wood or charcoal for cooking.
Fighting malnutrition with better seeds
mercredi 4 août 2021
Around the world, almost half of all deaths in children aged under five are caused by poor nutrition. Chronic malnutrition in children stunts the development of the brain and body, increasing the likelihood of illness and negatively affecting the child's chances of staying in education – leading to lower earnings and ultimately trapping people in a cycle of poverty.
Mamapreneurs ensuring the best early start for all children
Early childhood care and education offers pre-primary-school-age children the opportunity to develop emotional and social capabilities required to thrive in school, and increases their chances of reaching their full potential later in life. Yet only about one in five young children in low-income countries are enrolled in pre-school, and many working parents have little choice but to leave their young children with informal or inadequate care providers.
Joining forces to secure water resources
Around the world, the continuous growth of cities puts pressure on the environment and particularly on water resources; it is estimated that 80 per cent of wastewater is released into the environment without adequate treatment. With two thirds of the world's population living in severe water scarcity at least one month per year, it is vital to manage water resources in a sustainable manner.
Follow the plastic brick road
The production of construction materials has a significant negative environmental impact: cement alone accounts for between five and 10 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). In addition, plastic waste is an increasing global problem, oceans expected to contain more plastic than fish by 2050. With the world's rising population, plastic waste and demand for construction materials are also set to grow.
Cutting down plastic pollution with edible bowls
Only nine per cent of all plastic ever produced has been recycled; 12 per cent has been incinerated and 79 per cent has ended up in landfill or the natural environment. Global production of plastic waste is about 300 million tonnes every year, almost equivalent to the weight of the entire human population. Plastic waste related to food and beverages – including plastic bottles, bags, straws, wrappers, cups and utensils – are a significant portion of this total.
A greener way to welcome refugees
When people are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution or natural disaster, the provision of basic necessities is the utmost priority, but their welfare is also heavily dependent on the environment of where they settle. Deforestation, soil erosion and the depletion and pollution of water resources are among the most significant challenges that can be associated with the arrival and residency of internally displaced people and refuges.
Accessible eye examinations using smartphones
Around the world, a staggering one billion people suffer from some form of preventable or treatable vision impairment. This ranges from moderate and severe vision impairment to blindness, with the leading cause being uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts. A lack of access to necessary medical equipment and professionals means that visual impairment is four times higher in in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income regions.
Redirecting 'waste' food to the tables of those in need
The FAO estimates that around one third of global food production is lost or wasted each year, a subject that was at the heart of the most recent World Expo – Expo 2015 Milan, themed "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life". This challenge is a global one – rich countries waste around the same amount of food as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, hunger remains a global problem with around 9% of the world's population lacking access to sufficient food.
Breaking mental health stigma through online therapy
Accessing mental health services can be a major challenge, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, where more than 65 million people suffer from mental health issues. Care providers are stretched thin, with as few as one psychiatrist per 100,000 people in the MENA region, while social stigma, discrimination and neglect often prevent people from attending psychotherapy clinics or seeking help. With two-thirds of global population not seeking treatment because of these challenges, and suicide the second-highest cause of death among young people, the need for mental health services is greater than ever.
Building flood resilience with amphibious housing
The impact of climate change, infrastructure projects and increased population means that 2 billion people around the world are expected to be vulnerable to flood disaster by 2050. While addressing the causes of flooding is essential, it is also imperative to improve flood resilience in the most affected areas, with people's lives and livelihoods increasingly threatened by intense and unpredictable weather events.
Les points de vue exprimés dans cette rubrique sont ceux de contributeurs externes à l'Organisation et ne reflètent pas nécessairement l'avis et la position du BIE. Consultez cette page pour savoir comment contribuer au blog


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Holocaust survivor is saved again
NEW YORK (FOX5NY.COM) - Jack Betteil has a long history of survival. The 95-year-old was 16 when World War II broke out. He was sent to six concentration camps before being freed in Austria.
"They took away my parents right away. My uncles, my aunts—everybody was sent to Auschwitz," he said. "I had a strong will to live and part of my makeup was humor."
The Holocaust survivor was saved back then and a second time earlier this year. He was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis, a condition that doctors say can be deadly if left untreated.
Open-heart surgery wasn't an option because of his age, so Dr. Bruce Rutkin opted for a catheter-based approach.
"So TAVR—trans-catheter aortic valve replacement—is essentially a type of valve that can be crimped or placed into a catheter and we can deliver a new valve placing it right in their existing valve without removing it and without opening the chest," Dr. Rutkin said, "giving them a new functioning valve through a very minimally invasive technique.
Doctors say a normal artery is in the range of 2 to 4 centimeters. A new valve made of metal with leaflets from a pig's heart was implanted. They open and close with every beat to restore normal blood flow.
Jack enjoys carving Native American art and making his own jewelry. He says feels like he is 65.
"I'm 95, I'm ready to go, and here Dr. Rutkin put something in my heart and I'm alive again," Betteil said. "I'm looking forward to living to be at least 100."
That is because his barber promised him a free haircut and he won't give up the appointment.