text:
Ticalc.org
TI Story Home » TI Community Sites » Ticalc.org
http://www.ticalc.org
Isaac Salpeter
#calc-ti
#ticalc
Your Internet headquarters for TI graphing calculators
Unofficial TI-Calculator Home Page
Official Fargo Home Page
Official ZShell Home Page
Connect-85 and ZShell Pages
Site Genre
Ticalc.org is the premier site in the TI community. It is not only the place where everybody goes for TI calculator games and programs and likewise where people upload their games and programs, but it is the very face of the TI community itself and having your project or website featured on its front-page news brings with it a high level of prestige and honor. It has been involved in the TI community since 1996, and is the only TI site from that time period that is still actively maintained today.
The ticalc.org site has an unparalleled archive of TI calculator games and programs. Due to the fact that it has been operating since 1996, it has collected most of the games and programs that have been released by the TI community for the various TI graphing calculators over the years. However, a lot of the files that have been uploaded to ticalc.org are rather poor quality as the ticalc.org file archivers were often overwhelmed with lots of programs being uploaded and simply let everything through. Its archive of TI-83+ TI-Basic programs, for example, contains close to 100 quadratic solvers.
Due to its long run as a website, the site also acted as the main news site for the TI community until 2015. Whether it is a new game, program, computer application, or website, ticalc.org covered many of the important happenings in the TI community over the years. In fact, if your program or website gets features, it is a mark of quality; TI community members even boast about getting their project featured on ticalc.org. Unfortunately, ticalc.org experienced four periods (2002, 2008, 2010 and 2015) where they rarely posted news and by the end of 2010, the website's status as the main source of TI community news started to be called into question, resulting into other community sites taking the lead in informing the TI community about releases and happenings. However, Ticalc.org still remains a very popular source of program downloads and their file archives are still updated on a regular basis. Its mailing lists were also quite popular when they were active from 1997 to 2002, with lots of user activity and good discussion going on at any one time.
Ticalc.org has had some of the TI community's most distinguished programmers as staff members over the years, most notably Ahmed El-Helw, David Ellsworth, Kirk Meyer, Michael Vincent, and Corey Taylor. In addition, several of its members have been involved with other TI sites and programming groups including Nikky Southerland (CalcGames), Morgan Davies (CalcGames), Nathan Haines (Stuntworks), Bryan Rabeler (The Fargo Archive), Patrick Stone (Suicidal Psycho Software), and Eric Sun (Dimension-TI).
Isaac Salpeter — founder
Magnus Hagander — original
Chris Dornfeld — original
Henrik Edlund — original
Amitai Schlair
Nikky Southerland
Ryan Boyd
Astrid Smith
David Ellsworth
Joey Gannon
Phil Genera
Nathan Haines
Jonathan Katz
Jason Malinowski
Kirk Meyer
Ivan Papusha
Bryan Rabeler
Travis Evans
Andy Selle
Patrick Stone
Eric Sun
Alex Tran
Michael Vincent
Nick Bendler
Niklas Brunlid
David Critch
Morgan Davies
Nick Disabato
Ahmed El-Helw
Steve Whittaker
Site Significance
Ticalc.org is the longest running TI calculator site, and has the largest collection of games, programs, tutorials, etc. in the TI community. Simply put, it is the first stop you make when visiting the TI community. It has hosted several prominent TI calculator sites, including Void Productions, Icarus Productions, The Doors Team, TI-Chess Team, and SiCoDe Software. It also popularized giving out awards to the best programs that were released, having the TI community vote on which programs from the archives they thought were best. The Program of the Year (POTY) award is still ongoing, but the Program of the Week (POTW) and Program of the Month (POTM) awards have been discontinued due to issues with fairness and impartiality with the program selection, as well as because of insufficient number of featured programs being released by the community.
Site Milestones
February 2, 1996 — Collaborative web site suggested by Isaac Salpeter to maintainers of the Unofficial TI-Calculator Home Page (Chris Dornfield), The Official ZShell Home Page (Henrik Edlund), Connect-85 and Unofficial ZShell page (Magnus Hagander), and other major TI Internet resource maintainers
June 21, 1996 — Ticalc.org unveiled to the public
March 2, 1997 — Bryan Rabeler joined ticalc.org staff after running The Fargo Archive
June 1997 — Andy Selle joined ticalc.org staff
June 25, 1997 — First ticalc.org overhaul completed
June 21, 1998 — ticalc.org's two year anniversary
July 7, 1998 — File archives hit 5,000 files
August 15, 1998 — 25,000,000 requests served
September 5, 1998 — Niklas Brunlid added to staff
September 6, 1998 — Program of the Week (POTW) award started
September 14, 1998 — The ticalc.org newsletter is started
September 27, 1998 — Over 1 million requests served in one week
October 2, 1998 — Program of the Month (POTM) award is started
October 5, 1998 — Ahmed El-Helw joins the staff
October 7, 1998 — Kirk Meyer added to staff
November 10, 1998 — Public apology issued by Bryan Rabeler for TI-Files hacking incident
February 7, 1999 — First four sites are hosted by ticalc.org: link cables (linkcables.ticalc.org), Sami Khawam's Home Page (sami.ticalc.org), Stuntworks Home Page (stuntworks.ticalc.org), and Turbosoft Home Page (turbosoft.ticalc.org)
February 13, 1999 — Void Productions hosted at ticalc.org (void.ticalc.org)
March 2, 1999 — Two more sites hosted by ticalc.org: Philip's TI-85 Page (philip.ticalc.org) and Dragons Lair Productions (vlink.ticalc.org)
March 3, 1999 — Compatible ASM Programs for the TI-86 (more486.ticalc.org) now hosted at ticalc.org
March 4, 1999 — Three more sites hosted by ticalc.org: Icarus Productions (icarus.ticalc.org), SiCode Software (sicode.ticalc.org) and Doors Team (doors.ticalc.org)
March 5, 1999 — Bryan Rabeler fired by ticalc.org
March 9, 1999 — New hosted site, TI-82 Asm Corner (karma.ticalc.org)
March 15, 1999 — Another hosted site, Ahmed's homepage (ahmed.ticalc.org)
March 26, 1999 — ticalc.org teaches 50,000,000 requests
March 30, 1999 — Another hosted site, IRC (irc.ticalc.org)
April 1999 — Phil Genera added to ticalc.org staff
April 2, 1999 — Davidsoft Software (davidsoft.ticalc.org) hosted
April 5, 1999 — Mike Tussey Productions (magic-quest.ticalc.org) hosted
April 8, 1999 — MXM Projects (mxm.ticalc.org) hosted
April 27, 1999 — Symbulator (scs.ticalc.org) opens
April 25, 1999 — Kirk's homepage hosted (kirk.ticalc.org)
June 21, 1999 — Nick Disabato added to ticalc.org staff
July 2, 1999 — Destination Software (dsoft.ticalc.org) hosted by ticalc.org
August 12, 1999 — Second ticalc.org overhaul completed
October 16, 1999 — A record 1,672,857 requests served in one week
February 25, 2000 — Over one hundred million requests (100,000,000) served
September 3, 2000 — ticalc.org's requests exceed 2,000,000 in one week
November 1, 2000 — POTM award ended due to issues with fairness and impartiality
February 6, 2001 — ticalc.org reaches 15,000 files
April 3, 2001 — Over two hundred million requests (200,000,000) and 3 terabytes (3,298,534,883,328 bytes) served
June 21, 2001 — ticalc.org's five year anniversary
May 9, 2002 — ticalc.org reaches 20,000 files
2003 — Program of the Year (POTY) award started by ticalc.org
October 4, 2003 — Move to a new main server
March 4, 2004 — ticalc.org teaches 500,000,000 requests
May 29, 2004 — ticalc.org teaches 50,000 User accounts
July 16, 2004 — Total number of screenshots in the archives reaches 50,000
December 4, 2004 — Over 10 terabytes (10,240GB) of data transferred
June 21, 2006 — ticalc.org's ten year anniversary
December 21, 2008 — Over 20 terabytes (20,480GB) of data transferred
May 6, 2010 — ticalc.org moves to a new server in Germany
Ticalc.org has used the URL http://www.ticalc.org since its very beginning. Isaac Salpeter bought the original domain name and provided the hosting through his Florida State University account. The hosting has changed, however, as Magnus Hagander hosted the site on his own server in Sweden and then moved to a new server located in Germany in 2010.
Site Screenshots
(Screenshot of Ticalc.org homepage circa 1997)
Revival Attempts
Politics & Drama
Site Hosting
(Taken from ticalc.org hosting page)
We host only TI-related web sites of two kinds. One kind is software "companies" who develop games or programs for TI calculators and have released games or programs in the past. The other type is informational sites with content such as tutorials or hardware information. It is our intention not to host "competing" sites (for example, those with separate file archives). We only host 'established sites', meaning that the site has to be up and running before you get hosted, to make sure it's an active site.
We provide reliable, advertising-free web space and exposure to quality TI calculator web sites that have something unique to offer. Most often we host sites maintained by programmers and groups of programmers or sites containing information that complements what we already provide. Check them out! We're proud to host some of the best TI resources you'll find on the web.
Here is a list of sites that were hosted by ticalc.org for various periods of time:
Link Cables — http://linkcables.ticalc.org
Compatible ASM Programs for TI-86 — http://more486.ticalc.org
Deep Brain Activity — http://dba.ticalc.org
Icarus Productions — http://icarus.ticalc.org
Linux Programmer Group — http://lpg.ticalc.org
MXM Projects — http://mxm.ticalc.org
TIGCC — http://tigcc.ticalc.org
Prosit — http://prosit.ticalc.org
Jonah Cohen — http://jonah.ticalc.org
Sami Khawam — http://sami.ticalc.org
Ahmed El-Helw — http://ahmed.ticalc.org
Philip Graf — http://philip.ticalc.org
Kirk Meyer — http://kirk.ticalc.org
Dines Justesen — http://dines.ticalc.org
Multiplex Programming — http://multiplex.ticalc.org
SiCoDe Software — http://sicode.ticalc.org
Doors Team — http://doors.ticalc.org
TI-82 ASM Corner — http://karma.ticalc.org
TI-Chess Team — http://tict.ticalc.org
Void Productions — http://void.ticalc.org
BAPG — http://bapg.ticalc.org
Dragons Lair Productions — http://vlink.ticalc.org
Endeavor — http://endeavor.ticalc.org
Davidsoft Software — davidsoft.ticalc.org
GtkTiLink — http://gtktilink.ticalc.org
HillVisions — http://hillvisions.ticalc.org
IRC — http://irc.ticalc.org
Connect-85 Hardware — http://c85.ticalc.org
Stuntworks Calculator Division — http://stuntworks.ticalc.org
The Guide — http://guide.ticalc.org
Symbulator — http://scs.ticalc.org
Programmers Anonymous — http://pa.ticalc.org
SImmoralTech — http://simmoraltech.ticalc.org
SK Programming — http://skti.ticalc.org
T&T 89 — http://visualos.ticalc.org
TI-AI — http://ti-ai.ticalc.org
Turbosoft — http://turbosoft.ticalc.org
Destination Software — http://dsoft.ticalc.org
Mike Tussey Productions — http://magic-quest.ticalc.org
Scott Noveck — http://scott.ticalc.org
Tezxas — http://tezxas.ticalc.org
Doomsday Horizons 85 — http://dh85.ticalc.org
TI Hardware — http://tihardware.ticalc.org
Note: Some of the sites later switched hosting to Dimension-TI (calc.org). In particular, Void Productions, Symbulator, and Destination Software; David Hall of SiCoDe Software also founded a parody TI programming group called PsychoCorp that used Dimension-TI for hosting.
(Taken from old ticalc.org about page)
The ticalc.org project is a collaborative effort geared toward the numerous fans of Texas Instruments' Graphing Calculators. Derived from several large Internet resources, ticalc.org aims to act as a headquarters for all available information on the subject. As there are presently a high number of existing Web and FTP sites focusing on the calculators, many of questionable necessity and originality, the project is an attempt to make available at one location as much valid and useful information as possible.
While the site has the potential to become sophisticated in terms of Web technology, the focus is more on compatibility, ease of use, and the best possible organization of information to satisfy the broadest audience possible.
ticalc.org's content includes that formerly found at the following Internet sites:
The Unofficial TI-Calculator Home Page
The Official Fargo Home Page
The Official ZShell Home Page
Magnus Hagander's Connect-85 and ZShell pages
All of the content has been reorganized and pooled into ticalc.org, and the maintainers of these sites now collaborate to bring you this server.
(Taken from TI-GCM interview in February 1998 issue)
TIGCM: What were the beginnings of ticalc.org like?
Magnus: Back then, there were a couple of big sites operating. There was "The Unofficial TI Calculator Home Page" (still available in our History section) by Chris, The Official ZShell Home Page (the FAQ is in our History section, the site itself is not) by Henrik and the ZShell Fan Page by me (sadly, not available in our history section). There was also a huge list of smaller TI sites that was maintained by Amitai Schlair. One day, those of us who worked those sites, as well as some other major players in the TI arena (such as Dan E) got a mail from this guy, Isaac Salpeter (I had already been working with Isaac on some other TI related projects - he wasn't completely unknown), asking what we thought about joining all these sites together into a single "complete" site. We were all very interested, and Isaac ended up registering the domain name and setting up a Linux server running from his room at Florida State University. A couple of months later, ticalc.org was opened up (It took a lot of work to fix up the site well - and everything was done manually back then).
TIGCM: When did you decide that a site like TICALC.ORG needed to be started?
Isaac: Around the time of TINSOL (TI Net Sites On-Line). I realized that TI hobby pages were proliferating like mad. I watched developers plead for people to think twice before setting up a new page, heard complaints from users unsure where to find the latest versions of programs, and realized the ideal solution would be a single site to find everything.
TIGCM: What prompted you to create TICALC.ORG when you already had an excellent "Unofficial TI Calculator Home Page?"
Isaac: I'll defer to Chris Dornfeld on this one, as he was the originator of the UnPage:
Chris: The site is more than what the UnPage was. It's more official in the sense that it's the headquarters for just about everything - ZShell, Connect-85, and soon-to-be Fargo. Isaac saw the opportunity and suggested it to the major page maintainers several months earlier, and we did the best we could by integrating all of our content and doing away with individual credit.
TIGCM: Who makes up the TICALC.ORG project? How many people are involved?
Isaac: The primary project members are Chris Dornfeld, Magnus Hagander, Henrik Edlund, and I. Chris, as I mentioned, is the former maintainer of the UnPage and is the primary designer of the pages on ticalc.org. Magnus, who many readers may know as the primary developer of Zshell 4.0, helps maintain the server, drawing on his own experience as a professional system administrator. Henrik, who ran the old Official Zshell Home Page is now the primary FAQ writer, and assists in keeping the site updated. I initially rounded up the team members and provide the hardware and network connectivity, as well as update the site and other assorted tasks entailed in maintaining a living server.
We're also working loosely with David Ellsworth (developer of Fargo), Dan Eble and Rob Taylor (more ZShell developers), and Amitai Schlair (former TI Net Sites maintainer), who is presently off-line.
Bryan Rabeler wrote the ticalc.org Newsletter until Kirk Meyer took it over after Bryan was fired from the site.
http://web.archive.org/web/19990221123407/http://www.ticalc.org/features/newsletter/index.html
Chris Dornfeld wrote the first article for ticalc.org on July 25, 1997.
http://web.archive.org/web/19971014092259/http://www.ticalc.org/features/columns/article1.html
A particular handful of computer enthusiasts has contributed hundreds of hours of programming and web site maintenance and thousands of dollars' worth of computer equipment to operate a variety of public Internet services. An unusual scenario? Hardly. What's remarkable about this situation is that the individuals in question have donated their time and hardware for free. Perhaps even more of note is the source of this elaborate undertaking: calculators.
I'm talking, of course, about the extended staff of the ticalc.org project. At this point, many ordinary people are all arriving at the same, logical question: Why? As a member of this group, I'm in a position to give my feelings on why this site exists and what keeps us going. First I'd like to dispel any beliefs that we're somehow funded by Texas Instruments or bribed to keep this site going. (At this point, many ordinary people have just arrived at a complete loss for hypotheses on the big question.) As our top-level domain implies, we are not in this for profit. We do not offer advertising. We also do not yield any spectacular fame from the project.
What would possibly possess ordinary people to put all this together? I'll do my best to explain. There are a great myriad of TI-calculator-related sites online. Everyone with a calculator and an AOL account, it seems, feels obligated to slap together some redundant programs and graphics and launch their own Average Joe's TI-8x Page. Where do we get off distinguishing ourselves from the crowd? Well, we are different. We like to think we offer a degree of quality control to this chaos. We fancy that our pool of skills is more capable than that of any other web site staff to meet the challenge of running the most complete TI web site. And, encouragingly, we've proven this in the past. Our dedicated server gave us the opportunity to host our own domain name. Such an investment is immediately a sign that we're serious enough about what we're doing. Our server lets us offer services not everyone else can: anonymous FTP, mailing lists, a search engine, and more. We have taken advantage of the ability to use programming to make our web site more functional. The end product is evidence that we, ourselves, have the know-how to put it all together.
That's great, right? Why don't we pool our skills toward something more useful, like another Quake site? I answer this by saying that I like to think we're making lots of people happy. I like to think this because I see visits from dozens of countries in our web server logs, because I sense the excitement throughout the community of TI enthusiasts when the latest breakthrough is made, and because I've seen how unhappy many people became when they could no longer take our web site's consistency for granted. About this last part I am not proud, and admittedly our problems have often extended beyond hardware flukes into a lack of motivation on our parts. But as I watch this site turn into the resource I wish had existed when I first turned to the Internet in search of expanding my graphing calculator's usefulness, the more I feel it is worth it.
Countless high schoolers in the United States buy TI graphing calculators each year on recommendation of their math teachers. And as the Internet's popularity grows, many of them are discovering that there's much more to be done with their investments than finding the slopes of parabolas. It's about making the most of an investment and unlocking the full potential of a surprisingly complex device. As people continue to seek these ends, I'm happy to be a part of uniting them with the tools and information they need. That's the satisfaction of putting in my effort and asking nothing in return.
Chris Dornfeld, 25 July 1997
communityfeaturedsites


If, despite all reasonable efforts, you are unsuccessful in collecting an overpayment of $3,000 or more ($5,000 or more in estate cases), refer the overpayment to the DOJ, through the ARC MOS.
However, do not refer a death case of more than $5,000 when there is no estate (GN 02215.150).
NOTE: Unsuccessful efforts to collect funds misused or misapplied by a representative payee, or transfer funds conserved by a former payee may also be referred to the DOJ.
To enforce collection through civil suit, the Government must be able to prove its case based on the information provided in the Claims Collection Litigation Report (CCLR) (see GN 02215.168).
The criteria for referral to DOJ are the same for title II and title XVI. See GN 02215.150.
Do not refer to DOJ when one or more of the following documentation, notification, etc., requirements cannot be completed.
Do not refer to DOJ when a new or updated SSA-632-BK must be completed and the individual refuses to cooperate.
See GN 02215.150B.5. for instructions on determining ability to repay.
Follow guidelines in GN 02215.150B.3. for reporting debt to the U.S. Attorney.
Send a notice to the individual to inform him/her that the overpayment matter will be referred to the DOJ unless refund is made within 30 days of the date of the notice.
A Certificate of Indebtedness (GN 02215.166).
See GN 02215.165 for additional documentation instructions before referring the overpayment claim to the RO.
If the DOJ (U.S. Attorney) requests a listing of the checks involved in the overpayment claim, see GN 02215.175A. for additional instructions.
Do not make any further requests for refund.
However, accept any refund offered, as long as the individual has not received notice from the U.S. Attorney.
Forward the refund to MATPSC, P.O. Box 3430 Philadelphia, PA, 19122. (Be sure to include the claim number on the check).
Notify the RO by telephone.
RO will notify the U.S. Attorney by telephone.
NOTE: See GN 02403.006 and MSOM DMS 003.001 for processing remittances received in the FO.
Accept only a full refund.
Call the RO, which will call the U.S. Attorney to inform him/her of your actions.
Contact U.S. Attorney if the proof offered is questionable or if no proof offered to support the individual's allegation of repaying the overpayment.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last night for Family Home Evening, or FHE as it is often known in Mormon land, we had a short spiritual thought from Sermons in a Sentence, my new favorite get-me-thinking book, and then family game night. We love playing games together, but rarely have we had this much fun. We laughed ourselves silly.
Blythe played with us! I know those of you have played games with us before are shaking your heads in disbelief because she usually refuses to play any games and prefers to draw over in the corner, but I pinky swear, it is true!
AND SHE WON! Yes, she beat me! 288 to 256! Go Blythe GO!
This girl that says she "hates math" played not only a board game with her family, but a math game! This, my friends, is a banner day to be recorded in memoriam forever!
I bought Sumoku a few weeks ago as the next step up in Fisher's math game progression. He learns best by playing games so I am always on the lookout for games the two of us can play together. I thought it would be perfect for him. It turns out it was a little confusing for him last night, but I think if just the two of us play without the crazy loudness of the girls it will be a great fit.
It is kind of a twist of Qwirkle (another huge favorite here!) and Scrabble and is chock-full of heaps of math! Best game ever!
There are tiles with numbers on them with six different colors and each row or column can only have one of each color in it. At the beginning of the game a die is rolled and whatever number turns up is THE number for the whole game – all columns and rows must add up to a multiple of that number. Then your score is the sum of all the numbers in the row or column you played on. So much calculation! I, being the number lover, expected to love it, and I did. I wasn't so sure how my children with less of a number affinity would enjoy it, but they did as well so as Kat would say, WINNER, WINNER, CHICKEN DINNER!


text:
How to get a top chef to cater your next dinner party
As a nation of foodies, our hunger for gastronomic highs and bespoke experiences cannot be satisfied. Dan Stock investigates the new culinary craving for top chefs to create private dinner parties in our own homes.
For the food obsessed, it is the equivalent of having Kylie Minogue sing at your birthday party.
But you needn't be a sheik, an oligarch, nor have suitcases filled with cash to have your favourite chef come around to cook you dinner. Welcome to the 'experience economy,' where star-powered catering is pitched at mere mortals.
Among the many hats Christine Manfield wears – speaker, cookbook author, television presenter, gastronomic tour host – she's added a catering chef's hat to her collection.
Having closed her Sydney restaurant Universal in 2013, the acclaimed chef now consults for Pearl Catering, and along with mentoring staff, guiding menus and generally "putting my signature across their offering," Manfield will also cook at your event.
"There's the chance to get up close and personal with me, in a way, more so than in a restaurant," she says.
From menu creation through to its execution, Manfield says the freedom that one-off occasions afford is one of the biggest drawcards for her as a chef.
"With events, creatively you can really let rip," she says. "You can have more fun, creating the fantasy around an event and theme through the food and how it's presented."
The appeal of a bespoke experience is driving the growth of these private chef dinners. "People want to create a special memory. They're seeking something that's not accessible on an everyday level, and want to create something unique," Manfield says.
There are around 3700 catering companies in Australia and, according to the most recent Restaurant and Catering Australia figures, NSW and Queensland are leading the charge, gaining 3.2 per cent and 3.8 per cent respectively from 2011-2016. And as the industry grows, it is also adapting to customer demands, with boutique catering on the rise.
Pearl Catering general manager, Craig Durston, has seen the expansion of customers wanting to create their own experiences. "People are engaging with food like never before. They have an interest in it, they spend time and money on it," says Durston. "Having an event at home is part of that."
Clients wanting the next level for their event have fed the trend towards celebrity chef collaborations. "There are only so many ways to style or dress a room. This led to clients wanting named chefs to cook for them," he says, adding that hosts pay between $4000 and $10,000 for Manfield to prepare a menu and cook in their homes. "Yes, it used to just be for the rich and famous, but people are now realising they can actually have such an event at home."
Kylie Pagent is one such host, who commissioned a Christine Manfield menu to be served when she recently threw a 70th birthday party for 22 friends and family at her Sydney home.
"We were fans of Universal, and before that, the Paramount (another Manfield restaurant), which we loved," she says. "The highlight was being able to watch the chefs in the family kitchen, cooking such an extraordinary meal."
This article was originally published on Delicious on September 17, 2017. Read the full story here.
Next news: Ginger Spice Cream Cookie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Het sterftecijfer (of het sterftegetal, de mortaliteit) is het aantal sterfgevallen in een populatie in verhouding tot het aantal individuen in die populatie, per tijdseenheid. Het wordt vaak uitgedrukt in sterfgevallen per 1000 inwoners per jaar. Het kan gaan om een aantal van de gehele bevolking of alleen binnen een bepaalde groep en het kan gaan over doden in het algemeen of specifiek als gevolg van een bepaalde ziekte.

Het kan gaan om gerealiseerde sterftecijfers, maar ook om prognoses voor toekomstige jaren.

Als men eenvoudig spreekt over het sterftecijfer of het bruto sterftecijfer in een land bedoelt men het recente sterftecijfer voor de gehele bevolking van dat land.

Dit bruto sterftecijfer kan overigens een misleidende indruk geven. Bijvoorbeeld kan het aantal sterfgevallen per 1000 mensen hoger zijn voor ontwikkelde naties dan in minder ontwikkelde landen, ondanks dat de gezondheidsstandaard beter is in ontwikkelde landen. Dit komt doordat in ontwikkelde landen meer oudere mensen zijn, die in een bepaald jaar een hogere kans hebben om dood te gaan dan jongeren, zodat het totale sterftecijfer hoger kan zijn. Een vollediger beeld van mortaliteit wordt gegeven door een "sterftetafel" die afzonderlijke mortaliteit op elke leeftijd samenvat. Een sterftetafel is noodzakelijk om een goede raming van de levensverwachting te geven.

Om sterftecijfers in ziekenhuizen te vergelijken is de Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio (HSMR) ontwikkeld.

Statistieken

Nederland in verhouding tot Europa
Het sterftecijfer van Nederland is met 8,5 (2013) lager dan het gemiddelde sterftecijfer in de Europese landen. Gemiddeld stierven er in de Europese Unie 9,7 mensen per 1000 inwoners in 2008. In Bulgarije is het sterftecijfer met 14,3 (2013) het hoogst. In Ierland is het sterftecijfer het laagst met 6,4 (2013).

Sterftecijfers in Nederland
Uit de statistieken blijkt dat de meeste sterfgevallen plaatsvinden in de provincie Zeeland, met 9,6 personen per 1000 inwoners (2004, CBS Doodsoorzakenstatistiek). Zeeland heeft een hoog percentage 65-plussers.

De gemeente met het hoogste sterftecijfer is Warmond, met in de periode 2000-2004 21,5 mensen per 1000 inwoners.

Flevoland heeft het kleinste aantal sterfgevallen in Nederland. In 2004 stierven er 5,1 per 1000 inwoners. De gemeente Zeewolde heeft 3,3 sterfgevallen per 1000 inwoners en heeft daarmee het laagste gemeentelijke sterftecijfer van Nederland. Het lage sterftecijfer wordt veroorzaakt door een laag aandeel ouderen in Flevoland.

Zuigelingensterfte
Het kindersterftecijfer is het jaarlijkse aantal sterfgevallen van kinderen jonger dan vijf jaar oud per duizend levendgeborenen. Gaat het om kinderen jonger dan één jaar oud, dan spreekt men van het zuigelingensterftecijfer.

De tien landen met het hoogste zuigelingensterftecijfer zijn:

Verschil tussen man en vrouw
Gemiddeld is de totale sterfte onder mannen ongeveer anderhalf keer zo hoog als onder vrouwen. Uiteraard zijn er verschillen per land.

In Polen is bijvoorbeeld het sterftecijfer onder mannen 12,2 per 1000 inwoners terwijl onder vrouwen het sterftecijfer 6,8 per 1000 is.

In Nederland is dat 8,8 en 5,6 per 1000 voor mannen en vrouwen respectievelijk.

In de EU mag dit verschil geen rol spelen bij pensioenpremies en -uitkeringen, en sinds eind 2012 ook niet bij premies en uitkeringen van overlijdensrisicoverzekeringen en lijfrenten.

Force of mortality
De force of mortality  van een bepaalde populatie is het instantane sterftecijfer per tijdseenheid (de limiet, als het tijdsinterval naar nul gaat, van de kans op sterven in een tijdsinterval bij iemand die aan het begin van het tijdsinterval nog leeft, gedeeld door de lengte van het tijdsinterval). Deze hangt statistisch onder meer af van de leeftijd en het tijdstip (beide als continue variabele). Als het een populatie is van mensen met een bepaalde geboortedatum dan zijn de variabelen gekoppeld en is de tijd als variabele voldoende. Als het gaat om kansrekening met betrekking tot een bepaald persoon dan geldt dit uiteraard ook.

In een tijdsinterval waarin de force of mortality constant verondersteld wordt komt deze overeen met de vervalconstante (tevens de afnameconstante van de exponentiële afname), en neemt de kans voor een persoon die op een bepaald tijdstip leeft, om op een bepaalde latere tijd in het tijdsinterval nog te leven exponentieel af als functie van die latere tijd. Als de geboortedatum 1 januari van enig jaar is, is er de vereenvoudige situatie dat de leeftijd als geheel getal tegelijk met het kalenderjaar wisselt. De force of mortality zou bijvoorbeeld constant kunnen worden aangenomen per kalenderjaar, wat dan op hetzelfde neerkomt als per leeftijdsjaar. De kans om op een bepaalde tijd nog te leven is dan een continue, stuksgewijs exponentieel dalende functie.

In het algemene geval geldt voor de overlevingskans op tijd x + t van mensen met een bepaalde geboortedatum die op tijd x leven dat die geschreven kan worden als

Het sterftecijfer, uitgedrukt als fractie per jaar, is dus, met x het begin van het jaar, en met de tijden in jaren:

De resterende levensverwachting op tijd x van iemand die dan leeft is:

Voorbeeld 1:

 is constant. Het sterftecijfer is steeds:

De resterende levensverwachting is steeds  (corresponderend met het begrip vervaltijd), onafhankelijk van x.

Voorbeeld 2:

 is gedurende een jaar  en daarna . Het sterftecijfer is het eerste jaar

en daarna

De resterende levensverwachting vanaf het tweede jaar is steeds . Op een tijdstip x in het eerste jaar is deze:

Prognosemodel van het AG
Het Koninklijk Actuarieel Genootschap (AG) definieert in het prognosemodel AG2018 de eenjarige sterftekans , met  en  gehele getallen, als de kans dat iemand die op 1 januari van het jaar  leeft en op 1 januari van het jaar  geboren werd, op 1 januari van het jaar  gestorven zal zijn. Het gaat dus om de sterfte in jaar  van mensen die op 1 januari van dat jaar  jaar worden. Als  met 1000 wordt vermenigvuldigd krijgt men het verwachte aantal overledenen per 1000 mensen.

De force of mortality  is de limiet, als het tijdsinterval naar nul gaat, van de in een tijdsinterval stervende mensen als fractie van het aantal mensen aan het begin van het tijdsinterval, gedeeld door het tijdsinterval in jaren. Daarbij is  de continue tijd in jaren (op 1 januari gelijk aan het jaartal) en  de continue leeftijd. Deze  wordt in het model van AG per kalenderjaar constant verondersteld, en is dan binnen elk jaar de vervalconstante van het aantal nog levenden. Er geldt dan voor gehele  en :

Hiermee kunnen de sterftekans in een jaar en de force of mortality (binnen het jaar constant verondersteld) dus in elkaar omgerekend worden. Bij een sterftekans van 0,1 is de force of mortality bijvoorbeeld 0,10536.

Zie ook
 Geboortecijfer
 Micromort
 Demografie

Externe links
 Kaart sterftecijfer gemeentes Nederland
 Monitoring van het sterftecijfer in België  - Sciensano
 EUROMOMO - Monitoring van het sterftecijfer in Europa

Demografie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CT scans create a three-dimensional image of the inside of a patient's body and are invaluable in diagnosing various injuries and ailments.
Fluoroscopy is a technique for obtaining live X-ray images of a patient, allowing radiologists to watch the images on a monitor. It is often used to observe the digestive tract in procedures like an Upper GI series.
Myelography involves introducing a needle into the spinal canal and injecting contrast material around the spinal cord and nerve roots. The result is an extraordinarily detailed picture of the spinal cord and the spinal column.


Description Top of the sea stack in image 406 is visible in lower left. The flat plain surrounding the stack was the base of glacial Lake Wisconsin. In the distance are two other remnants of Cambrian sandstone whose steep walls show evidence of wave erosion associated with the glacial lake.


text:
Porifera name details
Geodia globostella Lendenfeld, 1910
Porifera (Phylum)
Demospongiae (Class)
Heteroscleromorpha (Subclass)
Tetractinellida (Order)
Astrophorina (Suborder)
Geodiidae (Family)
Geodiinae (Subfamily)
Geodia (Genus)
Geodia globostella (Species)
unaccepted (junior synonym)
Geodia globostellifera Carter, 1880
Geodia Lamarck, 1815
Fossil range
recent only
Lendenfeld, R. von. (1910). The Sponges. 1. The Geodidae. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer 'Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding, and of other Expeditions of the Albatross, 1888-1904. (21). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 41(1): 1-259, pls 1-48. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Carballo, J.L.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.C. Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M. (2021). World Porifera Database. Geodia globostella Lendenfeld, 1910. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=191320 on 2022-01-21
Vanden Berghe, Edward
van Soest, Rob W.M.
Boury-Esnault, Nicole
original description Lendenfeld, R. von. (1910). The Sponges. 1. The Geodidae. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer 'Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding, and of other Expeditions of the Albatross, 1888-1904. (21). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 41(1): 1-259, pls 1-48. [details]
Website and databases developed and hosted by VLIZ · Page generated 2022-01-21 · contact: Nicole de Voogd


DeLong, in La Grande. A service will be held at 2 p.m. Feb. 25 at the Willamette National Cemetery in Portland. An obituary is forthcoming. Arrangements are entrusted to Daniels-Knopp Funeral, Cremation & Life Celebration Center.
Laurel "Joyce" Madsen, 87, of La Grande, died Feb. 15. A funeral service will be held at 10:30 a.m. Feb. 23 at the Hermiston Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Burial will follow at the Hermiston Cemetery. Memories of Joyce may be shared at www.burnsmortuaryhermiston.com. Arrangements are under the direction of Burns Mortuary of Hermiston.
Kenneth M. Frank, 88, of Cove, died Feb. 19 at St. Luke's Regional Medical Center in Boise, Idaho. An obituary is forthcoming. Loveland Funeral Chapel & Crematory will be handling the arrangements.


At the Y, we're passionate about improving our community's health and well being.
To us, being healthy means more than simply being physically active.. We strive to bring families closer together, encourage better health, and foster connections through fitness, sports, fun and shared interests. At the Y, it's not about the activity you choose as much as it is about the benefits of living healthier on the inside as well as the outside.


Game is pretty good, though they've done better. Advergaming seems to be a dying trend, but Wrigley is committed to it. Any ideas why?
They've invested so much in the campaign, man. And as long as people are looking for crap to do when they're bored, I don't know that advergaming will ever entirely go away.


'Coalition and Beyond: Liberal Reforms for the Decade Ahead' is published this Saturday, 15th September, at the Glasgow conference.
With a foreword by Nick Clegg, and ahem edited by me, it brings together 20 essays by a disparate group of liberals.
Some will have you nodding along in agreement; others will probably have you spluttering in disbelief. That's as it should be. Nowt worse than group-think, especially in a party wrestling with how to defend its record in government while renewing itself ready for the next election.
Liberal Reform, which has brought the contributors together, is offering a sneak preview of the first essay – it's by David Boyle, and explores the distinction between choice and competition in public services. What I love about this chapter is its emphasis on treating the 'consumer' as an individual citizen. To read it in full click here and hand over all your data to Glenn Greenwald sign up to Liberal Reform's mailing list.


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These on-line stores over the years have built trust with their customers they usually deal straight with manufacturers of the products they sell. There are cheaper sites like Tmon or 11st , so Gmarket doesn't make sense to shop on-line for locals. Merchandise: Right here you should buy workout and sports activities gear and equipment, ranging from baseball bats to trainers.
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text:
National Rifle Association Programs
Allow To Carry
Anti-Gun Groups
Weapon Issue
The Federal Ban
The BATF
Refused to Renewal
Why Congress Refused to Renew the Federal "Assault Weapon" Ban
A study of the ban mandated by Congress concluded, "the banned guns were never used in more than a modest fraction of all gun murders" before the ban, and the ban's 10-round limit on new magazines wasn't a factor in multiple-victim or multiple-wound crimes.40 A follow-up study found "gunshot injury incidents involving pistols [many of which use magazines that hold more than 10 rounds] were less likely to produce a death than those involving revolvers [which typically hold five or six rounds]" and "the average number of wounds for pistol victims was actually lower than that for revolver victims."41 Crime reports and felon surveys showed that "assault weapons" were used in only 1-2 percent of violent crimes before the ban; 42 crime victim surveys indicated the figure was 0.25 percent.43 In the 10 years before the ban, murders committed without guns outnumbered those with "assault weapons" by about 37-to-1.44 Also, most crimes committed with such guns could be committed with other guns, and some could be committed without guns.45
Moreover, violent crime, which began decreasing three years before the ban, continued decreasing as the number of firearms, including "assault weapons" and other semi-automatics, increased. This is true whether based upon the Violence Policy Center's proposition that virtually every semi-automatic rifle and shotgun should be considered an "assault weapon,"46 or its fall-back position, that "assault weapon" should be redefined to include not only multiple-attachment guns banned in 1994, but one-attachment guns made to comply with the ban.47
Between 1991-2006, U.S. total violent crime and murder rates decreased 38 percent and 42 percent, respectively and preliminary reports from the FBI indicate that rates dropped further in 2007.48 Meanwhile, the number of privately-owned firearms has risen by more than 75 million, about one-third of them being semi-automatics, and about 15 percent of semi-automatics being "assault weapons."49 The number of ammunition magazines that hold more than 10 rounds rose by 50 million during the years of the ban alone, according to the ban's House sponsor.50
Also, the ban's 10-round limit on new ammunition magazines infringed the right of self-defense. Police officers carry multiple standard-size magazines for good reason—their protection. Other citizens have the same right to protect themselves, and the arbitrary magazine limit potentially put them at a disadvantage against criminals. The limit had other flaws too. Criminals who fire guns fire only three shots on average,51 and those that fire a greater number could defeat a magazine limit by carrying multiple magazines or multiple guns. There was no evidence to justify a limit on magazine size, let alone the arbitrary number of 10 rounds.
One can hope that Congress also objected to the truly un-American tone of the rhetorical question that the Brady Campaign repeated ad nauseum during the ban, believing that it alone shouted down any possible opposition to gun prohibition. The question, "who needs an assault weapon,?"52 was, of course, illegitimate. In America, the burden of proof is not upon those who wish to exercise rights, it is upon those who wish to restrict rights, and there is no evidence that an "assault weapon" ban reduces crime. An irrational bias against guns, mixed with an assumed sense of intellectual, social or cultural superiority to gun owners, may seem to gun control supporters like sufficient grounds to ban firearms, but such notions are insufficient in a democracy.
For Banned Assault Rifles and Gun Renewal Law. Click here.
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Educators Credit Union is a not-for-profit financial cooperative that is open to anyone that lives or works in Rock Green, Walworth and other SE Wisconsin counties. Educators offers competitive rates and very few fees or minimum balance requirements. We also offer many financial education resources and tools to help people better understand financial matters and make more informed financial decision.


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COURT RULES: PLANNED PARENTHOOD PARTIALLY DEFUNDED WHILE LAWSUIT MOVES FORWARD
July 12, 2019 | From LifeNews.com
Lord, we thank you for this victory! We pray that further defunding of Planned Parenthood would take place!
A federal appeals court [Thursday] ruled President Donald Trump can partially defund planned Parenthood while the abortion business' lawsuit against his administration's new rules moves forward.
The abortion chain receives about $50 million to $60 million in Title X funds annually, but that could change now that the new rules are being implemented. The administration's changes to Title X family planning grants have angered the abortion chain Planned Parenthood, prompting a lawsuit, but they provide hope for life-affirming pregnancy centers, which can now compete with the abortion giant for the federal funds.
Title X funds are supposed to be used to help low-income women and men receive birth control, cancer screenings and other health care services. While the tax money cannot be used to pay for abortions, it indirectly funds Planned Parenthood's vast abortion business.
Last month, a three-judge panel from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals granted the Trump administration's request to lift national injunctions ordered by lower federal courts in Oregon and Washington state, as well as a statewide injunction in California. The panel said the Trump administration will likely prevail in the legal battle over the Title X family planning program since similar Reagan-era rules were upheld by the Supreme Court almost 30 years ago.
The full Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals then blocked the defunding while considering the case further.
Today, the entire appeals court upheld defunding in a 7-4 decision with Republican-appointed judges upholding defended and Democrat judges forcing Americans to fund the abortion business.
The decision drew condemnation from Leana Wen, the CEO of the abortion giant. . . .
The abortion company will likely appeal the decision to the Supreme Court.
"We are greatly encouraged to see the 9th Circuit rule in favor of allowing President Trump's Protect Life Rule to take effect while it continues to be litigated," said SBA List President Marjorie Dannenfelser.
Last May, the Trump administration published a new proposal for Title X that would prohibit Planned Parenthood and other abortion businesses from receiving any of those tax dollars unless they completely separate their abortion businesses from their taxpayer-funded services. . . .
Under the new directive, which will take effect in 60 days, organizations receiving Title X funding have 120 days to financially separate their family planning and abortion operations and one year to physically separate their family planning and abortion operations.
The "Protect Life Rule," as that proposal is known, was finalized today. And pro-life groups are delighted by the news.
"We thank President Trump for taking decisive action to disentangle taxpayers from the big abortion industry led by Planned Parenthood," said SBA List President Marjorie Dannenfelser.
National Right to Life president Carol Tobias also praised President Trump and noted that the decision doesn't adversely affect women's health because the federal funds will go to legitimate family planning efforts instead of places that kill babies in abortions.
A recent Marist poll found that, by a double-digit margin, a majority of all Americans oppose any taxpayer funding of abortion (54 percent to 39 percent).
(Excerpted from LifeNews, article by Steven Ertelt.)
3 Replies to "COURT RULES: PLANNED PARENTHOOD PARTIALLY DEFUNDED WHILE LAWSUIT MOVES FORWARD"
Roberta Adrian says:
I was at the abortion place yesterday and saw women leaving in wheelchairs. We prayed for grace, healing and mercy. I am thankful for God's forgiveness.
Thank You, Lord God, for this wonderful change. Please bless and protect all those who have and will continue to plan and to orchestrate this. If any of these persons does not yet know You personally as their own Savior and Lord, please draw them to Yourself and give them a healthy "fear of the Lord" that they be not deceived by future lies.
Theresa in WA says:
Praise the Lord! Thank you for letting us know about this amazing development as well.


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text:
Press Release: Lyme Disease Awareness
September 20, 2014 lisahCurrent News, General, New York, Press Releases
Email: empirestatelyme@aol.com Url: www.empirestatelymediseaseassociation.org
Judith Weeg
Lyme Disease United Coalition
PO Box 86 Story City, IA 50248
Office: (515)432-3628 Fax: (888) 746-3810
Email: lymeinfo@lduc.org Url: www.lduc.org
There is a desperate need for awareness of the dangers of Lyme and tick-borne illnesses. Years ago Lyme advocates said Lyme would become an epidemic; later we said it was and now, with Germany, one country alone, reporting one million cases per year, and the CDC's 2013 announcement that each year US has 300,000 NEW cases, it is a pandemic.
We've spoken with over 15,000 patients during our advocacy and we've learned that each individual who is late diagnosed or misdiagnosed usually suffers enough for several lifetimes. Complications are known to occur with other diseases but it is not yet generally accepted for Lyme, even when some people are diagnosed and treated immediately. Incredibly, we've seen that anyone can become seriously disabled from Lyme.
There are so many disabled that this is a situation where not only a patient, but families are impacted emotionally and financially as they care for loved ones. Patients lose their health, their businesses, jobs, and relationships are destroyed, or patients don't even get to begin a relationship or have any quality of life other than trying to survive diseases a tick transmitted to them.
Patients are victims of many doctors who still do not understand the severity and prevalence of Lyme and tick-borne diseases. This travesty also results in Lyme patients being misdiagnosed and also, misunderstood and called names. (Such as malingerers, crazies, antibiotic-seeking, attention-seeking or loonies suffering from dot-com disease)
In fact, it is rare when we receive any respect or compassion.
Tragically, the strict mandates of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) render a doctor who does have some understanding of Lyme and tick-borne diseases as unwilling to treat or even diagnose. The IDSA has control and the authors of the IDSA guidelines for Lyme disease appear to be backed by government agencies, no matter how many scientific articles disprove them or how we see many patients recover when doctors treat outside the IDSA guidelines.
From CDC and official sources, advocates have known for years that reporting was inadequate. We were not surprised by CDC's 2013 statement that NEW US cases are 300,000 per year. We knew reported numbers were off by at least a factor of 10.
Advocates have also known for years, because the CDC has stated that tests for Lyme are inaccurate and yet, a person will want a Lyme test and a doctor will treat or deny treatment according to test results. Indeed, sometimes no treatment is given when there was a tick bite or rash and incredibly so, when a test result was positive! These denials affect our NY, USA and worldwide populations.
It is time that patients receive compassion and much better medical care.
The Empire State Lyme Disease Association, Inc., based in NY, is a nonprofit advocacy organization dedicated to helping patients suffering from early and later stages of Lyme and tick-borne illnesses through education, prevention, awareness and research. We are active in local, state, national and international issues.
Empire State Lyme Disease Association is affiliated with the Lyme Disease United Coalition (or LDUC) which has a membership of over 150,000 people. We are also pleased to be a member of Partners Against Lyme, (PAL or PALtad.org) which is represented by 45 states and 16 countries.
We support World Wide Lyme Awareness which has occurred world-wide for the past two years. Over 30 different countries and 30 US states were united in this effort. Worldwide events were held in Africa, Asia, Australia, Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Wales. In the US, participants included Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, others.
More info: http://whatislyme.com/category/2014-lyme-awareness-campaign
A recent event Empire State Lyme Disease Association booth crowded with leaders and visitors from left to right, those seen are L Tebbe, J Baptissa, E Haughie and M Conan.
One additional note: We've spoken with patients who were seriously harmed by the first vaccine for Lyme disease. There are many reasons why a person can actually be symptomatic for Lyme and yet not know that they have Lyme. In these cases a vaccine could be harmful. For more information, please see contacts above.
Join in the, "Be Kind for Lyme" Campaign!
Chronic Lyme Song by Kelsey O'Brien


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The island is privately owned by Dean Brothers Ltd, and has been since 1869 when John Markham Dean bought Pebble and a few neighbouring islands.
Pebble Island is also known for being where the first land-based action took place during the 1982 Falkland's war when the SAS raid disabled 11 Argentinian aircraft. You can see the commemorative memorial to the Argentinians who lost their lives on Pebble. The Coventry Cross, on First Mountain, is a memorial to those lost at sea when HMS Coventry went down off the north of the island.


If you have any specific dietary requirements please remind your server as Desserts may be garnished with extra decoration.
A Discretionary Service Charge of 10% will be added to groups of 6 or more.
Salt Bistro's intimate dining space serves local provenance food in its chic yet casual surroundings.


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Yeah, your GPS watch is probably pretty nice. But how careful do you have to be with it? Better yet, how many times have you had to replace it? A lot of GPS watches on the market are pretty fragile, despite claims of ruggedness. Well, the Suunto Ambit is here to change the game.
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text:
DadsDinner.com
Maths Warrior
Whether we realise it or not, we all live on:
The Edge of the Otherworld
Magic, gods and treachery...
The Roman legions are gone and the power of the druids is fading. Old gods must compete with the new ways of Christianity. Nothing can keep the tribes of Scotland from war. Beset by chaos, the kingdom of Dal Riata stands alone and a young prince must prove himself worthy to be king. Aided by a seer who can walk the many paths of the future and shape them to her own ends, he sets out in search of the legendary spear of justice. His quest leads all the way to the land of Faerie...
A Celtic fantasy novel by Edmund Farrow
Angels are enigmatic characters. They turn up at odd intervals throughout the Bible, usually as messengers, and do their bit and then they're away again. Where to exactly? And what goes on in the spiritual realms anyway?
Labels: angels, Holy Spirit, visitations
It wasn't an ordinary execution. I doubt I'd have been there otherwise. The priests had a bunch of us bussed out from the Temple to make a bit of noise and jeer at the latest would-be Messiah as he got his comeuppance.
This one in particular had really rattled them and they wanted to discourage his followers and put-off any copy-cat prophets. You know how it is.
Anyway, we fought our way through the Passover crowds and got there for the crucifixion. There was quite a turn out. Mostly just the curious but it looked like the guy had made a fair few enemies in his time and they'd all turned up to see him killed.
His friends were less apparent – his mum, a small group of women and then one or two others hanging around on the fringes. It was all pretty sad really. Still, he'd been causing trouble and he was only getting what he deserved - the same as the two bandits with him.
The soldiers finally got round to nailing him up and the strangest thing happened. 'Forgive them, Father!' he said. 'They don't know what they're doing.' In the middle of his misery, he was thinking of them. Then again, maybe it wasn't only the soldiers he was thinking of. As he spoke, I got the funny idea he was looking at me.
I started to feel uneasy.
Labels: Easter, Jesus, story, The cross
Edge Of The Otherworld
Humour, drama, reflection
(and possibly some Christianity).
Contact: edge@dadsdinner.com
www.EdgeOfTheOtherworld.com
The Edge?
The ancient Celts lived beside the endless ocean. It stretched away forever, terrifying in its power yet rich in its provision. By standing on its shore, wisdom could be found.
Their proximity to the physical edge of this world helped them to realise that they also lived on the ephemeral boundary of the Otherworld. The most mundane task could lead to insight and adventure. One step beyond the next tree might bring a wonder to behold.
We can learn from that. Round every corner, behind every door, in the eyes of every person that we meet, there is a mystery to be found. More than that, although God might constantly seem beyond our sight, the truth is that he is always holding us close in his ever-lasting arms.
Truly, we all stand with one foot in eternity and, whether we realise it or not, we all live on the Edge of the Otherworld.
Kids, Cuddles & Caffeine by Edmund Farrow
One housedad's struggle to remain chirpy in a world full of sleep-deprived women and toddlers with toilet issues.
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Edmund Farrow is the author of 'Kids, Cuddles & Caffeine', a book which mixes advice and humour to tell the tale of one housedad's struggle to stay chirpy in a world full of sleep-deprived women and toddlers with toilet issues.
People meeting him for the first time tend to think of him as tall, quiet and generally harmless. Then they learn he's a stay at home parent, has a physics degree and is a lay preacher in the Church of Scotland. One way or another, this usually makes them afraid...
Edmund has been a full-time cook, butler, cleaner, playmate and personal assistant to his three children since they were babies. When it comes time for them to choose a nursing home for him, they'd better pick a nice one or there'll be trouble.
© Edmund Farrow 2016. Permission is given for the use of material from this site in sermons and church services and stuff like that but an acknowledgement must be included complete with a mention of how great the site is. Online quotations should link back to the original post(s) and not include more than half of any post. If you're charging admission, selling books, printing tea towels or anything along those lines, then you need to get written permission from me first (and possibly hand over my cut). Whatever you do, though, I'd appreciate comments and feedback on how it went.
Unless otherwise stated, scripture quotations taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION, Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission.


As we know the subject of BPM can be very broad and encompass, well most anything to do with modern day business. Accordingly the community who have an interest in this stuff spills out into other areas of corporate activity so we have started posting most of the articles, with labels to aid navigation, at our sister blog. There will be posts here occasionally however daily feeds will be 'over there'.


New Timelapse showreel is here for 2018!
Regenology has had a very exciting 2017. Adding even more films to the hundreds of projects that we have completed all over the country and beyond!
We wanted to show you exactly what we have been up to over the past year and also include some of our work from previous years, so we have put together a short showreel with a selection of our work, to give you a feel for the type of thing we do!
With offices in London and the North West, there really is no corner of the UK that we can't reach. Currently, we have over 100 projects out and about taking photos with more ready to go, so if you like what you see, get in touch and hear what we can do for you now!
Regenology Showreel from Regenology on Vimeo.


Hello, friends, my name is Gaurav Saini. I am a web developer. I have done my b.tech in computer science from Guru Jambheshwar University Hisar. I love to learn new techniques and share it with everyone. After learning technology and skills I thought I should share my skills and knowledge with you guys. So I made this website whose name is beblogger.com . According to the name of the website the main motive of this website is to teach you everything about blogging. Basically, my main motive will be here to teach all the latest web technology and web development tutorials. But i started also blogging so I will share everything that I known related to the blogging. We will discuss everything related to the blogging. We will learn Google blogger |how to make a free website from blogger|how to get the best theme for blogger, how can we customize blogger theme and much more stuff related to the blogger. Next, we will learn about world one of best blogger platform that is WordPress. We will learn everything related to WordPress like how to make a website on WordPress, how to customize website on WordPress, best theme related to WordPress, how to make any kind of WordPress site. I will also share you all latest technology update what are going into tech industry. Every day I will share news related to the latest tech giant companies like Google, Facebook. We will share all tips and tricks related to computer mobile laptops. We will try to solve every query given by you in comments. We will try to give our best on our site. We will one of a hot topic in this day that is Digital marketing and Seo. We will learn everything related to seo and will go deep inside share all secret of SEO and digital marking. And this is also hot topic and it will never end that is how can i earn money one this is the question of every youngster in these days who is studying in school or college. We will guide you to earn a good money from online. As I told you earlier you I am a web developer so i will teach you web design, front-end and backend technologies related to web development. So guys keep support me and i will give my 100% to you in return I just need support from you that is just share everything that i share with you.


Directions from the Junction of Route 78 and Route 31 in Clinton: Proceed north on Route 31 for 1.7 miles to Route 513 north. Turn right and follow Route 513 into High Bridge. After approximately 1 mile and passing under the train tracks, turn left into the center of High Bridge. Commons Park & parking area is on left just before RT 513 makes a sharp right turn. If you make the sharp right turn you just missed it. Note that driving directions will use Latitude, Longitude of 40.66972, -74.89556 as address for this location.


That hit me bad. Flabbergasted I took a deep breath to think it over. Then I told her she of all people shouldn't be so superficially judgmental and if I see some point by way of food for thought, it is just that, maybe I'm not so good at camouflaging words like most folk are. As for being a closet Hindutva, please, I'm a Hindu only by some stray conviction and I am not a terribly pious Hindu at that. I believe everything is here, now, today. I've become choosy and pick up whatever I like from all religions – be they Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism. In fact I love the philosophy of Nichiren Daishonin's Buddhism the most, and try constantly to live and abide by it in whatever ways I can. The hubby is an avowed atheist and laughs at me.
Also, I do believe that it always harder to say nasty things, easier to praise, lick boots and scratch backs! The gutsiest people stand up for their convictions and these come in black and white and not 60 shades of moveable grey. Look at Goa, nobody wants to be in the Opposition, not even the worthy members who've come to power on a Congress ticket. Without a sharp and focused Opposition in a democracy, the government degenerates into anarchy and "tyranno-cracy (to coin a word) and we are seeing this all around us.
Let's say in my family of two I'm the Opposition at home because I care and do love and respect the hubby who in fact, is far more sensitive than I am. I mean he could be all the Hindu, Christian, Muslim and Buddhist Gods rolled in one for me in this life time and even if I say nasty things they are without malice.
That's what you think! Sniffed this paragon of virtue of a friend of mine. Maybe she is right, but right about what? Oh well, maybe henceforth I shall refrain from any "husband-bashing" in this column except that I don't think that's what it is. Maybe I'm trying to get him to see life through a different perspective by saying nasty things. When something stings or pinches most of us sit up and think it over, no? Providing we're not thick-skinned and that he is not!
TO get back to foodie talk of a different kind, it was a birthday bash and I went out for dinner with my friend Nandita Haksar. She's a real meaty gourmet and looks for far more professionally and honestly served meals than I do – since everybody thinks food is the best business to go into we decided to go check out this upmarket place called Barrels & Bones which some of our common friends were raving about. Why Barrels & Bones? It's a BBQ steak house becoming popular.
They indoors room setting is reclusive unless it's packed to the gills and then noisy chatter fills the room, since we Indians do not how to do conversation in soft tones or notes! The menu is grand and one may order some choice appetizers, breads, dips, salads, pastas, grills, seafood, chicken section, and for the veggies… cauliflower au gratin (`350), cottage cheese farcito, aubergine parmesan, etc. There are sizzlers, risottos, pizzas (wood-fired) and weird desserts of chocolate salami and chocolate budino, orange zest cake, and a choice of ice-creams.
I was getting interested in baby spinach, button mushrooms, arugula and garlic dust pizza (`450) when the friends changed my mind. They said try the seasonal grilled fish marinated with rosemary olive oil, orange zest and lemon butter served with cauliflower puree and grilled vegetables (`650). It was so-so and I wished I'd ordered something else! The Kingfish steak which came was dry and chewy, the listed cauliflower puree was not cauliflower puree but potato puree, and where was orange zest? Why promise something and deliver something else without informing or even apology? Such highly priced fine dining must come with professional honesty and attitude. I mean potato puree or mashed potato is not cauliflower puree! But the lemon garlic butter was rich and nice and I loved it.
I liked the assorted jacket potatoes with mushroom and cheddar, but then I've always liked jacket potatoes cooked in a wood ash fire, tandoor, or in an oven and drizzled with lemon garlic butter or the French garlic aioli. Nowadays someone's marketing a slew of mayos – spicy jalapeno mayo, black olives and onion mayo, lemon mayo, wasabi mayo, anything mayo! Fresh sauces, salsas, chutneys, relishes…kimchi, sauerkraut or Japanese-styled pink vinegary ginger, or onion, are preferable.
I DON'T know why watermelon, feta and mint tossed salad should be so pricy. At `300 it's ridiculous, considering only small portions of the more expensive feta or mint is used in the salad. It's mean to compromise on the most expensive item number. For instance I recently ate a salad somewhere which featured black olives, but there must have been only one black olive sliced fine and tossed in. At last make it half-a-dozen olives black and green for the price listed!
This is to say if you don't want to suffer from cardiovascular disease eat more green for fiber, folic acid and all good things! Cut the salt to a minimum because that is what hardens and pickles arteries.
I WONDER if anyone could make a fortune serving only salads. They could call themselves 'Only Salads' and offer the grandest mix of greens, berries fresh or refreshed, with nuts of all kinds. If imaginatively and not too exorbitantly priced, all health-conscious Goa would flock there or would they? I wouldn't mind one bit if all the alcohol bars shutting shop turned over a new leaf and became health-conscious fruit/veggie juice and salad bars, but I dare say that would be taking a risk. Goans are not ready to entertain health-consciousness from A to Z or something like that. By and large most of us don't eat to live, but live to eat.
Look at me, a true blue foodoholic! I know it all in theory but in practice I go for a toss every so often. It's something to do with feeling more at home outdoors than indoors. That's what I always say. I'm happiest ensconced on a bench in some garden munching on a sandwich – say a genuine starter-leavened, an old-fashioned oven-baked whole meal bread sandwich, packed with either lashings of green mint chutney or maybe a wee bit of fresh green mango pickle smothered with natural cheddar. Check it out, it's yum. The pickle must have a hint of mustard oil about it!
THAT'S all for now. Keep watching this space. I'm still not buying mangoes because their price hasn't come down to the level of imported apples from New Zealand (`160-`180 per kg), You are paying `60 per single Goan mancurad? Shame on you!


Apart from getting free code points, youll also get news on other ways to get codes as well.
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You dont have to drown in Coca-Cola products just to get MCR points.Believe it or not, there are a lot of other ways to earn Coke codes, and you dont have to purchase cases and cases of Coke products just to get them.Home, hobby lobby shipping coupon code 2014 subscribe to: Posts (Atom).You can also text your code by sending a message to 2653.Of course, buyers can choose to switch from the regular Coke product to a sugar-free variety of one kind or another, but the bottom line is that this could be like transferring from the frying pan into a raging fire!I have to say, when the program first started, I liked it much more.To be fair, the rewards offered by Coca Cola bosses are something of an incentive, and this is exactly why the program was unleashed by the soft drinks giant.My Coke Rewards points, because they could be playing fast and loose with not only their own health but that of their children, too.In fact, if you own a smartphone, you can key in the code right away.But what if the bottle is already in the garbage can?Unless they get their act together and work out a strategy for success in the.Well, the fact is that there is no short answer to this one.
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Keep yourself posted when these events happen, because you never know when you can suddenly earn a boatload of points, and maybe other prizes, too.


Now this is epic. All it takes is one iconic image (The Night King with those piercing blue eyes) and a release date to generate hype. The art direction is stunning, and the menacing vibe just elevates the artwork to another level. Beautiful!
I was a big fan of the show's simplistic teaser poster, and this revealer does a good job of living up to the hype. Every hero has their own color scheme and it all comes together beautifully. However, as vibrant as it is, it's missing a memorable tagline.
Now this is just lazy. It's a complete rehash of last year's poster, and if the show's marketing team can't bother to put in the work to create something new, why should I even bother reviewing it?
This is just disappointing. Last year's poster was beautiful, but this is plain uninspired. Where's the concept? It's basically just a slideshow of the show's original cast-members. I expect way more from Grey's.
Another case of simplicity getting the job done. You don't really need anything more than Olivia Pope ominously watching over DC in her red coat as darkness overwhelms her. It's symbolic, impactful, and just plain gorgeous.
Supergirl's posters are always tremendously photoshopped, and this one is no different. There's nothing appetizing about this one – it's dull and so very basic. Try harder guys!
I didn't watch the first season of The Exorcist but I absolutely love this poster. The way the hair morphs into the trees above makes for a truly horrifying visual. Moreover, the tagline enhances this transformation by referencing some sort of awakening. It's posters like this that make me want to give certain shows a shot, and that's the biggest achievement of all.
I'm a big fan of this one. Although the line is sinister, there's something so hopeful and liberating about the vibe and the color palette. Plus the logo font is very unique. A definite win in my book.
Tagline: You can't escape what you are.
I love The Mindy Project but this is horrible. Absolutely no effort was made here. There's no concept, no witty visual gag, nothing of importance. Why? Mindy Lahiri deserves better, and that's not how you treat one of the funniest comedies on TV.
Although I stopped watching Once Upon A Time a long time ago, I've always appreciated the show's eye-catching posters. This one is no different, effectively juxtaposing Cinderella with a freakin' motorcycle. It's bonkers but it works. Say what you will about the show's quality but the marketing team never lost sight of Once's visual identity.
Tagline: A new book opens.
This poster shouldn't be a winner. It's really just one shot of our gang causing havoc, and yet the attitude of it all makes it plain lovable. Just look at Alba strutting in the back like a boss with her beer.
Take way the color effect and this is a pretty basic cast photo. And yet, the orange and the black are so visually alluring that they salvage the poster and make it all worthwhile. Plus the tagline empowers the whole thing and fits right in with the season's theme. Sneaky sneaky marketing department.
This might be my favorite poster of the year. I love it when shows don't splash actors' faces all over the artwork and instead rely on something more thematic and powerful. This ravishing poster hints at a number of themes and yet still manages to remain pretty mysterious. It's a rousing success as far as I'm concerned.


text:
Chemistry ⋅
Acids & Bases
How to Use Litmus Papers
••• Sudo2/iStock/GettyImages
How to Test for Nitrogen Gas
By Claire Gillespie
When you want to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid or water-soluble gas, the easiest way is to perform a litmus test. The test requires litmus papers, which are narrow strips of paper treated with chemical solutions that are sensitive to pH changes. The pH number expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale from zero to 14. On the scale, 7 is neutral. Values lower than 7 are more acid with 0 being the most acid, and values higher than 7 are more alkaline with 14 being the most alkaline. The term "basic" is often used interchangeably with "alkaline." A pH value of 14 is the most basic.
Using Litmus Papers in Water
Pour an aqueous sample (or dissolve a sample in water) into a glass or beaker. The litmus test does not work if the sample is not aqueous. Nearly everything is acid or alkaline except pure water, which is neutral, so it has a pH value of 7 on the scale.
Hold one end of a piece of red litmus paper, dip it into the sample and then remove it. There is no need to leave it in the sample for any length of time because any color change is immediate. Repeat this step with a piece of blue litmus paper. Again, there is no need to leave the paper in the sample for any length of time.
Analyze how each paper reacts to the sample. If the liquid is alkaline, the red paper turns blue, and the blue paper does not change. If it is acidic, the red paper does not change, and the blue paper turns red. If it is neutral, neither the red paper nor the blue paper change.
Using Litmus Papers With Gas
Wet a red piece of litmus paper and a blue piece of litmus paper with water. Use the correct safety precautions for the gas you are testing.
Under a fume hood, open the container of gas and allow some of it to come in contact with both pieces of paper. Place the papers in contact with the gas. Litmus papers react to gasses the same way they react to liquids, except gas reacts more evenly across the entire surface of the paper.
Analyze how each paper reacts to the sample. If the gas is alkaline, the red paper turns blue, and the blue paper does not change. If the sample is acidic, the red paper does not change, and the blue paper turns red. If it is neutral, neither the red paper nor the blue paper change.
Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Glass or beaker
Appropriate safety gear, such as gloves and lab coat
Minors should be supervised at all times when handling chemicals.
Methods on How to Determine pH in pH Paper
What Substances Turn Red Litmus Paper Blue?
How to Test for Acidity With Litmus Paper
How to Test for Sodium Bicarbonate
What Is the Function of Litmus Paper?
What Color Does pH Paper Turn With Bleach?
Cool Science Experiments for Teens
How to Dissolve Paper
How to Use pH Strips to Test Water
How to Make Flash Paper
Easy & Fast pH Experiments With Litmus
How to Standardize a pH Meter
How is PH Paper Made?
How to Dissolve EDTA in Water
How to Do Titration Calculations
What Color Would a Tester PH Paper Turn if Is Dipped...
How to Raise the PH Level in Water
How to Estimate pH Levels Without Test Strips
How Can You Tell If a Substance Is Acidic?
Elmhurst College: pH Scale
Rutgers: The Litmus Test
Standard blue litmus paper changes color for pH below 7, while standard red litmus paper changes color for pH above 7. There is also a purple, or neutral litmus paper. This paper turns red in the presence of an acid or blue in the presence of a base when you follow steps 1 through 3 above. For more complex studies, a pH strip similar to litmus is often used. These come with a color-coded chart.
Some household substances can be harmful if they come into contact with skin, others can stain clothes and furniture. Be sure to wear proper safety gear and work in a safe and stable location. Minors should be supervised at all times when handling any chemical.
Claire is a writer and editor with 18 years' experience. She writes about science and health for a range of digital publications, including Reader's Digest, HealthCentral, Vice and Zocdoc.


Winder for winding glass condensor coils etc., consisting of two telescoping brass tubes, outer tube with three slots, complete with polished wooden handle and glass clamp.
Winder for winding glass condensor coils etc., consisting of one cylindrical brass tube, with polished wooden handle and glass holding pin.
for winding glass condensor coils etc., consisting of one robust stainless steel tube with slight taper rate, with polished wooden handle and glass holding pin.


A student of history cannot help but discover that we do not know the history of our fathers, the religion of our fathers, and the capabilities of our fathers. The second sentence of George Washington's inaugural address is one and one half pages long! Read the speeches and sermons of the 1600's and 1700's. Can you understand them? Can you imagine such being delivered today? Could a modern audience process this information? Does this prove that despite popular science, we are not evolving, we are de-evolving? We read biographies of men of the past, men that graduated from college at the age of 16. It does appear that society in general is less intelligent today than our forefathers. The conclusion that we can reach is that compared to peoples of 200 to 300 years ago, we are all learning disabled at best!
Tactility: At birth the baby has little tactile sensation and therefore correspondingly, little organized motion. There are three major tactility sensors to be considered. The deep sensors next to the bone are responsible for pain response, muscle tone and mobility. The skin sensors are responsible for touchy, ticklish sensation, feeling of textures and fine motor abilities. There are also the hot and cold sensors in the skin. Other tactile sensory areas to be considered are mouth tactility which must be normal for normal tongue control and speech, and trigeminal sensation which is the large nerve that covers the head and face function. Lip tone and tongue control are important to evaluate.
Vision: A baby sees very little. He has a pupillary response and very little detail. By knowing the steps of vision development, we can offer the little child chances to develop good vision and good visual processing. First the child learns to track large objects horizontally and then vertically. Central detail vision starts to develop. Once the child is starting to move, the eyes start learning to work together and convergence and depth perception are developed: the brain learns to control the eyes. Once the child has good central detail vision and convergence, he is ready to take in large amounts of information visually, lots of large pictures of single objects which will fascinate him. And, once the child is identifying many pictures, it is time to introduce visual language: that is, sight words. Children can learn to read and speak at the same time. The brain of a little child is "wired" to learn language and cares little whether that language is visual or auditory!
Hearing: Good auditory function is extremely important to future auditory processing, maturity level, mature intellectual function and the ability to simply function in our noisy environments. Ear infections in the first two years of life are a major cause of learning problems down the road and a major source of the ADD label. The brain has to "learn" to interpret environmental sounds and to hear the information of interest and block out background noise. The auditory pathways to the brain are laid down in those critical first 2 years by hearing a wide variety of sounds. Fluid in the middle ear distorts sounds and causes auditory pathways to be laid down in a very inconsistent fashion. A child with learning problems, low auditory processing or even one with no language, can test OK on an audiogram which simply tests threshold hearing using pure tones. An audiogram does not test the quality of hearing. A child can be hypersensitive to certain sounds or not able to concentrate on the sound of interest, be very auditorily distractible and still test well on an audiogram. This author has seen children labelled autistic, who are so sensitive and distracted by sounds that the children simply shut down auditorily to the roar of noise, and still these children will test well on an audiogram. This distortion can occur because of injury to the auditory pathways to the brain (or any part of the hearing system) or simply because of constant and chronic ear infections. It is suggested that ear infections be treated very aggressively and tubes be used to keep the middle ear fluid level normal if necessary. It is also good to identify sources of ear infections such as allergies to milk and other foods and eliminate them from the diet during these critical developmental years. Frequent tympanograms should be done to ensure that there is no fluid buildup in the ears if a child has this history. If the ears are clear, exposure to a wide range of high quality information and sounds will help develop superior auditory function.
Vestibular: Another part of the hearing system is the vestibular system, those semicircular canals in the middle ear that are responsible for balance. Ear infections interfere with the development of good balance and can also put pressure on the visual system and cause tracking and convergence problems.
Vital capacity: Mouth breathing is inefficient breathing. Chronic sinus infections and ear infections causes a child to mouth breath. This keeps the body from getting the oxygen it needs for good brain development (a baby's brain uses up to 50% of the body's oxygen). Mouth breathing also deadens the tongue which causes articulation problems down the road. Mouth breathing also keeps the lips from developing appropriate tone, keeps the sinus cavities from developing normally. Many children with learning problems have low vital capacity, that is, low breathing capacity with a cascade of consequences.
The inputs to the brain have corresponding outputs or functions.
Gross motor or mobility function: If the child has good tactile development, he will have good gross motor function, good muscle tone, appropriate pain sensation. This child will go through the developmental steps of crawling, creeping and walking in a cross pattern. This child will develop normal structure, will walk with good posture, without pronation or supination of hips, knees or feet and ankles and without a hip swing. Hip joints will develop normally. Without good tactility, low muscle tone can result in structural problems down the road. Good muscle tone is necessary to keep from hyperextending joints and causing functional and structural problems when a child starts to move and put pressure on joints. These gross motor functions also help organize the wiring to the brain for higher level, cortical functions. Cross pattern activities help develop good lateralization or interhemispheric communication which avoids future problems of long-term memory, reversals, stuttering, etc. Good propioception, that is, knowing where your body is in space, bladder and bowl control, coordinated physical movement is dependent upon developing good tactility and corresponding good cross pattern movement. It also sets the stage for development of cortical hemispheric dominance which will be discussed later.
Speech and language: Good speech and language depend on many things. First the child must be able to hear clearly and have been exposed to a wide variety of excellent auditory information. Next, the vital capacity, that is, the breathing capacity of the child must be good in order to develop good sinus function and to make oxygen available to the system and to have enough breath for good resonation and phonation. Mouth tactility, lip tone and tongue control must be good in order to have good articulation. Auditory processing must be good in order to speak in longer sentences and to understand multi-step instructions.
Vision: Vision is developmental. It is important that the child go through the appropriate developmental steps in order to develop good central detail vision and good convergence. Once good vision is developed, the child should be exposed to appropriate, high quality visual information to develop good visual processing abilities. By accelerating the visual and auditory functions of a child, early reading abilities are possible. As can be seen above, ear infections, lack of opportunities to develop good convergence and many other things can interfere with this visual development. Often, with children with learning problems, remedial eye exercises are necessary to fix developmental problems.
To do an auditory digit span test, simply say a sequence of numbers or names of objects or steps (such as touch your nose and your hair), and see how many pieces the child can process and respond to in the order in which the numbers or steps were given. For instance, say "1-3-9-7" about 2 seconds apart and have the child repeat those numbers back to you in that order. If the child can repeat the numbers, the child has an auditory digit span of 4. A 1 year old should have an auditory digit span of 1, two year old - 2, three year old - 3, four year old - 4... up to... the average adult has an average digit span of 7. Low auditory processing means that the child cannot process information at an age appropriate level, gets lost following directions, cannot process or output longer sentences and can even get the child labelled "delayed" or "retarded". Superior processing is a big step in improving academic function. By superior, auditory digit spans to 10 to 15 should be achieved. These are achieved by practicing them. Practice following directions of 1-2-3-4 steps, wherever the child is, and stretching their ability to the next level. Practice having the child repeat back numbers or names of objects. Also, have the child listen to much superior language of high interest. This will also increase auditory processing and historically, this is how our forefathers developed the ability to attend to sentences that go on for one and one-half pages!
Conceptualization is the ability to think linearly, logically, in words. Assuming the processing is good, a child is a good conceptualizer that has good language abilities, that thinks logically, draws inferences and can organize information in a hierarchy.