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Would Moore's Law apply to mechanical computers?
We know through the works of Babbage, Lovelace, et al. that mechanical computers (computers operating through gears, cogs, etc., and powered by steam or some other arbitrary non-electric power source) are possible.
In our world, it has been observed that electronic computers obey various forms of Moore's laws, with exponential growth.
In a world without electronic computers as we know them, would mechanical computers display a Moore's Law-like exponential curve of improvements? If not, why?
Would Moore's Law simply be inapplicable to mechanically engineered non-microscopic components (e.g. gears, cogs, ratchets, etc.)?
Would it initially apply, but rapidly hit a "hard" physical barrier/limit?
Would it follow some other kind of curve, such as linear growth or polynomial growth?
I would allow limited use of electricity as a power source, but not for driving logical circuits. Cathode-ray tubes, while technically being a form of a vacuum tube, could be allowed for display only, but I'm thinking more the use of mechanical television instead if at all reasonable. Standard electric-dependent computing components such as RAM, ROM, ferrite core memory, and hard disks are definitely out.
science-based computers steampunk
Robert Columbia
Robert ColumbiaRobert Columbia
$\begingroup$ Unlikely! We've had centuries to streamline mechanical efficiency $\endgroup$ – nzaman Jan 20 '19 at 13:10
$\begingroup$ @JBH those are not independent questions, but questions to show initial research and indicate the potential structure or nature of an answer. The actual question is the one in the title. The three bullets at the bottom are likewise not additional questions, just possible reasons for a "no" that could be explored. $\endgroup$ – Robert Columbia Jan 20 '19 at 16:50
$\begingroup$ Also, please explain if any electricity at all is permitted. Can electric motors drive the mechanical engines? Can cathode-ray tube monitors be used? Or is this 100% mechanical with steam the only mode of turning cam shafts? Displays may be the ultimate limiting factor. $\endgroup$ – JBH Jan 20 '19 at 16:55
$\begingroup$ An equivalent "mechanical moore's law" would be easy to create based on history. Start by comparing the number of components per unit volume in say Babbage's computing engines (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine#/media/…) with more than 2,800 moving parts inside a 100mm diameter case, in the world's most complex pocket watch (reference57260.vacheron-constantin.com/en/unique-complications) $\endgroup$ – alephzero Jan 21 '19 at 17:38
$\begingroup$ You ask: Would it initially apply, but rapidly hit a "hard" physical barrier/limit? The real Moore's Law is rapidly approaching the hard physical barrier. Intel's latest generation has been delayed a year, and it's going to be increasingly hard to make progress in the future. All Moore-type laws, including the actual one, are probably going to behave this way. The big question is: how soon do they hit the limit? $\endgroup$ – Peter Shor Jan 21 '19 at 18:19
First of all, Moore's law is not a law of physics like Newton's law of gravity. It is just an empirical evidence that has held until now, in a quite surprising way.
While we have been able so far to shrink and shrink the size of electronic components, that is hardly possible with mechanical elements, therefore I highly doubt a mechanical equivalent of Moore's law would hold for more than few generations of calculators.
After that it would just be an horizontal line.
Separatrix
L.Dutch - Reinstate Monica♦L.Dutch - Reinstate Monica
$\begingroup$ To be fair, the laws of physics are just empirical evidence that holds up to reality quite well, it's just that Moore's Law has a much, much smaller set of experimental evidence and some really dodgy methodology! $\endgroup$ – Joe Bloggs Jan 20 '19 at 13:40
$\begingroup$ I would argue we already have shrunk mechanical devices to their maximum potential. Three hundred years ago nobody could imagine carrying a mechanical timepiece in their pockets $\endgroup$ – nzaman Jan 20 '19 at 16:42
$\begingroup$ @Mazura I've been hearing people say we'd reach that limit when processors clocked at 1ghz, then 2ghz, then 3 and 4. After that limit didn't come we started going multicore. So if that limit is ever reached, I think it won't be in this or the next decade. $\endgroup$ – Renan Jan 20 '19 at 16:54
$\begingroup$ We have absolutely come very close to the limits of Moore's law. Also, due to Amdahl's Law, going multicore can't just keep giving you gains unless the problem inherently has large amounts of parallelism (which many problems simply do not). $\endgroup$ – glaba Jan 20 '19 at 19:54
$\begingroup$ Moore's law has held, up till now, as it was used as a target by chip manufacturers $\endgroup$ – Baldrickk Jan 21 '19 at 9:57
Elmy's answer to a question of mine made me realize what might be the most limiting factor for applying Moore's Law to mechanical computing.
Or, more accurately, your ability to keep dirt out of the works.
The beautiful thing about electronics is, other than heat dissipation, it's irrelevant how dirty it gets. But dirt gets in the way of spinning gears. No matter how well you try to seal it, you'll get dirt (if only in the form of congealed grease, metal shavings, wearing bearings and bushings, etc.).
In other words, you can realistically build a mechanical computer as small as (a) a gear can tolerate a grain of dirt or (b) you can keep the works sealed to prevent dirt from getting in.
Modern mechanical wrist watches demonstrate substantial size reduction in gearing — but they're also so well sealed that you need often need tools just to open the case. They could likely be made smaller, still, but you start getting into the problem of the slightest shaving causing you a problem, and a mechanical computer is much larger than a wrist watch.
So, where Moore's law was originally (and basically) the density of transistors doubles every two years. The mechanical variant of the law would be the size of a gear halves every two years. After 20-30 years, you're down to where the slightest speck of dirt would stop the machine. IMO.
JBHJBH
$\begingroup$ Mechanical hard drives are incredibly sensitive to dust contamination but millions (billions?) of them are in use every day. We are fairly good at sealing things, and mordern hard drives have gone as far as to fill the enclosure with helium instead of air. I can't see dirt being the limiting factor. $\endgroup$ – Steven Waterman Jan 21 '19 at 9:43
$\begingroup$ @StevenLowes True, but keep in mind that the internals of the hard drive don't need any exposure to the outside - only electrical signals. That isn't true for mechanical machines - isolating the outside is much harder if you have to use gears and levers to control the thing. One reason why gears in mechanical computers were much bigger than pocket watches is related to this - you need to interact a lot more with a computer than a pocket watch. "Electric mechanical watches" are extremely reliable compared to wind-up watches for this reason. $\endgroup$ – Luaan Jan 21 '19 at 16:18
$\begingroup$ @Mazura, more specifically, it's all over until an amazing technological leap is achieved and the distance between two teeth is much, much smaller than the spec of dirt. I'm have trouble seeing that technological leap without the assistance of intervening steps, which is why I'm suggesting it stops with the grain of dirt. $\endgroup$ – JBH Jan 21 '19 at 18:40
$\begingroup$ So small that when random bits of matter coalesce they're already too big to jam the mechanism. That's some food for thought. Apparently you've solved the tin whisker problem... $\endgroup$ – Mazura Jan 21 '19 at 18:42
$\begingroup$ @JBH Not in terms of systems. CPU packages are bigger because the northbridge, particularly memory controller and PCI, and graphics have moved in. In any case, the root is anthropomorphic. People are a certain size, so smartphones, laptops, and desktops are bound by that size. Sort of Gustafson's law, the box is set, and the capabilities will expand to fill the box. $\endgroup$ – user71659 Jan 22 '19 at 19:21
Sorry to be a bit of a spoil-sport, but...
Moore's law doesn't apply.
Moore's law is the recognition that semiconductor complexity (in integrated circuits) increases at a particular rate.
The very Wikipedia article itself you linked to states that
Despite a popular misconception, Moore is adamant that he did not predict a doubling "every 18 months". Rather, David House, an Intel colleague, had factored in the increasing performance of transistors to conclude that integrated circuits would double in performance every 18 months.
The cited source (link, alternative link), in turn, states that
Moore's law is basically about transistor density, but there are many versions of the Moore's law for other capabilities of digital electronics.
In 1975, Moore revised his prediction as the number of components in the integrated circuits doubling every year to doubling every two years.
(My boldface all three.)
Since mechanical computers presumably aren't semiconductor-based, nor use transistors or integrated circuits, Moore's law simply doesn't apply to them. If you are referring to some alternative, related observation, then you are referring to something other than Moore's law (but possibly derived from it).
It's likely that miniturization would follow some curve, but I can't imagine you'd get to have cogs in the low nanometer dimensions (the same order of magnitude as features of modern high-density integrated circuits). That's simply because you'd need enough material to hold itself together, while performing some kind of useful work. For example, turning a cog to increase a counter will require some amount of energy, which must be delivered to and ultimately supported by the cog.
To have physical components of those dimensions, you'd likely need some kind of super-material to hold together, and hold its shape, under those stresses. Barring that, it seems to me that you're likely to hit a physical limit at much larger dimensions than those viable for anything resembling a present-day integrated circuit.
a CVna CVn
$\begingroup$ @AleksandrDubinsky, be nice $\endgroup$ – L.Dutch - Reinstate Monica♦ Jan 21 '19 at 14:12
$\begingroup$ Small things are tougher than big things, if you just scale them down. The bigger problem is how many gears you can have in a sequence before it all breaks down - and I'd guess that would be the limiting factor of any mechanical computer. Smaller gears help, but not quite as much as smaller transistors. $\endgroup$ – Luaan Jan 21 '19 at 16:20
Molecular machines
You can in theory make 'mechanical' machines right down to molecular level. They already exist in biology, for example rotary motors:
Three protein motors have been unambiguously identified as rotary engines: the bacterial flagellar motor and the two motors that constitute ATP synthase (F 0F 1 ATPase). Of these, the bacterial flagellar motor and F 0 motors derive their energy from a transmembrane ion-motive force, whereas the F 1 motor is driven by ATP hydrolysis.
And also other machines such as ribosomes and the following:
Cytoskeletal motors
Polymerisation motors
Rotary motors:
Nucleic acid motors
Viral DNA packaging motors
Enzymatic motors:
Synthetic molecular
https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(03)00004-7
Reasearchers are currently working on so-called biological computers that work in a different way from the standard von Neumann machines of today.
Mechanical monitors would also have improved at a similar rate, having developed from this mechanical TV: https://www.vox.com/2015/3/25/8285977/mechanical-television
$\begingroup$ Are you suggesting that you could have developed the computational capacity to develop the technology necessary to create molecular machines only via mechanical computing? If you'll forgive the hyperbole, 1980s-era computing would have required mechanical computers roughly covering the state of Massachusetts and you have no CRT/monitors in sight. $\endgroup$ – JBH Jan 20 '19 at 16:51
$\begingroup$ @JBH - Surely that is where Moore's Law comes in. Maybe the size halves in ten years instead of one. The 1980s would already have been influenced by Moore's Law in mechanical terms so your assumption is faulty. As for monitors, early TVs were tried with spinning disks. I'm sure that could be refined perfectly easily. $\endgroup$ – chasly from UK Jan 20 '19 at 17:00
$\begingroup$ I'm familiar with electronic fabrication technology. Based on that experience, you have a chicken-and-the-egg problem. The technology needed to eventually achieve molecular gearing requires more computational power (a lot more) than you can get from non-molecular shrinking. There comes a point before a gear is molecular in size (depending on nuclear forces to keep the gears together) when you can no longer depend on the strength of the metal to keep the teeth on a gear sharp. I can't see a path from A to B that's purely mechanical. Just my opinion, I've not voted either way. $\endgroup$ – JBH Jan 20 '19 at 17:03
$\begingroup$ The motor could be a miniature steam one. The illumination could be produced by continuously feeding a strip of sodium into water. The monitor could simply be a reflection of the camera. Btw I was not in any way suggesting you're a creationist. If you manufacture electronics then presumably your experience confirms Moore's Law to some extent. One of the problems is that the OP hasn't specified if we are allowed to use electricity at all. If not then computer input and output will be as it was in the 60s and 70s, i.e. punched cards and tape. Perhaps combined with a steam-cranked typewriter. $\endgroup$ – chasly from UK Jan 20 '19 at 17:34
$\begingroup$ @Luaan ATP synthase is mechanical, it is literally a rotary turbine connected to a trip hammer driven by a diffusion gradient. $\endgroup$ – John Jan 21 '19 at 19:58
The simple answer is: yes, because they did. They didn't follow Moore's Law (which as Moore said was never actually correct, nor did he ever expect the trajectory to continue), but they existed, and the trend to miniaturisation certainly did continue until transistors took over.
People tend to forget that a clock is a mechanical computer. Early clocks were massive mechanical systems. As time went on (pun intended), machining abilities allowed people to shrink the size of clocks until it became possible to build pocket-sized watches. Chronometers followed the same trajectory - Harrison's original chronometer required a large wooden box, but his later chronometers were the size of large watches. Watch movement technology and winding mechanisms evolved over time, and became more miniaturised to the limits possible with machining and materials.
With watchmaking having firmly established how to construct minaturised mechanisms, mechanical computers were extensively developed and used throughout the first half of the 20th century. By WWII, most planes, warships and artillery used mechanical computers called "predictors" to improve accuracy, allowing for windage and (for aircraft and anti-aircraft guns) relative speeds.
These pure mechanical computers were still being surpassed by electro-mechanical computers though, which integrated banks of relays with mechanisms to rotate those banks of relays. Relays are mechanical systems with electrical power. Everything that transistor switches currently do can be done (albeit more slowly) by relays, and in fact early adoption of transistors was simply as drop-in replacements for relays in existing electro-mechanical computers. Had the transistor never been invented, it seems very likely that the direction of travel would have been the development of smaller and more reliable relays. (To digress, Terry Pratchett's novel Strata supposes this as part of the underlying mechanisms in Discworld.)
And then Diskworld. You may say "definitely no hard disks", but that's nonsense. A hard disk is a mechanical system with electrical power. Our current hard disks are a development of drum memory, which is more clearly a classical electro-mechanical system. Hard disks are actually one development which is almost inevitable and independent of electronics. They wouldn't be as good as what we currently have, sure, but they'd be around.
So in your electronics-free world, the end result would be increasing miniaturisation of relays and relay-based computers. Of course this could never approach the size of a transistor, but we might well have pocket calculators, fairly complex landline phone systems, and warehouse-sized computers of the kind that were available back in the 1960s. Moore's Law would probably stall there, in the same way as it has currently stalled for silicon.
GrahamGraham
Ugol's Law is a law, in that it attempts to explain nature: "You're not the only one."
However Moore's Law is not a law at all. It doesn't explain nature, it commands -- well, not nature. It commands research and development.
It is an industry agreement on how to spend profits. Specifically, to give profits over to R&D enough to drive that rate of processor power increase, instead of paying that money to shareholders as dividends.
Or think of it as industry collusion to limit R&D money to a level that doesn't consume all profits and cause companies to bankrupt themselves and each other trying to keep up in an exponential technology race. It allows shareholders to profit-take.
Conversely, it allows management to stand up in shareholder meetings and explain a weak year with heavy R&D investment: "we needed the R&D funding to hit our Moore's Law targets".
So, not a law at all, just a super cool development schedule that allowed shareholders, managers and developers alike to share the dream.
The answer to your question is
Moore's Law bears on mechanical computers exactly as much as that society chooses to make Moore's Law (or some other development target) a part of their national vision/commitment/insanity.
You get exponential growth if the growth furthers more growth.
For an industry, that means that the products not only sell well, they also help building the next generation of production lines. In the case of integrated circuits, this happened not just with computers helping to the planning for the next generation, there was also the engineering industry that used the research results from generation X's imaging and precision tooling improvements to build the tools for generation X+1.
For mechanical computers, this self-improving cycle never took off. The machines were always too difficult to make, some of them even predated the era of mass production (Leibniz built one), some simply were out of reach for the engineering technology of the time (Babbage, he couldn't find a workshop that would produce the cogwheels at the required precision).
I think we did have exponential growth in mechanical engineering during the Industrial Revolution though, so I believe the answer would be: Yes there was Moore's Law for mechanical stuff, it just didn't happen for computers but for steam engines and related technology.
There was also an explosion of electrical engineering once the basic technologies around alternating current were available.
I.e. my current theory is: technological progress is a series of exponential improvements that run until they hit some barrier (as is typical for exponential growth).
toolforgertoolforger
$\begingroup$ There's been some sci-fi stories where people forgot how computers originated, and couldn't explain how the first computer was made - that is, they couldn't make a computer without other computers. This is not quite true yet (people still make "extremely simple" computers that don't strictly need computer assisted design), but it's definitely true for commercial computers - a big part of the increase in chip making productivity comes from better design tools and computers that run them, not to mention run the fabs themselves. Some day, it will confuse people as much as evolution :) $\endgroup$ – Luaan Jan 22 '19 at 7:55
There was exponential growth in electronic computers because the central task in making tiny integrated circuits is, in fact, easy. Lithography is a lot like photography. You're creating machines with billions of components by just taking a picture or making a photocopy. You're both making a billion components, and assembling a billion components! I don't want to understate the many peripheral problems to figure out (eg, how to arrange a billion components) but because those problems weren't intractable and solving each new problem benefited a lot from the previous advances in computation, it led to exponential progress.
Integrated circuits aren't the only example of rapid exponential growth. Nuclear weapons increased in power ~10,000 times in just a couple of decades. Turns out, they were easy too.
Unfortunately, we don't have an easy process for making gears. Manufacturing precise machines remains hard. I think a mechanical computer could be built to be relatively powerful with tiny components sealed from dust and with error correction to work around failures. But building the second would take just as long as the first, and be uneconomical. (Without lithography, we wouldn't have gotten very far with hand-assembled vacuum tubes either.)
If you could imagine a similarly easy way to make mechanical computers, then you could experience some period of rapid exponential progress.
Aleksandr DubinskyAleksandr Dubinsky
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Non-visual Computers - thoughts?


We develop a methodology for estimating the parameters of dynamic opinion or expectation formation processes with social interactions. We study a simple stochastic framework of a collective process of opinion formation by a group of agents who face a binary decision problem. The aggregate dynamics of the individuals' decisions can be analyzed via the stochastic process governing the ensemble average of choices. Numerical approximations to the transient density for this ensemble average allow the evaluation of the likelihood function on the base of discrete observations of the social dynamics. This generic approach can be used to estimate the parameters of various opinion formation processes from a variety of available aggregate data. Our applications include: (i) identification of interaction effects in a well-known business climate index as well as (ii) analysis of sentiment data from the German stock market. In both cases we find strong evidence of strong social interactions with the potential of generating abrupt swings in the average mood of respondents. In this way, the psychological component or the imprints of animal spirits in economic data can be identified.


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Mark Logan
Started working in newspapers in the 1990's in the darkroom of the Pastoral Times in Deniliquin before moving to Millthorpe in 2003. Soon after arriving I started as a photographer at the CWD. Now a journalist at the Blayney Chronicle.
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Browse: 10610 objects Focusing on: 1899 objects See all 10610
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Roundel textile fragment with quatrefoil and linked crosses
Date 10th - 15th century AD
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Among all-time top 10 Hindi releases, Cine1 with Kabir Singh stands at 9th position
The production house Cine 1 is coming up with two films Satellite Shankar and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2, of which the trailer of Satellite Shankar released today itself. If we look at the top films of 2019, the highest grossing film so far is Shahid Kapoor and Kiara Advani-starrer Kabir Singh, which is jointly produced by Murad Khetani and Ashwin Varde from Cine 1 and Bhushan Kumar and Krishan Kumar from T-Series. The film churned out Rs 268 crore at the box office in its lifetime.
Moreover, if we look at the all-time top 10 highest grossers of Hindi film industry, Kabir Singh is the only film of 2019 to enter the list so far. It stands at ninth position after Shahid Kapoor, Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone-starrer Padmaavat. Padmaavat's lifetime earnings are Rs 283 crore, which makes its numbers higher by just 6 per cent than that of Kabir Singh's. The film that follows Kabir Singh is Aamir Khan's Dhoom 3, which collected Rs 261.25 crore at the box office.


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Cubbon Park är en park i Indien.   Den ligger i staden Bangalore i delstaten Karnataka, i den södra delen av landet,  km söder om huvudstaden New Delhi. Cubbon Park ligger  meter över havet. Arean är  kvadratkilometer.

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Some of my wonderful fellow authors over at Sweet Romance Reads has a Christmas collection releasing today. If you love sweet, romantic Christmas stories, then you'll want to pick up this boxed set of 14 novellas.
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11:15 - Panel 1: Horizon Europe: What can the EU science community expect from the next Framework Programme?
The discussions on the 9th EU Framework Programme are well underway. In comparison to its predecessors the Horizon Europe Framework Programme is being called "a more political" in its nature and set-up. The panel will address the following questions: What will the novelty of the upcoming framework Programme imply for the EU science community? How impactful and supportive will the programme be in view of existing needs and challenges? How can we better secure a link between research areas and issues related to the European economy and society? How can we improve the climate for innovation by supporting industry-led research and a more solid and long-lasting partnership scheme between research centres and industry?
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The panel will discuss the results of BSN's expert groups on large scale research infrastructures and the impact of LEAPS as good practise example for transnational cooperation in this field.
14:15 Panel 3: Unlocking innovation potential through industry-research cooperation: how to better link research expertise to concrete industrial needs?
The panel will address questions on how to better link research expertise to concrete industrial needs by exploring how public and private sectors can work together for joint innovation and regional prosperity. The discussions will shed light on the impactful incentive structures needed for stimulating a knowledge-driven economy and provide new insights on how demand-supply can be balanced by initiating a timely dialogue between business and research. The session will demonstrate concrete business cases justifying the need in industrial leadership while building innovation capacity.
For many years there has been a steady increase of debates on how to find the right funding mechanisms for closing the innovation gap throughout Europe. A mix of private-public funds have been applied in the endeavour to secure a more evenly distributed innovation ecosystem.
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The session will question rationales of researcher mobility in the context of cooperation among neighbouring areas. A concept for a researcher mobility tool box designed for fostering exchange in the Baltic Sea Region will be presented.
Why should we be interested (in researcher mobility) in neighbouring areas when the world is global? How does mobility in the Baltic Sea Region contribute to the research excellence of engaged institutions and academics? How to get over the fear of brain drain in order to realise the possibilities of brain circulation in the macro-region.
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The Center for Open Science announces six new Preprint Servers
Ulrich Herb 30. August 2017 11. Juli 2020 Center for Open Science, Elsevier, Preprints, ServicesKeine Kommentare für The Center for Open Science announces six new Preprint Servers
Graphic by Center for Open Science, available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.
Yesterday the Center for Open Science (COS) announced the launch of six new Preprint Servers. The COS is thus obviously trying to offer alternatives to Elsevier's farm of purchased and newly founded publishing services.
The new COS services are:
INA-Rxiv, a national preprint server of Indonesia
LISSA, an open scholarly platform for library and information science
MindRxiv, a service for research on mind and contemplative practices
NutriXiv, a preprint service for the nutritional sciences
paleorXiv, a digital archive for Paleontology
SportRxiv, an open archive for sport and exercise-related research
They complement this list of already existing servers:
AgriXiv (agriculture)
BITSS (research methodology)
engrXiv (Engineering)
LawArXiv (law)
PsyArXiv (psychology)
SocArXiv (social sciences)
Thesis Commons (theses and dissertations)
OSF Preprints (any discipline)
The COS characterizes itself as "a non-profit technology and culture change organization with a mission to increase openness, integrity, and reproducibility of research." As Roger C. Schonfeld points out in the Ithaka S+R Blog the COS' "board is comprised of scientists and social scientists with several interesting institutional affiliations, most notably perhaps the National Academy of Sciences. Its strategic plan is available for all to review." Richard Poynder's interview with COS' marketing manager Rusty Speidel also gives us very interesting insights and useful information on the COS and its services.
16 Helmholtz Centers cancel Elsevier contracts
CERN's new Open Access Policy requires scientists to publish instrumentation articles


"Traffic Information Station" is created so that its users can have quick and effective access to the latest information of local traffic conditions, allowing them to plan their trips and save traffic time. After the "Traffic Information Station" has been made available to the public, the Transport Bureau will keep improving this program so that further practical traffic information can be provided.
* To support the Push notification function, Google Play(Previously called Android Market) and at least one Google account are required.
Fixed the push notification sound issue.
3.Open Android Emulator for PC import the DSAT Apps file from your PC Into Android Emulator to install it.
4.Install DSAT APPS for PC.Now you can play DSAT Apps on PC.


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01 March 2019 - You still haven't decided where to head to for the winter holidays? Here's our suggestion – come to Montenegro! As the name implies (Black Mountain), more than 80% of Montenegro is covered in mountains so we would say the best way to experience Montenegro is first to experience its mountains. Particularly in winters, Montenegro is in abundance with all kinds of winter activities from skiing, snowboarding, to ice-skating, snowmobiling and others.
Montenegro has two main ski resorts, Ski Resort Kolašin 1450 and Ski Resort Savin Kuk, located within the staggering mountains of Bjelasica and Durmitor. Besides them, there are also smaller ski centres like Ski Centre Vučje, Ski Centre Lokve, Ski Centre Hajla etc.
Ski Resort Kolašin 1450 offers a wide range of services including the ski-lift facilities, ski equipment rentals, ski depot for children and adults, night skiing, ski schools by professional ski instructors and much more at the 25km of slopes. The resort is located 8km from the city centre, at an altitude from 1450m up to 1973 meters, and easily accessible by car or bus. The slopes are well-maintained, divided and marked. Besides for experienced skiers, this place is very popular amongst the beginners and intermediates, who want to improve their skills. With good snow quality and reasonable prices, we are sure you will enjoy this resort to the full.
Renting ski equipment for one day this season costs 10€ for adults, and for children 8€, while the price of a ski depot for the disposal of ski equipment is from 3€.
Close to the National Park Biogradska Gora, this ski area is considered a great tourist destination where after an exhausting day on the ski slopes, you can rest and savour the delicious home-made Montenegrin cuisine with a glass of mulled wine.
Besides Kolašin 1450, this year, Ski Resort Kolašin 1600 has been opened, as "the new pearl of winter tourism in Montenegro". The infrastructure of this ski centre will operate in total about 4.6 km of ski slopes, on which one six-seat ski lift is installed.
Ski Resort Savin Kuk is located within the territory National Park Durmitor, 5km from Žabljak which is known as one of the favourite tourist destinations. At the altitude of 2,000 metres, this ski resort has two two-seater cable cars, three ski lifts, one of which is equipped with reflectors for night skiing, as well as a children's ski lift. There are a total of 5km ski slopes, with a capacity of 3 000 skiers. The resort is easily accessible by car and bus transport is often being organised from Podgorica.
In Žabljak, there is also another ski centre Javorovača, with two ski lifts, baby lift, night skiing, ski school and ski service, at the track length of 400 m.
About 20 km from Nikšić in the direction towards Žabljak at an altitude of more than 1,300 metres, located on the slopes of the plateau of Krnovo, Ski Centre Vučje is placed. A recreational trail of 1200m, two smaller tracks of 120m and a snowboard park with jumps are at disposal for the visitors. The cable car has a capacity of 200 skiers per hour. Ski equipment renting prices are 10€ a day, which is the same price for a daily ski pass, while ski area for children and beginners, as well as rental of sledges, is 5€! The tourist-recreational complex Vučje, besides a ski centre, service for renting and repairing ski equipment, also includes a 3-star hotel with a restaurant.
After being inactive for 13 years, Ski Centre Hajla has been reopened in 2017. Hajla is one of the most magnificent mountains in Montenegro. It is located at the very border of Montenegro and Kosovo, and with its highest peak of 2403 m, it is the highest mountain of the Montenegrin part of the Mountain wreath of Prokletije. Two ski schools are operating on the ski area, "Rožaje Ski School" and "Turjak Ski School" which are conducted by lead skiing instructors with international licenses. All accompanying equipment for safe skiing including safety fences, trail markers, mountain rescue services and equipment for urgent repair of possible injuries are installed, with a medical worker also on the track. Within the track named Turjak 2, snowboard club "Jump"is organising snowboarding school with a five-day training course.
Ski Centre Lokve is located on the mountain Cmiljevica, at an altitude of 1350 to 1700 meters. Found close to the same-named hotel Lokve, which has not been working for the past couple of years due to privatisation, this ski centre is 15km away from Berane, and next to the main road to Rožaje. Thanks to its mesmerising nature and the fact that is close to the highway to Serbia, this ski centre has a great potential of becoming a real winter attraction in this northern part of Montenegro. Currently, the length of existing slopes is around five kilometres, and the centre has a two-seater chair lift and two ski lifts. The daily ski equipment price for adults is 10€, for children 7€ and the youngest 5€.
28 February 2019 - The German Airline Lufthansa has confirmed that starting from April, the company will launch a seasonal flight from Tivat to Munich and Frankfurt in Germany as part of the expansion of the network in the Balkans Peninsula.
Lufthansa will enter the Montenegrin market next year by launching flights from Munich and Frankfurt to Tivat. Services from both German cities will be maintained once per week. The Munich-Tivat service will start April 13, while the Frankfurt-Tivat service will be launched three days later, April 16. The services will be maintained with the airline's 136-seat Airbus A319 aircraft.
The Director of Lufthansa Group in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro and Slovenia, Bernhard Wodl, stated that Lufthansa decided to launch connections between Tivat and both its hubs in Germany, as the Montenegrin market has a lot of potentials. From Montenegro, passengers will be able to use Lufthansa's large global network of hundreds of destinations and thousands of connections.
During the negotiations with the German airline, Danilo Orlandić, Head of the Airports of Montenegro, gave a statement on the importance of the connection with the German market and the cooperation with Lufthansa. "Lufthansa, as one of the most important carriers in Europe and the world, should be our partner. The German market is extremely important for our tourism industry. Furthermore, German airports have excellent worldwide connectivity, so the launch of new routes to this market is vital for the public, "said Orlandić.
You can find more information about the new service and the schedules of the new flights at the TMN dedicated page.
Other Lufthansa Group-member airlines serving Montenegro include Austrian Airlines from Vienna to Podgorica, Brussels Airlines to Tivat, as well as Eurowings from Dusseldorf to Tivat. Other airlines which have already confirmed new flights to the Montenegrin market next year include Laudamotion from Stuttgart to Podgorica and Enter Air from Poznan to Tivat.
28 February 2019 - Ryanair has put tickets on sale for its upcoming new service between Barcelona and Podgorica!
Connections from Barcelona to the Balkans are becoming even more diverse as Ryanair launches a new route to Podgorica in June.
Montenegrin Airports have invested enormous effort to establish the direct airline Podgorica - Barcelona, bearing in mind the fact that the Pyrenees peninsula is one of the most significant markets in Europe.
As TMN reported earlier, Danilo Orlandić, the Montenegro Airports' executive director, started negotiations for the establishment of the airline above at a meeting within European Aviation Forum, Connect 2018.
"As I said earlier, we took a proactive approach and established contact with companies within markets that we think are not open enough. One of the most important markets is the Pyrenees peninsula and having in mind all factors, we decided to do everything to establish the direct line Podgorica - Barcelona, "Orlandić told CdM.
The European Aviation Forum, Connect 2018 gathered more than 500 representatives of 65 airline companies and 250 airports who visited Georgia's capital city of Tbilisi to discuss aviation challenges. During the three days of the Forum, the delegates of air companies including Royal Dutch Airlines, Gulf Air, Wizz Air, Ryanair, Ukraine International Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and many others have discussed existing and expected challenges in the field of air traffic, and have provided grounds for cooperation between airlines and airports for new flights.
Podgorica – Barcelona flights will launch on June 6 and run once per week, each Thursday, until October 6, after which the route will be maintained twice per week, on Thursdays and Sundays. It marks Ryanair's second new service to the Montenegrin capital this year, following Bologna. Further flight details can be found at the ExYu Aviation Website.
As CdM learns, the significance of this line is enormous, as Podgorica Airport will be the only airport in the region that will be connected to Barcelona throughout the year. Other airports have seasonal lines with the capital of Catalonia, so Podgorica will be the point of uniting this part of Europe with Barcelona outside the season.
This is the first direct airline linking Montenegro and Spain.
February 27, 2019 - While the Hollywood actress Kirsten Svanholm, known as Kitty Swan and born in Copenhagen, Denmark, was making the movie "Tarzan and the Brown Prince" on 31 October 1970, in which she played the role of Tarzan's beautiful companion Jane, she hadn't even dreamt that there was a magical country, hidden in the heart of Europe with an even more magical name – Montenegro, writes Milija Pajkovic in the blog within the project "All Wonders of Montenegro", telling us the amazing story connecting the Hollywood star and the small town of Berane at the nothern part of our country.
It is highly likely that, back then, Kitty didn't even know where this lovely country, full of clear streams, rivulets, rivers and lakes, resting next to the sea and curled up under mountain massifs, in the form of a cuddly cat, was located. On the last day of October, the beautiful Danish lady couldn't even have imagined that there was a small picturesque local community in the fairytale-like Montenegro, with a magical name as well – Berane! If someone had told her by chance that she would somehow end up in Montenegro and Berane, she would have definitely just shaken her cute head as if to say "no" and continued stroking her long dark hair!
However, it is well known that sometimes things that a person could never dream of, or even conceive of, happen to them! It is certain that those things which are directed by destiny and some special force could not be directed even by the best director in the world! It was exactly on that 31 October in 1970, while shooting in Rainbow Springs in Florida that the unskilled pyrotechnicians caused a fire on set which quickly spread out of control and Tarzan and Jane, or Steve Hawkes and Kitty Swan, were unexpectedly caught in the midst of that fire. It took a great deal of effort to get them out of the centre of the fire – Kitty had burns over a quarter of her facial and bodily skin, although Steve got off more lightly. Kitty was transferred to the best American clinic for treating burns, in Gainesville, also in Florida. However, the experts could not help her and they suggested that she should not do anything for a year and after that the worst-case solution could be implemented – plastic surgery. But, Jane would not be Jane, queen of the jungle and Tarzan's love, if she hadn't learned something important, even from a regular fairytale film, and the lesson she learned was that life was a constant struggle and that life, in fact, was just a regular jungle and that those who want to persevere in this jungle-life must never be despondent! Even though she was severely injured and although she barely made it out alive, she decided to declare war on the burns, scars and colloids! She decided to bring back at least the smallest fraction of her previous beauty and to dream the most beautiful dream – to become a mother.
The fact that she could barely walk, had difficulties moving her hands and arms, and constantly had dark thoughts, was something that she never wanted to accept as obstacles on the path towards achieving her goals. It was precisely during that time, when we still all had the same TV channel in our then united country, that the weekly magazine "Radio and TV Review" ("Radio i TV Revija") was issued! Apart from the announcement of the upcoming shows, there were stories about male and female singers, actors and actresses published in this magazine, and sometimes they even published translated news from foreign magazines which had similar topics. It was in this way that some parts of the report from an Italian magazine were published shortly after Kitty's accident, and this report provided a vivid portrayal of the beautiful Kirsten's accident. "Radio and TV Review" was widely read in Montenegro, including in Berane, a dreamy little local community, lulled to sleep under the peaks of Komovi, Bjelasica and Cmiljevica, bordering a plain next to the silvery River Lim. Among the members of the regular readers club of "Radio and TV Review" was a married couple from Berane, Jovan and Dragica Šaljić, who lived in the most recently constructed Berane suburb, located below Bogavsko Hill, known as Novo Naselje (New Settlement). The magazine could have published the article and Jovan and Dragica could have read it in their back garden, under their apple tree, with the sound of their bees, and none of this would have had any relevance to Kirsten Svanholm's most important battle in life had the Šaljić couple not been engaged in making health products from herbs – something they were not doing just for fun.
Therefore, as soon as they found out what this article was about, they were rather shaken up by the actress's cruel destiny. Jovan quickly wrote to the editorial team of the "Review" and the letter he wrote was as short as possible: "I can heal Kitty Swan, Jovan Šaljić, herbalist, Novo Naselje, Berane!" Jovan was already famous in herbalist circles, mostly for healing people after they had been burned, and this was because he and his family had kept the secrets of their ancestors, lived in harmony with nature, respected it and took from it only that which was offered in abundance. And, of course, if there hadn't been anyone in this team of editors who actually believed Jovan, the letter would have probably ended up in the wastepaper basket. But when destiny takes care of things, events uncoil in the exact way they were destined to – not long passed and Kitty Swan, Jane in the film, landed at the airport in Berane, which was located just above Šaljić's house, on a long plain in the valley!
She was wrapped up in blankets, had a pained grimace on her face and she seemed frightened by the sudden leap into an unreal world, which was both strange and beautiful at the same time. She had been bewildered and in disbelief when she first heard about the strange herbalist from this unconceivable country called Montenegro, from a place called Berane, being able to help her, and this situation made her look like a trapped lioness from one of her films. However, faster than expected, Kitty started to feel and look better! Šaljić's ointments started producing results and this was exactly what modern medicine hadn't been able to do, to regenerate a youthful look and restore the old glow of the skin, to get rid of the colloids and unbearable itchiness, and to return elasticity to the entire body. Along with the visible physical recovery, Kitty started feeling her true self mentally as well. Surrounded by the kind attention of the Šaljić family, and with the fact that they accepted her as a family member and with good and healthy home-made food, Kitty Swan was becoming stronger by the day! When the glow in her beautiful eyes started to came back, she took a walk around Berane, along the famous promenade, all the way to Đurđevi Stupovi Monastery, surrounded by the unending attention from the entire population of Berane, and, of course, overwhelmed by the curiosity of the local population because it was not a daily occurrence for them to have a heroine from the silver screen in town, and especially not one whose film were always eagerly watched – Jane!
Additionally, Kitty loved sitting under the big apple tree in the back garden and enjoying the greenery and peace; apart from that, she played hide and seek with the children from the nearby houses, thus becoming their favorite friend. A performance in her honor was organized in the Cultural Centre in Berane, and Roko Dragović translated from Danish for the audience – he was a young man, also from Novo Naselje, who occasionally travelled to Denmark. Swan performed a few songs, which delighted the audience. Steve Hawkes, her on-screen husband – Tarzan – showed that he was not only a great actor, but a great person as well! It was no trouble for him to travel all the way to Berane and provide his unreserved support towards her in this struggle. He was also a guest of the Šaljić family. Steve Hawks, or as the locals from Berane called him "Tarzo", was, in fact, Stjepan Šipek from Samobor, a small settlement near Zagreb! Šipek never found out who his real parents were, and when he was abandoned, he was taken in by a lady from Samobor who lived on her own. The well-meaning lady truly had a good soul and bonded with the child, as she also had no family – her name was Sofija Čakalić. Interestingly enough, she was not related to him in any way.
Even though she was alone and poor, she brought Stjepan up as if he were her own son, as his mother, grandmother and whatever else she had to be. He quickly grew into a strong lad, who became famous for his exquisite strength, physique and healthy appetite throughout the area of Samobor, and even in the surrounding parts. Sofija had a great wish for Stjepan to become a locksmith. Whether poor Sofija–Soka understood and had in mind the profitability and historical importance of that trade remains unknown; none of the very few chroniclers from Samobor record this, or else were not allowed to record it. However, Grandma Sofija's wish never came true, as her Stjepan, her Stjepko, her baby, travelled to Canada in 1959. His trip to this distant country changed his life completely, and this all started in 1964 when he won a swimming marathon at the famous Lake Ontario. He swam a distance of 17 kilometers in eight hours and 55 minutes. After four years, he arrived in Miami Beach; this was exactly the time when films audiences were looking for a new Tarzan, and Šipe was among 300 men who applied for the role.
are in this heart of mine For me, you are a sad song, Kitty Swan.
Now sing and smile, each flower looks like you It will stay forever in my heart.
In September 1971, Kirsten Svanholm – Kitty Swan – left Berane almost completely cured, and apart from the many nice and dear recollections and memories, she took ointments with her in her bags. The following year, in September, Jovan Šaljić and Kitty met in Podgorica because she couldn't travel to Berane by car and she couldn't fly there because planes no longer flew into Berane. There was a happy occasion to be celebrated – she was pregnant! Their encounter was touching, full of tears of joy and immense gratitude shown by the beautiful Dane, Kirsten, who had been victorious in her biggest struggle in life, thanks to the help of Mr Jovan Šaljić, the man who cured Kitty Swan. Kitty Swan's stay in Berane was published in almost all the newspapers in the old country of Yugoslavia, but people from Berane and Montenegro did not succeed in making anything bigger out of it and in realising that their future lies in agriculture, combined with the production of healthy food, the exporting of drinking water and tourism, rather than in heavy industry! But there is more to this!
As usually happens in our country, there were individuals who claimed that this ointment was nothing new and that even they could have cured the famous actress! It is true that the valley of Berane and its villages, as well as the surrounding area, represent a true repository of therapeutic teas and potions, and that many people have retained their family's secret recipes and make exquisite ointments. However, it is equally true that no one prevented them from sending a letter and trying to heal Kitty Swan, just as Jovan Šaljić did, together with his wife Dragica, who was originally from the old trading and commercial Antović family from Plav. The area of Berane could have become a film location, even for the types of films dedicated to the adventures of Tarzan and Jane, since there were many areas of virgin forest in Berane at the time, especially in the forests of Šekularac, Bjelasica, Cmiljevac, Kom and Bihor. These areas were abundant in streams with swirling vortices and waterfalls, lianas and large butterburs. Additionally, finding stuntmen among the local population, representing the different tribes in the jungle, would have been easy.
They tended to tan quickly, especially during the first days of spring while herding sheep in the mountain meadows, and during the summer, while they mowed the "Tipac" grass. Unfortunately, such a project would be inconceivable today, since the thick forests are ruined, stripped down and dispersed. This is mostly due to activities undertaken by the households close to the forest areas, but also due to raw material collected for the use of the cellulose and paper factory, and later on due to activities undertaken by various groups of private businessmen and illegal tree fellers. Sadly, Tarzan and Jane would no longer have a place to hide in these forests. Additionally, even the stuntmen are no longer around; most or all of them have left the villages and moved to the centre of the country, or all around the globe. They are now pale, that they could only act in westerns. However, they couldn't even make it there because there are too many cowboy films nowadays"!
"All Wonders of Montenegro" project has been initiated by the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism with the aim of renewing interest in tourist locations in the country, and completing their digitalization.
February 25, 2019 - Orahovac is a place in Kotor Bay, which stretches from the village of Ljuta to Perast. The name of the site is first mentioned in the 15th century. Like most settlements along the Bokelian coast, and Orahovac exists as Gornji (upper) and Donji (lower) - the first was formed the settlement in the hinterland, and later the urban area along the coast. Today, it is just the coastal part of Orahovac - the center of the settlement and the village Drazin Vrt, what we read in the area, while most of the upper settlement is left behind preserving only the outlines of the former cultural landscape. Our host in Orahovac is Professor Dr. Ilija Lalosevic, an architect.
"At the time of Old Zeta, Orahovac was the principal and included Donji Orahovac, Drazin Vrt and Glogovac, if we are talking about the seafront. Orahovac once belonged to the Perast municipality, and we know that Glogovac was part of it, by notary records from the Venetian period. As far as Gornji Orahovac is concerned, we have a whole range of hamlets - the Velje Selo, the largest, then the Kljavici, Jezevici, Ubalac and Velinici. What we see today along the shore is therefore only a small part of the settlement territory, which inland goes all the way to Krivosije, and in one part even borders with the Municipality of Niksic and the Municipality of Cetinje - the villages of Grahovo, Zalazi and Cuce. Of course, the older settlement is Gornji Orahovac. Along the coast, as well as in other parts of the Boka Bay, such as the Stoliv or Prcanj, at first were just objects related to sea activities, while the majority of the villages were in the background," explains Professor Lalosevic.
From 1482 to 1684 Orahovac was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. It was freed along with Risan and other places under Turkish rule, up to Kumbor. "At that time, the inhabitants began to be more involved in maritime and commerce, which meant the spread of settlements along the coast. Although Orahovac in the past was primarily perceived as a settlement of farmers and fishers, it was significant in the maritime sector and especially in the trade. Because of the connection to the hinterland, this place was the door of Montenegro to the sea - the area of Cuce gravitated to Orahovac. Therefore, after liberation from the Turks in the 17th century, beside Kotor and Risan, the one in Orahovac was the third market in Kotor Bay. For this purpose, the whole network of paths has been made, as evidenced by the documents available in the Historical Archive in Kotor," explains architect Ilija Lalosevic.
Orahovac is today one of the few places along the coast of the Boka Bay where you can still feel the authentic culture of life. The reason for this, above all, lies in the fact that the cultural landscape along the coast is still quite well preserved of the pressures of excessive and inadequate urbanization. "In comparison with other places in Boka, we can say that Orahovac is well preserved, especially part along the coast with old, stone houses. After the earthquake in 1979, some buildings were built that are not very close to the ambience, but the town mostly preserved the character and urban matrix, characterized by smaller buildings and a lot of greenery. The relationship with the coast, the sea, the Mandraci has been preserved, we have kept the beaches. We have a tourist resort that we did not want, against which the locals even managed to compete at the session of Kotor Municipality in the 1990s, but it was subsequently built. It is the Synthesis Complex, which, as we would say, is seen from the plane. We have several dense urban angulations that are not in the character of the matrix, but it is still negligible when we look at what has happened in the area of Dobrota, Kostanjica or Prčanj."
Gornji Orahovac is almost completely abandoned today. "According to some data, Orahovac had almost 1,000 inhabitants in its "golden age", in the middle of the 19th century. The village was very populated; each household had about ten members, especially in the largest hamlet of Velje Selo, which had thirty houses. Gornji Orahovac became abandoned after the Second World War when emigration took place. Today there are no permanent residents, and part of the houses is preserved only in Ubalac settlement, to which, thanks to the efforts of the locals who are still returning to the hinterland, especially the teacher Mr. Abramovich, a road was made. This route comes from the hinterland of Risan, from the locality of Kalacka Voda. To other villages of Gornji Orahovac, there are no roads, and they are abandoned completely thirty years ago," says Professor Ilija Lalosevic.
Today, Gornji Orahovac is known primarily as a popular destination for alternative tourism, hiking, and mountain-climbing, which brings us to the sad fact that this part of Boka Bay has met more tourists than residents. "There are plenty of domestic and foreign guests, as well as my colleagues, who visit Gornji Orahovac, primarily within walking and hiking trails. I was there last time in 2005 when we prepared the exhibition "Orahovac - a village on our conscience" realized by Jadran Art from Perast and the former Regional Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. Except for the needs of this exhibition, some ethnologists from the University of Belgrade were also involved in the research. While we were engaged in the Regional Institute, colleague Aleksandra Kapetanovic and I started work on collecting materials - shooting old houses, after which the rural architecture of Gornji Orahovac was not deeper studied," Lalosevic explained.
In anticipation of some better times for the legacy in the hinterland, and Orahovac, as well as other places along the coast, today mostly lives from tourism. However, the site has managed to preserve a part of earlier economic activities. "We in Orahovac still have fishers who are engaged in fishing in the old, traditional way. Agriculture, because of the terrain configuration, has never been specially developed but we're cattle breeding. Unfortunately, this activity is dead. As far as tourism is concerned, Orahovac is not a place that characterizes masses. The capacity is primarily directed towards family tourism, which is why Orahovac attracts guests seeking peace and rest and the true meaning of that word. Along the coast, we have several wonderful beach bars, which are embedded in the ambience and are characterized by a lot of greenery. I think peace and harmony are what attracts tourists to Orahovac. Earlier, most of our guests come from Belgrade and Novi Sad, and now most of our guests come from Western Europe, Germany, and France," says our host in Orahovac, architect Ilija Lalosevic.
When it comes to the cultural heritage, the most important monument of Orahovac is the church of St. George. Its architecture is not impressive, but its position. It is located on the great natural rock of Stanac. The chapel on the site of today's church altar dates from the 13th century, while the rest of today's church was erected in the 19th century.
Today, in Orahovac you can visit the Bajova kula tower, a place where the famous Montenegrin warrior Bajo Pivljanin once operated. You can opt for one of the hiking trips in the hinterland, or enjoy the pleasant seafront ambiance, with friendly hosts and hard working fishers who continue to sail on the wooden boats, using the fishing tools of their grandparents.
24 February 2019 - Tour Guide Association of Montenegro visited Nikšić yesterday to officially celebrate the International Day of Tour Guides. 50 of them had the opportunity to acquaint themselves with cultural and historical monuments, the most representative facilities and tourism potential of the town at the foot of Trebjesa.
"We hope that this visit will make a very positive impact on our municipality and that we will enhance tourist visits. We also hope that we will improve the quality of the tourism offer of Nikšić since it is, as many people think, the neglected destination on the tourism map of Montenegro," said the tour guide and a representative of the Association, Miljan Mijušković.
Deputy president of the Municipality of Nikšić, Sonja Nikčević, pointed out that this city "still has not found the place it deserves on the tourism map of Montenegro".
"Your arrival will help reinforce the story of Nikšić as being tourism town, with all its attributes that we are going to develop further. I am one of those who think that Montenegro has a unique address in tourism and, in that sense, I believe that Nikšić is one of its pearls, about to find the place it deserves," said Nikčević.
Today, thanks to the improved transport infrastructure, the importance of the town at the foot of Trebjesa is significantly higher. In addition to that, the hotel industry gives its contribution as well. As far as tourism offer is concerned, this city has a lot of things to be proud of. Beautiful nature and cultural and historical monuments in the first place.
"Let's just mention Crvena stijena, Roman bridge dating from the 3rd century, Carev most, (the Emperor's Bridge), the castle… Everybody is amazed at the nature Nikšić offers," said Nikčević.
Local administration will keep working hard on improving the tourism offer of this beautiful town and its adequate positioning and categorization.
Experience of the representatives of the Association shows that, so far, Nikšić barely existed in the tourism programs.
"We pass through Nikšić when we go rafting or canyoning. After this visit, the story about Nikšić will definitely become richer," concluded tour guide from Budva, Darinka Grloman.
24 February 2019 - Connections from Barcelona to the Balkans are becoming even more diverse as Ryanair launches a new route to Podgorica in June 2019.
Montenegrin Airports have invested enormous effort in order to establish the direct Podgorica - Barcelona line, bearing in mind the fact that the Pyrenees peninsula is one of the most significant markets in Europe.
Danilo Orlandić, Montenegro Airports' executive director, started negotiations for the establishment of the aforementioned airline at a meeting within European Aviation Forum, Connect 2018.
"As I said earlier, we took a proactive approach and established contact with companies within markets that we think are not open enough. One of the most important markets is the Pyrenees peninsula and having in mind all factors, we decided to do everything to establish the direct line Podgorica - Barcelona," Orlandić told CdM.
As CdM reports, according to the agreements established at Connect Forum and further negotiations, the direct airline Podgorica-Barcelona will be established from June 2019. Flights will be organised once a week and from October two times a week.
The Podgorica - Barcelona airline will be run by low-cost company Ryanair, with which Montenegrin Airlines has already reached an agreement. Previously during the Forum, MA also negotiated with companies Vueling and Iberia.
22 February 2019 -The "Belle Adriatique" cruiser was the first to bring guests to Bar this year, marking the beginning of the cruising season in Bar. Tourist Organisation Bar, Barska plovidba, as well as the Cluster of tourism and creative industries, organized a joint traditional welcome for guests from the cruiser.
Director of the TO Bar, Emil Kukalj, said that he was satisfied with the early start of the cruising season, compared to the start of the previous seasons. "We are very satisfied with the fact that today we will host a significant number of tourists who will visit Bar, above all Stari Bar and the Old Olive," Kukalj said.
The TO Bar representative said they expect the arrival of about 27 ships, which, according to the report, is a significant figure for Bar. Namely, they also stated that the number of cruisers who visit Bar is increasing from year to year.
"Today, the first cruiser owned by a French company came to the port. The specificity of this first cruiser that arrived today at the port of Bar is exactly the date of its arrival, i.e. the ship arrived in the winter period, which is a rarity," said the Director of the Department for Passenger and Goods Traffic of Barska plovidba Sanja Tomašević. She pointed out that, according to schedule, the same cruiser will arrive in Bar eight more times this season.
Tourists from "Belle Adriatique" cruiser were presented with souvenirs and gastronomic delicacies.
Olja Fatić, President of the Tourism Cluster, pointed out that the goal of the grand welcome of tourists who come to Bar is to present the tourism offer of Bar and Montenegro in a different manner. "Our cluster includes 15 active exhibitors dealing with handicrafts, such as olive oil, other olive products, goat milk products, soaps, decorative items and many others," Fatić said.
The owner of the agency Ave turs Biljana Dabić pointed out that this is the first year in which the cruising season opens in the winter period and will last until the half of October. She believes that in 2019 the cruising season will be record-breaking by the number of cruisers arriving, and by the number of guests as well.
It has been announced that more than 25,000 cruiser tourists will arrive in Bar within this season. "We do not expect benefits within the first year. Still, if you just consider that 25,000 people are coming to Bar, their potential satisfaction and happiness with their journey mean a lot. Their positive experience will mean that on the tourist map of the world, Bar will be presented to hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world, "said Dabić.
21 February 2019 - The hotel complex Palmon Bay Hotel & Spa located in Igalo, Herceg Novi has earned a high 9.0 guest rating, out of a possible 10, for a complete service in 2018, which is why the Booking.com website awarded them with the Guest Review Award package.
This is a remarkable acknowledgment of the guests who evaluated the overall offer of the hotel as well as the services that the hotel offers outside the facility, which creates additional motivation for the hotel's management. Last year's rating of the hotel on booking.com was 8.9 and the complex managed to raise that rank to 9.0, which is a great success for the entire Palmon Bay Hotel team.
The Guest Review Awards program is Booking.com's annual appreciation program that recognizes partners for their top-notch hospitality according to review scores left by guests after their stay. To become a winner of the Guest Review Awards, properties need to meet special conditions in relations to review scores and the number of reviews.
The winners of Booking.com Awards receive their Guest Review Award package, which contains a letter of praise, a special certificate for positive guest reviews, and a window sticker which proves that numerous guests positively evaluated the facility.
According to the Executive Director of Palmon Bay Hotel and Spa, Bojan Ilić, the guests of the hotel are the heart of their business and making sure they have the best possible experience is what ultimately defines this facility. "Our main goal is for our guests to be satisfied, for them to leave the hotel with a smile and to raise this ranking even more in the future. In this facility, where guests are quite critical, such results point out that we are on the right track. Being harmonized with the standards and procedures and constant training of employees have all come to this result," Ilić explained for Radio Jadran.
He added that the management of the hotel constantly analyzes the guest ratings, trying to make the hotel feel like their home during their stays and to give each guest the same level of attention. "If the management does not pay attention to criticism, the service cannot be improved," Ilić assessed. The guests, according to him, are most appreciative of the staff, the property, the cleanliness, the comfort, the location, i.e. the value of everything for which they invested their money.
The hotel management is satisfied with the current visit, although the results can always be better, especially due to aggressive and intense campaigns and promotions at various fairs.
Palmon Bay Hotel & Spa is a modern hotel located in Igalo, Herceg Novi near the seashore. This luxurious hotel features 204 rooms and suites, private beach, Wellness and Spa Centre, lobby and pool bar, business centre and a la carte restaurant Olive Terrace located on the roof terrace. The management of the hotel has high expectations for the four-star Palmon Bay in 2019, and their predictions include improvements in the hotel's general offer and an increase in the number of visits.
21 February 2019 - Montenegrin Public Enterprise for Coastal Zone Management will officially present the special magazine "The Collection of Montenegro's Best Beaches" for the first time at the IFT 2019 in Belgrade.
Montenegrin Public Enterprise for Coastal Zone Management will take part in the 41st International Tourism Fair (IFT 2019) in Belgrade. The presentation of Montenegrin beaches, marinas and every aspect of Montenegrin coastal offer will be located at the stand of the National Tourist Organization of Montenegro.
The theme of this year's presentation of the Coastal Zone Management Enterprise is the new categorisation of swimming areas and beaches from Herceg Novi to Ulcinj. According to the Enterprise's representatives, from this season onwards, all public swimming areas will have their own theme - family swimming places, somewhat more hidden romantic and excursion swimming areas, beaches for active vacation (wind & kite surfing and diving) party beaches.
"As a special novelty, we marked pet-friendly swimming areas that are intended for all tourists and visitors who wish to spend the day on the beach with their pets. There are also special beaches, medicinal and nudist swimming areas. For the fair show, a special magazine "The Collection of Montenegrin Best Beaches" has been prepared - a catalogue of the most attractive beaches that have a prestigious ecological recognition of the Blue Flag, but also an extraordinary gastro and lifestyle offer on the beach," the representatives of Coastal Zone Management Enterprise explained.
During the fair, the Director of the Public Enterprise, Predrag Jelušić and his associates will meet with numerous workpeople from the tourism department and partners from Serbia and the region. Media presentations will be organized daily on which the Montenegrin coast, as the most important tourist resource, will be promoted before the auditorium of one of the most important tourism fairs.
20 February 2019 - Creating digital contents in relation to Kanli Tower is a project that will definitely improve the tourist offer of the city of Herceg Novi. Director of the Office for International Cooperation, Simonida Kordić, told News Agency Radio Jadran that the contractor has already purchased the equipment, and the production of digital content for which there is already a scenario is in progress.
"It will be a documentary and feature film content. The scenario is complete and it's time to start shooting specific scenes. It will be an attractive, but historically correct content," Kordić explains.
The film will be both entertaining and educational, for which experts engaged in the historical validity of the data are currently engaged.
The municipality of Herceg Novi hired architect and heraldry, Srđan Marlović, whose role is the historical research and development of the screenplay, that is, the consultation on the creation of scripts for the film. Marlović told Radio Jadran that he collected data from the archives in Venice, Zadar, Split, Vienna, and Trieste.
"From seven Venetian archives, I collected about 40 authentic documents related to Herceg Novi, which have never been extracted. When it comes to the history of the city, we know about the past 100 to 120 years, and no one knows anything from the time before that period, because the research was not fundamental and based on scientific principles," claims Marlović.
The goal of this project is to record a popular feature film that does not burden the viewers with information and facts, but, as Marlović says, it should be easy on the eyes and interesting. Nearly all historical cities, from Israel, through Greece, Spain or Italy, have similar digital contents.
According to him, the film will be divided into several segments that will last a total of 20 minutes and will display the history of Herceg Novi's development, with an emphasis on Kanli Tower.
"The shooting will be done in the original ambient, on the tower, and in the Old Town, because the job is very demanding. Cameramen have to be careful not to have some of the modern devices or products in their shooting frame, such as air conditioners," says Simonida Kordić.
Complete digitalisation equipment for the film recording was purchased through public procurement and the contractor is responsible for everything.
For the development of innovative digital content and procurement of equipment for the fortress Kanli Tower, the Municipal Commission chose the offer of the consortium Čikom LLC and Digital dab LLC from Podgorica. The estimated value of the deal was 174,650 EUR, and the consortium Čikom - Digital dab offered 166,850 EUR.


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CMAI, a professional registered ICT association, is involved in policy formulations with Government and other stakeholders for technology innovations, indigenous manufacturing and communications sector and for policies concerning environmental, pollution and health. CMAI was actively involved in telecom policies for mobile, 3G, spectrum, licensing, etc. CMAI provides a forum where telecommunications companies can unite to advance the industry's concerns and provides exceptional value through advocacy and business opportunities, networking and continuous interaction with Government, telecom operators and manufacturers and opinion makers. CMAI is known for National Telecom Awards and International Communications and Electronics Fair being organized in New Delhi, Shanghai, and Shenzhen.
The Austrian Electrotechnical Association (OVE) was founded in 1883, when electrical engineering was a new but fast developing technology. As the safe use of electrical equipment and installations was its main purpose, the association published the first safety regulations for electrical engineering already in 1889, being one of the first institutions for electrical standardization worldwide. Today, 125 years after the founding, the primary objectives of the association are still the same: electrotechnical standardization and certification ensure safety as well as technological and subsequently economic advance. OVE supports the economy in the global market and guarantees compliance with national as well as international standards and guidelines in an objective and independent manner.
Founded in 1949, the Scientific Association for Infocommunications (formerly known as Scientific Society for Telecommunications) is a voluntary and autonomous professional society of engineers and economists, researchers and businessmen, managers and educational, regulatory and other professionals concerned in the fields of telecommunications, broadcasting, electronics, information and media technologies in Hungary. The Scientific Association for Infocommunications (in Hungarian: HÍRKÖZLÉSI ÉS INFORMATIKAI TUDOMÁNYOS EGYESÜLET, HTE) has a membership of ca. 1200 individuals who are distinguished and highly qualified members of their professions and 60 corporate members. Among the corporate members, large companies and small-and-medium enterprises with industrial, trade, service-providing, research and development activities as well as educational institutions and other organizations can be found.
The IEICE-CS covers a wide range of research fields related to communications systems, with 19 regular technical committees and 10 fixed-term technical committees. Each committee forms a professional community and supports the activities of the IECE-CS through the planning of many events such as keynote lectures, symposia, and panel discussions held at IEICE General and Society Conferences. Some committees formulate plans for international symposia in their respective research fields, and technical meetings held jointly with overseas institutions outside Japan. Technical committees hold their meetings monthly or several times a year at various academic and research institutions in Japan, where the latest research developments achieved by universities, research institutes, and companies are presented and hot topics are discussed. The proceedings of each meeting are published as an IEICE Technical Report. IEICE-CS publishes English and Japanese transactions every month.
SER is the Swedish Society of Electrical and Computer Engineers with about 2000 members. Our aim is to foster contacts and collaboration between engineers as well as influence the development of technology and competence. We promote the development of a sustainable society through the use of electrical, electronics, computer and information technologies. To achieve this we use lectures, seminars, educational or company visits that cover a variety of topics. Our members get access to both formal and informal social networks. SER is a member of EUREL which is a cooperation between fellow societies in Europe. Membership includes free subscriptions to a couple of technical magazines. SER is independent from political and labour organisations.
SIKOM (Slovenian Society for Electronic Communications), established in 2005, is a specialized professional society in charge of electronic communications activities within EZS (Electrotechnical Association of Slovenia). It operates on the basis of its own program, and keeps up to date with the pertinent professional and organizational issues in the field of electronic communications and related areas. From the beginning of 2007 it took over the responsibility for the implementation of the Sister Society Agreement between IEEE ComSoc and EZS.
3GPP is the leading standards project for 3rd and 4th Generation mobile systems. EDGE, GPRS, W-CDMA, HSPA and LTE have provided solid growth, with the latest versions (beyond 3GPP Release 10) of LTE set to be the platform for future radio accesses – even beyond 4G. Day-to-day work from 3GPP is freely available on-line, with meeting documents, specifications and their 'Change Requests' on-line for all to study and use for future systems evolution.
CONVINcE will address the challenge of reducing the power consumption in IP-based video networks with an end-to-end approach, from the Head End to the terminals, also considering the core and access networks. The partners' efforts will concentrate on architectures, hardware and software design, protocols and basic technologies in the devices. In parallel to these activities focused on optimizing the power consumption in each part of the system, the project will run transversal activities on "Software best practices & Eco-design" and "Power & QoE measurements". The project will also consider the use of new technologies recently suggested for energy savings in the form of Software Defined Networking (SDN) associated with Network Function Virtualization (NFV).
ETSI produces globally-applicable standards for Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), including fixed, mobile, radio, converged, aeronautical, broadcast and internet technologies and is officially recognized by the European Union as a European Standards Organization. ETSI is an independent, not-for-profit organization with more than 800 member organizations worldwide, drawn from 66 countries and five continents. Members include the world's leading companies and innovative R&D organizations.
GSA represents leading GSM, 3G/WCDMA-HSPA and LTE suppliers, delivering trusted own-researched surveys, reports, facts, stats, objective analysis and information confirming and explaining market developments, trends, evolution and opportunities. Support to network operators includes targeted seminars for information exchange, relationship events, campaigns, case studies, and information papers.
The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) delivers open specifications for creating interoperable services that work across all geographical boundaries, on any bearer network. OMA's specifications support the billions of new and existing fixed and mobile terminals across a variety of networks. Driven by the global demand for mobile data services, the member companies of the Open Mobile Alliance support the adoption of new and enhanced information, communication and entertainment solutions.
The main goal of the reTHINK project is to design and prototype a new, non telecom centric, but Web-centric P2P Service Architecture enabling dynamic trusted relationships among distributed applications called Hyperlinked Entities ("Hyperties") that support use-cases beyond commoditized telephony such as contextual and social communications, M2M/IoT and content oriented services. This project will enable any type of service delivery through specialized end-to-end network quality commitments, powered by specialized P2P and/or Cloud services (delivered as SaaS, PaaS or IaaS).
The SIP Forum is an IP communications industry association that engages in numerous activities that advance and promote SIP technology, such as the development of industry recommendations, the SIPit interoperability and testing events, special interoperability workshops, and general promotion of SIP in the industry. One of the Forum's recent technical activities is the development of the SIPconnect Technical Recommendation – a standards-based recommendation that provides detailed guidelines for direct IP peering and interoperability between IP PBXs and VoIP service provider networks, and the SIPconnect Compliant Certification Program through which eligible companies can gain SIPconnect validation and the right to license the use of the SIP Forum's 'SIPconnect Compliant' certification mark – the official brand of the leading standard for SIP Trunking products and services. Other important Forum initiatives include work in Fax-over-IP interoperability, User Agent Configuration, and the opportunities for SIP in Smart Grid deployments.


Allaah made them belie all the Messengers although there was not any Messenger besides Nooh when they belied him. Accordingly, the Christians who belied Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) and didn't follow him, themselves belied the Messiah bin Maryam and consequently are not his followers, especially when he brought them the good news about Muhammad (sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam). The glad tiding would not mean anything unless He (Muhammad sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) is a Messenger to them wherewith Allaah will save them from going astray and guide them to the Straight Path.
Second: To believe in those of them whose names we know, each according to his name: Example, Muhammad, Ibraaheem, Moosaa, 'Eesaa, and Nooh, the Salaat and Salaam of Allaah be upon them. These five are the 'Ulul 'Azm mina ar-Rasul (The Messengers of strong will and steadfastness).
Third: To believe in what is authentically reported from their news.
First: Acknowledging Allaah's Mercy and concern towards His creation whereby He sent them the Messengers to guide them to His Straight Path and to clearly explain to them how to worship Him, because the human mind is independently unable to realize (how to worship Allaah).
Second: Giving thanks to Allaah (Ta'aalaa) on this great Favour (of sending His Messengers).
Third: Loving, magnifying and praising the Messengers in the manner that befits them since they are Allaah's Messengers and because they worshipped Him, proclaimed His Message, and gave advice to His creation.
 In the hadeeth, the Prophet (sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) describes the distress people will go through on the Day of Resurrection. They will go to Adam then to Nooh, Ibraaheem, 'Eesaa, and then to Moosaa (alayhimus-salaam). They will decline, each according to his own reason. Moosaa (alayhis-salaam) will direct them to go to Muhammad (sal-Allaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) and Allaah will permit him to intercede. See Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree, V.6, Hadeeth no. 236.
 Reported by Bukhaaree and Muslim. See Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree, V.1, Hadeeth no. 394.
 The home in the Hereafter. They used to make the people remember the Daar (home) in the Hereafter. They invited the people to obey Allaah and to do good deeds for the Hereafter.