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Building resistance: the rebel architects
From floating cinemas to 14th-century disaster relief, Daniel Fitzpatrick explores how rebel architects are challenging the capital-intensive architecture of glass and steel
December 1, 2014 · 11 min read
Architects worldwide are building bolder, taller and more expensive structures – making headlines and galvanising the public's imagination. The most prominent are 'starchitects' such as Norman Foster, Renzo Piano and Zaha Hadid. They build iconic, high-tech, capital-intensive structures, mainly lauded for their 'wow factor' and often more monumental than functional. But there are numerous other architects who work in a different way. Some are challenging the way cities get used as sites of capital accumulation. They are transforming the way people build so that cities are more environmentally responsible and socially just.
A new Al Jazeera series Rebel Architecture brings together a range of contemporary practitioners who are also activists, seeking to use architecture to challenge privilege and division in society. The six films in the series explore the work of some of these architects from across the world. They are challenging fundamental assumptions about how we build and live in cities, how we connect to the earth and depend on it. The films explore the work of these activist‑architects and also feature the communities and collectives that are implementing these forms of architecture.
Pedagogy of resistance
Santi Cirugeda, a Seville-based architect, has been supporting and developing the work of architecture collectives throughout Spain for a decade and a half. These have proliferated in the period following the 2008 crisis and austerity that left more than 500,000 new homes empty and at the same time tens of thousands of families affected by foreclosures. As Cirugeda explains, 'In times of crisis, people come together to find collective solutions.' Through his architecture practice Recetas Urbanas (Urban Recipes) he has refined the techniques of occupying empty land and self-building, coming into conflict with the police, press and local authorities, but being admired by activists, community groups and other architecture collectives.
La Floresta school, the work of one of Spain's architecture collectives
Using cheap or recycled materials, and the support of a national network of collectives, Cirugeda has helped take over disused factories to convert them into autonomous social and cultural spaces, used disused land to build a temporary circus, designed impromptu balcony extensions on crowded apartments and helped build new schools in participatory ways. He has always worked in the grey area between the legal and illegal in planning and building controls. His activism challenges the lack of clarity in planning laws and the traditional and anachronistic way that cities are built. When building a new school extension he organised construction workshops for the pupils, so the practice of construction was turned into a pedagogical tool of resistance.
This pedagogy of resistance underpins Kunlé Adeyemi's work in Nigeria. Adeyemi has developed a series of projects with the slum-dweller communities of Lagos and Port Harcourt. These have developed precariously along the cities' waterfronts in conditions of regular flooding and overcrowding, usually on buildings built on stilts and boats – a form of development that Adeyemi describes as 'maximum urbanisation with minimum resources'.
Makoko, in Lagos, is a 120-year-old floating fishing community made up of 250,000 people, most of whom are migrant workers from Togo, Benin and Ghana. The creek alleyways allow people to move around by boat and children attending schools on the water learn in English and French and speak various languages from across West Africa. The Nigerian government wants to destroy the settlement and allow developers access to this prime waterfront location. One of Adeyemi's projects is a floating school – an easy-to-build, low-cost prototype constructed with wooden beams on a platform of barrels. The project has won plaudits from around the world, yet the local and federal governments consider it illegal.
In Chicoco, Port Harcourt, Adeyemi has been working with the local waterfront community to develop a floating cinema with a stage that rises and falls with the tide. In both Port Harcourt and Lagos, he has sought to design a response based on the collective resistance of communities to their forced evictions by municipal and federal authorities and their demands to be recognised by the government. Makoko already experienced a violent eviction in 2012, which left thousands of people homeless. The situation is similar in Chicoco, where a masterplan for the waterfront does not recognise or provide for the current inhabitants. In contrast, Adeyemi's projects are designed for the communities who live in these settlements and want to work towards their own development solutions, not eviction.
The architect as activist
In Pakistan, the eminent architect Yasmeen Lari, who once built glass-encased skyscrapers, is now concerned with disaster relief. She has established the Heritage Foundation, focusing on areas such as Baluchistan, hit by heavy earthquakes in 2009, and the Sindh, which was ravaged by floods in 2010 and again in 2013. Lari has applied the mud-lime mortar techniques used in the construction of the 14th‑century monumental city of Makli to rebuild villages in disaster-affected areas. Rejecting the western and capitalist models of steel and concrete, she has devised flood-tolerant structures on bamboo stilts, some 36,000 of which have now been built across the Sindh.
In addition to the use of vernacular techniques and local materials, Lari has also been training architects together with local people, who are then able to share their new practical skills with others. At Moak Sharif, where the Heritage Foundation has been based since 2005, Lari and her team are able to experiment not only in designing buildings but in developing new structures of support, working on organic farming projects and biofertilisers, integrating the knowledge of building with a wider understanding of collective action.
Ricardo de Oliveira is a pedreiro, or mason, and also a favela architect. He lives in one of the biggest favelas ('slum' areas, often squatted) of South America, Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro, and has built more than 100 houses in his community. But his vision goes beyond just buildings. His son has been ill due to the drains that run next to his house, the main source of illness in the favela, and de Oliveira has devised ways of tackling the inadequate sewage system by introducing a series of subsidiary pipes to relieve the main drain. He is convinced that ideas to change the way the neighbourhood works cannot just be imposed from above – as was the case with a cable car that the government prioritised rather than improving the sewage system or health facilities.
This view is echoed by Luis Carlos Toledo, one of the longest serving planners in the favela. Toledo developed a masterplan for the regeneration of Rocinha. His main idea was to introduce areas of open space around the favela's four main roads, which have now become important public spaces allowing the favela to breathe. Through his time in Rocinha, Toledo has become aware that is not necessarily grand plans imposed from above that determine how people live. Instead, solutions have to evolve and the inhabitants' own priorities must be voiced and acted upon.
A low cost house in Vietnam, by architect Vo Trong Nghia
A similar problem is found in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where only 2.5 per cent of the urban space is considered green and 90 per cent of children under five suffer from respiratory illnesses. The architect Vo Trong Nghia sees redesigning the city as both an aesthetic challenge – he says 'the Vietnamese city has lost its tropical beauty' – and a matter of justice. His vision is one of a greener city, with tree-lined avenues, grass roofs, vertical gardens and the use of natural ventilation systems.
The Wind and Water Bar in Vietnam – a music venue in the middle of a lake
But his proposals for building greener, healthier neighbourhoods are met with the scepticism of the developer. The authorities are intent on creating profitable, nondescript mass housing. Nghia, however, is able to prototype much cheaper housing solutions, which he trials in areas where marginalised rural pineapple farmers live on the edges of the city. Using simple concrete frame structures and local materials such as matting and bamboo for walls and roofs, he is able to develop a green architecture that helps people live harmoniously with nature. Nghia claims that 'for a modern architect, the most important mission is to bring green spaces back to the earth'.
The last film in the series demonstrates, in the starkest terms, the architect as activist, not just a builder or designer. The Israeli architect-activist and academic Eyal Weizman has been developing a forensic form of architecture through the analysis of the way in which architecture is used to control the territory. He has been chronicling the forms of architecture used in Palestine and Israel that have effectively carved up the landscape, colonised the territory and controlled the land. His forensic work is a political tool to analyse the architecture of occupation, ultimately an architecture of violence, as it divides people through the building of settlements.
Weizman claims these settlements act as 'suburban-scale optical devices', or panopticons, located on the tops of hills surveying the surrounding valleys inhabited by Arabs. In addition, the walls, fences, checkpoints, communication infrastructure, roads, tunnels and viaducts are all dividing and reconfiguring the ways the land is inhabited and used. The role of the architect, according to Weizman, is 'not only to build and contribute to the destruction of this place, but a way to interpret, protest and resist'.
An architecture of solidarity
It is through these practices of resistance that we can understand the rebel architect – the activist who is not only developing new ways of building, but using architecture as a tool for analysis and imagining new possibilities. A rebel architecture is critical, but it is also an architecture of solidarity and collective action. It emerges from the effort to overcome injustice, both social and environmental. All of these architects worked with the local environment and materials, in the process rediscovering traditional techniques and building knowledge.
La Carpa (the big top) is an arts space built on disused land
The Rebel Architecture series is in many ways a homage to the renegade architect Mike Reynolds, who invented the 'Earthship' style of building – a type of solar house that is made of both natural and recycled materials. Reynolds' battle with the planning authorities of New Mexico to get his plan for an Earthship community accepted was chronicled in the 2007 film Garbage Warrior. It is a battle that is replayed with different authorities in the Rebel Architecture films. These, after all, are not just stories about using shipping containers to house refugees, or a humanitarian architecture that goes into a country and builds at market rate paid for by UN agencies. They are about alternative organisations finding new ways of working and addressing the increasing problems of a rapidly urbanised world.
These architects are working in and with communities; they use architecture to challenge the status quo. All of them are concerned with new forms of teaching. Yasmeen Lari explains how this undoes many of the assumptions informing modern architects. 'When we are trained as architects we are taught that architecture is like God because you create things and the ego is inflated,' she says.Rebel architecture, by contrast, is about empowering others. Lari's Heritage Foundation brings young Pakistani architects into the field to carry out practical work, which many have never done before. These young architects involve villagers who are then able to teach other villagers. In other cases, such as in Spain, education is carried out through the architecture collectives, who share knowledge and materials, collaborating with each other whenever they can.
These practices transform the imagination of communities. Instead of being imposed upon or dictated to, they are able to explore and propose new solutions. The Spanish architect Cirugeda puts it succinctly: 'What we're doing here is not a quick-fix for the crisis – this is coming up with a new way of doing things.'
Daniel Fitzpatrick is researching collective models of housing at UCL and runs a small architecture practice


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Parenting for Lifelong Health Digital (PLH Digital)
Funded by: UKRI GCRF Accelerating Achievement for Africa's Adolescents Hub (Grant Ref: ES/S008101/1); GCRF OUI Sustainable Impact Fund.
Start date: 2019
The Parenting for Lifelong Health Digital (PLH Digital) project aims to convert the evidence-based, in-person version of Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens (PLH for Teens) into a digital format. The PLH for Teens programme aims to foster better relationships between parents and their children by improving positive parenting skills, improving child behaviour, building social support for parents, strengthening financial coping and reducing parenting stress. After showing positive results in a cluster randomised trial conducted in South Africa with UNICEF and WHO from 2015-18, the programme has been translated into 16 languages and delivered by NGOs and governments to 180,000 families across 18 low-resource countries. Despite this rapid scale-up, the programme only reaches a fraction of those in need as they are currently delivered through in-person training. PLH Digital therefore aims to scale up the reach and impact of PLH for Teens by developing an app-based version of the programme.
The iterative development of a basic version of the app will be carried out with families in Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya, and with parenting trainers at the NGO, Clowns Without Borders South Africa. The app will be tested in a pan-African randomised controlled trial to determine its efficacy.
This project is a collaborative effort between the Universities of Oxford and Cape Town, UNICEF HQ, UNICEF Internet of Good Things (IOGT), UNICEF Innocenti, WHO, Clowns Without Borders South Africa, Innovation in Development, Education and the Mathematical Sciences (IDEMS), and the African Maths Initiative (AMI), Kenya.
DSPI Researchers and Key Staff
Professor Lucie Cluver
Professor of Child and Family Social Work
Dr Ohad Green
Postdoctoral Research Officer
Dr Isang Awah
Dr Jamie M. Lachman
Junior Research Fellow, Wolfson College
Dr Inge Wessels
Senior Research Project Manager

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Taiwan crisis: A showcase of the global arsenic problem
J. S. Jean, J. Bundschuh, C. J. Chen, H. R. Guo, C. W. Liu, T. F. Lin, Y. H. Chen
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
In the 1950s, the residents of the southwestern coastal areas of Taiwan suffered greatly from Blackfoot disease (BFD) due to the consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. Groundwater with high levels of arsenic in southwestern and northeastern Taiwan received much attention. After arsenic-safe tap water was utilized for drinking instead of groundwater in the 1970s, BFD cases decreased greatly. After 1990, no new BFD cases were reported, and as a consequence, BFD problems disregarded. However, arsenic is still present in the groundwater.This book will improve the knowledge and understanding of the occurrence and genesis of arsenic-rich groundwaters in Taiwan. It deals with constraints on the mobility of arsenic in groundwater, its uptake from soil and water by plants, arsenic-propagation through the food chain, human health impacts, and arsenic-removal technologies. Taiwan case experiences are described in this book and can be applied worldwide. This book is a state-of-the-art overview of research on arsenic in Taiwan and is designed to: • create interest in regions within Taiwan that are affected by the presence of arseniferous aquifers; • draw attention from the international scientific community; • increase awareness among researchers, administrators, policy makers, and company executives; • improve the international cooperation on arsenic problems worldwide.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b10535
health impact
Jean, J. S., Bundschuh, J., Chen, C. J., Guo, H. R., Liu, C. W., Lin, T. F., & Chen, Y. H. (2010). The Taiwan crisis: A showcase of the global arsenic problem. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10535
Jean, J. S. ; Bundschuh, J. ; Chen, C. J. ; Guo, H. R. ; Liu, C. W. ; Lin, T. F. ; Chen, Y. H. / The Taiwan crisis : A showcase of the global arsenic problem. CRC Press, 2010. 204 p.
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SAVE THE DATE!! On September 21, 2019, Stuhr Museum Foundation, with help from regional growers and food producers, will bring the flavors of central Nebraska to Stuhr Museum! This homegrown event will showcase local talents and delicious food, with handmade goods for sale, all on the beautiful east portico of the Stuhr Building. Come celebrate the harvest and support Stuhr Museum!
Check back here later this spring for more information on sponsorships and ticket purchasing information!


The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropuncatus) was introduced to Haiti in the late 19th and early 2Qth centuries (Barun, Hanson, Campbell, & Simberloff, 2011) and quickly became an invasive species that have destroyed the natural ecosystem on this island. Recently there has been speculation that the mongoose is a vector in the rabies endemic within Haiti but no official data had been collected to verify this information. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) decided to collect data by trapping mongoose, drawing blood and testing the blood for rabies antibodies. In order to figure out the most effective bait for capturing mongoose, three different baits were tested; dog food, peanut butter, and fish. However, no mongoose were caught at the first site after three days, the bait and traps were moved to a new location. At the new location, the peanut butter was replaced with fresh coconut. While no mongooses were caught at either site, the general knowledge gained from this study can inform future work with this species.


Nowadays, we hear the word "free" and we all jump. Well art-enthusiasts rejoice because this summer the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art is offering free art programs Thursday nights, which include sketching in the galleries, humor-writing workshops, photographer and new-media artist presentations and curator/art expert gallery discussions. So this summer when your schedule is a bit more open, add a little art to your life and never even open up your wallet.
The free art programs start at 6:30 p.m. every Thursday starting this week and run through July. Walk-ins are welcome, or you can reserve a spot. **Admission to SMoCA is always free on Thursdays, however the nightly programs will only run through July.
In response to SMoCA's Seriously Funny exhibition, guests can meet the writing instructors, enjoy a tour of the exhibitions with co-curators Cassandra Coblentz & Claire Schneider and begin writing response pieces to the art. The program is taught by Deborah Sussman-Susser (Jewish News of Greater Phoenix) and Amy Silverman (Phoenix New Times).
Return to the Seriously Funny exhibition to continue working with writers Deborah Sussman-Susser and Amy Silverman to complete a two-page writing piece in response to the humorous exhibition.
Museum visitors will explore works of art in Seriously Funny through directed activities. Bring a sketch pad and pencil.
About SMoCA: Founded in 1999, the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art [SMoCA] is the only museum in Arizona devoted to modern art, architecture and design. It was designed by award-winning architect Will Bruders. SMoCA's minimalist building (an ingenious renovation of a former movie theater) has five galleries for showcasing changing exhibitions and works from the Museum's growing permanent collection. SMoCA also features an outdoor sculpture garden housing James Turrell's Knight Rise, one of the renowned artist's few public skyspaces, and Scrim Wall, a monumental curtain of prismatic glass by James Carpenter Design Associates. The Museum presents a wide variety of educational programs and special events for adults and families, including lectures, docent-led tours, workshops and classes. The Store @ SMoCA offers classic design objects and furnishings, contemporary jewelry, art and architecture books and imaginative gifts for all occasions.
The museum's summer hours are 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesdays, 10 a.m.-8 p.m. Thursdays, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays, and noon-5 p.m. Sundays.
Those creative writing workshops would be fun!!
What a fun thing to do on the weekends!
SMoCA is ALWAYS free on Thursdays – all day long (10am – 8pm). The Museum just also happens to be providing special free events, lectures, writing workshops, etc on Thursdays at 6:30 p.m. through June & July.
SMoCA's regular admission on days other than Free Thursdays (Wed, Fri, Sat + Sun in the summer) is $7 for adults and $5 for students with I.D.
What a fun way to let you imagination run wild. I always liked creative writing.
Sketching in the galleries sounds fun!


Jaguar will reveal the F-Type Coupe at 3am GMT on 20 November 2013 at a secret location in Los Angeles.
We've been talking about the Jaguar F-Type Coupe ever since the F-Type was launched as a convertible and now the date for its reveal is set.
When I visited the Jaguar factory back in Castle Bromwich back in March to see the F-Type being made I asked about an F-Type coupe. "Let's get the convertible out of the way first," was the answer.
Well, now the convertible is out of the way. It's launched, the order books are full and Castle Bromwich is working at full steam. The time is now for the Coupe and judging by this photo, and the spy shots below, it looks fantastic.
"The excitement generated when we revealed the C-X16 concept was terrific; so to now be on the cusp of what I can assure you will be a drama-filled reveal event in Los Angeles for F-TYPE Coupé is a very significant moment.
Stay tuned. Speedmonkey will bring you a full set of photos as soon as they are available.


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text:
PM Arrives For G20 Summit, Against Protectionist Sentiments
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh arrived for the G20 summit cautioning against protectionism while declaring it was in India's interest to have an "open, stable and rule-based" international economic environment including in trade and investment flows. "Given the vast development challenges we face it is in India's interest to have an open, stable and rule-based international economic environment, whether in the field of trade, investment flows, technology transfers or open markets," Singh said on the eve of the fifth Summit of 20 advanced and emerging economies(G20) in the South Korean Capital.
Singh's comments came as the G20 countries worked to rebalance the lopsided global economy and resolve fractious currency disputes marked by a war of words. The summit's theme of the Seoul summit is 'Shared Growth beyond the Crisis'
The summit which will be also attended by US President Barack Obama is also expected to see heated debate on the issue of regulatory reforms of the financial sector. "This is a key area of work, and we must guard against complacency in the pursuit of a strong financial regulatory framework and effective supervision," Singh said. Singh's delegation for the two-day summit included Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao and Finance secretary Ashok Chawla. "We have to be particularly wary of protectionist sentiments. There are also developmental imbalances within and between countries, and rebalancing of the world economy is a major challenge. The success of the Mutual Assessment Process is important in this regard." Singh said in a statement.
"India will actively participate in this process to strike the right balance between ensuring its credibility as well as the national interests of countries," he said. The Prime Minister said the Seoul Summit will focus on the G20 framework for strong sustainable and balanced growth, including an ambitious outcome in the form of the Seoul Action Plan.
"We will work with the others towards this end, and also encourage the G20 to focus on the development agenda which is being introduced for the first time in Seoul. We must also give though to how we can leverage global imbalances to bridge the infrastructure gap between rich and poor nations," Singh said. In the financial sector, the Prime Minister said, the Summit should build on the process of IMF reform on which good progress was made last month at the G20 Finance Ministers meeting with an agreement on shifts in quota shares, including in favour of India, while protecting the vote share of the poorest.
He said the Summit will also look at issues of regulatory reforms of the financial sector and consider the new Basel-III norms. "This is a key area of work, and we must guard against complacency in the pursuit of a strong financial regulatory framework and effective supervision," he added. Singh said the world economy was on the path of recovery but nations should keep their focus on how to optimise global outcomes in an increasingly interdependent world. "As the Indian economy moves to a higher growth path, and opens to the world, our stake in a stable, inclusive and representative global economic and financial system will only grow," he said.
Noting that this is the second G20 Summit this year, the Prime Minister said this reflected the high expectations the world has from the G20 in moving beyond the immediate crisis that the world faced in 2008 to ensuring a sustained and balanced economic recovery in the long term. The Seoul Summit is the first G20 Summit outside a G-8 country and the first in Asia.On the margins of the Summit, Singh will have bilateral meetings with British Prime Minister David Cameron and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper among others.
Source: http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/article878319.ece
Posted in G20
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'We Share The Anguish Of Kashmiris' »


He said 69 of the defendants were given life sentences, while 39 others received 10 years in jail each. The citizenship of all but one of them was also revoked.
All the defendants were convicted of trumped-up terror-related charges, and found guilty of forming of a "terror" cell called "Bahraini Hezbollah Brigades" with alleged links to Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC).
Since 2011, when a popular uprising began against Al Khalifah, the kingdom — which hosts the US Navy's Fifth Fleet — has prosecuted hundreds of protesters in mass trials and banned main opposition groups as a part of a heavy-handed crackdown campaign aimed at stifling opposition voices.
Unlike other states, Bahrain – along with Israel and Saudi Arabia — welcomed the blacklisting in a statement, which was censured by Iran.


Getting a pet is a big decision and it's one you shouldn't rush into. The number of dogs looking for rehoming is testament to the fact that not everyone gives it enough thought.
Some of the benefits are obvious. Dogs add another layer of cosiness and cuddles to a family's life as well as providing everyone with a great reason to get out of the house and enjoy lots of fresh air.
But you also have to consider how having a dog will fit into your family's routine. Many of us lead really busy lives – will adding a dog into the mix be manageable? Beyond the practicalities, you also have to bear in mind the costs associated with owning a dog.
Research on pet ownership from Voucherbox revealed that the average costs of owning a dog over its lifetime come to around £15,000. That includes the cost of the puppy, along with year-on-year costs of feeding and caring for them, as well as paying pet insurance. Whatever way you look at it, it's a significant investment. However, it's one that many of us are willing to do – because we know what joy a dog will bring to family life. Even though dogs ranked as the second most expensive pet in the Voucherbox research, it didn't affect their popularity. In the UK, 51% of households have a pet, and a quarter of those have a dog.
So, beyond the obvious upsides of having a dog, what are the hidden benefits of dog ownership?
The simple presence of a dog in the house can lower family stress levels. For instance, if one of the kids has had a bad day – maybe they've argued with their best friend or been told off by the teacher – all worries are forgotten when the dog bounds over to them. Dogs are perceptive too – they know when kids will be in the mood to stroke and cuddle them rather than ready for a bit of a playfighting.
Studies have shown that our oxytocin levels increase when we spend time with our pets, and this is a hormone that adds to the sense of security and wellbeing in our lives. It's the same hormone that encourages a mother-baby bond, so it must be doing us some good.
You already know about responsibility – you're a parent! But even though they may not even be aware of it, having a dog in the family will teach children a lot about being responsible and caring for others. It's not just the obvious things like feeding and grooming the dog, and scooping their poop when out on a walk. There are also more subtle aspects of responsibility; like understanding why a trip to the beach has to be cut short because you need to get home to let the dog out.
If you're a house-proud mum, you might be thinking you don't want a dog because of the extra cleaning they'll bring to your life. However, having those dog hairs around can actually have an upside. Growing up with a pet dog can actually reduce kids' likelihood of developing asthma as they'll build up a certain level of tolerance to any allergens that dogs produce. Pets also come with a whole mix of their own germs that won't do us, humans, any harm, but can still help improve the strength of our immune systems.
Of course, there are some downsides to owning a dog, not least the expense involved and the limits they impose on your time. You always need to think about what to do with them – whether you're out for the day or going away on holiday – and they can't always come with you. But ask any dog owner if it's a good idea to get one, and the likelihood is that every one of them will list the benefits before they think about the downsides.


As a result of the uprising against Dan-Lawan Ahmadu the Colonial Administration reduced the status of Dutse to a mere Village Head as a punitive measure to punish the members of Dutse ruling families.
Bello, was appointed Sarkin Dutse with limited jurisdiction and placed under a new District Head [Dan-Lawan Umaru yola] by the new emir of Kano [Usman dan Abdullahi] barely one month after his coronation.
The appointment of Dan-lawan Umaru Yola did not solve the political situation in Dutse, as Dutse ruling houses view this as an effort to bring Dutse under total control of Kano.
Several pressure groups emerged against the imposition of an alien to rule Dutse. The struggle became so intense that Dan- Lawan Umaru became ineffective in the collection of taxes, his primary responsibility.
The Colonial Administration had always believed that Dutse District is too large to be administered under one District administrator and therefore transferred Dan- Lawan to Kiyawa, while Bello remained in Dutse and was partially recognized as a District Head in compensation to Dutse ruling houses for the lost of their authority until his death in 1923.


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Пахлаван Махмуд (, , , 1247—1326, Хива) —  персидский поэт из Хорезма, просветитель, философ и суфий. Национальный герой (богатырь) хорезмийцев и персов. В Иране более известен как Пурья-йе Вали, это прозвище было дано Пехлевану Махмуду в Хорезме. Его могила находится либо в Хое (Иран), либо в Хиве (Узбекистан). В 2008 году в Иране вышел мультсериал про учеников Пахлавана Махмуда под названием «Герои» (перс. Pahlevānān, англ. The Heroes).

Биография
Родился в 1247 году. Был сыном скорняка. По преданию, это произошло при въезде в Хивы, в телеге отца — переселенца из Гурганджа, старой столице Хорезма. Махмуд унаследовал от отца мастерскую. Но это было не основным его занятием: он был пахлаваном ( — богатырь) — борцом, который выступал на соревнованиях. Поэтому часто известный как Пахлаван Махмуд. Он часто ездил разные государства (прежде всего на территориях современных Узбекистана, Туркменистана, Ирана, Афганистана, Пакистана и Индии), где принимал участие в соревнованиях, что приносило средства к существованию и славу непобедимого борца.

Когда в 1325 или 1326 году Махмуд умер, его похоронили во дворе его мастерской. Это место быстро превратилось в поклонение. В 1701 году здесь сооружена небольшая усыпальница. В 1810 году состоялось перестроение на величественный мавзолей. В 1913 году состоялись последние достройки к нему. Мусульманское духовенство объявила Махмуда святым, в Хиве он долгое время считался пиром, то есть святым покровителем города. Со временем его мавзолей превратился в место захоронения хивинских ханов.

После его смерти хивинцы именем Махмуда назвали канал, орошающий хивинский оазис — канал Палван-яб. Его именем назвали городские ворота: Палван-дарваза. Туркмены-иомуды, что кочевали по соседству с Хивой, литературный псевдоним Пахлаван Махмуда — Перья-вали, сделали своим военным кличем: пугая врагов этим именем, они бросались в битву.

Творчество
В его активе есть несколько масневи, кита, газелей и около 100 рубаи (по другим версиям их 300), которые делятся на 2 дивана (сборника), которые отличались совершенством формы и глубиной содержания.

Философские стихи воспроизведена на стенах мавзолея, где похоронен Махмуда. Первым из европейцев, кто установил прямую связь между Пахлаваном Махмудом и автором написанных над куполом мавзолея рубаи, был венгерский востоковед и путешественник Арминий Вамбери, который посетил Хиву во второй половине XIX века под видом странствующего дервиша. На данный момент кроме этих стихов ничего от творчества Махмуда не сохранилось. Также не сохранилась музыка, которую сочинял Махмуд, осталось лишь упоминание, что он был музыкантом.

Творчество Пахлавана Махмуда сыграло особую роль в формировании и развитии таджикской поэзии следующей эпохи.

Философия
В своих философских размышлениях Пахлаван Махмуд разрабатывал понятие нравственности, мужества, доблести. Он был одним из столпов суфийского течения «Жавонмардлик» («Отвага молодости»), основные принципы которого — щедрость души, милосердие, благородство, скромность и покорность Создателю.

Примечания

Литература
 Ənuşə, Həsən. Fars Ədəbiyyatı Ensiklopediyası: Mərkəzi Asiyada Fars Ədəbiyyatı. İlk çap.Tehran: Mədəniyyət və İslami Hidayət Nazirliyinin Nəşriyyat
 Təşkilatı. 2001 (1380). ISBN 964-422-417-5

Похороненные в Хиве
Персоналии:Хорезм
Родившиеся в Хорезме

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Earlier that day the students had defended their theses and successfully passed oral exams before a board consisting of His Eminence Archbishop Peter of Chicago & Mid-America (President of the School), Archpriest Andre Papkov (Vice President of the School), Archpriest Martin Swanson (Dean Emeritus of the School) and Archpriest Gregory Joyce (Dean of the School).
This year the Pastoral School had 104 students participating in its distance learning format courses. The distance learning format allows students and instructors to participate in regular and lively classroom discussions on-line. Many public and private universities use this format which engages the students in almost constant interaction and learning. Distance learning provides the student with a full complement of resources which are available at any time and at any place. For more information on the Pastoral School please visit the school's web site.
The application period for the fall semester is now open. Students must apply not later than September 1 to be considered for admission. Please note that Pastoral Theology majors' wives may register at a discounted rate for the Orthodox Studies major. Students may wish to apply before the September 1 deadline so that they can take advantage of the need-based scholarships available to incoming students (applications for scholarship are due August 15).
More information on admissions may be found HERE.
More information on scholarships may be found HERE.


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Police Investigating Officer who Allegedly Discouraged Woman who was Sexually Attacked from Lodging Report
The Singapore Police Force has launched investigations into one of its female officers over her alleged comments when attending to a case of molest.
This comes after a Ms Amanda Lai shared a lengthy post on Facebook describing how her colleague was molested during a company Chinese New Year dinner on 8 Feb.
She said that 2 of her colleagues were stopped by two men when they were returning to the restaurant after using the restroom.
One of the men reportedly began harassing her colleague, T, by allegedly asking her to take off her shirt to show him her breasts.
When T refused, the man apparently lifted her off the floor and molested her, stopping only when another colleague started screaming.
Lai said that when her colleague went to file a police report, she had to "endure an unpleasant interview by the police officer, who prefixed the interview by saying, 'Are you sure you want to do this? If this goes to court, you'll need to testify….' and then concluding with, 'Are you sure they weren't just trying to be friendly? You know, ang moh culture is different from ours…'"
Lai said she was "disappointed" that the police didn't take her colleague's complaint seriously.
Following the post, many members of the public stepped forward and shared their experiences where police officers allegedly tried to push away cases.
Police have since arrested a man in connection with the alleged molest.
Related Items:crime, police, sex, singapore
Public Attack Singapore Police Force Officers for Allegedly Trying to "Push" Cases
Milk Formula Prices Spike by 120 Percent in 10 Years, Twice the Rate of Salary Growth


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You are at:Home»News»Music»Maxwell Davies' final work is an opera for kids
Maxwell Davies' final work is an opera for kids
By Andrew Anderson on	 June 6, 2016 &nbspAnalysis	Music, News
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies' final completed composition will receive its world premiere in London later this month. The Hogboon is an opera for children, based on a Scottish folk tale taken from Maxwell's home in Orkney. The premiere takes place at Barbican Centre on 26 June, three months after he died following a battle with cancer.
'I am so pleased to have finished the children's opera,' said Davies in an interview given a few months before his death. 'I handed in the 98 pages to the publishers…it was a great relief and quite a moment.'
The Hogboon tells the story of Magnus, the seventh son of a seventh son who is taunted by his older brothers. But when a sea monster threatens to destroy his village Magnus comes to the rescue with the help of his spirit friend The Hogboon.
'It looks like an instant classic on the page,' said Sir Simon Rattle. 'He was certainly very proud of it, and was impatient to hear it.' The conductor also described Maxwell Davies as 'a man who embodied music, and who wanted it to be part of everybody's life, from the youngest to the oldest.'
The production brings together professional musicians of London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) and young people from LSO Discovery children's choirs, London Symphony Chorus, and students from Guildhall School. Rattle will conduct the concert, which also includes Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique.
barbican.org.uk


text:
package org.apache.toree.utils

import java.io.OutputStream

case class MultiOutputStream(val outputStreams: List[OutputStream])
  extends OutputStream
{
  require(outputStreams != null)

  override def write(cbuf: Array[Byte]): Unit =
    outputStreams.foreach(outputStream => outputStream.write(cbuf))

  override def write(cbuf: Array[Byte], off: Int, len: Int): Unit =
    outputStreams.foreach(outputStream => outputStream.write(cbuf, off, len))

  override def write(b: Int): Unit =
    outputStreams.foreach(outputStream => outputStream.write(b))

  override def flush() =
    outputStreams.foreach(outputStream => outputStream.flush())

  override def close() =
    outputStreams.foreach(outputStream => outputStream.close())
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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SPCs for biologics
Guidance on product definitions, scope and validity from the EFTA Court in Pharmaq v Intervet (E-16-14).
The EFTA Court has provided some much needed guidance regarding the scope and validity of SPCs for biologics, but the language used may concern innovators. It remains to be seen whether the CJEU will agree with the EFTA Court's approach.
The SPC Regulation (469/2009/EC) has been the subject of extensive analysis and numerous referrals to the CJEU. However, there is still relatively little guidance regarding what is the scope of protection provided by an SPC and what is the significance of the definition of the "product" in the SPC in relation to its scope and validity. Uncertainty regarding the range of products that may be covered by an SPC and the optimum product definition in an SPC application is particularly acute for biologics. With the increasing number of biologics coming off patent and facing biosimilar competition, these issues are of great interest to the biopharmaceutical industry. The recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association States (EFTA Court) in Pharmaq AS v Intervet International BV (E-16/14) provides important guidance for the EFTA states and perhaps some clues about how the CJEU will address these issues when it is asked to consider them, as it inevitably will.
The EFTA Court fulfils a role similar to the CJEU for Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. These states are not members of the EU, but they are members of the EEA, and the EEA agreement incorporates the SPC Regulation. Judgments of the EFTA Court are not binding on the CJEU or courts in non-EFTA states, but in the absence of guidance from the CJEU on the particular issues considered by the EFTA Court in this case, its judgment may turn out to be persuasive in these states. Notably, the European Commission has taken the time to make submissions in this case, which emphasises its potential significance across Europe.
Pharmaq AS and Intervet International BV had developed vaccines against viral pancreatic disease in salmon using different inactivated virus strains. Pharmaq sought a declaration before the Oslo District Court that a Norwegian SPC held by Intervet does not cover the virus strain in the Pharmaq vaccine, or that the SPC is invalid. The SPC in question is based on a marketing authorisation for the specific strain used by Intervet, but the SPC was granted with a broader product definition that encompasses the Pharmaq strain. The Oslo District Court asked the EFTA Court to consider whether the scope of protection for an SPC can cover not only the specific strain included in the relevant medicinal product, but also other strains covered by the basic patent and the SPC product definition, and whether an SPC is valid if it is granted with a product definition that is not limited to the authorised strain.
The EFTA Court was also asked to consider the validity of the SPC in light of earlier marketing of the Intervet vaccine under special approval exemptions, prior to the full marketing authorisation used for the SPC application. The exemptions are used in rare circumstances to allow provisional supply of products in the event of serious diseases and this aspect of the judgment is not discussed here.
The questions addressed by the EFTA Court are significant because practice regarding how a product should be defined in an SPC application and the resulting scope of a granted SPC is not settled. Article 4 of the SPC Regulation states that "the protection conferred by a certificate shall extend only to the product covered by the authorisation to place the corresponding medicinal product on the market", but as in the present case, many SPCs are granted with product definitions that encompass other products in addition to the authorised product. Also, the scope of protection provided by SPCs, in particular in relation to biologics, has not been clearly defined in the case law. Currently, the entry of biosimilars to the market generally respects innovators' SPCs covering reference products, but it has not been confirmed that an SPC for a reference product will necessarily always cover a biosimilar. The CJEU held a number of years ago in Farmitalia (C-392/97) that an SPC "is capable of covering the product, as a medicinal product, in any of the forms enjoying the protection of the basic patent", which suggests that a broad interpretation of Article 4 is appropriate. However, Farmitalia related to a small chemical entity and there is doubt whether the reasoning in Farmitalia can be transposed to complex biologics.
Judgment and comment
In its judgment, the EFTA Court apparently approves the reasoning in Farmitalia as relevant to complex biologic products, such as the vaccine compositions at issue, and the Court repeats the observation in Farmitalia that an excessively narrow interpretation of Article 4 would allow medicinal products that are "therapeutically equivalent" to the product protected by the SPC to enter the market. The Court felt this approach would frustrate the purpose of the SPC Regulation (paragraph 86 of the judgment).
These comments should be reassuring for biologics innovators because they suggest that biosimilars, which generally must be "therapeutically equivalent" to a reference product, will be covered by an SPC.
However, the Court then turns to Article 4 itself and provides a final answer to the questions using more narrow language: "the scope of protection conferred by a supplementary protection certificate extends to a specific strain of a virus covered by the basic patent, but not referred to in the marketing authorisation … only if the specific strain constitutes the same active ingredient as the authorised medicinal product and has therapeutic effects falling within the therapeutic indications for which the marketing authorisation was granted" (answer 2 of the judgment). This answer appears to suggest that the Court considered an SPC to cover products not referred to in the marketing authorisation only if the products constitute the same active ingredient, without any reference to products that are "therapeutically equivalent". It is unclear what variation or modification might cause a biologic to no longer be considered "the same active ingredient". Nevertheless, despite the relatively narrow language used, it appears that the Court intended to imply that useful scope around the authorised product should be acknowledged, because the Court asserted that "It is not relevant whether a medicinal product based on such other strain would require a separate marketing authorisation". This is significant, because it suggests that follow-on products cannot be distanced from an SPC by obtaining a new marketing authorisation, which was a suggestion made by Pharmaq and the EFTA Surveillance Authority.
The part of the judgment referring to "the same active ingredient" appears to be based on submissions made by the European Commission. However, the European Commission additionally submitted that if an allegedly infringing strain is marketable under the marketing authorisation for the SPC and is a therapeutic equivalent of the authorised product, then the allegedly infringing strain is clearly covered for the purposes of Article 4 (paragraph 78 of the judgment). This aspect of the European Commission's submissions does not appear to have been followed by the Court, but the European Commission's submissions will nevertheless be of interest, especially outside of the EFTA states.
The Court also uses strong language in its comments regarding the validity of SPCs granted with product definitions that are broader than the marketing authorisation. The Court concludes that: "A supplementary protection certificate is invalid to the extent it is granted a wider scope than that set out in the relevant marketing authorisation." Taken out of context, this conclusion will be a concern to many SPC proprietors who might have been granted SPCs with apparently broad product definitions. However, this aspect of the judgment does not include detailed reasoning and it may not have been the Court's intention to suggest that SPCs with broad product definitions are invalid or partially invalid, rather than merely partially unenforceable. Indeed, the Court's comment regarding SPC validity is possibly inconsistent with its comments regarding SPC scope. The Court did not indicate that the product definition used for an SPC is relevant when interpreting its scope, and so perhaps an overly-broad product definition cannot render an SPC invalid. If the Court's comment is read as indicating that an SPC is unenforceable beyond the active ingredient set out in the marketing authorisation, this is more consistent with the Court's other findings.
The Court's judgment is, of course, focussed on the issues as they relate to the specific inactivated virus vaccine products that were under dispute, and the Court's reasoning is not detailed enough to indicate how broadly the statements should be applied. It is also difficult to predict to what extent the Court's position will be followed by other courts. Nevertheless, the judgment is an important addition to SPC jurisprudence, especially in the current absence of guidance from the CJEU on these points.
Camilla Balleny


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"What equipment should I get?
The equipment we sell comes from companies we believe in. We use and sell Acaia scales, XF brewers and kettles, Chemexes, and Baratza grinders. If you are considering a new kettle or brewer, ask us about why we love the gear we use.
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This webinar will emphasize the reporting of lending activities in various Call Report schedules, focusing on technical compliance with complex regulatory reporting instructions and the implementation of recent changes to reporting loan information in the Call Report. We will also identify and discuss common reporting errors to consider as you prepare your call report filing.


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The storyline of LOVE's latest Advent Calendar video, starring Hailey Baldwin, is not exactly clear. What is clear, however, is that Baldwin is in a room at what appears to be The Standard High Line in New York City, she's wearing a bathing suit, and she's practicing her flash photography. Blink and you'll miss the brilliant use of indoor lighting, spliced between clips of Baldwin rolling around the swanky room with NYC views.
Or, just mindlessly enjoy the video with five days left of LOVE's annual gift to the Internet.


Not An Indie Game But..
For this post, I am submitting a link to a video that analyzes game level design in Super Mario Bros. from Design Club. I am in the class now and think this video really starts a topic I would like to discuss further-Good Level Design we can look to in games. I never really thought about Mario this in-depth but now that I see this it makes sense.
One of the key elements in Critical Analysis I have heard is that everything in a level should have a design intent behind it, and a purpose for the player. It is something we do not always consider, but when designing think about those times when you have played a game and run into a hallway and searched everywhere only to find that you made your way up to that area and worked hard for nothing. There was nothing in the room or hallway, and you said "Why did they place this stupid hallway here for?"
We have all said that once or twice. Even if something is placed for artistic and graphic purposes these are usually not pathways that players will be striving to look for items or secrets in.
I will look for other examples of games that have good design elements from Indie studios that can help those with questions on Good Design. If you guys know image or video examples of games you feel represent great design follow up on this topic.
Wow, really cool video on how much work really went in just the first couple of seconds of Super Mario's game play. Thanks for sharing.


This edition is written in English However, there is a running Japanese thesaurus at the bottom of each page for the difficult English words highlighted in the text There are many editions of Poems of Emily Dickinson, Series 1 This edition would be useful if you would like to enrich your Japanese English vocabulary, whether for self improvement or for preparation iThis edition is written in English However, there is a running Japanese thesaurus at the bottom of each page for the difficult English words highlighted in the text There are many editions of Poems of Emily Dickinson, Series 1 This edition would be useful if you would like to enrich your Japanese English vocabulary, whether for self improvement or for preparation in advanced of college examinations Websters edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of difficult and potentially ambiguous English words Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority compared to difficult, yet commonly used English words Rather than supply a single translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Japanese, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of English without using the notes as a pure translation crutch Having the reader decipher a words meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages This edition is helpful to Japanese speaking students enrolled in an English Language Program ELP , an English as a Foreign Language EFL program, an English as a Second Language Program ESL , or in a TOEFL or TOEIC preparation program Students who are actively building their vocabularies in Japanese or English may also find this useful for Advanced Placement AP tests TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book This book is one of a series of Websters paperbacks that allows the reader to obtain value from the experience ofreading Translations are from Websters Online Dictionary, derived from a meta analysis of public sources, cited on the site.
Combines the worst of romanticism with the worst of modernism.
Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poets. Her poems can be more spiritual than most, but she has very unique descriptions and how she sees the world. Her poems are very quick to read and are easy on the eyes. I can guarantee that will enjoy some of her poems! I will definitely be reading her second and third series!!
I never really consider Poetry books as 'read'. For me it is always and ongoing process of discovery. Take this book for example; I've had it for years but never really read through. I have my favorites though that I read over and over:THE heart asks pleasure first,And then, excuse from pain;And then, those little anodynesThat deaden suffering;And then, to go to sleep;And then, if it should beThe will of its Inquisitor,The liberty to die.
It is truly beautiful how many quotes you can extract from her poems. I decided that she's my favourite poet of all times.
If I had to describe the poems I just read with one word - I'd say beautiful. I'll admit that I don't really read poetry but after watching A Quiet Passion, I decided that it's high time I read some of Emily Dickinson's works, because I had this feeling that I'd really love them.And let me just say that if you want to read some beautiful, gentle and melodic poems - Emily Dickinson is definitely a great choice.
This is my letter to the world, That never wrote to me, The simple news that Nature told, With tender majesty. Her message is committed To hands I cannot see; For love of her, sweet countrymen, Judge tenderly of me!
I do not know why or from where I got this series but it is a good delight. Series One was easy, romantic and unique.This is a good surprise and now I am eager to read Series Two and Three.
It's hard to read these poems and ignore her influence in many poets. At the same time, it's also hard to read them and ignore how contemporary her poems still are.
I can't believe I've never read Dickinson's work. I plan to read volumes 2 and 3 next.
Even though I didn't like every single one of the poems I found a few which I adored and the rhythm, the themes and words really touched me. Definitely want to read more of her poetry.
This is the shortest and closest I could find since I read this in English 1C Introduction to literature and we read "I dwell in possibility" COUNTLESS TIMES!
Emily Dickinson has always been my favorite poet and always will be. I have a folder full of my favorite poems that I have collected over the years and they are nearly all hers. Her poems are full of wit, sass, intellect, insight and more. She was incredibly talented.
Wow, that was a good pleasure!These lovely poems should be read on sunset, on a romantic beach, along with a tasty cup of good coffee! -- with slow music for sure:) that would be perfect!Emily Dickinson was a romantic soul. Her poems say that. They were easy, and totally charming.I highly recommend them. If you like to take a break from your heavy noisy grey life, then you should read them - they are the cure! They will put you in a world full of colors.
I'll have to find a text copy of this! The reader of the version I listened to seemed like he was having issues with pronouncing some words and transitioning from one poem to the next. Like he was reading it all in one sitting. Otherwise, I really enjoyed this collection of Emily Dickinson poems. I found it on YouTube and it's also available on librivox to download for free!
The depth that you find in Emily's writing is what you can't find in any prose. The work that she could do in such young age, is astonishing. Most of her work remains relevant even today, and shall remember the same for the coming generations. Her poetry is filling, it fills your soul. In this one, I love how her poems touch the point of grief, sadness and death of a loved one.
I enjoyed this. A wandered in and out, sometimes reading whole sections, sometimes lingering over a favorite. Though there's lots here I didn't find I had a vast many favorites, a few each section maybe, and the most in the last section Time and Eternity. I do look forward to reading the other books in the series!


The promise of primary reform, including California's new jungle primary law, was that it would lead to more moderation in politics. Widen the electorate in primary elections beyond all those nasty partisans, the reformers told us, and those elected would be more responsive to a broader range of views.
Richard Winger at Ballot Access News uses the House Republican vote on the fiscal cliff bargain to test that promise. His conclusion? "When one breaks down the list of Republicans who had been re-elected in November 2012, one finds that Republican members from closed primary states were far more likely to vote for the bill than Republicans from states with more open primaries," including California's undemocratic new system.
That doesn't count as definitive evidence, but it's a reminder that we are still waiting for the reformers to show us any evidence that the changes they pimped have had any benefit at all.


text:
Facebook Marketing Partner SHIFT Integrates With The New Atlas
by Liz Rowley // Wednesday, November 12th, 2014 – 11:45 am
SHIFT is among the first Facebook marketing partners to integrate with the newly rebuilt Atlas ad platform. CEO James Borow said the company's customers will soon be able to leverage Facebook's data within SHIFT's new platform to reach people in mobile apps outside of Facebook-owned mobile apps.
"The inventory is not just locked within the walls of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn," he said. "We're now serving ads within a mobile display environment, which is outside the walls of the Facebook application."
SHIFT's updated platform includes a re-engineered user interface for its dashboard that lets marketers set rules and triggers to govern campaigns. It leverages intelligence built on Atlas' data, Borow said, in addition to first- and third-party data.
Other updates include an interface to manage campaigns across networks and enhanced data reporting capabilities and visuals.
"This is what the next generation of ad platforms will look like," said Borow. "We target real individuals, not just cookies, and we can reach our customers across any device, if they're checking Facebook or Twitter, or if they're inside an application like Angry Birds. It's a massive step forward for advertisers."
SHIFT employs around 100 people, and its customers include brands like AT&T, American Express and Unilever. The company has raised about $14 million and is headquartered in Los Angeles, with an overseas office in London.
WPP media agency MEC uses SHIFT's software for a number of its clients to power social media buys across several platforms. And though MEC's North America head of social, Noah Mallin, said he sees the potential in SHIFT's alliance with Atlas, MEC has yet to fully leverage Atlas.
"SHIFT works very hard, from my experience, to be as integrated as possible with the platforms that they partner with," Mallin said. "Atlas is a great example of that, because they've been one of the first out of the gate with this kind of integration."
He added, "The idea is that we'll really be able to have cross-device attribution in a way that's been pretty difficult to get to up until now. But our partnership with SHIFT has allowed us to plan a lot earlier, and to be up and running when the ability to use Atlas in new ways becomes possible. It's given us a real leg up."
Working with SHIFT, MEC has been able to reach highly targeted audiences and to spend considerably less in doing so, according to Mallin. Though he declined to name a specific client, he said MEC had used SHIFT's platform to cut CPAs in half.
Mallin said SHIFT's product was particularly useful for a client needing intensive PR work or to engage audiences with targeted branded messages.
But the biggest challenge for leveraging social isn't necessarily the software or on the targeting side, he said. The larger hurdle is marrying targeting with creative insights.
"You can have the best targeting in the world, but if you're not reaching people on a gut level, they're going to pass over you on the news feed," he said. "SHIFT has allowed us to not only come back with targeting insights, but to also come back with creative insights to dynamically optimize to the best performers."
Borow claimed SHIFT's updates will eventually let marketers leverage Atlas' measurement capabilities and ditch the cookie-based targeting of traditional display.
"In the past you could not reliably run an ad campaign that you could attribute across devices, or impact the decision that takes place offline," Borow said. "Because Atlas is orienting things around people, they can help clients put together the entire story through data. It's shepherding in an entirely new way to think about advertising."
"That type of transparency is revolutionary in terms of digital advertising," he added. "It's going to usher in a lot more trust. We look at it at how advertising should have always worked."
Salesforce is SHIFT's closest competition in North America, Borow said, as Social.com, a key component to the Salesforce Marketing Cloud, also offers marketers an advertising platform to reach customers across Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Atlas. Borow added that SHIFT and Salesforce are the only two companies in the US that support all four integrations.
SHIFT's updated platform is still in beta and, for the time being, is available to a select number of SHIFT's customers.
Big Tech Antitrust Hearing: These Are The Top Questions Lawmakers Lobbed At Zuck, Bezos, Cook And Pichai
The Amount Of Hate Speech Facebook Found On Its Platform Doubled Between Q1 And Q2
Facebook Shames Apple For Refusing To Waive The App Store Fee For Its New Online Events Feature
Full Text: Facebook's Explainer And FAQ On Preparing For IOS 14


K-1 Visa Letter Of Intent Sample – An invitation letter for visa can be a letter prepared to a guest who exists in one region to encourage those to take a look at you in another region. This report is made use of included in the supporting documents that will be presented in an effort to get yourself a visa to initiate your land. It is almost always introduced at the visa employment interview or found in a plan and mailed together with the program for your guest visa. The invitation letter for visa differs from an invitation with a sociable celebration within a country given it contains immigration details that are not required in the public invitation letter. Examine invitation letters for occasions below.
This particular article explains in aspects why such a record is necessary, how ought to it be prepared and also free samples making it more clear the fact that Letter of Invitation appearances, which also can be utilized by updating info as needed.
How to Write a Letter of Invitation for Visa Request?
To a lot of it may sound perplexing, but composing a letter of invitation might be the quickest element of your visa application, should you have rightly fully understood just what it acts for. The letter really needs to be created by the invitee and sorted out both for your requirements or even to the consular official. Some embassies have their own personal invitation form, thus, you should definitely take a look at regarding this once you get the listing of visa necessary paperwork. If they have a kind, then your number will only need to fulfill the unfilled spaces together with the correct information.
When creating an invitation letter, the main thing the writer has to keep in mind, would be that the letter must incorporate some vital particulars, with the sponsor as well as the visitor.
If the letter is dealt with for the invitee usually do not allow it to be appear way too standard. It is best in the event it looks much more personalized and friendlier as opposed to formal, in order for the consular officer will have a far better vision on the association between your host and also the guests.
A set system or design of producing an invitation letter is not going to really exist. It depends on the writer to decide what the person wants to incorporate in their letter. K-1 Visa Letter Of Intent Sample On condition that the letter has got the previously mentioned mentioned details and others, next the letter is just great.
Related Post "K-1 Visa Letter Of Intent Sample"


Jessie serves on staff as our Next Gen. Director and has a passion to see our youth find Jesus and purpose.
Ecclesiastes 4:9-10 "Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor. If either of them falls, one can help the other up. But pity anyone who falls and has no one to help them up."
Being in community with other believers is so important in a persons walk with Jesus. This next week we are going to kids camp and at the end of the month we are going to youth camp. Camp is a time for our young people to go deeper in their relationship with Jesus, but also to develop deeper relationship with people who are going after Him. God moves at camp. Im not saying God doesn't move in our everyday lives because he totally does. Camp eliminates distraction and makes room for relationship to happen. When a student comes back from camp they will not only have grown in their spiritual walk, but they will have a community of people who they now know and trust holding them accountable.
As we prepare to leave for two weeks of summer camp I pray that Jesus would prepare the hearts of all of our young people going. That they would be open to all he has to offer. I pray that healing would take place, some would experience salvation, and that the truth would be made so fresh to each and everyone of them. I also pray that they would find someone who will walk this journey of faith out with them. That they would be intentional about building community with the other believers that will be there with them and then we would come back more united as a group.


Sleep can be an elusive word for new and experienced parents alike. You may think that you had experienced tiredness before becoming a parent, but nothing will compare to the tiredness of parenting.
Let me first say that there is no one way to get your baby to sleep through the night. Your family will need to decide on the best tactics for your situation. You may choose to self-settle, you may choose to parent settle, you may even choose to co-sleep. Whatever you choose, make sure your baby is happy, healthy and safe. Do not feel guilty about how you choose to help your baby sleep better. Do what suits your family and don't be swayed by anyone else's opinion.
Here are some ideas for getting your children to be good sleepers.
It is never too early to establish a bedtime routine. In the beginning your newborn will not distinguish between day and night. They will wake through the night needing a feed or a cuddle. But you can still begin with a relaxed routine to prepare yourself and your baby for later years.
When your baby gets slightly older, it's great to have a calming bedtime routine that helps prepare them for a restful sleep. Establish a suitable dinner time (not too early and not too late), after dinner it might be nice to have a bath or other quiet time. Reading a story before bed is a fantastic opportunity for a snuggle and bonding. Then you are ready for your night time feed and off to sleep.
Every family will have their own routine, that may differ from the one described above. The important thing is to find out what works for your family and stick to it. A regular routine gives children security and confidence.
To begin with, your baby will not know the difference between day and night. They will not see why you spend all day awake and playing with them, and then not at night time. Help your baby set their internal clock by making daytime lively and full of fun. With your actions, let them know that during the day is playtime. When it comes to night time, make sure things are quieter and less exciting. This will show your baby when it is time to calm down for sleep.
Give your baby the opportunity to fall asleep alone. Put your baby into their bed on their back when they are sleepy, but still awake. If you rock or cuddle your baby to sleep, then they may become dependent on this to go to sleep. If they wake in the night, give them a few seconds before getting up to them. They may be able to settle themselves back to sleep. If not, then go to their bed and comfort them by patting them. Try not to pick them up unless they are really distressed.
Around the age of 6 months old, your baby will start to register being separated from you. Putting a comforter item in their cot with them may help them settle if they wake. Make sure that you do not let a child younger than 6 months old sleep with a comforter.
Before you give the toy to them, keep it near your skin for a period of time. This will help it to smell like you. Babies have a strong sense of smell and if the object smells like you, it will be familiar and can be comforting for your baby.
Co-Sleeping is a controversial topic as it can be the cause of death in children. It is always recommended that children under the age of 6 months sleep beside your bed in their own bassinet or cot. If you choose to co-sleep, ensure that you do it safely.
Co-sleeping can provide the reassurance and security that some children need to be able to sleep through the night. Make sure that your child understands when it is time to wind down and go to sleep so that it does not disrupt your own sleeping patterns.
If possible, share the bedtime duties and night time settling with your partner. Your baby will not be reliant on one specific parent to settle down at night then. It also gives you both a chance for a full night's sleep if you take turns.
Playing white noise can help your baby settle. Daytime is full of noises, but night time is so quiet. Any sudden noise can wake your baby at night time. Playing white noise can help disguise those unexpected noises and help your baby sleep though. Turning on the white noise can also be a signifier that it is time for bed. Your baby will begin to associate that noise with going to sleep.
Make sure that your baby feels secure and loved during the day with lots of cuddles and interaction. You may even want to try baby-wearing during the day. By having this security during the day, they may feel comfortable enough to sleep by themselves at night.
If your baby is unwell, be prepared that they may wake more in the night. Throw any sleep routines out the window until your baby is well again. They may also wake more in the night if you are going through some major changes. Moving house, a parent starting back at work, or starting childcare are all things that could disrupt your baby's sleep. Be in tune with this and don't be too hard on them when they wake at night. They will need the reassurance that you are still there for them.


text:
Q: Alarm service not canceling I have a repeated alarm registered and it works. But when I try to cancel it, it wouldn't cancel. I have tried solutions in these postes:post1post2
Activity's oncreate():
private void init() {
        btToggleLocationService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btToggleLocationService);
        btToggleLocationService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(LocatorAlarmManager.isRegistered(MainActivity.this)){
                    Log.d(TAG, "onClick() Alarm  registered, stopping...");
                    LocatorAlarmManager.stopAlarm(MainActivity.this);
                    updateServiceButton();
                }else{
                    Log.d(TAG, "onClick() Alarm not registered, registreing...");
                    LocatorAlarmManager.registerAlarm(MainActivity.this);
                    updateServiceButton();
                }

            }
        });
        updateServiceButton();
    }

And my LocationAlarmManager class:
public class LocatorAlarmManager {
    private static final String TAG = LocatorAlarmManager.class.getSimpleName();
    public static final int REQUEST_CODE = 99321;

    /**
     * Registers the Location alarm. Will ignore call if its already registerd.
     */
    public static void registerAlarm(Context context) {
        if (isRegistered(context)) {
            Log.i(TAG, "already Registred alarmt");
            return;
        }
        long firstTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        firstTime += 3 * 1000;

        SharedPreferences sPrefs = PreferenceManager
                .getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
        AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) context
                .getSystemService(Activity.ALARM_SERVICE);
        am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, firstTime,
                LocaterSettings.getSendLocationInterval(sPrefs) * 1000L,
                getSendLocationIntent(context, 0));
        Log.i(TAG, "registerAlarm() Registred alarmt");

    }

    /**
     * Checks if the Location alarm has been registered or not.
     *
     * @return true if its registed, false if not.
     */
    public static boolean isRegistered(Context context) {
        boolean alarmUp = getSendLocationIntent(context,
                PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE) != null;

        if (alarmUp) {
            Log.d(TAG, "isRegistered() Alarm is already active");
            return true;
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "isRegistered() Alarm is NOT active");
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static void stopAlarm(Context context) {
        Log.d(TAG, "stopAlarm() Stopping alarm");
        AlarmManager alarmManagerstop = (AlarmManager) context
                .getSystemService(Activity.ALARM_SERVICE);
        try {
            alarmManagerstop.cancel(getSendLocationIntent(context, 0));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "stopAlarm() Stopped alarm");
    }

    private static PendingIntent getSendLocationIntent(Context context, int flag) {
        return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, REQUEST_CODE, new Intent(
                context, LocationReciever.class), flag);

    }

Log:
Button Click start alarm
05-23 21:35:29.780: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): isRegistered() Alarm is NOT active
05-23 21:35:29.780: D/MainActivity(16329): onClick() Alarm not registered, registreing...
05-23 21:35:29.780: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): isRegistered() Alarm is NOT active
05-23 21:35:29.790: I/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): registerAlarm() Registred alarmt
05-23 21:35:29.790: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): isRegistered() Alarm is already active

Button Click stop alarm
05-23 21:35:59.203: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): isRegistered() Alarm is already active
05-23 21:35:59.203: D/MainActivity(16329): onClick() Alarm  registered, stopping...
05-23 21:35:59.203: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): stopAlarm() Stopping alarm
05-23 21:35:59.203: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): stopAlarm() Stopped alarm
05-23 21:35:59.203: D/LocatorAlarmManager(16329): isRegistered() Alarm is already active

Problem is the last line in log, It should be canceled, but after it is, its checked again and it says its 'already registered',I would like to know, what is wrong with my stop alarm action. Thanks in advance.

A: You will have to cancel the PendingIntent as well after you cancel the alarm.
try {
    alarmManagerstop.cancel(getSendLocationIntent(context, 0));
    getSendLocationIntent(context, 0).cancel();
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

This will fix your problem.

A: When you create the PendingIntents, use PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT as the last argument.
return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, REQUEST_CODE, new Intent(context,
    LocationReciever.class), PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Komodo National Park has great things to discover above and underwater! Komodo is called the land of the dragon, referring to the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis). These living fossils can get about 3 meters long. They are only 'available' on Rinca and Komodo Island in the Komodo National Park where they roam free.
Since you simply can not go to Komodo without seeing the Komodo dragons I started checking tours and packages in Labuan Bajo, the town on Flores closest to the Komodo National Park.
Rinca Island is about two hours by 'slow' boat from Labuan Bajo and the closest place to observe the. The tour agents in Labuan Bajo said the best place to spot the dragons is on Rinca, not sure if it meant the best for their sales or us seeing the most dragons.
The average price in town is 350.000 Rupiah for one person for a full day shared trip and 1.600.000 for a private trip (without bargaining). After having paid for too many tourist traps we wanted to create our own half day tour and start in the afternoon.
To be honest, after diving in the area I could not be bothered going snorkeling in the areas that are less spectacular but 'en-route' making it a 3/4/5-in-one tight scheduled day trip. But, on the other hand, paying for a private trip was out of our budget as well. So, after bargaining with local fisherman outside of town we got a deal for a private boat for four people for 800.000 Rupiah.
Once we saw the boat the next day, we realized a booked tour might have been a better idea. It was a small fishing boat with a wooded floor and an impressively loud shaking engine. On our way over we got hold-up a few times due to propeller maintenance and sailing over garbage and pieces of wood floating around. Once the captain even jumped in the water and changed the propeller after hitting something. The amount of garbage floating around in the area is horrible, everywhere. Many beaches around Labuan Bajo are covered with a layer of waste like drinking bottles, plastic bags and wrappings.
Entering the Komodo National Park.
Once arrived on the island after two long noise hours the UNESCO World Heritage site looked like an empty theme park, and the prices were a bit similar. We had to pay (per person): 150.000 Rupiah National Park Fee, 50.000 to enter the Komodo Dragon park, 20.000 for a guide, 10.000 to observe the wildlife and 5.000 to hike in the park. Four people paid a total of 940.000 Rupiah, 70 US dollars. I hope that either we got fooled and the guys had a good day or even better, all the money really goes to the protection and care for the dragons in this park and maybe some education about water waste management.
We took the short track since it was hot & sunny and probably not a lot of shade, plus most of the dragons would be in that area. It took us about 30 minutes and basically all the dragons we have seen were laying around the parks headquarters. The walk was nice, not a hike, and there was a nice view over the bay. Our guide was explaining many interesting things about the dragons, most of our questions were answered and with his Y-shaped walking stick he could chase the dragons away in case they got aggressive. They can run as fast as 20 KM per hour, so do not run.
Komodo Dragons on Rinca Island, Komodo National Park.
How many dragons can you see? None of the tour agent was telling us this. Of course, they walk free and you can be really lucky or the other way around - guaranties. We counted about 30 dragons, only 2 young ones were actually moving / walking.
Was it worth it? Well, I am not a biologist and I am not so much into tourist activities (as mentioned before), but the animals are really impressive. Even though they lay down flat and barely moved, we were really glad that we did it, even-though I would have preferred a combined trip with 2 SCUBA dives from Labuan Bajo or as part of a SCUBA liveaboard.
Labuan Bajo is a harbor town on Flores. It gives direct access to Komodo National Park for world class SCUBA diving and to observe the Komodo Dragons. Find out what else you can do in this area, where to eat & drink and information about accommodation in this area. Click here to read about Flores!
Let me know if my travel information and tips are useful to you! Please leave your comment below!