(Durham, NC) - August 30, 2018 - While the island of Puerto Rico is some 1,500 miles from Downtown Durham, foodies in the Bull City will have the opportunity to grab a popular taste of fusion Carribean cuisine based heavily on PR classics.
Boricua Soul, a Puerto Rican soul restaurant, will launch as the second tenant of the PopUp @ American Tobacco space after a successful two-week run by Venezuelan Coffee purveyor Caballo Rojo.
Boricua Soul is the product of husband and wife duo Toriano and Serena Fredericks. Both have drawn on their multi-ethnic and rich culinary ancestry to create unique flavors that have most recently been found in their food truck by the same name. The restaurant (and truck) specialize in using West African, Native Indian and European ingredients and techniques as a result of the African slave trade. According to Toriano and Serena, these foods tell the story and act as a vehicle to transport history from the past.
This will be their first go at a brick and mortar location.
Boricua Soul will occupy PopUp @ American Tobacco from September 6 - September 30.
September also marks the one year anniversary of Hurricane Maria which devastated Puerto Rico with effects still being felt today. To support the island, Boricua Soul will donate 10% of their sales on 9/20, the date the hurricane made landfall, to United for Puerto Rico.
Boricua Soul will welcome Durham's hungry lunch crowd Monday through Friday 11 a.m. - 2 p.m. They'll be open for dinner on Fridays from 5 - 8 p.m.


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A graduate of Emerson College's prestigious film school, Bill wrote and directed his first feature film, Pawn, while still a student. After graduation, he founded Newbury Filmworks, Inc., an award-winning production company renowned for making high-quality corporate films and commercials.
In 1990, Bill relocated to Los Angeles, and began a freelance story analysis career for various studios and independent production companies, while devoting his spare time to the writing of novels, short stories, and screenplays. He is also a highly-respected graphic designer, specializing in book and dust jacket design. He has worked on books by such luminaries as: Ray Bradbury, Richard Matheson, Dean Koontz, and Stephen King. In addition, Bill is a member of the Authors Guild.
He has won awards for his screenwriting, his two short story collections for Mid-Graders, Five-Minute Frights and Five-Minute Chillers, are perennial Halloween favorites, and his first novel, Titanic 2012, was enthusiastically received by readers. His latest novel, Abe Lincoln On Acid was released in 2016. Bill lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Debbie, and their sons, Jeffrey and Brian.
Bill Is A Rockstar Member Of Script Revolution
That means Bill helps keep the site running by contributing at least $5 a month via our Patreon Campaign. The site you are using right now is here partly because of their kind generosity.
Scripts By Bill
ASSASSIN! The Second Life of John Wilkes Booth
When Booth escapes justice for assassinating Lincoln, he assumes the identity of a dead man and disappears, unaware that one man knows the truth and will pursue him to the ends of the earth.
Feature Crime, History For sale 122pp
Abe Lincoln: Public Enemy No. 1
Through a cruel twist of fate and a little voodoo, Abe Lincoln ends up on the run in the 1930s robbing banks with John Dillinger.
Feature Crime, Fantasy, History For sale 110pp
Starring...John Dillinger
When Hoover's plans to kill John Dillinger are thwarted by the outlaw's shocking surrender, he has no idea Dillinger will have the last laugh as he takes Hollywood by storm and becomes a star.
Feature Action, Crime, Drama For sale 124pp
TAKE OUR COUNTRY BACK!
When a resurrected Abraham Lincoln inserts himself into our upcoming presidential election, both parties attempt to use or discredit him for their own political ends.
Feature Comedy For sale 96pp
A Note from an Old Acquaintance
A best-selling author on the brink of despair revisits the city of his youth to find the lost love he left behind.
Feature Drama, Romance For sale 125pp
Camp Stalag
A reality TV series goes horribly wrong when the participants find out the men running their "authentic" World War II German POW camp are playing the game for keeps.
Feature Action, Drama, War For sale 119pp
A Clockwork Testament
When his grandson dies in jail under mysterious circumstances, Alexander DeLarge—now retired and widowed—sets out to find the truth, unaware that the lure of the streets will reassert his ultraviolent nature.
Feature Crime, Drama, Sci-Fi Example of work only 118pp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Supreme Court Decisions by Topic > FIRST AMENDMENT: OPINIONS >
CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF OREGON
No. 88-1213 Argued: Nov. 6, 1989 --- Decided: April 17, 1990
Justice SCALIA delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case requires us to decide whether the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment permits the State of Oregon to include religiously inspired peyote use within the reach of its general criminal prohibition on use of that drug, and thus permits the State to deny unemployment benefits to persons dismissed from their jobs because of such religiously inspired use.
Oregon law prohibits the knowing or intentional possession of a "controlled substance" unless the substance has been prescribed by a medical practitioner. Ore.Rev.Stat. § 475.992(4) (1987). The law defines "controlled substance" as a drug classified in Schedules I through V of the Federal Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 811-812 (1982 ed. and Supp. V), as modified by the State Board of Pharmacy. Ore.Rev.Stat. § 475.005(6) (1987). Persons who violate this provision by possessing a controlled substance listed on Schedule I are "guilty of a Class B felony." § 475.992(4)(a). As compiled by the State Board of Pharmacy under its statutory authority, see Ore.Rev.Stat. § 475.035 (1987), Schedule I contains the drug peyote, a hallucinogen derived from the plant Lophophorawilliamsii Lemaire. Ore.Admin. Rule 855-80-021(3)(s) (1988).
Respondents Alfred Smith and Galen Black were fired from their jobs with a private drug rehabilitation organization because they ingested peyote for sacramental purposes at a ceremony of the Native American Church, of which both are members. When respondents applied to petitioner Employment Division for unemployment compensation, they were determined to be ineligible for benefits because they had been discharged for work-related "misconduct". The Oregon Court of Appeals reversed that determination, holding that the denial of benefits violated respondents' free exercise rights under the First Amendment. [p875]
On appeal to the Oregon Supreme Court, petitioner argued that the denial of benefits was permissible because respondents' consumption of peyote was a crime under Oregon law. The Oregon Supreme Court reasoned, however, that the criminality of respondents' peyote use was irrelevant to resolution of their constitutional claim -- since the purpose of the "misconduct" provision under which respondents had been disqualified was not to enforce the State's criminal laws, but to preserve the financial integrity of the compensation fund, and since that purpose was inadequate to justify the burden that disqualification imposed on respondents' religious practice. Citing our decisions in Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963), and Thomas v. Review Board, Indiana Employment Security Div., 450 U.S. 707 (1981), the court concluded that respondents were entitled to payment of unemployment benefits. Smith v. Employment Div., Dept. of Human Resources, 301 Or. 209, 217-219, 721 P.2d 445, 449-450 (1986). We granted certiorari. 480 U.S. 916 (1987).
Before this Court in 1987, petitioner continued to maintain that the illegality of respondents' peyote consumption was relevant to their constitutional claim. We agreed, concluding that
if a State has prohibited through its criminal laws certain kinds of religiously motivated conduct without violating the First Amendment, it certainly follows that it may impose the lesser burden of denying unemployment compensation benefits to persons who engage in that conduct.
Employment Div., Dept. of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, 485 U.S. 660, 670 (1988) (Smith I). We noted, however, that the Oregon Supreme Court had not decided whether respondents' sacramental use of peyote was in fact proscribed by Oregon's controlled substance law, and that this issue was a matter of dispute between the parties. Being "uncertain about the legality of the religious use of peyote in Oregon," we determined that it would not be "appropriate for us to decide whether the practice is protected by the Federal Constitution." Id. at 673. Accordingly, we [p876] vacated the judgment of the Oregon Supreme Court and remanded for further proceedings. Id. at 674.
On remand, the Oregon Supreme Court held that respondents' religiously inspired use of peyote fell within the prohibition of the Oregon statute, which "makes no exception for the sacramental use" of the drug. 307 Or. 68, 72-73, 763 P.2d 146, 148 (1988). It then considered whether that prohibition was valid under the Free Exercise Clause, and concluded that it was not. The court therefore reaffirmed its previous ruling that the State could not deny unemployment benefits to respondents for having engaged in that practice.
We again granted certiorari. 489 U.S. 1077 (1989).
Respondents' claim for relief rests on our decisions in Sherbert v. Verner, supra, Thomas v. Review Board, Indiana Employment Security Div., supra, and Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n of Florida, 480 U.S. 136 (1987), in which we held that a State could not condition the availability of unemployment insurance on an individual's willingness to forgo conduct required by his religion. As we observed in Smith I, however, the conduct at issue in those cases was not prohibited by law. We held that distinction to be critical, for
if Oregon does prohibit the religious use of peyote, and if that prohibition is consistent with the Federal Constitution, there is no federal right to engage in that conduct in Oregon,
the State is free to withhold unemployment compensation from respondents for engaging in work-related misconduct, despite its religious motivation.
485 U.S. at 672. Now that the Oregon Supreme Court has confirmed that Oregon does prohibit the religious use of peyote, we proceed to consider whether that prohibition is permissible under the Free Exercise Clause.
The Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, which has been made applicable to the States by incorporation into [p877] the Fourteenth Amendment, see Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 303 (1940), provides that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . . . " U.S. Const. Am. I (emphasis added). The free exercise of religion means, first and foremost, the right to believe and profess whatever religious doctrine one desires. Thus, the First Amendment obviously excludes all "governmental regulation of religious beliefs as such." Sherbert v. Verner, supra, 374 U.S. at 402. The government may not compel affirmation of religious belief, see Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961), punish the expression of religious doctrines it believes to be false, United States v. Ballard, 322 U.S. 78, 86-88 (1944), impose special disabilities on the basis of religious views or religious status, see McDaniel v. Paty, 435 U.S. 618 (1978); Fowler v. Rhode Island, 345 U.S. 67, 69 (1953); cf. Larson v. Valente, 456 U.S. 228, 245 (1982), or lend its power to one or the other side in controversies over religious authority or dogma, see Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church, 393 U.S. 440, 445-452 (1969); Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral, 344 U.S. 94, 95-119 (1952); Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich, 426 U.S. 696, 708-725 (1976).
But the "exercise of religion" often involves not only belief and profession but the performance of (or abstention from) physical acts: assembling with others for a worship service, participating in sacramental use of bread and wine, proselytizing, abstaining from certain foods or certain modes of transportation. It would be true, we think (though no case of ours has involved the point), that a state would be "prohibiting the free exercise [of religion]" if it sought to ban such acts or abstentions only when they are engaged in for religious reasons, or only because of the religious belief that they display. It would doubtless be unconstitutional, for example, to ban the casting of "statues that are to be used [p878] for worship purposes," or to prohibit bowing down before a golden calf.
Respondents in the present case, however, seek to carry the meaning of "prohibiting the free exercise [of religion]" one large step further. They contend that their religious motivation for using peyote places them beyond the reach of a criminal law that is not specifically directed at their religious practice, and that is concededly constitutional as applied to those who use the drug for other reasons. They assert, in other words, that "prohibiting the free exercise [of religion]" includes requiring any individual to observe a generally applicable law that requires (or forbids) the performance of an act that his religious belief forbids (or requires). As a textual matter, we do not think the words must be given that meaning. It is no more necessary to regard the collection of a general tax, for example, as "prohibiting the free exercise [of religion]" by those citizens who believe support of organized government to be sinful than it is to regard the same tax as "abridging the freedom . . . of the press" of those publishing companies that must pay the tax as a condition of staying in business. It is a permissible reading of the text, in the one case as in the other, to say that, if prohibiting the exercise of religion (or burdening the activity of printing) is not the object of the tax, but merely the incidental effect of a generally applicable and otherwise valid provision, the First Amendment has not been offended. Compare Citizen Publishing Co. v. United States, 394 U.S. 131, 139 (1969) (upholding application of antitrust laws to press), with Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233, 250-251 (1936) (striking down license tax applied only to newspapers with weekly circulation above a specified level); see generally Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue, 460 U.S. 575, 581 (1983).
Our decisions reveal that the latter reading is the correct one. We have never held that an individual's religious beliefs [p879] excuse him from compliance with an otherwise valid law prohibiting conduct that the State is free to regulate. On the contrary, the record of more than a century of our free exercise jurisprudence contradicts that proposition. As described succinctly by Justice Frankfurter in Minersville School Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 594-595 (1940):
Conscientious scruples have not, in the course of the long struggle for religious toleration, relieved the individual from obedience to a general law not aimed at the promotion or restriction of religious beliefs. The mere possession of religious convictions which contradict the relevant concerns of a political society does not relieve the citizen from the discharge of political responsibilities.
(Footnote omitted.) We first had occasion to assert that principle in Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1879), where we rejected the claim that criminal laws against polygamy could not be constitutionally applied to those whose religion commanded the practice. "Laws," we said,
are made for the government of actions, and while they cannot interfere with mere religious belief and opinions, they may with practices. . . . Can a man excuse his practices to the contrary because of his religious belief? To permit this would be to make the professed doctrines of religious belief superior to the law of the land, and in effect to permit every citizen to become a law unto himself.
Id. at 166-167.
Subsequent decisions have consistently held that the right of free exercise does not relieve an individual of the obligation to comply with a
valid and neutral law of general applicability on the ground that the law proscribes (or prescribes) conduct that his religion prescribes (or proscribes).
United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252, 263, n. 3 (1982) (STEVENS, J., concurring in judgment); see Minersville School Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Gobitis, supra, 310 U.S. at 595 (collecting cases). In Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944), we held that a mother could be prosecuted under the child labor laws [p880] for using her children to dispense literature in the streets, her religious motivation notwithstanding. We found no constitutional infirmity in "excluding [these children] from doing there what no other children may do." Id. at 171. In Braunfeld v. Brown, 366 U.S. 599 (1961) (plurality opinion), we upheld Sunday closing laws against the claim that they burdened the religious practices of persons whose religions compelled them to refrain from work on other days. In Gillette v. United States, 401 U.S. 437, 461 (1971), we sustained the military selective service system against the claim that it violated free exercise by conscripting persons who opposed a particular war on religious grounds.
Our most recent decision involving a neutral, generally applicable regulatory law that compelled activity forbidden by an individual's religion was United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. at 258-261. There, an Amish employer, on behalf of himself and his employees, sought exemption from collection and payment of Social Security taxes on the ground that the Amish faith prohibited participation in governmental support programs. We rejected the claim that an exemption was constitutionally required. There would be no way, we observed, to distinguish the Amish believer's objection to Social Security taxes from the religious objections that others might have to the collection or use of other taxes.
If, for example, a religious adherent believes war is a sin, and if a certain percentage of the federal budget can be identified as devoted to war-related activities, such individuals would have a similarly valid claim to be exempt from paying that percentage of the income tax. The tax system could not function if denominations were allowed to challenge the tax system because tax payments were spent in a manner that violates their religious belief.
Id. at 260. Cf. Hernandez v. Commissioner, 490 U.S. 680 (1989) (rejecting free exercise challenge to payment of income taxes alleged to make religious activities more difficult). [p881]
The only decisions in which we have held that the First Amendment bars application of a neutral, generally applicable law to religiously motivated action have involved not the Free Exercise Clause alone, but the Free Exercise Clause in conjunction with other constitutional protections, such as freedom of speech and of the press, see Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. at 304, 307 (invalidating a licensing system for religious and charitable solicitations under which the administrator had discretion to deny a license to any cause he deemed nonreligious); Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105 (1943) (invalidating a flat tax on solicitation as applied to the dissemination of religious ideas); Follett v. McCormick, 321 U.S. 573 (1944) (same), or the right of parents, acknowledged in Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925), to direct the education of their children, see Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972) (invalidating compulsory school attendance laws as applied to Amish parents who refused on religious grounds to send their children to school). [n1] [p882] Some of our cases prohibiting compelled expression, decided exclusively upon free speech grounds, have also involved freedom of religion, cf. Wooley v. Maynard, 430 U.S. 705 (1977) (invalidating compelled display of a license plate slogan that offended individual religious beliefs); West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943) (invalidating compulsory flag salute statute challenged by religious objectors). And it is easy to envision a case in which a challenge on freedom of association grounds would likewise be reinforced by Free Exercise Clause concerns. Cf. Roberts v. United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609, 622 (1983) ("An individual's freedom to speak, to worship, and to petition the government for the redress of grievances could not be vigorously protected from interference by the State [if] a correlative freedom to engage in group effort toward those ends were not also guaranteed.").
The present case does not present such a hybrid situation, but a free exercise claim unconnected with any communicative activity or parental right. Respondents urge us to hold, quite simply, that when otherwise prohibitable conduct is accompanied by religious convictions, not only the convictions but the conduct itself must be free from governmental regulation. We have never held that, and decline to do so now. There being no contention that Oregon's drug law represents an attempt to regulate religious beliefs, the communication of religious beliefs, or the raising of one's children in those beliefs, the rule to which we have adhered ever since Reynolds plainly controls.
Our cases do not at their farthest reach support the proposition that a stance of conscientious opposition relieves an objector from any colliding duty fixed by a democratic government.
Gillette v. United States, supra, 401 U.S. at 461.
Respondents argue that, even though exemption from generally applicable criminal laws need not automatically be extended to religiously motivated actors, at least the claim for a [p883] religious exemption must be evaluated under the balancing test set forth in Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963). Under the Sherbert test, governmental actions that substantially burden a religious practice must be justified by a compelling governmental interest. See id. at 402-403; see also Hernandez v. Commissioner, supra, 490 U.S. at 699. Applying that test, we have, on three occasions, invalidated state unemployment compensation rules that conditioned the availability of benefits upon an applicant's willingness to work under conditions forbidden by his religion. See Sherbert v. Verner, supra; Thomas v. Review Board, Indiana Employment Div., 450 U.S. 707 (1981); Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n of Florida, 480 U.S. 136 (1987). We have never invalidated any governmental action on the basis of the Sherbert test except the denial of unemployment compensation. Although we have sometimes purported to apply the Sherbert test in contexts other than that, we have always found the test satisfied, see United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252 (1982); Gillette v. United States, 401 U.S. 437 (1971). In recent years we have abstained from applying the Sherbert test (outside the unemployment compensation field) at all. In Bowen v. Roy, 476 U.S. 693 (1986), we declined to apply Sherbert analysis to a federal statutory scheme that required benefit applicants and recipients to provide their Social Security numbers. The plaintiffs in that case asserted that it would violate their religious beliefs to obtain and provide a Social Security number for their daughter. We held the statute's application to the plaintiffs valid regardless of whether it was necessary to effectuate a compelling interest. See id. at 699-701. In Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn., 485 U.S. 439 (1988), we declined to apply Sherbert analysis to the Government's logging and road construction activities on lands used for religious purposes by several Native American Tribes, even though it was undisputed that the activities "could have devastating effects on traditional Indian religious practices," 485 U.S. at 451. [p884] In Goldman v. Weinberger, 475 U.S. 503 (1986), we rejected application of the Sherbert test to military dress regulations that forbade the wearing of yarmulkes. In O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342 (1987), we sustained, without mentioning the Sherbert test, a prison's refusal to excuse inmates from work requirements to attend worship services.
Even if we were inclined to breathe into Sherbert some life beyond the unemployment compensation field, we would not apply it to require exemptions from a generally applicable criminal law. The Sherbert test, it must be recalled, was developed in a context that lent itself to individualized governmental assessment of the reasons for the relevant conduct. As a plurality of the Court noted in Roy, a distinctive feature of unemployment compensation programs is that their eligibility criteria invite consideration of the particular circumstances behind an applicant's unemployment:
The statutory conditions [in Sherbert and Thomas] provided that a person was not eligible for unemployment compensation benefits if, "without good cause," he had quit work or refused available work. The "good cause" standard created a mechanism for individualized exemptions.
Bowen v. Roy, supra, 476 U.S. at 708 (opinion of Burger, C.J., joined by Powell and REHNQUIST, JJ.). See also Sherbert, supra, 374 U.S. at 401, n. 4 (reading state unemployment compensation law as allowing benefits for unemployment caused by at least some "personal reasons"). As the plurality pointed out in Roy, our decisions in the unemployment cases stand for the proposition that where the State has in place a system of individual exemptions, it may not refuse to extend that system to cases of "religious hardship" without compelling reason. Bowen v. Roy, supra, 476 U.S. at 708.
Whether or not the decisions are that limited, they at least have nothing to do with an across-the-board criminal prohibition on a particular form of conduct. Although, as noted earlier, we have sometimes used the Sherbert test to analyze free exercise challenges to such laws, see United States v. [p885] Lee, supra, 455 U.S. at 257-260; Gillette v. United States, supra, 401 U.S. at 462, we have never applied the test to invalidate one. We conclude today that the sounder approach, and the approach in accord with the vast majority of our precedents, is to hold the test inapplicable to such challenges. The government's ability to enforce generally applicable prohibitions of socially harmful conduct, like its ability to carry out other aspects of public policy, "cannot depend on measuring the effects of a governmental action on a religious objector's spiritual development." Lyng, supra, 485 U.S. at 451. To make an individual's obligation to obey such a law contingent upon the law's coincidence with his religious beliefs, except where the State's interest is "compelling" -- permitting him, by virtue of his beliefs, "to become a law unto himself," Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. at 167 -- contradicts both constitutional tradition and common sense. [n2]
The "compelling government interest" requirement seems benign, because it is familiar from other fields. But using it as the standard that must be met before the government may accord different treatment on the basis of race, see, e.g., [p886] Palmore v. Sidoti, 466 U.S. 429, 432 (1984), or before the government may regulate the content of speech, see, e.g., Sable Communications of California v. FCC, 492 U.S. 115 (1989), is not remotely comparable to using it for the purpose asserted here. What it produces in those other fields -- equality of treatment, and an unrestricted flow of contending speech -- are constitutional norms; what it would produce here -- a private right to ignore generally applicable laws -- is a constitutional anomaly. [n3]
Nor is it possible to limit the impact of respondents' proposal by requiring a "compelling state interest" only when the conduct prohibited is "central" to the individual's religion. Cf. Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn., supra, 485 U.S. at 474-476 (BRENNAN, J., dissenting). It is no [p887] more appropriate for judges to determine the "centrality" of religious beliefs before applying a "compelling interest" test in the free exercise field than it would be for them to determine the "importance" of ideas before applying the "compelling interest" test in the free speech field. What principle of law or logic can be brought to bear to contradict a believer's assertion that a particular act is "central" to his personal faith? Judging the centrality of different religious practices is akin to the unacceptable "business of evaluating the relative merits of differing religious claims." United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. at 263 n. 2 (STEVENS, J., concurring). As we reaffirmed only last Term,
[i]t is not within the judicial ken to question the centrality of particular beliefs or practices to a faith, or the validity of particular litigants' interpretation of those creeds.
Hernandez v. Commissioner, 490 U.S. at 699. Repeatedly and in many different contexts, we have warned that courts must not presume to determine the place of a particular belief in a religion or the plausibility of a religious claim. See, e.g., Thomas v. Review Board, Indiana Employment Security Div., 450 U.S. at 716; Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church, 393 U.S. at 450; Jones v. Wolf, 443 U.S. 595, 602-606 (1979); United States v. Ballard, 322 U.S. 78, 85-87 (1944). [n4] [p888]
If the "compelling interest" test is to be applied at all, then, it must be applied across the board, to all actions thought to be religiously commanded. Moreover, if "compelling interest" really means what it says (and watering it down here would subvert its rigor in the other fields where it is applied), many laws will not meet the test. Any society adopting such a system would be courting anarchy, but that danger increases in direct proportion to the society's diversity of religious beliefs, and its determination to coerce or suppress none of them. Precisely because "we are a cosmopolitan nation made up of people of almost every conceivable religious preference," Braunfeld v. Brown, 366 U.S. at 606, and precisely because we value and protect that religious divergence, we cannot afford the luxury of deeming presumptively invalid, as applied to the religious objector, every regulation of conduct that does not protect an interest of the highest order. The rule respondents favor would open the prospect of constitutionally required religious exemptions from civic obligations of almost every conceivable kind -- ranging from [p889] compulsory military service, see, e.g., Gillette v. United States, 401 U.S. 437 (1971), to the payment of taxes, see, e.g., United States v. Lee, supra; to health and safety regulation such as manslaughter and child neglect laws, see, e.g., Funkhouser v. State, 763 P.2d 695 (Okla.Crim.App.1988), compulsory vaccination laws, see, e.g., Cude v. State, 237 Ark. 927, 377 S.W.2d 816 (1964), drug laws, see, e.g., Olsen v. Drug Enforcement Administration, 279 U.S.App.D.C. 1, 878 F.2d 1458 (1989), and traffic laws, see Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 (1941); to social welfare legislation such as minimum wage laws, see Susan and Tony Alamo Foundation v. Secretary of Labor, 471 U.S. 290 (1985), child labor laws, see Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944), animal cruelty laws, see, e.g., Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye Inc. v. City of Hialeah, 723 F.Supp. 1467 (S.D.Fla.1989), cf. State v. Massey, 229 N.C. 734, 51 S.E.2d 179, appeal dism'd, 336 U.S. 942 (1949), environmental protection laws, see United States v. Little, 638 F.Supp. 337 (Mont.1986), and laws providing for equality of opportunity for the races, see, e.g., Bob Jones University v. United States, 461 U.S. 574, 603-604 (1983). The First Amendment's protection of religious liberty does not require this. [n5] [p890]
Values that are protected against government interference through enshrinement in the Bill of Rights are not thereby banished from the political process. Just as a society that believes in the negative protection accorded to the press by the First Amendment is likely to enact laws that affirmatively foster the dissemination of the printed word, so also a society that believes in the negative protection accorded to religious belief can be expected to be solicitous of that value in its legislation as well. It is therefore not surprising that a number of States have made an exception to their drug laws for sacramental peyote use. See, e.g., Ariz.Rev.Stat.Ann. § 13-3402(B)(1) (3) (1989); Colo.Rev.Stat. § 12-22-317(3) (1985); N.M.Stat.Ann. § 30-31-6(D) (Supp.1989). But to say that a nondiscriminatory religious practice exemption is permitted, or even that it is desirable, is not to say that it is constitutionally required, and that the appropriate occasions for its creation can be discerned by the courts. It may fairly be said that leaving accommodation to the political process will place at a relative disadvantage those religious practices that are not widely engaged in; but that unavoidable consequence of democratic government must be preferred to a system in which each conscience is a law unto itself or in which judges weigh the social importance of all laws against the centrality of all religious beliefs.
Because respondents' ingestion of peyote was prohibited under Oregon law, and because that prohibition is constitutional, Oregon may, consistent with the Free Exercise Clause, deny respondents unemployment compensation when their dismissal results from use of the drug. The decision of the Oregon Supreme Court is accordingly reversed.
It is so ordered. [p891]
1. Both lines of cases have specifically adverted to the non-free exercise principle involved. Cantwell, for example, observed that
[t]he fundamental law declares the interest of the United States that the free exercise of religion be not prohibited and that freedom to communicate information and opinion be not abridged.
310 U.S. at 307. Murdock said:
We do not mean to say that religious groups and the press are free from all financial burdens of government. . . . We have here something quite different, for example, from a tax on the income of one who engages in religious activities or a tax on property used or employed in connection with those activities. It is one thing to impose a tax on the income or property of a preacher. It is quite another thing to exact a tax from him for the privilege of delivering a sermon. . . . Those who can deprive religious groups of their colporteurs can take from them a part of the vital power of the press which has survived from the Reformation.
319 U.S. at 112.
Yoder said that
the Court's holding in Pierce stands as a charter of the rights of parents to direct the religious upbringing of their children. And, when the interests of parenthood are combined with a free exercise claim of the nature revealed by this record, more than merely a "reasonable relation to some purpose within the competency of the State" is required to sustain the validity of the State's requirement under the First Amendment.
2. Justice O'CONNOR seeks to distinguish Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn., supra, and Bowen v. Roy, supra, on the ground that those cases involved the government's conduct of "its own internal affairs," which is different because, as Justice Douglas said in Sherbert,
"the Free Exercise Clause is written in terms of what the government cannot do to the individual, not in terms of what the individual can exact from the government."
Post at 900 (O'CONNOR, J., concurring), quoting Sherbert, supra, at 412 (Douglas, J., concurring). But since Justice Douglas voted with the majority in Sherbert, that quote obviously envisioned that what "the government cannot do to the individual" includes not just the prohibition of an individual's freedom of action through criminal laws, but also the running of its programs (in Sherbert, state unemployment compensation) in such fashion as to harm the individual's religious interests. Moreover, it is hard to see any reason in principle or practicality why the government should have to tailor its health and safety laws to conform to the diversity of religious belief, but should not have to tailor its management of public lands, Lyng, supra, or its administration of welfare programs, Roy, supra.
3. Justice O'CONNOR suggests that "[t]here is nothing talismanic about neutral laws of general applicability," and that all laws burdening religious practices should be subject to compelling interest scrutiny because
the First Amendment unequivocally makes freedom of religion, like freedom from race discrimination and freedom of speech, a "constitutional norm," not an "anomaly."
Post at 901 (O'CONNOR, J., concurring). But this comparison with other fields supports, rather than undermines, the conclusion we draw today. Just as we subject to the most exacting scrutiny laws that make classifications based on race, see Palmore v. Sidoti, supra, or on the content of speech, see Sable Communications, supra, so too we strictly scrutinize governmental classifications based on religion, see McDaniel v. Paty, 435 U.S. 618 (1978); see also Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961). But we have held that race-neutral laws that have the effect of disproportionately disadvantaging a particular racial group do not thereby become subject to compelling interest analysis under the Equal Protection Clause, see Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976) (police employment examination); and we have held that generally applicable laws unconcerned with regulating speech that have the effect of interfering with speech do not thereby become subject to compelling interest analysis under the First Amendment, see Citizen Publishing Co. v. United States, 394 U.S. 131, 139 (1969) (antitrust laws). Our conclusion that generally applicable, religion-neutral laws that have the effect of burdening a particular religious practice need not be justified by a compelling governmental interest is the only approach compatible with these precedents.
4. While arguing that we should apply the compelling interest test in this case, Justice O'CONNOR nonetheless agrees that
our determination of the constitutionality of Oregon's general criminal prohibition cannot, and should not, turn on the centrality of the particular religious practice at issue,
post at 906-907 (O'CONNOR, J., concurring). This means, presumably, that compelling interest scrutiny must be applied to generally applicable laws that regulate or prohibit any religiously motivated activity, no matter how unimportant to the claimant's religion. Earlier in her opinion, however, Justice O'CONNOR appears to contradict this, saying that the proper approach is
to determine whether the burden on the specific plaintiffs before us is constitutionally significant and whether the particular criminal interest asserted by the State before us is compelling.
Post at 899. "Constitutionally significant burden" would seem to be "centrality" under another name. In any case, dispensing with a "centrality" inquiry is utterly unworkable. It would require, for example, the same degree of "compelling state interest" to impede the practice of throwing rice at church weddings as to impede the practice of getting married in church. There is no way out of the difficulty that, if general laws are to be subjected to a "religious practice" exception, both the importance of the law at issue and the centrality of the practice at issue must reasonably be considered.
Nor is this difficulty avoided by Justice BLACKMUN's assertion that
although courts should refrain from delving into questions of whether, as a matter of religious doctrine, a particular practice is "central" to the religion, I do not think this means that the courts must turn a blind eye to the severe impact of a State's restrictions on the adherents of a minority religion.
Post at 919 (dissenting opinion). As Justice BLACKMUN's opinion proceeds to make clear, inquiry into "severe impact" is no different from inquiry into centrality. He has merely substituted for the question "How important is X to the religious adherent?" the question "How great will be the harm to the religious adherent if X is taken away?" There is no material difference.
5. Justice O'CONNOR contends that the "parade of horribles" in the text only
demonstrates . . . that courts have been quite capable of strik[ing] sensible balances between religious liberty and competing state interests.
Post at 902 (O'CONNOR, J., concurring). But the cases we cite have struck "sensible balances" only because they have all applied the general laws, despite the claims for religious exemption. In any event, Justice O'CONNOR mistakes the purpose of our parade: it is not to suggest that courts would necessarily permit harmful exemptions from these laws (though they might), but to suggest that courts would constantly be in the business of determining whether the "severe impact" of various laws on religious practice (to use Justice BLACKMUN's terminology) or the "constitutiona[l] significan[ce]" of the "burden on the particular plaintiffs" (to use Justice O'CONNOR's terminology) suffices to permit us to confer an exemption. It is a parade of horribles because it is horrible to contemplate that federal judges will regularly balance against the importance of general laws the significance of religious practice.


Travel for work is never an excuse to leave your workout gear at home.
After almost a decade of working as a fashion editor or stylist either for fashion magazines like Harper´s Bazaar, or as a freelance stylist for a range of clients or magazines, and now being the travel writer and fashion influencer for the international title ELLE, being on the go has always been a big part of my work and everyday.
Despite having long days on shoots, or locations I'm also a person that swears to a healthy and active lifestyle. I grew up being active in a range of different sports, so keeping fit and having that active lifestyle is definitively one of my core passions. Healthy food supports having energy to my lifestyle, and is also essential whilst travelling as being on the go can take its toll on both my body and immune system. I therefore always pack my trainers and workout gear even if am just going for an overnight work trip. When it comes to food I think it's all about that balance, and I don´t restrict myself. However, since I have been Celiac since I was 17 I always pack my own snack for planes and travels to make sure I have access to gluten free alternatives.
Over the years there has been many long flights, jet lags to beat, as well as waking up in different cultures with strange food whilst having to attend shoots, interviews, events or fashion weeks. However this should never been an excuse to drop your workout or healthy lifestyle.
Before a long flight I always drink heaps of lemon water as well as a green juice to boost my immune system. I also pack raw chocolate, natural almonds, fresh fruits and bliss balls in my hand luggage.
As well as my training gear and trainers, I also pack resistance bands, booty bands and even a skipping rope in my luggage to make sure I can do a workout even if the hotel doesn't have a gym.
Jet lag can be tough when you have to get straight into work on the other side of the world. However when I wake up at 4am in New York I love that most hotels have 24-hour gyms. Use this early wake up to something positive. I like to run on the treadmill, order a coffee whilst I answer emails, and then have an early breakfast. For me exercise helps beat the jet lag.
Travelling for work means eating out a lot. However when it comes to lunch on set it mostly has a salad option, and I also make sure to always provide healthy snacks for the crew and myself. Eating out does not need to be unhealthy; it's all about what you order. Make sure that there are some vegetables with your dish and stay away from deep fried food as well as very salty food. As a vegetarian the dish I choose on the menu will naturally have heaps of vegetables. But you will also find me ordering a vegetarian pizza; it's all about the balance right?
When it comes to exercise working in fashion has taking me to a lot of cities. However with a busy schedule there is no time for sightseeing. Setting my alarm an hour earlier and taking a run through the city is an awesome way to explore a city before it gets busy, as well as fitting that morning run into my schedule.
If I am in cities where it's not safe to run by myself, or the hotel does not have a gym I exercise in the hotel room. 20 minutes with some squats, push-ups and strength exercises with the exercise bands is all you need to work up that sweat. If you are unsure about which exercises to do you can easily look up body strength exercises on You Tube, or subscribe to girls like Kayla Itsines programs.
You don´t need to eat out everyday. Whilst in London and New York you will find me buying up a storm at Whole Foods Market, and enjoying a healthy dinner in my hotel bed. Make sure to locate a good health food store and smoothie/juice place whilst on a work trip.
Cecilie is a travel influencer for ELLE and has worked in fashion and beauty for Harpers Bazaar and Cosmopolitan.


text:
Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss
William C. Kerr, Mark S. Kaplan, Nathalie Huguet, Raul Caetano, Norman Giesbrecht, Bentson H. McFarland
Health Care Sciences
Introduction: Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. Methods: In 2015, National Violent Death Reporting System data from 16 states in 2005-2011 were utilized to calculate suicide rates and a measure of alcohol involvement in suicides at the county level. Panel models with year and state fixed effects included county-level measures of unemployment, foreclosure, and poverty rates. Results: Poverty rates were strongly associated with suicide rates for both genders and all age groups, were positively associated with alcohol involvement in suicides for men aged 45-64 years, and negatively associated for men aged 20-44 years. Foreclosure rates were negatively associated with suicide rates for women and those aged ≥65 years but positively related for those aged 45-64 years. Unemployment rate effects on suicide rates were mediated by poverty rates in all groups. Conclusions: Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021
Poverty Areas
Kerr, W. C., Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., Caetano, R., Giesbrecht, N., & McFarland, B. H. (Accepted/In press). Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021
Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates : Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss. / Kerr, William C.; Kaplan, Mark S.; Huguet, Nathalie; Caetano, Raul; Giesbrecht, Norman; McFarland, Bentson H.
In: American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2016.
Kerr, WC, Kaplan, MS, Huguet, N, Caetano, R, Giesbrecht, N & McFarland, BH 2016, 'Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss', American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021
Kerr WC, Kaplan MS, Huguet N, Caetano R, Giesbrecht N, McFarland BH. Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021
Kerr, William C. ; Kaplan, Mark S. ; Huguet, Nathalie ; Caetano, Raul ; Giesbrecht, Norman ; McFarland, Bentson H. / Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates : Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss. In: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016.
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title = "Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss",
abstract = "Introduction: Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. Methods: In 2015, National Violent Death Reporting System data from 16 states in 2005-2011 were utilized to calculate suicide rates and a measure of alcohol involvement in suicides at the county level. Panel models with year and state fixed effects included county-level measures of unemployment, foreclosure, and poverty rates. Results: Poverty rates were strongly associated with suicide rates for both genders and all age groups, were positively associated with alcohol involvement in suicides for men aged 45-64 years, and negatively associated for men aged 20-44 years. Foreclosure rates were negatively associated with suicide rates for women and those aged ≥65 years but positively related for those aged 45-64 years. Unemployment rate effects on suicide rates were mediated by poverty rates in all groups. Conclusions: Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases.",
author = "Kerr, {William C.} and Kaplan, {Mark S.} and Nathalie Huguet and Raul Caetano and Norman Giesbrecht and McFarland, {Bentson H.}",
doi = "10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021",
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T1 - Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates
T2 - Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss
AU - Kerr, William C.
AU - Kaplan, Mark S.
AU - Huguet, Nathalie
AU - Caetano, Raul
AU - Giesbrecht, Norman
AU - McFarland, Bentson H.
N2 - Introduction: Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. Methods: In 2015, National Violent Death Reporting System data from 16 states in 2005-2011 were utilized to calculate suicide rates and a measure of alcohol involvement in suicides at the county level. Panel models with year and state fixed effects included county-level measures of unemployment, foreclosure, and poverty rates. Results: Poverty rates were strongly associated with suicide rates for both genders and all age groups, were positively associated with alcohol involvement in suicides for men aged 45-64 years, and negatively associated for men aged 20-44 years. Foreclosure rates were negatively associated with suicide rates for women and those aged ≥65 years but positively related for those aged 45-64 years. Unemployment rate effects on suicide rates were mediated by poverty rates in all groups. Conclusions: Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases.
AB - Introduction: Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. Methods: In 2015, National Violent Death Reporting System data from 16 states in 2005-2011 were utilized to calculate suicide rates and a measure of alcohol involvement in suicides at the county level. Panel models with year and state fixed effects included county-level measures of unemployment, foreclosure, and poverty rates. Results: Poverty rates were strongly associated with suicide rates for both genders and all age groups, were positively associated with alcohol involvement in suicides for men aged 45-64 years, and negatively associated for men aged 20-44 years. Foreclosure rates were negatively associated with suicide rates for women and those aged ≥65 years but positively related for those aged 45-64 years. Unemployment rate effects on suicide rates were mediated by poverty rates in all groups. Conclusions: Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases.
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DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021
JO - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021


text:
"Hello Hurricane" by Switchfoot
Hello Switchfoot!
By MusicFan52,
Okay so this album has become one of my favorites. I enjoy this one even more than "The Beautiful Letdown" which I really love. Switchfoot made a wonderful arrangement of songs. "Your Love Is a song" is a really beautiful song. And I love how it goes from a slower, softer song into a hard, rock song. "The sound" and "Bullet Soul" are my favorite songs on this album. All the songs are great, the only song that I don't really care for is "Red Eyes". But other than that this is a great cd and I would recommend it to anyone.
View All Music And Book Reviews By MusicFan52 | View MusicFan52's Profile


There are a number of delivery options available to you as detailed below. One delivery charge is applicable per order regardless of the number of items purchased. Should any delivery be split due to any item(s) being out of stock no additional charges will apply. All orders received before 10 a.m. will be processed on the same day.
Whilst we endeavour to hold sufficient stock to meet your order there may be times when your goods are unavailable for immediate despatch. Garador do not guarantee delivery dates or lead times and cannot be held liable for delays in the shipping of goods.
All delivery charges are a standard charge regardless of carrier, weight or volume of goods. Requests for credits relating to charges which are less than those stated will be declined.
Please note we are unable to offer a collection facility from the factory.
You should expect to receive your order within 3-5 working days provided the items are in stock.
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You should expect to receive your order before 12 noon the following working day (Orders received before 10 a.m. only) provided the items are in stock.


text:
Avika finds cartoons educative (TV Snippets)
Posted by: Admin November 13, 2017	in PR
Mumbai, Nov 13 (IANS) Actress Avika Gor, who plays a law student in "Laado – Veerpur Ki Mardaani", is in favour of children watching cartoons as she finds them educative.
"Children should be permitted to watch cartoons for half an hour or one hour a day. It helps to learn different words, objects and their meanings. Also, cartoons can improve overall cognitive knowledge among us. Cartoons help us to be healthy and prepare us to take up things easily.
"It helps in improving vocabulary and learn new languages. For instance, kids who don't have English as their first language, learn English easily by watching these cartoon films as compared to their teacher and books," Avika said in a statement.
She feels that cartoons give a "safe satisfying entertainment" as compared to other shows which might be "violent or stressful drama".
"I loved watching 'Shin-chan'. Now also, I enjoy it," said the actress, 20.
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Manish Goplani thrilled to play 'macho cop'
Actor Manish Goplani says he is looking forward to essay the role of a "macho cop" for the show "Detective Didi".
"I am really excited to play a macho cop and also shoot at the busy locations in Delhi. It will be adventurous. For the first time, I'm going to experience it. I'm sure it will be a lot of fun," the "Thapki Pyaar Ki" actor said in a statement.
Talking about "Detective Didi", he said: "It is full of entertainment. It has crime, mystery, drama and romance."
'Nawazuddin has changed face of Bollywood'
Casting director Sunil Shakya, who has cast actors for shows like "Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan" and "Ishq Ka Rang Safed", says actor Nawazuddin Siddiqui has changed the face of Bollywood.
"To me, talent matters more than looks. Nawazuddin Siddiqui is a perfect example of great talent. He has changed the face of Bollywood. He has altered the mentality of people that only good looking actors can make a hit film," Shakya said in a statement.
"Hence, if actors can act well then they can definitely take the show to another level," added Shakya, who is working with filmmaker Vikram Bhatt for his upcoming web series.
He also shared that soon he will share screen space with Nawazuddin.
"I'll debut as an actor soon. I will play a role in Nawazuddin's film," he said.
nn/sac
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Skills Canada offers a GIS competition in Ontario and Manitoba to secondary students. Find out how your students can get involved and read about the preparation required for the competition.
If you've been teaching with GIS for at least one year and you have students interested in gaining more knowledge and experience with the technology, then why not register them for the Skills Canada GIS competition?
This is an opportunity for you to show your students the numerous career possibilities they have with GIS. Currently, Ontario and Manitoba are the only provinces in Canada that offer this competition to their students.
Skills Canada is a national, not-for-profit organization that actively promotes careers in skilled trades and technologies to Canadian youth. The competition in Ontario is an opportunity for secondary students to test their classroom GIS skills and gain experience in a professional GIS environment.
Students are challenged to answer a spatial question based on a real-world problem, using ArcGIS for Desktop software tools and data. Each team presents a final poster that includes maps that depict results of analysis steps, written statements and/or diagrams that outline the methodologies they used to come up with their final decision, a written summary of the process and a conclusion.
For the last five years, the Education and Research group has been involved in preparing the question and judging the annual Skills Canada-Ontario GIS competition held in May in Waterloo, Ontario.
Our group also dedicates time to judging and assisting teachers who run their own regional board-wide competitions in Ontario before the final competition in May. Explore past competition questions and find out what's required to run your own regional competition (if you have more than one team in your school board interested in participating). Make sure to submit your requests for judges before February 1.
The GIS competition at Skills Canada-Manitoba is similar in format to the one offered in Ontario. It is held at Red River College in Winnipeg. Past competition questions have included locating an aquaculture farm, high intensity livestock operation, wind towers and flooding.
Figure 1.1: Map posted created by winning team from the Skills Canada - Ontario competition, 2011.
All publicly funded schools in Ontario and Manitoba have access to ArcGIS for Desktop through the Ministry of Education license in each province. If you're new to GIS and would like to incorporate it into your teaching, connect with us at education@esri.ca.
Tutorials are a great way to learn new GIS skills and increase your knowledge of spatial analysis tools.


Is it possible to lower the connect/disconnect notification sounds? I like to turn up my volume for my streams, but when the stream connect and disconnect, it can be disconcerting because the connect/disconnect sound is so loud.
Being able to control the connect/disconnection sound independently from the stream volume would wonderful!


text:
VOTE HERE – PSGE Ratification voting
1. Apr 2018 7:03 am
CLICK HERE TO VOTE on the proposed settlement entity for Ngati Maru (Taranaki)
NGĀTI MARU (TARANAKI) – RATIFICATION OF POST SETTLEMENT GOVERNANCE ENTITY
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Maru is currently in direct negotiations with the Crown for the settlement of the historical claims of Ngāti Maru (Taranaki). Although the Rūnanga is still working towards Deed of Settlement, it seeks to ratify the establishment of its Post Settlement Governance Entity (PSGE), prior to ratifying the Deed of Settlement.
The proposed PSGE is a private trust, named Te Kāhui Maru, which will receive and manage all Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) settlement assets on behalf of the iwi. In order for the PSGE to receive the assets, the iwi must ratify the PSGE through a formal ratification process. We now invite all members of Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) to participate in this process through attending information hui and voting on the following resolution:
I, as a member, of Ngāti Maru, agree that:
Te Kāhui Maru Trust will be the Post Settlement Governance Entity ("PSGE") to receive and manage historical Treaty of Waitangi settlement redress on behalf of Ngāti Maru;
Te Kāhui Maru Trust receive a payment of $15 million on-account of the financial redress amount;
Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Maru will be dissolved by the settlement legislation; and
the assets and liabilities of Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Maru will be vested in the PSGE, Te Kāhui Maru Trust.
Voting packs will be distributed to all registered members of Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) who are over the age of 18. Before the close of voting, the Rūnanga will be holding five information hui open to the iwi.
Information Hui Details
Date Time Location
Sunday 8 April 2018 2.00 pm Te Upoko o Te Whenua Marae, Tarata, Taranaki
Monday 9 April 2018 6.00 pm Morero Marae, Taumarunui
Tuesday 10 April 2018 6.00 pm Sudima Auckland Airport Hotel, Auckland
Wednesday 11 April 2018 6.00 pm Waiwhetu Marae, Lower Hutt, Wellington
Thursday 12 April 2018 6.00 pm Te Pi'ipi'inga Kakano Mai Rangiatea, New Plymouth
You do not need to attend the information hui to vote on the PSGE but we do encourage you to attend in order to discuss the PSGE and ask any questions prior to voting. All registered members of Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) who are over the age of 18 before the close of voting will receive a voting pack in the post. Votes can be cast:
by post (by completing and returning the voting form)
online (using the information on your voting form)
at an information hui (by bringing the voting form and casting it there).
If you are not yet a registered member, you can also vote by contacting the Independent Returning Officer on the free phone Election Hotline 0800 666 029 or iro@electionz.com for a special voting pack. Alternatively, a special voting pack can be obtained at any of the ratification information hui.
Voting opens at 9.00am, Tuesday 3 April 2018 and closes at 5.00pm, Tuesday 1 May 2018.
For more information, including a copy of the Ratification Information Booklet and draft Te Kāhui Maru Trust Deed, please see the Ngāti Maru website www.ngatimaru.co.nz.
If you have any queries about your vote or the voting process, please in the first instance contact the Independent Returning Officer on the free phone Election Hotline 0800 666 029


text:
Wai Kit Ma
"The biggest adjustment was the language. We actually learn English in Hong Kong in school, but we don't have enough practice." –Wai Kit Ma, Ph.D., Biochemistry
When Kit Ma arrived in Pinetop, Arizona as a foreign exchange student for his senior year of high school, "it was nothing like what I imagined," he says. Instead of the desert, he found green forests and a welcoming small town. In his native Hong Kong, students take a high-pressure public exam to determine their college eligibility and choose their major in advance of their admission. Ma had taken the exam in science. He characterized himself as a curious child who "was always wondering, where does the hair grow from – the tip or the root? That's why I picked science." Ma planned to return to Hong Kong for university study, but he would have lost an academic year. Instead, he stayed in the U.S. and studied both chemistry and biology at Northern Arizona University (NAU). He began doing undergraduate research in a biochemistry lab as a second-semester freshman, and his lifelong curiosity prompted him to raise many questions about the research process. The answers came from NAU faculty member Matthew Gage, who holds a Ph.D. from Purdue. Attracted by the comparatively small size of the department – "I enjoy the fact that I can get to know and interact with everyone," Ma says – he came to Purdue in fall 2010. He rotated through four labs his first year before joining the lab of Associate Professor of Biochemistry Beth Tran.
Ma studies the biochemical mechanism of a class of RNA helicases called DEAD-box proteins, which are thought to function in a diverse array of biological processes. His specific goal was to study the biochemical function of S. cerevisiae Dbp2, a largely uncharacterized member of the DEAD-box enzyme family, and to apply a combination of biochemical and molecular biology methods to define its role in the cell. "We know that this class of enzymes are very important to RNA biology, but they're not well understood," he explains.
PUBLICATION AND RECOGNITION
His advisor has helped shape him as a scientist, especially in his research design, presentation, and writing, Ma says. "When I came here, [Dr. Tran] spent a lot of time with me. She was really patient." Ma has since published five papers, two of which are first author publications, and calls Dr. Tran's advising crucial to that process. Based on his scientific achievements and personal qualities, he earned the 2015 AK Balls Award as the department's outstanding graduate student. "Wow, I was honored," he says. If you look back at who has received it, it's very impressive."
Ma successfully defended his thesis Nov. 16 and has secured a postdoctoral appointment at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York beginning in January where he will study RNA splicing with Dr. Adrian Krainer. In the interim, he is returning to Hong Kong for a short visit. Outside of the lab, Ma is an enthusiastic soccer player.


Do you have solid experience working within Quality Assurance, Pharmaceutical Production or Quality Control?
My client are a successful Pharmaceutical manufacturing business based in London, manufacturing a range of medicinal products, with a strong market presence. Due to recent expansion they are looking to hire a Quality Assurance officer who will be responsible for ensuring compliance across daily operations and services requiring Quality Assurance (QA) involvement.
This is an excellent opportunity to join a successful, growing organisation with a strong portfolio of on market products, as well as a promising development pipeline. The role will primarily provide QA support for production activities, but also to Warehousing and Quality Control departments, and ensure that all stages of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) are in full compliance with the principles of Good Practice (GxP) guidelines and other regulatory requirements. You will provide QA support in deposition decisions, and the release of intermediate and finished products through the review of batch documentation, Certificates of Analysis (C of A's) and laboratory testing results. You'll support production Team leaders in achieving GMP compliance excellence, and promote Quality Culture within the business.
This is a Shift Based role and you will be working on a rota that includes weekends and nights. To compensate there is an additional shift payment with the role.
Good knowledge of Quality Control Laboratory techniques, necessary for review.
Good communication skills with the ability to form strong working relationships with stakeholders at all levels across the organisation. You'll need to be approachable and friendly, with the confidence to challenge results and performance when required.
Key Words "QA, Quality Assurance, Pharmaceutical, QC, Quality Control, GMP, QMS, Batch Manufacturing Records, Healthcare, Production, QA Officer"
Please apply online or called Neil Walton on 02030964706 for further information.


My husband and I used to collect rocks when we traveled to different places. When he passed away, I had a LOT of rocks. Most of them have been incorporated into my home and garden in different ways. This is a heart that I made. I used a wire heart shaped frame and covered it with wire mesh and filled it with rocks. I finally found a short shepherd's hook that is strong enough to hold it. I think it looks great in the front garden.
Great idea Betsy. Hope you are enjoying the beautiful spring.
Love this. My father was a geologist and I have lots of rocks!


text:
Animal Justice Applauds Ontario Captive Orca Ban
By January 27, 2015
Animal Justice 514 total views, 0 today
Animal Justice
TORONTO – Animal Justice Canada Legislative Fund is applauding a groundbreaking announcement today by Community Safety Minister Yasir Naqvi that Ontario will ban captivity for orcas. In doing so, Ontario becomes the first Canadian province to join a growing list of countries that have said no to keeping orcas in captivity. This list comprises at least 14 countries, including Switzerland and India, and the state of South Carolina. New York and California are currently debating legislation that would ban orca captivity.
"This is a recognition that confining orcas in tiny tanks for our own entertainment is inhumane and no longer acceptable," said Camille Labchuk, Director of Legal Advocacy for Animal Justice. "Captive orcas are deprived of the ability to perform important behaviours in a natural environment, including swimming long distances, socializing with family members, and hunting for food."
"We welcome protection for orcas, but are concerned that the ban does not extend to all species of whales and dolphins. Other cetaceans are just as sensitive and intelligent as killer whales, and they also deserve freedom, not tanks."
Ontario will also introduce new standards of care for marine mammals in captivity that it promises will be "the best in the world." Unfortunately, the announcement does not appear to include licensing for aquariums or zoos. According to media reports, a new, voluntary registry for zoos and aquariums has only seen only 35 of the 62 zoos and aquariums in Ontario sign up.
"Animal Justice urges the province to license zoos and aquariums instead of maintaining a voluntary registry. Only a stringent licensing process will protect animal welfare and provide the oversight and transparency the public expects of facilities that keep animals."


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Q: Running a javascript function based on statechange Following the answer in this stackoverflow question, I am trying to run the following code. But the myfunction takes only one google visualization event. So Is the following code is valid? Or how to handle multiple statechange google visualization events in a single function?
var categoryPicker1, categoryPicker2;
function drawVisualization() {
  // etc.
  categoryPicker1 = // etc...

  categoryPicker2 = // etc...

  // Register to hear state changes.
  google.visualization.events.addListener(categoryPicker1, 'statechange', myfunction);
  google.visualization.events.addListener(categoryPicker2, 'statechange', myfunction);

  // etc.
}

function myfunction() {
  var whereClauses = [];
if (categorypicker1) {
    whereClauses.push("something1 = '" + document.getElementsByClassName('goog-inline-block goog-menu-button-caption')[0].innerHTML + "'")
}
if (categorypicker2) {
    whereClauses.push("something2 = '" + document.getElementsByClassName('goog-inline-block goog-menu-button-caption')[1].innerHTML + "'")
}
whereClause = whereClauses.join(" AND ");

// do something....
}

A: Not really clear from your question, but I assume you're building the SQL query to your database from the selected items in the CategoryPicker. Despite being an EXTREMELY bad/dangerous thing to do (building SQL client side, and sending it to a server), this should be possible by just grabbing the selectedItems from your CategoryPicker, and joining them with " AND ". Like:
values = categoryPicker1.getState().selectedValues;
values = values.concat(categoryPicker2.getState().selectedValues);
var args = values.map(function(_) { return "'" + _ + "'"; });
console.log(args.join(" AND "));

I wouldn't do this if I were you. I would pass the arguments up to the server, and remap them there (after appropriately filtering them, etc). Again this is very dangerous.

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