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Robert Fay
Writer, Critic & Book Podcaster
Category: Book Review
Anxiety & The Writing Life
Post author By Robert Fay
1 Comment on Anxiety & The Writing Life
When I decided to write about Tim Parks' new essay collection Life and Work: Writers, Readers, and the Conversations between Them, I didn't intend to write about panic attacks, anxiety and the emotional toll of the writing life, but these themes curiously bubbled up to the surface. I was also writing it for The Millions, which unlike the Los Angeles Review of Books, for example, avoids straight-up reviews, forcing me to look for interesting themes across Parks' divergent essays. One of his pieces focused on Samuel Beckett–no stranger to anxiety himself–and this led me to Anthony Cronin's fine Beckett biography, which helped give me some additional material.
Photo by TANAZE
The piece is titled "The Writer is Not Here: On Nihilism and the Writing Life," and I can also say that when I was reading Parks' collection, I was finishing my own novel and experiencing a certain amount of anxiety in the process. Not anxiety in the career sense (i.e., have I written a good book?), but at the level of raw nerves, of scratching at emotional wounds, of going deep.
The essay was well received. It has been mentioned in The Paris Review Daily, 3 Quarks Daily, and also in The Rumpus. I suppose the topic is not unfamiliar to writers who "go deep" on a regular basis.
Tags anxiety, panic attacks, Samuel Beckett, The Millions, Tim Parks, writing life
Japanese Novelist Hideo Furukawa & Fukushima
I recently wrote a review of Hideo Furukawa's new novel Horses, Horses, in the End the Light Remains Pure: A Tale That Begins with Fukushima for The Quarterly Conversation. Furukawa is a native of Fukushima and his memoir-like novel recounts elements of his journey back to Fukushima in the wake of the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown that stunned the country in March of 2011.
I was in the city of Fukushima in May of 2011 visiting a friend, and there were great concerns about radiation and the long-term health effects of the nuclear disaster. And while I saw massive cracks in buildings, the city itself was spared the terrors of the tsunami because of its distance from the coast.
My review has some background on Furukawa. His is a writer we will be hearing more about in the West as his work becomes translated and more widely available. In addition to reading Horses, you can also get an interesting and novelistic take on the events in Fukushima by reading William T. Vollmann's Byliner book on his trip there, or his long form piece in Harper's.
Tags Fukushima, Hideo Furukawa, Horses, Japan, The Quarterly Conversation, William T. Vollmann
My Review of "Feast of Excess"
Carl Solomon, Patti Smith, Allen Ginsberg and William S. Burroughs (Creative Commons License)
I recently reviewed the book Feast of Excess: A Cultural History of the New Sensibility for the Los Angeles Review of Books. The book surveys 22 years of American cultural history (1952 to 1974) and looks at a range of artists, including Allen Ginsberg, John Cage, Thomas Pynchon, Marlon Brando, Jerry Lee Lewis, Andy Warhol, Anne Sexton, Gore Vidal, and many others. The New Sensibility was first defined by Susan Sontag in the mid-1960s.
Tags Feast of Excess, George Cotkin, New Sensibility, Robert Fay, Susan Sontag
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© 2023 Robert Fay


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Where to find soccer leagues and competitions on US TV and streaming
Here's the definitive list of who has the rights to which soccer leagues and competitions on US television and streaming for the 2019/20 season.
Note that these are the rights for the United States only. All links below are to the legal rights-holders.
EUROPEAN LEAGUES AND COMPETITIONS
English-language TV: Of the 340 annual Champions League and Europa League matches that Turner acquired — games that have become a midweek afternoon staple for American fans — viewers can watch many of the games on TNT each season. All of them will be streamed on the Bleacher Report streaming service. For more details, read our how to watch the Champions League guide. (See Champions League TV schedule).
English-language streaming: Games are streamed via paid subscription service B/R Live (aka Bleacher Report Live). Pricing ranges from $2.99/game, $9.99/month or $79.99/year. Of those games that are televised on TNT, you can stream those games via fuboTV, Hulu Live, Sling TV, AT&T TV Now and Watch TNT app. (See Champions League TV schedule).
For soccer fans in Canada, you can watch the Champions League exclusively on DAZN.
Spanish-language TV: Games are shown across Univision, TUDN (previously known as Univision Deportes Network) and UniMas. (See Champions League TV schedule).
Spanish-language streaming: You can stream games via fuboTV, which streams all of the Univision channels and offers a free 7-day trial. (See Champions League TV schedule).
Women's Champions League: Select games from smaller continental European clubs are shown via mycujoo. But it appears that the other games are available on a club-by-club basis. Unfortunately, the vast majority of them are not available to viewers in the United States. Select PSG games are available via beIN SPORTS.
English-language TV: Only one Europa League game all season are on television, and that'll be the final. The Europa League final will air on TNT. Every single other game will only be available via streaming through B/R Live (aka Bleacher Report Live). For more details, read our how to watch the Europa League guide. (See Europa League TV schedule).
English-language streaming: Games are available exclusively through B/R Live except for the final which will be on TV. (See Europa League TV schedule).
Spanish-language TV: Games are shown across Univision, TUDN and UniMas. (See Europa League TV schedule).
Spanish-language streaming: Univision hasn't announced any streaming details yet, but fuboTV streams all of the Univision channels and offers a free 7-day trial so you can stream all of the games through them. (See Europa League TV schedule).
TV and streaming: Turner Sports, Bleacher Report, Univision and TUDN (previously known as Univision Deportes Network) have the TV and streaming rights to the game. Featuring Liverpool against Chelsea, the UEFA Super Cup will be played on Wednesday, August 14 on TNT, Univision, TUDN, fuboTV and Sling TV, Hulu Live and B/R Live
Premier League: For the 2019/20 season, Premier League games will be televised across NBC, NBCSN and CNBC. Those games are also streamed live via the NBC Sports App (authentication required), which is also available through fuboTV (subscription required), Hulu Live (subscription required), AT&T TV Now (subscription required) and Sling Blue (subscription required). New for the 2019/20 season, if you're used to watching Premier League matches on-demand via the NBC Sports App, that option will no longer be available. Full match replays will only be available online to NBC Sports Gold subscribers, thus forcing NBCSN subscribers to pay an additional $64.99 per season for the right to access games on-demand digitally that were available last season at no extra cost. Additionally, NBC Sports has launched a brand-new Premier League MatchDay Pass option, which is available for $39.99/season. The service will only allow subscribers to access the 140 live Premier League games that are not televised. For more details, read our how to watch Premier League guide. (See Premier League TV schedule).
Championship: None of the games are televised. Average of 3-5 games are streamed live on ESPN+ each weekend. Many clubs in Championship stream their home and away games through a service called iFollow (check if your club subscribes to the service but some clubs stream their games independently). Note that any games shown on ESPN+ are not available via iFollow or club's independent streaming service. For more details, read our how to watch Championship guide. (See Championship TV schedule).
League One: Select League One games are shown on ESPN+ throughout the season. The schedule is pretty sporadic for League One games, so a better bet may be to subscribe to your club's home and away games through a service called iFollow (check if your club subscribes to the service but some clubs stream their games independently). Note that any games shown on ESPN+ are not available via iFollow or club's independent streaming service.
League Two: Same as above.
FA Cup: ESPN+ has acquired the FA Cup rights through 2020/21. The agreement will bring 79 FA Cup matches – beginning with the First Round in November and running through the Final – exclusively to ESPN+. (See FA Cup TV schedule).
League Cup (aka Carabao Cup): Beginning in August, six matches per month are streamed via ESPN+. (See League Cup TV schedule).
FA Community Shield: Streamed live on ESPN+ every early August.
FA Women's Super League: The FA have launched The FA Player, which provides free access to FA Women's Super League games online.
FA Women's Championship: The FA have launched The FA Player, which provides free access to one match live from each round of the competition.
LaLiga: For the 2019/20 LaLiga season, beIN SPORTS continues to have the rights to one of the best leagues in the world. Spanish-language broadcasts are available via beIN SPORTS en Español, while English-language broadcasts of games are on beIN SPORTS. Most of the games are on television, but those that aren't are on beIN SPORTS Connect — ensuring that you can watch every single game through the beIN SPORTS networks. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino. For more details, read our how to watch LaLiga guide (See LaLiga TV schedule).
Copa del Rey: ESPN+ will stream up to 65 games per season, including the final.
Supercopa de España: Also known as Spanish Supercopa, the game is on ESPN Deportes and ESPN3.
Bundesliga: Games in English-language are televised across FOX, FS1, FS2 and FOX Soccer Plus. FOX Soccer Match Pass streams every game for $19.99/month. Select games in Spanish-language are televised across TUDN and UniMas. With fuboTV, you can watch all of the games that are shown across the FOX and Univision networks. For more details, read our how to watch Bundesliga guide. (See Bundesliga TV schedule).
2. Bundesliga: FOX Soccer Match Pass streams every game for $19.99/month.
DFB Pokal: For the German Cup, the tournament is available via ESPN3 on ESPN2 and ESPN Deportes.
Ligue 1: beIN SPORTS has the rights to the French top-flight league. Spanish-language broadcasts are available via beIN SPORTS en Español, while English-language broadcasts of games are on beIN SPORTS. Some of the games are on television (mostly featuring Paris Saint-Germain), but the majority of matches are on beIN SPORTS Connect — ensuring that you can watch every single game through the beIN SPORTS networks. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino. For more details, read our how to watch Ligue 1 guide. (See Ligue 1 TV schedule).
Coupe de France: The 2019/20 Coupe de France cup competition are televised on beIN SPORTS Connect. Select games will also be shown on beIN SPORTS and/or beIN SPORTS en Español. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
Coupe de la Ligue: The 2019/20 Coupe de la Ligue is televised on beIN SPORTS Connect. Select games will also be shown on beIN SPORTS and/or beIN SPORTS en Español. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
French Super Cup: The cup final is shown on beIN SPORTS en Espanol, fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
Serie A: ESPN+ will stream an average of nine matches live each week (more than 340 matches in total) from August through May, while ESPN networks will televise a Serie A Match of the Week on ESPN, ESPN2 or ESPNEWS, while some 40 matches will also be televised in Spanish on ESPN Deportes. Italian-language broadcasts of Serie A matches are available via RAI International (available via DISH and Sling Italian). For more details, read our how to watch Serie A guide. (See Serie A TV schedule).
Serie B: Select games are streamed live and on-demand via DAZN.
Coppa Italia: Coppa Italia kicks off in late July/early August and usually concludes in May/June. Games are streamed via ESPN+
Supercoppa Italiana: Scheduled for January 16, 2019, the game will be played between Juventus and Milan. Game will be televised on ESPN2 (English-language) and ESPN Deportes (Spanish-language).
Primeira Liga: Select games are shown across GolTV. You can stream GolTV and GolTV en Español via fuboTV and Fanatiz. (See Primeira Liga TV schedule).
Fanatiz is offering an exclusive deal to readers of World Soccer Talk where you can get 50% off Fanatiz for the first 3 months of service so you lock in the $4/month deal.
To get the 50% discount, visit the Fanatiz website (the offer is not available via the app) and then enter coupon code wstfz2 at checkout to get your savings.
Taça de Portugal: RTP Internacional has the rights to the tournament through 2020, which is streamed via fuboTV
Super Taca: RTP Internacional has the rights to the final, which is streamed via fuboTV
Scottish Premiership: An average of 2–3 matches per round streamed via B/R Live. (See Scottish Premiership TV schedule).
Scottish FA Cup: ESPN+ will stream Scottish Cup matches from the 4th Round onwards.
Scottish League Cup: B/R Live will stream approximately 10 matches this season.
Scottish Challenge Cup: Approximately 5 matches streamed via B/R Live.
Eredivisie: Games are streamed via ESPN+. Each season, ESPN+ (ESPN's paid subscription service) will stream 102 regular season Eredivisie matches (three per week, August through May). (See Eredivisie streaming schedule).
KNVB Cup: Select games are shown across GolTV. You can stream GolTV and GolTV en Español via fuboTV. (See Eredvisie TV schedule).
Turkish Süper Lig: Select games are shown on television (typically two per week) on beIN SPORTS and/or beIN SPORTS en Español. Select games are streamed via beIN SPORTS Connect (authentication required). beIN SPORTS Connect is also available via fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
Erste Liga: Games streamed on Laola.tv.
Belgium First Division A (Jupiler League): Games streamed on B/R Live. Includes rights to Belgium Super Cup.
Danish Superliga: Approximately 36 matches (one per week) will be streamed on ESPN+.
Veikkausliiga: Debutants FloFC will stream games from the Finnish league.
Greek league: Select matches on Ant.-1 Sat & SuperSport.
Hungarian league: Select matches on M4 Sport.
Russian Premier League: Available in the United States exclusively via YouTube.
Russian Cup: Not available in the United States.
Polish league: All matches on Ekstraklasa.
Polish Cup: Games streamed via paid subscription service B/R Live.
Allsvenskan: ESPN+ will stream 30 matches (one per week) April through November.
Swedish Cup: Select knockout round matches streamed via B/R Live.
Swiss Cup: Games streamed via paid subscription service B/R Live.
SOUTH AMERICAN LEAGUES AND COMPETITIONS
Copa America: For the 2019 Copa America hosted in Brazil, Spanish-language rights are on Telemundo. English-rights and Portuguese-language games are on ESPN+. From Telemundo Deportes, games are shown across Telemundo and Universo. Games are streamed via Telemundo Deportes en Vivo (authentication required), which is also available through fuboTV (free trial). Start your 7-day free trial to ESPN+. Games played from June 14-July 7, 2019.
Copa Libertadores: beIN SPORTS and beIN SPORTS en Español have the English-language and Spanish-language rights until the end of 2022, which is also available through fuboTV and Fanatiz (free trial). (See Copa Libertadores schedule).
Copa Sudamericana: beIN SPORTS and beIN SPORTS en Español have the English-language and Spanish-language rights until the end of 2022, which is also available through fuboTV and Fanatiz (free trial). (See Copa Libertadores schedule).
Recopa Sudamericana: beIN SPORTS and beIN SPORTS en Español have the English-language and Spanish-language rights until the end of 2022, which is also available through fuboTV and Fanatiz (free trial). (See Copa Libertadores schedule).
Superliga Argentina: The top flight league in Argentina features games shown across TyC Sports (which is streamable through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Vidgo). Plus other games streamed through Fanatiz. (See Superliga Argentina TV schedule).
Copa Argentina: Games are shown across TyC Sports, which is streamable through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Vidgo
Campeonato Paulista A1: Games are no longer be available on GolTV. Select games are available on Premiere FC, which is available on streaming via Sling Brazil (free trial).
Copa do Brasil: The Brazilian cup competition is available via FOX Soccer Plus, which can be streamed via fuboTV.
Liga Chilena (aka Chile Primera): Games are available via the streaming service Estadio CF (in Spanish).
Copa Chile: Games are available via the streaming service Estadio CF (in Spanish).
Categoría Primera A: Games are available exclusively via the streaming service Fanatiz. Also, select games are shown on RCN Nuestra Tele channel.
Liga FPD: Select games are shown on the Centroamérica TV channel.
Primera A: Games are televised on GolTV. You can stream GolTV via fuboTV and Fanatiz.
Salvadoran Primera División: Select games are shown on the Centroamérica TV channel.
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional: Select games are shown on the Centroamérica TV channel.
Peruvian Primera División: Televised by Perú Magico, which is available via DIRECTV.
Primera Division: Games are televised on GolTV. You can stream GolTV via fuboTV and Fanatiz.
Primera División: Games are televised on GolTV. You can stream GolTV via fuboTV.
División de Fútbol Profesional: Games are streamed exclusively via fut-bo.com.
NORTH AMERICAN LEAGUES AND COMPETITIONS
Liga MX: Home games featuring Club Tijuana (aka Xolos) and Monterrey televised in English-language via FOX Sports (FS1 or FS2) and regional FOX Sports networks (where available). Spanish-language broadcasts of those home games are on FOX Deportes. For the home games of all of the other clubs in Liga MX, the games are shown in Spanish-language across Univision, TUDN and/or UniMas. Select games will also be shown on ESPN Deportes. Random Liga MX games from Univision streamed live on Twitter from time to time. For more details, read our how to watch Liga MX guide. (See Liga MX TV schedule).
With fuboTV, you can watch all of the games that are shown across the FOX and Univision networks.
MLS: ESPN+ ($5/month) streams the entire MLS LIVE out-of-market schedule with more than 250 games in 2019, as well as the local-market home for the Chicago Fire, exclusively bringing 23 Fire matches to fans in Chicago. Select games from FOX are streamed on FOX Soccer Match Pass and FOX Sports GO streaming services. For more details, read our how to watch MLS guide. (See MLS TV schedule).
Games available via TV nationwide are featured on Univision (typically on Sundays) and 1-2 games per weekend on ESPN or ESPN2 plus 1-2 games per weekend on FS1. With fuboTV, you can watch all of the games that are shown across the FOX and Univision networks. Sling Orange streams ESPN games.
NWSL: Select NWSL games will be available on ESPNEWS and ESPN2 (see TV schedule). All other NWSL's 2019 regular season matches will be streamed via Yahoo Sports.
USL: ESPN+ will stream approximately 450 USL matches this season. ESPN+ is a paid-subscription service ($5/month).
Canadian Premier League: CPL and Canadian Championship games available via One Soccer.
International Champions Cup: ESPN and ESPN Deportes will each televise 15 matches per year in the U.S., while ESPN+ will exclusively show up to 10 live games in both English and Spanish during the summer. The agreement grants ESPN exclusive English and Spanish-language rights to a total of 25 matches, including the annual ICC tournament and various club friendlies, each summer in the U.S. through 2021. You can stream the games via a 7-day free trial to Sling Orange. (See International Champions Cup TV schedule).
Copa MX: Select games available via FOX Deportes, TUDN, Galavision and ESPN Deportes.
CONCACAF Champions League: For the 2020 season, select games are shown across TUDN in Spanish. In English-language, none of the US-based broadcasters have shown any interest in broadcasting the competition. Last season, games were streamed live on the Yahoo Sports app on iOS and Google Play, as well as at YahooSports.com.
CONCACAF League: CONCACAF League determines qualification for the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League. It takes place from July 30 through November 26, 2019. Games will stream live in English language on Yahoo Sports.
US Open Cup: All games from the First Round are streamed exclusively on ESPN+
Ascenso MX: Games are televised across GolTV and ESPN Deportes. You can stream GolTV via fuboTV, Fanatiz and ESPN Deportes via Sling Orange.
REST OF THE WORLD LEAGUES AND COMPETITIONS
Chinese Super League: Games are streamed via ESPN+ from March to November through 2020/21.
Indian Super League: ESPN+ will stream 60 matches (five per week).
J-League: Games are streamed via DAZN. Pronounced "Da Zone," it's a paid streaming subscription service ($19.99/month).
A-League: Games are streamed via ESPN+.
CAF Champions League: Games are televised on beIN SPORTS and beIN SPORTS en Español, and streamed via beIN SPORTS Connect. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
CAF Confederation Cup: Games are televised on beIN SPORTS and beIN SPORTS en Español, and streamed via beIN SPORTS Connect. You can stream beIN SPORTS, beIN SPORTS en Español and beIN SPORTS Connect through fuboTV, Fanatiz and Sling Latino.
Women's World Cup: The 2019 Women's World Cup, hosted in France, are televised live across the FOX, FS1 and FS2 networks in English-language and Telemundo/Universo networks in Spanish. With fuboTV, you can watch all of the games that are shown across the FOX and Telemundo networks.
UEFA Nations League: Over 100 live matches from the newly created tournament are shown live. Thirty six games are shown on either ESPN, ESPN2 or ESPN3. Many of the games are streamed via ESPN+ (paid subscription service; $5/month). To access the games shown on ESPN, ESPN2 or ESPN3, you can watch those via the Sling Orange streaming service.
Gold Cup: Next tournament will be played in the summer of 2021. English-language broadcasts are available on FOX Sports, while Univision has the rights to the Spanish-language broadcasts. With fuboTV, you can watch all of the games that are shown across the FOX and Univision networks. (See Gold Cup TV schedule).
CONCACAF Nations League: Games streamed via FloFC.com except for US Men's National Team games which are on FOX Sports and ESPN2.
Asian Cup: Games are streamed via DAZN
AFC Champions League: No broadcaster has signed up for the rights to air the competition, as of press time.
AFF Suzuki Cup: Streamed via B/R Live.
Other services that stream soccer
Check out YipTV, YouTube TV (no beIN SPORTS) and AT&T TV Now.
Did we miss anything? If so, let us know in the comments section below. The soccer TV rights/streaming business is always changing, so we'll update this page throughout the season when changes do occur.
View our comprehensive guides to watching the following leagues:
• Where to find your favorite soccer leagues on US TV and streaming (in graphics)
• Channels broadcasting soccer leagues in United States (in graphics)
• Comparison of top streaming services
Bond August 1, 2018
Some of those channels are also available through DirecTV Now (not just FuboTV and Sling).
Christopher Harris August 1, 2018
Indeed. DIRECTV NOW is mentioned in the article as well as YouTube TV and others.
Juan August 1, 2018
What is the quality of TyC and GolTV on fubotv and DirecTV Now, respectively? I read somewhere that the DirecTV Now spanish package has the same quality (SD for TyC and GolTV) for the channels as if you were getting DirecTV through the traditional way.
will August 4, 2018
TYC and Goltv on DirectvNOW are 1080p 60fps. They look great on my apple tv. On fubo, they both are 1080p but at 30fps. The difference is quite clear. Throw in bein spanish at 1080 60fps on directvnow as well and you have a good service.
A. Rivas August 1, 2018
On Sling you can watch leagues from El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica on the Centroamérica TV channel. The league from Colombia is on RCN Nuestra Tele channel. All these games are broadcast in Spanish.
Shawn August 1, 2018
On B/R live service, replays are offered of the past weeks games (Apple TV) However, the score is shown on the icon making it useless
NaBUru38 August 1, 2018
Hello, I suggest you to add this page to the "TV" menu of the top bar.
Scott August 1, 2018
Do you need to be subscribed to a cable/satellite provider in order to get a subscription to ESPN+?
No. ESPN+ is completely separate. With ESPN+, you're not able to access programming from ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, ESPN3 and other ESPN channels.
Thanks Chris. Now the wait to see where Serie A ends up.
Jevon Francis August 1, 2018
Man its so sad we as fans are getting , ripped off having to buy these different streaming services if we want to watch these competition, i for one i m getting frustrated by this.
Les August 3, 2018
You can get Globo and PFC on Sling tv's Brazilian package
MrTuktoyaktuk August 4, 2018
Eleven Sports on FuboTV seems to have a small but growing smattering of soccer and rugby along with a variety of other sports, but not sure if those are full rights deals or just rebroadcast rights. Seems like they are picking up rights for events or limited tournaments rather than full seasons.
Curious to see what ends up on DAZN, they seem to be growing rapidly too.
So far, DAZN just has J-League and it looks like they'll be adding more Asian football, but they have big aspirations.
I agree about Eleven Sports. It'll be interesting to see what they pick up, if anything, after season starts. Right now, it's mostly preseason friendlies.
Felix August 4, 2018
So no more Serie a on beIN sports for next season
WL August 19, 2018
Can we watch EPL in Tactical Camera View?
If yes, how can we watch it
Christopher Harris August 19, 2018
Usually you can see it for the big Premier League games on the NBC Sports App via nbcsports.com/live
Andres August 31, 2018
African Cup of Nations info?
We believe that beIN SPORTS still has the rights to it.
John August 31, 2018
Thank you for a good guide. I used to live without tv for a long time and this was the biggest issue.
Boss September 15, 2018
A year after Fox aired 146 Champions League games and 205 Europa League games across three separate 1080HD channels (FS1, FS2, and FSN), Turner (who owns TNT and Fake News CNN) will air just 46 games total for both competitions. This is a complete disaster for English speaking soccer fans in the USA!!!
Over the last 15 years, ESPN and more recently FOX Sports broadcast virtually all Premier League team games in the Champions League and Europa League across three separate 1080HD channels (FS1,FS2 and FSN)…
Americans who speak ENGLISH and those who follow the Premier League are now screwed…
Greedy Turner Broadcasting wants to blackmail Americans in to paying more $$$$ via a subscription fee to watch games on the crap internet instead!!!
In week one, Premier League teams are almost completely eliminated from US English TV broadcasts… Of the SIX EPL teams competing in Europe on week 1, only Liverpool will be braodcast on TNT. The rest are on the web or on some obscure non-HD Spanish language network!!!!!!!!!
To make matters even worse TNT has the nerve to feature Spanish teams Barcelona and Real Madrid on English Language network TNT, while the popular Premier League teams are relegated to the web or Spanish TV networks that most US viewers do not receive anyway.
JP September 15, 2018
Poor thing, you might have to stream a group stage match vs a non marquee opponent. Welcome to how everyone else has been treated over the years (group stage on ESPN3).
Just be thankful your precious EPL is on NBCSN and multiple matches a weekend on free NBC. Try being a Serie A fan needing ESPN+ to watch or La Liga and the carriage issues with beIN. You won't find much sympathy here, although I do wish Turner would've used more of their properties to air more matches on TV rather than online.
AJ February 8, 2019
CONCACAF Champions League is not goin to be on English TV this year? SMH. Any news about anywhere to stream English in the US?
Carlos March 12, 2019
How many J League games does DAZN USA actually air weekly? I can't seem to find this information.
Christopher Harris March 13, 2019
we discuss it in the Listener Mailbag section at http://worldsoccertalk.com/podcasts/mls-tv-ratings-arent-growing-world-soccer-talk-podcast/
I believe the answer is 2 games every weekend.
Kristjan March 18, 2019
Any TV info on EURO 2020 qualifying in the US?
Coming up later today or tomorrow on the homepage.
If you want to watch the Brazilian leagues, then your best bet is to get TeleUp. They offer Globo and PFC for $15 each or $23 together. They also have an app for all devices, and they're in HD, which isn't the case on Sling. A startup company called Fanfoot had supposedly bought the rights for the 2019 Brasileirao. Their website no longer exists, and details seem sketchy. Seems like the league might not have a US broadcaster this season which is too bad (although still better than Gol TV.
Leo June 30, 2019
Are 2 Bundesliga games on fox soccer match pass available in English, German or just with a stadium sound?
Christopher Harris June 30, 2019
Available with English-language commentary.
Thanks for the answer. Are all games available with English commentary? Or just selected games
All games.
Leo July 1, 2019
Thanks for the answer. In one of the podcasts, you discussed the possible future broadcasters of la liga and bundesliga.
Is it possible that there will be a new player from another sector of the market? For example in Russia this year there was an interesting story. The country's main sports channel has lost its EPL rights, losing to a service that was previously known as a service for watching movies and TV shows. The sports channel offered a low price of only 5000000. This sounded logical because they now have no competitors in the sports TV market. However, the new service offered 7000000 and won, although they do not have a contract with a TV provider and they do not even plan to expand into the TV market. I look at the EPL Broadcasters List and I can see that in several countries the situation is similar to what I described for Russia. Speaking of access to every home. This service is associated with the main bank of the country. Two thirds are paid through this bank. The bank plans to make online tv as a bonus in its up.
Is it possible that services like Netflix will be interested in acquiring the rights to broadcast top leagues?
Flofc will broadcast a lot of friendly games, especially the British teams. B / R will show all the friendly games of Liverpool, not just those in the states. Is it true that goltv lost the Uruguayan league?
I subscribed to Fox soccer match pass, there is an opportunity to subscribe for 7 days for free. I checked the 2 Bundesliga matches and they are still broadcast with the sound of the stadium. I just want to clarify for those people who read the previous comments. At the end of the day everything is ok. It was free 7 days and I didn't lose anything.
Collin October 30, 2019
I doubt anyone cares, but the Armenian football federation YouTube live-streams all the games. Also just he kpfl live-streams all the Kazakh league games. Dinamo Kyiv live-streams most of their games to their YouTube channel also
Tim November 14, 2019
Is the Westfield W League available in the US for 2019/2020 Season? Doesn't seem to be on ESPN Plus anymore…
Christopher Harris November 14, 2019
ESPN+ shows select games. For example, here's Sunday's game and two next week:
Sunday, midnight ET, Sydney FC vs. Melbourne Victory
Thursday, 3:30am ET, Brisbane Roar vs. Melbourne Victory
Friday, 1am ET, Western Sydney Wanderers vs. Newcastle Jets
Fsquid November 15, 2019
Anyone know who has the rights for the Beach Soccer World Cup?
As of right now, it's Universo with Spanish-language broadcasts of all of the games.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home > IJESAB > Vol. 9 > Iss. 9 (2021)
Heart Rate Variability and Plank Exergaming with an Always-Superior Partner
M Daeche, Drexel University
M Bruneau Jr., Drexel University
S Samendinger, Farmingdale State College
Click the PDF icon to download the abstract
Daeche, M; Bruneau, M Jr.; and Samendinger, S (2021) "Heart Rate Variability and Plank Exergaming with an Always-Superior Partner," International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings: Vol. 9 : Iss. 9 , Article 57.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol9/iss9/57
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text:
Wyoming lawmakers reject Medicaid expansion effort
Wyoming News February 17, 2020
CHEYENNE, Wyo. (AP) – Wyoming lawmakers have rejected the second effort to expand Medicaid in five days.
The Casper Star-Tribune reported Friday that the Republican state Rep. Pat Sweeney filed a bill Wednesday to amend the state constitution, but it did not receive two-thirds of the House and Senate vote.
The House voted 40-16 against the proposal to expand Medicaid and include those making 138% of the federal poverty line, or about $36,000 a year.
Officials say the bill's rejection follows the House vote to kill a separate bill that would have allowed Gov. Mark Gordon to study expansion and then decide whether to move forward with it.
Source: Casper (Wyo.) Star-Tribune


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SONOMA, Calif. (AP) - Outside one of the first shops to reopen for business on an empty central square in California wine country, clerk Rhiannon Lorenzini swept the sidewalks as the sky cleared of ash more than a week after the state's deadliest group of wildfires ignited.
In a wine region that normally draws more annual visitors than Disney World, Lorenzini waved to some of the few passers-by: firefighters in firetrucks rolling through Sonoma's normally thronged 19th-century plaza. The blazes have left many business owners and employees without work or pay for nine days.
"I'm really grateful to be back at work, safe. And praying to have business here," Lorenzini said, as authorities began to lift evacuation orders this week and a utility restored power to more of the area, where fires have killed at least 41 people and destroyed thousands of homes and businesses.
"I do have bills coming up that I have to pay," said Lorenzini, who works at a home-goods store targeting visitors flocking to the more than 1,000 wineries in Sonoma and Napa counties. "You start to wonder how you're going to take care of yourself."
The fires up-ended business across wine country, forcing evacuations at some of the biggest employers, ranging from a sprawling state center for the disabled to department stores, hotels and wineries, shops and factories. Business communities were just returning Tuesday to assess the effect on revenue and jobs.
Wine tourism companies said customers were canceling almost all scheduled visits. Some businesses launched fundraisers for employees facing the prospect of long-term unemployment, including those who lost homes to the fires.
"It is hard to imagine that any significant level of tourism will resume anytime soon, despite that this is a magnificent time of year to be here," tour operator Don Rickard said.
California produces 85 percent of the country's wine, and Sonoma and Napa valleys make the highest-value bottles, according to the state's Wine Institute trade group. The valleys, linked by ridges now riddled with wildfires, provide the bulk of the state's 325,000 wine industry jobs and $58 billion in business for California alone, the group said.
Normally, the vineyards and wineries draw tens of millions of visitors each year and help support fast-growing communities on the edge of the San Francisco Bay Area.
For many teachers, store clerks and vineyard workers, however, costs are always high in the region with some of the most expensive housing in the country. The research group CoreLogic said median sale prices of a single-family home were $562,000 in Napa County and $577,000 in Sonoma County in August.
Francisco Macias, a landscaper in the city of Santa Rosa whose clients included a now-burned Hilton hotel, fled the fires last week. In the following days, Macias and his wife made the hard decision not to pay their mortgage when it came due.
"We figured we better have some money because we don't know what's going to happen," Macias said. "We didn't know how long it would be before we could work."
Unlike earthquakes that unleash destruction in seconds, the wildfires are dragging on, compounding worries for residents. In conversation, people talk first of their flight from their homes but increasingly turn to nagging thoughts of unpaid bills.
Adam Plasse, 18, of Santa Rosa, took day after day off from the garage where he works as an auto mechanic, forfeiting pay to try to defend his century-old house from the flames.
"I feel like I'm living in a matchbox, just waiting for it to ignite," said Plasse, who gave up the fight Saturday and fled with his girlfriend to a campsite on the coast.
With money dwindling, Plasse vowed to head back to work this week and drum up customers for the auto shop, even if his home burned to the ground in the meantime.
"I'm worried," Plasse said. "I can't miss too many paychecks."
Outside Sonoma, vintner Steve Larson pleaded with officials Monday to open one road so his workers could harvest, even as helicopters dropped water on the countryside nearby.
"I've got 100 tons of Cabernet grapes" ready for picking, Larson said. "That amounts to a lot of money for the company and for the 115 workers we have."
The fires were going to produce a painful "chain reaction" for people in the wine region, Larson predicted.
"We've been short housing as it is," he said. With thousands of homes burned, "where are these people going to stay, when there is no place to stay?
"They have bills to pay, they need gas for their cars, food on the table," Larson said.
By the fires' second week, winds that were lighter than feared and round-the-clock efforts by thousands of firefighters allowed authorities to start lifting closures that had kept out 100,000 residents and countless visitors.
Macias, the landscaper, got the call he had been waiting for. His bosses told him to show up for work Tuesday.
"That is the best news," he said. "Because we need the money."
This story has been corrected to reflect that the Wine Institute says there are 325,000 wine-related jobs in California, not 325 million jobs.


text:
INTERWORKING PROCEDURE WITH EXTERNAL NETWORK IN WIRELESS LAN AND MESSAGE FORMAT FOR THE SAME
Provided are an interworking procedure with an external network in a WLAN, a station supporting the interworking procedure, and a message format for the interworking procedure. In the interworking procedure, a non-AP station transmits a request message which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information. And the non-AP station receives from an access point (AP) a response message including zero or more emergency call numbers in response to the request message.
Kim, Eunkyo (Seoul, KR)
Huh, Jiyoung (Seoul, KR)
Lee, Jae Young (Seoul, KR)
LG Electronics Inc.
370/338, 455/404.1
H04M11/04; H04W4/90
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20020176405 Cost control in a SIP based network November, 2002 Aijala
20070121915 Telephone number management equipment and telephone number conversion method May, 2007 Fujita
20030039340 Adaptive instant messaging February, 2003 Deshpande et al.
Dave Stephenson et al., "Multiple SSID Support", doc: IEEE 802.11-06/1472r2, January 15, 2007
HUYNH, NAM TRUNG
LEE, HONG, DEGERMAN, KANG & WAIMEY (LOS ANGELES, CA, US)
1. An interworking procedure for a non-AP station in wireless local access network, the interworking procedure comprising: transmitting a request message which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information; and receiving from an access point (AP) a response message including zero or more emergency call numbers.
2. The interworking procedure according to claim 1, wherein the request message is a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame and the response message is a GAS initial response frame.
3. The interworking procedure according to claim 2, wherein the GAS initial request frame includes a dialog token, an advertisement protocol information element containing the advertisement protocol ID, and a query request element containing the native query information ID.
4. The interworking procedure according to claim 3, wherein the GAS initial response frame includes a dialog token whose value is identical to the dialog token in the GAS initial request frame, an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol, and a query response element containing the one or more emergency call numbers.
5. The interworking procedure according to claim 4, wherein the query response element comprises a native query protocol information element which includes an information ID field set to a value indicating an emergency call number information, a status code field set to a value indicating "successful", and one or more emergency call number units containing the one or more emergency call numbers.
6. The interworking procedure according to claim 2, wherein the GAS initial request frame is a public action frame whose action field is set to a value indicating GAS initial request and the GAS initial response frame is a public action frame whose action field is set to a value indicating GAS initial response.
7. The interworking procedure according to claim 1, wherein the emergency call numbers are data locally configured in the AP.
8. An interworking procedure for an Access Point (AP) in wireless local access network, the interworking procedure comprising: receiving from a non-AP station a request message which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information; and transmitting a response message including zero or more emergency call numbers to the non-AP station.
9. The interworking procedure according to claim 8, wherein the request message is a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame and the response message is a GAS initial response frame, wherein the GAS initial request frame includes a dialog token, an advertisement protocol information element containing the advertisement protocol ID, and a query request element containing the native query information ID, and wherein the GAS initial response frame includes a dialog token whose value is identical to the dialog token in the GAS initial request frame, an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol, and a query response element containing one or more emergency call numbers.
10. The interworking procedure according to claim 9, wherein the query response element comprises a native query protocol information element which includes an information ID field set to a value indicating an emergency call number information, a status code field set to a value indicating "successful", and one or more emergency call number units containing the one or more emergency call numbers, and wherein the GAS initial response frame is transmitted if the query request in the GAS initial request frame corresponds to information that has been configured on the AP.
11. The interworking procedure according to claim 9, wherein if the query request in the GAS initial request frame corresponds to that has not been configured on the AP, the GAS initial response frame includes a dialog token whose value is identical to the dialog token in the GAS initial request frame, a status code set to "request information not configured", and an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol, and a query response element set to a value of '0'.
12. The interworking procedure according to claim 8, wherein the response message is transmitted without proxying the request message to a server in a Distribution System (DS) or external network.
13. A method for constructing a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) initial request frame which is used for interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the GAS initial request frame comprising: a category field which is set to a value indicating a public action frame; an action field which is set to a value indicating a GAS initial request action; a dialog token field which is set by a requesting station for identifying the exchange of the GAS initial request frame and a GAS initial response frame in response to the GAS initial request frame; an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol; and a query request field containing a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information.
14. A method for constructing a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) initial response frame which is used for interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the GAS initial response frame comprising: a category field which is set to a value indicating a public action frame; an action field which is set to a value indicating a GAS initial response action; a dialog token field which is set to a value identical to a corresponding GAS initial request frame; an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol; and a query response field containing an emergency call number element.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the emergency call number element comprises; an information ID field which is set to a value indicating emergency call number information; a status code field which is set to a value indicating "successful"; and one or more emergency call number units each of which comprises an emergency call numbers' length subfield and an emergency call numbers subfield, wherein the emergency call numbers' length subfield indicating the length of the emergency call numbers subfield and the emergency call numbers subfield containing the emergency call digits that are supported at the network.
16. A non-Access Point (AP) station for supporting interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the non-AP station comprising: a processor configured to generate and process frames; and a transceiver operably connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive the frames for the processor, wherein the processor is configured to generate a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information and to forward the GAS initial request frame to the transceiver, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit the GAS initial request frame and is also configured to receive from an AP a GAS initial response frame including one or more emergency call numbers in response to the GAS initial request frame and forward the received GAS initial response frame to the processor, and wherein the processor is also configured to process the GAS initial response frame.
17. An Access Point (AP) for supporting interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the AP comprising: a processor configured to generate and process frames; and a transceiver operably connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive the frames for the processor, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive from a non-AP station a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information and to forward the GAS initial request frame to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to process the GAS initial request frame and is also configured to generate an AP a GAS initial response frame including one or more emergency call numbers in response to the GAS initial request frame and forward the received GAS initial response frame to the processor, and wherein the transceiver is also configured to transmit the GAS initial response frame to the non-AP station.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0067203 filed on Jul. 4, 2007 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
The present invention relates to a wireless local access network (WLAN), and more particularly, to an interworking procedure with an external network in a WLAN, a station supporting the interworking procedure, and a message format for the interworking procedure.
With the development of information communication technology, a variety of wireless communication technology has been developed. A WLAN permits wireless access to intra network and/or Internet in specific service areas such as home or companies or air planes by the use of portable terminals such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop computer, and a portable multimedia player (PMP) on the basis of radio telecommunication technology.
These days, thanks to the increased availability of WLANs, portable terminal users such as laptop computer users are able to perform their tasks with increased mobility. For example, a user can take his laptop computer from his desk into a conference room to attend a meeting, still have access to his local network to retrieve data, and have access to the Internet via one or more modems or gateways present on the local network without being tethered by a wired connection. Similarly, business travelers commonly use their portable terminals to gain access to their email accounts, to check if there is any unread email, and to read and send email.
In the initial WLAN technology, a data rate of 1 to 2 Mbps was supported by the use of frequency hopping, spread spectrum, and infrared communication using a frequency of 2.4 GHz in accordance with the IEEE 802.11. In recent years, with the development of the wireless communication technology, 54 Mbps in maximum can be supported by applying the orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) technology, etc. to the WLAN. In addition, the IEEE 802.11 has developed or is developing wireless communication technologies for improvement in quality of service (QoS), compatibility of an access point (AP) protocol, security enhancement, radio measurement or radio resource measurement, wireless access in vehicular environment, fast roaming, mesh network, inter-working with external networks, wireless network management, and the like.
On the other hands, the IEEE 802.11u standard which is a kind of WLAN standards describes an interworking service in the WLANs. The main purpose of the interworking service is to permit the transmission of information from an external network for WLAN users, to help selection of connection networks, and to enable an emergency service. The IEEE 802.11u standard prescribes medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols necessary for accomplishing the main purpose.
As described above, a purpose of the interworking service is to provide an emergency service using the WLANs. The emergency service can be provided using various methods, one of which is to give an emergency call to an emergency service center such as a fire station or an emergency room when in an emergency.
A user should know information for identifying the emergency service center, for example, an emergency call number, to give an emergency call to the emergency service center. When the user does have no idea of the emergency call number, the emergency call number should be stored in the terminal for enabling the emergency call to the emergency service center.
However, the emergency call number may be set different depending on countries or local areas of a country. For example, the Korean emergency call number used in an emergency such as fires or emergent situations is "119", the American emergency call number is "911", "44444" is used in fires and "118" is used for an ambulance in Italy, and the British emergency call number is "999". Even in the same country, the call numbers of emergency service centers for fires, accidents, medical emergencies may be different depending on local areas.
As described above, the emergency call numbers may be different depending on countries and/or local areas. Accordingly, in order to give an emergency call to an emergency service center using a WLAN terminal, a user and/or the terminal has to know an emergency call number of an external network connectable to a base station to which the terminal is to be coupled or is coupled. However, since it is not actually possible to store all the emergency call numbers different depending on the countries and/or the local areas in the terminal or the user's memory, base stations need to inform the terminal of the emergency call numbers. Particularly, it is further necessary to provide the emergency call numbers to terminals in a roaming state connected to a visited network.
A technical goal of the invention is to provide an interworking procedure with an external network, which can provide the emergency call number of the external network to a terminal in a WLAN, a station supporting the interworking procedure, and a message format for the interworking procedure.
Another technical goal of the invention is to provide an interworking procedure with an external network, which can provide the emergency call number to a terminal without allowing any base station to transmit a query or request to a distribution system or a server of the external network, a station supporting the interworking procedure, and a message format for the interworking procedure.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an interworking procedure for a non-AP station in wireless local access network, the interworking procedure comprising: transmitting a request message which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information; and receiving from an access point (AP) a response message including zero or more emergency call numbers.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an interworking procedure for an Access Point (AP) in wireless local access network, the interworking procedure comprising: receiving from a non-AP station a request message which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information; and transmitting a response message including zero or more emergency call numbers to the non-AP station.
According to further another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for constructing a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) initial request frame which is used for interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the GAS initial request frame comprising: a category field which is set to a value indicating a public action frame; an action field which is set to a value indicating a GAS initial request action; a dialog token field which is set by a requesting station for identifying the exchange of the GAS initial request frame and a GAS initial response frame in response to the GAS initial request frame; an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol; and a query request field containing a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information.
According to still further another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for constructing a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) initial response frame which is used for interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the GAS initial response frame comprising: a category field which is set to a value indicating a public action frame; an action field which is set to a value indicating a GAS initial response action; a dialog token field which is set to a value identical to a corresponding GAS initial request frame; an advertisement protocol information element containing an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol; and a query response field containing an emergency call number element.
According to still further another aspect of the invention, there is provided a non-Access Point (AP) station for supporting interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the non-AP station comprising: a processor configured to generate and process frames; and a transceiver operably connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive the frames for the processor, wherein the processor is configured to generate a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information and to forward the GAS initial request frame to the transceiver, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit the GAS initial request frame and is also configured to receive from an AP a GAS initial response frame including one or more emergency call numbers in response to the GAS initial request frame and forward the received GAS initial response frame to the processor, and wherein the processor is also configured to process the GAS initial response frame.
According to still further another aspect of the invention, there is provided an Access Point (AP) for supporting interworking procedure in wireless local access network, the AP comprising: a processor configured to generate and process frames; and a transceiver operably connected to the processor and configured to transmit and receive the frames for the processor, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive from a non-AP station a generic advertisement service (GAS) initial request frame which includes an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating emergency call number information and to forward the GAS initial request frame to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to process the GAS initial request frame and is also configured to generate an AP a GAS initial response frame including one or more emergency call numbers in response to the GAS initial request frame and forward the received GAS initial response frame to the processor, and wherein the transceiver is also configured to transmit the GAS initial response frame to the non-AP station.
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an IEEE 802.11 interworking architecture including a WLAN system to which embodiments of the invention is applicable.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a flow of messages in an interworking procedure with an external network according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a format of a GAS initial request frame according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a format of an advertisement protocol information element shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a format of an advertisement protocol tuple field shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a format of a GAS initial response frame according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a format of an emergency call number information element included in a query response field shown in FIG. 6.
The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art. In embodiments and the drawings, respective elements are denoted by designation numerals for convenience.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an IEEE 802.11 interworking architecture including a WLAN system to which an interworking procedure according to an embodiment of the invention is applicable. An interworking service is defined in the IEEE 802.11u standard. The main purpose of the interworking service is to permit transmission of information from an external network, to help selection of a network, and to permit an emergency service. The IEEE 802.11u standard prescribes all protocols therefor, for example, an interworking interface. In the interworking service, a terminal as a non-AP STA can access services provided from the external network depending on subscription or other characteristics of the external network.
Referring to FIG. 1, an interwork-capable access point (AP) in a wireless system can interwork with the external network using a logical interworking interface. The external network is symbolically shown as an SSPN (Subscription Service Provider Network) in FIG. 1 but the specific configuration thereof does not relate to the embodiments of the invention. The external network is connected to access points via the interworking interface and AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) & data connection. The interworking interface goes transparently through a portal and an IEEE 802.xLAN.
The WLAN system includes one or more basic service sets (BSS). The BSS is a set of stations (STA) communicating with each other in successful synchronization, and is not a concept indicating a specific area. The BSS can be classified into an infrastructure BSS and an independent BSS (IBSS). The infrastructure BSS (BSS1 and BSS2) includes one or more STAs (STA1, STA3, and STA4), an access point (AP) which is an STA providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) connecting plural APs (AP1 and AP2) one another. On the other hand, the IBSS does not include an AP and thus all the STAs are mobile stations (STA6, STA7, and STA8). The IBSS does not permit the access to the DS so as to constitute a self-contained network. The embodiments of the invention relate to the infrastructure BSS.
A collection of BSSs in which a set of reachable networks defined by their service set identifiers (SSID) and services provided by those networks available at any BSS are available at all BSSs is a homogenous extended service set identifier (HESSID). All the BSSs identified by the HESSID must also be in the same mobility domain, if one BSS is defined.
A STA is a functional unit including a medium access control (MAC) interface and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard, and includes both APs and non-AP STAs in a wide meaning. A portable terminal operated by a user is a non-AP STA (STA1, STA3, STA4, STA6, STA7, and STA8). Simply, a STA may mean a non-AP STA. The non-AP STA may be called a wireless transmitting/receiving unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a portable terminal, or a mobile subscriber unit.
The AP (AP1 and AP2) is a functional entity providing access to the DS via a wireless medium for the associated stations. A communication between the non-AP STAs in the infrastructure BSS is made through the AP in principle, but the non-AP STAs may communicate directly with each other when a direct link is set up therebetween. The AP may be called a convergence controller, a base station (BS), a node-B, a base transceiver system (BTS), or a site controller, in addition to the tile of an access point.
Plural infrastructure BSSs can be connected to each other through the DS. The plural BSSs connected through the DS are called an extended service set (ESS). The STAs in the same ESS can communicate with each other and the non-AP STAs can move from one BSS to another BSS while communicating without any interception.
The DS is a system for allowing an AP to communicate with another AP. Accordingly, the AP can transmit a frame for the STAs associated with the BSS managed by the AP, forward a frame when a STA moves to another BSS, or forward a frame to an external network such as a wired network. The DS is not limited in type as long as it can provide a predetermined distribution service defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard, and thus may construct networks various types and/or characteristics.
For example, the DS may be a wireless network such as a mesh network or a physical structure (wired network) for connecting the APs to each other. In the wireless DS, for example, in the mesh network in accordance with the IEEE 802.11s, the end-to-end delay or the throughput may be remarkably deteriorated in comparison with a wired network. However, the wireless network can be installed in a more flexible structure in a space where it is difficult to install a wired network. Regardless of the wired network or the wireless network, the DSs may have predetermined differences in data transmission rate or bandwidth depending on the performance or characteristics thereof, and may be different from each other in connection to an external network such as the Internet.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a flow of messages in an interworking procedure with an external network according to an embodiment of the invention. This embodiment provides a procedure of allowing a terminal to acquire an emergency call number of an emergency service center used in a specific local area from a base station so as to support an emergency service from an external network. The emergency service center may be a public safety answering point (PSAP) of the local area or a default emergency call center of the local area.
Referring to FIG. 2, an active scanning procedure (S10 and S20) of transmitting and receiving a probe request frame and a probe response frame between a terminal (non-AP STA) and a base station (AP) is first performed and a generic advertisement service (GAS) procedure (S30 and S40) is then performed. The active scanning procedure (S10 and S20) shown in FIG. 2 is an example of a preliminary procedure of a generic advertisement service procedure (S30 and S40). Although not shown in the drawing, the preliminary procedure of the generic service procedure (S30 and S40) may include only a scanning procedure and an authentication procedure, or may further include an association procedure and/or a re-association procedure in addition. Accordingly, according to the embodiment of the invention, the generic advertisement service procedure (S30 and S40) can be performed between a terminal (non-AP STA) and a base station (AP) having completed or not having completed the association procedure or the re-association procedure.
In general, the scanning procedure means a procedure of scanning candidate APs with which a non-AP STA associates in the association procedure or the re-association procedure. The scanning procedure can be classified into two types. One type is a passive scanning method using a beacon frame periodically transmitted from an AP. In this type, a non-AP STA intending to access a WLAN can receive a beacon frame periodically transmitted from an AP managing the corresponding BSS and find out an accessible BSS.
The other type is an active scanning method shown in steps S10 and S20 of FIG. 2. In this type, a non-AP STA intending to access a WLAN first transmits a probe request frame (S10). Then, an AP having received the probe request frame transmits a probe response frame including information such as a service set ID (SSID) of the BSS managed by the AP and capability supported by the AP to the non-AP STA (S20). Accordingly, the non-AP STA can know the presence of a candidate AP and a variety of information on the candidate AP.
When the non-AP STA and/or the AP are devices supporting an interworking service, the beacon frame, the probe request frame, and/or the probe response frame transmitted in the scanning procedure can include an interworking information element. The interworking information element serves to provide information on the interworking service capability of the non-AP STA or the AP.
The beacon frame or the probe response frame transmitted by the AP can include an advertisement protocol information element. The advertisement protocol information element is transmitted, when the AP supports the interworking service and one or more generic advertisement service targets are defined. The advertisement protocol information element includes a specific advertisement protocol and information for identifying the corresponding advertisement control. In addition, the advertisement protocol information element can include an advertisement protocol ID that can be supported by the AP.
The authentication procedure is a procedure of negotiating an authentication method and an encoding method between entities participating in the wireless communication. For example, a non-AP STA can perform the authentication procedure with a desired AP of one or more APs found out in the scanning procedure (S10 and S20). Since a WLAN mainly uses an open system authentication method, the AP performs the authentication procedure without any condition in response to an authentication request from the non-AP STA. An example of a reinforced authentication method includes EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security) based on IEEE 802.1x, EAP-TTLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Tunneled Transport Layer Security), EAP-FAST (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling), and PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol)
When the authentication procedure has been successfully performed, the non-AP STA can perform the association procedure with the AP. The association procedure is to set an identifiable connection, that is, a wireless link, between the non-AP STA and the AP. In the association procedure, the non-AP STA transmits an association request frame to the AP having successfully performed the authentication procedure. The AP transmits an association response frame having a state value of "successful" to the non-AP STA in response to the association request frame. The association response frame includes an identifier, for example, an association ID (AID), for identifying the association with a specific non-AP STA.
When the association procedure has been successfully completed but the connection state between the non-AP STA and the AP deteriorates due to a variable channel state, the non-AP STA can perform the association procedure with another AP having a good channel state again, which is called a re-association procedure. This re-association procedure is considerably similar to the above-mentioned association procedure. More specifically, in the re-association procedure, the non-AP STA transmits a re-association request frame to an AP (for example, an AP having successfully completed the authentication procedure among the candidate APs found out in the scanning procedure (S10 and S20)) other than the AP currently associated therewith. The AP transmits a re-association response frame to the non-AP STA. However, the re-association response frame additionally includes information on the previously associated AP. The AP to be re-associated can transmit data buffered in the previously associated AP to the non-AP STA by the use of the information.
Subsequently, referring to FIG. 2, the PSAP used in the corresponding local area or the non-AP STA intending to acquire the emergency call number of the default emergency service center performs a native GAS procedure with the AP (S30 and S40). The native GAS procedure is based on a native GAS protocol used for the non-AP STA to find out services supported by the AP.
More specifically, first, the non-AP STA transmits a request message, for example, a GAS initial request frame, for requesting for the emergency call number to the AP (S30). The GAS initial request message may be a message including an advertisement protocol ID set to a value indicating a native query protocol and a native query information ID set to a value indicating the emergency call number, but is not limited to the message.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a format of a GAS initial request frame according to the embodiment of the invention. The GAS initial request frame is a public action frame. The public action frame means a frame defined for a communication or a generic advertisement service between the BSSs or between an AP and a non-AP STA not associated with the AP. An example of the public action frame includes a GAS initial request frame, a GAS initial response frame, a GAS comeback request frame, and a GAS comeback response frame.
Referring to FIG. 3, the GAS initial request frame includes a category field, an action field, a dialog token field, an advertisement protocol information element field, a query request length field, and query request field.
The category field is set to a value indicating a public action frame. The action field is set to a value indicating a GAS initial request action. The dialog token field is set to a value selected by the non-AP STA transmitting the GAS initial request frame and serves to identify the exchange of the GAS initial request frame and a GAS initial response frame corresponding thereto.
The advertisement protocol information element includes information for identifying a particular advertisement protocol and its corresponding advertisement control. An example of a format of the advertisement protocol information is shown in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 4, the advertisement protocol information element includes an element ID field, a length field, and N (where N is a natural number) advertisement protocol tuple fields (advertisement protocol tuple #1, advertisement protocol tuple #2, . . . , and advertisement protocol tuple #N).
The element ID field is set to a value indicating the advertisement protocol information element. The length field is set to a value indicating the sum of lengths of the subsequent N advertisement protocol tuple fields. Each advertisement protocol tuple field includes a delivery method subfield, a query response length limit subfield, and/or an advertisement protocol ID subfield, a format of which is shown in FIG. 5.
The delivery method subfield is set to a value indicating a method of allowing an AP to transmit a frame of an advertisement protocol specified in the advertisement protocol ID subfield. For example, when the delivery method subfield is set to "1", it means to transmit a frame using a multicast method. When the delivery method subfield is set to "0", it means to transmit a frame using a unicast method. The query response length limit subfield is set to a value indicating the maximum length of information to be transmitted along with the query response field included in one or more GAS comeback response frames.
The advertisement protocol ID subfield is set to a value indicating a native query protocol. The native query protocol is a mechanism used for a non-AP STA to query the AP so as to acquire data prepared locally. That is, when there is a query from the non-AP STA, the AP does not refer the query to a server of a distribution system (DS) or an external network, but responses to the query at once.
Referring to FIG. 3, the query request length field is set to a value indicating the total length of information included in the subsequent query request field. The query request field is a GAS query and is formatted in accordance with the protocol specified in the advertisement protocol information element. According to this embodiment, the query request field is set to an ID value indicating the emergency call number information.
Referring to FIG. 2, the AP transmits a GAS initial response frame to the non-AP STA as a requesting terminal in response to the received GAS initial request frame (S40). The GAS initial response frame may include one or more emergency call numbers or may not include any emergency call number. When the query request of the GAS initial request frame corresponds to the information prepared in the AP, that is, when the emergency call number is stored in the AP, the GAS initial response frame includes one or more emergency call numbers. On the contrary, when the query request of the GAS initial request frame does not correspond to the information prepared in the AP, that is, when an emergency call number is not stored in the AP, the GAS initial response frame does not include any emergency call number.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a format of the GAS initial request frame according to the embodiment of the invention. As described above, the GAS initial response frame is a kind of public action frame. Referring to FIG. 6, the GAS initial response frame includes a category field, an action field, a dialog token field, a status code field, a GAS query ID field, a GAS group address field, a GAS comeback delay field, an advertisement protocol information element, a query response length field, and a query response field.
The category field is set to a value indicating a public action frame. The action field is set to a value indicating a GAS initial response action. The dialog token field is set to a value indicating equal to the value set in the corresponding GAS initial request frame, that is, the received GAS initial request frame.
The status code field is set to a value indicating the response result to the request and the like. When the query request of the GAS initial request frame corresponds to the information prepared in the AP and the GAS initial response frame includes the requested information (for example, emergency call number), the status code field is set to a value indicating "successful." On the contrary, when the query request of the GAS initial request frame does not correspond to the information prepared in the AP and the GAS initial response frame does not include the requested information (for example, emergency call number), the status code field is set to a value indicating "request info not configured." An example of the value set in the status code field is defined in subsection 7.3.1.9 of the IEEE P802.11-REVma/D9.0 standard (revision of IEEE Std 802.11-1999).
The GAS query ID field is set to a value indicating the query executed on behalf of the non-AP STA. In this embodiment, the GAS query ID field is set to "0". The GAS group address field is set to a value indicating a multicast group address when the response to the query uses the multicast method, and is set to "0" when the response to the query uses the unicast method. The GAS comeback delay field is to specify a delay time.
The advertisement protocol information element includes information for identifying a particular advertisement protocol and its corresponding advertisement control. Since the format of the advertisement protocol information element is described above with reference to FIG. 4, detailed description thereof is omitted. The query response length field is set to a value indicating the total length of the information included in the subsequent query response field.
The query response field is a generic container, the value of which is the response to a GAS query, and is formatted in accordance with the protocol specified in the Advertisement Protocol information element. In this embodiment, the query response field includes the emergency call number information element. The emergency call number information element serves to provide a list of public safety answering points (PSAP) or default emergency call centers. The format of the emergency call number information element is shown in FIG. 7.
Referring to FIG. 7, the emergency call number information element includes an information ID length field, a status code field, and M (where M is a natural number) emergency call number units (emergency call number unit #1, emergency call number unit #2, . . . , and emergency call number unit #M). The information ID field is set to a value indicating the emergency call number information. The length field is set to a value indicating the total length of the subsequent fields. The status code field is set to a value indicating one of meanings shown in Table 1.
No outstanding GAS request
GAS Query Protocol(s) not supported
GAS Response not received from the server in the DS or external
AP timed out waiting for GAS Query Response from the server in the
DS or external network
GAS Query Response larger than permitted per configured AP policy
Advertisement server in the network is not currently reachable
Requested information is not configured for this BSSID
Request refused due to permissions received via SSPN interface
Each emergency call number unit includes an emergency call number length subfield and an emergency call number subfield. The emergency call number length subfield is set to a value indicating the length of the emergency call number subfield. The emergency call number subfield is set to a value indicating emergency call digits supported by the corresponding network.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another format of the GAS initial response frame according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 8, the GAS initial response frame includes an element ID field 100 indicating that the corresponding message is a generic advertisement service response message, a length field 110 indicating the lengths of the subsequent fields, a field 120 including an advertisement protocol information element, and a response information field 130.
The response information field 130 includes an element ID subfield 131 indicating a response information field, a length subfield 132 indicating the lengths of the subsequent fields, and a native information element subfield 133. The number of native information element subfields 133 may be two or more. In this case, plural information elements of the same kind may be included in the native information element subfields 133.
On the other hand, as described above, an emergency call number list element indicating emergency call information is included in one of the native information element subfields or the corresponding native information element subfield. The emergency call number may be a telephone number or an URI.
The emergency call number list element includes an information ID subfield 133a indicating the emergency call number list element, a length subfield 133b indicating the lengths of the subsequent subfields, and a status code subfield 133c indicating a status for advertising terminals of the emergency call number list. A field 133d indicating the length of emergency number #1 and a field 133e indicating emergency call number #1 are subsequent.
The field 133d indicating the emergency call number length and the field 133e indicating the emergency call number form a pair. When the number of emergency call numbers is one, only one field indicating the emergency call number length and only one field indicating the emergency call number are included. When the AP transmits plural emergency call numbers to the non-AP STA, plural fields 133f and 133h indicating the lengths of emergency call numbers #2 to #n and plural fields 133g and 133i indicating the emergency call numbers #2 to #n are included.
The embodiments described above in detail are only examples explaining the technical spirit of the invention and it should be understood that the technical spirit is not limited to the embodiments. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
According to an embodiment of the invention described above, even before a terminal (station) is associated with a WLAN through a base station (access point), the terminal can request the base station for the emergency call number to be supported by the network. When receiving the request from the terminal, the base station can provide one or more emergency call numbers to the terminal. Accordingly, even before association, a user can know the call numbers of the emergency service centers provided from the network or can store the call numbers in the terminal as needed. In an emergency, the user can try to give an emergency call using the call numbers.
In this case, the emergency call numbers may be data previously configured in the base station. Accordingly, even when receiving the request for an emergency call number from the terminal, the base station can provide the emergency call number to the terminal without particularly communicating with a distribution system or a server of an external network.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Previous Patent: Providing Routing Information to an Answering Point of an Emergency Services Network
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text:
Leftlake
Leftlake china clay pits sit on Ugborough Moor, north of Three Barrows, right beside the Two Moors Way path that leads to Redlake. Like nearby Redlake this was a china clay works, the pit of which is now filled with water, there are a number of buildings to the west of the lake, there's a bridge which would have carried the Puffing Billy railway and there's also a small spoil heap. Its a fantastic place, remote and quiet.
Buildings at Leftlake, the spoil heap behind to the left
On the Two Moors Way or as it would have been the Puffing Billy railway, the lake to the right and spoil heap left
Three Barrows behind the railways bridge and lake


We're pleased to announce the latest update to the Field Service and Project Service Automation applications for Dynamics 365. This release includes improvements to quality, performance, and usability, and is based on your feedback and requests.
This release is compatible with Dynamics 365 9.1.x. To update to this release, visit the Admin Center for Dynamics 365 online, solutions page to install the update. For details, refer to How to Install, Update a Preferred Solution.
Enabled the ability to upgrade from previous versions of Field Service to Field Service version 8.
Unblocked Inventory Journals to allow the manual creation scenario of "Manual" type Inventory Journals to open up user adjustment and integration driven scenarios that requirement adjustment of Inventory.
Enhanced Incident Types to enable the creation of Incident Types that require multiple resources by adding an Incident Type Requirement Group record.
Enhanced Agreements to support creation of Agreement Booking Setups which require multiple resources by associating an Incident Type that carries a Requirement Group Template.
Enabled initial Field Service crew uptake scenario where Crew bookings related to a work order auto automatically set to cascade and accept crew changes to ensure that a crew leader can drive the whole crew's bookings.
Improved UI to provide user information about background processes delaying visibility of sub-records after work order creation with primary incident type.
Fixed: Retail and signed tool won't run in some machines.
Fixed: Work Order Service Task – 'Mark Complete' sub-grid button is failing.
Fixed: Invoice Paid and Cancel Invoice ribbon commands throws business process error for FS invoices in a non-admin Role.
Fixed: 'Change' button on the Geo Code dialog is disabled if either latitude or longitude gets auto corrected with an address.


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Are taxis about to become extinct like the typewriter and VCR?
The answer is 'yes' if you believe the big city mayors of Atlanta and New Orleans, but it will first have to endure a heavyweight fight from the all-powerful taxi lobby.
The Uber is bringing the fight to the taxi industry in major cities across the country and may cause the demise of the taxicab industry which has monopolized the mobile transportation industry for over a hundred years.
I think they're going to fight a 15 round fight, and I think that Uber's going to win. And the taxicab industry is going to have to change and get more flexible.
But in the interim, they're going to flat out fight it out, and mayors are going to be in the middle of it, because the taxicab industry is so old and staid and never had real competition, and now it's being forced to innovate.
Uber has a real challenge. Uber has to maintain the level of quality that made Uber the brand it is today. And I think that at this point in the life cycle of that business, and that space, they haven't had time to go out there and do five years and seven years and eight years to see, is your Uber experience the same. Because I had one the other day that was pretty close to a cab. So they're going to have to fight that out. I know that I'm going to get a mean letter, Uber.
We're having the battle with Uber right now in the city of New Orleans. As we speak, our city council is being the host of the battle with the taxi cab industry. I think at the end of the day Uber is going to win. I think that their technology model is superior. I think their political skills need some work, if I might.
I think at the end of the day, there will be some resolution that's going to be more in favor of Uber than not. Although it does take a little bit of time — you saw this in New York — transforming a regulatory scheme that has been in place for however many years — is not as easy as just coming in and asking the mayor to change it.
It actually is going to be a 15 round fight. And it's going to take time to work out, hopefully sooner rather than later. But that debate will be held. One of the issues … we want to make sure that people are riding in safe spaces. We told the cab industry you've got to have cars that are not older than, the national average is three years, we kind of kicked it up a little bit in New Orleans and allowed it to be seven. But we told them, your cabs have to be clean, and you've got to work it. But it is a forceful fight, and our city council is full of people on Uber's side, people on the cabs' side, and it's a battle.
Mayor Reed of Atlanta expects the fight to get as dirty as a close presidential race and will include ruthless mud-slinging.
"I want you to know it can get really real. It's not as easy as it looks," Reed added.
Someone who can attest to the power and influence of the taxi industry is a city executive from the place where taxis are used more than in any other American city: New York.
The taxi cab industry is powerful in lots of ways. Lots of ways. Anybody who tries to make changes in a city runs up against them," said Janette Sadik-Khan, former commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation. "I think they don't like bike lanes, they don't like bus lanes, they don't like plazas, they don't like Uber, you name it, they don't like it. In fact, I think if anybody knew who I was, like a cabbie, I'd be (gestures as if hit by a car) dead.
Uber cars, as the three attest, will be a permanent part of the transportation landscape. How much of the market these interlopers will have in the future remains to be scene.


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