text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

A canonical quantum theory for the gravitational field is performed starting from an Hamiltonian formulation, hence from the definition of a space-time splitting. A criticism to this approach is that it is based on the identification of a time-like vector field; but it is expected that, once the geometry has been quantized, only a probabilistic response can be given for a vector to be time-like or space-like. A physical way to introduce a space-time splitting of the space-time is to include in the dynamics a real fluid. By virtue of the matter-time dualism \cite{BK95,MM04}, the introduction of matter provides a solution to the time-problem in Quantum Gravity \cite{I92}.
Here the link between the identification of a reference and the appearance of a matter term is investigated from the point of view of Lagrangian symmetries. In particular, we are going to discuss the dynamical implications of the covariance principle when it is restricted to a synchronous frame of reference. The Hamiltonian constraints will be inferred, showing how fixing the reference leads to the materialization of a dust-like contribution. Finally, the description of a generic cosmological model will be given, together with the picture of a quantum to classical transition for the adopted evolutionary approach.

\section{Dynamics of the gravitational field in a synchronous reference}

A synchronous (gaussian) reference frame is characterized by a metric tensor having the following fixed components $g_{00} = 1$ and $g_{0i} = 0$
($i=1,2,3$), as soon as a 3+1 splitting $y^\mu=y^\mu(t,x^i)$ of the full space-time manifold is performed. This feature implies $N = 1$ and $N^i = 0$ for the lapse function and for the shift vector, respectively, in the ADM formalism.
It can be shown that the synchronous character is preserved by the following set of restricted coordinate transformations
\cite{KL63},

\begin{equation}
t^{\prime } = t + \xi(x^l)\,,
\quad
x^{i^{\prime }} = x^i
+ \partial _j\xi \int h^{ij}dt + \phi ^i(x^l)
\, , \label{srp3bis}
\end{equation}

$\xi$ and $\phi^i$ being three generic space functions.

By restricting the invariance requirement for the Lagrangian, one finds the following set of constraints, replacing the super-Hamiltonian and the super-momentum ones,

\begin{equation}
H^* \equiv H - \mathcal{E}(x^l) = 0,\qquad H_i = 0,
\label{srp16}
\end{equation}

$\mathcal{E}$ being a scalar density of weight $1/2$, hence it can be written as $\mathcal{E}\equiv -2\sqrt{h}\rho (t,\; x^i)$,
 with $\rho$ a scalar function.

These expressions outline that, while the super-momentum constraint is not modified, in fact the invariance under 3-difeomorphisms still stands, the super-Hamiltonian is non-vanishing, in order to preserve the synchronous character of the reference.

The modification induced on the form of constraints can be interpreted as the emergence of a dust fluid co-moving with the slicing, whose energy density is given by the function $\rho$. Einstein equations underlying such a picture read
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{agp5}
G_{\mu \nu } = k \rho u_{\mu }u_{\nu }\\
\rho = -\frac{\mathcal{E}}{2\sqrt{h}},
\end{eqnarray}
$u_\mu$ being orthogonal to the space-like slicing.

One can think at this contribution as the physical realization of the synchronous reference. However, it is clear that we are not dealing with an external matter field since the energy density $\rho$ is not always positive and $\mathcal{E}(x^i)$ is fixed, once
initial conditions are assigned on a non-singular hypersurface.

\section{Synchronous Quantum Gravity}

We perform the quantization of the synchronous gravitational
field by promoting the 3-geometry
$h_{ij}$ and its conjugated momentum $\pi ^{ij}$ to operators acting on the state
function $\chi $ in a canonical way, {\it i.e.}

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{qo}
h_{ij}\rightarrow \hat{h}_{ij}\\
\pi ^{ij}\rightarrow \hat{\pi }^{ij} =
-\frac{i\hbar}{(2ck)^{3/2}}
\frac{\delta (\quad )}{\delta h_{ij}}.
\end{eqnarray}

The constraints are implemented according with the Dirac prescription, hence they read as follows

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{nhc}
{\hat{H}}^*\chi _{\mathcal{E}} = 0
\, \quad \Rightarrow \, \quad
\hat{H}\chi _{\mathcal{E}} =
\mathcal{E}\chi _{\mathcal{E}} \label{1}\\
{\hat{H}}_i\chi _{\mathcal{E}} = 0
\, .\label{2}
\end{eqnarray}

The condition (\ref{2}) implies that the wave functional
depends on the 3-geometries $\{ h_{ij}\}$, not on 3-metrics. But a relevant achievement is the relation (\ref{1}): $H$ being the generators of time displacements, it fixes an evolutionary character for wave functional, which can be described by the Schr\"odinger equation

\begin{equation}
i\hbar \partial _t\chi =
\int _{\Sigma ^3_t}\hat{H} d^3x  \chi
\, .
\end{equation}

Therefore, the quantum features of the dust contribution outline its behavior as a clock-like matter. The next task is to find out a negative portion of the super-Hamiltonian spectrum, which allows to interpret the additional contribution as a physical matter field.

In this respect, a change of variables is performed on the 3-metric and it is written as

\begin{equation}
h_{ij} \equiv \eta ^{4/3}u_{ij}
\, ,
\label{detvar}
\end{equation}

with $\eta \equiv h^{1/4}$ and $det u_{ij} = 1$.\\
This way the Hamiltonian density
takes the form

\begin{equation}
H = -\frac{3}{16}c^2 kp_{\eta}^2+
\frac{2c^2 k}{\eta ^2}u_{ik}u_{jl}p^{ij}p^{kl}
- \frac{1}{2k}\eta ^{2/3}V(u_{ij},\; \nabla \eta ,\; \nabla u_{ij})
\label{newh}
\, ,
\end{equation}
$p_{\eta }$ and $p^{ij}$ being the conjugate momenta to
$\eta $ and $u_{ij}$, respectively.

Here, the potential term $V$ comes from the 3-Ricci scalar and
$\nabla$ refers to first and second order spatial gradients.

In this scheme, equations (\ref{1}) can be written as

\begin{equation}
\label{newhaux}
\hat{H}\chi _{\mathcal{E}} =
\left\{
\frac{3}{128\hbar ck^2}\frac{\delta ^2}{\delta \eta ^2} -
\frac{1}{4\hbar ck^2\eta ^2}\Delta _{u}
- \frac{1}{2k}\eta ^{2/3}V(u_{ij},\; \nabla \eta ,\; \nabla u_{ij})
\right\}\chi _{\mathcal{E}}  =
\mathcal{E}\chi _{\mathcal{E}}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\Delta _{u} \equiv
\frac{\delta }{\delta u_{ij}}
u_{ik}u_{jl}
\frac{\delta }{\delta u_{kl}}
\, .
\end{equation}

This equation has a Klein-Gordon-like
structure, hence there exist solutions with negative values of
$\mathcal{E}$.

It is worth noting that in a synchronous reference the metric determinant always
vanishes monotonically at a time
$t^*$ where all the geodesics lines cross each other, i.e
$\eta (t^*, x^i) = 0$, with $\partial _{t\rightarrow t^*}\eta > 0$ (as a consequence of the Landau-Raichoudhuri theorem).
This property supports
i)$\eta$ as an internal time, ii) to take the limit
$\eta  \rightarrow 0$, where the system
(\ref{newhaux}) admits an asymptotic solution.
In fact, in this limit, the potential term turns out to be
drastically suppressed with respect to the
term $\Delta _{u}$, thus the dynamics of different spatial points decouples and the quantization can be performed in a local minisuperspace.\\
An approximated solution is provided in this scheme, point by point in space, by the following expression

\begin{equation}
\chi _{\mathcal{E}} =
\iota _{\mathcal{E}}(\eta , p)G_{p^2}(u_{ij})
\, ,
\label{iog}
\end{equation}

$\iota $ and $G_{p^2}$ satisfying the two equations
respectively

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{twoeig1}
\left\{
\frac{1}{\hbar ck^2}\frac{\delta ^2}{\delta \eta ^2} +
\frac{32p^2}{\hbar ck^2\eta ^2}
\right\}\iota _{\mathcal{E}} =
\mathcal{E}\iota _{\mathcal{E}}\\
\Delta _{u} G_{p^2} = -p^2G_{p^2}
\, .
\end{eqnarray}

The potential results to be negligible, also on a quantum level, when the condition below holds
\begin{equation}
\frac{p^2}{4\hbar ck^2\eta ^2}\gg \frac{1}{2k}\eta ^{2/3}\frac{1}{\Delta u}\int_{\Delta u} d^5u V.
\end{equation}
A wider set of wave packets are in agreement with this condition, approaching $\eta=0$. For instance, one of them is characterized by a deviation $\Delta u\sim1/\Delta p\gg 1$, where $\Delta p$ is a small uncertainty around the picked value $p$ ($p\gg\Delta p$). Indeed, this approach works only if $p$ is greater than a fiducial one $p_0\sim\Delta p$ and this is consistent with the prescription that a quantum-classical correspondence stands for high quantum numbers.

By writing $\iota = \sqrt{\eta } \theta (\eta )$, the function
$\theta $ obeys the following equation for the negative part of the spectrum
$\mathcal{E} = -\mid \mathcal{E}\mid$

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{twoeig2}
\frac{\delta ^2\theta }{\delta \eta ^2} +
\frac{1}{\eta }\frac{\delta \theta }{\delta \eta } +
\left(\mid \mathcal{E}^{\prime }\mid  -
\frac{q^2}{\eta ^2}\right)
\theta = 0 \\
\mathcal{E}^{\prime } \equiv
\hbar ck^2\mathcal{E} \\
q^2 \equiv \frac{1}{4}\left(1 - 128p^2\right)
\, .
\end{eqnarray}

A solution is given for
$\mid p\mid < 1/(8\sqrt{2})$ by

\begin{equation}
\theta (\eta ,\; \mathcal{E},\; p) =
AJ_q(\sqrt{\mid \mathcal{E}^{\prime }\mid } \eta ) +
BJ_{-q}(\sqrt{\mid \mathcal{E}^{\prime }\mid }\eta )
\, ,
\label{bessel}
\end{equation}

$J_{\pm q}$ being the corresponding
Bessel functions, while $A$ and $B$ are two integration
constants.

Therefore, a quantum range of positive energies exists for the dust contribution near enough to the
``singular'' point $\eta = 0$. However, there remain some open points:
i) The existence of a stable ground level of negative
$\mathcal{E}$.
ii) The inclusion of spatial gradients
of the dynamical variables.
iii) The physical meaning of the limit
$\eta \rightarrow 0$.
iv) The behavior of $\mathcal{E}$ in the classical limit.

\section{Synchronous Quantum Cosmology}

Most of these issues can be solved in a generic inhomogeneous cosmological setting, where the 3-metric is given by

\begin{equation}
h_{ij} = e^{q_a}\delta_{ad}
O^a_b O^d_c \partial _iy^b \partial _jy^c,\ \ \
a,b,c,d,\alpha,\beta=1,2,3,
\label{lag1x}
\end{equation}

with $q^a = q^a(x^l,t)$ and $y^b = y^b(x^l,t)$ six scalar
functions
and $O^a_b = O^a_b(x^l)$ a $SO(3)$ matrix.

The dynamics of different points decouples near the singularity and the Schr\"odinger
functional equation splits to the sum of $\infty ^3$ independent point-like
contributions as follows \cite{KL63,BM04} (we denote by the subscript $x$ any minisuperspace quantity)

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{sch}
i\hbar \partial _t \psi _x =
\hat{H}_x\psi _x =  \frac{c^2\hbar ^2k}{3} \left[
\partial _{\alpha }e^{-3\alpha }\partial _{\alpha}
-e^{-3\alpha }\left( \partial ^2_+ + \partial ^2_-
\right) \right]\psi _x
- \frac{3\hbar ^2}{8\pi } e^{-3\alpha }\partial ^2_{\varphi }\psi _x
- \nonumber\\
- \left( \frac{1}{2k\mid J\mid ^2}e^{\alpha } V(\beta _{\pm })
- \frac{\Lambda }{k}e^{3\alpha }\right)  \psi _x\\
\psi _x = \psi _x (t , \; \alpha , \; \beta _{\pm} , \; \varphi )
\, ,
\end{eqnarray}

where a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and a scalar field $\varphi$ have been added to the dynamical description.

If an integral representation is taken for the
wave function $\psi _x$

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{exp}
\psi _x = \int
d\mathcal{E}_x \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{E}_x)
\sigma _x(\alpha , \; \beta _{\pm } , \; \varphi ,\; \mathcal{E}_x)
exp \left\{ -\frac{i}{\hbar }\int _{t_0}^tN_x\mathcal{E}_xdt^{\prime }
\right\}\\
\sigma _x = \xi _x(\alpha , \; \mathcal{E}_x)
\pi _x(\alpha , \; \beta _{\pm } , \; \varphi )
\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathcal{B}$ is
fixed by the initial conditions at $t_0$, the dynamics is given by

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eigenvp}
\hat{H}\sigma _x = \mathcal{E}_x \sigma _x\\
\left( -\partial ^2_+ - \partial ^2_-
- \frac{9\hbar ^2}{8\pi c^2k } \partial ^2_{\varphi }
\right) \pi _x
- \frac{3}{2c^2\hbar ^2k^2\mid J\mid ^2}e^{4\alpha } V(\beta _{\pm })\pi _x =
v^2(\alpha ) \pi _x\label{eigenvp2}\\
\left[ \frac{c^2\hbar ^2k}{3}\left(
\partial _{\alpha }e^{-3\alpha }\partial _{\alpha } \xi _x
+ e^{-3\alpha }v^2(\alpha ) \right) +
\frac{\Lambda }{k}e^{3\alpha }\right] \xi _x
= \mathcal{E}_x\xi _x
\, .
\end{eqnarray}

In the expression above, it has been neglected any
dependence of $\pi _x$ on $\alpha $ because, asymptotically to
the singularity ($\alpha \rightarrow -\infty$),
it has to  be of higher
order (adiabatic approximation).

Let us now consider wave packets which are flat over the
width $\Delta \beta \sim 1/\Delta v_{\beta }\gg 1$
($\Delta v_{\beta }$ being the standard deviation in the
momenta space).

In the new variable
$\tau = e^{3\alpha }$,
the equation (\ref{eigenvp2}) reads

\begin{equation}
\frac{c^2\hbar ^2k}{3} \left(
9\frac{d ^2 }{d \tau ^2}
+\frac{v^2}{\tau ^2}
\right) \xi _x +
\frac{\Lambda }{k}\xi _x
= \frac{\mathcal{E}_ x}{\tau }\xi _x
\, .
\label{ph9}
\end{equation}

A solution to equation
(\ref{ph9}) is provided by

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{solint}
\xi _x = \tau ^{\delta }f_x(\tau ),\qquad
\delta = \frac{1}{2}\left( 1 \pm
\sqrt{1 - \frac{4}{9}v^2}\right)\hspace{5cm}\\
\label{ph10}
f = \mathcal{C}
e^{-\beta ^2\tau ^2 + \gamma \tau}, \qquad
\gamma = 2\mid \beta \mid
\sqrt{\delta + \frac{1}{2}
-\frac{1}{12L_{\Lambda }^2l_P^4\beta ^2}},\qquad
\frac{1}{L_{\mathcal{E}}l_P^2} =
6\delta \gamma
\,, \end{eqnarray}
$L_{\mathcal{E}} = \frac{\hbar c}{\mathcal{E}}$ being the
characteristic length associated to the Universe ``energy'',
while $l_P \equiv \sqrt{\hbar ck}$
denotes the Planck scale length. However, the validity of the solution above requires the condition $\beta ^2\tau \ll \gamma =
2\sqrt{\delta + \frac{1}{2}
-\frac{1}{12L_{\Lambda }^2l_P^4\beta ^2}}
\mid \beta \mid$.\\

Hence, the
quantum dynamics in a
fixed space point
({\it i.e.} over a causal portion of the Universe)
is described, in the considered approximation
($\tau \ll 1$), by a free wave-packet for the variables
$\beta _{\pm }$ and $\varphi$  and by a profile in $\tau $
which has a maximum in
$\tau = (\gamma + \sqrt{\gamma ^2 + 8\delta \beta^2})/4\beta^2$.

If a lattice structure for the space-time is assumed on the Planckian
scale \cite{RS03}, we can take $\tau >l_{Pl}^3$ and, noting that $\delta\leq1$, we obtain

\begin{equation}
\mid \beta \mid \ll
\frac{\sqrt{6}}{l_P^3}
\sqrt{1
-\frac{1}{18L_{\Lambda }^2l_P^4\beta ^2}}
\label{fininequa}
\, .
\end{equation}

Furthermore, to preserve the reality of $\mathcal{E}$, we have to impose that the square root above is real, hence we get
$\mid \beta \mid \ge \frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}L_{\Lambda }l_P^2}$.
Finally, from the request $L_{\Lambda }\gg l_P$, then
the inequality (\ref{fininequa}) can be written as

\begin{equation}
\mid \mathcal{E}_ x\mid \ll \frac{c^2k \hbar ^2}
{l_{Pl}^3} \sim \mathcal{O}(M_{Pl}c^2)
\rightarrow L_{\mathcal{E}} \gg l_P
\, ,
\label{ph11}
\end{equation}

$M_{Pl} \equiv \hbar /(l_{Pl}c)$ being the Planck mass.

Therefore, the existence of a cut-off implies that a ground state exists for the evolutionary approach. Hence it is a natural request to assume the Universe to approach this state during its evolution.

In order to infer the influence of the dust contribution on the cosmological evolution, we evaluate the associated critical parameter. Being the super-Hamiltonian a constant of motion and assuming the Universe to be in the ground state, we find $\rho _{\mathcal{E}} \ll \mathcal{O}((M_{Pl}c^2)/R_0^3)$, with $R_0 \sim \mathcal{O}(10^{28}cm)$ the present Universe radius of curvature. Since the actual critical density can be
expressed as
$\rho _c \sim \mathcal{O}(c^4/[GR_0^2(\Omega - 1)])$
(being $\Omega = 1 \pm \mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ the total Universe
critical parameter), then we have

\begin{equation}
\Omega _{\mathcal{E}} \equiv
\frac{\rho _{\mathcal{E}}}{\rho _c} \ll
\mathcal{O}\left( \frac{10^{-2}GM_{Pl}}{c^2R_0} \right) \sim
\mathcal{O}\left( \frac{10^{-2}l_{Pl}}{R_0} \right) \sim
\mathcal{O}\left( 10^{-60}\right)
\, .
\label{crit}
\end{equation}

Therefore, the dust contribution cannot play the role of dark matter. This conclusion can be modified by the introduction of matter from the thermal bath, which could have a relevant interaction with the Universe in the trans-Planckian region (see the model addressed in
\cite{CM04,BM06}, where ultrarelativistic matter
and a perfect gas were included).

\section{The quantum-classical transition}

We are going to discuss if a scenario can be defined where the transition to a classical regime happens, before the spatial curvature contribution becomes relevant. This way, the obtained spectrum of $\mathcal{E}$ would result to be a good approximation during the whole cosmological evolution.

We take as a semi-classical wave function the following one

\begin{equation}
\sigma = \mu (\tau )
exp\left\{ i\frac{\Sigma (\tau )}{\hbar }\right\}
\mathcal{P}(\tau, \; \beta _{\pm }, \; \varphi )
\label{scwf}
\, ,
\end{equation}
which means that a classical behavior is going to be inferred for the time-variable $\tau$ only.

Addressing the same approximations scheme fixed in
\cite{V89}, we obtain the semi-classical equations below in the limit $\hbar \rightarrow 0$, by substituting $\sigma$ into the eigenvalue
problem (\ref{eigenvp}),

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ph131}
-3c^2k
\left( \frac{ d\Sigma }{d\tau }\right) ^2 +
\frac{\Lambda }{k}
- \frac{\mathcal{E}}{\tau } = 0 \\
\label{ph132}\frac{d }{d \tau }
\left( \mu ^2 \frac{d \Sigma }{d \tau }
\right) = 0\\
i\hbar \partial _t\mathcal{P} =
-\frac{1}{\tau (t)}\left[ \frac{\hbar ^2c^2k}{3}\left(\partial ^2_+
+ \partial ^2_- \right)
+ \frac{3}{8\pi } \partial ^2_{\varphi }
\right] \mathcal{P}
\label{redsch}
\,,\end{eqnarray}

where in the last equation it has been used the identification $p_{\tau } = d\Sigma /d\tau$, coming out from the first one (which is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the considered system).
It is worth noting that the evolution of the wave function $\mathcal{P}$ is described by a Schr\"odinger equation.

A solution to equations (\ref{ph131}) and (\ref{ph132}) can be given in the region
$\tau \ll L_{\mathcal{E}}L_{\Lambda }^2$ by

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ph14}
\Sigma= 2\sqrt{\frac{\mid \mathcal{E}\mid}{3c^2k}\tau}\qquad
\mu = \mathcal{D}\sqrt[4]{\tau }\qquad
\mathcal{D} = \mathcal{D}(x^i)
\,,
\end{eqnarray}

and they are in agreement with the
approximation scheme.

The dynamics for $\mathcal{P}$ is that of a 3-dimensional
non-relativistic free particle with the time variable
given by $\mathcal{T} = \int(dt/\tau(t))$.
Hence, if at the initial time $\mathcal{P}$ is in the form of a
sufficiently narrow
packet, then it will remain peaked over
the whole regime where our approximations hold. Therefore,
within the adopted evolutionary approach, \emph{it can be inferred a quasi-classical description for the Universe volume, together with a quantum-like Schr\"odinger dynamics for the anisotropies
and the scalar field}. This feature demonstrate that a quantum-classical transition can be defined, where the dust contribution although being relevant during the Planckian regime, nevertheless it becomes negligible in the classical phase.

An open point remains the transition to a classical description for anisotropies and the scalar field. In this respect it could be significant the scalar curvature, which here has been neglected by the approximation scheme. In fact, such potential terms must approach a quadratic dependence on these variables, which allows to construct stable coherent states.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
AD35 - Attachment A - UNIVERSITY RECORDS FAQs
PURPOSE: This FAQ provides answers to frequently asked questions related to the management of University records at Penn State University. Depending on the document type in question, an FAQ example may also direct users to the appropriate retention schedule for guidance (see the General Retention Schedule or the Financial Record Retention Schedule on GURU, as applicable).
Please refer to Penn State Policy AD35, University Archives and Records Management for full details. If you still have questions, contact the University Archives and/or Records Management Program.
Return to AD35 Main Page
Human Resource Records
Faculty Records
A. GENERAL Records
STEP ONE: Determine the record retention schedule for the types of paper files, documents, records, databases, and reports that you manage.
STEP TWO: Organize and purge the electronic files, documents, records, databases, and reports that you manage.
STEP THREE: Organize and purge your physical office areas following the retention schedules.
STEP FOUR: Establish a pattern of using records retention schedules, make it a habit to organize and de-clutter, purge on a routine basis and maintain procedures to comply with AD35.
For additional advice, contact the Records Management program.
Who is required to adhere to this policy? All University faculty, staff and students as well as all University-related businesses and vendors. Failure to comply with the policy will be considered a violation of an employee's service agreement and subject to discipline by the employee's administrative area budget executive.
What is the retention schedule for …? Retention schedules for specific types of records can be located by reviewing the General Retention Schedule and the Financial Record Retention Schedule.
What if I cannot find a retention schedule for a specific document? Contact the Records Management program and request assistance. Retention schedule additions, changes and subtractions are reviewed quarterly by the Records Management Advisory Committee.
What does "review by Archives" mean on the retention schedule? The University Archives needs to review the record series to determine its status as a possible permanent record. Many times the copy held by your office is a duplicate of a permanent record and can be discarded as long as the original is held within the University Archives. "Review by" allows the University Archives an opportunity to confirm and verify.
My document is just a copy, do I need to follow the retention schedule? The creator of the original is responsible for the full length of the retention schedules. All versions, copies, drafts, and formats of University records are transactional copies and may be destroyed earlier than the full retention period.
Can I keep records for longer than the retention period? Records are only maintained beyond documented retention periods if they are designated as part of a litigation hold.
Can I keep records for a shorter period than the documented retention period? If you are the originator of the record, no. If you are holding a transactional copy, yes.
Who do I contact with questions about which items are "University Records?" The Records Management Advisory Committee reviews all questions related to compliance with AD35. Questions about specific record types or series can be addressed either to the Records Management Officer or the University Archivist.
How often and how do I report disposal of records? AD35 requires an annual report of compliance with retention, disposition and destruction schedules. The reporting process is delineated within the policy under regular review, policy section 2.
Who appoints a Records Management Liaison/Records Management Assistant for my Administrative area? The Budget Executive appoints a Records Management Liaison for each administrative area. Large administrative areas may choose to create a Records Management Liaison Committee with Records Management Assistants assigned to specific tasks. See definitions section of AD35. Recommended duties and skill sets for Records Management Liaisons and Records Management Assistants are viewable here.
How many back-up copies of archived information should be retained? The Penn State University Archives serves as the official repository for permanent University records regardless of format. Records identified within the retention schedules as permanent should be transferred in a timely manner to the University Archives. All other copies of such records are transactional and as such can be destroyed based on the designated retention schedules.
Are individuals responsible for converting their archived materials to newer formats as technology changes? Official University records should be managed where possible, utilizing the most current technological services, either through use of centralized databases or local resources.
How do campuses and/or administrative areas send their records to the University Archives? Or the Inactive Records Center? Contact the University Archives or the Inactive Records Center directly. Boxes for transfer will be provided and directions for shipment, courier service, and/or pick-up will be arranged.
How can I organize my office records? Use the four-step protocol:
How can I participate in the University's Blue/White Bag Program? If you participate in the University's Recycling Program, you are eligible to be scheduled for blue and white bag pick-ups. Blue bags contain confidential University records with Personally Identifiable Information (PII). White bags contain media such as cds, dvds, and microfilm. Contact the Office of Physical Plant, Recycling Office to schedule routine program participation or one-time clean-out assistance.
Are training resources and tools available to help individuals understand the policy? Monthly in-person and online training sessions are offered by the Records Management program. On-demand individual, office training sessions can be scheduled on an as-needed basis. Contact the Records Management Program directly to schedule a training. Individual questions about the policy or retention schedules can be submitted via email for direct response.
How long does voicemail need to be retained? The University voicemail system stores voicemail for 90 days after accessed. The majority of voicemails will either fall under the definition of "non-record" or transitory. Non-records do not have a retention time due to a lack of content about University business and may be deleted immediately. Transitory records are only required to be retained for as long as they are needed for administrative purposes. There may be times when voicemail needs to be retained longer according to the retention schedule. Due to this, employees are encouraged to use other methods of communication to document business decisions that need to be retained longer than 90 days. In cases where voicemail is a longer-term record, employees must save the content by downloading and storing the voicemail, or transcribing the message. If transcribing, employees need to include the caller, person contacted, transcriber (if different from person the contacted), date and time of call, and the general content of the message. If a business record is created on a personal device, employees must forward the record to a University system or transcribe the voicemail if retention is warranted.
B. HUMAN RESOURCE Records
NOTE: In some units using DocFinity, the Budget Executive's office manages the archive process. In order for this process to be successful, departments must ensure that all files with the status of 'terminated', 'retired', or 'deceased' have a termination date entered.
Since I send all full-time employee I-9s to Central OHR, do I need to keep copies? Records sent to or scanned into a centralized database/repository should NOT be retained locally.
What is the retention schedule for SRDPs and the new YOU@PSU system? The retention schedule for Performance Evaluations in both formats is end of fiscal year plus five (5) years.
What is the procedure for disposal of paper and electronic records when a current employee retires? Or dies? Prior to retirement, a current employee should create a directory for paper records or develop a shared drive for all electronic records (including e-mail) that will be utilized by their administrative unit upon their retirement. Within thirty (30) days of said retirement, the employee's computer can be scrubbed and put back into use, unless subject to a litigation hold (then contact the Office of General Counsel).
If a current employee dies prior to creating such a records use plan, the budget executive for the administrative unit, in consultation with local Human Resources, will assign an individual to work with the area's Records Management Liaison or Records Management Assistant to review and manage paper records according to AD35 retention schedules and to coordinate efforts between local and central IT to identify and transfer electronic records.
Personnel Files for Faculty Employees-- How long should we keep the personnel files of faculty members? All faculty personnel files are considered permanent. This includes fixed term faculty, standing faculty, department heads and administrators. Four (4) years after they leave the University (resignation, retirement, etc.) the local unit files must be sent to the University Archives or, in the case of electronic files, the local unit files must be moved to the electronic archive. Central Human Resource files for retirees are maintained for three (3) years after death benefits are closed.
Personnel Files for Staff and Wage Payroll Employees -- How long should we keep staff and wage payroll personnel files? Unit staff and wage payroll files are not permanent records and may be destroyed (shredded, deleted or purged) four (4) years after the staff or wage payroll employee leaves the University (resignation, retirement, etc.). Central Human Resource files for retirees are maintained for three (3) years after death benefits are closed.
Do we need to keep unit personnel files of staff or wage payroll employees now working in other units at the University? You should retain these files for four (4) years. After four (4) years you can shred or purge them. Personnel files of staff and wage payroll employees do not follow employees from one unit to another.
Search Committee materials – To comply with Affirmative Action requirements, search committee materials (including letters of recommendation) are maintained for three (3) years. After three (3) years you can shred or purge them.
Visa and Immigration Paperwork – What happens to the paperwork that is housed in I-Start? The Office of Global Programs is required to adhere to numerous retention schedules because of the different Visa types, government departments, and issuing authorities. Global Programs follows the schedules closely and all their documentation is housed securely on a stand-alone server. Therefore, departments do NOT need to keep copies of immigration and visa paperwork. Transactional copies, outside of Global Programs, must be shredded or purged. Offices may keep a 'working file' for a short period of time, but must shred copies of the documentation as soon as possible.
C. FACULTY Records
Who is responsible for ensuring that faculty members are compliant with the policy? The Budget Executive will be responsible for documenting compliance for all faculty, staff and students within their administrative area.
The following documents are considered Faculty Personal Papers. They are NOT subject to retention periods NOR will they be maintained or managed in central administrative offices. (see the General Retention Schedule)
Articles or reprints are not permanent records and may be destroyed (shredded, deleted, or purged) three (3) years after the publication date. Retention for longer periods of time is at the faculty member's personal discretion and management. Articles or reprints may be deposited in ScholarSphere if a faculty member owns the copyright or the article is open access. If a faculty member does not own the copyright or the article is not open access they may be sent to University Archives in print or as a pdf.
Books and manuscripts are not permanent records, and retention is at the faculty member's personal discretion and management. However, please submit one (1) copy upon publication to University Archives.
Class syllabi are not permanent records and may be destroyed (shredded, deleted or purged) three (3) years after the course end date. Retention for longer periods of time is at the faculty member's personal discretion and management.
Class lists are not permanent records and may be destroyed (shredded, deleted or purged) three (3) years after the course end date. Retention for longer periods of time is at the faculty member's personal discretion and management. However, all Personally Identifiable Information (PII), such as Social Security and student ID numbers MUST be redacted if faculty choose to keep copies for their personal use.
Letters of recommendation – Retain for three (3) years. After three (3) years they can be shredded or purged. Faculty who choose to retain these letters for longer periods of time do so as personal records.
Theses and dissertations are not permanent records and retention is at the faculty member's personal discretion and management. Note that University Libraries maintain one (1) electronic copy permanently.
Can faculty members' scholarly files be kept on University property after they have exceeded the retention period? Scholarly files are not considered University records so there is no retention period for them. They are the personal property of the faculty member. Faculty members are encouraged to utilize storage resources such as ScholarSphere for retention of scholarly files if they wish.
The following documents are considered University Records and are often in the possession of faculty, therefore, they are subject to retention periods and destruction afterwards is required:
Advisor files (3 years after last student activity)
Conference, seminar or workshop agendas that were hosted and/or grant-sponsored at Penn State (3 years after program completion; send one copy of program to University Archives)
Correspondence, including email, that pertains directly to Penn State business decisions (3 years)
Examinations and answer sheets (1 year after administered)
Grade books, grade sheets, grade appeals (5 years after course completion)
Non-disclosure agreements (3 years after grant ends, unless otherwise mandated)
Search committee meeting minutes, correspondence with candidates (3 years after search concluded)
University-related publications such as annual reports, bibliographies, biographies, vitas, newsletters, promotional literature, speeches, presentations, talks (submit one (1) copy to University Archives)
The following documents may or may not be in the possession of faculty members but are the responsibility of other units in the University for retention:
Class lists (maintained permanently by the Registrar's Office)
Federal and non-federal grant applications (including rejected), interim publications, publications, products and final reports [NOTE: Publications and final reports can be submitted to the University Archives for permanent retention. Many funding agencies archive these documents electronically and are the record keeper for long-term retention.]
Licenses (including software) agreements
Research clearance forms
SRTEs (see Question 6)
Textbook orders
Theses and dissertations (University Libraries maintain one (1) electronic copy permanently; all other copies are transactional and considered faculty personal records)
Travel itineraries, expense forms and reservations (3 years)
Written candidacy and comprehensive examinations (ensure that the Graduate program receives a copy of these for their use)
Retention of paper SRTEs (numerical and discursive forms) – The official SRTE record is centrally maintained in Penn State's online instrument for gathering feedback from students at the end of the course. Summarized instructor reports are maintained in the SRTE tool per the Records Management Advisory Committee's approved retention schedule. The retention time for the official record is ten years from the date of creation. SRTEs are used for various purposes, including but not limited to, promotion and tenure and annual performance reviews. If units utilize SRTEs for such purposes and file the copy in an official record such as a dossier, the retention time for that record series governs retention of that copy of the SRTEs. If a copy of an SRTE summary is not filed with another record series, it should be destroyed by shredding as soon as it is no longer needed because the records are accessible electronically in the SRTE tool. Due to the sensitive nature of SRTEs, confidential storage is required. Confidential storage in this instance means that access is limited to those in need of the information to perform their job duties.
Retention of paper 'Instructional Activities Data Reports' – The data contained in these reports is summarized and held elsewhere at the University, so these reports only need to be kept in the department for Promotion and Tenure processes. Shred reports that are older than five (5) years. If older copies are offered back to faculty, be sure to inform them that they are responsible for confidential storage off-campus.
How long should I keep transactional emails (emails between students, faculty, colleagues, etc) that do not reach a conclusion or document a University decision? Should they be dealt with on a case by case basis, or can faculty simply delete all transactional emails? Faculty can choose to delete all transactional emails one (1) year after receipt, unless notified of cause for litigation hold.
How long should I keep an initial email from a student about a grade dispute that was then forwarded to the appropriate director and adjudicated through an official process? Retain for one (1) year after dispute has been settled or transferred.
Are the retention periods listed for each category of document the minimum retention periods or the maximum retention periods? Retention periods refer to the recommended time period after which records can be destroyed, must be transferred to the Archives, or revert to management as personal records. Minimum retention periods require destruction. Permanent record designations require transfer to the Archives. Records that will be maintained beyond retention recommendations as personal papers are no longer treated as University records.
D. STUDENT Records
Retention of documentation about a case of a student being terminated for unsatisfactory scholarship and intimidating behavior. How should we handle the retention on these documents? These files are currently being maintained for review purposes in case of reapplication or employment. These records will be maintained for ten (10) years after the case is closed.
NOTE: Judicial Affairs records are maintained centrally.
Retention of paper copies of enrollment data (i.e. student credit by hour data reports) – The data contained in these reports is summarized and held elsewhere. Administrative area copies are retained for five (5) years.
Undergraduate Student Files – The official student record according to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is the transcript. Transcripts are permanent records held within the University Registrar's Office and the University Archives (depending on their age). All other undergraduate student records are not considered permanent files. Undergraduate student records must be shredded or purged five (5) years after the student has left the University.
NOTE 1: The five (5) year retention schedule for the complete undergraduate student record (containing multiple documents) supersedes the retention schedule for the individual documents contained within the file, unless otherwise mandated.
NOTE 2: In some units using DocFinity, the Budget Executive's office manages the archive process. In order for this process to be successful, departments must ensure that all files with the status of 'graduated or 'withdrawn' have a file close date entered.
Graduate Student Files – The retention schedule for the complete graduate student record (containing multiple documents) supersedes the retention schedule for the individual documents contained within the file.
If the student received an assistantship or fellowship, then his or her file is considered a permanent file and should be transferred to the University Archives. This means that three (3) years after they leave the University the files can be sent to the University Archives or, in the case of electronic files, the files will be moved to the electronic archive. Graduate student files (for students who do NOT receive an assistantship or fellowship) are not considered permanent files and should be kept in the unit, either in DocFinity or on paper, for three (3) years after the student has left the university.
Graduate Student Transcripts – Graduate student transcripts received from other institutions are filed and maintained by the Graduate School. If you wish to keep a copy for your own unit's reference, you can scan or copy the transcript and retain it in the unit. If the transcript is an original, offer it back to the student. If the student does not want it, you should shred it. The Office of the University Registrar processes all requests for official transcripts for Penn State students. The Office of the University Registrar can also access student information via the student information system.
General Retention Schedule
Financial Record Retention Schedule
Records Management Web site
Inactive Records Center Web site
University Archives Web site
OPP Blue Bag Web site
AD11 - University Policy on Confidentiality of Student Records
AD53 - Privacy Policy
October 9, 2018 - Updated links to the Records Management and University Archives websites.
June 12, 2018 - Added question on voicemail retention, and updated SRTE guidance.
May 4, 2016 - New FAQ to summarize and support Policy AD35.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
View Your Submissions
Telepoem Booth
There are presently no open calls for submissions.
DEADLINE EXTENDED TO JULY 1!
The Santa Fe Telepoem Project, a vintage phone booth or kiosk that one can dial-a-poem for free on the phone, is now accepting submissions from poets in Santa Fe County for poems and micro-essays to include in the Telepoem Directory. Each piece submitted must be an original piece and under three minutes. Submissions will be chosen based on their poetic merit as well as the quality of the reader's interpretation, (i.e. "does it translate well as an audio piece for the Telepoem phone?") The accepted pieces will be available to dial and listen to in the Santa Fe Telepoem Project, as well as other Telepoem Projects nationally, including in State College, PA and beyond.
The Telepoem Project is dedicated to providing representation of voices and perspectives from all humans from all walks and paths. Submitters are encouraged to use sound effects and audio enhancements in their submissions. For an example of a finely produced audio poem located in the Telepoem Directory, please listen to Chris Green's reading of "Inventing the Dolphin" (featured on Rattle Magazine's poem of the day), produced by Mark Neumann (http://www.rattle.com/inventing-the-dolphin-by-chris-green/).
Please submit audio files in mp3 format and include a word or PDF document of the poem. Deadline to submit is July 1, 2018. Notification of jurors' decisions will be given by mid-July.
There are currently 450 poems in the Telepoem Directory. Well-known published poets, burgeoning authors, and schoolchildren are included in the Telepoem listings. An average of over 120 poems are dialed every day. More information about the project is available at www.facebook.com/TelepoemBooth or www.telepoembooth.com.
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram! @telepoembooth
Please submit audio files in mp3 format and include a word or PDF document of the poem. Your cover letter should include where you live in Santa Fe County, your age if you are under 18 and any relevant background information about the poem(s). A maximum of five poems per submission are allowed. The submission process is free. Deadline to submit is July 1, 2018. Notification of jurors' decisions will be given soon after.
There are currently 450 poems in the Telepoem Directory, located online at telepoembooth.com. Well-known published poets, burgeoning authors, and schoolchildren are included in the Telepoem listings. An average of over 120 poems are dialed every day. More information about the project is available at www.facebook.com/TelepoemBooth or www.telepoembooth.com.
Free recording sessions will be provided by the Telepoem Project organization in the city of Santa Fe. To schedule a recording session, contact us at elizabeth@telepoembooth.com or stay tuned for announcement of dates.
The Santa Fe Telepoem Project is juried by Elizabeth Hellstern, Michelle Holland, Edie Tsong, Darryl Wellington and Karen Petersen.
-Elizabeth Hellstern
Hellstern is a writer and artist who lives off-grid on 44 acres in Cerrillos, NM. She received her MFA in Creative Writing from Northern Arizona University. Her multi-genre writing work has appeared in Hotel Amerika, Slag Glass City, Queen Mob's Tea House, The Tusculum Review and New World Writing. Hellstern is the creator of the Telepoem Booth Project. elizabethhellstern.com, telepoembooth.com
-Michelle Holland
Holland lives and writes in Chimayo, New Mexico. She has two published collections of poetry, Chaos Theory (Sin Fronteras Press), and "Event Horizon," in The Sound a Raven Makes (Tres Chicas Press), and winner of the New Mexico Book Award.
-Karen Petersen
Petersen has traveled the world extensively, publishing both nationally and internationally in a variety of publications. Most recently, she was published in The Manzano Mountain Review in the USA, The Bosphorus Review in Turkey and A New Ulster in Northern Ireland. In 2015, she read "In Memory of W.B. Yeats" at the Yeats Festival in Santa Fe, New Mexico and the KGB Bar in NYC. Her poems have been translated into Persian and Spanish. She holds a B.A. in Philosophy and Classics from Vassar College and an M.S. from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism.
-Edie Tsong
Tsong is an artist and a writer. Her projects explore intimacy, how we literally and metaphorically connect. She was the founding director of Cut+Paste Society and their city-wide project Snow Poems. She has collaborated on forget your perfect offering and Love Letter to the World. www.edietsong.com www.snowpoemsproject.com
-Darryl Lorenzo Wellington
Wellington Is a journalist, poet, and performance artist living in Santa Fe, NM. In 2017, he published Life's Prisoners. His manuscript received the Turtle Island Quarterly poetry chapbook award.
Recording Guidelines
We ask that you attempt to provide the highest quality recording for the listeners. Please note that you are also welcome to contact the Telepoem Booth Organization (elizabeth@telepoembooth.com) to schedule a recording timeslot.
1. Practice your poem. Expression and meaning are paramount when recording for the Telepoem Booth. Remember, your poem will now become an audio experience heard by hundreds of listeners, not just words on a page. The reading should be smooth and compelling, with no stumbles or awkward pauses.
2. You can record audio on most smartphones, through the freely downloaded computer program "Audacity", or through a number of other applications.
3. Record your poem in a quiet room. Make sure there is no street noise, television, telephone or computer noises on the recording.
4. Start your recording with the first line of the poem (unless the title is considered the first line.)
5. Do not state your name or the title (these will be listed in the Telepoem Book.)
6. No mic drops, coughs or paper rustling. If the cat meows, start over. If there is a static hum in the background, find a quieter environment.
7. Please convert to an mp3 file before submitting.
Return to our website
Technical Help|Privacy Policy


By using this website, MinecraftForFree.com you agree that you are only using the website to determine whether or not you enjoy the game "Minecraft" before you purchase it. You also agree that you will not be using the site as a replacement for purchasing the game, only as a demonstration before you actually purchase the game. You also understand that the owners, users, and staff of this website can not and will not be held responsible for anything that happens as a result of you using this website.
This website is only to be used for educational or demonstrational purposes.


Glycine Propionyl L-Carnitine: Part Amino Acide Part Fat Eatter!
Can glycine propionyl l-carnitine be a safe supplement to add to your supplement mix? The diabetic diet can be enhanced tremendously in combination with exercising regularly. When we exercise, we get sore sometimes and some get so sore they are on the "bench" for a week or longer! Let's take a look at how the main ingrediants in glycine propionyl l-carnitine can help you and decide if this is something worth discussing with your doctor!
Let us first look at the "bonded" items that make this supplement. What is glycine and what does it do? Aside from being the first word in glycine propionyl l-carnitine, glycine is an amino acid. Don't assume because it is an amino acid you need to beging supplementing it as our bodies normally make sufficient levels on their own. Another reason you may not need to supplement with glycine is that it is found in the protein of all living, high protein sources. Glycine is the simplest of all amino acids, however don't discount its abilities just yet! It plays a role in things from helping with bile creation to being thought to have an active role in memory! Is Glycine Propionyl L-Carnitine looking better yet?
Glycine propionyl l-carnitine also contains one of my "favorite" supplements, L_Carnitine, which is the last word of glycine propionyl l-carnitine. I have been a huge fan of L-Carnitine for quite some time for its role in helping our mitochondria turn long chain fats into energy! You could say that L-Carnitine is actually a fat eatter! Glycine propionyl l carnitine's l-carnitine has been known to reduce the effects of angina as well as help promote anti aging properties!
So why would someone want to use glycine propionyl l-carnitine or supplement with it? As I had previously mentioned it is pretty nice in reducing post workout soreness. It also helps in the production of creatine which is widely known as being one of the top workout supplements! Actually, glycine propionyl l-carnitine has also been preached about in a study in reducing LAC (blood lactate levels) by over 16%. If you are prediabetic, glycine propionyl l-carnitine has also been known to ward off type 2 diabetes as well as improve heart health.
So in the end, is Glycine Propionyl L-Carnitine something you should talk about with your doctor? I say you should absolutely consider it! Seeing Glycine Propionyl L-Carnitine is diabetic safe I'd highly suggest asking your endochronologist about how Glycine Propionyl L-Carnitine could affect you!


COIMBATORE JUNCTION CBE to JABALPUR JBP train timings, routes, stops, and complete info.
As of now, 2 trains run between from COIMBATORE JUNCTION (CBE) to JABALPUR (JBP).
The fastest train from COIMBATORE JUNCTION (CBE) to JABALPUR (JBP) is ERS PATNA EXP (16359) that departs at 03:20 and arrives to at 17:10. It takes approximately 37:50 hours.


The Magis Clinic is a student-run, free clinic, open to all people. Inspired by Jesuit values, we are dedicated to providing quality and compassionate healthcare to the underserved in the Greater Omaha community. As part of Creighton University, we also work towards forming and educating students to be agents of change.
The Magis Clinic and its partners provide free healthcare and referrals to existing community services. It is the first free medical clinic in Omaha open on Saturdays that treats homeless men, women, children and the medically uninsured. Services include basic acute primary care consultations and follow-up, physical exams, mental health care, STD testing, laboratory services, including basic blood tests; pharmaceuticals. Magis Clinic volunteers also partner with the Charles Drew Health Center, coordinating their efforts to achieve the mission of the Magis Clinic.
Founded and run by students of the Creighton University School of Medicine since 2004, the Magis Clinic serves the homeless and uninsured of Omaha. The Magis Clinic is staffed by volunteer students, physicians and pharmacists from the Creighton University School of Medicine and the School of Pharmacy.


The annual joint exchange visit of the Federation of Local History Societies and the Federation for Ulster Local Studies took place on Sat. 4th July and Sun. 5th July 2015.
A total of sixty three historians from all over Ireland representing over twenty five societies and fourteen counties were present. Members from both Federations met at the Somme Heritage Centre, near Newtownards, for the start of the visit and were greeted by representatives of the Bangor Historical Society who had come along to wish the Federations good luck with the weekend activities. The gesture was very much appreciated.
A guided tour of the Somme Heritage Centre proved to be most interesting, informative and enlightening and was conducted by excellent guides.
It was then off down the Portaferry Road where Mount Stewart in all its glory awaited the visitors. After a lovely lunch in the Mount Stewart restaurant the group were free to explore this magnificent house with its beautiful world renowned and unique gardens. At this stage the sun appeared as if to signal and emphasise the beauty of the whole place in the afternoon sunshine. The house was most impressive with every room a "gem" and decorated with fine period furniture, paintings, portraits, tableware and some examples of decorative and ornate plaster work. The gardens were in bloom with some stunning walks to the lake and back.
It was with great reluctance that the group eventually left for the Loughshore Hotel in Carrickfergus. An excellent dinner was served that evening in the hotel and was followed by an after-dinner talk by Shirin Murphy, "Collections Access Officer" with the Carrickfergus Museum. Shirin gave a most interesting talk with very much her own personal view on aspects of Carrickfergus history. The talk delivered with her infectious personality and supported with some great slides was very well received by a captive audience.
After breakfast, again of excellent quality, the group were welcomed to Carrickfergus Castle for a guided tour of the castle and grounds again accompanied by an excellent guide. The John de Courcy castle lived up to its reputation as one of the best, if not the best, examples of an Anglo Norman castle in all of Ireland.
It was at this stage that the visitors were treated to an unexpected and unique experience. In keeping with the Tall Ships event in Belfast there was a spectacular air display by the famous "Red Arrows" in the skies above and around the castle. It was something very special and will be remembered by all for some time to come.
It was then on to some unique Industrial Heritage with a visit to the "Flame" gasworks the only one of its kind still in Ireland and one of very few left in the UK. It proved a special experience and was a real trip down memory lane with the opportunity to see old gas meters, griddles, cookers, smoothing irons, washing machines and many more utensils from an era now gone. Two very knowledgeable guides explained the whole process of gas production from coal and the many by products including the "medicinal" cure for whooping cough by breathing in the fumes from the process. Something remembered by many present. It was fascinating to see the horizontal retorts still in situ together with all the pumps, tanks and ancillary equipment.
A welcome lunch at "Ownies" local hostelry was followed by a visit to the medieval Church of St. Nicholas, again associated with John de Courcy and built around 1193. Led by Ron Bishop and his colleagues the whole history of the church was unfolded with a great presentation after which all were free to explore and view the many interesting aspects of this beautiful church and hear all its interesting stories down through the years.
So came to an end another memorable visit to a part of Ireland steeped in its own fascinating history and heritage and another successful sharing of the two Federations' common interest in Local History.


Is Your Fleet Getting Noticed for the Wrong Reasons?
Building a positive brand image is incredibly important to most businesses. It's how customers recognize and remember you! Along with ensuring your brand is recognized for the right reasons, it's also important to avoid getting noticed for the wrong ones. No matter how much budget or strategy you allocate to marketing, if drivers are being reckless on the road or using company vehicles where and when they shouldn't be, that is the impression that will stick.
Gather accurate feedback about driver behavior instead of relying on "How My Driving" stickers.
Prevent unauthorized use of company vehicles that represent the brand in the wrong way.
Achieve sustainability initiatives by taking control over excessive idling, route inefficiencies, and infrequent maintenance.
Enhance customer experience by providing diligent and consistent service to their customers.


text:
Home News Analysis ERPAC Hierarchy Points to No Clear Successor
ERPAC Hierarchy Points to No Clear Successor
Elyssa Pachico
Caracho
ERPAC
A chart (pdf) released by Colombian Police identifies the remaining levels of the drug-smuggling group the Popular Revolutionary Antiterrorist Army of Colombia (RPAC).
The group's top commander, Pedro Oliveiro Guerrero, alias "Cuchillo," who died after a police operation on Christmas Eve.
The chart breaks ERPAC down into three levels: Guerrero's confidants, the armed wing and the financial wing, each with their own military-like hierarchy. The chart shows that there are multiple players who could stand to take Guerrero's place. The main question is whether the appointed heir can replicate Guerrero's discipline, or whether sub-commanders will break off and attempt to form their own independent drug-trafficking groups. ERPAC was a military organization with a clear command hierarchy, but without Guerrero, this hierarchy may not be respected. We could see a fragmentation of ERPAC in the Eastern Plains, as has occurred with the Paisas in the upper Antioquia region.
Police identify two main "trusted men" in the ERPAC, including alias "Caribe," said to be Guerrero's cousin, and alias "Gusano," allegedly his nephew. Guerrero has previously relied on family members to handle facets of his operations, as indicated by the 2008 arrest of his brother, Dumar de Jesus Guerrero, alias "Carecuchillo."
But family relations are not necessarily the best indicator of who will likely take Guerrero's place. ERPAC is not a mafia-style organization that prioritizes personal loyalty and blood ties. Rather, power goes to those with the military experience and the contacts needed to move product along smuggling routes. This explains why many of the top dogs in the ERPAC were former paramilitaries from the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia – AUC), who'd already established their contacts in the drug trade and had links to, and knowledge of, the ground.
This includes the organization's number two commander, Harold Humberto Rojas, alias "El Loco Harold," who was arrested during the Christmas operation the killed "Cuchillo." The police chart identifies Rojas, alongside German Ramirez, alias "Vaca Flaca," as one of the top commanders of ERPAC's armed wing, while the head of Guerrero's security is identified as Jhon Ardilla, alias "Virgo."
While the chart is a useful illustration of the many ERPAC players still at large, it doesn't necessarily show which of these players already has the profile needed to control the drug routes and maintain contact with the buyers. Given "Loco Harold's" arrest, it is possible that he could try and continue running ERPAC's operations from prison. Alternatively, he could collaborate with authorities and give them the intelligence needed to capture the other successors of ERPAC. This could accelerate the fragmentation of the group even further.
Of the thirteen security sub-commanders identified in the police chart, nine are based in Meta and Vichada, the traditional ERPAC stronghold. This appears to indicate that despite some evidence of EPRAC expansion outside the Eastern Plains – into the departments of Arauca, Cundinamarca, and Huila – police intelligence has remained concentrated on dismantling ERPAC from within its powerbase.
The chart also outlines the structure of ERPAC's financial wing, headed by Eberto Lopez Montero, alias "Caracho," and identifies another thirteen sub-commanders, the majority based in Meta and Vichada.
In a press conference Wednesday, President Juan Manuel Santos and police director General Oscar Naranjo described the operation that led to Guerrero's death. Informants told police about a Christmas party at one of Guerrero's ranches in Mapiripan, Meta. Security forces ruled against an air strike after learning that children and women would be present. Instead, police launched a ground operation with 300 members of police special forces, who were dropped from Black Hawk helicopters and then surrounded the area. Two sub-lieutenants died after being met with gunfire from M-60 machine guns. Seven ERPAC members were arrested, including "El Loco Harold."
Guerrero's body was found two days later in a creek running through a canyon. The National Forensic Office said there were no signs of injury on Guerrero's body. According to police, the most probable cause of death was either drowning or a heart attack as Guerrero tried to escape.
Who Will Inherit the Colombian Criminal Empire of 'Loco Barrera'?
Who Will Fill the Power Void in Colombia's Eastern Plains?
Colombia ERPAC Handover Exposes Holes in Process
Colombian Drug Gang Surrenders to Govt, Leaving Power Vacuum
Colombia Drug Lord's Surrender Offer Rings Hollow


Fixed #2175: Make sure that last ACK has been sent before retransmitting it.
Also update the doc that the callback can now be called more than once.
* the cache will be done by the framework.
* will be called again.
* This callback is optional.
/* Check if we have cached ACK request and if we have sent it.


Product prices and availability are accurate as of 2019-04-23 20:49:05 UTC and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on http://www.amazon.co.uk/ at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
With so many drones on offer these days, it is great to have a manufacturer you can purchase with confidence. The Kismaple Mavic Tablet Holder Stander Extender Aluminum-Alloy Foldable Mount Holder for DJI Spark / Mavic Pro / Mavic Air Remote Controller is certainly that and will be a excellent birthday present.
For this reduced price, the Kismaple Mavic Tablet Holder Stander Extender Aluminum-Alloy Foldable Mount Holder for DJI Spark / Mavic Pro / Mavic Air Remote Controller is widely recommended and is always a popular choice with lots of people who visit our site. Kismaple have included some innovation touches and this results in great bargain price.


text:
[01] PM opens UNESCO int'l conference
[02] KKE leader calls on citizens to weaken EU, ND, PASOK
[03] Historic 'Odontotos' gauge track railway resumes operation
Prime minister Costas Karamanlis called for international effort, political intervention and coordinated action forward in order to save the planet's environment, speaking at the opening session of an international conference on "Climate Change and Challenges for the Future Generations", organised by UNESCO, that opened Tuesday morning in Athens.
Karamanlis warned that if we do not act immediately, the environmental downgrading could become irreversible.
Investment, he continued, was necessary in the new economy, with respect for the environment, and noted the actions taken by his government for conservation of the environment in Greece.
The two-day conference, being held at the Megaron-Athens Concert Hall, winds up on Wednesday.
Caption: ANA-MPA file photo of Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis
Communist Party of Greece (KKE) Secretary General Aleka Papariga addressed a party rally in Thessaloniki, Macedonia, on Monday evening, calling on citizens to weaken with their votes the European Union, the New Democracy and PASOK parties and the liberal and socialdemocrat parties that "constituted the vehicles for the antipopular policy of the EU, its militarisation to pass through fire and steel."
Referring to the two mainstream parties, ND and PASOK, she said that they have no substantive differences between them and added that "when the prime minister says that I shall forge ahead and I shall disregard the cost, he is sending a message to the plutocracy that he will continue unobstructed."
Papariga said that KKE is experiencing a slanderous attack and noted that "we are accountable to the people, they can exercise criticism on us and face us with tough questions."
KKE, she concluded, is calling for the votes of workers and employees, wage earners, small businessmen, poor farmers, the children of the labour, the popular and farmer family, the votes of those who feel betrayed by ND and PASOK.
The historic narrow gauge railway in the Peloponese that links Diakofto with Kalavryta, known as the 'Odontotos' ('tooth' train), has resumed operation following the purchase of new rolling stock and extensive maintenance work along the route, budgeted at 40 million euros. The rare 750mm gauge track railway makes a steep ascent of 750 meters over a distance of 22 km., aided by a cog-wheel mechanism n the steepest sectins fo track, and runs through the magnificent Vouraikos Gorge and the old Mega Spileo monastery. The trainsets are composed of two passenger rail cars with a small rail car between them that houses a diesel generator. It is one of the most scenic rail routes in Europe. ANA-MPA/SYMELA PANTZARTZI
ana2html v2.01 run on Tuesday, 2 June 2009 - 10:30:24 UTC


United Way of Decatur & Mid-Illinois envisions a community in which everyone has the opportunity to be self-sufficient.
The Mission of United Way of Decatur & Mid-Illinois is to lead community transformation through effective, efficient, and integrated solutions that empower everyone to be self-sufficient.
We are proud to be leaders in the pathway to a stronger tomorrow, and our commitment to lasting change stretches far beyond the work inside the walls of United Way.
Volunteering is a great way to connect with your community and to give back. Follow this link to our Volunteer Portal where you will find opportunities to lend a hand.
Check out our video about the Community Investment Process. You'll find out where your investments go and how local volunteers decide which programs receive the community's support. And you can view our other great videos, too!
Join us on May 8 at the Decatur Club for our 2019 Annual Meeting & Awards Dinner. United Way will honor individuals and businesses that helped us impact the community.
The Mission of United Way of Decatur & Mid-Illinois is to lead community transformation through effective, efficient, and integrated solutions that empower everyone to be self-sufficient. United Way of Decatur & Mid-Illinois envisions a community in which everyone has the opportunity to be self-sufficient.
changes being made every day.
Take the first step in helping those in need.
United Way's Ride United 2019 will take place on Sunday, June 2.


CycloneTimes was established in 2017 as an online news website and then launched for operation on second January 2018. Cyclone Times is a subsidiary of Interlet Uganda, which is a privately owned IT company in Uganda. Visit our main website www.interletug.com .
This website serves to cover and give first hand and analytical news from all world corners. We focus on providing reliable and true information from all trusted sources and also cover the gap between those individuals with access to printed news and those without.
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Earl Bobby is Looking for his Balls is an AGS adventure game made by Jospin Le Woltaire in 2007. It is the second game in the "Earl Bobby" trilogy. The game is a sequel to "Earl Bobby is looking for his Shoes" and was followed by a sequel "Earl Bobby is looking for a Loo". The soundtrack is taken from Tchaikovsky music.
Continuing the events in the previous game, Earl Bobby goes to Glenfidditch club to enjoy his favorite hobby, which is golf. However, a bird steals his golf ball, and when he tries to retrieve it, he finds himself in a competition with golf champion Tiger Woody.
This page was last modified on 30 April 2016, at 15:18.


TGIF! It's been hectic week around the Limestone City thanks to Reelout and a slew of events associated with Feb Fest. Earlier on in the week I wrote about my encounter with the Stanley Cup, which is the only Feb Fest event I've made it to thus far. Luckily, some other folks posted a few videos and photos of the OHL All Star game and skills competition, the Flying Canucks, as well as the Tom Cochrane concert. The 24-hour snow sculpture competition between Queen's, RMC and the defending champs from St. Lawrence College is nearly finished, while later this weekend the Limestone Classic, NHL Alumni and Historic Hockey Series will keep Market Square buzzing with activity. If standing out in the cold all weekend long doesn't seem appealing, take a look at what's playing at Reelout, which officially wraps up tomorrow night with a party at the Artel.
Thanks to Matt Pedlar for today's photo, showing off last year's winning snow sculpture created by the team from St. Lawrence College. I can't wait to see what the teams come up with this year. And yes, I am cheering for my alma mater. Go Queen's!
Don't miss out on A Toast to Tapas! Kingston's first local food event of 2010. Locally sourced tapas paired with local wine or beer for $7.95 at 13 participating downtown Kingston restaurants.
Check out http://www.febfestkingston.ca for an event brochure.
SLC has done it again!


That new study of dropouts from Chicago public schools does little more than confirm the ominous fact that more than 40 percent of students fail to graduate from high school. Using Board of Education data, the Chicago Panel on Public School Finances has compiled more convincing statistics on the problem than the school system itself has been able--or willing--to do.
The study has also confirmed some obvious facts: Students who enter high school unable to read near grade level are more likely to drop out. So are those who are already a year or two older than classmates because they have had to repeat one or two elementary grades. High schools which draw the best- prepared students have the highest graduation rates. Schools whose freshmen come with the poorest reading levels have the most dropouts.
There are lessons to be learned from the study--although not precisely the ones the panel is pushing.
The panel warns that having students repeat a year of elementary school in hopes of improving their academic readiness for high school isn`t an answer; being overage makes dropping out more likely, the study found. But that`s a Catch 22; being unable to read up to grade is also a major reason students leave school without graduating.
--need the opportunity to work up to the level of their ability and the magnets provide both the chance and the incentive to do so. Magnet schools also promote desegregation and encourage middle-class families to keep their youngsters in the city`s public schools.
''educational triage'' to separate good students from the most poorly prepared youngsters, whom it assigns to ''holding pen'' schools, the report says. But it also recommends a two-tiered solution, with potential dropouts routed into ''a whole new curriculum'' geared to their ''socio-economic background'' and emphasizing basic literacy and job skills.
The study is on much sounder ground when it recommends a ''major assault'' on the dropout problem in elementary schools, so that fewer students start high school unprepared and overage. But even grade school isn`t soon enough to head off academic failure for many high-risk youngsters.
If the city really wants to reduce its dropout rates, the surest and kindest way is to invest heavily in early childhood education. Long-term research clearly shows that quality preschooling can substantially increase academic success all through elementary and high school and measurably reduce dropout rates. It is so much easier, better--and more cost efficient--to prevent school failure than to have youngsters repeat an elementary grade or to try to provide effective remedial classes at the high school level after they have failed.
Gov. James Thompson has asked for $13 million in his new budget to begin developing innovative early learning systems. It is only a small beginning. But dropout prevention begins by making sure youngsters start kindergarten and 1st grade mentally competent and able to succeed. High-risk youngsters need help--not belatedly when they enter high school already failing, but before they start to school so that they never fall behind.


text:
Declan William Bennett (born 20 March 1981) is an English singer-songwriter, actor and playwright. He gained prominence as a member of the band Point Break, before going on to perform on London's West End and as a solo musician. He is known on screen for his roles as Charlie Cotton in the soap opera EastEnders and Jonathan Roberts in the ITV series The Long Call.

Early life and education
Bennett was born in Coventry and has an older brother Kieran. Like his EastEnders character, Bennett is of Irish descent; his mother Rose is from Westmeath, and his paternal grandparents are from Dublin and Wexford. Bennett attended Christ the King Primary School in Coundon and then Cardinal Newman Catholic School and Community College.

Career

Early ventures
As a teenager, Bennett performed with the Belgrade Youth Theatre and the Coventry Youth Operetta Group (YOG) Coventry, including appearances in Willy Russell's Our Day Out in September 1996, and in Boy Band, which featured a number of his own compositions. He also performed with the National Youth Music Theatre, in The Kissing-Dance 1999.

Music
In May 1999, Bennett was one of nine teenagers chosen to sing live on the ITV morning TV show This Morning in a feature that put together a boy band. Following his appearance, he was contacted in the studio by another band, Point Break, which featured Brett Adams and David 'Ollie' Oliver from UK children's TV programme Byker Grove, who were signed to Warner Music, and who were looking for a new member. The band released five singles, four of which made the UK top 20, and an album, which was number one in three countries in South east Asia, including Japan, and made the UK top 40. Bennett left the band in December 2000.

In January 2005, Bennett released his first solo album under the pseudonym "Sumladfromcov" entitled The Painters Ball on his own record label, Covboy Records. This was followed by a limited-edition EP, The Kitchen, in May 2006.

Now performing as a singer-songwriter under his own name, Bennett released a five-track iTunes-only EP in March 2007 entitled 10 Nelson Road. His second full-length album, An Innocent Evening Of Drinking, was released on 14 April 2008. Therapy, an iTunes-only single packaged with two remixes — Olivia's Mix and New York Live Studio Mix — was released in the U.S. on 27 April 2009 and in the rest of the world on 23 March 2009.

On 31 January 2010, Bennett performed on the Grammy Awards with Green Day as a cast member of the rock opera American Idiot, which ran on Broadway from 20 April 2010 to 24 April 2011. Bennett was a member of the ensemble, understudying and performing the role of Will.

Bennett released the album record:BREAKUP on 25 April 2011 in New York. A live and acoustic version was released on Monday 19 August 2013.

Theatre
In January 2002, Bennett was given the part of Guru Dazzle in Boy George's West End show Taboo, which received four Olivier Award nominations and he later took over one of the lead roles, Billy, playing alongside Matt Lucas, Boy George, and Julian Clary among others until the show closed in London in April 2003.

Bennett also played the role of Billy in the UK tour of the show from December 2003 to 2004.

In September 2006, Bennett took over the role of Roger Davis in the American national tour of Broadway rock opera Rent. He completed a nine-month tour of the United States from September 2006 to May 2007. He reprised the role on Broadway from October 2007 until May 2008.

In 2013, Bennett premiered the romantic lead Guy in the West End production of Once opposite Zrinka Cvitešić as Girl at the Phoenix Theatre in London.

In March 2016, it was announced Bennett would star in the titular role of Jesus Christ Superstar at the Open Air Theatre Regents Park.

In 2019, he starred in The View UpStairs playing the role of Dale at the Soho Theatre, in London from 18 July to 24 August.

In June 2021 it was announced Declan Bennett would be starring as Billy Bigelow in the Regents Park Open Air Theatre summer production of "Carousel". This acclaimed show ran from 31 July 2021 to 25 September 2021.

Bennett created the one-man show Boy Out the City. It had its work-in-progress showcase in early 2021 before premiering the full thing at the Westival Music + Arts Festival in Westport, Ireland that 24 October, followed by a London premiere at the Turbine Theatre on 9 November.

On 8th April 2022, it was announced Bennett would star as the Duke de Monroth in Moulin Rouge! (musical) on Broadway beginning on 10th May 2022, following Tam Mutu, at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre.

Television and film
After a number of small film and television roles, on 22 January 2014, it was announced Bennett would join the cast of EastEnders as Charlie Cotton, the long-lost grandson of  Dot Branning (June Brown). EastEnders executive producer, Dominic Treadwell-Collins, questioned whether Charlie (named after Charlie Cotton) would be "kind" like his grandmother or "evil" like his father Nick Cotton (John Altman). Bennett first appeared on 10 March 2014. In 2015, it was revealed Bennett would exit the series. During his time, he had married Ronnie Mitchell (Samantha Womack), gotten in a car accident, had an affair with Ronnie's sister Roxy Mitchell (Rita Simons) and impersonated a cop.

On 5 April 2017, it was confirmed that Bennett would reprise his EastEnders role for the forthcoming season after months of speculation. His first episode back aired on 5 May 2017.

Bennett starred opposite Ben Aldridge in the 2021 adaptation of The Long Call on ITV and BritBox.

Personal life
Bennett is gay. He lived in New York City and London for a number of years before moving to rural Oxfordshire, where he currently lives with his life partner, fellow actor and singer Fra Fee.

Discography
With Point Break

Solo releases

References

External links

Reviews of Our Day Out on Willy Russell's Official-Unofficial website
Article on Boy Band on website CWN News & Information for Coventry & Warwickshire
Article and reviews about The Kissing-Dance on the composer's official site
Theatre's webpage about Taboo London production
Official Declan Bennett website

1981 births
Living people
English male singer-songwriters
English pop singers
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English gay actors
English gay musicians
English gay writers
Gay songwriters
Gay singers
Gay composers
English LGBT songwriters
English LGBT singers
LGBT producers
People from Coventry
English people of Irish descent
21st-century English male singers
20th-century English LGBT people
21st-century English LGBT people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Vitta virginea, the Virgin Nerite, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae.

Distribution
This species is widespread from the Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, West Indies, Greater and Lesser Antilles, Dominica, Puerto Rico, Central America (Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica), Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Colombia, Mexico, Texas and Florida.

Habitat
Vitta virginea can withstand large changes in salinity and therefore may live in freshwaters, in marine and in brackish waters. These sea snails occur in rivers and streams, in estuaries and in the sea, on sand, silt and stones, brackish ponds and mangroves.

Description
Shells of Vitta virginea can reach an average size of . These colorful grass-flat snails show extremely variable pattern and color. They are semiglobular, with 3 or 4 whorls. The aperture is oval, with thin lips. Operculum is usually black. The polished shell surface may be black, grey or white, yellowish, olive, red and purple, with various stripes or waves, spots and lines.

Biology
They are herbivorous (algae) and diadromous. They are involved in massive upstream migrations.

References

Bibliography
Blanco-Libreros JF, Arroyave-Rincón A. - Predator damage and shell size on the diadromous snail Neritina virginea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) in the Mameyes River, Puerto Rico
Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. 2012. Neritina virginea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T189436A1925495.
Pointier J.P. (ed.). (2015). Freshwater molluscs of Venezuela and their medical and veterinary importance. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 228 pp
Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. Pratt, et al. (1988) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks, American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16
Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al. (1998) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed., American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26
 Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366

External links
 Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition, vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae]
 Link, D.H.F. (1807-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben.
 Röding, P.F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp.
 Mörch, O. A. L. (1852-1853). Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d'Aguirra & Gadea Comes de Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques. Fasc. 1, Cephalophora, 170 pp.
 conchyliologica 57.pdf Hovestadt A. & Neckheim C. M. (2020). A critical checklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies. Folia Conchyliologica. 57: 1-38.

Neritidae
Gastropods described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


text:
using namespace entities;
using namespace components;
using namespace systems;
using namespace assets;

namespace engine
{
  typedef std::shared_ptr< std::vector<ComponentPtr> > Components;

  class Engine
  {
  public:
    Engine(const std::string baseDirectory);

    void addSystem(SystemPtr system);

    std::shared_ptr<Entity> getEntity(const std::string name);

    void updateTime();
    const sf::Time& getElapsed() const;

    void addComponentToEntity(Entity &entity, ComponentPtr component);
    void removeComponentFromEntity(Entity& entity, ComponentType t);
    const Components getComponents(const Entity& entity) const;

    void run();
    void stop();

    void loadAssetsJson(const std::string filename);
    void loadEntitiesJson(const std::string filename);

    void deleteAssets();
    void deleteEntities(const std::string tag = "");
    void deleteSystems();

    template <class T, typename ...Args>
    std::shared_ptr<T> getAsset(Args && ...args);

    template <class T, typename ...Args>
    std::shared_ptr<T> loadAsset(Args && ...args);

    template <typename ...Args>
    std::shared_ptr<Entity> createEntity(const std::string name, Args && ...args);

  private:
    bool mStopped;
    sf::Clock mClock;
    sf::Time mTime;

    AssetManager mAssetManager;
    std::vector< SystemPtr > mSystems;

    std::unordered_map< std::string, EntityPtr > mEntities;
    std::unordered_map< std::string, std::shared_ptr< std::vector<ComponentPtr> > > mComponents;
  };

  std::unordered_map< std::string, std::function< ComponentPtr(Json::Value,EntityPtr) > > makeComponentFactory();
}

#include <engine/engine.inl>

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub