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From Tenochtitlán to Punt: When People Encounter the Distant and Unknown, a Cognitive Approach
In: Journal of Egyptian History
Author: Gianluca Miniaci1
1 University of Pisa
This article aims to analyse the behavioural response generated by people who came into contact with civilisations and places whose existence was previously unknown or only remotely registered in their collective knowledge. Three major cases have been taken into consideration: a.) the "discovery" of America during the sixteenth century CE when Europeans entered in contact with Aztecs, Cakchiquels, and Andeans; b.) the encounters with the civilisations in Tahiti and Hawaii during the eighteenth century CE, and c.) the ancient Egyptian arrival at Punt during the fifteenth century BCE under the reign of queen Hatshepsut. Although spatially and chronologically separated by thousands of miles and hundreds of years, in all of these cases the "encounterers" (i.e., the ones who were moving towards the unknown or distant and contemporaries who were writing their own history) tended to project a self-perceived supremacy over the encountered people, configured as a spontaneous feeling of their supremacy over the local population (hence a "counterfeit" emic notion). In all the above cases, the "encountering" event gave rise to the creation of an "apotheosis" myth, in which the encounterers were supposed to be seen, and believed in, as "gods coming from the sky." Applying concepts from the cognitive science to these historical events, the article aims to scrutinize the mental categories that tended to generate such a belief of divine superiority projected in the vision of the Other. Rather than being marginalized as an episodic event, the formation of an apotheosis myth can be interpreted as part of a global process, which emerges in the human mind-frame, solicited by mental processes and in contact with a number of similar external outputs.
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apotheosis myth; European "discovery" of America; Hernán Cortés; Hawaii; Tahiti; Cook; Lono; Punt; queen Hatshepsut; reliefs of Deir el-Bahri; encountering with the unknown; mysterious, distant, and exotic lands; cognitive approach; behavioural output; mental process
Journal of Egyptian History
Volume 13: Issue 1-2
History, Ancient Near East and Egypt, Codicology, Papyrology & Philology
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Taterka, F. "Hatshepsut's Expedition to the Land of Punt—Novelty or Tradition?" In Current research in Egyptology 2015: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Symposium; University of Oxford, United Kingdom, 15–18, April 2015, C. Alvarez, A. Belekdanian, A.K. Gill, and S. Klein, eds., 114–123. CRE 16. Oxford/Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2016. )| false
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text:
Q: EC2 user data script crashes during SVN update I'm trying to use EC2 user data script shebang functionality to update an SVN repository that is already checked out on the instance's EBS image and then run some other commands. The script is consistently crashing during the svn up command, leaving most or all of the files within the repo in a locked state. None of the commands after the svn up command run.
My user data script looks like this:
#!/bin/bash
echo "about to update..." >> /home/ubuntu/test.log
svn up /home/ubuntu/path/to/repository
echo "update finished" >> /home/ubuntu/test.log

The svn up does not finished correctly and the second echo command does not execute.
I'm not seeing any errors in any logs (I'm not exactly sure which logs I should be scouring over, but I've looked through all the obvious ones). Any ideas why svn would be failing?

A: Permissions problem?  Try:
sudo svn up ...

A: I finally figured out a way to get this working. Instead of calling svn up directly within my user data script, I compiled a simple C app that does the svn up and execute that in the user data script instead:
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void) {
    execl("/usr/bin/svn", "svn", "update", "/path/to/repository/", (const char *) NULL);
    return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Unfortunately, I'm not quite sure why this works. I thought to try this because we had a similar issue in a SVN post-commit hook that required the same solution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Checking the data in the file and only accepting the required number of parameters to calculte the area using bash script Part 1) My script allows the command line options -r, -c, and -t for rectangle, circle and trapezoid respectively.  The rectangle option requires two arguments, the length and the width.  The circle option requires one argument, the radius.  The trapezoid option requires three arguments, the height and each of the parallel bases.
Part 2) The script allows the option, -f.  When this option is used in conjunction with -r, -c, or –t, each option takes one argument, the name of the input file.  The input values would be read from the input file one line at a time and the areas printed to stdout. The script should terminate when a value of –1 is read.
I have part 1 and part 2 both done except the script terminating when -1 is read. What I want to do on the second part is for the rectangle when i give it an input file is to check whether that file has 2 values in each line or not. If it does not have 2 values then echo "file has invalid set(s) of data". Same with circle, it should not accept anything that has more or less value than 1 in each line of th input file and for trapezoid 3.
        filename=$OPTARG;;
        while read -a line
        do
            if (( $choice == 1 ))
                    then
                            Area=`echo "scale=3; ${line[0]}*${line[1]}" | bc`;
                            echo "Area of the rectangle is $Area";

            fi
            if (( $choice == 2 ))
                    then
                            Pi=3.1416
                            Area=`echo "scale=3; ${line[0]*$line[0]}*$Pi" | bc`;
                            echo "Area of the circle is $Area";

            fi
            if (( $choice == 3 ))
                then
                            Area=`echo "scale=3; (${line[0]}+${line[1]})/2*${line[2]}" | bc`;
                            echo "Area of the trapezoid is $Area";

            fi
            done < "$filename"

A: just grep for -1 in the file and echo $?. This will be zero if -1 is present and 1 if -1 is not present.
To check the no. of values passed do the following
SEPERATOR=" ";
#Assumed that seperator is space in your case
#remove all ending spaces
sed -i 's/ *$//g' $filename
#take the count of columns seperated by spaces
cat $filename | grep -o " " | wc -l
#this value +1 gives you the total values in the file

Hope this hellps


Bill Barhydt, a former cryptographer at the Central Intelligence Agency, and the founder of cryptocurrency investment platform Abra, maps out how cryptocurrency can operate outside of the current regulatory environment to power a crypto bank.
In a new Off the Chain interview with host Anthony Pompliano of Morgan Creek Digital, Barhydt notes that is collective experience is various industries – from intelligence to the internet to finance – has all come together, allowing him and his team to lay the groundwork for a radically different banking model for everyday people.
Barhydt says he's well-versed in money service business rules because of his work on Dodd-Frank where he joined a group of tech leaders to address and refine the policy language regarding remittance rules.
His extensive knowledge base led him to strategize and figure out the best way to leverage cryptocurrencies to reinvent modern banking. The key to a new model is recognizing the capabilities and the power of Bitcoin, a worldwide currency with a global user base, as programmable money.
The end game is to use cryptocurrency in a new paradigm – beyond the regulators.
"The long play for Abra is to develop a crypto bank. What does a crypto bank mean? From my perspective, it reverses the model of a central bank-based custodianship model to one where the consumer is in control of their own funds – whether it's for investing, which there are lots of examples beyond just investing in crypto, credit or person-to-person money transfer and remittances, which is one of the big reasons I started Abra in the first place.
You can actually do all of those transaction types in a model where you're in control of your own money for the first time, without having to understand the nuances of how the crypto works, or Abra having to be licensed in 175 countries to execute those transactions.
We've developed a model which is free of, effectively, SEC, CFTC or European e-money style regulation because of the fact that we're not a custodian of consumer funds. We're not developing swap execution facilities or other security-based products doing this. We're entering into very simple crypto contracts which are effectively able to roll over either daily, weekly, monthly, whatever system we set up.


text:
Style Spy
Beauty Bites
Introducing the Australian HAMILTON Cast
HAMILTON's original Tony®, Grammy®, Olivier and Pulitzer Prize winning creative team have confirmed the full company for the new Australian production opening at the Sydney Lyric Theatre, beginning 17 March 2021.
The Australian company is led by Jason Arrow as Alexander Hamilton, Chloé Zuel as Eliza Hamilton, Lyndon Watts as Aaron Burr, Akina Edmonds as Angelica Schuyler, Matu Ngaropo as George Washington, Victory Ndukwe as Marquis de Lafayette/Thomas Jefferson, Shaka Cook as Hercules Mulligan/James Madison, Marty Alix as John Laurens/Philip Hamilton, Elandrah Eramiha as Peggy Schuyler/Maria Reynolds and Brent Hill as King George III.They are joined by Kirrah Amosa, Daniel Assetta, Kyla Bartholomeusz, Isaac Bradley, Olivia Carniato, Luca Dinardo, Jeffery Duffy,Keanu Gonzalez, Winston Hillyer, Jimmie "J.J." Jeter, Julian Kuo, Iosefa Laga'aia, Stefan Lagoulis, Ashton Lash, Loredo Malcolm, Jayme Jo Massoud, James Maxfield, Callan Purcell, Zelia Rose, Tainga Savage, Jas Smith-Sua, Tigist Strode, Kim Taylor, Romina Villafranca and Zachary Webster completing the Australian company of 35 performers.
HAMILTON's Writer and Composer Lin-Manuel Miranda commented "I am incredibly excited by the cast we have assembled for the premiere of HAMILTON in Australia. While theatres around the world have been forced to temporarily shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken this time to bring together a truly incredible ensemble to tell this story. Led by Jason Arrow as Alexander Hamilton, this cast has such incredible talent, warmth and power. I know they will thrill and move audiences in Sydney when it's safe to return."HAMILTON's Choreographer Andy Blankenbuehler said: "As a choreographer, there's nothing more thrilling than to see the team's vision come to life on stage, and with HAMILTON companies around the world, that vision has just been dazzling, time and time again. But I think we're going to be pushing things to new heights with the exciting company that's been assembled in Australia. Their talent and passion are all simply top notch, and I simply cannot wait for the world to see them!"
HAMILTON's Orchestrations/Co-Arranger Alex Lacamoire said: "The score for HAMILTON makes large musical demands of its actors as it requires a specialised kind of dexterity to execute the complex songs. I was delighted to find so many skilled performers in Australia and I'm excited about the local talent that we've assembled, because I feel they will interpret our show's music with immense power and passion."HAMILTON's Director Thomas Kail added "I have been deeply impressed by the exceptionally talented and diverse candidates from all over Australia and New Zealand. The level of talent that will play in Sydney is first-rate – rivalling both Broadway and the West End. I cannot wait for audiences to watch this dynamic cast dazzle eight times a week."
The Australian production of HAMILTON at the Sydney Lyric Theatre is currently on sale. Due to unprecedented demand, additional performances will go on sale at 10am Friday 13 November, with the production now booking through to 5 September 2021. Tickets only available at Ticketmaster.
HAMILTON premiered on Broadway in August 2015 to wide critical and audience acclaim. The show has won Tony®, Grammy®, and Olivier Awards, the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and an unprecedented special citation from the Kennedy Center Honors.
Featuring a score that blends hip-hop, jazz, R&B and Broadway, HAMILTON has taken the story of American founding father Alexander Hamilton and created a revolutionary moment in theatre – a musical that has had a profound impact on culture, politics and education.With book, music and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda, direction by Thomas Kail, choreography by Andy Blankenbuehler and musical supervision and orchestrations by Alex Lacamoire, HAMILTON is based on Ron Chernow's acclaimed biography.
The HAMILTON creative team previously collaborated on the 2008 Tony Award-winning Best Musical In the Heights. Scenic design is by David Korins, costume design by Paul Tazewell, lighting design by Howell Binkley, sound design by Nevin Steinberg, hair and wig design by Charles G. LaPointe. A filmed version of the original Broadway cast was released on Disney+ on 3 July 2020.
The Australian production of HAMILTON is produced by Jeffrey Seller, Sander Jacobs, Jill Furman, The Public Theater and Michael Cassel. The Australian premiere of HAMILTON is supported by the NSW Government through its tourism and major events agency Destination NSW.
Source: HAMILTON
melissahoyer
Exclusive Brand – Raynaud Porcelain at Fairfax & Roberts
First Peoples Storytellers take centre stage in 2021 Yellamundie festival program
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Sydney Film Festival: Summer Season, New To Sydney Festival, Opens Next Week
© Melissa Hoyer 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


General Brahe and Colonel Utt, on behalf of the USE and the SoTF respectively, had stayed busy chasing the Irish dragoons while everyone else in the region was thinking about Lorraine. After the raid against the Merckweiler-Pechelbronn oil fields, they kept up the pursuit across the Province of the Upper Rhine, managing to capture the four colonels' baggage train before it crossed the Rhine at Germersheim.
The bad news was the discovery of sick people in it. One of the down-time medics proclaimed loudly that the illness was plague.
Gustav Horn found it hard to believe that he was sitting in his tent, politely entertaining the envoy from Bernhard. This time the previous year, he had been busily maneuvering to keep the man out of as much of Swabia as possible, so Gustavus Adolphus could operate untrammeled in the north.
"At the insistence of the three Padua doctors sent by the regent of Tyrol and the up-time nurse, Frau Dunn, the grand duke has cooperated in setting up a strict quarantine of the border between northern and southern Alsace. Strassburg and Mülhausen have also instituted quarantines for travelers coming from the north. If those succeed, we hope that the Franche Comté can close its western border with France and thus buffer the Grand Duke's Swabian territories–and, incidental to that, buffer you.
Niels Brahe and Derek Utt kept busy all the rest of April chasing the Irish dragoons through the Province of the Upper Rhine and Swabia.
Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine and heir to the duke of Pfalz-Veldenz, showed up at Brahe's camp at Maulbronn, coming from Augsburg with a "must hire" letter, written by Margrave Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach and endorsed personally by the emperor.
Since the count had served as a Swedish officer for years and nobody had ever called him incompetent–not to mention that he was a son of the emperor's first cousin, a grandson of Anna Maria Vasa–Brahe shrugged and slotted him into von Zitzewitz's regiment, which had lost a couple of officers during the season's campaigning.
"I'm surprised your father lets his heir go into combat," von Zitzewitz said.
"Monsieur Gaston is most sincerely grateful for your permission to recruit in Sedan," Clicquot said.
"Why Étain?" the dragoon colonel Cliquot had hired in Sedan asked.
Unfortunately for the local population, Étain was where the French money ran out.
These Snippets are coming rather fast, is the book due out soon?
I haven't been given a release date and was told to do it (and another one) daily because the "release date" would be sooner than if it was published by Baen or another larger publisher.
Can't find ist at Amazon.
Small press so they likely won't put it up until closer to when they'll release it.


Hi lovelies, today is a bit of a different post but just before we begin I should state that I'm not writing this post to bash the people behind Disflix - I'm sure they're already having a pretty difficult time from the general reaction to their project but I thought it was important to talk about the Disflix idea as a whole and the impact it could have had on the Disney community because it raised some important issues I don't think we always talk about.
If you somehow missed the social media storm in the Disney community over the past few days, a group of Walt Disney World vloggers announced that they would be launching a new project called "Disflix" which would be a pay-monthly service ($10 I believe) where subscribers could access exclusive videos related to WDW such as trip planning tips and live streams from the parks. However after a lot of backlash from the community, the project was shut down yesterday. While I have absolutely no problem with content creators being paid for their hard work, unfortunately I don't think the team behind Disflix thought out the practicalities of their payment model and how this could conflict with Disney's rules, and consequently the larger impact this could have upon Disney content creators of all types.
As I'm sure was the case with the people behind Disflix, anyone who creates non-official Disney content, whether it be Disney vloggers, bloggers or merchandise creators, we do so out of a love and passion for Disney. However we are all on incredibly thin ice with the Disney Company. At any point Disney could decide that nobody is allowed to call themselves Disney vloggers or bloggers anymore, and they could entirely stop people from using their imagery in merchandise.
I think most Disney fan creators realise how fragile our relationship with Disney is but the problem with Disflix is that it inadvertently put all of us at risk. While at the moment the Disney Company seems to be open to working with unofficial Disney brands and creators, such as it's acceptance and promotion of DisneyBounding, they could revoke this well within their rights at any point if they deem us to be becoming a problem for them. I therefore think this is the reason that most people had issue with Disflix - it unfortunately violated some of Disney's rules (such as not profiting off any footage filmed in the parks) and if it had continued it may have put the rest of us in danger as well.
Again I don't mean this post to pick on the team behind Disflix but I think moving forward this is something we need to keep in our minds in future. Anyone who creates Disney-based content relies on the Disney Company's acceptance of fan-produced work so it's important that we try our best to stick within any guidelines and rules so we can all continue to spread our love of Disney unhindered.


text:
Q: Getting covariance matrix of fitted parameters from scipy optimize.least_squares method I am using scipy.optimize's least_squares method in order to perform a constrained non-linear least squares optimization. I was wondering how I would go about getting the covariance matrix of the fitted parameters in order to get error bars on the fit parameters?
This seems to be pretty clear for curve_fit and leastsq, but not so clear (at least to me) for the least_squares method.
One approach I have been doing is since I know that least_squares returns the Jacobian matrix J (which is the "jac" return value), then what I do is I approximate the Hessian H by 2*J^T J. Finally, the covariance matrix is H^{-1}, which is therefore approximately (2*J^T J)^{-1}, but I'm worried this may be too coarse of an approximation for the covariance?

A: curve_fit itself uses a pseudoinverse of the jacobian from least_squares, https://github.com/scipy/scipy/blob/2526df72e5d4ca8bad6e2f4b3cbdfbc33e805865/scipy/optimize/minpack.py#L739
One thing to note is that this whole approach is dubious if the result is close to the bounds.

A: Actually in optimize.least_squares I recover the same errors both from optimize.leastsq and optimize.curve_fit using:
hess_inv = (J.T J)^{-1}
They explain this approximation in: Why is the approximation of Hessian=JT J
reasonable?
On the other hand, I recover the same errors from optimize.minimize minimizing by least squares and using the expression you mentioned:
hess_inv = (2 J.T J)^{-1}

Code
Using this example and calculating the errors of the fit as the square root of the diagonal elements of the covariance, which is given by hess_inv * residual variance (as in this post):
import numpy as np
from scipy import optimize
import random

np.random.seed(0)

#True parameters
def f( x, p):
    return p[0]*x + 0.4*np.sin(p[1]*x) + p[2]
p = np.array([1, 40, 2])

print('True p: ', p)

#Generate random data
xdata = np.linspace(0., 1, 120)
ydata = f(xdata, p) +  np.random.normal(0., 0.2, len(xdata))

#Fits
pstart = [1,42,1]
errFunc = lambda p, x, y: f(x,p) - y

#Error of parameters
def errFit(hess_inv, resVariance):
    return np.sqrt( np.diag( hess_inv * resVariance))

#optimize.leastsq
fit, hess_inv, infodict, errmsg, success = optimize.leastsq(errFunc, pstart, args=(xdata, ydata), full_output=1)
dFit = errFit(hess_inv, (errFunc(fit, xdata, ydata)**2).sum()/(len(ydata)-len(pstart) ) )
print('leastsq:\n\tp: ' , fit, '\n\tdp: ', dFit)

#optimize.curve_fit
fit, cov = optimize.curve_fit(lambda x, p0, p1, p2: f(x, [p0, p1, p2]), xdata, ydata, p0=pstart)
dFit = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov))
print('curve_fit:\n\tp: ' , fit, '\n\tdp: ', dFit)

#optimize.minimize
result = optimize.minimize(lambda p,x,y: np.sum( errFunc(p,x,y)**2 ), pstart,  args=(xdata, ydata))
dFit = errFit( result.hess_inv,  result.fun/(len(ydata)-len(pstart)) )
print('minimize:\n\tp: ' , result.x, '\n\tdp: ', dFit)

#optimize.least_squares
result = optimize.least_squares(errFunc, pstart, args=(xdata, ydata))
dFit = errFit( np.linalg.inv(np.dot(result.jac.T, result.jac)), (errFunc(result.x, xdata, ydata)**2).sum()/(len(ydata)-len(pstart) ) )
dFit2 = errFit( np.linalg.inv(2 * np.dot(result.jac.T, result.jac)), (errFunc(result.x, xdata, ydata)**2).sum()/(len(ydata)-len(pstart) ) )
print('least_squares:\n\tp: ' , result.x, '\n\tdp: ', dFit, '\n\tdp2: ', dFit2)

Output:
True p:  [ 1 40  2]
leastsq:
    p:  [ 1.0309677  40.11550517  2.01042538]
    dp:  [0.06615346 0.11975949 0.03823861]
curve_fit:
    p:  [ 1.0309677  40.11550517  2.01042538]
    dp:  [0.06615346 0.11975949 0.03823861]
minimize:
    p:  [ 1.03096783 40.1155004   2.01042534]
    dp:  [0.04706757 0.08684545 0.02719714]
least_squares:
    p:  [ 1.03096771 40.11550517  2.01042538]
    dp:  [0.06615349 0.11975979 0.03823862]
    dp2:  [0.04677758 0.08468296 0.02703878]


text:
Vacationing Dorothy Poland made a long long distance
Chad Dryden
Vacationing Dorothy Poland made a long long distance call on Feb. 14 from Australia to Bonaire, Ga. She was eager to find out the name of her 21st grandchild. Her son, Patrick, a captain in the U.S. Air Force, was pleased to tell her Sean Patrick had joined the family of Elizabeth, 5, Grace, 3, and Lillian, 2. The baby weighed in at 7 pounds, 6 ounces and was 21 inches long with long, black hair. Mom Elaine is doing fine, too. Maternal grandparents Walter and Elizabeth Lestock of Solon were able to visit the newest family member after Elaine and Sean arrived home. Recently, Mike and Teresa Bica were guests of Mikes cousin, Jack Vaccaro, and his wife, Sheila, at their condo near Liberia, Costa Rica. The highlight of the trip for Mike was going charter fishing in the Pacific Ocean and catching a 75-pound rooster fish. They both experienced the Witchs Rock Canopy Tour over the rain forest by traveling 350 feet above the ground and sliding on a cable to 12 platforms, walking on three suspension bridges and climbing up steel ladders to higher elevations. More relaxed experiences were enjoyed at the Tabacon Resorts 12 hot mineral springs at the base of the Arenal Volcano and a sunset cruise on a catamaran. Ill bet the Bicas are planning another vacation. They go on the neatest trips. Tony Profio and Joe Cariglio were presented with a gold card commemorating 50 years of membership in the National Association of Letter Carriers. They also received gold pins and a letter of appreciation from the president of the association. A number of carriers from our local post office also attended this affair in Barberton. Im sure a lot of us remember these two fine former mail carriers and congratulate them for their dedication. The Auxiliary of Robinson Memorial Hospital will host a Victorian Rose benefit and style show luncheon at 11 a.m. April 26 at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine in Rootstown. This years theme will be quite different from the past as they will feature vintage clothing along with a Chinese raffle and silent auction. Chairmen Jane Minard and Deborah Solan, along with their committees, are busy working to make this a fun and worthwhile day. Profits will continue to help fulfill the auxiliarys commitment to support Robinson Memorial Hospital. Call Jeanne Tondiglia at (330) 297-1866 for ticket information. I had one of the most enjoyable times recently when Betty Carter hosted a luncheon for a few of her legion of friends at Ciprianos Restaurant in Ravenna. The women seated at my table were all so interesting and diverse that it made for great conversation. The group consisted of Jill and Harriet Piccione, Eve Tsai, Greta Nordhoff, Fanny Spagnuolo, Becky and Charlotte Garro, Justine Trivelli, Kathy Palmerton, Carol Garrett and Carol Ford. Becky just returned from a trip to Chicago with in-laws, Chet and Marie Garro. They took little 16-month Fiona Bartholomew home to parents Dawn (Garro) and Jon Bartholomew. Chet did all the driving (tell you anything?). The three Garros, along with Chuck, recently vacationed in Florida. Harriet and Dave Piccione and daughter, Megan, also just returned from Dallas visiting her parents. They enjoyed shopping, eating and a much-needed rest. In February, they were in Las Vegas. Kathy Palmerton and husband, Keith, returned from the Florida Keys and Everglades, where they visited her parents, Burt and Susie Frank. Portage County Commissioner Maureen Frederick announced a resolution from the commissioners proclaiming March 31 Betty Carter Day. She was seated with Catherine Maroni, Marguerite Harris, Jewell Keyser and Ruth Young. Betty had at her table Edna Clay, Rose Riddle and Betsy Whitmore. When Cleon Cipriano could break away, she sat and chatted as well. Its great we all have wonderful friends and this luncheon confirmed it. Gorgeous long-stemmed roses from City Gardener were parting gifts to us from our gracious hostess. Betty will be moving to Hebron, Tenn., to live with her son and his family. We will all miss this beautiful lady.Linda and Scott Fosnights next tag sale will be held April 26 and 27 at 415 Valleyview in Kent. The sales will start at 9 a.m. and finish at 5 p.m. and are always a lot of fun. So many of us follow their sales that we meet old friends as well as attend a good sale. On May 3 and 4, another sale will be held at 121 Forest Drive in Kent. Hope to see you there.For Ravenna news, call Angie Reedy at (330) 297-7228.


Are you looking for a safe, spacious place to enjoy a spot of kiteboarding? Would you like that kiteboarding spot to be in East Africa, in Kenya to be more precise? And out of all of Kenya, would you like that kiteboarding spot to be somewhere near Mombasa, the second largest city in Kenya, on the coast of the Indian Ocean? If you answered "yes" to all those questions, then I present to you Galu Beach, an all-round kiteboarding spot 15km south of Mombasa.
The best months to go to Galu Beach for wind are January, February, July, and August. The following months cannot be classified as the best, but they can prove to be pretty good nonetheless: March, June, September, and December. It rains in April and May, so avoid these months. It's flat calm in October and November, so avoid these months as well.
The wind blows from the N, NE, S, SE (side onshore, side shore) at Force 4-5. From December until March the "Kaskazi" wind blows from the N and NE. In April and May, as mentioned above, it starts to rain. From June until the end of September the "Kusi" wind starts to blow from the S, SE; this wind can be pretty gusty. In October and November, as mentioned above, it's flat calm.
The air and water temperature is high all year round since Galu Beach is in an equatorial climate (about 30°C air temp, 28°C water temp). You will not need a wetsuit.
Galu Beach is a shallow, flat water spot. It is impossible to ride the reef break at low tide when the reef is exposed. At high tide things are better because the reef is no longer exposed. But when the water covers the beach, it can be a bit tricky to launch and land.
Other activities you may enjoy: fishing, surfing, sailing, scuba diving, windsurfing.
The following facilities are available: accommodation, school, shop, rental, rescue, shower, toilet, food, parking.
Don't be afraid to tell the beach boys to leave you alone if they get to annoying.


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The rollout of initiatives outlined in the first two Community Safety Statements means that Victorians can expect to see not just new actions and activity, but real improvements in community safety.
new mobile police stations to tackle crime when and where it happens.
extra mobile policing units to stamp out crime at a local level.
more ways to contact police and resolve non-emergency issues.


text:
The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power
Thomas J. Christensen, The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015).
This compelling assessment of U.S.-China relations is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of the globalized world.
Many see China as a rival superpower to the United States and imagine the country's rise to be a threat to U.S. leadership in Asia and beyond. Thomas J. Christensen argues against this zero-sum vision. Instead, he describes a new paradigm in which the real challenge lies in dissuading China from regional aggression while encouraging the country to contribute to the global order. Drawing on decades of scholarship and experience as a senior diplomat, Christensen offers a compelling new assessment of U.S.-China relations that is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of the globalized world.
The China Challenge shows why China is nowhere near powerful enough to be considered a global "peer competitor" of the United States, but it is already strong enough to destabilize East Asia and to influence economic and political affairs worldwide. Despite China's impressive achievements, the Chinese Communist Party faces enormous challenges. Christensen shows how nationalism and the threat of domestic instability influence the party's decisions on issues like maritime sovereignty disputes, global financial management, control of the Internet, climate change, and policies toward Taiwan and Hong Kong.
China benefits enormously from the current global order and has no intention of overthrowing it; but that is not enough. China's active cooperation is essential to global governance. Never before has a developing country like China been asked to contribute so much to ensure international stability. If China obstructs international efforts to confront nuclear proliferation, civil conflicts, financial instability, and climate change, those efforts will falter, but even if China merely declines to support such efforts, the problems will grow vastly more complicated.
Analyzing U.S.-China policy since the end of the Cold War, Christensen articulates a balanced strategic approach that explains why we should aim not to block China's rise but rather to help shape its choices so as to deter regional aggression and encourage China's active participation in international initiatives that benefit both nations.
Hardcover:400 pages
Publisher: W. Norton & Company; 1 edition (June 8, 2015)
ISBN-10:0393081133
ISBN-13:978-0393081138
ENDORSEMENTS & REVIEWS
"Can a rising power and an established power cooperate toward mutually beneficial aims? The China Challenge presents a thoughtful analysis of this question through the lens of recent developments in U.S.-China relations." — Henry A. Kissinger
"There is no one I would rather read on China than Tom Christensen. He has the rare ability to transcend the conventional either/or debates about China and to see the country simultaneously as a power with the potential to disrupt global politics in many negative ways and as a country that the United States must engage as a partner in solving global problems. He also has a deep and much needed understanding of how Chinese domestic politics shape Chinese foreign policy. If you read only one book on China, make it The China Challenge." — Anne-Marie Slaughter, president, New America Foundation
"The rise of China is one of the prime challenges for American foreign policy. Thomas Christensen uses his first rate credentials both as a scholar and a practitioner to give a clear and compelling answer to this challenge." — Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Harvard University, and former Assistant Secretary of Defense
"Christensen is one of the world's leading China experts, an experienced senior policymaker, and a top-notch international relations theorist. The China Challenge is outstanding, a must-read for anybody interested in China, American foreign policy, or global affairs more generally." — Gideon Rose, editor, Foreign Affairs
Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Thomas J. Christensen is the William P. Boswell Professor of World Politics and director of the China and the World Program at Princeton University. He lives in Princeton, New Jersey.


Public bathroom, located at the central bus station in Voronezh has no heating, electricity and water, since the beginning of the year. Toilet fee is 15 rubles, which is around $0.25. The place is lit up with candles inserted in plastic bottles.
According to the manager of the bathroom Valentina Terekhina, the administration of the bus station is to blame for the problems, as it "kills a small business." Terekhina was renting the place from the bus station, till the end of 2016, when the bus station stopped taking rent. Then, they demanded to vacate the premises, followed by, cutting of a heating, water and electricity.
The representative of the bus station administration explained, that they can not rent out the toilet, since it is in the regional ownership. However, that didn't stop them to take money from the tenant in previous years.
So locals ended up with a public restroom, romantically lit by the candle lights.


Tha a' chuibhreann chlaistinneach seo o 'The Highlands of Scotland', leabhar le dealbhan a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 2000, le dealbhan camara le Cailean Baxter agus facail le Tormod Newton. Tha e air a leughadh an seo le Tormod Newton.
Rugadh Norman Newton ann an Glaschu ach chuir e seachad na bliadhnachan na dheugaire ann an Nelson an New Zealand agus chaidh e dhan cholaiste agus dhan oilthigh sna Stàitean Aonaichte mus do thill e a dh'Alba ann an 1971. Bha e ag obair aig Leabharlann Oilthigh Ghlaschu fad chòig bliadhna, ach o 1976 tha e air a bhith ag obair ann an leabharlannan poblach, an toiseach ann an Ceann Loch Chill' Chiarain ann an Earra-Ghàidheal agus bho 1980, ann an Inbhir Nis. Bho 1992 gu 1998 's e fear nan leabhraichean fiosrachaidh a bh' ann ann an Leabharlann Inbhir Nis agus an-diugh tha e na Àrd Leabharlannaiche aig Aonad Taic' nan Leabharlann, Rathad a' Chala, Inbhir Nis, agus 's ann air a tha an t-uallach airson Seirbheisean Iomraidh is Fiosrachaidh do Leabharlannan na Gàidhealtachd, aig a bheil barrachd air dà fhichead leabharlann.
Tha Norman Newton air a bhith an sàs ann am foghlam inbhich agus foghlam fad-beatha airson barrachd air trithead bliadhna, a' dèanamh òraidean do chlasaichean oidhche air iomadh diofar chuspair mu eachdraidh sgìreil. Tha e air àireamh de leabhraichean a sgrìobhadh mu eileanan Alba agus tha e air tadhal air a' chuid as motha dhiubh sin fhad 's a bha e a' teagasg agus a' rannsachadh.
Tha a' chuibhreann chlaistinneach seo o 'The Highlands of Scotland', leabhar le dealbhan a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an 2000, le dealbhan camara le Cailean Baxter agus facail le Tormod Newton. Tha e air a leughadh an seo le Tormod Newton.

 'The west coast of the Highlands north of Kyle of Lochalsh is a land of sculpted mountain peaks, sinuous sea lochs winding their way deep into the coastal landscape, wonderful sunsets, crofting townships, sandy beaches and dramatic cliff scenery. The road system, often single-track, has all sorts of interesting twists and turns to explore, though in the busy summer months time and patience are needed to negotiate some stretches. The district name for the west side of the old amalgamated county of Ross and Cromarty is Wester Ross, to distinguish it from Easter Ross on the eastern side of the country north of Dingwall, facing the North Sea. The main town of Wester Ross is Ullapool, ferry gateway to Stornoway and the Western Isles.'

 Rugadh Norman Newton ann an Glaschu ach chuir e seachad na bliadhnachan na dheugaire ann an Nelson an New Zealand agus chaidh e dhan cholaiste agus dhan oilthigh sna Stàitean Aonaichte mus do thill e a dh'Alba ann an 1971. Bha e ag obair aig Leabharlann Oilthigh Ghlaschu fad chòig bliadhna, ach o 1976 tha e air a bhith ag obair ann an leabharlannan poblach, an toiseach ann an Ceann Loch Chill' Chiarain ann an Earra-Ghàidheal agus bho 1980, ann an Inbhir Nis. Bho 1992 gu 1998 's e fear nan leabhraichean fiosrachaidh a bh' ann ann an Leabharlann Inbhir Nis agus an-diugh tha e na Àrd Leabharlannaiche aig Aonad Taic' nan Leabharlann, Rathad a' Chala, Inbhir Nis, agus 's ann air a tha an t-uallach airson Seirbheisean Iomraidh is Fiosrachaidh do Leabharlannan na Gàidhealtachd, aig a bheil barrachd air dà fhichead leabharlann.

 Tha Norman Newton air a bhith an sàs ann am foghlam inbhich agus foghlam fad-beatha airson barrachd air trithead bliadhna, a' dèanamh òraidean do chlasaichean oidhche air iomadh diofar chuspair mu eachdraidh sgìreil. Tha e air àireamh de leabhraichean a sgrìobhadh mu eileanan Alba agus tha e air tadhal air a' chuid as motha dhiubh sin fhad 's a bha e a' teagasg agus a' rannsachadh.


text:
Q: Find a point that maximizes total distance from a set of points within a bounded area Given a set of points p, I would like to find a point within the space b that bounds the region of p that is as far distant as possible from all points within p.
This is in regards to implementing neighbor avoidance in a flocking simulation as per Craig Reynolds' Boids - if this isn't the best way to avoid neighbors I would love suggestions.
EDIT:
In other words, I'd like to find an arbitrary point that is as far from the other points in p as possible, while remaining within the bounding box around p.
By bounding box I mean the solution should be a point that has a y-coordinate that is between the upper and lowermost points, and an x coordinate that is between the left and rightmost points.
To put the question more abstractly, I am looking at this algorithm as a way to find a target for an agent that wants to stay within M units of its nearest neighbors while not getting closer than m units of them. The solution returned by this algorithm should return a point that has the largest distance between it and its closest neighbor.
This is in a 2D plane.

A: It sounds like the solution must lie on one of the intersections of the Voronoi diagram for the (other) agents. So an algorithmic solution is to construct the Voronoi diagram, iterate the intersections, and pick the one that has greatest shortest distance to a neighbor.

A: I think the farthest point should be either on the box boundary or at an equal distance between its two closest points. If it is not, then you should be able to shift it slightly to make it further from the closer of the two points. This puts it on a line of the diagram. One of the directions along that line will move it further from both points, so you could move it until that line joins another at a point. Therefore I would expect it to be either on the boundary, or on one of the intersections of a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram. You could check the corners of the boundary, where the lines of the Voronoi diagram intersect the boundary, and the intersections of the Voronoi diagram to find the farthest point. Even if you don't do it this way, you might find the Voronoi diagram useful as a way of finding nearest neighbours for another approach - some variety of branch and bound might work.