Priyanka Dutta, Sholoana Bangaliana- I heard you were the last minute addition to the cast of the film. How did that happen?
Koushani Mukherjee- Well, when the script was in the preliminary stage, I got a call from Dev who thought I would suit the role. But since I was busy with my other works, miscommunication happened. Then I got free from my work and I heard that Mimi di (Mimi Chakraborty) was doing the role. So I understood that they have finalized the role. Next I heard that they have some changes done. And lo, as luck would have it, I land up with the role. I guess I was destined to do the role.
How was the experience of working in the film?
Koushani Mukherjee- Uzbekistan is a virgin location for shooting purposes. The beauty of the place will mesmerize you. It was a good experience shooting the film. We had to face some hardships as the weather was too hot. I remember shooting for a song when I became so dehydrated that blood came out of my nose. However the end product is so beautiful that these hardships seem trivial now. People who can afford to go to Uzbekistan will surely go visit this place after watching the film. For those who cannot afford to go, they can watch the film and enjoy the beauty of the place.
Apart from shooting, I heard that you all did roam around the place during your free time. How was it?
Koushani Mukherjee- You asked the best person to answer this question. (laughs) Since it was an ensemble cast, we had free days in between shoots. So we roamed around and revelled in the beauty of nature. I remember visiting Bukhara. It is a stunning place. The beauty will make you gaze in disbelief. I even asked Dev to shoot a romantic song of us in this place. Since there were no plans of shooting at Bukhara, we were actually thinking of whom to call to write a song for us.
We also consumed different kinds of kebabs, desserts and a special pulao that they make. It was delicious. We were invited by the Uzbekistan Government one day and we went there. We were treated extremely well. They even played Hindi songs for us. We danced to the songs. In short, we had a blast.
Tell us something about the character you play in the film.
Koushani Mukherjee- Every character has a particular trait which sets it apart from the others. I will not reveal much as that will spoil the fun element. When people will see me in the film, they will have a hard time recognizing me in the role. I have even laughed many times when enacting the role. The character is very stupid and idiotic. Many a time, I had to reshoot some scenes as the director wanted me to do the scene in an even more dumb way. She is a lady who is busy with her household work, does puja, read books and often does not have time for her husband even. She sees everything but understands nothing. In short, she is very stupid and dumb.
How challenging was it to portray such a dumb character?
Koushani Mukherjee- When Aniket da briefed me about the role I knew what kind of character I was going to play. I knew it will be a huge challenge as I am not like her in real life. The character knew her husband is in Uzbekistan. If that was the case with me, I would easily understand that the person has gone to have some fun. But this lady instead takes the other wives and funds their tickets to Uzbekistan. You can very well understand the stupidity of the person that I had to play.
How is Dev as a producer and as a co-actor?
Koushani Mukherjee- This is an oft asked question. Dev is a senior actor who has been working for so many years now. He has earned the title of Superstar due to his hard work. I am no one to judge him as an actor. The audience have given their verdict.
As a producer, he has a cool temperament. With such a huge cast and shooting at a virgin location where no film has been shot before, keeping your cool is a huge task. He did that with much confidence. When the captain of the ship is so balanced, the other members of the team see him and follow his lead. I will give him a 9 as a producer.
Hoichoi Unlimited is releasing during the pujas. How much Hoichoi do you think it will create during the pujas?
Koushani Mukherjee- I have high expectations from the film as the film has everything-drama, romance, fun, great songs. In short it is a complete entertainment package for the audience during the Pujas. After pandal hopping, shopping, adda with friends and family, one must go to the hall to enjoy this film as you will leave the hall thoroughly entertained.
What are your other upcoming projects?
Koushani Mukherjee- Girlfriend with Bonny Sengupta is going to release before the Pujas I think and Jamai Bodol with Soham will release after the Pujas. I have three releases and I am so happy.
Priyanka Dutta takes a keen interest in lifestyle and entertainment related news. She also enjoys interviewing celebrities and other renowned personalities. Priyanka holds a post graduate degree in English and Mass Communication. Journalism is her passion and she has reported for many a reputed international web portals.


text:
Q: Complex root of $Z^{60}$ Find $z$ such that $z^{60}=-1$ but $z^{k} \neq -1$ with $k< 60$.

Try : $z$ must be of the form $e^{i \frac{(2m+1) \pi}{60}}$ for $0<=m<=59$. So $k$ must satisfy $k(2m+1)=60(2n+1)$.

A: I think the question makes more sense if it asks "Find $z$ such that $z^{60}=-1$ but $z^k\ne-1$ for $k<60$." In that case we have $z^{60}=-1=e^{i\pi}$, so a primitive solution is $z_1=e^{\frac{i\pi}{60}}$. Now if $0<n<120$ is not relatively prime to $60$, that is $\gcd(n,60)=d>1$, then $n=qd$ so $\frac{60}dn=60q$ and we have
$$\left(z_1^n\right)^{\frac{60}d}=z_1^{\frac{60}dqd}=z_1^{60q}=\left(e^{\frac{i\pi}{60}}\right)^{60q}=e^{i\pi q}=-1$$
provided $q$ is odd. The only way $q$ could be even is if $n$ were divisible by $8$ but then $$\left(z_1^8\right)^{60}=\left(z_1^{60}\right)^8=(-1)^8=1\ne-1$$
So we must have $\gcd(n,60)=1$ and $\phi(60)=\phi(4)\cdot\phi(3)\cdot\phi(5)=2\cdot2\cdot4=16$, so there are $8$ solutions for $0<n<60$, and since $60+n$ is a solution if $n$ is, there are 16 more solutions for $60<n<120$. The solutions are therefore $z=e^{\frac{n\pi i}{60}}$, $n\in\{1,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,49,53,59,61,67,71,73,77,79,83,89,91,97,101,103,107,109,113,119\}$

A:
Solve $z$ in this question:

*

*$$z^x=s$$

$$z^x=s\Longleftrightarrow$$
$$z^x=|s|e^{\arg[s]i}\Longleftrightarrow$$
$$z=\left(|s|e^{\left(2\pi k+\arg[s]\right)i}\right)^{\frac{1}{x}}\Longleftrightarrow$$
$$z=|s|^{\frac{1}{x}}e^{\frac{1}{x}\left(2\pi k+\arg[s]\right)i}$$
With $k\in\mathbb{Z}$ and $k:0-(x-1)$

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Diet, Nutrition and Abdominal Obesity
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Special Issue "Diet, Nutrition and Abdominal Obesity"
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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2020).
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Prof. Dr. Liliana G. González-Rodríguez
Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio, 28691 Madrid, Spain
Interests: nutrition; vitamin D; omega-3; oxidative stress; inflammation; insulin resistance; fertility; obesity; exercise science; epidemiology; public health
Prof. Dr. Aránzazu Aparicio Vizuete
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: nutrition; obesity; public health; children; cognitive function; elderly; micronutrients; epidemiology; insulin resistance; oxidative stress
Abdominal obesity has been associated with the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and cognitive impairment. A significant number of publications have analyzed general obesity, but fewer studies have quantified the prevalence of abdominal obesity among the population, or have studied its relationship with diet, nutrition, and other lifestyle factors.
This Special Issue will focus on the recent studies on the role of dietary patterns, energy balance and nutrients situation, number of meals and snacks consumed per day and composition, and the role of chrononutrition in relation with abdominal obesity in different age groups. It is necessary to delve into the knowledge of those dietary risk and protective factors related to abdominal obesity. In addition, it is essential to analyze the efficacy and safety of food-based interventions, dietary supplements, or of interventions that combine multiple approaches (e.g., dietary behavior changes, supplements, and physical activity, among others) so as to prevent or properly treat this health condition, both individually and collectively.
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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.
Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.
Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.
Abdominal obesity
Visceral adipose tissue
Meal timing and composition
Food intake
Nutrients intake
Risk and protective factors
Dietary preventive strategies
Dietary treatment interventions
Published Papers (7 papers)
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by Kippeum Lee , Heegu Jin , Sungwoo Chei , Jeong-Yong Lee , Hyun-Ji Oh and Boo-Yong Lee
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010201 - 13 Jan 2020
Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, and is caused when the energy intake is greater than the energy expenditure. We aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, and whether it induces browning [...] Read more.
Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, and is caused when the energy intake is greater than the energy expenditure. We aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, and whether it induces browning and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in white adipose tissue (WAT), using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. We determined the effects of dietary SP in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. The expression of adipose tissue-specific genes was quantified by western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence analysis. We also investigated whether SP directly induces browning in primarily subcutaneous WAT-derived adipocytes. Our findings demonstrate that SP has a browning effect in WAT by upregulating AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. SP also suppresses adipogenesis and promotes FAO, implying that it may have potential as an anti-obesity drug. Full article
by Pablo Galan-Lopez , Antonio J. Sanchez-Oliver , Maret Pihu , Thórdís Gísladóttír , Raúl Domínguez and Francis Ries
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010077 - 27 Dec 2019
Obesity, low levels of physical fitness, and unhealthy eating patterns are responsible for part of the health problems of adolescents today. The current study aimed at examining the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), through each answer to the items [...] Read more.
Obesity, low levels of physical fitness, and unhealthy eating patterns are responsible for part of the health problems of adolescents today. The current study aimed at examining the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), through each answer to the items of the Adherence to the MD Questionnaire (KIDMED), and physical fitness with body composition parameters (body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and waist circumference) in 1717 European adolescents (N = 900 boys, N = 817 girls). Data of body composition, physical fitness results, and the answers to KIDMED were analyzed by the Student's t-test. Additionally, the effect size (ES) was calculated and a Chi-square test analyzed the proportion of participants with and without over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight in each KIDMED question. The relative risk of suffering over waist circumference, overfat and overweight in relation to the responses was calculated by Odd-Ratio. Adherence to the MD did not influence the condition of over waist circumference, overfat and overweight, although certain dietary habits were identified as risk factors for their development. Over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight boys and girls presented higher levels of body mass, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73–3.38), as well as lower levels of all the parameters of the physical fitness analyzed (p < 0.001; ES = 0.45–1.08), except the handgrip test. A direct relationship between fitness and over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight was found. Full article
Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 379 KB)
Polarization of Macrophages in Human Adipose Tissue is Related to the Fatty Acid Spectrum in Membrane Phospholipids
by Rudolf Poledne , Hana Malinska , Hana Kubatova , Jiri Fronek , Filip Thieme , Sona Kauerova and Ivana Kralova Lesna
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010008 - 18 Dec 2019
Residential macrophages in adipose tissue play a pivotal role in the development of inflammation not only within this tissue, but also affect the proinflammatory status of the whole body. Data on human adipose tissue inflammation and the role of macrophages are rather scarce. [...] Read more.
Residential macrophages in adipose tissue play a pivotal role in the development of inflammation not only within this tissue, but also affect the proinflammatory status of the whole body. Data on human adipose tissue inflammation and the role of macrophages are rather scarce. We previously documented that the proportion of proinflammatory macrophages in human adipose tissue correlates closely with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. We hypothesized that this is due to the identical influence of diet on both parameters and decided to analyze the fatty acid spectrum in cell membrane phospholipids of the same individuals as a parameter of the diet consumed. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages were isolated from human adipose tissue (n = 43) and determined by flow cytometry as CD14+CD16+CD36high and CD14+CD16−CD163+, respectively. The spectrum of fatty acids in phospholipids in the cell membranes of specimens of the same adipose tissue was analyzed, and the proportion of proinflammatory macrophage increased with the proportions of palmitic and palmitoleic acids. Contrariwise, these macrophages decreased with increasing alpha-linolenic acid, total n-3 fatty acids, n-3/n-6 ratio, and eicosatetraenoic acid. A mirror picture was documented for the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages. The dietary score, obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, documented a positive relation to proinflammatory macrophages in individuals who consumed predominantly vegetable fat and fish, and individuals who consumed diets based on animal fat without fish and nut consumption. he present data support our hypothesis that macrophage polarization in human visceral adipose tissue is related to fatty acid metabolism, cell membrane composition, and diet consumed. It is suggested that fatty acid metabolism might participate also in inflammation and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Full article
Dietary and Plasma Carboxymethyl Lysine and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α as Mediators of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among Women in Indonesia
by Patricia Budihartanti Liman , Rina Agustina , Ratna Djuwita , Jahja Umar , Inge Permadhi , Helmizar , Adi Hidayat , Edith J.M. Feskens and Murdani Abdullah
Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 3057; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123057 - 14 Dec 2019
Dietary and plasma carboxymethyl lysine (dCML, pCML) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (pTNF-α) may be associated with obesity in affluent society. However, evidence in women from low-middle income countries with predominantly traditional diets is lacking. We investigated the mediator effects of dCML, pCML [...] Read more.
Dietary and plasma carboxymethyl lysine (dCML, pCML) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (pTNF-α) may be associated with obesity in affluent society. However, evidence in women from low-middle income countries with predominantly traditional diets is lacking. We investigated the mediator effects of dCML, pCML and pTNF-α on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among Indonesian women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 non-diabetic, non-anemic and non-smoking women aged 19–50 years from selected mountainous and coastal areas of West Sumatra and West Java. Dietary CML, pCML, pTNF-α were obtained from 2 × 24-h recalls, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Between-group differences were analyzed by the Chi-square or Mann-Whitney test and mediator effects by Structural Equation Modeling. The medians and interquartile-ranges of dCML, pCML and pTNF-α were 2.2 (1.7–3.0) mg/day, 22.2 (17.2–28.2) ng/mL and 0.68 (0.52–1.00) IU/mL, respectively, and significantly higher in the WC ≥ 80 cm than in the WC < 80 cm group, but not in BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to BMI < 25 kg/m2 group. Plasma CML and pTNF-α were positively and directly related to WC (β = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.33] and β = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.35], respectively). Dietary CML that correlated with dry-heat processing and cereals as the highest contributions was positively related to WC (β = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.12, 0.83]). Ethnicity, level of education, intake of fat, and intake of energy contributed to dCML, pCML and pTNF-α, and subsequently affected WC, while only ethnicity contributed to BMI through dCML, pCML and pTNF-α (β = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.14]). A positive direct effect of dCML on pCML and of pCML and pTNF-α on WC was seen among Indonesian women. Dietary CML seems to have several paths that indirectly influence the increases in WC if compared to BMI. Thus, intake of CML-rich foods should be reduced, or the foods consumed in moderate amounts to avoid the risk of central obesity in this population. Full article
Adherence to Time-Restricted Feeding and Impact on Abdominal Obesity in Primary Care Patients: Results of a Pilot Study in a Pre–Post Design
by Dorothea Kesztyüs , Petra Cermak , Markus Gulich and Tibor Kesztyüs
Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2854; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122854 - 21 Nov 2019
The epidemic of lifestyle-dependent diseases and the failure of previous interventions to combat the main causes demand an alternative approach. Abdominal obesity is associated with most of these diseases and is a good target for therapeutic and preventive measures. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) offers [...] Read more.
The epidemic of lifestyle-dependent diseases and the failure of previous interventions to combat the main causes demand an alternative approach. Abdominal obesity is associated with most of these diseases and is a good target for therapeutic and preventive measures. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) offers a low-threshold, easy-to-implement lifestyle-modification concept with promising results from animal testing. Here, we describe a pilot study of TRF with abdominally obese participants (waist-to-height ratio, WHtR ≥0.5) in a general practitioner's office. Participants (n = 40, aged 49.1 ± 12.4, 31 females) were asked to restrict their daily eating time to 8–9 hours in order to prolong their overnight fasting period to 15–16 hours. Questionnaires, anthropometrics, and blood samples were used at baseline and at follow-up. After three months of TRF, participants had reached the fasting target, on average, on 85.5 ± 15.2% of all days recorded. Waist circumference (WC) was reduced by −5.3 ± 3.1cm (p < 0.001), and three participants reached a WHtR <0.5. HbA1c was diminished by −1.4 ± 3.5 mmol/mol (p = 0.003). TRF may be an easily understandable and readily adoptable lifestyle change with the potential to reduce abdominal obesity and lower the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Further well-designed studies are necessary to investigate the applicability and usefulness of TRF for public health. Full article
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 185 KB)
Dysregulated Iron Metabolism-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts an Altered Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome
by Anggun Rindang Cempaka , Sung-Hui Tseng , Kuo-Ching Yuan , Chyi-Huey Bai , Alexey A. Tinkov , Anatoly V. Skalny and Jung-Su Chang
Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for [...] Read more.
Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for a dietary pattern analysis. DIM was defined as at least four of the following criteria: serum hepcidin (men >200 ng/mL and women >140 ng/mL), hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and two or more abnormal metabolic profiles. Compared to non-DIM patients, DIM patients were associated with an altered body composition and had a 4.52-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.95–10.49); p < 0.001) greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for covariates. A DIM-associated dietary pattern (high intake of deep-fried food, processed meats, chicken, pork, eating out, coffee, and animal fat/skin but low intake of steamed/boiled/raw foods and dairy products) independently predicted central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34; p < 0.05) and MetS (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.07–3.35; p < 0.05). Individuals with the highest DIM pattern scores (tertile 3) had a higher visceral fat mass (%) (β = 0.232; 95% CI: 0.011–0.453; p < 0.05) but lower skeletal muscle mass (%) (β = −1.208; 95% CI: −2.177–−0.239; p < 0.05) compared to those with the lowest DIM pattern scores (tertile 1). In conclusion, a high score for the identified DIM-associated dietary pattern was associated with an unhealthier body composition and a higher risk of MetS. Full article
Whey Protein Combined with Low Dietary Fiber Improves Lipid Profile in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
by Elin Rakvaag , Rasmus Fuglsang-Nielsen , Knud Erik Bach Knudsen , Rikard Landberg , Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt , Esben Søndergaard , Kjeld Hermansen and Søren Gregersen
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2091; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092091 - 04 Sep 2019
Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show that whey protein (WP) and dietary fiber may separately reduce postprandial TG. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of WP and dietary [...] Read more.
Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show that whey protein (WP) and dietary fiber may separately reduce postprandial TG. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber on postprandial TG. We aimed to investigate the separate and combined long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber from wheat bran on postprandial TG and markers of lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 73 adults were randomized to receive 60 g/day of either WP hydrolysate or maltodextrin (MD) combined with high-fiber wheat bran products (HiFi; 30 g dietary fiber/day) or low-fiber refined wheat products (LoFi; 10 g dietary fiber/day). A high-fat meal test was conducted before and after the intervention. Sixty-five subjects were included in the final analyses. There were no differences between intervention groups in postprandial TG assessed as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). WP-LoFi had reduced postprandial TG assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC) and reduced fasting TG compared with all other groups, and reduced fasting apolipoprotein B-48 compared with MD-LoFi. There were no changes in lipoprotein lipase activity. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 were reduced after WP intake compared with MD. Total cholesterol was increased after HiFi intake compared with LoFi. In conclusion, intake of WP in combination with low-fiber cereal products for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on postprandial TG tAUC and fasting TG, but not on postprandial TG iAUC in subjects with abdominal obesity. Combining WP with high-fiber wheat bran products did not improve lipid profile. Full article
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1808 Circular From George W. Campbell Decrying The Actions Of Britain And France As The War Of 1812 Looms
"Great Britain And France Seem To Vie With Each Other In Adopting The Most Effectual Measures In Their Power To Embarrass And Destroy Our Commerce" "….It May Become Indispensable Necessary For Us In Vindication Of Our National Rights and Independence, To Enter Into The Destructive Scenes Of War, The Last Appeal For Justice By An Injured Nation" GEORGE WASHINGTON CAMPBELL (1769-1848) American statesman who served as 5th United States Secretary of the Treasury and as a United States Senator. Printed Circular. Three pages. Washington City. April 14th, 1808. Franked by Campbell on integral address leaf: "Free Geo W. Campbell" and addressed in his hand to "John Coulter Esq Rutledge, Tennessee." The circular reads in part: "…our relation with the belligerent powers of Europe have not assumed a more favorable aspect. Great Britain and France seem to vie with each other in adopting the most effectual measures in their power to embarrass and destroy our commerce. The cause that produced the embargo law have not yet ceased; but on the contrary every act of those two great rival powers towards us affords new proof of the policy and necessity of the measure, at the time it was adopted, and of continuing in force until either justice be done us by those powers, or we are prepared to go to war to maintain those rights which have been so grossly violated. The arrival of Mr. Rose, the minister extraordinary from Great Britain to this country, excited some hopes that our differences with that nation would at length be amicably adjusted. But those hopes were considerably diminished when it was ascertained that his powers were confined to the outrage committed on our sovereignty in the affair of the Chesapeake alone. To remove however, all pretext on the part of Great Britain for refusing to make just and honorable reparation for this unprovoked set of hostility, acknowledged by herself to be authorized, and the pretended right under which it was done disavowed, our government agreed to separate the adjustment of this affair from the other matters of difference between the two nations; confidently relying there would then remain no obstacle to making the just reparation which the nature of the case and the wounded feelings and honor of this nation so imperiously required. But no sooner was the condition agreed to, than the British minister demanded as a preliminary to negotiation on the subject, that the proclamation of the President of the United states interdicting out ports and harbors to British armed vessels should be revoked … It was in fact adding insult to injury, by calling on the injured party to make concession in the first instance, instead of receiving, as our government had a right to expect, ample and unconditional reparation for an act that was acknowledged to be a lawless and unauthorized attack upon on sovereignty … Mr. Rose informed our government he was not authorized to make know even the nature or extent of the reparation that would be offered, until the proclamation was revoked; and this of course closed the discussion on this subject … By her orders of council which were issued in November last, Great Britain has in fact declared that every American vessel that sails on the ocean shall be subjected to capture and confiscation by her cruisers – be forced into her ports, there to pay such duties as her government may impose … his vessels are taken at seas, carried into the British ports, and there compelled to pay duties, which is in fact nothing less than forcing him to pay a tax on the products of his own country … The duties proposed to be laid, are also extravagant, beyond all calculation – being nine pence sterling per pound on cotton, more than its original cost, and more than 20 percent on most other articles. To such measures as these a free people will never submit … On the other hand France by her late decrees, has subjected to capture and confiscation, not only all neutral vessels having goods of British growth or manufacture on board, or destined for British port, but also all neutral vessels that shall submit to be visited and examined by British cruisers. The consequence of these orders and decrees is, that not a neutral ship can sail, that is not subject to confiscation, by one or other of the belligerent powers. Under such circumstances a continuance of the embargo for some time is rendered absolutely necessary. By it we impose a severe pressure on those nations, particularly as regards their West India colonies, which at the same time we preserve our merchandise and seamen from certain capture … it may become indispensable necessary for us in vindication of our national rights and independence, to enter into the destructive scenes of war, the last appeal for justice by an injured nation … In such crisis as the present, the most effectual way to preserve peace, is to be prepared for war. For this purpose, in addition to the authority given the Executive to erect fortifications and build gun-boats … a law has passed for raising an additional military force of about six thousand men, to aid in the general defense of the nation, and protect against sudden attacks the most exposed and vulnerable points of our extensive frontier, particularly New Orleans … A law has passed continuing in force the law authorize the President to call into actual service on hundred thousand militia, in case the exigency of the country shall require it …I know my fellow citizens will not be wanting in the day of danger. The patriotic flame of liberty will burn in every bosom, and inspire every true American to perform his duty …." Campbell's content rich circular provides in-depth insight into the difficulties facing the fledgling American nation following the close of the War of Independence with Great Britain and the subsequent Quasi-War with France. With the War of 1812 looming, American vessels were at constant threat of seizure by both European nations and American seamen found themselves impressed into the service of the British crown at every turn. Specifically, Campbell calls attention to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair of June 1807. The American vessel Chesapeake was fired upon by the British Leopard after refusing to comply with a British request to search the vessel for deserters. This attack was the precipitating factor that led to the War of 1812 and also drove the U.S. to institute the Embargo Act of 1807 against England, another subject of Campbell's circular. While diplomatic and economic attempts such as the ill-fated Embargo Act, which showed limited benefits internationally and served to increase political tensions within the United States itself, were initially adopted, tensions continued to build in the ensuing years, ultimately resulting once again in open hostilities with the British. Aside from this astounding content regarding the increasing tensions between the United States, France, and Britain, Campbell's circular also offers details on the current debt of the United States, and also comments upon a treaty made recently with the Choctaw nation that saw the U.S. obtain about five million acres in the Mississippi Territory and the passage of a law dividing the state of Tennessee. Some paper loss at usual folds throughout document, else Very Fine.
Catalog: # AA-0283
State: District Of Columbia
Topic: War of 1812
1821 Broadside Concerning Inspection And Review Of The Massachusetts Militia
Printed Document. Three pages,10" x 15 1/8". Roxbury. September 14, 1821. True, Green & Field, Printers, Boston. The document reads, in part: " … The following will be the form of Inspection and Review, on the second day of October next … The Battalions will be ordered by Colonels, from and intimating from the Inspector, into open columns of Companies, right and front … The Inspector approaches the companies, each captain will command Attention, spring Ramrods. At the last command, the privates and non commissioned staff, will face once and a half to the right, seizing the musket at the same time with the left hand, draw ramrods, spring them into the barrel, and come to the front, next, shoulder arms! - open pans! … At the word March, the Field and Staff Officers dismount, all the company officers, the colors and sergeants between them, will advances four paces to the front of the first rank, and place themselves opposite their respective positions in the order of battle … THE BRIDGADE WILL PASS IN REVIEW … MANOEUVRES OF BATTALTIONS … EVOLTUION OF THE LINE ... It is expect that every officer will make himself so familiar with his duty, that he will be able to give all orders, promptly, and see that they are correctly understood and faithfully executed. The utmost confidence s reposed in the zeal and martial disposition of the officers of the Brigade, to render the day honorable to themselves and the Commonwealth …" Usual folds. Overall Extremely Fine.
Topic: Broadsides
1821 Meeting Regarding Alterations To The Massachusetts Militia.
Printed Document. Three pages, 7 7/8" x 9 3/4". Greenfield. June 12, 1821. The document reads, in part: " … By direction of the members of the within mentioned meeting, we herewith transmit to you an account of their proceedings- You will perceive, that the object of this communication is to obtain your views, in regard to the amendment which ought to be made in the present militia system … It was the general sentiment of the officers at the meeting, that the Legislature would do nothing effectual, unless there was a very general concert and co-operation among the militia throughout the Commonwealth … The committee appointed to enquire into the defects of the present militia system, and to suggest some means by which they may be remedied, be leave to respectfully report, That they have attended to the duty assigned to them; and that in their opinion, the present militia system is defective in two particulars … First- It does not, so fully as it might be made to do, impose the burden of the common defense equally upon the whole community Secondly - The present method of conducting trainings and reviews admits of alterations, which, without materially adding to the burdens of those engaged, would tend greatly to increase the discipline and knowledge of the great body of the militia … " The document also lists the individuals present at the meeting and provides a brief report of the resolutions examined and voted upon at the meeting. Usual folds. Minor paper loss at edges. Overall Very Fine.
1822 Act Concerning The Massachusetts Militia
Printed Broadside. One page, 9 1/4" x 14". Massachusetts. 1822. The document reads, in part: " … An Act, in further addition to an Act, entitled 'An Act for regulating, governing, and training the militia of the Commonwealth … the following persons, not withstanding their being above the age of eighteen, and under the age of forty-five years, be, and they are hereby conditionally exempted from military duty … Licensed Physicians and Surgeons, all officers who have held, or may hereafter hold, a commission or commissions, in the army or nay of the United States … Sec 2 … That the uniform of the militia … shall be such as his Excellency the Commander in Chief shall prescribe … Sec 6 … That so much of the twenty-second section of the act to which this is an addition, as requires every town and district in the Commonwealth to provide and deposit, sixty-four pounds of good gun powder, for every sixty-four soldiers enrolled within said town …. Sec 10 … That any non commissioned officer or private, who shall refuse or neglect to give any notice or warning, when ordered thereto by the commanding office of the company to which he belongs, shall for such offence, forfeit not less than twenty, nor more than fifty dollars … Sec 17 all laws heretofore made, so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby repealed …" Following this act is a three section act entitled, "An Act for limiting the term of imprisonment for fines and forfeitures, incurred for breaches of the laws regulating the Militia of the Commonwealth." Some wrinkling and staining. Overall Fine.
1912 Election Of Presidential Electors For Franklin County, Indiana
Partially Printed Document. Four pages, 8 ½" x14". The document tallies the votes received by electors in Franklin County in each of the following categories: Democratic, Republican, Prohibition, Progressive, Socialist and Socialist Labor. Fold reinforced. Else Very Fine.
State: Indiana
Topic: Political Americana
1931 Princeton Banner
68 ½" x 31 ½". Black felt with orange felt block lettering. Known for its accomplishments in athletics as well as academics, Princeton participated in what is seen as the first ever American Football game against Rutgers in 1869, thus marking the birth of one of the nation's most popular sports. A great piece of memorabilia from one of America's most historic universities! Fine condition.
Topic: Miscellaneous
5 Naval Department Regulations And General Orders
5 ½" x 8 ½". 4 pp. Two copies of "Regulations for the Enlistment and Government of Apprentice Boys for the Navy." Navy Department, May 27, 1864. One copy has a stain at lower right on all four pages, but the text is unaffected. Good. 5 ½" x 8 ½". 4pp. "Navy Department, July 17, 1865. General Orders No. 63. It lists 10 cases brought against seaman. Nine were for desertion or absent without leave, all were found guilty. The 10th was against "James Simmons, Seaman, was tried & found guilty of 'Using seditious language, and evincing disloyalty, ....when the assassination of President Lincoln was announce....". Simmons was sentenced to two years in prison. Excellent. 5 ½" x 8 ½". 1 page. Navy Department, July 19, 1865. General Orders No. 64. The "Act to provide a more efficient discipline for the Navy". Small stain to extreme top edge affects nothing. Fine. 5 ½" x 8 ½". 1 page. Navy Department, June 29, 1865. General Orders No. 62. "The following named persons having had Medals of Honor awarded to them for distinguished services in battle....John Cooper...and Patrick Mullen...." Very Fine.
Topic: Naval History
A Fantastic Stevensgraph Advertising Item
3 ¼" X 15". A choice advertising item for Thomas Stevens being an imprinted paper "Thomas Stevens Coventry & London, Inventor and Manufacturer of Pure Silk Woven Book markers and Different Designs." Attached with a pin at top is the original large Stevensgraph ribbon as an integral part of the advertisement providing an example of the company's fine work. The ribbon depicts a church motif with three woman apparently viewing bibles upon a podium with the words "O Lord have Mercy Upon Us." A choice advertising item from Stevens, known for some of the finest work of this type. Couple of folds.
A Highly Attractive Engraved Missionary Membership Certificate
[MISSIONARY SOCIETY]. A fine engraved membership certificate measuring 20" x 16 ½". Great religious scene. March, 1870. "This certifies that Garrett De Bow, is a Life Member Philadelphia Conference Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church." Engraved by A. H. Ritchie from a painting by D. R. Knight. A small piece of paper missing at extreme bottom center margin not affecting any printed area. Superb for display.
Scott J. Winslow Associates, Inc.
Bedford, New Hampshire 03110-0240
PH: (800) 225-6233 FX: (603) 641-5583


I will guide the circle through a heart-opening meditation, an honoring and forgiveness intention-setting ritual with the intention incense papers. The Forgiveness Circle will be a sacred, loving, and protected space to share and honor experiences that make up our unique Soul journeys – the shadows and the Light. Together, we will release the weight of past pain and trauma.


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Q: Receiving "missing FROM-clause" Programming error in django query I am trying to write a query, that retrieves all subscriptions whose owners should be notified about it's expiry.
I would like to exclude the already notified subscriptions and subscriptions that have a newer subscription available.
The query is next:
Subscription.objects.filter(
    end_date__gte=timezone.now(),
    end_date__lte=timezone.now() + timedelta(days=14),
).exclude(
    Q(notifications__type=Notification.AUTORENEWAL_IN_14) | Q(device__subscriptions__start_date__gt=F('start_date'))
)

Without the | Q(device__subscriptions__start_date__gt=F('start_date') part, the query works perfectly. With it, django (postgres) raises the next error:
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: missing FROM-clause entry for table "u1"
LINE 1: ...ption" U0 INNER JOIN "orders_subscription" U2 ON (U1."id" = ...

I checked the sql and it seems incorrect:
SELECT "orders_subscription"."id",
       "orders_subscription"."months",
       "orders_subscription"."end_date",
       "orders_subscription"."start_date",
       "orders_subscription"."order_id",
       "orders_subscription"."device_id",
FROM "orders_subscription"
WHERE ("orders_subscription"."churned" = false
       AND "orders_subscription"."end_date" >= '2019-04-05T13:27:39.808393+00:00'::timestamptz
       AND "orders_subscription"."end_date" <= '2019-04-19T13:27:39.808412+00:00'::timestamptz
       AND NOT (("orders_subscription"."id" IN
                   (SELECT U1."subscription_id"
                    FROM "notifications_notification" U1
                    WHERE (U1."type" = 'AUTORENEWAL_IN_2W'
                           AND U1."subscription_id" IS NOT NULL))
                 OR ("orders_subscription"."device_id" IN
                       (SELECT U2."device_id"
                        FROM "orders_subscription" U0
                        INNER JOIN "orders_subscription" U2 ON (U1."id" = U2."device_id")
                        WHERE (U2."start_date" > (U0."start_date")
                               AND U2."device_id" IS NOT NULL))
                     AND "orders_subscription"."device_id" IS NOT NULL)))) LIMIT 21

Execution time: 0.030680s [Database: default]

This is the part that is causing the issue:
INNER JOIN "orders_subscription" U2 ON (U1."id" = U2."device_id")
 WHERE (U2."start_date" > (U0."start_date")
                               AND U2."device_id" IS NOT NULL))

U1 is not defined anywhere (it is locally in the other clause, but that doesn't matter.
The relational model is quite simple, a device can have many subscriptions, a subscription can have many (different) notifications.
class Subscription(models.Model):
    end_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    start_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)

    device = models.ForeignKey(Device, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, blank=True, related_name="subscriptions")
    # Other non significatn fields

class Device(models.Model):
    # No relational fields

class Notification(models.Model):
    subscription = models.ForeignKey('orders.Subscription', related_name="notifications", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
    # Other non significatn fields

So my question is: is my query wrong or is it a bug in Django ORM query generator?

A: The ORM clearly fails in translating your clause into SQL. It happens even when the clause is used in isolation (without the preceding clause, i.e. without a U1 alias anywhere in the query).
Apart from the non-existing alias, the ORM also seems to misidentify the origin of F('start_date') – it is the main orders_subscription (the one without an alias), not any aliased table from a subselect.
You can lend the ORM a hand by defining a proper subquery yourself.
(The attempts below are based on the assumption that the intent of the clause is to exclude subscriptions that have sibling subscriptions (= same parent device) with later dates.)
So here's the exclude filter with the corrected clause:
from django.db.models import OuterRef, Subquery

qs.exclude(
    Q(notifications__type=Notification.AUTORENEWAL_IN_14) |
    Q(device_id__in=Subquery(Subscription.objects
        .filter(
            device_id=OuterRef('device_id'),
            start_date__gt=OuterRef('start_date'))
        .values('device_id')
    ))
)

However, looking at the filter more closely, we are selecting a column (device_id) whose value we have just passed as a filter condition. This is better expressed by an Exists subquery:
from django.db.models import OuterRef, Exists

(qs.annotate(has_younger_siblings=Exists(Subscription.objects.filter(
            device_id=OuterRef('device_id'),
            start_date__gt=OuterRef('start_date'))))
  .exclude(has_younger_siblings=True)
  .exclude(notifications__type=Notification.AUTORENEWAL_IN_14)
)


text:
Home Reviews Uwell Caliburn G Review: The Real Caliburn Killer
Uwell Caliburn G Review: The Real Caliburn Killer
Spyros Papamichail
Battery life and charging
The Uwell Caliburn has been a staple in vaping ever since it appeared back in early 2019. It's been the vape that every pod system has been put against, and while there have been countless "Caliburn killers" throughout these two years (we are also guilty of that!), the truth is that no pod has ever come close to replicating its success. In many ways, the original Caliburn is the JUUL of refillable pod vapes—at least as far as popularity goes. And now, it's finally time for the real Caliburn killer to appear on the market.
At a glance, the Caliburn G looks very similar to its predecessor. But look closer and you'll see that it's not even a product of the exact same category. The original Caliburn was a prototypical pod system, while the G takes replaceable coils, making it a pod AIO from a technical standpoint. But those are all footnotes here. The question is, will the Caliburn G be the new golden standard for compact vapes? Keep reading to find out!
Price: $29.99 (at MyVpro)
Colors: Black, blue, red, gray, green, rosy brown
Dimensions: 108.3 mm x 22.5 mm x 12.6 mm
Materials: PCTG
E-liquid capacity: 2 mL
Maximum wattage: 18 watts
Mesh coil resistance: 0.8 ohm
1 x Caliburn G pod system
1 x UN2 Meshed-H 0.8-ohm coil
1 x Spare UN2 Meshed-H 0.8-ohm coil
1 x Type-C charging cable
1 x User's manual
The Caliburn G is almost the same size as the original. It is more or less the same length, and it's just a tiny bit wider and thicker. If you have been using a Caliburn you'll barely notice the size difference, and the G is still a compact and very lightweight vape.
From a design perspective, Uwell took the ridges from the corner of the original and expanded them to the front and back of the G. This gives the device a tactility that helps with grip and also makes it look good in my opinion. The firing button now comes with a bronze accent and it is clickier and less mushy than the Caliburn button. They also toned down the branding, with a semi-transparent "Caliburn" print right above the LED light instead of the white font they used in the original.
The mouthpiece is redesigned. It is larger on the outside, but the airflow hole is much smaller this time. I initially found it to be a bit too large for my liking, but I got used to it after a while. The battery still comes with cutouts for monitoring juice levels, and I was happy to see that the windows are now a tiny bit thicker, which makes looking through them easier. Finally, Uwell ditched the magnets and the pods now click in place. I love magnets in pods, but I found this to be an upgrade compared to the very weak magnets of the original Caliburn.
All in all, Uwell kept the form factor of the original and made a series of small improvements on an already well-built device. The G feels better put together and I have nothing to complain about as far as build quality and design are concerned.
The Caliburn G is now an AIO, so there are a couple of steps added when first setting it up (or replacing coils). But it is still very easy to use.
First, take a coil out and drip 4-5 drops of juice inside it to prime it. Then line up the coil with the hole at the bottom of the pod. The bottom part of the coil is flat on its one side, so it will only fit in the pod when properly oriented. Then take the mouthpiece off the pod by pushing it to the side (it's easier with the pod inside the battery). Finally, fill the pod by pushing the tip of your juice bottle inside the red filling gasket. Give the pod 5-10 minutes to saturate, press the fire button five times to turn the device on, and you're good to go.
You can fire it using the fire button, or just by inhaling on the mouthpiece. I didn't notice any difference between the two firing modes, but you can get a bit of a warmer vape by pressing the fire button right before inhaling. Note that the Caliburn G offers two airflow options—depending on the orientation of the pod. One is supposed to be MTL and the other RDL, but more on that in the following section.
I was happy to see that the Caliburn G features the same practical top fill as its predecessor. One thing I noticed though, was that the filling gasket chipped inside one of my pods. But since the pods take replaceable coils, I got rid of it by giving the pod a quick wash before changing the coil.
This section will feature another series of comparisons between the G and the original Caliburn, so I think it will be useful to start with a note. If I had to sum up my experience with the original Caliburn, it would be something like this: great flavor, warm vape, mediocre throat hit, not a huge fan of the loose draw. I really don't see the point in vapes that fit in this area between MTL and RDL—I always feel that there are better options for these two types of vaping. And it didn't take more than a couple of puffs for me to realize that the Caliburn G picked a side and stuck with it.
The Caliburn G is an MTL vape, period. It goes from a tight MTL to a slightly loose MTL depending on the orientation of the pod and, interestingly, both airflow options are tighter than the airflow of the original. In fact, I am wondering if they did that on purpose; Uwell could easily make the looser airflow option even airier and cater to the fans of the original. But as far as I am concerned, having two MTL airflow options is like an early Christmas present; I've been using the Caliburn G for close to two weeks now, and I am still not sure which of the two airflows I prefer!
But while airflow preferences are subjective, there are areas where the Caliburn G objectively improved upon the original. The flavor is flat out impressive, and the vape is even warmer now. These were supposed to be the strong suits of the Caliburn, but I put it directly against the G and there's no comparison, really. The new airflow also improves throat hit significantly, and I find 9 mg regular nicotine very satisfying on it. It's also great with 20 mg salts, and I don't feel the need to go higher—which is what I've been doing with most of the "Caliburn killers" I've tried the last couple of years.
The coils wick 70 VG juices easily and I haven't had anything even resembling a dry hit, even when chain vaping it for long periods. Also, no leaking whatsoever on the contacts. As for coil life, I've been using three Gs at the same time, but I have gone through nine full pods on one of them. The coil still vapes alright, but it feels weaker and I wouldn't run it for much longer. Your mileage may vary depending on the juice you are using (I'm using a very clean and clear cherry tobacco at the moment), but I am satisfied with coil life.
As for cons, I really don't have much to say. I wish it were a constant output vape because it does get a bit weaker as the battery is depleted, but not by much. I also wish they had somehow made it into a 900-1000 mAh device because this way I would have been able to shelve every other MTL vape I own. But that's not even a real con for the majority of people who are after a pocketable vape. All things considered, the performance of the Caliburn G is impressive, to say the least.
The Caliburn G houses a 690 mAh battery and charges through a Type-C port that's positioned at the bottom of the device. Expect to go through around one and a half pods before having to charge it. I was getting around two pods from the original Caliburn and its 520 mAh battery, but the G pushes 18 watts instead of 11.
The LED will light up every time you push the button or inhale on the mouthpiece, and its color indicates battery level:
Green: 60-100%
Blue: 30-60%
Red: 0-30%
I timed a full charge at 45 minutes. The LED will flash slowly when the device is charging and will stay green when it is fully charged. Finally, the Caliburn G supports pass-thru, so you can use it while it is plugged in.
Compact and lightweight
Inconspicuous design
Very easy to operate
Practical top fill design
Excellent flavor and a warm vape
Strong throat hit (especially in the tight airflow option)
Two airflow options (tight MTL and loose MTL)
Easy to monitor juice levels through the window
No leaking popping or spitting
Replaceable coils more affordable than pods
Good coil life
Pods click securely into place
Type-C charging
Quick charging (45 minutes)
Larger mouthpiece may take some time to get used to
Direct output (gets weaker as the battery is depleted)
Battery could last a bit longer (appx. 3 mL)
The Caliburn G is one of those rare MTL pod vapes that don't need high nicotine to shine. I can see it becoming a huge hit in the EU where the TPD imposes a hard limit at 20 mg. But regardless of where you are on the map, the G is a vape I can highly recommend. It is a great performer that's very easy to operate, and I'd advise anyone reading this to give it a try—that goes for both beginners and experienced vapers.
In fact, the only people I wouldn't recommend it to are those who fell in love with the airflow of the original Caliburn. Both the airflow options of the G are tighter than the airflow of the original, so if you belong in this category you should look elsewhere. But if you enjoy a flavorful MTL pod vape, and found the Caliburn a bit too loose, this may be endgame for you. That's the first vape I grab when heading out of my place and I don't see that changing anytime soon.
Are you a fan of the original Caliburn? Are you planning on giving the G a try? Let me know in the comment section!
My first attempt at vaping came back in 2009 on some of the first cigalikes to ever reach Europe. A couple of attempts -- and vaping tech generations later -- I managed to quit smoking in 2016, and have since then developed somewhat of an obsession with all things vaping. When I am not consuming vape reviews I am either tinkering my NBA fantasy teams or playing board games with friends.
Joshua Crane
This version gets turned on too easy in my pocket when I walk. I'll hear the vape going off in my pocket all day long. Needs better coils and button design. The old caliburn was better.
Reply to Joshua Crane
I was having the same issue! I have since removed the rubber behind the button so it sits flush against the device and i don't need to worry about this anymore. I'm not too sure what kind of impact it has on the battery life but I'll take the piece of mind over that.
Thank you for an excellent review. I loved the Caliburn and was worried that the Caliburn G couldn't replace it but I went with your review and purchased it and love it! And the coils are great and last a long time.
I'm having terrible luck with the QC on these coils. Properly primed and everything, most of the coils I've purchased have either been duds, or I get dry hits within days no matter how clean of juice too.
Spyros Papamichail(@spyros-papamichail)
Reply to Jonathan
I have gone through around ten coils till now and haven't had a dud. It's a rough estimation, but I'd say I am getting around 8-9 full pods on average before having to change the coil.
You say that you get dry hits within days; if the Caliburn is your daily driver and you go through two pods a day, then it sounds about right.
Otherwise, it may just be a bad batch.
CALIBURN G FORCE
its a good pod. Have to squeeze the pods untill i see bubbles appearing. Otherwise sometime i get "almost dry" hits. Specially when using freebase 6MG.
Mine just burnt out and bricked because the button was sticking. Even after turning it off after every vape session, all I had to do was forget once. Smelling a burning electrical scent and then feeling the heat from my pocket, and this little sucker could have done much more damage. Let's see how they hold up their warranty as it was barely 3 months old. Also the "expandable" gasket wouldn't reseal and started to leak on one pod: replace. Next was the chip breaking because of the pressure required to remove the cap to refill: replace. So yeah, a… Read more »
Missneaki
Reply to Mick
Your problems are almost identical to mine. You are not alone. 4 pods, 3 problem pods.


text:
What Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Should Know About Treatment and Research
September 3, 2021 /in BC Insist Treatment, BC Newly Diagnosed, BC Treatment & Clinical Trials, BC Video ND, BC Video TC, Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer Programs, INSIST! Breast Cancer, MBC Newly Diagnosed, MBC Treatment and Clinical Trials /by Kara Rayburn
What Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Should Know About Treatment and Research from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.
What do metastatic breast cancer patients need to know about treatment and research? Dr. Jane Lowe Meisel shares updates and recommends resources for staying abreast of research news.
Jane Lowe Meisel, MD is an Associate Professor of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University. Learn more about Dr. Meisel here.
See More From INSIST! Metastatic Breast Cancer
What Could Advances in Breast Cancer Research Mean for You?
Metastatic BC Research: How Can You Advocate for the Latest Treatment?
What Could Metastatic Breast Cancer Genetic Testing Advances Mean for You?
Katherine:
So, let's start by discussing the latest developments in treatment and research updates. Are there recent developments you feel breast cancer patients should know about?
Dr. Meisel:
Absolutely and I think it's really been such a remarkable time because even during COVID, a pandemic, where I think a lot of people worried that research efforts would shut down or stall. We've still seen the approval of a number of drugs in the past year that've really already markedly changed lives. And a lot of important findings that've come out of other trials that they have opportunity to do that as well.
I think some of the biggest information that was presented at our most recent large meeting, which was the American Society of Clinical Oncology, or ASCO National Meeting in 2021, were a few things that pertain to the metastatic breast cancer population. One was two studies, the PALOMA-3 Trial and the MONALEESA-3 Trial, which looked at a class of drugs called CDK4-6 inhibitors along with anti-estrogen pills in metastatic estrogen-positive breast cancer.
And really confirm for patients that not only do these drugs improve the amount of time that people can stay on treatment before their cancer progresses, but actually improve how long people live. Even when they're used very, very early on in treatment, they impact survival down the line for many, many years. So, it really confirms for physicians like me that this class of drugs should be used as the standard of care and first line for patients with estrogen-positive stage IV breast cancer, and I think that's important for patients to know. Along those lines, there's a drug called sacituzumab govitecan, or Trodelvy, which is a much easier to say name.
A new antibody drug conjugate in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. And we've also seen, since this drug was approved last year, it has markedly changed the lives of many patients with triple negative disease. And the study called the ascent trial, which is what led to that drug's approval was studied further and some of these additional results presented at ASCO this year.
And found that this drug not only improves again, how long people get before they have to move on to another treatment, but actually improves how long people live as well, even when given later on in the course of therapy. So again, really encouraging use especially in triple-negative metastatic disease, which is hard to treat. And I think another study that's really worth patients and doctors taking a hard look at, was actually a study that looked at patient outcomes and patient experience. This is a study that actually talked with metastatic patients and gathered their views on treatment related adverse effects.
Talked to patients about what adverse effects they were experiencing from drugs. How they managed those adverse effects. And found that most patients, over 90 percent, will be willing to talk about reducing the dose of drugs or changing dosing schedules, in order to improve quality of life. And I think that's really important because a lot of times, the doses of drugs that get approved are the doses that are the highest doses that don't cause extreme toxicity. But sometimes people can have effective, really good outcomes on lower doses and have much better quality of life.
And in metastatic breast cancer where really the goal often times is to help people live as long as they can, but also as importantly, as well as they can, be able to have those open-ended conversations between patients and doctors about what's really impacting your quality of life now and how can we make that better is important. And this study I think really highlighted that both for patients and physicians, how important that back and forth is to having a successful outcome. Both in terms of how life is lived, but in terms of quality of that life.
Right. Right. How can patients stay up to date on developing research?
It's so interesting because there is so much coming out and I think it can be hard to figure out what Phase I study that looks exciting is really going to become something, versus what really could be important in my treatment today. And what I always tell people is actually, the NCI website. So, the national cancer institute, has a phenomenal page looking at advances in breast cancer research. So, if you Google NCI advances in breast cancer research, there's a great page that comes up. And it's impressively up to date and I think very patient friendly.
Breaks things down into early stage and metastatic and then in the metastatic section, talks about estrogen-positive, HER2-positive, triple-negative, which we can talk about more today but are the three big subtype of metastatic disease that dictate how we treat them. And then have links to all the different research updates and talk about what these drugs are, what the classes are and what the settings are in which they're studies.
And so, I think that's a really great first stop and then the links can take you to all different stuff that's on the page that you might want to look into more in depth. And then also, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, which is a phenomenal organization. They have a great website, too and if you click around on the website, you can see not only who they've donated money to that's doing promising research, they also have podcasts, they have a blog with science and research news. I think that's a really great site for patients to use to stay updated.
Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer research, breast cancer treatment, Covid, COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination, Dr. Jane Meisel, estrogen-positive, estrogen-positive breast cancer, HER2 positive, HER2-positive breast cancer, immune response, immune system, stage iv, stage IV breast cancer, triple negative, triple negative breast cancer, vaccination, Winship Cancer Institute
https://powerfulpatients.org/pen/wp-content/uploads/What-Metastatic-Breast-Cancer-Patients-Should-Know-About-Treatment-and-Research-1.png 600 600 Kara Rayburn https://www.powerfulpatients.org/pen/wp-content/uploads/New-Logo-300x126.png Kara Rayburn2021-09-03 12:49:292022-02-16 16:00:28What Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Should Know About Treatment and Research
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January 2023 Notable NewsJanuary 19, 2023 - 10:34 am
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Cancer Awareness Calendar 2023January 5, 2023 - 1:57 pm


Homepage of Manual Library. Search and download millions of manuals/guides/handbooks from ManualLib.
The Essential Shop Reference Guide is packed full of information every shop needs! Conversion data, torque specs, ranges, ratios and more. Whether you work on tractors or trains, no repair shop is truly complete without it!


text:
Thieves use sledgehammers to steal large quantity of cigarettes in Stradbroke SPAR burglary
A police forensic van was at the shop on Tuesday morning. Picture: GREGG BROWN
A large quantity of cigarettes were stolen from a Stradbroke SPAR in a burglary last night.
Police on the scene after four people broke into the shop and stole a large quantity of cigarettes. Picture: GREGG BROWN
Police were called to the shop on Waterloo Road in Stradbroke at 10.13pm yesterday evening.
Four offenders with their faces covered broke into the shop using sledgehammers and crowbars, damaging the door.
Police say the suspects then left the scene in a dark Audi saloon car, carrying a large quantity of cigarettes.
The offenders also reportedly attacked the house and car of two members of the public who tried to intervene.
A sign on the shop window says: "Shop closed due to break in, open as soon as possible."
No arrests have yet been made.
A police spokesperson said: "The incident occurred at around 10.15pm last night, Monday, March 26, when officers were called to reports that the Spar in Church Street was being broken into.
"Police units arrived at the scene just over 10 minutes later to find that the shop had been broken into a quantity of cigarettes stolen.
"Four people with their faces covered had been seen to use sledgehammers and crowbars to break-in and they then made off in a dark-coloured Audi. A number of police units were sent to search the local area, but the offenders were not located.
"The offenders also threw items at the window of a house and at a car belonging to two members of the public who tried to intervene."
Police are appealing for witnesses to contact East CID at Lowestoft Police Station on 101 quoting reference 16487/18. Alternatively, anyone with information can get in touch with Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.


text:
Human Violence By Category
For research and training purposes – sorted by type, technique, tactic, weapon and profession.
Do not use standing headlocks – unless you've trained them
To Maim: Do eye gouges, bites and groin strikes work in a real fight?
Spinning backfist
Groin kick
Head Stomp
Wristlock/grab
Takedown/Throw
Headlock (Standing)
Heel Hook
Choke/Strangle
Omoplata
Stab-proof vest
OC spray
Knockout/Unconscious
Bone/Joint Break
Stab wound
Fighter (combat sports)
Prison Guard
Civilian Staff
Police vehicle stop / pursuit
Passive resistance
Flanking
Counter-ambush
Hard Surface
Bystander Intervention
Category: Profession
Belligerent man pushes woman, is stomped by 3 men
Belligerent man attempts to intimidate couple, pushing a female in the process. He seems to regret this a split second later as he reaches to hold and prevent her from falling.
Unfortunately he has already failed miserably to take stock of the situation he is in – alone, drunk, surrounded by bystanders who may not tolerate his behaviour.
Covert police ram robber to make arrest
TASER succeeds where armbar takedown fails during this arrest
Police officer attempts to take down resisting suspect with armbar, a technique commonly taught to police in many countries. This results in the officer failing to control the body of the suspect, and falling beneath him into a dangerous position. Luckily his colleague was competent and timely with the TASER.
Man overdoses and is revived by firefighter, kills the firefighter, uses female bystander as shield, is shot by police
A strong case for handcuffing and searching people who have overdosed before reviving them. Background info:
When the bus arrived at transit center, a bus passenger believed Houston was having a seizure and called 911 for help. Lundgaard arrived with other firefighters and began providing aid to Houston.
Houston regained consciousness after responders determined he likely had suffered a drug overdose and gave him two doses of Narcan.
Houston told responders he had taken some of his wife's morphine. Houston got off the bus on his own, even as responders were encouraging him to seek additional medical care, but he refused.
"They wanted to make sure he got that help," Tempelis said.
Houston drew a small handgun from a small case at his waist, Tempelis said. He stood back and fired twice, hitting Lundgaard in the upper back and Christensen in the upper leg.
Almost simultaneously, Christensen drew his handgun and fired once, striking Houston in the abdomen. Houston ran toward where bystander Brittany Schowalter was and used her as a shield, the district attorney said.
Christensen and Biese both fired multiple times at Houston, also likely striking Schowalter, although Tempelis said it's impossible to know for sure who shot her. She suffered an injury to her leg and to her head, with a bullet grazing her skull, Tempelis said.
Houston eventually went to the ground, which allowed officers equipped with a ballistic shield to arrest him. The officers found Houston's gun under him, Tempelis said.
Text source
How the knife can win vs the gun at close range. The 21 foot rule, also known as the Tueller Drill.
This video demonstrates some of the lesser-known mechanics of close-range combat between knife and gun.
The Tueller Drill is a self-defense training exercise to prepare against a short-range knife attack when armed only with a holstered handgun.
Sergeant Dennis Tueller of the Salt Lake City Police Department wondered how quickly an attacker with a knife could cover 21 feet (6.4 m), so he timed volunteers as they raced to stab the target. He determined that it could be done in 1.5 seconds. These results were first published as an article in SWAT magazine in 1983 and in a police training video by the same title, "How Close Is Too Close?"[1][2]
A defender with a gun has a dilemma. If he shoots too early, he risks being accused of murder. If he waits until the attacker is definitely within striking range so there is no question about motives, he risks injury and even death. The Tueller experiments quantified a "danger zone" where an attacker presented a clear threat.[3]
The Tueller Drill combines both parts of the original time trials by Tueller. There are several ways it can be conducted:[4]
The (simulated) attacker and shooter are positioned back-to-back. At the signal, the "attacker" sprints away from the shooter, and the shooter unholsters his gun and shoots at the target 21 feet (6.4 m) in front of him. The attacker stops as soon as the shot is fired. The shooter is successful only if his shot is good and if the runner did not cover 21 feet (6.4 m).
A more stressful arrangement is to have the attacker begin 21 feet (6.4 m) behind the shooter and run towards the shooter. The shooter is successful only if he was able take a good shot before he is tapped on the back by the attacker.
If the shooter is armed with only a training replica gun, a full-contact drill may be done with the attacker running towards the shooter. In this variation, the shooter should practice side-stepping the attacker while he is drawing the gun.
MythBusters covered the drill in the 2012 episode "Duel Dilemmas". At 20 ft (6.1 m), the gun-wielder was able to shoot the charging knife attacker just as he reached the shooter. At shorter distances the knife wielder was always able to stab prior to being shot.[5]
Cop shoots through windshield to stop killers during pursuit
The officer fumbles a reload near the end of the video. This happens when he passes his gun from his right hand into his left, and uses his right hand to unbuckle the seat belt. He then keeps holding the gun in his left hand, pulls out a magazine with his right and attempts to insert it the wrong way around. He has likely never or very rarely trained to reload his gun in this manner as it's a fairly uncommon situation – firing a gun while driving and then unbuckling a seatbelt to exit the vehicle during a reload. Whenever something is attempted for the first time under stress, errors will almost certainly occur.
Summary of the incident below:
About two hours after a man was shot and killed near Eastern and Owens, officers attempted to stop the suspect's vehicle but they did not comply. Officers followed the suspects, exchanging gunfire until the suspects crashed into a wall at Hollingworth Elementary School.
Kelly said one suspect, identified as Rene Nunez, 30, got out of the vehicle and ran up the stairs to the school. The door to the school was locked. The suspect in the passenger seat, identified as Fidel Miranda, 23, moved to the driver's seat and started to move the vehicle back towards the officer's car.
"Regarding shooting at or from a moving vehicle, our policy reads in part, it is policy of this department that officers will not discharge a firearm at or from a moving vehicle unless it is absolutely necessary to preserve human life," Kelly said.
Officer Paul Solomon fired one round from a shotgun at Miranda. He was placed in handcuffs, provided medical attention but was ultimately pronounced dead at the scene.
Nunez, who was also injured in the shooting with police, was arrested and taken to University Medical Center for treatment, Kelly said.
Kelly said the suspects fired 34 rounds at officers. Officer William Umana fired 31 rounds at the suspects and Solomon fired one round.
Both officers were placed on routine paid administrative leave pending the outcome of the investigation.
Cop stabbed in back, partner slow to respond
OC spray and Taser were used to take the man into custody following this. The police officer suffered a 6cm wound and survived.
An ambush gives the attacker initiative. They have had time to mentally and tactically prepare for the situation. The defender may not be psychologically prepared or have any kind of plan, and is at minimum a few seconds behind the attacker to even understand what is happening.
The cop who stood there for a few seconds either did not understand what was happening or was in a kind of denial for some time. This is not a conscious decision made while observing the situation. It is likely a result of inadequate training.
Cop handfights when gun is pulled on her during vehicle stop. Partner intervenes to shoot suspect
First officer does not reach for her own gun as she does not want to lose control of the suspect's gun. Releasing the weapon to move toward the rear of the vehicle and fire may have been effective.
However, she stalled the suspect long enough that her partner could intervene, firing a single shot to kill him.
Drug affected man charges officer, is shot and keeps coming
Police officer shot twice on door entry and is trapped, colleagues free him
A police officer kicks down a door, enters and is immediately shot twice. His body cam falls to the ground and he is trapped inside, moving to the garage where he is later freed by his colleagues.
Forced entry without gun drawn
Immediate entry failed, preferably the room could be partially cleared by carefully pie-ing the door from outside
A single officer entered even though multiple officers were available
Moments after the first police officer was shot, a second officer standing outside behind a tree is hit in the hand.
Police standing in daylight outside are at a disadvantage to the suspect who shoots from the dark inside the house
HENRY COUNTY, Ga. – Henry County police have released chilling body camera footage of the moments officers entered a home on a "trouble unknown" call Thursday and the suspect began to fire at them. Officers Keegan Merritt and Taylor Webb were both shot and are now recovering at Grady Memorial Hospital. Police said Merritt and Webb went to the home after family members reported seeing a woman unresponsive in the garage. The shootings kicked-off a 17-hour-long standoff with the suspect. Police later found the gunman, a pregnant woman and her teenage son dead inside the home. Sandra White, 39, and her son Arkeyvion, 16, were identified as the victims. Police said the gunman, Anthony Bailey, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Merritt was shot in the hand and Webb was shot in the torso and hip, police said.
Complicating Factors
Hair grab
Headbutt
Room Clearing/CQB
Weapon/equipment
Do not use standing headlocks – unless you've trained them A LOT.


This is not a confirmed bug.
If a user has pushed to a server before, and has once again opened the patient push dialog, the "push" button is enabled without the "I agree to push this data to the server." checkbox being checked.


text:
Groups: 2021 NGS Fellows
Daniela Philipson
written by Roksana Verahrami June 8, 2021
Masters in Public Policy, Harvard University Daniela Philipson Garcia currently works as a Data Analyst at the Center for Policing Equity. She previously served as...
Nuri Widiastuti Veronika
Ph.D. Candidate at Gender, Peace and Security,Monash University Nuri W. Veronika is a PhD candidate at Monash University's Gender, Peace and Security and a recipient...
Reyhan Topal
Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science, University of Albany. Reyhan Topal is a PhD candidate and an instructor in Political Science at the State University of...
Claudia Schettini
Ph.D. in Human Rights and Global Politics, Scuola Superiore Claudia Schettini after having obtained a bachelor's degree in Political Science from LUISS University, in Rome,...
Eric Rudberg
M.A. in Security Policy Studies, George Washington University Eric Rudberg is presently serving as a Foreign Affairs Officer Fellow in the Office of Sudan and...
Ann-Kathrin Rothermel
Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at Potsdam University Ann-Kathrin Rothermel is a Member of the Berlin Graduate School for Global and Transregional Studies and a...
Gaia Pallecchi
M.A. in Gender, Violence and Justice, FLASCO Gaia Pallecchi is a Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Expert, specialized in gender analysis and gender-based violence in...
Veronica Waeni Nzioki
M.A. in International and European Security, University of Geneva Veronica Waeni Nzioki is a Foreign Service Officer from Kenya. Her research interests focus on new...
Jacqueline Nakaiza
M.A in International Relations, Makerere University Jacqueline Nakaiza is a PhD Fellow at the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Makerere University. Between 2007...
Balsam Mustafa
Ph.D. in Modern Languages, University of Birmingham Balsam Mustafa is a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Political Sciences and International Studies at the University...


text:
Q: Help with a proof that sequence of rational numbers $ a_n = \frac {a_{n-1} + \frac {2}{a_{n-1}}}{2}$ converges to an irrational, $\sqrt2$ I know that there are sequences of rational numbers with irrational limits.
One in particular I've seen is $$ a_n = \frac {a_{n-1} + \frac {2}{a_{n-1}}}{2}$$ with $a_0 =1$, This is clearly rational for any $n$, but converges to $\sqrt2$ .
Can anyone provide a mathematical reasoning for this?

A: If this converges, then the limit $L$ will satisfy $L=\frac{L+2/L}{2}$.  We rearrange to $2L=L+2/L$ or $L=2/L$.  Cross-multiplying we get $L^2=2$ or $L=\pm \sqrt{2}$.  Since every term is positive, we must have $L=\sqrt{2}$.
There are various ways to prove convergence.  One powerful tool comes from dynamical systems.  Consider the function $f(x)=\frac{x+2/x}{2}$.  We have $f'(x)=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{x^2}$.  We evaluate this at $x=\sqrt{2}$, the fixed point of the iteration, to get $f'(\sqrt{2})=0$.  If the result is in the interval $(-1,1)$ then iteration will converge, i.e. an attracting fixed point.
To prove convergence directly, we can prove that all terms (except $a_0$) are greater than $\sqrt{2}$, and monotonically decreasing.  [Note: this method is custom-tailored to this particular sequence, and different methods will be required for other sequences.] We calculate $$\frac{a_n}{a_{n-1}}=\frac{a_{n-1}+2/a_{n-1}}{2a_{n-1}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{a_{n-1}^2}$$
So long as $a_{n-1}>\sqrt{2}$, $\frac{1}{a_{n-1}^2}<\frac{1}{2}$ and thus the ratio $a_n/a_{n-1}<1$ so $a_n<a_{n-1}$.  Since $a_1=2>\sqrt{2}$ the induction gets going properly starting with $a_1$ (not $a_0$).  Now, we have a monotonically decreasing sequence of real  numbers.
We need to prove this sequence is bounded below by $\sqrt{2}$.  We assume $a_{n-1}>\sqrt{2}$, so $$0<(a_{n-1}-\sqrt{2})^2=a_{n-1}^2-2a_{n-1}\sqrt{2}+2$$
$$2a_{n-1}\sqrt{2}<a_{n-1}^2+2$$
$$\sqrt{2}<a_{n-1}/2+1/a_{n-1}=a_n$$
Hence $a_n>\sqrt{2}$.  Now we use the completeness of the real numbers to finish the proof of convergence.

A: Stated in mathematical terms, what you have observed is that the rational numbers do not constitute a complete (metric) space. It's rather simple to construct a sequence of rational numbers converging to an irrational. One other example is the following:
$$
\frac{3}{1}, \frac{31}{10}, \frac{314}{100}, \frac{3141}{1000}, \cdots
$$
converging towards $\pi$.
The rationals are quite easily constructed from the integers by introducing ratios. One of the two common ways of constructing the reals from the rationals is exactly the process of adding all limmits of sequences which seem like they should converge (the technical term for such a sequence is a Cauchy-sequence, and it is the characterizing property of a complete metric space that all Cauchy sequences actually converge).
Adjoining points to a non-complete space to give all Cauchy-sequences an actual limit to converge to is called completion, and $\Bbb R$ can be (and often is) seen as nothing more than the completion of $\Bbb Q$. The other common way of constructing $\Bbb R$ is by intruducing $\sup$ to any upward bounded set by utilizing so-called Dedekind cuts. These two processes can be proven to be equivalent (and it is a common exercise in introductory analysis to do so).

A: $\pi$ is a well-known irrational number, and its decimal expansion converges to it, even though they are all numbers of the form $\mathrm{integer}/10^N$.  Nothing to worry about.
Newton-Raphson's method applied to the solution of $x^2-2=0$ yields a sequence such as the one you've written, $a_{n+1}=a_n-\frac{f(a_n)}{f'(a_n)}.$
If you picture the graph of $y=f(x)=x^2-2$ and draw the tangents such as in this method, it won't surprise you that the sequence above converges (also look at conditions for the Newton method to work).
As for rational numbers converging to an irrational number, you know that the decimal system provides for finite sequences of digits converging to any real number.
Calculating decimal digits of $\pi$ is kind of a sport ($e$ was a lot easier to work out).  $\pi$ is not only irrational but also (like $e$) a transcendental number (i.e., unlike $2$, there is no polynomial $f(x)=x^n+ a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots + a_0$ such that $f(\pi)=0$).
As for the speed of convergence of your sequence, $a_n\to \sqrt{2}$ but one has, in fact, that, writing $$g(x)=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+\frac{2}{x}\right),$$
that $g(\sqrt{2})=\sqrt{2}$ and that $$\lim \frac{a_{n+1}-\sqrt{2}}{a_n-\sqrt{2}}=\lim  \frac{g(a_{n})-g(\sqrt{2})}{a_n-\sqrt{2}}=g'(\sqrt{2})=0.$$
One finally sees that $\frac{a_{n+1}-\sqrt{2}}{(a_n-\sqrt{2})^2}= 2 g''(\sqrt{2})=6\sqrt{2}.$
That is, if a number in the sequence approaches to, say, $n$ digits, the next one approaches to roughly $2n$ digits (the precision squares on each calculation, if sufficiently close to the limit).
  There are numbers such as the famous $\sum 10^{-n!}$ who are irrational (transcendental, in fact) and their decimal expansions converge extremely rapidly (this is due to Liouville).