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Canine Health Concern
blog by Catherine O'Driscoll – Putting your dog's health first
What Can We Do To Mitigate the Effects of Covid-19?
TAMIFLU & INFLUENZA VACCINES: MORE HARM THAN GOOD?
News of my imminent demise … (or not) … which door shall we choose?
HOW TO SPOT THE REAL FAKE NEWS
We need a veterinary ombudsman – Part 2
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ARE VETS RUNNING SCARED OF THE TRUTH AND SPREADING MISINFORMATION TO DEFEND THE INDEFENSIBLE?
Last week I was invited to go on Good Morning Britain (GMB), an ITV breakfast show in the UK. I am the author of two best-selling books on the science of vaccine damage in our companion animals, namely What Vets Don't Tell You About Vaccines, and Shock to the System.
I have been running Canine Health Concern, a non-profit organisation, since 1994. CHC's aims are to share information about the causes of health and ill health in the modern dog in order to help owners raise long-lived healthy dogs.
The show has been re-scheduled several times, and now it has been 'postponed'.
Originally GMB wanted me to defend the claims made in a sarcastic and biased Guardian newspaper article (link below). This is the briefing given to me via email by Emma Creamer, a researcher on the programme (email copied in without editing):
Here is what our vet will say:
VET DAVID GRANT – Ex Director of RSPCA Harmsworth RSPCA Animal hospital – vet for over 50 yrs –
* It's so important to have pets vaccinated, especially puppies in the first year, it's like the measles debate. It's fair to other pet owners – we don't want lots of dogs/puppies dying from preventable diseases. These illness are fatal and this can be prevented.
* Parvovirus is truly horrible – outbreaks of diseases, dogs getting ill very easily. Parvo stays around for a long time, so your dog would just need to be out for a walk.
*You won't see many dogs with Distemper now because it's been almost totally eradicated because of vaccines, it used to be very common. It's a horrible disease, cough, runny eyes, nose, fever, won't eat, get pneumonia, fits & muscle convulsions. Very high mortality rate. It just takes a few people to stop vaccinating. It's so dangerous.
*All the diseases that we vaccinate
*Never seen a vaccine reaction and i've was a vet for over 50yrs
*World Small Animal Veterinary Assoc. We no longer recommend against vaccinating every year. WSAVA Guidelines
* Never seen reactions to vaccines in over 50 years.
* We seen human trends and medi al breakthroughs moving into vetinary medine such as extended life care and end of life treatment for poorly pets but this is something that really isn't helpful.
* The idea of autism in dogs doesn't stand up to scientific scrutiny.
*Any decrease in vaccinations is due in large part to the misinformation spread by the 'anti-vax' movement and is responsible for the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases
And here is The Guardian article – it's not very long
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/24/anti-vaxxers-new-target-their-sights-pets
Prior to receiving a call and email from Emma Creamer, I had received several calls from Nicolette Amet, another researcher on the programme. She wanted to know how I'd answer the above points from David Grant (which I hadn't at this stage seen; she talked me through it), and the Guardian piece, so I gave my responses verbally. I would like to emphasise that all the researchers were very pleasant and I judged them to be genuine and keen to get a balanced story.
Why I don't vaccinate my dogs
I told Nicolette that I don't vaccinate my dogs and haven't vaccinated for the past 25 years. None of my dogs has died of vaccine-preventable diseases, but they have died from vaccine-associated diseases.
* Oliver died aged four of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain with lesions throughout the brain and central nervous system. A symptom of encephalitis is called paresis, which means paralysis of one or more limbs). Oliver's back legs were paralysed when we woke up on the morning of 1st September 1991, and he was dead by 4pm. Encephalitis is an acknowledged vaccine reaction. This happened within three months of a vaccine event.
Under 'Acute Vital Encephalitis and Aseptic Meningitis, Merck Manual, Sixteenth Edition, p 1472 and 1473: viz:
"Examples are the encephalitides following measles, chickenpox, rubella, smallpox vaccination, vaccinia …"
"Noninfectious causes … Vaccine reactions: Many, especially rabies, pertussis, smallpox"
* Prudence, who died aged six of leukaemia. Leukaemia is a potential vaccine sequel. I first discovered this when I was sent a paper by W Jean Dodds, an American vet and researcher, US Dog World, March, 1995:
"Immune-suppressant viruses of the retrovirus and parvovirus classes have recently been implicated as causes of bone marrow failure, immune mediated blood diseases, haematological malignancies (lymphoma and leukaemia), dysregulation of humoral and cell- mediated immunity, organ failure (liver, kidney), and autoimmune endocrine disorders – especially of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis), adrenal gland (Addison's disease), and pancreas (diabetes). Viral disease and recent vaccination with single or combination modified live virus vaccines, especially those containing distemper, adenovirus 1 or 2 and parvovirus, are increasingly recognised contributors to immune-mediated blood diseases, bone marrow failure, and organ dysfunction."
* Samson, who died of cancer aged five. He had paralysed rear legs after his second puppy shot. After his first and only booster, Samson's head swelled up like a football and he ran around the house screaming all night. By the age of two he was diagnosed with autoimmune disease, and cancer saw him off. All of these conditions are acknowledged to be potentially vaccine-induced. See references later.
I choose not to vaccinate because I consider vaccines to be more dangerous than the diseases we vaccinate against. Vaccines are known to cause autoimmune diseases, cancer, leukaemia, allergies and brain damage. This is the REAL epidemic in the modern dog: vaccine-induced immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. I will not risk vaccines. Since I stopped vaccinating my dogs, I have had the joy of living with long-lived, healthy dogs.
Long-lived dogs … years of health and joy
Since I stopped vaccinating and started feeding real food 25 years ago, I have had Golden Retrievers living to the ages of 17 (Chappie and Sophie) and 16 (Gwinnie). Edward and Daniel lived to 13 and their vet bills amounted to only £10 per year. They were never ill. Golden Retrievers typically die between the ages of eight and 12.
No one-size-fits-all vaccine programme
I emphasised to the researchers when asked that I wouldn't encourage others not to vaccinate, unless they do it properly and give their dogs alternative protection. I told them about research showing that nutrition is the primary defence against infection and cited studies, including a WHO study, which showed that various vitamins and minerals are anti-infective, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. I told her that I also use anti-viral and anti-bacterial herbs for my dogs.
I also printed off information to hand to the vet on the show about titer testing by Professors Michael Day and Ronald Schultz. These would be of particular interest, I would have thought, to Mr Grant as he has no doubt seen dogs dying of parvovirus in rescue kennel environments. (See http://www.petwelfarealliance.org/vaccine-research.html)
I told the researcher that there is no one-size-fits-all vaccine programme for dogs (which the WSAVA makes clear). In rescue environments, where viral diseases are hard to get rid of, vaccination would be a necessary risk. I told the researcher that my heart went out to David Grant, having seen him on a Youtube video talking about the terrible suffering inflicted on dogs. He looked broken. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJxYq4JtPIM
I could understand why this man would want us to vaccinate all of our dogs. But I also wanted to share research to explain to him why many of us choose not to, and what we are doing instead to protect our dogs.
Canine Health Concern branches around the UK also hold VacciCheck clinics, where antibodies are measured so owners can be sure their dogs are protected. In our Cornwall branch, for example, all but two dogs show circulating antibodies to distemper and parvo – even the three-month-old UNVACCINATED puppies.
Nutrition and infection references
1. CJ Duncan, et al, The effects of population density and malnutrition on the dynamics of whooping cough. Epidemiol Infect. Oct 1998; 121(2): 325–334.
2. Duncan CJ, Duncan SR, Scott S, Whooping cough epidemics in London, 1701-1812: infection dynamics, seasonal forcing and the effects of malnutrition, Proc Biol Sci. 1996 Apr 22;263(1369):445-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8637925 –
3. Peter Katona, Judit Katona-Apt, The Interaction between nutrition and infection, Clinical Practice, 2008: 46, (15 May) http://health120years.com/cn/pdf/Nutrition_Infection-Interaction.pdf
4. Huiming Y, Chaomin W, Meng M, Vitamin A for treating measles in children (Review), Wiley reprint, 2005, http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Vitamin-A-for-measles-children.pdf
5. Tuula E. Tuorma, Adverse Effects of Zinc Deficiency: A Review from the Literature, Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 3 & 4, 1995 http://www.orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1995/pdf/1995-v10n0304-p149.pdf
6. Mitsuyoshi Urashima, et al, Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren, Am J Clin Nutr, May 2010 vol. 91 no. 5 1255-1260
7. Ethan Will Taylor and Chandra Sekar Ramanathan, Theoretical Evidence that the Ebola Virus Zaire Strain May Be Selenium-Dependent: A Factor in Pathogenesis and Viral Outbreaks? The Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine Vol. 10, No.2, 1995 http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1995/articles/1995-v10n0304-p131.shtml
8. Peter Katona Judit Katona-Apte, Interactions of nutrition and infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 46, Issue 10, Pp. 1582-1588. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/10/1582.abstract
9. John Hoddinott Mark Rosegrant Maximo Torero, Challenge Paper, Hunger and Malnutrition, Copenhagen Concensus 2012 http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/sites/default/files/hungerandmalnutrition.pdf
10. Stuart Winter, Environment Editor, 'I give my badgers vitamins to stop TB', Express, 21 July 2011 http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/262162/I-give-my-badgers-vitamins-to-stop-TB
11. English RM, Badcock JC, Giay T, Ngu T, Waters AM, Bennett SA, Effect of nutrition improvement project on morbidity from infectious diseases in preschool children in Vietnam: comparison with control commune, BMJ 1997;315:112 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2127738/
I said that if people were going to feed kibble, which is cooked at high temperature and extruded (the moisture is sucked out), then their dogs wouldn't be receiving the nutrients they need to fight infection, and not vaccinating wasn't a good option. Unfortunately, without adequate nutrients, these dogs would also be more at risk of a vaccine reaction, since poor nutrition will compromise the immune system (as stated in veterinary vaccine datasheets).
Parvovirus suffering
With regard to the suffering caused by parvovirus, I referred Nicolette, Emma, and then Rhianna to research published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1990, (Ian Tizard, Risks Associated with use of live vaccines, JAVMA, vol 196, No 11, pages 1851-1858, 1990) which suggests that the parvovirus epidemic in dogs was caused by the vaccine programme. Parvovirus appeared across several continents at the same time, and Tizard stated:
"Prior to 1978, few parvoviruses had been isolated from dogs, and none were considered pathogenic … in the spring of 1978, severe disease attributable to a parvovirus was recognised almost simultaneously in dogs in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Europe … selective pressure and subsequent mutation more likely occurred in a tissue culture environment than through dog-to-dog passage. Thus it is speculated that CPV might have arisen through rapid accidental passage of FPV or mink enteritis virus in a canine cell culture line. Cells infected with the new mutant may then have been transmitted globally through a contaminated biological product such as a vaccine … it is interesting to speculate on the consequences of this host range extension had it involved human beings instead of dogs."
It's also interesting to see what Tizard had to say about the adenovirus (hepatitis) vaccine in dogs: "Canine adenovirus 1 vaccine strains … can multiply in the renal tubular cells of dogs and cause subclinical kidney infection. As a result, virus may be shed in the urine of vaccinated dogs and may spread to other animals."
Tizard finishes his critique – in 1990 – with the following words: "The best way to ensure that such hazards do not develop in the future is to seek alternatives to modified-live products. Modified-live vaccines have served us well, but their time is past. We can no longer afford them."
MLV vaccines might actually be the reason why outbreaks occur in vaccinated kennel/rescue environments. They cause immunosuppression (meaning dogs going into the shelter environment may be sitting ducks for disease because the vaccine temporarily nobbles their immune system). Also, MLV vaccines can revert to virulence (they can start outbreaks).
Current canine vaccine contamination
There is another virus in canine vaccines in the UK. It's a retrovirus called RD-114. News of this was published in 2010, (Isolation of an Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in a Proportion of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pets, Journal of Virology, April 2010, p. 3690-3694, Vol. 84, No. 7. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/84/7/3690) (see also Applied Biosafety, 9(2) pp. 68-75 © ABSA 2004, Introduction for "Safety Considerations for Retroviral Vectors: A Short Review", Donald E. Mosier).
After learning of RD-114 contamination in several un-named brands of distemper vaccine in the UK and Japan, I contacted the UK's regulator, the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, immediately, to ask what it was going to do about this problem. The VMD called a meeting with the European Medicines Control Agency. They decided to just leave it there for now. I'm advised that it wouldn't be difficult to screen RD-114 out, but it would be difficult and time-consuming to licence a clean product, which would leave manufacturers without revenue for a few years.
Retroviruses are associated with cancer and leukaemia. The researchers continued with their research and, in 2014, another paper was published to confirm that RD-114 could conceivably start another new vaccine-induced disease in dogs, just as contaminated vaccines had probably started parvovirus, a killer disease in dogs that we are still having to contend with decades down the line. It stated:
"Therefore, it is possible that RD-114 virus infects dogs following inoculation with contaminated vaccines and induces proliferative diseases and immune suppression, if it adapts to grow efficiently in dogs. In this review, we summarize the incidence of contamination of RD-114 virus in live attenuated vaccines and potential risks of infection with RD-114 virus in dogs." (Contamination of live attenuated vaccines with an infectious feline endogenous retrovirus (RD-114 virus), Arch Virol (2014) 159:399–404 DOI 10.1007/s00705-013-1809-1)
1. Robin A. Weiss, Retroviruses and cancer, Current Science, Vol. 81, No. 5, 10 September 2001 http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sep102001/528.pdf
2. Missing link (taken down – but you can ask the VMD for it): http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/pdf/vaccines_retrovirus_RD114.pdf
3. Try this instead: CVMP Risk Management Strategy – Managing the risk of the potential presence of replication competent endogenous retrovirus RD114 in starting materials and final products of feline and canine vaccines, European Medicines Agency, 16 February 2017 EMA/CVMP/IWP/592652/2014 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Regulatory_and_procedural_guideline/2017/02/WC500222260.pdf
4. Yoshikawa, R., Shimode, S., Sakaguchi, S. et al. Arch Virol (2014) 159: 399. doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1809-1 Mar https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-013-1809-1 ch 2014, Volume 159, Issue 3, pp 399–404 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-013-1809-1
5. Ian Tizard, Risks Associated with use of live vaccines, JAVMA, vol 196, No 11, pages 1851-1858, 1990
12. Barbara Loe Fisher, The Emerging Risks of Live Virus & Virus Vectored Vaccines: Vaccine Strain Virus Infection, Shedding & Transmission, National Vaccine Information Center http://www.nvic.org/CMSTemplates/NVIC/pdf/Live-Virus-Vaccines-and-Vaccine-Shedding.pdf
THE REAL PROBLEM:
Vets are over-vaccinating our dogs
Each time I spoke to each of the researchers, I took great pains to say that the real problem is that vets are over-vaccinating our dogs, and that vaccines can cause harm. The World Small Animal Veterinary Association has stated this many times. In their puppy vaccine summary they said: "any reaction to a vaccine that is not needed is unacceptable".
The WSAVA says that we should vaccinate against the core diseases of parvovirus, distemper and canine infectious hepatitis no more than every three years, but that immunity to these viruses is likely to be lifelong. The add: "This is often taken to mean that we should vaccinate every three years – but this is not the case. If the dog is already immune to these three core diseases, re-vaccinating will not add any extra immunity".
This does not stop our vets. As far as I can see, at least half of the UK's veterinary practices vaccinate annually – unnecessarily – or every three years (which is also too much). The professional veterinary bodies leave vaccine protocols up to individual vets. There is no-one in the UK seeking to reduce the vaccine load on our companion animals. Except the pet owners who are doing the research that vets should be doing.
Each year, MSD has a 'Vaccine Amnesty' sales and marketing drive in which they, through vets, offer a full puppy or kitten series for the price of a booster. There is absolutely no science to support giving adult dogs a series of shots. A series is given to puppies and kittens to try to find the earliest time when maternal immunity wanes (maternal immunity will block the vaccine virus as if it is a natural infection, so the vaccine can't provoke immunity). This does not apply to adult animals. It's a BOGOF sales campaign that is totally unsupported by the science. Dr Ron Schultz of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccine Guidelines Group warns that this is unnecessary and potentially harmful.
None of the professional bodies have done anything about this.
Autism raises its head
On the subject of autism, another newspaper article has appeared (which the GMB team didn't refer to). This time in The Telegraph https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/04/25/dogs-cannot-get-autism-british-veterinary-association-warns/
The heading reads: "Dogs cannot get autism British Veterinary Association warns after 'anti-vaxx' movement spreads to pets".
The "anti-vaxx" movement (which is what the vaccine industry and its allies likes to call those of us whose pets and children have suffered vaccine reactions and who have the audacity to do the research and actually talk about it), 'spread to pets' when vaccines first started harming and killing our dogs, which would be soon after vaccines were introduced for dogs many decades ago. This is because all vaccines come with inherent risks. This is why the human vaccine industry benefits from indemnity against vaccine damage via their governments. Vaccine damage has a special legal class of its own. Vaccine damage compensation schemes exist around the world.
The point, however, is that those of us who seriously question pet vaccines – especially in view of their over-use – should be allowed to ask questions and share the known research without being called names by the profession that professes to care about our pets. Further, we do not have the research to rely on which would enable us to major on the autism debate, so we're not always harking on about autism in dogs, although questions have been asked by pet owners and vets alike.
What we would like, however, is the veterinary industry to look at the existing research which clearly shows that vaccines cause autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancer and brain damage.
One on-line commentator under the Telegraph piece did make a valid point. Paul Cook wrote:
"Although vaccines do not cause autism, the statement that 'dogs cannot get autism' is false. Research is conducted on animals all the time, which relies on the fact that animals can have autism."
Vaccine damage
I felt that by choosing to push the show towards discussion of autism in dogs, Good Morning Britain was in danger of missing the point. Although autism in dogs is not proven (which is not to say that it isn't possible), vaccines can and do cause autoimmunity, allergies, cancer and brain damage.
The American Veterinary Medical Association's (AVMA's) Principles of Vaccination (http://www.avma.org/issues/vaccination/vaccination.asp) states that:
Possible adverse events include failure to immunize, anaphylaxis, immunosuppression, autoimmune disorders, transient infections, and/or long-term infected carrier states. In addition, a causal association in cats between injection sites and the subsequent development of a malignant tumor is the subject of ongoing research.
Dr Ronald D Schultz (2007) provides this list of adverse events known to be induced by vaccines (American spelling): [I have underlined the points relating to brain damage]
Common Reactions:
• Lethargy
• Hair Loss, hair color change at injection site
• Fever ƒ Soreness, stiffness
• Refusal to eat
• Conjunctivitis
• Sneezing
• Oral ulcers
Moderate Reactions:
• Immunosuppression
• Behavioral changes
• Vitiligo (skin reactions)
• Weight loss (Cachexia)
• Reduced milk production
• Lameness Granulomas/Abscesses
• Hives Facial Edema (swelling)
• Atopy (hereditary allergies)
• Respiratory disease
• Allergic Uveitis (Blue Eye)
Severe Reactions triggered by Vaccines: (neurological effects underlined)
• Vaccine injection site sarcomas (in dogs and ferrets as well as cats)
• Anaphylaxis
• Arthritis, polyarthritis
• HOD hypertrophy osteodystrophy
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
• Immune Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP)
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn (Neonatal Isoerythrolysis)
• Thyroiditis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Disease or enhanced disease which the vaccine was designed to prevent
• Myocarditis
• Post vaccinal Encephalitis or polyneuritis
• Seizures
• Abortion, congenital anomalies, embryonic/fetal death, failure to conceive
Vaccines and Cancer references
1. Vascellari M, Melchiotti E, Bozza MA, Mutinelli F. Fibrosarcomas at presumed sites of injection in dogs: characteristics and comparison with non-vaccination site fibrosarcomas and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2003 Aug;50(6):286-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2. Isolation of an Infectious Endogenous Retrovirus in a Proportion of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pets, Journal of Virology, April 2010, p. 3690-3694, Vol. 84, No. 7. "It is impossible to rule out chronic effects, especially as we were able to grow RD114 very efficiently in dog cell lines, confirming older published studies…. A recently identified novel human retrovirus (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related retrovirus [XMRV]) has been found in some forms of prostate cancers and chronic fatigue syndrome in humans, although causal association has not been proven yet."
3. Retroviruses and cancer Current Science, Vol. 81, No 5, 10 September 2001 http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102001/528.pdf
4. "When canine distemper virus was combined with canine adenovirus type 1 or canine adenovirus type 2, significant suppression in lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen occurred. The results indicate that interactions between canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 or canine adenovirus type 2 are responsible for the polyvalent vaccine induced suppression of lymphocyte responsiveness". (Effects of Vaccines on the Canine Immune System, Tom R. Phillips, Jean L. Jensen, Michael J. Rubino, Wen C. Yang and Ronald D. Schultz, Can J Vet Res 1989; 53: 154-160)
5. JFM Series A, August 2003, vol 50, no 6, pp 286-291
6. "Live attenuated rubella vaccine inoculation may cause sustained immunosuppression including defective lymphocyte response to mitogene and impaired cytokine production. The signs of immunosuppression may persist for at least 1 month after vaccination". (Cytokine profile after rubella vaccine inoculation: evidence of the immunosuppressive effect of vaccination, Mediators of Inflammation, 12(4), 203-207 (August 2003)).
7. Cancer Research 30, October 1970, 'Spontaneous Development of Mammary Adenocarcinoma following Prolonged Immunosuppression in the Dog': "Live attenuated rubella vaccine inoculation may cause sustained immunosuppression including defective lymphocyte response to mitogene and impaired cytokine production. The signs of immunosuppression may persist for at least 1 month after vaccination".
8. "If your vaccine is manufactured in a cell substrate that was derived from a tumor, or that has a tumorigenic phenotype through an unknown mechanism, it might carry a higher theoretical risk of containing oncogenic [tumour forming] substances." FDA "Guidance for Industry, Characterization and Qualification of Cell Substrates and Other Biological Materials Used in the Production of Viral Vaccines for Infectious Disease Indications"
9. Dyer et al, 2007: "The most significant problems associated with feline vaccines have been injection-associated sarcoma. Previously, this problem seemed most apparent in cats administered adjuvanted rabies virus and feline leukaemia virus vaccines. However, recent information suggests that injection site sarcomas can occur with any type of vaccine. For example, in the United Kingdom in 2005, 23 of 39 injection site sarcomas reported in cats occurred at the site a live vaccine (non-adjuvanted) was administered"
10. IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer; Summaries and Evaluations Surgical Implants and Other Foreign Bodies 1999 Feb 23; 74:24305-310. "The adjuvant aluminum in vaccines is one culprit in mutating the genome and specifically the P53 oncogene, thereby ruining the individual's ability to stop tumor genesis."
11. Hershey A, Dubielzig R, Padilla M, Helfand S (2005). "Aberrant p53 expression in feline vaccine-associated sarcomas and correlation with prognosis". Vet Pathol 42 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1354/vp.42-6-805.
12. "Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force: Roundtable Discussion". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 226 (11). 2005. http://www.avma.org/journals/javma/articles_public/vafstf_050601.asp.
13. Hendrick M, Goldschmidt M (1991). "Do injection site reactions induce fibrosarcomas in cats?". J Am Vet Med Assoc 199 (8): 968.
14. Kitchell, Barbara E. (2005). "Feline Vaccine-Associated Sarcomas". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.
15. Richards J, Elston T, Ford R, Gaskell R, Hartmann K, Hurley K, Lappin M, Levy J, Rodan I, Scherk M, Schultz R, Sparkes A (2006). "The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel report". J Am Vet Med Assoc 229 (9): 1405–41.
16. Munday J, Stedman N, Richey L (2003). "Histology and immunohistochemistry of seven ferret vaccination-site fibrosarcomas". Vet Pathol 40 (3): 288–93.
17. O'Rourke, Kate (2004). "Researchers probe vaccine-associated feline sarcoma". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225 (6). http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/sep04/040915k.asp.
18. Hershey A, Sorenmo K, Hendrick M, Shofer F, Vail D (2000). "Prognosis for presumed feline vaccine-associated sarcoma after excision: 61 cases (1986-1996)". J Am Vet Med Assoc 216 (1): 58–61. doi:10.2460/javma.2000.216.58.
19. Martin M (2003). "Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat". Can Vet J 44 (8): 660–3.
20. Chang H, Ho S, Lo H, Tu Y, Jeng C, Liu C, Wang F, Pang V (2006). "Vaccineassociated rhabdomyosarcoma with spinal epidural invasion and pulmonary metastasis in a cat". Vet Pathol 43 (1): 55–8. doi:10.1354/vp.43-1-55.
21. Couto S, Griffey S, Duarte P, Madewell B (2002). "Feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma: morphologic distinctions". Vet Pathol 39 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1354/vp.391-33.
22. Eigner, Diane R.. "Feline Vaccine Guidelines". The Winn Feline Foundation. http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/health/vaccination-guidelines.html#recommendations.
23. Lappin, Michael R. (2004). "Feline vaccines". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.
24. Kass P, Spangler W, Hendrick M, McGill L, Esplin D, Lester S, Slater M, Meyer E, Boucher F, Peters E, Gobar G, Htoo T, Decile K (2003). "Multicenter case-control study of risk factors associated with development of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats". J Am Vet Med Assoc 223 (9): 1283–92. doi:10.2460/javma.2003.223.1283.
25. Z. Deim, N. Pálmai and G. Cserni: Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma induced by aluminium compound in two cats, Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, volume 56 (2008)
26. Smith, G.R. and S. Missailidis, Learning from cancer: The adaptive growth, wound and immune responses. Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology, 2009. 13(A): p. 158-185.
27. Rassnick KM: Feline vaccine-associated sarcomas: The problem is not over yet. Proceedings ACVIM Forum 2006.
28. Shaw SC, Kent MS, Gordon IK, et al. Temporal changes in characteristics of injection-site sarcomas in cats: 392 cases. (1990-2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Feb 1;234(3):376-80.
Vaccines and Immune-Mediated Disease
1. "There is a real concern that vaccines may predispose certain genetically susceptible individuals to immune-mediated disease. The more antigens we administer, the higher the potential for hypersensitivity. Type I is IgE mediated; type 2, cytotoxic antibody mediated; type 3, immune-complex mediated; and type 4 cellular mediated. All of these hypersensitivities are natural parts of the immune response, but they cause a certain amount of tissue damage. That damage may occur in the kidney, liver, or as was the case with canine adenovirus 1, in the eye. In many cases it is impossible to show a direct connection between the damage and a vaccine, since it is the accumulation of many antigens over many years that results in clinically evident disease." JAVMA, Vol 207, No 4, August 15, 1995 – Current Concepts, are we vaccinating too much?
2. The seventh edition of the Merck Veterinary Manual (1991) states: "Bone marrow suppression with transient (21 day) or chronic/latent erythroid dysplasia, in the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, Combs' positive haemolytic anaemia, and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia have been associated with (i.e., may prove to be caused by) both retroviral and parvoviral infection in man and other species. Also, modified live parvovirus vaccines in dogs, and killed feline leukaemia virus vaccine are suspects as causes (in genetically susceptible animals) of such haematological diseases."
3. In Practice, Vol 20 No 2, Feb 1998: Michael Day, senior lecturer in Veterinary Pathology at the University of Bristol states that "environmental influences are crucial to the expression of immune mediated disease and that the most important of these is likely to be exposure to microbial antigens following natural infection or vaccination. Mr Day divides immune mediated disease into four main groups – hypersensitivity diseases, autoimmune diseases, immune system neoplasia [tumour formation] and immunodeficiency diseases".
4. In a letter to Veterinary Times during July 1999, veterinarian Lyn Thomson responded, "This would indicate that veterinarians must consider and report the whole range of immune mediated diseases post vaccination, including flea allergy, atopic dermatitis, dietary hypersensitivity, contact hypersensitivity, asthma, autoimmune diseases, lymphoma, lymphoid leukaemia, multiple myeloma, plasmcytoma, hisiiocytoma, thymoma, and immunodeficiency disease."
5. McAnulty JF, Rudd RG: Thrombocytopenia associated with vaccination of a dog with modified-live paramyxovirus vaccine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985 186:1217-1219.
6. Duval D, Giger U. Vaccine-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog. J Vet Int Med 1996; 10: 290-295.
7. In 2000, research showed that polyarthritis and other diseases like amyloidosis in dogs were linked to combined MLV vaccines (Am Coll Vet Intern Med, 2000; 14: 381).
8. Detection of Parvovirus B19 Capsid Proteins in Lymphocytic Cells in Synovial Tissue of Autoimmune Chronic Arthritis, Mod Pathol (2003), 16(8):811817
9. http://wvc.omnibooksonline.com/ data/papers/2010_V127.pdf : The effects of contaminated feline vaccines. Vaccine Induced Antibodies Against Feline Tissues Michael R. Lappin, DVM, PhD, DACVIM The Kenneth W. Smith Professor in Small Animal Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
10. Dr Ronald Schultz, Vet Med Today (JAVMA Vol 207, No 4, August 15, 1995): "Immunemediated disease has developed in human beings following vaccination, as was seen with cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome following swine flu vaccinations, and rheumatoid arthritis following influenza vaccination".
11. Med Hypotheses, Waisbren BA Sr, 2008;70(2):346-8. Epub 2007 Jul 13. Acquired autoimmunity after viral vaccination is caused by molecular mimicry and antigen complimentarity in the presence of an immunologic adjuvant and specific HLA patterns.
12. The Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol 10, No 5 (September October) 1996, 'Vaccine Associated Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia (IMHA) in the Dog'.
13. Negina IuP, Comparative study of auto-antibody formation following immunization with different types of vaccines. ZH Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1980 May; (5): 6972.
14. Romanov, UA et al, Role of auto-immune processes in the pathogenesis of post vaccinal lesions of the nervous system. ZH Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1977 Oct; 10: 80-93.
15. Ravel G, Christ M, Horand F, Descotes J, 2004, Autoimmunity, environmental exposure and vaccination: is there a link? , Toxicology, 196(3) : 211-6, Mar 15.
16. Satoh, M; et.al. (2003). "Induction of lupus autoantibodies by adjuvants". J Autoimmun 21 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/S0896-8411(03)00083-0. PMID 12892730
17. Carlson, BC; Jansson AM; Larsson A; Bucht A; Lorentzen JC (2000). "The Endogenous Adjuvant Squalene Can Induce a Chronic T-Cell-Mediated Arthritis in Rats". American Journal of Pathology 156 (2057–2065): 2057–65. doi:10.1016/S00029440(10)65077-8. . PMID 10854227
18. Fournie, G.J.; Mas, M.; Cautain, B.; Savignac, M.; Subra, J.F.; Pelletier, L.; Saoudi, A.; Lagrange, D.; Calise, M.; Druet, P. Induction of autoimmunity through bystander effects. Lessons from immunological disorders induced by heavy metals. J Autoimmun. 2001, 16, 319-326.
19. L. Tomljenovic and C.A. Shaw, Aluminum Vaccine Adjuvants: Are they Safe? Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 18, 2630-2637 "Aluminium presented in this form carries a risk for autoimmunity, long-term brain inflammation and associated neurological complications and may thus have profound and widespread adverse health consequences."
20. Israeli, E.; Agmon-Levin, N.; Blank, M.; Shoenfeld, Y. Adjuvants and autoimmunity. Lupus. 2009, 18(13), 1217-1225.
21. Exley, C.; Swarbrick, L.; Gherardi, R.K.; Authier, F.J. A role for the body burden of aluminium in vaccine-associated macrophagic myofasciitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2009, 72(2), 135-139.
22. Lappin MR, et al: Investigation of the induction of antibodies against Crandall-Ress feline kidney cell lysates and feline renal cell lysates after parenteral administration of vaccines against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia in cats. Am J Vet Res 2005 66: 506-511.
23. Strasser A et al: Immune modulation following immunization with polyvalent vaccines in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003 94:113-121.
Vaccines and Atopy (allergies)
1. Frick OL, Brooks DL. Immunoglobulin E antibodies to pollens augmented in dogs by virus vaccines. Am J Vet Res 44: 440, 1981.
2. An augmented immune response to vaccination is seen in dogs with pre-existing inhalant allergies (i.e., atopy) to pollens. Furthermore, the increasing current problems with allergic and immunological diseases have been linked to the introduction of MLV vaccines more than 20 years ago. While other environmental factors no doubt have a contributing role, the introduction of these vaccine antigens and their environmental shedding may provide the final insult that exceeds the immunological tolerance threshold of some individuals in the pet population. (Tizard 1. Risks associated with use of live vaccines. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;196:1851-1858.) (Dodds WJ. More bumps on the vaccine road. Adv Vet Med 1999; 41: 715-732.)
3. http://veteriner.fusabil.org/pdf/pdf_FUSABIL_604.pdf – Acute Angioedema Following Immunization Against Parvovirus in a German Shepherd Dog and Clinical Remission With Treatment
4. Familial predisposition to atopy is reflected in the Merck Manual which advises that a child with, or from a family with, B and/or T cell immunodeficiencies should not receive live virus vaccines due to the risk of fatality. Merck states: "Features of B cell deficiencies include respiratory or food allergies; features of T cell deficiencies include heart disease; and features of combined T and B cell deficiencies include dermatitis, neurological deterioration and eczema."
5. "Multiple vaccinations shift this delicate balance [between Th1 and Th2], favoring the development of atopy and, perhaps, autoimmunity through vaccine-induced polyclonal activation leading to autoantibody production. An increase in the incidence of childhood atopic diseases may be expected as a result of concurrent vaccination strategies that induce a Th2-biased immune response. What should be discussed is whether the prize of a reduction of common infectious diseases through a policy of mass vaccination from birth is worth the price of a higher prevalence of atopy." http://vran.org/health-risks/anaphylaxis-allergies-and-asthma/multiple-vaccination-effects-on-atopy/
6. There is a correlation between hypothyroidism and IgA and IgM deficiency http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15925836
7. "Expression and characterization of a low molecular weight recombinant human gelatin: development of a substitute for animal-derived gelatin with superior features." "Gelatin is used as a stabilizer in several vaccines. Allergic reactions to gelatins have been reported, including anaphylaxis. These gelatins are derived from animal tissues and thus represent a potential source of contaminants that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies." Olsen D, et al, Protein Expr Purif.; 40(2):346-57 – 4/1/2005
8. Professor Tara Shirakawa, published the results of a Japanese study on 867 infants who received BCG vaccine. Thirty-six percent developed allergies. The number of TB cases in the province didn't increase, but the incidence of severe allergy did. (Science, vol 275, 3 Jan 1997)
9. A number of studies have linked atopic dermatitis in humans to vaccines, specifically the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, measles infection, and the BCG (tuberculosis) shot http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14690341, https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:104044
10. Pediatric Allergy & Immunology (19 (1): 46-52, February 2008), looked at the potential causal factor in the development of atopic disease due to the effect of pertussis immunization on specific IgE antibodies. All associations between vaccination and atopic disorders were positive. The report concluded: "Egg-related allergy is common, particularly in children with asthma or general allergies, and may be as high as 40% in children with atopic dermatitis. The risk of egg-related allergy after vaccination depends on the presence of egg protein in the final product."
11. Allergy 1978, Jun:33(3):155-9 reported that aluminium phosphate stimulates the IgE response in guinea pigs to tetanus toxoid. "It is hypothesized that the regular application of aluminium compound-containing vaccines … could be one of the factors leading to the observed increase of allergic diseases."
12. In Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1994 May;5(2):118-23, the role of aluminium for IgG and IgE responses to pertussis toxin, as well as side effects, was investigated in 49 children with known atopy status. The addition of aluminium to pertussis vaccine was associated with strong IgG antibody response, and a stronger IgE antibody response. The study concluded that the role of immunization in the development of allergy merits further studies.
13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998561/ looks at the role of IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis and refers to post-vaccination specific IgE responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoid, which could result in adverse events to future vaccination or exposure to the diseases.
14. In a paper published in January 2010, Day acknowledges the cumulative effects and consequences of repeated vaccination are unknown saying that "few investigations have studied the phenomenon of 'inflammageing' (the effect of cumulative antigenic exposure and onset of late life inflammatory disease)" in dogs and cats. Day, M.J. – Ageing, immunosenescence and inflammageing in the dog and cat. J Comp Pathol. (Epub ahead of print): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20005526?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.P ubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=2 –
15. Petrik MS, Wong MC, Tabata RC, Garry RF, Shaw CA (2007). Aluminum adjuvant linked to gulf war illness induces motor neuron death in mice. Neuromolecular Med 9 (1): 83–100. doi:10.1385/NMM:9:1:83. PMID 17114826
16. H Odelram, M Granstrom, S Hedenskog, K Duchen, B Bjorkstein, Immunogloblin E and G responses to pertussis toxin after booster immunization in relation to atopy, local reactions and aluminium content of the vaccines, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 5 (2), 118-123, May 1994
17. Cribbs, D.H.; Ghochikyan, A.; Vasilevko, V.; Tran, M.; Petrushina, I.; Sadzikava, N.; Babikyan, D.; Kesslak, P.; Kieber-Emmons, T.; Cotman, C.W.; Agadjanyan, M.G. Adjuvant-dependent modulation of Th1 and Th2 responses to immunization with beta-amyloid. Int Immunol. 2003, 15(4), 505-514.
18. Shoenfeld, Y.; Agmon-Levin, N. 'ASIA' – Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 2011, 36(1), 4-8.
21. Walton, J.R. A longitudinal study of rats chronically exposed to aluminum at human dietary levels. Neurosci Lett. 2007, 412(1), 29-33.
22. Ohmori K et al: IgE reactivity to vaccine components in dogs that developed immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005 104:249-256.
23. Vitale CB, Gross TL, Magro CM: Vaccine-induced ischemic dermatopathy in the dog. Vet Dermatol 1999 10:131-142.
Neurological effects of vaccines
1. Encephalitis has been shown to appear in dogs after vaccination. (Grene, CE, ed, Appel MJ, Canine Distemper in Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998: 9-22).
2. Veterinary Record 1992 (130, 27-30), AIP McCandlish et al: "Post-vaccinal encephalitis is a recognised complication of the administration of certain strains of live attenuated canine distemper vaccine (Hartley 1974, Bestetti and others 1978, Cornwell and others 1988)".
3. Braund's Clinical Neurology in Small Animals: Localisation, Diagnosis and Treatment:
"Post vaccinal canine distemper encephalitis occurs in young animals, especially those less than six months of age. It has been recognised as a disease entity for a number of years, and is believed to be association with vaccination using live virus. The pathogenesis of this disease is unclear, but may result from insufficient attenuation of the vaccine virus which causes subsequent infections of the CNS; the triggering of a latent distemper infection by vaccination; other vaccine components; or an enhanced susceptibility of the animal (e.g., animals that are immunosuppressed)."
4. Encephalitis following vaccination against distemper and infectious hepatitis in the dog. "A 4-months-old, male, healthy dog developed CNS-symptoms 10 days after the second vaccination with live, attenuated distemper and canine hepatitis virus." G. Bestetti1, et al, Acta Neuropathologica Volume 43, Numbers 1-2 / 69-75 — 1/1/1978
5. Wilson RB, Holladay JA, Cave JS: A Neurologic Syndrome Associated with Use of a Canine Coronavirus-Parvovirus Vaccine in a Dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. February 1986; 8(2):117-124.
6. Protein glutamate is added to vaccines to preserve the virus in vaccines. Meat, fish eggs, milk and cheese tend to be high in protein glutamate. High levels of glutamic acid have been shown in animal studies to cause damage to parts of the brain unprotected by the blood-brain barrier, leading to a variety of chronic diseases http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15167034
7. "Experimental studies on paralysis after antirabies vaccination. I. Histological studies on acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs." Shiina T, et al, Jpn J Microbiol; 2(2):187-96. — 4/1/1958
8. "Clinical picture of postvaccinal encephalitis after rabies vaccination and sequelae." Uchimaura Y, et al, Nervenarzt; 29(7): 303-7. — 7/1/1958
9. Myelin basic protein as an encephalitogen in encephalomyelitis and polyneuritis following rabies vaccination: "Encephalitis and polyneuritis occurring after rabies vaccination are believed to be immunologically mediated. We studied antibody responses to neural antigens in 36 patients with major neurologic complications, 25 with minor complications, and 39 with no complications after immunization with a brain-derived, Semple rabies vaccine." T Hemachudha, et al, New England Journal of Medicine Volume 316:369-374 , Number 7 — 2/12/1987
10. Risks of convulsion and aseptic meningitis following measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in the United Kingdom. "Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines containing the Urabe strain of mumps were withdrawn in the United Kingdom in 1992 following demonstration of an increased risk of aseptic meningitis 15-35 days after vaccination. Following introduction of a replacement MMR vaccine (Priorix)… an elevated relative incidence of convulsion was found in the 6- to 11-day period after receipt of Priorix." Miller E, et al, Am J Epidemiol.;165(6):704-9. — 3/15/2007
11. Neurological adverse events associated with vaccination: "These complications include autism (measles vaccine), multiple sclerosis (hepatitis B vaccine), meningoencephalitis (Japanese encephalitis vaccine), Guillain-Barre syndrome and giant cell arteritis (influenza vaccine), and reactions after exposure to animal rabies vaccine. Seizures and hypotonic/hyporesponsive episodes following pertussis vaccination and potential risks associated with varicella vaccination, as well as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis following oral poliovirus vaccination, are also described." Piyasirisilp, Sucheep a; Hemachudha, Thiravat b, Neurology. 15(3):333-338 — 6/1/2002
12. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: "T cell mediated autoimmune response to myelin basic protein, triggered by an infection or vaccination, underlies its pathogenesis " R K Garg, Postgraduate Medical Journal; 79:11-17 — 1/1/2003
13. Neurologic complications of immunization. "Individual vaccines can produce systemic or neurologic reactions ranging from minor events, such as pain and erythema at the injection site, to major complications, such as seizures, shock, encephalopathy, or death." Bale JF Jr, J Child Neurol.; 19(6): 405-12. — 6/1/2004
14. Merck: "In acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (post infectious encephalitis), demyelination can occur spontaneously, but usually follows a viral infection or inoculation (or very rarely a bacterial vaccine), suggesting an immunologic cause."
15. "Expression and characterization of a low molecular weight recombinant human gelatin: development of a substitute for animal-derived gelatin with superior features." "Gelatin is used as a stabilizer in several vaccines. Allergic reactions to gelatins have been reported, including anaphylaxis. These gelatins are derived from animal tissues and thus represent a potential source of contaminants that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies." Olsen D, et al, Protein Expr Purif.; 40(2):346-57 — 4/1/2005
16. Ballerini, Rico B et al., Neurological Complications of Vaccination With Special Reference to Epileptic Syndrome Riview Neurol, Jul-Aug 1973; 43: 254-258.
17. Toxicol Environ Chem 2008 90(5):997-1008, researchers found a correlation between the Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1-9 years
18. Perl, D.P.; Moalem, S. Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease, a personal perspective after 25 years. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006, 9(3 Suppl), 291-300.
19. Wisniewski, H.M.; Sturman, J.A.; Shek, J.W. Chronic model of neurofibrillary changes induced in mature rabbits by metallic aluminum. Neurobiol Aging. 1982, 3(1), 11-22.
20. Pendlebury, W.W.; Beal, M.F.; Kowall, N.W.; Solomon, P.R. Neuropathologic, neurochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of aluminium. Neurology. 2008 May 6; 70(19):1672-7.
1. Petit, T.L.; Biederman, G.B.; McMullen, P.A. Neurofibrillary degeneration, dendritic dying back, and learning-memory deficits after aluminium administration: implications for brain aging. Exp Neurol. 1980, 67(1), 152-162.
22. Petrik, M.S.; Wong, M.C.; Tabata, R.C.; Garry, R.F.; Shaw, C.A. Aluminum adjuvant linked to Gulf War illness induces motor neuron death in mice. Neuromolecular Med. 2007, 9(1), 83-100.
23. Gherardi, R.K.; Coquet, M.; Cherin, P.; Belec, L.; Moretto, P.; Dreyfus, P.A.; Pellissier, J.F.; Chariot, P.; Authier, F.J. Macrophagic myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide in muscle. Brain. 2001, 124(Pt 9), 1821-1831.
24. Shaw, C.A.; Petrik, M.S. Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration. J Inorg Biochem. 2009, 103(11), 1555-1562.
25. Walton, J.R.; Wang, M.X. APP expression, distribution and accumulation are altered by aluminum in a rodent model for Alzheimer's disease. J Inorg Biochem. 2009, 103(11), 1548-1554.
26. Golub, M.S.; Gershwin, M.E.; Donald, J.M.; Negri, S.; Keen, C.L. Maternal and developmental toxicity of chronic aluminum exposure in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987, 8(3), 346-357.
27. Redhead, K.; Quinlan, G.J.; Das, R.G.; Gutteridge, J.M. Aluminium adjuvanted vaccines transiently increase aluminium levels in murine brain tissue. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1992, 70(4), 278-280.
28. Struys-Ponsar, C.; Guillard, O.; van den Bosch de Aguilar, P. Effects of aluminum exposure on glutamate metabolism: a possible explanation for its toxicity. Exp Neurol. 2000, 163(1), 157-164.
29. Cohly, H.H.; Panja, A. Immunological findings in autism. Int Rev Neurobiol.2005, 71, 317-341.
30. Banks, W.A.; Kastin, A.J. Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity: alterations in membrane function at the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1989, 13(1), 47-53.
31. Aluminum Vaccine Adjuvants: Are they Safe? L. Tomljenovic, and C.A. Shaw, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 18, 2630-2637 "Aluminium presented in this form carries a risk for autoimmunity, long-term brain inflammation and associated neurological complications and may thus have profound and widespread adverse health consequences."
32. Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, found the measles virus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and autism. (Dig Dis Sci, 2000, Apri; 45(4) 7239) . The sequences obtained from the patients with ulcerative colitis and children with autism were consistent with vaccine strains. It should be remembered that the measles virus and canine distemper are very closely related.
33. "Neurologic complications of smallpox vaccine" "A variety of neurologic complications of smallpox vaccination have been reported, including encephalitis, transverse myelitis, meningitis, and polyneuritis" Lanska, D, Meldink.com: Neurology – 1/1/1900
34. The question of encephalitis following vaccination was investigated by the League of Nations, and on August 27, 1928, the League published a report on the situation. The report stated: "The post-vaccinal encephalitis with which we are dealing has become a problem of itself . . . a new, or at least previously unsuspected or unrecognized risk attaches to vaccination. . . "
35. The Journal of the American Medical Association on April 2, 1937: "A multiplicity of untoward sequelae have been observed in patients treated with immune serum…The common symptomatology includes fever, urticaria, erythema, oedema, lymphadenoma, artharaliga, smothering sensations, headache, nausea and vomiting. Occasionally there are more serious and lasting manifestations such as peripheral neuritis, epididymitis and orchitis."
36. "The Smallpox Vaccine and Postvaccinal Encephalitis" "Before we become complacent with the idea that we will respond to a bioterrorism attack with a mass immunization program for smallpox, it is important to be reminded of the risk and clinical manifestations of postvaccinal encephalitis… The first case of postvaccinal encephalitis as a complication of the Jennerian cowpox inoculation was observed in 1905. A century later, there is no effective therapy." Karen L. Roos, et al, Semin Neurol 22: 095-098 -1/1/2002
37. "Very rarely, yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotrpic disease (YEL-AND) has been reported following vaccination, with sequelae or with fatal outcomes in some cases. Clinical features have appeared within one month of vaccination and include high fever with headache that may progress to include one or more of the following: confusion, encephalitis/encephalopathy, meningitis, focal neurological deficits, or Guillain Barre syndrome." Package insert, Sanofi Pasteur, Manufacturer – 1/1/1900
38. "Coincidence of virus encephalitis and measles-mumps vaccination" "A 15-monthold girl developed meningoencephalitis 7 days after measles/mumps vaccination, and died 3 days later. " Jorch, G. et al, Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1984; 132(5):299-300 – 1/1/1900
39. "Relapsing Neuropathy due to tetanus toxoid." "Summary: A unique case history is presented of a 42-year-old patient who has suffered three episodes of a demyelinating neuropathy, each of which followed an injection of tetanus toxoid." Pollard, JD; Selby, G, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 1978, 37: 113-125 — 1/1/1900
40. "Optic neuritis and myelitis following rubella vaccination" Kline L, Margulies SL, Arch Neurol 1982;39:443-4 — 1/1/1900
41. "A case of fatal tuberculous meningoencephalitis after typhoid-paratyphoid vaccination." Camba R, Rass Med Sarda;55(5-6):186-96. — 5/1/1953
42. "Etiology of acute encephalomyelitis after rabies vaccination." Piskareva NA, Vopr Virusol; 1(6):47-50. — 11/1/1956
43. "Experimental studies on paralysis after antirabies vaccination. Histological studies on acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. Shiina T, et al, Jpn J Microbiol; 2(2):187-96. — 4/1/1958
44. "Clinical picture of postvaccinal encephalitis after rabies vaccination and sequelae." Uchimaura Y, et al, Nervenarzt; 29(7): 303-7. — 7/1/1958
45. "Transient cerebellar ataxia following the administration of attenuated oral antipoliomelitis vaccine (Sabin types II and III)." Colarizi A, et al, Riv Ist Sieroter Ital.; 38:1-12. — 1/1/1963
46. "2 cases of hypoglycemic coma in the immediate sequelae of vaccination." Sirand L, Pediatrie. 1963; 18:581-2. — 1/1/1963
47. "Multiple sclerosis and vaccination." Miller H, et al, Br Med J.; 2(5546): 210-3. – 4/1/1967
48. "The management of meningoencephalitis following rabies vaccination" Klemm D, et al, Med Klin;63(34):1354. — 8/1/1968
49. "Further Studies of a Simian Virus 40-Like Virus Isolated from Human Brain" "A virus similar to simian virus 40 was reisolated from brain homogenates of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy onto cultures of human fetal brain cells." L. P. Weiner, J Virol.;10(1): 147-149 — 7/1/1972
50. "A SV40-like virus was isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy." Scherneck S, et al, Acta Virol.;25(4):191-8 – 7/1/1981
51. "Relapsing encephalomyelitis following the use of influenza vaccine" Yahr MD and Lobo-Antunes, J, Arch Neurol. 27(2):182-3. — 8/1/1972
52. "Hyperacute Allergic Encephalomyelitis: A localised form produced by passive transfer and pertussis vaccine." "Blockade of histamine H1 receptors may reduce mortality in pertussis immunisation-induced encephalopathy in mice." Levine,S et al, American Journal of Pathology; 73:247-260 — 1/1/1973
53. "Murine model for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy: linkage to H−2" "Local, systemic and neurological complications have been observed following pertussis (whooping cough) vaccination in children1,2. These often occur soon after primary or secondary immunization. The neurological syndrome ranges from minor irritability to convulsions, coma, and on rare occasions death." L. Steinman, et al, Nature 299, 738 – 740 — 10/21/1982
54. "Measles, measles vaccination, and risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)" "Occurrence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in some children who were vaccinated against measles could be explained by incomplete vaccine efficacy Measles, measles vaccination, and risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) " N Zilber, Neurology, Vol 33, Issue 12 1558-1564 — 12/1/1983
55. "Acute necrotic myelopathy associated with influenza vaccination." Graus F, et al, Lancet; 1(8545):1311-2. — 6/1/1987
56. "Myelin basic protein as an encephalitogen in encephalomyelitis and polyneuritis following rabies vaccination" "Encephalitis and polyneuritis occurring after rabies vaccination are believed to be immunologically mediated. We studied antibody responses to neural antigens in 36 patients with major neurologic complications, 25 with minor complications, and 39 with no complications after immunization with a brain-derived, Semple rabies vaccine." T Hemachudha, et al, New Endland Hournal of Medicine Volume 316:369-374 , Number 7 — 2/12/1987
57. "Incidence of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Following Measles and Measles Vaccination in Japan" "The Japanese Committee for the National Registry of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) confirmed that 215 cases of SSPE occurred" Yoshiomi Okuno, International Journal of Epidemiology Volume 18, Number 3 Pp. 684689 — 10/1/1988
58. "Acute cerebellar ataxia after influenza vaccination with recurrence and marked cerebellar atrophy." "A 5-year-old, previously healthy girl developed symptoms and signs of acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) 8 days after having received an influenza vaccination." Saito H, et al, Tohoku J Exp Med; 158(1): 95-103. — 5/1/1989
59. "Acute cerebellar ataxia and facial palsy after DPT immunization" "Since the initial report of Beyers & Moll (1948), numerous cases of seizures and encephalopathy after pertussis immunization or DPT immunization have been reported. We report a 1-year-11month-old girl with acute cerebellar ataxia and facial palsy after DPT immunization." Katafuchi Y, et al, No To Hattatsu. 21(5):465-9. — 9/1/1989
60. "Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine." D'Cruz OF, et al, J Pediatr; 115(5 Pt 1):743-6. — 11/1/1989
61. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, can occur after viral infections or vaccinations. We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings in a 52-year-old man in whom acute disseminated encephalomyelitis developed after accidental self-injection of an industrial hog vaccine. " Dodick DW, et al, Mayo Clin Proc. 73(12):1193-5. — 12/1/1998
62. "Neurological adverse events associated with vaccination" "These complications include autism (measles vaccine), multiple sclerosis (hepatitis B vaccine), meningoencephalitis (Japanese encephalitis vaccine), Guillain-Barre syndrome and giant cell arteritis (influenza vaccine), and reactions after exposure to animal rabies vaccine. Seizures and hypotonic/hyporesponsive episodes following pertussis vaccination and potential risks associated with varicella vaccination, as well as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis following oral poliovirus vaccination, are also described." Piyasirisilp, Sucheep a; Hemachudha, Thiravat b, Neurology. 15(3):333-338 — 6/1/2002
63. "Development of case definitions for acute encephalopathy, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System" "Acute encephalopathy age <18 months, encephalitis (EI), and multiple sclerosis (MS) after vaccination have been reported to VAERS" Robert Ball, et al, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Volume 55, Issue 8, Pages 819-824 — 8/1/2002
64. "Postvaccinal inflammatory neuropathy: peripheral nerve biopsy in 3 cases" "Autoimmune inflammatory polyneuropathy (PN) can be triggered by vaccination. We report 3 such cases. A 36-year-old female nurse presented 15 days after a hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) with acute sensory disturbances in the lower limbs. She had severe ataxia but no weakness." Claude Vital, et al, Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System Volume 7 Page 163 – 9/1/2002
65. "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis" "A T cell mediated autoimmune response to myelin basic protein, triggered by an infection or vaccination, underlies its pathogenesis. " R K Garg, Postgraduate Medical Journal; 79:11-17 — 1/1/2003
I printed off the above research and references, ready to hand to the vet appearing on the show. It was a refreshing opportunity to meet a vet in public (or in private for that matter) to share the known science. Maybe he'd even look at it?
The show changes its angle
I was contacted by three GMB researchers in all, and each time was asked to repeat how I would respond to assertions made by David Grant. The programmes slant moved on. Now they wanted to talk about autism in dogs rather than those of us who choose not to vaccinate.
The show doggedly tried to have the programme centred around whether or not dogs get autism. They asked me to find a dog owner who would bring their allegedly autistic dog onto the show. They wanted me to bring my rescue Papillon, George, who shows autistic behaviours. I told the researcher that it would be unfair to bring him from Scotland to London for this. But I did put out messages on Facebook in case there was someone in London who thought their dog had become autistic post vaccination. No-one came forward. The show put its own request out.
I also told the researcher that there is no research to prove that dogs can be made autistic by their vaccines and that I would not argue this point. Autism wasn't something alleged 'anti-vaxxers' in the dog world had ever made much of. We have far more science to support the assertions of autoimmunity, allergies, cancer and brain damage.
Nor was I willing to fly from Scotland to London if this is what the show was to be about. I did, however, tell the researcher that it's acknowledged that vaccines can cause encephalitis, which means inflammation of the brain with lesions throughout the brain and central nervous system. Therefore vaccines can cause brain damage which can arguably alter behaviour.
Over-vaccination
I emphasised to the researchers that whether or not dogs get autism from their vaccines, the real issue is that vets are over-vaccinating dogs, and that vaccines can cause harm. I referred to World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Guidelines which make it clear that once dogs are immune to the core viral diseases, they remain immune for many years and probably for life.
I told them that there is copious research to support my claims, and that I looked forward to meeting Mr Grant to share this research with him.
The show was scheduled to air on Wednesday, 25th May. Then it was postponed to air on Thursday the 26th, and again to Friday the 27th. Meanwhile Mr Grant had backed out of the show; I'm told it was due to either his own illness or the illness of a family member. I was aware of his withdrawal by Wednesday and they were trying to get a vet to replace him, unsuccessfully, it seems. By Thursday, the day before I was due (again) to fly down from Scotland to London, there was still no vet willing to defend the indefensible.
By Friday the show was cancelled. Apparently 'they' wanted to wait until June, when the PDSA was scheduled to release some research.
Whilst I appreciate that rescue organisations believe fervently in vaccination because they see disease in unprotected dogs, there are two issues to consider:
1. Even vaccinated dogs can contract viral and bacterial diseases if their immune systems are not functioning normally. This can be caused by diet and stress, amongst other factors.
2. Dogs don't need to be vaccinated to develop immunity. In CHC branch VacciCheck clinics, overseen by properly qualified vets, all but two dogs – vaccinated and unvaccinated, and even unvaccinated three-month-old puppies – show titers to the three core diseases. Only two dogs don't have measurable antibody BUT this doesn't mean the dogs don't have protection in memory.
What I would like NOW is for the professional veterinary bodies to stop releasing spurious press releases based upon misinformation, and answer pet owners' legitimate concerns.
The veterinary profession has been suffering from Vaccine-Associated Ostrich Disease for decades. It is over-vaccinating our pets and individual vets claim they have never seen a vaccine reaction. The problem is, they wouldn't know a vaccine reaction if it slapped them in the face. As Ron Schultz says, 'vets are not trained in vaccinology and are therefore not qualified to advise on vaccination'.
LOOK AT THE SCIENCE, PLEASE.
* As a final remark, it's about time that individuals, professional bodies and charities which concern themselves with healthcare were made by law to make it visible and transparent if they are receiving funding from Big Pharma.
"When you lie to someone, you betray them. You create hell on earth."
– Jordan Peterson, clinical psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Toronto
April 26, 2018 by Catherine O'Driscoll	Categories: news
Why Natural Rearers Avoid Antibiotics, NSAIDs, Steroids and Vaccines
Alongside vaccines, antibiotics are seen as a wonder of modern medicine, and there's no doubt that they have saved countless lives, mine included. Antibiotics are effective against many forms of harmful bacteria. Obviously, they won't help if you or your dog have a virus. Taking antibiotics for colds and other viral illnesses not only doesn't work, but it can also have dangerous side effects — over time, this practice helps create bacteria that are harder to kill.
Frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics can causes bacteria or other microbes to mutate so antibiotics don't work against them. This is called antibiotic resistance. Unlike higher organisms, bacteria can transfer DNA not only to bacteria that isn't their offspring, but also to bacteria of other species. In effect, it seems, bacteria have a communications network that tips off same and other forms of bacteria in the battle to colonise mammalian systems.
Treating resistant bacteria requires higher doses of medicine or stronger antibiotics. Because of antibiotic overuse, certain bacteria have become resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics available today.
Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem which the American CDC calls 'one of the world's most pressing public health problems'. Among those that are becoming harder to treat are pneumococcal infections (which cause pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, and meningitis), skin infections, and tuberculosis.
Antibiotic resistance is not only a serious concern for humans, but it's also a growing problem for our dogs. Vets are seeing dramatic increases in bacteria strains that are resistant to multiple classes of drugs. There could come a time when effective antibiotics will no longer be available.
According to Shane Ellison, MS, a pharmaceutical chemist and author of Over the Counter Natural Cures:
"Today, antibiotics are being prescribed for any discomfort imaginable, including the occasional sniffle, cough, or earache. In 1954, two million pounds of antibiotics were produced in the United States. That production now exceeds 50 million pounds. The CDC estimate that more than 30 percent of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary, which equates to more than 50 million overdoses. And … many sufferers are wrongly prescribed antibiotics after diagnostic testing to confirm bacterial infection is bypassed. A grim reality has emerged: antibiotics aren't miracle cures.
"Antibiotics also put 142,000 people into the hospital each year. Those between the ages of fifteen and forty-five are most at risk. Kidney and liver failure—along with allergic reactions, intestinal discomfort, and psychological disturbances—are common outcomes."
Antibiotics can harm the sensitive balance of good and bad bacteria in the gut
Human and dog intestines contain around 100 trillion bacteria of various strains – both good and bad. Many people, especially children and dogs, are vulnerable to the side effects of unnecessary antibiotics, including lasting changes to their gut flora. Aggressive use of antibiotics, while potentially lifesaving if there's a serious infection, can wipe out many of the good gut bacteria while leaving those immune to antibiotics to flourish. This is the case with Clostridium difficile (C diff) diarrheal infections.
Clostridium difficile is a species of bacteria that can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and many animals, including pets, farm animals and wildlife. C diff causes inflammation in the large bowels of dogs. Infection occurs when there is both the presence of numerous C diff bacteria and a reduction of friendly bacteria which normally exist in the colon of a healthy dog.
Dogs may also shed C diff in their faeces without showing symptoms of infection. The bacteria is capable of surviving harsh environmental conditions. Their spores are difficult to clean or remove. Once ingested by a new host, they pass through the digestive system to the colon. In the colon, spores can wake from the dormant state and begin to reproduce.
The effects of leaky gut
Leaky gut is a controversial condition, not wholly accepted by conventional medical practitioners who, it appears, haven't yet seen the research. However, holistic practitioners claim that the gut can become overly porous, affecting the lining of the intestines and creating a dysfunctional environment for proper digestion. This, in itself, leads to further problems.
Leaky gut is also called 'increased intestinal permeability', because with leaky gut, the intestines lose some of their ability to filter nutrients and other substances. When this happens, particles of incompletely digested foods, bacteria, and other waste byproducts, may leak through the intestines into the bloodstream.
The intestines are lined with cells that are sealed together by something called 'tight junctions'. In healthy intestines, these junctions work like gatekeepers, allowing or stopping particles leaking through the gut and into the circulatory system.
With leaky gut syndrome, particles can slip through the cells and tight junctions and literally leak into the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and move freely throughout the body.
When the body recognises these foreign substances and detects something is wrong, the immune system tries to fight what it perceives to be danger in the intestines. This causes inflammation.
In this situation, the ability to digest food and absorb nutrients is decreased, and the immune system can become compromised. When the body is continually trying to repair itself from the effects of leaky gut, it can be caught in a never-ending cycle, especially when the source of the problem is not diagnosed.
For example, unrecognised food sensitivities can create leaky gut, and if the same foods are constantly eaten, a self- perpetuating, inflammatory cycle will be triggered, and the intestinal lining can't heal.
How food sensitivities arise
Inflammation causes the spaces between the cells of the gut wall to become larger than usual. Protein molecules can then traverse the membranes and be absorbed before they have a chance to be completely broken down. The immune system starts making antibodies against these larger molecules because it thinks they're foreign invaders.
Antibodies are now made against proteins that were previously harmless foods. The immune system becomes hyper-stimulated and over-reactive to substances that aren't supposed to be dangerous.
Humans and animals have proteins and antigens very similar to those within foods, bacteria, parasites, candida and fungi. If the immune system is unable to tell the difference between self-tissue and foreign substances due to leaky gut, normally healthy substances become antigens, creating inflammation.
Autoantibodies (self-attacking antibodies) are thus created and inflammation becomes chronic.
If this inflammation occurs in a joint, autoimmune arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) develops. If it occurs in the brain, myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome) may be the result. If it occurs in the blood vessels, vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) is the resulting autoimmune problem.
If the antibodies attack the lining of the gut itself, the result may be Crohn's disease. If it occurs in the lungs, asthma is triggered on a delayed basis every time the individual consumes a food to which he has become sensitised. Practically any organ or body tissue can become affected by food allergies created by a leaky gut.
In dogs, the symptoms typically appear on the skin, with itching and hotspots. The ears can become inflamed. In severe cases, the head will swell.
Because the foods can trigger delayed reactions, sometimes up to 72 hours later, it can often be very hard to pinpoint the food an individual is sensitive to.
IgA antibody damage
This ongoing inflammation also damages the protective coating of IgA antibodies which are normally present in mucous and in a healthy gut. Since IgA helps us to ward off infections, we become less resistant to viruses, bacteria, parasites and candida.
Although IgA antibody deficiency is thought to be largely inherited, "it has also been associated with a variety of anti-rheumatic and anti-epileptic drugs. In about half the cases the deficiency is apparently reversible after cessation of therapy, although full recovery may take months or even years. IgAD was induced by multiple anti-rheumatic drugs in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that selected individuals may be genetically predisposed to develop this complication. On the other hand, different drugs with a common molecular mechanism of action (ACE inhibitors) may actually vary in their capacity to induce IgAD in a given patient."
As well as antibiotics, vaccines can also cause destruction of IgA antibodies. In a scholarly scientific book called 'Autoantibodies' by Y Schoenfeld, ME Gershwin, and PL Meroni, the authors wrote:
"Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of auto-reactive lymphocytes in affected tissues and circulating autoantibodies, immunoglobulins reacting against self-antigens." In other words, the presence of autoantibodies is associated with autoimmune disease. Studies (6) conducted by Purdue University confirmed that dogs develop autoantibodies post-vaccination.
Shoenfeld and colleagues added: "The mere detection of autoantibodies in an asymptomatic person or in an apparently healthy subject should not be neglected. It is now appreciated that autoantibodies may predict the eventual development of a full-blown autoimmunity, such as specific HLA, IgA and complement components deficiencies…
"Involvement of autoantibodies in disease progression and complications, especially in the form of immunocomplexes, is widely accepted." Schoenfeld and colleagues name vaccines as the leading cause of autoimmunity in this modern world.
So with IgA deficiencies, we and our dogs are set up for inflammation. HLA class I deficiency is associated with skin ulcers, sinusitis and chronic lung disease – all inflammatory conditions. My mother-in-law Gladys developed all of these conditions, and was hospitalised, when her blood pressure drugs were switched to a newer product. She now has symptoms of leaky gut, plus food intolerances.
When a leaky gut is produced, microbes are able to invade the bloodstream and colonise almost any body tissue or organ. Leaky gut also causes malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies.
Some puppies arrive in their new homes with food sensitivities, and leaky gut is often behind this. My suspicion is that their mothers suffered from gut dysbiosis (imbalance of good and bad bacteria). Perhaps they were given antibiotics at some point, and antibiotics can decimate the microbial balance, as can NSAIDs and steroids. This imbalance would then be passed to her puppies which can, in turn, lead to a harmful yeast overgrowth. Yeasts are a form of fungi. The yeasts within the gut then create leaky gut syndrome.
Other things like radiation and chemotherapy can wreak havoc with intestinal flora, or the good bacteria that keep the digestive system functioning properly.
Holistic practitioners are beginning to recognise that leaky gut syndrome is almost always associated with autoimmune disease. In fact, reversing symptoms of autoimmune disease is dependent upon healing the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Any other treatment is just symptom suppression.
So, as you see, whilst conventional drugs are powerful and frequently perform important functions, they do so at a price.
The suggestion is that there are other, more natural, solutions that can be used in most cases, leaving the heavy-duty, and sometimes life-saving, conventional bombs as a last resort.
Immunity in the Gut
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has a major role to play in the immune response, and is a major factor when you're seeking to avoid and/or heal inflammatory conditions. It has three main functions:
• digestion
• absorption of nutrients
• preventing toxins from harming the body
The gastrointestinal system is the main route of contact with the external environment because it's dealing with the food we put into our mouths, so it constantly meets external stimuli. Some of these are capable of causing disease: bacteria, protozoa (single-cell organisms or parasites), fungi, viruses, or toxic substances.
The mucosal surfaces of the body (think mucous), including the gut, are thin and permeable barriers to the inside of the body. They are involved in gas exchange (the lungs), food absorption (the gut), sensory activities (eyes, nose, mouth, and throat), and reproduction (uterus and vagina).
Because the surface linings of these sites need to be permeable, they're vulnerable to infection. It's not surprising that the vast majority of infectious agents invade the body through these routes. These all have tightly controlled and monitored blood/organ barriers and are close to lymph nodes.
The gut acts as a portal of entry to a vast array of foreign substances – substances that we mostly call food, but also germs. The immune system has evolved to avoid a vigorous immune response to food antigens on the one hand and, on the other, to detect and kill harmful organisms gaining entry through the gut.
To complicate matters further, most of the gut, as well as other mucosal areas, are heavily colonised by commensal (good) microorganisms, which live in harmony with their host. These bacteria are beneficial in many ways. They provide protection against harmful bacteria (which also resides in the gut) by occupying the space allotted to bacteria in the gut. They compete aggressively (not just passively) with other organisms, and not just for space. Also note that something helpful in the gut can be dangerous if it gets into the bloodstream and interior organs. Good bacteria also serve a nutritional role, synthesising vitamin K and some of the B vitamins.
The gastrointestinal tract's immune system is often referred to as gut-associated lymphoid tissue (or GALT) and works to protect the body from invasion.
The crucial role of the gastrointestinal system is shown by the huge number of immune cells within it. GALT represents almost 70% of the entire immune system, and around 80% of plasma cells (IgA-bearing cells) reside in GALT. IgA antibodies are a key first line of defence against invasion by inhaled and eaten pathogens at the vulnerable mucosal surfaces. IgA antibodies also reside in the blood.
IgM antibodies are also associated with the mucosa. They are the first antibodies to appear in response to exposure.
When facing a large challenge, GALT – the immune response in the gut – can increase intestinal permeability, sometimes causing damage to the intestinal mucosa. This can give rise to conditions such as coeliac disease and food sensitivity.
As mentioned previously, good gut flora competes against bad bacteria and, worse, fungi, for space and nutrients, preventing the bad bacteria's colonisation of the gut. The balance of intestinal flora is dramatically altered by antibiotics and some other drugs. Taking an antibiotic kills large numbers of good gut bacteria as well as the bad bacteria. This allows bad bacteria, which wouldn't otherwise be able to compete successfully with the normal flora, to grow in the gut.
One example of a bacterium that grows in the antibiotic-treated gut and can cause a severe infection is Clostridium difficile (C-diff); this produces two toxins, which can cause severe bloody diarrhoea and mucosal injury.
Alcohol, aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen in humans or Metacam and Rimadyl in dogs, are well-known irritants of the bowel lining. They can damage the seals between cells, allowing some substances to pass through the gaps and into the bloodstream. This is very, very bad.
How food sensitivities create further problems
Inflammation causes the spaces between the cells of the gut wall to become larger than usual. Protein molecules can then cross the membranes and be absorbed into the bloodstream before they have a chance to be completely broken down. The immune system then starts making antibodies against these larger molecules because it thinks they're foreign invaders.
The result is that antibodies are made against proteins that were previously harmless foods. The immune system becomes hyper-stimulated and over-reactive to substances that are not normally dangerous.
Microbes are then able to invade the bloodstream and colonise almost any body tissue or organ. Leaky gut also causes malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies.
So, you see, if you can use natural products which are less likely to cause harm, then it would make absolute sense to do so.
August 21, 2017 by Catherine O'Driscoll	Categories: news
Making sense of the vaccine controversy
At the beginning of the 21st Century, veterinary bodies in America and Australia, as well as the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA), made it clear that once a dog is immune to the 'core' viral diseases of distemper, parvovirus and canine viral hepatitis, they were immune for many years, and probably for life. They suggested that dogs should be vaccinated against these no more frequently than every three years.
Unfortunately, this wording has led most vets to recommend vaccines every three years, which is generally unnecessary. Clarification was offered when the WSAVA made its puppy vaccine summary (1) available, stating: "This is often taken to mean that we should vaccinate every three years – but this is not the case. If the dog is already immune to these three core diseases, re-vaccinating will not add any extra immunity."
They suggested that titre testing would show whether dogs had immunity, and therefore owners could avoid re-vaccinating. The Israeli company, Biogal, has made in-practice titre testing kits available. Called VacciCheck, it should cost only between £35 and £50 (depending on your vet's mark-up), and could save you a small fortune – because you now know that annual or three-yearly boosters aren't required, and your dog is less likely to suffer vaccine reactions, along with treatment or burial bills.
The WSAVA also says in its puppy summary, "The WSAVA seeks to reduce the number of vaccines given as there is always a risk of adverse reactions with any vaccination."
You can safely vaccinate your puppy against the core diseases only once, preferably at around 14-16 weeks. This gives immunity from mothers milk time to wane. Before it wanes, maternal immunity will destroy the vaccine virus just as it would a natural infection – which means that a high percentage of puppies receiving their last vaccine at 12 weeks, as is the norm in the UK, will remain unprotected until they receive a booster at 12 months.
So, the good news is that you can keep your money in your pocket and not pay out for unnecessary vaccines. Even better news is that the fewer vaccines a dog has, the less chance there is of him developing allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancer, or brain damage (2).
Matters are not so clear where the 'non-core' vaccines are concerned. These are said to cover against kennel cough and leptospirosis. Both of these vaccines are fraught with problems. The first is that neither offers permanent immunity. The WSAVA states:
1. The leptospirosis vaccine provides protection for a maximum of 12 – 18 months.
2. This vaccine can be associated with adverse reactions.
3. This vaccine should only be given if there is a real risk.
4. Leptospirosis may be relatively rare in your geographical area, so it's also worth asking your veterinary surgeon if he/she has recently seen any confirmed cases locally. If not, and your dog does not lead a lifestyle which carries a risk of exposure, you may decide not to vaccinate against leptospirosis.
1. In most dogs, kennel cough is generally a mild illness, similar to humans having a cold or the flu. It is usually treated by keeping the dog quiet and giving throat-soothing medications. Occasionally antibiotics can be given to treat secondary infections.
2. Kennel cough vaccines are generally only required by dogs in close contact with other dogs – for example in boarding kennels. However, you should check with your kennel because some will demand kennel cough vaccines, and others will not accept dogs that have been vaccinated against kennel cough (due to shedding).
The 'due to shedding' statement means that the kennel cough vaccine can cause outbreaks in kennels! Dr Ronald Schultz, a leading light in the WSAVA Vaccine Guidelines Group, has stated that leptospirosis and kennel cough "are not vaccinatable diseases". He doesn't use them on his own dogs.
Non-core vaccine issues
Whilst veterinary vaccine manufacturers and vets in practice are keen to promote use of the new Lepto 4 vaccine, MSD's L4 vaccine is under investigation by the European Medicines Control Agency for an apparently high number of adverse effects, including epilepsy, organ failure and death.
Despite a Facebook group (3) with thousands of owners who feel their dogs suffered through use of this vaccine, the UK's veterinary products regulator, the VMD, announced that it has received fewer than seven adverse reaction reports for L4 for every 10,000 doses sold. "The overall incidence of suspected adverse reactions for both L2 and L4 vaccine products is therefore considered to be rare," they said.
The VMD didn't release the actual figures, just the percentages. So let's assume that only 3 million of around 8 million British dogs received MSD's Nobivac L4 vaccine. This extrapolates to 2,100 adverse reactions if three million dogs get the vaccine. If every dog in the UK gets the L4 vaccine, there would be 5,600 adverse reactions.
Yet how many dogs would contract lepto if they didn't get the vaccine? According to MSD's CICADA survey (4) there are around 250 cases of Lepto in the UK in a year. Which makes the vaccine many, many times more dangerous than the disease itself!
To top it off, leptospirosis is rare in the UK. In May 2014, Christopher Ball from the University of Liverpool presented a thesis about leptospirosis in dogs, which was sponsored by MSD. He said:
"Climate plays a role in Leptospira infection rates, with temperate climates not having extreme weather situations that may contribute to infection rates. According to the Köppen climate classification, the UK has a rating of Cfb, meaning cooler summers but also milder winters. The classification reflects the milder climate changes between seasons which reduce the likelihood of leptospirosis."
Nothing adds up. The disease is rare here; some vets in Mr Ball's survey said they hadn't seen a case of lepto in 15 years. The vaccine also offers incomplete protection, and it's associated with horrendous side-effects. The vaccine, if we go by government percentages, is more dangerous than the disease we're seeking to avoid.
The kennel cough vaccine is equally controversial. The 'up the nose' version is claimed to protect against kennel cough, officially called Bordetella bronchiseptica. Bordetella is a family of closely related bacterins which include Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Pertussis and Parapertussis can cause whooping cough in humans. It's also accepted that Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough) can infect humans, giving them a whooping cough-type illness – and often from their dogs' vaccines (5,6).
Natural kennel cough infection induces long-lasting protection in both the lungs and upper respiratory tract, whereas vaccines confer short-term protection only in the lungs (7). So a dog who receives the KC vaccine can become a source of infection for other dogs, and also humans – and it's counter-productive for the dog!
Vaccine company datasheets advise that, "mild discharges from the eyes and nose can occur from the day after vaccination, sometimes accompanied by sneezing and coughing. In some cases, this may persist for up to four weeks". Dogs with 'mild' vaccine-induced kennel cough are infecting other animals, as well as humans. I personally can't see the point of this vaccine. It creates disease rather than preventing it. It's actually a public health risk.
The bottom line is that many owners are giving only puppy shots, and only for the core diseases. Others, like me, don't vaccinate at all, but build naturally robust dogs using diet, herbs and nosodes. Vets and the vaccine industry aren't too happy about this, but those concerned with their dogs' health are.
1. http://www.petwelfarealliance.org/uploads/3/0/3/6/3036695/new_puppy_owner_vaccination_guidelines_may_2013.pdf
2. http://www.petwelfarealliance.org/uploads/3/0/3/6/3036695/vaccine_science_research.pdf
3. Lepto4 – Our experiences: Facebook group
4. http://uk.cicadasurvey.com/
5. J Med Microbiol. 2007 Dec;56(Pt 12):1608-10. Misidentification of Bordetella bronchiseptica as Bordetella pertussis using a newly described real-time PCR targeting the pertactin gene.
6. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 37, Issue 3, Pp. 407-414. Human Illness Associated with Use of Veterinary Vaccines
7. http://vbs.psu.edu/research/labs/harvill/selected-publications/2007%20M-I%20Lakshmi%20Vacc%20v%20Infect.pdf
July 20, 2017 by Catherine O'Driscoll	Categories: news
allergies asthma bach flower remedies dermatitis dogs emotional freedom technique food health hereditary holistic vets homoeopathic vets immunodeficiency natural remedies research science sensitivities skin vaccine vaccine damage vaccines yeast
In Store: What Vets Don't Tell You About Vaccines
Vets around the world were advising pet owners to vaccinate their animal companions against disease every year. In the author's opinion, annual vaccination is neither necessary, nor safe.
In the revised, updated edition the author brings fresh information and explains why she feels you can protect your dogs and cats from disease homeopathically, without risking their lives at the same time..
To buy this book click here


The Flamefast CellarGuard system is designed to monitor for a build-up of Carbon Dioxide in confined spaces.
The Flamefast CellarGuard system is designed to monitor for a build-up of Carbon Dioxide in confined spaces.Cellars and other CO2 storage areas in premises such as Breweries, Public Houses and Fast Food Outlets present a risk as leaks from CO2 cylinders can quite often go unnoticed. If the areas are not properly ventilated, exposure to high concentrations of CO2 can have serious adverse effects on your health can lead to unconsciousness and in extreme cases can even be fatal.


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