text:
Eurasian Soil Science
December 2019 , Volume 52, Issue 12, pp 1515–1532 | Cite as
Carbonate Profile of Soils in the Baikal Region: Structure, Age, and Formation Conditions
V. A. Golubtsov
A. A. Cherkashina
O. S. Khokhlova
GENESIS AND GEOGRAPHY OF SOILS
The results of the study of the carbonate profiles of soils in the western (Cis-Baikal) and eastern (the Selenga middle mountains) Baikal region are presented. There is a similarity in their structure: numerous CaCO3 maxima in the soil profiles are typical, which is associated with the repeated redistribution of carbonates during different stages of pedogenesis. The carbonate profile of soils in the Baikal region is relatively ancient (the youngest accumulations date back to the Middle Holocene) and a rather conservative formation that does not undergo any noticeable rearrangements under modern climatic conditions. The accumulations of secondary carbonates are localized in the carbonate-accumulative horizons of the modern surface soils and buried Kargin (MIS-3) soils and Holocene soils. The exception is hypocoatings that are often found beyond the indicated horizons, which is associated with a more active redistribution of carbonates within the root system of vegetation. The solid-phase effect of carbonatization (carbonate neoformations) is observed in the study area mainly in the soils formed on calcareous rocks and products of their redeposition and does not depend on the type of soil and the nature of the growing vegetation. Based on the analysis of the composition of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in secondary carbonate accumulations, it was found that carbonate precipitation in soils of the Cis-Baikal region occurs during the degassing of soil solutions in the course of freezing–thawing cycles, dynamic increase and decrease in the soil biological activity, and alternation of the soil moistening with snowmelt and rainwater with its subsequent freezing that can take place in spring and autumn seasons. Under these conditions, atmospheric CO2 has the main influence on the isotopic composition of carbon in pedogenic carbonates; the isotopic composition of oxygen is controlled by the fractionation of isotopes upon freezing of the soil solutions. Secondary carbonate accumulations in the Selenga middle mountains are formed during the soil drying as a result of active water consumption for plant transpiration, which is most pronounced in the first half of summer.
carbonate profile of soils secondary carbonate accumulations composition of stable isotopes 14C AMS-dating morphology
The study was performed within the framework of the research program of the Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (no. 0347-2016-0002) and partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 17-04-00092 and 17-04-01526). Micromorphological studies were carried out within the framework of the state assignment AAAA-A18-118013190175-5.
Translated by D. Konyushkov
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© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2019
1.Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesIrkutskRussia
2.Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of SciencesPushchinoRussia
Golubtsov, V.A., Cherkashina, A.A. & Khokhlova, O.S. Eurasian Soil Sc. (2019) 52: 1515. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229319120056
Received 30 January 2019
Revised 13 March 2019
Accepted 23 April 2019
DOI https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229319120056
Publisher Name Pleiades Publishing
Online ISSN 1556-195X


There is a phrase people often use to describe an unexpected exception, "Diamond in the rough". Therefore, exceptional is exactly Mister Fairbanks. Born in the heartland of America, one would think his surname would regale us with images of high society. Throw in a salutation like, "Mister" and you have yourself a brand. Mister Fairbanks is anything but a high society elitist. His aesthetic is the people and his image is the art. Among his peers, he has another exception; he was never formally trained in the world of fashion. Meanwhile Mister Fairbanks has caught the attention from buyers of several well established department stores, but it was the keen sense of craftsmanship that led to his decision to hold off entering the market until his designs were perfected. There are things that cannot be taught in a classroom and for Mister Fairbanks' wrist-wear, his designs resemble that very sentiment. Like many of the best, passion comes first. Growing up with a family of fabric collectors and sewers inspired his ability to organically create his own designs. While in his adult life, living in various cities helped bring the brand to life. Mister Fairbanks wants everyone to know that he believes anyone with the passion and boldness in life will fit well with his designs. Made for those who are going places and designed for those who never forget where they came from.


text:
Red Gate Books
The Red Gate Guide to SQL Server Team-based Development
This book shows how to use a mixture of home-grown scripts, native SQL Server tools, and tools from the Red Gate SQL Toolbelt, to successfully develop database applications in a team environment, and make database development as similar as possible to "normal" development.
Phil Factor, Grant Fritchey, Alex Kuznetsov, and Mladen PrajdiÄ
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Phil Factor (real name withheld to protect the guilty), aka Database Mole, has 25 years of experience with database-intensive applications. Despite having once been shouted at by a furious Bill Gates at an exhibition in the early 1980s, he has remained resolutely anonymous throughout his career.
Grant Fritchey Microsoft SQL Server MVP 2009-2010, works for an industry-leading engineering and insurance company as a principal DBA. Grant has performed development of large-scale applications in languages such as Visual Basic, C#, and Java, and has worked with SQL Server since version 6.0. Grant spends a lot of time involved in the SQL Server community, including speaking and blogging, and he is an active participant in the SQLServerCentral.Com forums. He is the author of several books including SQL Server Execution Plans (Simple Talk Publishing, 2008) and SQL Server Query Performance Tuning Distilled (Apress, 2008).
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View all articles by Red Gate Books
Kalen Delaney 07 December 2017
SQL Server Internals: In-Memory OLTP
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How To: Get the 'War Hero' achievement in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim
YouTuber pm00 really does make the best video guides for The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. In order to get the 'War Hero' achievement, you'll have to complete a few objectives. First and foremost, you'll have to join the Imperial Legion to activate that questline. Also, you'll have to complete the quest "Compelling Tribute".
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text:
package com.boyuyun.base.sys;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;

import com.boyuyun.base.course.CourseBizTest;
import com.boyuyun.base.sys.biz.SysParamBiz;
import com.boyuyun.base.sys.entity.SysParam;
import com.boyuyun.common.junit.SpringJunitTest;
import com.boyuyun.common.util.ByyStringUtil;

@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class SysParamBizTest extends SpringJunitTest {

	private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CourseBizTest.class);
	@Resource
	private SysParamBiz SysParamService;

	//@Test
	public void testA_Save() {
		SysParam sysParam = new SysParam();
		String id=ByyStringUtil.getRandomUUID();
		sysParam.setParamKey(id);
		sysParam.setParamValue("123");
		Exception ex = null;
		try {
			SysParamService.save(sysParam);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			ex = e;
			e.printStackTrace();
			logger.error(e);
		}
		Assert.assertTrue(ex==null);
	}

	@Test
	public void testB_GetAll() {
		List<SysParam> list= null;
		try {
			list= SysParamService.getAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			logger.error(e);
		}
		Assert.assertTrue(list!=null);
	}

	@Test
	public void testC_GetAllAsMap() {
		Map list= null;
		try {
			list= SysParamService.getAllAsMap();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			logger.error(e);
		}
		Assert.assertTrue(list!=null);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: regex php fetching data from a string I want to parse a CSS file and every time there is background:[some properties] (12px) (10px) [some properties]; changes to `background:[some properties] right (12px) top (10px) [some properties];
I have tried this regex:
(background\s*:.*?)\s(\d+([a-z]+|%|))\s+(\d+([a-z]+|%|));
but it catches:
background:url(../images/header.jpg) top no-repeat; height:123px; float:left; padding:65px left 0px top 0px  120px;
you can see in this fiddle the only string it should catch is this:
background:url(../images/header.jpg) 10px  0 no-repeat;
but it catches extra string.
so my question is how do I stop the regex pattern after ;, so it will not continue to the next css rule.
and hat is the right pattern here?

A: You can try this:
$result = preg_replace('/\bbackground\s*:[^;]*?\K(\d+(?:px|e[mx]|%)?+\s+)(\d+(?:px|e[mx]|%)?+)/i', 'right $1 top $2', $string);

example:
<?php

$string = <<<'LOD'
#banner{width:814px; background:url(../images/header.jpg) top no-repeat; height:123px; float:left; padding:65px 0px 0px  120px; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size:30px; color:#fff;}

#banner2{width:814px; background:url(../images/header.jpg) 10px  0 no-repeat; height:123px; float:left; padding:65px 0px 0px  120px; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size:30px; color:#fff;}

#banner3{width:814px; background:url(../images/header.jpg) left 10px  top 0 no-repeat; height:123px; float:left; padding:65px 0px 0px  120px; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size:30px; color:#fff;}
LOD;

$result = preg_replace('/\bbackground\s*:[^;]*?\K(\d+(?:px|e[mx]|%)?+)\s+(\d+(?:px|e[mx]|%)?+)/i', 'right $1 top $2', $string);

print_r($result);

pattern details:
(?:....) is a non capturing group
\K resets all the match from match result before it
\b is a word boundary. It's a zero-width assertion, a border between a member of the \w character class and another character
[^;] is a negative character class that means "all character except ;"
a quantifier is by default greedy (it catch all that is possible), if you want it catch the less possible (lazy), you must add a question mark after (*?, +?, ??, {1,5}?)

A: Your regex expects that background property will end with two numbers and ; and does not expect to meet no-repeat there. Try this regex
(background\s*:.*?)\s(\d+([a-z]+|%|))\s+(\d+([a-z]+|%|)).*?;

A: This should work:
(background\s*:[^;]*?)\s(\d+([a-z]+|%|))\s+(\d+([a-z]+|%|)).*?;

I've replace your first .* with [^;]*, or anything except a semi-colon.  This will prevent the regex traversing past the first semicolon before matching the numeric values you are looking for.
I've also added a .*? before the final semi-colon, to allow it to traverse past any extra data after the two numeric values, such as "no-repeat" in your example.  That .*? could be replaced with [^;]*, if you prefer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Do Not Heat: Is It Dangerous To Drink And Eat From Plastic Dishes
Plastic and microplastics, flora and fauna
What is plastic and what you need to know about its toxicity
Why is everyone so afraid of bisphenol A
How to choose the right dishes and packaging
How much plastic do we eat and why is it a problem
Should I transfer food from a plastic container to a plate?
What governments and laboratories are doing
What to do for an individual person
Can plastic bottles be reused?
Eco-friendly plastics and alternative solutions
Innovation versus plastic
Video: Do Not Heat: Is It Dangerous To Drink And Eat From Plastic Dishes
Video: How harmful is Storing Foods in Plastic Containers | Safe Alternatives 2023, January
Massive use of polymer compounds started in the 50s and has been growing ever since. Even the most responsible consumer is unable to completely remove plastic from their lives. But the biggest concern for doctors and scientists is the plastic we eat without knowing it, and the plastic we eat from. To figure out how safe it is, you have to start from the very beginning.
Text: Marina Levicheva
It hasn't been long since marine biologist Ed Carpenter noticed strange white specks in the Sargasso Sea in 1971. But it was enough to make sure that plastic in the oceans is not just a problem, but a real environmental disaster. It affects marine systems by altering the rate of growth, metabolism and physiology of flora and fauna. According to the latest estimates, between 4.8 and 12.7 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year, and the numbers could double by 2025. But plastic - including with water - also gets into the soil, which endangers the crops that grow on it and the animals that feed here.
Scientists started talking back in the 1990s that up to 80% of the plastic found in the ocean is not biodegradable. However, the term "microplastic" to refer to plastic particles no larger than 5 millimeters in size was introduced by the marine biologist Richard Thompson only in 2004. Research data turned out to be more and more frightening, but public consciousness was in no hurry to change.
A notable shift came when Greenpeace released information on the dangers of microbeads in cosmetics (cleansers, exfoliators, shower gels) for marine life. A 2016 petition to ban the use of microbeads in the UK garnered 365,000 signatures in just four months, making it the largest environmental petition in the world. At the same time, animals absorb plastic in critical quantities, which leads to the death of even the largest of them, as happened with a whale in Thailand.
"In fact, plastic is a whole group of materials: polyethylene, which can be synthesized at various densities of carbon atoms, thermal conditions (products marked PET, LDPE, HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other types of plastics (polycarbonate, polyamide) marked with O or OTHER,"says Vitaly Khoroshavin, director of the Institute of Earth Sciences at Tyumen State University.
And no, not all plastic is toxic. "Polymers become toxic under different conditions: some cannot be heated, others cannot be washed, others come into contact with food as a result of improper storage, and so on. The plastic itself is not toxic, it is made dangerous by the substances that are added here for strength,"explains Tamara Gelashvili, endocrinologist at the Medintsentr Clinical Diagnostic Center.
Some types of plastics begin to disintegrate into separate components in contact with alcohol. If you've ever poured strong alcohol into a plastic cup designed for water - for example, whiskey from a duty-free shop on an airplane - you've probably smelled that characteristic pungent smell. It appears when a volatile plastic monomer is released.
"In 95% of cases, the inexpensive bisphenol A (BPA) hardener is used to complete the curing process and convert the free-flowing plastic material to the desired shape. It was synthesized in 1891 in the laboratory of Russian chemist Alexander Danilin and is the end product of the reaction of phenol and acetone under the influence of hydrochloric acid, says nutritionist Olga Gulenkova. - In small concentrations, bisphenol A is not harmful and in 2010 it was recognized as safe by the Russian representative office of the WHO. However, in large quantities, as well as when heated and interacted with certain substances such as alcohols, oils, acids and other free esters, it can be dangerous."
5 quick facts about plastic
40% plastic - packaging that is used only once;
44% of the plastic ever created is manufactured after 2000;
29% of all plastic is produced in China;
In Europe, 30% of plastic is recycled - this is the highest level in the world;
600 billion plastic bags are produced annually.
"To distinguish food-grade plastic from non-food plastic, it is enough to look for the food-grade plastic icon on it when buying any plastic tableware - images of a glass and a fork. And on the plastic packaging you should look for the BPA-free badge - it does not contain bisphenol A,"advises Sergey Sysoev, head of the department of independent environmental review of Ecostandard Group.
Scientists have found that every year we consume more than 70 thousand pieces of microplastics that enter food through packaging, industrial waste and food chains. The analysis of the results of 26 studies on the topic, which studied the content of microplastics in seafood, salt, sugar, honey, beer and water, made it possible to speak only about 39-52 thousand particles, but taking into account the amount of plastic that we inhale (there is even more of it in the air, than in shellfish), gave a more menacing figure. And by the way, according to the same study, another 90 thousand pieces of microplastics enter the human body from drinking water per year.
Scientists are still debating how dangerous plastic is to humans. The main problem is that it can potentially bind to hormones, interfering with important processes in the body. In marine animals, for example, bisphenol A does this in several ways: by mimicking estrogens, by blocking the work of other sex hormones or thyroid hormones. By the way, BPS, which is often used as an alternative to BPA, does the same. Simply replacing BPA with BPS gives the manufacturer the right to say their product is BPA-free.
Harvard scientists have also proven the effect of bisphenol on the eggs of rhesus monkeys. Some phthalates, according to a 2008 study, can cause inflammation in mice, and male rats fed phthalates have developed dysfunctional sperm. However, the results of animal studies can not always be generalized to humans. Even the authors of the most high-profile works note that very high doses of substances are used in experiments, and the effects will not necessarily be similar (although it is impossible to verify this for ethical reasons).
Reviews of the literature on the effects of plastics on human health have suggested a link between exposure to BPA, phthalates and plastic constituents and decreased fertility, impaired immune function, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. But here it is important to understand that all studies were epidemiological, so this relationship is not necessarily causal.
Scientists separately note that in the future it is important to focus on the cumulative effects of chemicals in plastic on the body. While the constituents of plastics are being studied separately today, PVC, as an example, used in a wide range of household products, may contain BPA, phthalates, flame retardants, lead and cadmium. And how all this together affects a person, so far one can only guess.
"It is advisable to transfer food to ordinary dishes if you reheat food in the microwave, because when heated, various volatile organic compounds are released, mainly polyvinyl chloride (polyvinyl chloride itself is safe for humans, unlike its combustion products. - Approx. ed.). For heating, you can use only thermostatic plastic (there should be a corresponding icon on it), but even in this case, the heating should not exceed 60 degrees,"says Sergei Sysoev.Note that even if the plastic, when heated, emits substances that are safe for humans, the container itself gradually collapses - its surface may become rough or get microcracks, where food debris and microbes will accumulate. And water, according to Tamara Gelashvili, is better to take with you in plastic, which is not exposed to sunlight and is intended for storage and reuse.
Canada, the EU, and some US states have banned the use of BPA in certain product categories, including baby food packaging, toys, and baby care products. Even so, there remains a problem with "Generally Recognized Safe" substances (GRAS) - they are, for example, used in packaging for products such as sugar or coffee, with a long and risk-free history of use. More and more experts think that this category of substances has problems with control and evidence base.
In March 2018, after the journalistic organization Orb Media discovered plastic particles in bottled water of several major brands, the WHO took a close look at the health impact of microplastics. "Plastic is not processed in the body, so it is constantly circulating. The only question is how quickly the concentration of microplastics in food and air will reach the level at which changes in human health indicators will be statistically significant,"says Larisa Prikhodko, business development manager at Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok. By the way, on the island of Samet in the Gulf of Thailand, it is already forbidden to use plastic bags and polystyrene containers. And this, apparently, is only the beginning.
But scientists are also not innocent when it comes to plastic waste. In 2014, laboratories around the world produced about 5.5 tons of plastic - almost 2% of the total waste. And while laboratory experiments cannot be compared to using disposable cups, researchers are trying to come up with something. For example, biologist Nidi Sharma from Stanford University began growing several plants in a single plastic pot and reusing plastic tags by washing them in ethanol (she talks about these and other life hacks not only to students, but also on the Bitesize Bio website). And other laboratories use glassware instead of plastic, including volumetric pipettes and Petri dishes. Yes, they require careful sterilization after experimentation, but the effort is worth it.
Scientists think that a more responsible approach from plastics and food manufacturers could work, too: if plastic becomes easy to recycle, it will be recycled. And they cite the example of colored plastic bottles, the processing of which is five times more expensive than transparent ones: the pigment is quite difficult to remove, and the tinting of the plastic does not serve any purpose, except for advertising.
In the modern world, contact with plastic is inevitable, but it is still worth trying to reduce its use. The simplest steps are to buy a glass water bottle and a reusable metal straw instead of disposable ones, and also not to use plastic packaging when not necessary (for example, many fruits have their own natural packaging). All this may seem like something insignificant, but environmentalists and eco-activists constantly say that the more people take such small steps, the better.
"You shouldn't use plastic with a pungent unpleasant odor - it means that low-quality raw materials were used in the production," advises Tamara Gelashvili. - You can also limit the consumption of plastic, replacing it with more natural materials: store food in glass or ceramic dishes, when buying food, remove the packaging film from them,buy baby food in glass or cardboard packaging and so on."
"It is better to buy toys from well-known manufacturers who adhere to quality certification," adds Sergei Sysoev. - A child's body is more sensitive than an adult, and even small concentrations of harmful substances can harm it. At the same time, children pull toys into their mouths, sleep with them and bathe in hot water, so it is important to monitor their quality."
Types of plastic and their properties
Different types of plastic are marked with a code of numbers placed in a triangle. The safest categories for food and drink are categories 1, 2, 4 and 5
01-PET (PETE) - polyethylene terephthalate - used in the production of disposable bottles for water and soft drinks, disposable plastic packaging, blisters. Suitable for single use; when repeated, it is possible to release phthalates, potentially associated with disturbances in the work of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
02- HDP (HDPE2) - high-pressure polyethylene - opaque plastic bottles for juice and dairy products, containers for household chemicals, packaging of food products and motor oils are made from it. This is the most environmentally friendly and safest option.
03- PVC (V) - polyvinyl chloride - used in the production of pipes, floor and wall coverings, bathroom curtains, plastic bags, some toys. It can emit vinyl chloride and phthalates, is practically not recyclable, and when it is burned, it releases into the environment dioxins. They are toxic to various body systems, and under chronic exposure they caused various cancers in animals. Today, it is believed that absolutely every person has a background effect of dioxins on the body and it does not pose a danger - according to the WHO, the risk is increased in workers of certain industries, and in some regions also in people who eat a lot of fish.
04- PELD (LDPE) - low pressure polyethylene - used mainly for the production of bags, cling film, garbage bags. This plastic is not resistant to temperatures, and its integrity can be compromised even when exposed to direct sunlight.
05- PP - polypropylene - widely used in the production of food containers, syringes, buckets, yogurt cups, toys, baby feeding bottles. It can be heated up to 100 degrees.
06- PS - polystyrene - used for the production of food containers, packaging, cutlery, dishes, thermal insulation materials. Do not heat or store alcoholic beverages in it, as it can be released styrene, which was recently reclassified from possibly carcinogenic to likely carcinogenic to humans. The risk of complications is again high for those who work in the plastic industry..
07- PC (polycarbonate) and others - with frequent washing or heating may release bisphenol A.
In 2015, the European Food Safety Agency concluded that at current exposure levels, bisphenol A poses no danger to humans, including unborn children. In addition, the microplastics found in bottled water are mostly polypropylene, which is considered safe for humans (although there is ongoing debate here).
Manufacturers recommend washing the bottle with warm water and soap after each use to get rid of bacteria, and also avoid using cracked or damaged bottles where insidious bacteria can settle.
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, durable, corrosion-resistant materials with high thermal and electrical insulating properties. And for this very reason they are actively used in various fields.Moreover, plastics have the potential to be used in the future for medical purposes and in the production of renewable energy, so no one is likely to completely abandon them.
Many manufacturers are now switching to bioplastics (for example, Lego, which does not make non-plastic products at all, has already introduced sugarcane plastics into its range) because sustainability is a good marketing ploy. But in reality, eco-friendly plastic may not be that eco-friendly.
For example, a bottle made from polymerized lactic acid (PLA) is difficult to compost and, if mistakenly placed in the PET group, could contaminate the entire cycle. In addition, the label "bio" on the packaging encourages people to consume mindlessly, which is contrary to the idea itself. Finally, plant-based plastic is getting the same criticism as biofuels - as the area where crops can be grown for food will decrease if the entire world switches to ecoplastic.
In fact, there is even plastic in tea bags. As of 2018, 95% of them have a seal at the very top, where the plastic is contained. The easiest and most obvious way to get rid of plastic problems in the future is to stop using it. But although there are active discussions about banning single-use plastic products throughout Europe, one cannot expect that all countries will pass the relevant laws at once. And even if so, there will be countries outside the EU, where something needs to be done too.
Scientists around the world are trying to come up with simpler ways to recycle plastic. People produce and use a million bottles per minute, of which less than half are recycled. But on a small island near Panama, the problem is being tackled by using bottles to build houses. Canadian Robert Bezout, who came up with the idea of turning plastic into buildings, admits that the idea came to him after he got tired of collecting bottles on the beaches of the island. The village, by the way, is now called Plastic Bottle Village.
Another innovation is the processing of plastics into oil. About 8% of the world's oil production is used for the production of plastics, and by 2050, the figure is projected to rise to 20%. Perhaps the best way to recycle plastic is to turn it back into oil for reuse. And Japanese scientists have already made a device that is capable of this. The process is surprisingly efficient - it allows you to get a liter of oil from a kilogram of plastic for as little as 20 cents.
ReDeTec has developed the first and so far the only system that can recycle plastic waste into new filament, and then use it for 3D printing. At the same time, various plastics can be loaded into the ProtoCycler printer - from defective 3D models to empty bottles.
Biodegradable packaging options are also emerging. The drinking water bottle, created by Icelandic designer Ari Jonsson, contains red algae powder and water. The mycelium of fungi has also found great potential. Experiments continue, but it is already clear that such packaging will have natural fire resistance and ductility.
PHOTOS: estradaanton - stock.adobe.com


text:
CISabroad Summer in Ecuador
Quito, Ecuador (Outgoing Program)
Anthropology, Biology, Business, Communications, Culinary Art, Culture, Environmental Studies, Fine Arts, Hospitality, Humanities, International Business, International Relations, Latin American Studies, Marketing, Spanish, Studio Art, Tourism
On our Summer in Ecuador program, you'll live 9,000 feet above sea level in the amazing city of Quito. Its historic downtown, full of cobblestone streets and colorful buildings, will captivate you all summer long. You'll study at the leading private university in the country, the Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and be based at its well-equipped U.S.-style campus. Quito will also be your classroom as you practice newfound language skills in everyday settings. CISabroad's program includes incredible, unique excursions that will complement your coursework. You're sure to create memories to last a lifetime while traveling throughout Ecuador's ethnically, culturally, and naturally diverse landscapes.
You will experience:
One of the most diverse countries in the world, from the wilds of the Amazon to the majestic Andes to the Pacific beaches
Nine U.S. credits in nine weeks
Quito's UNESCO World Heritage listed colonial center
Salsa lessons so you can impress on the dance floor
The thrilling Teleférico, a cable car with a view of Quito from atop a volcano
Thriving artisan markets showcase vibrant art and indigenous culture of Ecuador
From lively indigenous festivals to lovely outdoor cafés in tranquil parks, Quito is a city of wonderful contrasts. It has a mixed history of ancient empires and colonialism. This history is visible in the ruins that dot the landscape and in the incredible Spanish-style churches and leafy plazas. UNESCO named the entire downtown a World Heritage site. They described Quito as having "the best-preserved, least-altered historic center in Latin America."
Quito comprises several distinct neighborhoods. You'll love the historic downtown with its colorful buildings, cobblestone streets, and street vendors selling everything you can possibly imagine. Equally fun is the Mariscal Sucre, the heart of the traveler scene in Quito. It's rife with international restaurants, travel agencies, and hostels, and has a very lively dance scene. In other neighborhoods, you can visit an incredible museum that pays tribute to Oswaldo Guayasamin (Quito's favorite artist), independent cinemas, and bohemian enclaves. If music is your passion, you can tap your feet to live traditional Andean tunes, pulsating salsa, and cumbia. Lastly, you can get lost for hours in the local parks and craft markets set amidst colonial grandeur. Most importantly, it's all easily accessible by bus, taxi, or foot.
Volcanoes and the impressive Andes mountains surround Quito. Every day, you'll glimpse stunning views of the Pichincha Valley and the snow-capped peaks of Cotopaxi, an active volcano. At the same time, you can access other amazing opportunities for exploration from the highest capital in the world. Ecuador is packed with adventure and amazing biodiversity, from the Amazonian jungle to crater lakes to the Galapagos Islands. Getting to these locations is easy and quick. Furthermore, you can be on the beach in the morning, Quito in the afternoon, and the Amazon jungle at night, all in the same day!


All about the Mobot Freedom Chasers - How does it add up?
Looking for an Electric Scooter? Introducing the Freedom Chaser, the world's first throttle-free Electric Scooter.
MOBOT Freedom Chaser patented Intelligent Accelerator System allows the electric scooter to accelerate and maintain the speed throughout the journey without pressing the throttle. Brakes? All you got to do is just press the brakes once and it will auto decelerate for you. This technology reduces the fatigue caused by the long duration of holding down the throttle.
Want to travel a long distance? No problem. MOBOT has worked together with its partners in creating high quality and durable lithium ion battery to ensure a single charge offers longest distance coverage. The Freedom Chaser as a high-end electric scooter is equipped with a top end battery to live up to its reputation of being the beast of endurance. Superb battery quality and capacity offer a traveling distance of up to 60km so you can go around Singapore without worrying that your battery will run out.
The Freedom Chaser comes with an Anti-theft alarm to alert the user of potential theft if a slight movement or touch is made on the electric scooter. It uses a remote key lock system to activate the Freedom Chaser and also allows the user to find the location of the electric scooter so you don't have to worry about your Electric Scooter getting stolen!
The front light of the MOBOT Freedom Chaser electric scooter tested and equips with strong brightness at 758 lumens compared to the average e-scooter of 47 lumens in the market. It is one of the brightest front light to shine at a distance during night time or low visibility. Additional enhancement or light accessories is not needed.


text:
Get the Blaze App
Free Beer and Hot WingsFree Beer and Hot Wings
Ween Will Return to Missoula this Summer
Photo by: Patrick_Jordan
Ween will bring their eclectic live show back to Missoula on Wednesday, July 1st. It's at the Big Sky Brewing Company Amphitheater, so your dreams of dancing and singing the night away under the gorgeous Missoula sky on a summer night is closer than you think.
Ween tickets are on sale this Friday, February 7th at 10 a.m. at Big Sky Brewing Company, Rockin' Rudy's and online. Listen to Alt 101-5 to win tickets!
2016 was a monumental year for Ween. More than four years after their last performance, the band reunited for three instantly sold out shows in each Broomfield, CO and New York, NY, made headline and festival appearances across the country, and released their first live album since 2008.
GodWeenSatan: Live showcases the 2001 record release party for their classic studio album, GodWeenSatan: The Oneness. The album is available as a double LP via the official online store and digitally through iTunes and Amazon.
Formed by Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, Jr. in New Hope, PA, Ween has taken on a cult-like status with legions of devoted fans around the world. Beginning with six self-released cassettes in the 1980s followed by 11 studio albums, 6 live albums and a smattering of EPs through the 1990s and 2000s, Ween's recorded output is far-reaching in its styles moving from rock to punk to psychedelic to country to alternative and all points in between.
However, it's the band's incendiary live shows that have truly cultivated its diehard fan base. Ween consists of Gene and Dean Ween alongside longtime band members Claude Coleman, Jr. (drums), Dave Dreiwitz (bass) and Glenn McClelland (keyboards).
Categories: Concerts, Events, Missoula News
2021 96.3 The Blaze, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Irrfan Khan's tumour can be removed surgically, says Dr. Saumitra Rawat
In what could bring respite to Irrfan Khan's fans, who are in a state of shock after the actor revealed that he is diagnosed with NeuroEndocrine Tumour, a doctor said that former's 'rare disease' is curable.
Dr. Saumitra Rawat, HOD, Surgical Gastroenterology & Liver Transplant, Sri Ganga Ram Hospital, talked to ANI on the matter and gave some insights about its nature and medication.
Dr. Rawat said, "NeuroEndocrine Tumour is an abnormal growth of Neuroendocells which are present in bodies. When there is an abnormal growth, then it forms a tumor – Normally seen in intestine, pancreas, lung, thyroid and other parts of the body".
On commenting on Khan's case, he said, "It depends on the location of the tumor, its size, and what is its mitotic index".
He further noted that such kind of tumors can be taken out surgically.
"Depending on where the tumor is localized, you can take it out surgically and the chances of cure are very high", Dr. Rawat explained.
He added that once the procedure is done, the patient is required to have regular check-ups for any recurring tumors.
The 'Madari' actor had tweeted about his diagnosis and broke the news to the world through micro-blogging site, earlier in the day.
He had tweeted, "Life is under no obligation to give us what we expect" – Margaret Mitchell. The unexpected makes us grow, which is what the past few days have been about. Learning that I have been diagnosed with NeuroEndocrine Tumour as of now has admittedly been difficult, but the love and strength of those around me and that I found within me has brought me to a place of hope. The journey of this is taking me out of the country, and I request everyone to continue sending their wishes. As for the rumors, that were floated NEURO is not always about the brain and googling is the easiest way to do research 😉 To those who waited for my words, I hope to be back with more stories to tell".
🙏🏻 pic.twitter.com/IDThvTr6yF
— Irrfan (@irrfank) March 16, 2018
The 51-year-old-actor had taken to his Twitter to break the news to the world of him contracting a 'rare disease'.
Khan had tweeted on Monday, "Sometimes you wake up with a jolt with life-shaking you up. The last fifteen days, my life has been a suspense story. Little had I known that my search for rare stories would make me find a rare disease. I have never given up and have always fought for my choices and always will. My family and friends are with me and we are working it out the best way possible. In trying times, please don't speculate as I will myself share with you my story within a week – ten days when the further investigations come with a conclusive diagnosis. Till then, wish the best for me".
🙏🏻 pic.twitter.com/JXD8NKwH3D
— Irrfan (@irrfank) March 5, 2018
A bevy of fans has since been wishing the actor a speedy recovery.
Stay tune or more updates!
Dr. Saumitra Rawat irrfan khan Madari televisionsworld.com televisionsworld.in televisionsworldin	2018-03-18
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/ I Want To See The Bright Lights Tonight
℗ 1974 Island Records, a division of Universal Music Operations Limited
© 1974 Island Records, a division of Universal Music Operations Limited
Hard Luck Stories (1972 - 1982) Richard & Linda Thompson 2020


text:
September 3, 2010 | by Bill McKibben
Since I work on a college campus, I have a front row seat to that annual spring rite, the arrival of the reunion classes. About a week after Commencement, the surviving members of the 25th and the 50th and sometimes even the 75th classes arrive, for a round of cocktail parties and lectures and golf tournaments and heavy petting from the development office. But what interests me most is how happy all these returnees seem to be back in the dorm rooms of their youth—how happy their memories of college are. If there were a common sentiment, it would be "those were the best years of my life."
But why? Because of the intellectual stimulation? Perhaps, though I confess I can barely even remember most of the classes I took. Here's my guess: For an average American, college is the only four years of your life when you live the way most human beings have always lived, in close emotional and physical proximity with a lot of other people. We like it because we've more or less evolved to like it.
Consider: Since the end of World War II, Americans have devoted themselves assiduously to one task above all others: building bigger houses farther apart from each other. As we've sprawled out across the landscape, the chance that we would run into each other on any given day has steadily decreased. It's a trend reinforced by all the other effects of our access to endless cheap fossil fuel: We don't get food from our neighbors, we don't need our neighbors for safety or security. Truth be told, we're the first of our species who have no practical need of our neighbors for anything. Which may explain why we barely know them. By some accounts, more than half of Americans have no real relationship with the people who live next door.
It may also explain something else: why Americans haven't gotten any happier over the last five decades. Statistically we've stayed even at best; the number of Americans who rate themselves as very happy has gone down since the 1950s, even though our standard of living has trebled. If economics worked the way we think it does—if more stuff produced more satisfaction—then we'd be pleased as punch. That we're not demands some explanation (especially since all that growth has come at tremendous cost to, among other things, the environment—if we're going to wreck the climate, we should at least get some serious pleasure in return).
The data is still murky, but I think it's increasingly clear what's happened. The American dream was the independence I've already described—rattling around in a big house separated from the next one by as broad a swath of grass as you could afford. But that dream doesn't actually fit with who we are. The average American eats dinner with friends and family half as often as 50 years ago. The average American has half as many friends as someone 50 years ago. That's what happens when you live an ever-more-privatized life. And it turns out to be a bad bargain—there aren't enough flat-screen plasmas and beach-villa vacations and all-you-can-eat buffets to make up for the loss of those friends, the loss of those networks, the loss of that community. We are, it's useful to remind ourselves, socially evolved primates—it wasn't that long ago that we spent our days crouched on the forest floor grooming each other. It's no wonder we're a little out of sorts in our lonesome new world.
And it's no wonder we're looking for alternatives. For a decade now, the farmers market has been the fastest growing part of our food economy—their numbers have doubled and then doubled again. Partly that's because the food tastes better. But it's also because the farmers market is a different social experience from the supermarket. When researchers followed shoppers around the Stop and Shop, they found it an arid experience: Visit the stations of the cross around the store, emerge with the same collection of stuff as last week, maybe discuss that eternal question "credit or debit" with the cashier. That was it. But when they watched shoppers at the farmers market, they found that on average they had 10 times more conversations per visit. Not 10 percent more, 10 times more.
The funny part, of course, is that we tell ourselves we've invented some chic new thing, when the farmers market is how everyone got their food till 80 years ago, and how 80 percent of the world still does. Of course we like it—we've evolved to.
And of course we like college. Sometimes it's a pain in the butt to have noisy parties down the hall or an obnoxious roommate. But the sheer pleasure of always having someone to talk to, play with, hang out with—that's straight joy. The irony, of course, is that colleges devote themselves to helping us make enough money that we'll never live that way again.
Bill McKibben, scholar in residence at Middlebury College, is a journalist, environmentalist, and author of 13 books, including Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet (Times Books, 2010).


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Sue Harmsworth is this year's Women in Wellness Industry Icon.
Discover the winners of the 2017 Women in Wellness Awards. We are announcing this year's industry icon, innovator, mentor, visionary, and rising star. Find out more about the winners below and check out our digital issue, which has more about the finalists and a list of the nominees.
The Industry Icon award honors a long-time spa leader, at the spa or manufacturer level, who saw the potential of our industry and has influenced its growth and success.
This award honors an inventor, formulator, or out-of-the-box thinker who has introduced a new method, technology, or product.
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The visionary inspires others with original ideas and a strong vision for the future of our industry as well as offers effective strategies to help achieve those goals.
Rising Star Winner: Siai Faataui-Morales, licensed esthetician; CEO, Matalasi Skincare and Makeup.
The Rising Star is a newcomer to the industry. She is making an impact with her passionate and exciting ideas.


I am currently working with a 1D/2D coupled hydraulic model of a river in Infoworks ICM. My model includes the sewer network (combined and storm systems), the river that runs through the city and its surroundings, and the urban ground surface for which a 2D mesh was built with LiDAR data. These three systems are coupled and flows from a system to another are taken into account.
My aim is to estimate the velocities and the water depths on the ground surface during a severe flood that caused significant damage in the urban area (up to 2 meters of water depth).
During 1D/2D coupled simulations of the storm, I noticed that not enough water is present on the 2D zone compared to some measurements, because many of the manholes that are flooded and that release flood water on the ground surface are located outside of the 2D mesh, where LiDAR data is missing. I would therefore like to take that flood water and put it back in the 2D zone to observe the velocities and depths, using only 1D links and nodes.
The last option, using overland conduits to represent roads as channels for the flood water, seems to be the most promising. I however have issues regarding the discharge of the overland conduit to the 2D mesh.
I tried using Oufall 2D nodes to release the water into the 2D mesh but only in some very rare cases I was able to see water on the 2D zone, despite the fact that the ground level and the flood level of the Oufall 2D node are the same as the mesh element ground level in which it is located.
I checked that the cumulative DS volume of the conduit is the same as the flow volume into the 2D zone of the outfall 2D node.
I would really like to know why some outfall 2D nodes do not discharge any water on the surface. I saw in the log result file that some flows from nodes to 2D mesh were limited. Do you think it might cause that problem ?
If you have alternative methods to put that excess flood water into the 2D mesh, I would like to hear it too.
I'm a little concerned by the suggestion that the 2D Point sources option doesn't work, I see no reason why it shouldn't.
Also, based on your description, I see no reason why the 2D Outfalls shouldn't pass flow to the 2D domain.
How are you assessing the flow on the 2D surface?
It might be easiest to send your model to support@innovyze.com.
Thanks for the quick reply. First, I want to mention that I don't assess flows quantitatively for now, but rather qualitatively. Assessing flow more accurately will come after I calibrate the 2D zone parameters (roughness, mesh element and triangle size etc). Given the number of runs I have been doing these last days, I could not spend too much time building complex result analysis objects, and a simple visual check was necessary.
To check if the nodes pass flows to the 2D surface I first use Themes for Velocities and Depths on the GeoPlan Window for the simulation, while making sure that even small depths and velocities are visible. Then, I check the maximum depth and maximum speed of the elements around the nodes that are supposed to pass flow. In many cases I could not see any velocity nor depth on the surface, and maximum depth and maximum speed in surrounding elements were zero.
I have been trying again using 2D Outfalls and today it worked, as I increased the minimum size of the elements of the mesh around the nodes!
It appears that too small mesh elements prevent any water from discharging from a node and running on the 2D mesh.
I had the same issue with a storage node that was clearely supposed to spill water on the 2D mesh. I am trying with larger mesh elements and I will see if it solves this problem too.
OK, it would be good to get a copy of your model with the 2D Point sources which don't convey flow onto the 2D mesh to investigate further.
The 2D outfalls will have the amount of flow limited if the mesh element is small, I would imagine this is what you are seeing. Hence the larger mesh element conveying more flow.
With regards the storage nodes, these won't automatically spill onto the 2D mesh, unless you have some sort of connection, for instance an inline bank.
Only manholes with a 2D flood type (2D, Gully 2D and Inlet 2D) and 2D Outfalls will interact with the 2D mesh.
too small mesh elements prevent any water from discharging from a node and running on the 2D mesh.
That's my experience too. Use a number of mesh zones to vary the mesh size sensibly.
In concept what you're trying to do (use 1D links to transfer the flood flows onto the 2D mesh) should work, but it might be easier in the long run to extend the 2D domain to include all your flooding nodes. At the moment you have to assume where the flow is going to go and how fast its going to get there, which kind of defeats the object of 2D modelling.
The mesh element size seems to matter a lot regarding the flow limiting mechanism. It appears that it also affects 2D manholes discharging to the mesh.
For the storage node, I implemented inline banks and it worked. Now my retention basin can discharge to the 2D mesh.
About sending a copy of the model, I will have to check with the project manager first. I am not sure I am allowed to do that.
I would really like to extend the 2D zone, unfortunately the span of LiDAR data I have is limited (and getting more LiDAR coverage is costly and time consuming) and I have already extended the 2D zone to the maximum. The manholes that flood are much further than the border of the LiDAR covered area.
The second constraint is the simulation running time. It already takes two hours to run, though it is not optimized. My client will want the model to run as fast as possible. Thus the simpler, the better. Some manholes don't flood that much thus using a mesh over a big area just for these nodes increases the calculation time without improving much the interpretation of the simulation results.
Actually, using overland conduits has shown good results. I can now see water discharging from these conduits (which represent the roads carrying the flood water from manholes upstream to the ground surface).
I however still have doubts about the ability of the model to exchange water between 2D manholes and the 2D zone. The log report of the simulation shows "Warning 1053: One or more nodes had their flow limited from the 2d zone; see node results grid for more details." Looking at the node results window, I only found the duration of flow limiting but not the amount of flood water that could not reach the 2D zone, which is critical information.
I am a bit concerned by that since I only used nodes of type "Manhole" and of flood type "2D" and since the help file mentions that only Inlet 2D nodes can have their flow limited. "When modelling 2D inlets, flow capping will be applied to limit exchange between the 2D and 1D network in situations where inflow at the node would exceed volume contained in the 2D element at any given timestep. This may occur if the 2D element that the inlet node is located within is too small."
I will try increasing the element size and see if it gets better.