text:
Some Manitoba Women Who Did First Things
by Lillian Beynon Thomas
MHS Transactions, Series 3, No. 4, 1947-48
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In preparing a paper on Manitoba women who left some mark on their time, I was confronted with such an abundance of material I realized I must choose a small segment and keep within the bounds I set myself. So I decided to write only of women who are dead and who during their life in Manitoba did something that had never been done here before.
This paper, however, makes no claim to being a complete record, but is merely an account of some women who did First Things.
Men are the adventurers. Women follow them or accompany them to strange lands because of their love for them. So it was in Rupert's Land. The first white woman followed her lover from the Orkney Islands. She dressed as a man and took service with the Hudson's Bay Company. For a long time her sex was not discovered, but for some reason she never caught up with her lover.
This made her terribly unhappy, and a man by the name of John Scart, who thought she was a boy, befriended her. They lived in the same hut. When Scart returned at night he frequently found his companion crying. He thought the boy was homesick and excused him when he did very little work. Later they were sent down to Brandon House on the Assiniboine River.
It was there one evening, when Scart returned from having a drink with the chief factor that he discovered his boy companion was a woman.
Scart said he must tell the chief factor at once, but the girl fell on her knees and begged him to keep her secret. Finally her importunities overcame his scruples and he promised that he would not tell anyone.
Donald Murray, who knew John Scart well, says he lived with the girl as they had lived before, and it was much later that she lost her honour. However that may be, she and Scart were separated when she was sent to Pembina to cook for a man called Mad McKay. It was when there she discovered her condition. She went to Alexander Henry's trading post at the mouth of the Pembina River.
In his journal Henry records, without giving the girl's name, that she gave birth to a fine boy. This evidently caused much astonishment to most people in the country who had never suspected the sex of "the boy." No further mention is made of her except that the next summer she returned to Scotland with her baby.
This will be regarded by many as merely a sordid account of a reckless girl. But some day, someone with imagination and a strong pen, will make this story the basis of a romantic novel, a story that will no doubt give us a truer picture of those early days than we have yet had. It will certainly be a story of a great love and great courage.
Mrs. A. G. B. Bannatyne
Historians, writing of the early days in the Red River settlement, gave small place to women. When they are mentioned it is usually in connection with something that was considered a womanly occupation, such as teaching in a ladies' school or leading in the dance at a ball. There were apparently no villains. Two women did, however, become somewhat involved in the political struggle at the time of the Red River Revolt. In fact, it was Mrs. A. G. B. Bannatyne who struck the first blow in the struggle for representative government at Red River, although she was striking it for quite another reason.
An old lady, over eighty, who was born here, told me that she remembered hearing, by word of mouth, about the articles written by Mair, a young surveyor from Canada. They appeared in the Toronto Globe. The young man had accepted, and apparently enjoyed, the hospitality of the women of Red River, but this did not deter him from describing them as crude, dirty and homely. No doubt he felt that the Red River was so far from civilization no one there would see what he had written.
My informant said that Mair and his companion, Snow, were in the habit of going into Bannatyne's store. Unfortunately for them, Mrs. Bannatyne had read the article. When the surveyors appeared she turned to the clerk and, pointing to the wall on which hung the harness, she said, "Dick, hand me that horse whip."
Dick handed her the whip, which she was able to use efficiently, and she let the young men feel her wrath, first around their shoulders and then around their legs. They ran from the store. Some historians say they had to hide from the wrath of the citizens. However that may be, Mrs. Bannatyne struck the first blow in the struggle that was completely to change the Red River settlement.
Mrs. John Sutherland (Janet MacBeth)
Mrs. John Sutherland, mother of John Hugh Sutherland, who was shot by the young Metis, Parisien, is mentioned by all the early historians as being one of a deputation of Selkirk settlers who came to beg Riel and his supporters to free the citizens they had imprisoned in Fort Garry.
Hill, in his history of Manitoba, mentions Mrs. Sutherland, who entreated Riel by the blood of her own son to spare Major Boulton's life. Riel finally agreed to postpone the executions. So Mrs. Sutherland was on at least two deputations and was not a silent member.
Mrs. William Kennedy
A very outstanding woman in those early days was Mrs. William Kennedy, wife of Captain Kennedy, who was the son of an officer of the Hudson's Bay Company. The captain decided to become a missionary and went to England for a holiday before taking up his new work. There he met the girl who became his wife.
Mrs. Kennedy was well educated, gifted artistically and socially, and attractive in appearance. She was a woman who would have made her mark in any society, and in the simple and rather crude setting at Red River, she was like an orchid in a bunch of wild roses. She taught music at Miss Davis' school for girls. She played the organ in St. Andrew's Church. She trained the choir and led the singing. When arrangements were being made to entertain Lord and Lady Dufferin, Mrs. Kennedy knew the right way to do things, and to her was given the honor of going in to lunch on the arm of Lord Dufferin.
But it is not for any of these things that I am including Mrs. Kennedy in my list. It is because, when her husband became an invalid and she needed money, she went into business. She kept a store, selling ladies' and children's wear, and there is no evidence that she considered trade beneath her. She imported dresses, hats, gloves and ribbons, as well as children's wear from London and later even from Paris. I believe that the women in the Red River settlement felt that when they were able to buy what they wanted from Mrs. Kennedy, they knew they had the very latest fashion.
Most of you will remember Mary Kennedy, only daughter of Mrs. Kennedy. I did not know her at all well, but I remember her as a dignified woman with some gifts. But always she appeared to be struggling against a handicap. It seemed that the brilliance of her mother, lingered even long after her death, to dim the less outstanding gifts of her daughter.
In this brief summary I am including two women who never lived in the Red River settlement. I am including them because their influence on the West illustrates how small the world was even in those days, when there were no roads, no means of travel except by the rivers and lakes and the trails of the buffalo and the deer. I am referring to Florence Nightingale and Lady Dufferin.
Florence Nightingale fell in love with her cousin, John Smithurst. Her family was shocked and she was sent to the continent to recover from her foolishness. However, she did not recover and neither did John, but they were persuaded that it would be sinful for them to marry.
Florence had been reading about foreign missions, and had become greatly interested in the Indians. She persuaded John to study to be a missionary to the Indians, while she would study to be a nurse. They both hoped that by service to others they would heal the wounds in their own hearts. John Smith, first came as a missionary to the Red River settlement, and in the records of the Indian missions he gave a good, if not spectacular account of himself. To Florence Nightingale we are indebted for his presence here.
Lady Dufferin
Lord and Lady Dufferin came to visit the West in 1877. Lady Dufferin in her letters to her mother, published much later, gave a more intimate picture of conditions in Red River than anyone else. She was so human and natural that when you have read her diary you know the people and the place as well or better than you would had you been there. Her account is of great value.
Describing the prairie, she said, "It is covered with long grasses and wild flowers and is flat as the sea. It has a peculiar smell and there is a delightful air upon it, and one begins to feel the freedom of the savage raising one's spirit."
She was particularly impressed by our sudden thunder showers. She wrote: "I never saw such a climate. One may be wet through on the finest day."
She had a rare sense of humor. She tells of going to St. Boniface to see a rifle match. She had to open the match by firing the first shot. She wrote, "I fired a shot which was off the target but which was marked a bull's eye, and the match began."
As a rule she was most kindly in her comments about their entertainment, but on one occasion when they had to attend a concert she wrote, "The concert was classical, and its great merit was the shortness of it."
Lady Dufferin's attitude toward her own sex may be judged from the following description of her little daughter, Nellie. She wrote, "Nellie was very anxious to get Colonel Littleton to tell her the Freemason secrets. Failing, Nellie said with a hopeful sigh, 'Well, I daresay when women get their rights we shall know them:'"
Writing about the servant problem, one night when they were camping out, she said, "My maid was ill. To her everything was very horrid. Camp bed too hard, tin cups nasty. She touched things with the tips of her fingers and made a face at everything she tasted." Lady Dufferin said she made four beds and plucked a duck for dinner, herself, and she seemed proud of it.
We need another Lady Dufferin to encourage tourist traffic. She stirred in me a desire to see more of our own province when she wrote of that trip and said: "The Winnipeg surpasses all rivers I have ever seen, being so much more beautiful than the other rivers and lakes I have been to."
Lady Dufferin describes going to St. Boniface to drive a spike in the Pembina branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the first railway in this part of the world. The chief engineer, a Mr. Whitehead, who had been a stoker on the first line of railway in England, had gone to try and get the engine to St. Boniface for the Dufferins to start it. He had failed in that, but Lady Dufferin noted that he was going to open the first line in the Northwest.
Lady Dufferin had a quality that was greatly admired in a wife at that time, and no doubt still is. She had a wonderful admiration for her husband's speeches and made lengthy quotations from them in her letters to her mother. One is of special interest to us, where in his farewell speech, Lord Dufferin, who had a fine vocabulary, tried to give an idea of the size of the Dominion of Canada.
According to his wife, he said: "It was here that Canada, emerging from her woods and forests, first gazed upon the rolling prairies and unexplored Northwest, and learned as by an unexpected revelation that her historical territories of the Canadas, her eastern seaboards of New Brunswick, Labrador and Nova Scotia, her Laurentian lakes and valleys, corn lands and pastures, though themselves more extensive than half a dozen European kingdoms, were but the vestibules and antechambers to that to then undreamed of Dominion, whose illimitable dimensions alike confound the arithmetic of the surveyor and the verification of the explorer."
There was considerably more of it, but this gives an idea of Lady Dufferin's quotations. When she did not quote, she over and over assured her mother that her husband's speeches had been well received.
To show the delightful humanness of this woman, a couple of quotations may be given from her letter about sailing away up the Red River. "There is a cinnamon bear on board, a tame pig which answers to the name of Dick, and a dog. The bear sometimes hugs the pig and the dog rushes to the rescue. Someone tied a bun to the pig's tail today, which the bear seized. But while he was leisurely arranging himself to enjoy it, the pig seized it and ate it up."
They arrived at Fisher's Landing in the night, but Lady Dufferin wrote, "We went ashore and saw the engine, No.2 of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It is going to Winnipeg with a train of railway truck and it is to be called the "Lady Dufferin."
Manitoba was organized as a province of the Dominion of Canada. Winnipeg became the capital and life at the Forks changed completely. There were steel natural barriers to be overcome, but immigrants were beginning to arrive in great numbers, and the social problems soon overshadowed everything else for women of vision.
Mrs. Lara Bjarnason
Among the immigrants were a large number of Icelanders. These people were capable, adaptable and self-reliant. Instead of asking for help to get a foothold in such new surroundings, they at once began to organize to help each other.
Mrs. Lara Bjarnason, a very capable and public spirited Icelandic woman, with her husband, Dr. Jon Bjarnason, founder of the First Lutheran Church in Winnipeg, did a most remarkable work among her own countrymen.
As well as the usual duties of the wife of a minister, Mrs. Bjarnason taught music. She compiled a volume of music for community singing. Her home was practically a university for newcomers to the country. She and her husband taught both public and high school subjects, but above and beyond that, Mrs. Bjarnason had to be included here because she taught newcomers how to adapt themselves to the new conditions they had to face.
We have all been very proud of the success of the Icelanders in Canada, and a study of the life of Lara Bjarnason unfolds the secret of that success. While she wished her people to retain the culture they had, she taught that it was not to make them a people apart. It was to be added to the culture of the country to which they had come in order that, from the mingling of all, something new and finer would evolve.
Mrs. Bjarnason had no children, but she adopted and raised three. She died in 1921.
Goudrin Johanasson
A woman to whom our Icelandic citizens like to give credit is Goudrin Johanasson. She wrote short stories in Icelandic that were published both in Iceland and in Manitoba. She used Manitoba settings for many of her stories, but in them she has kept alive many traditions of her race. This gifted woman also lectured on the ancient history and early culture of Iceland.
Olina Earlendson
When you talk to the Icelanders about their outstanding women, so many lusty pioneers, each strong and creative in her own field, come to mind, that it is difficult to choose, so I will name only one more, Olina Earlendson, who lived in the Arborg district.
Mrs. Earlendson was well informed on all public questions. She could speak on almost any subject without notice. She was in great demand, and when possible she went where she was needed.
The roads, however, were bad. Walking was the only means of transportation to many places. Undaunted, Mrs. Earlendson walked. It was said of her that she always carried an extra pair of stockings, knowing she would need them. She was the first woman orator of her race in Manitoba.
Dr. Charlotte Ross
Dr. Charlotte Whitehead Ross was the first practising woman doctor in Manitoba. Dr. Ross was born in Darlington, England, on July 15th, 1842. It seems to banish distance when you recall that a few pages back, Lady Dufferin mentioned Joseph Whitehead as the engineer who would bring the first engine and train of cars to Manitoba. He had also been the stoker on the first train in England, and he was the father of Dr. Charlotte Ross.
Mr. Whitehead brought his family to Quebec. Charlotte studied at a convent, and at that convent she was taught singing by Madam Albani's father. She did not become noted as a singer, but she did lead the singing in the Sunday school and church where she and her husband became devoted workers.
At eighteen Charlotte Whitehead married David Ross, a young Scotsman, who was engaged in building railroads and lumbering with her father. David Ross was much away from home and often in surroundings where no doctors were available, and where there were many accidents.
Records differ as to why Charlotte Ross studied medicine, such a revolutionary thing for a woman, and a married woman and a mother, to do at that time. But study medicine she did, although she had to go to the United States for her degree, because Canadian medical colleges would not accept women.
It took Charlotte Ross ten years to complete her course. This was not because she was dull, but because she was raising her family, having more children and taking care of the sick and needy who claimed her help. When she finally graduated, she practised as the first woman doctor in Montreal. She was quite a success.
To both Charlotte and her husband living was more important than either money or a career. They wanted a settled home where they could be together with their family. So David finally established a lumber mill at Whitemouth, in Manitoba. He built a log house and brought his family out.
Charlotte thought she would not practise medicine, but the very day she arrived some men brought in a companion who was very ill. David told them a doctor had arrived and she would look after him. When they saw a woman doctor, they were more afraid of her than of the sickness. With David's help, however, their fears were held in abeyance, and when the man recovered, his faith in Dr. Charlotte was boundless. It is said that all during her life in White' mouth, when her husband was away, that man was right there, to do what a friend and neighbor could, in case of need.
In 1883, when there was all the excitement about the boundary between Manitoba and Ontario, Dr. Ross applied to the Manitoba legislature for a permit to practise medicine in Manitoba, instead of applying to the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and her request was granted. It may have been that the legislators feared there was going to be great need for doctors and they wished to be ready.
As an example of the heroic nature of Dr. Ross's life, one incident gives an idea of the pattern. Her own wee son of four years took mortally ill. Dr. Ross knew her skill could not save him. No other doctor was available. As his few remaining hours were wearing away, word came that a woman who was expecting a child needed her badly.
Big women make big decisions. Dr. Charlotte Ross left her dying child and went to bring another child into the world. I was relieved to read that she returned to be with her own child when he died. That was in March. In May she bore another child herself.
Transportation in those days from Whitemouth was by locomotive, by hand, car, by canoe, by a wagon or sleigh drawn by horses or oxen, or by walking. Dr. Ross was never daunted by any of the hazards of pioneer life. She believed in finding away , or making it. I mentioned that Mrs. Earlendsen, in the Arborg district, carried an extra pair of stockings. It was said of Charlotte Ross that she carried a shovel.
None of Dr. Ross's children wished to be doctors, but one of her daughters married a man by the same name, and her daughter, Edith Ross, became a doctor. When Edith graduated from Manitoba Medical College in 1913, she won the O'Donnell gold medal in obstetrics, a great triumph for a woman student at that time.
Her grandmother, Dr. Charlotte Ross, was very proud of her and wrote her a letter exhorting her to carry on the fine tradition of her profession. Dr. Charlotte died in 1916, aged seventy-four years.
From the Manitoba Medical Association Bulletin, in 1928, I have copied the following tribute to Dr. Charlotte Ross: "If, as some say, the family physician is of the ships that are passing, then let us bow our heads in respect to a noble, self, sacrificing physician, who held it her highest honor that she was a general practitioner, and if it be true that only pioneer conditions can develop such characters, then has civilization lost factors it may well regret."
Dr. Amelia Yeomans
Another outstanding woman in Manitoba was Dr. Amelia Yeomans. Dr. Yeomans was born in Quebec in the same year as Dr. Ross, 1842. At eighteen she married Augustus A. Yeomans of Belleville, Ont. After his death she studied medicine and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1883.
Dr. Yeomans came to Winnipeg, passed the examinations of the Medical Board, and was appointed a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. She practised in Winnipeg for sixteen years, specializing in diseases of women and children.
It is not, however, as a medical doctor that Dr. Yeomans has gained admission to my First Women. It is as an orator, as the founder of the first women's equal suffrage organization, and as a temperance worker, that she is to be remembered.
Dr. Yeomans had the gift of leadership. Among her admirers was Miss, later Dr., E. Cora Hind, who forever damped the enthusiasm of the workers in the Political Equality League of Manitoba, the organization of later date, by comparing it most unfavorably with that first brilliant group of women. To Miss Hind the Political Equality League, which secured for Manitoba women the suffrage first of all provinces in Canada, was but a pale, anemic shadow of that first society. Who knows? Perhaps those women laid a foundation to which we of the League owed our success.
At any rate, a woman who could inspire the loyalty that Dr. Yeomans did, had a tremendous power. She died in Calgary in 1913.
Margaret Scott was a First Woman and, so far as I have heard, there has been no second to her. She was born in 1856 in Colborne, Ont. Her father was judge of the county court and her mother came of Loyalist stock. With such a background one might have expected of her a brilliant career along well, worn trails. Margaret had a brilliant career, but she made the trail herself.
In the story of Margaret Scott an influence may be traced throughout her life, from her early school days to the very end, when Winnipeg was to gain tremendously, not only from what she did but from what she stood for. This is one life to which a whole evening could be devoted, a life about which a book should be written. I cannot in these few minutes do justice to Margaret Scott. But I will give a few highlights.
While at school in Campbellford, she became friends with an orphan girl who had lived for some years m the famous Muller Home for Children, in Bristol, England. It was maintained for many years on a very large scale, depending entirely on intercessory prayer for the necessary funds. Margaret was deeply impressed by this fact, but that it was going to influence her life in any marked degree, she had no idea.
She fell in love and married a prominent lawyer and politician. He died in 1881. Margaret was still only twenty-five.
Through friends she secured a position with the Midland Railway, in Peterborough. Later she was transferred to Montreal, to a very much more responsible position. Here her health failed, no doubt because she had great gifts she was not using.
In 1886 Margaret Scott came to Winnipeg. She entered office work and was said to be the most expert stenographer of her time in Winnipeg. But that work did not satisfy her. Among her friends was Ernest Taylor, a bank manager, who must have had some idea of the spiritual quality of the young woman. He advised her to go and see Rev. C. C. Owen of Holy Trinity Church, who was doing remarkable relief work.
Margaret went and offered to help with office work. She was gladly accepted as a helper after her usual day's work, and for some time handled the correspondence. But, as time went on, Margaret's mind was busy. Memories of her friend from the Muller Home came back to her. She said to herself that, if God could answer prayers in Bristol, surely he could answer them in Winnipeg. It was one thing, however, to have such thoughts, another to step out on faith.
Margaret had the faith. She took a small room in the Coffee House that was being run at that time. She refused to take any salary. She cast herself without reserve on the Lord, and so far as the record reveals, He never failed her.
Margaret Scott never sought money, or publicity, or endeavored to expand her work. She had put her hand on a growing need, and strength was given her to follow through.
In reading of the life of Margaret Scott, I was greatly impressed by her sound common sense accompanied by so much idealism. It seemed that no sooner had she seen a need and pointed it out than the city or the government was ready to provide for it. Such was a nurse to work for the city, for which the Council paid; a worker among the immigrants, for which the Federal Government paid; a child's hygiene department, which was taken over by the School Board; a wood yard, which was taken over by the city. So it went.
In 1904 the Margaret Scott Nursing Mission was formed, focussing and crowning her work for many years. In 1931 Margaret Scott died and was buried in St. John's Cemetery. She has been called Saint Margaret of Winnipeg, or by some, the Florence Nightingale of Manitoba.
Annie Bond
In the Children's Hospital in Winnipeg, there is a recently unveiled plaque on which you may read: "Annie A. Bond, 1854 to 1943, Founder of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg. A tribute to her inspiring leadership, by the Board and Guilds of the Hospital. She is the true citizen, who claims as her first right, the privilege of helping others."
My first memory of Mrs. Bond was derived from one afternoon I was strolling down Portage Avenue many years ago, when you could stroll down that street without being shoved around. I was window shopping, and quickened my steps as I passed many empty stores whose windows looked out at me like dead eyes.
In one of those there was a faint sign of life. It was an invitation to go in and have a cup of tea in aid of a Children 's Hospital. I forget the exact wording, but that was the idea. I went in. There was a table, some kitchen chairs and some few dishes. It was a bare, unattractive place, or at least it would have been unattractive if a middle-aged woman, with a warm smile, had not been there.
There were no signs of the Royal Red Cross awarded to her, of the Egyptian medals and the Victoria medal. She had served as a nurse in Zululand when experiments had been made as to how near a nurse could be sent to a battle zone. She had been in South Africa and in New Zealand-she had been right in the centre of some of the biggest events of her time, and played no mean part.
But here she was, in an empty store on Portage Avenue, looking like any ordinary housewife, trying to earn a few cents by serving tea and sandwiches and cookies, for a hospital for other people's babies. As she prepared me a cup of tea, she told me how much a hospital was needed.
As I look back to that day, I know I was not much interested in the needs of the babies, but I was interested in the woman who was making tea for me. Memory brings back a kind of cheapness that I felt in letting her serve me. So does a great personality reach out of any environment and leave a lasting impression.
Mrs. Bond, like Margaret Scott, had a great faith. She said of the work she was promoting, "The work is bigger than we are. It will go on." That was her invariable answer in times of doubt and discouragement.
Annie A. Bond has been honored by her sister nurses, by the doctors, by the army, by the church and by her country, her adopted country. It is a very satisfying thought that her last hours were spent in the institution she had founded, surrounded by all the love and care that was humanly possible.
Mrs. A. D. MacKay
It was not only in Winnipeg that women were trying to improve conditions of living. Women's Institutes were organized in the rural districts, and women organized their own groups in the farmers' movement. Leading women who come at once to my mind are Mrs. Wood of Oakville, Mrs. Watt of Birtle, and Mrs. Dayton of Virden. A whole evening should be devoted to the work that has been done by such women. However, before leaving this section I must give some time to Mrs. A. D. MacKay, who left her impress on both the country and the city in a very definite way. Mrs. MacKay was born in Nova Scotia and came to Neepawa, Manitoba, as a bride. She had to change trains ten times and then arrived at a few shacks in thirty-five below zero weather. But she had a husband and a shack, and she made a home! Her public work began at the time of the Saskatchewan Rebellion. She was in Portage la Prairie, and while she saw the Red Coats marching, she also saw the squaws and the papooses peeking from the pouches on the backs of their mothers. To her came the thought that these first Canadians had a claim on the later comers, and she talked it over with her friends. As a result, a day school for Indians was opened, the school which now flourishes as an Indian Residential School.
In 1893 Mr. MacKay was moved to Winnipeg. Mrs. MacKay at once felt around her the swirl of new life in a province just beginning to feel the power in its veins. It is interesting that Mrs. MacKay felt the same need as Mrs. Bjarnason had felt, a need for someone to help the strangers coming in to learn the ways of a new country. She felt that a centre should be opened for them to which they could go for advice and help.
It was the little one-roomed mission she was instrumental in establishing that grew into the Robertson Memorial Institute.
"Why do you bother about these people?" a citizen asked when she appealed for aid.
Her reply was, "If we do not reckon with these people, in a few years they will reckon with us."
Mrs. MacKay served for many years on the board of the Free Kindergarten, the Y.W.C.A., and she served on all her church activities. She died at the fine old age of eighty-four, a splendid Manitoban.
Madame Narcisse Marion
In this paper I would like to honor the women who made the first homes in the West. Their contribution was so important they should not be over-looked, but we find very little about them in the records we have. I am, however, going to mention one woman who was typical of many in her generous hospitality, and her home was frequently mentioned by early historians. I am referring to Madame Narcisse Marion.
The Marion home was in St. Boniface. It seemed that most newcomers arriving there soon turned up at the home of Narcisse Marion. Among them was Rev. John Black, the first Presbyterian minister in the Red River settlement. Forty years the Selkirk Settlers had prayed for a minister of their own faith, and when he arrived he was not expected. Madame Marion entertained him until he was rested and refreshed. Mr. Marion then took him to his new home.
A very good description of the kind of home Madame Marion kept is given by J. W. Radiger, Head Clerk of the Hudson's Bay Company. He wrote: "In a beautiful setting of trees, water and wild flowers I reached a spot where a peaceful and cosy home was standing. I knocked at the front door and was welcomed by a brown-eyed maiden wearing a dainty merino dress and a spotless white pinafore. With a winning smile and an inviting courtesy she introduced me to a tall, strong and healthy gentleman, the real type of a Canadian from old Quebec. After a few inquiries I was invited to have dinner with the family. There was the father, M. Narcisse Marion, the mother, a tall, stately woman, and their three daughters, Josephine, Elise and Rosalie. A young maid by the name of Maggie waited on table.
"A strict etiquette was displayed in the preparation and the serving of the food-the latter done to perfection. I was amused by the fact that the head of the family was not quite familiar with the English language, and this made me realize how perfectly the young ladies spoke it.
"I did appreciate their respectful and delicate manners when necessary errors in speech had to be corrected, to make the meaning clear.
"On leaving I expressed my surprise, my thanks and admiration to those I now number among my best friends in the West. Really I could not have found in my own country more refined or better educated people than those I have met here today."
One can imagine the influence of such a home, and honour the women who kept up such a standard.
Later on, in 1899, the women of St. Boniface organized Les dames patroness des oeuvres de charite de St.-Boniface. This organization served need in any form and provided an opportunity for many women to do first things for the poor . Among the women who have passed on but who are remembered for their outstanding work for others are: Madame S. A. D. Bertrande, Madame Longpre, Madame Jean Guilbault, Madame Lambert, Madame Alfred Leveque, Madame E. Cyr, Madame Prud'homme, Madame Prendergast, Madame Adjutor Lemieux, Madame Miles McDermot, Madame T. A. Bernier, Madame George Couture and Madame Roger Marion. This list merely gives a few of the outstanding women who began social service work in St. Boniface.
Madame R. E. Painchaud
Another outstanding woman, who is remembered with affection because of her untiring work in the Cercle Ste.-Elizabeth, is Madame R. E. Painchaud, who has been called "the mother of the poor."
Jane Hample
Coming down to more modern times, a woman who must have a place in this paper is Mrs. Jane Hample. It was in the home of Mrs. Hample that the Political Equality League of Manitoba was organized. Mrs. Hample stood back of that organization like a rock, in its moments of discouragement. Her home was always open for meetings. Her purse was always open for anything that might help the cause of women. We owed Mrs. Hample more than we were ever able to express.
I am glad to be able to say that Mrs. Hample was elected the first woman member of the Winnipeg School Board, and she did a job of which we had reason to be proud.
My paper falls naturally into three sections. My first section I call the romantic period, which ended with Lady Dufferin. My second section is the realistic period, which ends here with this very inadequate account of the social activities of our early days.
I have reached the time when Manitoba was overcoming the problems of climate and transportation. We were facing the problems raised by living together, but that leaves another need that we have not yet touch, the need of our minds.
Elizabeth Parker
Back of most things in a democracy is a story, but our history is largely an uninteresting account of what happened, with the story left out. In the following account of a column in the Free Press newspaper, called "A Reader's Notes" and signed, The Bookman, the story is the thing.
Mrs. H. J. Parker was born in Nova Scotia in 1856. She came with her husband to Winnipeg and brought a well stored mind and a great love for good literature. Words were a delight to her, and when she heard that a young woman was going to give an evening's entertainment reading Browning, she resolved to be there. That young woman was Miss Edna Sutherland.
Mrs. Parker was thrilled and inspired. Winnipeg was certainly looking up culturally when such a talented young woman would choose it as her home. But next morning, when Mrs. Parker read a colourless and uninspired account of that evening in the press, she was indignant, and when Mrs. Parker was indignant she did more than talk about it.
Mrs. Parker put on her coat and bonnet and went to the newspaper office. She demanded to see the editor.
Mr. Dafoe listened to her and, without any argument, told her to write an article that suited her and, if he liked it, he would publish it.
Mrs. Parker wrote the article. It was published and Mr. Dafoe asked for more articles. So "A Reader's Notes" and "The Bookman" were born. For thirty-six years Mrs. Parker kept up her column. Publishers and authors were soon delighted to have her mention their books and articles, because they had to be worth while to find a place in "A Reader's Notes."
Mrs. Parker had correspondents in all parts of the world. Many men and women, well known in the literary world, wrote to her. To have a talk with her was as stimulating as visiting a great publishing centre. She knew, not only the serious works, but the literary gossip, the little human touches that brought that whole world to life.
Mrs. Parker was not one-sided. She was interested in every phase of life, especially as it was being lived in her own city and province. When she was unable to go far afield, she took a great interest in her garden, in the trees and shrubs and flowers and birds and insects. Life never lost its savor, and when her hearing became dulled she said, with a laugh, that she had doubtless heard enough anyway.
A brave, courageous, gifted woman, Winnipeg is richer because she lived.
Mrs. Harriet Walker
For years there was a little sheet called Town Topics, published every Saturday. To many of us the most interesting part was the dramatic section, reviews and comments on plays and players. It was written by Hattie Walker, Mrs. C. P. Walker.
Mrs. Walker had been on the stage for many years in light opera, until her voice failed, but her interest in the drama never grew less. All who heard it will remember with pleasure her production of The Chimes of Normandy and also many other plays. She was always eager to help local groups in selecting and producing plays. No group, no individual, was too insignificant to get her very best.
Mrs. Walker assisted her husband, C. P. Walker, who had built the Walker Theatre and was bringing many of the world's outstanding actors and actresses to Winnipeg. That was the golden age of the theatre in Winnipeg, although we did not know it.
But as the years passed, down in a small theatre on Main Street was a squeaky box called a flicker and later a movie. We laughed at this thing that was grotesque to look at and terrible to have to listen to, and we continued to dress in our evening clothes and go to the Walker Theatre.
Before long it was evident something was the matter. That squeaky box was losing its squeak and the pictures were improving. People in increasing numbers were going to the movies. Mr. and Mrs. Walker bravely would not yield. Their dream could not bow before that miserable mechanical contraption. It was a fad. It would pass. But it did not pass. It blew the heart right out of the Walker Theatre.
The Walkers went down fighting, but they have left many memories of gay nights in the Walker Theatre. Sometimes yet when I go there, I imagine I see Mrs. Walker sitting well up to the left, where she generally sat and back of and beyond all that is going on around me I hear the tinkle of The Chimes of Normandy.
Cora Hind
Any list of women who did First Things in Manitoba would be incomplete without the name of Dr. E. Cora Hind. But Kenneth Haig has written her biography so recently in Brave Harvest, and it has been so widely read that it is not necessary for me to do more than refer you to that book for the intimate details of her life.
Ella Cora Hind was born in Ontario in 1861. She died in Winnipeg in 1942. Her death ended a newspaper career of forty-one years. Every newspaper in Canada carried the story. The London Times and the New York Times gave space to it. She was no longer just a Winnipeg woman or just a Canadian journalist. She had become a world figure because of her knowledge of wheat.
It was no accident that made E. Cora Hind the first woman typist in Winnipeg, the first woman agricultural editor, one of the first workers for the franchise for women. She was made of the stuff that was forever reaching out for new horizons.
As I near the end of my time and this paper, many other faces pass like rosy lights in memory. Their contribution cannot be mentioned, let alone measured. But who can measure goodness! Names that come readily to mind are Mrs. Edward Brown, Mrs. T. R. Deacon, Mrs. A. M. Campbell, Miss Winona Lightcap, Mrs. McQuillan, Mrs. Little, Mrs. Herbert Sellers, Mrs. Edith Rogers, Miss Eva Jones.
I may be accused of following in the tradition of the early historians and mentioning only the good that women have done. But we are still young-youth is so strong in our veins that we believe the good women do lives after them, and the evil is oft interred with their bones.
Page revised: 18 May 2013


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text:
Basquiat é um filme de drama biográfico americano de 1996 dirigido e co-escrito por Julian Schnabel em sua estréia na direção de longas-metragens. O filme é baseado na vida do artista pós - moderno / neo expressionista americano Jean-Michel Basquiat, nascido no Brooklyn, que usou suas raízes de grafite como base para criar pinturas sobre tela em estilo de colagem.

Jeffrey Wright interpreta Basquiat, e David Bowie interpreta o amigo e mentor de Basquiat, Andy Warhol. Membros do elenco adicionais incluem Gary Oldman como Schnabel, Michael Wincott como o poeta e crítico de arte Rene Ricard, Dennis Hopper como Bruno Bischofberger, Parker Posey como proprietária da galeria Mary Boone, Christopher Walken como o jornalista vilão e Claire Forlani, Courtney Love, Tatum O'Neal e Benicio del Toro em papéis coadjuvantes.

Enredo
O filme é um relato levemente ficcional da vida de Basquiat. Inicialmente, um artista vivendo em uma caixa de papelão no Tompkins Square Park, ele subiu os degraus do mundo da arte de Nova York nos anos 80, graças em parte à sua associação com Andy Warhol (David Bowie), o negociante de arte Bruno Bischofberger (Dennis Hopper), o poeta e crítico René Ricard (Michael Wincott) e o colega artista Albert Milo (Gary Oldman).

Juntamente com o desenvolvimento de sua carreira artística, o filme também segue o tumultuado relacionamento de Basquiat com Gina (Claire Forlani), uma aspirante a artista que ele conhece enquanto trabalha como garçonete em um restaurante que frequenta com seu amigo Benny (Benicio del Toro). O romance deles é afetado pelo caso de Basquiat com a chamada "Big Pink" (Courtney Love), uma mulher que ele pega na rua e de seu abuso habitual de heroína. Eventualmente, Basquiat se vê isolado por sua fama, a morte de Warhol e seu uso de drogas. O filme termina com um cartão de título informando que Jean-Michel Basquiat morreu de overdose de heroína em 12 de agosto de 1988, aos 27 anos de idade.

Elenco

 Jeffrey Wright as Jean-Michel Basquiat
 David Bowie as Andy Warhol
 Benicio del Toro as Benny Dalmau
 Dennis Hopper as Bruno Bischofberger
 Gary Oldman as Albert Milo
 Michael Wincott as René Ricard
 Claire Forlani as Gina Cardinale
 Parker Posey as Mary Boone
 Elina Löwensohn as Annina Nosei
 Paul Bartel as Henry Geldzahler
 Tatum O'Neal as Cynthia Kruger
 Christopher Walken as The Interviewer
 Willem Dafoe as the Electrician
 Sam Rockwell as Thug

Produção

Roteiro
O filme tem um roteiro de Schnabel e história de John Bowe, Michael Holman (um ex-membro do grupo de rock teatral The Tubes, conheceu Basquiat em 1979 e juntos naquele ano eles fundaram um grupo experimental / industrial / eletrônico chamado Gray) e Lech Majewski.

A arte de Schnabel no cinema
Como diretor, Schnabel se inseriu no filme adicionando o personagem fictício Albert Milo (Gary Oldman), com quem ele se baseou. Schnabel também acrescentou aparições de sua mãe, pai e filha (como a família de Milo). O próprio Schnabel apareceu como um garçom.

Basquiat foi o primeiro longa-metragem comercial sobre um pintor feito por um pintor. Schnabel disse:  Basquiat morreu em 1988 por toxicidade de drogas mistas (ele estava combinando cocaína e heroína, conhecido como " speedballing"). As obras de Basquiat não tiveram permissão para ser usado no filme. Schnabel e seu assistente de estúdio Greg Bogin criaram pinturas no estilo de Basquiat para o filme.

Elenco
Depois que o filme foi lançado, Jeffrey Wright disse que "acho que meu desempenho foi apropriado, literalmente, e a maneira como foi editado foi apropriada da mesma maneira que sua história [de Basquiat] foi apropriada e que ele foi apropriado quando ele estava vivo. [. . . ] Julian o fez parecer muito dócil e vítima demais, passivo demais e não tão perigoso quanto ele realmente era. É sobre conter Basquiat. É sobre engrandecer-se através da memória de Basquiat".

Comparando o retrato de Warhol de Bowie com outros que retrataram Warhol antes, Paul Morrissey (que dirigiu muitos filmes que Warhol produziu) disse que "Bowie era o melhor de longe. Você se afasta de Basquiat, pensando que Andy era cômico e divertido, não um pedaço de merda falso e pretensioso, que é como os outros o mostram". Ele também observou que "Bowie pelo menos conhecia Andy. Eles foram às mesmas festas". Bowie conseguiu emprestar a peruca, óculos e jaqueta de Warhol no Museu Warhol, em Pittsburgh, para o filme. O escritor Bob Colacello, que editou a revista Interview de Warhol nos anos 70 e início dos anos 80, disse que " [Crispin] Glover era o mais parecido com o [Andy de verdade] Andy, [Jared] Harris era o mais parecido com Andy, e Bowie era o mais parecido com Andy. Quando vi Bowie pela primeira vez no set, foi como se Andy tivesse ressuscitado".

Em 2018, o músico e ator Lenny Kravitz revelou em uma entrevista à V Magazine que ele havia sido solicitado pelo diretor Julian Schnabel para desempenhar o papel de Basquiat. Kravitz disse: "Olho para trás e sou como, uau, eu provavelmente deveria ter feito isso".

Recepção critica
O filme recebeu críticas positivas dos críticos. Na revisão agregador site Rotten Tomatoes, o filme tem uma classificação de 70% com base em 27 avaliações, com uma classificação média de 6,8 / 10. O Metacritic reporta uma classificação de 65 em 100 com base em 20 críticos, indicando "revisões geralmente favoráveis".

Música
As seguintes músicas estão em ordem de aparição no filme.
 "Fairytale of New York" – The Pogues
 "Public Image" – Public Image Ltd.
 "Girlfriend" – The Modern Lovers
 "Suicide Mode" – Nicholas Marion Taylor
 "Suicide Hotline Mode" – Nicholas Marion Taylor
 "I'm Not in Love" – Toadies
 "Lust for Life" – Iggy Pop
 "The Nearness of You" – Keith Richards
 "Waiting on a Friend" – The Rolling Stones
 "Pixote Theme" – Electro Band
 "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" – Them
 "You Can't Be Funky (If You Haven't Got Soul)" – Bush Tetras
 "Flamenco Sketches" – Miles Davis
 "Ko-Ko" – Charlie Parker
 "White Lines" – Melle Mel (as GrandMaster Flash Melle Mel)
 "Beast of Burden" – The Rolling Stones
 "Rise" – Tripping Daisy
 "Is That All There Is?" – Peggy Lee
 "Paris Je T'aime (Paris, Stay the Same)" – David McDermott
 "April in Paris" – Charlie Parker
 "Who Are You This Time" – Tom Waits
 "India" – The Psychedelic Furs
 "D'amor sull'ali rosee" (Il trovatore, Act 4 Sc. 1) – Renata Tebaldi
 "Tom Traubert's Blues (Four Sheets to the Wind in Copenhagen)" – Tom Waits
 "A Small Plot of Land" – David Bowie
 Symphony No. 3, Opus 36 (Symphony of Sorrowful Songs) – Henryk Górecki (London Sinfonietta)
 "Summer in Siam" – The Pogues
 "She Is Dancing" – Brian Kelly
 "Hallelujah" – John Cale
 "This Is the Last Song I'll Ever Sing" – Gavin Friday

Romances inter-raciais em filmes
Filmes gravados em Nova Iorque
Filmes ambientados na década de 1980
Filmes ambientados em Nova Iorque
Filmes ambientados em Manhattan
Filmes dirigidos por Julian Schnabel
Filmes com trilha sonora de John Cale
Cinebiografias de pintores
Filmes com temática LGBT dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama biográfico dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em língua espanhola
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes dos Estados Unidos
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1996

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.JavaUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ListSinkDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.api.OperatorType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.serdeConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;

/**
 * For fetch task with operator tree, row read from FetchOperator is processed via operator tree
 * and finally arrives to this operator.
 */
public class ListSinkOperator extends Operator<ListSinkDesc> {

  public static final String OUTPUT_FORMATTER = "output.formatter";
  public static final String OUTPUT_PROTOCOL = "output.protocol";

  private transient List res;
  private transient FetchFormatter fetcher;
  private transient int numRows;

  @Override
  protected void initializeOp(Configuration hconf) throws HiveException {
    try {
      fetcher = initializeFetcher(hconf);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
    super.initializeOp(hconf);
  }

  private FetchFormatter initializeFetcher(Configuration conf) throws Exception {
    String formatterName = conf.get(OUTPUT_FORMATTER);
    FetchFormatter fetcher;
    if (formatterName != null && !formatterName.isEmpty()) {
      Class<? extends FetchFormatter> fetcherClass = Class.forName(formatterName, true,
          Utilities.getSessionSpecifiedClassLoader()).asSubclass(FetchFormatter.class);
      fetcher = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(fetcherClass, null);
    } else {
      fetcher = new DefaultFetchFormatter();
    }

    // selectively used by fetch formatter
    Properties props = new Properties();
    props.put(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_FORMAT, "" + Utilities.tabCode);
    props.put(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_NULL_FORMAT, getConf().getSerializationNullFormat());

    fetcher.initialize(conf, props);
    return fetcher;
  }

  public void reset(List res) {
    this.res = res;
    this.numRows = 0;
  }

  public int getNumRows() {
    return numRows;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public void processOp(Object row, int tag) throws HiveException {
    try {
      res.add(fetcher.convert(row, inputObjInspectors[0]));
      numRows++;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
  }

  public OperatorType getType() {
    return OperatorType.FORWARD;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Your search is over, this top floor duplex has a spacious bedroom with ample closets, and can easily accommodate a queen size bed, with room to space, second room can be used as a bedroom, or an excellent bright office, and has door that leads to your 15x15 decked terrace. Great for entertaining guests, enjoying summer's BBQ, or hey how about relaxing with a good book or music and enjoying the colorful sunsets ... all from the comfort of your own place?? The kitchen is equipped with a dishwasher and has a breakfast nook, adjacent is your living room and the your bedrooms are upstairs offering a quiet and peaceful nights sleep. OH and the icing on the cake is that its pet friendly. Steps to Prospect Park and all your major shopping on Prospect Park West, 7th avenue and 5th avenue. Just a sweet space and affordable. Tenants are in place, so showing times and days are limited, call quickly as this will rent in a heartbeat.


text:
William A Newman
THE MEDIUM
BLOOD AND GUTS
HAVE FAITH IN MAGIC
NEW PAINTINGS (1990)
CRACKED 2000
OUROBOUROS
BLUE DREAMS
LADY SARAH
FETAL POSITIONING
by Kriston Capps
More than three decades ago, painter Bill Newman lost an odd keepsake. One of his students is helping to recover it.
Ben Tolman has a small but distinguished curio collection. Piled on shelves in his art studio at O and North Capitol Streets NW are bones of various sizes and origins—mostly animal, some human. A centipede framed under glass hangs near a door, as does a scarab, its exposed wings pinned with needles. A skull stares from a side table. It's not quite the Palace of Wonders, but the place isn't lacking for odd objects.
The piece he most covets for his collection, though, is tantalizingly out of reach. It's buried, and with any luck it's still completely intact, even after roughly three decades underground. Tolman's looking for a preserved human fetus—and he has a map showing where in Southeast to dig.
"I went up there with a friend of mine, shovel in the truck and everything, ready to go," says Tolman, 27, describing his first venture out to find the X on the map, in early 2006. "So we get to the building, and we're looking at the map, and it just doesn't match up. We can't figure out what door that is, what window to go from."
Tolman set out on his quest after he overheard a story about the fetus told by painter Bill Newman, who received it, preserved in a jar, when he was a student. Newman is now entering his 36th year of teaching at the Corcoran College of Art & Design, where Tolman received an undergraduate degree in 2005.
"That was in my sophomore or junior year at the Corcoran," says Tolman, explaining when he first heard Newman mention the fetus. "It was just one of the stories he would tell. He told it to me in passing, but it caught my attention. I came up to him later, maybe the next year, and said, 'Bill, let's find this.'"
Newman was receptive to the idea: He was affectionate enough toward the fetus that he gave it a name, Peter. "It was something I liked and respected," he says.
Peter was a gift to Newman from his wife, Darlene, who would eventually take it from him. "She worked at Washington Hospital Center," he says. "I don't know how else she could have gotten it." It's not known how his then wife acquired the object. (The two split in 1974; she declined to comment for this story.) But the presentation suggested something archival, something that was cared for.
"It was actually in a professional little jar, with formaldehyde," Newman explains. "The reason I thought it might still be there [is] because it was so professionally sealed, like an object at a museum. Like something you would see in the Smithsonian."
Newman says he received the fetus "about 37 or 38 years ago," when he was an undergraduate student at the Maryland Institute College of Art. For "three or four or five years," he says, it held a place of pride on his desk. The memento mori was the sort of object an artist might keep to use in vanitas paintings—still-lifes of skulls or corpses symbolizing mortality. The fetus eventually made its way into the artist's work. "I actually have a drawing that looks just exactly like Peter," says Newman. "The paintings were different—I was so upset when he was gone, I distorted his image in the paintings." The Katzen Arts Center at American University displayed one of his fetus paintings in early 2006.
His then wife's opinion of the object soured significantly over time, Newman says, even as his own affection for it grew.
"I was living in Southeast, in Naylor Gardens," he says. "One day I came home, it wasn't there, [and] I got all freaked out. My wife came in and saw that I was upset. 'Where's Peter, where's Peter?' She said she had buried him and wouldn't tell me where it was."
Newman was despondent, he recalls. "You don't know how desperate I was," he confesses. "This little creature in this jar had fingernails and everything. It was little, I became attached. Maybe that's why she took it away—she thought I was too attached."
Tolman reinvigorated Newman's decades-long hope to see Peter again. "He was one of my favorite students," says Newman. "He's a great artist, and we're good friends." Both artists have new work currently on display in "Drift," a show that opened in June as part of the 2007 Art Walk on 10th Street near H Street NW. But Tolman didn't merely inspire Newman—he also offered a physical proxy. Newman has multiple sclerosis and has used a wheelchair since 2000, so someone else would have to do the digging. With Tolman's encouragement and offer of labor, Newman decided to brave a family divide in hopes of finding a map to Peter's undisclosed location.
Newman began relaying messages to his ex-wife through their daughter, Jessica. Those efforts produced a map supposedly detailing Peter's location. But Tolman couldn't make heads or tails of the crudely detailed drawing.
"Thirty-five years later, your memory is not going to be that good," Tolman says. "So I took some photos, sent those to Bill to get him to show them to her to pinpoint the location. I think she might be a little reluctant."
"At this point, there's no way I can do anything except through my daughter," Newman says. "I think [Darlene] was trying to make my daughter feel better to make me feel better. I can't tell whether she drew the map in honesty or to make us feel better. I got all excited, and Ben got excited." (Newman's daughter also declined to comment for this story.)
For Tolman, an object like a fetus wouldn't be a mere trophy. The Dupont Circle resident works primarily in ink, making large-scale drawings that are notable for their meticulous detail. A Hieronymus Bosch freak, Tolman creates Bristol-board panels covered in imagery that reflects psychedelia, pop art, and medieval religious art. He favors the symbolism of stern German artists like Albrecht Dürer. Demons and monsters make frequent appearances in Tolman's works, as does the human figure: He recently sold an ink drawing to filmmaker Darren Aronofsky that prominently featured a fetus. The drawing is freehand, but he says that he would love to work with the aid of a real model.
"I'm very interested in anatomy," Tolman says, expressing particular enthusiasm for Gunther von Hagens' touring "Body Worlds" exhibit, which shows the musculature of human bodies stripped of their skin. "It's phenomenal. They have everything from the different stages of life. Every different layer of the anatomy. It's such a different experience, seeing it in person from looking at it in books."
Tolman resists the notion that his interest in finding the fetus is cold-blooded. "It's not like a macabre thing," he says. "I don't know exactly the way to frame it. A lot of people think it's a creepy or dark thing, but I don't see it in those terms at all. It's just natural."
If he does find it, he'd be torn about whether to hang onto it or return it to its previous owner. "I would definitely try to keep it," Tolman says. "But Bill's my teacher. Obviously, it's his. I feel obligated to return it to him. But I would definitely try to convince him to let me keep it."
"I actually wanted Ben to be the one to get it," says Newman. "I've got enough stuff. My place is like a zoo." Having recognized for decades that he might never see Peter again, Newman has already accepted letting him go.
"I really love Peter, but I think Ben would be the one to take care of him for the duration. He would pay tribute to him the way I did, by making art about him."
Peter and the Chute, 1969, oil on cotton, 20" x 24"
Many more paintings to come.
Copyright © 2018 William A Newman - All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I pulled out the last of the Brussels sprouts without brussels. I'd been watching them, waiting. I asked the farmer when I saw them getting cabbage worms.
"Should I spray?" I didn't want to spray. I wanted to be organic. Spraying would make me no better than the chemical companies I was trying to avoid.
Proactive. Not reactive. It's a philosophy that works well in life, not just on Brassica. Epic fail in failing to thinking ahead and being too holier than thou to spray.
Still, the things grew and grew. Bean stalks perhaps? I left them. No brussels appeared.
"Google, when should these brussel?" I searched. Nobody told me what to do when my Brussels sprouts didn't brussel. There was no support group, no help. I asked my friend the garden guru.
"Pull them out," she said. I obeyed. It was a sad moment. I'd invested a lot of time, space, and love into these barren stalks.
Pulling them out wasn't easy, but it was the right thing to do. There wasn't one sprout I could eat as a consolation prize. If you haven't seen Brussels sprout plants, they're huge. Quite an investment in garden space. It's probably why I let them go so long.
When investing in something that's going sour, the temptation is to let it go another day to see what happens. It's no different from being a gambling addict…everyone's always hanging on to win the jackpot…the casino knows most people will play one more game tomorrow. I was playing with Brussels sprouts, but the endorphins are the same. Spinning the roulette wheel one more time. I came up short and the table cleared. No return forthcoming.
I ripped up the Brussels sprouts and took out the browning cornstalks for good measure. They'd produced two-inch twisted baby corn, then met their maker. I bundled them up and converted them into a "decoration," next to a pot of unbloomed mums. They looked sad. The mums turned completely away, protesting, refusing to open until deformed corn was removed.
Lesson learned. Sometimes things don't produce. Things that don't produce have to go.
The moral of my stories is generally the opposite. I discuss education. I talk about student success…flowers blossoming in their own time… Not today. Sometimes it's best to realize things aren't going to come to fruition. A policy won't change, a student won't be interested in graduation despite my very best efforts, or a collaboration won't work out.
At some point, it's time to change direction. Waiting for things that won't happen is not useful. I could have done something far more productive with garden resources. Nature doesn't force a bloom. Nature also corrects for things that don't work out. It's not a bad thing–everything ends up doing what it's supposed to in its own time. But that doesn't mean I should sit around and wait.
I pulled the eggplant with no blossoms, and took out the dried beans.
"Even Jesus wiped out a fig tree that didn't bear fruit," I thought.
The sprouts and corn are gone. Finally. Should've done that months ago. I could have been eating a great fall crop of broccoli or lettuce right about rather than waiting for stuff that I sensed would never come to pass.
Could this be a life lesson? Something useful for the classroom, too?
Maybe I should let students make their own path without judgment or not go crazy at work trying to solve all the problems of the universe. Who knows. Today, I'm just ripping out the veggies.
I'll let skilled philosophers figure out the rest.
This entry was posted in gardening, teaching, Uncategorized and tagged Brussel, brusselsprouts, corn, crop failure, crop pests, fig tree, free will, Google, Jesus, motivation, Olive oil, Roulette, teaching, Thanksgiving by cafecasey. Bookmark the permalink.
awesome analogy! I am sure you will find a way to use this in the classroom.
Sometimes our kiddos just don't fit into our strange time tables. Why must you be five on or before September 1st??? Is there some kind of weird Voodoo magic attached to that date? And if you fail to master third grade curriculum in the 180 days we provide, why must you repeat the entire shabang? Perhaps your Brussels would have Brusselled had they been given remedial small group instruction in brusselling. Try that next time.


At Artworks we're always investigating new materials and thinking about how we can use them to best effect. This isn't about novelty for novelty's sake though – a new material has to be capable of fulfilling the job and delivering for our clients.
One example is autex, an acoustic material that looks like felt and is very prominent in the market at the moment, due to its ability to control noise. We've developed a new method of cutting the material, which gives us a lot more control over it and widens its range of potential applications.
This came in very handy when we were asked to help fit out ThreeMobile's offices in Reading, together with Bristol-based Wylde interiors. Previously we'd worked on their premises in Maidenhead, but this was a new job and a fresh, bespoke approach was required.
The offices are spread over three floors, with an open-plan arrangement, so acoustics and noise damping were important considerations. We were looking to both break the area up into more enclosed spaces, and also dampen the noise.
We provided acoustic walls with intubated graphics, along with hanging waffles and other products, which were well suited to the working environment.
Dr. Martens boots were first sold on these shores in 1960, and over the years since the brand has become well-established in the UK, building a reputation for quality while also becoming closely associated with an edgy, urban, musical, trend-setting customer base.
We were well aware of the company's heritage and core brand values when we helped to re-fit their new UK office headquarters in Camden, a fitting location for the company in one of London's trendiest boroughs, just up the road from their store in Camden market.
The job was highly sought after, so we were delighted to be awarded the work following a competitive tender and pitch process. We developed our ideas together with the design company and Dr Martens themselves, exploring ways to illustrate and reinforce the company's core values.
As anybody who grew up at any point in the last fifty or so years can appreciate, there was no shortage of material to draw on. We were given access to Dr. Martens' extensive image catalogue, featuring many iconic musicians wearing the world famous boots and shoes.
This was used to create bespoke digital wallcoverings which tied in with themed rooms throughout the building, named after the many different musical genres that have become associated with Dr. Martens, including ska, punk rock and techno.
We're a sociable bunch here at Artworks, and we love the opportunity to meet new people, talk about our products and keep our finger on the industry pulse. Last month Artworks exhibited its AcousticArt range of products at Design Fields during Clerkenwell Design Week, joining over 200 other exhibitors in central London.
It was a great opportunity for us to both meet some fantastic new people from the world of design and also renew relationships with old friends. Alongside learning about new developments and ideas in the industry, we were also keen to tell our own story and showcase the products and services that Artworks offers.
As a provider of bespoke solutions, we wanted to showcase our ability to work with a wide range of materials in the built environment. The stand this year focused on material with acoustic properties, and included products from Autex, Novawall and Ecophon, manufacturers who share our commitment to technical innovation and excellence.


It's all well and good to go to the gym and train, but how do you know if your workout is actually working? If you've been training for a while and your results have plateaued, or never changed at all, it's time to figure out whether it's your food plan or your training plan that's dampening your results. So let's take a look at your training plan, and go through the signs that your exercise program just isn't what it should be.
It should be a given that when starting new training program, or making some big switch-ups in your current training program that you'll be a little sore. Your fast-twitch muscle fibres (the ones that you're going to be using for any rigorous activity like sprints, weight lifting, boxing, etc) take time to recover, and while they're repairing you may have a little pain that comes along with it, the more your body gets used to a training program, the less post-workout soreness you'll have. If you're not feeling any soreness at all 1-2 days after your workouts, then you are probably not actually training as hard as you could (and should) be. A training program should be designed to push you a little to ensure that you're getting fitter, stronger, or closer to your physical goal.
As you make your way through your training program over a few months, the amount of weight you are lifting, and/or the number of reps you are doing should change to ensure that there is progression in your workout. For example, the Get Lean training program has a section dedicated to teaching you progress your reps and weights in a way that is safe and sustainable. If you're not changing what you're doing, you're not moving forward.
Are you doing the workouts correctly? Poor form can lead to poor results, and injury. For example, squatting one way will build your quads, but squatting with slightly different form will focus more on your hamstrings and glutes. Little changes can make a world of difference to your time in the gym. And if you're not focused on how to do an exercise correctly, or you have no recovery routine (stretch/foam roll/physio/chiro/etc) a common sign is regular injury. If your recovery routine has no need for adjustment, then it's time to start looking at your form during your workouts.
Over-training is also a thing! If your training program is poorly designed (e.g. rest days vs training days, or even the order of your training days) you may begin to get fatigued. This can also happen if you take on too much, too soon. If you're new to training you should build up your resistance, starting with 2-3 days a week, and over the course of 6 months work your way up to 4-5 days a week. At first it may seem exciting and new, and you might want to exercise every day to get results faster, but it will all come crashing down like a pile of bricks if you're unable to keep up with the schedule for a prolonged period of time. Slow it down, and figure out a training program that not only suits your lifestyle, but also your fitness level.
Having a good 'ol chat at the gym with your buddy and not feeling out of breath once? Maybe it's time to step it up a notch. You'll know you've had a good workout when you're sweating, and when it's hard to talk afterwards. It's usually a little easier to get a word in during your breaks if you're doing weight lifting sets, but if you're doing cardio you'll know you're working hard enough when you just don't want anybody to speak to you in the fear that you cannot speak back.
The problem that I see with a lot of people following YouTube demonstration videos as their only workouts (don't get me wrong, this is a good way to start) is that the exercises don't change. The same thing with those who do the same kind of workout every day. If your workout is not changing then you are not changing. As you become fitter, lighter, stronger or gain muscle (whatever you're working towards) your program needs to be adapted to make sure that you can keep going further.
You're not noticing any changes, and in fact you might even be going backwards from where you started! Not every training program is designed the same. Some programs focus more on weight loss, some on muscle and weight gain, some on just general fitness. Make sure that you have a fitness program that's designed for your body and your goals, not just a generic one-size-fits-all.
If you've worked hard during the day you should feel it at night. Now, naturally some people are slightly more nocturnal than others, but if you're able to get a good workout in during your day, you will start to feel tired earlier at night than your usual bed-time hour.
During your workout you should actually be able to feel that you're training hard enough, sometimes you might even feel a little bit sick from the lactic acid build up. If your heart rate isn't high enough, you will never feel this. During exercise you should be between 50% and 85% of your maximum heart rate (maximum hear rate is 220 - your age). Example: 25 year old heart rate zone during exercise: 97 bpm - 165 bpm. To record your heart rate, either measure your pulse for 10 seconds and multiply by 6, or invest in a heart rate monitor that will accurately monitor your heart rate throughout your entire workout.
If you're having no problems completing all the reps listed for your in your workout, then you have a problem (your workout is too easy)! You should be starting to struggle with your reps toward the last 2-3, particularly on the last few sets of your workout.
If you've gone through this list and it seems like your workout might actually be difficult enough for you, but you're still not getting the results you're after if may be time to look at the other factors: food, alcohol, and the rest of your lifestyle.
If, on the other hand, you've decided your workout is too easy for you, make sure you check out our Get Lean Guides here. They're dictated by your body type, are 6 month training programs, and are designed to progress with you.
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People will tell you that Venice is best seen from the water.
Bobbing your way through the city in a little wooden boat, powered by one man and his stick. They're not wrong, it is a lovely way to see some of what Venice has to offer. It's something everyone should try once in their lives, just try not to lose an eye to a waving selfie stick as you pass by the rest of the world with the same idea!
But once you've indulged in one gondola trip, I think you'll find it quite enough for one lifetime.
From then on, Venice is best explored on foot.
The boats certainly add to the scenery and magic of the place.
As does the wafting operatic singing of some of the gondoliers as they pass beneath the marble bridges.
There are just so many land-locked churches, galleries, museums and pretty piazzas that you'd miss if you didn't venture away from the canals.
A never ending series of jaw dropping alleys, squares and corners to discover.
Just be sure to wear something you're comfortable enough in to do it all justice!
For an authentic lunch, stay clear of the busy tourist packed streets and 5* hotels on the main canal.
Just a little off the beaten track you'll find Ristorante Al Covo.
A delightfully rustic little restaurant in a deserted courtyard, with an ever-changing seasonal menu that's sure to hit the spot.
I started with beautifully crisp courgette flowers, stuffed with ricotta and mint.
While looking on enviously as my husband devoured a shoal of raw red shrimp.
Followed by steaming plates of pasta.
And dessert in one of those tourist streets I said you should avoid.
I can resist all things except temptation.
And in an effort to expose Bump to as many food types and potential allergens as possible, I thought it only my duty to sample all of Venice's pistachio gelato.
A selfless exercise, you understand.
Melting faster than I could lap it up, we strolled back down to the edge of the lagoon.
For a little more of that irresistible Venetian architecture.
And some prime people watching.
Before setting sail into the lagoon and heading back to the hotel.
Drinking in the sights along the way.


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Product Location: Once you arrange your product, ensure that you put an indication over each class of your product. Sign makes individuals feel easier to search out things they need, and you can too use it to observe their behavior. If there isn't a relaxation zone, then folks will simply go out and you won't get a brand new customer. Most stores use a circular path to the appropriate to get clients to walk via to the again of the store and are available to the entrance once more. Keep in mind that if you need to use the path to guide them somewhere, it is higher if you set an attention-grabbing and attention-grabbing show at the tip of the path so the customers shall be drawn to it.
To do this, put the merchandise you want customer to deal with at eye stage. Don't simply put your merchandise randomly as a result of lack of house or motivation, but take your time to assemble your merchandise and see which product goes nicely along with which. See what merchandise they like greatest and what products promote the least. For example, there are 2 shops that sell handphones. By displaying the best merchandise in entrance of your shop, when potential customers come and see it, they will have the next likelihood of coming into your store as a result of now they know that you just promote the merchandise they want. Speaking from expertise, the way you arrange and present your Display product must be able to tell a narrative and convey a message to your potential clients.
By doing this accurately, then the potential customer might be extra interested by your shop in comparison with different outlets that sold the identical sort of merchandise. The more products you may expose to them, the extra possibilities they'll buy one of them. Sometimes, when they look around from their spot, they will see something they like, and they're going to go there and browse round. One of them permit buyer to try it on the spot with safety measures, the opposite forbid the customer to try the product and they'll solely see it. You too can separate your products using elevation so you can also make buyer focus on which product you want them to buy. Now, the problem is how one can decide which product to display. To make your buyer flick through as a lot of your product as potential, one of the best strategy to do it's to design a path within the Interior Design of your shop.
The easiest solution to keep away from that is by performing some product and decoration administration for our merchandise. Touch: The sense of contact is a very important factor when you are doing Interior Design. The very first thing it is best to remember if you determined to make a path in your Interior Design: Do it Counter Clockwise. By making a path around the shop, you will even be able to regulate the client circulate. When an element of downlight is added to the uplight, buyers will understand the ambiance as brighter and extra comfy. Based on our experience, customers are likely to pay extra attention to the products caught in their eyesight than the products above or under their eyesight. Well-thought-out and well-placed lighting will attract attention to your retailer's shows and merchandise, show off your merchandise, and even make them extra enticing than they really are. But be careful, supplying too much light could have unfavorable results.
From there they may subconsciously judge whether this store is value getting into or not. To make our shop look good, we now have to maintain the interior of our store clear and tidy. Interior design for retail and shop business is an infinite process. Every particular person has their own likes and dislikes, so there isn't any template for interior design of those sorts. Sound: There are multiple ways to affect this sense. Taste: This sense is usually utilized in Consumables Department. In a group, not everybody needs to buy the identical things. Adjust Lighting: Listen to the lighting. Therefore, to be able to manage all your products to satisfying degree, you want to concentrate to any element. Smell: Believe it or not, there's a complete science to what's referred to as "scent advertising", with several studies and real-world case studies of worldwide brands like Samsung, Sony, and Verizon applies it to their benefit.
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WOM/1116
14th Meeting (AM)
WOMEN'S COMMISSION URGES GOVERNMENTS TO TAKE MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN WOMEN'S
ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE TO BETTER PROTECT THEM FROM HIV INFECTION
Text on Rights of Palestinian Women Approved by Vote of 33-1-4
The Commission on the Status of Women this morning urged governments to take all necessary measures to strengthen women's economic independence and to protect and promote their human rights and fundamental freedoms in order to allow them to better protect themselves from HIV infection. It took that action by one of five draft texts approved this morning.
By a vote of 33 in favour to 1 against (United States), with 4 abstentions, (Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Norway and Uganda), the Commission approved a resolution on Palestinian women, to be submitted to the Economic and Social Council for adoption. (See Annex for details of the vote.) Statements in explanation of vote were made by the representatives of Cuba, Israel, Philippines, United States, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Norway, Russian Federation, and Yemen.
By that terms of that text, the Council would stress its support for the Middle East peace process and the need for speedy and full implementation of the agreements already reached between the parties. It would also demand that Israel comply fully with the provisions and principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments in order to protect the rights of the Palestinian women and their families.
The Commission then took up the draft resolution on Palestinian women (document E/CN.6/1999/L.9), which it would recommend to the Economic and Social Council for adoption.
Under its provisions, the Council would stress its support for the Middle East peace process and the need for speedy and full implementation of the agreements already reached between the parties. It would demand that Israel, the occupying Power, comply fully with the provisions and principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the regulations annexed to The Hague Convention of 1907 and the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949, in order to protect the rights of the Palestinian women and their families. It would call upon Israel to facilitate the return of all refugees and displaced Palestinian women and children to their homes and properties in the occupied Palestinian territory, in compliance with relevant United Nations resolutions.
Also by the text, Member States, financial organizations of the United Nations system, non-governmental organizations and other relevant institutions would be urged to intensify their efforts to provide financial and technical assistance to Palestinian women for the creation of projects responding to their needs, especially during the transitional period. It would also request the Commission to continue to monitor and take action with regard to the implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, in particular paragraph 260 concerning Palestinian women and children, and the Beijing Platform for Action.
The draft text is sponsored by Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Guyana (on behalf of the "Group of 77" developing countries and China), Norway and Uganda.
PATRICIA FLOR (Germany), the Commission Chairperson, said a recorded vote had been requested on the draft resolution.
Speaking before the vote, the representative of Israel said today's proposed resolution was entirely one-sided and politicized to the point that it damaged the credibility of the Commission as an instrument for promoting women's rights. Most notably, the draft unjustly singled out his country and sought to drag the Commission into the trenches of an irrelevant political attack. Moreover, the text was an attack that had already been launched in other forums, with no effort made to adapt or tailor the contents in any way. Preambular paragraph 5 in its entirety, was lifted from preambular paragraph 12 of a separate General Assembly resolution (A/RES/ES-190-6). Operative paragraph 2 was also lifted entirely from operative paragraph 5 of the same Assembly resolution.
By politically co-opting the Commission, he went on to say, the present resolution abandoned the stance of the Beijing Platform for Action which had wisely refrained from mentioning regional conflicts and had instead focused on the gender-related issues with which the Commission was meant to be concerned. Moreover, the political position that the resolution forced on the Commission was one-sided and misleading. That, unfortunately called for setting the record straight.
First, he continued, Israel did not suspend the Wye River Agreement. On the contrary, in the first phase of the Agreement, after the Palestinians fulfilled certain obligations, Israel did its part, redeploying from 491.4 square kilometres of West Bank territory. Now it was once again, the Palestinians' turn to fulfil certain key obligations of the second phase, including a long overdue work plan against terrorism, before Israel was obligated to even begin its own implementation. The Oslo accords had also forbidden the use of outside forums to get involved in the peace process.
He said today's initiative served no purpose but to hamper the cooperation that could lead to real peace and co-existence on the ground. That was why Israel urged the Commission and its members to vote against the resolution.
The representative of Cuba wanted to know why the text was going to a vote since it was a consensus resolution.
The CHAIRPERSON said a recorded vote had been requested by the United States.
The draft text was approved by a vote of 33 in favour to 1 against (United States), with 4 abstentions (Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Norway, Uganda). (For details of the vote, see Annex.)
Speaking after the vote, the representative of the United States said her country's support for the rights of women certainly extended to the occupied territories. Unfortunately, parts of the text -- including some provisions which did not even directly relate to the issue of the status of women -- were unacceptable because they addressed the status of issues that the Israelis and Palestinians themselves had agreed would be the subject of direct negotiations in the Middle East peace process. The language of the
text was one-sided and would not advance the status or well-being of Palestinian women, the intended beneficiaries of the resolution.
The representative of Lebanon said he wished to affirm his country's strong support for the struggle of Palestinian women in the face of Israeli occupation. Palestinian rights and the rights of Palestinian women would not be fully implemented unless Israeli occupation came to an end. He also wished to reject the claims made by Israel in its statement on the current resolution.
The representative of Syria said his delegation repeated its full support of the Palestinian people and the struggle of Palestinian women to exercise all their rights. Adoption of the resolution was proof of the international community's support of Palestinian women. His delegation would have liked the draft resolution to mention the peace process in its entirety as well as relevant resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly.
The representative of Iran said her delegation voted in favour of the draft, however, that affirmative vote should not be construed as a recognition of Israel by her country.
Representative of Norway said her county was concerned about the situation of the Palestinian people and Palestinian women. That concern was the basis for the continued support Norway has given to the Palestinian people. Her country also paid special attention to involve Palestinian women in the development process. It continued to be concerned with the lack of progress, but difficulties in the peace process should be solved by the parties themselves. The Commission was not the right forum for dealing with issues in the peace process.
The representative of the Russian Federation said the status of Palestinian women went along with the advancement of the Palestinian-Israeli peace process, and the observance by parties of earlier reached agreements and implementation of all assumed obligations.
The representative of Yemen said her delegation supported the rights of Palestinian women to self-determination and it supported their struggle.
Vote on Palestinian Women
The draft resolution on Palestinian Women (document E/CN.6/1999/L.9) was approved by a recorded vote of 34 in favour to 1 against with 4 abstentions, as follows:
In favour: Belgium, Chile, China, Cuba, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom.
Against: United States.
Abstain: Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Norway, Uganda.


text:
Ectobius sjoestedti är en kackerlacksart som först beskrevs av Robert Walter Campbell Shelford 1910.  Ectobius sjoestedti ingår i släktet Ectobius och familjen småkackerlackor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

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sjoestedti


text:
FPJ-Ed: Study shows parent's genes can influence a child's educational success
The researchers found that genetic nurture had about half as much impact on education success as genetic inheritance.
London: According to a recent study from the University College London, a child's scholastic achievement is determined by his parents' genes, both inherited and not inherited.
The findings were reported in the journal 'The American Journal of Human Genetics.' The study, which was funded by the Nuffield Foundation, found that genes that a person receives directly are more likely to contribute to their educational performance. But parent genes that aren't directly inherited, yet have still shaped parents' own education levels and subsequently influenced the lifestyle and family environment they provide for their children, are also important and can affect how well a person does at school and beyond.
Children are genetically similar to their parents due to both nature (the genes they receive) and nurture (the environment they grow up in). However, the impacts of nature and nurture are linked.
Mothers and fathers each pass on half of their genes to their children, and although the other half of their genes are not passed on, they continue to influence the parents' traits and ultimately influence the traits in their children. For example, parents with a higher genetic propensity for learning may have a greater interest in activities such as reading that, in turn, nurture learning in their offspring.
This concept -- when parents' genes influence outcomes for their offspring by shaping the environment that they provide for them -- is called genetic nurture. It describes how parents' genes indirectly their children's characteristics.
For the current paper, researchers reviewed and analysed 12 studies in several countries and used a method called polygenic scoring to study the influence of millions of genetic variants on educational attainment in nearly 40,000 parent and child pairs.
Genetic nurture effects captured by polygenic scores in the studies explained at least 1.28 per cent of the variance in educational outcomes, while direct genetic effects explained at least 2.89 per cent of the variance in educational outcomes.
The researchers said that the findings are underestimated given that polygenic scores only capture a fraction of heritability in educational outcomes; the actual genetic effects could be multiple times higher, but direct genetic effects would probably still be roughly double those of genetic nurture effects.
Lead researcher Dr Jean-Baptiste Pingault (UCL Psychology & Language Sciences) said, "We discovered genetic nurture has a significant effect on a child's educational achievement. The effects were mainly down to their parents' education and how it influences the environment they provide. We also found that fathers and mothers had similar genetic nurture effects, suggesting both parents are equally important in shaping and fostering an environment favourable for a child's learning."
"This study illustrates how complex the relationship between genes and the environment is. Although our study uses genetic methods, it provides strong evidence that, as well as genetics, the environment really matters when we talk about education," Pingault added.
"Two aspects are complementary here. First, some of it depends on the genetic lottery, so parents do not have complete control and not everything is down to what they do. That said, what parents do and their choices do seem to matter. Our findings show that socioeconomic status and parental education are probably key," Pingault continued.
"It is really important to understand how educational attainment (years of education, highest degree obtained) and achievement (scores and grades achieved) are passed on through families, and how this knowledge could help us break cycles of disadvantage across generations," Pingault explained.
The first author of the paper, Dr Biyao Wang (UCL Psychology & Language Sciences) said, "It is too early yet to say whether the most important is what happens within the family (such as parents reading to their children) or outside the family (such as parents choosing the best school and activities). Next, we hope to work out which pathways genetic nurture operates through, if it changes during different stages of development, and identify what aspects of the environment are most important. This will be key to designing new interventions to encourage and support all children to succeed."
The study was conducted by researchers at UCL, King's College London, and the Universities of Leicester, Bristol, and Oslo, and was supported by the Nuffield Foundation, Wellcome, Economic, and Social Research Council, and the Medical Research Council. (ANI)
FPJ-Ed: Hospitalisation of children impacts school, parent's work: Study


It really is like you're in a plane.
Jan Jordaan is a practicing attorney but in his spare time he is a bit of a local travel enthusiast, a perfect way to break away from the work stress. When Jan does travel, he always makes sure he has GoPro and drone with him.
Jan gathered 3 months of travel footage into one amazing collection, showing off parts of our country in a brand new and exciting way.
Check out the breathtaking visuals below and be sure to subscribe to Jan's YouTube video to see more of his travel adventures.