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2011-12 Legislative Highlights
Governor Walker's Corporate Profits Over People's Safety Bill
In one of his first efforts at governing, Governor Scott Walker proposed and the Legislature adopted significant changes to Wisconsin's civil justice system. The legislation is enbodied in 2011 Wisconsin Act 2. It was published on January 31 and went into effect on February 1, 2011.
The Wisconsin Association for Justice opposed this repressive legislation along with a number of other groups listed below.
Groups Opposed to Parts or All of 2011 Wisconsin Act 2
Wisconsin District Attorney's Association
Wisconsin Judicial Conference
AARP of Wisconsin
Coalition of Wisconsin Aging Groups
Wisconsin Alliance for Retired Americans
Disability Rights Wisconsin
Brain Injury Association of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Council on Children and Families
Wisconsin State AFL-CIO
Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Abuse
Wisconsin Farmers Union
State Bar of Wisconsin
Citizen Action of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Association for Justice
Before the public hearing on January 11, a press conference was held with some of groups as well as citizens who would be negatively impacted by the new law. WisconsinEye carried both the press conference and public hearing.
Here are some of the major provisions of the law.
Nursing Home Residents At Risk of Abuse
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 puts nursing home residents at risk of abuse in the following ways:
All nursing homes will be able to hide reports about neglect and abuse of patients and residents and can never be used in any civil or criminal case;
Statements made by employees to state investigators are kept secret and can never be used in a civil or criminal case;
A limit of $750,000 for pain, suffering, disability, grief, loss of dignity, shortened life, etc. and limit on a spouse's claim for loss of society and companionship caused by a nursing home's neglect and abuse.
Changes in Evidence Standards at Trial
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 adopts Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579, 125 L.Ed.2d 469, 113 S.Ct. 2786 (1993) for the admissibility of expert and lay witnesses.
A lay witness' testimony may not be based on scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge;
Expert's opinion must be limited to testimony that is based on sufficient facts or data, the product of reliable principles and methods, and application of reliable principles and methods to the case.
Prohibits expert testimony compensation dependent on the outcome of a case;
Underlying facts or data that are otherwise inadmissible may not be disclosed to the jury unless the court determines that their value in assisting the jury outweighs their prejudicial effect.
Punitive Damages Capped
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 caps punitive damages at 2 times compensatory damages or $200,000, whichever is greater. People under the influence of intoxicants are exempt from the cap.
Product Liability Changes to Protect Foreign Manufacturers
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 ends the consumer contemplation test for strict liability claims. It establishes new criteria to determine if a product manufacturer, distributor, or seller is liable to a person injured by the manufactured product based on a claim of strict liability, making it more difficult to hold a distributor or seller accountable for a dangerous or defective product. It includes several new defenses and a 15-year limit on holding the manufacturer of a defective product accountable. It also overrules Fuchsgruber v. Custom Accessories, 2001 WI 81, 244 Wis. 2d 758, 628 N.W.2d 833, replacing it with a rigorous formula where a product defendant percentage of negligence is multiplied with the causal responsibility of the product to equal a product defendant's causal liability of damages to the plaintiff.
Risk Contribution
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 changes the rules for risk contribution as identified in Thomas v. Mallett, 2005 WI 129, which involved lead paint manufacturers.
Damages for Frivolous Claims
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 holds a party or his attorney liable for costs and fees for beginning, using, or continuing an action if it done solely for harassment or maliciously injuring another party and there is no reasonable basis in the law for the conduct, or no good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of the law. It removes a judge's discretion in awarding attorney fees as a penalty.
Decriminalizes Criminal Conduct for Health Care Providers
2011 Wisconsin Act 2 decriminalizes conduct of health care providers for using a dangerous weapon if they are acting within the scope of their employment. Nursing home workers will also not be criminally liable if they commit an act or omission of mere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, or failure in good performance as the result of inability, incapacity, inadvertency, ordinary negligence, or good faith error in judgment or discretion.
Wrap Up of Fall 2011 Session
The Fall 2011 Session featured both a Special Session on "Job Creation" as well as the regular session. Here are the list of bills that were acted upon.
Cutting Interest Rates on Civil Action Judgments: 2011 Wisconsin Act 69
The September Special Session of the Legislature enacted legislation that changes the interest rate on offers of settlements and all civil judgments from 12 percent to the prime rate plus one percent – 4.25 percent currently. The new interest rate is reviewed biannually, applying to judgments in effect on January 1 of the year in which the judgment is entered if the judgment is entered on or before June 30 of that year or in effect on July 1 of the year in which the judgment is entered if the judgment is entered after June 30 of that year. This interest rate also applies to an offer of settlement that is not accepted and the party recovers a judgment that is greater than or equal to the amount specified in the offer of settlement. The new law went into effect on December 2, 2011.
PR Watch: ALEC Politicians Spin Special "Interest" Bill to Protect Corporate Wrongdoers as "Job Creation"
Limiting Attorneys Fees: 2011 Wisconsin Act 92
A new law establishes factors judges must use when awarding attorney fees as well as creating a presumption that attorney fees should not exceed three times compensatory damages. This will primarily apply to cases where fee-shifting statutes allow the award of reasonable attorney's fees - i.e., landlord-tenant, lemon law and employment discrimination cases. The new law went into effect on December 21, 2011.
The Cap Times: Attorneys Warn that Bill to Limit their Fees will Stick it to Consumers
WPR: Senate Republicans Approve Plan to Cap Attorney Fees in Civil Lawsuits
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Wisconsin Assembly bill would limit attorney fee judgments
Inside Track: Attorney Fees: Proposed bill seeks to cap reasonable attorney fees where available
The Castle Doctrine Bill – 2011 Wisconsin Act 94
The new law grants immunity to a person who uses force that is intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm to protect his or her home, motor vehicle or place of business if the person "reasonably believed that the force was necessary to prevent imminent death or bodily harm to himself or herself or to another person." If the person shot disputes the homeowners version of events and seeks to hold the homeowner accountable for being shot, a provision in the new law says if the homeowner is found immune, the injured person has to pay the legal expenses of the homeowner as well as lost wages and other expense.
The Legislature failed to act on the following special session bill.
Drug and Medical Device Immunity: SS-SB/AB 13
This bill would have given pharmaceutical companies and medical device companies immunity from lawsuits if the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved them in certain cases. The bill included an exception for devices approved in the streamlined (510k) process, however, all manufacturers and sellers are immune if the warning labels of their products have been approved by the FDA.
Center for Justice and Democracy White Paper: Repeating a Tragic Blunder
The Cap Times: Consumer Rights Group Takes Aim at Proposal to Shield Drug Makers
Op-Ed by Hank Greenspan from Michigan: Bill Weakens Protections for Public
PR Watch: Wisconsin GOP Pushes ALEC Anti-Consumer Bill to Protect Drug Makers
The Cap Times: More 'tort reform' bills coming from the GOP
Winter Session 2012
Hazardous Highway and Bridges legislation
Governor Walker signed the Hazardous Highway bill on March 21, 2012 as 2011 Wisconsin Act 132. The new law went into effect on April 5. Under the new law, municipalities will be able to assert an immunity defense for "discretionary" highway maintenance decisions under Wis. Stat. § 893.80.
Inside Track: Pothole Liability: Proposed Bill Could Create "Discretionary" Immunity for Highway Defects
Eliminating causes of action for compensatory and punitive damages in employment cases
Governor Walker signed SB-202 on April 5. The new law was published as 2011 Wisconsin Act 219 on April 19 and went into effect on April 20. The bill eliminates the cause of action for compensatory and punitive damages in a state employment discrimination case.
The Huffington Post: Scott Walker Quietly Repeals Wisconsin Equal Pay Law
Milwaukee Journel-Sentinel: Walker Signs Bevy of Bills Into Law
PR Watch: Wisconsin GOP Goes After Equal Pay for Equal Work
Immunity for School Districts Opening Facilities for Recreational Use
AB-497 was passed by the Assembly and Senate at the end of the March floor period and was signed by Governor Walker as 2011 Wisconsin Act 162. It was published on April 11 and went into effect on April 12. The School Immunity Bill provides immunity to school districts if they open up their facilities to non-school groups pursuant to a recreational agreement. There are several exceptions to the grant of immunity. It does not cover the use of the swimming pool or gymnastic and weight-lifting equipment and spectators are also not covered by the provisions of the new law. The new law also places volunteers under Wis. Stat. § 893.80, similar to school or municipal employees.
Ski Area Immunity Bill
SB-388 passed the Legislature and was signed by Governor Walker on April 2 as 2011 Wisconsin Act 199. The new law was published on April 16 and went into effect on April 17, 2012. The new law puts the burden on the skier to evaluate and assume potentially unknown risks, such as forest growth, boulders, drop-offs, hazards and collisions with ski area infrastructure, while skiing It also provides a list of duties skiers must follow when participating in a snow sport. Ski Area Operators also have to comply with a number of duties, like posting warning signs, providing maps, marking of ski area infrastructure and a lift inspection. There is no requirement of padding, only that the ski area operator must develop a written policy on padding for the ski area infrastructure. Ski areas must post warnings that ski area vehicles are in the area, equipping ski area vehicles with a flag and flashing light. Ski area vehicles, when possible, must yield the right of way to skiers. The vehicles must travel at a "reasonable" speed. They must have a written policy on training for operators of ski area vehicles and well as other requirements for operators of ski area vehicles. (Over age 18 with a valid driver's license.) If a ski area operator fulfills all the duties listed in the law, ski area operators are granted immunity for anything not listed as a duty.
Wisconsin Public News Service: Proposed WI Ski Area Law Bad for Skiers and Tourism
Bills that Failed to Pass 2011-12 Session:
"I'm Sorry" legislation
The bill, AB-147, would have made statements of doctors and other health care providers expressing apology, condolence as well as fault, liability and responsibility to a patient or his or her family from being admissible in a medical malpractice lawsuit. WAJ has said it will support the legislation if three words -- fault, liability and responsibility -- are dropped from the bill. Fact Sheet. Legislative Council did two memos on the potential reach of the bill, memo 1 and memo 2. The bill passed the Assembly in November, but the Senate failed to act on the legislation.
Appleton Post-Crescent: Bill would let doctors say, 'I'm sorry'
Retroactive Application of Risk Contribution Legislation
Senate Bill 373 would have retroactively applied parts of 2011 Wisconsin Act 2 to pending cases. The authors and their supporters indicated the only effect of this bill is to make retroactive those changes to risk contribution theory previously enacted in 2011 Wisconsin Act 2. It appears that lead paint companies were behind the legislation. The bill had a public hearing on January 19. A companion bill was also introduced in the Assembly, AB-538. However, neither bill was voted on in the Senate or Assembly.
The Cap Times: Further Fast-Tracked "Tort Reform" Would Work Retroactively
Wisconsin Public Radio: Republican bill to undo Wisconsin Supreme Court's controversial lead paint decision
2017-2018 Session Highlights
2011-2012 Session Highlights
2011-2012 Attacks on Consumer Rights


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Bass Stereoscopic Photography Collection, 73 results 73
Kodak Lecture Series and Image Arts Lectures, 65 results 65
Heritage Camera Collection, 46 results 46
Historical Photographic Processes Collection, 24 results 24
International photographic exhibitions publications, 17 results 17
The Phototeria, 13 results 13
Canadian perspectives: a national conference on Canadian photography, 10 results 10
Art history and history of photography slides, 7 results 7
Kodak Canada Corporate Archives and Heritage Collection, 6 results 6
Photograph & Film Technology Collection, 3 results 3
Image Arts, 59 results 59
Nordström, Alison, 16 results 16
Ryerson Image Centre, 7 results 7
McCowan, David A., 4 results 4
Lyons, Nathan, 1930, 2 results 2
Krause, George, 1937, 2 results 2
Krims, Les, 1942, 2 results 2
Gowin, Emmet, 1941, 2 results 2
Coleman, A.D., 1943, 2 results 2
School of Image Arts, 46 results 46
Wilfrid Laurier University, 16 results 16
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 8 results 8
Beckers, Alexander, 4 results 4
Ernst Leitz (Firm), 2 results 2
Rumney, Irvine George, 1925-2006, 2 results 2
Jennie Gilles, 1 results 1
H.C. White Co., 1 results 1
Underwood & Underwood, 1 results 1
United States, 18 results 18
Asia, 10 results 10
California, 3 results 3
Chicago, 2 results 2
Photography--History, 268 results 268
image making equipment, 74 results 74
photographic equipment, 74 results 74
history of technology, 41 results 41
stereoscopes, 23 results 23
stereoscopic photographs, 20 results 20
stereographs, 20 results 20
photographs, 20 results 20
photograph viewing equipment, 19 results 19
Holmes Stereoscope, 11 results 11
Human Anatomy, 1 results 1
stereoscopes, 1 results 1
Sub-series, 1 results 1
Photography--History
Man behind camera with boy
2005.001.03.3.029
Item consists of a board, landscape poster featuring an image of a man and a boy standing in front of a tent and behind a camera. The man is covered by the camera blanket as he prepares his photograph, while the boy stands behind, holding a plate ...
[Illustration of wet collodion photographer with assistant]
Item consists of 2 mounted posters featuring a reproduction of a 1870's illustration of the wet collodion process. A man and a boy standing in front of a tent and behind a camera. The man is covered by the camera blanket as he prepares his ph...
From cottage industry to major company in Australia : milestones in the history of Kodak (Australasia) Pty. Ltd. / Kodak (Australasia) Pty. Ltd.
2005.001.07.03.05.22
Item is an illustrated promotional pamphlet detailing major events in the history of Kodak (Australasia) Pty. Ltd., Eastman Kodak Company's Australian subsidiary.
From glass plates to digital images--the Kodak story / Eastman Kodak Company
Item consists of 3 copies of an illustrated black-and-white promotional brochure detailing the history of Eastman Kodak's products and found, George Eastman.
Photographic Canadiana / Photographic Historical Society of Canada
2005.001.07.05.48
File includes 18 issues of Photographic Canadiana, the bimonthly publication of the Photographic Historical Society of Canada, from 1993 to 1998. Some issues missing.
Records pertaining to the Photographic Historical Society of Canada and other camera clubs
File contains documents related to the Photographic Historical Society of Canada and other camera clubs. Kodak Canada had a longstanding relationship with the PHSC and hosted the organization's 25th anniversary celebration. File includes: fly...
Reproduced articles, catalogues, and magazine covers
File contains miscellaneous print-outs and photocopies of articles, catalogues, and magazine covers published both by Kodak and externally. Items were likely used as reference materials by Kodak Canada's communications department or by the Ko...
Photographic equipment catalogues and price lists
Part of Nicholas M. and Marilyn A. Graver Photographic Publications Collection
Seris contains catalogues, price lists and advertisements for various photographic equipment available for sale from various companies, with a concentration on early 20th century companies, particularly from the Rochester, New York area.
2005.003.1.01
sub-series contains publications produced by the Eastman Kodak Company detailing the Kodak products available and their pricing. Includes cameras, accessories, film, and photographic paper.
[ca. 1910- ca. 2005]
File contains users guides and information on motion picture equipment produced by Kodak and all it's subsidiaries.
This collection consists of photographic films, papers and chemicals used by various individuals for amateur or professional purposes. The collection also includes camera accessories, flash equipment, various lenses, exposure meters (light meters)...
Quickset 241
2005.005.1.047
Part of Photograph & Film Technology Collection
Item is a folding wooden tripod.
Nikon bellows pb-4
P536G Thyristor Computer L
[manufactured ca. 1983]
Item is an electronic flash unit.
Early cameras
[reproductions created ca. 2000]
Part of Heritage Camera Collection
This series consists of original and duplicate early cameras from the beginning of the history of photography. Based on the basic design of the camera obscura and produced between about 1820 and 1870, these simple devices were usually solid or sli...
Mousetrap camera [replica]
Item is a small, wooden camera obscura with a single meniskus lens to demonstrate function of matt glass focusing screen and focal length. It is a replica built in the style of the small "mousetrap" cameras designed by William Henry Fox ...
Nassau, Wilhelm E.
Wooden camera obscura [replica]
Cameras of this kind were used during the 18th and 19th century by artists and travelling tourists to sketch landscapes and buildings. A piece of transparent paper was placed on the matte screen. One could now trace the outlines of the subject as ...
Dry plate cameras
This series contains cameras designed for use with commercially manufactured dry plate negatives. Produced between about 1880 and 1900, these cameras began to be marketed to amateur photographers due to the relative ease of using dry plates. Expos...
Field cameras
This series contains view cameras whose lighter and more compact design, as compared to larger, studio style cameras, allowed for them to be easily transported for use in outdoor settings and for travelling. Alterations like collapsible bellows (f...
ICA Lloyd 575 folding camera
Item is a camera produced by ICA with a Carl Zeisa lens. The camera uses [xfilm], has [X] lenses, [X] shutter speed of [X]. Item also comes with a leather case.
Zeiss Super Ikonta C (folding camera)
Item is a folding camera for use with Zeiss Ikon B2 6x9cm 120 roll film. The camera includes a Carl Zeiss Jena Tessar f3.5, 105mm lens and Compur rapid shutter with speeds from 1 second to 1/400, plus bulb setting.
Box and snapshot roll film cameras
[manufactured between 1897 and 1964]
Series contains simple, snapshot cameras designed for mass public consumption, taking advantage of the new flexible roll film that was developed in 1883. The box camera was a logical follow up from the original simple camera obscuras, often having...
Kodak Brownie Holiday Flash
[between 1954-1963]
Item is a brown moulded plastic box camera designed by Eastman Kodak employee Arthur H. Crapsey Jr. for use with 127 film (4x6 cm exposures). The camera features a fixed speed rotary shutter and plastic lens. Item does not include the flash unit. ...
Detective cameras
Items in this series are photographic devices designed to be inconspicuous, intended for photographers to make candid exposures without the subject being aware. The first detective cameras appeared with the production of commercially available dry...
Scovill & Adams Company
Panoramic cameras
Series contains cameras designed to take wide-angle photographs (images that are least twice as wide as they are tall). Cameras of this nature began to be produced soon after photography was invented, as photographers have always wanted to capture...
Miniature and sub-miniature cameras
This series contains cameras designed to take photographs on flexible film sized smaller than 135 format film (24mm x 36mm). The size of the camera also tended to be very small, and often simply designed. While several companies manufactured high ...
Professional and press cameras
Series contains cameras designed to fulfill specific, professional functions such as surveying, aerial photography, studio portraits and press work. These cameras are often the best items in the manufacturers line, offering more features and a stu...
Stereoscopic and multi lens cameras
Series contains cameras that have with more than one lens, to create multiple images on the same light sensitive film or plate. These cameras were designed for several purposes, the most popular being the stereoscopic, or three-dimensional, image....
Single lens reflex cameras
Series contains single lens reflex, or simply reflex, cameras. This deign used a mirror at a 45 degree angle to allow the photographer to look through the lens when composing the photograph, therefore seeing exactly what will appear on the film. B...
Praktica FX3
Item is an 35mm reflex camera with a waist-level viewfinder and a non auto-return mirror. Manufactured in Soviet controlled East Germany, the company and the Desden factory closed after reunification. The lens is a Meyer Gorlitz Domiplan 1:2.8/50mm.
Asahi Pentax 6 x 7
Item is a professional medium format single lens reflex camera for 6 x 7 cm images on 120 or 220 roll film. This camera has a design similar to a 35mm camera with interchangeable Takumar lenses and range finders. It has a Penta Prism viewfinder, a...
Salyut Kiev 88C
[from 1972 to 1980]
Item is a medium format, single lens reflex replica of the Swedish Hasselblad 1600 F camera manufactured in Russia. For 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format film. Shutter is a foil focal plane style. Camera kit includes 2 film backs, an eye level view...
Kalimar Reflex
Item is a single lens reflex camera 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 roll film. Made by Fujita Optical Company for Kalimar (in the USA), the cloth focal plane shutter allows exposures from B to 1/500 sec. Film counter set manually at the first exposure (...
Exakta Varex 500
Item is a postwar model camera, made in occupied East Germany. is possibly a variant of the VX 500 , but not exactly like it. The prism can be removed, shutter speeds are B, Flash, 1/30 to 1/500 sec, double flash sync contact at left side, lens is...
Twin lens reflex cameras
Series contains cameras designed with two identical lenses, mounted one above the other, for composition and the other for exposure. The twin-lens design allows the photographer a continuous view of the subject while photographing, as the 45 degre...
Ikoflex II camera
Item is a medium format twin lens reflex camera for 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format roll film, produced by Zeiss Ikon. Model number 252/16 stamped underneath. Lens is a Triotar 75mm, f3.5 with a compur 1 to 1/300 shutter.
Rolleiflex Grey Baby
Item is a knob-advance twin lens reflex camera for 4 x 4 cm exposures on 127 format film. More compact than other twin lens reflex cameras, with a smaller negatives, the Grey Body has a Xenar f3.5 lens with a Syncrho compur shutter. The camera com...
Argoflex EF
Item is a metal twin lens reflex camera for 2 1/4" x 2 1/4" exposures on 620 format roll film. Coupled front lens focusing.
Rolleicord Model 1
Item is an inexpensive version of the classic Rolleiflex medium format, twin lens reflex camera with fewer features. Shot 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 film; adapters could be obtained to shoot with 35mm and sheet film. The lens is a Zeiss Triotar f 3...
Foth-Flex II
[between 1938 and 1939
Item is a medium format, twin lens reflex camera for 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format film. Lens is an Anistigmant 75mm, F2.5 with a cloth focal plane shutter (speeds from 2 second to 1/500th). This model of camera was available in both left and r...
Ikoflex III camera
Item is a medium format twin lens reflex camera manufactured by Zeiss Ikon. this is the last pre-war Ikoflex model, released in June of 1939 and made in Stuttgart, Germany. For 6 x 6 cm exposures on 120 format roll film. The focusing screen has a ...
Yashica LM
Item is a typical medium format twin lens reflex camera, designed to resemble a Rolleiflex. The "LM", for light meter, indicates that this model has a selenium cell exposure meter on top, with meter control on left side. Shutter: Copal M...
Yashica Co. Ltd.
Mamiya c330
Item is a twin lens reflex medium format camera. Features on this model include a self-cocking winding crank with double exposure prevention.
Ricohmatic 225
Item is a Ricohmatic 225 in case. It is a 6x6 twin lens reflex camera made in Japan by Ricoh from 1959 to 1962. It is a synthesis of all the best technologies of the time. Used no. 120 film, but an optional kit was available to allow for the use o...
Series contains cameras designed for use with standard 35mm (135 format) film. This became the most popular film and camera format, both among professionals and amateurs. Sturdy and multi-functional, with interchangeable lenses, these cameras foun...
Item is a small hand held 35mm camera with metal and black vulcanite case. Two large metal rings attached on either side for a strap (not included). No lens included.
Leica iif
Item is a small, hand-held metal camera with black vulcanite cover on body. Summitar lens (f=5cm), strap and lens cap included.
Kodak Retina Ia
[between 1951and 1954]
Item is a manual focus, folding 35mm camera with Synchro-Compur lens. Made in Germany. An instruction book is included. Made in Germany at Kodak AG.
Baldamatic
Item is a 35mm camera with rapid-wind key on base. It has a coupled selenium light meter. Lens is a Baldanar F2.8 45mm with a Prontomat shutter. Automatic exposure is regulated with shutter speeds from 1/30th - 1/300th of a second.
Balda-Werk
Yashica Minimatic - EL
Item is a 35 mm camera with a split image rangefinder and automatic exposure camera. A signal appears in the viewfinder if the film will be overexposed and the shutter cannot be released. Lens is a Yashinon - DX, f1.7, 45 mm.
Contaflex II
Item is a 35mm, single lens reflex camera manufactured by the Zeiss Ikon Company. This model, introduced in 1954, has a Tessar 45mm f2.8 lens and synchro-compur leaf shutter. The camera has a built-in, uncoupled selenium exposure meter and a telep...
In-camera processing (instant) cameras
Series consists of cameras that combine exposure and development in one step to create photographs instantaneously. While Polaroid is by far the most well known of these cameras, the first patent for instant photography was for the Dubroni, a Fren...
Series contains mainly inexpensive, fully automatic 35 mm cameras marketed strictly for amateur use. These cameras are the high tech descendants of the box camera and most models have no manual control over focus, aperture, shutter speed, film win...
One-time use cameras
Series contains cameras designed to be disposable. Usually simple, point and shoot cameras made of plastic cases with cardboard housings, these cameras were sold pre-loaded with film and returned to the photofinisher in tact for development. The p...
Digital and pre-digital cameras
[ between 1988 and 2010]
Series contains cameras that are designed to capture images using sensors and digital storage media instead of film, as well as pre-digital cameras that combined digital technology with film. The digital camera replaced the traditional film camera...
Toy and promotional cameras
[between 1977 to 1983]
Series contains cameras designed for children or created and distributed as marketing materials for different corporations. These cameras became most popular after the advent of film cartridges, as this greatly simplified the handling and lowered ...
Motion-picture viewers
[ca. 1929 - ca. 1959]
Series contains cameras that use film to capture moving images for display. While still image cameras expose one image at a time on photographic film, motion picture cameras take a series of images (or frames) on long strips of film that are then ...
Eumig C3R 8mm camera
Item is a double 8 cine camera taking 25' spools, optical eye-level finder and spring motor with Reichert Solar f1.9/12.5 mm. This item was produced in the late 1950's and is accompanied by a leather bag, original user's manual and ...
Series contains hand-held, shoulder-mounted, or structurally-attached cameras that use electronic components to record moving images and sound. Most items in this series are for home use. For cameras that record moving images using digital compone...
Weisblatt, Betty
Commencing in 1973, the Kodak Lecture Series Fonds contains audio and video recordings of lectures presenting the work of photographers, filmmakers, photo-based and new media artists, curators and visual media theorists. A series of lectures at th...
Ryerson Image Centre
Mind and sight lectures
Part of Kodak Lecture Series and Image Arts Lectures
Image Arts
Gary Winogrand
Nathan Lyons
Leslie Krims
A.D. Coleman
Alex Sweetman
John Max
W. Eurgene Smith: Artist speaks about his work
James Borcoman: Curator of photographs at the National Gallery
Aaron Siskind: The artist speaks about his work
Robert Frank: The artist speaks about his work
Andre Kertesz: The artist speaks about his work
Jerry Uelsmann: The artist speaks about his work
Van Deren Coke: The painter and the photograph
Item contains two copies of an audio recording of a lecture by photographer Robert Heinecken. The originally scheduled lecture, by Lisette Model was cancelled.
Geoffrey James: Head of Canada Council in Visual Arts, Film and Video Division
Cole Weston: Artist speaks about his work and Edward Weston
Judy Dater: Artist speaks about her work
A.D. Coleman: Writer and critic speaks about critical process
Thomas Barrow
Richard Huyda: Archivist, National Archives of Canada
Hiro: Photographer speaks about his work
Henry Holmes Smith
Emmet Gowin: Photographer speaks about his work
Les Krims: Photographer speaks about his work
Duane Michals: Photographer speaks about his work
A.D. Coleman: Critic and writer discusses issues in photography
Jerry Uelsmann: Artist discusses his work and answers questions
Betty Hahn: The artist talks about her work
George Krause: Artist discusses his work and answers questions
Nancy Hall-Duncan
Ray Metzker: Artist discusses his work and answers questions
Peter Bunnell: Curator, critic, writer
Item is an audio recording of Pter Bunnell's lecture, covering activities at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and Susan Sontag's book "On Photography".
John Brumfield on Robert Frank
Item contains 4 audio cassettes of a by American photographer John Brumfield as part of the 1978-1979 Image Arts lecture series.
02/28/1979 - 03-04-1979
Fonds contains the audio recordings, slides and transcript publication related to the conference on Canadian photography, hosted by Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, Photographic Arts Department, Toronto, in 1979. 23 presentations were recorded, w...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home BREAKING NEWS Inome Window at Buddhist Temple in Kyoto Brings Love and Fortune
Inome Window at Buddhist Temple in Kyoto Brings Love and Fortune
The inome window at Shoju-in Buddhist temple. From shoujuin.boo.jp
Inome (heart shape) is a traditional Japanese pattern with over 1400 years history and used for several historical buildings in the country. Inome pattern is believed to avoid disaster and bring happiness.
Shoju-in Buddhist temple in the town of Ujitawara, in Japan's Kyoto Prefecture, was once only known for its Furin Matsuri wind chime festival, which the temple hosts every summer. But a recent architectural addition has created a surge in the temple's popularity, especially among young Japanese women.
Shoju-in is home to what has become one of Japan's most popular windows: a heart-shaped aperture that looks out over the temple grounds in the recently built reception hall. Since the feature was introduced on social media as the "the window that invites happiness," traffic to the temple has more than doubled, with some 20,000 visitors making the journey to see the window last year.
The inome window at Shoju-in during spring. From shoujuin.boo.jp
The window frames the pink cherry blossoms in the temple garden in spring, the green boughs in summer, and red, orange, and yellow maple leaves in the autumn. As the Sun makes its way across the sky, a heart-shaped beam of sunlight travels across the floor of the reception hall, exuding a sense of romance. But the window has little to do with love; instead it is based on a 1,400-year-old architectural design intended to repel evil spirits.
The window is modeled a after the inome (猪目) symbol, or "boar's eye." The inome is believed to have been based on the shape of the eye of a wild boar some 1,400 years ago, and often features as a decorative symbol in Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, or on swords and spearheads.
The inome window at Shoju-in during autumn. From shoujuin.boo.jp
Arrowhead with a cherry blossom and "boar's eye" design. From worcesterart.org
The boar is traditionally associated with determination and honesty, reflected in the way a boar charges its target without becoming distracted. It was a popular symbol for the samurai class, and over time became associated with warding off misfortune and inviting good fortune.
And the window has indeed invited fortune to Shoju-in temple. The resident monks are surprised but happy with the surging popularity of their home. As Daikan Kunomura, the termple's deputy priest, relates: "The window gave us an unintended result. I guess divine guidance brought us here." (The Mainichi)
The inome window at Shoju-in during winter. From shoujuin.boo.jp
Shoju-in, founded some 800 years ago, is a temple of the Koyasan Shingon school of Japanese Buddhism. It houses a famous statue of the Buddhist protector deity Acala (the "immovable" one), which was crafted by Kaikei (快慶), a Japanese busshi (sculptor of Buddha statues) in the Kamakura period (1185–1333), and is designated as an important cultural property by the Japanese government.
Seven years ago, the temple began hosting the Furin Matsuri wind chime festival, where more than 1,000 wind chimes can be heard and admired. However, according to Kunomura, "far fewer than 10,000 worshipers" would visit the temple each year, probably due to its relatively hard-to-reach location.
The Furin Matsuri wind chime festival at Shoju-in. From shoujuin.boo.jp
When the reception hall, used for various functions such as tea ceremonies, was added, one of the carpenters suggested adding the inome window in the west-facing wall. After the completion of the hall in 2015, visitors were quick to notice the heart-shaped opening, sharing their pictures on social media and spawning a whole new influx of visitors.
Yet the heart-shaped window is not the only new temple feature attracting attention. Crowning the chamber, the hall's so-called "flower ceiling" displays 160 decorative paintings of flowers and Japanese landscapes created by some 100 artists and art students, which can be admired when lying on the hall's traditional tatami mats.
The "flower ceiling" in the reception hall. From shoujuin.boo.jp
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text:
Northeastern Ontario municipalities back First Nations' proposal for a railway across traditional lands for Ring of Fire – by Len Gilles (Timmins Daily Press – May 19, 2015)
May 19, 2015 in Aboriginal and Inuit Mining and Oil/Gas, Canadian Regional Media and Web Publications, Mining Railway, Road and Other Infrastructure, Ontario Mining, Ontario's Ring of Fire Mineral Discovery
The Daily Press is the city of Timmins broadsheet newspaper.
Martin was a guest speaker at the spring meeting of NEOMA, the Northeastern Ontario Municipal Association, which met in Iroquois Falls on Friday.
He outlined for municipal leaders from across the North how the plan is to build and east-west rail corridor from Moosonee, up to Kashechewan and then over to Webequie, where the Ring Of Fire mining prospects are located. Further to that, Martin said Mushkegowuk also wants to install a high voltage hydro transmission line to the same area.
The Ring of Fire is the name given to the vast deposit of chromite and nickel, located in the McFauld's Lake and Webequie area, about 600 kilometres north-west of Timmins. The prospect is valued in the tens of billions of dollars.
After an extensive presentation by Grand Chief Martin on Friday, NEOMA members voted on, and approved, a resolution of support put forward by the City of Timmins, seeking formal support for the Mushkegowuk plan.
Before the resolution could be voted on, Cochrane mayor Peter Politis stood up to say he had a concern about the Timmins resolution, which he said had a "nuance" about the conceptual support for Mushkegowuk to privatize the rail service in Northeastern Ontario.
Politis said he was not sure that Northern communities want to see the rail service privatized even though he was confident there would be support for the Mushkegowuk rail link per se. He said the nuance in the resolution would play right into the hands of the Queen's Park Liberals who have been working to divest the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission and its assets, such as the Ontario Northland Railway (ONR).
"The challenge with this right now, is if we do that our fear is that we give the government, we give the province exactly what they need which is to divest themselves of the ONR," said Politis, who convinced the organization to amend the resolution.
The amended resolution noted that a fully functional rail service and improved transportation corridors are critical for the sustainability and growth of Northeastern Ontario and First Nations communities.
Also included in the resolution was the statement that NEOMA is in support of a "public-private partnership" that recognizes a previous NEOMA position that the ONTC and the Ontario Northland Railway remains in the public sector, as an agency of the Ontario government.
For the rest of this article, click here: http://www.timminspress.com/2015/05/18/northeastern-ontario-municipalities-back-first-nations-proposal-for-a-railway-across-traditional-lands-for-ring-of-fire
Anglo American Can't Solve Problems With Surgery – by Helen Thomas (Wall Street Journal – May 15, 2015)
Dig Into New Jersey's Mining History at Sterling Hill – by Brian Glaser (May 18, 2015)


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text:
Der Schlesische Landtag war von 1861 bis 1918 der Landtag des Kronlandes Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien der im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder in Österreich-Ungarn. Vorläufer war der Schlesische Fürstentag.

Regierung ohne Parlament
Nachdem der Schlesische Konvent, der 1848 nach der Märzrevolution geschaffen worden war, vom Kaiser spätestens mit dem Silvesterpatent 1851 aufgehoben worden war, wurde Österreichisch-Schlesien vom k.k. Statthalter Josef Kalchegger von Kalchberg und dem engeren Ausschuss des verstärkten öffentlichen Konventes (Konventualausschuss) vom 22. März 1852 bis zum 3. April 1861 regiert, ohne dass es ein Parlament gegeben hätte.

Landtag 1861–1918
1861 begann die Geschichte des Schlesischen Landtags. Der Landtag hatte seinen Sitz in der Landeshauptstadt Troppau, zunächst im Landhaus, dem ehemaligen Gebäude des Jesuitenkollegiums, später im Landtagsgebäude.

Am 26. Februar 1861 erließ Kaiser Franz Joseph I. autokratisch das später so genannte Februarpatent, eine Verfassung für die Gesamtmonarchie. Am Entstehen hatte Minister Anton von Schmerling großen Anteil. Als  Beilagen zu diesem Grundgesetz wurden im Reichsgesetzblatt für das Kaisertum Österreich die Landesordnungen der Kronländer kundgemacht, darunter die Landesordnung für das Herzogtum Schlesien. Diese wurde durch die Dezemberverfassung 1867 für Cisleithanien, zu dem das Herzogtum gehörte, nicht verändert. (Das Herzogtum gehörte ab 1867 zu den im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreichen und Ländern; so umschrieb man juristisch das nach dem Ausscheiden Ungarns verbliebene Gebiet des kaiserlichen Österreich.)

Der Landesordnung zufolge bestand der Schlesische Landtag aus 31 Mitgliedern. Eine Virilstimme hatte der Fürstbischof von Breslau (obwohl der Fürstbischof Ausländer war). 30 Mitglieder wurden in drei Kurien gewählt:
  9 Vertreter der Großgrundbesitzer
 12 Vertreter der Städte und der Handels- und Gewerbekammer
  9 Vertreter der übrigen Gemeinden (außer den im mährischen Landtag vertretenen Enklaven)

Die neun Vertreter der Großgrundbesitzer wurden in einem Wahlkreis, aber in zwei Wahlkörpern gewählt. Im ersten Wahlkörper hatten vier Personen – die Herzöge von Teschen, von Troppau und Jägerndorf sowie von Bielitz und der Hoch- und Deutschmeister – das Recht, zwei Abgeordnete zu bestimmen. Die sieben weiteren Abgeordneten wurden von allen anderen Großgrundbesitzern gewählt, die den Zensus von mindestens 250 Gulden (später 500 Kronen) Realsteuer pro Jahr leisteten.

Die Vertreter der 24 größten Städte wurden in acht Wahlbezirken zu je einem Abgeordneten gewählt. Hinzu kam der Wahlbezirk der Hauptstadt Troppau mit zwei Abgeordneten. Die ca. 40 Mitglieder der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Troppau bestimmten zwei weitere Abgeordnete.

Die Vertreter der Gemeinden wurden in sieben Wahlkreisen (fünf zu je einem Abgeordneten und zwei zu je zwei Abgeordneten) indirekt über Wahlmänner gewählt. Von der Neuregelung gemäß Landesgesetz vom 25. November 1884 an war die ortsanwesende statt der einheimischen Bevölkerung maßgeblich für die Anzahl der Wahlmänner (die statt der Bevölkerung wahlberechtigt waren), was in Zeiten großer Landflucht wesentlich war. 1897 wurde ein Antrag eingebracht, die direkte Wahl der Abgeordneten der Landgemeinden vorzusehen; es erfolgte dazu aber kein Beschluss (siehe unten).

Bei der Wahl der Vertreter der Stadt- und Landgemeinden wurde ein relativer Zensus von zehn Gulden (gemäß Landesgesetz vom 13. Februar 1887 herabgesetzt auf fünf Gulden) als Voraussetzung des Wahlrechtes zu Grunde gelegt.

Wahlrechtsänderungen
Am 22. November 1875 wurde die Landes- und Landtagswahlordnung geändert. An der Grundstruktur des Landtags änderte sich jedoch nichts. Ab dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts kam es immer wieder zu Vorstößen, Struktur und Wahlrecht an die demokratischeren Regelungen anderer Kronländer anzupassen. Alle diese Initiativen scheiterten jedoch, so dass der Aufbau des Landtags bis 1918 unverändert blieb.

Eine zentrale Frage in diesen Diskussionen spiele die Nationalitätenfrage. 1910 bestand die Bevölkerung zu 43,9 % aus Deutschen, 31,7 % aus Polen und zu 24,3 % aus Tschechen. Die Deutschen dominierten jedoch aufgrund des Wahlrechtes das Landesparlament, da Polen und Tschechen hauptsächlich in den ländlichen Gebieten lebten, die im Landtag unterrepräsentiert waren. Der Streit bezog sich auch auf die Verhandlungssprache im Landtag. Gemäß Landtagsbeschluss vom 14. September 1871 konnte im Landtag in allen drei Landessprachen geredet werden (auch wenn keine Übersetzung ins Deutsche erfolgte), in der Praxis wurde die Verwendung der deutschen Sprache gefordert.

Ein erster Vorstoß, die Vertretung der Landgemeinden (und damit der nicht-deutschen Bevölkerung) zu stärken, wurde am 26. Februar 1897 in den Landtag eingebracht. Danach sollten 14 neue Abgeordnete sowie neue Wahlbezirke für die Landgemeinden beschlossen werden. Der Landtag fasste keine Entscheidung zu der Vorlage.

Im Herbst 1905 forderte die slawische Minderheit im Landtag, vertreten durch den Abgeordneten Václav Hrubý, die Einführung des allgemeinen Männerwahlrechts. Der Landtag lehnte dies ab. Im Gegenzug beschloss die Landtagsmehrheit am 21. November 1905 die Einführung einer IV. Kurie mit vier Abgeordneten, die nach dem allgemeinen Wahlrecht gewählt werden sollte (die Gesamtgröße des Landtags hätte dann 35 betragen). Diese Entscheidung wurde von der k.k. Regierung in Wien dem Kaiser nicht zur Sanktion vorgelegt. Mit Schreiben vom 7. März 1908 erläuterte die Regierung ihre Gründe. Man forderte zuerst die Einigung der nationalen Parteien, bevor eine Neuregelung genehmigt würde.

Am 30. Oktober 1908 wurde eine Landtagsreform durch den Landtag beschlossen (inzwischen galt für den Reichsrat bereits das allgemeine Männerwahlrecht). Demnach sollte der Landtag künftig 55 Mitglieder haben. II. und III. Wählerklasse sollte um neun Abgeordnete erweitert und eine IV. Wählerklasse (für die das allgemeine Wahlrecht gelten sollte) eingeführt werden. Die Wahl dieser IV. Klasse sollte in fünf Wahlbezirken erfolgen (hier hätte sich in einer eine deutsche, in zweien eine polnische und in zweien eine tschechische Mehrheit ergeben). In der III. Kurie hätten sich fünf mehrheitlich deutsche, fünf mehrheitlich tschechische und sieben mehrheitlich polnische Wahlbezirke ergeben.

Dieser Vorschlag wurde jedoch vom Kaiser nicht genehmigt. Die Regierung in Wien reklamierte schwerwiegende Mängel des Entwurfs (kein Wahlrecht für Analphabeten, die Einführung einer Wahlpflicht und unterschiedliche Größe der Wahlkreise). So blieb die Struktur des Parlaments bis zum Ende der Monarchie 1918 unverändert.

Wahl von Reichsratsabgeordneten
Je sechs Abgeordnete für Ober- und Niederschlesien wurden vom schlesischen Landtag gemäß der Reichsverfassung vom 26. Februar 1861 in das Abgeordnetenhaus des Reichsrats gewählt. Die Wahl fand jährlich statt. Von 1873 an wurden die Abgeordneten zum Reichsrat direkt gewählt, so dass der Landtag hier keine Funktion mehr hatte.

Landesausschuss, Landespräsident
Der Landesausschuss war das autonome Exekutivkomitee des Landtages. Er bestand aus dem vom Kaiser ernannten Landeshauptmann, der auch als Vorsitzender des Landtages fungierte, und vier weiteren vom Landtag aus seiner Mitte gewählten Mitgliedern. Gemäß dem Gesetz vom 8. November 1890 wurde die Zahl der Landesausschussmitglieder auf fünf erhöht. Gemäß einer informellen Regelung war nun jeweils abwechselnd ein Pole oder ein Tscheche Mitglied des Landesausschusses. Gemäß der (nicht sanktionierten) 1908er Verfassung wäre die Zahl der Mitglieder auf sechs angewachsen und die Vertretung der Minderheiten weiter gestärkt worden.

Die Landeshauptleute waren:
 Johann Graf Larisch-Moennich (1821–1884): I.–III. Session (1861–1864)
 Amand Graf Kuenburg (1809–1886): IV.–XXIII. Session (1865–1886)
 Heinrich Graf Larisch-Moennich (1850–1918): XXIV.–XXXX. Session (1888–1918)

Landesausschuss und Landeshauptmann standen dem k.k. Landespräsidenten (Landeschef), dem direkten Vertreter von Kaiser und k.k. Regierung, gegenüber, der die gesamtstaatliche Verwaltung repräsentierte. Er hatte Beschlüsse zu Landesgesetzen der k.k. Regierung in Wien mit seiner Stellungnahme vorzulegen und nach allfälliger  Genehmigung zu unterzeichnen, damit sie als Landesgesetze kundgemacht werden und in Kraft treten konnten. Weiters hatte er das Landespräsidium, in anderen Kronländern Statthalterei genannt, zu leiten, das Leitungsorgan für im Herzogtum tätige Ämter des cisleithanischen Gesamtstaates. Im von der k.k. Staatsdruckerei jährlich aufgelegten Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kaisertums Österreich bzw. der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie sind unter anderen folgende Landespräsidenten angeführt:
 August von Merkl, 1868
 Alexander von Summer, 1881
 Olivier Marquis de Bacquehem, 1882–1886
 Karl von Coudenhove, 1895
 Karl Heinold von Udynski, 1907
 Max von Coudenhove, 1908–1915
 Adalbert von Widmann, 1915–1918

Abgeordnete
 Liste der Mitglieder im Schlesischen Landtag 1874

Literatur
 Dan Gawrecki: Der schlesische Landtag. In: Adam Wandruszka, Peter Urbanitsch (Hrsg.): Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918. Band 7: Helmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (Hrsg.): Verfassung und Parlamentarismus. Teilband 2: Die regionalen Repräsentativkörperschaften. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2000, ISBN 3-7001-2871-1, S. 2105–2130.
 Landes-Ordnung undLandtags-Wahlordnung für das Herzogthum Schlesien vom 26. Februar 1861 In: Verfassungen des Herzogtums Ober- und Niederschlesien (Tschechische Verfassungen)

Einzelnachweise

Schlesien

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to avoid the previous values in php array overridden by the later ones? How to avoid 34 overridden by 124 in the following PHP code? I just want to keep the 34 and 124 both.
$arr = array(12, 34, "df"=>43, "1"=>124, 65);
$num = count($arr);
reset($arr);
for ($i = 1; $i <= $num; ++$i) {
    echo 'The Current Position:' . key($arr);
    echo '
';
    echo 'The Current Value:'. current($arr);
    next($arr);
    echo '
';
    echo '
';
}

A:
Your array indexing is not valid.

You need to design an array with unique keys, let PHP do the indexing. you can change the index "1" with "one" for unique key.
If you print_r your array then you must see the result like this
Array
(
    [0] => 12
    [1] => 124
    [df] => 43
    [2] => 65
)

So don't make an array with duplicate key, you might loss data.
$arr = array(12, 34, "df" => 43, "one" => 124, 65);
foreach($arr as $key => $val){
    echo $key." - ".$val."
";
}

Result:
key - value
0   - 12
1   - 34
df  - 43
one - 124
2   - 65

A: PHP will always treat all numeric keys as integers even if they are inside string variables or quotes.
The following can make it quite apparent:
<?php

$arr = [1 => 'hi', '2' => 'bye', 'a1' => 'hiha'];

var_export($arr);

The solution is to prefix the values that you don't want indexed as integers with a letter.
Note that mixing indexed and associative arrays indicates a serious lack of organization that you will regret later, if you don't already.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Memories – 1930s and 1940s
Memories – 1950s
Ways of Connecting > Alumni > Memories > Memories – 1960s
Name: Sister Mary (Mary Hope) Glinski (deceased)
School: St. Monica (Mobile, Ala.)
Memory: As I look back on my time at St.Monica's, I realize how very fortunate I was to have been given the opportunity to be taught and mentored by these wonderful, caring women. From 1954 through 1961 I was given what I consider a world class elementary school education which prepared me well for my future. The nuns I mentioned were, along with my parents, the most impactful figures in my early life, they understood how to educate, they demanded your attention, and controlled the classroom, creating an excellent learning environment. Thank You and God Bless Your Order!
Name: Sister James Marie (Therese Kearney, IHM)
Memory: I was really shy as a young girl. Sister James Marie made me feel good about myself and so special. She also gave me another gift, the joy of reading. She had a shelf full of books and would let us pick one out to borrow if we were good, etc. I remember getting so excited about it – I was hooked on books for the rest of my life. The choir was yet another joy- I loved the songs she introduced us to "Oh, the days of the Kerry dancing, oh, the ring of the piper's tune, oh, for one of those hours of gladness, gone alas, like our youth too soon." "I know a green cathedral…" and on and on! I hope she is doing okay!
Submitted by: Debbie (Pryor) Kitchens
Name: Sister Peter Faber (Sister Marilyn Russ, IHM)
School: Holy Redeemer (Detroit)
Memory: Sister Peter Faber was the inspiration for my professional life. I had Sister in my junior year for Algebra II/Trigonometry. Prior to having Sister, I lacked the confidence I needed. I earned my bachelor's degree from U of D in 1973 with a mathematics major! I was a math teacher for many years and eventually I became a principal and finally a director of education services at the county level. I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to Sister Peter Faber. God Bless her and keep her.
Submitted by: Ilene Soroka MacDonald
Name: Sister Judy Dutka, IHM (deceased)
School: SS Peter and Paul (Ionia, Mich.)
Memory – I never had the privilege of having Sister Judy Dutka as a teacher in the formal school setting as I was already out of school when she came to Ionia for her first assignment as an IHM nun at SS. Peter & Paul. She taught my younger sister, brother and (future) sister-in-law and apparently she had a deep impact on them. She returned to Ionia often after she left to teach in the Detroit area and, since she stayed with either my sister or my brother and sister-in-law, her visits usually involved a big family gathering – 6 of us, our parents, and later on, our spouses and children – and there was always great conversation, LOTS of laughter, and often beautiful music. We also enjoyed visiting her in Detroit and attending Tiger baseball games with her. Somehow she became a different kind of "teacher" for me. She taught me about the kind of person I wanted to be and am still struggling to become – kind, compassionate, sincere, strong, joyful, faithful…and it was very evident how much she loved "her kids." She was so very proud of all their accomplishments and she often told us how much she admired them for overcoming so much adversity in their lives. I think she felt that she received as much "education" from them as they received from her. She became part of our family, sang at several family weddings (I even got to sing with her a couple of times), and she planned the liturgy and sang at both my parents' funerals. Last November, my four sisters and I made a trip to Detroit for an Art Fair and took the opportunity to stop and visit her at her apartment on Wyoming Avenue. She was feeling better and was singing with a chorus again – we were so excited to hear that! We had a delightful visit and had lunch with her at a wonderful deli nearby. As usual, there was LOTS of laughter, especially when I locked my keys in the car and she had to call AAA to get someone to unlock it for us! I will miss her joy, her love of life.
Name: Margaret Ann (Jean Frances) Henige, IHM
School: Hall of the Divine Child (Monroe, Mich.)
Memory: I have many fond memories from that year in the eighth grade with Sister Jean Frances and my classmates. Basketball games (home and away), ice-skating on the pond, study, mess hall, our mock presidential elections, movies in the auditorium, bedtime Taps, morning Revelry… we all loved Sister Jean Frances. I remember how she allowed us to adjust our schedule so we could watch the Detroit Tigers win the World Series in '68. We didn't miss a game. Also, the time when she tried to explain her vows to us and we just didn't understand. Now I do. I still have a note from her I keep in my yearbook and I still have my uniform and graduating pendant gift. She played a significant role in my life at a difficult time and I will never forget her and the sweet way about her. God Bless her and for praying for all of us. We needed it. Thank you for everything.
Submitted by: Cadet Nicholas Myers '69
Name: Mother Davidica (deceased)
School: Sacred Heart (Roseville, Mich.)
Memory: Mother Davidica was the principal of Sacred Heart High School my whole four years. She was the heartbeat of the school. She was a disciplinarian, yet she was always ready to laugh. Her influence is shown by alumni naming their children after her. All the IHM Sisters, when they were in their beautiful habits that marked them as Brides of Christ, inspired us with their sacrifice and holiness. All 12 years at Sacred Heart produced me – a traditional Catholic and proud of it.
Submitted by: Mary Compeau
Name: Sister Irene and Sister Rita
School: Our Lady Star of the Sea (Grosse Pointe Woods, MI)
Memory: I had Sister Irene for third grade in 1968 and Sister Rita for fourth grade in 1969. Sister Irene let us watch on the classroom TV the Detroit Tigers play in the World Series during class. For Sister Rita, I remember making a cover for my ruler out of recycled materials as a way to be thrifty and save the environment. She was ahead of her time. For second grade, I had Sister Mary Magdalene. She was the first to recognize I had a talent for writing. Thank you, Sisters!
Submitted by: Patricia Alexander
Name: All IHM Sisters
Memory: The dedicated IHM Sisters at Holy Redeemer had a profound effect on my life. I will always have fond memories of Sister Marie Angela (high school library) Mother Ann Mary, Sister Berchman, Sister Marie Carol, Sister Anne Therese (art), Sister Eucharia and too many to list here. In my senior year, I had the pleasure of knowing Sister Paula and her first year of teaching. She handled the choral class and the senior students in the class of 1968 were a challenge to her, I'm sure. I am saddened to hear the high school closed its doors. I will always be grateful that I was an altar boy through senior year, and was privileged to serve Mass in the good sisters' chapel during the 1960s. God Bless all the IHM Sisters. You will always have my sincere respect!
Submitted by: Gregory Schwartz
Note -These sisters have all passed away. Sister Paula Anne Russell left the IHM 10/7/85 and we have no record of her whereabouts.
Name: Sister Irene Mary (Eugene Mary) Chmielewski, IHM
School: St. Raymond (Detroit)
Memory: What a progressive woman she was! She also had contagious enthusiasm. One day when I was in seventh grade she discreetly pulled me aside from the line when we were changing classes. She so quietly sang the first few lines from the hit movie, Alfie, which was "Hey, there, Georgie Girl, why do all the boys just pass you by? Could it be you just don't try…" As shy as I was, those words stayed with me and helped me to grow into a confident woman, for which I am forever grateful. I often think of her and all of the other nuns that taught me more than academics throughout my eight years there. So much that was taught is with me on a daily basis. What love and devotion can accomplish!
Submitted by: Mary Ellen Strobel
Note: Sister Eugene Mary was Irene Mary Chmielewski, who left the IHM in 1970 and died in 2005.
Name: Sister Janet Sullivan, IHM
School: Annunciation (Detroit)
Memory: I attended Annunciation School in Detroit from first grade until I was in tenth grade when they closed the school in 1967. My family lived directly across the street from school and we spent many, many hours helping out at the convent and school all through the year. I have many wonderful memories and stories from those years but my fondest memories are of Sister Janet Sullivan who was my second grade teacher. She was just so loving, caring, fun and knew how to not only teach us but make us all feel special. She always was joyful and greeted us with a smile. She would help pull our very loose teeth if they bothered us and when it was very hot outside she would get a bucket of cold water and have us put our hands in it just over our wrists to cool us down. It was amazing. Actually I do it to this day and think of her each time. As a second grader you can't really express very well how special someone is to you – but as an adult now – I hope this makes its way to Sister Janet so she knows she is still loved deeply, thought of constantly, and played such an important part in many of our lives. I have told my grandbabies that my favorite grade was second grade and that was because I had such an amazing and special teacher in Sister Janet. God Bless You Sister Janet and thank you for making such a difference to so many.
Submitted by: Brenda Matte Butler
Name: All Sisters
School: St. Rene (Chicago)
Memory: The teachers and IHM Sisters were so filled with joy and engaged in teaching and letting us grow.
Submitted by: Thomas Brady
Name: Sister Marie Sylvia (Leona Mary Sullivan), IHM
School: Gesu Elementary (Detroit)
Memory: Sister Marie Sylvia was my second (and fourth) grade teacher at Gesu Elementary School. I remember has as one of the most influential teachers of the MANY years I have spent in school. She was an excellent teacher, but was also a warm, caring woman one could turn to with problems. I recall a fellow student and I had a long talk with her about our "problem" of talking in class. She compassionately listened to us and helped us develop a plan to solve our "problem." I believe her warmth and ability to listen contributed to my selecting a career as a professional listener and problem solver – a clinical psychologist. Sister Marie Sylvia was one of the best!
Submitted by: Aldona Mikaila Valivonis
Note: Sister Marie Sylvia died July 1994.
Name: Sister Clare Elizabeth
School: St. Cecilia (Detroit)
Memory: St. Cecilia was an excellent place of learning in many ways. St. C's encompassed a holistic approach to education which at the time they probably didn't even know. I grew in my faith, knowledge of self as well as my vocation in life. I am forever grateful to so many of the women who dedicated their lives to serve with the IHM Sisters. They were and are an excellent religious community. My hope is that younger women will see and appreciate the charisma this community holds.
Submitted by: Fr. Marv Knighton
Note: Sister Clare Elizabeth (Elizabeth Catherine Lemmer) taught at St. Cecilia 1965-1969. She died in 1995.
Name: Sister Teresa Avila (Teresa O'Connell, IHM) (deceased)
School: St. Matthew (Flint, Mich.)
Memory: I started St. Matt's in sixth grade in Sister Teresa Avila's class. My first day in class was a disaster as Sister had the boy in front me teach me how to cover my books. His look of disdain in how could I not know how to make book covers remains a joke between two good friends to this day. Our class was a rowdy bunch and Sister Teresa Avila had the pleasure of shaping us in both sixth and seventh grades. Sure we challenged her greatly, but her influence on us carried us forward and think our class made a lot of positive contributions as we grew older based on her influence. Thank you Sister T!!
Submitted by: Jim McCabe
Name: Sister Angela (Marie Benjamin) Hibbard, IHM
School: St. Mary (Lorain, Ohio)
Memory: I remember with much fondness and respect the IHM Sisters I had at St. Mary's from first through 12th grade. Sister Marie Banjamin was my first grade teacher and learning to read was such a joy. I was so excited the first time I read a road sign when riding in a car!
Submitted by: Cecilia Girz
Name: Sister Jane Marie (Marion Shea), IHM
School: St. Regis (Bloomfield Hills, Mich.)
Memory: I came to the school in sixth grade and Sr. Jane Marie was my homeroom teacher in eighth grade. She was firm, fair, loving and just wonderful. I can still see her face in my mind's eye, smiling and encouraging us forward. She could be very strict, but not mean, and I loved her dearly.
Submitted by: Susan Mallory Himrod
Note: Sister Marion Shea died in 2013.
Name: Sister Anna Susan (Marie Bernard) Shubitowski, IHM
School: Girls Catholic Central (Detroit)
Memory: We loved the spirit among the students and the IHM sisters, sharing both faith and fun. I remember one day in Biology with Sr. Marie Bernard: we were supposed to pith live frogs and dissect them. I was asked to move the very large jar from the floor to the lab table, containing frogs that were beginning to awaken and move around. Knowing that we didn't want to kill these poor frogs, at least I didn't want to kill one, I accidentally-on-purpose dropped the jar on the floor, shattering it and thus liberating 20 some frogs. They began to leap all over the classroom, leaving some squeamish girls screaming and jumping on the seats and tables, while the rest of us crawled and ran around the room trying to capture the elusive frogs. Poor Sister was telling us to be careful, all the while trying to sweep up the shards of broken glass to protect us from getting cut. I know I probably shouldn't have done it, but it was hysterical and so much fun. We laughed about it for weeks.
Submitted by: Anne Sochocki
Note: Sister Marie Bernard died in 1986.
Name: Several IHMs
School: Our Lady of the Assumption (Albuquerque, N.M.)
Memory: How fun that OLA/Albuquerque is the Featured School of the Month! I so appreciate ALL that the IHM Sisters taught as well as how these wonderful women gave of themselves. Special memories include: The Valentine bake sales we had each year, a competition between 6th 7th and 8th grade classes to raise the most money for The Missions, and making Valentines for the sisters at the Motherhouse in Monroe, as well as singing in the choir with Sister Marie Gonzaga as the director. I was the secretary of that first student council and had such fun in that first pep club. We attended daily Mass, a practice I once again participate in, now that I am a retired Catholic school teacher. Thank you IHM Sisters! You truly are incredible women who fostered such a wonderful appreciation for the spiritual as well as fostering care and love of neighbor, especially those in need. Sisters I remember the most are Mother/Sister Jane Terese (who passed away in the last year), Sister Marie Gonzaga (Lucienne LeBlanc – deceased), Sister Alameda, Sister Catherine Mary (Zacharias) and Sister Martha Jean (McGarry).
Submitted: Patty Eckert Maguire
Name: Sister Agatha (Eugenia Agnes) Harasimowicz, IHM
School: Immaculata High School (Detroit)
Memory: I was honored when Sister Agatha called when she visited Notre Dame for a semester. She played with my daughter, sat on my couch, and was a regular person! She tried to teach Latin to (what we know now) was a learning-disabled student (me) and was having quite a time. I just couldn't memorize the declensions! Since I truly did study, I found that if you translated the Latin into English using just vocabulary, the paragraph made sense. Caesar was always "bella-ing" somebody. I became the school's national Latin award winner. Sister asked me with a glint in her eye, "Kathy, did you cheat?" I appreciated her.
Submitted by: Kathleen Poirier-Maledon
Note: Sister Agatha died Nov. 28, 1993.
Name: Sister Marie Padua
School: Santa Teresita (Santurce, P.R.)
Memory: Sister Marie Padua inspired me to become a teacher. She was one of the few teachers I ever had that seemed to care about me personally. She was compassionate, understanding, patient, and a good listener. Although math was not my favorite subject, I strived to achieve in her class as I did not want to disappoint her after all she had done for me. She had a significant impact on my life – I vowed I would be there for kids when I became a teacher. I have kept that promise; this is my 41 year in education.
Submitted by: Ines Colom Ragland
School: St. John Vianney (Highland Park, Mich.)
Memory: Sisters Angelora, Doris, Hermes (Cecelia Campbell), Ann Christopher (Jean Booms), and Maria del Rey (Ruth Yachques-O'Neil). Forgive me for the names I have not remembered here. The angels that influenced my very faith as a wee child! They hugged you if you hurt or were crying, taught with such dedication and devotion, protected us, lead us and certainly loved us. Bless all of your hearts! Who could not love Sister Maria del Rey!!! She took students to her parents' home on Harson's Island ice skating. Our family traveled to Mt. Morris, Mich., to visit her after she had been transferred. Maria made me laugh! One day, at the age of about 8, I was running tardy for school and flew in to the hallway. The principal, Sister Hermes, met me. Something was different–her hair was showing! The IHM habit had changed, allowing the sisters to show their hair and her name had changed. She was now Sister Cecelia Campbell.
Submitted by: Kathleen Hogan
Note: Sisters Angelora Foley died 1998 and Doris Henn died 2007. Sister Cecelia Campbell is retired at the Motherhouse; Sister Jean Booms works at our Visitation North facility; and Sister Maria del Rey left the IHM in 1970.
Name: Sister Rose Xavier, IHM (deceased)
School: St. Bede (Southfield, Mich.)
Memory: My name is Brian Jordan & I started at St. Bede's Elementary School the Monday morning after Thanksgiving weekend, 1964. I was assigned to Sister Rose Xavier's 8th grade class. So I was only at the school less than six months before graduating on to Brother Rice High School, Birmingham, Mich. However, even to this day whenever I get together with fellow classmates from St. Bede's, Ann Therese Darin Palmer, Denyse Fox Nishio, John Tracey Tracey, Joe Young, Lou Ciaverella, Dick Furgeson, Ken Calvert, Dave Martin, Dave Kelso, Jim Luehelier, Paul "Buddy" Blaquire, et al, there are always numerous positive comments about Sister Rose Xavier & what an influence she was in and on our lives! Gosh, those were some good ol' times! We hope that she is still alive and, if so, some of us would like to go down to Monroe and see her, if possible!
Submitted by: Brian Jordan
Name: James Marie, IHM
Memory: The Christmas season/music always reminds me of St. Monica's and being in the choir. For someone as timid as I was in those days, Sister James Marie made choir fun and it actally gave a terrified little girl courage, and a little confidence in herself. I think of Sister James Marie often and hope she is well. Merry Christmas!
Submitted by: Sheila (DeSorbo) Yost
Note – Sister James Marie is Sister Therese Kearney, IHM.
Name: (Former) Sister Mariruth (Mary Brian) Ledyard
Memory: Sister Mary Brian ran, shouted, would throw baseballs and footballs with us. Seventh and eighth grades were the best years in grade school. I see her still and thank her for all the knowledge she imparted on us. I use a lot of it still every day.
Submitted by: Jim Carnagie
Name: Sister Helen (Christella) Peatee, IHM (deceased)
School: Academia de Santa Teresita (Santurce, PR)
Memory – Sister Christella was our senior homeroom advisor. We, the Class of 1963, were her last senior class. She was a great teacher. Very warm and patient with her students. I have always treasured my memories of our dear Sister Christella. God Bless her always.
Submitted by: June Mary Jimenez
Name: Sister Mary Bonita, IHM
School: St. Mary (St. Peter Parish) (Mt. Clemens, Mich.)
Memory: As a child walking to school in the cold, dry Michigan winters, I tended to get severe chapped lips. Once, while in the 4th grade, my lower lip cracked severely, almost to the point where I would need a stitch or two. Sister Mary Bonita gave me some St. Joseph's oil and told me to apply it every morning and to pray for healing. I complied, and quickly the crack healed, much to the surprise of my mother. I have never heard of St. Joseph's oil since. God bless the sisters of the IHM.
Submitted by: Thomas Candela
Name: Sister Digna
School: Holy Name (Birmingham, Mich.)
Memory: I went to Holy Name for all eight years of grade school. My favorite teacher, and the one I still believe had the greatest impact on me, was Sister Digna. I think of her frequently and bless and pray for her. I am now an adult educator and she was my role model.
Submitted by: Jennifer Gau
Note: Sister Digna (Elizabeth Therese Pulaski) died 5/2/01.
School: St. Mary (Loraine, Ohio)
Memory: Our graduating class recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. We have many wonderful memories of the sisters who nurtured our faith and helped us to be the responsible adults we have become. I remember Sisters Macrina, Doris, Marie Loretta, Lorraine, Mary Ellen, Helen Marie, Jane Patricia, Christine, Alphonsa and, my favorite, Sister Florian. I can never thank them enough for all they did for me.
Submitted by: Rosemary Lane Schuler
Name: Cecilia (Mary Dalene) Schmidt, IHM
School: St. Peter Claver (Mobile, Ala.)
Memory: Sister Mary Dalene was my favorite teacher.
Submitted: Floyd Sims
Name: All
School: St. Mary (Akron, Ohio)
Memory: My four years at St. Mary's were among the most important in my life. You beautiful souls took a lost girl and helped her see talents and strengths she had no idea she possessed. Although I've left the church, your core values of love, honesty and the value of education have stood me in good stead. Looking back on the past 40+ years, I realize the debt I owe. Thank you for providing me with the tools to live a good life. Your support during a painful adolescence helped me grow a backbone I still rely on. Thank you.
Submitted by: Susan Vegso Korycan
Name: Sister Mary Simeon (Gladys Teresia Marie Krantz), IHM
School: Our Lady of Lourdes (River Rouge, Mich.)
Memory: As very young girls, my friend Michele McCabe and I were the grocery girls for a very special nun named Sr. Mary Simeon. It was an opportunity that would impact the rest of our lives and our family's lives, even some 50 years later. We always felt of her as a living saint. Sister was the most Christ-like person you could ever be around. Years later she and my mother became best friends and spent many wonderful times visiting. Sister would always be ready to pray for and over you if she felt you were in need of anything. My sister Arlene believes she received a healing of a throat tumor when sister placed her hands on her throat as she prayed. This is only one of many blessing my family received over the years. I feel I could write a book about her and of all the blessings she has touched us with. Over the years my family received many letters from her and have saved them in hope somehow they may be useful to others as they are very spiritual and uplifting.
Submitted: Angelia Bodrie
Note: Sister Mary Simeon died March 29, 1991
Name: Sister Marie Stella
School: St. Alphonsus (San Leandro, Calif.)
Memory: I remember Sister teaching us the times tables in fourth grade. She had us racing in orbits around the moon. The first person to reach the moon won something. It was very important for that person to be me. On a Saturday Greg Howe and I said our 12 times-tables. To this day I think he said them so fast he missed some. But his little rocket got to the moon first. I think of that day frequently especially when I try to remember how to multiply 51 years later. Thank you Sister.
Submitted by: Patricia Nachin
Note: Sister Marie Stella Sheehan taught at St. Alphonsus from 1960-68. She died Aug. 1, 1984.
Name: Sister Mary (Coronata) Laubacher, IHM
School: St. Stephen (Port Huron, Mich.)
Memory: Sister Coronata was my mentor, friend, and role model. When I was looking for a summer job after my freshman year of college, she took me on as her school secretary. When I finished college and suddenly had a change of plans and needed a teaching position, she found me one almost overnight. I've always thought of her as my ideal role model for all the years that I taught high school English.
Submitted by: Ann Murray
Name: Sister Mary Ellen (Susellen) Glosser, IHM (deceased)
School: St. Mary Academy (Monroe, Mich.)
Memory: It was my freshman year and first year away from home. Even though I liked it there, I would cry myself to sleep every night because I was so homesick. Every night Sister Susellen would get me out of bed and we would go to the snack room for a talk. She was very consoling, but it didn't seem to help me. One night she came up with just the right words, "My sweet child, it is OK for you to be homesick. You are one of the few girls here that has a home good enough to be homesick for." Well, that did it for me. I finished high school at Marian. Those words from Sister Susellen have gotten me through many "homesick" times.
Submitted: Mary Anne (McHugh) Stiverson
Name: Sister Elma Leonora (Mary Vincent) Corice
School: Holy Cross (Marine City, Mich.)
Memory: For all of my high school career (1956-60), Sister Mary Vincent was the 12th grade home room teacher and taught chemistry, physics, drafting and science. The boys in school had given her the nickname "Big Vince." She had 11 older brothers and had no problem handling boys. She had also learned mechanics from her brothers and was adept at helping boys with their automotive problems. She was much loved and, in earning her nickname, respected by all. Sister was an excellent teacher and easy to approach. In our small school (164 students) she was a universal and pleasant presence. I miss her.
Submitted by: John Kelly
Note: Sister Mary Vincent taught at Holy Cross from 1956-62. She died in 1982.
Name: Sisters Annette, Mary Ives, Maria Pacis, Norita
School: St. John (Benton Harbor, Mich.)
Memory: Thank you to all the wonderful sisters who taught me at St. John's in Benton Harbor, MI, in the 1950s. Thank you to all who taught me at Marygrove College in the 1960s, including, but not limited to Sister Mary Emil, Sister Janice Marie, Sister Amata. Educated, articulate, caring women all. I owe so much of my lifelong love of learning and clear thinking to them and their efforts.
Submitted by: Patrice Gaunder Heeran
Name: Sister Marie Hopkins
School: Marygrove College
Memory: Might sound silly, but I still think of Sister Hopkins a lot. There was something about her that just felt like "home". Just wanted to say "Thanks…you were great." Love Marygrove.
Submitted by: Karen Marsack


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text:
Message by ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa at UNESCAP High-level Dialogue
Video | 22 February 2021
As our economies face an uncertain path to recovery from COVID-19, regional cooperation becomes more important than ever – ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa
Since COVID-19 vaccines are a global public good, we need to mobilize and deploy resources through a multilateral approach, instead of leaving everything to individual countries – ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa
Recovery and continued progress toward inclusive and sustainable growth are within reach, and our friendship and cooperation will ensure that we get there together – ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa
ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa on 18 February delivered a keynote message during ESCAP's High-Level Dialogue themed, "Shaping the Future of Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific." He discussed how ADB is supporting DMCs during the COVID-19 crisis, including through the APVAX, and highlighted three key areas for stronger regional cooperation.
Distinguished colleagues, ladies and gentlemen:
On behalf of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), it is my pleasure to join you today for this important dialogue on Shaping the Future of Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to reverse the region's hard-won development gains.
While uncertainties around the pandemic remain substantial, vaccines offer great promise to reduce the health and economic impact and allow for a faster return to some normalcy in economic and social activity. As our economies face an uncertain path to recovery, regional cooperation becomes more important than ever.
Let me highlight three key areas where stronger regional cooperation is essential to help combat the challenges of the pandemic and build for a lasting recovery.
First, we need stronger regional cooperation to build resilience, especially against health security risks.
Cooperation is essential to improve overall regional health security by strengthening health systems and coordination among national regulators and agencies, ensuring real-time monitoring and exchange of information on emerging outbreaks.
ADB's ongoing Greater Mekong subregion Health Security project has helped improve regional cooperation and communicable disease control in border areas, and strengthened disease surveillance and outbreak response systems of GMS countries.
Ensuring access to safe and effective vaccines for all people, including the poor and the vulnerable, also requires cooperation across countries. Since vaccines are a global public good, we need to mobilize and deploy resources through a multilateral approach, instead of leaving everything to individual countries.
ADB, through its $9 billion new vaccine initiative—the Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility, or APVAX—has been working closely with COVAX, WHO, the World Bank, and other multilateral institutions to deliver safe and effective vaccines fairly and equitably.
Second, we must restore strong trade, deep regional supply chains, and vibrant investment, which have been a major driving force behind the region's rapid growth and economic transformation.
Despite border closures and travel restrictions, I believe economies will reopen and reconnect soon. The signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, or RCEP, in November 2020 signaled our region's commitment to open trade and investment. Building on this renewed commitment, we must ensure that the benefits reach low-income, land- or sea-locked countries; small businesses; and the poor and vulnerable.
To do this, ADB has ramped up its trade and supply chain finance programs. To date, these programs mobilized $5.8 billion and helped many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate in global trade and supply chains, especially during this period of disruption caused by the pandemic.
We also remain committed to better trade facilitation, which includes implementing paperless trade; improving digital trade standards; and supporting capacity-building initiatives.
Third, the pandemic has pushed many economies into fiscal deficits and higher debt.
Because governments will have to eventually restore their fiscal sustainability, we need to strengthen domestic resource mobilization and international tax cooperation. Regional cooperation can address this important need. It can be especially effective in helping to close the tax loopholes that some multinational corporations take advantage of.
The issue has become more challenging, as economies have moved toward increased digitalization because of COVID-19 mobility restrictions.
Large and growing markets, especially in Asia and the Pacific, are increasingly drawing investments from multinational corporations. We need to ensure these corporations pay their fair share of taxes by closing the loopholes.
Last September, ADB established a regional hub for domestic resource mobilization and international tax cooperation. The hub will serve as a platform for countries and development partners to exchange ideas, knowledge, and best practices; and to better coordinate their actions. We plan to officially launch this hub at a high-level regional tax conference this coming May.
Let me conclude by assuring you that ADB stands ready to support all these efforts through stronger regional cooperation, so that we can overcome our common challenges.
Let me also make it clear that ADB will not waver in our commitment to achieving the goals stated in our Strategy 2030, such as tackling climate change; addressing poverty and the worsening income gap; ensuring gender equity; and enhancing environmental sustainability.
We know that recovery and continued progress toward inclusive and sustainable growth are within reach, and that our friendship and cooperation will ensure that we get there together.
Regional cooperation and integration
Shaping the Future of Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific - Masatsugu Asakawa
Video | 12 January 2022
Climatic Episode 3.1: Cooling & Smart Buildings Talk Show
ADB Ventures' Climatic video series has returned with a new series about cooling and smart buildings. Can new technologies meet a skyrocketing global demand for cooling in a sustainable way? Find out on the new episode of Climatic.
DigitalxADB: Building Innovation Ecosystems in Developing Asia and the Pacific
ADB's talk show on "Building Innovation Ecosystems in Developing Asia and the Pacific" features perspectives on the crucial role of startups for economic development – and asks how their growth and that of their ecosystems can be supported.
IED Video, Video | 10 January 2022
Evaluation Guru 4: Program Evaluation
Evaluation Guru, a video series produced by ADB's Independent Evaluation Department aims to enhance evaluation capacities in ADB's member countries. The fourth episode talks about Program Evaluation.
ADBI Video | 6 January 2022
Harnessing Digitalization for Sustainable Economic Development: Insights for Asia
Harnessing Digitalization for Sustainable Economic Development: Insights for Asia describes digitalization's role in raising the productive capacities of economies.


text:
Saskatchewan premier says time to eye shipping grain south in light of backlog
REGINA - Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall says it might be time to look at shipping grain south through the United States instead of east and west to Canadian ports.
Wall made the comments Tuesday while voicing his frustration over a grain backlog that has left a record crop sitting in bins across the Prairies.
"While the U.S. transportation system isn't perfect, they certainly have not had the degree of trouble we've had. There seems to be greater competition, greater capacity to handle," said the premier.
"And so in addition to the option of two providers going east-west, maybe we need to look increasingly at the option of having grain move south and being part of the U.S. system to port, so we can actually serve the markets that are so important to our farmers."
Wall mused about possible incentives from the province for a north-south railroad.
It would help to diversify transportation, he said.
"If this is the new norm ... of the volumes we're seeing and we're going to continue seeing some oil on rail and potash on rail, I just fundamentally think it's time we look at every option and maybe increase the options we have for moving these commodities, not just east and west, as I say, but maybe north and south to a greater degree," said Wall.
Grain-handling companies have told the province that it may be well into 2015 before the backlog is cleared.
Saskatchewan said Monday it wants the federal government to oversee negotiations on performance agreements between grain and rail companies.
Federal legislation allows a government arbitrator to decide if a signed service agreement between a shipping company and a railway has been violated, but most grain handlers don't have such contracts. That means rail companies determine the level of service they're going to provide.
Wall says he raised the issue Monday in a phone call with Prime Minister Stephen Harper.
"I fundamentally believe he understands the urgency of the situation and how every option — including the federal government maybe having to be the bad guy — every option needs to be on the table. Or at least, at the very beginning (Ottawa needs to be) the encourager of these two groups to get together on these agreements and, if need be, the federal government to look at penalties, because it's a serious, serious situation," said Wall.
The Saskatchewan Agriculture Department has said the backlog could result in the loss of billions of dollars.
Canadian National (TSX:CNR) said in an email to The Canadian Press on Monday that it's doing it's best to move the record crop to market.
CN said its goal is return to a more normal level of winter service of 4,000-plus cars per week "as soon as extreme cold temperatures abate." It uses shorter trains during cold weather to ensure brakes can be used properly, which affects shipment capacity.
MORE: cp Politics
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German fund specialist David Groenewold is set to launch the first media fund in Germany since the end of 2005 when changes to the Income Tax Law put an end to the old-style private film funds.
German Film Productions Medienfonds Vierte Beteiligungs KG, or GFP IV for short, is being planned with a volume of $34.9m (Euros 27m) and will focus on the financing of German film and TV productions. The fund can draw on 'first look' relationships in place with such leading German producers as Helmut Dietl and Christian Becker as well as framework agreements with ProSiebenSAT.1 Media AG.
Groenewold's previous three GFP funds were involved in such productions as the ProSieben two-parter The Jesus Video, the box-office hits Der Wixxer and Sebastian Niemann's Hui Buh - The Castle Ghost (Hui Buh - Das Schlossgespenst), the 2006 Berlinale competition film Longing (Sehnsucht) by Valeska Grisebach and Marcus H. Rosenmueller's latest comedy Heavyweights (Schwere Jungs) which is being released by Constantin Film on Jan 18.
GFP was also a partner in the Studio Hamburg production of Florian Baxmeyer's English-language family film The Three Detectives And The Secret of Skeleton Island which was shot on location in South Africa last year.
Groenewold was also active in other areas in the past 12 months: an investment division of the GFP II and GFP III funds acquired a 53.66% shareholding the Munich-based TV/Film producer Odeon Film, and he joined forces with ex-Senator Film executive Benjamin Herrmann to set up the new production and distribution outfit Majestic Film.


text:
[Wathen's formula][1] for calculating one-repetition maximum.

## Example

``` javascript
var wathen = require('wathen');

wathen(100, 10);
// => 134.74669948168537
```

## Installation

``` bash
$ npm install wathen
```

## API

``` javascript
var wathen = require('wathen');
```

### `wathen(weight, reps)`

Given _Number_ `weight` and _Number_ `reps`, returns Wathen's one-repetition
maximum as a _Number_.

   [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-repetition_maximum#Wathen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A flat rate of pension tax relief will be 'economically incoherent'
Bank security: annoying AND useless
Our pension reforms will give everyone a better retirement
John Ralfe
500,000 women deserve a better state pension deal
How the state pension age is changing
Our Q&A explains how much longer you will have to work before you can claim your state pension.
By Emma Simon
10:30AM BST 20 Jun 2011
Q: What are women protesting about?
A: The protest is about the Government's plans to raise the age at which people collect their state pension from 65 to 66 – so making a considerable saving to the public purse.
Q: I thought this was already happening. Aren't we all going to be working until we are 70 anyway?
A: This has been planned for many years, but the Coalition plans to speed up the timetable, so people will retire at 66 in 2020 rather than in 2026. There are also plans to extend the age until 68, but this isn't being accelerated at present.
Q: Why are women particularly badly affected?
No u-turn on women's pensions
Protesting women force Government to rethink rise in state pension age
'How could I foresee such a discriminatory bombshell?'
How women's state pension age will change
Doctors quit gold-plated pensions
Women's pensions: 'These changes are arbitrary and unfair'
A: Until very recently women retired at 60 and men at 65. We are currently in a process of equalising these ages, with the original aim being for these ages to be equalised by 2020. But the Government now plans to bring in much faster changes, which will see women retire at 65 by 2018.
Q: Who is worst hit?
A: Women born between October 1953 and March 1955 will now see their pension age pushed back by more than a year. The exact delay will depend on the month in which they were born. Those who have drawn the short straw are women born between March 6 and April 5 1954, who face a full two-year delay. Under current rules these women would be retiring in March 2018 – now it won't be until March 2020.
Q: What can be done about this?
A: Age UK, the charity, has organised a protest outside Parliament and has delivered a petition to the Government with more than 200,000 signatures. It is hoping for amendments to the Pensions Bill that will slow down these changes.
Q: How likely is this to succeed?
A: The Pensions Bill was due to be debated today, but it has now been delayed. Steve Webb, the pensions minister, said the Government had the opportunity to "reflect" on the planned increases and how they affected women. This certainly raises the possibility of an about turn.
Q: Does this affect the age at which I can take other pensions?
A: No. You can still retire earlier if you have a private pension, or a work-related pension that pays out at an earlier date. However, you won't be able to claim the state pension on top. The "state pension" includes the basic state pension, any additional Serps or State Second Pension you have accrued as well as the pension credit.
Q: Why can't women simply work longer? Men have to
A: As Saga and Age UK point out, there are men who, by the accident of their birthday, now have to work an extra year before getting their pension. But some women are facing delays of twice this. In addition men have been given seven-year notice of the change to their state pension age. Women are receiving only six years' notice of a longer delay. Women are also typically far more reliant on the state pension, as a significant proportion (40pc) don't have any private pensions to fall back on.
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