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The surveillance laws in India: After the WhatsApp breach, what should the way forward be
Home/IAS Videos/The surveillance laws in India: After the WhatsApp breach, what should the way forward be
Is surveillance of this kind illegal in India?
How broad are the laws regarding legal surveillance?
What are the rules for carrying out surveillance in India?
What about the Supreme Court verdict on privacy?
GS paper 3 (Social Media Networks & Internal Security)
The above article has been retrieved from: Jayant Sriram. ( 2019, November , 20). What are the surveillance laws in India?. The Hindu. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-are-the-surveillance-laws-in-india/article29993602.ece
What is the context about?
On October 30, many publications reported that phones of several dozen Indian journalists, lawyers and human rights activists had been compromised using an invasive Israeli-developed malware called Pegasus.
Messaging platform WhatsApp, through which the malware was disseminated, has reported that 121 individuals were targeted in India alone.
A lawsuit was filed against Israeli cyberintelligence firm NSO by WhatsApp and its parent company Facebook in a U.S. court in California on October 29, accusing it of using their messaging platform to despatch Pegasus for surveillance to approximately 1,400 mobile phones and devices worldwide.
Yes. First, it's important to explain that there are legal routes to surveillance that can be conducted by the government.
The laws governing this are the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, which deals with interception of calls and the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, which deals with interception of data. Under both laws, only the government, under certain circumstances, is permitted to conduct surveillance, and not private actors.
Moreover, hacking is expressly prohibited under the IT Act. Section 43 and Section 66 of the IT Act cover the civil and criminal offences of data theft and hacking respectively. Section 66B covers punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication. The punishment includes imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years.
The framework for understanding the checks and balances built into these laws dates back to 1996. In 1996, the Supreme Court noted that there was a lack of procedural safeguards in the Indian Telegraph Act.
It laid down some guidelines that were later codified into rules in 2007. This included a specific rule that orders on interceptions of communication should only be issued by the Secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
These rules were partly reflected in the IT (Procedures and Safeguards for Interception, Monitoring and Decryption of Information) Rules framed in 2009 under the IT Act.
The rules state that only the competent authority can issue an order for the interception, monitoring or decryption of any information generated, transmitted, received or stored in any computer resource (mobile phones would count). The competent authority is once again the Union Home Secretary or State Secretaries in charge of the Home Departments.
In December 2018, the Central government created a furore when it authorised 10 Central agencies to conduct surveillance.
In the face of criticism that it was building a 'surveillance state', the government countered that it was building upon the rules laid down in 2009 and the agencies would still need approval from a competent authority, usually the Union Home Secretary. The 2018 action of the Union government has been challenged in the Supreme Court.
By IAS Videos.com|2019-11-22T00:21:18+05:30November 22nd, 2019|Categories: IAS Videos|Tags: Civil-Services-Exam, Current-Affairs, daily current affairs, Daily news analysis, online coaching for ias|0 Comments
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Overjobbed and Underworked
A job does not make you, but the work you do will last many lifetimes.
Posted on June 1, 2020 June 1, 2020 by jamilah
Why now…
The police are the same way… They put their club upside your head, and then turn around and accuse you of attacking them. Every case of police brutality against a Negro follows the same pattern. They attack you, bust you all upside your mouth, and then take you to court and charge you with assault. What kind of democracy is that??!!
-Malcolm X
You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.
The way they pull you over it's suspicious
Yeah, for something that just ain't your fault
If you complain they're gonna get vicious
Kick you in the teeth and charge you with assault
Yeah, but I can see the chickens coming home to roost
Young people everywhere are gonna cook their goose
Lots of kids are working to get rid of these blues
'Cause everybody's sick of the American ruse
-MC5
i have been (slowly) working on several blog entries before this one; however, i wanted this particular subject to have its own entry.
i've been receiving several calls, texts and e mails, concerned about me in the midst of all of the uprisings going on. When people ask me (in general) how i am doing, my answer tends to be, "i am doing the best i can in the midst of capitalism." When people are asking if i am okay in the midst of the uprisings, my response is, "i am never going to be okay as long as capitalism is alive." Both responses are variations of the same subject: capitalism is the root cause of any struggles in existence for the masses. HOW the masses respond is crucial.
i am open in saying that i support the global uprisings happening. That said, as organized as the system of capitalism is, guarantee that it's 200 steps ahead of those who are out in the streets. It's a system based on exploitation, inequity and inhumanity, and it continues to develop, based on technological and informational advances. We must remember that the only constant is change. Humans are increasingly beginning to recognize the illusions presented to them about a system (many centuries old) based on their exploitation. The only response is going to be to rise up against the illusions. As it should be. This is why it is crucial to have an organized a response to the illusions.
This morning I woke up in a curfew;
O God, I was a prisoner, too – yeah!
Could not recognize the faces standing over me;
They were all dressed in uniforms of brutality. Eh!
-Burnin' And Lootin', The Wailers
Dealing with the condition itself is not enough. And it is because of our effort toward getting straight to the root that people ofttimes think that we're dealing in hate.
We are oppressed! We are exploited! We are downtrodden! We are denied- not only civil rights, but even human rights. So the only way we're going to get some of this oppression and exploitation away from us or aside from us is come together against the common enemy.
-Malcolm X (May 20, 1962, after the murder of Ronald Stokes by the police)
i do not watch videos of police violence upon our bodies…. Just as i did not watch the torture and murder of Muammar Ghaddafi. Capitalism replays these videos over and over again (via news programs and social media) to keep us in a loop of trauma. We stay in this loop feeling tired and helpless, asking 'What do we do? They keep killing us!' We continue to protest every time it happens, and the cycle continues. History will always inform us of the solution. Political education will inform us of the reasons.
The story will always be the same: the police decide to be the judge, jury and executioner when it comes to the lives of African, Indigenous, poor and other marginalized communities. A man (George Floyd) was murdered for allegedly making a purchase with a counterfeit $20. Only under capitalism is someone 'deserving' of physical death because of something a cashier could have marked and refused, if the bill was actually counterfeit. Having been a cashier at one point in my life i can tell you that counterfeit bills get detected once in a while. Not once have i or any of my coworkers felt an urge to phone the cops when the marker emits brown or black ink, as opposed to the yellowish ink that signifies a 'proper' bill. We just told people that the bill was counterfeit, and asked if they had another bill to replace it.
As Mr. Floyd was still directly outside of the store, the co-owner (Mahmoud Abumayyaleh) or cashier who interacted with him could have mentioned the bill was counterfeit. It's highly likely he was not aware, which does happen. The cashier calling the cops (which is store protocol at Cup Foods, apparently) is not the focus though, nor should it be. A man is gone at the hands of the police, while Bernard Lawrence Madoff still gets to walk, despite participating in one of the largest Ponzi schemes in the world.
There's a slight irony in the whole current situation: kneeling historically has been known to represent some sort of deference, in a religious or cultural sense. In more recent times it primarily represents protest. When Colin Kaepernick publicly 'took a knee' in protest of police terrorism upon African people, it was a division among ideological and political lines. These lines are STILL occurring. As well-meaning as people who support (the intention of) the protests are, the request for the masses to 'not meet violence with violence' is still upholding property over people… Or in the words of MLK, these are the people who say "'I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action'; (people) who paternalistically believe(s) he can set the timetable for another man's freedom." The point of mass protests SHOULD be to disrupt capitalism.
The white liberal must rid himself of the notion that there can be a tensionless transition from the old order of injustice to the new order of justice…. The Negro has not gained a single right in America without persistent pressure and agitation….
Nonviolent coercion always brings tension to the surface. This tension, however, must not be seen as destructive. There is a kind of tension that is both healthy and necessary for growth. Society needs nonviolent gadflies to bring its tensions into the open and force its citizens to confront the ugliness of their prejudices and the tragedy of their racism.
It is important for the liberal to see that the oppressed person who agitates for his rights is not the creator of tension. He merely brings out the hidden tension that is already alive. Last Summer when we had our open housing marches in Chicago, many of our white liberal friends cried out in horror and dismay: "You are creating hatred and hostility in the white communities in which you are marching, You are only developing a white backlash." I could never understand that logic. They failed to realize that the hatred and the hostilities were already latently or subconsciously present. Our marches merely brought them to the surface….
– Martin Luther King Jr. (Where Do We Go from Here – Chaos or Community?)
And I came to see that so many people who supported morally and even financially what we were doing in Birmingham and Selma, were really outraged against the extremist behavior of Bull Connor and Jim Clark toward Negroes, rather than believing in genuine equality for Negroes. And I think this is what we've got to see now, and this is what makes the struggle much more difficult.
And this leads me to say something about another discussion that we hear a great deal, and that is the so-called "white backlash." I would like to honestly say to you that the white backlash is merely a new name for an old phenomenon. It's not something that just came into being because of shouts of Black Power or because Negroes engaged in riots in Watts, for instance. The fact is that the state of California voted a fair housing bill out of existence before anybody shouted Black Power or before anybody rioted in Watts.
It may well be that shouts of Black Power and riots in Watts and the Harlems and the other areas are the consequences of the white backlash rather than the cause.
What it is necessary to see is that there has never been a single solid monistic determined commitment on the part of the vast majority of white Americans on the whole question of Civil Rights and on the whole question of racial equality. This is something that truth impels all men of good will to admit.
Let me say as I've always said and I will always continue to say that riots are socially destructive and self-defeating. I'm still convinced that nonviolence is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for freedom and justice. I feel that violence will only create more social problems than they will solve. That in a real sense it is impractical for the Negro to even think of mounting a violent revolution in the United States. So I will continue to condemn riots and continue to say to my brothers and sisters that this is not the way. And continue to affirm that there is another way… But at the same time, it is as necessary for me to be as vigorous in condemning the conditions which cause persons to feel that they must engage in riotous activities as it is for me to condemn riots. I think America must see that riots do not develop out of thin air. Certain conditions continue to exist in our society which must be condemned as vigorously as we condemn riots. But in the final analysis, a riot is the language of the unheard.
And what is it that America has failed to hear? It has failed to hear that the plight of the Negro poor has worsened over the last few years. It has failed to hear that the promises of freedom and justice have not been met. And it has failed to hear that large segments of white society are more concerned about tranquility and the status quo than about justice, equality and humanity.
And so in a real sense our nation's summers of riots are caused by our nation's winters of delay. And as long as America postpones justice, we stand in the position of having these recurrences of violence and riots over and over again. Social justice and progress are the absolute guarantors of riot prevention.
– Martin Luther King Jr. (The Other America, April 14, 1967)
Derek Chauvin is but one individual. He 'took a knee' (and took an African's life) in honor of all the cops who could not. To singularly focus on and protest the case of George Floyd/Breonna Taylor/etc.'s murder (and to focus only on police terrorism at all) is still going to present MORE Chauvins. The increase in uprisings is going to produce policies which will enact mild reforms in order to squelch ongoing mass dissent, and people will see it as a 'step forward' amidst increases of an even larger surveillance state and national militaristic strategies. After all, Chauvin was arrested and charged (of course only with 3rd degree murder– a rare 'feat', as cops are rarely arrested and charged). Then there's this:
Remember that capitalism is 200 steps ahead. You cannot 'take a knee' in honor of someone who was murdered by the very system you remain silent about every other day. This is the organized deception it's crucial to look out for. If police are supposed to be seen as 'protectors' or upholders of the law, wouldn't that tell you the laws don't serve the interests of the people? If cops are supposed to be so beneficial, why are they globally viewed as the enemy by workers and peasants? Why would it suddenly be accepted that their being in the streets marching and 'taking a knee' serves as anything other than to divert attention?
(David Shankbone / Flickr)
The role of the police is to protect private property and prevent mass uprisings– there is no other way around it. There is no such thing as a 'good cop,' or a 'bad/good apple.' You make a conscious decision to put on the uniform or badge, you make the decision to protect capitalism. These cops people claim are good usually remain silent in response to state-sanctioned violence. There are 'nice individuals' who happen to be cops. These 'nice' people are still employed to be the enemies of the people. However, this is not what i am addressing. A focus on individuals is a distraction from addressing the system in which policing is founded. Though police are working-class individuals, they make the decision every single day to work against the best interests of the people. There are people with good intentions who sign up to be a cop in order to 'change things from the inside…' We see every day how this turns out. You CANNOT reform a system which is based on the system of violence against the bodies of marginalized and oppressed peoples. You cannot reform a system which assures that class inequities are upheld.
Let's not get it twisted- humans in the U.S. still fall under 'private property.' Humans are still enslaved- i mean, McGraw Hill knows what's up. Capitalism had to evolve as well, based on the fact that humans constantly revolt against their subjugation. Capitalist governments don't introduce human rights laws based on some moral compass. Mass uprisings occurred in response to the exploitation of child labor, of the 12+ hour work day… So labor laws and the 8-hour day was established as a means to satiate that desire for job/life balance. However, because capitalism be capitalismin' costs of living have increased, yet wages have not. The masses still have to have jobs in order to cover basic material needs. Educational institutions under capitalism function in the same way: education is said to be 'the great equalizer,' and yet schools are funded in accordance to map location. Schools are defunded and funded according to students' test scores, ignoring the class inequities which contribute to the results of the scores. Teachers who come in dehumanizing African and poor students are the ones scoring the tests and papers. The school to prison pipeline is a reality many students face; and under capitalism, the role of an educational institution is to prepare you to never question authority, and to continue to unquestioningly 'clock in and clock out.'
The day i write this piece (May 31, 2020) is the 10th 'commemoration' of the murder by the Israeli military of unarmed peace activists on the Mavi Marmara, one of the six 'Gaza Freedom Flotilla' ships. It is crucial to recognize that police terrorism is interconnected- it can never be observed myopically. If policing falls in line with upholding and perpetuating capitalist interests we should never make the mistake of thinking it happens in a bubble, or just to our singular communities. The links (two out of many are here and here) between Israel and the U.S. police are nothing to ignore. It would behoove those who don't recognize that the Palestinian struggle for land and self-determination is not separate for the African fight for liberation and self-determination (and land!!!) to also study why this is the case.
Exhibits A, B, C and D:
Life in occupied Palestine- courtesy of muslim.daily
Sanctions occur in both the U.S. and outside of it. In the course of this current pandemic, we see how sanctions (on Zimbabwe, Iran, Venezuela, Syria and more) have prevented medical, food and other supplies from reaching the people. Sanctions exist for marginalized and colonized communities in the U.S., via educational, medical, housing, food, electrical, sanitation, and economic inequities. The government places drugs in a community (or looks the other way in the face of a natural disaster), waits for said community to be 'uninhabitable' to realtors (who don't have an income if they don't sell or fill up 'property'); then developers come in and contribute to pricing out longtime residents. Gentrification is the localized version of an imperialist takeover.
From the Negro Seaman's Act to the current wave of curfews, African bodies in the U.S. (and the world) have always been policed, so as to curtail uprisings. And as usual, executives and the bourgeoisie are doubly running scared, as their 'way of life' is being disrupted- first, due to the pandemic, secondly due to the uprisings. There are now many calls to read books about 'racism in America'; there's feigned concerns for the voices of African employees. If the CNN headquarters were not targeted, would this response happen? How about this one from Amazon- the same union-busting company that sells facial recognition software to the very police who contribute to that "inequitable and brutal treatment of (African) people"?
The bourgeoisie is also singling out the current administration's reaction to Mr. Floyd's murder (and the uprisings which have ensued), as if Donald Trump is the only U.S. president to support a system of white supremacy. One of the many arbitors of white supremacist policies, Joseph Biden, is calling for a "restraint" from violence in the uprisings, as he and other neoliberal politicians remain silent amidst the violence of Zionism, the violence of the prison industrial complex, and the violence of capitalism in and of itself. Not only is Biden playing up the sympathy in relation to the state-sanctioned violence upon African people for political gain, it's clear from the myopic outrage based on one statement out of the wholly condescending interview with Charlemagne (who has his own problematic histories with colorism, misogynoir, assault jokes and more), that people are actually not aware of his political history. As Margaret Kimberley wrote in 2017, "It is an error to be swept up in useless argument about whether the current president is a white supremacist without also discussing the racist underpinnings of American society."
"In 1956, I shall not go to the polls. I have not registered. I believe that democracy has so far disappeared in the United States that no 'two evils' exist. There is but one evil party with two names, and it will be elected despite all I can do or say."
– W.E.B. DuBois
He was not or never had been in favor
Of letting us vote so u c…
Abraham Lincoln was a racist who said
"U cannot escape from history"
-Prince Rogers Nelson
Kimberley, author of Prejudential: Black America And The Presidents, also wrote:
"We had a white supremacist nation even when the president was black. Barack Obama was indeed the more effective evil. He is now proving it by doing what former presidents always do. He is lining his pockets giving speeches to the banksters who stole what little wealth black people had managed to earn. But he had better manners than the erratic and, yes, bigoted Donald Trump and he went out of his way to make nice even as he worked to enhance the neo-liberal and imperialist projects.
Obama never prosecuted killer cops or thieving bank executives. He destroyed Libya, Africa's most prosperous nation. But white racists still hated him and he benefited from their animus. They gave him the Teflon coating that Trump can only dream about."
Keep Ms. Kimberley's words in mind when reading Obama's statement regarding the murder of George Floyd- the same Obama who has supported and funded increased militarization of the police during his administration. Capitalism understands that people are reactionary. Capitalism understands that we are conditioned to resist the intense study of these policies, which are an exacerbation of past ones. Capitalism understands that if you put in a president that's so bad, you'll forget that the last one was just as bad. This is also the same Obama who represented MLK's concerns about 'white liberals' dictating how Africans should protest:
"As a general rule, I think that what, for example, Black Lives Matter is doing now to bring attention to the problem of a criminal justice system that sometimes is not treating people fairly based on race, or reacting to shootings of individuals by police officers, has been really effective in bringing attention to problems… One of the things I caution young people about, though, that I don't think is effective is once you've highlighted an issue and brought it to people's attention and shined a spotlight, and elected officials or people who are in a position to start bringing about change are ready to sit down with you, then you can't just keep on yelling at them,"
Has any true victory of the people been won by compromising with an immoral capitalist power structure?
i'll wait.
As the focus is on Trump's description of protesters as 'thugs,' lest we forget, Obama also called those who rose up in Baltimore "criminals" and "thugs." He actually stopped himself from completing the word 'protesters' to do it. He also utilized similar pathologies framed by Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
While Obama, Trump and many others give negative connotations to 'looting' (when it comes to mass protest); people generally ignore that the very foundation of the U.S. is looting.
A racial analysis cannot be had without a class analysis, and vice versa. The refusal of unionized bus drivers (most recently in NYC and Minneapolis) to assist police in transporting protesters is nothing new, however it is a major example of why an intersectional analysis cannot be ignored. The reason why Africans continue to be recipients of state violence in ways which are holdovers from legalized 'classical' enslavement is because the forced labor as we've been conditioned to know it is no longer 'acceptable'. However, capitalism and the exploitation and subjugation of African bodies (all over the world) never ceased. We're not dying fast enough for them collectively, partly due to the so-called 'Emancipation proclamation' (signed by white supremacist Abraham Lincoln). Hence, there are a disproportionate number of Africans in jails and prisons for non-violent offenses; unarmed Africans are affected by no-knock raids and gunned down by police without question; economic sanctions prevail in the hood, and and people continue to act as if the Moynihan Report (which ultimately looks as if Biden has worshiped at the feet of it) is some bearer of truth about the African family structure.
Long rap about no knock bein' legislated
For the people you've always hated
In this hell hole that you, we, call home
No knock, the man will say
To keep that man from beating his wife
To protect people from themselves
No knockin', head-rockin', inter-shockin'
Shootin', cussin', killin', cryin', lyin'
And bein' white
No knock
No knocked on my brother Fred Hampton
Bullet holes all over the place
No knocked on my brother Michael Harris
And jammed a shotgun against his skull
– Gil Scott-Heron
Who's watching the watcher?
Tell me who's keeping an eye
On those who claim to be keepers
Sitting safe with their view from the sky
Who is watching their morals
Tell me who says they're okay
Oh, won't you tell me who is gonna protect us
When it's a watchman's holiday
– Nona Hendryx/LaBelle
But I thrive to survive, I pray to God to stay alive
My attitude boils inside
And that ain't it, you think I'll every quit
Still I pray to get my hands around
The neck of the man wit' the whip
3 months pass, they brand a label on my ass
To signify, owned
I'm on the microphone
Sayin' 1555, how I'm livin'
We been livin' here
Livin' ain't the word
I been givin'
Haven't got
Classify us in the have-nots
Fightin' haves
'Cause it's all about money
– Public Enemy, Can't Truss It
There are many Africans (in particular) who have been dreading having 'the talk' with their children. The 'talk' has had many iterations: the doll test/colorism, draconian drug laws, police terrorism… While it's crucial to speak with children about these matters as a means to prepare them for the world that sees them as less than sentient; one thing that's missing from the conversation is the why. It's not enough to tell a child to 'pull your pants up, always keep your hands up, never raise your voice,' or all of these other means of respectability just to survive. Is a society which sees us as less than human, and only as a means to siphon labor from something to be respected? People eventually get tired, and they will fight back.
And make no mistake- capitalism will use this as another opportunity to profit off of trauma. Families get torn apart, and it will be played 24/7 on news cycles. It honestly would not be surprising if the protests are being encouraged/accepted as a means of increasing the spread of SARS CoV-2/Covid-19 (especially among African communities) and stating this spread as the reason to extend lockdowns/curfews… but with even MORE surveillance. Facial recognition technology has already been developed to deal with the wearing of masks.
When the masses resist, capitalism has already planned the response. It needs to for its survival.
(Photo: Quinn Dombrowski/Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0))
"Time is on the side of the oppressed today, it's against the oppressor. Truth is on the side of the oppressed today, it's against the oppressor. You don't need anything else."
― Malcolm X
We call their names, in remembrance and in protest:
Aiyana-Stanley Jones
Atatiana Jefferson
Tamir Rice
Bobby Hutton
Eleanor Bumpers
John Crawford III
Finan Berhe
Amadou Diallo
Abner Louima (who lived to tell the story)
Miriam Carey
Eric Garner
Amílcar Cabral
Robert Sobukwe
El Hajj Malik El Shabazz
Yvette Smith
Tanisha Anderson
Sean Bell
All MOVE organizers
Laquan McDonald
Leonard Peltier
And the millions more, named and unnamed
We call on the names of those who did not physically survive terror upon our collective bodies, minds and spirits… We call on the names of those who have been targeted, tortured and assassinated under the system of U.S. and European imperialism. But it's not enough to speak their names. How will we HONOR their names?
There's only one solution.
All of the concerned calls, texts and e mails i'm getting are very nice; however, the system has been the same towards African and other colonized and marginalized peoples in all of the 42 years i've been on this earth. If one is concerned for me as a result of what is currently happening, there can only be one response. It may not be the answer people want right now, but it is the answer people need. JOIN AN ORGANIZATION WORKING TOWARDS JUSTICE AND LIBERATION!!!
CategoriesUncategorized Tagsart, commentary, grieving, jobs, life, pandemic, protests, words, writing
2 Replies to "Why now…"
Jester J says:
i love that you came with receipts which serves a recipe and antidote against the perpetual enemy of capitalism! this really exited me to utilize the tools we do have. to study history. to not be surprised by the tricks that's been played many fold. thank you, dearest sister for always doing the work and showing through research! you always inspire me to go further! marching forward!
jamilah says:
My dear brother… Indeed, the perpetual enemy of capitalism is the masses rising up and organizing! This is why the police are out here, on camera not caring that they're seen committing terror, violence and murder to anyone they can get their hands on. Forward ever, backwards, never!!!
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I'm going to teach you wood burning without an official wood burning tool.
Remember we are working with hot tools be careful and don't be stupid.
Take your stencil and trace the design on to the wood.
Using the soldering iron follow the design you traced on the wood.
I love this method of wood burning using a soldering iron because most people already have one so a new tool is not required.
Ooo nice use of tools, I love a mutli tasker or finding new ways to use old tools. Looks like it works really well as wood burner. Awesome idea! Welcome to instructables!


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Eddie Hall weight loss: Strongman reveals 'saving grace' cardio exercise used to shed fat
in: Health & Fitness, Lifestyle
Eddie Hall is the former World's Strongest Man, who is best known for his record-holding 500kg deadlift in 2016. After announcing his retirement from the competition, the 31-year-old decided to trim-up – ditching the carbs and switching his high-calorie diet for something lighter. Since then, Eddie, from Stoke-on-Trent, has lost more than six stone in weight and has admitted the same cardio exercise that kept him out of trouble as a kid, also helped him shed the pounds later life.
The Beast detailed during his book: "Strongman: My Story" how he was expelled from school for fighting, alongside several other misdemeanours.
However, thanks to his mum being a swimming instructor, and some encouragement from his two older brothers, Eddie found himself in the water.
He wrote in 2017: "Fortunately there was one final saving grace that took up just enough spare time to keep me out of the correction centres.
"It's something I became obsessed with for a while and am still good at to this day, although given the size of me you might not think so.
"That something is swimming and for a while, I was the country's brightest young hopes.
"As well as setting records, here, there and everywhere and winning loads of gold medals, I was tipped as being a future Olympian."
Eddie picked up gold medals in the 50, 100, 400 and 1500 Freestyle during national competitions by aged 13, before he discovered weightlifting.
However, he explained how the winning mentality engrained from swimming became key.
He added: "According to [my] mum, I first started swimming back in 1990 on one of our treasured holidays to Portugal.
"I don't think it was natural ability that enabled me to stay afloat, although that did come into effect later on.
"What's more significant to this present day, and in particular becoming a strongman, is that I managed to do it all on my own.
"Working things out from myself and that self-contained attitude was as important to me as a kid as it is today."
Eddie recently revealed to Express.co.uk how he is using swimming, alongside boxing and cycling to burn fat.
He said back in March: "What I do now is I've thrown in a couple of boxing sessions a week.
"I do a land-based training session, I do a swimming session, and then I bought a push-bike as well so I'm doing a lot of cycling.
"I've probably piled on about five or six hours a week in cardio on top of my weight training.
"I've got a six pack and I'm quite happy to stay at this, until I get a bit older [in his late 40s and 50s] when maybe I'll have to reduce the weight a little bit more."
Tags:cardioeddiegracerevealssavingstrongmanweight
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produced. The swing generates electricity while being used only.
energy that is given away in playing. The actual project work includes a scale down working model of electricity generator that is built to approximate size of 3 feet high and having base 2*1.5 feet. The project model develops 1.5 volt sufficient enough according to the model size. In actual 1:1 scale proportion the project is needed to develop 18 volt.
Can be installed at places such as schools, playgrounds where wherein mass transit of children is sighted e.g. hotels, fairs etc.
I NEED SOME MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS HOW CAN I GET THAT?
« Cocubes Sample Question Paper for Mechanical Engineering.


text:
Q: Getting error: "is not a valid XPath expression." when trying to reference a field within service now I am trying to use Selenium/Webdriver and Python to automatically fill a form and was successful with all fields but one. I have a feeling it's because it is inside of a div container and I don't know how to specify something inside the container. I am trying to change the value "Blank".
This is what inspect element shows for the form field (highlighted)
The error line is from here:
assignmentGroup = web.find_element_by_xpath('//*div[@class="input-group ref-container"]//sys_display.sc_req_item.assignment_group')

I have also tried doing the full xpath (copied from chrome) like this:
assignmentGroup = web.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[2]/form/span[1]/span/div[5]/div[1]/div[2]/div[7]/div[2]/div[2]/input')

and like this, with and without the last *@id part:
assignmentGroup = web.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="col-xs-10 col-sm-9 col-md-6 col-lg-5 form-field input_controls"]//div[@class="input-group ref-container"]//*[@id="sys_display.sc_req_item.assignment_group"]')

Which gets me this from CLI- Message: no such element: Unable to locate element:>xpath here<
Last, I tried getting whatever attribute was in this box, just to see if I can locate it.
assignmentGroupAttribute = web.find_element_by_css_selector("div.input-group.ref-container").get_attribute('sys_display.sc_req_item.assignment_group')

My 8 hours of experience in Python/HTML/CSS may not be enough for me to figure this out.. Any thoughts?

A: I think you are making it more complicated than it needs to be. The input element you have highlighted has an id tag, try grabbing it by that
assignmentGroup = web.find_element_by_id("sys_display.sc_req_item.assignment_group")

Rule of thumb is to always search for ID or Name first, those are usually the most reliable.  If those aren't available you can go into Xpath or CSS Selector

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home :: WMD :: Library :: News :: Taiwan :: 2020 :: January ::
President Tsai appoints new Chief of the General Staff
ROC Central News Agency
Taipei, Jan. 15 (CNA) President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) appointed Commander of the Republic of China (ROC) Navy Admiral Huang Shu-kuang (黃曙光) to the post of Chief of the General Staff Wednesday.
Huang will succeed Shen Yi-ming (沈一鳴), who was killed in a Jan. 2 military helicopter crash, effective Jan. 16, the Ministry of National Defense (MND) said in a statement that day.
Following Huang's appointment, his previous post will be taken by Deputy Chief of General Staff Admiral Liu Chih-pin (劉志斌), who has been acting Chief of the General Staff since the crash, the MND said.
Meanwhile, Lt. Gen. Hsu Yen-pu (徐衍璞) will take the post left vacant by Liu as Deputy Chief of General Staff and be promoted to the rank of three-star general. He will be the first three-star general of indigenous descent.
On the morning of Jan. 2, a UH-60M Black Hawk helicopter carrying Shen and twelve others went down in a mountainous area of Wulai District, New Taipei, killing eight of the thirteen people on board.
The chopper was on its way to a base in Dong'ao, Yilan County for a pre-Lunar New Year inspection.
Huang, who headed the Tsai administration's Indigenous Defense Submarine project, is a member of the Republic of China Naval Academy Class of 1979 and graduated from the Command and Staff Course and Strategic Command Course at National Defense University in 1992 and 2001 respectively.
He previously served as head of the Office of the Deputy Chief of the General Staff for Operations and Planning, Navy 168th fleet Commander, Chief of Staff of the Navy Command Headquarters, head of the Office of the Deputy Chief of the General Staff for Logistics, and in several other key posts.
(By Matt Yu and Emerson Lim)
Enditem/AW


Coverting existing webdesign fully to CSS.
Contest voting booth now open.
Created basic alphabetical index pages for all users.
Stories page now automatically displaying most recent story posts.
User info and session handler completed. Front page and art sections now automagically check adult status and block inappropriate images.
Obscured email addesses on forum user pages.
The front page is now dynamic! It is now showing previews of the 8 most recent art attachments.
Updated phpBB from 2.0.17 to 2.0.21. Manually resolved a half dozen of the patches.
Created a CSS version of the macro green style. Implemented it's use in the core of the art and users pages.
All machine users moved to their own subdomains. Redirects for the old locations loaded and verified.
Started processing all attachments for thumbnails. This is ground work for user pages.
Split art page into sections by forum.
Altered the Art page to be a real-time preview of art attachments with thumbnails.
Updated links page. It's been way too long.
For the first time since the move to Rackforce and thanks to some simple script hacking in MRTG, Network monitoring was restarted.
Purchased account with RackFoce.net. For the first time since 1997, macrophile.com is hosted in a colocation facility and not on private property. Bandwidth is increased, as should be uptime and reliability.
Discussion boards were moved to their own URL (http://forums.macrophile.com/) to make things a little neater. The CVS tree was altered to retain historic work in the code.
At user request, the account 'wolfmech' has been removed.
The new BB System is up for folks. Logo provided by Lisa Sample. Thanks for working on such short notice.
The final tan portion of the site. The macro-sign image was remove.
As of today, the macrostat has been ported over to a newer single CGI. Macrostat represents the second oldest code that I still have in production back from when I was teaching myself perl. Cleaned up massively. Now I can FINALLY make improvements.
The code section's cvsweb.cgi has been updated to the new source location.
Statistics page updated to read from the new line.
Lots of background changes. Over the past week, the codebase has slowly been updated and manipulated in preparation for refactoring. The BB now has the right copyright year too.
Updated the links page to be dynamic from the user data. Also deleted all of the dead links. Next step will be to set up a submission process and to categorize. Whee!
Slowly getting the Code section prepared for curious folks to read about. Also doing some work on the story engine.
Ferris is added as a user.
The story section now matches the rest of the site. Now all I have to do is make it so folks can log in and post and edit their own stories.
Loaded up a Discussion button for the discussion board.
I created a change script that allows me to input these chunks of information into the change log with ease. I have half a mind to release the code that runs macrophile into general use.
A story forum was created within the discussion board.
Major site redesign. We now have a new color scheme (that was NOT taken from Duncan_roo) as well as a major revisions of the underlying code for the site. Seph was added. So were discussion boards and a visual index to the FTP. Busy.
Fixed the 'new script' to point all new FTP selections into the HTML interface to the FTP server.
The "I Luv you" virus hit the machine. Pine told me "I Luv you." I told Pine "I Luv you, Pine." and happily deleted the mail without incident.
Put the whole thing into a CVS archive. Of course, checking the CVS archive back out made the enteire site look new so the 'new script' thinks everything is new.
Been a long time? Fixed up the user list and brought on board Teaselbone.
Stats engine shows Cerine strongly in the lead. Only about a dozen folks did a recursive get of the web equivelent of FTP.
FTP problems. Many users are constantly sucking the entire site. 15 simultaneous recursive FTP gets (in addition to to the machine processes) would clog the line and overload the CPU. Had to limit the FTP server to 5 entries. Eventually I got a better dataline, better CPU, and linked the FTP section into the web.
Small updates here and there. The userlist is now a cron job, makes it faster. The copyright statement now reflects the correct year.
Updated the 'new' script to run it as a regular cron job and speed up the section. Oh yeah, it also scans the FTP section. At user requestes, the script merely points to the users' pages instead of specific files that have changed.
Added alt tags to the buttons. Whoops. How did I miss that?
Sure hope you didn't see those files that shouldn't have been shown in that script.
We're switching to NT! Yeah, right. For an April Fool maybe. I have users to serve.
New Record daily transfer! 25,507 access comprising 522 Megabytes of material.
Updated the woefully outdated links page.
Created the new.cgi that automatically identifies files altered or created in the last week. Need to add the FTP section.
Tinker, tinker on Macro stat.
Cleaned up art page to show artist web pages.
Preliminary work on a stat-generating program for the hits on this web site. Already the log since february has more than 400,000 entries.
Dynamic userlist created and fine-tuned. Randomizer code for front page tuned as well (14 lines to 2).
Connection records exceede a quarter of a million seperate FTP transfers.
Temporary site in place. Artist accounts created.


text:
openpolitics.com
ted nelson
In fun-house mirrors of Trump White House, disarray can look like victory
President Trump's week ended with the sudden departure of a speechwriter who had been accused of brutally attacking his wife, the president's defense of another staffer who allegedly assaulted two ex-wives
.. The president learned at a very early age that what humiliates, damages, even destroys others can actually strengthen his image and therefore his bottom line.
.. The White House lets it be known that Kelly is in the doghouse. Yet the president himself goes out of his way to speak publicly in defense of the ousted aide, without so much as a nod toward what the women have suffered.
1) Always double down on your position.
Trump has regularly argued in favor of men on his side who've been accused of bad behavior against women, whether that was
Senate candidate Roy Moore of Alabama;
Fox News figures Roger Ailes and Bill O'Reilly; last week's case du jour,
Rob Porter; or
Trump himself. He weathered the "Access Hollywood" tape that many of his aides thought would sink his campaign, and he successfully batted away
allegations from more than a dozen women that he was guilty of sexual misconduct toward them.
Saturday morning, the president tripled down. "Peoples lives are being shattered and destroyed by a mere allegation," he tweeted. "There is no recovery for someone falsely accused — life and career are gone. Is there no such thing any longer as Due Process?"
2) The president must always be the focus of attention. Aides who get too big for their britches won't be around for long.
.. Whether or not Kelly leaves, he has been knocked down several notches, especially in the public's view. He's been shown who's boss, in case he had harbored any doubts.
Trump, contrary to the caricature he fostered on his reality TV show, "The Apprentice," rarely excommunicates close aides forever. They almost all remain in his orbit even if he has publicly humiliated them or sent them off for a long vacation.
.. But they must always learn that those who attempt to grab some of the limelight will be dealt with.
.. When erstwhile chief strategist Stephen K. Bannon made the cover of Time — for Trump still a vital marker of making it big, even as the magazine's influence has severely waned — he was done for, at least for now.
.. He learned in the 1970s from his mentor Roy Cohn that when you face criticism, justified or not, "you tell them to go to hell and fight the thing," as Cohn said.
.. Trump instead leaned hard on the accelerator, ratcheting up his rhetoric, pressing for a convention lineup that doubled down on appealing to his base — Willie Robertson of "Duck Dynasty," the chief of Ultimate Fighting Championship, music by Southern, white classic rock acts.
.. In the 1980s, Trump not only didn't push back when tabloid newspapers turned the collapse of his first marriage into a daily soap opera; Trump actively participated in the scripting of the drama, calling gossip writers, dishing out salacious morsels almost by the hour.
.. "The show is Trump," he said then, "and it is sold-out performances everywhere."
.. Trump had discovered in painting oneself as the rich celebrity ordinary Americans aspire to be.
Obama called it "the unfounded optimism of the average American — 'I may not be Donald Trump now, but just you wait; if I don't make it, my children will.' "
.. he recognized that bad behavior and the notoriety it generated didn't undermine that image. For many people, it actually enhanced it.
.. visionary business leaders succeed "because they are narcissists who devote their talent with unrelenting focus to achieving their dreams, even if it's sometimes at the expense of those around them."
Source: www.washingtonpost.com
Tags: access-hollywood-tape, appeal-to-your-base, at-others-expense, attention-seeking, barak-obama, bill-oreilly, domestic-abuse, domestic-assault, double-down, drama, due-process, enhance, falsely-accused, fighting-back, in-the-doghouse, john-kelly, narcissism, notoriety, overlook-victim, rob-porter, roger-ailes, roy-cohn, roy-moore, salacious, sexual-misconduct, speechwriter, sympathize-with-perpetrator, unfounded-optimism, unrelenting
Commentary: I study liars. I've never seen one like Donald Trump.
The real reason Donald Trump lies
Joint Session of Congress for Counting of Electoral College Ballots
How will Trump's Mar-a-Lago-neighbors enforce the 1993 covenant that he cannot stay more than 21 days a year and 7 consecutive days when he has spent 130 days during his presidency and it is registered as his permanent Florida address?
What would the mob of 1/6/2021 in Washington DC have to have done in order for the coup attempt to be successful? Or was there never a chance?
Was the 2020 Election Stolen?
Did Philadelphia Use Dominion Voting Machines in the 2020 Election?
Donald Trump & Joe Biden 1st Presidential Debate 2020 (Transcript)
President Trump's "Peaceful Transfer of Power" "Bluff"
Naked Quotations
US could have a digital currency in 12-18 months.
Investment Portfolios: Diversification Strategies
What will Democrats have to pay Trump to leave?
Why Did Corporations "Waste their Capital"?
Why did corporations borrow to buy back their stock rather than invest it for productive purposes?
Tim Langeman © 2021 · Genesis Framework · WordPress · Log in


The success of any public-private partnership (PPP) project in a country is largely dependent on the country's maturity on critical success factors (CSFs) that made PPP projects successful. Thus, identification of metrics and standards for measuring the maturity of stakeholder organisations on CSFs for PPP projects implementation remains a challenge. Though studies on CSFs for PPP projects abound, approaches of using CSFs to develop PPP process maturity received scarce attention. Against this backdrop, this research becomes imperative to create efficient and transparent operational strategies with a view to using CSFs to develop process maturity for stakeholder organisations in PPP projects in Nigeria.
Data for the research were obtained through mixed methods approach namely: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires were administered on five different stakeholder organisations comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, and agencies), concessionaires, local lenders/banks, consultants, and contractors involved in different PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, the qualitative approach was conducted through an expert forum and six PPP infrastructure project case studies in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The expert forum was constituted to refine and verify the conceptual framework developed. Also, structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders in the six PPP infrastructure project case studies in the study area.
The research identified fourteen CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful in Nigeria. These CSFs were employed for capability maturity levels definition ranging from level 1(Ad hoc) to level 5(Optimising) in accordance to Capability Maturity Model (CMM) concept. This led to the development of stakeholder organisations capability enhancement framework (SOCEF) in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework was validated by PPP experts to ensure it is comprehensive, objective, practical, replicable, reliable, and suitable for use in Nigeria. Thus, a quantitative assessment tool was developed with the framework in assessing the current capability maturity levels of stakeholder organisations involved in PPP infrastructure projects on fourteen CSFs identified in this research. The findings revealed that public sector organisations were between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs applicable to them. The majority of the private sector organisations were in maturity level 2 on CSFs associated with them. It is established in this research that Nigeria's maturity is between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful.
The findings emanated from this research provided both the theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge. The theoretical contributions include the methodology for developing capability maturity levels in PPPs, new insights into the usefulness of CSFs in PPP projects, and contributed to the wider body of knowledge of process improvement in the construction industry at large. The practical contributions are the capability level definitions and enhancement framework for PPP practice, and the specific CSFs for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework developed in this research had provided the benchmark for the identification of methodical approach and standard to process improvement in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It is believed that the framework would provide a useful guide and roadmaps for improvement by indicating 'what' needs to be done by stakeholder organisations involved in PPP projects in achieving higher capability maturity levels on identified CSFs for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. Thus, the framework could be used to benchmark future studies.


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text:
Tag Archives: New York Daily News
A New Round of Special Elections
Michigan Rep. John Conyers (Facebook)
Dec. 8, 2017 — Last week, it was erroneously reported in the New York Daily News and several other publications and tweets that embattled Michigan Rep. John Conyers (D-Detroit) had announced he would not seek re-election next year, but the story proved premature.
Congress' most senior member actually took things a step further on Tuesday. Not only will he not seek another term in office, but the Dean of the House, and the only member originally elected in the 1960s, resigned his seat effective immediately. The sexual harassment allegations that seem to be growing by the day, in the end, proved too much for Conyers to contain and remain in office.
The congressman's mid-term departure after more than 53 years in office will lead to a new special election for Michigan's 13th District, a seat fully contained in Wayne County that encompasses a large portion of the city of Detroit, including part of the downtown area. The district then swings south to include the River Rouge and Midtown communities before swerving west to annex Brightmoor, Warrendale, Westland, and Romulus, the latter town being adjacent to the Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County airport. The majority black district is 55 percent African American and 38 percent Anglo. No other race or ethnicity tops 10 percent of the district population.
Posted in Election Analysis, House, Special ELection and tagged Gov. John Kasich, Gov. Rick Snyder, Ian Conyers, Jim Ellis, John Conyers III, Michigan, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, New York Daily News, OH-12, Ohio, PA-18, Pennsylvania, Rep. Ben Ray Lujan, Rep. Joe Barton, Rep. John Conyers, Rep. Mike Conaway, Rep. Pat Tiberi, Rep. Ruben Kihuen, Rep. Tim Murphy, sexual harassment allegations, Texas on December 8, 2017 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment


Love was definitely in the air today when Heart Research UK visited Caravan Guard! Representatives from the national charity called into our offices to collect the latest Paperless Policies donation.
The Paperless Policy initiative sees us donate £1 every time a customer chooses to have their insurance documents sent by email.
Set up in 2009, the initiative has exceeded exception year-on-year and has now raised a huge £22,943 for the Leeds-based charity.
(L-R) Heart Research UK Lifestyle Officer, Katharine Greathead and Income Development Manager, Brian Curran accept the cheque from Caravan Guard Director Sally Wilby, Contact Centre Team Manager Ruth Boyle and Head of Development Neil Menzies.
After surpassing 2013's target, we're hopeful that the best of Paperless Policies is yet to come!


• At press time, the Texas Supreme Court delivered an eagerly anticipated but mixed ruling on school finance: It upheld state District Judge John Dietz's 2004 ruling that the state property tax cap is an unconstitutional statewide property tax, but disagreed with his opinions that school spending is both inadequate and inequitable. See "Beyond City Limits."
• Austin Police Officer Julie Schroeder was fired Friday for the June 9 shooting of drug suspect Daniel Rocha. Austin's police union immediately blasted the decision and called for Chief Stan Knee's resignation. See "Schroeder Fired for Rocha Shooting."
• Union negotiations: Austin's firefighters approved their first-ever collective-bargaining contract, making them the highest paid in the state; meanwhile, Capital Metro's bus drivers had no such success but are scheduled to resume negotiations on Monday. See "Naked City," below.
• The City Council approved zoning changes that will allow the proposed Spring condominium tower to reach more than 350 feet into the sky, to the delight of downtown advocates and to the chagrin of some central city neighborhood activists. See "Beside the Point."
• Mayor Will Wynn has suggested delaying the May bond vote to allow more work on structuring the bonds, especially as they might relate to the under-construction State Highway 130. See "Council Notes: Stack and Shuffle."
• Along the same lines, Envision Central Texas hosted an SH 130 summit on Saturday, with more than 500 civic leaders and planners on hand to discuss development along the corridor. See "Beyond City Limits."
• In the early afternoon of Friday, Nov. 18, voting ended on the Austin firefighters union contract, the first ever created through collective bargaining on the part of the union with the city. Nearly three-fourths of union members voted, casting their ballots 91% in favor of the contract. The agreement seeks to bump the pay of all firefighters, but especially focuses on bringing the union's lowest-paid members up. All firefighters receive a 5.5% across-the-board raise in the last two years of the contract. The three-year contract makes Austin's firefighters the highest paid in Texas. Collective bargaining was only allowed after Austin voters approved a proposition last year permitting it; negotiations, however, were oftentimes less than cordial, as the city sought to rein in costs. With the contract now complete, many speculate that Austin Association of Professional Firefighters President Mike Martinez will focus his energies on running for the Place 2 council seat to be vacated by Raul Alvarez. – W.D.
• At press time, the Texas Supreme Court issued its long-awaited verdict on school finance. The 7-1 ruling found Texas' property-tax-dependent form of finance unconstitutional, but upheld three other aspects of the system, including its funding, as adequate. The ruling struck down the $1.50 ceiling on property tax, saying it effectively creates an unconstitutional statewide property tax since many cash-strapped districts have no choice but to levy the maximum rate. The court gave the Legislature a June 1 deadline to fix the finance system. The Supremes stopped short, however, of agreeing with the decision from Judge John Dietz, appealed by the state in bringing the case to the Supreme Court, that school funding is "woefully inadequate." "Public school financing does not yet violate the 'general diffusion of knowledge' mandate," the decision states, though it does acknowledge that the current school financing system has the potential to violate the mandate if left unchecked. Two other challenges to the finance system – efficiency and sustainability – were also deemed constitutional. On efficiency, the decision disagreed with Dietz's assessment of disparity between richer and poorer school districts, stating "efficiency requires only substantially equal access to revenue for facilities necessary for an adequate system." The sustainability argument said the possibility for improving on the finance system does not "render the present system unsuitable for adequately and efficiently providing a public education." The decision allows for the continuation of Texas' "Robin Hood" system of recapture, where richer districts (including Austin) share with poorer districts. The ruling is a mixed bag for both educators and the Republican lawmakers they wrestled with during three legislative sessions this year devoted to school finance. "Today's ruling is mostly a victory for public education. The Supreme Court has provided important guidance to the governor and the Legislature as they work to adequately and fairly fund public education," said Scott McCown, director of the pro-educator Center for Public Policy Priorities, in a press release. – W.D.
• Unless state Sen. Ken Armbrister makes good on persistent rumors that he won't seek re-election next year, the Victoria Democrat could face Republican opposition in the 2006 general election. Armbrister last fended off a GOP hopeful in 2002. Still, it's a wonder why a GOP candidate would challenge the veteran lawmaker; he's frequently mistaken for a Republican in view of his penchant for Austin-bashing and his conservative voting record. Then again, Armbrister represents a Republican-heavy district, which includes a chunk of Fort Bend County, Tom DeLay's stomping grounds. Regardless of whether Armbrister runs for another term, Richmond businessman and rancher Gary Gates appears to be the early Republican favorite for the seat. According to his campaign Web site, Gates favors less government, fewer taxes, property appraisal caps, and individual liberty. Hard to say how he will differentiate himself from Armbrister if the two square off in 2006. -- A.S.
• "Hey, has anyone seen two vials of radioactive material anywhere?" asked the Texas Department of State Health Services last Thursday. The vials went missing during a shipment from Albuquerque to Kilgore earlier this month. According to DSHS, the vials, containing antimony-124, a radioactive material used in the oil and gas industry, were packed in protective lead shields labeled "radioactive" inside a World War II-era green metal ammunition box, which was being transported inside a radiation-labeled drum. The drum arrived in Kilgore, but the ammo box and vials were missing. DSHS officials are asking anyone who sees the green ammo box to contact local police or fire departments, or call DSHS at 458-7460. "Do not touch the box or the vials, and stay at least 10 feet away from them," Robert Free with the department's radiation control program warned. He said the items should not pose a threat to the public at large, but emphasized that sustained close exposure would be dangerous. The shipping route included stops in Abilene, Austin, Dallas, and Tyler. ProTechnics, the company shipping the vials, is offering a $1,000 reward for information leading to their recovery. – D.M.
• The cost of hurricanes Katrina and Rita to state and local governments could be up to $2.7 billion, Texas homeland security chief Steve McCraw told the Senate Finance Committee at a hearing in Beaumont last week. Texas, hailed for its generosity in the face of the devastation of Katrina, still faces plenty of unanswered questions, including how FEMA is going to handle the end of temporary assistance for housing, which is slated to run out Dec. 1 unless an extension is granted (see p.22). At the hearing, FEMA's Dennis Lee said the difficulty over housing stipends is the bumpy transition from temporary to permanent housing, which is funded under separate federal programs. On other fronts, the state's education agency has yet to see an education funding bill passed for Katrina, and damage from Rita could mean some East Texas school districts will have to make post-holiday job cuts if students fail to return to school. And, last but not least, the Health and Human Services Commission still does not know how many evacuees will be staying in Texas and how many may become permanently enrolled on the state's Medicaid and CHIP rolls. Too poor for insurance and too wealthy for Medicaid, many may end up being the responsibility of local counties, which often serve as the health care "safety net" for the uninsured. – K.R.
• No surprise here, but Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst announced Thursday that he'll run for re-election next year. The Houston millionaire and former state land commissioner is expected to coast to a second term without serious competition. He won the lieutenant governor's post in 2002 with 52% of the vote in a tough race against Democrat John Sharp, who now oversees a tax reform commission. Dewhurst was considered the Republican voice of reason during the Legislature's failed attempts to pass a school finance bill this year. -- A.S.
• In hopes of ending what it called "the perverse competitive advantage currently enjoyed by violators" of state pollution laws, Texas Public Interest Research Group, along with 10 other groups, submitted comments to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in support of revisions to its penalty policy. They quote a state Auditor's Office finding that the TCEQ "does not consistently ensure that violators are held accountable." – D.M.
• In hopes of ending what it called "the perverse competitive advantage currently enjoyed by violators" of state pollution laws, Texas Public Interest Research Group, along with 10 other community, environmental, and religious groups, submitted comments to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in support of revisions to its penalty policy, part of the ongoing review of the agency's overall enforcement program. Referenced in the comments is a 2003 state Auditor's Office report on permitting and enforcement functions at the TCEQ, which said the commission "does not consistently ensure that violators are held accountable." The TexPIRG-led group argues that "the assessment of sufficiently high penalties against violators is one of the best and most effective tools we have as a state to deter lawbreakers, encourage compliance, and improve environmental quality. With few violations resulting in fines and with fines often assessed lower than the economic benefit derived by ignoring the law, polluters have incentives to break the law over and over again. Weak enforcement thus encourages pollution, deprives the state of critical revenue, and puts law-abiding businesses at a competitive disadvantage." – D.M.
David Ruiz, the Texas prison inmate whose name became synonymous with state prison reform, died Nov. 12 at the TDCJ hospital in Galveston.
Green Mountain blames regulatory and market obstacles for its woes, but critics cite lack of investment in clean energy.
Republican Party of Texas cuts deal with Travis County on corporate money charges.
Federal grand jury in Denver indicts little bro of fugitive polygamist FLDS "prophet."
Former House Appropriations Committee chair added to short list of Lottery Commissioner finalists.
The Feds and Mounties whisk a medi-pot patient from his Vancouver hospital bed and into jail.


Home LLP & Limited Partnerships UK LLP Partnership and Nominee Members Who are Designated Members?
Who are the designated members of an LLP? How many designated members an LLP needs to have? When a limited liability partnership is formed, the members are the people named on the incorporation document; these are the owners and investors of the business. The mutual rights and duties of the members of a limited liability partnership are governed by the limited liability partnership agreement or by law.
Every member is the agent of the limited liability partnership and the partnership is bound by anything done by a member on its behalf, unless the member had no authority to act in that capacity on behalf of the limited liability partnership, or if the person with whom the member is dealing knows that the member had no authority to act or had no knowledge of his or her membership of the limited liability partnership.
Designated members are accountable in law for failing to carry out these legal responsibilities.
A shadow member is a member on whose orders, supervisions and directions the other members are accustomed to undertaking. An individual solely providing professional service & advice is unlikely to be treated as a shadow member. A shadow member often acts behind the scenes, which may be because there is a reason why they cannot be formally appointed or named to public.
In this case, we, be nominated as the nominee members, are not the shadow members; the shadow member is the beneficiary owner of a limited liability partnership, who giving us instructions and directions what we should do on his behalf.


As the team lead for the Digital Experience UI team, you will have responsibility for building business solutions aligned with the EIS digital strategy. This role will be critical in implementing and establishing digital capabilities across EIS Group's transactional core insurance platform(s).
You will be the lead "hands-on" architect for the EIS UI platform. You will use your deep experience to further architect, develop and lead the UI architecture and components to support EIS product and platform. Additionally, you will provide architectural guidance and review the UI architecture, code and artifacts and direct the team into providing clean code and architecture.
8+ years of professional experience as a software developer with a greater focus on UI and front-end architecture.


For your pumping projects, HYDROMOBIL sas offers innovative water pumping solutions by introducing mobility. This technology allows adaptation to fluctuating water levels to capture the optimal water quality (water surface, specific immersion or specific depth).
We are engaged in manufacturing of structures, installation, commissioning and after sales service of pumping stations.


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Second Listen Sunday Review : Alexander O'Neal, Alexander O'Neal
Minneapolis-based soul singer Alexander O'Neal burst onto the scene in 1985 with a self-titled debut that would make him a household name. However, as die-hard music fans know, O'Neal was supposed to make his debut earlier.
According to Jimmy Jam, In 1980/1981, O'Neal (along with fellow members of the band Flyte Tyme) met with Prince and Morris Day at Perkins restaurant in Minneapolis to discuss forming a band that would be called The Time that would be signing to Prince under the Warner Bros. label. After a disagreement with Prince, O'Neal was no longer the lead singer and was replaced by Morris Day.
Fate had other plans for O'Neal, and on March 8th, 1985, music fans were treated to Alexander's smooth vocals set to the Minneapolis sound. "Innocent" was the first single released in support of the project. O'Neal linked up with this friend's Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for a club-ready track that could easily fit on an album by The Time.
Cherrelle performed the song's distinctive backing vocals. The song's time was edited for release as a single, with the album version being a medley consisting of "Innocent"/"Alex 9000″/"Innocent II," and was just over six minutes long. However, the second single, "If You Were Here Tonight," takes the cake for me.
If you've read my previous writing, you know that I was a DJ while I lived in Europe. I learned the power of this song while Djing at a Pub one night, and the crowd went crazy. The song had the writing talents and production skills of Monte Moir, who graced O'Neal with a ballad about lost love that still holds up today. Moir also provides O'Neal with two strong albums in the ballads "Do You Wanna Like I Do" and "Look at Us Now."
"A Broken Heart Can Mend" was the album's third single where O'Neal reunited with Jam & Lewis for a mellow groove. The hits kept on coming with another Jam & Lewis single in the form of "What's Missing" and "You Were Meant to Be My Lady (Not My Girl), which serves as the last two singles.
O'Neal would have other hits songs throughout the eighties. However, there is denying that his debut is the singer at his best. With only seven songs, O'Neal solidified the adage less is more.
Alexander O'Neal is available on all streaming platforms.


If you're anything like me you may or may not have the gumption to go on the christmas card offensive via mass-mailing, but with these classy Frenchie thank you cards I'm armed and ready to send a thank you note that will render any pre-holiday faux-pas all but forgotten.
And the good stuff just keeps on coming! Vandalia Street Press, "Where Letterpress is Betterpress," brings the quality and keen eye for design necessary to back up its slogan. Husband and wife duo, Fred and Kim- the humans behind this St. Paul, Minnesotta-based printshop, have a striking ability to pull off clever (often canine-based) concepts while maintaining the minimalistic style that makes letterpress what it is.
Be sure not to miss the cone collar get well card, which will cheer any ailing dog-lover!
lovers of paper and type.


This post is the 1st in a series of posts detailing my struggle with chronic back pain and my journey to the path of Iyengar Yoga.
Growing up, I was by no means what you would call athletic. I enjoyed reading, writing, and artsy stuff. I loved learning and was a good student. In high school I philosophized everything under the sun, including 'small' questions like the meaning of life and the purpose of my existence. I also loved camping and hiking and developed a strong bond with nature. It was in contemplating the complex relationship between human kind and nature that eventually led me to pursue an undergraduate degree in Environment & Resource Management at the University of Toronto.
In time, I realized that although pristine wilderness was breathtakingly beautiful, it was the urban environment that most intrigued me. How could cities become more sustainable? What is a sustainable city? What is community? Why is community important? I engaged the issues from many perspectives – as an academic (Encouraging Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Toronto), a community activist (Friends of the Don East), an artist (The Billboard Project), a professional consultant (Contextualizing the Community Walkability Audit Tool), and an engaged citizen involved in public processes (City of Toronto Pedestrian Committee), to name a few examples.
As I got further entrenched in the issues and also in the politics of the discipline, I developed a frustration with the fact that for the most part, the major tool at my disposal was policy development. In the 2 years post graduation, I had been involved in numerous policy documents, many of which, despite their strengths, would do nothing but sit on the shelf. This dissatisfaction coincided with a new role I had taken on as the Coordinator of Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, which introduced me to the world of design. I was instantaneously taken by the satisfaction that came from designing and building something through to fruition. As I set my sights on developing this new skill set, I quickly became aware of a distinct need for policy and planner type professionals who not only appreciated the value and power of design, but who could also speak the same language as the designers. This was exactly what I wanted to do, and as far as I was concerned there was no better place to pursue this field of study than UC Berkeley's College of Environmental Design.
In late 1999, I was on a ski vacation with my family in Switzerland. I had only been skiing once or twice before, so I was very much a beginner. One morning, I took a lesson and then did some skiing in the afternoon. I remember thinking that the skis were really awkward. I felt like walking and moving in my skis was way harder than it should've been, but I chalked it up to being a novice. The next day, I went on a hike. It was beautiful and I remember enjoying it immensely. Then, the next day, my life was forever changed. I awoke in agony. I could not stand up straight and was experiencing severe back pain. It was surreal. I truthfully don't remember much else about that trip, but somehow my parents managed to get me back home in one piece. Once I was home, my focus became getting myself out of pain. Pretty much everything else went on hold. I went for MRIs, x-rays, physiotherapy, acupuncture, swimming, and saw a whole suite of doctors. Eventually I was diagnosed with 2 severely herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and a slight scoliosis. The diagnosis may have been relatively straight forward, but treatment on the other hand, was far from it. Back pain is one of those things. Although it's extremely common, there are several possible causes for back pain, and the true source of the pain can be challenging at best, and impossible at worst, to identify. Needless to say, I explored non-invasive treatment options with diligence. I was only 23 years old, surely I could avoid surgery, or so I hoped.
This was no ordinary kind of pain. This was all-consuming, constant, no-relief, extreme pain. I had pain in my low back. My hips pained me. I had terrible nerve pain which radiated down my left leg to the top of my foot. I went to sleep in pain, I woke up in pain. Day after day, week after week. It was worse first thing in the morning and clearly aggravated by extended periods of sitting, standing, and walking. However, after a couple of months of a strict rehab regime, I began to see minor improvement. The intensity of the pain had subsided somewhat, despite still being constant. The only way I could experience actual respite was if I took pain medication, which of course, I tried to do minimally.
My new normal consisted of planning my day around how I'd be feeling. I regularly anticipated how much sitting and walking I would need to do, and strategically conserved my energy for the things that I thought were most important. Socializing tended to be low priority, while work was high priority. I factored short rests and exercise breaks into my day, but I tried hard to maintain a semblance of normalcy. Because everything is much more difficult when you are in pain, by the time I had survived the work day, I had little energy left for much else. I often felt that it was my love of the work that would get me through the day, kind of like an adrenaline rush, because once I got home and put my feet up, I'd realize that I was actually in agonizing pain. That said, somewhere around now, I applied to graduate schools. I figured, at the very least, it was something to look forward to.
I chugged along with my rehab and when the good news came, I had been accepted to UC Berkeley's Department of City & Regional Planning, I convinced myself that I was well enough to go. In September of 2001, I moved to California. I brought my exercise ball, a portable chair seat that transformed any non-ergonomic seat into an ergonomic one, and my meds. At this point, I was taking pain medication daily. It was an important part of my pain management strategy. In addition to daily rehab, the aim of which was to 'make me better', the medication took the edge off the pain just enough to allow me to have that semblance of normalcy in my life. Without the medication, I think the pain would have drained the spirit right out of me.
So now…I'm at Berkeley. Like I was saying earlier, UC Berkeley was an extraordinary experience. I was continuously amazed by the people I was surrounded by and 100% motivated to soak up as much knowledge as possible. To me, the subject matter was fascinating and I was completely enthralled. The program was 2 years and during the 2 years I kept up with my exercises but I was also spending many, many hours sitting over a drafting table and computer, as well as a significant amount of time walking around doing site visits, collecting data, and taking photographs. Needless to say, my back pain got progressively worse. By the time graduation came, I was barely able to hold it together. The pain was so bad, I had trouble taking care of myself. My husband (then boyfriend) had to come to my rescue. He came out to be with me for the last few weeks so that I didn't need to do anything other than graduate. He took care of me – he did the cooking, the cleaning…all of the life stuff. At graduation, although I could barely stay standing for the ceremony, I was honoured with 2 prestigious awards – the Eisner Prize for Creative Arts in Urban Design for my thesis work, and the faculty nominated Professional Promise Award. While I was certainly proud of my accomplishments, the irony of being awarded a 'professional promise' award given the state I was in, was not lost on me. My husband and my parents packed up all my stuff and got me back home to Toronto. I had survived Berkeley. Now, I needed to put myself back together again.
I'm already inspired by the first post!
Love hearing your story Stephanie. If you would like to read mine, here is a link. It was written a few years ago so much has changed since then. Maybe it is time for an update.


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Q: How can we calculate the norm of gradients on each client side in TensorFlow federated (TFF)? for round_num in range(1,500):
selected_clients = np.random.choice(train_dataset.client_ids, size=1)
print("client_slected", selected_clients)
federated_data = make_federated_data(train_dataset, selected_clients)

state, tff_metrics = iterative_process.next(state, federated_data)

here it selects randomly one client. But I need to store the norm of gradients on each client side before averaging.


In one of the most touching and amazing presentations this fashion month, Donatella Versace paid tribute to her talented brother. Even 20 years after his tragic death, Gianni Versace is still one of the biggest names in the fashion industry. This time, Donatella decided to celebrate his work and bring back to life his most iconic designs.
"I finally found the courage to really go to the archives and pay tribute to Gianni. In one show you can't really touch on everything Gianni did. Gianni was joy, he was happiness, full of life; and these prints were a big part of his personality,'- Donatella explained before the show.
Donatella based the Spring 2018 collection on the most iconic moments from Gianni's design history. She took the courage to peek at her brother's archives and reinvent his biggest collections. Versace was mostly focused on the period from 1991 to 1995 when Gianni reached his career peak and presented out-of-this-world designs.
The upgraded pieces from Spring 2018 are based on ten influential collections by the late fashion giant: Icons, Warhol, My Friend Elton, Tresor de la Mer, Vogue, Animalia, Baroque, Metal Mesh, Butterflies and Native Americans. All Donatella did, was borrow the vibrant prints and made a new collection that is the dream of every modern lady.
The designs weren't just replicas of Gianni's work. On the contrary, Donatella only used the basics and gave a strong feminine touch to the figures. Gianni's iconic prints were used from head to toes in most of the looks. You could still see the baroque leggings, the faces of Marilyn Monroe and James Dean on tight catsuits and a hint of soft pastels. Gianni did athleisure way before it was a thing, so that is why the collection featured elements of street style with delicate elegance and glamour.
And if you were wondering who would score the best runway moment during the Milan Fashion Week, wonder no more. Donatella surpassed every huge show opening and closing so far. The designer repeated history by gathering "The Supers' at one place and letting them close the show right next to her. In a dimmed lightning the curtains went up and the greatest models of all time showed up on the runway. Claudia Schiffer, Carla Bruni, Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford and Helena Christensen appeared in gold lame gowns and started walking while George Michael's "Freedom' was playing. What an amazing way to honor the great memory of Gianni and to remind everyone how grandiose his impact is in today's fashion.


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NAME: Lida
COUNTY: Esmeralda
CLIMATE: Warm summers, pleasant to raw in winter with snow.
BEST TIME TO VISIT: Anytime. COMMENTS: Many homes still occupied.
REMAINS: Standing and occupied dwellings. Weathered and picturesque outbuildings.
Lida enjoyed two boom periods. Like nearby Palmetto, Lida was first founded in the late 1860's, an outgrowth of the Aurora boom. It boomed again in the first decade of the 20th century, it being rejuvenated during the Tonopah / Goldfield boom. Mexican and Indian prospectors were working small claims in the Lida region and in nearby Tule Canyon prior to 1867, when American prospectors organized a district. The townsite of Lida was laid out in 1872 and began to gather all the trappings of an outpost town. On March 17, 1873, the United States Postal Service authorized a post office to be opened, but confusion over state boundaries in this isolated region had placed the office in Inyo County, California. This was recognized and corrected the next month, and the office was thereafter operated as Lida, Nevada beginning April 31, 1873. A good road was developed north into Silver Peak, all freight and merchandise coming through there from Wadsworth on the railroad in northern Nevada. Steam powered stamp mills were constructed and operated utilizing water from springs in the area. Higher grade ore was sent to Austin and Belmont for treatment. Lida began to fade along with mining statewide by the 1880s. The region remained quiet but still populated until Tonopah and then Goldfield sparked increased interest in the entire region. In 1905, three hundred people called Lida their home, these supported an increase in the usual business houses, and they also prompted the publication of the Lida Enterprise. This newspaper continued operation between April 14, 1905 to October 1906. The same newspaper also printed the Palmetto Herald for distribution in that nearby camp. Goldfield also tapped into springs at Lida for distribution to that bustling city, delivering it with a large pipeline between the two points. An automobile stage ran between Lida and Big Pine, CA for a few years after 1905. Lida prospered until later in 1907, when many of the richest mines found themselves in litigation. Lida began to go into a slow decline. The post office closed December 14, 1918 and mail transferred to nearby Gold Point (originally called Hornsilver). Today Lida still has a population but no services.
Submitted by David A. Wright
Lida, NV. January 1997
Courtesy David A. Wright
Lida. February 20, 2000.
D.A. Wright photo
Lida 2007
Courtesy Tom
Lida, Nevada assay office 1905


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Browse the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
This information was published in 1966 in An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock. It has not been corrected and will not be updated.
Up-to-date information can be found elsewhere in Te Ara.
GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
Submitted by admin on April 22, 2009 - 21:19
The New Zealand Geographical Society had its origin in 1939 when a small group of Christchurch enthusiasts formed what later became the Canterbury branch of the society. In February 1944 a similar group was formed in Wellington and, towards the end of the year, the New Zealand Geographical Society was launched officially. Early in the following year branches were formed at Auckland and Dunedin. These were further increased by the formation of the Manawatu sub-branch in 1957.
The New Zealand Geographical Society exists "to promote and stimulate the study of geography — particularly New Zealand geography". It promotes geographical studies about New Zealand and matters closely related to New Zealand's interests. Twice yearly the society publishes The New Zealand Geographer and Record of Proceedings. Selected articles from the former are issued in the society's Reprint Series. Some of the titles are: Literature and Landscape, Mulgan, A. E. (1946), and Land Utilization in Metropolitan Christchurch, Parks, F. J. (1946). In 1947 the council decided to publish, in book form, a series of New Zealand Geographical Society Special Publications. The first of these was published in 1950 and others will follow "as material of high quality and real interest becomes available". In addition a "Research Series" is planned.
In 1955 the first triennial geographical conference was held at Auckland; and since then there have been two conferences, at Christchurch, 1958, and Palmerston North, 1961. In 1962 the council decided to establish an annual award of 10 guineas for the scholar obtaining the highest marks in geography in the University Entrance scholarship examinations.
The society's branches organise lectures, studies, and excursions; they also encourage members to prepare the results of their original researches for publication.
by Bernard John Foster, M.A., Research Officer, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington.
Bernard John Foster, M.A., Research Officer, Department of Internal Affairs, Wellington.
How to cite this page: 'GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966.
Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/geographical-society (accessed 20 Jul 2019)
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