text:
Ethics in mathematics
An emerging field of applied ethics
Ethics in mathematics is an emerging field of applied ethics, the inquiry into ethical aspects of the practice and applications of mathematics. It deals with the professional responsibilities of mathematicians whose work influences decisions with major consequences, such as in law, finance, the military, and environmental science. Many research mathematicians see no ethical implications in their pure research but assumptions made in mathematical approaches can have real consequences.[1] A very instrumental interpretation of the impact of mathematics makes it difficult to see ethical consequences, but it is easier to see how all branches of mathematics serve to structure and conceptualise solutions to real problems.[2] These structures can set up perverse incentives, where targets can be met without improving services, or league table positions are gamed. While the assumptions written into metrics often reflect the world view of the groups who are responsible for designing them, they are harder for non-experts to challenge, leading to injustices.[3]
1 Need for ethics in the mathematics profession
1.1 Issues of accuracy
1.2 Issues of impact
2 Disasters and scandals involving the use of mathematics
3 Ethical issues in the mathematical profession
4 Ethics in data journalism
5 Misuse of statistics
6 Mathematical folklore
7 Ethics in pure mathematical research
8 Teaching ethics in mathematics
Need for ethics in the mathematics profession[edit]
Mathematicians in industrial, scientific, military and intelligence roles crucially influence decisions with large consequences.
Issues of accuracy[edit]
For example, complex calculations were needed for the success of the Manhattan Project, while the overextended use of the Gaussian copula formula to price derivatives before the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 has been called "the formula that killed Wall Street",[4] and the theory of global warming depends on the reliability of mathematical models of climate.
Issues of impact[edit]
For the same reason as in medical ethics and engineering ethics, the high impact of the consequences of decisions imposes serious ethical obligations on practitioners to consider the rights and wrongs of their advice and decisions. The potential impact of data and new technology is leading more professions, such as accountancy,[5] to consider how bias is overseen in automated systems, from algorithms to AI.
Disasters and scandals involving the use of mathematics[edit]
These illustrate the major consequences of numerical mistakes and hence the need for ethical care.
The Club of Rome's 1972 mathematical-model based predictions in The Limits to Growth of widespread collapse of the world system by the end of the century.
Wrongful conviction of Sally Clark (1999), An English solicitor, Sally Clark, was wrongfully convicted of murdering her two children – each of whom had died due to sudden infant death syndrome – due to a fundamental statistical error in the testimony of an "expert".
The error was further compounded by the "prosecutor's fallacy".[6]
Ethical issues in the mathematical profession[edit]
Mathematicians in professional roles in finance and similar work have a particular responsibility to ensure they use the best methods and data to reach the right answer, as the prestige of mathematics is high and others rely on mathematical results which they cannot fully understand.[7] Other ethical issues are shared with information economy professionals in general, such as duty of care, confidentiality of information, whistleblowing, and avoiding conflict of interest.
Mathematicians have a professional responsibility to support the ethical use of mathematics in practice, both sustain the reputation of the profession and protect society from the impacts of ethical behaviour. For example, mathematics is extensively applied in the use of Big Data in Artificial Intelligence applications, both by mathematicians and non-mathematicians, with complex impacts that are not readily understood or anticipated.[8]
Ethics in data journalism[edit]
Journalism has an established Professional ethics which is affected by mathematical processing and (re-)publication of sources. Reusing information packaged as facts requires checking, and validating, form conceptual confusion to sampling and calculation errors.[9] Other professional issues arise from the potential of automated tools which allow dissemination of publicly available data which has never been collated.
Misuse of statistics[edit]
Main article: Misuse of statistics
Much of mathematics as used in applications involves the drawing of conclusions from quantitative data. It is recognised that there are many difficulties in reaching and communicating such conclusions accurately, honestly and with due regard to the uncertainties that remain. It is easy for a statistician to mislead clients whose understanding of data and inference is less developed, so statisticians have professional responsibilities to act fairly. In the 1980s statisticians codified their ethics in a declaration of the ISI, recognising that there would often be conflicting demands from stakeholders, with ethical decisions a matter of professional judgement.[10]
Mathematical folklore[edit]
Main article: Mathematical folklore
Priority and attribution of mathematical discovery are important to professional practice, even as some theorems bear the name of the person making the conjecture rather than finding the proof. Folk theorems, or mathematical folklore cannot be attributed to an individual, and may not have an agreed proof, despite being an accepted result, potentially leading to injustice.[11]
Ethics in pure mathematical research[edit]
The American Mathematical Society publishes a code of ethical guidelines for mathematical researchers. The responsibilities of researchers include being knowledgeable in the field, avoiding plagiarism and giving credit, to publish without unreasonable delay, and to correct errors.[12] The European Mathematical Society Ethics Committee also publishes a code of practice relating to the publication, editing and refereeing of research.[13]
It has been argued that as pure mathematical research is relatively harmless, it raises few urgent ethical issues.[14] However, that raises the question of whether and why pure mathematics is ethically worth doing, given that it consumes the lives of many highly intelligent people who could be making more immediately useful contributions.[15]
Teaching ethics in mathematics[edit]
Courses in the ethics of mathematics remain rare. The University of New South Wales taught a compulsory course on Professional Issues and Ethics in Mathematics in its mathematics degrees from 1998 to 2012.[16]
Essentially contested concept
Ethical calculus
Misuse of statistics
Prosecutor's fallacy – A fallacy of statistical reasoning typically used by a prosecutor to exaggerate the likelihood of a criminal defendant's guilt
Type I and type II errors – Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
Type III error
Unintended consequences – Outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen
Big data ethics – Ethics of mass data analytics
^ Chiodo, M. & Bursill-Hall, P. (2018) Four Levels of Ethical Engagement Discussion paper 18/1, Cambridge University Ethics in Mathematics Project
^ Slightly dirty maths: The richly textured mechanisms of impact Laura R. Meagher Ursula Martin, Research Evaluation (2017) 26 (1): 15-27
^ O'Neill, C. (2016) Weapons of Math Destruction, Penguin.
^ Felix Salmon, Recipe for disaster: the formula that killed Wall Street", Wired23 Feb 2009.
^ Ethics and New Techologies, ICAEW, 2018
^ Derbyshire, D., "Misleading statistics were presented as facts in Sally Clark trial", The Telegraph, (12 June 2003).
^ Money Mathematics: Examining Ethics Education in Quantitative Finance
^ Collmann & Matei (Eds.), Ethical Reasoning in Big Data, Basel, CH: Springer, 2016
^ McBride, [1], 2017
^ Jowell, R. (1986) The Codification of Statistical Ethics, J. Official Statist. 2(3): 217-253
^ van Bendegem, J., Rittberg, C. & Tanswell, F. (2018) Epistemic Injustice in Mathematics, Synthese
^ American Mathematical Society Policy Statement on Ethical Guidelines, 2005.
^ Code of Practice – European Mathematical Society.
^ Reuben Hersh, Mathematics and ethics, The Mathematical Intelligencer 12 (3) (1990), 13–15.
^ James Franklin, Ethics of mathematics, Mathematical Intelligencer 13 (1) (1991), 4.
^ James Franklin, A "Professional issues and ethics in mathematics" course, Gazette of the Australian Mathematical Society 32 (2005), 98–100.
Aitken, C., Roberts, P. & Jackson, G., Communicating and Interpreting Statistical Evidence in the Administration of Criminal Justice, Practitioner Guide No.1: Fundamentals of Probability and Statistical Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Guidance for Judges, Lawyers, Forensic Scientists and Expert Witnesses, Royal Statistical Society, 2010.
Balinski, M., "What is just?", American Mathematical Monthly, Vol.112, No.6, (June-July 2005), pp. 502-511.
Boylan, M., "Ethical Dimensions of Mathematics Education", Educational Studies in Mathematics, Vol.92, No.3, (July 2016), pp. 395–409.
Dworkin, G., "A Journal of Mathematical Ethics: A Proposal", The Philosophical Forum, Vol.13, No.4, (Summer 1982), pp. 413–415.
Ernest, P. "What is Our First Philosophy in Mathematics Education?", For the Learning of Mathematics, Vol.32, No.3, (November 2012), pp. 8–14.
Ernest, P., "A Dialogue on the Ethics of Mathematics", The Mathematical Intelligencer, Vol.38, No.3, (September 2016), pp. 69–77.
Ernest, P., "The Ethics of Mathematics: Is Mathematics Harmful?", Ernest, P., (Ed.)The Philosophy of Mathematics Education Today. Switzerland: Springer, 2018, pp 187-216.
Franklin, J., "On the Parallel Between Mathematics and Morals", Philosophy, Vol.79, No.1, (January 2004), pp. 97–119.
Henrich, D., "Mathematical Ethics: Values, Valences and Virtue", Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal, No.29, (July 2015).
Lesser, L.M. & Nordenhaug, E., "Ethical statistics and statistical ethics: Making an interdisciplinary module", Journal of Statistics Education, Vol.12, No.3, (November 2004), pp. 50–56.
Levy, D.M. & Peart, S.J., "Inducing Greater Transparency: Towards the Establishment of Ethical Rules for Econometrics", Eastern Economic Journal, Volume 34, Issue 1, (January 2008), pp 103–114.
Shulman, B. J., "Is there enough poison gas to kill the city?: The teaching of ethics in mathematics classes", The College Mathematics Journal, Vol.33, No.2, (March 2002), pp. 128–125.
Stinson, D.W., "In Search of Defining Ethics in (Mathematics) Education Research?", Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, Vol.10, No.1, (July 2017), pp. 1–6.
Strasak, A. M, Zaman, Q, Pfeiffer, K. P., Göbel, G. & Ulmer, H., "Statistical errors in medical research — a review of common pitfalls", Swiss Medical Weekly, (2007), 137: 44–49.
Vardeman, S.B. & Morris, M.D., "Statistics and Ethics: Some Advice for Young Statisticians", The American Statistician, Vol.57, No.1, (February 2003), pp. 21–6.
Young, J., "Statistical errors in medical research — a chronic disease?", Swiss Medical Weekly, (2007), 137: 41–43: editorial commentary (and elaboration) on Strasak, et al. by the Swiss Medical Weekly's Statistical Advisor.
Cambridge University Ethics in Mathematics Society
American Mathematical Society: Policy Statement on Ethical Guidelines
Royal Statistical Society: Statistics and the Law.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethics_in_mathematics&oldid=987241367"
Ethics of science and technology
Philosophy of statistics
Ethics and statistics
This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 20:16 (UTC).


text:
Q: Use iphone or android as external mic for macbook using bluetooth Is there a way I can use an iPhone/Android phone as an external microphone for my Mac? Ideally without a cable i.e. bluetooh/wifi.
Edit:
Since this hasn't been answered yet, I would be okay with using cables too if people know how to do that.

A: Using a cable, your iPhone can be an audio source by using the built-in Audio MIDI setup.  Plug in your phone and click enable.

Next make sure your mac is set to use the device for input.

Then on your phone select audio output to Dock connector.  Now any audio from your phone will be sent to your Mac.  To use it as a microphone you now need to use an app that lets you feed back your mic.  There are many apps that do that, I use https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/microphone-free-vonbruno/id1070812067?mt=8 since it is free and simple.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Faulty hip implants case: First panel meet on J&J compensation on Sept 18
By Hema Singh on September 15, 2018
The Centre is learnt to be working overtime around the compensation modalities for the patients affected by faulty hip implants manufactured by US-based Johnson and Johnson'(J&J's) subsidiary DePuy. The central government committee, set up for identifying patients and recommending a compensation plan, will hold its first meeting on September 18, a senior official said.While J&J has in principle agreed to compensate the recipients of faulty implants, the government is keeping its options open. That is, in case the firm does not agree to comply with the recommendations …
Source: Business Standard
Hema Singh
Boeing to pay $50 million compensation to 737 MAX crash victims' families
Govt's plan to sell its first foreign sovereign bonds a risky money idea?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home The Challenge of Ensuring Rail Safety
The Challenge of Ensuring Rail Safety
Rajesh Singh
Rajesh Singh October 15 , 2018 View: 870 Comments: 0
The recent derailment of the New Farakka Express train near Rae Bareli, in which more than half a dozen lives were lost, has brought to fore the issue of rail safety yet again. Details of the incident are still sketchy. Reports say that the 23-coach train, bound for New Delhi from Malda in West Bengal, had been given the signal at Harchandpur railway station to proceed on the main track towards Lucknow. Yet the train, then running at around 100 kilometres per hour, took the loop line, and thereafter the accident occurred. The severity was such that as many as nine coaches and the engine went off track. Was there a defect at the main line and loop track convergence? Did the railway personnel on duty fail to connect the loop line point after giving the green signal to the train to proceed on the main track? Nothing is clear as yet, though the station master on duty has been suspended pending an official inquiry. How can mistakes in such basic matters, which lead to loss of lives and enormous damage to assets of railways, happen? But more importantly, what has been done, and is being done, to curb such accidents? Incidentally, just last month, Indian Railways had been proudly announcing its best safety record in five years, with the lowest number of fatalities recorded.
Many steps have been taken in the past few years to tackle the issue. For instance, the age-old practice of announcing a slew of new trains as a populist measure, has been discontinued. This has not only ensured that scarce resources are freed for other more important projects such as safety, but it has also meant that rail tracks, old and needing repairs or replacement, are not further burdened by the weight of additional trains that could result in disasters. The Union Budget had announced an allocation of one lakh crore rupees to the Rashtriya Rail Suraksha Kosh, to enable Indian Railways to undertake various safety projects — covering track renewal, conversion of unmanned level crossings, overhauling of old coaches, and repairing of bridges, etc. — over a five-year period. The creation of the fund did boost capital expenditure in these areas. A large part of the such expenditure was devoted to capacity creation of 18,000 kilometres of doubling, third and four line networks, and 5,000 kilometres of gauge conversions. The allocation also included more than 3,600 kilometres of track renewal, 4,000 kilometres of electrification and the elimination of about 4,200 kilometres of unmanned level crossings.
The Ministry of Railways' claim of having done well in rail safety standards, is not entirely without reason. According to an official Press release, "consequential train accidents (were) reduced to 62 per cent — from 118 in 2013-14 to 73 in 2017 -18". Besides, the thrust of capital expenditure over the years has been not so much on rolling stock acquisition but on safety and decongestion (this also contributes to the overall safety aspect). Thus, while track conversion and electrification projects have received a boost, expenditure on rolling stock acquisition such as that of locomotives, coaches and wagons, has seen a reduction by nearly two-thirds. It can be argued that a reduction in focus on rolling stock is bad for business, especially since rolling stock constitutes a big portion of business for quite a few traditional rail stocks. Yet, safety has to be given the prime spot. Besides, well-established rail stocks such as Titagarh Wagons and Texmaco Rail have over time diversified into other businesses, and thus it cannot be argued that they would be badly hit by the incumbent regime's new focus areas. Titagarh has ventured into defence contracts and mining equipment, while Texmaco had gone into track and signaling work.
Although the measures taken and lined up have led to increased activity on the safety front, there are legacy issues that cannot be easily overcome. In the 2018 fiscal year, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) failed to meet Indian Railways' requirement of nine lakh tonnes of rail. SAIL had been supplying, on an average, six to seven lakh tonnes since the past many years, and found it difficult to suddenly meet the enhanced demand last fiscal. SAIL's inability has hampered the railways' plans to enhance the rail network and gauge conversions. It remains to be seen whether this public sector unit will be able to meet Indian Railways' demand of 12 lakh tonnes for the 2019 fiscal, although SAIL is confident that it will do so, given that it has increased the output in its new rail mill at the Bhilai Steel Plant. The plant is the country's main producer of steel rails and has a virtual monopoly on the supply to Indian Railways. Experts have been saying that time had come for railways to reach out more extensively to private players to cope with its increasing demand. On one occasion. Indian Railways had to float a global tender to procure more than four lakh tonnes of rail to meet the shortfall from SAIL.
Tackling rail safety needs a multi-pronged approach since there are several causes of railway accidents in India. According to a report, in 2015-16, a majority of accidents were caused due to derailments (66 per cent), while level-crossing accidents contributed 33 per cent. A Standing Committee on Railways had noted that a primary reason for derailments was a defect in either the track or the coaches. It pointed out that while, out of the total track length of 1,14,907 km in the country, 4,500 km needed renewal annually, only 2,700 km could be renewed in 2015-16. There are an estimated 14,000 unmanned level crossings. In 2014-15, about 40 per cent of the accidents had taken place on these points. The elimination of unmanned level crossings remains a challenge for the authorities — the Railways Ministry had fallen short of its annual target to get rid of them, between 2010 and 2013. In 2014-15, the target to eliminate more than 13,00 unmanned level crossings was scaled down by some 50 per cent; it further went down to 820 in 2015-16. Unfazed by these numbers, Indian Railways has now proposed to eliminate all unmanned level crossings on broad gauge lines by 2020. If the railways were to achieve this goal, it will be a major step towards drastically reducing rail-related accidents.
While there are many areas of reform and revamp to enhance rail safety, what cannot be forgotten in the rush of technological upgradations is that a large number of rail accidents in the country occur due to human error. A report of the Anil Kakodkar panel, submitted to the Government in 2016, had made 106 recommendations, many of them relating to safety. It had observed that, out of the 131 train accidents that occurred during 2011-12, as many as 115 (nearly 88 per cent) were the result of human error, while just under four per cent were due to the failure of equipment. Of the proportion of human fault, nearly 37 per cent was that of railway staff. One reason is, of course, carelessness of the personnel. But the more important cause is the critical shortage of frontline employees in the 'safety' section. As of 2016, more than 1.25 lakh vacancies remained to be filled in this category which comprises track men, point men, patrol men, technicians and station masters, among others. The shortage results in the existing staff over-working — which in turn increases the prospect of human error.
The safety aspect of Indian Railways is a political hot potato as well. We have had three Ministers in Rail Bhawan in the last four and half years, and all of them have had to battle concerns on this front. A major train accident inevitably leads to opposition parties baying for the Railways Minister's head. It's not for nothing that, while the Railways Ministry is among the most sought after assignment, it is also the most tricky to handle.
(The writer is a senior political commentator and public affairs analyst.)
Image Source: https://im.indiatimes.in/content/2015/Sep/train%20600_1441973468.jpg
Rail reforms
Budget 2019: Indian diplomacy needed a shot in the arm but b
Union Budget 2019 India: Analysis reveals some notable facts: the
जल-शक्ति
जल-शक्ति नाम से सर्वथा नय
The Modi government has created a flutter by its recent outreach
Has 'Sab ka Saath ..' Ended the Political Trick of 'Di
"An election is coming. Universal peace is declared and the fox
Jal Shakti
One of the highlights of Government formation for a second time u
नए भारत के निर्माण में �
मोदी सरकार के नए मंत्रिम�
A Survey of Global Media's Perspective on Indian Elections
Afghanistan The media in Afghanistan has covered Indian elect
The Top Four Ministers Need to Work in Harmony to Help Build
One striking feature of Modi Sarkar's new cabinet is that the t


Ardbeg is another scottish single malt of much worth. straight from cask to bottle, ardbeg offers a unique flavour which is different to others from regions. tree bark, peat and vanilla fudge aromas are first to escape and on tasting a burst of smokiness, sea saLtr and sweet aniseed vanilla hit the palate. honeyed notes help to mellow it out but it's the smoky peat flavour which lingers on.


An Invitation to Promote and Party!
My one year blogiversary is this Friday and I have been trying to come up with a way to celebrate. If you have been following my blog, you know how much I LOVE to party, so this will be a week-long celebration! I may have to buy a new dress!
I came up with a few ideas to mark the occasion.
I could throw a big party and invite all of my friends, but most still don't know what a "blog" is and may mistake it for "dog" and wonder if I have lost my mind.
I could climb up to the top of Mt. Sanitas here in Boulder and scream from the summit, "Happy Blogaversary to me!" but I am not sure that anyone having a quiet Zen moment of meditation (this is Boulder), would appreciate my own personal shout-out.
I could make a list of my favorite bloggers, but I might miss someone and could start my first flame war. I would really like to celebrate in a positive non-combative way without flame throwers and word grenades.
I could link twenty (or forty), of my early blog posts that had 12 views or less, but others may see this as nothing more than shameless self-promotion and who wants to read I am Going Straight to Hell or My Household Confessional or The Mother of Invention anyway?
I could write a poem, transform it into a rap song and VLOG it, but I don't want to give anyone indigestion or cause permanent hearing damage.
I could write a one year recap, but I like to keep my blog posts short and sweet, and if not sweet at least under 365 pages long.
I could treat myself to a spa day, but the last time I did that, my skin was so raw I couldn't go outside for days.
I could run a contest, but there is always a winner and a loser and I don't want anyone to feel bad about being a big LOSER while the rest of us are partying down.
I know! How about this idea. Wednesday will be Use Me and Abuse Me Day! Everyone has written a favorite story that didn't get many views. Oh, come on. You didn't start out with 300 views. Be honest! On Wednesday, May 2nd, 2 days before my special day, you are welcome to come by and post one link to one of your blog posts in my comment section. Include a short one line promotion, so you can entice others to read it. If you have a book to sell, you could promote it instead!
Then check out the other bloggers in the comment section and make some new friends. It will be a virtual party! Exchange twitter handles! Invite them to be Facebook "friends!" Subscribe to their blog!
Since I am letting you abuse my comment section, all I ask in return is to consider subscribing to my blog. I can assure you that it is never all about me. Well, that's not entirely true, but it usually includes some (a lot), of my own humiliation and laughter (on your part).
Hey! This looks like a fun way to celebrate! Okay, so I am distracted with Youtube videos again…busted!
Warning: Do not post more than one link or you will end up in my spam file and that would be considered piggy! No one likes the piggy at the party unless you are eating cake and then you are welcome to pig-out all you want!
So off you go! Peruse your old posts, write a short hook and come back on Wednesday to link it in my comment section. I will blog by 7:00 AM Mountain time.
Use Me and Abuse Me Day!
Immeasurably,, of course! I've made new friends, written a book, pissed people off at work… lots of good stuff!
That is so great! I love it because I met awesome people like you Hook!
Happy belated anniversary. You are refreshing. And so awesome..
Thank you so much Neville! You made my day!


The majesty of Mount Denali is a dim reflection of the majestic glory of God.
I can recall only one time – and that was many years ago – when I was openly and intentionally shown contempt because I was a pastor.On this occasion I was driving out of a gas station parking lot when a man in a pickup truck that was large enough to squash my car, offered me the "one finger salute." It was clear to me that he was expressing his disrespect and contempt for me because I happened to be wearing a clerical shirt with the obvious pastor color. I don't recall that he had made a mocking sign of the cross, or anything else, but it was pretty clear to me that he was making a comment about my profession and calling. I believe that was so, also, because this took place in Utah, and the Mormon assessment of clergy is quite negative. I didn't take it too personally, but it did sting a bit. Sad for him and for me.
That's not to say that people have not been disrespectful to me on other occasions. Nor is it to say that people haven't been contemptuous of me as a person. That seems simply to go along with life for everyone in this world. Everyone rubs up against unkind, disrespectful, and evil people from time to time. Unless you are completely insulated from the world around you, you will experience bad treatment of one kind or another. Jesus says, "In this world you will have trouble." He is right.
Over against that, however, is God. He is majestic, holy, all-powerful, mighty, and glorious. His majesty, however, is not founded on contempt, over-lording power, ruthless or swift retribution. Though there are times when God has expressed his judgment in swift actions of vengeance, God's ultimate expression of judgment was met out on Jesus on the cross. He crushed his Son rather than us. And Jesus took that punishment willingly; trusting in the goodness of God through it all.
The defeat of evil came in the form of a man of perfect faith and sacrificial love. Jesus conquered the evil world by his love, goodness, faith, and sacrifice. His whole life was lived out as one who believed that God is good…all the time. He never wavered from that, even in his death. Jesus overcame the world, conquered sin, death, and the devil by faith. That faith holds to the goodness of God no matter what. Even when we lose faith – for we all struggle to keep it strong and alive – Jesus perfect righteousness remains our hope. His death and resurrection assures us of our place in the heart of God.


Admittedly I am horrible at following a recipe. Why? Because I can always think of a way to do it "better" or I need to use up something in the refrigerator, or I am missing something I need. For once none of these were the case. I liked the concept of the recipe I found online, but it wasn't what I was going for. I had pre-cooked chicken that I roasted in the crockpot for chicken enchiladas that I wanted to use, but this recipe called for the chicken to start uncooked. I didn't want to be bothered!
This was super simple and quite tasty! I was a little nervous about how it would turn out, but it turned out so yummy, and we had a ton left over! Literally we ate 1/3 of the casserole for dinner as a side I served Sweet Corn Cakes.
I loved the ease of the recipe, and loved the flavor! Just remember for those people who are nervous in the kitchen if you never stray away from a recipe you will never know what you can create! The best recipes are created by accident. Brownies were created from a failed cake recipe.
To a skillet add margarine, and onion. Sauté until onions are translucent, then add the garlic (do not allow the garlic to brown or it will taste bitter) and cook for another minute.
To the skillet add salt, pepper, cumin, garlic powder, and taco seasoning and mix well.
Next add corn, green chilies, diced tomatoes, and shredded chicken all the mixture and heat thoroughly.
Now to prepare your casserole! Combine all your cheese into a bowl and mix together well.
Pour the enchilada sauce in a bowl, then spoon enough sauce into a 9x13 baking dish to cover the bottom.
Take a corn tortilla and divide it into 4's (you can do multiple at a time). Take each one of the fours and dip them into the enchilada sauce coating each piece front and back, then line the bottom of the pan with the tortillas, keep tearing and dipping until the entire bottom of the pan is lined with tortilla pieces.
Now over the tortilla pieces spread out enough of your chicken mixture to cover the tortillas, then cover the chicken mixture with cheese (be generous).
Keep repeating this process until you are out of the chicken mixture. I was able to get four layers, but it will depend on how much of the chicken mixture you add to each layer.
Your final layer should be dipped tortilla pieces covering the top of your casserole. Last top your tortilla pieces with the remaining cheese.
Bake on 350 for 30 minutes or until it's bubbling from the bottom up.


text:
Q: Zend Form: How can I show errors after the element's label tag? I can get errors to be shown after the form element, but not directly after the form element's label tag.  Does anyone know how I can do this??  Thx in advance!  Cheers.

A: If you want to place element errors between the element and its label, keeping the standard dt/dd markup, use something like this
$element->setDecorators(array(
    'ViewHelper',
    array('Errors', array('placement' => 'prepend')),
    array('HtmlTag', array('tag' => 'dd')),
    array('Label', array('tag' => 'dt'))
));

The important part is the 'placement' => 'prepend' on the Errors decorator.

A: I am pretty sure you can do this by altering the Decorator used to render the form elements.
Check here http://devzone.zend.com/article/3450
This article will guide you through creating alternate decorators for elements.
Also here is the Zend article on the standard decorators.
http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.form.standardDecorators.html


text:
Finally, I found it. Through 14 years writing Events INSIDER, I've been on a quest to find the weirdest and most creative events in New England, and it doesn't get better than the Anti-Gala at the Newport Art House (which by the way seems to be an arts organization, not a building, and not to be confused with the Newport Art Museum). It's an outdoor party inspired by pagan celebrations like the faeries in the woods of Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. It's part Sleep No More, part Eyes Wide Shut, and part The Wicker Man. It's like visiting the parties of the Newport Mansions a century ago, but interpreted for the artistic tastes of today, like how they used modern music for the old timey nightclub in the film Moulin Rouge! (2001).
I've always been fascinated by masquerades and other classy costume parties, such as the Haunted Speakeasy at Bull Mansion in Worcester, the Marvelous Party in Cambridge, and the Roaring Twenties Lawn Party at Castle Hill on the North Shore. But the Anti-Gala gets the psychology and community right to create something that goes beyond a party to become a phenomenon.
First is the joy of discovery. It's magical to turn a corner and encounter something beautiful that was hidden but you only needed to look to find it. It's a metaphor for life. The party takes place at one of Newport's mansions, and is entirely outdoors, across a few acres of lawn. There's some seating, but you'll be primarily standing, which encourages people to move around. Rather than having long views, the space is broken up by gardens, trees, and walls into intimate niches. You'll encounter a long food table, lorded over by a papier mache ram's head, with cheese, fruits, olive oil and bread, and nuts, and 30 performances, of painting, singing, dancing, poetry, shadow puppets, and more, in eight locations on the grounds.
Art installations are placed standing, or hung twinkling from tree branches, all over. You'll find a painter painting a model, and a pool with actors dressed as a mermaid and a sailor, talking together, or swimming. After dark, I spotted a live rabbit on the lawn and spent five minutes delightedly pointing it out to passersby, before it hopped away. I discovered an Asian-seeming percussive performance using soft mallets to caress the rims of metal bowls, making them hum.
Second is a sense of intimacy. The performances stages were quiet and spread out enough that you could still enjoy the stillness of the night, hearing crickets chirping. The performances were intended to be ambient, adding to the party conversation rather than stealing your attention from others. You can walk off with a friend or romantic partner to one niche and have it all to yourself for a moment. You'll walk along gravel pathways and past grass lawns to see fountains everywhere, including a Japanese garden with lily pads, a bridge, and stepping-stone rocks in the water. There's a pathway leading under the branches of a giant tree, where you'll find yourself in a private forest of artwork and nature. There's a gazebo where artists perform poetry and spoken word. One path leads you walking under a long trellis archway.
Third is a sense of theme. The Newport Art House was lucky that their community "got it" about the event and came to create an environment full of ancient pagan power, evoking mischief and even playful danger. Guests were asked to come dressed "funky and fresh", and showed up in suits and dresses with a primal theme, half with an animal-themed mask or headdress. No one came dressed like a robot, or Elvis. I'm not sure how to describe it. I've been to costume parties — think Halloween or Comic Con — where each person dressed to impress, to create a sensation that's all about themselves. Boston is also full of "masquerades" for the come-to-get-drunk crowd who just don't get it at all with their plastic masks and street attire, or fundraiser parties for the wealthy that I can't afford and probably aren't any more creative. At the Anti-Gala, the guests seemed playful, to get it that together they created an experience, not so much as individuals. "Let's create a short theater scene together," they seemed to say.
Perhaps that's why, fourth, the Anti-Gala was more social than a typical party. I've been to parties where there is not much mingling, or the mingling sticks to small talk. But the Newport Art House community seems genuinely more open to befriending newcomers, something I appreciated since I happened to come alone without even any acquaintances at the event to latch onto. Because everyone dresses unusually, it makes it easier to approach a stranger. Your opening line is ready-made: compliment or ask them about what they are wearing. I asked someone whether he was The Mad Hatter from Alice in Wonderland, and was right. One woman had a dress with LED lights. Others asked me about my own get-up. There was a good mix of ages, though not as much racial diversity. I encountered a group sitting by a pool at a table, and asked, "Is this a performance or just a group of friends sitting?" and one of them said, "Oh, we should have a seance!" Great idea.
This was the party's first year, and a couple of hiccups will no doubt be smoothed over in the future. The sun set quickly into the event, so a professional photographer with a fancy night camera would have been a delight. In a couple of places, an electrical cord could have been a tripping hazard. As the sun came down, the lighting was kept low, to further that sense of intimacy and mysterious, ancient, pagan power. But that made it harder to see the masks and costumes that the guests were wearing, my opening to approach new people, or to make eye contact with them, lowering everyone's innate sense of stranger-danger. A central light would have flooded the space too much, but distributed low lighting would have helped.
Tracy Johnsson, the founding director of the Newport Art Museum, kindly agreed to an interview. (Tara Gragg is the current director.)
Events INSIDER: What a party! How would you even describe this?
Tracy Johnsson: We love Newport for what it is, a very bright and vibrant arts community. I'm a historic preservationist, so the history is very important, and I thought it would be really cool to bring those two elements together: The Gilded Age backyard element and contemporary art. That's something that nonprofits in town are starting to move towards. So it just made sense for us to bring young, vibrant artists, patrons, and people who are just interested in knowing Newport from a different angle, into one place.
Tracy Johnsson: By bringing our parties to Bellevue Ave, we wanted to create a conversation between the Bellevue Ave crowd and the Broadway crowd, which is where the artists are, mainly. So we decided on a theme that would bring out the weirdest contemporary art that we could think of, but also create opportunities for networking and conversation. We all appreciate these types of settings, the gardening here, but all of us are appreciating something new and talking.
Events INSIDER: There's plenty to have a conversation about.
Tracy Johnsson: We wanted people to create their outfits, and a bacchanal is a definition of letting yourself be what you want to be. It's a pagan concept. Just being in Newport, in a setting that you could consider restrictive, or elitist, but it doesn't have to be. Ron Fleming, the owner of this property, built it to have art parties. As a historian, I know that most of these mansions were built to host weird art parties. So if you look into the history, that's a very prominent part of what people did in the summer. It's turned into this less weird thing, but I think if Newport is anything, it's always a place where artist colonies have come. Then patrons have come afterwards, to hire artists to hold the coolest parties ever.
Tracy Johnsson: It's a themed party, but you don't normally go to a party and see a performance… To have it all together, and I don't know what it is about the people who come to Newport Art House events, but they're very open and talkative, and intellectuals. So you can get into a group of people, get into a really great conversation with a 21-year-old, and be in your late 60s in a different place in life, but the venue itself and the experience creates a commonality that you can communicate and connect over.
Events INSIDER: Thank you.
The Newport Art House Anti-Gala is the welcoming, intellectual art party that you've been searching for. You'll find small installations of wonder, great conversation, and after an hour of exploring, I still hadn't found all the hidden niches. I'll give it my rare 5 stars PLUS, making it a must-see for like-minded people. Check out the other events at the Newport Art House including storytelling nights, performance art inspired by Newport's history, and a "NewPorch Live Sessions", where you walk around town seeing performances on local porches and in public spaces.
For more, see the Newport Art House online.


text:
Ravi Hutheesing
Global Keynote Speaker | Empowering education and business leaders to build a future with millennials and beyond.
Ravi's journey as a rock star, aviator, entrepreneur, and cultural diplomat captivates audiences and offers unique insight into generational and cultural divides. Loaded with research relevant to your industry, he empowers education and business leaders to build a future with millennials and beyond.
• Cultural diplomat, US Department of State • Musician, performed at the White House, Tonight Show, Saturday Night Live • Author, published by Simon & Schuster & multiple magazines • Pilot, "The Raviator" • Global education advocate • Grandnephew of India's first prime minister, Nehru
Biography: Musician to Pilot to Cultural Diplomat
Ravi Hutheesing (Rah-vee Hut-tee-sing) is an entrepreneur who has built his brand as a keynote speaker, writer, and musician. Having spent his life being a bridge between baby-boomers and millennials, his integrity-centric philosophies have influenced businesses, educators, and over a million people throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Additionally, the US Department of State engages Ravi as a Cultural Diplomat to create and execute programs around the world that promote cultural exchange and mutual understanding.
His worldwide visibility skyrocketed as the guitarist for triple Grammy nominee, Hanson, whose massive fan base of the earliest millennials made them the top-selling band in the world around the turn of the millennium. Ravi has performed on stages that include the White House, Madison Square Garden, Tonight Show, Good Morning America, and Saturday Night Live; authored Dancin' with Hanson published by Simon & Schuster and over a hundred articles for major magazines; and released interactive-video music courses, CDs of original music, and multiple singles on iTunes.
Also an aviator, The Raviator discovered that 50% of pilots play a musical instrument, yet the aviation industry was not using music to attract millennials and reverse the shrinking pilot population (millennials prioritize music). He created a niche market and brand within aviation, performing concerts at air shows, becoming the spokesman for companies targeting pilots, and developing a signature model folding guitar to fit in small airplanes.
As a cultural diplomat, Ravi went to Russia in 2015 and launched the first ever artist-entrepreneurship lecture series funded by the US government to share American ingenuity in the business of arts. In 2016, following the Paris terrorist attacks, he went to Indonesia—the world's largest Muslim population—and created the first ever songwriting camp funded by the US government to showcase how arts and entrepreneurship can bridge the most severe cultural and religious divides, and be an effective weapon against radicalism. These projects will expand globally in 2017.
Ravi is the first American born member of India's Nehru-Gandhi family who created and governed the world's largest democracy for over 40 years.
Ravi began with a "rock star" dream and never let go. As a teenager, he tackled every aspect of building a business, from acquiring guitar students and booking his band to building a recording studio in his basement and renting it to local artists. Even before college, he generated revenue and a reputation that ultimately landed him in the top-selling band in the world. As the industry shifts, he adapts and creates multiple streams of income—often from diverse industries—and incorporates social entrepreneurship into every for-profit endeavor.
Be inspired to live your dreams and turn your passion into your profession. Nurture your interests and talents, and discover actionable tools and a blueprint to success incorporating the creativity of an artist and commitment of a pilot.
Inspirational Themes • Dream: Life is about having the courage of your desires • Ambition: It's better to aim high and miss than aim low and succeed ("failure is your friend") • Professionalism: Don't chase success, pursue excellence and success will chase you • Commitment/Brand Development: Think like a man of action, act like a man of thought • Social-Entrepreneurship: Be the change you wish to see Raviator Guitar Practical Takeaways • Establish your vision with a commitment to success • Think like a pilot to recognize opportunities and overcome obstacles • Use the "power of 3" to identify and create your brand/niche • Develop a "pay it forward" mentality to attract sponsor support • Build a network and create strategic brand alliances
The Pilot Mindset
When Ravi enrolled in flight training, he found that the skills he was learning were also changing his life outside of the cockpit. The pilot mantra "Aviate, Navigate, Communicate" is the difference between life and death. Business and career survival in any industry requires the same leadership and commitment to success. Travel vicariously through all phases of flight and discover how to leverage skills and "situational awareness" into achievement. Embracing humanity's innate attraction to the magic of flight, the pilot mindset enables one to lead in the present, build for the future, and proudly fly the company colors.
• Establishing effective leadership • Creating a bulletproof plan of action • Assessing market conditions and anticipating changes • Working with physical checklists and mental flows • Developing "situational awareness" • Creating and implementing appropriate exit strategies
Millennial Mojo: How to bridge the generational gap through empathy
Millennials are the largest generation and soon-to-be most influential in the global economy. Rather than trying to analyze this elusive generation, education and business leaders must empathize with them.
Ravi's own journey is one of being a bridge between millennials and baby-boomers, and as a member of "Generation X," his vantage point is uniquely relevant. In this eye-opening and thought-provoking keynote, he reveals how the same core values pervade each generation, but only by recognizing modern expressions of those values does one become empowered to understand millennial psyche and positively influence their actions. He paints a picture of society's future based on their character traits, strengths and weaknesses, and global awareness; and offers an enlightening perspective on the challenges and opportunities your specific industry faces.
By bridging the gap between baby boomers and millennials, both generations can maintain their principals while finding common ground, learning from each other, and excelling together.
Takeaways include: • Minimizing "generational baggage" that perpetuates humanity's greatest challenges including racism, classism, and isolationism • Why millennials seem so entitled and how that can be positive for society and business • Their love for technology despite not being "tech-savvy," and how Artificial Intelligence will impact education and the workforce • Millennials' thirst for entrepreneurship, why they are so unprepared for it, and how to help them succeed • How they may reject their own education and the influence this has on how they will educate the next generation • Why millennial apathy and disaffection put society and business at risk, and how to guard against it
Change, Empowerment, Marketing, Branding, Education Professionals, English, Europe, Humorists, Keynote, Inspiring, Asia, Teacher Motivation, Funny, Strategic Planning, Hosts & Emcees, India, Education Industry, Education, College, Inspirational, Sales, Entertainers, Creativity, Media Professionals, Ethics & Integrity, Music Industry, Non-Profit & Association, Celebrity Innovation, Innovation, Motivational,
Dancin' with Hanson (Simon & Schuster)
Ravi TheRaviator
Aviation Motivational Speaker & Expert on Reaching t...
Tina Marie Jones
Business Consultant, Strategic Interventionist & Hos...
Author, Speaker, Youth Advocate & Child Welfare Prof...
Christi Tasker
Social Media Branding Queen and Keynote Speaker
Social Entrepreneur, Futurist & Activist
Michael McCain
Author, Coach & Motivational Speaker
John Di Frances
Speaking to audiences real needs.
Mike Rayburn
Thought Leader, Artist & Entertainer
Amanda Gore
CEO of The Joy Project; Author & Psychologist; Emoti...
Eric Gnezda
Singer, Songwriter, Educator, Author, TV Producer & ...
Roberto Alas
Reaching and identifying the potential in every sing...
Tonia Renee Lee
Tonia Renee Lee is a professional speaker, minister,...
Following his Grammy Award-winning instrumental albu...
Roberto C. Candelaria
#1 Best Selling Author, Speaker, and Coach
Mak Man
Dynamic Motivational Speaker and Published Author . ...
Ron Broussard
Author, Founder & CEO of STRETCH YOURSELF
Lisa Van Allen
Executive Coach and Spiritual Director to Mission-Dr...
Craig A Nemitz
Disaster? What disaster? Are you really clueless?!?!
Barbara Rozgonyi
Sales Performance Coach, Entrepreneur & Author
Hypnotist The Incredible BORIS
Award-winning Comedy Hypnotist and Keynote Speaker
More like Ravi


brazil one man army d-beat destruction vs slovakia d-beat!!!!
At Last I finish the Second of 4 D.I.Y Compilations.
At Last I finish the first of 4 D.I.Y Compilations.
500 pressed. Split release with 13 other labels.
Both bands comes from Slovakia. Beton with six furious tracks of heavy brutal dbeat with pissed off vocals. Short simple cold, dark dead lyrics. Nothing new just dbeat rawpunk that you cant get enough off! Cad already have several releases out and have played together for many years by now. 11 furious tracks of grind/crust/rawpunk. Great cover art.
Ny skit bra Split 7 Ute Nu !
K�p den eller byt till dig av denna skivan endast 750 pressade!
Nu �R DEN H�R K�P DENNA SUVER�NA PLATTA!
LP Released by: Alerta Antifascista, Dist & Confuzed, Oi free youth, Realities of war and some more labels spring. 2007.
CD Release by: Usina de Sangue records.
Page generated in 0.0125310 second.


Patna School of Painting or Patna Qalaam or company painting is a style of Indian Painting, which existed in Bihar, India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Patna Qalaam was world's first independent school of painting which dealt exclusively with the commoner and his lifestyle also helped Patna Kalam paintings gain in popularity.
Recently Govt of Bihar, released a calendar based on series of Patna Kalam paintings which has revived 250 years old style of painting. It is remembered first time since Independence by Govt of Bihar. Mithila and Madhubani style of Painting is famous world over but this style of painting has lost somewhere after its western patrons has gone. It was famous in London and other places earlier.
Patna style of painting was called miniature painting which depicts common people and their lifestyle. These painting were painted straight away without using pencil to delineate the contours of painting. Painters used to extracts color indigenously.


Raised in Quebec, Canada. She first became interested in Japanese culture as a student at the University of Montreal. After arriving in Japan in 2001, she studied min'yo while working as an English teacher and translator. In 2014 she became the first non-Japanese professional min'yo performer. She is an aficionado of Japan's kimono culture and has learned to put on the complex garments by herself. In the above photo, she poses while holding a shamisen.
When Canadian Maud Archambault took up the shamisen in 2001, a year after landing in Japan, out of a desire to learn something culturally distinct, little did she imagine it would lead her to center stage of Japan's highly traditional folk music world. Over the last 13 years the Quebec native has won numerous min'yo (folk music) competitions, becoming the focus of media attention in Japan and abroad. She even cohosted a nationally broadcast folk music program. In 2014 she became the first non-Japanese member of Japan's professional folk singers and dancers association.
Japan abounds in min'yo , with each region boasting its own rich heritage of songs and dances. "Min'yo and I found each other," Archambault explains, noting that her introduction to the multifarious musical genre came in steps. The instructors at the school in Saitama Prefecture where Archambault studies recognized her talents early on and gradually introduced her to different aspects of folk music. These included instruments like the taiko drum, along with min'yo 's distinct styles of singing and dancing.
Archambault is a proficient min'yo musician and singer, with her talents extending to multiple instruments as well as folk music's demanding vocal techniques. She must also meet the challenge of singing in various local dialects. But her greatest talent—the one for which she holds a professional license—is minbu , or folk dancing. She began studying the art in 2008 and has since rapidly built her repertoire of regional dances.
One of her favorite dances is "Tsugaru Oharabushi," a flamboyant piece from northern Honshu performed with a traditional umbrella (kasa) and folding fan (sensu). Props are common features in minbu , serving to enhance performers' storytelling.
More than just a visual spectacle, folk dancing is also a traditional way to connect with others, such as at the local bon odori festivals held in communities around Japan every summer. "When everyone dances together, each person's energy flows and is shared," she says.
min'yo and runs workshops prior to festivals.


text:
The Goldfields Railway is a heritage railway that operates between Waihi and Waikino in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island.  It operates over a section of track that was part of the East Coast Main Trunk Railway until the Kaimai Tunnel deviation made it redundant in 1978.  The Goldfields Railway was formed in 1980 as the Goldfields Steam Train Society to retain a portion of the old mainline and switched to its current name in the mid-nineties.

History

The route currently used by the Goldfields Railway was originally built through the Karangahake Gorge as the Waihi Branch from Paeroa on the Thames Branch to provide rail access to the significant mining activity that was then taking place in the Waihi area. It was not intended to be a mainline, but after extensive surveys and a few false starts, it became part of the East Coast Main Trunk to Tauranga, Te Puke, and ultimately Taneatua in 1928. This route was circuitous, thus making it less appealing than more direct road routes, but traffic nonetheless grew as Tauranga's port increased in importance and the Karangahake Gorge route lacked sufficient capacity. Accordingly, a new route was required and the direct Kaimai Tunnel deviation was built, opening on 12 September 1978. The Karangahake Gorge route was closed and dismantled in the 1980s, except for the 6 kilometres between Waihi and Waikino, which the Goldfields Railway saved.

Preservation

In Waihi, much of the infrastructure of the station and yard remains intact and preserved; although some freight-related structures such as the livestock yards are gone, the goods shed, six railway houses, and small ancillary buildings remain, and the main station buildings are protected and recognised by Heritage New Zealand and the Rail Heritage Trust. The line to Waikino is  long and includes a few bridges, including the only private railway bridge over a state highway in New Zealand. In Waikino, the station is not the original one built on the site; it was formerly Paeroa's station and was transferred to Waikino in 1990, just before the mothballing and eventual closure of the railway through Paeroa to Thames in 1991. The station is now used as a café and to link the railway with a walkway through the Karangahake Gorge and other local attractions.

Locomotives

The Goldfields Railway possesses a variety of locomotives, primarily small diesel locomotives used in private industry or for shunting on the national network. The locomotives include:

Baguley-Drewry  diesel locomotive, built 1968
Peckett  steam locomotive, built 1938
Price  petrol locomotive, built 1944
TR class diesel locomotive, built 1948
TR class diesel locomotive, also built 1948 but with different cab design
DSA class 551, built 1954

These locomotives are augmented by a collection of velocipedes and motor trolleys that are primarily used for track inspection and maintenance.

The railway has also been visited by steam locomotives owned by others.  During Easter 2006, as part of celebrations to mark over 100 years of the railway in Waihi, Y 542 owned by the Museum of Transport and Technology was brought to operate trips on the Goldfields Railway.

Rolling stock

The Goldfields Railway's collection of rolling stock consists of both passenger carriages and freight wagons. The three passenger carriages are the focus of preservation efforts and date from 1911, 1913, and 1931. They are augmented by an open passenger carriage built in 1993 and attached to a chassis dating from 1911 and a guard's van. The society's diverse freight wagons  are currently awaiting restoration. The collection of rolling stock also included Cowans-Sheldon 10-tonne railway crane NO 227 built in 1937, which was relocated to its new owners at the Ferrymead Railway in 2009 for restoration to working order.

Operation

Trains are run three times daily from Waihi to Waikino and return. The trip takes 30 minutes each way, with a 15-minute stopover at Waikino.  Unlike many heritage railways and regular rail services, the Goldfields Railway allows pets to ride on the train, though only on the open carriage that is included in each journey's consist. The railway also offers charter services by arrangement and regularly hosts themed rides as fundraisers for local organisations.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Official website of the Goldfields Railway

Heritage New Zealand Category 2 historic places in the Bay of Plenty Region
Heritage railways in New Zealand
Tourist attractions in the Bay of Plenty Region

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here are my late April socks, made with Austermann Step Sock Yarn with Aloe Vera. Very soft to knit and to wear. Once I got going, these didn't take so long -- size 2 needles. It's a basic step sock pattern I got online from Mary Maxim.
For May I'm trying circular needles for the first time. Wish me luck!


text:
Peter Edward Rose Sr.
Born: 4 / 14 / 1941 at Cincinnati, OH (USA)
This article was written by Andy Sturgill
The 1970 All-Star Game, at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati, was tied at 4-4 with two out in the bottom of the 12th inning. For the National League, Pete Rose was on second base and Billy Grabarkewitz on first. When Jim Hickman lined pitcher Clyde Wright's offering to center field, hometown hero Rose broke from second base. Rounding third as center fielder Amos Otis came up throwing, Rose barreled toward home plate, but between Rose and home plate stood catcher Ray Fosse, awaiting Otis' throw. Just as the ball arrived, Rose plowed into Fosse, sending the catcher sprawling with an injured shoulder. Rose touched the plate with the winning run, but not before putting himself and Fosse in harm's way in what was essentially an exhibition game.
Ten years later the Philadelphia Phillies were two outs from the first world championship in their 97-year history, but they were in big trouble. The Phillies were up three games to two and were ahead 4-1 in Game Six, but the Kansas City Royals had loaded the bases with one out on a walk and two hits. Pitcher Tug McGraw's first pitch to the Royals' Frank White was popped up foul near the first-base dugout, and catcher Bob Boone rushed over to secure the critical second out. Disaster almost struck. The ball bounced from Boone's mitt. Just as it was about to hit the ground, Phillies first baseman Pete Rose snatched it from certain calamity, recording the out. McGraw then struck out Willie Wilson to clinch the 1980 World Series title for the Phillies.
Pete Rose is among the most controversial figures in baseball history. His skill, reckless abandon, and desire to win endeared him to millions of baseball fans, but that same hard edge combined with personal missteps to give his detractors more than enough fodder to tear him down. Through baserunning and bravado, girlfriends and gambling, one thing was indisputable: Pete Rose was an outstanding baseball player.
Peter Edward Rose was born on April 14, 1941 at Deaconess Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, the third of four children born to Harry Francis Rose and LaVerne Bloebaum Rose. Most friends called his parents Pete and Rosie.1 With his sisters, Caryl and Jacqueline, and his younger brother, David, he grew up in the Anderson Ferry section of Cincinnati. Harry worked for Fifth Third Bank for more than 40 years, but his real claim to fame was as a semipro athlete. He boxed and played baseball, softball, and football well into his 40s. Harry chased all of his athletic pursuits with the same reckless determination that became his son's hallmark. Harry was determined to make his son an athlete from an early age, and always stressed to him that when you play, you play to win. Pete's father once told an amateur baseball coach that Pete would play for the team, but only on the condition that he be allowed to switch-hit. He was 8 years old.2
Pete attended Western Hills High School, a local incubator of baseball talent (12 alumni, including Rose and Don Zimmer, played major-league baseball). He excelled in football and baseball. He did not, however, excel in the classroom and as a result was forced to repeat the ninth grade. He could have avoided this fate by attending summer school, but his father objected on the ground that it would take time away from summer baseball.3 Because of this extra year Rose was ineligible to play baseball for Western Hills during his senior season, so he played in a semipro league, where he attracted the attention of scouts. Rose's uncle Buddy Bloebaum, who had played in the minors and was now a bird-dog scout for the Reds, had made it his goal to have the young Rose sign with the hometown team. On the day that Rose graduated from Western Hills in 1960, Uncle Buddy told the family that the Reds were willing to sign Rose for $7,000 plus another $5,000 if he made the majors. Years later Rose recalled, "I don't remember ever wanting to be anything but a professional athlete and it's a good thing I became one because I never prepared for anything else."4
After signing, Rose reported to the Class D Geneva (New York) Redlegs of the New York-Penn League, where he displaced a young Cuban named Tony Perez at second base. Pete hit .277 in his first professional season. Perez moved to third base and eventually to first, where he joined Rose as one of the key cogs in the Reds machine of the 1970s. After hitting .331 for the Class D Tampa Tarpons in 1961 and .330 with the Single-A Macon Peaches in 1962, Rose was invited to spring training with the Reds in 1963. While there were no great expectations for the young Rose, he impressed with his hitting, and manager Fred Hutchinson had it in mind to keep Rose on the active roster to start the season. Many Reds veterans did not want to see Rose make the squad – he would be replacing their buddy, Don Blasingame – but he hit so well that he gave the team no choice but to take him north.5
Just shy of his 22nd birthday, Rose made his major-league debut by starting on Opening Day 1963 at home against the Pittsburgh Pirates. He started his major-league career 0-for-12 before lining a triple into the gap in left-center field off Pittsburgh's Bob Friend. Hitting .273 and scoring 101 runs, Rose was named the National League Rookie of the Year. In July he met Karolyn Engelhardt at the River Downs racetrack in Cincinnati, and the two were married. Rose left his own wedding reception in order to attend the Parade of Stars dinner put on by Cincinnati's baseball writers.6
The 1964 season was not as smooth for Rose (.269, 64 runs scored), but he bounced back strong in 1965 and established himself as one of the better hitters in the National League. He led the league with 209 hits, made his first All-Star Team, and hit .312. It was the first of his 15 .300-or-better seasons.
Through the 1960s Rose continued to establish his credentials as a premier player. He twice led the league in hits (1965 and 1968), led the league in runs scored in 1969, and won his first two batting titles in 1968 and 1969. In 1969 he also won the first of consecutive Gold Gloves as an outfielder, after having moved out of the infield in 1967 and recording 20 outfield assists in 1968.
Rose's prominence brought his no-quarter-asked-none-given style of play into the spotlight. Perhaps no athlete in any sport has ever squeezed more production out of his ability than Rose, and nobody has ever wanted to win more. Joe Morgan, Rose's teammate with both the Reds and Phillies, wrote, "Pete played the game, always, for keeps. Every game was the seventh game of the World Series. He had this unbelievable capacity to literally roar through 162 games as if they were each that one single game."7 Rose was aggressive but smart, possessed superior instincts, and always hustled.8
Perhaps no word is used in connection with Rose more than "hustle." He knew of its importance to his big-league career, once saying, "I didn't get to the majors on God-given ability. I got there on hustle, and I have had to hustle to stay."9 It became an enduring part of Rose's persona through the nickname that defined him, Charlie Hustle, bestowed upon him by Whitey Ford, who saw him sprint to first after a walk during a spring training game.10 "That's the only way I know how to play the game" became Rose's standard response in explaining his approach on the field.11 Los Angeles Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully quipped that Rose "just beat out another walk."
In many ways Rose was a walking baseball contradiction. He was aggressive and combative on the field, but was accommodating and a great quote for the media. He was selfish—playing for stats, money, fame—but was also unselfish—he always picked up the check, routinely invited teammates to live with him,12 and willingly changed positions several times during his career, all for the benefit of his team or teammates. He loved being around smoke and alcohol, but did not smoke or drink himself.13
As good as Rose had been in the 1960s, the 1970s were even better for Rose and the Reds. Led by new manager Sparky Anderson in 1970 and sparked by the arrival of second baseman Joe Morgan and center fielder Cesar Geronimo in a trade with Houston after the 1971 season, the Reds dominated the National League for most of the decade. Driven by its powerful offense, the Big Red Machine captured four pennants and two World Series titles between 1970 and 1976.
On the field Rose served as The Machine's leadoff hitter and catalyst, infusing the Reds with his desire to win and intimidating opponents in the process. He caused an uproar before Game Five of the 1972 World Series against Oakland when he intimated to the press that Catfish Hunter wasn't all that great, then backed up his bravado by homering off Hunter to lead off the game and then getting the game-winning hit in the ninth off ace reliever Rollie Fingers. A year later Rose started a bench-clearing melee in the National League Championship Series against the Mets with a hard takeout slide of Met shortstop Bud Harrelson and wrestling Harrelson to the ground in the ensuing ruckus. Rose's fire led the Reds on the field, and the group of Rose, Johnny Bench, Tony Perez, and Joe Morgan controlled the clubhouse during the 1970s, in large part with a good-natured humor that left no one immune to serving as the butt of a joke.14
Pete's finest all-around season was probably 1973, when he won his third batting title (.338), had 230 hits, scored 115 runs and was named the National League's Most Valuable Player. Despite his personal achievements, the Reds season ended with a Game 5 NLCS loss to Harrelson and the Mets. In 1974 the 33-year-old Rose saw his average dip below .300 for the only time between 1965 and 1979, and whispers began that he was on the downside of his career.
After missing the postseason in 1974, the Reds and Rose came back with ferocity in 1975. He led the league in runs scored and doubles for the second season in a row, and the Reds blew away the National League West with a 108-54 mark. After some early inconsistency at the hot corner, Anderson asked Rose, on May 2, to move to third base for the good of the club—starting the next day. Rose complied, and throughout the remainder of the season he wore out coaches George Scherger and Alex Grammas by having them hit groundballs to him at third.15 Rose was never exceedingly fluid or swift at third, but he was serviceable. The move allowed Anderson to insert slugger George Foster into the Reds lineup in left field, and many have pointed to this as the inflection point when the Big Red Machine became THE Big Red Machine. Rose first took the field at third base when the Reds hosted the Braves on May 3, and from that point through the end of the regular season the team posted a mark of 96-42 (.695) and finished 20 games ahead of the Dodgers.
In the NLCS the Reds swept the Pirates in three games to advance to the World Series against Boston. This Series has gone down as one of the greatest in baseball history, with the high point coming during the epic sixth game that ended with Carlton Fisk famously waving his game-winning home run down the left field line to stay fair in the bottom of the 12th inning. Throughout the see-saw affair, many participants later testified, Rose could not stop babbling, "Isn't this great? This is the best game I've ever played in. Isn't this great? People will remember this game forever. Isn't this great?" or other such remarks.16 He repeated this claim to Sparky Anderson after the game, but he also promised his manager that the Reds would win Game Seven.17 The next night the Reds defeated the Red Sox, 4-3, to capture the first World Series championship for the Big Red Machine after Series losses in 1970 and 1972. The title was Cincinnati's first since 1940, and hometown hero Rose was named Series MVP after hitting .370 with a .485 on-base percentage. Rose later said he never saw the ball better than he did in the 1975 World Series, that it "looked like a beach ball."18 For Rose, the season was capped in December when Sports Illustrated named him its Sportsman of the Year.
The 1976 regular season played out in a remarkably similar fashion. Rose again led the league in runs scored, hits, and doubles, and posted numbers similar to his 1975 totals across the board. The Reds again won more than 100 games, swept through the NLCS (this time defeating the young Philadelphia Phillies), and swept the New York Yankees in the World Series.
While the Reds looked invincible on the field, the game off the field was changing like never before. Faced with the new economics of baseball in the aftermath of an arbitrator's decision that granted players the right to earn free agency, Reds general manager Bob Howsam and president Dick Wagner decided not to participate in the competition for players. Faced with the impending departure of free-agent starting pitcher Don Gullett, the Reds traded Tony Perez and left-handed reliever Will McEnaney to Montreal for pitchers Woodie Fryman and Dale Murray. Without Perez, Gullett, and McEnaney, the 1977 Reds slumped to second place. But it would be difficult to lay any of the blame at the feet of Rose. He had his standard season—he played every game, hit .311, and made the All-Star team—but the season was not without some drama. In the aftermath of the Perez trade, Rose and his agent, Reuven Katz, played hardball with the Reds in salary negotiations. He had made $188,000 in 1976, and after watching free-agent Reggie Jackson sign a huge deal with the Yankees, requested $400,000 for 1977. When the team balked, Rose took his case public through the media, expertly explaining his position to the fans, opening up the possibility of playing out his option and hitting free agency if he was not treated fairly, and galvanizing public opinion behind him. Eventually, on the eve of the 1977 season Rose signed for two years at $752,000, far more than the $425,000 the team had originally offered.19
Rose continued to pad his baseball rėsumė. In 1977 he passed Frankie Frisch's record for the most hits by a switch-hitter, and then on May 5, 1978, with a single against the Montreal Expos, became the 13th major leaguer to get 3,000 hits. Greeting him at first base after the milestone hit was his old pal Tony Perez. Pete notched two hits at home against the Cubs on June 14, and proceeded to get a hit in each of the next 43 games, offering what remains through the 2011 season as the most serious threat to Joe DiMaggio's record 56-game streak. When the streak reached 30 games the national media began to descend upon him and, ever the quote machine, offered, "Fine with me. I like talking about my base hits."20 Over the course of the streak Rose hit .385 with 18 multihit games and struck out only five times in 182 at-bats. He passed Tommy Holmes's 37-game mark from 1945 to set a new National League record, and was not stopped until after 44 games he went 0-for-4 on August 1 in Atlanta as Gene Garber struck him out to end the game. The Reds again finished second in the NL West. After the season Sparky Anderson was fired, and Rose, with his two-year contract expired, was allowed to enter free agency.
By most accounts Rose wanted to remain in Cincinnati for the rest of his career, and Katz, his agent, had even floated the idea of a lifetime contract. The Reds were not interested, so it was pretty well understood that Rose would leave Cincinnati. While it would be hard to argue that his play on the field had declined, Rose at this time was in the middle of a nasty divorce, and his hard lifestyle and even alleged associations with gamblers made the decision for the Reds to move on a bit easier.21
On the open market Rose had no shortage of suitors, and the bidding war that developed for his services included various enticements. August Busch, Jr., owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, offered Rose his own beer distributorship; Pirates owner and horse farmer John Galbraith offered race horses; and Ewing Kauffman of the Kansas City Royals offered stock in his pharmaceutical company.22 However, one team had caught Rose's eye as early as 1976: the Philadelphia Phillies. When the Big Red Machine squared off with the Phillies in the 1976 NLCS, Rose opined to Joe Morgan, "That team's got talent. All they need is a leader."23 After losing to the Reds in the playoffs in 1976, the Phillies won the NL East again in 1977 and '1978, only to lose the NLCS to the Dodgers both times. With the Phillies desperate to get over the hump and win their first World Series in franchise history, Rose seemed a natural fit, but it appeared that the Phillies could not afford him. Seeing an opportunity for a mutually beneficial relationship, Phillies executive Bill Giles asked the local television station that carried their games, WPHL, for an additional $200,000 in broadcasting rights fees if the team signed Rose, anticipating increased viewership. The station agreed, and on December 5, 1978, Rose signed with the Phillies for four years and $3.2 million. (The Phillies sold $3 million worth of tickets in the next 30 days.24) Still at issue was what position Rose would play; the Phillies' best player was third baseman Mike Schmidt, a brilliant hitter and fielder. A spring-training deal sent first baseman Richie Hebner to the New York Mets, opening a spot for Rose, who to this point had played three games at first in his career.
The 1979 Phillies slumped to a fourth place finish, but Rose more than held up his end of the bargain. He hit .331 with a league-leading.418 on-base percentage and a career-high 20 stolen bases. In the midst of a late-season slide, the Phillies fired manager Danny Ozark and replaced him with their high-strung scouting director,, Dallas Green. Green had been a pitcher for the Phillies in the 1960s and had given up Rose's only grand slam, a fact that Rose often reminded the manager of.25
In 1980 the Phillies returned to the postseason and, after a subpar – for him – regular season (.282), the NLCS gave Rose the stage to show exactly why he had been brought to Philadelphia. With the Phillies trailing the Astros in the best-of-five series two games to one, Rose singled with one out in the top of the tenth inning. After an out, Greg Luzinski ripped a ball into the left-field corner and Rose broke from first determined to score the go-ahead run. He tore around third, casting nary a glance at third-base coach Lee Elia, and rumbled towards home and Astros catcher Bruce Bochy. "I know Pete Rose," said Joe Morgan, now playing again for the Astros, "Pete Rose was never going to stop." As the relay from shortstop Rafael Landestoy neared the plate, Rose unloaded a forearm to Bochy's jaw as the ball bounced away. Rose scored the go-ahead run and the Phillies closed out the game in the bottom of the inning.
The next night in the winner-take-all Game Five, the Phillies were down 5-2 in the top of the eighth inning against Nolan Ryan. With the bases loaded and no outs, Rose stood in against Ryan and the two baseball legends engaged in an epic seven pitch at-bat with Rose ultimately earning a walk and an RBI to cut the lead to 5-3 and chase Ryan from the game. For once Rose did not sprint to first base, but arrogantly threw his bat toward the dugout and stared out at Ryan as he swaggered down to first. Philadelphia ended up taking a 7-5 lead, gave it up in the bottom of the inning, and finally won it in the tenth to clinch their first pennant in 30 years. While second baseman Manny Trillo was named the NLCS MVP, Rose reached base 13 times in 25 plate appearances, and his attitude energized his team. The Phillies dispatched the Royals in six games to win their first World Series in the team's history, and Rose's purpose for signing with the Phillies was fulfilled.
Rose broke Stan Musial's National League hits record in the first game back after the end of the 1981 player strike, and hit .325 for the season. After two subpar seasons for the club, the Phillies acquired 41-year-old Tony Perez and 39-year-old Joe Morgan to join the 42-year-old Rose on the Phillies for the 1983 season. The team was dubbed the Wheeze Kids, a takeoff on the Phillies' youthful 1950 pennant winners, the Whiz Kids. After the Phillies sputtered to a record just above .500 halfway through the season, manager Pat Corrales was replaced by Paul Owens. From that point, the Phillies raced ahead of the pack, winning the East by six games. Rose was hitting only .248 at the end of August, and his playing time was diminished significantly during the stretch drive in favor of rookie Len Matuszek. Rose hit only .220 in 50 September at-bats. Due to roster rules at the time, Matuszek was ineligible for postseason play, and like an old warhorse on its last charge at the enemy, Rose hit .344 in nine postseason games as the Phillies beat the Dodgers in the NLCS before losing to Baltimore in the World Series. Three days after the World Series ended, Rose was released by the Phillies.
Perhaps needing a gate attraction more than a 43-year-old hitter, the Montreal Expos signed Rose in January 1984. He played in 95 games for the Expos, then was traded back to Cincinnat on August 16, where he became player-manager. Rose played at first base and as a pinch-hitter, in pursuit of Ty Cobb's major-league hits record. He reached that milestone on September 11, 1985, at home against the Padres with a looping single to left off Eric Show for the 4,192nd hit of his career. As fans stood and cheered and teammates swarmed around him, Rose tearfully embraced his 15-year old son, Pete Jr., in the area around first base.
Rose played through the 1986 season, but never officially filed for retirement. His accomplishments were staggering. As of 2011 he was the leader in hits, games played, at-bats, plate appearances, singles, and times on base. He was second in doubles and sixth in runs scored, and retired with a lifetime .303 batting average. He won an MVP, a World Series MVP, a Silver Slugger award, and two Gold Gloves. His teams won six pennants and three World Series.
Rose stayed on as manager of the Reds through the beginning of the 1989 season, by which time his life had become very interesting. He had been suspended for 30 days in 1988 for shoving umpire Dave Pallone, but what sat before Rose a year later was far more serious. Allegations arose that he had bet on major-league games in violation of the sport's most sacred rule. Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti retained John Dowd to investigate the matter, and the Dowd Report was presented to Giamatti in May. The report's most stirring conclusion was that Rose had in fact bet on baseball during his tenure as Reds manager. In late August 1989, Rose and Giamatti agreed to a settlement in which Rose would be declared permanently ineligible from baseball, with the ability to ask for reinstatement after one year. Meanwhile, Rose steadfastly maintained that he had not bet on baseball
Less than a year later, in April 1990, Rose pleaded guilty to charges related to income-tax evasion and served five months in the federal penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. After the tax due, interest, and fees had been paid, he was released from prison in January 1991.
Being placed on the permanently-ineligible list barred Rose from attending official ceremonies, with the exception of the All-Century Team presentation during the 1999 World Series. His number 14, which certainly would have been retired by the Reds, has been issued by the team only once since his banishment, and that to his son Pete Rose, Jr. during the younger Rose's brief tenure with the club in 1997.
After 15 years of vehemently denying that he had bet on baseball, Rose, in his book My Prison Without Bars (2004) admitted that he had. However, even this could not be done without controversy, as the book coincided with the announcement of that year's Hall of Fame class.
In his 70s and still a fixture at baseball card and autograph shows, Rose spent more than 20 hours a week greeting fans and signing autographs at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas for much of the decade of the 2000s. So long as the individual paid the autograph fee, Rose would sign anything, including the Dowd Report and his mug shot from his tax-evasion charges.26
It's all part of the hustle.
Last revised: May 1, 2014
This biography is included in the book "The Great Eight: The 1975 Cincinnati Reds" (University of Nebraska Press, 2014), edited by Mark Armour. For more information, or to purchase the book from University of Nebraska Press, click here.
1 David Jordan, Pete Rose: A Biography (Chicago: Greenwood, 2004), 3-4.
2 Joe Posnanski, The Machine (New York: William Morrow, 2009), 129.
3 Jordan, Pete Rose, 5.
5 Greg Rhodes & John Erardi, Big Red Dynasty (Cincinnati: Road West Publishing, 1997), 23-24.
6 Jordan, Pete Rose, 26.
7 Joe Morgan and David Falkner, Joe Morgan: A Life in Baseball (New York: W.W. Norton, 1993), 285.
8 Rich Westcott and Frank Bilovsky, The Phillies Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004), 244.
9 Westcott and Bilovsky, The Phillies Encyclopedia, 244.
10 Pete Rose and Roger Kahn, Pete Rose: My Story (New York: Macmillan, 1989), 9.
11 Mark Frost, Game Six (New York: Hyperion, 200), 59.
12 Bob Molinaro, telephone interview with author, May 27, 2011.
13 Posnanski, The Machine, 91-95.
14 Robert "Hub" Walker, Cincinnati and the Big Red Machine (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988), 68.
15 Rob Neyer and Eddie Epstein, Baseball Dynasties (New York: W.W. Norton, 2000), 314.
16 Posnanski, The Machine, 3.
17 Rhodes and Erardi, Big Red Dynasty, 216.
18 Frost, Game Six, 265.
19 Rose and Kahn, Pete Rose, 180-185.
22 Bill Giles with Doug Myers, Pouring Six Beers at a Time (Chicago: Triumph Books, 2007), 131-132.
23 Giles, Pouring Six Beers at a Time, 121.
25 Frank Fitzpatrck, You Can't Lose 'Em All (Boulder, Colorado; Taylor Trade Publishing, 2001), 74.
26 Posnanski, The Machine, 266-275.


Mark is the Chief Technology Officer for Avanade in the UK. Mark has been with Avanade for over 15 years and has held a number of leadership positions including heading Application Development and Head of Digital. He has worked with Microsoft technologies for over 25 years, developing software and delivering large, leading edge integration projects for some of the largest UK organisations across a range of industries with a particular focus on energy and resources. He currently studying the AI course from Stanford University online. Mark studied at UMIST and Lancaster. He and his wife Susannah have two young daughters, who keep Mark busy when he is not working.


International business leader and founder of Aiteo Group, Benedict Peters, has received the 2018 'African Icon of the Year' award at the Foreign Investment Network (FIN) and Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources Honorary Patrons Dinner and Awards Night which held at the Nigeria International Petroleum Summit, Abuja last Monday.
The award is an acknowledgement of Peters' significant contribution to oil and gas development in Africa, his visionary leadership, distinguished service and transformational foray into a sector dominated by International Oil Companies.
& Gas Leader of the Year.


text:
NASA and SpaceX Launch First Rocket to Test Defense Against Giant Asteroid By Starting With Small One
NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), the world's first full-scale mission to test technology for defending Earth against potential asteroid or comet hazards, launched Wednesday on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Vandenberg Space Base in California.
Just one part of NASA's larger planetary defense strategy, DART – built and managed by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland – will impact a known asteroid that is not a threat to Earth. Its goal is to slightly change the asteroid's motion in a way that can be accurately measured using ground-based telescopes.
DART will show that a spacecraft can autonomously navigate to a target asteroid and intentionally collide with it – a method of deflection called kinetic impact. The test will provide important data to help better prepare for an asteroid that might pose an impact hazard to Earth, should one ever be discovered. LICIACube, a CubeSat riding along with DART and provided by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), will be released prior to DART's impact to capture images of the impact and the resulting cloud of ejected matter.
"It is an indescribable feeling to see something you've been involved with since the 'words on paper' stage become real and launched into space," said Andy Cheng, one of the DART investigation leads at Johns Hopkins APL and the individual who came up with the idea of DART. "The teams have much work to do over the next year preparing for the main event ─ DART's kinetic impact on Dimorphos. But tonight we celebrate!"
The spacecraft completed the successful unfurling of its two, 28-foot-long, roll-out solar arrays. They will power both the spacecraft and NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster – Commercial ion engine, one of several technologies being tested on DART for future application on space missions.
DART is making a one-way trip to the Didymos asteroid system, which comprises a pair of asteroids. DART's target is the moonlet, Dimorphos, which is approximately 530 feet (160 meters) in diameter. The moonlet orbits Didymos, which has a diameter of 2,560 feet (780 meters).
Since Dimorphos orbits Didymos at much a slower relative speed than the pair orbits the Sun, the result of DART's kinetic impact within the binary system can be measured much more easily than a change in the orbit of a single asteroid around the Sun.
The spacecraft will intercept the Didymos system between Sept. 26 and Oct. 1, 2022, intentionally slamming into Dimorphos at roughly 4 miles per second (6 kilometers per second). Scientists estimate the kinetic impact will shorten Dimorphos' orbit around Didymos by several minutes—and researchers will precisely measure that change from telescopes on Earth.
Roughly four years after DART's impact, ESA's (European Space Agency) Hera project will conduct detailed surveys of both asteroids, with particular focus on the crater left by DART's collision and a precise determination of Dimorphos' mass.
"DART is turning science fiction into science fact and is a testament to NASA's proactivity and innovation for the benefit of all," said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. "We're also working to protect that home, and this test will help prove out one viable way to protect our planet from a hazardous asteroid should one ever be discovered that is headed toward Earth."
No one has yet identified any significant asteroid impact threat to Earth, but the goal of the DART collaboration is to find any possible impact, years to decades in advance, so it can be deflected with a capability like DART, which is possible with the technology we currently have.
DART's single instrument, the Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for Optical navigation (DRACO), will turn on a week from now and provide first images from the spacecraft. DART will continue to travel just outside of Earth's orbit around the Sun for the next 10 months until Didymos and Dimorphos will be a relatively close 6.8 million miles (11 million km) from Earth.
Arsenal's Vivianne Miedema sets WSL record in win over Manchester United
Kid A Mnesia Exhibition is an unsettling and beautiful Radiohead art exhibit


text:
Home > Whiskey Reviews > Scotch > John Barr Scotch Review
John Barr Scotch Review
Produced to honor one of the most outstanding whiskey entrepreneurs of modern history, Mr. John Barr Cumming, John Barr Scotch is a superior blended scotch whiskey produced by the whiskey makers at Whyte & Mackay.
John Barr Gold Scotch Whisky - 750ml Bottle
John Barr Reserve Blend Scotch Whisky - 1.75l Bottle
It's believed that John Barr Scotch was designed to compete neck-to-neck with Johnnie Walker, Diageo's famous workhorse of a brand. There's a considerable resemblance in the square bottling and labeling.
John Barr Scotch History
How to drink John Barr Scotch
In a bid to protect its overseas agents, the DCL, after being ordered by the European Commission to address issues concerning dual pricing of goods, took Johnnie Walker Red Label and several other blends off the market. This distinguished blend was introduced in 1978 to compensate for a legal skirmish that took Johnnie Walker Red Label off UK store shelves. The brand was put together by the same Johnnie Walker team but licensed to George Cowie & Sons Ltd, closely associated with Speyside's Mortlach Distillery.
In the early 1980s, John Barr Scotch was popular in the Midlands and northwest England but never featured among the top players nationally. The label was sold off to Invergordon Distillers along with Claymore and Usher's when Guinness took over the DCL in 1986. When Invergordon was taken over by Whyte & Mackay in 1993, its master blender Richard Paterson, became the man behind John Barr Scotch whiskey's make-up, improving it significantly.
John Barr Scotch was relaunched in early 2017 with new contemporary packaging embossed with the words 'Since 1881' in reference to Whyte & Mackay's heritage.
Where is John Barr Scotch made?
John Barr Scotch is produced by Whyte & Mackay, one of Scotland's most esteemed whiskey houses. This establishment was started by James Whyte and Charles Mackay when they began their career as whiskey merchants in Glasgow in 1881.
Today, this distillery has earned the title of UK SPIRITS PRODUCER OF THE YEAR by The International Wine And Spirits Competition.
How is John Barr Scotch made?
John Barr finest blend is a Scotch whiskey that is classified as blended scotch whiskey. This smoky blend contains 40 constituent whiskeys, often from different distilleries, including Speyside and Highland malt whiskeys up to 15 years old. The process marries Highland Malt and grain whiskeys for structure and richness and Speyside varieties for a mellow finish.
The individual percentage of each malt whiskey may be small, but each contributes its unique character to the blend. This revered blend in the Whyte & Mackay portfolio is carefully crafted by the house's 3rd generation master blender.
John Barr Scotch Whiskey Variations
After the brand was relaunched in 2012, it was available to consumers in two expressions that were intended to compete directly against Johnnie Walker Red Label and Johnnie Walker Black Label:
John Barr Finest (red label) - This standard harmonious blend is smooth, elegant, and refined.
John Barr Reserve (black label) - This premium blend contains older malt and a smokier profile.
Being one blended by legendary blender Richard Paterson, John Barr is a rich style of scotch whiskey that does pretty okay for a $23 price. It has a mild aroma and a middling palate marred by a very common grain-whiskey-induced, vodka-like note.
The scent of this whiskey is very slightly peaty over a mildly sweet vanilla malt with a touch of faint caramel. If you spend more time exploring, you'll pick up some bit of leathery scent.
This whiskey is a warming golden amber in color.
Mildly syrupy body. Sweet and malt transition to caramel and a hint of black pepper. The grain elements are revealed on the tongue, with a twinge of young grain that comes off as sourness.
John Barr Scotch is one whiskey that's quite limiting in how you can drink it. Thankfully, the taste is somewhat nuanced and exciting for a blend. There's enough boldness and presence here that it's sippable neat. Pour it in a glass and enjoy it neat; your first sip will open up into a lot of rich fruit, including dates and apricot. Giving it enough time to sit on your tongue, you might get some tastes of clove, white chocolate, and maple.
It doesn't mix very well with coke and other sodas. We also recommend that you avoid adding water or ice to it. A few drops of water or a few pieces of ice can muddle the aroma, releasing some nondescript fruit notes but confusing the rest.
This scotch whiskey is one spirit that competes favorably well with other scotches and tends to be a love-it-or-hate-it type of product.
John Barr Scotch is for you if you always have fun drinking something with clear highs and lows that averages evenly than something boring through and through. However, this scotch whisky isn't for you if you don't like spirits with a musty, scummy kind of leather scent.


text:
Nucleation, the initial process that occurs in the formation of a crystal from a solution, a liquid, or a vapour, in which a small number of ions, atoms, or molecules become arranged in a pattern characteristic of a crystalline solid, forming a site upon which additional particles are deposited as the crystal grows.
Nucleation processes are classed as heterogeneous or homogeneous. In the former, the surface of some different substance, such as a dust particle or the wall of the container, acts as the centre upon which the first atoms, ions, or molecules of the crystal become properly oriented; in the latter, a few particles come into correct juxtaposition in the course of their random movement through the bulk of the medium. Heterogeneous nucleation is more common, but the homogeneous mechanism becomes more likely as the degree of supersaturation or supercooling increases. Substances differ widely in the likelihood that they will crystallize under conditions in which the crystalline state is the inherently stable one; glycerol is a well-known example of a compound prone to supercooling.
This article was most recently revised and updated by William L. Hosch, Associate Editor.
ice in lakes and rivers: Nucleation of ice crystals
Before ice can form, water must supercool and ice crystals nucleate. Homogeneous nucleation (without the influence of foreign particles) occurs well below the freezing point, at temperatures that are not observed in water bodies. The temperature of heterogeneous nucleation (nucleation beginning…
climate: Snow and sleet
Ice crystals generally form on ice nuclei at temperatures appreciably below the freezing point. Below −40 °C (−40 °F) water vapour can solidify without the presence of a nucleus. Snowflakes are aggregates of ice crystals that appear in an infinite variety of shapes, mainly at temperatures near the freezing point…
industrial glass: Glass ceramics
After nucleation is carried out for a predetermined time, the crystals are allowed to grow to maturity at an elevated temperature.…
More About Nucleation
electrocrystallization
In electrochemical reaction: Electrocrystallization
glass formation
In industrial glass: Cooling from the melt
In industrial glass: Glass ceramics
ice crystals
In ice in lakes and rivers: Nucleation of ice crystals
net-transfer reactions
In metamorphic rock: Principal types
In climate: Snow and sleet
Homogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous nucleation
Crystal growth
Computer, device for processing, storing, and displaying information. Computer once meant a person who…
Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in Earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. The…
Automobile, a usually four-wheeled vehicle designed primarily for passenger transportation and commonly…