I am contemplating a *new* 50-size nitro aircraft engine for a project I have and I would truly value all of your expert opinions. As a bit of a back drop, I have been flying RC for about 40 years and I've flown several different brands, i.e. OS, Super Tigre, ENYA, K&B, Moki, Saito, even Cox...to name a few. So, I may have experience, but I am certainly not an expert on engines by any means.
What is the best, highest quality and most reliable nitro engine in the market?
Personally, I really like Enya and Moki: OS has been a hit or miss for me, but I read mostly positive reviews from fellow modelers. My .60FX is horrible.
For me I don't rate my engines on their power; I rate them on their total performance - manufactured quality, reliability, dependability, and durability. I want an engine that always runs well, smoothly, very high quality, and purrs like a kitten.
My OS .60 has never run well and I've had a professional engine guy at my former club (SCCMAS) try to figure it out w/ no luck. The best I can say about it is that I have certainly become an expert @ dead stick landings!!
Please share your views and opinions with me.
Tom, I'm not a big fan of any OS engine made past 1990. That being said I had no issues with a .61 FX that I once had. I too was a member of SCCMAS 1997-2014, I can't really recall anyone out there in recent years I would comfortably call an engine expert. I voted for Rossi because not only do they make great power but they are very reliable and easy to operate.
Last edited by speedracerntrixie; 03-13-2019 at 11:53 AM.
That's the same year range I belonged to SCCMAS although I left in 2010 I think. The guy I was working with was a retired fellow - Kent Kollings (if I remember the name correctly). Great guy...great teacher. We tried about everything to get my OS to run. Pretty much ended up overhauling the entire carb. Sometimes you just get a dud, I guess. He kept telling me that it was "loading up" in the air; yet it ran fine on the ground. We tried different props, different plugs, different fuel. She would start easy and seemingly run fine but nearly every time she'd die in the air and I'd dead stick'r in.
I've never owner or run a Rossi, but I've heard plenty of good things about them. Pretty pricy $$ though. I'm looking at an OS 40 4-stroke (older Surpass engine) and also and older Enya 46-4C 4-stroke. I had been looking at the OS 56 alpha as well.
I have used K&B .61 engines for years as I have several of them. Even though they are an older design, they have always been my favorite 2-stroke .61. They are not much bigger than a .45, are very light and put out decent power. They are extremely reliable and durable as they are double ball bearing, have a steel chrome plated cylinder with an aluminum ringed piston. They are still made by MECOA but you can buy an excellent used one for $60-$70. The are not a high RPM engine as you need to keep the RPM at around 12,000 or less for long life. They have a pressed in crankpin and continuous RPM at 13,000 or more can cause the pin to fail (I have done it). I run 11x8, 11x9 and 12x7 APC props (about 12,000 RPM) and the torque is there for great performance.
They are also very good on fuel consumption.
If I recall correctly Kent was rather tall, soft spoken, grey hair that could have been in a pony tail. The way he had you trying different things and claimed that the engine loaded up while in flight would lead me to beleive that he didn't have much of a handle on the situation. When in flight an engine will gain a few hundred RPM over on the ground. This will tend to lean the engine slightly. It's very rare for an engine that is running rich to quit in flight but very common for an engine to quit from being lean. The newer OS construction ( ABN ) is far less tolerant of lean runs then a true ABC construction. Another good sign of someone who really knows engines is they tune the engine according to what it does in flight not what it does on the ground.
Im sure we crossed paths at some point, my main interest during that time frame was IMAC. If you saw somone flying a 40% yellow Extra or an Orange Extra odds were it was me. I also participated in the Triangle series of pylon racing, both .46 modified and unlimited classes. Ended up winning season championships in both classes with Rossi engines.
Yep, that was Kent! I guess that from my perspective of being one that is by far NOT an engine expert, he seemed very knowledgeable and that he knew what he was doing. But that was just my perspective is all.
I really liked SCCMAS, but it was a quite a drive for me: I lived in Pleasanton at the time.
Your reply sparks an interesting debate and another set of questions from me.
I grew up in a very tiny farming community of ~1500 in northern Michigan. T'was one of these towns where everyone knew everybody right down to what one had for dinner every night practically. Anybody committing any form of dishonesty and the news spread like wildfire even if there were no substantiated facts. In that era and in that town if a fellow modeler offered to sell you a "used" engine you could certainly trust them that it was a worthy purchase and the engine was good. That was long before RCU and long before EBay.
Unfortunately, in this day and age when somebody tries to sell a used engine to me I never know who or what to believe anymore. I once had a very trusted LHS try to sell me what they claimed was a brand new engine. They pulled it out of their showcase in all of its glory w/ the box & paperwork. Everything was still wrapped in plastic. Almost immediately, though, I noticed through the plastic wrapping that the throttle linkages looked rusty. The LHS owner attempted to explain that this was normal. Then I noticed that the engine mounts had clear signs of bolt marks. With that the LHS owner confessed that, "Alright, the engine was sold to me by a friend and he claimed that the engine was mounted in one of his planes, but never run. So I am selling it as brand new."
Then I looked into the exhaust port and could clearly see that there was black oil residue and scoring on the piston. The LHS owner promptly defended this by saying, "Okay, okay, the fellow may have run the engine once or twice, but you can see it's in perfect condition."
Another time, I had a guy sell me a NIB engine from an online auction. I get it and find that the crankcase is cracked.
Long story short, who do you trust anymore? And, what exactly does "Used but in Near Perfect Condition" Or "Used, Mint Condition" or "Used, Excellent Condition" truly mean w/o having the engine professionally checked out? So to answer your question, yes I guess I was really looking for a brand new engine even if that means NOS.
That brings up the second topic: New Technology vs. Old Technology.
In the 70s and 80s when I was getting into the hobby, there were 2 names in town: K&B and ENYA. The debate on these was just as fierce as that w/ cars; American vs. Japanese. Then a couple of the guys got hold of Super Tigre engines and these became the absolute rage. I like all three and currently have an ST .61 in my SIG King Kobra. My very first engine was an ENYA .09, which I still have. The ENYA's have always seemed to run silky smooth for me, and have been very reliable. Now, though, even though ENYA still makes engines they are hard to come by except seeing them regularly pop up on EBay or RCU.
My question, though, is that I've heard and read tons in the forums from guys that absolutely swear up-n-down that the older engines from Super Tigre and OS are far superior than the newer ones. On the converse, I've heard and read equally as much in the opposite direction that the newer engines are better. As I mentioned before, the OS 61 FX I have is just a dud; however, the newer OS engines seem to be all of the rage. The new OS 4-stroke Alphas seemingly look, sound, and perform very well and the reviews I read are stellar....are they truly? The older ST round head engines are seemingly very excellent; today's ST engines sell for very minimal prices everywhere I look and nobody seems to want them anymore.
What is fact vs. fiction?
If you want the highest quality and fit and finish, you cannot go wrong with Novarossi or Dub Jett. The customer service from Dub Jett is stellar. That is, if you're looking for 2-stroke.
SCCMAS was once the premier site in California. Then people's egos started taking over. They started having perceived issues with the competitive pilots and really cut back on holding events. The club president in a newsletter authorized all members to police one another and then all hell broke loose. I had one occasion where the wind was blowing the left to right. While on landing approach with a 40% Extra I had one member yelling at me stating that I was over one of the ponds. First off, you should never raise your voice to another member for any reason, secondly he created a safety issue. I had one disagreement with Kent. I was flying a .40 size P-51 pylon airplane and had the engine go lean so I throttled back to idle and attempted to transition back to to part throttle but no dice. I called out dead Stick and headed for the runway. Kent happened to be on approach and had to abort to give me access to the runway. Afterwards he came up and questioned why I called deadstick with a running engine. I informed him that although running it would not transition, he walked away less then happy. When I moved to Sacramento I did not miss SCCMAS.
Back to engines. I too am of the older is better crowd. I own several OS 2 strokes but nothing that was made after 1995. To remain competitive with the market they had to make some changes. These changes make for an engine that just isn't the same. I haven't bought a new engine besides a YS 4 stroke in over 15 years. EBay and swap meets are where I look for engines. Last weekend I stumbled onto an OS .61 RFP. On inspection it had been rebuilt with a new piston/liner and bearings. The pump did not appear to have been tampered with. I couldn't hand the gentleman the 65.00 fast enough.
Tom, Once again, when I first read your post I suspected that you might be nervous about considering a used engine.That being said if you can inspect the engine, or get a money back guarantee, it might be less of a gamble. I have occasionally picked engines up at swap meets, some times as runners, and sometimes for parts. The last internet engine I bought was a Kraft .61. A friend found a couple of engines fairly cheep. He kept one, and offered me the Kraft. It was a true NOS never been bolted down engine. When the Kraft was introduced, it was just another one of several good pattern engines. The price was reasonable, and all I want it for is a Jensen Ugly Stick.The reason I commented about Super Tigre is that after many years of manufacturing in Italy, production was moved to China. I've never had a Chinese built Tigre, but a lot of the feedback on the net has been uncomplimentary.
On the subject of technology consider the Veco/K&B 61. It's probably close to a 50 year old design. Over the years it's had updates, but basically it close to original. Today we have .50's, and 55's that will produce the same or more hp, Years ago all our engines were loop scavenged, they turned larger props at lower rpm's. In the early 70's the Schneurel .port engines were developed, that turned smaller props at higher rpm's making more horse power.So technology has brought us better designs, but that doesn't necessary mean better quality. OS used to be the gold standard for quality. Some will say that's no longer true.Consider Thunder Tiger. They started out some 40 years ago copying OS engines in Taiwan. Gradually they came up with many of their own designs that performed exceptionally well, especially considering their price. Then production was moved to China, and quality went down. If you decide to consider a used engine, try to get help from someone who could inspect it, or at least suggest what questions to ask. Good luck on what ever you decide to do.
I entertain myself from time to time by watching SCCMAS YouTube videos. There's definitely some good ones out there. Especially the one with the guy flying the giant scale Zero w/ total collision with another guy flying a helicopter. And yes, there were definitely some arrogant folks flying there. I only ever flew in the early evenings on weekdays and so there was rarely anyone ever there. Previously I belonged to Diablo Valley RC up in Pittsburg. Great club; great people but it was constantly windy there so 90% of the time you'd get to the field and not be able to fly.
Anyway, I was always taught and have subsequently taught my son that it's far better to invest in known high quality products rather than be cheap and by crap only to have to go buy it all over again later.
I was wondering about Thunder Tiger engines. I've heard and read many good things about their engines except on the inverse of what you describe. Thought I read somewhere recently that the company picked up a handful of OS engine designers and as a result their late model 4-strokes were stellar performers. I missed out on a NIB ST 75 round head (NOS) on EBay the other week that sold for a mere $128. There's an ST 40 round head up for auction now, but I am skeptical about its true condition.
As I said before, growing up K&B engines were the household name and I remember when they came with the Perry carb and pump. To your point about having someone inspect a used engine, I don't know how to do that when buying off of EBay and unfortunately none of the guys in the club I was just recently in were any more intelligent about engines than I am. The only guy I know is Mr. Bennett (Bennett Built) from a few miles north of me here in Granger.
What do you think of the newer OS alpha series 4-strokes? That 56a looks incredible and the reviews I've read are really good.
Tom, I had forgotten that it was reported that Thunder Tiger hired some of the OS engineers who developed their 4 stroke engines. I have very little 4 stroke experience with Thunder Tiger, and none with the newer OS Alpha series engines.
Jett engines are the best in that size without a doubt! Easy to start, very powerful, great carb with incredible throttling. I have around 30 or so .40 to .50 size engines. Jett .46 is my favorite. Second favorite OPS Monza .40, third Skyward .40 made by Picco.
Jett engines are the best in that size without a doubt! Easy to start, very powerful, great carb with incredible throttling.
. Jett .46 is my favorite. Second favorite OPS Monza .40, third Skyward .40 made by Picco.
have you even flown any of the later model HP engines ?
Some people like Chevy, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Hyundai, Tesla, and never owned the other brands to compare. Same with glow engines. The fact the OP said he's owned many and feels he's not an expert, and asks for random input, just seems odd to me. Three times he bashed OS in the thread.
I've been in the hobby for about 40 years myself, from control line to RC, and voted Rossi. Saito wasn't on the list.
Haven't enjoyed the cost of Rossi glow plugs, or their fuel consumption, and certainly wouldn't throw an OS in the trash either. Not a K&B fan, not an Enya fan. Not for RC. They were great for C/L. OS were always disposable engines for me, run them two seasoned and dump it fast on Ebay before the engine wears out. Not a nickel fan. I had 7 years on my Rossi, ran like new. Nowadays, I'm just too much a 4 stroke guy. Easy on fuel, easy on my ears, and I don't even need a glow starter. I like back flipping the prop.
Well....it's like this, J330, most of the guys in ALL the clubs I have been with have owned and flown dozens of planes over the span of their hobby-life. Most of these planes have been ARFs. As such these guys know how to open a box, use a few basic hand tools, and assemble what comes out to be a dang nice looking airplane with all the spiffy finishing touches. They throw in an engine and they go fly their shiny new plane. They may have 100s of hours of flying time and may have been in the hobby 40, 50, 60 years. If you ask them, though, what do they really know about an airplane the answers I have received are, "truthfully, not much."
It is a far cry different to build a model from a kit or even from scratch like I do, have thoroughly studied flight principles and aerodynamics like I have, are able to differentiate high quality building materials from poor like I am, and truthfully call oneself and "expert" modeler than it is lie about it and say the same thing when all a person has done is assemble parts together from a box.
That's what I am saying about my knowledge and expertise with engines. Yes, I have owned and operated many different types of engines in my life. Have I tore them apart, inspected how they've been manufactured, assessed their performance...etc. like many of you have? No. We all have our strengths; we all have our weaknesses. I am a mechanical engineer by education and training. I've designed dozens of electro-mechanical tools and pieces of machinery in my life. I know the mechanics of engines pretty well, but I am not an engine designer. I know when my car engine is running correctly and how to maintain it properly, but I am not a certified engine mechanic.
So maybe it seems odd to you that I am seeking input from fellow modelers, but the wisdom and knowledge that all of you guys (and gals) bring to the table far surpasses my own. Hence, it's wise of me to not rely on my own judgement, but to also seek that of others. My dad - God rest his soul - could run circles around the very best electricians, plumbers, and HVAC people out there, but all he had was a high school education. Do you get my point?
The voting tool only allows for 4 selections otherwise, yes, I would have included Saito, Thunder Tiger, Super Tigre, NovaRossi, MVVS, and many others. As it is, I included only those engines that I have some practical knowledge of. And in truth, I am not bashing OS. If you read my posts all I said was that the OS 61 FX I have has never run right and that other people whom - right, wrong, or indifferent - I have considered "experts" couldn't get it to run right either. Does that mean I don't like OS engines? No. It just means I have few data points of comparison with them, which is again why I am seeking advice from folks such as yourself.
I guess I should have qualified my request better. From my limited knowledge from only sources of reading, JETT, Rossi, and NovaRossi engines are very high performance marvels intended for racing or competitive applications. Truthfully, though, I didn't know NovaRossi made anything other than buggy/car engines. True or untrue I don't know. The Moki's I have had all were excellent engines, too. I like my Saito 125 GK. What I am trying to get a better picture of, though, is why some engine brands are vastly more sought after than others?
Over the years I have heard and read dozens of views and opinions about Super Tigre (for example). If you go onto EBay or RCU, folks are unloading their Super Tigre engines for incredibly low prices, why? I see the same thing occurring w/ OS engines to some degree. And when you watch these auctions and see that there are few takers logic dictates that you have to question when so many fellow modelers see these ads but are passing them up, does this mean people are questioning the quality and reliability of them from their own experience or does it mean more so that more and more modelers are choosing to go electric and gas due to the cost and messiness of glo-fuel? My guess is that it's probably the latter; I don't know that for sure, but when I read articles online I am gradually learning that the quality of Super Tigre may have declined dramatically when the manufacturing moved to China. OS on the other hand seems to be making steady strides to ever improve their engine quality and performance. Despite my limited experience I would have to argue that going w/ an OS engine is a very safe bet.
I tend to agree about going 4-stroke, which is why I have been seriously looking at the OS Alpha series four strokes like the 52 and 56. The reviews are really great for these.
With all of that being said, I am just trying to make a wise decision on my next engine purchase and I cannot emphasize enough how much I value yours and everybody else's view and opinions above my own.
That's another engine brand I have been very curious about - HP! But honestly I get confused between HP and HB....are they the same. Please share your thoughts on these.
Sport Jett, Novarossi, Picco, etc. all make high performance engines. True. But they don't need to be used in racing applications. They're popular with 3D because their carburetion and performance/reliability are so impeccable.
Sport Jett engines are just that - sport engines. The LX series engines are high performance engines based on racing heritage. They are one step below racing engines. The L series engines on the other hand, are torque engines. Designed for larger props at lower revs. The difference is the Jett will turn the same prop faster and smoother than any OS or ST engine or about any other sport engine of similar or same displacement.
Email Dub Jett and give him your specs/needs and he will tell you what engine you need and how much it'll cost. He builds to order. No other sport engine is made that way.
I guess I better qualify my previous messaging even more. When I think of model engine "experts" I also think about the guys that can take pretty much any engine and re-engineer, overhaul, or totally rebuild the thing. For instance, I'm really impressed with the guys that can take a glow engine and convert it to gas. Yes, I can take my engines apart and clean them and lubricate them...etc., but I consider that all just basic maintenance work. Likewise, if I strip out a bolt or need to replace a part w/ a like-for-like part, those are things I have knowledge of. But I know plenty of guys that have been flying RC for years that cannot do those things either. I've seen them get frustrated with their gear and just throw it all in the trash rather than spend a little effort to get things fixed.
What makes some of these engines, e.g. JETT, Rossi, MOKI, NovaRossi...etc. so much better than others? Is it the manufacturing process? Is it the quality of the metals and metal alloys used? Is it the porting, the bearings, the design? All of the above? Evolution engines look really sweet, but I've never read anything really great about them. There was a time when I read that Magnum, Aviastar, ASP, and Thunder Tiger engines were total junk, but on the flipside I've read posts from guys that swear by them.
I love to hear examples from folks that run a given engine for years and state that these engines still run and perform like new....tell me more!! It's the ones that share stories about buying a brand new engine and having it run great out of the box for a couple gallons of fuel and then share horrors of these engines literally falling apart w/ broken rods, shot bearings, rough idling...etc. that really worry me and those are the engines I want to learn enough about to stay away from them. Clearly this means that some engines must be built for short duration high performance, yes/no/maybe?
In the 70's soooo many fliers I was around swore up and down that FOX, ENYA, and K&B were the best of the best of the best, but here and now I read otherwise.
Last edited by the Wasp; 03-16-2019 at 11:13 AM.
Rossi .45 is also a very good engine. Just a bit heavy. HP,s are light but average power.


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Only Self by Jesus Piece
With all the world a - travelin' we've seemingly been doing via reviews here in the DCL Obituaries, it is only fitting that we bring things full circle, back to our home state, with Philly's own Jesus Piece. Not to be confuzzed with the Game record of the same name, although a collaboration would certainly not be something to be upset about, Only Self is Jesus Piece's absolutely crushing debut LP via Southern Lord Recordings. And, to keep the gangster rap thread running, it AIN'T nothing to fuck with. Like a grave, let's dig in…
Fist off, I can't help but be intrigued by this current revival in 90's industrial style music and imagery within the current hardcore/metal scene. Let me stop myself right there before you get this record confused with Ministry - it is not. Jesus Piece is very much a hardcore band. BUT, much like the culprits most likely responsible for the nostalgia - ridden industrial elements within hardcore, (Pittsburgh proud) Code Orange, they very much implore the Nine Inch Nails - esque album art and SOME 90's metal influence in the music. Now, I am no huge fan of the pure hardcore/slam/mosh/grind scene, admittedly. While I definitely find myself attracted to it and enjoy it, I definitely do not go as deep. That's what she said. There are bands within the genre and current scene that I think are absolutely wonderfully brutal and totally enjoyable to see perform and listen to (seeing Code Orange this year was undoubtedly my favorite club show I've been to in the last three), and others (most) I just think are, well, alright. On the other hand, I LOVE ME some 90's industrial shit, and I always have. Therefore, on one hand, I think they should leave it alone. Don't tamper with it. Let it exist where it should exist - in a dusty old CD shelf in the 90's only to be broken out for some serious candle lit gothic jam sessions. But on the other hand, I see these are beautifully passionate, pissed off, and talented as all fuck young musicians that are quite determined to break the rules and most likely grew up listening to these records much like myself; and will carve their own path while letting their influences shine within their blood-drenched hardcore scene and not give a good shit how myself or anyone else feels about it. And I like that very much. Fight the power.
Once again, don't misconstrue what I'm saying. Most of these bands are 90's industrial in imagery and old cut-offs they wear on stage while just hinting at it in their music. Jesus Piece is definitely a solid balance of this but their heart is undoubtedly rooted in hardcore. This powerhouse of a record opens with some droning electronic elements, only to be crushed by a purely razor sharp, metallic, punching sounds created by relentless pounding (also what she said) of all instruments. From there, it's fire on all cylinders from start to finish and Jesus Piece takes the wheel - so watch the fuck out. These are fully hardcore, fast-paced, but thankfully breakdown-focused tunes with a HINT of industrial metal. There are definitely some atmospheric nods. The sound mixing and production quality is there. The pure tone of these songs have an industrial edge and they use it to their advantage to highlight their instrumentation and brutality (the perfect example being the opening bass-heavy minute of Punish); but to classify them as industrial metal is more of a stretch than Metallica calling their last record good. Their industrial elements create an intriguing atmosphere and add an element of depth, danger, and dynamic range that simply wouldn't be there otherwise. But, importantly, they don't over do it. As much as I hate comparing bands to others like I already have, but I can't help the Code Orange comparison. They do the 90's metal thing way more than Jesus Piece, the average listener wouldn't even pick up on it.
They slow it down for the ladies a little bit on tracks like In the Silence, which is an atmospheric droning tune without any help from their viscous singer Aaron Heard, as he just rips it up the entire time. His voice is very intriguing and refreshing for a new metal band as he is constantly tampering with his pitch, screams, and growls, as he fires through the pissed-off lyrics. Definitely a positive aspect of the industrial influence is the heavy bass that is completely evident and evil sounding through the entire record, adding that extra dimension of thick, heavy death to the songs; and playing off of the devastation created by the drums (seriously, this drum sound could be put on any extreme metal record), it kills. The guitars are trading off chugging breakdown heavy riffs with pinch harmonic fills and sharp licks that only serve either hurt, engerize, confuse, or fuck up the listener. And this is music that definitely sounds like it wants to fuck you up. The pure sound and vibe created by this record is nothing short of astounding and beautifully chaotic, proving the can not only play the hell out of their instruments, but the are musically in tune (no pun intended) in the studio, too. Jesus Piece's individual members may go against the grain with their hardcore experimentation, but they function together like a ruthless army. Staying true to their hardcore roots in attitude, style, and song length (with the longest song being 4:20.. hah) Jesus Piece is fast, menacing, and to the goddamn point. The only time the venture from the path is on the final two tracks, aptly titled I & II. They are both instrumental pieces that send the album out soaring with a giant middle finger of cutting again the grain. What more of a rebellious way to end a to the point and coming for your life hardcore record? Two ambitious and experimental instrumental tracks. I fucking dig it.
I don't know whats in the water in Pennsylvania, but it obviously ain't good. OR.. its really good, depending on your opinion of hardcore music sounding like its created by radioactive mutants that will die before conforming to traditional rules of music and probably society. Jesus Piece have created a hardcore record that creates a headspace so unique to itself that it just begs to be listened to. As I said, I am far from the definitive voice on hardcore, being only dipping my toes in the razor-invested waters very casually. But, as a 90's goth kid at heart, and huge old-school death metal fan, this appealed to me more than any other hardcore release I've just about ever heard.They nailed it. No Jesus pun intended, I swear.
https://jesuspiecehc.bandcamp.com
https://www.facebook.com/JesusPieceHC/

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You are Here: Home > Issues > Technology > The Future of Banking: Crypto, Blockchain and Fintech
Issues : Technology
The Future of Banking: Crypto, Blockchain and Fintech
By: Andre Sterley
Inscribed in the first block of the first blockchain ever created are the words: "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks," referring to the London newspaper's lead story of the day.
This edition of the newspaper is now one of the most valuable crypto collectibles to date. It's hard to deny the symbolism in the covert message encoded into the genesis block of the bitcoin blockchain.
That message signals problems in our modern fiat financial system while introducing a novel system that replaces centralized institutional trust with a system relying on decentralized cryptographic trust.
Today, bitcoin has celebrated its 10th birthday, despite critics predicting its doom since its inception. With bitcoin came another suite of technologies collectively known as blockchain.
Despite the actual word "blockchain" not appearing in the original white paper published under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto in October 2008, it has undoubtedly become one of the most talked about buzzwords in technology and banking, as well as the larger world of finance.
Blockchain is generally considered to be a subcategory of distributed ledger technology (DLT), referring to its distributed architecture in which there is no central point of attack, making it less vulnerable to hacks, fraud and manipulation.
A quick online search of the word "blockchain" will yield a wide array of differing definitions, because there is currently no universally recognized definition—something the International Standards Association is working toward. One way to define blockchain is as a shared ledger designed to produce immutable records through cryptographic techniques that facilitate the processing of transactions and tracking of assets.
Part of what makes blockchain so attractive is that it's considered a general purpose technology, according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with many potential applications across industry verticals.
The primary application for the technology thus far has been within financial services—specifically, payments.
Banking on Blockchain
A study performed by Accenture found nine out of 10 banking executives saying their bank is exploring the use of blockchain in payments, the most prevalent use being cross-border transfers.
But reaping the promised benefits of blockchain will require "fostering an uncommon coordination among banks," according to Accenture's study. The value is in the network—in collaboration. Examples of these interoperable networks between banks and corporations globally are using private enterprise blockchains, or DLT, like R3's Corda platform and Hyperledger fabric.
Major benefits from blockchain include lower administrative costs and shorter settlement times. One bank that has sought to offer these benefits to its clients by leveraging blockchain technology is Signature Bank. The New York-based commercial bank launched its own blockchain-based platform for real-time, 24/7 payments on Jan. 1, 2019.
Signature's platform is interesting, considering some alternatives can take several days to clear and can be unavailable on weekends, for instance.
While many of the largest banks in the U.S. may be exploring blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, and filing a litany of patents, cryptocurrency is listed as both a risk and competitive threat in some of their annual reports. Meanwhile, forward-looking community banks have embraced cryptocurrencies and seen their balance sheets improve with it, such as San Diego, California-based Silvergate Bank.
Cryptocurrency is only one of many risks cited in the annual reports of major banks.
The rise in the number and nature of fintech firms has brought an explosion of innovation and competition.
Since the financial crisis, younger generations are growing up without the same relationship with banks that their parents and grandparents had, which has helped propel the growth of fintech companies focused on convenience and customized digital experiences.
This has paved the way for many fintech startups to excel in the financial services market. These companies are disrupting the status quo by providing a user experience that quickly adapts to the needs and desires of their customers.
With the genesis of bitcoin and blockchain, and the explosion in fintech, one thing is certain. In the words of Bob Dylan, the times they are a-changin'. And they're changing in financial services on an unprecedented scale.
Tags: Banking Technology, Cryptocurrencies, Fintech, Blockchain, Distributed Ledger
Andre Sterley is a senior audit manager and practice leader for the Digital Asset Group for Mazars USA.
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U.K. elections
This Woman Is Forecast to be the Biggest Winner of the U.K. Election
First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party Nicola Sturgeon campaigns in South Queensferry on the outskirts of Edinburgh on April 28, 2015.
Andy Buchanan—AFP/Getty Images
By Megan Gibson / Edinburgh
May 4, 2015 6:11 AM EDT
"Oh my god, it's Nicola Sturgeon," a twenty-something woman in a wool beanie cries, sounding genuinely star struck, as she spots the rising star of U.K. politics in the middle of a scrum of journalists, photographers and selfie seekers. The Scottish National Party (SNP) leader and Scottish First Minister is on the campaign trail, visiting a street in South Queensferry, a town on the western outskirts of Edinburgh, and stopped at a promenade with the spectacular Forth bridges in the distance. With just days to go before the U.K.'s general election on May 7, "Sturgeon-mania" — as the British press has branded the politician's sudden spike in popularity — is in full swing.
Dressed smartly in a red suit and heels, Sturgeon stops to embrace voters, hold babies and snap selfies with the people crowding along the cobblestone street to meet her. Builders call out to her from nearby scaffolding and those working in the cafes and hair salons across the road line up along the street, craning their necks to catch a glimpse of her. Though she took the reins of her party less than eight months ago, Sturgeon has clearly achieved celebrity status in her home country.
"She's more of a statesman than anyone else we've got," says Sandy Thomson, a retired builder who lives down the road and came up to meet Sturgeon. He's planning on voting SNP on May 7, after years of voting for either the Labour or Liberal Democrat parties. It's a story repeated over and over by people in the crowd.
Sturgeon's popularity is perhaps surprising, considering her party suffered a blow at the Scottish independence referendum last September when 55 percent of Scots voted to remain a part of the U.K. The outcome was heartbreaking for nearly half the country and saw the then-party leader and Scottish First Minister, Alex Salmond, resign, allowing his long-standing deputy, Sturgeon, to take command.
Since then, SNP membership has quadrupled to more than 100,000, making it the third largest party in the U.K. in terms of members. Nicola McEwen, professor of politics at the University of Edinburgh, says that the campaign for independence prior to the referendum "generated a nationalistic movement that didn't exist before." Sturgeon has smartly capitalized on that movement. Says McEwen, "there's no doubt that her leadership of the party has strengthened its appeal."
Polls suggest that the SNP — which won a paltry six of Scotland's 59 seats in Westminster in 2010 — is on track to take as many as 50 come May 7. (Though, notably, Sturgeon won't be one of the victors, as she's not actually running for a seat at Westminster herself.)
Historically, Scotland has been Labour heartland. But the party — one of two major parties in the country, along with the Conservatives — has been struggling to keep Scottish voters for years. The SNP, with its pledges to stop the austerity measures put in place by the Conservative and Lib-Dem coalition government, now offers Scots a persuasive alternative. Though the SNP has released an election manifesto with strong similarities to Labour's platform — both pledge to introduce a 50 percent income tax rate for top earners and a tax on high-value homes — Scots don't seem to care. As Calley Morrison, a 24-year-old who works in a gift boutique in South Queensferry, puts it, "We have more faith in Nicola to push it through."
READ NEXT: This New Yorker is Already Mayor of London But is he the Future Leader of the U.K.
If the SNP does manage to take the lion's share of Scottish seats, it would very likely make the nationalist party the third largest in the U.K.'s parliament. With polls suggesting the likelihood of a hung parliament between the Conservative and Labour parties, that would put the SNP in the powerful position of influencing which party could actually form government — and who could be the U.K.'s next prime minister.
As the staunchly left-wing Sturgeon has pledged that SNP MPs would prevent a minority Conservative government from "even getting off the ground," her potential kingmaker status has rattled Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron. The Tories have pushed the campaign message that if Labour's Ed Miliband were to be the country's next leader due to support from the SNP, he would be under the influence of a party that aims to break up the U.K. Campaign posters depicting a miniature Miliband sitting in the breast pocket of Sturgeon's suit were released to drive that idea home.
READ NEXT: Meet the Most Controversial Man in the U.K. Elections
Miliband has publicly rejected any sort of agreement with SNP — though Sturgeon has said that Labour is likely to backtrack on May 8 and welcome SNP support if they fail to win a majority of seats. When asked at South Queensferry what her response to an apologetic phone call from Miliband after the election would be, she says amiably, "I don't do smug."
But such emphatic dismissals of the SNP haven't endeared either of the major parties to Scots. Michelle Shepherd, 31, owns the Jitter Bean Café & Barista in South Queensferry with her mother, and is disgusted by the Conservative's English-centric rhetoric. "I think they're hypocritical," she says. Before the referendum "they were saying how much they love [Scotland] and now they're rejecting our representatives?"
The prospect of the SNP influencing Westminster might not even bother many voters in England, Wales or Northern Ireland. A Guardian/ICM poll found that only five percent of respondents had "fears of a smaller party holding the next government to ransom." Rather, voters all over the U.K. seem to admire Sturgeon: during the televised leaders' debates on April 2 — which saw Sturgeon capably take on not only Cameron and Miliband, but also three other party leaders — the sixth most Googled question, reported the Guardian, was "Can I vote for the SNP?"
As for the question of another referendum — which was previously spun as a "once-in-a-generation" event — Sturgeon has revealed little. She told BBC's Newsnight on April 27, "Even if we won every seat in Scotland that would not be a mandate for another referendum." While many of her opponents seem suspicious, McEwen says that, strategically, it wouldn't be prudent of Sturgeon and the SNP to push for another referendum unless they were certain of a victory. "You can lose one referendum and gain from it, as they clearly have done," she says. "Two? That's a different matter."
Even the residents of South Queensferry who voted for independence say they're not especially keen to revisit the issue with another referendum. As one woman puts it, "it's been done, we've made our peace." Many say they're just inspired by what Sturgeon has shown she can do for Scotland, by putting the country front and center in U.K. politics. As Calley Morrison, standing at the counter of the gift shop, says, "You gotta have faith in somebody."
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Posts that are intended to be simply delightful, inspirational, and wonder-inspiring can be found on this page. For rabbit related pure delightfulness, see my page linking all my rabbit posts together.
In Pictures: Urban Industrial Decay By The Sea in Aberdeen Some beautiful urban decay, in an industrial maritime environment, in Aberdeen.
Twelve Inspiring Sunsets sunsets from England, Scotland, and one from the Vatican in Italy.
10 pictures of pretty clouds Pictures of clouds on an English summer's day.
Twenty Mountains In Europe Pictures of mountains.
The Flopsiest Bunny Sleeps Pictures of sleeping rabbits.


This is the gallery for Neon Mixtape Tour.
↑ Facebook post: Our breakfast club is fully vegetarian. Who would you hang with?
↑ Facebook post: Who is part of your essential load out?
↑ Facebook post: Who is your favorite member of our Moldy Crüe? Punk, Pop, Hip-Hop or Metal?
↑ Facebook post: Do you like it old school?


St. Helena Wine Center is located on Main Street in the heart of downtown St. Helena. This wine shop and tasting area was often confused with Helena Wine Merchants which used to be located in the south part of St. Helena. However St. Helena Wine Merchants closed many years ago. Compared to other Napa Valley towns St. Helena has limited the amount of tasting rooms within its downtown corridor.
There are currently only several tasting rooms downtown – this is the oldest one. In a town lacking in tasting rooms, the diversity of shops more then makes up for the small number of wine tasting experiences – one is more likely to find boutique shops, clothing, antique and art galleries located on both sides of the street.
Visitors are often surprised that St. Helena Wine Center is owned by the Beringer family (the same family that sold their iconic winery in 1971 to Nestlé Corporation). An existing wine shop called The Bottle Shop was purchased by Fred and Cathy Beringer in 1972 – they renamed it to St. Helena Wine Center in 1992. Today the store is owned and operated by their daughter Judi Beringer Jimenez and her daughter, Jessica Jimenez Smith (5th and 6th generation Beringers respectively). Incidentally Judi's brother Mark Beringer is currently the winemaker at Beringer Vineyards despite their family no longer owning that winery.
St. Helena Wine Center is open daily selling wine and wine related gifts from Napa Valley wineries as well as from other California and sometimes international wineries. As of our latest update to this review, they maintain a tasting counter; this tasting space used to be open only on Saturdays but as of our latest update it is open for tastings 7 days a week.
The size of this shop used to be larger – but they sold off a part of the space and have since built a wall between their neighbor, Orin Swift Cellars tasting room.
Their small tasting room is a side alcove to the left as you enter the main store. Tastings can be really feature most anything. They see what they have available on any given Saturday and typically will provide 3 to 4 tastings. They have a strong collection of Napa and other California wines as well as a side room for the "locals" which contains only wine from international wineries. Yes, even Napa residents who are surrounded by top notch wineries want an international selection!
Their very extensive collection of wine is mostly from small premium vintners with a wide range in price from thirty dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars+ per bottle. A Napa "cult winery" box for sale contains very high end wines including Harlan Estate and Screaming Eagle. Often older vintages of well-known Napa producers will be available – the oldest wine we have seen for sale in the shop was from 1968. And those looking to add to their Bordeaux First Growth collection can certainly do so here. A very limited selection of cold beer is also available.
Unlike many wine shops, they taste all the wine they sell which allows them to selectively choose the bottles that appear on the shelves. One of their buyers boasts of "having tasted more bad wine than almost anyone, so you don't have to." We can assertively point out that he is not describing wines from Napa! They have a mailing list as well as a wine club which contains many monthly shipment options. The nice thing about their wine club is *you* get to choose, IE the type of wines, how many bottles per time period, price limits etc.
NOTE: this review has been identified as needing a **MAJOR** update!
The hours have always been listed above under the "quick info" section.


Are you afraid to speak out about federal policies because you fear retribution from the government?
A new survey found that 61 percent of business owners with fewer than 100 employees are concerned they may be harassed by the Internal Revenue Service or other agencies if they criticize the government. The survey was conducted June 10-13 by the Job Creators Alliance, an organization of business leaders who are concerned that government policies are stifling entrepreneurship.
The fact that most small businesses fear retribution for exercising their First Amendment rights is chilling — if true.
The problem is, this survey worded the question in such a way as to encourage a yes answer. It referred to "a scandal in Washington right now involving the IRS' practice of targeting certain groups and individuals because of their political beliefs." Then it asked small business owners how concerned they were about being harassed if they speak out.
There's undisputed evidence the IRS singled out groups with "Tea Party" or "Patriots" in their name for extra scrutiny when they applied for tax-exempt status. That is a scandal.
But there's no evidence, just suspicions raised by some Republican donors, that the IRS picked on particular businesses or business owners because of their political beliefs. So that's not a scandal, at least not at this point.
Trust in government is so low that it's no wonder that many small business owners fear it. The Jobs Creators Alliance poll found that 66 percent of small business owners think that Washington has become more hostile to free enterprise in recent years.
But when it comes to retribution for speaking out, critics of President Barack Obama and his policies probably have more to fear from his political allies than from government bureaucrats. The Jobs Creators Alliance cites organized campaigns against owners of Denny's and Five Guys franchises who voiced concerns about the negative impact health care reform would have on their businesses. Home Depot co-founder Bernie Marcus, who helped start the Job Creators Alliance, thinks that Obamacare supporters may have "crossed a line" by organizing campaigns against small businesses that dared to speak out against the law.
This is National Small Business Week — a time when politicians fall all over themselves singing the praises of small businesses. It'd be nice if they wouldn't sic their dogs on them when business owners have the audacity of disagreeing with them.


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Calling IOE Members in East, Central & Southern Africa: 43rd Annual Conference in Lilongwe, Malawi on 3-4 June 2019
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Adjustable base folds down for storage or passage under low structures.
Suitable for both 12V and 24V systems.
914mm long, Stainless Steel stern light can be quickly removed for storage or passage under low structures.
A white LED all round navigation light, waterproof to IP65.
Suitable for 12v DC systems on boats up to 12m.
LED IP66 rated Green Starboard navigation light in a white outer housing.
Suitable for boats up to 12 metres in length.
Green Starboard Bright LED signal light. Aesthetically designed round light, blends in with any hull or deck background.
Suitable for 12V an 24V systems, on boats up to 20m.
'z' type bracket for easy removal. For Boats up to 20m.
LED IP66 rated Green Starboard navigation light. Compact size in a black outer housing.
Combined Masthead and Deck light in a black housing with Bright LED lights.
Suitable for 12V systems on boats up to 12m.
Battery operated All-Round White light suitable for smaller boats without electrical power, or as a back up emergency on larger vessels. 2Nm visibility.
Portable battery operated Bow (Red/Green) light suitable for smaller boats without electrical power, or as a back up emergency on larger vessels up to 20m.
LED IP66 rated Red & Green Combination Bow navigation light in a white outer housing.
Red & Green Combination Bow Bright LED signal light. Aesthetically designed round light, blends in with any hull or deck background.
Suitable for 12V and 24V systems, on boats up to 20m.
LED IP66 rated Red & Green Combination Bow navigation light. Compact size in a black outer housing.
LED IP66 rated Red Port navigation light in a white outer housing.
Red Port Bright LED signal light. Aesthetically designed round light, blends in with any hull or deck background.


I just received an email from HubPages that today is my 5 year anniversary on HubPages! When did you join HubPages and are you a Happy Hubber?
I can't believe it's already been 5 years. Joining HubPages has definitely changed my life in a positive way, allowing me to network with other writers, practice and perfect my writing and understand a lot more about how to write the best online content. I'm still learning and as I write this, it is day 4 of my 30 Hubs in 30 Days Challenge. It's taken me 5 years to embark on my first 30 day challenge.
For as long as you have been a hubber, has your experience been good :-) or bad :-( ? Please share your HubPages experiences!
Congratulations on your 5 years! Keep up the good work on the 30 day hub challenge. I hope you succeed in all your work here.
Thank you PhoenixV! I honestly cannot believe it has been 5 years, I guess time does fly when you're having fun. I didn't plan the challenge in time for my anniversary, but it's funny how things happen.
Happy anniversary for your 5 years!
Thank for the anniversary wishes, Examiner!
I'm hoping readers post their Hubpages experience and how long everyone has been hubbin, it's a bit different now than when I first started as a hubber.
I really like it here and have been learning since I started writing.
Next year I will be here 2 years.
That's great to hear, Examiner! I also love HubPages and it has been my springboard to motivating me to work on larger writing projects. It also provides a lot of opportunities, and yes, I have definitely learned a lot too!
me too, this year is my 5th year anniversary, old woman here!
Oh wow, congrats to you too, peachpurple!
How have your 5 years on HubPages been for you?
Congratulations Easylearningweb, on your five years! Woohoo That is awesome! I have been here a little longer than that, 6. Its been mostly good, and I am thankful for HubPages and a place to write that has so many wonderful people. I ought to do the 30 day hub challenge, but haven't yet. I have done something similar though, during contests long ago. Wishing you the best!
Congratulations on your 5 year mark! It's been 6 years for me now, hard to believe it's been that long. HP is where I got my Internet writing wings. For that I am forever grateful!
Congratulations to you! I've just recently joined (8 days ago). So far, it's been very interesting and I look forward to the future.
Happy 5th year anniversary on HubPages.
Here's to the next 5 years...CHEERS!
Thanks colorfulone, it will be very interesting to see what happens over the course of the next 5 years.
Will we stay on HubPages and if so how active will we be?
Who will move on to write books, novels or become full-time writers?
Will HubPages still be HubPages or might it evolve into something else?
Congratulations, easylearningweb. Fantastic milestone. I'm at the 2-year mark. It's been mixed but mostly a positive and worthwhile experience. I had no idea what I was getting into when I delved into this online writing madness but it has worked well in conjunction with my business goals. Five words to describe my experience: time-consuming, unpredictable, fickle, confusing, rewarding.
I have been here almost 2 and a half years, having joined about 6 months after the first panda rollout. When I started here everyone told me it was a dying site and the forum posts were full of people predicting the demise of HP within a few months.
They were wrong. I do okay here in one month, and reached 1 million page views about 6 months ago. I have learned a lot about putting together articles for the internet and still manage to learn something almost every time I am here.
Congratulations on reaching 5 years, easylearningweb! I may never catch up with you, but I certainly hope I am here as long!!!
I recently had my second anniversary - timing it almost exactly with 100,000 views and I thought I was doing OK until I read the comment from DrMark above. Wow, that is impressive for two years.work.
Glad you are still enjoying it after five years.
It sure will be, thanks for the follow.
Thanks, DrMark1961, your hubber score of 100 is very impressive. I reached that once and I was on cloud 9, but that was a couple years ago when I was a bit more active. I'm getting more active now and my 30 hubs in 30 days challenge (which I started Friday, so I'm on day 5 as we speak) is underway and so far, I'm excited with the results and I appreciate everyone's support.
Congrats on 5 years and counting!
I have been here 22 months, and am at a little over a quarter of a million views. I will have to write a lot of viral articles over the next two months to catch up with Dr. Mark lol.
Thanks for the congrats, Solaras!
Wow, a little over a quarter of a million views, hats off to you? How are able to drive so much traffic to your hubs? I need a bigger fan base...I'm trying but I think a lot of us can benefit from any and all tips you would like to share. Thanks!
I don't think I have any fans haha. Pinterest, Google+ and Stumbleupon send me some traffic, but mostly its from Google. Google+ seems to be gaining some momentum right now, and I am surprised by some old shares that are still getting likes or +'s.
Thanks Solaris. I don't use Stumble upon. I started a little on Pinterest but didn't have the time. Same with Google+ but I will be more active now. I'm glad to hear that about Google+, I'll keep that in mind, thanks again.
According to GA I have the most views from Pinterest and I know that I have the most followers there - and they keep growing.
Wow, that's impressive. I'm not that familiar with Pinterest so if you can let me know some tips to get started that would be most appreciated, thanks!
Sure, I wrote a about it so just let me know and I will try to help.
Do you have an article or home page that you wrote about it? To be honest, I gave it a try in past, and I did post a picture on it once but I just didn't get the whole concept, and it seemed that it would just be another time consuming app where I had to try to drive traffic to it. So far I'm using LinkedIn as well as a business Facebook page, a computer blog and a computer learning website to try and link common topics together.
If you had to sum Pinterest up in one sentence as to the main benefit and how to gain traffic that would be really helpful. I want to make sure its worth my while. Thanks.
I wrote an article about it explaining many things. I post my Hubs and other Hubs which I read on there. I am a member of LinkedIn but I never thought of them as a social site and have not posted anything there. I have not joined Facebook because I heard that it was changed from what it used to be.
Sum up Pinterest in one sentence. Ummm.
When I started there I thought it was only photos but people also read the articles, I look at the photos and pin both serious and funny ones, I select the right ones and people like or pin them or follow me or my boards.
I use Linkedin groups to post only related answers and links if it applies, so sometimes there is a possibility of some backlinks. For Facebook for my business page, I post articles of the techie, computer and eLearning nature including any hubs that are on the same subject.
For Pinterest, thanks for your input. I'll have to look into it once I finish my 30 day challenge. I have heard good things about it, but have to determine about the time factor. Thanks again for your feedback.
You are welcome easylearningweb. Good luck.
If you have not read the forum posts by WryLilt that go into making and using MFP (made for pinterest) images, look into it now. Do not wait until your challenge is up, becuase like all things, it takes time to start building up traffic.
If you do set up a Pinterest account, do not post only your own hub photos on there. The site is not as negative as Reddit or Stumbleupon but they can accuse you of spamming if it is only your own HP photos. You can post photos from other sites, photos from other HP, etc.
I began getting followers soon after I started there.
It can be a very pleasant past time too. I look at the boards and repin from some of the people who have pinned my hubs, and usually see something I like and want to add to one of my own boards about dogs, chickens, ducks, geese, etc.
Hi Easylearningweb - I think Google+ is very easy to get going on. You can sign up using your current Google account information and easily join boards for home schooling, parenting, special ed, just start posting, commenting and liking other's posts. Post your link with the referral tracker, and like a few or bunch of things of interest to you.
When you use the referral tracker link, you can select any image in your hub to display as the hub image; this way you can do multiple postings with out looking like you are spamming the boards. Always give a lead in - like, "this is helpful for teaching kids xxxx."
Once every two weeks or so, I select an article or two to share across my G+ communities. It takes about an hour of time to share it on 8-10 boards and interacting with the other posts on each board (a relatively small time commitment), but the rewards keep coming in over the months. I write in the pet industry, so liking cute photos of pets is fun. I also have an educational toy I promote, so I am member to several Education communities. They are open to looking at links and new info for new games and teaching ideas.
Wow, thanks Solaris, I appreciate the tips. I really have to get back to Google+.I got turned off in past because instead of letting me use my business name Easy Learning, it wanted me to use my real name. I have to try it again and just set it up and go with it. I appreciate all information about links etc. This is a big help, thanks again!
What do you write about which brings so much traffic?
I too reached my five year anniversary on Hub Pages this year. Congratulations to you!. Honestly joining Hub Pages has been the best move I made. I wasn't very active for the first three years but have certainly made up for that in the last couple. I have just had my first short story accepted for publication which is great as I have mainly concentrated on poetry until recently. Despite a few ups and downs this has been a very positive experience over all. I love writing and this provides a wonderful outlet. Good luck with your 30 hubs in 30 days challenge and the next five years.
Hello Jodah, Congrats to you as well on your 5 years and for having your short story published. I'm excited to say that I will have two short stories published in a book next year.
I agree with you that joining Hubpages was a great move and opened more doors for me.
Congratulations! Happy Anniversary! I will be 4 years in a few months.
Thanks Thelma, and congrats to you on being a hubber for 4 years.
Thelma and Deborah and others who have been a hubber 4 of 5 + years, it's nice to know others who are staying and not going...I have faith in HubPages.
Thanks for the congrats, Deborah, and congrats to you too!
A little over two years ago, and I've deleted about a third of the hubs I've written due to immaturity in understanding hub scores.
Hi Marie, You have a great hubber score. Glad you've been with HubPages for over 2 years, and hope I've motivated you to write more hubs!
I'll be 1&1/2 years by December 26th. So far, I feel that HP is partial to poetry and spirituality. But Congrats on your 5th. Celebrate! Write us something about brotherly and or sisterly love... That's what this hateful world needs now.
word55 - happy to hear that you will be on HubPages for 1 1/2 years by end of this month. Keep on writing!
dilipchandra12 - glad to hear that you reached the same milestone recently! The more writers we have, the better.
DrMark1961 - I think I speak for everyone when I say thank you very much for your recommendations about Pinterest. I will definitely look for info written by WryLit in regards to Pinterest images, and as you recommended, I'll check that out while I am still in the midst of my 30 Hubs in 30 Days challenge.
Congratulations on your anniversary. I am here over 6 years here and it's been a great learning experience!
Congrats on your anniversary and thanks for stopping by to celebrate with me! Lots of changes over the years, but learning is good. Some neat comments to peruse here… Have fun in your 30 Day Challenge!
Congrats easylearningweb! I'm also a 5th year hubber. I joined in late Sept. 2009. I feel like I've grown so much in various ways since joining. HP feels like family to me. It's kind of amazing how friendships and relationships develop on a site like this. It started for me as a way to earn extra money and develop my writing skills. I wanted a place where I could write about topics that interest me. What I found was much more than I anticipated. The wealth of information and interesting hubs always reminds me that HP is a global website with a far reaching global audience.
Things definitely have changed throughout the 5+ years. Going through the first Panda was an interesting experience. The switch to subdomains was exciting. I think one of the most valuable things for me is that I love learning, so I like reading about SEO and writing online. I don't publish as much as I used to because I don't want a lot of hubs to maintain. I do updates and add freshness periodically. To this day, my older hubs are still the ones that bring most of my traffic. Not entirely, but I have found the newer ones don't take off as well as the older ones did. It's not as easy as it was years ago, but I love it here and look forward to seeing what the new year brings.
Thank you! I am sure the best is yet to come!
Congrats on completing 5 years on Hubpages. I joined almost 4 years back and my experiences have been both good on the whole. I'm glad I found this site.
Well done on your five years.
I have been here 4 years. That time has included a range of experiences from delight to disappointment. HubPages taught me about writing for the internet and a bit about myself too.
After all that time I still don't know if I can make any money at it. Not ready to call it quits yet.
How is your personal blog experiment going?
I am enjoying myself - learning, playing, creating and dreaming.
"When Did You Join HubPages?"
It was a cold and rainy morning. Thunder rumbled in the distance. My monitor flickered; suddenly a website appeared. "HubPages," it said.
Congratulations on your 5-year anniversary.
My 7th just passed. I like the site, It's been a good experience. It occurs to me that I could say I'm going through something of a Seven-Year Itch in recent times; but there are complications involved, so saying "Seven-Year Itch" is more a matter of taking advantage of the opportunity to use it as a joke while it applies in some ways. For the record and for what it's worth (or not worth), this is the site that I favored and stayed with long before a lot of the others made certain types of changes before those sites folded (or whatever) one at a time and in fairly rapid succession.
Working on my own overhaul here, but I like the direction HP seems to be taking these days.
My Two Year Hubpages Anniversary!


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Bolton Great Moor Street railway station was the first station in Bolton. It was opened on 11 June 1831 by the Bolton and Leigh Railway.

Originally named Bolton, it was renamed Bolton Great Moor Street in October 1849. The original street level station was replaced by a temporary station at Bolton Crook Street Goods Yard on 1 August 1871 while the new station was built in a classic Italian style.  It opened either on 1 April 1875 or on 28 September 1874 on the same site as the original station but at a higher level. The rebuilt station had four platforms covered by a roof. Its reconstruction coincided with the building of the direct line to Manchester Exchange via Walkden Low Level by the London and North Western Railway which opened on 1 April 1875.

Local trains to and from Kenyon Junction via Chequerbent used the station's western platforms 1 & 2 whilst trains to and from Manchester Exchange via Walkden used Platforms 3 & 4.

The station closed for regular passenger use by British Railways on 29 March 1954, although holiday and football specials ran until 1958 and an unadvertised workmen's service to Monton Green continued for some months. An enthusiasts' special visited on 21 September 1963 and on 9 May 1964 another visited the adjacent Crook St goods yard, this was the last passenger train on LNWR lines in the Bolton area.

Tracks in the station were lifted in April 1964. The station was demolished in October 1966 and the area redeveloped.

See also
 B. Hick and Sons

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 The station on a 1948 OS map via npe maps
 The station on an 1885 series OS map overlay via National Library of Scotland
 The station and line via railwaycodes
 Railtour files via sixbellsjunction

History of Bolton
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1831
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Bad Judgment On The Part Of McClure?
Opinion Piece by Samuel Strait – June 1, 2016 – In the midst of all the other things that have gone wrong for Ms. McClure in the past couple of weeks, two other items of note have come to the surface which speak to her lack of judgement when it comes to the financial health of Del Norte County. As many people in the County already know we have a Joint Powers of Authority (JPA), known as the Del Norte Solid Waste Management Authority, (DNSWMA) which is a bloated agency that has no real or useful reason to exist of which Ms. McClure, is the current chairman of its commission. She has long been an ardent supporter and often responsible for manufacturing reasons for its continued existence.
Recently, it was reported that the Authority had entered into a contract extension for $140.00 plus per ton with the built-in ability to raise that cost each of the contract years to have our solid waste transported to White City. Mr. Ward, recently advanced to Executive Director of the Authority, announced that this was "a good deal" in that it was better than the ones negotiated in Curry and Humboldt Counties. What he failed to mention is that the average disposal rate per ton in the entire USA is less than $40.00. On the East Coast where waste disposal is often much higher, it is still reported at a mere $70.00 to $80.00 per ton. Ms. McClure and the commission voted to accept this contract with little to no questions asked. So the question I would ask, is, Why does it cost so much? And who profits from this arrangement?
But the story does not end there. Remember, I said there were two things that came to light. One of the big "selling" points for the continued existence of the waste authority was the recycling programs that it has established but does not operate, many of which are not cost effective and generally wasteful. This was done primarily to make the authority seem useful and allow for its continued operation to the tune of a million dollars plus per year. What was unexpected, although Mr. Ward, being an "expert" in this field should have been aware of certain information long before the recycle bubble burst, was that recycling costs money, in fact a lot of money. Best estimates for small rural counties with only small amounts of recyclables range from $240.00 per ton all the way up to $280.00 per ton, nearly twice the exorbitant waste disposal rate of $140.00. Hence, it shouldn't be much of a surprise to learn that our one and only recycling contractor is going broke. In light of all the other recent revelations about Supervisor McClure, one has to ask the question once again, Who exactly benefits from the continued operation of the DNSWMA as she and Council woman Kathryn Murray are ardent supporters of this bondoggle?
While much of the information surrounding recycling is generally positive, if one does some research certain problems of which there are no current solutions continue to trouble the recycling industry. Contamination, high cost of handling recyclables, transportation costs, low commodity prices, and the chief one is that often in surprisingly high percentages recyclables end up right back in the landfill. While there are certain policies that can be put in place by the Waste Authority to mitigate a small fraction of the difficulties, ours has done none of them, primarily to keep the recycling percentage of diversion at an acceptable rate. Yet, even that diversion rate is highly suspicious as the recyclables do not go across the Authority's own scales. If as the Authority suspects, that a more realistic approach to collection was put in place, the diversion rate would dramatically be reduced as recycling become too much trouble at the curb. Instead of accepting the reality, that "zero waste" or even a 30% diversion rate is not really in the best economic interests of the County, our own Martha McClure, chair person of the Solid Waste Commission, continues to lead us down the proverbial "Garden Path of Fantasy land" with no end in site. Of course as Ms. McClure's financial fortunes have dramatically improved since coming into political office, none of this really affects her and hers. Down with the Queen!


Right before my little vacation I was near my cutoff for dealing with life. Sometimes you just need a small escape to help you focus on the everyday again. More importantly, sometimes you've just got to see a best friend in person after emails and texts and Skype calls don't quite cut it any longer. And luckily, I got both this trip.
We stayed at my friend's grandmother's house and I secretly love other people's grandparents, so I had a lot of fun getting to know her. We'd do some adventuring, H and Me, and then retire in the evening to the living room and watch some Netflix (Anne with an "E") with her grandma and the siamese cat, Max [who I was sadly *VERY* allergic to]. It was fun re-acquainting with an area I visited in childhood and exploring it again as an adult.
Lake Tahoe is a beautiful mix of "away-from-it-all" and "tourist central" but thankfully we were there right before everything gets busy and flooded with guests. The downside? A lot of activities and museums weren't open. The upside? Much more away-from-it-all and relaxing for the both of us. Which truly, was more of the focus of this trip.
Things didn't start off quite right; the flyaway bus took an hour and a half to get to the airport when it should have gotten me there in nearly half that time. From there, I was kindly placed in the express TSA line and RAN to my gating area. Only to find that I had a shuttle to take from there. I finally hopped on, checked the time frantically, and asked the driver if I'd make my flight. She, half-caring, nodded and told me to take a seat. Once I got to THAT building, I once again ran in a frenzy to the actual gate and was told that the planes doors were shut and there was no way to board it now. I'd have to attempt the next flight as a standby. There were four or five of us total that I could see who had just barely missed it and that worried me too: we'd all be vying for a seat on the next nearly full flight. I was about three minutes too late. Three. Because the flyaway bus took forever and the shuttle was running late. Because we waited for a plane to clear the shuttle's path. I was so upset that all of these things that were happening were out of my control despite planning my flyaway bus in plenty of time. I will be sending them a formal complaint for not disclosing shuttle times or the fact that my flight wasn't in a main terminal.
I texted H and let her know of the change of plans and felt terrible for extending their wait in Reno to pick me up. She assured me they understood and that I let them know at a good time so they could figure out some things to do in the meantime. I was so frustrated, especially since my trip was so short. I should have landed by 12:32 pm, and now I wouldn't be in Reno until 6:30. The half a day I expected to have with them was gone, and we only had time to dine and get to her grandmother's. They were such troopers and I could tell her grandma was quite exhausted from a full day out.
Our first full day we walked around the South Lake Tahoe marina and shopped and enjoy coffee in the Heavenly center. It was super casual and just what we needed. That evening we walked down the street and up the hill near the house. I could feel the combination of thin mountain air, tight lungs from the recent bronchitis and cat allergy, and extra weight really making this relatively short inclined stroll a problem. I needed to pause and catch my breath a handful of times to make it all the way up.
The second day, I got to meet H's cousin and we all enjoyed a good chat over coffee. We got basic instructions on how to drive down to the Emerald Bay lookout, and started our second adventure around noon. I was surprised at how easy it was to get gas and go to the lookout; we had our GPS going for good measure but would have gotten there without it very easily. The lookout was gorgeous and easy to get to, with only one little ominous-looking portion of road. We knew the trail there would take us to Vikingsholm, which is still closed. We mutually agreed to take it easy and not go any further than we felt since the 1 mile hike was easy down, and very steep coming back up.
Really, we should have known better. We kept saying we'd stop here or there and not really follow through. We finally got to a spot where EVERYONE looked like they had some labored breathing and H said it might only get steeper there. Did we stop? Ha! We asked a person hiking up how much further and he said 10 minutes and we went for it! The views from the bottom were amazing. We got to see a small log cabin, the beautiful craftsmanship of Vikingsholm, and get to the water's edge of Emerald Bay. If we didn't go all the way, we would have been so disappointed.
The hike up was absolutely awful for me physically. I was breathing super heavy and since the circulation in my feet isn't the greatest right now, there were portions of the hike up where my calves and foot cramped stiff. H was gracious and let me take a ton of breaks. Some of them were quite sad; maybe 15 feet away from each other. I finally figured out my stamina and breathing worked out better if I power walked in a quick burst and then rested a good while rather than trying to go slow and steady. I'm really glad we did the hike even though I wasn't happy with how hard it was on my body. The big plus here was I never got wheezy, I just had labored breathing.
On Sunday, we left for the airport and back to our places. It was really only 2 full days, but I left feeling full in heart and soul. I'm so thankful for our friendship.
I'm super open with my friend and don't ever feel judgement from her which I so appreciate. I told her I really felt like I was at "that point". Sure, there were contributing factors to how I felt on our walks, but really, I knew my weight and health had hit a point where it was starting to disable me. I think I've had a couple enough-is-enough points, but this one really hit home. I shared with her how now, at this heavy point, physical exertion was harder, and I had to be mindful of my weight limiting some activities, like say zip-lining or maxing out a weight limit paddle boating with an equally overweight friend. I just don't want that kind of worry and limitation in my life.
I'm happy that in that admittance and through the strenuous labored portions of our trip, I never felt shame or hated on my body. I was somewhat ashamed of my hiking performance, sure, but it never negatively affected my idea of my body or worth. I think that shows a lot of growth on my part. I've learned to not make the idea of weight loss emotional or negative (although of course we all have those days). It was just simple: I don't like how I feel and how hard it was on my body so I need to be more disciplined to doing something about it. And I didn't let it stop me from enjoying sugary coffee because I was on vacation. No. More. Guilt.
Yesterday I started my day with a bowl of traditional oatmeal. I had a light healthy lunch and allotted the calories for dinner out with my boyfriend. Today, I had some baked oatmeal and egg whites and have a sardine salad for lunch and the gym scheduled for this evening. None of this is rooted in negativity.
I printed out the Tahoe pics already and have them in all the little corners of my room for happy memories.


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Photographer Mark Clennon On The "Whimsical Defiance" of Capturing Black Stories
By Ernesto Macias
Photographed by Mark Clennon
"Black stories are kind of like books," says the photographer Mark Clennon. "You can ignore a book for as long as you want, but stories are permanent. It is y'all who are choosing not to open our book and read our stories." The 32-year-old creative came to New York by way of Florida, where he studied public relations at the University of South Florida. After quickly realizing that American corporate life lacks pathways for Black talent to blossom, he decided to quit his job in tech and pursue photography. In 2016, Clennon picked up his first camera, and he hasn't put it down since. In under four years, he has worked with everyone from Essence to Netflix, for whom he visited the set of Ava DuVernay's When They See Us, a sort of full-circle moment for the photographer. "She inspired me because I picked up the camera at 28, which I thought was too late. She didn't start making films until 31."
Recently, Clennon has caught the attention of the nation with his striking images of the Black Lives Matter protests and demonstrations across New York City. He attends the protests as both a photographer and an active participant, which allows him to infuse his personal perspective into the larger story of America's fight for justice. "Why is it now that another Black man dies, and I'm getting this type of recognition?" he says of the sudden attention. "I feel conflicted about that, so I had to reassess my whole path to make sure that this is true to me." That path consists of making sure no one passes up another opportunity to pay attention to Black stories, and that Black creatives feel the power to speak their truth. "You got to support all Black lives," he says. "Trans lives, gay lives. That shit matters."
Early one morning in Harlem, Clennon took us through some of his most vibrant photographs, from a fashion flower in the Bronx to a now-viral fist raised against Trump Tower.
Rahilou Diallo and Tahiry Bah styled in THEOPHILIO by Edvin Thompson. Hair: Helena Koudou. Makeup: Asha Mumin.
"I didn't like this image at first because I felt like it was too colorful. As I finished the set and I looked back at it, I changed my mind. I describe my work as 'whimsical defiance.' There's an image of a guy drinking from a water fountain that says 'White Only,' and he has this smirk on his face as he's drinking the water. That's kind of like the foundational ethos that I look towards. This is another example of Black women being fly, complementing each other, and really embracing the hair of Black people. I feel like that is probably one of the most expressive features of Black women and Black people. For Black women, every three months, it's a new hairstyle. Black women get a new hairstyle for vacation. That is Black shit. I always want to highlight a bit of that creativity that we walk out the door with."
"That's a friend of mine. The protest was May 30th. It started in Harlem, and I think from now on I only like protests that start in Black neighborhoods. It feels different. When you go to Crown Heights, it feels different. All the Black people… I had goosebumps. I was just documenting the protest when I ran into her and another friend, maybe four or five minutes after I took the Trump photo that everyone's seen. If I hadn't seen them earlier, I probably wouldn't have recognized them, so that was an important moment. I was in Times Square, standing on top of those concrete barriers they have out there, just getting the scope of the crowd. I see the police directing the traffic to turn, and they were turning. It was peaceful. The police then decided to escalate, and they were just on the outside. They grabbed the two of them. And I was seeing this from 30, 40 feet away."
"She's surrounded by police officers, and she wasn't doing anything. They're grabbing her, twisting her arm, and that moment when her eyes met my camera, it really centers the gravity of, like, this is a real person. You can tell there's fear, but you can tell that she's brave: 'Look at this shit. Look what they're doing to me.' I love the Rihanna shirt in there because it puts a date stamp on it. In a different era, it would be a different artist, but this is 2020. Whatever Rihanna is doing in her avenues, she has that same kind of defiance—that authority to make sure that her Black voice is heard, and she amplifies other Black people. She's building her own companies and hiring her own Black people. I really cherish these photos."
Fredrique Wills styled by Hayley Culp. Makeup: Mitch Yoshida.
"This one I actually have framed. It's on the floor right now; I'm going to hang it up. The definition of this photo has changed for me since these protests, which is why I love photography. This shoot, I was prepping for Culture Con and I was stressed out. Some friends of mine said, 'Hey, we got our hands on these clothes. We've got to shoot.' I try not to stick too hard to a rigid plan. I consider myself a chef, and what I mean by that is, a chef goes, gets all these ingredients from the store. He has an idea of what it's going to taste like, but the chef doesn't really know until they put it together in the kitchen and taste it and tweak it. We were walking around Chelsea, passing by all these galleries. The model comes across the street like, 'Hey, look at this public housing building. Take it in the window.' There was a sheet in a window on the first floor of the public housing building, and it came out beautiful. The model is African, but when I look at the image, it reminds me of Haiti so much because of the colors. The Black skin, the red, white, and blue, like the Haitian flag. I just think about how the Haitian people liberated themselves. They overthrew their government and they said, 'This is our country now.' This is a Black man in a place that isn't deemed beautiful, creating an image that kind of transcends nationality. It's just resonating with me in a different way this month than it has in the past."
"I think a lot of these images are effective because I'm just as angry as the people in them. I have the same feelings. They're going through Spanish Harlem. At the front, you have the police van escorting them, like it's a parade. I was photographing the back of it—I don't want to give too many details, because I don't want anyone to get in trouble. I have more images that I'm just keeping because they show a lot of people's faces. Somebody came off the corner and smashed the back of their shit with something while the police officers were driving. The police leading this protest, they just didn't look right. It didn't feel right, especially going through that part of Harlem. The officer hopped out; he was afraid. People did what they did to make sure he didn't get hurt, but that car was just standing there, and that car quickly became a symbol of everything that we're going through. Somebody hopped up there and expressed himself in a very effective way. I was just there to capture it."
Farhia styled by Sydnee Paige in Everrything Rrouge. Makeup: Tai Ceme.
"We ran out of time on our reservation for the photo studio. We wanted to shoot this in a library—that was the original concept of the shoot. This dress is massive. It's like a flower. You can't really sneak around with this, so there was a crowd of people in the Bronx—little girls taking pictures with their phones. She embodies that whimsical defiance, that existence, whether or not the white eye is looking. She's not concerned about the white eye. My audience will always be Black people. I'm only speaking to Black people when I create. I'd say at first I wasn't. I was trying to flip narratives and show them how Black people can be. But as I grew as an artist, I realized, 'No, fuck all that.' She's a rose, a flower that has grown from this concrete, without anyone else's help."
"There's something I want to get off my chest about this picture. I took the photo. The next day, Time reached out to me to talk about it. It was very new to me. I hadn't processed it fully. You look at the flag behind the glass, and it's like a flag being held hostage inside Trump Tower. When I look at it more, though, it's like, 'Is this flag being held hostage, or is it finding solace and protection and comfort within Trump Tower?' Because America allowed Trump to exist and thrive in the first place. Fuck Trump Tower, and fuck that flag, too. Some people may interpret it as the Black man trying to save the American flag from the president, but no. That flag has oppressed us, too. That flag is being used to assemble hate today. So it's just as much about the flag, and America allowing Trump to exist. I feel like people are missing that. People are asking to hang it in their homes like a trophy, like they solved racism. It doesn't mean that for me, and it doesn't mean that for so many other Black people. That flag is an act of aggression. I'm from Pensacola, Florida. If I see a truck with two American flags on each side, I know what time it is. So that's not a symbol of freedom. I'm done trying to save it."
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