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Invasive reptiles and amphibians causing billions of dollars in damage
October 21, 2022 runtintin.com 0 Comments
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources.
Economic growth and globalization have connected the world's most distant places. Rapid trade and transport have boosted economic growth globally, but not without consequences: many species have been introduced to new regions, far from where they evolved.
Alien species are those introduced by humans to regions outside their natural range. Invasive alien species are a growing concern for both the environment and economy.
In recent decades, alien herpetofauna — amphibians and reptiles — have increasingly gained attention on social media, with more information being circulated about the impacts these species have on native flora and fauna.
And yet, the number of invasive reptiles and amphibians is increasing, facilitated by the persistently high globalization of human activities.
Detrimental effects
Some invasive species arrive unintentionally as hitchhikers on planes, ships and cars. Others are sold intentionally as exotic pets, which then escape or are released into the wild. Of those that survive and establish, some are able to spread with severe negative impacts, giving them the title of "invasive."
These impacts can be massive. Alien species are a leading cause of biodiversity loss and extinction worldwide, affecting human welfare and quality of life.
While alien species can also have detrimental effects on the economy, this is often complex to assess. Available information is often scattered, covers different scales or periods, recorded using variable measurements and currencies and presented in many languages.
The InvaCost database, the most comprehensive database of the cost of alien species and a global initiative of scientists, gathers this information and makes it accessible to researchers and the public.
The alien Burmese python has successfully established itself in the Everglades National Park in Florida, where it has decimated local mammal populations.
Surprising impacts
The most common pathway for invasive reptiles and amphibians is the often-illegal trade of exotic snakes and frogs as pets.
Another common pathway is release for biological control, where a new species is introduced in an attempt to control a pest species. This is how the cane toad was introduced in Australia.
Other pathways include aquaculture enterprises, such as those that raise American bullfrogs for human consumption and species hitchhiking on planes or boats.
Alien reptiles and amphibians can have quite unusual and surprising economic impacts. For instance, after the arrival of the coquí frog to Hawaii via contaminated nursery plants, its very loud mating song caused severe declines in property values in infested areas.
More typical economic impacts stem from programs for the control or eradication of these species. Management programs are needed due to the damage these invaders cause on biodiversity by eliminating native species, including at-risk amphibians and reptiles.
American bullfrogs have the largest reported economic impacts of any amphibian.
(Rusty Clark/Wikimedia Commons), CC BY
This is the case for one of the most famous snakes in the pet trade, the California kingsnake, for which numerous eradication programs on the Canary Islands exist.
Quantifying the damage of invasive reptiles, amphibians
Our team of researchers quantified and synthesized, for the first time, the economic costs of invasive reptiles and amphibians worldwide using the InvaCost database. Between 1986 and 2020, we found that the cost of invasive reptiles and amphibians was massive, totaling approximately US$17 billion — with US$10.4 billion due to reptiles and US$6.3 billion due to amphibians.
Further, the bulk of these costs was from a small subset of highly impactful species. Most notably, the brown tree snake alone has resulted in a loss of US$4.5 million per year in Guam due to island-wide power outages and costing a total of US$10.34 billion during the study period (1986-2019).
The runner-up in terms of total impacts was the American bullfrog, whose impacts of US$6.04 billion accounted for approximately 97 per cent of the total amphibian cost, mostly due to control and eradication measures in Europe.
The types of costs incurred varied across species. In the case of amphibians, costs mostly originated from government expenditures — US$6.25 billion, or 99.6 per cent. These costs are derived from mitigating the spread or impacts of invaders through prevention, control, research, long-term management or eradication.
Reptile costs, however, mostly affected the public and social welfare sector, reportedly causing staggering damages — US$10.02 billion, or 96.6 per cent. These costs are incurred directly due to the impact of invaders, such as yield loss, infrastructure damage or income reduction.
Geographically, we found that economic impacts were present across all continents, except for amphibians in Africa, likely due to the lack of information. The geographic regions most affected were Europe by amphibians (US$6.04 billion), and Oceania and the Pacific Islands by reptiles (US$10.35 billion, 99.61 per cent).
Prevention is the best solution
The economic costs of herpetofauna invasions are massive across all continents, but also underestimated. The vast part of our estimated total cost originated from only two species: the brown tree snake and the American bullfrog, which is likely, at least in part, due to missing data.
Further, only 21 species (six amphibians and 15 reptiles) were reported in InvaCost, out of 280 alien amphibians and reptiles recorded worldwide.
It should nevertheless be acknowledged that not all invasive reptiles and amphibians will have tangible monetary impacts, so some gaps are expected. Nevertheless, a greater research effort is needed to distinguish the true absence of economic cost from gaps in cost detection — especially for those species known to cause detrimental ecological impacts.
And as shown, investments in preventive measures can be an important money-saving measure for the public over the long term, compared to reactive control approaches once a species has successfully invaded.
We propose the compilation of national lists for species facing import and selling bans, better screening for potentially harmful species and a more comprehensive effort to obtain information on the actual and species-specific costs. Our research highlights the importance of these measures to prevent future immense economic costs.
Carleton Newsroom
Wednesday, September 14, 2022 in The Conversation
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On the night before Christmas, when all through the City not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse, the final CAF built tram for Edinburgh Trams arrived at Gogar depot having arrived earlier that day at the Port of Tyne. 269 was the 27th of the Spanish built trams to be delivered to Edinburgh in preparation for the opening of the tramway which remains on schedule to be in summer 2014.
The tram covered the same well trodden route as its sisters across land from the CAF factory at Beasain, Spain to Amsterdam in the Netherlands from where it travelled by ferry to the Port of Tyne. Upon arrival in the UK the tram was moved in several sections by low loader to Edinburgh where it was safely unloaded at Gogar depot. Interestingly with the trams being the longest in the UK they had to be delivered in several sections unlike deliveries to other systems such as Blackpool and Manchester.
With the tram now at Gogar it will be commissioned and prepared for use on the short stretch of track being used for testing between the depot and the Airport alongside the other trams.
It is planned that this section of track will be handed over by the contractors to the City of Edinburgh Council in March after which further testing and driver training will take place. The testing will eventually be extended over more of the line before a full opening of the system in summer 2014.
Agreed ! Pity that the trams are built in Spain and the main electrical contractor is German.
I would say that it is probably just as well that this aspect of the work was 'outsourced' in this way. The 'local' input hardly constitutes a glorious chapter in Scotland's history, does it?


After the Presidential election, regardless of where your sympathies lie, it feels like we are living more than ever in a VUCA world. VUCA is a military acronym for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity, and it is used to describe our environment during times of turmoil and change.
There are so many different viewpoints and perspectives coming at us from so many different sources—the media, our coworkers, and our family and friends—that we often don't feel like we are standing on stable ground and can't clearly strategize our future. People have diverse reactions and mindsets during these times of uncertainty. Many people view these times with great negativity, sharing their doom and gloom mindset while wringing their hands—and some people just passively "go with the flow" instead of engaging in processing the moment.
However, others view turbulent times as the chance to look for new opportunities for career growth. How you view the political climate is dependent on your paradigm—your mentality that governs your thinking and actions, as influenced by your experience and personal outlook. If you have a scarcity paradigm, then you will see scarce opportunities and limited possibilities. On the other hand, if you have an abundance paradigm, prospects for new opportunities will appear regularly. Therefore, if you're proactive about your career, and the careers of your colleagues and teammates, this is a time to be creative in your thoughts and actions.
So, what are some actions that you can take to further your career in this VUCA environment, beyond attending classes or training sessions to acquire new knowledge? We have several ideas about what helps and hinders talent development in the public sector in our latest research report—Unleveraged Talent: Exploring Gaps in Federal Workforce Management—but we'll focus here on just a few of our tips.
In our report, over 50% of the respondents said they take advantage of coaching and mentoring opportunities. Do you currently have a mentor inside or outside your organization who you engage with on a longer-term basis to help with your career development? Some people have even developed a board of mentors. They have different mentors who focus on different aspects of their mentee's career. For instance, one mentor can provide advice on how to be a more effective leader, while another mentor can share specific technical expertise.
Have you considered working with a coach to address the development of a specific skill/behavior or assist with handling a job situation or relationship? Both coaching and mentoring are personalized approaches to helping you further develop your career.
Over 70% of Federal workers surveyed for our research report feel their organizations are facing critical skills gaps. Often when organizations need these critical skills, there is not the time or the money to put employees through formal training programs. So, organizations offer formal or informal on-the-job training—and if they don't, it's up to you to find job aids, webinars, and blog posts that help you expand your skills (and acquire new ones) in a short amount of time. Research has shown that on-the-job training is one of the most effective ways of learning and applying new skills in the workplace.
During times of Presidential transition there are many, many people who change jobs and responsibilities in Federal agencies. This, in addition to the re-organizing and shuffling of duties and resources, creates openings that often need to be filled quickly and for limited amounts of time. As a result, the first months of change that comes with a new administration allow people to rotate into open positions on a temporary basis or contribute in new ways from their current position. It's a great way to learn about other parts of an organization, develop new networks and relationships, and expand your skill set.
As new leadership confers its style and tone to Federal agencies, there are often new strategies and goals established for how to achieve the mission. And the attainment of these new goals requires new thinking and approaches. This often results in the establishment of special project teams and task forces—and potential changes to workplace culture—to develop the plans for how to achieve the new goals.
Do you have the skills, experience, or institutional knowledge along with the initiative to be on one of these newly established project teams? Are you willing to share what you know to make a contribution to the team while increasing your problem-solving skills—what new approaches are you open to? Check out our webinar—Communicating Program Value Amidst an Administrative Change—for tips on building rapport with new leadership and accurately examining the opportunities and risks present (or emerging) in your organization.
Those who create great, dynamic careers for themselves are those who plan how they will achieve it and therefore look for and take advantage of the opportunities that arise from working through VUCA times.
To receive more tips, strategies, and expert insights on how to unleash the potential at your organization during the first months of the Trump administration, subscribe to this blog—using the form at the top right of the page. And download our report—Unleveraged Talent: Exploring Gaps in Federal Workforce Management, where we've outlined the current state of issues facing the Federal workforce, and we've proposed solutions for how individuals, teams, and organizations can become stronger than ever.
I am interested in attending free webinars to earn the PDUs for PMP. Can you please provide the upcoming schedule for these events.
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Proceedings of the 2009 Drug Discovery for Neurodegeneration Conference
Meeting the unique challenges of drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases
Diana W Shineman1 &
Howard M Fillit1
BMC Neurology volume 9, Article number: I1 (2009) Cite this article
There is a mounting need for therapeutics to effectively treat neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis almost all share pathological hallmarks of accumulated misfolded protein, ultimately leading to cellular degeneration and death [1]. There is much to be learned by the successes and failures of drug discovery efforts for these respective diseases. Exciting and novel ideas from academia often fail to reach drug discovery platforms and pharmaceutical companies have had little success in their neurodegenerative disease programs thus far; currently, only symptomatic treatments are available for the majority of these diseases [2, 3].
While these diseases present unique challenges in terms of drug discovery, they also offer many opportunities to change the way academics and industry work together to efficiently develop new drugs. To bring new drugs into clinical practice for neurodegenerative diseases, efforts to translate academic discoveries into drug discovery and development efforts can be expanded and partnering between academic biologists, medicinal chemists and industry researchers encouraged. Cross-fertilization of ideas between these different neurodegenerative diseases as well as between academia and industry will foster novel developments and hopefully bring us closer to developing effective treatments for these diseases.
These proceedings highlight new approaches to address and overcome the specific challenges of drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases that were discussed at the 3rd Drug Discovery for Neurodegenerative Conference (held in Washington DC on 2–3 February 2009). This conference was hosted by the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, in partnership with the National Institutes of Health, to advance drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases by educating scientists on the process of translating basic research into novel therapies. Over the two day conference, speakers presented lectures and case studies on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, as well as orphan neurological diseases. All of these diseases share common challenges and require a broad and coordinated, multi-disciplinary approach to progress novel discoveries into effective therapeutics.
Basics of medicinal chemistry
Medicinal chemistry is an essential piece to the drug discovery puzzle and was highlighted in the first session of the conference. This session was chaired by Dr Martin Watterson (Northwestern University) and included talks on the fundamentals of drug discovery chemistry and how later-stage considerations of pharmacokinetics, pathophysiology and production must be considered early on, at the medicinal chemistry stage. Dr Alan Kozikowski (University of Illinois) reminded participants that intuition plays an important role in medicinal chemistry as well and biologists need to work in partnership with medicinal chemists in a coordinated effort. The importance of patents and intellectual property in medicinal chemistry was also discussed. Rick Silverman (Northwestern University) discussed a case study of developing selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors [4]. Drs Frank Longo (Stanford University) and Jordan Tang (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation) also presented fascinating case studies about developing drugs to target key pathways in neurodegenerative diseases. Frank Longo discussed virtual library screening and his experience developing peptidomimetic compounds [5], while Jordan Tang used his expertise on matrix metalloproteases to develop novel and specific inhibitors of beta-secretase [6]. Finally, Dr Chris Lipinski (Melior Discovery) closed the session with a discussion on selection of candidates for drug development, emphasizing that his 'Lipinski Rule of 5' criteria should be used as guidelines and not as steadfast rules.
Hits and leads: early phases of drug discovery
Marcie Glicksman (Harvard Medical School) discussed common pitfalls in high-throughput development and emphasized the importance of developing high quality secondary screens. This point was also emphasized by Dr Linda VanEldik (Northwestern University), who discussed the utility of also performing secondary screens to determine ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicology) properties and noted that many of these screens are commercially available. Most drug development efforts fail due to toxicity and ADMET properties and Dr Karen Steinmetz (SRI International) went into more detail on some of the technologies for ADMET screening, discussed common pitfalls and emphasized the need to consider the future plan of clinical administration at the onset of screening. An in-depth review of ADMET considerations in drug discovery is presented in these proceedings by Katya Tsaioun (Apredica).
Pre-clinical proof-of-concept and development
Once a drug-candidate has been identified, pre-clinical proof-of-concept and drug development studies are initiated, as described by Edward Spack (SRI International) at the conference and as presented here in these proceedings. In transitioning from lead compound to clinical testing, William Banks (Saint Louis University) discussed preclinical proof-of-concept and the challenges of the blood-brain barrier in central nervous system drug discovery, as well as methods to improve central nervous system exposure. A review of characteristics of compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier is presented by Dr Banks in these proceedings. In addition, Nancy Wehner (Elan Pharmaceuticals) discussed the requirements that lead compounds should meet before becoming 'clinical candidates' and emphasized that outsourcing pre-clinical studies is often needed to efficiently move a compound forward. Daniela Brunner (PsychoGenics, Inc.) discussed behavioral testing in neurodegenerative diseases from a drug screening perspective [7]. Finally, partnership opportunities are often crucial to moving clinical candidates forward into human testing. Thomas Argentieri (Wyeth) addressed what decisions may support or hinder pharma partnership opportunities. He stressed the importance of intellectual property position and discussed the major attributes companies look for in a partner.
Issues in technology transfer: interactions and intellectual property
The importance of protecting intellectual property position was echoed in a session chaired by Kathleen Denis (Rockefeller University). This session began with an introduction on the various roles and responsibilities of the tech transfer office as well as the basics of patents and what they can and cannot successfully cover. The requirements for patentability were further outlined by Colin Sandercock (Proskauer Rose LLP). Louis Berneman (Texelerate) then went on to discuss patent licensing and material transfer agreements as ways for academics to create and foster relationships with industry that are beneficial to both parties. Finally, John Swartley (University of Pennsylvania) closed the session with an assessment of the positives and negatives of starting a biotechnology company, stressing the importance of managing expectations and setting realistic company goals.
Resources and services for advancing drug discovery
The final session of the conference focused on resources and services available for advancing drug discovery and included talks on the scientific and funding resources available. These mechanisms include those within academia (as presented by Martin Watterson), within the National Institutes of Health (as presented by Suzana Petanceska and Lorenzo Refolo), through disease-specific foundation resources, and through commercial vendors (as presented by Katya Tsaioun, Apredica). Speakers focused on resources for assay development, target identification, drug discovery, drug development, pre-clinical toxicology evaluation and other components needed for the translation of pre-clinical drug candidates into potential therapies tested in clinical trials. The final panel discussed the role of venture philanthropy in funding drug discovery for neurodegenerative disorders. Philanthropies are able to take on more risk and fund novel high risk approaches that would be less likely to be funded through more traditional mechanisms.
This conference provided ample networking opportunities for scientists from academia, biotechnology companies, and contract research organizations to meet, discuss ideas and foster collaborations. Through continued education and the nurturing of interdisciplinary interactions, we will be able to overcome the unique challenges of drug discovery for neurodegenerative disease and develop effective therapies to meet the growing need for treatments.
ADMET:
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicology.
Pangalos MN, Schechter LE, Hurko O: Drug development for CNS disorders: strategies for balancing risk and reducing attrition. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007, 6: 521-532. 10.1038/nrd2094.
Ringman JM, Cummings JL: Current and emerging pharmacological treatment options for dementia. Behav Neurol. 2006, 17: 5-16.
Scatena R, Martorana GE, Bottoni P, Botta G, Pastore P, Giardina B: An update on pharmacological approaches to neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007, 16: 59-72. 10.1517/13543784.16.1.59.
Erdal EP, Litzinger EA, Seo J, Zhu Y, Ji H, Silverman RB: Selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem. 2005, 5: 603-624. 10.2174/1568026054679317.
Longo FM, Yang T, Knowles JK, Xie Y, Moore LA, Massa SM: Small molecule neurotrophin receptor ligands: novel strategies for targeting Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007, 4: 503-506. 10.2174/156720507783018316.
Ghosh AK, Kumaragurubaran N, Hong L, Koelsh G, Tang J: Memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) inhibitors: drug development. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2008, 5: 121-131. 10.2174/156720508783954730.
Brunner D, Nestler E, Leahy E: In need of high-throughput behavioral systems. Drug Discov Today. 2002, 7: S107-S112. 10.1016/S1359-6446(02)02423-6.
This article has been published as part of BMC Neurology Volume 9 Supplement 1, 2009: Proceedings of the 2009 Drug Discovery for Neurodegeneration Conference. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/9?issue=S1.
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, 1414 Avenue of Americas Suite 1502, New York, NY, 10019, USA
Diana W Shineman & Howard M Fillit
Diana W Shineman
Howard M Fillit
Correspondence to Diana W Shineman.
Shineman, D.W., Fillit, H.M. Meeting the unique challenges of drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. BMC Neurol 9, I1 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-9-S1-I1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-9-S1-I1

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'Charles Howeson groped me in Drake's Island tunnels', former charity worker tells trial
Charles Howeson, who denies a string of sexual assaults, is on trial at Bristol Crown Court
Sarah ElmesContent Editor
A former charity worker has told a jury he was "groped" by prominent Plymouth businessman Charles Howeson in the tunnels of Drake's Island.
The man, who cannot be named for legal reasons, claimed Howeson, who was then executive director of the Groundwork Trust, touched him inappropriately on more than one occasion.
The alleged victim, who claims the sexual assault happened in in the early 1990s, told a jury Howeson, now 67, groped his groin area in the "complete darkness" of the tunnels on Drake's Island.
Howeson, who denies the claims , has gone on trial at Bristol Crown Court accused of abusing his position of power to indecently touch 10 young men and a teenage boy.
He denies 11 counts of indecently assaulting young men and a boy and one count of attempted buggery.
Charles Howeson denies all charges (Image: Lucy Davies)
The witness told the jury Howeson, a former Naval officer, approached the charity worker "one afternoon" and asked if he could come to the island to help find a set of switches and cables.
On the boat, which the complainant said only carried the two of them, Howeson asked if he would like the steer, the jury heard.
The complainant said: "At first I was sat down and Charles Howeson came up behind me and put his hand on my shoulder, then put his hand down onto my leg and started rubbing my leg.
The amazing stories behind Plymouth's arches to nowhere
"He leant over on my back to show me on the front the fish finder and depth of water. He was leaning over my back and I thought it was really strange as there was no reason for him to be doing that. It was very confusing for me. I was very confused.
"I felt very intimidated and that it wasn't right what he was doing. It was like it was a sexual come-on."
Charles Howeson leaving Plymouth Magistrates' Court on April 13, 2017 (Image: Penny Cross)
The jury heard that the man did not challenge Howeson over the alleged incident - and the two are said to have moored up on the island and made their way to the tunnels to find the switches and cables.
But once there, the witness said he was touched again, this time on his penis.
He told the trial: "It was complete darkness – I was asked to find some cables and switches and I had to get up onto his shoulders. He crouched down and I went to get up and as he did he started to rub my legs again.
"I went behind him and as I did […] he put out his hand to rub my leg again.
The tunnels under Drake's Island (Image: File image)
"He stood up with me on his shoulders. I had to stretch up. He put his hands across and then I was touched on my testicles and my penis. It was more like groping. It went on for about a minute."
This happened twice in the tunnels, the complainant told a jury, before three other workers entered.
"[Howeson] was quite shocked when they came in," the man told the jury.
Despite not telling anyone of the alleged sexual offences at first, the worker was called into a meeting some months later to give a statement, the court was told.
But the complainant claims the alleged offences were "brushed under the carpet" by the Trust.
Charles Howeson's trial so far
Senior Naval officer touched sailor'...
Former Navy officer said sex assault...
Investigators flown in after sexual ...
Sailor was "shaking and upset" after...
The court then heard from the man's carer, who told the jury she was told about the alleged abuse when she brought up Drake's Island in conversation following its purchase by Dan McCauley, the former Plymouth Argyle chairman.
The witness, who cannot be named for legal reasons, told the jury: "I brought it up and I said, 'We'll be able to go over fishing'.
"He said he wasn't going to go over there, and he said that's where things had happened to him. He said he was abused.
"We had a bit of an argument because he didn't like it and he stormed off.
"All I said to him was he needed to sort the issues out because it happened more than once."
The trial continues.
Drake's Island
charles howeson


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text:
Spider Sports Recap: Week of Feb. 3
Feb. 6: Win 81-67 vs. George Mason University
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/spider-sports-recap-week-of-feb-3
Men's basketball beats George Washington 89-63
Dominant defense and sharp three-point shooting pushed the University of Richmond men's basketball team to a 89-63 win over the George Washington University Colonials Saturday night at the Robins Center, where they had the highest point total of the season.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/mens-basketball-beats-george-washington-89-63
Spiders Sports Recap: Week of Jan. 28
Jan. 30: Win 84-81 at Saint Louis University
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/spiders-sports-recap-week-of-jan-28
Women's basketball defeats UMass 62-58
The University of Richmond Spiders defeated the University of Massachusetts Minutewomen 62-58 Sunday at the Robins Center, giving the Spiders their third win in a row.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/womens-basketball-defeats-umass-62-58
Men's basketball loses to La Salle 66-58
Despite leading for most of the second half, the University of Richmond men's basketball team lost 66-58 to La Salle on Saturday night at the Robins Center.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/mens-basketball-loses-to-la-salle-66-58
Senior John Yarbrough prepares for NFL draft
"Playing in the NFL was always my dream growing up," John Yarbrough, a senior Chicago Bears fanatic who finished his final season this fall on the Spider offensive line said. "It is something that has always been in the back of my head."
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/02/senior-john-yarbrough-prepares-for-nfl-draft
Men's basketball falls to St. Bonaventure 66-57
A strong shooting night from sophomore Jacob Gilyard wasn't enough to lead Richmond to victory on Saturday night in the Robins Center, as St. Bonaventure rolled past the Spiders by a score of 66-57.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/01/mens-basketball-falls-to-st-bonaventure-66-57
Women's basketball beats Saint Joseph's 46-45
The University of Richmond women's basketball team beat Saint Joseph's University 46-45 in an A-10 thriller Wednesday night at the Robins Center.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/01/womens-basketball-beats-saint-josephs-46-45
Spider Sports Recap: Week of January 15
Jan. 15: Loss 1-6 at the College of William & Mary
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/01/spider-sports-recap-week-of-january-15
Athletics debuts new student rewards program for basketball games
Richmond Athletics is offering a chance to win front-row tickets to the men's basketball game against Virginia Commonwealth University through its new "Protect oUR City Rewards" program.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/01/athletics-debuts-new-student-rewards-program-for-basketball-games
Men's basketball loses to Duquesne 74-68
Coming off of a strong win last Saturday at George Washington, the Spiders returned home to the Robins Center and lost to an 11-5 Duquesne team on Wednesday night.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2019/01/mens-basketball-loses-to-duquesne-74-68
Women's basketball team defeats Howard University 67-60
The University of Richmond women's basketball team beat Howard University 67-60 at home Saturday, Dec. 8, behind a balanced offensive attack.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/womens-basketball-team-defeats-howard-university-67-60
Former UR quarterback Kyle Lauletta makes NFL debut
Former Richmond quarterback Kyle Lauletta made his NFL debut Sunday afternoon for the New York Giants in a 40-14 victory against the Washington Redskins.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/former-ur-quarterback-kyle-lauletta-makes-nfl-debut
Men's basketball defeats Coppin State 82-47
University of Richmond basketball was dominant against the Coppin State University Eagles Wednesday, Dec. 5, winning 82-47.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/mens-basketball-defeats-coppin-state-82-47
Men's basketball defeats Wake Forest, marking Mooney's record 240th win
The University of Richmond men's basketball team beat Danny Manning and the Wake Forest University Demon Deacons 84-74 in a game Saturday night.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/mens-basketball-defeats-wake-forest-marking-mooneys-record-240th-win
Golf teams will use new indoor facility at home course, Independence Golf Club
The University of Richmond men's and women's golf teams will soon be using an indoor facility built at their home course, Independence Golf Club.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/golf-teams-will-use-new-indoor-facility-at-home-course-independence-golf-club
BREAKING: Starting guard Nick Sherod out for the season with torn ACL
Men's basketball starting guard and junior Nick Sherod tore his ACL Sunday night in the game against Hampton University and will miss the remainder of the 2018-2019 season, Richmond Athletics announced on Monday.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/11/breaking-starting-guard-nick-sherod-out-for-the-season-with-torn-acl
Men's basketball drops third consecutive game, losing 86-66 to Hampton
The University of Richmond men's basketball team lost to Hampton University by a score of 86-66 Sunday night at the Robins Center. This was the team's third consecutive loss, and its record is now 2-4 on the season.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/11/mens-basketball-drops-third-consecutive-game-losing-86-66-to-hampton
Club swimming team hosts first home meet against VCU
The University of Richmond club swimming team hosted its first meet on campus against Virginia Commonwealth University in the Capital Cup on Nov. 17.
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/12/club-swimming-team-hosts-first-home-meet-against-vcu
Spider Sports Recap: Week of Nov. 12
Nov. 17: Win 10-6 at the College of William & Mary
https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/11/spider-sports-recap-week-of-nov-12


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text:
Als Zwergstaat oder Mikrostaat wird in der Wirtschaftsgeographie ein Kleinstaat mit besonders geringer Landfläche und kleiner Bevölkerung bezeichnet.

Allgemeines
In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird überwiegend der Begriff Mikrostaaten verwendet, da Zwergstaat und zahlreiche Synonyme (wie Kleinststaat, Lilliputstaat, Pygmäenstaat, Miniaturstaat, Ministaat oder Diminutivstaat) als eher abwertend verstanden werden. Besonders herabsetzend ist Duodezstaat (abgeleitet von einem historischen Buchformat), eine Spottbezeichnung aus dem 18. Jahrhundert für die damals extrem kleinen deutschen Fürstentümer.

Völkerrechtlich spielt die Größe keine Rolle. Gelegentlich fehlen jedoch bei Zwerg- oder Mikrostaaten einzelne Souveränitätsattribute. Einige lassen sich militärisch, teilweise auch außenpolitisch durch einen Nachbarstaat vertreten. Nach anfänglichen Bedenken, die als "Mikrostaaten-Problem" vor allem in den 1970er Jahren diskutiert wurden, haben die Vereinten Nationen weltweit alle Zwerg- oder Mikrostaaten, die einen entsprechenden Antrag gestellt haben, als Mitglieder aufgenommen.

Begriff
Der Begriff Zwergstaat ist unscharf und war im Laufe der Zeit Veränderungen unterworfen. Bis zu welcher Größe ein Kleinstaat als Zwerg- oder Mikrostaat anzusehen ist, kann daher nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden.

Für die teilweise sehr kleinen Fürstentümer der deutschen Geschichte werden die Bezeichnungen Kleinstaaten und Zwergstaaten auch heute noch als Synonyme verwendet (vgl. Kleinstaaterei). Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert wurden sie ironisch als Duodezstaaten bezeichnet. Duodez war ein kleines Buchformat, analog zum heutigen Taschenbuch oder gebundenen Miniaturformat, und bedeutete im übertragenen Sinn etwas Unbedeutendes. Ein Duodezfürstentum war also ein Fürstentum im Taschenformat.

Neben dem Begriff des Mikrostaats taucht gelegentlich der der sogenannten Mikronation auf. Mikronationen werden von den Vereinten Nationen und anderen internationalen Organisationen nicht anerkannt. Mikronation ist nicht analog zu Mikrostaat zu verstehen; damit ist keine sehr kleine Nation gemeint.

Der Geograph Erich Obst kategorisierte 1972 die nicht trans- oder subkontinentalen Staaten als Makrotop (Flächenstaaten mit mehr als 800.000 km²), Mesotop (Staaten zwischen 40.000 und 800.000 km²), Mikrotop (Staaten zwischen 1000 und 40.000 km²) oder Minitop (Staaten mit weniger als 1000 km²).

Auch die Auflistung unten wendet die geografische Größe in Quadratkilometern, nicht etwa die Einwohnerzahl als Kriterium für die Definition des Begriffs Zwergstaat an. So erscheinen z. B. Island und Luxemburg, die eine ähnliche Einwohnerzahl wie einige der in der Liste erwähnten Staaten aufweisen, doch über ein größeres Territorium verfügen, in diesem Zusammenhang nicht.

Europäische und außereuropäische Zwergstaaten

Europa

In Europa gibt es sechs meist als Zwergstaaten bezeichnete Länder: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, San Marino und die Vatikanstadt. Dabei handelt es sich um einzelne Fürstentümer bzw. Republiken, die ihre Unabhängigkeit bis heute erhalten haben, bzw. um den auf den ehemaligen Kirchenstaat zurückreichenden päpstlichen Anspruch auf eine völkerrechtlich anerkannte souveräne Enklave im Herzen der Stadt Rom.

Außerhalb Europas
Bei den Zwergstaaten außerhalb Europas handelt es sich vor allem um Inselstaaten in der Karibik und dem Südpazifik.

Liste sehr kleiner Staaten
Souveräne Staaten mit einer festen Landmasse von bis zu ca. 1000 Quadratkilometern Fläche (ohne maritime Hoheitsgebiete).

Siehe auch
 Liste der Staaten der Erde

Weblinks
 Staaten der Welt nach Fläche cia.gov
 Linksammlung zu den europäischen Zwergstaaten

Einzelnachweise

Politische Geographie
Staatsmodell
Liste (Staaten)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: javascript element of array stays unchangeable, even after change value My problem is this:
Suppose this class, it's an example of my true code:

class TileMap {
    constructor ( w, h ) {
        this.tiles = [];

        // init the matrix
        for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            var a = [];
            for (var j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                a.push(0);
            }
            this.tiles[i] = a;
        }
    }

    setTile (x, y, tile) {
        this.tiles[y][x] = tile;
    }

    doSomething () {
        this.setTile(0, 0, 1);
        this.setTile(0, 1, 2);
    }
}

// What's happening is when I use like this:
var player = {};
player.map = new TileMap(32, 90, 90);

player.map.doSomething();
console.log("before Tile[0][0] = " + player.map.tiles[0][0]);

player.map.setTile(0, 0, 3);
console.log("after Tile[0][0] = " + player.map.tiles[0][0]);

Shows me the follow output:
before Tile[0][0] = 1
after Tile[0][0] = 1

The matrix are modified but turn back to before values.
What should I do? (NOTE I'm not familiar with javascript but with language like C++)

A: I do not understand what is wrong. I added to your code the player object.

class TileMap{
  constructor ( w, h ){
    this.tiles = [];
    //init the matrix
    for (var i = 0; i < h; i++)
    {
      var a = [];
      for (var j = 0; j < w; j++)
        a.push(0);
      this.tiles[i] = a;
    }
  }

  setTile (x, y, tile){
    this.tiles[y][x] = tile;
  }

  doSomething (){
    this.setTile(0,0, 1);
    this.setTile(0,1, 2);
  }
}

//What's happening is when I use like this:
var player = {};
player.map = new TileMap(32,90,90);
player.map.doSomething();
console.log("before Tile[0][0] = "+player.map.tiles[0][0]);
player.map.setTile(0,0, 3);
console.log("after Tile[0][0] = "+player.map.tiles[0][0]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Export source code of tex file I have to create a training guide for Maple as part of an assignment. Obviously I need to hand in the final PDF document, but I also need to hand in the LaTeX source code to prove that I created the document using LaTeX. Is there a way of exporting the source code with all the colours, indentation etc. still in place?

A: Here is a tcolorbox - listings way of inputting the document itself to the file and displaying the code.
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}

\begin{document}
This is my nice \LaTeXe{} file.

It shows the code of itself:

\tcbinputlisting{breakable,listing file=\jobname.tex,listing only,colback=white!40!yellow,sharp corners}
\end{document}

For breakable boxes:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}

\begin{document}
This is my nice \LaTeXe{} file.

It shows the code of it self -- and here is some blind text to make the text longer

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus. Phasellus viverra nulla ut metus varius laoreet. Quisque rutrum. Aenean imperdiet. Etiam ultricies nisi vel augue. Curabitur ullamcorper ultricies nisi. Nam eget dui. Etiam rhoncus. Maecenas tempus, tellus eget condimentum rhoncus, sem quam semper libero, sit amet adipiscing sem neque sed ipsum. Nam quam nunc, blandit vel, luctus pulvinar, hendrerit id, lorem. Maecenas nec odio et ante tincidunt tempus. Donec vitae sapien ut libero venenatis faucibus. Nullam quis ante. Etiam sit amet orci eget eros faucibus tincidunt. Duis leo. Sed fringilla mauris sit amet nibh. Donec sodales sagittis magna. Sed consequat, leo eget bibendum sodales, augue velit cursus nunc, quis gravida magna mi a libero. Fusce vulputate eleifend sapien. Vestibulum purus quam, scelerisque ut, mollis sed, nonummy id, metus. Nullam accumsan lorem in dui. Cras ultricies mi eu turpis hendrerit fringilla. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; In ac dui quis mi consectetuer lacinia. Nam pretium turpis et arcu. Duis arcu tortor, suscipit eget, imperdiet nec, imperdiet iaculis, ipsum. Sed aliquam ultrices mauris. Integer ante arcu, accumsan a, consectetuer eget, posuere ut, mauris. Praesent adipiscing. Phasellus ullamcorper ipsum rutrum nunc. Nunc nonummy metus. Vestibulum volutpat pretium libero. Cras id dui. Aenean ut

\tcbinputlisting{breakable,listing file=\jobname.tex,listing only,colback=white!40!yellow,sharp corners}
\end{document}

A: One possibility is to simply input the TeX file in a verbatim environment.  A really neat option is the minted package which has nice syntax highlighting:
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{minted}
\usepackage{mwe}

\begin{document}

\blinddocument

\clearpage

\inputminted[bgcolor=gray!10]{latex}{will.tex}

\end{document}

This places, on the last page, the following:

You can customize the appearance of the output in minted.
If you don't like minted, there are other packages to typeset code as well and you should be able to use them in essentially the same way.  Have a search through this website to see a few other options.

A: I use this construction in the \LaTeX source for exercises for my students
\usepackage{verbatim}
...
\newpage
\emph{
Here is the \LaTeX{} source for this document. You can cut it from the
pdf and use it to start your answers. I used the \verb!\jobname!
\emph{macro for the source file name, so you can call your file by any
  name you like.}
\verbatiminput{\jobname}
\end{document}

A: try
\begin{verbatimwrite}{myfile}

\end{verbatimwrite}


text:
What Era Is Categorized by Technology and Terrorism?
The technology of the era
The terrorism of the era
The connection between technology and terrorism
The impact of technology on terrorism
The impact of terrorism on technology
The future of technology and terrorism
The role of technology in terrorism
The role of terrorism in technology
The implications of technology and terrorism
The implications of terrorism and technology
What Era Is Categorized by Technology and Terrorism? We live in a world that is constantly changing and evolving. One of the biggest changes that has happened in recent years is the way that technology has changed the way we live.
Technology has played a significant role in shaping the world we live in today. From the way we communicate and travel, to the way we work and entertain ourselves, technology has had a profound impact on humanity.
The 21st century is no different, and the sheer pace of change can be overwhelming. We are living in an era of unprecedented technological change, and it is happening faster than ever before. We are surrounded by gadgets and gizmos that would have seemed like science fiction just a few short years ago.
However, with this rapid advance of technology comes new challenges and risks. We are now more interconnected than ever before, and this has made us more vulnerable to terrorism. In the past, terrorists would have to physically attack targets in order to cause fear and damage. Now, they can launch cyber-attacks that can disable entire systems and wreak havoc on a global scale.
The technology of the 21st century has brought us many great things, but it has also brought new dangers that we must be aware of. We must be vigilant in our use of technology, and we must work together to protect ourselves from those who would do us harm.
The era we live in is characterized by two things: technology and terrorism. We have seen amazing advances in technology, including the development of the internet, social media, and medical advances. But at the same time, we have seen an increase in terrorist activity. Just a few years ago, we saw terrorist attacks in Paris, Belgium, and Orlando. This has led to increased security measures around the world.
The connection between technology and terrorism is strong and complex. Technology can be used to facilitate terrorist acts, as well as to prevent or mitigate them. Terrorists rely on technology to carry out attacks, recruit members, and raise funds. at the same time, advances in technology have made it easier for law enforcement and intelligence agencies to detect and disrupt terrorist plots.
The 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in the use of technology by terrorist groups. In the past, terrorist groups have used technology for communication and operational purposes. Today, terrorist groups are using technology to carry out attacks, recruit members, and raise funds.
The use of social media platforms by terrorist groups has been a game changer. Social media platforms allow terrorist groups to reach a wide audience with their message and to recruit members from around the world. In addition, social media platforms have allowed terrorist groups to raise funds and carry out attacks without ever meeting in person.
The use of technology by terrorist groups has had a significant impact on how we live our lives. We are now more aware of the threat of terrorism and take precautions that were unthinkable a few years ago. The increased use of technology by terrorist groups is likely to continue to have a major impact on our lives in the years to come.
The 21st century is an era that is categorized by both technology and terrorism. Unfortunately, these two things often go hand-in-hand, as terrorists use technology to further their goals and spread fear. While there have always been terrorist attacks, they have become more common and more deadly in recent years. In addition, the rise of the Internet and social media has made it easier for terrorists to reach a wider audience and recruit new members.
The impact of terrorism on technology can be seen in a number of ways. First, many companies have had to increase their security in order to protect their employees and customers from attacks. This has led to the development of new security technologies, such as biometric scanners and facial recognition software. In addition, the increase in terrorist activity has made it necessary for governments to invest more heavily in surveillance technologies, such as cameras and listening devices. finally, the fear of terrorist attacks has made many people hesitant to use certain technologies, such as public transportation or the Internet.
The future of technology and terrorism is a topic of much debate. There are many different opinions on the subject, and no one can say for sure what the future holds. However, there are some general trends that can be observed.
Technology is always evolving, and there is no reason to think that this will not continue in the future. New technologies can be used for both good and evil purposes, and it is likely that terrorists will continue to find new ways to use technology to their advantage. At the same time, security forces will also continue to develop new technologies to counter the threat of terrorism.
It is difficult to predict exactly what technology will be available in the future, but it is reasonable to expect that both sides in this struggle will have access to increasingly sophisticated tools. As technology evolves, so too will the methods used by terrorists and those trying to stop them.
Today, technology plays a significant role in all forms of terrorism. Terrorist groups use technology for communications, training, planning, and executing attacks. Social media platforms have become a breeding ground for terrorist groups to radicalize individuals and recruit new members. The internet provides terrorist groups with a secure way to communicate without being detected by law enforcement. Spyware, internet surveillance tools, and encryption software allow terrorist organizations to evade detection and plan attacks without being detected.
Technology has played a significant role in the development of terrorism. In the past, terrorist groups have used technology to further their cause and to carry out attacks. Today, terrorist groups are using technology to recruit members, to raise funds, and to plan and carry out attacks. The role of technology in terrorism is likely to continue to grow in the future.
In recent years, there has been an increase in terrorist attacks that have been made possible by technological advances. This has led to a debate about what era we are now living in. Some people believe that we are in a new era of terrorism, while others believe that we are simply seeing a continuation of past trends.
There is no doubt that technology has played a role in the increase of terrorist attacks. The use of social media to spread propaganda and recruit new members is one example of this. The internet has also made it easier for terrorist groups to coordinate attacks and share information.
However, it is important to remember that technology is not the only factor that contributes to terrorism. There are many other factors, such as political instability, religious extremism, and poverty. It is also worth noting that terrorist groups have been using sophisticated methods to carry out attacks for many years, long before the internet was invented.
So, what era are we living in? It is hard to say definitively. However, it is clear that technology has made it easier for terrorists to operate and that this trend is likely to continue into the future.
In the past, terrorism was often seen as something that only happened in certain parts of the world. However, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in terrorist activity in developed countries. This is largely due to the fact that technology has made it easier for terrorist groups to connect with each other and share information.
One of the most significant implications of this is that it has become much harder for governments to track and stop terrorist activity. In addition, the increased use of technology by terrorists has also made it easier for them to carry out attacks. For example, the use of social media platforms has allowed terrorists to reach a wider audience and spread their message more easily than ever before.
The increase in terrorism and the use of technology by terrorist groups is a major concern for governments around the world. They are working hard to try to find ways to prevent attacks from happening and to track down those responsible when they do occur.
How Can Technology Be Bad?
Who Owns Wuhan University of Technology?
Technology and How It Affects Us?
What Is Vr Technology Used for?
Why Is Israel Good at Technology?


text:
Q: Three-dimensional simple Lie algebras over the rationals Let $\mathfrak g$ be a three-dimensional $\mathbf Q$-vectorspace endowed with the structure of a simple Lie algebra. How many non-isomorphic such $\mathfrak g$ are there?
Over the complex numbers, the answer is 1, while over the reals there are two non-isomorphic ones.

A: There are infinitely many. As you know, there are two non-isomorphic three-dimensional Lie algebras over $\mathbb R$ that coincide over $\mathbb C$: $\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb R)$ and $\mathfrak {su}(2)$. To understand what happens over $\mathbb Q$, note that $\mathfrak {su}(2)$ is the derived subalgebra of the quaternion algebra over $\mathbb R$ (which is four-dimensional with a one-dimensional center).
So how many non-isomorphic quaternion algebras are there over $\mathbb Q$? There are infinitely many, though this is non-trivial. For every even set $S$ of absolute values of $\mathbb Q$ (which are the real one and the $p$-adic absolute values), there exists a unique quaternion algebra $D$ over $\mathbb Q$ such that for every $\nu\in S$, $D\otimes_\mathbb Q\mathbb Q_\nu$ is the unique quaternion algebra over $\mathbb Q_\nu$ (here $\mathbb Q_\nu$ denotes the completion of $\mathbb Q$ with respect to the absolute value $\nu$) and for every $\nu\not\in S$, $D\otimes_\mathbb Q\mathbb Q_\nu\simeq M_2(\mathbb Q_\nu)$, and all such quaternion algebras arise in this way. This is essentially an application of quadratic reciprocity (interpreted in terms of the Hilbert symbol).
Of course, the Lie algebra associated to $D$ is four-dimensional (and has a one-dimensional center), so take either the derived subalgebra of $D$ or, equivalently, take elements in $D$ with "reduced" trace zero to get a three-dimensional simple algebra. I can't quite rule out the existence of other algebras (the above are the "inner forms" of $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb Q)$, there might be non-isomorphic "outer forms", but this is well outside my competency)


Four Vincent Legacy Scholarships were awarded in 2018. Winners were Erica Brown of Grandview Middle School, Natalia Castaneda of Congress Middle School in the Park Hill district, James Hawkins of D.D. Eisenhower Middle School in Kansas City, Kan., and Tahraji Milsap of the Ewing Marion Kauffman School in Kansas City, Mo.
Visit kcstarlight.com/education to learn more about the Vincent Legacy Scholarship program and past scholarship recipients.


text:
News Sports Tulare Entertainment Opinion Life Obituaries E-Edition Legals
Layoffs hit Adventist Health across state, including Tulare hospital
Visalia Times-Delta
Tulare's hospital is undergoing major changes, again, this time from the top down.
Adventist Health has laid off more than 1,000 people across California due to the financial impacts suffered during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including more than 200 positions in Tulare, Kings, and Fresno counties.
The layoffs were recorded through the California WARN Act, a regulation that requires employers to give notice before a mass layoff.
Adventist Health's other layoffs hit across the state, including at Adventist locations in Los Angeles and Northern California. Adventist Health has 20 hospitals in California and Hawaii, and the organization employs about 31,000 people. It also has about 50 rural health clinics in four states.
Some of the layoffs were marked as temporary by the WARN notification, but the 44 jobs lost at Adventist Health Tulare were designated permanent. The WARN notice also marks 152 permanent job losses at Adventist Health Hanford. All those employees may be rehired, if the economy turns around.
In other Adventist Health Tulare news, Randy Dodd, president of Adventist Health Tulare, lost his job in a move apparently unrelated to the layoffs.
One employee said, "it was a long time coming."
Dodd's job duties will be taken over by Andrea Kolf, current president of Adventist Health Central Valley Network.
In 2011, Kolf and another hospital executive were permanently barred from overseeing any retirement plan covered by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, according to the National Law Review.
A judgment found that between 2002 and 2004, Kolf and another hospital executive failed to transfer $412,886 in ElaStar Community Hospital employee retirement contributions that had been withheld from employees' paychecks.
Requests for comments from Adventist Health Tulare were referred to a public information officer who was laid off. A request for comment from the head of Adventist Health communications was not returned.
Adventist Health isn't the only medical organization laying off staff. A recent survey of more than 3,200 physicians by the California Medical Association, for example, found that 49% of practices have had to lay off or furlough staff, according to CalMatters.
Elective procedures have been mostly put on hold, health care spending fell 18% in the first quarter of 2020 and 1.4 million health care workers lost their jobs in April, an increase from the 42,000 in March, according to Labor Department reports.
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The Tulare hospital, formerly Tulare Regional Medical Center, reopened in October 2018 under temporary Adventist management. The facility closed for nearly a year amid bankruptcy and management woes.
Adventist started permanently running the Tulare Local Health Care District hospital in May after voters approved a five-year lease and additional five, five-year renewals with an Adventist option to eventually purchase the hospital.
As part of the lease agreement, Adventist pledged to spend $10 million over a two-year span to upgrade and improve the hospital. That was in addition to the $10 million it took to get the hospital up and running after nearly the yearlong closure.
The coronavirus crisis has sent U.S. unemployment surging to 14.7%, a level last seen when the country was in the throes of the Depression.
And because of government errors and the particular way the Labor Department measures the job market, the true picture is even worse. By some calculations, the unemployment rate stands at 23.6%, not far from the Depression peak of nearly 25%.
The Labor Department said Friday that 20.5 million jobs vanished in April in the worst monthly loss on record, triggered by coast-to-coast shutdowns of factories, stores, offices and other businesses.
On Wall Street, stocks pushed higher as investors reckoned that the worst of the job losses are over. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained more than 455 points, or close to 2%.
Worldwide, the virus has infected at least 3.9 million people and killed over 276,000, including more than 77,000 in the U.S., according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University based on official data. White House officials announced that Vice President Mike Pence's press secretary has the coronavirus, the second person at the complex known to test postive this week, and said safety protocols were being stepped up.
The unemployment report indicated that the vast majority of those laid off in April — roughly 75% — consider their job loss temporary, a result of businesses that were forced to close suddenly but hope to reopen and recall staffers.
Whether most of those workers can return anytime soon, though, will be determined by how well policymakers, businesses and the public deal with the health crisis. Economists worry it will take years to recover all the jobs lost.
The meltdown has occurred with startling speed. In February, unemployment was at a more than 50-year low of 3.5%, and the economy had added jobs every month for a record 9 1/2 years. In March, unemployment was 4.4%.
Nearly all the job growth achieved during the 11-year recovery from the financial meltdown has now been lost in one month.
James Ward covers entertainment, news, sports and lifestyles for the Visalia Times-Delta/Tulare Advance-Register.
© 2021 www.visaliatimesdelta.com. All rights reserved.


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