text:
/**
 *
 */
package cscie99.team2.lingolearn.server;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import com.google.appengine.tools.development.testing.LocalDatastoreServiceTestConfig;
import com.google.appengine.tools.development.testing.LocalServiceTestHelper;

import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.server.datastore.CourseTestDAO;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.server.datastore.LessonDAO;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.server.datastore.QuizDAO;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.shared.CourseTest;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.shared.Deck;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.shared.Lesson;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.shared.Quiz;
import cscie99.team2.lingolearn.shared.SessionTypes;

/**
 * @author YPolyanskyy
 *
 * Unit tests for FlashCardResponsDAO class.
 *
 * Make sure the following jars are in the classpath:
 *
 * ${SDK_ROOT}/lib/testing/appengine-testing.jar
 * ${SDK_ROOT}/lib/impl/appengine-api.jar
 * ${SDK_ROOT}/lib/impl/appengine-api-labs.jar
 * ${SDK_ROOT}/lib/impl/appengine-api-stubs.jar
 *
 */
public class SessionDAOTest {
	private final LocalServiceTestHelper helper = new LocalServiceTestHelper(
			new LocalDatastoreServiceTestConfig());

	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
	}

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		helper.setUp();

		// Create and store 3 test Lessons, 2 Quizes and 2 Tests objects
		Deck d1 = new Deck();
		Deck d2 = new Deck();
		d1.setId(101L);
		d2.setId(102L);
		Lesson l1 = new Lesson(111L, d1, 101L, SessionTypes.Kanji_Translation);
		Lesson l2 = new Lesson(112L, d2, 102L, SessionTypes.Kanji_Translation);
		Lesson l3 = new Lesson(113L, d1, 103L, SessionTypes.Kanji_Translation);
		Quiz q1 = new Quiz(114L, d1, 104L, "learn", SessionTypes.Kanji_Translation);
		Quiz q2 = new Quiz(115L, d1, 104L, "learn", SessionTypes.Kanji_Translation);
		CourseTest t1 = new CourseTest(116L, d1, 105L, 30, null);
		CourseTest t2 = new CourseTest(117L, d2, 106L, 60, null);

		// Store them in the local In-memory datastore
		LessonDAO lessonAccessor = LessonDAO.getInstance();
		lessonAccessor.storeLesson(l1);
		lessonAccessor.storeLesson(l2);
		lessonAccessor.storeLesson(l3);

		QuizDAO quizAccessor = QuizDAO.getInstance();
		quizAccessor.storeQuiz(q1);
		quizAccessor.storeQuiz(q2);

		CourseTestDAO courseTestAccessor = CourseTestDAO.getInstance();
		courseTestAccessor.storeTest(t1);
		courseTestAccessor.storeTest(t2);
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		helper.tearDown();
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test Lesson retrieval by "lessonId"
	 */
	public void testGetLessonById() {
		LessonDAO lessonAccessor = LessonDAO.getInstance();
		Lesson lesson = null;
		//Long result = null;
		long result;

		lesson =  lessonAccessor.getLessonById(111L);
		assertNotNull(lesson);
		result = lesson.getSessionId();
		assertEquals("Retrieval Lesson by lessonId failed: expected 111, but obtained: " + result,  result, 111L);
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test CourseTest retrieval by "testCourseId"
	 */
	public void testGetCourseTestById() {
		CourseTestDAO courseTestAccessor = CourseTestDAO.getInstance();
		CourseTest courseTest = null;
		long result;

		courseTest =  courseTestAccessor.getTestById(117L);
		assertNotNull(courseTest);
		result = courseTest.getSessionId();
		assertEquals("Retrieval CourseTest by id failed: expected 117, but obtained: " + result, result, 117L);

	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test Quiz retrieval by "quizId"
	 */
	public void testGetQuizById() {
		QuizDAO quizAccessor = QuizDAO.getInstance();
		Quiz quiz = null;
		long result;
		quiz =  quizAccessor.getQuizById(114L);
		assertNotNull(quiz);
		result = quiz.getSessionId();
		assertEquals("Retrieval Lesson by lessonId failed: expected 114, but obtained: " + result, result, 114L);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetLessonsByCourseId() {
		LessonDAO lessonAccessor = LessonDAO.getInstance();
		List<Lesson> lList = null;
		int size = 1;
		lList = lessonAccessor.getAllLessonsByCourseId(101L);
		assertNotNull(lList);
		// The list should contain 1 Lesson objects
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all Lessons list failed: expected " + size + " Lesson(s), but obtained: " + lList.size(), lList.size(), size);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetCourseTestsByCourseId() {
		CourseTestDAO courseTestAccessor = CourseTestDAO.getInstance();
		List<CourseTest> ctList = null;
		int size = 1;
		ctList = courseTestAccessor.getAllTestsByCourseId(106L);
		assertNotNull(ctList);
		// The list should contain 1 CourseTest object
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all CourseTests list failed: expected " + size + " CourseTest(s), but obtained: " + ctList.size(), ctList.size(), size);

	}

	@Test
	public void testGetQuizesByCourseId() {
		QuizDAO quizAccessor = QuizDAO.getInstance();
		List<Quiz> qList = null;
		int size = 2;
		qList = quizAccessor.getAllQuizsByCourseId(104L);
		assertNotNull(qList);
		// The list should contain 2 Quiz objects
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all Quiz list failed: expected " + size + " Lesson(s), but obtained: " + qList.size(), qList.size(), size);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetAllLessons() {
		LessonDAO lessonAccessor = LessonDAO.getInstance();
		List<Lesson> lList = null;
		int size = 3;
		lList = lessonAccessor.getAllLessons();
		assertNotNull(lList);
		// The list should contain 3 Lesson objects
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all Lessons list failed: expected " + size + " Lesson(s), but obtained: " + lList.size(), lList.size(), size);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetAllCourseTests() {
		CourseTestDAO courseTestAccessor = CourseTestDAO.getInstance();
		List<CourseTest> ctList = null;
		int size = 2;
		ctList = courseTestAccessor.getAllTests();
		assertNotNull(ctList);
		// The list should contain 2 CourseTest objects
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all CourseTest list failed: expected " + size + " CourseTest(s), but obtained: " + ctList.size(), ctList.size(), size);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetAllQuizes() {
		QuizDAO quizAccessor = QuizDAO.getInstance();
		List<Quiz> qList = null;
		int size = 2;
		qList = quizAccessor.getAllQuizs();
		assertNotNull(qList);
		// The list should contain 2 Quiz objects
		assertEquals("Retrieval of the all Quiz list failed: expected " + size + " Quiz(s), but obtained: " + qList.size(), qList.size(), size);
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test delete Lesson by lessonId
	 */
	public void testDeleteLessonById() {
		LessonDAO lessonAccessor = LessonDAO.getInstance();
		Lesson lesson = null;
		// Delete Lesson with lessonId = 111
		lessonAccessor.deleteLessonById(111L);
		// Retrieve non-existing Lesson with lessonId = 111
		lesson = lessonAccessor.getLessonById(111L);
		assertNull(lesson);
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test delete CourseTest by courseTestId
	 */
	public void testDeleteCourseTestById() {
		CourseTestDAO courseTestAccessor = CourseTestDAO.getInstance();
		CourseTest courseTest = null;
		// Delete CourseTest with courseTestId = 116
		courseTestAccessor.deleteTestById(116L);
		// Retrieve non-existing CourseTest with courseTestId = 116
		courseTest = courseTestAccessor.getTestById(116L);
		assertNull(courseTest);
	}

	@Test
	/**
	 * Test delete Quiz by quizId
	 */
	public void testDeleteQuizById() {
		QuizDAO quizAccessor = QuizDAO.getInstance();
		Quiz quiz = null;
		// Delete quiz with quizId = 114
		quizAccessor.deleteQuizById(114L);
		// Retrieve non-existing Lesson with quizId = 114
		quiz = quizAccessor.getQuizById(114L);
		assertNull(quiz);
	}

}


The lowest fare found from Edinburgh (EDI) to Dubai (DXB) was £321 with Norwegian Air, the cheapest direct flight was £377 with Emirates, while Business Class was £1900 with Lufthansa. The fares shown here are the lowest flight prices to Dubai obtained in actual searches by Just The Flight customers. To search and book flights to Dubai, please enter your travel requirements in the search form above, and click the search button.
Dubai is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It hosts the largest population after Abu Dhabi, and consists of a rich, business-orientated culture. The city is famous for its architecture, and is home to the tallest building in the world; the Khalifa Tower.
In contrast with the usually traditionally Arab culture of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai is a cosmopolitan, diverse city. Much of the architecture is based on a modern interpretation of Islamic traditional building styles. Dubai's skyscrapers top those anywhere else in the world – some standing over two thirds of a kilometre high! The modern cityscape is certainly something that entices visitors to the city and impresses upon them.
The 'Rose Rayhaan by Rotana', also known as the Rose Tower, is the tallest hotel in existence. This 72 storey-high hotel boasts a panoramic view of Dubai city, and is a family friendly, non-alcoholic hotel. The luxury hotel has a two-floor conference area, as well as a relaxing spa and a 24 hour coffee shop.
Perhaps the most iconic of Dubai's buildings is the Burj Al Arab, the boat-like hotel which rears above the water on a man-made island. This luxurious hotel claims it is '7 star'; that it outstrips all other hotels by two stars. It is situated 15 kilometres from the city centre and 25 kilometres from Dubai's international airport.
Dubai is in an arid, subtropical climate, meaning that the weather is generally hot and humid, with temperatures often rising above 40 degrees centigrade.
Daily flights from Edinburgh to connecting airports take place several times every day. From these connecting airports, Dubai is only a few hours flight.


Colorado's fire season is shaping up to be a "complete 180" from last year, experts say.
"Everything last year was pointing toward above average fire risk, and everything this year is pointing toward below average," said Bureau of Land Management meteorologist Russell Mann, who compiled the Rocky Mountain Region's Fire Potential Outlook released in April.
The state's snowpack — a significant indicator of spring and summer wildfire risk — is tied for the second highest since 1992, sitting comfortably at 157 percent of its median. Last year's snowpack was tied for the third lowest.
Precipitation was also plentiful in February and March — significantly more so in March, and almost entirely eliminated Colorado's drought. By April 9, only 22 percent of the state was in some state of drought compared with nearly 88 percent this time last year.
Coloradans have the El Niño to thank in part for the promising outlook, and La Niña to blame for last year's puny snowpack.
The climatic variations are opposites and correspond, respectively, with low and high fire danger in Colorado.
The differences in the years are visibly evident in the landscape. Fires already had burned through thousands of acres in March and April 2018, including the 42,795-acre 117 fire near Hanover and the Carson Midway fire just off Fort Carson in southern El Paso County.
El Paso County's only conflagration so far burned a mere 2.8 acres off Colorado 115 near Cheyenne Mountain State Park.
Bellah added that none have so far burned in his district.
The wet spring comes with a possible caveat to wildfire safety, though, said Jeremy Taylor, Colorado Springs Fire Department's Wildfire Mitigation specialist. With plentiful moisture, the dormant grasses will grow lush and tall, only to inevitably die as the region dries out in the fall. On a warm, windy September or October day, a spark would have plentiful fuel to run across the grasslands.
"As we roll into this spring, people can become complacent. We have to avoid that," he said, adding that even in the summer, the ebb and flow of fire danger is unpredictable.
This year's winter weather also provided numerous windows for forest and fire agencies to perform prescribed burns and complete other mitigation work that requires snow on the ground.
The Forest Service was able to burn more than 20,000 slash piles in the Pike & San Isabel forests as well as 1,500 acres in the grasslands. If the weather allows for it, crews will do more this spring, Bellah said.
El Paso County's wildland team was able to mitigate piles of wood roached during the Black Forest Fire and thin the understory in Fox Run Park.


text:
Die USS Bennington (CV-20/CVA-20/CVS-20) war ein Flugzeugträger der US-amerikanischen Marine. Das 1944 in Dienst genommene Schiff gehörte der aus insgesamt 24 Einheiten bestehenden Essex-Klasse an und kam in der Endphase des Zweiten Weltkrieges auf dem Pazifischen Kriegsschauplatz zum Einsatz. Die Bennington war das zweite Schiff in der Geschichte der US-Marine, das diesen Namen trug; Namensgeber war die Schlacht von Bennington. Der Bau des Flugzeugträgers wurde am 15. Dezember 1941 vom Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten autorisiert, und genau ein Jahr später, am 15. Dezember 1942, wurde die Bennington als zwölftes Schiff ihrer Klasse auf der New York Naval Shipyard in New York City (US-Bundesstaat New York) auf Kiel gelegt. Nach dem Stapellauf am 26. Februar 1944 erfolgte am 6. August 1944 die Indienststellung. Die Baukosten beliefen sich 1944 auf rund 77 Millionen US-Dollar, was inflationsbereinigt heutzutage (2012) knapp einer Milliarde US-Dollar entspräche. Erster Kommandant der Bennington war Captain James B. Sykes.

Technische Details, Umbauten und Modifikationen

Die Bennington war bei der Indienstnahme maximal 265,78 m lang und 44,93 m breit (Breite des Flugdecks). Die Breite auf Höhe der Wasserlinie lag bei 28,35 m. Dies sind die ursprünglichen Parameter aus dem Jahre 1944 – diese Daten sind auch im nebenstehenden Informationsblock genutzt. Im Verlauf seiner Dienstzeit wurde der Flugzeugträger indessen mehrfach umgebaut und umklassifiziert, wobei sich die technischen Parameter leicht veränderten.

Nach einer zeitweiligen Versetzung des Schiffes in die Flottenreserve, erfolgte zwischen Oktober 1950 und November 1952 ein erster Umbau, der die maximale Wasserverdrängung der Bennington auf 40.600 ts anhob. Dieser Umbau im Rahmen des sogenannten SCB-27A-Programms ließ die maximale Länge auf 273,74 m und die Breite des Flugdecks auf 46,25 m anwachsen. Zudem kamen neue und leistungsfähigere Flugzeugkatapulte des Typs H-8 an Bord, welche Flugzeuge von bis zu 20 Tonnen Masse und damit auch die neu eingeführten Strahlflugzeuge der ersten Generation starten konnten. Ferner erhielt die Bennington stärkere Flugzeugaufzüge und Strahlabweiser für Jettriebwerke, zusätzliche Klimaanlagen sowie neue Munitionsaufzüge. Die vor und achtern der Insel in Zwillingsturmschilden aufgestellten 12,7-cm-Geschütze Mark 12 L/38 wurden demontiert und durch 28 7,62-cm-Geschütze Mark 33 L/50 in 14 Doppellafetten ersetzt. Diese Kanonen ersetzten zudem alle leichten 4-cm- und 2-cm-Oerlikon-Flugabwehrkanonen. Da im Rahmen dieser Modifikationen die maximale Wasserverdrängung um etwa 11 % angestiegen war, die Maschinenanlage indessen jedoch unverändert geblieben war, sank die Höchstgeschwindigkeit des Trägers auf etwa 31,7 kn (knapp 59 km/h). Nach dem Abschluss der Umbauarbeiten erhielt die nun als sogenannter Angriffsträger klassifizierte Bennington die neue Kennung CVA-20. Da sich nun neue und größere Strahlflugzeuge an Bord befanden, sank die Zahl der mitgeführten Flugzeuge von rund 100 auf etwa 70.

Zwischen Juni 1954 und April 1955 wurde die Bennington bei der New York Naval Shipyard einem erneuten Umbau unterzogen (SCB-125-Programm), wobei der Flugzeugträger ein neues Winkeldeck erhielt. Zudem wurde der hintere und vormals zentral im Deck liegende Flugzeugaufzug an die Steuerbordseite des Flugdecks versetzt (etwa 60 m hinter der Insel). Diese Umbauarbeiten ließen die Wasserverdrängung nochmals leicht ansteigen, so dass die Maximalverdrängung um 1955 nun bei knapp 44.000 ts lag. Während die Länge mit 271,27 m kaum verändert wurde, betrug die Gesamtbreite infolge des neuen Winkeldecks nach dem Umbau 59,74 m (April 1955). Obgleich noch als Angriffsträger mit der Kennung CVA-20 klassifiziert, wurde die Bennington ab dem 30. Juni 1959 als Flugzeugträger für die U-Boot-Jagd eingesetzt und erhielt infolgedessen ab 1959 die neue Kennung CVS-20. Die Zahl der mitgeführten Flugzeuge lag ab dieser Zeit bei etwa 50 bis maximal 70 Maschinen. Nach diesen zahlreichen Modifikationen lag die Besatzungsstärke ab etwa Ende der 1950er Jahre bei etwa 2.300 Mann.

Flugzeugausstattung

Nach der Indienstnahme 1944 bestand die sogenannte Carrier Air Group an Bord der Bennington (Carrier Air Group 82) aus vier Bomberstaffeln (VB-82), ausgestattet mit Sturzkampfbombern des Typs Curtiss SB2C Helldiver, einer Staffel Torpedobomber (VT-82) mit Grumman TBF sowie drei Jagdstaffeln (VF-82). Während eine dieser Staffeln zur US-Marine gehörte und mit Jagdflugzeugen des Typs Grumman F6F Hellcat ausgerüstet war, gehörten zwei Staffeln (VMF-112 und VMF-123) zum United States Marine Corps und flogen teilweise Maschinen vom Typ F4U Corsair. Die höchste Anzahl an Flugzeugen an Bord der Bennington wurde im März 1945 erreicht (102 Maschinen, darunter 18 F4U).

Etwa ab Beginn der 1950er Jahre waren auf der nun als Angriffsträger klassifizierten und eingesetzten Bennington je eine Staffel Jagdbomber North American FJ3 Fury, Grumman F9F Cougar und McDonnell F2H Banshee sowie Douglas A-1 stationiert. Dazu kamen noch eine Staffel zweimotoriger Bomber North American AJ-2 Savage, die auch als Atomwaffenträger konzipiert waren, sowie Frühwarnflugzeuge und Aufklärer des Typs F9F-8P (eine Sonderausführung der Grumman F9F). Für Rettungs-, Bergungs- und Transportaufgaben standen ferner zwölf Hubschrauber Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw zur Verfügung. Mitte der 1950er Jahre wurden auch Flugzeuge der Muster Vought F-8 Crusader, Douglas A-4 und F11 Tiger, die einen Teil der zuvor eingesetzten und teils bereits veralteten Strahlflugzeuge der ersten Generation sowie die AJ-2-Bomber ablösten, von Bord der Bennington aus eingesetzt.

Nach 1960, nach der Umklassifizierung der Bennington zu einem U-Jagd-Träger, befanden sich zwei Staffeln S2F Tracker-U-Jagd-Flugzeuge und zunächst eine Staffel Sikorsky SH-34-Hubschrauber an Bord. Später wurden diese Helikopter durch Maschinen des Typs Sikorsky SH-3A Sea King ersetzt.

Einsatzzeit

Nach der Indienststellung wurde die Bennington zunächst vor der US-Ostküste und in der Karibik einer rund drei Monate dauernden Test- und Erprobungsphase unterzogen. Im Dezember 1944 erfolgte schließlich die Detachierung des Flugzeugträgers zur US-Pazifikflotte. Nachdem am 21. Dezember 1944 der Panamakanal passiert worden war, erreichte die Bennington am 8. Januar 1945 Pearl Harbor.

Pazifikkrieg 1945

Ab dem 8. Februar 1945 operierte die zur Task Force (TF) 58 (Vizeadmiral Marc Andrew Mitscher) abkommandierte Bennington, als Teil der untergeordneten Task Group (TG) 58.1 (Konteradmiral Joseph J. Clark), vom Ulithi-Atoll aus und nahm zwischen dem 10. und dem 18. Februar 1945 am ersten großen Angriff der Flugzeugträger der TF 58 gegen das Gebiet und das Umland von Tokio teil. Diese Attacken sollten unter anderem die zu dieser Zeit anlaufende US-Offensive gegen Iwojima unterstützen. Innerhalb von acht Tagen flogen Flugzeuge der TF 58 dabei 2.761 Einsätze. Maschinen der Bennington beteiligten sich dabei erstmals am 16. Februar 1945 an den Angriffen. Insgesamt flog die Carrier Air Group 82 des Trägers 41 Einsätze, wobei eine Curtiss Helldiver mit zwei Besatzungsmitgliedern (wahrscheinlich über dem Flugplatz Mikatagahara auf Honshū durch Jagdabwehr), eine F4U Corsair (über der Bucht von Tokio, ebenfalls durch Jagdabwehr) und eine Grumman TBF (über Chichi-jima, vermutlich durch Flakfeuer) in Verlust gerieten. Im Gegenzug konnten mindestens 13 japanische Flugzeuge sowie drei kleinere Patrouillenboote zerstört werden.

Ab dem 20. Februar 1945 flogen Flugzeuge der Bennington Luftnahunterstützung gegen japanische Ziele auf Iwojima, wo am 19. Februar die Landung amerikanischer Truppen begonnen hatte. Bis zum 23. Februar wurden dabei 63 Einsätze geflogen, wobei unter anderem die 4.000. Landung eines Flugzeuges auf der Bennington (inklusive aller Übungs- und Manöverlandungen) verzeichnet werden konnte. Von Mitte bis Ende März 1945 unternahmen Maschinen der Bennington erneut Angriffe gegen japanische Flugplätze auf Kyūshū und Honshū sowie auf Schiffsziele in der Seto-Inlandsee. Während dieser Missionen wurden bis Ende März 1945 mindestens 18 japanische Flugzeuge abgeschossen und weitere 39 am Boden zerstört. Die Bennington stand dabei zeitweise nur etwa 80 Seemeilen von der japanischen Küste entfernt. Die Verluste der Carrier Air Group 82 waren hierbei nur sehr gering; lediglich eine Helldiver des Trägers wurde am 18. März nahe Kanoya von japanischem Flakfeuer getroffen und abgeschossen. Beide Besatzungsangehörige der SB2C überlebten und kehrten nach dem Krieg wieder in die USA zurück.

Ab dem 1. April 1945 wurde die Bennington in die Schlacht um Okinawa miteinbezogen, wobei die Jagdflugzeuge des Trägers bis zum 6. April und ohne eigene Verluste mindestens 31 japanische Flugzeuge, zumeist Kamikaze-Maschinen, abschießen konnten. Am 7. April 1945 beteiligten sich Flugzeuge der Bennington zudem an der Abwehr des letzten operativen Vorstoßes der japanischen Flotte gegen Okinawa. Dabei versenkten beinahe 400 Trägerflugzeuge der TF 58 das Schlachtschiff Yamato, den Leichten Kreuzer Yahagi und vier Zerstörer, wobei über 3.500 japanische Seeleute den Tod fanden.

In der Folgezeit, bis Ende Mai 1945, griffen Flugzeuge der Bennington in regelmäßigen Abständen in die Landkämpfe auf Okinawa ein. Am 5. Juni 1945 indessen geriet der Flugzeugträger, mittlerweile Teil der TG 38.1 (nachdem die TF 58 in TF 38 umbenannt worden war), östlich von Okinawa in einen starken Taifun. Fast alle Schiffe der TG 38.1 erlitten mehr oder minder starke Beschädigungen. Die Bennington selbst musste erhebliche Schäden hinnehmen, unter anderem wurde das zu beiden Seiten über den Bug hinausragende Flugdeck um etwa 9 m nach unten gebogen, wodurch auch die Flugzeugkatapulte nicht mehr nutzbar waren. Der Träger wurde infolgedessen am 12. Juni 1945 durch den Flugzeugträger USS Bon Homme Richard abgelöst und nach Leyte beordert, wo bis Anfang Juli 1945 die notwendigen Reparaturen stattfanden.

In der Endphase des Pazifikkrieges griffen Flugzeuge der Bennington von Mitte Juli bis Anfang August 1945 nochmals Ziele auf den japanischen Mutterinseln an. Während der Unterzeichnung der Kapitulation Japans am 2. September 1945 an Bord des amerikanischen Schlachtschiffes USS Missouri in der Bucht von Tokio, überflogen in einer Machtdemonstration mehr als 1.500 Trägerflugzeuge, angeführt von Maschinen der Bennington, das Schlachtschiff und die dort versammelten US-Seestreitkräfte.

Dienstzeit von 1946 bis 1954

Nachdem die Bennington im November 1945 nach den Vereinigten Staaten zurückgekehrt war, wurde der Träger im November 1946, nach einer Grundüberholung bei der Marinebasis Norfolk, zur Reserveflotte versetzt und für rund vier Jahre eingemottet. Im Herbst 1950 erging schließlich die Order, die Bennington gemäß den Anforderungen der neuen Strahlflugzeuge umzurüsten und wieder in Dienst zu stellen. Ab Oktober 1950 wurde der Flugzeugträger deswegen entsprechend dem SCB-27A-Programm umgebaut und im November 1952, unter dem Kommando von Captain David B. Young, wieder in Dienst gestellt. Die Bennington war nun als Angriffsträger klassifiziert und trug die neue Kennung CVA-20.

In den folgenden sechs Monaten absolvierte der Flugzeugträger zumeist Übungseinsätze mit den damals neuen Strahlflugzeugen, wobei am 18. Februar 1953 erstmals ein Kampfjet, eine Grumman F9F Cougar, auf der Bennington landete. Während weiterer Landemanöver geschah am 9. März 1953 ein beinahe verhängnisvoller Unfall, als eine F9F des Marine Corps die Landeseile verfehlte, die Sicherungsnetze der sogenannten "crash barrier" durchbrach und in den geöffneten, vorderen Flugzeugaufzug stürzte. Die Maschine fiel auf eine weitere, auf dem Aufzug geparkte F9F, wobei beide Flugzeuge irreparabel beschädigt wurden. Obgleich das Triebwerk der in den Hangar gestürzten F9F noch eine Zeitlang lief, ereignete sich glücklicherweise keine Explosion. Der Pilot, Captain William H. Bezzell, überlebte den Zwischenfall und konnte unverletzt aus seiner Maschine entkommen. Insgesamt wurden etwa 40 Besatzungsmitglieder bei dem Vorfall leicht verletzt.

Ein weiterer und folgenschwererer Zwischenfall ereignete sich am 27. April 1953, während die Bennington östlich von Kuba kreuzte. Vermutlich infolge von Materialermüdung brach ein Rohr des vorderen Kessels No. 1 auf der Backbordseite und ausströmender Heißdampf tötete elf Angehörige des Maschinenraumpersonals. Vier weitere Seeleute erlitten schwere Verletzungen und mussten nach der Guantanamo Bay Naval Base ausgeflogen werden.

Die Katapultexplosion am 26. Mai 1954

Nach der Reparatur der bei der Explosion im Kesselraum entstandenen Schäden bei der New York Naval Shipyard setzte die Bennington ab Spätsommer 1953 ihre Ausbildungsfahrten fort, wobei das Schiff im Winter 1953/54 eine Besuchsreise ins Mittelmeer unternahm. Am Morgen des 26. Mai 1954 befand sich der Träger vor der Narragansett Bay und führte Start- und Landemanöver durch. Dabei kam es um 8.11 Uhr zu einer verheerenden Explosion des (hydraulischen) H-8-Flugzeugkatapultes auf der Backbordseite, welche wiederum zwei Folgeexplosionen auslöste. Die Druckwellen der Explosionen waren so heftig, dass im gesamten vorderen Schiffsdrittel Schotten blasenartig aufgewölbt und Trenntüren herausgerissen wurden. Deckenträger und Niedergänge wurden später teils wie Korkenzieher verdreht vorgefunden.

Nach den Explosionen wurde schnell ersichtlich, dass das bordeigene Lazarett mit der Unterbringung der vielen Verletzten völlig überfordert war, weswegen ab 9.25 Uhr im hinteren Teil des Hangardecks Feldbetten zur provisorischen Aufnahmen von Verwundeten aufgestellt wurden. Knapp zwei Stunden nach der Katastrophe trafen erste Rettungshubschrauber aus Quonset Point bei der Bennington ein und begannen mit dem Ausfliegen von Schwerstverletzten. Der Träger selbst erreichte aus eigener Kraft, wenngleich auch von fünf Schleppern unterstützt, um 12.33 Uhr Quonset Point.

Wie später rekonstruiert werden konnte, wurde die Katastrophe sehr wahrscheinlich durch ein Leck im Hydrauliksystem des Katapults verursacht. Obgleich die Hydraulikflüssigkeit selbst normalerweise nicht brennbar war, bildeten die Gase der Flüssigkeit mit der Umgebungsluft ein explosives Gas-Luft-Gemisch. Was letztlich dieses Gemisch entzündete, konnte nicht zur Sicherheit geklärt werden, da alle Besatzungsangehörigen in den betreffenden Räumen ums Leben kamen.

Das Desaster forderte insgesamt 103 Todesopfer und 201 Verwundete, darunter 139 Schwerverletzte, und gilt als das schwerste Unglück auf einem Kriegsschiff der United States Navy in Friedenszeiten. Zudem ist das Ereignis, nach der Forrestal-Katastrophe von 1967 (die sich während des Vietnamkriegs ereignete und somit nicht als ein Unfall in Friedenszeiten angesehen werden kann), das opferreichste Unglück an Bord eines amerikanischen Flugzeugträgers überhaupt. Während noch am 26. und am 27. Mai 1954 insgesamt 99 Todesopfer geborgen werden konnten, verstarben in den nachfolgenden Tagen und Wochen noch vier weitere Verwundete. Das letzte Opfer erlag am 10. Juni 1954 im Lazarett den erlittenen Verletzungen. Zum Gedenken an die Opfer auf der Bennington wurde im Fort Adams State Park in Newport (Rhode Island) ein Monument errichtet.

Dienstzeit von 1955 bis 1966

Nach der folgenschweren Katapultexplosion wurde die Bennington im Juni 1954 bei der New York Naval Shipyard eingedockt und repariert. Dort wurde der Flugzeugträger bis April 1955 zugleich entsprechend dem SCB-125-Programm umgebaut und mit einem Winkeldeck ausgestattet. Nachdem im Mai 1955 mit Captain Paul F. Foley ein neuer Kommandant an Bord gekommen war, verlegte die Bennington im November 1955 nach dem japanischen Yokosuka. Die folgenden knapp vier Jahre verblieb der Träger auf der Station in Japan, wobei unter anderem das australische Sydney, Okinawa und Hawaii besucht wurden.

Nach einer Grundüberholung bei der Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Kalifornien zwischen März und Juni 1959, wurde die Bennington ab dem 30. Juni 1959 als U-Boot-Jagd-Flugzeugträger klassifiziert und erhielt die neue Kennung CVS-20. Bis Dezember 1960 führte das Schiff U-Jagd-Manöver vor der amerikanischen Westküste durch. Dabei kollidierte die Bennington am 11. August 1960 etwa 175 Seemeilen westlich von San Francisco mit dem amerikanischen Zerstörer USS Richard S. Edwards, wobei der Zerstörer beträchtliche Schäden erlitt. Die Bennington wurde bei der Kollision, die durch einen Ruderschaden an Bord der Richard S. Edwards verursacht worden war, nur leicht beschädigt. Personalverluste entstanden keine.

Im Januar 1961, infolge der drohenden Eskalation des Bürgerkrieges in Laos, bildete die zur 7. US-Flotte gehörende Bennington, gemeinsam mit den Flugzeugträgern USS Coral Sea und USS Lexington, eine Trägerkampfgruppe im südchinesischen Meer. Flugzeuge der drei Träger griffen zwar nicht in die Auseinandersetzungen in Laos ein, doch bewirkte diese Show of Force, dass sich die Lage im Land beruhigte. Im Juni 1961 wurde die Kampfgruppe infolgedessen wieder aufgelöst und die Bennington verlegte nach San Diego. Im Spätjahr 1961 wurde der Träger nach Bremerton detachiert und dort auf der Puget Sound Naval Shipyard bis März 1963 einem Umbau und einer Modernisierung gemäß dem FRAM II-Programm unterzogen.

Zwischen März 1963 und Januar 1965 unternahm die Bennington zwei Fahrten nach Asien, unter anderem wurde dabei Hongkong besucht. Im Dezember 1964 beteiligte sich der Träger außerdem an den Rettungseinsätzen nach der Flutkatastrophe in Kalifornien, hierbei flogen Hubschrauber des Schiffes 102 Transport- und Bergeeinsätze, zumeist ins Stadtgebiet oder ins Umland von Eureka. Nach einer weiteren Werftliegezeit bei der Long Beach Naval Shipyard 1965, diente die Bennington im Anschluss bis Mitte 1966 als Erprobungsschiff, wobei am 18. Mai 1966 die erste Landung eines VTOL-Flugzeuges des Typs Ling-Temco-Vought XC-142 auf der Bennington und damit auf einem Flugzeugträger überhaupt stattfand.

Dienstzeit von 1966 bis 1970

Im November 1966 verlegte die Bennington über Hawaii und Sasebo nach der United States Naval Base Subic Bay (Philippinen) und operierte im Kontext des Vietnamkriegs in den Folgemonaten von dort aus vor der Küste von Vietnam auf der sogenannten Yankee Station. Das Schiff beteiligte sich nicht an direkten Luftangriffen, sondern absolvierte zumeist Bergungs- und U-Jagd-Operationen. Mehrere Hubschrauber des Trägers gerieten dabei in Verlust, jedoch nicht durch Feindeinwirkung. So stürzte etwa am 12. Januar 1967 eine SH-3A Sea King während einer Nachtoperation aus ungeklärten Gründen ins Meer. Zwei Besatzungsangehörige kamen dabei ums Leben, vier weitere erlitten Verletzungen. Im September 1967 wurde ferner die 100.000. Landung eines Flugzeuges auf der Bennington registriert.

Am 9. November 1967 barg der Flugzeugträger außerdem die zu Testzwecken ins All gebrachte (und noch unbemannte) amerikanische Raumsonde Apollo 4, die nach der Absolvierung von zwei Erdumrundungen etwa 940 Seemeilen nordwestlich von Honolulu planmäßig in den Pazifik gestürzt war. Ende 1968 wurde die Bennington schließlich wieder nach den Vereinigten Staaten zurückbeordert.

Nach mehreren Werftaufenthalten diente die Bennington ab Juni 1969 noch zeitweilig als Trainingsschiff für Trägerpiloten vor Long Beach. Während dieser Zeit fand die 112.000. Landung eines Flugzeuges auf der Bennington statt. Gleichwohl indessen ereignete sich am 25. Juni 1969 erneut ein tödlicher Unfall, als eine Douglas A-4 während eines Nachtflugmanövers aus nicht sicher geklärten Gründen kurz nach dem Start ins Meer stürzte, wobei der Pilot getötet wurde. Am 13. Oktober 1969 erging schließlich die Order, die Bennington in die Reserveflotte zu versetzen und einzumotten. Am 15. Januar 1970 schließlich wurde der Flugzeugträger in Bremerton außer Dienst gestellt.

Verbleib

Für beinahe 20 Jahre verblieb die Bennington in eingemottetem Zustand in Bremerton, ehe sie am 20. September 1989 aus dem Flottenregister gestrichen wurde. Das mittlerweile stark verrottete Schiff wurde im Januar 1994 zum Verschrotten verkauft und im Dezember 1994, nachdem im September des gleichen Jahres in Bremerton bereits die Insel und die Flugzeugaufzüge entfernt worden waren, nach Indien geschleppt und dort auf den Abwrackwerften bei Alang bis Frühjahr 1995 zerlegt.

Auszeichnungen

Für ihre Einsätze im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Bennington mit drei Battle Stars ausgezeichnet. Zudem wurde dem Träger zweimal eine Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation zuteil und wurden an ihn die World War II Victory Medal sowie die Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal verliehen.

Literatur

 Raven, Alan: Essex-Class Carriers. U. S. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1989.
 Stille, Mark: U. S. Navy Aircraft Carriers 1942–45. Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2007.
 Stefan Terzibaschitsch: Flugzeugträger der U. S. Navy. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 2001.

Weblinks

 Die Bennington im Aircraft Carrier Photo Archive von NavSource Online (engl.).
 Geschichte der Bennington bei Naval History and Heritage Command (engl.).
 Bilder der Bennington bei Maritimequest (engl.).
 Bilder kurz vor der Verschrottung

Essex-Klasse
Schiff im Pazifikkrieg
Katastrophe 1954
Explosionskatastrophe
Gedenken an den Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Port Gibson's Dick Yost achieves 50 years of service
It's hard to imagine that a teen-age summer job could be a direct path to a fulfilling career of nearly 50 years. But that's what happened for Erdman Anthony employee Dick Yost of Port Gibson, who celebrates the milestone this month. Yost, a land surveyor, has traveled many miles over the years for Rochesterbased Erdman […]
In Tune with Time, at 100
visitor at Esther Rexer's 100th birthday party in Lyons Jan. 27 arrived just a little too late to catch the former music teacher "tickling the ivories" at her electric piano.
"She plays by memory," said Esther's sister, Genevieve Smart, who helped host the celebration that brought dozens of friends and relatives to Esther's home. "And, she plays nearly every day. Her eyesight is failing, but she memorizes the songs. She likes to play 'Stardust.'"
Esther, besides teaching music, is also a retired choir director and church organist at North Rose United Methodist Church. She lived in Florida for several years after retirement from
Snowmobiling Approved for Canalway Trail
In an example of grassroots government, new state regulations clear the way for snowmobilers to use the Canalway Trail. The activity previously had been prohibited along the 280-mile trail that parallels most of the New York State Canal System in Upstate New York. With the consent of local communities, snowmobile organizations now can receive permits […]
County approves Resolution to give Village of Lyons Hotchkiss Building
Will the Village accept? At last Tuesday's (1/18) Wayne County Board of Supervisor's Meeting, the decision became final, at least as far as the County is concerned. The Board authorized the return of Save America's treasures ("SAT") grant award for the Hotchkiss Building Restoration Project. The resolution returned the $197,221, citing the construction time line […]
WXXI recognizes Gananda Teacher as "Mission US" Educator of the Year
WXXI has named Bob Caulkins the Mission US Educator of the Year for the Greater Rochester region. Caulkins is being recognized for his outstanding efforts in usingMission US, an innovative multimedia resource, to enrich the teaching of American history with his students at Gananda Middle School in Walworth, New York. Mission US is a series […]
Nature detectives solve "Murder" Mystery at Audubon Center CSI event
Montezuma Audubon Center hosted their first program in the Hot Cocoa and Snow Series entitled CSI: Montezuma on January 8, 2011. A bright and beautiful day welcomed 23 people to the Montezuma Audubon Center (MAC) for the first program in the 2011 Hot Cocoa and Snow series. The enthusiastic participants assisted MAC Education Manager Chris […]
Macedon Police add full-time officer
It became official last week. Macedon Police added their fifth full-time police officer. Officer Charles Michels began his law enforcement career in the United States Army as a Military Police officer and currently holds the rank of Staff Sergeant in the Army Reserve. He followed his active military service with law enforcement positions with the Department of Defense, New York State University Police - Alfred State College and most recently with the Village of Lyons Police Department.
Officer Michels has been working as a part-time Macedon Police Officer since March of 2009. The Department currently...
Via WTAE Pittsburgh GOOD MORNING. IT'S THURSDAY, JANUARY .20 I'M RYAN RECKER. GREAT TO BE WITH YOU. MICHELLE: GOOD MORNING. MICHELLE: I'M MICHELLE WRIGHT. Read more

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On Saturday May 17th, 2008 (i.e. tomorrow) Karl Shifflett and I will be giving an all-day presentation about using WPF to create line-of-business (LOB) applications. So if you are anywhere near Charlotte, North Carolina, and want to learn about WPF for LOB, stop on by! It's free to register and attend.
You can read more about it here. Karl has posted his excellent demo application, which will be the focal point of his three sessions here. I will post my presentation material directly after it finishes, since some of my material will be created during the sessions.
I just finished speaking at Microsoft's WPF Bootcamp in Redmond, WA. My topic was how to design, implement, and unit test WPF applications. I focused on using the Model View Controller pattern, as well as how to write unit tests for the Model and Controller. In about a month or so, a video recording of the entire WPF Bootcamp will be put on the Web. When that happens, I'll let you know.
NOTE: You need to change the download's file extension from .DOC to .ZIP and then decompress it. This is a workaround for a limitation imposed by WordPress.
I have met many of the WPF biggies while out here. I enjoyed lunch with Rob Relyea and Dr. WPF while discussing the future of WPF, and right now I'm sitting next to Karsten Januszewski and Jaime Rodriguez! It's great to finally meet the people whose blogs have shaped my thinking about WPF, and whose forum posts have shown me the framework in such great detail.
Karl Shifflett, Andrew Smith, and I have gone too far this time. We are so far gone into the world of WPF visualizers that there's no turning back. We took our Mole visualizer for WPF and built something ten times better…Mole II.
Karl and I have been slaving over this thing for weeks now. Andrew has been like a sniper, who has helped squash some of the really nasty bugs and then disappear into the thickets until needed again. Mole II was the most fun, collaborative, interesting, and exciting software project I've ever been involved with. All I can say is…WOW!
Oh yeah, by the way, I'll be giving a WPF presentation tonight (Thursday, 12/7/2007) at the Beantown .NET User Group. If you're in Boston tonight, stop on by.
I spent the weekend in Charlotte, North Carolina and had a great time giving my WPF presentation at the Charlotte Developers GUILD Code Camp. I met a lot of really nice people down there, and found that there was a lot of interest around WPF amongst the attendees. It was a blast!
I had the pleasure of meeting and hanging out with the most passionate WPF developer and speaker in the known Universe, Karl Shifflett. Karl gave his impassioned WPF presentation after mine, and did an awesome job. I think I convinced Karl to start sharing his passion for WPF and VB.NET by blogging tips and tricks, which should help fill that gigantic WPF/VB.NET abyss in cyberspace.
Also I got to meet Rob Zelt, the man who once made my day when he sent me a PDF copy of my old blog, which had been deleted by my previous employer. Thanks Rob!


The woman identified only as Maggie said her parents had objected to her marriage to the inconsiderate man, raising doubts about his ability to cater for her.
The sad woman recently revealed in an interview with Kenya-based Radio Jambo that her parents had objected to her marriage to the inconsiderate man, raising doubts about his ability to cater for her.
However, being blindfolded by love then, she lied to the parents that the man was more than capable.
As if having lied to her parents was not dangerous enough, the then young woman went ahead to give her fiancé KSh 100,000 cash to enable him pay her dowry.
"We met when I was in university and we loved each other when he was jobless. My parents did not want us to get married so I lied that he had money and gave him KSh 100,000 to pay my dowry," Maggie said.
After marriage the couple were happily living when Maggie unfortunately had an accident and it became necessary that one of her legs be amputated. To worsen her predicament was the fact that the devastating accident has rendered her barren.
"I was involved in an accident then he said he could not stay with me. I lost my leg. He left when I had already been discharged. I could not get a child," the jilted woman narrated.
Having lost her leg and ability to give birth, Maggie is currently facing her third agony of being dumped by her husband who claimed he can no longer spend his life with her due to her plight.
The poor woman's biggest regret is the fact that she has no child to call her own. But she has chosen to move on and love herself.


text:
Factoring and Multiples
Subjects>Arts & Entertainment>Movies & Television
What is the LCM of 27 using prime factorization?
You need at least two numbers to find an LCM no matter what method you choose.
Q: What is the LCM of 27 using prime factorization?
Continue Learning about Movies & Television
What is the LCM of 12 and 27 using prime factorization?
The LCM of 12 and 27 is 108
How do you write a prime factorization of 27 using exponents?
What is prime factorization of 128 using exponents?
128 = 27
What is the least common multiple of 10 18 and 27?
The LCM of 10, 18, and 27 is 270 The prime factorization of 27 is 3 x 3 x 3 The prime factorization of 18 is 3 x 3 .....x 2 The prime factorization of 10 is .... ........,,, 2 x 5 _________________ LCM:3x 3 x 3 x 2 x 5 = 270
Prime factorization 8 27?
The prime factorization of 8 is 2^3. The prime factorization of 27 is 9 x 3.
Least Common Multiple (LCM) for 27 48 is 432.
What is the prime factorization of 27 using exponents?
What is the prime factorization of 27 using the ladder method?
The prime factorization of 27 is 3 x 3 x 3.
What is the prime factorization of 27 using a factor tree?
27 9,3 3,3,3
What is the prime factorization of 128 using exponents?
Created By Leland Grant
Created By Willy Quitzon


Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced that the Excelsior Scholarship application for students to attend SUNY or CUNY tuition free this spring semester will open today, Monday, October 30th and will be open until December 4th. Recipients of the Excelsior Scholarship's spring awards will join the more than 210,000 students already attending a public college or university in New York State tuition-free, and the 45,000 students deemed eligible for the Scholarship in the fall.
"New York's Excelsior Scholarship has succeeded in opening doors to opportunity for students and families across the state and this week, we reopen the application process for these individuals to get a quality education tuition-free," Governor Cuomo said. "I encourage income-eligible students in every corner of this state to take advantage of this chance to go to one of New York's top-notch SUNY and CUNY institutions this spring."
Students who did not receive the Excelsior Scholarship this fall and who meet all eligibility requirements can apply here starting today, October 30th. The Excelsior Scholarship is being phased in over three years. For the 2017-18 academic year New Yorkers with household incomes up to $100,000 are eligible, increasing to $110,000 in 2018-19, and reaching $125,000 in 2019-20. Students must be enrolled in college full-time and complete 30 credits per year (including Summer and January semesters) in order to receive the funding. However, the program has built in flexibility so that any student facing hardship is able to pause and restart the program, and all recipients can take fewer credits one semester than another in completing 30 credits per year.
Students are required to maintain a grade point average necessary for the successful completion of their coursework, and, as the program makes a major investment in the state's greatest asset - our young people - scholars will be required to live and work in-state after graduation for a duration equal to the number of years an Excelsior Scholarship was received.
Approximately 45,000 students were determined eligible for the Excelsior Scholarship this fall and are attending SUNY or CUNY tuition-free this year. This includes more than 23,000 who have their tuition covered through TAP, Pell and other financial aid, and nearly 22,000 who have their remaining tuition costs covered by the Scholarship. Students who learned of their eligibility for TAP and Pell through the Excelsior Scholarship application process may have otherwise been unaware of their ability to qualify for cost-free tuition. In total, approximately 53 percent of full-time SUNY and CUNY in-state students, more than 210,000 New York residents, are going to school tuition-free thanks to the addition of students receiving the Excelsior Scholarship.
Dr. Guillermo Linares, Acting President of the New York State Higher Education Services Corporation, said, "The opening of a spring application will enable many more students and families to benefit from this groundbreaking, first-in-nation program. The cost of college prevents many families with limited financial means from reaching their higher education goals. Tuition-free college removes that barrier for families in every corner of our state."
"Governor Cuomo's Excelsior Scholarship Program opens the door for thousands of students to receive a top quality higher education at any of SUNY's 64 colleges and universities," said SUNY Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson. "This first of its kind program ensures that New York State will continue to be a national leader in college accessibility and affordability, and we will work hard to unlock its full potential."
CUNY Chancellor James B. Milliken said, "With Excelsior Scholarships complementing TAP and PELL, more than 60 percent of CUNY students will end up attending college tuition-free this semester. The expanded access that Governor Cuomo's landmark Excelsior Scholarship program provides to lower-income and middle-class students positions New York as a national leader in college affordability."
To apply, students must also have completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid and the NYS Tuition Assistance Program application. Students currently receiving an award do not need to apply for a spring award.
Applications will be accepted through Monday, December 4. To learn more or to apply, click here.
HESC is New York State's student financial aid agency and a national leader in providing need based grant and scholarship award money to college-going students. At HESC's core are programs like the Tuition Assistance Program or TAP, numerous state scholarships, federal college access grants and a highly successful College Savings program. HESC puts college within the reach of hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers each year through programs like these and through the guidance it provides to students, families and counselors. In 2015-16, HESC helped more than 373,000 students achieve their college dreams by providing nearly $1.03 billion in grants, scholarships and loan forgiveness benefits, including $956 million awarded through the Tuition Assistance Program.


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The Privacy Policy applies to any website, application, form, document, product or service which references this Policy.
We reserve the right, at our discretion, to modify or remove portions of this Privacy Policy at any time. This Privacy Policy is in addition to any other terms and conditions applicable to the website. We do not make any representations about third party websites that may be linked to the website.
The terms "we," "us," and "our" refer to the Company. "You" and "your" refers to you, as a user of our Site or our Service. By accessing our Site or our Service, you accept our Privacy Policy and consent to our collection, storage, use and disclosure of your Personal Information as described in this Privacy Policy.
Personal information belonging to you and visitors of our site is only collected when it is voluntarily submitted via this website.
As we may need to collect your information to provide you with further services or to attend to your requests or queries, it is our intention that this policy will protect your personal information from being dealt with in any way that is inconsistent with any applicable privacy laws in South Africa.
We have regulatory obligations, including compliance with the Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 38 of 2001 and anti-money laundering legislation, to process your personal information. This includes verifying your identity or the identity of your beneficial owner and/or controlling persons. We are also required by various laws to maintain a record of our dealings with clients.
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text:
'Outdated' green belt rules must be reviewed
by: John Fitzsimons
A 'citizen's jury' has called on the government to amend its rules protecting development on the green belt in order to deliver more affordable homes.
A jury of Londoners was convened by Community Research, with the aim of representing the demographics of the capital. Jurors were drawn from 12 different boroughs, and screened to ensure they were not working in planning or for developers, while those who were active in politics or who had campaigned on environmental issues were also taken out.
They were then presented with evidence on both sides of the argument over a day and a half from witnesses including London MPs, town planners, and the Campaign to Protect Rural England.
The jury voted by a margin of 11-1 in favour of locally-led reviews of the green belt with the aim of producing more affordable properties.
Target brownfield sites
The jury concluded that while genuinely green areas are highly valued and should not be built on, low-quality and brownfield land ‒ which is already used for things like rubbish dumps and construction yards ‒ should be reviewed to see if they could work for new homes.
It also supported the idea of green belt swaps, where green spaces are created while low-quality and brownfield sites are taken out for potential development, and agreed that any green belt review should be locally led to ensure that communities have a say.
Jasmine Whitbread, chief executive of London First, said that while the capital's green spaces should be protected, this did not mean "that low-quality land is safeguarded at all costs".
She continued: "It's time for the government to review the outdated Green Belt rules and for politicians across London to start working with their local communities to explore how small sections could be released to support the delivery of more affordable homes."
brownland Community Research green belt London First
Melton Mowbray BS launches Help to Buy purchase and remortgage
Shawbrook launches self-service product switch platform for BTL customers
Shawbrook has released an online self-service platform that should reduce flight times from application to offer for buy-to-let customers that...


During the holidays, I came across this Jacquemus peplum blazer that epitomizes a femme fatale aesthetic. I was debating whether to get the pale yellow or black color but ended up choosing the yellow as it was more unique. I loveeee the silhouette of this blazer. The draped peplum hem sets it apart from more traditional silhouettes and the cinched waist creates a slimming hourglass that is really flattering. I decided to layer it over a burgundy turtleneck with gold accessories and wore burgundy flared trousers to match.


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EXPRESS INFORMER > Health & Medicine > As COVID-19 cases soar and regions lock down, Dr. Tam has a blunt message about holiday planning
As COVID-19 cases soar and regions lock down, Dr. Tam has a blunt message about holiday planning
https://i.cbc.ca/1.5813539.1606178080!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_620/covid-cda-20201122.jpg
You can watch the full interview with Dr. Theresa Tam tonight on The National on CBC-TV, News Network, streaming on cbcnews.ca and on CBC Gem.
On a day that saw Ontario and Manitoba announce record-high numbers of new COVID-19 cases, two provinces pull out of the much-lauded Atlantic bubble and close their borders, and millions of people in different regions of the country plunge back into lockdowns reminiscent of last spring, Canada's chief public health officer said the tighter rules are a necessary evil right now.
"The longer you wait to increase the measures, the longer it would take to come out of the restrictions," Dr. Theresa Tam told The National's Andrew Chang.
She said that over the past several months, provincial and territorial medical officers of health tried hard to achieve a balance where they could keep up with COVID-19 testing and contact tracing while keeping society open.
"It's just something that people have never tried in the history of the last hundred years," Tam said. "They were trying really hard to minimize impact on the economic side, on schools, on work…. It's just not an easy thing to do."
In the past month alone, Canada's number of confirmed or presumptive cases rose by more than 125,000, increasing from 211,732 on Oct. 23 to 337,555 Monday. Provinces are seeing daily case counts higher than they ever saw during the first wave.
And so now, with the holiday season just weeks away, Canadians are wondering if one of the bright spots in Canada's long, dark winter will be another casualty of 2020 — and whether the country will ever get off the roller coaster of flattening the curve only to see cases soar again.
Tam is blunt when it comes to the upcoming holiday season: No large gatherings. Keep it small. Keep it within your own household.
"Christmas is not going to be having any kind of large group interactions," she said. "Even with family, you've got to really think twice. Avoid non-essential travel. Keep to your current household contacts as much as possible."
WATCH | Tam says the message around holidays is the same no matter where in Canada you live:
Canada's chief public health officer, Dr. Theresa Tam, says it's clear that Christmas this year is not going to be like other years. She recommends against any gatherings but has some advice if people choose to forgo the public health guidelines. 0:48
On finding the right balance
Tam told The National that there was no one thing that led to Canada's second, stronger wave, but that it was rather a mix of different factors: policy, behaviour, contact tracing and testing.
"With some of the increased interactions in society and more spread in certain situations, the cases unfortunately accelerated…. Obviously very fast."
She said that while it was right to ease restrictions in the summer months when case numbers started to go down, it is crucial now that people reduce their contacts to only the people they live with, in most areas in Canada.
"As things accelerate, my message has been clear," she said. "You've got to flatten the curve as fast as we can. If we wait, it is not going to be helpful."
She lauded the provincial and territorial health officers' work to try to keep society open, including schools and essential workplaces. But, she said, once the case numbers got too high and contact tracing couldn't keep up, the capacity for health systems and hospitals to keep up was at risk.
"It's not a matter of health versus the economy. It's both. You need to to control the virus in order to also ensure that we support the economy."
WATCH | Tam describes why increased testing and tracing weren't enough alone to minimize the impact of the pandemic:
Dr. Theresa Tam, chief public health officer of Canada, talks about the difficulty of finding the balance between keeping society open and maintaining the integrity of the health-care system. 2:06
Remaining optimistic
Tam warned that the coming months are likely to be some of the most difficult of the pandemic to date, but she said there is reason to feel positive about where things are going.
She cites the data coming out of vaccine trials showing at least three vaccines so far with effective rates of 80 to 95 per cent; doctors' increased knowledge of how to treat patients with COVID-19; and more and different kinds of testing.
"All of those things coming together means that we will always see the end of a pandemic," she said. "No pandemic doesn't have an ending."
WATCH | Tam says there are several different factors that lead her to believe this pandemic will end:
Dr. Theresa Tam, chief public health officer of Canada, describes why she is optimistic about an eventual end to this pandemic. 1:01
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Secretary of State Mike Pompeo gestures while speaking during a news conference at the US State Department in Washington, Thursday, April 4, 2019. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
April 05, 2019 - 8:44 am
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FILE - In this March 5, 2019, file photo, U.S. National Security Adviser John Bolton adjusts his glasses before an interview at the White House in Washington. Bolton is condemning Venezuela President Nicolas Maduro, saying he is using foreign military personnel to stay in power. Bolton further warned external actors _ those outside the Western Hemisphere _ against deploying military assets to Venezuela or anywhere else in the hemisphere. He says the U.S. will view such actions as "provocative" and a "direct threat to international peace and security in the region." (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)
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FILE - In this Feb. 27, 2019, file photo, from left, transgender military members Navy Lt. Cmdr. Blake Dremann, Army Capt. Alivia Stehlik, Army Capt. Jennifer Peace, Army Staff Sgt. Patricia King and Navy Petty Officer Third Class Akira Wyatt, listen before the start of a House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington. The Defense Department has approved a new policy that will largely bar transgender troops and military recruits from transitioning to another sex, and require most individuals to serve in their birth gender. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta, File)
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The Highlands Current (https://highlandscurrent.org/2013/09/20/new-law-will-ban-formula-businesses-in-cold-spring/)
New Law Will Ban 'Formula Businesses' in Cold Spring
By Michael Turton, Reporter | September 20, 2013
Public Hearing set for Oct. 14
By Michael Turton
The process to ban formula businesses such as Burger King, McDonald's and other franchise operations in Cold Spring is now underway in earnest. Village trustees passed a resolution introducing the proposed local law at their Sept. 16 (Monday) meeting.
Residents will have a chance to comment on the proposed legislation at a public hearing scheduled for 7:30 p.m. on Monday, Oct. 14, at the Village Hall. Mayor Ralph Falloon and Trustees Matt Francisco and Stephanie Hawkins voted in favor of the resolution, which also designates the Village Board as lead agency for the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) review. Trustees Bruce Campbell and Charles Hustis did not attend the 45-minute meeting.
Trustees spoke briefly by phone with special counsel Warren Replansky before voting. Replansky had revised the draft resolution and reviewed the completed Part 1 of the SEQRA form required as part of the process. He assured trustees that both were in order and advised that the next step was to place the required notice of the public hearing in the PCNR. The Special Board for the Comprehensive Plan and Local Waterfront Revitalization Plan had recommended the proposed law in a report issued in February 2013.
That report identified other communities in New York state, including Rhinebeck, that have enacted similar legislation. The proposed local law draws upon language used in zoning codes adopted in some of those communities. Asked by Francisco if the Rhinebeck law had ever been challenged in court, Hawkins said that to her knowledge it had not. That law has been in place for more than two years. The report also pointed out that the Town of Philipstown prohibits "trademarked architecture" unless the applicant can show that the design is compatible with historic architecture within the town.
Asked by The Paper if the new law would apply to any retail space proposed at the Butterfield site, Falloon said that it would. Barney Molloy, Chair of the Cold Spring Planning Board, who was in the audience, agreed. The previously approved Dunkin' Donuts store planned for 33 Chestnut St., will not be affected by the new law and can proceed as planned – unless the owners fail to initiate the project within one year of it having been approved by the Planning Board.
Emergency Preparedness Continues
A meeting of the Emergency Preparedness Committee (EPC) was held after the Village Board meeting, attended by Falloon and Hawkins, along with Karn Dunn and Frank Haggerty, both of whom live in the area of lower Main Street, west of the Metro-North tracks. That area flooded during Hurricane Irene and was hit especially hard during Hurricane Sandy. The EPC is focusing its initial efforts on that section of the village. Falloon said that once an emergency plan is put in place there, it would be expanded to include the entire village.
It appears very likely that New York Alert (NYA) will be used for communicating with local residents during emergencies. The system issues warnings and emergency information via its website, cell phones, email and other technologies. The service is free and residents simply have to sign up for it, indicating from which methods they want to receive information. Village officials would issue alerts pertaining to Cold Spring. Discussion also included approaching officials at the Haldane Central School District about the possibility of using its warning system.
Local Boy Scout leader Tom Campanile discussed the potential for using area Scouts to help with emergency preparedness. Tasks such as filling sand bags, delivering surveys door-to-door and helping to man warming centers during emergencies were identified as possible roles that Scouts could play.
Discussion continued regarding the makeup of a comprehensive survey of residents, as a means to gather information needed by first responders. Information on emergency kits designed to provide residents with basic needs for up to 72 hours after an emergency is also being developed for residents. The kits are highly recommended by the American Red Cross as a basic precaution.
EPC will meet again at 7:30 p.m. on Monday, Sept. 30, at the Village Hall.
About Michael Turton
Turton, who has been a reporter for The Current since its founding in 2010, moved to Philipstown from his native Ontario in 1998. Location: Cold Spring. Languages: English. Area of expertise: Cold Spring government, features
More by Michael
3 thoughts on "New Law Will Ban 'Formula Businesses' in Cold Spring"
Barry Wells on September 24, 2013 at 12:37 pm said:
Re: "Formula Businesses." Seems by this criteria Foodtown, Drug World, Sunoco and Citgo will have to go!
Aaron Freimark on September 24, 2013 at 2:14 pm said:
All are grandfathered in.
Steve Laifer on October 11, 2013 at 3:14 pm said:
The absence of formula businesses allows the Village of Cold Spring to retain its unspoiled historic character, natural beauty and "sense of place." When you are in Cold Spring, one has the sense that they are someplace special, someplace real. Everywhere you look, natural beauty and historic details confirm this is no ordinary locale. Compare that to almost anywhere else — an array of familiar facades of fast food and chain stores that standardize, while robbing a place of its uniqueness. One feels they could be anywhere, or maybe nowhere. Formula business are a blight on America, a bland homogenized sameness that thankfully has not yet infected Cold Spring to any great degree. A new law intended to keep it that way will be considered at a public meeting on Monday, Oct. 14 at 7:30 p.m. at Village Hall. Public support is crucial to passage, so if you care about this, please show up.
Philipstown Obituaries by Staff | posted on January 15, 2022
Beacon Obituaries by Staff | posted on January 15, 2022


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County beekeeping ordinance approved last week
By | on October 22, 2015
By JOE NAIMAN
The county's tiered beekeeping ordinance was approved October 14 and will take effect November 13.
A 5-0 San Diego County Board of Supervisors vote September 16 approved the introduction and first reading of the ordinance. The second reading and adoption was scheduled for September 30, but the action included appropriations to fund management programs and appropriations not made during the annual budget approval require four votes. Supervisor Greg Cox was in San Jose on September 30 for the League of California Cities conference and Supervisor Ron Roberts was in Washington, DC, so the approval was continued until October 14. A traffic delay kept Roberts from arriving before the October 14 vote was taken, but the other four supervisors provided the necessary votes for passage of both the ordinance and the appropriations.
"I think what we have before us is a real good ordinance," said Supervisor Dianne Jacob.
"It's about time we did this," said county supervisor Bill Horn.
"The whole beekeeping industry is extremely important to us," said Supervisor Dave Roberts. "I'm very supportive of this."
The reduced setback requirements for beekeeping benefit not only hobbyists but also farmers whose crops are pollinated by bees.
"Today's proposal further supports local agriculture by allowing flexibility for hobbyists and commercial operations," said county agricultural commissioner Ha Dang.
"This is a big help to the agricultural industry," Jacob said.
"If you don't have a pollinator, which bees happen to be, you have no food," Horn said.
The inclusion of best management practices is also expected to limit Africanized honey bee presence in the county. "We want to promote and enhance the good bees," Jacob said.
"It's a big step for us," said San Diego Beekeeping Society president Mark Kukuchek, who lives in Bonita. "We're real happy about that."
The county's previous ordinance required beekeepers to maintain their hives at least 100 feet from a public access road and at least 600 feet from any dwelling which doesn't belong to the hive property owner. "Our beekeeping ordinance was very out of date," Jacob said.
The San Diego Beekeeping Society had approached Jacob with a request to relax the ordinance in order to promote the industry and preserve the county's honey bee population. In addition to allowing non-commercial beekeeping on smaller lots, a setback reduction allows produce or flower crop farmers who do not necessarily wish to engage in honey extraction or beeswax sales to have hives on their farmland and could also allow hives closer to produce and flowers on non-hive farms. In October 2013 the Board of Supervisors directed the county's Chief Administrative Officer to work with the San Diego Beekeeping Society and any other interested parties to investigate options which would protect and promote beekeeping operations throughout unincorporated San Diego County and to report back to the board within 120 days. The stakeholders included community planning groups, registered beekeepers, pest control operators, and the San Diego County Farm Bureau as well as the San Diego Beekeeping Society.
The county supervisors previously responded to regulatory relief requests from small winery owners and small equestrian operations by developing tiered ordinances, and in May 2014 the Board of Supervisors voted 5-0 to give county staff direction to focus on a tiered ordinance and to work with stakeholders. In June 2014 the county's Department of Agriculture, Weights and Measures (AWM) provided information about regulations for other jurisdictions and the county supervisors voted 5-0 to direct county staff to return to the board with multiple draft tiered ordinances within four to six months. In August 2014 AWM began a community outreach effort with presentations by county entomology experts to community planning and sponsor groups.
In October 2014 the Board of Supervisors voted 5-0 to approve a preferred tiered ordinance for the environmental review process. An environmental Mitigated Negative Declaration rather than an Environmental Impact Report was released for public review in April 2015; the supervisors' September 16 action also certified the MND and the associated mitigation monitoring and reporting program.
The new ordinance has three tiers. The first tier is intended for hobbyists and has a limit of two hives, although the practice of splitting hives prevents swarming and up to five hives will be allowed on a 30-day temporary basis. The first tier requires at least a 25-foot distance from the property line and from roadways, a 35-foot distance from any neighboring dwelling, and a 150-foot distance from sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, child day care and elder care centers, parks, playgrounds, stables, and kennels. A property of approximately 6,000 square feet could have beekeeping if property configuration allows for the distance requirements to be met.
The second tier anticipates small commercial beekeeping operations. Properties with no more than 20 hives have a required setback of 50 feet from roadways and property lines and 100 feet from neighboring dwellings. Properties with three to ten hives have a setback requirement of 150 feet from sensitive sites while the sensitive site setback for properties with 11 to 20 hives is 300 feet. A suitable property configuration would allow for parcels as small as one acre to host such operations.
If a first-tier or second-tier apiary is in a residential area and within 300 feet of a neighboring dwelling, a six foot vertical flyover barrier is required.
The third tier accommodates large commercial beekeeping operations and does not limit the number of hives. The minimum setback from a roadway is 50 feet, and while there is no minimum distance from a property line a neighboring dwelling must be at least 350 feet away and the minimum setback from sensitive sites is 400 feet.
Residents or site workers with a documented allergy to bee stings may request that their property be designated as a sensitive site, and the distance requirements may be waived if the hive borders open space or if the neighbors provide written permission for hives to be closer than the minimum distances.
"There's that delicate balance between safety and enhancing an industry," Jacob said.
The number of colonies and the location of each apiary must be registered with AWM on an annual basis; there is no fee for the registration. The annual registration process includes the completion and submission of a best management practices checklist, and the beekeeper will be required to implement those best management practices. Each colony shall be inspected at least once a month by the beekeeper to determine the potential presence of objectional honey bee behavior or apiary pests. AWM inspectors may enter the property, although if advance notice will not interfere with the purpose of the inspection the beekeeper will have that prior notification. The bee housing structure must have movable frames so that the inspector can have full access to the inner bee living quarters.
Registration of a hive does not involve additional requirements for the owner but gives the beekeeper access to pesticide and quarantine notices along with bee health and other outreach information, and registration also provides verification for insurance purposes in the event of hive loss.
The ordinance also includes water supply, fire break, and fire suppression equipment requirements while regulating bee smokers and transportation of bee colonies.
"Part of this program is educational," Jacob said.
AWM will report back to the Board of Supervisors in early 2018 to provide an update on the implementation of the program. That timeframe will allow AWM to collect data on the implementation for the first two years of the program and determine if any adjustments are needed.
"These proposed regulations are well debated and a thought out compromise," Kukuchek said. "The new ordinance is an important step to ensuring the honey bee survival and future in San Diego County."
The $195,000 one-time costs to implement the program cover software development, outreach and education, equipment, and general services. An estimated $150,000 annual cost will allow for staffing to implement and sustain the program. The supervisors' October 14 actions included appropriating $300,000 from the 2014- 15 general fund balance for program costs while adding one staff year to AWM and appropriating an additional $45,000 for staff time to coordinate leasing activities of suitable county properties to beekeepers while directing the director of the county's Department of General Services to negotiate leases with commercial beekeepers interested in using county land for hives.
"Adequate funding is critical," said Escondido resident Carol Rea.
"There will be a public outreach as well," said San Diego Beekeeping Society treasurer and Bonita resident Daryl Hern. "We are working to keep the domesticated bees healthy."
The county supervisors opted against a fee to recover program costs. "I think it's a minuscule amount of money to pay for healthy bees," Horn said.
County entomologist Tracy Ellis noted that the outreach program could begin prior to the effective date of the new ordinance.
"We're real excited about starting the outreach and education," Dang said.


-I use a 15deg Marmot Helium. I figure I can wear the parka or puffer too. Or, should I get a 0 deg bag.
I will be taking the 6 day Rainier course via AAI, however, will rent gear. My gear will be used mainly for our 'lessor' mtns and not really tech stuff.
Yeah, I'm looking on expanding to snow camping next year too.
Started with buying a good pair of snow shoes in a sale a couple weeks ago. Just in time for spring.
I'm actually been okay with various layers during below freezing day hikes (rain pants, fleece pants, hiking pants, long underwear for the bottom and rain jacket, down jacket, various layers of thermal shirts, long t-shirt, t-shirts), but not 100% sure if I need some heavier winter gear for overnight hikes.
I was looking at some sleeping bag liners that add insulation to my 32 degree sleeping bag, hoping to not have to buy an entirely new one. That with layers should keep me warm enough. I hope.
Not sure I've seen any mention of different tents be needed for snow camping, so I'll be looking for some suggestions in the thread as well.
Tent - I prefer a bombproof tent. I have two for winter, both the same design. Mountain Hardwear EV3 and EV2, which in my book are a 2 and a 1 person tent you can live in. Easy to set up with the poles outside. Great ventilation, and once pitched there's no flapping even in a 50mph wind. Whitney tested, both of them. Overkill during nice nights, fantastic to have when the wind wants to sweep you off the mountain.
Boots for me depend on the distance to be covered. Short and steep, I like my Dynafit Mountain TLT5 touring boots, which are super light for a ski boot, walk as good as a classic plastic mountaineering boot, and take crampons like a champ. Plus, you can step in your ski and move at speed. I don't know if I'd like them with snow shoes. I never figured out what boots work well with snow shoes, except maybe those northern trapper type insulated arctic boots, which in turn are useless when you need to put on crampons. For mixed rock and snow travel in the Sierra, I have a pair of La Sportiva boots, yellow with insulation layer and stiff soles compared to my red summer GTX Evos, forgot the name. Work ok if you slop enough waterproofing on the leather, but for longer trips, I'd need to get something more water resistant. The type of boot that works in that category and stays dry is rather expensive - $500 and up, and so far I haven't really seen the need for it, as on longer winter trips I would be on ski that require the touring boots.
Insulation layers - more layers are good, but you want one that's warmer than the typical 5 ounce fill insulation layer,and hooded if possible. Below that there is only one thing for me - merino base layers and a heavier merino sweater.
Pants - I have some Mammut technical softshell pants (current version of it is called "Base Jump Touring Pants"), zipper vents on the legs, stretchy Schoeller fabric, built-in gaiters, etc - love it. Used it for everything from skiing to winter bicycle commuting. Get too warm in the Sierra sun, just open the zippers. Not totally waterproof when you sit on wet snow on the ski lift all day, but for normal backcountry travel where you can sit on a pad, I'd take it any day. Any similar piece of gear will work.
For really cold deep winter trips, I'd consider my hardshell pants (I have some Arcteryx and with Patagonia Nanopuff pants underneath, but that's more for the Wisconsin -20F snowshoe trips, not for the Sierra.
Gloves - you need good gloves when it gets cold. I have about 5 different sets I use for skiing and other winter activities. The warmest are some slightly larger than needed Mountain Hardwear touring gloves. Extra liner gloves from Burton make them super toasty. When it gets even colder, pop open a set of chemical hand warmer packs and stuff them in.
I feel a little stupid. It never dawned on me SKIs! I'll need to look in to Ski's. I'll be honest I just assumed Snow Shoes. Will I need both?
As far as a pack, I have s few now. My fair weather is a GG Blaze and a Osprey Exos 48. I have an ARc Bora 80 and a Gregory Baltoro 70- but, these are heavy. I'm leaning towards packs half the weight. CCW Chaos, or Cilo. Ideas?
I like the way you stated the tent being a Safe Haven, not so true in fair weather. You made up my mind on that, 0 deg bag it is. Rab or WM? Also, I'm leaning towards a xtherm. I currently use a REI Flash.
I really appreciate your responces.
I have both, snow shoes and two types of touring ski. Depends on where and how far you want to travel in the backcountry. Terrain can be steep and not very much fun for skiing if you aren't a hotshot expert with a heavy pack on your back, e.g. Mountaineer's route up to Whitney.
I could ski segments of the Mountaineer's Route, but for me it isn't really worth bringing the ski gear to that place. I used snow shoes one year (big winter, tons of snow down to the lower parking lots, and approach plus up then North Fork was made a lot easier with snow shoes compared to postholing on foot. Ski may work in some places, but for much of that ascent we just walked on boots and higher up with crampons. Late in the day heading down things got real soft, which is when snow shoes help, but I still poked through the surface at times.
The main trail - again, on and off not really a place to ski unless there's a ton of snow.
Anywhere else, deep into the Sierra, long pass approaches and slow descents and ski are the way to go. Especially ski you don't have to constantly convert with skins (e.g. Voile touring ski with partial fish scale bases), which may not be fast and fun when you head up there for the skiing itself, but they work great to cover ground.
I have a Marmot 0 degree bag, I think, but have also used a Mountain Hardwear Wraith -20F bag. Now that one was far too warm even at 12,800 feet in a 50mph windstorm wearing nothing but base layers in the bag. It was bulky and difficult to pack, so I got the Marmot which was fine the next time I went up in slightly better conditions.
Packs - I use big packs and in winter they are barely large enough. My Gregory Whitney 95 is fine, but when the trip is longer, I may use the Gregory Denali 105 liter pack. My entire gear philosophy is "it cannot fail" which more or less rules out anything lightweight when it comes to critical items like boots or pack.
Winter packs need to be able to haul heavy loads in winter and you need to be able to fit much more stuff, foot, fuel, etc. I couldn't bring a 70 liter in summer, so your mileage may vary. I carry tons of photo gear and these winter tents, down filled sleeping pads, insulated layers of clothing, larger snow melt pots, etc.
If you have a 70 liter pack just try to pack a 4 season tent and a winter bag into it. You may be just about full at that point. strap a snow shovel, crampons and ice axe to it, a stove, fuel, food, a few layers of clothing, and you get the picture.
Winter trips are really best done in a group, not just from a safety point of view, but very much for gear sharing, as the gear is heavy. A shared 8 pound tent is always better than carrying a 5.5 pound tent by yourself.
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Pups recover with water fitness
Kellie Geist
Water fitness has gone to the dogs – literally.
Hot Diggity Dog canine water fitness, owned and operated by Northern Kentucky University alumna Shauna Grainger, not only provides a place for dogs to recover from surgeries and strains, but it's also a place to take a few wet steps toward a healthier life.
Grainger opened shop in November, 2007 after taking her boxer, Arthur, to hydrotherapy sessions in Dayton, Ohio every week.
"Arthur was diagnosed with hip dysplasia and Dayton was the closest place with a hydrotherapy center," she said. In 2007, the Greater Cincinnati Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Services center in Wilder, Ky. expanded their location, making it possible to house a hydrotherapy center.
"While Arthur was going through therapy, my interest in it just grew and grew," Grainger said. "My vet co-owned the center and he recommended that there be a hydrotherapy center included."
Grainger graduated from NKU in 2002 with a bachelor's degree in biological sciences.
"I worked in pharmaceutical sales after I graduated because I thought it would be rewarding to educate people on life-saving prescriptions," she said. "In the end, I just felt like a waitress who just had to listen to how the lunch I brought was cold."
After she decided to forward the Hot Diggity Dog project, Grainger went back to the same center in Dayton for her training because there are no particular training facilities or requirements for canine hydrotherapists.
"I wish I could say that I have some fancy letters behind my name," Grainger said. "But right now there just isn't a program available."
Since its opening, Hot Diggity Dog, the only canine hydrotherapy center in the tri-state, has grown exponentially.
"A lot of people will laugh at the idea, but it's serious rehabilitation for dogs who need it," Grainger said.
During the sessions, the dogs exercise on a water treadmill because water provides more resistance than air. This resistance makes it so the dog gets three times the benefits for however long he walks. So if a dog walks for one minute on the water treadmill, he is getting the workout equal to three minutes on a regular treadmill.
Using the water treadmill also helps increase muscle mass, cardiovascular fitness and endurance as well as increase joint range-of-motion. The warm water used in hydrotherapy is also relaxing and can help increase circulation and the promotion of healing, according to Grainger.
During the sessions, she encourages owners to bring treats and be encouraging.
"Never pity your dog when he's on the treadmill. Don't say 'oh, poor boy' or anything. You have to be all positive encouragement," Grainger said. She talks directly to the dogs and makes sure they know what's expected of them.
"I always talk to the animals and tell them I know it can be scary, but it can be fun, too," she said. "It's just like talking to a child, they know what you're saying and what they need to do."
A single appointment costs $45 but, because therapy requires a series of sessions, most people buy packages or 5 sessions for $210 or 10 sessions for $400.
"People go the gym to stay healthy. Why should it be any different for your dog?" Grainger said. "If you can afford it, there is no dog that wouldn't benefit from canine hydrotherapy."


text:
Intermediate-plus
Titanic by Tim Vicary
Books To Learn English
In April 1912 a new British ship set sail for the first time. Her name was Titanic. She was big, fast and beautiful. The naval architects were very proud. They said the Titanic was the safest ship in the world. She was unsinkable. The passengers felt happy. Some of them enjoyed the luxury of the Titanic, others hoped to get to America and start a new life there. But their excitement was not to last long. Just in several days the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank to the bottom of the ocean. The tragedy took over 1,500 lives. People still wonder how this could happen to seemingly the safest ship in the world. This book is an attempt to give a detailed description of the disaster. It introduces us to the real passengers and crew members of the Titanic telling their stories and allowing us to go through the terror of that historic night.
It was 1 September 1985. Under a ship in the North Atlantic, a camera moved through the dark water. Slowly, the camera went down – 1,000 metres, 2,000 metres, 3,000 metres under the sea. On the ship, some sailors waited and watched. Nobody spoke. Then, suddenly, they saw something.
'There it is!'
'Where?'
'There – look, I can see it!'
'Yes, you're right! It's the Titanic!'
With the camera, the sailors could see a ship 3,810 metres under the water. It was a very big, old ship, and it was in two halves. They could see the front half of the ship with their camera, but the back half of the ship was 800 metres away.
The sailors were all very happy. They took lots of photographs. The next year they came back with more cameras. The cameras went down under the sea and looked at the ship more carefully. They went all round the ship, and took hundreds of photos. Some of the cameras went into the ship too, through the windows. Later there was a film about the ship. People all over the world watched the film, and saw the photographs in newspapers.
But who built the Titanic? What happened to it? Why did it break in two halves, and sink to the bottom of the sea? And what about the people on this ship? What were they like, and what happened to them?
This is the story of the Titanic…
Books To Learn English , Elementary
Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras by Mark Twain
The Other Man by Jan Carew
The Five Orange Pips by Conan Doyle
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