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Testing the tax competition theory: How elastic are national tax bases in western Europe?
117 References
Riedl, Aleksandra
Rocha-Akis, Silvia
Aleksandra Riedl
Silvia Rocha-Akis
In this paper, we test one of the fundamental assumptions in the tax competition literature, namely, that a country's taxable income depends on the tax policies pursued in the domestic and in neighbouring countries. Based on a panel of annual data of 14 western European countries spanning the period 1982 to 2004, we show that the common trend in falling corporate income tax (CIT) rates can in part be explained by the existence of fiscal externalities in the form of international resource flows. Our results confirm the presumption put forward in recent empirical tax reaction function studies, that interdependent tax setting behaviour is evidence of tax competition. However, taxable corporate income is shown to react inelastically to domestic and to foreign tax rates. Thus, the observed rise in CIT revenues in Europe between 1982 and 2004 cannot be explained by the trend in falling CIT rates. Moreover, we find that large countries' tax bases are more responsive to neighbouring countries' tax policies, which is in contrast to the classic asymmetric tax competition literature. (author's abstract)
Riedl, Aleksandra & Rocha-Akis, Silvia, 2007. "Testing the tax competition theory: How elastic are national tax bases in western Europe?," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 112, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Handle: RePEc:wiw:wus005:860
File URL: https://epub.wu.ac.at/860/
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Aleksandra Riedl & Silvia Rocha-Akis, 2007. "Testing the tax competition theory: How elastic are national tax bases in western Europe?," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp112, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
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Craig Brett & Joris Pinkse, 2000. "The determinants of municipal tax rates in British Columbia," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 33(3), pages 695-714, August.
Gerhard Munduch & Alexander Pfister & Leopold Sögner & Alfred Stiassny, 2002. "Estimating Marginal Costs for the Austrian Railway System," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp078, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Dieter Gstach, 1998. "Small Sample Performance of Two Approaches to Technical Efficiency Estimation with Multiple Outputs," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp058, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Federico Revelli, 2005. "On Spatial Public Finance Empirics," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 12(4), pages 475-492, August.
Wilson, John D., 1986. "A theory of interregional tax competition," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 296-315, May.
Eckhard Hein & Engelbert Stockhammer, 2007. "A Post-Keynesian macroeconomic policy mix as an alternative to the New Consensus approach," IMK Working Paper 10-2007, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
Munduch, Gerhard & Pfister, Alexander & Sögner, Leopold & Stiassny, Alfred, 2002. "Estimating marginal costs for the Austrian railway system," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 78, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Thomas Grandner, 1996. "Is Wage-Leadership an Instrument to Coordinate Union's Wage-Policy? The Case of Imperfect Product Markets," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp042, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Gstach, Dieter & Somers, Andrew & Warning, Susanne, 2003. "Output specific efficiencies. The case of UK private secondary schools," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 84, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Harald Katzmair, 1999. "Der Modellbegriff in den Sozialwissenschaften. Zum Programm einer kritischen Soziologik," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp064, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Rachel Griffith & Alexander Klemm, 2004. "What has been the tax competition experience of the past 20 years?," IFS Working Papers W04/05, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Unger, Brigitte & Klatzer, Elisabeth, 1992. "Will Internationalization Lead to a Convergence of National Economic Policies?," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 12, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Grandner, Thomas, 2007. "Product differentiation in a linear city and wage bargaining," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 109, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Craig Brett & Christina Tardif, 2008. "The Grants are Falling! The Grants are Falling! How Municipal Governments Changed Taxes in Response to Provincial Support in New Brunswick, 19832003," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 34(4), pages 441-456, December.
Kapoor, Mudit & Kelejian, Harry H. & Prucha, Ingmar R., 2007. "Panel data models with spatially correlated error components," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 97-130, September.
Pichler, Eva & Walther, Herbert, 1992. "The Economics of the Sabbath," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 11, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Hines, James R. Jr., 1999. "Lessons from Behavioral Responses to International Taxation," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 52(n. 2), pages 305-22, June.
Thomas Grandner, 1997. "Territoriale Evolution von Kooperation in einem Gefangenendilemma," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp045, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Hansjoerg Klausinger, 1997. "Die Alternativen zur Deflationspolitik Brünings im Lichte zeitgenössischer Kritik," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp049, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Katzmair, Harald, 1999. "Der Modellbegriff in den Sozialwissenschaften. Zum Programm einer kritischen Sozio-Logik," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 64, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Scharmer, Felicitas, 1993. "The Validity Issue in Applied General Equilibrium Tax Models," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 19, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Dwenger, Nadja & Steiner, Viktor, 2012. "Profit Taxation and the Elasticity of the Corporate Income Tax Base: Evidence From German Corporate Tax Return Data," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 65(1), pages 118-150, March.
Dwenger, Nadja & Steiner, Viktor, 2008. "Effective profit taxation and the elasticity of the corporate income tax base: Evidence from German corporate tax return data," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 57, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
Nadja Dwenger & Viktor Steiner, 2008. "Effective Profit Taxation and the Elasticity of the Corporate Income Tax Base: Evidence from German Corporate Tax Return Data," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 829, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
Killian J. McCarthy & Frederik van Doorn & Brigitte Unger, 2011. "Tax Competition and the Harmonisation of Corporate Tax Rates in Europe," Chapters, in: Miroslav N. Jovanović (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Integration, Volume II, chapter 20, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Miroslav N. Jovanović (ed.), 2011. "International Handbook on the Economics of Integration, Volume II," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14136.
Hansjörg Blöchliger & José Maria Pinero Campos, 2011. "Tax Competition Between Sub-Central Governments," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 872, OECD Publishing.
Hansjörg Blöchliger & José Maria Pinero Campos, 2011. "Tax Competition Between Sub-Central Governments," OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism 13, OECD Publishing.
Markus Leibrecht & Claudia Hochgatterer, 2012. "Tax Competition As A Cause Of Falling Corporate Income Tax Rates: A Survey Of Empirical Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 616-648, September.
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, 2009. "Causes, Consequences, and Cures of Myopic Loss Aversion - An Experimental Investigation," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(537), pages 900-916, April.
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, 2009. "Causes, Consequences, and Cures of Myopic Loss Aversion – An Experimental Investigation," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(537), pages 900-916, April.
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, "undated". "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation," Working Papers 2008-01, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck.
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, 2008. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation," Jena Economic Research Papers 2008-004, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
Fellner, Gerlinde & Sutter, Matthias, 2008. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - an experimental investigation," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 116, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, 2005. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation," Papers on Strategic Interaction 2005-15, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group.
Fellner, Gerlinde & Sutter, Matthias, 2005. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 171, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
Fellner, Gerlinde & Sutter, Matthias, 2005. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion: An experimental investigation," Bonn Econ Discussion Papers 16/2005, University of Bonn, Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE).
Gerlinde Fellner & Matthias Sutter, 2008. "Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp116, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Paul Ramskogler, 2009. "Post-Keynesian economics How to move forward," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 6(2), pages 227-246.
Stockhammer, Engelbert & Ramskogler, Paul, 2008. "Post Keynesian economics - how to move forward," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 124, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Paul Ramskogler, 2008. "Post Keynesian economics - how to move forward," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp124, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Paul Ramskogler, 2008. "Uncertainty and Exploitation in History," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(1), pages 175-194, March.
Stockhammer, Engelbert & Ramskogler, Paul, 2007. "Uncertainty and exploitation in history," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 104, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Paul Ramskogler, 2007. "Uncertainty and exploitation in history," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp104, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Theresa Grafeneder-Weissteiner & Klaus Prettner, 2009. "Agglomeration and population ageing in a two region model of exogenous growth," VID Working Papers 0901, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
Grafeneder-Weissteiner, Theresa & Prettner, Klaus, 2009. "Agglomeration and population aging in a two region model of exogenous growth," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 125, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Theresa Grafeneder-Weissteiner & Klaus Prettner, 2009. "Agglomeration and population aging in a two region model of exogenous growth," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp125, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Annemarie Steidl & Engelbert Stockhammer, 2007. "Coming and leaving. Internal mobility in late Imperial Austria," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp107, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Steidl, Annemarie & Stockhammer, Engelbert, 2007. "Coming and leaving. Internal mobility in late Imperial Austria," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 107, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Hagemann, Harald, 2010. "L. Albert Hahn's Economic Theory of Bank Credit," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 134, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Harald Hagemann, 2010. "L. Albert Hahn's economic theory of bank credit," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp134, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Lucas Grafl, 2010. "Financial Uncertainty and Business Investment," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 551-568.
Engelbert Stockhammer & Lucas Grafl, 2008. "Financial uncertainty and business investment," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp123, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Stockhammer, Engelbert & Grafl, Lucas, 2008. "Financial uncertainty and business investment," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 123, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Smet, Koen, 2007. "Stuck in the middle? The structure of trade between South Africa and its major trading partners," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 115, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Eckhard Hein, 2010. "Shareholder Value Orientation, Distribution And Growth—Short‐ And Medium‐Run Effects In A Kaleckian Model," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 302-332, May.
Hein, Eckhard, 2008. "Shareholder value orientation, distribution and growth - short- and medium-run effects in a Kaleckian model," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 120, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Eckhard Hein, 2008. "Shareholder value orientation, distribution and growth – short- and medium-run effects in a Kaleckian model," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp120, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Figerl, Jürgen & Grandner, Thomas, 2008. "Job quality and wages in duopsony," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 121, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Theresa Grafeneder-Weissteiner & Klaus Prettner, 2010. "Agglomeration processes in ageing societies," VID Working Papers 1005, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
Grafeneder-Weissteiner, Theresa & Prettner, Klaus, 2010. "Agglomeration processes in aging societies," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 131, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Theresa Grafeneder-Weissteiner & Klaus Prettner, 2010. "Agglomeration processes in aging societies," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp131, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Grafeneder-Weissteiner, Theresa, 2010. "Demographic change, growth and agglomeration," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 132, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Harald Badinger & Ingrid Kubin, 2007. "Vom kurzfristigen zum mittelfristigen Gleichgewicht in einer offenen Volkswirtschaft unter fixen und flexiblen Wechselkursen," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp101, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Badinger, Harald & Kubin, Ingrid, 2007. "Vom kurzfristigen zum mittelfristigen Gleichgewicht in einer offenen Volkswirtschaft unter fixen und flexiblen Wechselkursen," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 101, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Silvia Rocha-Akis, 2006. "Labour tax policies and strategic offshoring under unionised oligopoly," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp099, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Rocha-Akis, Silvia, 2006. "Labour tax policies and strategic offshoring under unionised oligopoly," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 99, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Theresa Grafeneder-Weissteiner, 2010. "Demographic change, growth and agglomeration," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp132, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Paul Ramskogler, 2007. "Uncertainty, market power and credit rationing," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp105, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Ramskogler, Paul, 2007. "Uncertainty, market power and credit rationing," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 105, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
Martin Currie & Ingrid Kubin, 2005. "Fixed Price Dynamics versus Flexible Price Dynamics," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp089, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
Currie, Martin & Kubin, Ingrid, 2005. "Fixed price dynamics versus flexible price dynamics," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 89, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
tax competition; corporate income tax base elasticity; asymmetric countries; instrumental variables; spatial econometrics; EU;
H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
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FROM its tumultuous beginning, the story of digital music has been that of consumers wanting to listen to songs when, where and how they choose, and the recording industry desperately seeking to retain its control over content.
Music industry executives have fought this trend all along the way, and don't think that just because there's now a healthy, legitimate market for digital music that the industry is happy with it. Just last week, Universal Music Group Chief Executive Doug Morris declared that MP3 players "are just repositories for stolen music" and that makers of the devices "all know it."
Morris' pugnacious comments came with the release of Microsoft's new digital music player, Zune. However, you can be sure he wasn't talking about that device, because Microsoft has agreed to pay Universal a percentage of the sales of both the player and songs sold through the online Zune Marketplace.
And that captures the problem with the Zune. It's an MP3 player with potentially innovative features that are crippled because Microsoft has bent over backward to please music industry hard-liners.
The Zune could have been something great, but instead it's little more than a decent player with a clever marketing ploy attached.
Like Apple's market-dominant iPod, the Zune is tied to an online music store accessed through the same software used to manage music files on the device. You can put digital files you already own onto the Zune — such as songs you've ripped from CDs — but copy-protected files you may have acquired through other music services won't work on it. There's only one way to buy songs and have them directly dispatched to the player, and that's through the Zune Marketplace.
Like Apple's iPod, the Zune uses a hard drive to store music, and will play videos and display photos on its full-color screen. The Zune comes in three colors — white, black and milk-chocolate brown — and is slightly larger, thicker and heavier than the iPod. The material on the case is rubberized, which makes it pleasant to hold. A translucent coating gives its surface the appearance of depth.
The top two-thirds of the Zune's front is taken up by a 3-inch screen; the bottom holds a large, round button, with two smaller buttons on either side. The big button is actually a five-way switch — up, down, left, right and center clicks — but everyone I've handed the Zune to tries to roll their finger around its edges, just as with the iPod's familiar scroll wheel. Old habits die hard.
I like the Zune's onboard software, which owes a lot to the Windows Media Center interface. It's simple, easy to navigate and fairly intuitive, with only six items showing at the top level — music, videos, pictures, radio, community and settings. You can customize the Zune's background screen with your own pictures, similar to the way you can change the background image on the Windows desktop.
The Zune's PC-based song-management program, though, leaves a lot to be desired. Rather than developing a plug-in for Windows Media Player, Microsoft has created a completely new program. And it's quite buggy. For example, both Jim Thompson, who shares blogging duties with me in TechBlog, and I had problems getting files to synchronize if they were pulled from other computers on our home networks.
As with the iPod, the Zune shows album art along with songs and albums, and its song-management software seems to be better at finding art than iTunes. However, the display of that album art is poor. In some cases, it's hard to tell what you're looking at.
That's not true of video, which looks much better than on the iPod. That's largely thanks to the Zune's bigger screen, and a neat trick — when you begin watching a video, the screen's orientation flips from portrait to landscape, giving you a widescreen effect.
Audio quality is also very good, and I found the built-in equalizer to be more effective than that on the iPod. For example, the "rock" setting seems to have more muscle on Zune.
Still, these features are found on other MP3 players. What makes the Zune different is its ability to use WiFi to share music and photos with other Zune users.
Unfortunately, that's about all you can do with the Zune's much-vaunted wireless feature. You can't use it to download music via the Internet, nor can you connect to your home network. It will, however, stream music to Microsoft's Xbox 360 game console.
And if you think the music-sharing feature would redeem the Zune's Wi-Fi, you'll be sorely disappointed. Once you get past the hey-this-is-cool aspect, its utility is quickly diminished.
If there's another Zune within 30 feet with its wireless feature turned on, you'll find it listed under the community menu item. You'll even see what song or radio station the user is hearing. You can send a song to any Zune that's accepting them, but the recipient can only listen to the song for three times or within three days, whichever comes first. Afterward, all that remains of the file is a link to the Zune Marketplace, where you're given the opportunity to buy it.
Obviously, this is to prevent the unauthorized sharing of files. But there's a huge flaw in Microsoft's implementation in that all shared music files get this treatment — not just copyrighted ones. Even songs you've recorded and want to share freely with others get the three-days/three-plays treatment.
Sorry, Microsoft, but that's just flat-out stupid. In order to please the music industry, ostensibly so labels would agree to sell their music through the Zune Marketplace, Microsoft has taken an exciting idea and effectively neutered it. The way it should work: All files sold via the Zune Marketplace get the limit, but any files in the industry-standard MP3 format should be tradable. That's user-friendly, and it doesn't start from the presumption that Microsoft's customers are pirates.
As it is, the Zune isn't about users turning each other on to music they like. Instead, it's about users doing the music industry's marketing on its behalf.
More: Read Jim Thompson's companion review in TechBlog, and Dwight Silverman's list of things Microsoft needs to fix in the Zune.


If you or your partner care for a child from a past relationship, you need to apply for child support. You need to do this if you get FTB Part A.
We call this the Maintenance Action Test. You can meet it by applying for a child support assessment. The easiest way to apply is online. We use an income test to work out how much FTB Part A you'll get.
If you don't apply for child support you may only get the base rate of FTB part A.
In some circumstances we may grant you an exemption from the Maintenance Action Test.
Find out more about child support and your Family Tax Benefit Part A.
Find out more about applying for an assessment.


President of India Pranab Mukherjee paid offical visit to Jordan from 10-12 October 2015. It was the first visit of President of India to Jordan in the last 65 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited Jordan in 1988. From the Jordanian side, King Abdullah and Queen Rania visited India in 2006. The visit of President Mukherjee to Jordan underscores the desire of the two countries to strengthen their bilateral relations.
During the visit, the President met the King Abdullah and had extensive discussions on entire gamut of bilateral relations, regional and international issues of mutual concern. President also visited the University of Jordan and delivered a public speech there. He also graced a function organised by Indian Ambassador in Amman for Indian community and Friends of India.
The President also had a meeting with the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Jordan called on the Hon'ble President. In the presence of the President of India, a following agreements were signed during the visit.
Agreement on the conscious of the existing friendly relations, desirous of establishing effective co-operation on the basis of shared commitment, and convinced on strengthening and development of relations in merchant shipping and maritime transport .
MOU between the Foreign Service Institute, India and & the Jordan Institute of Diplomacy, Jordan on exchange of information on structure and content of training programmes for diplomats, Identification of experts in mutually agreed areas, Promotion of contacts and exchange of trainees, students, faculty members and experts.
MOU on Cooperation in the field of IT & Electronics on examining ways and means to promote and strengthen bilateral cooperation; Considering the developmental partnership established; Recognising the mutual benefits, potential and the need to leverage capabilities; Implementing Institutional and Capacity Building cooperation programme.
Cultural Exchange Programme for 2015-17 for further development and promotion of cultural, scientific and technical relations; Recalling the Cultural Agreement signed on 15 February 1976; Agreement on the Executive Programme in the fields of Art & culture, Mass media etc.
MOU between the Bureau of Indian Standards and the Jordan Standards and Metrology Organization for Cooperation in the fields of Standardization and Conformity Assessment to enhance and strengthen technical co-operation in the fields of standardization, and conformity assessment with the aim of exchanging necessary information and expertise between the Parties.
Cooperation Agreement between Jordan News Agency and Press Trust of India on establishing regular exchange of content on the developments; Promoting mutual cooperation and professional interaction, Agreement on exchange of news through the Internet; Accepting the right to use the said news for distribution to their subscribers.
India and the Kingdom of Jordan signed their first bilateral agreement for cooperation and friendly relations in 1947, which was formalised in 1950 when India became a sovereign democratic republic. Apart from this, military, cultural and economic exchanges between the two nations is widespread. Jordan is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and has thus forged close relations with India.
India-Jordan trade is governed by an agreement signed in 1976. A Trade and Economic Joint Committee constituted under the Agreement promotes and monitors the progress. Over the years, bilateral trade has grown rapidly despite global economic downturn. Balance of trade has been in favour of Jordan during the last few years for reasons of massive imports of phosphate and potash by India. There exists a successful cooperation in fertilizer sector between the two countries. In October 2009, foundation stone for an India-Jordan project for manufacturing phosphoric acid in Eshidiya (about 330 Kms south of Amman) was laid by His Majesty the King Abdullah II.
Notable, in 2008, India was Jordan's largest export partner and ninth largest import partner. Subsequently, in 2009, there was slight decline in trade turnover between the two countries registering the volume of trade at a value of US£983 million. Various important factors like global economic slowdown, decline in the international price of phosphates and also on huge trade growth in the previous year could attribute for the decline. Trade volume once again picked up in subsequent years i.e. 2010 and 2011 respectively.


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Electronic Proving Ground
Electronic Proving Ground (EPG) is the Army's Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber and Intelligence (C5I) Developmental Tester.
Electronic Proving Ground is headquartered on Fort Huachuca, in Southeastern Arizona. They have field offices on Fort Hood, TX and Fort Lewis, WA. EPG is unique within the DOD because of its naturally quiet electromagnetic environment, its unique specialized facilities, its close relationship with the Army training community, and its ability to use the expansive real-estate of southern Arizona. Operations are routinely possible on 70,000 acres at Ft. Huachuca, 23,000 acres on Wilcox Dry Lake, more than 100,000 acres at Gila Bend, and with prior coordination, on approximately 62 million acres of federal and state owned land.
The Electronic Proving Ground reopened Fort Huachuca doors on 1 February 1954 when the Chief Signal Officer decided that the area and climate were ideal for testing electronic and communications equipment. The name was derived from the mission – to test, prove, explore, and evaluate systems and devices utilizing the electron – a simple descriptive name embracing its primary function as the Army's proving ground for testing and evaluating communications-electronics equipment and systems.
The small group of military and civilian pioneers found a very sparse population, austere facilities, and abundant wildlife, including buffalo grazing on the gunnery range. The mission grew and EPG remained the host activity until 1967 when the U.S. Army Strategic Communications Command, relocated its headquarters to Fort Huachuca.
"Plan, conduct, analyze, evaluate and report the results of developmental tests, operational tests, and evaluations in support of our Network, Electronic Warfare and C5ISR customers."
Fort Huachuca Billeting (520) 533-2222 OR DSN 821-2222
U.S. Army Electronic Proving Ground
ATTN: TEDT-EP-CO
2000 Arizona Street Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-7063
URL:http://www.epg.army.mil/
EPG Instrumentation Help Desk
Comm: (520) 538-5602 (DSN 879)
Email: usarmy.huachuca.atec.list.epg-instrumentation-help-desk@mail.mil
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Biofertilizers are defined as preparations containing living cells or on the cultivation of Azolla through this project. production units in Tamil Nadu .
Guidelines for Prospective Entrepreneur. What is a project report? Select the right market/consumers identified at the time of planning the unit.
Tamilnadu, India. Paper Cup Project Report. (Electricity Consumption 3 Unit Per Hour, So 3*20*26= 1560*3Rs/Unit) 4,680. Building Rent. 3,000.
Stone Crusher Final Report Sep2011 Tamil Nadu Granite Quarry Owners List of the units near by Area. 3.8.2.
Goat farm project report 50,100 goats in Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi ,Malayalam ,Punjabi ,Tamil ,Telugu, Urdu and many international languages.


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USL power ratings: Oct. 14, 2019
Welcome to the USL power ratings! Don't forget to follow the site on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook for all the content on USL, US Soccer, and Nashville SC.
Table Power
This rating method combines points per game with the quality of opposition played (also measured in points per game). It's blind to home/away splits as well as scoring margin. The goal is to project a final table based on the games already played.
USL East power ratings:
Pittsburgh Riverhounds – 66.29 projected points
Nashville SC – 65.42 points
Indy Eleven – 61.85 points
New York Red Bulls II – 60.42 points
Tampa Bay Rowdies – 60.04 points
Louisville City – 58.62 points
North Carolina FC – 54.37 points
Ottawa Fury – 57.71 points
Charleston Battery – 44.10 points
Saint Louis FC – 43.11 points
Birmingham Legion – 41.55 points
Loudoun United (+4) – 36.89 points
Charlotte Independence – 36.18 points
Memphis 901 (-2) – 36.12 points
Atlanta United 2 (-1) – 35.80 points
Bethlehem Steel (-1) – 32.28 points
Hartford Athletic (+1) – 26.90 points
Swope Park Rangers (-1) – 26.84 points
We've come to the point in the year where the level of specificity in the numbers (down to the hundredths place) is more academic than predicting the actual precise final point tallies, of course. We've also reached the point in the year where there's not a ton of variability: the only changes in the order of the table came from teams already eliminated from playoff contention.
So, looking ahead: the math seems to think Pittsburgh and Nashville will get the same-ish points off Birmingham and Atlanta United, respectively, next weekend, and that decides the top of the table.
Speaking of Birmingham, they're among the teams right near that playoff cutoff that have shown little interest in, you know, actually doing things to try to stay in that hunt. They remain a possibility because both Charleston and Saint Louis are similarly limping to the finish. If one of them can be more successful than the other in their respective mid-week games, that could be the decider come deadline day.
The only other positions close enough to change hands (and relevant enough that we care at all) are the 3-6 slots, which are basically capable of finishing in almost any order that doesn't include Louisville in second or Indy in sixth. North Carolina and Ottawa can also technically swap spots with each other.
Just one chart this week. Imagine, if you will, that Phoenix is waaay off the chart to the top, and Tacoma/Colorado Springs comfortably off it to the bottom.
USL West power ratings
Phoenix Rising – 75.94 projected points
Reno 1868 (+1) – 58.61 points
Fresno FC (-1) – 58.74 points
Real Monarchs (+4) – 54.16 points
Orange County (-1) – 51.93 points
El Paso Locomotive – 50.15 points
Austin Bold (-2) – 50.14 points
Sacramento Republic (-1) – 49.00 points
LA Galaxy II (+1) – 46.39 points
San Antonio FC (+1) – 45.97 points
New Mexico United (-2) – 45.49 points
Las Vegas Lights – 42.41 points
Portland Timbers 2 – 40.67 points
Rio Grande Valley (+1) – 39.50 points
OKC Energy (-1) – 38.61 points
Tulsa Roughnecks – 35.06 points
Tacoma Defiance (+1) – 28.97 points
Colorado Springs Switchbacks (-1) – 27.11 points
For the past several weeks, I've had to periodically remind that huge swings in those 4-12 positions (or so) in terms of ranking aren't necessarily meaningful… but I'd say Real Monarchs' climb this week is: wins over Orange County and Phoenix Rising saw them gain nearly five projected points, and with two games remaining (and Reno and Fresno both in weaker form of late) there's a chance they sneak up a spot or two.
The 6/7 line is obviously an important one, and El Paso and Austin are separated by a hundredth of a projected point for that final first-round bye. From a practical standpoint, Austin is actually in better position (they hold the wins tiebreaker over El Paso), and given that they play Tacoma, they can hope to at least match El Paso's result and get the nod.
The other intrigue is for that final playoff position, where there's a seriously contentious battle. LA Galaxy II and San Antonio both managed to pass New Mexico for the final two playoff positions thanks to United's loss to Tulsa(!), and while New Mexico still controls its playoff destiny with a game in hand over both teams and a GD tiebreaker over LA, they can't survive any misstep.
This ratings method uses scoring in each individual game (compared to the opponent's averages) to determine teams' overall quality. It's blind to result but not location or score, making it essentially the opposite metric of Table Power. Zero is average.
Nashville moves up to second overall after a week in which they beat two playoff teams in the course of five days. The top three teams in the East remain pretty close, while there's a small gap beyond that. In the West, Reno has – like in the Table Power – comfortably passed Fresno, and even Real Monarchs are stronger over the course of the season.
Lower in the table, the most notable change comes from Birmingham Legion, which was on the cusp of a playoff berth and lost 4-0 to Hartford Athletic last week. That's, like, Lane Kiffin-leave-the-coach-on-the-tarmac type performance.
Games to watch
#BHMvNY (7:00 p.m. CDT Wednesday). This is a big game for both teams: Birmingham's quest to make the playoffs is probably in the range where the term "sneak" must always be used, whereas New York is in position to earn one of the two outstanding second-round home games with a win.
Numbers say: Birmingham Legion 0.83, New York Red Bulls II 1.32
#SLCvAUS (7:00 p.m. MDT Wednesday). The Real Monarchs are really making a push toward taking one of those top-three spots that have looked like locks for Fresno and Reno for ages now. Meanwhile, Austin is on the cusp of traveling or hosting in the first round (and they're a bad road team, so that's an important distinction for them), and a win in this one would even keep a first-round bye in range. This one was delayed from last week after the tragic death of Austin's Promise Isaac.
Numbers say: Real Monarchs SLC 2.78, Austin Bold 0.92
#PHXvOKC (6:30 p.m. MST Friday). This one shouldn't be competitive. However, Phoenix, against a bad team, on Dollar Beer Night, with a chance to set the single season points record… this could be a fun one.
Numbers say: Phoenix Rising 2.90, OKC Energy 1.05
#SLCvSAC (Noon MDT Saturday). The early game is the final piece for Real Monarchs' drive to a top-four finish (pending the outcome of Wednesday's game, of course), while Sacramento is sort of holding on in that crowded middle portion of the West table after looking like a solid No. 4 not too long ago.
Numbers say: Real Monarchs SLC 2.10, Sacramento Republic 1.18
#NCvSTL (7:00 p.m. EDT Saturday). This is one of the few potential elimination games out there – Saint Louis could miss the playoffs without a result here, pending the outcomes of Birmingham and Charleston's midweeks. Meanwhile, Carolina will probably have to win to keep the No. 7 spot over Ottawa (though picking their matchup may see them prefer eighth anyway).
Numbers say: North Carolina FC 2.27, Saint Louis FC 0.76
#LAvELP (7:00 p.m. PDT Saturday). These two teams both feel pretty safe in the playoff field – and if El Paso wins its midweek game, will have locked up its spot before this game kicks off – but if things go sideways while San Antonio takes care of business against Colorado Springs, there's a possibility LA gets knocked out, at least (and if El Paso somehow loses to Portland Tuesday, they may be in a similar boat).
Numbers say: LA Galaxy II 0.90, El Paso Locomotive 1.22
#OCvFRS (7:00 p.m. PDT Saturday). Fresno is trying to give up its top-three spot, while Orange County is one of the teams that has made strides toward challenging for the No. 3 spot. Even though they've long run out of runway to accomplish that, OCSC could still get a first-round bye if out-of-town results go their way earlier in the day.
Numbers say: Orange County SC 1.48, Fresno FC 1.25
#BHMvPIT (5:30 p.m. EDT Sunday). This could be a do-or-die game for Birmingham… while also a potential must-win for Pittsburgh to finish atop the East. With everything else wrapping up the day before, all eyes will be on Magic City.
Numbers say: Birmingham Legion 0.31, Pittsburgh Riverhounds 1.21
As every week, thanks for reading. Feel free to share the power ratings to spread the good word of statistical analysis in USL.
Tim Sullivan October 14, 2019 2019, Nashville SC, phoenix rising, pittsburgh riverhounds, power rankings
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This example project demonstrates using multiple threads to simultaneously sort a common Vector . In this case the Vector has to contain elements that are Comparable .
If everything is running as it should, you should see an applet below with a series of vertical lines of all different heights. This is a graphic representation of the random vector to be sorted. If you see only a blank square, then you are probably running an old version of the JRE. This applet requires JRE 1.3.
To start run the example, just click on the applet below. To restart the applet, refresh the page.
If you can read this, then you either have a non-java browser or you need to turn java support on in your options to allow this applet to run.
*Note: Links to the source code are available from within the documentation in the description section of each class.
Alternatively, you can download and run this example as a java application using Java Web Start. If you are on Mac OS X 10.1+, the software you need is already installed. However, if you are on Windows or some other OS, yo may need to download the Java Web Start software ( Windows ).
Run the Thread Sort application.
Determine a rough estimate of the performance hit for using swing instead of awt.
Start expanding the applet, to include controls for modifying the size of the vector and number of threads. While, strictly speaking, this can be done inside Applet as well, I personally want the experience of working with JApplet.
I am hoping that work at getting this over to JApplet, will also reduce the amount of work to reach my final goal, of having this be a standard stand-alone swing application deliverable by Java Web Start.
If you have any questions or comments, please don't hesitate to contact me. I hope you found this project stimulating.
Copyright (c) Objective Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
This project is composed of software having different rightful owners. Please refer to the license agreements in the source code to understand limitations on its use.


American Idol Forum ~ Lea Marie Golde set to release her debut album 4/21/2009.
< American Idol General Discussion Forum ~ Lea Marie Golde set to release her debut album 4/21/2009.
Lea Marie tried out for American Idol and didn't make it. Now she's releasing an awsome album, all of the songs written by her own hand, and has a fantastic sound. This girl is going to be the next big name in the music industry, without the help of Simon and Paula. Check her out at http://www.myspace.com/leamariemusic.
Not bad at all. I might have to check it out when it drops.


text:
Q: using jquery to hide and show elements I have a webpage with a form for posting comments( a textfield and a textarea + submit button).I wanted the form to be invisible at first and show only a 'showform' link to make the form visible as well as to show the 'hideform' link.When 'hideform' link is clicked ,the form & the hideform link should be made invisible ,and the showform link should be made visible again.
I tried this

<title>formopen demo</title>
<link href="formopen.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">

   show add commentform
   hide add commentform

      <input type="text" value="" name="myinput" id="myinput"/>
      <textarea name="content" rows="2" cols="20" id="content" > </textarea>

formopen.css
.myjsdemo .form{display:none;}
.myjsdemo .hideaddcommentformlink{display:none;}

formopen.js
$(function(){
    $('.myjsdemo.showaddcommentformlink').click(
      function(){
            $(this).hide();
            $('.myjsdemo.hideaddcommentformlink').show();
            $('.myjsdemo.form').show();
            return false;
        }
    );

    $('.myjsdemo.hideaddcommentformlink').click(
      function(){
            $(this).hide();
            $('.myjsdemo.showaddcommentformlink').show();
            $('.myjsdemo.form').hide();
            return false;
        }
    );

});

However nothing happens when I click on the link...I have very minimal knowledge of javascript ..If someone can correct any mistakes in this code ,it would be a great help..
I am putting all files in the same directory and opening the html file in firefox.
thanks

A: Try to add a space between the CSS classes.
.myjsdemo.showaddcommentformlink

Should be
.myjsdemo .showaddcommentformlink

And so on. Otherwise jQuery will grab elements that have both the classes applied at the same time.
The final function should be like this one:
$(function(){
    $('.myjsdemo .showaddcommentformlink').click(
      function(){
            $(this).hide();
            $('.myjsdemo .hideaddcommentformlink').show();
            $('.myjsdemo .form').show();
            return false;
        }
    );

    $('.myjsdemo .hideaddcommentformlink').click(
      function(){
            $(this).hide();
            $('.myjsdemo .showaddcommentformlink').show();
            $('.myjsdemo .form').hide();
            return false;
        }
    );
});

A: Your selectors are wrong. They should be:
$('.myjsdemo .showaddcommentformlink')

and
$('.myjsdemo .hideaddcommentformlink')

and
$('.myjsdemo .form')

using them in the .selector.another form, you are targetting elements with both classes.
i.e:

when you add an space, you are targetting elements with the selector after the space, that are contained by elements with the selector before the space.
i.e:
elements with the class "form" that are contained by elements with the class "myjsdemo"

A: Your selectors are wrong, see http://jsfiddle.net/j9Zy4/ for a working version of your code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pam Ann is up, up and on her way to Charlotte
Comedian Pam Ann comes to the QC on Nov. 15
Matt Comer	on October 25, 2013
Comedian Caroline Reid's laugh-packed character Pam Ann is a hoot — on stage and off. She's coming to Charlotte on Nov. 15. Folks have been chatting about it for weeks. qnotes got the opportunity to chat with Reid via phone before her visit. And, even on phone, she knows how to make a gay laugh. Check out our conversation below. Learn more about her upcoming show atpamann.com.
Matt Comer: Have you ever toured through North Carolina or South Carolina before?
Caroline Reid/Pam Ann: No, I've never been there.
Anywhere in the South? Atlanta, maybe?
Yeah, I've been to Atlanta. I loved Atlanta. I had an absolute ball there.
- - - advertisement - - -
Well, you'll have to imagine Charlotte like, uh, maybe a miniature Atlanta.
Oh! Wow! Awesome. I'm really excited about that.
How did you first get started doing comedy and what drew you to it?
I always really wanted to do acting, but I was horrible at auditions. I never got the really good roles. I was always the mute role in a play. I was playing a mute revolving door in this play and the cast would go through this door and I would make fun of all their characters. The play got slated, except that they said they loved the revolving door. So, that was kind of the catalyst of, oh, I think I'm funny. But, it was never something that as a kid I thought I'd be doing — comedy. I wanted to do fashion and art. It was just an organic process from just doing some sort of amateur plays, to working in the clubs and doing P.R. that kind of allowed me to sort of hang around drag queens and such. I ended up having a dress-up party where I dressed as a Pan Am flight attendant. When you've had a few cocktails and you say Pan Am so many times, it starts to sound like Pam Ann. I thought that was a good idea for a character. I liked the fashion and the whole jetset thing. So, I just went out on a stage and did it and pretty much read from a safety manual a friend had given me. It kinda was a good night. I thought this was good-ish (laughs). I just kind of kept doing it. It was never really a planned thing.
Did you know anything about airlines before this one gig that launched Pam Ann?
Not really. I had only ever traveled once before to Greece. That was my only international flight. I had flown a lot in Australia as an unaccompanied minor from Melbourne to Sydney. Other than that, I knew nothing. I knew I liked the architecture, the graphics, the Pan Am logo. James Bond flew Pan Am. And, that was back in 1996. Travel then really wasn't what it is today. To travel from Australia, you had to have a bit of money or you had to save for years to go away. It was just living out on that island and dreaming of getting off it.
So, you had a lot of drag queen friends, you say?
Yeah, there were all my friends. Just hanging around them and being at their shows, they just took me in under their big feather boa (laughs).
And, the gay community, too, has really been a core fan base since your beginning?
Absolutely. I don't think I've ever really been to a straight club. And, when I do, I'd want to leave. I've been hanging around with my gays since I was like 16. And, I've fallen in love with a couple of gay men and I thought, "No, he's not gay." And, my friends are like, "He is. He's a choreographer and he's into ballet. He's gay." And, I'm like, "No! He's not!" Total denial (laughs).
How did you launch yourself from doing Pam Ann in clubs and with small groups to your larger performances and even landing your own TV show?
I always wanted to do a TV show since the very beginning. I'd written that show back in 1997. I didn't know how I was going to get there. I guess just building up an audience is just a lot of hard work. I've had to do shows in dingy fuck clubs throughout London — like gay saunas — to clubs with two people and a microphone held up with sticky tape. I've done my fair share of years on the circuit in London. You just have to build up an audience. This was way before social media. The fans were loyal. And, as social media gets bigger and bigger, your fan base gets bigger. But, I guess the TV show came because the CEO of Foxtel use to come to my shows at the Aubrey, which is an old drag venue in Sydney. Just, over the years, we were talking and we met and I said I have this idea and he said he loved it. You just have to follow your dreams and persevere and then things pay off.
What U.S. TV have you done?
I've appeared on Andy Cohen before. I just did "The Couch" here in New York; it's just a local morning show. And, a morning show in Dallas. But nothing like a Jay Leno. It would be my dream to do something in the states.
If you could pick any show — a reality show or a late-night comedy show — which would it be?
David Letterman. I've always loved David Letterman. He's amazing. That would be the one to do five minutes and be interviewed.
You've done an ad campaign for British Airways. But, you really make fun of them, too. Were you surprised some of the airlines wanted to work with you? Or, did they understand the humor?
I was very shocked at British Airways approaching me. I thought they were going to come and serve me papers, honest (laughs). But, when they said they were interested in doing something, I nearly fell off of my chair. I'm constantly working now with British Airways and their charities. And, other airlines, too — Lufthansa, KLM, AirFrance — they sponsor silently my shows also. They give me tickets. I also just hosted the Apex Awards show in Anaheim which had all the heads of some of the biggest airlines. I guess some of them take offense. Some of them get the joke. But, I just tell the truth (laughs).
Isn't it a healthy thing for one to know how to laugh at oneself and not be so serious about one's work or passion?
Oh, I think so. I laugh at myself every day. You have to laugh at yourself. The airlines do have a very good sense of humor. I think Emirates — I pick on them a lot — I think they like it, but I think they are a little bit, aaah — maybe it's a little too close to the bone for them sometimes (laughs).
How do you manage the line between humor and offense, or do you just not worry about it?
I think in this business you have to offend. I don't want to be in the bracket where everyone loves me and it's all commercial. I'd rather be loved and hated, rather than, "she's just alright." I've had people walk out of my shows, but they aren't the kind of people I'd want to hang out with anyways or really care to be at my show either, so I really don't give a shit. So, if you're really offended by it, then, please by all means, go. I understand some people come in and it's not at all what they are expecting. They think it's some air hostess musical review or something. I feel sorry for them. I do try to put disclaimers on my posters now (laughs). People are just so offended by things these days. I think that's hilarious. There's nothing really to be offended by. I think it's a big excuse sometimes for people to say, "How could you write that? People died on that ship." And, I'm like, yeah, people die every day. Did you know the people who died on the Costa Concordia? No. Well, the ship's funny. It fell over. It's funny. Yeah, they died. Sorry about that, but it's still funny that an Italian flipped the ship (laughs).
Of all the various characters other than Pam Ann that you've portrayed, which is your favorite?
I guess Lily would be the next one — the Asian one with the glasses. I've had people offended at that, but not the Asians. The Asians love it. They can't wait for it. I like doing Lily. I have performed briefly as the other characters but I didn't really enjoy it. I would like to do a big black TSA woman. I know it's been doing, but something in my vein. Or, a gay man (laughs). : :
QList: The Best of LGBT
Charlotte 2013
Conference raises awareness of student LGBTQ issues
Our People: Q&A with Jim Thompson
Theatre group mounts play
Charlotte: Conference features 'Project Runway' winner
Campus Scene: Call for entries
Category: A&E / Life&Style, Cover Stories, Featured Stories
Tag: Charlotte, Print Edition 2013-10-25
Posted by Matt Comer
Matt Comer previously served as editor from October 2007 through August 2015 and as a staff writer afterward in 2016.
Previous: Previous post: Law Center staff well after minor auto accident
Next: Next post: Carolinas LGBT progress noted in national report


text:
Q: Mongodb import and deciphering changed rows I have a large csv file which contains over 30million rows.  I need to load this file on a daily basis and identify which of the rows have changed.  Unfortunately there is no unique key field but it's possible to use four of the fields to make it unique.  Once I have identified the changed rows I will then want to export the data.  I have tried using a traditional SQL Server solution but the performance is so slow it's not going to work.  Therefore I have been looking at Mongodb - this has managed to import the file in about 20 minutes (which is fine).  Now I don't have any experience using Monogdb and more importantly knowing best practices.  So, my idea is the following:

*

*As a one off - Import data into a collection using the mongoimport.

*Copy all of the unique id's generated by mongo and put them in a separate collection.

*Import new data into the existing collection using upsert fields which should create a new id for each new and changed row.

*Compare the 'copy' to the new collection to list out all the changed rows.

*Export changed data.
This to me will work but I am hoping there is a much better way to tackle this problem.

A: Use unix sort and diff.
Sort the file on disk
sort -o new_file.csv -t ',' big_file.csv
sort -o old_file.csv -t ',' yesterday.csv

diff new_file.csv old_file.csv

Commands may need some tweeking.
You can also use mysql to import the file via
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load-data.html (LOAD FILE)
and then create KEY (or primary key) on the 4 fields.
Then load yesterday's file into a different table and then use a 2 sql statements to compare the files...
But, diff will work best!
-daniel


text:
Steve Harvey accused of fumbling Miss Universe contest results for the second time
After his infamous 2015 winners fumble, Steve Harvey was again accused of calling out the wrong name at Sunday's Miss Universe contest.
news.com.auDecember 9, 20199:34pm
When celebrity interviews go wrong
Celebrities have to give interviews to promote their latest projects. But sometimes they get asked a dodgy question and they spit the dummy.
Steve Harvey. Picture: Getty Images.Source:Getty Images
Steve Harvey's Miss Universe ghosts have come back to haunt him.
The 62-year-old host, who infamously named the wrong winner at the Miss Universe pageant in 2015, was accused of bumbling contest results again at the US ceremony on Sunday.
He was later cleared of any error.
RELATED: Priya Serrao crowned Miss Universe Australia 2019
RELATED: Rachael Finch opens up on how she makes her marriage work
"Earlier this week, all the contestants competed in a National Costume contest. Here's the look at the winner, Miss Philippines," he said during this year's contest, according to USA Today.
Host Steve Harvey was pulled up for a mistake he didn't make (this time). Picture: Getty.Source:Getty Images
"It's not Philippines. It's Malaysia," Miss Universe Malaysia Shweta Sekhon interjected while standing beside him on stage.
Flustered, Harvey blamed the teleprompter.
"Let me explain something to you. I just read that in the teleprompter. Ya'll got to quit doing this to me. I can read," he said.
"I can read," the host responded. Picture: Getty Images.Source:Getty Images
"Now, they are trying to fix it now. See? This is what they did to me back in 2015 — played me short like that," he joked, rather awkwardly.
It was later revealed that Miss Philippines had won the costume competition from earlier in the week, but Sekhon had mistakenly thought Harvey was referring to her as she stood beside him.
Sekhon's costume was featured as part of the broadcast, but she did not win the competition overall.
"No mistakes regarding the national costume winner were made by him, the prompter or production," a statement read.
Miss South Africa, Zozibini Tunzi was ultimately crowned Miss Universe, after giving an emotional response to her last question.
Miss Universe 2019 Zozibini Tunzi, of South Africa. Picture: Getty.Source:AFP
"I grew up in a world where a woman who looks like me — with my kind of skin and my kind of hair — was never considered to be beautiful," she said.
"I think it is time that that stops today. I want children to look at me and see my face and I want them to see their faces reflected in mine."
The two runners-up for the crown were Miss Mexico and Miss Puerto Rico.
Australia was represented by Melbourne lawyer Priya Serrao.
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The Paris Mint is issuing a series of commemorative silver medals to celebrate this year's 150th anniversary of the 1855 classification of Médoc & Sauternes Grands Crus Classés.
The idea for the commemorative series came from the Mint's coin factory in Pessac, just outside Bordeaux, where France's euro coins are struck.
The Mint launched an international competition in 2004 to find a designer for the medals. The selection panel, chaired by René Renou of the INAO, was made up of leading figures in the French wine sector including journalist Michel Bettane (formerly of the Revue du Vin de France) and numerous Bordeaux producers and négociants, such as Jean-Michel Cazes, Denis Dubourdieu and Michel Rolland.
The panel finally chose Magdalena Dubrocka, a Polish designer from Warsaw specialising in coin design.
The solid silver coins, which will cost about €40 each – about the same as a bottle of mid-priced Grand Cru wine – are 41mm in diameter and weigh 30g.
Every medal will feature Dubrocka's design on one side. The design on the other side is chosen by the château: all 86 members of the Classification are eligible to feature on the coins. In many cases chateaux have opted for an image similar to their label – Calon-Ségur's famous heart, for example.
The Mint hopes that Bordeaux châteaux featured in the 1855 classification will order the medals as gifts for their clients. Twenty châteaux so far have ordered medals, including some of the region's most prestigious producers, such as Margaux, Haut-Brion, Mouton-Rothschild, Montrose, Calon-Ségur and Climens.
The 1855 classification was ordered by the Emperor Napoleon III to showcase Bordeaux's greatest wines at the Paris Exhibition of the same year. Apart from Château Haut-Brion (in Graves), all the wines chosen were from the Médoc and Sauternes. There are 61 red and 25 sweet white Grands Crus Classés.