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Zero Draft – Recommendations on Agroecology and other innovations
CSM Updates and News, News, News&Resources
CFS Policy Recommendations on Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for "bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world on to a sustainable and resilient path." (1) Agriculture (crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry) and food systems (2) are key to this transformation. Globally, 820 million people are undernourished and two billon people are overweight. At the current pace, it is likely that targets in relation to SDG 2 will not be achieved in many parts of the world (3). Many producers and food systems workers face unsatisfactory labour conditions and compensation. An estimated one third of all food produced globally is lost or goes to waste. Unsustainable agricultural production practices and climate change are increasing the pressure on natural resources and biodiversity, while productive land continues to be lost to degradation (4).
There is a diversity of food systems which exist on a continuum, can be considered at different scales, and often co-exist within the same country (5). The Committee on World Food Security (CFS) has recognized as a general guide three broad food system types (6) each facing particular opportunities and challenges, notably in relation to labour availability and ecological conditions. All food systems have the potential to contribute further to sustainability and food security and nutrition. Achieving this potential requires embarking on transition pathways that respond to their conditions. Three intertwined operational principles define transition pathways toward sustainable food systems for food security and nutrition: (i) improving resource efficiency; (ii) strengthening resilience; and (iii) securing social equity/responsibility (7).
Innovative approaches are required to bring about food system transformations. Innovations include changes in practices, norms, markets and institutional arrangements, which may foster new networks of food production, processing, distribution and consumption that may challenge the status quo (8). Innovative approaches for sustainable food systems that enhance food security and nutrition must contribute to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) in such a way that they strengthen the four pillars of food security and nutrition (availability, access, stability and utilization). Innovations, which include but are not limited to technologies, must be appropriate to the context, affordable, accessible and respond to the needs of family farmers. Harnessing innovative approaches with this aim will not happen without major shifts in policies at international, national and local levels.
Numerous innovative approaches exist which can be characterized along an axis from increasing efficiency of input use toward re-designing multiple aspects of agriculture and food systems, including markets and governance. They include, for example, the following approaches and technologies: agroecology (9), biotechnology, digitalization, agroforestry, permaculture, precision agriculture, mariculture, climate-smart agriculture, organic agriculture, protected agriculture and sustainable food value chains.
A given innovative approach may be more or less relevant to a specific context as a function of the nature of the challenge and context faced (10). Specific and distinct transition pathways toward sustainable food systems should be implemented for different types of agriculture and food systems, adapted to their contexts and to local needs and expectations. There is a spectrum of different pathways and approaches, which include agroecological approaches and sustainable intensification approaches.
Among the most critical and far-reaching current innovative approaches is digitalization, presenting a new paradigm of innovation. Digital technologies, services, products, and skills are fundamentally transforming modern economies and entire systems of production, management, and governance at a rapid pace. Digitalization clearly has the potential to play an increasingly important role in achieving global food security and improving livelihoods especially in rural areas, provided that access to such technologies exists. Digitalization can support smallholders in improving their resource management and competitiveness. It can also lead to stronger inclusion of youth by creating more appealing jobs in rural areas, and preventing the migration of rural youth to cities.
However, digitalization can also create risks, particularly for the vast majority of farmers who are smallholders. These include deepening structural inequalities through the digital divide, and compromising data ownership and privacy when accumulating big data, especially for those less able to defend their interests such as smallholder farmers. Lack of transparency and trustworthiness around issues such as data ownership, privacy and liability contribute to a range of challenges, which could be addressed by a strong regulatory policy framework to create a safe and level playing field for the sector (11).
While there are no one-size-fits-all solutions, all governments must make efforts to enhance the environmental, social and economic sustainability of food systems in accordance with national and international obligations. Key among these is the right to food, which can serve to guide efforts to achieve food security and nutrition for all. Impact assessments are crucial for understanding the impacts of innovative approaches on food system sustainability, food security and nutrition and the right to food.
The following recommendations have been elaborated building on the main findings of the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) report on "Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition". The recommendations also build upon, and complement in a synergistic manner existing CFS polices and instruments (12), as well as relevant global instruments and processes such as the UN Decade on Family Farming (UNDFF), the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP), and the upcoming Global Plan of Action on Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture and the UN Food Systems Summit.
I. Lay policy foundations for transforming food systems to ensure sustainability and enhance food security and nutrition through agroecological and other innovative approaches
States should:
Ensure that public policies, budgets and incentives support sustainable food systems in a coherent manner, adapting policies and re-directing budgets and incentives based on impact assessment findings.
Ensure that policies promote innovations that are appropriate, affordable and acceptable and contribute to the three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental – in such a way that they strengthen the four pillars of food security and nutrition (availability, access, stability and utilization).
Strengthen the role of the public sector in monitoring and regulating innovative approaches, including technologies, which impact sustainable food systems, food security and nutrition and the right to food.
Develop strategies to support transitions towards sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition through agroecological and other innovative approaches, including through the definition of long-term goals at national and regional levels, ensuring policy coherence across sectors, with the participation of public administrations and relevant stakeholders involved in agriculture, forestry, health, gender, education, finance, trade, energy and environment.
Promote inclusive and participatory governance arrangements of food systems, cross-sectoral involvement and the participation of all relevant stakeholders in accordance with their roles, rights and responsibilities.
Area-based planning for diversified and resilient food systems
Support the use of participatory and inclusive territorial management planning to identify and foster locally sustainable practices to protect common natural resources at different levels (landscape and community, national, regional and global), and to strengthen local, national and regional markets.
Build social capital and inclusive public bodies at landscape-scale so that policy processes are implemented at a scale where it is possible to govern and manage the provision of, and the trade-offs among, key ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural).
Where rural employment opportunities are needed, consider the potential of agroecological approaches to preserve existing jobs and promote decent job creation.
Ensure legal protection of customary access and tenure rights for small-scale food producers, including women, youth, the landless, indigenous peoples and food insecure people, in line with the CFS's Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT).
II. Support transitions to diversified and resilient food systems
Biodiversity and ecosystem approach (13) mainstreaming for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Promote diverse and resilient agroecosystems that assemble soil, water, genetic resources (crops, livestock, trees and aquatic species), and other elements in spatially and temporally diversified schemes, favoring natural processes and biological interactions that optimize synergies so that diversified production units are able to sponsor their own soil fertility, soil water, crop protection, animal health and welfare, and productivity.
Optimize the use of agrochemicals and promote innovative systems that reduce over-usage and dependency. Strengthen and enforce regulations on the use of agrochemicals in order to protect and improve human and environmental health.
Support the enormous contribution that family farmers have made and continue to make for the conservation and development of genetic resources by promoting Farmers' Rights and benefit-sharing, as acknowledged in the texts of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the Convention on Biological Diversity and by protecting Farmers' Rights to save, use and exchange their seeds.
Encourage sustainable consumption patterns that maintain or enhance, rather than deplete, natural resources and support circular economies.
Promote innovative approaches to the reduction of food loss and waste (FLW) with the support of the private sector and civil society.
Sustainable healthy diets
Promote sustainable healthy diets (14) through enhanced diversification of production and food and nutrition education, bearing in mind local context and culture, including indigenous and traditional food systems.
Support low-income consumers and family farmers through public procurement policies (including for school feeding programmes, other safety nets, food assistance and public regulatory and preparedness mechanisms) based on locally and sustainably produced food, and integration of social protection programmes with capacity development for sustainable agricultural production.
Promote appropriate food labelling, in line with applicable national and international standards, to enable conscious and informed consumer choices leading to sustainable healthy diets.
Markets for sustainable food systems
Support innovative approaches in short food supply chains, including adequate infrastructure, participatory guarantee systems (in compliance with public policy and safety standards), and digital technologies with appropriate safeguards.
Support small and medium sized enterprises that provide goods and services for diversified and resilient food systems.
Promote local, regional and global markets that contribute to sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition.
III. Strengthen comprehensive monitoring and impact assessments to ensure that innovative approaches support sustainable food systems that enhance food security and nutrition
Apply system-wide assessment frameworks to assess the performance of food systems and their economic, social and environmental impacts, including on food security and nutrition and the right to food, while considering the following principles that shape transitions to sustainable food systems for food security and nutrition: regenerative production, recycling and efficiency, animal health, synergy, diversity, integration, climate change adaptation and mitigation, knowledge production and dissemination, cultural coherence, human and social values, connectivity, governance, empowerment and participation.(15)
Assess the impacts of innovative approaches on the sustainability of food systems, food security and nutrition, and the right to food.
Assess the impacts of public incentives on the sustainability of food systems and food security and nutrition for all.
Assess the environmental and social (including public health) externalities, both positive and negative, of agriculture and food systems, for example using true cost accounting.
IV. Strengthen support for research, training and education and reconfigure knowledge generation and sharing to foster co-learning
Transdisciplinary research
Public research institutions should:
Encourage integration of transdisciplinary science, integrating global scientific knowledge and local, traditional and indigenous knowledge, including producers' and traders' knowledge, in participatory innovation processes that support transitions toward sustainable food systems.
Develop and support transdisciplinary and participatory action research that fosters co-learning between practitioners and researchers, and horizontal dissemination of experience among practitioners, such as farmer-to-farmer networks and communities of practice, taking advantage of appropriate digital technologies to facilitate wider networking.
Co-learning for innovation
Strengthen co-creation and sharing of knowledge, including local and indigenous knowledge, in participatory innovation processes to develop and implement agroecological and other innovative practices to transition to sustainable food systems.
Strengthen exchanges and networking between actors with long-term knowledge and experience of living in specific climatic conditions with those actors who need to learn to adapt to those conditions.
Protect and promote food and agricultural heritage systems as an important source in the reconfiguration of knowledge generation and research and recognize the role of women in such knowledge accumulation.
Identify knowledge gaps and, in particular, support research in climate change adaptation and mitigation, biodiversity, nutritional quality and nutrient content of different food products, creating and maintaining knowledge and know-how at the territorial level, strengthening agency of family farmers, and financial literacy and business management skills for farmers.
Strengthen public research to assess the impact of the use of agrochemicals on human, animal and environmental health.
Develop and apply research protocols to address power imbalances and conflicts of interest in relation to the generation, validation and communication of knowledge about food production and processing, by valuing different sources of knowledge and bridging gaps between knowledge generated and transmitted through social movements on the one hand, and research on the other.
Encourage explicit coverage of "transitions to sustainable food systems" in school and university curricula, integrating hands-on, experiential learning.
43) Strengthen training programmes for agricultural extension and public health workers, including on the contribution of agroecological and other innovative approaches to nutrition and human, animal and environmental health.
Investment in research, training and education that supports transitions to sustainable food systems
Increase responsible investment in research, formal and informal training and education at all levels to support agroecological and other innovative approaches, ensuring that context-specific needs and capacities and the needs of agricultural producers, including women and youth, are prioritized.
Redirect current investments in research and development towards enhancing diversification and resilience of sustainable food systems.
Prioritize and strengthen public research to address the needs of family farmers, including women and youth.
V. Strengthen stakeholder engagement, empower vulnerable and marginalized groups and address power inequalities in food systems
Inclusive and democratic decision-making
Support inclusive and democratic decision-making mechanisms at all levels in food systems and take specific measures to ensure the participation of rights holders, including marginalized and vulnerable groups most at risk of food insecurity and malnutrition, and other stakeholders.
Support the role of smallholder, peasant, indigenous, and family farmers, including women and youth, as central agents in transitions to sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition, including through the progressive realization of the right to food.
Invest in training programmes and horizontal training platforms on agroecological and other innovative approaches which are knowledge intensive, including digital technologies with appropriate safeguards.
Strengthen responsible investment and provide incentives for women and youth in community-led small and medium sized enterprises that support sustainable food systems.
Promote youth engagement in production, processing and marketing activities, including green jobs, as a desirable decent employment opportunity for youth.
Invest in rural infrastructure and services to reduce gaps between rural and urban areas and to make rural life attractive for youth.
Ensure adequate attention to the needs of young women and girls.
In line with the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), support gender transformative policies, programmes and actions that support women's autonomy and self-determination, challenge the underlying causes of gender inequality within food systems with respect to norms, relationships and institutional structures, in particular by ensuring that laws and policies ensure equal participation between men and women, equal income, shared power and access to resources and public services, and ending gender violence and sexism.
Agency, power imbalances and conflicts of interest
Strengthen food producers' and consumers' associations, organizations and cooperatives that build capacities, create and exchange knowledge to facilitate the adoption of agroecological approaches to foster transitions toward sustainable food systems.
Establish mechanisms to address power imbalances and conflicts of interest in relation to food production, processing and marketing, ensuring appropriate consultation mechanisms.
Assess impacts of concentration of market control in the agriculture and food sectors on the agency of food system actors and the impacts on their right to food.
In order to operationalize recommendations, the following actions are addressed at relevant inter- governmental institutions.
CFS should:
Transmit for information to the UN Secretary General and the UN Food System Summit Advisory Committee, the CFS policy recommendations and the HLPE report on Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition.
Request the HLPE to examine how existing comprehensive assessments of food systems, (16) including metrics and indicators, can best guide food system transitions and present its findings as a contribution to the UN Food Systems Summit.
Taking into account that the global biodiversity framework is being renewed in 2020 by the Convention on Biological Diversity (and 2020 is also the International Year of Plant Health), organize a high-level dialogue on the contributions of biodiversity to sustainable food systems as a contribution to the UN Food Systems Summit; invite the cooperation of FAO and specifically its Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the FAO Technical Committees and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Support national governments in reviewing the impacts of policies and incentives on the sustainability of food systems by organizing a special event to share national experiences and draw lessons.
Ensure that the CFS work stream on Data Collection and Analysis Tools considers data needs in relation to economic, environmental and social dimensions of food systems, considering the principles that shape transitions to sustainable food systems for food security and nutrition (paragraph 16).
CFS, in collaboration with the RBAs, should:
63. Invite the World Trade Organization (WTO) to co-organize a dialogue during the CFS plenary in 2021 on how trade agreements can better support transitions to sustainable food systems that ensure food security and nutrition.
FAO is invited to:
Support at national level data collection on sustainable food systems and documentation of lessons learned.
Assess and document the contribution of agroecological and other innovative approaches to sustainable food systems that enhance food security and nutrition in collaboration with member countries.
Consider and develop options for promoting digitalization for sustainable food systems and enhanced food security and nutrition while mitigating risks by developing appropriate safeguards.
Explore options for developing mechanisms to assess the system-wide impacts (economic, social and environmental) of new innovations, including digitalization, on the sustainability of food systems and on their capacity to deliver food security and nutrition and the right to food.
FAO and IFAD are invited to:
68. Organize a special event to consider opportunities and challenges in promoting agroecological and other innovative approaches for family farmers within the framework of the UN Decade on Family Farming.
6 Final report, 44th Session of the Committee on World Food Security.
UN (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
HLPE (2014) defines a food system as "the elements (environment, people, inputs, processes, infrastructures, institutions, etc.) and activities that relate to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, and the outputs of these activities, including socio-economic and environmental outcomes".
UN General Assembly Resolution on Agriculture development, food security and nutrition. 2019. A/RES/74/242.
A number of global assessments provide evidence of these challenges, including: FAO. 2019. The State of The World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture; IPBES. 2019. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; IPBES. 2018. Assessment report on Land Degradation and Restoration; IPPC. 2019. Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. HLPE. 2017. Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome.
HLPE. 2017. Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome.
Final report, 44th Session of the Committee on World Food Security.
HLPE. 2016. Sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition: what roles for livestock? A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. Rome.
HLPE. 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome.
The FAO Council has characterized agroecology through ten elements (FAO. 2019. The Ten Elements of Agroecology – CL 163/13 Rev 1).
See, for example, FAO Conference Resolution 7/2019, Further integration of sustainable agricultural approaches, including agroecology, in the future planning activities of FAO.
FAO. 2020. Realizing the potential of digitalization to improve the agri-food system: Proposing a new International Digital Council for Food and Agriculture. A concept note. Rome.
In particular, the Voluntary Guidelines to support the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of the national food security, the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT), the Framework for Action for Food Security and Nutrition in Protracted Crises, and the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems.
The ecosystem approach was officially endorsed in May 2000 at the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, through Decision V/6. It has been further implemented through Decision VII/11.
FAO and WHO. 2019. Sustainable healthy diets – Guiding principles. Rome. Definition currently being discussed in the context of the CFS policy convergence process on the development of Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition.
These include SDG monitoring efforts, the TEEB-AgriFood framework, and the FAO Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation (TAPE).
Zero Draft of the CFS Policy Recommendations on Agroecological and other innovative approaches
Draft for negotiations: Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition


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Industrial Fabrics Foundation
This page was printed from https://advancedtextilessource.com
E-textiles in health monitoring
April 8th, 2019 / By: Debra Cobb / Feature
AFFOA's advanced textile fiber embedded with diodes is fine enough to thread a needle. Photo: MIT.
The potential, progress and challenges for next generation smart garments.
Among the many benefits promised by the smart fabric revolution has been the "consumerization of health care." Wearables are enabling the remote monitoring of a wide range of chronic medical conditions, from diabetes, high blood pressure and congestive heart failure (CHF) to symptoms of disease, discomfort and stress.
First-generation ambulatory devices such as smart wrist watches, strap-on monitors and removable battery packs are slowly being replaced by comfortable, washable garments made of e-textiles that fall into the category of smart fabrics. With the development of new conductive textile fiber technologies, the next generation of smart garments could engender improved wearing compliance, signal accuracy and better health care for millions of consumers.
In 2017, smart fabrics in the medical and health segment had a market size of $97 million, according to IFAI research. A recent report published by the Market Research Future predicts the global medical smart textiles market will register a CAGR of approximately 9.5 percent during the forecast period 2018–2027. Despite the potential, a number of hurdles stand in the pathway between an advanced textile technology's proof of concept, and consumer level commercialization.
Myant's Textile Computing Platform knits sensors and actuators into smart clothing. Photo: Myant.
Textile computing
The phrase "textile computing" was coined by Tony Chahine, CEO of Myant, a Canadian company with the goal to "make medical monitoring invisible" by embedding sensors and actuators in everyday textiles. Founded in 2010, the company has focused its research on silver-based conductive yarns. In 2018 Myant opened a Digital Textile Factory in collaboration with knitting machinery maker Stoll, and introduced its SKIIN Smart Underwear for heart health detection (with ECG, HRV, activity, sleep and temperature monitoring).
More recently, Myant announced an agreement with the Mayo Clinic which gave Myant the exclusive license to Mayo Clinic's proprietary heart monitoring and arrhythmia detection technology for use in textile computing or smart clothing projects.
Launched at 2019's Consumer Electronics Show, Myant's SKIIN Smart Shirt with continuous blood pressure monitoring, along with the SKIIN smart underwear line, is scheduled for commercialization this year, pending FDA and Health Canada approval. However, the company has not responded to requests for an update on the status of the project.
No short-cuts to commercialization
Nanowear's e-textile technology, described by co-founder and CEO Venk Varadan as "a soft, dry sensor that can be integrated into any form factor," has been 20 years in the making. Since its establishment in 2014, the company has patented the technologies to manufacture and deposit nanosensors on cloth and low energy substrates.
The resulting nanostructures capture what Varadan refers to as a closed-loop "firehose" of medical-grade data which is then transmitted to a printed circuit board (PCB) via conductive fiber. The nanosensor technology increases signal reliability with reduced interference versus standard silver-chloride electrodes. The PCB channels the data to Nanowear's web-based platform for algorithmic analysis.
Nanowear's nanosensor pillars under magnification. Photo: Nanowear.
In 2016 Nanowear received FDA 510(k) clearance as the first (and only) cloth-based remote cardiac monitoring technology. Since then, the company has been working to develop SimpleSense, a garment for outpatient monitoring of CHF.
Wearable garments offering real-time, cost-effective, wireless, medical-grade monitoring, as opposed to strap-on devices, will increase patient compliance, Varadan believes. "Medicare and Medicaid are excited about the possibility of a low-cost, non-invasive solution for monitoring the health of some 7–10 million patients," he says.
Nanowear is currently collaborating with partners to build a scaled supply chain, while beginning clinical trials to prove the algorithm. "This is an IoT platform from material science to data analytics; all parties must put it together from a foundational place. Partners and investors have, therefore, been patient," Varadan advises.
A large part of e-textile research and development comes from the collaborative efforts of non-profits and academia. Focusing on e-textiles that will help diagnose amputee comfort, a research team at North Carolina State University (NCSU) Wilson College of Textiles has developed a conductive polymer fiber that can be woven into a fabric structure, forming a sensor array that can be used to monitor the interaction between an amputee and their artificial limb.
Researchers from MIT and AFFOA have produced flexible textile fibers embedded with diodes. Photo: MIT.
The tri-component fiber consists of a conductive polymer in the center, encapsulated in an insulating material to prevent electrical issues, and a third sacrificial polymer which enables the fiber to withstand the commercial melt extrusion process and weaving. When the sacrificial polymer is washed away, the resulting fabric functions as a flexible touchpad, collecting and transmitting continuous data on temperature, humidity, pressure and other factors.
"The inner socket environment for amputees is really uncomfortable," explains Dr. Tushar Ghosh, professor in the Dept. of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science. "We make these fibers using common, low-cost materials, such as nylon; modified to function as sensors. They can be woven, knitted or sewn into a washable sock liner material."
The project is funded by the NC State Chancellor's Innovation Fund; the Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS) of the National Science Foundation; and through the Smart and Connected Health program of the National Science Foundation. The monitoring fabric is currently undergoing human trials with volunteers, and the team hopes to patent and license the technology to medical manufacturers for further development and FDA approval.
Smart textiles in transition
A recent article in Textile World by Dr. Raj Bhakta and Dr. Jesse Jur of NCSU Wilson College of Textiles points out that "not all technology sees the light of day in the marketplace."
The researchers found that the intricacies of manufacturing e-textiles are not compatible with current automation, thus preventing commercial scale-up and lower costs. They concluded that while smart garments will inevitably become part of the value chain of healthcare, "there's an inherent need for automation to produce these next generation pieces of smart clothing."
Smart textiles are bringing remote health monitoring to an increasing numbers of patients.
The Advanced Functional Fabrics of America (AFFOA) nonprofit institute was established to do exactly that—bridge the gap that turns research into product. "For years we've had great research breakthroughs, written up in journals, that go into libraries where no one ever sees them, because no one is charged with their commercialization," says MIT professor and AFFOA CEO Yoel Fink. But according to Fink, the goal is to commercialize advanced fabrics to deliver services, and not only to sell goods.
Announced in August of 2018, AFFOA's latest fiber technology is created by laying minute semiconductors and ultra-fine copper wires into a polymer preform. When the fiber is heated during the drawing process, the semiconductors and wires line up along the fiber core.
The resulting fiber is capable of sending and receiving information, sensing heart rate and potentially blood oxygenation, as well as performing a host of other advanced functions never seen before in fibers and fabrics. It is also inherently waterproof. Other versions of these fibers store energy and can change color on demand.
The ability to create smart fabrics by incorporating semiconductors makes possible the commercialization of washable, wearable fabric-based communication systems for health monitoring and beyond.
Since August, the lab has placed some 200,000 of these semiconductor chips into fibers and fabrics, which are being woven by Inman Mills and shipped to a host of other domestic manufacturing companies, according to Fink.
At the moment, consumer-facing companies are "figuring out how to incorporate" the technology. Fink explains that advanced fabric technologies will be monetized as a service, not as a product.
Whether commercialized, FDA-approved, or still in the lab, there is no question that e-textile innovation is going to change the way we use and wear fabrics, for health monitoring and beyond. The future of the textile industry depends on it.
Debra Cobb is a freelance writer with extensive experience in the textiles industry. She is a regular contributor to Advanced Textiles Source.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Milano Albums offer the refined style of a set capacity book with the flexibility and convenience of removable pages. Matted style album allows the book to be designed with various size prints. Mats can accommodate single 8x10 or multiple 4x5, 4x6, and 5x7 prints. Mats and pages sold separately.
This album is gorgeous, well made and the finished product to my bride was a work of art!
Customers who purchased a Renaissance Milano Album also purchased these items.


To the editor: It's bad enough that the 2018 California gubernatorial election presents voters with a contest that is nearly a mirror image of what national voters faced in the presidential election of 2016. Now we know, according to the Los Angeles Times, that members of California's 1% in San Francisco see themselves as the foundation of Democratic candidate Gavin Newsom's career-long ambition of being the state's chief executive.
What will that portend for the future of California's 99%? Will Newsom be able to carry out Gov. Jerry Brown's rational political and economic agendas while discarding his more irrational projects (for example, the bullet train circus)? Or will he cater to the elites of San Francisco while ignoring the problems that come with a steadily increasing population and our year-round fire season?
Is Republican candidate John Cox any better? Was Clinton any better? Voters of California, beware!
To the editor: I'm not sure exactly what you intend to convey in your report on Newsom's decades-long ties to San Francisco's elite. Perhaps that Newsom appears to be the recipient of not-outlandish contributions by a host of good civic-minded San Francisco families?
These people, unlike the Koch brothers and other "conservative" donors, don't seem to be in it for the money. The contributions are really just chump change compared to what right-wing groups give.
The San Francisco folks have plenty, and they're willing to spend it on a candidate who espouses liberal positions with which they — and I — largely agree. I would love to see a similar dissection of Cox's contributors.
First, I read about poor people trying to dig their way out of poverty through education, but L.A. is so rough and so expensive they still have to share a room with their parents and siblings.
Then I read about Newsom and his rich friends, and I was appalled. These few rich donors can exert great influence on our government because they have lots of money to spread around.
Do so many people have to suffer and be at the bottom just so a few rich people can hang on to their superiority and power?


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They Were Forced To Change The Name Of A Lake Because Libs Said It Was Racist….
The town of Whitefish, Montana decided to take a stand against liberal trolls by filing a petition with the court in August, hoping to change the name of the town's lake from its current designation of "Lost Coon Lake."
"Locals and visitors alike consider the name Lost Coon Lake extremely offensive, as its history and meaning are easily discovered," the city explained in its petition with the court.
Once the town is handed the final order from the judge, Whitefish will begin the process of changing the lake's name with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, according to attorney Angela Jacobs.
Reports reveal that the town is known for its connections to controversial racists, like white nationalist Richard Spencer, who resides in the town during a portion of the year.
More details of this story from AWM:
Although the lake was called the "Lost Coon Lake," that was a compromise name. According to Whitefish City Attorney Angela Jacobs, the people who took the lake from the Native Americans wanted an even more racist name. However, the "(N-word Lake" was deemed to be too offensive.
During the filings for the name change, Whitefish Community Library Director Joey Kositzky shared a document from 1964 that featured a newspaper headline, "(N-word) Lake name changed." At the time, the direction of lumber yard operator Don Jensen admitted that residents found the lake with the racial slur name to be offensive. It was decided that the lake would be renamed, Lodgepole Pond.
Whitefish has been plagued with racism. When a black woman participated in a Black Lives Matter demonstration, a white man screamed at her face. The confrontation was caught on camera and showed the angry white man. She bravely confronted him by lowering her sunglasses and looking him in the eyes, "so they know you're human."
Richard Spencer a white supremacist leader, made a speech about Whitefish in November 2016 when he declared, "Hail Trump!" alluding to how the Nazis greeted Adolf Hitler.
Apparently the community has been working on the effort to change the name of the lake for several years now, with 20 property owners directly on the lake and golf club signing the petition for the name change.
The lake in question covers about 61 acres and does not have public access.
Not to mention the fact that the history of the lake's name is quite obscure, with some maps even showing the body of water having no name at all.
According to the latest report, Flathead County District Court has officially renamed it "Lost Loon Lake."
Source: AWM
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byAmalia White
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Well this one sort of flew under the radar didn't it? That's because the leftist main-stream media very,…


One thing for sure, there were plenty of AR headsets and glasses on show this year at CES! I saw 25 or 30, and probably didn't see all of them. Lots of new ones. This is a good indication to me that AR has now graduated into the "…it's going to happen and it's going to be big…" category. This may also be driven by the emphasis that Apple and to some degree Google (and others) are placing on AR. But most that I saw were just the headgear, not the complete operating systems, apps platforms, ecosystem in place that the likes of Vuzix, Hololens and others have labored over for the past 10+ years and have in place. For the most part the ones I saw were just headgear without the total solution, sectors and applications in the package or even fully understood. This is really where AR was 5 years ago, so I wish these Google Glass copycats the best of luck, but not where I would invest. There were a few that did catch my eye as being behind the leaders, but moving in that direction, and I have highlighted here six that I will be watching for progress over the next year or two.
Royole's FlexPai Smartphone – Flexible and Foldable!
The FlexPai Foldable Smartphone is interesting, but it's the flexible screen technology from Royole that really Caught My Eye! Screens as "Thin as a Butterfly's Wing" they claim. Their overview of Flexible Display Technology: "Flexible displays offer many advantages over conventional display technology. They are ultra-thin, light weight, bendable, portable, shatter-proof, unbreakable and low energy". Flexibledisplays such as these could profoundly affect the next generation of personal, even wearable products. Potentially enabling technology for brand new form factors and applications. I will be watching this space.
Modius from Neurovalens - a few short, relaxing sessions a day apparently does the trick!
More and more, consumer wearables are making meaningful improvements to people's well-being. Helping people achieve leaner, healthier bodies improves quality of life and could radically reduce healthcare costs and even save lives. So this one got my attention!
This product - Modius, is a non-invasive headset which, through vestibular nerve stimulation claims to do just that. The device was designed to "activate the epicenter in the brain - the hypothalamus - that causes people to struggle with their weight".
Neurovalens, a neuroscience technology company headed up by Dr. Jason McKeown, launched the product last year after a successful Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign and secured orders on a global scale. Results from users in 80 countries are now pouring in: they claim 80% of users have experienced significant weight loss from using the device and 1 ton of collective weight has been shed!
For me, the hit of CES 2015 and the most significant announcement this year was the collaboration between Misfit and Swarovski to produce a "collection" of wearable tracker jewellery accessories that enable a Swarovski brand fan to wear the tracker device in all aspects of their daily routine, yet never look out of place or the least bit geeky.
A lilac-colored crystal version to be released later in the year will have a multifaceted crystal face that harnesses the sun's energy, feeds it into embedded solar panels, and powers the device. Swarovski says you can charge with almost any light source, and only 15 minutes will ensure that the device never needs recharging.
All very impressive technologically, but most women will buy the Shine because it's a beautiful Swarovski crystal (with hidden functionality).
They will then buy the practical workout band plus other pieces of jewellery that can house the Shine crystal for daily leisure activities, work routine or for evenings out.
BTW, the jewellery looks good and some can be worn without the Swarovski Shine in them as well. See their promotional video here.
Noticeably different than most videos produced describing fitness trackers!
Rosary Beads from GTI - Tracking your Day Religiously, in Every Way!


text:
Packers-Bears: Predictions, 5 things to watch
What you need to know about the Packers-Bears game Sunday afternoon at Soldier Field.
Packers-Bears: Predictions, 5 things to watch What you need to know about the Packers-Bears game Sunday afternoon at Soldier Field. Check out this story on jsonline.com: https://jsonl.in/2i60y7n
Tom Silverstein, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Published 1:36 p.m. CT Nov. 11, 2017
Green Bay Packers defensive end Mike Daniels (76) hits quarterback Case Keenum (7) against the Minnesota Vikings Sunday, October 15, 2017 in Minneapolis, Minn.(Photo: Jim Matthews/USATODAY NETWORK-Wi)
TEAMS: Green Bay Packers (4-4) at Chicago Bears (3-5).
WHEN: Noon Sunday.
WHERE: Soldier Field.
TV: Fox.
RADIO: AM-620 in Milwaukee, AM-1360 in Green Bay; Packers Radio Network.
SERIES: Packers lead, 94-93-6.
LINE: Bears by 5 1/2.
WEATHER: Chance of rain, high of 42.
SURFACE: Grass.
COACHES: Green Bay's Mike McCarthy (128-73-1) vs. Bears' John Fox (139-124-0)
LIVE GAME BLOG: Join Tom Silverstein for analysis and lively discussion
NFL: Live scoreboard, box scores
ROSTERS, STATS: Packers | Bears
5 THINGS TO WATCH
1. Turning it loose: Much has been made of the fact that Bears rookie QB Mitch Trubisky attempted just seven passes against Carolina. It was his third start and the Bears were facing the current No. 1-ranked defense in the NFL. The following week, against New Orleans, Trubisky threw 32 times. The Bears always will try to run first, but unless the weather conditions are awful, why wouldn't they attack the NFL's 20th-ranked pass defense? "I think it's clear on the trajectory they have him on," coach Mike McCarthy said. "That will continue to grow. I don't expect him to throw 10 passes against us. We expect him to open it up a little more."
2. The rundown on Ryan: With S Morgan Burnett (groin) out and the Bears expected to run the ball a lot, ILB Jake Ryan is probably going to see a lot of action. Ryan has seen his playing time dip down to an average of 12 snaps over the last five games because of Burnett playing ILB and Blake Martinez never coming off the field. He filled in after Burnett went down and had a forced fumble. "He did a lot of good things fitting the run to finish that game, so we're looking for him to build on that, ILBs coach Scott McCurley said. "He's been in there before, he's done it before. I believe in him, and I know what he can do. I think with him and Blake in there, that they'll be able to do some good things."
3. Missing middle man: If the defense doesn't start getting more from defensive tackle Mike Daniels, then chances of it ever producing a consistent pass rush are nil. Daniels hasn't had a sack in the last five games he has played and had two tackles against Detroit. His unnecessary roughness penalty on the first drive was a killer. After getting dominated by former teammate T.J. Lang, he'll be up against another former teammate, Josh Sitton. "I think like everybody, we all have to get better," defensive line coach Mike Trgovac said. "I've got to do a better of coaching it and they've got to do a better job of playing it."
4. Match made in heaven: A week after facing the likes of Marvin Jones and Golden Tate, the Packers get a break with the Bears' receivers. With Cameron Meredith and Kevin White both on injured reserve the Bears don't have a No. 1 on the roster. Of their top five leaders in receptions only two are receivers and one of them, Deonte Thompson, is no longer on the team. If ever the Packers' secondary is going to have success it should be this week. "I don't think we've had a game where the three guys who play the most have all played well at the same time," CBs coach Joe Whitt said, referring to Davon House, Kevin King and Damarious Randall. "Once that happens, it's going to give the defense the ability to play better."
5. Average returns: It appears special teams coach Ron Zook is going to stick with Trevor Davis on kick returns ahead of Jeff Janis. Davis returned seven kicks against the Lions and only got three to the 25-yard line or better. "The guys are doing a good job of blocking, we've just got to keep working at it," special teams coach Ron Zook said. "Sometimes, Trevor's not hitting it exactly right, sometimes a guy's slipping off. They covered extremely well. Detroit covered hard. I feel like we're progressing there and we've just got to continue to progress."
OUR PREDICTIONS
TOM SILVERSTEIN
The season is on the line for the Packers and if they can't hold the Bears offense to 17 or fewer points, they're in a world of hurt. Brett Hundley doesn't have to be great. He just needs to manage the game and avoid a lot of three-and-outs. If he can make two or three more plays than he did last week, they can win. Packers 21, Bears 17
PETE DOUGHERTY
The Bears' rookie quarterback (Mitch Trubisky) isn't making a lot of plays but also isn't turning the ball over like Mike Glennon did. And the Bears have been tough at home (wins over Pittsburgh and Carolina, three-point losses to Atlanta and Minnesota). Their defense has been solid (No. 12 in scoring), so the guess here is they'll hold the Brett Hundley-led Packers to under 20 points and a win a close one. Bears 20, Packers 17
If the offensive line plays well, Brett Hundley might have a chance. But the Bears' defense is ferocious and should make it another long afternoon for the Packers. Bears 16, Packers 13
For the first time in 25 years, the Packers enter a game against the Bears without a clear quarterback advantage. Even without Aaron Rodgers, the expectation should be for them to beat the NFL's worst, and the Bears – working on their fourth straight year at the bottom of the NFC North – certainly qualify. Sunday's game probably won't be pretty, but the Packers should find a way to leave Chicago with a win. Packers 17, Bears 13
AARON NAGLER
Until Brett Hundley and the Packers offense resembles something more than a pop gun, it's hard to think the Packers can put up enough points to win an NFL football game. Chicago's defense should put the clamps on Hundley and company and their offense won't need to score much to win. Bears 23, Packers 16
What happens to that Packers Super Bowl merchandise now?
Bucks head to Paris hoping to extend winning streak, gain cultural experience
Miller Park will become American Family Field in 2021
Nickel: Key to ageless George Hill? Forests, family and friends
Brewers announce 'On Deck' participants, schedule
Bucks 111, Bulls 98: Cleaning up their act in second half


The Crème Shop's fusion sheet mask is designed to deliver the benefits of two masks with just one application.
Blueberry's superpower: Maintain youthfulness. Antioxidants found in blueberries protect skin from damage to preserve a supple, smooth complexion.
Banana's super power: Gentle brightener. Bananas contain enzymes that act as a mild exfoliator, lifting away dead skin cells. Reveals radiant, glowing skin.
Not only is each mask infused with nutritious ingredients, it is also rich in the ultimate moisturizer: hyarulonic acid.
Hyarulonic acid's super power: Retains moisture. One gram can hold up to six liters of water. When skin lacks moisture, it can become cracked, agend, and dull. Hyarulonic acid keeps skin young and perfectly dewy.


text:
copyright:
  years: 2015, 2016
lastupdated: "2016-11-02"

---

{:shortdesc: .shortdesc}
{:screen:.screen}
{:codeblock:.codeblock}

# Configurazione dell'autenticazione personalizzata per l'applicazione Android {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}
{: #custom-android}

Configura la tua applicazione Android con l'autenticazione personalizzata per utilizzare l'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} e connettere la tua applicazione a {{site.data.keyword.Bluemix}}.

## Prima di cominciare
{: #before-you-begin}
Prima di iniziare devi disporre di:

* Una risorsa che sia protetta da un'istanza del servizio {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} configurata per utilizzare un provider di identità personalizzato (consulta [Configurazione dell'autenticazione personalizzata](https://console.stage1.ng.bluemix.net/docs/services/mobileaccess/custom-auth-config-mca.html)).
* Il tuo valore **TenantID**. Apri il tuo servizio nel dashboard {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}. Fai clic sul pulsante **Opzioni per dispositivi mobili**. Il valore `tenantId` (noto anche come `appGUID`)  viene visualizzato nel campo **GUID applicazione / TenantId**. Avrai bisogno di questo valore per inizializzare il gestore autorizzazione.
* Il tuo nome **Realm**. Questo è il valore che hai specificato nel campo **Nome realm** della sezione **Personalizzato** nella scheda **Gestione** del dashboard {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}.
* L'URL della tua applicazione di back-end (**Rotta applicazione**). Avrai bisogno di questo valore per inviare le richieste agli endpoint protetti della tua applicazione di back-end.
* La tua **Regione** {{site.data.keyword.Bluemix_notm}}. Puoi trovare la tua regione {{site.data.keyword.Bluemix_notm}} corrente nell'intestazione, accanto all'icona **Avatar** ![Icona Avatar](images/face.jpg "Icona Avatar"). Il valore della regione visualizzato deve essere uno dei seguenti: `Stati Uniti Sud`, `Regno Unito` o `Sydney` e corrisponde ai valori delle SDK richiesti nel codice WebView Javascript: `BMSClient.REGION_US_SOUTH`, `BMSClient.REGION_SYDNEY` o `BMSClient.REGION_UK`. Avrai bisogno di questo valore per inizializzare il client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}.

Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta:
 * [Introduzione a {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}](https://console.{DomainName}/docs/services/mobileaccess/getting-started.html)
 * [Configurazione dell'SDK Android](https://console.{DomainName}/docs/services/mobileaccess/getting-started-android.html)
 * [Utilizzo di un provider di identità personalizzato](https://console.{DomainName}/docs/services/mobileaccess/custom-auth.html)
 * [Creazione di un provider di identità personalizzato](https://console.{DomainName}/docs/services/mobileaccess/custom-auth-identity-provider.html)
 * [Configurazione di {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} per l'autenticazione personalizzata](https://console.{DomainName}/docs/services/mobileaccess/custom-auth-config-mca.html)

## Inizializzazione dell'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}
{: #custom-android-initialize}
Se disponi di un'applicazione Android strumentata con l'SDK Android {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} puoi saltare questa sezione.
1. Nel tuo progetto Android in Android Studio, apri il file `build.gradle` del tuo modulo applicazione (non il progetto `build.gradle`).

1. Nel file `build.gradle`, trova la sezione `dependencies` e controlla che esista la seguente dipendenza:

	```Gradle
	dependencies {
		compile group: 'com.ibm.mobilefirstplatform.clientsdk.android',
        name:'core',
        version: '2.+',
        ext: 'aar',
        transitive: true
    	// altre dipendenze
	}
	```
	{: codeblock}

1. Sincronizza il tuo progetto con Gradle. Fai clic su **Tools > Android > Sync Project with Gradle Files**.

1. Apri il file `AndroidManifest.xml` del tuo progetto Android.
Aggiungi l'autorizzazione di accesso a internet sotto l'elemento `<manifest>`:

	```XML
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
	```
	{: codeblock}

1. Inizializza l'SDK.
	Un punto comune, seppure non obbligatorio, dove inserire il codice di inizializzazione è nel metodo `onCreate` dell'attività principale nella tua applicazione Android.

	```Java
	BMSClient.getInstance().initialize(getApplicationContext(), BMSClient.REGION_UK);
	```
	{: codeblock}

Sostituisci `BMSClient.REGION_UK` con la regione {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}. Per ulteriori informazioni su come ottenere questi valori consulta [Prima di cominciare](#before-you-begin)).

## Interfaccia AuthenticationListener
{: #custom-android-authlistener}

L'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} fornisce l'interfaccia `AuthenticationListener` per consentirti di implementare un flusso di autenticazione personalizzato. L'interfaccia `AuthenticationListener` espone tre metodi richiamati in fasi differenti durante il processo di autenticazione.

### Metodo onAuthenticationChallengeReceived
{: #custom-onAuth}
Richiama questo metodo quando una richiesta di verifica dell'autenticazione personalizzata viene ricevuta dal servizio {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}.

```Java
void onAuthenticationChallengeReceived(AuthenticationContext authContext, JSONObject challenge, Context context);
```
{: codeblock}

#### Argomenti
{: #custom-android-onAuth-arg}

* `AuthenticationContext`: fornito dall'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} per consentirti di notificare a tua volta le risposte alla richiesta di verifica dell'autenticazione oppure gli errori durante la raccolta di credenziali.  Un esempio è un utente che annulla l'autenticazione.
* `JSONObject`: contiene una richiesta di verifica dell'autenticazione personalizzata, come restituito da un provider di identità personalizzato.
* `Context`: un riferimento al contesto Android che è stato utilizzato quando è stata inviata la richiesta. Di norma, questo argomento rappresenta un'attività Android.

Richiamando il metodo `onAuthenticationChallengeReceived`, l'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} sta delegando il controllo allo sviluppatore.  Il servizio attende le credenziali. Lo sviluppatore deve raccogliere le credenziali e notificarle a sua volta all'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} utilizzando
uno dei metodi di interfaccia `AuthenticationContext`.

### Metodo onAuthenticationSuccess
{: #custom-android-authlistener-onsuccess}
Richiama questo metodo dopo un'autenticazione con esito positivo. Gli argomenti includono il contesto Android e un JSONObject facoltativo che contiene informazioni estese sull'esito positivo dell'autenticazione.
```Java
void onAuthenticationSuccess(Context context, JSONObject info);
```
{: codeblock}

### Metodo onAuthenticationFailure
{: #custom-android-authlistener-onfail}
Richiama questo metodo dopo che l'autenticazione ha esito negativo. Gli argomenti includono il contesto Android e un JSONObject facoltativo che contiene informazioni estese sull'esito negativo dell'autenticazione.
```Java
void onAuthenticationFailure(Context context, JSONObject info);
```
{: codeblock}

## Interfaccia AuthenticationContext
{: #custom-android-authcontext}

L'`AuthenticationContext` viene fornito come un argomento al metodo `onAuthenticationChallengeReceived` di
un `AuthenticationListener` personalizzato. Devi raccogliere le credenziali e utilizzare i metodi `AuthenticationContext` per restituire le credenziali all'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} o notificare un errore. Utilizza uno dei seguenti metodi.

```Java
void submitAuthenticationChallengeAnswer(JSONObject answer);
```
{: codeblock}

```Java
void submitAuthenticationFailure (JSONObject info);
```
{: codeblock}

## Implementazione di esempio di un AuthenticationListener personalizzato
{: #custom-android-samplecustom}

Questo esempio AuthenticationListener è progettato per funzionare con un provider di identità personalizzato. Puoi scaricare questo
esempio dal [repository Github](https://github.com/ibm-bluemix-mobile-services/bms-mca-custom-identity-provider-sample).

```Java
package com.ibm.helloworld;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;
import com.ibm.mobilefirstplatform.clientsdk.android.security.mca.api.AuthenticationContext;
import com.ibm.mobilefirstplatform.clientsdk.android.security.mca.api.AuthenticationListener;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class CustomAuthenticationListener implements AuthenticationListener {
	@Override
	public void onAuthenticationChallengeReceived (AuthenticationContext authContext,
											JSONObject challenge, Context context) {

		log("onAuthenticationChallengeResceived :: " + challenge.toString());

		// In questo esempio, l'AuthenticationListener restituisce immediatamente una
		// serie di credenziali codificata (hardcoded). In uno scenario realistico, questo è il punto
		// in cui lo sviluppatore mostra uno schermo di accesso, raccoglie le credenziali e richiama
		// l'API authContext.submitAuthenticationChallengeAnswer()

		JSONObject challengeResponse = new JSONObject();
		try {
			challengeResponse.put("username", "john.lennon");
			challengeResponse.put("password", "12345");
			authContext.submitAuthenticationChallengeAnswer(challengeResponse);
		} catch (JSONException e){

			// Se si è verificato un errore di raccolta delle credenziali, devi
		// segnalarlo all'AuthenticationContext. In caso contrario, l'SDK client Mobile Client
		// Access resterà in uno stato di attesa delle credenziali
		// per sempre

			log("Questo non dovrebbe mai accadere...");
			authContext.submitAuthenticationFailure(null);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onAuthenticationSuccess (Context context, JSONObject info) {
		log("onAuthenticationSuccess :: " + info.toString());
	}

	@Override
	public void onAuthenticationFailure (Context context, JSONObject info) {
		log("onAuthenticationFailure :: " + info.toString());
	}

	private void log(String text){
		Log.d("CustomAuthListener", text);
	}
}
```
{: codeblock}

## Registrazione di un AuthenticationListener personalizzato
{: #custom-android-register}

Dopo che hai creato un AuthenticationListener personalizzato, registralo presso `BMSClient` prima di iniziare a utilizzare il listener. Aggiungi il seguente codice alla tua applicazione. Questo codice deve essere richiamato prima di inviare qualsiasi richiesta alle tue risorse protette.

```Java
MCAAuthorizationManager mcaAuthorizationManager =
      MCAAuthorizationManager.createInstance(this.getApplicationContext(),"<MCAServiceTenantId>");
mcaAuthorizationManager.registerAuthenticationListener(realmName, new CustomAuthenticationListener());
BMSClient.getInstance().setAuthorizationManager(mcaAuthorizationManager);

```
{: codeblock}

Nel codice:
* Sostituisci `MCAServiceTenantId` con il valore **TenantId** (consulta [Prima di cominciare](##before-you-begin)).
* Utilizza il `realmName` che hai specifico nel dashboard {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} (consulta [Configurazione dell'autenticazione personalizzata](https://console.stage1.ng.bluemix.net/docs/services/mobileaccess/custom-auth-config-mca.html)).

## Verifica dell'autenticazione
{: #custom-android-testing}
Dopo che l'SDK client è stato inizializzato e che un AuthenticationListener personalizzato è stato registrato, puoi iniziare a effettuare richieste alla tua applicazione di back-end mobile.

### Prima del tuo test
{: #custom-android-testing-before}
Devi disporre di un'applicazione con una risorsa protetta da {{site.data.keyword.amashort}} all'endpoint `/protected`.

1. Invia una richiesta all'endpoint protetto (`{applicationRoute}/protected`) dell'applicazione di backend mobile dal tuo browser, ad esempio `http://my-mobile-backend.mybluemix.net/protected`. Per informazioni su come ottenere il valore `{applicationRoute}`, consulta   [Prima di cominciare](#before-you-begin).

1. L'endpoint `/protected` di un'applicazione di back-end mobile creato con il contenitore tipo {{site.data.keyword.mobilefirstbp}} è protetto con {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}. All'endpoint possono accedere solo le applicazioni mobili strumentate con l'SDK client {{site.data.keyword.amashort}}. Di conseguenza, nel tuo browser viene visualizzato un messaggio `Unauthorized`.

1. Utilizza la tua applicazione Android per effettuare una richiesta allo stesso endpoint protetto che include `{applicationRoute}`. Aggiungi il seguente codice dopo che hai inizializzato `BMSClient` e registrato il tuo AuthenticationListener personalizzato.

	```Java
	Request request = new Request("{applicationRoute}/protected", Request.GET);
	request.send(this, new ResponseListener() {
		@Override
		public void onSuccess (Response response) {
			Log.d("Myapp", "onSuccess :: " + response.getResponseText());
			Log.d("MyApp",  MCAAuthorizationManager.getInstance().getUserIdentity().toString());
		}
		@Override
		public void onFailure (Response response, Throwable t, JSONObject extendedInfo) {
			if (null != t) {
				Log.d("Myapp", "onFailure :: " + t.getMessage());
			} else if (null != extendedInfo) {
				Log.d("Myapp", "onFailure :: " + extendedInfo.toString());
			} else {
				Log.d("Myapp", "onFailure :: " + response.getResponseText());
			}
		}
	});
	```
	{: codeblock}

1. 	Quando la tua richiesta ha esito positivo, nello strumento LogCat è presente il seguente output:

	![immagine](images/android-custom-login-success.png)

 Puoi anche aggiungere la funzionalità di disconnessione aggiungendo il seguente codice:

 ```Java
 MCAAuthorizationManager.getInstance().logout(getApplicationContext(), listener);
 ```
 {: codeblock}

 Se richiami questo codice dopo che un utente ha eseguito l'accesso, l'utente viene disconnesso. Quando l'utente prova ad eseguire nuovamente l'accesso, deve rispondere nuovamente alla richiesta di verifica proveniente dal server.

 Il valore per `listener` passato alla funzione di disconnessione può essere `null`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Funding for the Nursery and School placement is directly through the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) and your Local Authority, providing you apply for an Education Health & Care (EHC) plan. It is possible to obtain a plan for children under 2 years of age and this can continue until the age of 25 providing that it is agreed the young person will remain in education after the age of 18yrs.
Until an EHC plan is produced, or the Local Authority agrees funding pending an EHC plan, you can arrange to meet the cost of your child's placement personally. There are some grant funders that will cover the cost of a placement too. An invoice will be provided once this has been agreed with you or a grant funder.


I love sweets. Peppermint patties have always been a favorite, but if you take a look at the ingredients listed, they are so not good for us. These simple treats contain only a few ingredients (including coconut manna and coconut oil) and are sweetened with honey, making for a much more wholesome treat.
Soften your coconut manna in a bowl of warm water, taking care not to get any water in the jar.
Once manna is softened and well stirred, measure out 1/4 of a cup in to a medium size bowl.
Add in 1/2 cup of softened coconut oil. Mix well. The oils will separate a bit from the coconut manna and may look milky. This is normal.
Add in honey and stir well. You can add more or less depending on your taste.
Slowly add in peppermint oil, starting with 5 drops. Taste and add a few more drops if desired.
Measure out your patties onto parchment paper using a teaspoon sized measuring spoon. Place balls in the freezer to firm up for about 10 minutes.
Once your patties are firm, you can take them out to form them more if you would like. Coat each one by dipping and turning each ball in chocolate and removing them with a fork. Place them onto a piece of parchment paper to harden.
This recipe should make between 15-18 balls. If you live in a warm area store your patties in the refrigerator to keep.


Calvin captured their third consecutive MIAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship on Saturday, winning five distance events along with the weight throw to score 153 points, surpassing Trine's 121 points.
Calvin's Tyler Johnson was a two-time distance winner for the Knights. With an MIAA title already in hand after winning the 1-Mile run, Johnson won the 3000m run with an MIAA-record time of 8:48.83 in the penultimate race to help lift the Knights.
Joining Johnson in winning distance races for Calvin were James Jeninga (800m, 1:56.44) and Jamison Koeman (500m run, 15:31.58). Rounding out Calvin's even winners was Brendan Van Houten in the weight throw (17.22m).
Along with Johnson's MIAA record, five more records fell during Saturday's action, including three by Adrian: Jordan Davis became the first-ever MIAA Indoor Track & Field athlete to win four consecutive titles on one event with his record-setting time of 8.03 seconds in the 60m hurdles, while teammate Randolph Fry took the 60m dash and 200m dash with record-breaking times of 6.85 seconds and 22.31 seconds, respectively.
Also setting MIAA meet records were Trine's Jeffery Barnett in the long jump (7.36m), improving the third-best mark in NCAA Division III this season, and Olivet's Jacob Smith in the shot put (15.85m) to move up to 25th nationally.
Trine benefitted from four individual wins, including two by Evonne Bultemeyer in the distance races, as the Thunder captured the 2019 MIAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship Saturday.
Bultemeyer's wins in the 800m and 3000m runs bolstered the Thunder late; also winning MIAA titles were teammates Jensyn Garrow in the 400m dash (1:00.01) and Andrea Hagar in the weight throw (15.10m).
In the 800m run, which proved to be one of the deepest and most exciting races of the day, Bultemeyer stretched past Calvin's Katie Diekema and Albion's Cassie Vince to win with an MIAA record time of 2:17.20; Diekema placed second in 2:17.40, while Vince was third in 2:17.69. The win was the second consecutive in the 800 for Bultemeyer and gave Trine their first team lead of the day, which the Thunder would not relenquish.
Bultemeyer then won the women's penultimate event, the 3000m run with a time of 10:33.70.
Albion's Layla Wilks won both the 60m and 200m dashes for the second consecutive year, with her time of 7.91 setting an MIAA record. Wilks, who ran the 200m in 26.10 Saturday, also has the MIAA record in that event after running 25.69 last year.
Two individuals tied MIAA records on the way to their event wins: Olivet's Lillian Albaugh in the shot put (13.39m) and Hope's Addyson Gerig in the high jump (1.56m).


I have bad news and good news. I feel like getting the bad news out of the way firts. To explain I have to go back to the beginning of the week. In my last post I noted how well the training is going. My Mt Rite Aid run was the fastest that I have on record. That includes runs going all the way back to 2009. The significance of 2009, is that it was in 2009 and 2010 that I set most of my PRs!
Tuesday, I ran with the Hillview kids doing a typical interval workout. We ran, 3,2,1,3,2,1,3,2,1. The last couple of weeks, during our interval workouts, I have been worrying a bit about the speed of my kids. On a typical interval I am about 5th to 8th place. Compared to previous years that is unusually high. None of the girls have been consistently finishing ahead of me. We finished the first two 3 minute, 2 minute, 1 minute sets and then Coach Briggs joined in on the third. Jake Briggs is much younger, maybe 30, and he ran cross country in high school. His top end speed is definitely higher than mine, when he is in shape. He has not run much lately however.
So, Jake takes of on the third 3 minute interval. It took me about a minute to reel him in and then we ran shoulder to shoulder. In the third minute I pulled a few strides ahead. After our recovery we started interval number two. We were again cruising side by side, when I got bold and daring. I wondered if I could go faster. So I did. I found another gear and pulled away. As we started the next and final interval I noted that my right achilles area had tightened up, so I went much more slowly.
I headed over to Clay's for the Clayve workout, and while I could feel the tightness the leg cooperated and I had a good workout.
Wednesday, I ran a 2 mile recovery run. I still felt a bit tight but the run went okay.
Thursday morning I met Clay at Hillview for a tempo workout. The plan was 3 x 2 miles. We were going to run my 2 mile time trial route I have been running with the kids. We started off okay and I felt going going down the blvd. Going down Towncenter, as we neared a mile I felt the Achilles start to really tighten. I had to slow a bit. i did the mile right at 7 minutes. Turning onto Bolz Ranch Road, Clay was pulling farther and farther ahead. The Achilles seemed manageable. I tried to speed back up a bit. The Achilles shut me down.
It is a sad day when you have to walk the last 3/4 mile of your interval. I tried to resume running a few times but I could not. I was not even able to walk without a limp the rest of the day. This seems a lot like the same thing I had back in January. (Click Here) The description of the January pain was the left calf. This is the right, and I am describing it as Achilles in that it is at the very bottom of the calf maybe a few inches above my ankle on the very back of the leg… The good news about that January one is that the calf healed very quickly. Lets just hope that this calf episode does not lead to knee pain like the last one did.
Sorry to hear the bad news, not a good sign that you are still limping while walking. When I pulled my hamstring it wasn't that bad until I decided to "race easy" the following week. THAT did me in for 7 months. We have to start listening better in our old age. When the body talks to you take a week or two off from running hard. I am cancelling my intervals this weekend as my achilles are both sore from Thursday. ICE, REST, ELEVATE, ANKLE ROM hope you are well enough to bike the 50K next Sat.


From left, Director of Sales Carolyn Callahan, CFO Bruce Kudeviz, CEO Kristina Bouweiri, COO Tony Simon and Director of Business Relations Barry Gross accept Reston Limousine's Best-Run Company award at the SmartCEO book launch party on Jan. 12 in Bethesda, MD.
"We're honored to have been recognized for our company's process, vision, customers, culture, leadership, communication, growth, brand and talent," President and CEO Kristina Bouweiri said. Those nine critical aspects are factored into the award, which the magazine bestowed on about 90 companies headquartered in the Washington and Baltimore metropolitan areas.
The Best-Run companies generate more than $2.76 billion in collective annual revenue and employ more than 20,000 people, according to a SmartCEO press release.
Bouweiri joined Burris and CEOs from the other Best-Run companies at a Jan. 12 event in Bethesda, Maryland. At the event, they celebrated the launch of SmartCEO's "Best-Run Book," a collection of the Baltimore-Washington region's best business stories.
For more information about SmartCEO's Best-Run Companies, visit www.smartceo.com/best-run-book/.
Under the leadership of President and CEO Kristina Bouweiri, Reston Limousine has grown from five vehicles in 1990 to a $26 million company with more than 230 sedans, SUVs, limousines, vans, and buses. The award-winning transportation operator services the Washington metropolitan area and beyond 24/7 from its headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, and a satellite location in Capitol Heights, Maryland. Most visibly branded through the shuttle bus routes it operates for George Mason University, Howard University and other public and private institutions, Reston Limousine also provides the full spectrum of charter services including winery and brewery tours, DC sightseeing excursions, airport transfers, corporate and event transportation, and more. For additional information contact Reston Limousine at 703-478-0500 or visit www.restonlimo.com.


The Ties That Divide - Is Game Development A Cooperative Or Competitive Game?
"The worst part of this business is that publishers think developers are out to screw them and developers think publishers are out to screw them." Paranoia. Power. Money. These are all common themes in game development. Unfortunately, they take away from everyone's primary goal: making a good game. Game Informer talked to people on both sides of the equation?– some who could only do so anonymously?– to shed light on the behind-the-scenes battles that go on in game development between publishers and developers, and to discuss how this traditionally at-odds relationship can be fixed for the betterment of the games that we play.
On the face of it, the relationship between developers and publishers is simple: Publishers give developers an advance payment and the promise of back-end royalties to create a game, with payments doled out at agreed-upon milestones as the project progresses. These milestones, which vary in length, could involve anything from demonstrating how an in-game feature might work (even if it lacks any AI, art, etc.) to providing a playable preview build for a press demonstration.
In practice, while milestones are important in guiding development, mapping out years' worth of work is a fool's errand. "I've never worked on a project where from the beginning to the end, we knew what the product was we wanted, and at the end sat back and said, 'That's exactly the product we started to create,'" says producer on the publisher's side Pete Wanat. Not only are features being added and dropped, but technology is changing and a host of problems can derail the project from day to day. Unfortunately, s--- happens?– and that's also the moment it hits the fan, because if you don't deliver on a milestone you don't get paid.
Developers' need for cash from publishers puts them in desperate situations. It can cause them to sell off the rights of the intellectual property they've created to the publisher, accept bad royalty rates, or be bought out by publishers (where autonomy is exchanged for survival). Often, financial demands create a situation ripe for bad choices. Multiple develop-ers told us that studios often take projects that they know they can't finish simply to get money from a publisher. They gamble that the publisher will give them more time?– even if the publisher doesn't like the game?– because of the money already invested. This only leads to bad games and mistrust.
Money is the root of all evil. Said one developer, "Someone once told me the Golden Rule really is, 'The guy with the gold makes the rules.'" Scott Miller, 3D Realms co-founder, states it just as plainly. "The dirty secret is: Publishers con-trol developers through payments. Rockstar was paying Human Head so late on the milestones payments [in the early days of Prey] that 3D Realms was jumping in to help Human Head because they had payroll to meet. [Rockstar] even said to us, '[You're] taking over the control [we] have over developers.' Nasty stuff like that happens all the time." For its part, 3D Realms is helping its fellow developers by offering creative and financial assistance on projects.
The headaches that developers have to put up with involving money, creativity, control, and time, the publishers have in the form of risking millions and millions of dollars. While we've illustrated how developers can be hamstrung by the milestone process, this common form of development doesn't help publishers either. They have to commit a large sum of money up front to a project that everyone knows might not be any good, has too short a schedule to being with, or could change substantially by the time it releases. It's like paying several million dollars for a single lottery ticket.
Sometimes publishers' fears are wholly justified. Wanat told us a horror story?– which he says happens all the time?– of a developer who took the money from a publisher for a project. Unfortunately, little progress was being made on it. Suspicious, Wanat investigated and discovered that the developer was letting his game idle while it was using the pub-lisher's money to fund a secret project it was working on all along. It wasn't until Wanat sent out an associate producer to literally oversee day-to-day operations (through a series of surprise visits) that work was completed on Wanat's project.
At this year's GDC Burning Mad rant session, Lee Jacobson, vice president of business acquisitions at Midway Games, told the crowd of developers some of his own experiences. One tale involved a studio head that kept $300,000 in mile-stone money for himself and then told his own employees that Midway never sent it. Jacobson also told a story of a visit to a developer who said it had devoted two teams to his project. Jacobson met the first team and then went to lunch. When he came back to meet the second one, he realized that it was made up of a bunch of members from the first team who were pretending to be different people by wearing different clothes.
The pressure of meeting a release date?– right or wrong?– leads everyone to some very unfortunate situations. If it's a movie-based game, you can't miss the film's launch, and there's also more than just the development schedule to worry about. "Nobody ever wants to push out a release date," says Wanat. "People get pissed. You are not making a game in a vacuum." Publishers' strengths are providing marketing, sales, PR, and distribution/retail support for developers, and these usually start working on the behalf of a title a year out. Wanat says delays at this stage are "somewhat" acceptable, but when it happens six or three months out, that's when a serious ripple effect occurs that places the work the publisher puts in at risk.
While every game would benefit from shipping only when it's ready, there are times when push comes to shove and the game gets hurried out the door. Titles that are sent out prematurely or are running late often skimp on bug-testing and other quality assurance practices that occur later in development. "The money people are like, '[Quality Assurance] doesn't make us any money,'" explains one producer. "'Shipping this game and selling it to people makes us money. [Developers] being happy after the fact doesn't make us money.'" Many developers told us this stage is crucial because it's when a game comes together and gets polish?– which often separates the good titles from the bad.
One developer we spoke to said they once had to intentionally sabotage their own product as it was about to be released to gain valuable Q.A. time. The title had major problems, but the publisher didn't care. Knowing that the game was about to ship out to stores and that there was no time for a proper fix, the developer submitted the final version of the title and inserted a game-halting bug that forced the publisher to give the developer more time to solve the original issues.
Better communication can make stressful situations like the milestone process a little easier. It allows developers to be more honest about deadlines and the ability to become more creative with their ideas because the publisher trusts the de-veloper's vision, has a better understanding of how to achieve it, and is more flexible in how to make it happen. On the flip side, developers would understand the business realities the publisher faces. A closer relationship like this already exists between good publishers and developers, as well as between publishers and their internal studios, where the pub-lisher isn't treated as just a bank, but a partner.
Part of this communication has to include working with the publisher's marketing department as soon as possible. In this way, a developer can sell the marketing professionals their vision of the game so they can turn around and sell it to oth-ers. "A lot of people are like, 'We need to hide from big, bad marketing.' Bulls---. Marketing's a part of the process. Rope them in early if you want them to be great," observes Wanat.
Gamecock's Mike Wilson is in total agreement. "A marketing department should be just slightly behind the developer itself in knowing where the game is at and where it's headed. The simplest idea of just playing the game often times just never happens." Marketing can also prevent a developer from getting tunnel vision on an expendable feature, for exam-ple.
Developer Clinton Keith is a proponent of an iterative game development method known as "Scrum," which, in his opin-ion, fosters better communication and changes the typical development cycle entirely. Scrum focuses on creating play-able, full-featured game releases from the beginning. This is in contrast to traditional development, where all the moving parts aren't interacting with each other until near the end. Scrum allows publishers to see a more fleshed-out version of a game earlier (and thus mitigate risk), and offers flexibility to a developer. Instead of trying to decide what a game is on paper at the beginning of the cycle and adhering to that throughout development, Scrum aims to let the game itself show where it needs to go.
Of course, if a developer didn't have to rely on a publisher's money in the first place, then many of their problems would solve themselves. Developers could take their time making a game since milestones wouldn't be as important. BioWare and Pandemic used cash from venture capitalists Elevation Partners to fuse into one big super studio, while Brash Enter-tainment is entering the industry with capital from equity firms (see page 16 for more). There doesn't seem to be any one golden road to financial independence, but right now there is a lot of outside money trying to find its way into the game industry.
Another possible route is to change the advance-against-royalties model. With more evenly dispersed payments, devel-opers wouldn't have to worry about not getting money after a project ships because there are no royalties?– which is al-ready common, as many games don't turn a profit as it is. Not having to worry about there being no light at the end of the tunnel creates incentive for studios, stability, and less of a feast-or-famine situation.
Method Games' Michael John, who was the lead design on PSP's Daxter (working with Ready at Dawn) says that change can also happen on the individual level. John advocates that more developers become free agents like him, selling their experience and skills to studios on a project-to-project basis. This would mean that studios wouldn't have to spend their money reserves to retain valued employees between projects when the publisher milestone money is not coming in.
With studios being able to operate on lower overhead costs at the beginning of a project (adding free agents as they need), publishers won't have to risk such an initial investment to jumpstart a project. "People say, 'Publishers never take risks,' explains John. "Well, you know what? That's because you're giving them a really, really bad bet." For their part, individual developers like John can pick and choose the projects they want to work on and avoid the office politics. John has already signed on for God of War: Chains of Olympus for the PSP.
Licenses are the great four-letter-word of video games. They often create rushed development schedules (to coincide with a movie's release, for example), which cause them to be bad. Industry insiders tell us that with movie licenses in particu-lar, good sales don't even correlate with a good game, they simply mean that people like the movie. However, with more collaboration between developers and filmmakers from the start of a project, and as respect for video games increases licensed games are slowly improving.
Publishers making creative demands on developers is such a fact of life that not one person in the industry we talked to even disputed it. The question becomes: What is good advice and what is bad advice. Producer Pete Wanat says "it's good to want things," but it's up to him to take a stand. "No. No matter how bad you want a mine cart rail level, we're not going to put it in." On the other hand, developers have to rely on a publisher's strength?– its marketing depart-ment?– not to jump off into the deep end and put time and effort into features that aren't important.
The current money-for-milestones structure has some developers living check to check, but this way of doing business isn't good for the publisher, either. "People need constant reality checks to see if a relationship is working or not," says Liquid Entertainment's Ed del Castillo. "Sometimes you have unscrupulous developers who will take advantage of a situation and under deliver again and again." Whether it's a developer taking an advance and literally running away with it or a publisher not being able to see the woods for the trees and causing a studio to work on a schedule that's too short, more developer financial stability eases the milestone structure for everyone's benefit.


after today's high, there were two bollinger compresssions, 45 and 30 minute, where prices languished. AFter that, one dramatic rise again. Then, after the rise, we are seeing another stagnant bollinger compression. Given the volume during this lull in price, we could get another jump after it. People are immensely afraid of missing the 8k top?


To be honest, if you like white sneakers these pair are the best option for you. Im traveling right now doing like a little tour for different cities in Europe and these sneaker are always with me because the never make my feet feel tired or in pain.
This pair are the #FilaRay style and come in different colors. I chose the with one because white goes with everything and to me are the cutest with the details of red and blue.
Click this link and check out this new style of Fila.


What success can look like and how you should you measure the value of your product.
We discuss the different ways digital products create business value and how you can make sure you're paying attention to the right metrics.
From the humble hashtag to Facebook's Reaction emojis, we take a look at how the world's favourite features were born and what they can teach us.
Tom and Dan discuss the product leadership framework, and the role of ideas in product development.
Innovation isn't as tricky as you think, follow these steps to build an environment where it can flourish.
Hear how an established charity has experimented with running a startup program and what value it has brought to both sides.
Mistakes are the cheapest way to learn but you can only learn from your mistakes if you realise you're making them.
Hear insights on the pros and cons of both startup and corporate approaches to product development and innovation.
Tom tells us how the charity are trying to adopt a Digital First approach and shares what they've learnt along the way.
Hear about Flypay's journey from rusty prototype through major funding rounds to a suite of Point of Sale software for the hospitality industry.


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