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Holocaust Denial Laws and Other Legislation Criminalizing Promotion of Nazism
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Video Lecture Series
The Eichmann Trial
Prof. Michael J. Bazyler
As a result of the enormous suffering inflicted upon the world by the Nazi regime, and especially Europe, a number of European countries have enacted laws criminalizing both the denial of the Holocaust and the promotion of Nazi ideology.
The aim of these laws is to prevent the resurrection of Nazism in Europe by stamping out at the earliest opportunity – or to use the phrase "to nip it in the bud" – any public reemergence of Nazi views, whether through speech, symbols, or public association.
Individuals and groups today promoting Nazism, often called neo-Nazis, do not limit their ideology to just anti-Semitism. Part and parcel of their message also involves hatred of other minority groups, most often individuals of African, Arab and Asian descent, and immigrants from non-European nations.
As a result, a number of the European laws banning neo-Nazi messages also ban racist and hate speech. Some also criminalize the denial of other genocides, most prominently the genocide of the Armenians.
The anti-Nazi laws do not exist in every European country. Presently, the following European countries have some legislation criminalizing the Nazi message, including denial of the Holocaust: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and Switzerland. Holocaust denial is also illegal in Israel.
Some of these countries, like Germany and Austria, take these laws very seriously and vigilantly prosecute both speech and behavior having any reference to Nazis and Nazism. Others, like Lithuania and Romania, despite laws on the books, enforce them sporadically.
A last set of countries put a higher value on free speech over suppression of neo-Nazism and freely allow promotion of the Nazi message. In these countries, freedom of the press and freedom of speech are vehemently upheld even to the detriment of other rights. These countries include the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Scandinavian nations.
In 2005, the European Union considered enacting common rules banning or restricting the use of Nazi symbols and promotion of Nazi ideology, including Holocaust denial. However, the EU's Executive Commission eventually recommended against such EU-wide legislation, noting that it would be "unwise" to seek a ban across the 25-nation bloc, citing the differing views in the countries involved.
One example of the disparity in European laws dealing with promotion of Nazi ideology concerns the availability of Hitler's notorious autobiography, Mein Kampf [My Struggle]. Officially, Mein Kampf cannot be purchased in Germany, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland, but the book is readily available in Russia, Romania, the United States and the U.K.
In the United States, the First Amendment protects the freedoms of speech, press and association; such guarantees prohibit suppression of the Nazi message. As a result, neo-Nazi parties are completely legal (just like during the Cold War years, the Communist Party of the United States was allowed to exist) and their anti-Semitic and racist messages are protected by the Constitution. The only limitation on such speech, according to the Supreme Court, are calls for immediate violence.
It should also be noted that a multilateral human rights treaty to which 160 countries are parties, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, obliges member nations to pass domestic legislation prohibiting advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred. As a result, countries that do not specifically criminalize denial of the Holocaust do prosecute individuals who promote hate speech. The line dividing these two types of conduct – Holocaust denial and hate speech – is murky and individuals engaging in Holocaust denial usually do so in the context of making Jew-hating statements. These individuals are then prosecuted for violating hate speech prohibitions.
II. Western European nations with laws banning denial of the Holocaust and promotion of anti-Semitic and racist speech
Let me discuss two representative Western European countries with Holocaust denial laws – Germany and France – and set out how these laws are applied in these two countries.
A. Germany
1. The Law
In the aftermath of World War II, the National Socialist Party (the Nazi party) of Germany was considered a criminal organization and therefore banned. The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1946 likewise ruled that the Nazi Party was a criminal organization. German law, however, does not just stop at banning the Nazi Party. As part of efforts to overcome its Nazi past, Germany has criminalized denial of the Holocaust and also banned the use of insignia related to Hitler's regime and, as mentioned above, written materials or images promoting the Nazi message.
Section 130 of the German Penal Code prohibits denial or playing down of the genocide committed under the National Socialist regime (§ 130.3), including through dissemination of publications (§ 130.4). This includes public denial or gross trivialization of international crimes, especially genocide/the Holocaust.
The law has been amended a number of times since its initial passage in 1985.
In 1985, Holocaust denial was outlawed as an 'insult' to personal honor (i.e. an 'insult' to every Jew in Germany) and a penalty was set under the 1985 law of up to one year in prison or a fine.
In 1994, Holocaust denial became a criminal offense under a general anti-incitement law. The law states that incitement, denial, approval of Nazism, trivialization or approval, in public or in an assembly, of actions of the National Socialist regime, is a criminal offense. The 1994 amendment increased the penalty to up to five years imprisonment. It also extended the ban on Nazi symbols and anything that might resemble Nazi slogans.
A special clause in Article 130 provides for community service for offenders under eighteen years of age. The sale of Hitler's notorious autobiography, Mein Kampf [My Struggle], is also banned in Germany and in a number of other European countries occupied by Nazi Germany, as will be discussed later.
2. Recent applications
The German anti-Nazi law is strictly interpreted. For example, a German man went on trial in September 2006 for displaying Nazi symbols including swastikas even though he was campaigning against far-right extremism - the swastikas had lines drawn through them representing rejection.
State Prosecutor Bernhardt Hussler urged a Stuttgart state court to fine Juergen Kamm, owner of a mail order company that sells anti-Nazi t-shirts and badges. 6,000 Euros [$7,610] for selling merchandise that carry the swastikas and other Nazi symbols through his mail-order business. "Swastikas shouldn't be displayed in such a striking way," Hussler said, adding that he hopes the outcome of this trial will bring about a complete ban of Nazi symbols in public spaces. Defense attorney Michael Wolff argued that Kamm was using the symbols to fight against neo-Nazis and other far-right extremists. Kamm explained: "It should not be illegal to use the symbols against Nazis."
The prosecutor disagreed. He argued that German law strictly forbids the use of symbols associated with the Nazi regime, no matter in what context they are used. He contended that it is irrelevant what the intent of the wearer is, and also that it did not matter that the symbol had been altered. The symbol should simply not be used publicly.
Perhaps such a literal interpretation of the law seems to be going too far. Several politicians, including the head of the Green party Claudia Roth, in reaction reported themselves to prosecutors in Stuttgart for wearing anti-Nazi t-shirts and buttons that include the banned symbols. Roth called the trial "a gift to the far-right." Moreover, Germany's federal court of justice ruled in 1973 that it was not illegal to produce a swastika providing it had clearly been altered for the purposes of protesting against Nazism.
Nevertheless, the judge found Kamm guilty and fined him 3,600 Euros [$4,500]. The case is presently on appeal.
A much more serious case of Holocaust denial prosecution involves the notorious denier Ernst Zundel. German-born Zundel, now in his 60's, emigrated in 1958 to Canada, from where he began disseminating in print form a substantial amount of material denying the Holocaust. In 1974, Zundel published a booklet penned by a British Holocaust denier entitled Did Six Million Really Die? His audience became much larger with the rise of the Internet and through the reach of a website created by his now wife and webmaster, Ingrid Rimland, <www.zundelsite.org>, which includes references to such books as Truth at Last–Exposed. Because of free speech guarantees in the United States allowing Zundel to freely disseminate his views, however vile, the Zundelsite uses a U. S. based Internet service provider.
An excerpt from an article penned by Zundel in 1977 titled "Our New Emblem: The Best of Two Worlds" (referring to a design that merged a swastika and the American flag) and published in the magazine White Power is representative of his message:
Wherever we look, we White people find ourselves besieged by peoples of other races who compete aggressively against us for jobs, food, housing, education and above all - power! The Jews are particularly adept at seizing or insinuating themselves into strategic positions in our society where they wield power far beyond the extent of their numbers....Through us, the White majority of Europe and America, the Jewish minority have obtained their advantages, including their Israel, their Federal Reserve, their World Bank and their International Monetary Fund. In exchange for these advantages, the Jews give us - their White hosts - wars, depressions, inflation, unemployment, energy shortages, higher and higher taxes and air piracy. Like sheep, they expect us to go down the road with them -- all the way to the kosher slaughterhouse. We White people of America have done nothing so far which would frustrate the Jews' expectations or their ambitions of becoming the world's slave masters.1
Canada twice tried to prosecute him for his activities under their laws criminalizing intentional dissemination of false news.2 Even though he was twice convicted, Zundel's convictions were overturned by Canadian appellate courts. On appeal of his second conviction, the Supreme Court of Canada in 1992 declared the "spreading of false news" criminal statute as incompatible with Canada's free speech guarantees and therefore unconstitutional.
In 2005, Canadian immigration officials succeeded, after Zundel exhausted his judicial appeals process, to deport Zundel back to Germany. In November 2005, he was brought to trial before a state court in Mannheim, Germany to face charges of incitement, libel and disparaging the dead. As of this presentation, the trial still continues.
3. Growing Problem of Neo-Nazism in Germany and Need for Such Criminal Legislation
Despite this strict interpretation of the German so-called "Auschwitz lie" law, promotion of Nazi ideology is growing in two important areas: (1) music and (2) on the Internet.
a. Skinhead music
Germany's neo-Nazis are increasingly using music to spread their message, particularly among the unemployed youth of the former communist East Germany, according to experts on extremism in Germany.
In 2004, neo-Nazis applied for permission to hold 137 concerts, mostly in the poor eastern provinces of the former East Germany. Figures released by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution show that from January to September 2005, the authorities had received 100 such requests and the "trend shows no sign of slowing down." The official added that the amount of racist audio and video material seized by German authorities had also increased.
Recently, the extreme right National Democratic Party (NPD) in Germany began using music as part of its strategy to spread racist, anti-Semitic and anti-capitalist messages to German youth by distributing thousands of free CDs in front of schools. A rap group called Dissau Crime released a song called "Zyklon D," named after the type of gas used by the Nazis in their gas chambers during the Holocaust.
The impact of these messages cannot be ignored. In 2004, the NDP claimed its first regional success when it obtained 9.2 percent of the votes in a regional election in the German state of Saxony. According to Patrick Moreau, a French researcher who studies extremist groups in Germany, "In the new states, where unemployment stands at up to 40 percent, the NPD offers the youth a haven where they feel they are among friends, where they can drink beer and listen to music….It is a slow politicization through music."3
German authorities have tried to clamp down on the spread of racist music. In 2005, the lead singer of the German extremist band "Landser" - Michael Regener – was sentenced to three years in prison for belonging to a criminal organization. In a symbolic defiance of authorities, Regener gave a performance on the evening before he was going to enter prison.
b. The Internet
The main purveyor of neo-Nazi hate speech (including music), however, is still the Internet. For music, the neo-Nazi websites offer free downloading of their antisemtic and racist songs. These sites are set up outside Germany, such as in the United States and Denmark, where their existence is not prohibited (see further discussion below).
B. France
French law does not explicitly criminalize denial of the Holocaust. Rather, "Law No 90-615 of 13 July 1990 tending to repress any racist, anti-Semitic or xenophobic acts," commonly known in France as the Gayssot Law (Loi Gayssot) after its author, makes it an offense to question the existence of "crimes against humanity" as they are defined in the Nuremberg Charter.
Article R645-1 of the French Penal Code prohibits the public display of Nazi uniforms, insignias and emblems.
In October 2006, the French National Assembly also adopted a bill making it a crime to contest that the massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 constituted genocide. The bill, yet to become law in France as of the time of this presentation, was
heavily debated both in France and abroad. In retaliation for the National Assembly's vote, Turkey suspended military relations with France. In 2007, the bill will be considered by the French Senate and then, if passed by that chamber, by French President Jacques Chirac who must sign it into law.
In October 2006, French judicial authorities opened a judicial investigation to determine whether French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen should be tried for comments denying the brutality of the Nazi occupation of France during World War II. As a result, a French investigating magistrate is presently considering whether to recommend prosecution of Le Pen for "justifying war crimes" and "complicity in contesting crimes against humanity." Le Pen has a history of making statements disparaging the Holocaust. His most infamous statement, for which he was not prosecuted, was to label the gas chambers a mere "detail of the history of World War II."
The most notoroius Holocaust denier in France, however, is Robert Faurisson, a former professor of literature at the University of Lyon. Faurisson has been prosecuted on several occasions for his public statements and publications denying the Holocaust. In 1983, Faurisson was fined and given a three month suspended sentence for "racial defamation" after making remarks on a radio show supporting Holocaust denial. In 1990, Faurisson gave an interview to a far-right magazine where he described the gas chambers as a "myth" and was thereupon charged under the Gayssot Law. He was convicted and sentenced to a 250,000 franc ($50,000) fine of which 100,000 francs ($20,000) was suspended. Faurisson appealed his conviction all the way to the European Court of Human Rights, which upheld the Gayssot Law as not being incompatible with European guarantees of freedom of expression, and dismissed Faurisson's appeal.
France was also the forum for another famous Holocaust denial-related case. In LICRA v.Yahoo! Inc., a French Jewish student group, Ligue contre le racisme et l'antisemitisme et Union des etudiants juifs de France, obtained a court order in 2000 ordering Yahoo! to modify its website so that users in France are denied access to that portion of the site listing auction sales of memorabilia from the Nazi period. The French court found that the availability of such items in France through the Internet, even though the sales were conducted in the United States, to be in violation of the French law cited above, Article R645-1, banning the public display of Nazi symbols.
Yahoo! did not appeal the French court decision but instead brought a separate action in the United States seeking to bar its application in the United States on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment. The lower court granted Yahoo!'s application, but a federal appellate court in 2006 reversed and dismissed the case on the ground that American law cannot regulate French criminal legislation when it is applied in France.
III. Eastern Europe
Western European nations are not the only ones to criminalize denial of the Holocaust. Eastern European nations after their liberation from Communism have also followed suit, but with a wrinkle. For example, in November 2006, the Estonian government approved a draft law making it a crime to display Nazi-era symbols in public. Because of its history of Soviet occupation, Estonia also added a prohibition against the public display
4 "Estonia Proposes Ban on Soviet, Nazi Symbols," European Jewish Press, Nov. 30, 2006.
of Soviet-era symbols, such as the hammer and sickle. Current legislation bans inciting hatred on the grounds of political views or ethnic or social status, but does not specifically mention symbols. The maximum penalty under the new law would be three years in prison. "It will be decided case-by-case if an act of displaying the symbols of the occupying regimes incites hatred and thus constitutes violation of the law or not," said Justice Minister Rein Lang. "Nobody is going to ban the Soviet and Nazi symbols from being used in a theatrical performance or in research."4 Historians remain divided over whether Soviet-era crimes should be equated with Nazi ones, including the Holocaust. Eastern European governments are also split over restrictions on symbols because of concerns about freedom of speech. Estonia, however, was not the first one to take the step of banning both Nazi and Communist-era symbols. Other former communist nations enacting similar bans since the fall of the Iron Curtain include Latvia, Hungary, and Poland. Latvia, Estonia's neighbor, which suffered a similar fate, has a law banning the use of both Soviet and Nazi symbols at public meetings. Hungary also bars use of the Arrow Cross symbol of its WWII pro-Nazi regime, plus the swastika, as well as Soviet symbols. Poland, one of the most serious victims of Nazi barbarity, in article 55 of the Polish Criminal Code criminalizes denial of both Nazi-era and Communist-era crimes. .
IV. European nations without laws banning denial of the Holocaust and promotion of anti-Semitic and racist
The Scandinavian countries to date have put a higher premium on free speech over criminalizing Holocaust denial or hate speech. For example, in Denmark a private radio station -- Radio Oasis -- broadcasts uncensored, right-wing extremist propaganda and does so with the support of state funds under a Danish law guaranteeing state funds for non-commercial radio and television stations. Under that law, Radio Oasis receives a yearly subsidy from the state totaling nearly 50 percent of the station's yearly expenses. Among its offerings, Radio Oasis features songs by neo-Nazi bands and messages guarding what the station perceives to be "the pure, white race of Danes."
A. Great Britain
Great Britain likewise does not criminalize Holocaust denial or the public display of Nazi symbols. When Prince Harry, for instance, appeared at a costume party wearing a Nazi uniform, he was roundly criticized for his insensitivity, but it was clear that no British laws were broken. In contrast, when years earlier a partygoer in Germany appeared wearing a Hitler mask, criminal charges were brought against him.
Despite the absence of Holocaust denial laws, Great Britain was the scene of one the most publicized legal events involving Holocaust denial. In 1996, self-described British historian David Irving brought a civil defamation suit against American professor
Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books stemming from a book on Holocaust deniers written by Lipstadt and published in 1994 by Penguin. In the book, Lipstadt named Irving as a Holocaust denier. Irving's suit claimed that the allegation damaged his reputation.
While Irving began his writing career as a mainstream historian of World War II, his views over the years became more bizarre and he began to ally himself with groups denying the Holocaust, before whom he has made numerous appearances. In 1985, Irving appeared as a defense witness in Ernst Zundel's second trial in Canada. While Irving in the past promulgated the controversial thesis that Hitler had not known about or ordered the destruction of European Jewry, at the Zundel trial he went a step further by nothing that he now was convinced that no gas chambers had been present at Auschwitz. At rally of Holocaust deniers in Calgary, Canada in 1991, Irving announced: "I don't see any reasons to be tasteful about Auschwitz. It's baloney. It's a legend. . . . I say quite tastelessly, in fact, that more women died in the back seat of Edward Kennedy's car . . . than ever died in a gas chamber at Auschwitz."
By the time Irving filed his suit against Lipstadt he was already notorious on the Holocaust denial scene. What made him different from others calling the Holocaust a lie was that he was an author whose works were published by prominent publishing houses. Despite his bizarre pronouncements, he was still viewed by some as a respected military historian. This, according to Lipstadt, made Irving "one of the most dangerous spokespersons for Holocaust denial." He was "familiar with historical evidence," she wrote in her book, and "bends it until it conforms with his ideological leanings and political agenda." Lipstadt went on to describe Irving as a "Hitler partisan wearing blinkers" and an "ardent admirer of Hitler."
After a two-month trial in London, the trial judge issued a 333-page opinion ruling decisively against Irving. The opinion concludes with the following finding:
My conclusion [is] that Irving displays all the characteristics of a Holocaust denier. He repeatedly makes assertions about the Holocaust which are offensive to Jews in their terms and unsupported by or contrary to the historical record…. Irving has for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence; that for the same reasons he has portrayed Hitler in an unwarrantedly favourable light, principally in relation to his attitude towards and responsibility for the treatment of the Jews; that he is an active Holocaust denier; that he is anti-Semitic and racist and that he associates with right wing extremists who promote neo-Nazism.
In February, 2006, Irving was jailed in Austria for three years for Holocaust denial. His arrest and trial were based on speeches he made in Austria during a 1989 visit and lecture series when he stated there were no gas chambers at Auschwitz and no extermination camps in the Third Reich. He also called Adolf Hitler a protector of Europe's Jews. During his trial, Irving claimed that he had again changed his views on gas chambers. He
told the judge that he is now convinced, contrary to his earlier assertions in the London defamation trial, at the Zundel trial and in 1989, that gas chambers did in fact exist. However, he continued to doubt the figure of 6 million Jews killed. The Austrian judge nevertheless found him guilty of violating Austrian law. As of this presentation, he is still in prison and appealing his conviction.
V. North America
A. Canada
Section 281 of the Canadian federal criminal code prohibits the promotion of hatred against any "identifiable group," but the statute is notoriously difficult to prosecute. For this reason, for example, it was not used against Ernst Zundel during his trials in Canada. The previous discussion noted the difficulty of trying someone for Holocaust denial in Canada in light of the decision of the Canadian Supreme Court that laws attempting to criminalize such denial are incompatible with Canadian guarantees of free speech.
B. The United States
Broad interpretation by the U.S. Supreme Court of the First Amendment guarantees in its constitution has made denial of the Holocaust, promotion of Nazi ideology and dissemination of racist and anti-Semitic speech completely legal under American law.
As a result, most of the Internet websites with neo-Nazi content originate in the United States but are available to anyone in the world with access to the Internet.
One of the most infamous cases confirming this right was the march by the neo-Nazis in the 1970's in the Chicago neighborhood of Skokie, home to many Holocaust survivors. The organizers specifically chose Skokie because of the large survivor population. Despite governmental attempts to stop the march as an affront to the dignity to the survivors and the trauma to be inflicted upon them of seeing Nazis march in their neighborhood, the federal courts allowed the march to proceed.
NGOs in the U.S., such as the ACLU, vigorously defend neo-Nazis whenever their activities are aimed to be curtailed, and the ACLU has been heavily criticized for its work on behalf of neo-Nazis. The ACLU's response is that it will defend anyone's right to free speech, whatever their political affiliation and regardless of the vile content of the speech, since the ACLU only represents one client: The First Amendment.
Since the First Amendment allows Holocaust deniers to disseminate their views with impunity, notorious deniers have found safe refuge in the United States. Ernst Zundel temporarily lived in the United States until he was deported back to Canada for visa violations. In April 2004, an international conference of Holocaust deniers and neo-Nazis convened in honor of Zundel was held in Sacramento.
Home-grown deniers also abound in the United States. Arthur Butz, an engineering professor at Northwestern University in Chicago, has for many years issued texts denying
5 "Ahmadinejad: Holocaust a myth," AlJazeera.net, March 16, 2006, available at http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17019.
the Holocaust, including the book The Hoax of the Twentieth Century. The scholarly-sounding Institute of Historical Review, based in Southern California, likewise freely disseminates materials both in print and on the Internet denying the Holocaust. Its website reproduces the entire text of the booklet Did Six Million Really Die? by British Holocaust denier Richard Verrall, (written under the pseudonym Richard E. Harwood), and published by Ernst Zndel in 1974.
VI. Muslim World
While every part of the world seems to have some individual or group espousing Holocaust denial – Australia, for example, has Frederick Toben and his scholarly-sounding Adelaide Institute –a major region from where Holocaust denial is regularly emanated is the Muslim world.
This includes Holocaust denial not only coming from countries with majority Muslim populations like the Arab states, Iran, Indonesia and Malaysia, but also pronouncements from Muslim leaders in the West. In July 2006, Sheikh Taj Aldin Alhilali, the mufti of Australia and a member of Prime Minister John Howard's Muslim Community Reference Group, dismissed the Holocaust as a "Zionist lie" in a series of fiery sermons.
Muslim-majority countries, however, seem to have the most frequent and most consistent pattern of Holocaust denial pronouncements, using statements first made by Holocaust deniers in the West. The most frequent assertion questions the number of Jews killed during World War II, and books such as The Hoax of the Twentieth Century and Did Six Million Really Die? have been translated into Arabic and are widely sold.
In 2005, the rhetoric acquired a new spokesperson: Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. In a speech made that December, Ahmadinejad labeled the Holocaust a "myth" and a "fairy tale." In a March 2006 speech he again denied the Holocaust, adding this time:
They have fabricated a legend under the name Massacre of the Jews, and they hold it higher than God himself, religion itself and the prophets themselves. If somebody in their country questions God, nobody says anything, but if somebody denies the myth of the massacre of Jews, the Zionist loudspeakers and the governments in the pay of Zionism will start to scream.5
These statements, coming in the aftermath of his earlier statement in October 2005 calling for Israel to be "wiped off the map" caused a large outry in the West, with political leaders and parties loudly condemming Ahmadinejad's remarks.
6 "Israeli Muslim to take on Holocaust denial at Iran conference," International Herald Tribune, November 17, 2006.
Ahmadinejad's speeches were followed by a Holocaust cartoon contest held in Tehran seeking to mock the Holocaust. The contest, launched by an Iranian newspaper, was publicized as a response to the Danish cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad that sparked rage among Muslims worldwide.
On December 11, 2006, Iran held a a conference questioning the Holocaust. As reported by the International Herald Tribune, set to attend the conference was an Israeli Arab Muslim lawyer from Nazareth, Khaled Kasab Mahameed, who aimed to directly confront the phenomena of Muslim Holocaust denial. According to Mahameed,
Instead of trying to understand the Holocaust and learn something from it, they choose to deny it. . . . I'm going to tell them that there is no argument about the facts, and that they must try to understand how the Holocaust has shaped the positions of the Jews, of Europe, of America. I will tell them they must internalize its meaning and not say it didn't happen.6
Iran refused Mahameed a visa to present his point of view. The speaker of rosters did include former American Klan leader David Duke, French Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson and Australian denier Frederick Toben.
The Tehran conference was roundly condemned worldwide. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan announced that he deplores any conference that sought to cast doubt on the reality of the Holocaust. The European Union's top justice official described the conference as "an unacceptable affront" to victims of the World War II genocide. British Prime Minister Tony Blair denounced it as "shocking beyond belief." French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy called the conference "quite simply not acceptable." German Chancellor Angela Merkel said her country repudiated it "with all our strength. . . ."We absolutely reject this. Germany will never accept this and will act against it with all the means that we have." The last statement is particularly important, since it came from the nation most responsible for the Holocaust.
VII. Which way is best?
Proponents of vigorous prosecution of neo-Nazis, racist and Holocaust deniers argue that such laws and their strict enforcement is necessary to prevent the reemergence of Nazism, which, in a repeat of the events in pre-war Germany, is particularly attractive to individuals living in countries where unemployment and social dissatisfaction is high. Transitional societies are particularly vulnerable, and the post-Communist societies face the most acute problems. For example, even though 20 million Soviets perished during World War II following the Nazi invasion of 1941, neo-Nazi groups are rampant in today's Russia and especially attractive to the disaffected youth.
7 "Armenia Hails French Genocide Vote Amid Turkish Fury," ArmeniaLiberty.org, October 12, 2006, available at http://www.armenialiberty.org.
8 Garin K. Hovanissian, "The Folly of Jailing Genocide Deniers," Christian Science Monitor, November 6, 2006.
9 Cited and quoted by the ADL in http://www.adl.org/learn/Ext_US/zundel.asp?xpicked=2&item=zundel.
Referring both to denial of the Holocaust and the Armenian genocide, Hilda Tchoboian, president of the European Armenian Federation, explained that "the hydra of denial is a tumor on freedom of expression."7
Supporters of Holocaust denial laws also contend that these laws are necessary more than ever as the number of Holocaust survivors, eyewitnesses to the events, dwindles and the events recede into history. As a result, supporters contend, denial of the Holocaust is growing and such views are becoming more mainstream. Such supporters even argue for expansion of such laws to criminalize trans-border dissemination through the Internet, since the reach of Holocaust denier message in the current era of globalization has increased exponentially.
Opponents argue that such laws are incompatible with a democratic society. The hallmark of a true democracy, they argue, is not just protection of speech one agrees with but speech is which most hateful and despicable.
Like proponents, those opposed to such laws also make use of the slippery slope argument by contenting that criminal prosecution of Holocaust deniers, neo-Nazis and other racists can lead to prosecution of more benign activities and speech. Armenian-American student activist Garin K. Hovannisian, in direct response to Hilda Tchoboian's statement above, argues:
Genocide denial might be a tumor on truth, memory, or even human dignity, but it's not even a pimple on the freedom of expression. It's an exercise - however false or disgusting - of that freedom,. . .A government that has the power to punish lies also has the power to punish truth (consider Turkey's law that punishes those who denigrate "Turkishness") and, really, to punish anything it pleases.8
Some critics oppose such laws on practical grounds, arguing that prosecution of such individuals gives them a forum to disseminate their vile views and, since such trials are covered by the media, tons of free publicity.
For example, in the aftermath of his 1985 conviction in Canada, Zundel appeared for sentencing in black-face (indicating that white men could not receive justice in Canada), and carrying a cross, also inscribed with a "Freedom of Speech" motto. At a well-covered news conference, Zundel noted that the trial "cost me $40,000 in lost work -- but I got $1 million worth of publicity for my cause. It was well worth it."9
10 As explained by Justice O'Connor: "The First Amendment permits Virginia to outlaw cross burnings done with the intent to intimidate because burning a cross is a particularly virulent form of intimidation. Instead of prohibiting all intimidating messages, Virginia may choose to regulate this subset of intimidating messages in light of cross burning's long and pernicious history as a signal of impending violence. A ban on cross burning carried out with the intent to intimidate is fully consistent with the [Supreme] Court's earlier holding[s]" (quoting from summary of the opinion).
Deborah Lipstadt, in reaction the jailing of David Irving in Austria, explained that even though she abhors Irving's message, she is opposed to his imprisonment since it makes him, in some eyes, a hero of free speech and a martyr to fellow deniers.
Ultimately, such laws must be examined in their context. In the United States, the display of Nazi symbols may not need to be criminalized since the Holocaust did not take place on American soil. However, public display of a hate symbol exclusive to the United States – cross burning – can in certain instances be criminalized,10 according to a 2003 decision of the U.S Supreme Court (Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003)), because of the potent symbol which a burning cross has played in the persecution of African-Americans since the end of the American Civil War and abolition of slavery.
2 Section 177 of the Criminal Code of Canada punishes individuals for "knowingly publishing false news."
3 "Neo-Nazis Spreading Message and Recruiting Through Music," Deutsche Welle, December 12, 2005, available at < http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1827739,00.html>.
von Oppenheim Research Fellow
International Institute for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem
Professor of Law, Whittier Law School, California, USA
www.michaelbazyler.com


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Park at his desk stacked with piles of paper several feet high. Photographs courtesy Seoul Metropolitan Government
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The workspace of the mayor of Seoul, Park Won Soon, is full of stories which reflect his distinct political ideology and personal idiosyncrasies
Park Won SoonSeoulHead OfficeAparna Piramal RajeWorkplace
I visited a most peculiar—and the most interesting—office so far in this series. It contained a kitchen garden, furniture made from recycled wood, disjointed bookshelves, a patchwork wall of Post-it notes and various columns of paper stacked several feet high. Its inhabitant is not an eccentric academic, as one might assume, but someone holding a powerful political position in his country. Meet Park Won Soon, the 57-year-old mayor of Seoul, a grassroots anti-corruption activist and former human rights lawyer, who contested and won the mayoral election as an independent candidate in October 2011.
The unusual workspace captures Park's distinct political ideology, his personal charisma and idiosyncrasies—some of which underline my reasons for visiting South Korea. I was in Seoul to speak at a conference on social innovation and cities, co-hosted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the Social Innovation Exchange, a global non-profit network of thinkers and doers in the social sphere.
Post-it notes with suggestions and requests from citizens
Each item in Park's office has a story. The handwritten Post-it notes at the entrance are specific requests and suggestions by citizens urging him to "build more playgrounds" or "create more jobs", for example.
Park received them during his election campaign and inauguration; they are consistent with Park's campaign slogan that "Citizens are the mayor". They also serve as a daily reminder of the need to focus on "the small and the trivial things in citizens' everyday lives", he says, rather than big-budget projects which add to the city's deficit and do not improve everyday life for all. He adds: " I want to start with small but definitive change; the big picture is too abstract." Better pavement construction; eco-friendly, free school lunches; and more public rental housing are personal milestones for Park.
A kitchen garden in one corner of his office
The creative symbolism extends to his office furniture. A wedge of bookshelves is artfully inserted between two deliberately slanted cabinets to join them. The slanted shelves represent social gaps "between rich and poor, the left and the right, elderly and young. My vision is to be a bridge", explains Park. Elsewhere, a meeting table is made of recycled wood by a carpenter from a social enterprise, who sourced and re-fashioned material from old wardrobes, shoeshelves and drawers into a table.
A wedge of bookshelves artfully inserted between two deliberately slanted cabinets to join them
Personalized artworks proliferate on every available surface—a cartoon showing Park growing older, a children's drawing of Seoul, a small poster with "Big Ear leadership", highlighting his desire to be perceived as a leader who listens to his constituents, and a cardboard placard with "Social Designer" on it—an unusual epithet.
Park likes to think of himself as a "social innovator"—or someone who uses creativity, empathy and insight to generate user-driven, innovative solutions to tricky social challenges. "The answer is always at the site of the problem," he says, adding that he spends many hours travelling on local trains or visiting public housing projects to understand the citizens' challenges himself, in the same way as professional designers dig deep to understand user needs when trying to come up with new products or services.
A cardboard placard saying 'Social Designer'
I've been to several creative workspaces over the years, but never have I met someone who has so deliberately—and cost-effectively— leveraged his office as a personalized communication tool with his target audience. Park's offbeat workspace might warrant scepticism about his governance approach. The symbolism in his office might even seem gimmicky or self-promotional.
But, he's on to something: the citizen-oriented ideology has made him popular with constituents. Even the few businesspeople I spoke to in Seoul, who point out that he's not as focused on business as his predecessors, concede that he is doing good work for the city.
Citizens, communities and institutions
A piece of furniture made with recycled wood.
"I'm always trying to invite citizens to participate in the process of public decision-making. That's the reason why I'm trying to establish various institutions," says Park. These institutions include the People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy, an anti-corruption movement started by Park in 1994; The Beautiful Store, a second-hand goods retailer started in 2002; and The Hope Institute, a think-and-do tank focused on social challenges set up in 2006.
Lessons from Seoul
So what insight does this rather quirky mayor in a highly developed city, several thousand kilometres away, have to offer us?
First, Park's approach to democracy can be replicated in other countries, by other players. In fact, US President Barack Obama's path to power is similar—grass-roots activism, community mobilization and public life experience as a lawyer.
Park's success seems to lie in his ability to build and scale institutions, and thus mobilize people and resources in effective ways. Along the way, he has been quick to adopt new ideas and tools such as social innovation or social media, which help him remain connected, and relevant, to a younger audience.
A cartoon shoiwing Park growing older
Third, and the most basic conclusion: cities need someone to run them, whom citizens can hold accountable. The Seoul city administration claims, on its website, that it is currently pursuing 286 projects, straddling all the usual important issues such as transport, education, health and energy, among others. Park says he has asked all his staff to make data available to the public. "Transparency increases credibility and accountability," he insists. Just these tenets could be a good beginning in thinking about how we shape our cities.
Aparna Piramal Raje meets heads of organizations every month to investigate the connections between their workspace design and working styles.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Member State Monitor » Italy's Populist Cabinet Ends Austerity, Boosts Budget Deficit despite EU Warnings
28/09/2018 - By European Views Member State Monitor
Italy's Populist Cabinet Ends Austerity, Boosts Budget Deficit despite EU Warnings
Italy's populist Cabinet of the leftist Five Star Movement and the far right League agreed on Thursday to end austerity policies by going for an annual budget deficit of 2.4% of the country's GDP over the next three years.
Italy has the second biggest government debt (as a percentage of the GDP) in the Eurozone after Greece, presently standing at 131% of its GDP, and the EU institutions have been warning the country against allowing steeper budget deficits.
The previous center-left Cabinet of Italy had projected an annual budget deficit of 0.8% of the GDP for 2019, 2020, and 2021; the populist government, however, has now upped that to 2.4%.
"We're satisfied, this is the budget of change," Italy's two Deputy Prime Ministers Luigi Di Maio and Matteo Salvini, leaders of the Five Star Movement and the League, respectively, said in a joint statement, as cited by AFP and The Local Italy.
Di Maio and Salvini have thus prevailed at the last minute over Italy's Finance Minister Giovanni Tria, an independent who had insisted on smaller annual budget deficits at 1.6%.
Before the agreement, there were rumors that he would be forced into resignation if he resisted the demands of the Cabinet's political leaders.
The developments in Italy had been watched closely as it had been unknown for a while if what is seen as the EU's first anti-establishment government would defy Brussels and put an end to austerity in order to procure funding to fulfill the election promises of the coalition partners.
Nonetheless, Italy's populists still remain below the 3% deficit threshold set by Brussels.
"Today is a historic day! Today Italy changes! For the first time the state is on the people's side. For the first time it is not taking away, but giving," Di Maio said in a message on Facebook.
"For the first time in the history of this country [the budge] will eradicate poverty", he added.
The flagship pledge of the Five Star Movement in the March 2018 elections was for a basic income of EUR 780 for the unemployed and those on low wages. EUR 10 billion are now earmarked for this purpose in the first annual state budget of the populist government.
"We'll explain to the markets that there are so many investments we can do with this 2.4 percent that we'll be able to make the economy grow as we wish," the populist leader said.
His far-right counterpart Salvini said Italy's 2019 budget would lower taxes by 15% for over one million Italian workers and free up around 400,000 jobs for the young by enabling people to retire earlier, and all that withing hiking the VAT.
Italy's 2019 draft budget is supposed to be submitted to the European Commission by October 15, 2018. It is expected to become a matter of prolonged talks between Rome and Brussels.
Italy's economy is forecast to grow by 1% in 2019 by the Bank of Italy and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), while the European Commission projects 1.1%.
(Banner image: Luigi di Maio on Twitter)
austerity budget deficit European Commission far right Five Star Movement (M5S) Five Stars Movement Giovanni Tria Italy Luigi Di Maio Matteo Salvini populist the League universal basic income
16.01.2020 - By Antoinette Ismail
Job creation topped the agenda on the second full day of campaigning in Ireland's general election. Irish Prime Minister, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, called the election date for Saturday February 8th on
The trial for the high-profile assassination of Slovak investigative journalist Jan Kuciak and his fiancée Martina Kušnírová in 2018 has begun with the murder suspect confessing to the
Robert Abela has become the new Prime Minister of Malta after Joseph Muscat's resignation over protests for the inconclusive investigation of the assassination of investigative journalist Daphne Caruana


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Die Krazy Mess Groovers (kurz: KMG's) sind eine belgische Band.

Sechs der zehn Mitglieder vertraten Belgien beim Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki:
 Sexyfire (Wakas Ashiq)
 Mr. Scotch (Piotr Paluch)
 Mr. French Kiss (Raphael Hallez)
 Bigboss (Tuan N' Guyen)
 Lady Soulflower (Chrystel Wautier)
 Mr. Cream (Francois Cremer)

Die weiteren Mitglieder sind:
 The Answer
 Mr. DeeBeeDeeBob
 Captain Thunder
 Mr. Y

Die Gruppe wurde von RTBF intern ausgewählt, Belgien zu vertreten. Beim Wettbewerb mussten sie im Semifinale starten, da Kate Ryan 2006 auch im Semifinale scheiterte. Dort erreichten die KMG's nur den enttäuschenden drittletzten Platz (26. Platz von 28), sodass Ishtar 2008 auch durchs Semifinale mussten.

Quellen

Weblinks
 Website

Interpret eines belgischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Popband
Belgische Band

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Catla is the only fish of the Gibelion genus from the carp family of Cyprindae. It has three scientific names — the Gibelion catla, Cyprinus catla and catla catla. In its native India it is often referred to as the Bhakur. Other countries the fish is native to include Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. The catla can grow to be 6 feet in length and weigh up to 38 kg. It has oddly large scales and a very long pectoral fin. The entirety of the body is dark gray/green. Its most recognizable feature is its large lower jaw which forces its lower lip to be upturned, covering its mouth. It is harmless to humans.
In the wild, this freshwater fish is only found in rivers, lakes and ponds. It is omnivorous and will eat insects, plankton and any other assorted biological material that is floating on the surface of the water. It is mostly a surface-dwelling fish, and prefers very warm waters in the 64 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit range. During monsoon season, usually May until August depending on the region, the fish will partake in its spawning migration, moving towards shallow waters.
The fish is a popular food fish in India, and has been introduced to ponds and other bodies of water for farming purposes. Many times it is introduced in fish farms with multiple carp species, as it eats the organic material that floats on the surface of the water that most other fish will not. The fish is usually harvested when it weighs 1 to 2 kg.
After it is purchased the fish can be prepared in any number of ways, and it often fried or baked, mixed in with vegetables and other foods. Compared to many other types of fish in India it is very cheap and plentiful, but the market for exporting it to other countries and regions is slim because of the costs involved with moving large quantities of freshly caught fish. Because of this it is not often exported to other countries outside of India.
Populations of catla are very large throughout India and every country it is native to. Despite this it is rarely caught by sports fishermen. Large catches are even rarer, making the fish a prized and sought-after catch for many sport fishermen who visit the area looking for unusual and one-of-a-kind catches.
Recipes using catla fish see Here and Here.


The Bank Hotel is a new three star hotel in the center of Amsterdam. Housed in an historic bank building at the Haarlemmerstraat, it has an availability of 20 rooms.
The hotel is located at about five minutes walk from the Central Station where all the trams, buses, subway and tour coaches depart to every corner of the city. Many hot spots are within walking distance, including the Jordaan, Dam Square, the canals and many shops, museums and restaurants.
The Haarlemmerstraat, where the hotel is located, was voted in 2007 and now again in 2012 as the "best shopping street" in the Netherlands by the trendsetting NLStreets.
The view from the rooms at the front gives you a typical Amsterdam image. The penthouse has a magnificent view over the city.


Drain the ball mozzarella. Chop the fresh tarragon or mint.
1 Cook the beans in boiling salted water for 2-3 minutes, until just tender. Drain and refresh under cold running water, then arrange on a serving platter with the pea shoots.
2 Roughly tear the mozzarella and scatter on top. To make the dressing, whisk the remaining ingredients together, season and drizzle over the salad.


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Genesis Shine Butler,
nominated by Dress for Success
By: Amy Huwel
"What's in a name?" Names have power; they can inspire and transform. Native American tradition dictates that names should be given with the intent to promote change throughout life. Growing into a given name is the initiation of a journey.
Journey, then, with a young woman whose adolescent and teen years were spent in foster care. The fluctuating environments and family structures clouded her identity, but the desire to grow and to own her name — Genesis Shine — remained constant.
Butler's path toward self-discovery was winding and convoluted. By the time she was 19, she was a single mother juggling school and work. As many women do, she put herself and her needs last. Without a solid sense of self and no "destination" in mind, she hit rock bottom: no income, no home, and little hope for the future. The name, as well as the woman, needed to be resurrected.
"[Figuratively speaking,] I always filled up the space around me more than other people did, and I thought I had to tame my 'muchness.' I [began to] realize the need to present myself as I truly am. In order for us to be great, as women, we must present our most powerful selves, and there is power in being your authentic self."
Embracing the right and the need to rediscover herself, Butler enrolled at Columbus State with the goal of a Communications Advocacy degree. Genesis — a new beginning, a fresh start — a conscious claiming of individuality with a pointed vision to support ALL women in their pursuit of self. "There is talk about the footprint we leave on the environment, the physical world, but we need to be mindful of the footprint we leave on each other … People need to understand their commonalities. We are more alike than different, and my power does not take away from yours."
This desire to see all women succeed while celebrating each's singularity led Butler to become involved with Dress for Success, a nonprofit organization that seeks to empower women to achieve economic independence by providing a network of support, professional attire, and development tools to help them thrive in work and in life. She is currently reclaiming her "Shine" while working hand-in-hand with Tracy Harrison, the organization's vice-president, to bring Dress for Success to Columbus State so more young women can benefit from its mission. Harrison says, "Genesis brings a contagious level of energy to the things she is passionate about. She is quick to recognize an opportunity and is willing to do the hard work to make that opportunity available to everyone. She is our biggest advocate at Columbus State." As a result of her endeavors, they recently hosted a women's brunch to kick off HERstory Month and are offering workshops to help with job readiness, interview preparation, and to teach women how to recognize and assert their worth in the workplace.
Butler laughs as she says, "I want to Martin Luther King the world! People call me an advocate, but I am just being myself and speaking up."
So, what's in a name? Native American wisdom says that one's name should remind her of "us," not "me," and that her identity consists of what she gives, not what she takes. If she was ever lost on the journey, Genesis Shine Butler is no more; her name is no longer simply given, but earned.
If you could change one thing in the world what would it be?
" I would make people feel more responsible for each other."
What is the most important piece of advice you would share
with a young woman growing up today?
"Fear of self-worth is the greatest barrier to your success."
"You have to act as if it were possible to radically transform the world. And you have to do it all the time." ~ Angela Davis
Dress for Success Columbus promotes the economic independence of women in need by providing professional attire, a network of support, and the career development tools to help women thrive in work and in life. All programs are free of charge for every woman we assist. Any woman referred by a community partner is eligible for service. With the community's support, since opening our doors in 2007, we're honored to have empowered over 7,000 women to achieve their potential in Central Ohio!
learn how you can involved in this wonderful organization
Help women here by helping women there
We will donate 15% of every purchase to a local non-profit like Dress for Success
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thekitchencolumbus.com
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15% of every purchase goes to a local women's cause.


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ASX:LCL
Metminco has quality suite of assets and cash for further development
Having commenced diamond drilling at its Tesorito gold prospect in the Quinchia district of Colombia in June, Metminco (ASX:MNC | LON:MNC) looks to be progressing nicely.
MNC has rights to several highly prospective exploration prospects and targets around Quinchia in Colombia's Cauca Belt.
This region is host to several large gold resources including AngloGold Ashanti's 28.5 million ounce La Colosa deposit and Gran Colombia's 8.6 million ounce Marmato deposit.
The company already has a project that has been the subject of a definitive feasibility study (DFS) which has determined that a 45,000 ounce per annum/9.5 year project could be undertaken.
Importantly, all in sustaining costs indicate that such a project would be positioned in the lowest quartile, leaving strong margins relative to the current gold price and resilience should weakness occur.
However the gold price is a moveable thing and interested investors should take all publicly available information into account before making an investment decision.
Drilling aims to expand known gold system
With regards to Tesorito, the 1500 metre exploration program is designed to confirm and expand the gold-copper porphyry style mineral system previously intersected by another operator.
This included one hole featuring 384 metres at 1.1 g/t gold from surface to end-of-hole.
Results from previous drilling are as follows.
The exploration program will also test a previously undrilled geophysical anomaly located approximately 300 metres to the north-west of TS-DH-02 as indicated below.
Management believes there is the prospect of encountering increasing copper mineralisation at depth.
Assay results from the diamond drilling at Tesorito are expected in August 2018, and based on management's assessment of the type of mineralisation and survey data, the results could bring the company under the microscope.
Tesorito largely underexplored
While the data available in relation to Tesorito was enough to attract Metminco's interest, the area is largely underexplored.
Given that the broader Quinchia portfolio is in a district known for its high grade gold/silver systems, the company could possibly be onto another La Colosa -type deposit.
More specifically, the mines are located within the same structural trend as La Colosa and Marmato, being the mid-Cauca porphyry gold belt.
It is worth noting that this isn't just a broad-based nearology play.
As indicated below, the Quinchia portfolio is only six kilometres south of Marmato.
Established mineral resource on acquisition
The background behind Metminco gaining ownership of the Quinchia portfolio is somewhat complex but interesting.
The company completed the purchase of Minera Seafiled SAS from RMB Australia Holdings Ltd on June 20, 2016.
Minera Seafield, now Miraflores Compania Minera SAS (MCM) owns 100% of the Quinchia Gold Project where a mineral resource of 2.8 million ounces of gold had been estimated.
The Quinchia Portfolio covers about 6000 hectares of granted concessions and an additional 3800 hectares of pending applications.
As indicated above, several deposits and exploration targets have been identified including Miraflores, Dosquebradas and Tesorito.
Dosquebradas has an inferred resource of 920,000 ounces at 0.5 g/t gold, but Miraflores has had the most work done in terms of crunching the numbers to bring it into production.
Miraflores shows promise in terms of increasing resource
A feasibility study completed in October 2017 established a proven and probable reserve estimate at Miraflores of 4.32 million tonnes at 3.3 g/t gold for 457,000 ounces of gold.
The resource estimate is 9.27 million tonnes measured and indicated at 2.8 g/t gold and 2.8 g/t silver for 840,000 ounces of gold.
A DFS completed in late 2017 determined that a 45,000 ounce per annum operation could be established with a mine life of 9.5 years.
All in sustaining cost estimates of US$643 per ounce leave a healthy margin of about US$630 per ounce based on the current gold price.
This equates to about $850 per ounce in Australian currency terms.
Option agreement with AngloGold Ashanti is a bonus
Metminco also has an option over Chuscal, a large undrilled 0.5 g/t gold geochemical anomaly where artisanal mining has demonstrated highly encouraging channel sample grades.
It is only 1.5 kilometres south of Tesarito, and management is negotiating exercise of the option with AngloGold Ashanti.
The $3.4 billion capped AngloGold Ashanti, the US$20.6 billion-capped Newmont Mining Corp (NYSE:NEM), and US$3.6 billion IAMGOLD (TSX:IMG) each have operations in Colombia which you can read more about in the Next Small Cap article: Cashed Up Micro-Cap Hunts for Gold in Colombia.
Cashed up to embark on exploration campaign
Metminco raised about $5.6 million before costs in April leaving the group with circa $3 million to fund its exploration initiatives.
This will provide the funds required to investigate other highly prospective targets.
Given that 30 per cent of the company's market capitalisation is accounted for in cash, Metminco could be considered as due for a rerating.
It isn't difficult to see $6 million in value in the company's assets, particularly given the after-tax net present value (NPV) of US$72 million attributed to Miraflores in the DFS.
Although the company does remain a speculative stock and investors should seek professional financial advice if considering this stock for their portfolio.
The completion of an environmental impact assessment and permitting will continue throughout 2018, and consideration will be given regarding higher grade opportunities that would enhance the NPV.
The company's balance sheet could be further strengthened by the divestment of non-core projects in Chile.
GOLD EXPLORATION


Cook garlic in 1/4 cup olive oil in a wide 4 to 6-quart heavy pot over moderate heat, stirring occasionally, until pale golden, about 1 minute.
Add mushrooms, rosemary, sugar, salt, and pepper and cook, stirring occasionally, until mushrooms are tender, 4 to 6 minutes (liquid will not have evaporated).
Force tomatoes with their juice through food mill (if using), adding to mushrooms in pot.
Stir sauce and bring to a boil, then boil, stirring occasionally, until thickened, 15 to 20 minutes.
While sauce is boiling, cook pasta in a 6 to 8-quart pot of boiling salted water until 'al dente', then drain in a colander.
Add pasta to sauce along with cheese and remaining tablespoon olive oil, then toss over moderate heat until well coated, about 1 minute.
Serve immediately with additional cheese. Makes 4 main-course servings.


All Outside the Box talks are free with Museum admission, but attendance is limited. Please RSVP here for more information and to reserve a spot in the program.
Corey D'Augustine is a conservator of modern and contemporary art and a technical art historian. He regularly works for the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, and lectures on art history and art conservation at New York University, Pratt Institute, the City College of New York, Sotheby's Institute of Art, and the Museum of Modern Art, New York. He is a specialist in American and European post-war art and his research interests include twentieth-century painting materials and techniques and the conservation of monochrome paintings.


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Q: Error when installing Ubuntu 14.04 with GTX 970 I recently tried to install Ubuntu 14.04 on my home computer.
I downloaded the ISO and loaded it onto a compatible USB.
However I get errors when I try to boot Ubuntu.
After browsing this forum I decided that it was probably an incompatibility with my GTX970.
I got nouveau errors, which was fixed by replacing "quiet splash" in the Linux boot line with "text". I found this solution on another post. It only created a new page of errors.
Can anyone please help me to install Ubuntu?

A: Boot from the USB.

*

*Highlight "Try Ubuntu without installing".

*Press the E key.

*Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.

*Press the F10 key to boot into the Live desktop.

Perform the installation.
When the Ubuntu system installation process is finished,
unplug the USB and boot into the installed Ubuntu OS.

*

*Highlight the "Ubuntu" GRUB menu entry.

*Press the E key.

*Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.

*Press the F10 key to boot into the Ubuntu system.

First of all ... install the NVIDIA drivers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dubai has some of the most iconic and interesting structures in the world. From the impressive skyscrapers, palm tree shaped islands and stunning man-made lagoon, this is truly a city of beauty. Walking through the streets of Dubai is absolutely fascinating, but sometimes you have to remove yourself from the thick of it to really see this city shine. Whether you want to enjoy a refreshing cocktail from the top of a skyscraper, see 360-degree views from a rooftop pool, dine in a breathtaking wildlife sanctuary, look out at the Dubai skyline or soar thousands of feet above the city, we've got a list of the very best views in Dubai for you to ogle at.
This sleek jungle of glass and chrome offers some of the very best views in Dubai no matter what time of day you choose to visit. As the name suggests, Level 43 Sky Lounge is an open-air terrace that sits an impressive 43 floors above the bustling Sheikh Zayed Road, giving some of the most dazzling 360-degree views of Dubai's downtown. By day, this lounge operates as a rooftop pool, where people can marvel at the scenery, soak up some sun and enjoy a cocktail or two. By night, the terrace transforms into an ultra-modern sushi bar that looks out over the glittering city lights.
Apart from the stunning views, our favorite thing about Level 43 Sky Lounge is that they have a happy hour every day between 6 and 8pm, so you can sip on a refreshing cocktail and watch the sunset over Dubai.
Standing an impressive 2, 722 ft. tall, the Burj Khalifa is the tallest man-made structure in the world, so it's no surprise that it offers some of the most breathtaking views in the city. Take a minute-long elevator ride up to the 125th floor and walk out onto one of the most impressive observation decks in the world. Not only will you be rewarded with panoramic views of Dubai below, but there are also HD telescopes and special cameras that will 'zoom' you into everything happening below.
The latest addition to the Burj Khalifa is the Falcon Eye's View exhibit, that will 'fly' you over to some of the most famous landmarks and attractions in the city. This gigantic building doesn't only offer some of the best views in Dubai, but it's also one of the best places to learn about this fascinating city and its skyline.
From the outside, you wouldn't think that this two-story restaurant would make it to our list of places to see the best views in Dubai, but once inside, everything becomes clear. The Turkish Village Restaurant is located on Jumeirah Beach, which means when you are on the sprawling outdoor terraces, you can see the most jaw-dropping views of Dubai's skyline across the water.
Sample some of the most delicious traditional Turkish dishes in the city, while enjoying the unique panorama and lagoon views. We recommend you try their mezze platters, they are famed throughout the Jumeirah district.
Next on our list of where to see the best views in Dubai is a little less of a place, and more of an experience. What better way to see a city than by soaring above it? There are many Seaplane tours available in Dubai, but we recommend using Seawings. They offer a 40-minute flight that will take you swooping over all of the city's most iconic landmarks from the Burj Al Arab, Dubai Creek, Burj Khalifa, and the World Islands.
Seawing also offers special packages for children, so it's an adventure the entire family can enjoy together. Taking a Seaplane tour is not only one of the best ways to see the most breathtaking views of Dubai, but it's also a once in a lifetime experience you'll never forget.
The Terrace Bar takes us away from the bustling city and large skyscrapers, to more serene and natural surroundings. Located on the Dubai Creek Harbour, this picturesque bar offers views that you can't find anywhere else in the city. Surrounded by the Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary, The Terrace offers some of the best views of the local wildlife and lagoon. With over 450 different animal species living in the sanctuary, you can sip on an exotic cocktail while watching a flock of flamingos dance across the water or a regal heron saunter along the shoreline. As the sun sets over the water, you can also see the Dubai skyline in the distance, twinkling away into the night.


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Colwood woman earns bursary from Odd Fellows
Ellen Martin presented with Frank Wallace Memorial bursary
Oct. 30, 2014 7:00 p.m.
The International Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), celebrating its 150th anniversary in Victoria this year, has awarded bursaries to help four talented and deserving students pursue their educational goals.
The scholarships are worth $700 to each student for enrolment expenses.
The Frank Wallace Memorial Bursary was awarded to Ellen Martin from Colwood who is studying arts and sciences at Camosun College with an interest in veterinary sciences.
The Richard White Memorial Bursary went to Kaeli Sort from Esquimalt who is a fourth-year University of Victoria student studying child and youth care.
And the Jessie Cormack Memorial Bursary was awarded to Jessica Waddell from Victoria who will be attending the Canadian Institute of Chinese Medicine in Calgary.
An additional bursary was given to Molly Jane Grant from Fernwood. Grant has completed her bachelor degree at University of Victoria and will be getting her master's in Media Arts at the University of B.C.
The bursaries are made possible through the joint efforts of the IOOF, Victoria Lodge No. 1, Unity Rebekah Lodge No. 145 and Columbia Lodge No. 2.
West Shore poppy campaign needs volunteers
Flu season may be early this year


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Last Night's Action: Nets In, Knicks Out
Tom Boorstein
Modified Mar 7, 2008
Nets 100, Knicks 86: Jason Kidd and Richard Jefferson combined to put the Nets in the playoffs while putting the Knicks in the realm of the draft lottery. No team that can't finish the season above .500 should be that proud of its year, but the Nets can take solace in knowing they'll get to play in the second season. On the other hand, no Knicks player should be happy his team improved from last year. How hard was that to do? Besides, the utter tank job at the end of this season has taken the shine off the relative success. Don't be surprised if this is the high watermark for the Knicks over the next few seasons.
Mets 3, Nationals 2: Beating the Nationals these days is like taking candy from a baby. The Mets probably entered this series hoping for a sweep, and despite looking sluggish against Nationals starter John Patterson, managed to take the opener. Mike Pelfrey, joining the club as its fifth starter, pitched well enough, but he probably will have to improve on his control. He walked four in 5 2/3 innings Friday, and that won't get it done against teams that don't inspire comparisons to the 1962 Mets.
A's 5, Yankees 4: After wearing out A's starter Dan Haren and getting a surprisingly effective start from Kei Igawa, the Yankees blew a three-run lead and lost in 11 innings. They had plenty of chances to get more runs off Haren and off the A's bullpen, but they didn't get the job done. In the eighth inning, they had second and third and no one out but couldn't score. They'll play again Saturday night.
Dan Haren
Jason Kidd
John Patterson
Kei Igawa
Richard Jefferson
the mets
A holiday guide to NYC recycling
What you can and can't recycle from your holiday gifts and celebrations.
Arya Sundaram
Even in a melting pot, uncommon names can boil over
New Yorkers share their experiences of carrying names that are challenging for English speakers, along with the perpetual microaggressions they must navigate.
Enrico Denard
Gothamist unveils new website, larger vision for combined WNYC newsroom
Audrey Cooper
A note to our commenting community
Veronica de Souza
Siblings, Cats And Other Disruptions: New York Students Reflect On Their First Week Of Online Learning
Caroline Bauman, Chalkbeat


How To Make The Most Of Your Efforts in Homeschooling?
Do you want to be done with public school? Many parents feel the same way. Public school has a bad reputation these days. If you have considered homeschooling, there are things you must consider. Use this article as a guide to help you get started.


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Crying Indian – Why Do We Remember?
July 26, 2009 at 1:29 pm	(advertising, Branding, commercials, Education, marketing, TV advertising) (1969, ad, ad campaign, ad council, advertising, canoe, commercial, crying indian, earth, earth day, effective ad campaign, environment, green, green living, horseback, indian ad, indian in canoe, keep america beautiful, memorable ad, pollution, PSA, public service announcement, television, TV advertising, tv commercial, vintage ad, vintage advertising)
The other day myself and some other instructors were preparing for a presentation to kids covering First Aid for the Environment. Jokingly I said, "Why don't we show the crying Indian ad." That got me thinking; what makes this ad memorable?
The ad I was referring to was actually a Public Service Announcement (PSA) that first aired more than 10 years before I was born; yet I remember it to this day. That is a testament to how long the ad ran, and how memorable it was. With its "People Start Pollution. People can stop it." tagline, the PSA arguably kicked off the green movement (though Keep America Beautiful had been running PSAs since the early '60s).
Yes, this PSA is memorable, but what did it actually accomplish? According to the Ad Council "By the end of the campaign, Keep America Beautiful local teams had helped to reduce litter by as much as 88% in 300 communities, 38 states, and several countries."
So what makes this and other ads so memorable and effective? Do we connect with it emotionally – responding to the Indian crying? Did it bring to the surface something we hadn't thought of before – what litter does to the environment? Was it just provocative enough to get us thinking? I believe it was a combination of these factors, along with the simple clear message that it put in front of the viewer.
Ironically an Italian played the Indian, and there were a few more Keep America Beautiful PSAs of similar style and content made, but none as successful as the crying Indian in the canoe. Regardless, it remains one of the most memorable and impactful ads almost 40 years after it first aired.


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Michael "Mike" Johnson '76 January 7, 2021 4:41 PM updated: January 7, 2021 5:05 PM
Michael Leon Johnson
November 26, 1946 ~ December 5, 2020
Michael Leon Johnson went home to be with his Savior on December 5, 2020 after several months of illness.
Mike was born in Smithfield, North Carolina on November 26, 1946 to Lawrence A. and Louise C. Johnson and grew up in Wilson Mills. He graduated from Wilson Mills High School in 1965. After a year at East Carolina University, he chose to serve his country by enlisting in the United States Air Force. He served for four years in Ruislip, UK, and at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. In 1968, he married Peggy Massie. She was the love of his life and he was her knight in shining armor. After he left the Air Force, he and Peggy moved to Bryan, Texas so that he could attend Texas A & M University. He was a proud member of the centennial class of 1976. Over his career, he worked for DPS, GMAC, Allen Oldsmobile, First Federal Bank, and retired from Prosperity Bank in 2012.
The greatest joy of his life were his three children, Sarah, Michael, and Nathan. Anyone who talked to him for very long knew how proud he was of each of them. For the last two months of his life, he also told everyone he met how excited he was that he was going to become a grandfather in June.
Mike greatly enjoyed reading, hunting, watching the birds and squirrels in the backyard, and history, but the hours he spent on the lake fishing were his favorite. He loved people and could start a conversation with anyone. He also loved his dogs, especially his favorites over the years, Snoopy, Gracie, and AJ.
He was a member of First Baptist Church, Bryan, where he served as a deacon, was a member of the Business Men's Bible Class for many years, and served faithfully in the TV ministry. His faith was incredibly important to him and he instilled that faith in his children.
He is survived by his wife of 52 years, Peggy, and by his children, Sarah, Michael, and Nathan, and Nathan's wife, Jaclynn. He is also survived by his brother, Johnny Johnson, and wife, Carolyn, and several nieces and nephews, as well as an aunt, uncle, and several cousins.
He will be laid to rest in a private graveside service at Pleasant Hill Cemetery in Nolanville, Texas. In lieu of flowers, memorials can be made to First Baptist Church, Bryan, and Aggieland Humane Society.
© Copyright 2021 Callaway-Jones Funeral Home & Crematory
Mike Johnson '76
Mays Business School


Always a great experience to shop in the Crashdiet store! This shirt was my first longsleeve and I couldn't be more happy. Great look with front and back print, great quality and, as always, very fast delivery. I will come back to the Crashdiet store again and again!


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Call Us Now: (65) 6733 5049 | booking@unitedlimousines.com.sg
Things You Did Not Know About Singapore
While you may have heard of Singapore, there are plenty of simple facts about this little red dot that most people have no idea of. This article aims to enlighten you on a few things that you did not know about Singapore.
Increase in size
Singapore has drastically increased in size ever since independence. How is this possible? Well, they have managed to do a land reclamation protocol whereby they extend their boundaries seawards. This process has enabled them to increase their land by an incredible 25%.
It is the only country to have printed its entire national anthem on a S$1000 bill. Just turn to the back of the note and you find the anthem from the very beginning to the end.
National language
Contrary to what most believe, English is not the national language of the Singaporeans, Malay is. English, however, remains to be commonly spoken and widely accepted in the country.
The country is approximately 141km away from the Equator. Hence, Singapore gets to experience a tropical weather all year round. In other words, the country experiences high temperatures throughout the year! The lowest ever recorded temperature in Singapore was 19 degrees celsius.
Singapore has a natural reserve called Bukit Timah that plays hosts to tree species more than all of North America combined. Naturally grown and well-guarded, the trees reach incredible highs and form amazing patterns due to their diversity.
Largest Garden
Get a chance to witness the largest display of orchids with over 600 species beautifully grown and organized by colour and tone.
Man-made falls
Singapore has one of the highest man-made falls in the world. At 30 metres, Jurong Falls stands with a mighty pour. It is located in the Jurong Bird Park.
A research conducted by the British Council concluded that Singaporeans have the fastest walking speed of up to 1.8m/s. You better speed up before someone bumps into you or before you create a human traffic!
Public housing in Singapore forbids the keeping of cats as pets. Due to their free nature, cats tend to roam around and are hard to contain within a house. When they leave the house, they may end up inconveniencing the neighbours.
Flush or be fined
Singapore has a strict policy against not flushing in public toilets. You may get fined if you are found guilty of not flushing your public toilet.
The majority of the population (up to 80%) live in public housing called Housing Development Board (HDB) flats. More than 1 million such flats have been built to support the housing industry of the country and are the most common form of accommodation used by citizens of Singapore.
While it may not even be a cause for concern in other countries, you are not allowed to sell, buy, or chew gum in Singapore. This is one of the laws that have puzzled many foreigners but do take note, you may be fined if you are caught chewing gum!
There is a reason that public transport is most common in Singapore. You cannot own a car until you win the right to own a car. A certificate of entitlement(COE) is usually auctioned at the first and third Monday of each month that allows you to own a car for ten years. The highest price ever reached for cars up to 1600cc was a shocking $92,000. Hence, many consumers stick to public transport or seek alternatives at car or bus rental companies when the need for transport arises. Tourists often engage the services of bus charters to bring them around the island as well.
While small, Singapore has a lot of interesting traits that are uncommon to many other countries. There are lots to discover about this island city-state in Asia. If you have the chance, do head over to explore this tropical wonder!
By alison|2019-06-12T11:36:27+00:00August 3rd, 2018|Bus Charter Services|0 Comments
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Atheist Ireland supports secular charity
Secular charity is a question we are often asked about and Atheist Ireland 'God Without Gods' campaign was launched in 2012. It was started as an initiative to encourage, promote and facilitate charitable and other worthwhile activities by our members and friends. Currently our active project is our Kiva – 'Good Without Gods' team.
We plan on developing our secular charity initiative on a local level in 2016. If you are interested in developing or supporting a secular charity project in your community email Ashling, our Regional Officer, at regional@atheist.ie.
Ethical and Secular Good Causes and Charities
We are occasionally asked to recommend non-religious and secular charities and are frequently asked why there are so many religious charities and no specifically non-religious ones. The answer to the secular charity may seem obvious to us but not so obvious to others in Ireland where historically there are many high profile religious charities. If often surprises many people that there are so many excellent, non-religious, inclusive charities in Ireland and Irish charities working both at home and overseas. We do not list them here because it would be unfair to try to construct such an inclusive list when we would clearly forget some due to there being so many.
Most atheists prefer to work for good causes with others, regardless of religion, of all faiths and none, and to donate time or money to secular charity and causes that do not discriminate on grounds of religion (or non-religion) or promote one particular worldview. A better question might be why some religious people feel the need to work through religious charities rather than secular charities that support everyone affected by their cause equally and without any religious influence.
If you want to see what a charter for secular charity looks like then the excellent Medicins San Frontiers charter and principles is a great example of an ethical and equality based set of principles:
"Médecins Sans Frontières provides assistance to populations in distress, to victims of natural or man-made disasters and to victims of armed conflict. They do so irrespective of race, religion, creed or political convictions.
Médecins Sans Frontières observes neutrality and impartiality in the name of universal medical ethics and the right to humanitarian assistance and claims full and unhindered freedom in the exercise of its functions.
Members undertake to respect their professional code of ethics and maintain complete independence from all political, economic or religious powers."


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Small reward for tough year for Villumsen
11:34 am on 19 September 2012
A small piece of satisfaction for the New Zealand cyclist Linda Villumsen who won a bronze medal in the time trial at the Road World Championships in the Netherlands.
The former Danish rider won her fourth World Championship Time Trial medal, finishing behind defending champion and pro team-mate Judith Arndt of Germany and American Evelyn Stevens.
The 36-year-old Arndt beat Stevens by 33 seconds, with Villumsen another seven seconds back.
Villumsen previously won two bronze medals for her native Denmark and a silver for New Zealand last year.
While a world championship medal isn't to be scoffed at, Villumsen says her aim for this year was the Olympics where she finished fourth.


These 40 absolutely stunning silver gray hair color ideas should not be considered as granny hair. However, the style has been warmly called that. Of all the hair hues on the range, silver hair is typically the most overlooked, as we as a whole will one day confront it. When it happened normally, the silver hair was immediately colored an alternate shade, which is odd thinking about that silver and white hair could without much of a stretch be viewed as common hair hues.
Varieties of silver hair hues that are ending up increasingly more prevalent are joining ombre patterns, with dull roots prompting long ranges of silver hair and closure in hues going from distinct snow white to the absolute most dynamic shades of essential hues known to man. With the beginning of the fame for silver hair, the charm encompassing the style has not blurred, but rather developed.
Silver hairdos run from saintly to sentimental and ethereal to defiantly restless. Consolidating changes to upgrade silver hair ensures that silver hair will be an incredible style choice for quite a while to come. It is excellent in very surface, extending in appearance from strands of platinum to cushioned tempest mists. Anybody at any age can shake silver hair, and delightfully organize it in a plenty of styles.
In this article, we'll talk about everything about the silver hair incline, including tips on coloring your hair silver, methods for keeping up the perfect shading, just as showing 40 astonishing silver hair hues to move you.


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Top Ten Amstrad GX4000 Games
by Retro Gamer Team, 25 April 2014
There are less than 40 games available on Amstrad's disappointing console, meaning that it lacks the punch of many other systems. Despite this, we've still managed to find 10 games that everyone should own. How many have you played?
Pro Tennis Tour
Fast, smooth and with realistic looking players, technically this was the best tennis game produced for the Amstrad… full stop. That it was available on the GX4000 gave people a reason to buy the console, especially as Ubisoft enhanced the graphics and tweaked the gameplay so that, while not totally realistic, the way that you hit the ball had an effect on where it ended up. And that, looking back, was something of a bonus. There was a slickness to Pro Tennis Tour that makes it playable today. Although it is possible to hit a ball that has seemingly flown past you, the incredible attention to detail and the range of tournaments available, from Wimbledon to the French, Australian and US Opens, made it a welcome GX4000 addition.
Time hasn't been particularly kind to RoboCop 2, the obstacles that are strewn before our hulking metal-clad, law-enforcing hero proving more frustrating than challenging when romped through today. Back in its Amstrad GX4000 day, however, this cartridge-only release was the console's shining light and, to be honest, there is more than enough in this platform game to make it well worth a full playthrough again, if only to experience the smooth scrolling, the great use of the hardware sprites and a beautiful blend of eye candy colours, all carefully drawn to make the screen ooze atmosphere. Can this compare to a 16-bit release? The answer would, graphically at least, have to be a positive.
When you play the first level of this Ocean licence – the third Batman game released by Ocean – you are instantly sucked in. Few can resist playing as the Caped Crusader, especially in a game based on the gloomy, yet cool, 1989 classic movie. Also, being inside a factory and aiming weapons at wave after wave of baddies in an iconic and most memorable first level was, 18 years ago, almost worth the £25 price tag alone. It didn't add anything new to the bog-standard CPC version, though, and the side-scrolling Batmobile level, the third/puzzle level and the change to fly the Batwing were ultimately disappointing.
Burnin' Rubber
Bundled with the GX4000, this was the game that got hearts racing and it was the first title that most, if not all, of the console's gamers played. In a lot of cases, it was also the last due to the lack of GX4000 games available, but its impressive graphics and the brilliant crash scenes showed the capability of Amstrad's offering and placed it in pole position when it came to finding the best 8-bit racing game of all time, in terms of visuals anyway. As long as you had the stamina to keep going without running out of time, you'd be awarded with engaging fun, the joy of seeing the sky change from day to night and some amazing crashes.
There were, to excuse the pun, pangs of jealously when this game was released as a cartridge-only GX4000/Plus game, mainly because it was a title that most CPC gamers wanted. The desire was so strong that indy developer Elmsoft – aka Elmar Krieger – produced his own version, Zap T Balls that, while not as good, at least gave CPCers something to get their teeth into. Popping balloons, seeing them split into two and trying to eradicate the lot was so much fun and it was made even better for the fact that the GX4000 enhanced it with graphics that took that jealousy to a whole new level.
One of the most ported falling-tiles games in history is – putting Tetris to one side – none other than Klax. And on the GX4000, a console that only had Ocean's Plotting as a rival, it was a must-have purchase. Having said that, it didn't come without some disappointment since it was identical to the standard game released on the CPC and it made very little use of the extra capability (much like Plotting). If Klax wasn't such a legendary, addictive game, it wouldn't actually warrant being in this Perfect Ten because of this lack of ambition. But there were so few games on the GX4000 that, if you take the game at face value, it's worthy of an inclusion.
With graphics as astounding as RoboCop 2's, Navy Seals showed more than a hint of the capability of the GX4000. As a cartridge-only release, it made use of the console's extra features, boasting smooth scrolling and excellent animation. But the game was as hard as one of the five heroes you played, mainly because it wasn't a case of storming into the terrorists' HQ with all guns blazing. Instead, you had to take a more measured, stealthy approach as befitting a member of the prestigious Navy Seals. It's a shame the title was so difficult as it put many off venturing past the first level. With perseverance came great reward, however.
Gremlin Graphics excelled itself with this platformer that some may argue was the best game on the console. It used the machine's Mode 1 – a 320 by 200 resolution. Whereas the old CPCs were constrained to just four colours in that mode, (as opposed to the 16 that could be used in the lower-res Mode 0), the GX4000 could handle more. And so when you put the original CPC version next to the cartridge one, you can see the difference with extra colour and elegance. While that is the only real difference between the versions, it nevertheless showed that, had the GX4000 been successful, it was possible to push otherwise unheard of CPC boundaries.
Skeet Shoot
Using the Amstrad GX4000's lightgun – and yes, there was one actually available for the princely sum of £30 – you could play Skeet Shoot (and pick up Enforcer later, had you some spare cash knocking around). Predictably, Skeet Shoot was a bloodless shooter in which you had to blast clay pigeons out of the sky. The geese that flew around the screen oozed liquid when they were hit, but that was about as gruesome as the game ever got. Skeet Shoot is one of the rarer games, mainly because to pick one up today you would have to find the lightgun that didn't sell all that well either. It's not a particularly wonderful game via an emulator (and neither, if you're asking, is the Untouchables-esque Enforcer).
Fire & Forget II
This sequel to Fire & Forget, a game that was released two years earlier, had three aims: kill, kill and… er… kill, basically. And as you scoot through the game's five levels in your Thunder Master II, you will be busting more terrorist butt than you could ever possibly imagine, firing missile after missile and taking to the air. The road is long – at times a little bit too long – and it can soon get rather tiring and somewhat repetitive, but driving you on is a deep down desire to keep taking pot shots at the enemy and it's certainly different to a regular run-of-the-mill shoot-'em-up. With much excellent, if spartan, graphical elegance to feast your peepers on, Fire & Forget II is certainly one worth taking a run out with.
Tags: Amstrad, batman, burning rubber, fire and forget II, gx4000, klax, pang, pro tennis, robocop 2


"Behold, the virgin shall be with child and bear a Son, and they shall call His name Immanuel," which is translated, "God with us."( Matthew 1:23) God with us. Our Joy, our Hope, our future.
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Q: What are the benefits of working with John and his team?
A: When you work with John and his team you will know that you are working with a group that is focused on more than just buying and selling homes. We take tremendous pride in what we do and the areas we serve. We work with homeowners all over the LA area to determine which method of selling will best help them to reach their goals.
Q: What kind of houses are you looking for?
A: We specialize in helping homeowners find the best ways to sell their single-family properties.
Q: How long will I have to wait for an offer?
A: In most cases, we can provide you with an offer within 24 hours.
Q: How long will I have to wait for the closing?
A: After the offer has been accepted, most closings can occur within 7 business days. However, we will always close on the day that works best for your schedule.
Q: How do I get an offer for my LA property?
A: All you have to do is fill out the form below or give our team a call at (310) 928-9688.
A: Because we enjoy solving problems and we are passionate about helping others. We love to give back to the local communities we live and work in. By helping homeowners find solutions to their stressful situations, we can help to revitalize whole communities.
Q: Do you pay fair prices for houses in the LA area?
A: Always! Our offers are based on the current real estate market and the cost of repairs.
Q: Is there any cost to work with you?
A: Never! We are direct buyers who will never charge you a dime in commissions or fees. Our process will save you money by eliminating all of the typical costs of a traditional sale.
Q: What makes you different from other home buyers?
A: We're not just out to buy homes. Our mission is something bigger. Our goal is to be able to help people out of stressful situations so they are at a place where they can move on with their life. We create solutions and handle all of the details. We will always go the extra mile, even helping you in the search for your next property.
Q: What makes your process more effective than listing with a top LA real estate agent?
A: Listing provides no guarantees. You could be waiting months for your property to sell, not knowing if or when a buyer will come along. With a direct sale to John and his team, you will know right away how much you are walking away with and on what day. This allows you to plan ahead.
A: None. We want to help you do what is best for your property. We will provide you with the information you need to make your decision, then leave the ball in your court.
Find Out How Much We Can Offer For Your LA Area House!
Call us at 310-928-9688 or Send Us A Message Using The Form Below!
We Can Typically Make You An Offer Within 24 Hours!


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No property bubble in China but hotels at risk
BEIJING: China's exuberant property market will not collapse as prices are supported by brisk economic growth although there could be a bubble in the hotel sector, a United States property developer said.
Ambrish Baisiwala, chief executive of Portman Holdings, said he was bullish on China's commercial and residential properties even though some investors believe there was a real estate bubble in the world's second largest economy.
Baisiwala, who helped develop more than US$30bil worth of properties at struggling Abu Dhabi developer Aldar Properties before joining Portman in 2006, said the US firm would like to expand in China.
"Overall, we don't see a bubble in China. But there are of course pockets of assets across specific cities where there may be an oversupply," he said. "We very much intend to quicken our pace in China."
The company is now looking at China's top cities such as Beijing and Shanghai as well as secondary cities including Xi'an, Wuhan and Nanjing.
He did not say if Portman would expand in China organically or through acquisitions, and declined to give further details.
Portman's China ambitions underline the difficulties Beijing faces in cooling the red hot property market, where months of official clampdown has not dampened the mood among investors and developers, as seen at a real estate conference last week.
Many at the conference in Beijing were confident China can sustain its solid economic growth pace of about 9% over the next five years.
Labels: China
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