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Fourth Industrial Revolution: Current Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities
By Antonella Petrillo, Fabio De Felice, Raffaele Cioffi and Federico Zomparelli
Submitted: June 11th 2017Reviewed: November 8th 2017Published: February 28th 2018
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The globalization and the competitiveness are forcing companies to rethink and to innovate their production processes following the so-called Industry 4.0 paradigm. It represents the integration of tools already used in the past (big data, cloud, robot, 3D printing, simulation, etc.) that are now connected into a global network by transmitting digital data. The implementation of this new paradigm represents a huge change for companies, which are faced with big investments. In order to benefit from the opportunities offered by the smart revolution, companies must have the prerequisites needed to withstand changes generated by "smart" system. In addition, new workers who face the world of work 4.0 must have new skills in automation, digitization, and information technology, without forgetting soft skills. This chapter aims to present the main good practices, challenges, and opportunities related to Industry 4.0 paradigm.
Antonella Petrillo*
University of Napoli "Parthenope" Centro Direzionale, Napoli (NA), Italy
Fabio De Felice
University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
Raffaele Cioffi
Federico Zomparelli
*Address all correspondence to: antonella.petrillo@uniparthenope.it
Digital Transformation in Smart ManufacturingEdited by Antonella Petrillo
Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing
Edited by Antonella Petrillo, Raffaele Cioffi and Fabio De Felice
In recent decades, producers and suppliers of goods and services have improved the quality of their organizations through the use of innovative technologies [1]. This is because the industry is undergoing transformation and evolution toward complete digitization and the intelligence of production processes to ensure high efficiency [2]. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to implement new technologies for the automation of industrial processes. These concepts are the pillars of the fourth industrial revolution called "Industry 4.0" [3]. The fourth industrial revolution was developed in Germany in 2013 but is spreading rapidly in Europe and the world as a whole [4]. This new work model focuses on the integrated man-machine approach through "sustainable" production.
The Industry 4.0 is based on the concept of smart factory, where the machines are integrated with men through cyber-physical systems (CPS). In other words, Industry 4.0 is a new level of organization that manages and controls the whole value chain of personalized products to satisfy customer needs [5]. Digitalization is the most important element in Industry 4.0 because it allows to connect man and technology [6].
Industry 4.0 covers three fundamental aspects:
Digitization and increased integration of vertical and horizontal value chains: development of custom products, customer's digital orders, automatic data transfer, and integrated customer service systems.
Digitization of product and service offerings: complete descriptions of the product and its related services through intelligent networks.
Introduction of innovative digital business models: the high level of interaction between systems and technology opportunities develops new and integrated digital solutions. The basis of industrial Internet is the integrated and real-time availability and control of systems across the enterprise.
The effect is a radical transformation of traditional industries that are changing their "approach" to the work. It means the use of new production technology, new machinery, new materials, and new inputs. In this context, knowledge has become the crucial input. Furthermore, a complete integration between the cyber and physical dimensions is occurred.
Western civilization has passed through three stages of the industrial revolution, and the fourth revolution is in progress. An industrial revolution can be defined as a disruptive leap in the industrial process [7], a development that produces fundamental changes in the society and the economy [8].
Figure 1 describes the main phases that characterized industrial revolutions. The first industrial revolution was developed in the eighteenth century due to mechanical production obtained by water and steam, with the development of machine tools and an improvement of their efficiency. The second industrial revolution developed with the arrival of electricity and mass production, theorized by Smith and Taylor and implemented by Henry Ford in his Detroit factory for the production of the Model T. The third revolution was characterized by machine automation through the use of electronics and IT applied in the production processes [9].
Industrial revolutions.
The fourth industrial revolution integrates IT systems with physical systems to get a cyber-physical system that brings the real world in a virtual reality. There are also several opposing opinions. For example, The Economist [10] stated that the fourth industrial revolution is only an evolution of the third industrial revolution. Harald Krüger, Chief Production Officer at the BMW Group, instead, considers this development not as a fundamental revolution taking a huge digital leap forward. He explained that it is a constant development of technologies that will enable companies to achieve higher productivity, flexibility, as well as enhanced product and service qualities [11]. Roland Berger [12] also mentioned that there are slow and steady changes in some areas and described some evolutionary effects of this development. However, the majority of experts, including those in leading companies such as McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group, Capgemini Consulting, Accenture, and General Electric have clearly pointed out the fundamental change of this development considering this transformation toward digital manufacturing as a new and considerable industrial revolution with tremendous effects on countries, economics, businesses, and human labor.
The current industrial revolution is characterized by the collaboration of intelligent machines, storage systems, and production systems into intelligent networks, merging the real and virtual worlds in cyber-physical systems (CPS) [13]. CPS are the integration of IT system with mechanical and electronic components connected to online networks that allow the communication between machines in a similar way to social networks [14]. These innovative technologies enable factories to become "smart," resulting in productions of customized products on an industrial scale while providing many opportunities for improvements in operational flexibility and efficiency. Japan begins to talk about the fifth industrial revolution coming, which will be based on cooperation between man and machine.
The rest of the chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 presents state of the art on the "Industry 4.0"; Section 3 analyzes the main principles of digital technologies and industrial transformations. In Section 4 the main opportunities related to Industry 4.0 are analyzed. Then, Section 5 presents qualification and skills operator required for Industry 4.0. Finally, in Section 6 the main conclusions of the chapter are presented.
2. State of the art on "Industry 4.0"
A comprehensive overview of the state of the emerging industrial revolution is essential to understand the phenomenon around the world. To this purpose an investigation on Scopus database, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, was carried out. The methodological approach used for literature review survey is shown in Figure 2.
Literature review methodological approach.
Search string used in the literature survey was "Industry 4.0." The string was defined according to the standards of Scopus database. Articles, conference, and book chapters in which the string was found in keywords were analyzed. The analysis on Scopus pointed out that from 2012 (the year in which the first article was published) until October 2017 (the period of research), there is a constant, growing interest on this topic. Considering this time period, the Scopus database returns 886 results related to the topic "Industry 4.0." From 2015 onward scientific production has increased considerably, as shown in Figure 3.
Documents by year.
The survey confirmed that most of the publications are German. It is worthy to note that German publications are quadruple compared to Chinese publications, and compared to Italian publications, the value is seven times more as shown in Figure 4.
Documents by country.
The search was refined considering only articles. The research shows 274 published articles since 2012. Since 2015, there is a growing trend of publications on these issues. This strong interest is certainly due to the strong attractiveness of the issues of smart manufacturing both from a research and business point of view. The analysis pointed out that 73% of the analyzed publications refers to engineering issues, 39.4% refers to communications issues, and 20.4% refers to business process management. Analyzing the 274 articles found, the search was more refined using seven specific keywords that characterize "Industry 4.0" as detailed below:
Cyber-physical systems. There are 55 articles (20.07%) that contained the keyword (CPS) between the keywords. The first publication dates back to 2012, but since 2015, a "stable" research on this issue has started.
Big data or digitalization or digital. There are 43 articles (15.69%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The first publication dates back to 2015, and in 2016–2017, there was a growing, extremely positive trend.
Internet of things (IoT) or wireless. There are 50 articles (18.25%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The first publication dates back to 2016, while in 2017 there has been a downward trend of about 10 publications. This trend could turn out to grow, as several months remain missing at the end of 2017.
Automation or artificial intelligence or robotics. There are 18 articles (6.57%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The interesting publications for the analysis are from 2015 to 2017 which show a positive trend.
Additive manufacturing or 3D printers. There are six articles (2.19%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The first release dates back to 2014; there are other publications until 2017, but the number is very limited.
Cloud. There were 10 articles (3.65%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The first release dates back to 2015. There are no such publications for 2017.
Simulation/augmented/virtual reality. There were 10 articles (3.65%) that contained the previously defined keywords. The first publication dates back to 2012. But in the 2-year period 2016–2017, research began to produce more complete and complete documents.
Figure 5 describes the number of articles classified for each keyword.
Number of articles classified for keywords.
In the rest of the papers, other keywords are cited. Furthermore, it is worthy to note the relationship between different keywords in the same article. The results are shown in Table 1. The most important relationships are developed between cyber-physical systems and big data systems.
CPS 8 21 2 1 3 1
IoT 9 1 — 1 3
Big data 3 — 6 1
Automation — 1 2
Cloud — —
Simulation —
Relationship between keywords.
Table 2 shows the most cited analyzed articles. In detail, the most cited article is proposed by Lee et al. that present an integrated five-level system for the implementation of a cyber-physical system [1]. Then, Davis et al. present the smart manufacturing approach based on intelligent cyber-physical components for smart organization management [15]. In 2015, Posada et al. describe the positioning of visual computing within the smart manufacturing system to indicate specific future scenarios [16]. In 2016, Kang et al. develop a literature review analysis identifying and analyzing different articles related to smart manufacturing to create a clear view of existing technologies, practices in companies, and future trends [17]. Finally, Yue et al. analyze the development of industrialization and technology digitization by presenting a model supported by a cloud system for managing a sustainable industrial system [18].
Lee, J.; Bagheri, B.; Kao, H. A cyber-physical systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems 2015 258
Davis, J.; Edgar, T.; Porter, J.; Bernaden, J.; Sarli, M. Smart manufacturing, manufacturing intelligence, and demand-dynamic performance 2012 103
Posada, J.; Toro, C.; Barandiaran, I.; Döllner, J.; Vallarino, I. Visual Computing as a Key Enabling Technology for Industrie 4.0 and Industrial Internet 2015 45
Kang, H.S.; Lee, J.Y.; Choi, S.; Kim, B.H.; Noh, S.D. Smart manufacturing: past research, present findings, and future directions 2016 38
Yue, X.; Cai, H.; Yan, H.; Zou, C.; Zhou, K. Cloud-assisted industrial cyber-physical systems: an insight 2015 19
Most cited articles.
3. Digital technologies and industrial transformations
The key objective of Industry 4.0 is to be faster and to drive manufacturing to be more efficient. The main technology used in the context of Industry 4.0 is cyber-physical systems (CPS) [19]. CPS are considered a Key Enabling Technology (KET) in the fourth industrial revolution. CPS are a set of different enabling technologies, which generate a stand-alone, intercom, and intelligent system and, therefore, can facilitate integration between different and physically distant subjects. This system enables three sequential scenarios: data generation and acquisition, computation and aggregation of previously acquired data, and finally decision support. This definition includes the presence of interconnected objects which, by means of sensors, actuators, and a network connection, are able to generate data, thus reducing the distances between the various subjects involved. Therefore, a CPS can be defined as a system in which physical objects are required to be flanked by their representation in the digital world; are integrated with elements that are capable of computing, memorizing, and communicating; and are networked with each other [20]. The functionality of a CPS can be summarized in five levels, as defined below:
Level #1. Smart connection: The ability to manage and acquire data made available in real time thanks to intelligent sensors and to transfer them with specific communication protocols
Level #2. Data-to-information conversion: The ability to aggregate data and convert it to value-added information
Level #3. Digital twin: The ability to represent real time in a digital reality
Level #4. Cognition: The ability to identify different scenarios and support a proper decision-making process
Level #5. Configuration: Provides feedback on physical reality from virtual reality and applies corrective actions to the previous level
Following the development of CPS, the fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the use of specific enabling technologies. The main nine technologies are described below and depicted in Figure 6.
Enabling technologies for Industry 4.0.
Big data is certainly one of the most important technologies adopted in Industry 4.0. It is related to the large collection, processing, and analysis of structured and unstructured data with intelligent algorithms. It has recently become a topic widely debated in the business and university world, as it offers a number of new opportunities for businesses. Another important technology is cloud computing that allows to manage huge data volumes in open systems and ensure real-time communication for production system. Cloud computing allows access to information from anywhere in the world at any time, thus increasing flexibility [21]. In intelligent factory, data are transmitted digitally, so cybersecurity plays a key role in the new industrial revolution. IT security systems are important to enable the full potential of the other technologies. Industry 4.0 includes the use of automated robots managed directly by the intelligent factory and connected to the rest of the enterprise system. Processing is automatically handled by cyber-physical systems. Generally, automatic robots are used for ergonomically difficult or highly tiring jobs. The evolution of technological systems and the increasingly personalized demands of customers have led to the evolution of additive manufacturing techniques and 3D printing. Through this technique, it is possible to construct prototypes but also finished products in three sizes for the most different purposes. With prototypes it is possible to test the material while the finished products are used. In particular, 3D printing for the production of finished products is used for highly personalized products, such as biophysical part or parts for cars of formula 1. New educational models 4.0 exploit increased reality technology, through augmented reality. Through virtual reality it is possible to educate operators, by teaching the right operations to do for maintenance or machine setup. The augmented reality system aims to replace old paper manuals that are difficult to understand. Through horizontal and vertical integration technology, it is possible to cross company data integration based on data transfer standards. In other words, computer and command processes are increasingly networked and integrated.
Finally, simulation systems and software are also very much used. Through these tools it is possible to simulate business systems and manufacturing processes by analyzing system input and output in real time and obtaining a detailed report about the process under study.
Industry 4.0 has developed a profound impact on society, factories, household, public sector, economies, etc. There are developing countries that are already preparing for and adopting strategies regarding Industry 4.0, such as China and India. A major challenge for developing countries is to reverse their strategy. In the past, they have pointed to low labor costs. With the advent of Industry 4.0, this is not possible because it is necessary to have highly specialized operators. Industry 4.0 offers opportunities, such as increased productivity, reduced waste, and promotion of the circular economy and more sustainable patterns of production and consumption [22].
Industry 4.0 requires different prerequisites for its application. Digital skills are definitely the most important factors. In addition, other important elements are automation and big data analysis that connect all stakeholders of a system and create a smart network that transmits real-time data. The correct implementation of a 4.0 system within a company depends on its ability to respond to change and innovation management.
The most important steps for supporting Industry 4.0 are:
Step#1: Create awareness of the importance of innovation.
Step#2: Educate the innovation management.
Step#3: Identify potential improvements.
Another key prerequisite for implementing system 4.0 is related to the skills of operators (the last paragraph analyzes this topic in depth).
It is crucial to distinguish the expected changes with the implementation of the 4.0 systems. In this case it is considered the change of a developed country, developing country, business manufacturing, and research organization.
For a developed country, the implementation of 4.0 systems involves several challenges:
The need for experimentation and learning, to give a way for companies to strengthen their business
Data explosion, to send information more and more quickly and increase data volume
Transformation of the workforce, integrating the system operators with new skills that enable it to manage work digitally with the help of cyber-physical systems
There are three major challenges for developing countries:
Training of operators with specific skills in managing digital jobs.
Scalability. There are few companies that have now implemented industry-leading 4.0 systems.
The need for funding to start planning at the national or regional level for the implementation of systems 4.0.
The implementation of an Industry 4.0 system involves significant changes to business manufacturing. Firstly, it is necessary to attract strong investments, as the industrial Internet is expecting a great digitization and therefore a strong investment [23]. In addition to investments, it is important to promote strong leadership practices to promote the proposed changes. If the company is not open to change, it will fail. Another major obstacle to the digitization process is the inability to predict the return on investment, and this pushes many companies to invest.
According to Accenture and General Electric [24], a major change concerns big data analytics, since all operations will be managed by intelligent sensor systems, which will have to transmit huge volumes of data in a shorter time. The task of the operator will be to capture and analyze the data [25]. Companies should take advantage of the opportunities offered by CPS to generate added value from the collected data to meet customer needs.
Further challenge for companies will be the security of computer data. Standard will be needed to ensure communication between intelligent systems by avoiding any external intrusion. Companies face the challenge of ensuring that their operations are safe to avoid data leaks that could compromise their competitiveness and include the loss of confidential information on major customers.
Companies implement 4.0 systems that have been developed and tested by research organizations. Therefore, it is crucial to invest and progress technologically in research centers that are the lifeblood of the industrial system.
4. Opportunities of Industry 4.0
In Germany, Industry 4.0 was born in the direction of developing a collaboration of all stakeholders. Now, a new phase has started that aims to overcome national borders and establish new international collaborations, especially at the European level.
Figure 7 shows the main initiatives for Industry 4.0.
Main initiatives for Industry 4.0 (source: IL sole 24 Ore magazine).
From a PWC analysis on a sample of 235 European companies (Figure 8), it is noted that an average about 3.3% of 4.0 investment revenue is invested in Industry 4.0 applications [26].
Average annual investments in Industry 4.0 applications (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
Only a quarter of the surveyed companies do not have the skills related to Industry 4.0. Intelligent industrial solutions enable to improve efficiency and reduce costs across the value chain. The investments of the analyzed companies correspond to 140 billion euros. Of these, 3.9% is intended for information and communication, and 3.5% is for industrial production and engineering (Figure 9).
Annual investment in Industry 4.0 (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
Investment priority shows the supply chain at first, followed by engineering and services, while distribution takes on lesser values (Figure 10).
Priority of investments (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
In 5 years, more than 80% of companies will have to digitize their value chain. The industrial Internet has now been added to the agenda of the majority of companies. One-fourth of the respondents already classify the current degree of digitization of their value chain as high. In concrete terms, this means that most of the companies are already using or have implemented industrial Internet solutions in different divisions (Figure 11).
Degree of digitization of the value chain by industry sector (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
Industry 4.0 affects different sectors, and this is one of its strengths. The major industrial sectors examined by Accenture and General Electric [27], which are heavily influenced by the industrial revolution, are manufacturing, oil and gas, power generation/distribution, railway, and mining.
The economics opportunities of Industry 4.0 are wide and affect the entire economies and countries. Several studies and figures have been published in recent years illustrating the value of these new developments. A survey developed by Accenture [28] predicts the IoT value for countries including the United States, China, Germany, and the United Kingdom by 2030. The United States is likely to have the biggest benefits (US $ 7.1 billion) followed by China (US $ 1.8 trillion), Germany ($ 700 billion), and the United Kingdom ($ 531 billion). This study highlights the extraordinary opportunities offered by Industry 4.0. The significance becomes even more evident given the value added to GDP by the manufacturing sector in different countries. For example, the production contributed 22% of Germany's GDP in 2013 and 12% of US GDP in 2013 [28]. Another great opportunity created by Industry 4.0 is the strengthening of national production in Europe and North America. As a result, it could also convey the trend of the outsourcing industry to low-cost and low-income countries, due to changes in production requirements and factors [29].
To achieve business opportunities at the national level, manufacturing enterprises need to recognize the new possibilities that offer companies Industry 4.0 paradigm [30] that could exist in different fields, as follows:
Efficiency: savings of raw materials and energy
Productivity: intelligent technologies that are more productive
Flexibility: use of cyber-physical systems
Individualization on demand: integration of customer through network (cyber-physical systems)
Decentralization: faster and data-driven decision-making
Other opportunities are related to the new technologies integrated into the 4.0 systems. The fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the merger of digitization and automation to make the machines intelligent, interactive, and easy to use. These new technologies will have a huge impact on working patterns. There will be new types of robots that can interact with humans. This technology will complement human activity, in particular cognition, combined with other emerging technologies to give us completely new computer models. Thus, new skills are needed to bridge the gap between engineering and computer science, automatic learning, and artificial intelligence. Industry 4.0 must also be a suitable tool for eco-sustainable production. This is because industry will continue to depend on resources and energy, and each country will play in the production and supply of resources and energy. In order to combat climate change, China has promised to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from 60–65% by 2030, compared to 2005. The main objective of the strategy is to ensure that Chinese production is geared toward innovation and green. It has ten priority development areas, including energy conservation and new energy vehicles, electrical equipment, and modern rail equipment, which aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Some examples are energy-saving (mainly electric) vehicles, third-generation nuclear power plants, and the construction of new high-speed railways between Beijing and Shanghai, 1200 km away. The PWC survey reports the percentage of companies that have increased their efficiency and that have decreased costs. Figures 12 and 13 show the quantitative effects of the benefits of Industry 4.0 applications, considering the efficiency increase and cost reduction, while Figure 14 describes the quality benefits of Industry 4.0 applications.
Increase in efficiency (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
Cost reduction (Source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
Quality benefits of Industry 4.0 applications (source: PWC Industry 4.0, 2014).
5. Qualification and skills of Industry 4.0
The work of the future will be very different from the traditional work, so traders will also have some different skills than those required today [31].
Influence on the human factor is linked to four elements: (1) tools and technologies, (2) organization and structure, (2) working environment, and (4) organizational cooperation.
In the future factory will increase the need for skilled digital work, will decrease the need for manual work, and will provide the worker with the exact information they need in real time or in a certain situation to perform their task efficiently. Workers are able to control and monitor production processes through the analysis of data and information supported by these devices. Intelligent systems will further make it possible for the worker to make qualified decisions in a shorter time. Collaborative robotics will share a work station with humans. These robots support the worker, for example, in situations that are critical with respect to ergonomics. Intelligent tools and technologies will become more autonomous and automated, but the supervision and efficient application of machines by humans will become more important than ever before.
Technologies can perform at high efficiency if the organization and structure of a company provide the right environment for them [32]. So, a significant change in the used technologies should and will proceed jointly with a significant change in organization and structure. Workers, capable of working with the information and data flow, will not necessarily be bound to a certain production area anymore, but the new operator skills will improve job management by making it more qualified, responsive, and more decision-making.
In the recent past, the world of industrial production was perceived from the outside as being a dark and dirty place with no windows where raw physical work is carried out by a horde of [33]. The perception of the working environment of the future will again be different. The future working environment will be an open and creative space. Work will be more flexible and transparent, more planned, and balanced. Surely, the homework will increase. Modern assistant systems will provide the workers with the ability for quick decision-making despite the increased complexity of their job contents. The work will be improved with respect to ergonomics. In particular, non-ergonomics processes are likely to become automated to improve the production workers' conditions.
In the factory of the future, intraorganizational cooperation and communication will be fundamental. Networking and interconnectedness are focal components of the Industry 4.0. Workers will collaborate and communicate real time without borders using smart devices. The Internet provides the possibilities to meet globally in virtual rooms at almost any time and to reach out for required information as needed. All kinds of information and data will be ubiquitous and at the fingertips of the workers leading to a whole new level of knowledge management. Humans communicate with other humans and with intelligent machines.
It is necessary to define a model to identify the skills of operators required in the factory of the future, from the school's point of view, and after school.
Here, below is a summary of the main phases required to ensure appropriate skills.
Phase #1: Education. It is necessary to attract the attention to the manufacturing topics already in the school education system. The ideal would be the creation of educational courses required for the introduction of the systems behind the factory of the future, to prepare future workers. Similarly, computer courses and foreign language that often are optional should be mandatory. The school placements should become more common, limiting the bureaucracy. Extension of the offer summer schools with enhanced programs to raise awareness of computer science. Fundamentals are also visits to smart factories, to introduce students to the company and to give the company the opportunity to present their technologies.
Phase #2: School (work transition). Professional development courses are crucial to giving a first technical qualification to future workers. Workshops are recommended as they strengthen technical skills and qualifications. Workshops cannot only tackle both technical issues but also refine soft skills (self-management, teamwork, stress management, etc.) that are fundamental to the worker. The collaboration of university companies that allows to adapt the student profiles with the demands of the companies is very important. Students will be in contact with companies through their university. Developing professional bachelor's degrees to train the intelligent factory operator and give more insights than those already provided in high school and to develop technical skills and soft skills.
Finally, the internships are very important, as they allow students to know experiences in the company. They include not only both technical aspects but also interdisciplinary models such as personal skills and teamwork.
Phase #3: Continuous training. The last phase involves the continuous training of the operator in the workplace. Companies can only be competitive by investing in continuous training and improvement. Accenture [34] reviewed more than 300 US manufacturing companies between 2013 and 2014 and found that 80% of companies invest around $ 1000 each year in training of each employee. Professional courses enhance technical and personal skills such as World Class Manufacturing or Six Sigma belt, which also enable certifications.
Several advanced economies are implementing the concept of Industry 4.0, marking the fourth industrial revolution. Increasingly, companies are applying innovative solutions, including through the "Internet of Things" (IoT), cloud computing, miniaturization, and 3D printing, that will enable more interoperability, flexible industrial processes, and autonomous and intelligent manufacturing. The new industrial revolution will be characterized by merging of technologies. Among the consequences of "Industry 4.0" and structural problems in the world, economy will be an escalation in competition at the geo-economic level. Industry 4.0 will concur to create new wealth and further improve living standards. The implementation of a 4.0 systems has considerable advantages. This chapter has analyzed a series of data showing efficiency increase and cost reductions for European companies that have implemented smart manufacturing systems. The implementation of a 4.0 system represents a real revolution within the company. In addition, the implementation of intelligent systems implies a considerable economic investment, and often the company cannot assess the economic return of that investment. For this reason, it is necessary to develop national or regional investment plans to encourage companies to invest in the 4.0 revolution. Companies that remain out of this revolution could disappear, as they would remain technologically obsolete with respect to their competitors. Before developing digitized systems, it is necessary to check if there are any prerequisites within the company to ensure the correct implementation of the new system. If there are no proper prerequisites, the first step to digitizing the company is to invest in training and information activities to train operators. As far as training operators in the chapter, the formation of the new working class 4.0 has been of great importance. Communication should start from high school, through school-work alternation and by providing basic knowledge of computer science and robotics, to make it clear to young workers what is the trend toward which we are moving. This chapter has also analyzed the various changes that companies will face, distinguishing between developed countries and developing countries. In addition, business, economic, and financial opportunities that can be exploited by implementing Industry 4.0 systems have been described. The chapter also presented softly the most important intelligent factory technologies such as big data and cloud data analysis systems, cyber-physical systems that allow self-regulating operations run by intelligent robots, simulation systems and virtual reality to train addicting operators, and additive manufacturing to develop more and more customized products that meet customer needs. In conclusion it is worthy to note that to face the challenges of the future it is strategic to digitize manufacturing processes and implement intelligent automated systems that can self-manage. The commitment must be extended not only to companies but also to governments, whose task is not only to develop investment plans that are easy for companies wishing to renew their processes but also to train young workers from high schools by making compulsory modules of computer science, automation, and foreign languages, to create a new generation of "workers 4.0" who possess the hard and soft skills needed to operate within the intelligent factory. Only in this way, it will be possible to properly implement the new Industry 4.0 practices and to make technological advances to companies and the whole civilization.
2.State of the art on "Industry 4.0"
3.Digital technologies and industrial transformations
4.Opportunities of Industry 4.0
5.Qualification and skills of Industry 4.0
6.Conclusions
Antonella Petrillo, Fabio De Felice, Raffaele Cioffi and Federico Zomparelli (February 28th 2018). Fourth Industrial Revolution: Current Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities, Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing, Antonella Petrillo, Raffaele Cioffi and Fabio De Felice, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72304. Available from:
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Jeffrey Gibson's art, on view at SAM, knocks down boundaries with gentle taps and potent blows — Gayle Clemans
The Seattle Times, 03.06.2019
Jeffrey Gibson's art is like a beautiful hammer: a finely wrought tool capable of gentle taps or potent blows. In Gibson's hands, indigenous craft methods, colorful abstraction and complex symbols fuse into iconic forms, knocking down boundaries between traditional Native practices and the art world, with its history of privileging certain kinds of people and certain kinds of art.
The first major traveling exhibition of Gibson's work — and, yes, the show is titled "Like a Hammer" — recently opened at the Seattle Art Museum, with gallery after gallery of beaded punching bags, geometric rawhide paintings, wall-hangings emblazoned with quotations and arrowheads, and genre-crossing performances, videos, installations and other objects.
Gibson, a queer artist of Cherokee and Mississippi Choctaw heritage, has brought increased attention to contemporary Native American artists, using a mash-up approach to forge art that is personal and political. (Gibson was also recently announced as one of the participants in the prestigious Whitney Biennial of American Art.)
Gibson's objects are both instantly knowable and infinitely interpretable. Immediately, we might sense that his Everlast punching-bag sculptures are stand-ins for the aggression toward marginalized people. They're also gorgeous, powerful, everlasting objects, intricately covered with nods to indigenous artistic legacies — beads, cone-shaped metal jingles, shawl fringe — and occasional pieces of Gibson's individual artistic past, as with the inclusion of some of his washed, repurposed paintings.
Related Artists: Jeffrey Gibson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Found this good how-to article on rebuilding/upgrading ESXi servers that are already in an ESXi cluster. Good to review before you proceed with your upgrade. The most important thing would be to disconnect or disable your HBAs before you upgrade!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Cluster, ESXi, HA. Bookmark the permalink.


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Duchess to miss Invictus Games opening due to morning sickness
The Duchess of Cambridge, who is suffering from acute morning sickness, will not attend the Invictus Games opening ceremony this evening or the athletics event tomorrow, Kensington Palace said.
Kate, who is expecting her second child, was also forced to cancel an engagement in Oxford earlier this week.
Meanwhile, David Beckham has given some friendly advice to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge ahead of their new arrival - get some more sleep.
"With the commitments that they have to be a great mum and dad is pretty incredible," Beckham said.
There is already speculation that the royal couple's second child could be due in April.
8 September 2014 at 3:48pm
William 'thrilled' after Kate pregnancy announcement
William and Kate. Credit: PA
The Duke of Cambridge today said he was "thrilled" after it was announced the Duchess of Cambridge is expecting their second child, adding it had been "a difficult few days".
Last updated Wed 10 Sep 2014
Beckham offers some baby advice to William and Kate
David Beckham has given some friendly advice to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge ahead of their new arrival - get some more sleep!
In pictures: Duchess of Cambridge's first pregnancy
After it was announced the Duchess of Cambridge is pregnant with her second child we look back at her last pregnancy spent in the spotlight.
New Royal baby will be fourth in line to throne
Kate and William's second child will join second-born Royal children as being known as the "spare to heir".
William and Kate tour to 'strengthen' UK's links with Pakistan
How the royal family became victims of phone hacking
'Children's hospices provide vital sanctuaries,' says Kate in heartfelt letter


You can earn a 5% commission by selling Paco Pena: Toques Flamencos (Book & CD) on your website. It's easy to get started - we will give you example code. After you're set-up, your website can earn you money while you work, play or even sleep! You should start right now!


A truck crashed into a Christmas market in Berlin near the Zoologische Garten train station on Monday evening in one of busiest parts of the city. Police say 12 were killed and at least 48 injured, some seriously. They believe it was a deliberate attack.
A semi-truck plowed into a Christmas market in the crowded heart of Berlin on Monday evening at around 8 p.m. local time in what police believe may have been a deliberate attack. Berlin officials have confirmed that 12 were killed and 48 injured, some seriously, when the truck drove up onto the sidewalk.
Police on Tuesday morning described the incident as a "suspected terrorist attack."
The incident took place at the Christmas market at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church near the Zoologische Garten train station in the western part of the city, an area heavily frequented by tourists and locals alike with its proximity to Berlin's most popular shopping areas.
"At the moment, I do not want to use the word attack, although there is much to suggest it was," German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière told public broadcaster ARD on Monday night. Ralf Jäger, interior minister for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, went further, stating, "Going by everything we know, we have to assume this was an attack."
Early Tuesday morning, German Justice Minister Heiko Maas announced that the federal prosecutor in Karlsruhe has taken over the investigation, a strong indication that a terrorist background may be suspected.
According to media reports, the driver of the truck was at large immediately following the suspected attack but German police have reported that one suspect has been arrested and that he is believed to have been the truck's driver. Berlin public radio station RBB has reported that the suspect detained in the incident is a Pakistani national who is believed to have entered Germany as a refugee in 2015.
Police have confirmed that a passenger in the truck, identifed as a Polish national, was killed.
The dark truck, which has Polish license plates, drove into a 50- to 80-meter long stretch of the Christmas market at a high speed, also destroying several stands. A police spokesperson spoke of a "devastating scene." Police tweeted that they suspect the truck involved in the deadly incident may have been stolen from a construction site in Poland.
Ariel Z., the man whose shipping company owns the truck, said in an interview with broadcaster TVN 24 that the normal driver of the truck had been his cousin and that he had been unable to reach him by phone since 4 p.m. on Monday. Z. said he was certain his cousin was not the perpetrator. "Something must have been done to him," he said.
Berlin police have urged people to stay away from the site to make room for emergency vehicles and have warned against spreading rumors on social media. Police also requested that videos of the scene not be posted on the internet in order to protect the privacy of victims and their families. Facebook has activated its Safety Check feature so that friends, family and acquaintances can indicate that they are safe.
The area around the incident has been closed off and emergency facilities have been set up on site for the injured. Berlin Mayor Michael Müller said that that the situation was under control, according to the Berlin daily Morgenpost.
German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière said in the late evening that "my thoughts are with the family members of the victims and the injured in this horrific incident." Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman Steffen Seibert tweeted: "We are mourning the dead and hope that the many injured can get the help they need."
Monday's apparent attack evoked scenes of Nice, France, where a truck drove into a crowd in July, killing over 80 people.
In Germany and around the world, politicians expressed their sadness and shock over the development. "It is a bad evening for Berlin and our country," said German President Joachim Gauck. In Brussels, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said that he and his entire commission were "shaken" by the news. European Council President Donald Tusk tweeted, "Deepy saddened by news of deaths at Breitscheidplatz Christmas market. My thoughts are with the victims. Europe stands ready to help."


This Dental Malpractice Article was reviewed and approved by RI Personal Injury Lawyer, David Slepkow 401-437-1100. This Dental Malpractice Article was written by James Witherspoon.
Going to dentist can often be an uncomfortable experience. However, other than the occasional nick or pinch, more good is done in the dentist chair than harm. Dentists, like doctors, must adhere to the same professional standards and provide a optimal level of care to patients of all ages. Unfortunately, some dentists do not adhere to this professional responsibility and engage in certain forms of malpractice.
Even typical procedures like cleanings, cavity fillings, root canals or the placement of bridges or crowns can lead to serious complications that can have a profound impact on an individual's life. Not only can it affect speech, taste and feeling in your mouth, you could also experience infections from unsanitary equipment or conditions. In addition to physical and emotional suffering, victims could experience financial hardships as well, by incurring lost wages due to missed work or high-cost medical bills to correct the complication's results.
Dentists or dental assistants who behave in a negligent manner should be held responsible for their reckless behavior on the job. Luckily, certain laws exist to protect patients from these actions and can help them get justice as a result. However, you should not try to pursue this case on your own. Experienced lawyers can make sure that your case is presented in the best and most accurate light in order for you to obtain the best result possible. In addition, while you are recovering from your injury and getting your life back on track, a lawyer can help with all of the paperwork and complicated processes involved in your lawsuit while you are nursed back to health.


Located just above the Montecito Country Club, this historic 1920's estate, once home to the Forbes family underwent an elaborate restoration with the addition of a pool house and guest house. The 7,200 s.f. main home includes an open kitchen-living room and formal dining, a master suite, five guest suites, a media room & wine cellar surrounding a large central courtyard with a carved limestone fireplace & fountain. The new pool and cabana includes a sitting area with fireplace and the two-bedroom guest house overlooks the tennis court & formal gardens.


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From New York to Suzhou: A professor's guide to eating hairy crabs
Cultural historian Cheng Pei-kai recalls the very first time he tasted Yangcheng Lake's famed hairy crabs, not in China, but in New York. Since then, he has been smitten with the Chinese mitten crab, and is in no doubt as to why this delicacy takes pride of place in China's food heritage.
Biden may need China's help in Afghanistan
One solution that ended the Vietnam war may provide some lessons for bringing the Afghan war to an end during Biden's presidency. Forty years ago, the Nixon administration played the China card, enabling Washington to leave the Vietnam war. In the present, a replica of a Vietnam-inspired exodus — one moderated by China and its ally Pakistan — is worth pursuing. China has built relations with all of Afghanistan's neighbouring countries and has the capacity to build a regional infrastructure and economic network. US academic Ma Haiyun explores the possibilities.
Exemplary punishment: How China's using wolf-warrior tactics on Australia to warn the rest
Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian's recent tweet of an image depicting an Australian soldier holding a knife to a child's throat has brought China-Australia relations to a new low. While the Australian prime minister has softened his stance and even made goodwill gestures to China, these were rejected by Chinese officials and its people. Edwin Ong traces the deterioration of China-Australia relations and notes that China may not rein in its abrasive wolf-warrior tactics anytime soon. However, he says such tactics may not benefit China in the end.
Poverty alleviation in Tibet: For young Tibetans, material wealth and city life beckon
Following the Chinese government's poverty alleviation policies, Tibetans seem to be leaving their traditional livelihoods behind and carving out new lives. How is rapid modernisation affecting Tibetan traditions and culture? Are the two mutually exclusive and a choice that the Tibetans can make for themselves? How do Beijing's Tibet policies fare, and what criticisms do they face? Zaobao correspondent Yang Danxu joins a government-organised press tour of Tibet to find out.
History, collective memory and the beauty of Taiwan's old train stations
Like a song, a place can trigger a memory, an emotion. Preserving little landmarks is akin to preserving the collective memory of a city, says Chiang Hsun. Shared memories, more than any loud declaration, are the cornerstone of a people's culture, heritage and sense of belonging.


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Home Arts & Entertainment 'We Are Who We Are': The quest for identity in an "America"...
'We Are Who We Are': The quest for identity in an "America" away from America
Mila Dvorquez-Herrera
Jordan Kristine Seamón and Jack Dylan Grazer in episode eight of "We Are Who We Are," titled "Right Here Right Now VIII and Last." Photo credit: imdb.com
Immersing us into the messy and electrifying ups-and-downs of young adulthood, "Call Me by Your Name" director Luca Guadagnino understands a thing or two about coming-of-age stories. His newest work, "We Are Who We Are" is an HBO drama series that follows the unlikely friendship of two teenagers on an American Military base in Chioggia, Italy.
Guadagnino provides viewers with a voyeuristic glimpse into the lives of Fraser Wilson (played by Jack Dylan Grazer) and Caitlin Poythress (played by Jordan Kristine Seamón) as the two navigate the mundane reality of living in an "America" away from America. The secluded and sun-drenched environment encapsulates the daily lives of the teens, allowing for the blending of backgrounds, ethnicities and sexualties.
Fraser is a 14-year-old boy brimming with a turbulent and twitchy energy to match his unruly bleached-blonde hair, painted nails and obsession with designer clothing. His arrival from New York City brings with him an upheaval in the well-established dynamic of Caitlin and her friend group.
Despite outwardly appearing as opposites, Fraser recognizes a building sense of similarity with Caitlin when he spots her at a nearby cafe. Donning her dad's ill-fitting button down and a baseball cap covering her long locks, Caitlin creates her persona, "Harper" while flirting with a local Italian girl.
Struck by this moment, Fraser leaves Caitlin an offering of friendship – a pair of his jeans and a polo shirt-presumably better fitting than her baggy, borrowed clothes. The two quickly become each other's confidants and together push the boundaries of self identity and sexuality.
As the suffocating summer heat seeps into the lives and friendships of the pair, viewers are immersed into their first encounters of love and lust. The lapses of dialogue create an almost dream-like state of calm that feels as if we are right beside them.
"You've never kissed anyone before, have you?"
Caitlin's words echo through the silence of the opening scene of episode three. Taking his time to respond, Fraser likens his inexperience to a disdain for the fleeting nature of romantic relationships.
"I'm looking for stuff that means something."
His response is a testament to what it means to find your identity while growing up in the extensively global 21st century. Fast fashion, fast food, and as Fraser put it, fast feelings, all cloud our perception of each other and the world around us.
Unapologetically being who we are proves to be the only freeing means of survival.
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Scott Suttell Blog
Euclid's Mesocoat among WSJ's innovation award winners
MesoCoat Inc., a nanotechnology materials science company in Euclid, is one of the big winners in The Wall Street Journal's 2012 Technology Innovation Awards The winners all "tackled big problems — and came up with solutions that could make a real difference in people's lives," The Journal says. MesoCoat was named the winner in the Manufacturing Technology category for its CermaClad metal-coating process, which uses high-intensity light to fuse anti-corrosion materials to metal pipes. "The company says the technology produces better coatings with production rates 40 times faster than typical metal-cladding techniques at a 20% reduction of the cost," The Journal notes. "Cladding, in which corrosion- or wear-resistant materials are bonded to metals, is considered the best protection for pipes used in environments such as oil-and-gas production and mining." The newspaper says the secret to CermaClad "is a superhot plasma arc lamp that heats the surface of metal products to temperatures of up to 1,350 degrees Centigrade. Wear- or corrosion-resistant alloys, ceramics, cement or other materials are applied to the surface and bonded to the metal. Treated pipes can last at least six times longer than those using traditional methods." MesoCoat licensed the technology from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Commercial-scale production is expected in March 2013, the newspaper reports. Abakan Inc., the Miami-based parent of MesoCoat, recently announced the Euclid company closed a low-interest, $1 million loan under the Innovation Ohio Loan Fund. The loan allows MesoCoat to complete construction and equipment installation of its first full-scale manufacturing facility.
He'll need it
Football teams appreciate the value of a good ground game, and so do political campaigns. In a piece reported largely from Cleveland, Reuters looks at whether get-out-the-vote operations working on behalf of President Barack Obama will make a difference in a close race in Ohio. "If Obama holds off his Republican rival Mitt Romney in the crucial state of Ohio and goes on to win a tight race, it could be thanks to roughly 120 such field offices across the state — and hundreds more nationwide," according to the story. "They are home to an Obama 'ground game' operation that is sophisticated in identifying potential supporters yet basic in relying on personal contact from neighbors to register potential voters and help get them to the polls." Democrats tell Reuters that the "breadth of Obama's organization is unprecedented in national politics — a claim that draws skepticism from Republicans, who have built a large get-out-the-vote operation of their own." This part of the story might not endear swing voters to the president: At the meeting in Cleveland last month, Obama volunteers got tips on how to bring more people into the Democrats' fold. "We want to remind you that felons can vote — past felons, current, (and) waiting-to-be-sentenced," said Eletrice Harris, an Obama staff member, referring to Ohio's law that prevents felons from voting only if they are behind bars on Election Day. "We need to get them registered," Harris said, "because if they are not incarcerated on November the 6th, they can vote." (To be fair, felons are a tiny portion of the electorate, and this just falls into the category of doing everything you can to get every possible vote in a close race. Still …)
Citizens of the world
In her latest column for Forbes.com, NorTech CEO Rebecca Bagley highlights Northeast Ohio's growing role in the world. (And I'm not just linking to it because she references Crain's Cleveland Business. But it didn't hurt!) Ms. Bagley notes that U.S. metropolitan areas increased exports nearly 40% since 2009 to total $1.31 trillion in 2011. "Experts believe this increase is helping to drive our economic recovery, which supports the uptick we've been seeing in the manufacturing sector and the reshoring activity by companies like Caterpillar Inc., General Electric Co. and Ford Motor Co.," she writes. She adds that at the recent NEO World Trade Conference in Cleveland, Brian Kim of RBS Securities noted, "We're seeing that there is a lot of interconnectedness with the (world's) economies." (You can read a story about the conference here. A slideshow from the event is here.) Citing Crain's data, she writes that Northeast Ohio now is home to more than 600 foreign-owned operations. That interconnectedness is driven largely by exports. "Especially in a manufacturing hub like Northeast Ohio exports are an essential element of the regional economy," Ms. Bagley writes. "Simply put, many manufacturing companies pursue aggressive export programs because they're good for business."
You also can follow me on Twitter for more news about business and Northeast Ohio.


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The Pirates of Penzance
by Gilbert & Sullivan Austin
Jun. 15 - Jun. 25, 2017
Thursdays-Sundays
CTX Live Theatre Review
Gilbert & Sullivan Austin presents its summer 2017 grand production of The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty. Nine performances of this classic will be presented at the Worley Barton Theater at Brentwood Christian School, June 15-25, 2017.
The Pirates of Penzance will delight Austin theatergoers of all ages who relish tuneful music, dazzling staging, and hilarious shenanigans by a band of soft-hearted pirates, bumbling bobbies, and sweet Victorian maidens—not to forget that very model of a modern Major-General!
All performances will have supertitles for dialogue and lyrics. A special Children's Matinee is at 1 pm on June 18th, immediately prior to a 2 pm matinee performance. Children will be invited to come on stage and meet the cast, crew, and orchestra along with other activities.
A complimentary buffet with the cast follows the Friday, June 16 Gala Performance.
The Pirates of Penzance premiered in New York City in December of 1879, where the show was well received by both audiences and critics. Its London debut was in April of 1880. It is without question one of the most popular shows in theater history and has been performed around the world continuously for over 138 years. Pirates was the fifth Gilbert & Sullivan collaboration, and it introduced the ever-popular and much-parodied Major-General's Song.
GSA Artistic Director Ralph MacPhail, Jr. returns for his 16th season. Jeffrey Jones-Ragona, returning for his 20th season as Music Director, will conduct the 19-member Gillman Light Opera Orchestra.
Gilbert & Sullivan Austin (formerly The Gilbert & Sullivan Society of Austin) was founded in 1976 with the purpose of education by preserving and presenting the works of Gilbert & Sullivan. Known for its highly acclaimed annual grand productions from the G&S repertoire, the organization is also dedicated to spreading and teaching the joys of G&S through school and community presentations.
This project is funded and supported in part by a grant from the Texas Commission on the Arts and in part by the Cultural Arts Division of the City of Austin Economic Development Department. Visit Austin at
by W.S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan
Gilbert & Sullivan Austin
Thursdays-Sundays,
Brentwood Christian School
11908 N Lamar Blvd
June 15-25, 2017 / Thursdays-Sundays / 9 Performances
Evening performances Thursdays, Fridays, & Saturdays at 7:30 pm. Matinees at 2 pm June 18, 24 & 25.
Special Children's Activities Sunday, June 18 at 1pm.
Worley Barton Theater at Brentwood Christian School / 11908 N. Lamar Tickets $8-$27
Purchase tickets at www.gilbertsullivan.org or call 512.474.5664
For group sales of 10 or more contact Michael Meigs at 512.420.0888 or michael@gilbertsullivan.org
About Gilbert & Sullivan Austin
Gilbert & Sullivan Austin was founded with the purpose of educating the public and preserving the works of Gilbert and Sullivan. Formed in 1976 as the Gilbert & Sullivan Society …
9 casting calls
Productions by Gilbert & Sullivan Austin
The McAdo
The Sorcerer in Concert 2022
06/14/17: Cast in Performance: THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE, Gilbert & Sullivan Austin, June 15 - 25, 2017
06/02/17: Promo Video: THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE by Gilbert & Sullivan, G&S Austin, June 15 - 25, 2017


The Vice President Fund Development reports to the Region 10 Director/Miami Valley Chapter Executive Director and provides leadership and strategic vision to contributed revenue generation for the chapter through an integrated development program in alignment with the Alzheimer's Association nationwide strategic plan with a primary focus on mass market events and a lead role in corporate development and local board development.
?Actively participate in the chapter's senior management team to ensure effective integration of strategic directions throughout the organization.
The Longest Day and Reason to Hope) and gift processing.
?Develop and monitor individual performance goals in conjunction with each Development staff member to ensure strategic plan alignment.
?Provide direction to department managers in stewarding donors, participants, volunteers, and sponsors to strengthen connections to the organization and increase constituent involvement.
?Utilize and ensure compliance with the home office constituent events materials, guidelines, event models, and tool kits.
?Collaborate with region and state peers to enhance corporate partnerships and grow revenue.
?Establish and implement planning timelines, contributed revenue goals, expense budgets, and engagement strategies to achieve ambitious annual revenue goals.
?Craft messaging and correspondence for the Chapter Executive to high level partners and donors as appropriate.
?Work with the chapter Executive, state and regional colleagues to develop a strategic and impactful corporate engagement program that aligns companies' goals with those of the Alzheimer's Association's strategic plan.
?Primary accountability and responsibility for our Annual Reason to Hope Event. Create strategy and execute on challenge gift donors, corporate sponsorship, table hosts and day of gifts through the Reason to Hope committee.
?Cultivate and nurture relationships with current and prospective corporate partners and individual donors.
?In addition to the position's direct reports and the Chapter Executive, key internal relationships include Vice President of Programs/Operations, VP of Marketing and Communications.
?Collaborate with the Education and Support Services teams to maximize fundraising awareness and opportunities and identify prospective partnerships and volunteers.
?Home office and regional key relationships include Region 10 Director, Region 10 Development Directors, Regional Finance Director, and Regional Human Resources Manager.
?Ensure compliance with home office operational standards around local gift processing and periodic review of financial reports.
?Advocates for those we serve and the services offered by the chapter, provides information for partners in the community on the programs and services we provide, supports and participates in formal advocacy and public policy activities as requested.
?Interest in and/or willingness to develop working knowledge about Alzheimer's disease and dementia and the impact on diagnosed individuals, families, and caregivers.
?Ensure a full-mission approach to working with all members of the chapter team to achieve common goals.
?Alternate hours (mornings, evenings and weekends) required for donor, partner and committee meetings.


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Ancient Indian Caves
Gharapuri, Maharashtra 400094
Take a ferry from Gateway of India to the Elephanta Caves – Ornately sculpted, 7th-century cave temple on Island.
Mumba Devi Temple
The Mumba Devi road is to your right from the northern end of Zaveri Bazaar. It is a narrow street lined with stalls selling a spectrum of objects associated with Hindu religion — copper bracelets, rings, rudrakska malas, brass lingams, photgraphs of deities, incense, saffron and so on. Ochre clad sadhus flit along the street, their foreheads smeared with ash paste and vermilion.
Just outside the temple, the stalls sell flowers: garlands of sweet smelling jasmine, orange marigolds and pink lotuses — an offering, which is considered auspicious by the worshippers. The temple itself is not impressive but is an important landmark as it is dedicated to MumbaDevi, the city\'s patron deity. It is from her that Bombay gets its local name Mumbai. The temple is about six centuries old. The present structure of the Mumbadevi temple was built on the destruction of the earlier temple in 1737.
The first Mumbadevi temple was situated at Bori Bunder, and is believed to have been destroyed between 1739 and 1770. Legend goes that when Bombay was a cluster of seven islands inhabited by Koli fisherfolk, it was frequented by the demon Mumbaraka who terrorised the natives. To rid themselves of this misery, the people then prayed to Brahma, the Lord of Creation. Moved by their pleas, Brahma 'produced from his own body' the eight-armed goddess who then defeated Mumbaraka. The demon begged her forgiveness, requested her to take his name and built a temple in her honour.
Dressed in silver robes and adorned with nose studs sits Mumba, the presiding goddess of Mumbai, inside this temple at Phansi Talao. Mumba is a goddess without a mouth and is a local representation of Mother Earth, and is worshipped by the Koli fisherfolk. Beside the statue of the orange faced goddess MumbaDevi also reside idols of Indra, Ganesh and Hanuman. It is common belief that the goddess does not disappoint any of her devotees if they pray to her sincerely. The temple is closed on Mondays.
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InterContinental Mumbai
Marine Drive, Mumbai
InterContinental Marine Drive, Mumbai
InterContinental Marine Drive
Oceanfront boutique luxury in the heart of Mumbai.
135 Marine Drive,
Front Desk +91-22-39879999
Website [img courtesy]
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The Taj Mahal Palace
Apollo Bunder, Colaba, Mumbai
Opp. Gateway of India,
Apollo Bunder,
Colaba,
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Breach Candy, Mumbai
At the northern foot of the Malabar Hill, is a part now called Breach Candy, was a temple dedicated to three goddesses– Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasaraswati. A creek to the north separated the island of Mumbai from the Koli island of Worli. This creek was filled after the completion of the Hornby Vellard in 1784. Soon after, the modern temple of Mahalakshmi was built here. Breach Candy is one of the posh areas of Bombay and boasts of swanky showrooms, expensive apartments and the Breach Candy Hospital.
The Mahalaxmi Temple complex is easily distinguished by the flock of grey pigeons pecking at grain in its courtyard. Beyond the ornate gate is the shrine wherein resides the buxom goddess of Lucre — Laxmi. The compound of the temple is abuzz with stalls selling flower garlands and pious paraphernalia.
Image courtesy: Ryan
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Jain Temple
Walkeshwar, Mumbai
The Jain Temple is about fifteen minutes away by foot from the Kamala Nehru Park. In the 6th Century BC, Mahavira, a philosopher and thinker, founded the Jain Sect. He urged followers to eschew violence and reverse all forms of life. Adorning the walls of the opulent temple are frescoes of various incidents in the lives of the Tirthankaras (prophets).
Upstairs, a black marble shrine is guarded with celestial personifications of the planets, beautifully painted onto the ceiling. The temple is dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain Tirthankara. In accordance with the teachings of Mahavira, priests in the temple wear muslin masks over their faces, lest they kill germs and small insects while inhaling.
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Mani Bhavan
Laburnum Road, Gamdevi, Mumbai
One kilometre away from Khotachi Wadi is Mani Bhavan, the Bombay residence of Mahatama Gandhi. It is a two storeyed house which has the Gandhi Museum.
There is a reference library stocked with over 20,000 books, a photo exhibition of Gandhi's life and well-preserved memorabilia including an old charkha (spinning wheel) which belonged to the Mahatama.
Timings are from 9:30 am to 6:00 pm, on all weekdays.
[img courtesy]
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Town Hall and Asiatic Society
Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Mumbai
Walking for ten minutes down Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, from the Prince of Wales Museum, you come to the Town Hall, a colonnaded structure resting atop a huge flight of stone steps. The Hall is a majestic landmark with its parquet floors, spiral staircases, wrought iron loggias and old marble statues of long -forgotten city founders.
Located here is the Asiatic Library, a rather stodgy 'institution' of the bygone days as it still follows the practice of offering membership only to worthy citizens.
The Asiatic library has a teak lined athenaeum stacked with over 8,00,000 antique volumes including the invaluable first edition copy of Dante's Divine Comedy. You will also find here an amazing numismatic collection of 10,000 antique coins with a rare gold mohur belonging to the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
Despite the crack in the walls, the musty air and the paucity of funds, the Library still has a few loyal patrons who can be seen poring over the newspapers, daily Timings: 10:30 am to 5:00 pm except Sundays and holidays.
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Fort, Mumbai
Completed in 1864, The Flora Fountain was erected by the Agri-Horticultural Society of Western India out of a donation by Cursetjee Fardoonjee Parekh and is today, the hub of activity in town.
The area is barely ten minutes away by foot from Victoria Terminus station but this travel time stretches to an easy twenty-five minutes as you edge past vendors and their wares which clog the pavements along with the pedestrian traffic. Stalls selling books (old and new), magazines, newspapers, sex shop gizmos, cheap toys, Tee shirts, fake imported perfumes and aftershaves, flashy watches, shoes, bags, umbrellas, plastic items, Gucci lookalike sunglasses, stationery, cameras, cellphones, posters of Bollywood stars and starlets… you name it and it's there. Some of this stuff is smuggled and is original while most of it is spurious. You need a practised eye to detect the difference.
Across these stalls on the other side of the road is the prominent American Express building, providing a sharp contrast of the credit card culture emerging from within the walls of ancient Portland stone. Outside this building squat self-styled herbal practitioners, with ash smeared on their foreheads, who proffer their panaceas for any kind of medical ailment ranging from ear infection to constipation to sexual impotence. They attract a lot of curious passers-by.
There, in the midst of this demographic mosaic, stands the enthralling Roman Goddess of Flowers, gazing serenely at a pair of torch-bearing stone patriots of the Martyr's Memorial nearby. The square around Flora Fountain is now called Hutatma Chowk or Martyr's Place to honour those who died during the tumultuous birth of the state of Maharashtra.
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Kamala Nehru Park
Kamala Nehru Park is a park in India covering an area of 4,000 square feet (370 m2). Located at the top of Mumbai's Malabar Hill, it is named after Kamala Nehru, the wife of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
A place frequently visited by schoolchildren, it has little to offer by way of entertainment apart from a structure shaped like a shoe. The shoe structure is inspired by the nursery rhyme There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe.
From the garden, one can see the spectacular view of the city, Chowpatty Beach, and Queen's Necklace (Marine Drive).
Image courtesy: wikimedia
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Rajabai Clock Tower
The Rajabai Clock Tower was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott, an English architect.[1] He modeled it on Big Ben, the clock tower of the UK houses of Parliament in London.
The foundation stone was laid on March 1, 1869 and construction was completed in November 1878. The total cost of construction came to INR2 lakhs, a princely sum in those days. This entire cost was defrayed by Premchand Roychand, a prosperous broker who founded the Bombay Stock Exchange on the condition that the tower be named after his mother Rajabai.
Premchand Roychand's mother was blind and as a staunch follower of Jain religion she was supposed to consume her dinner before evening. The evening bell of the tower helped her to know the time without anyone's help.
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Founded in 1857, the University of Bombay is one of the first three oldest public state universities in India, located in the city of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra.
It was known as the "University of Bombay" until 1996, when the city of Bombay was renamed Mumbai. The university was renamed as per a gazette of the Government of Maharashtra dated September 4, 1996.
The University of Bombay was established in 1857 at the Fort campus, which is located near the southern end of Mumbai. It houses the administrative division of the university. It is built in the Gothic style of architecture. The Rajabai clock tower stands in the lawns of the campus. Also located in this campus is the convocation hall of the university, which has been accorded the status of a heritage structure by UNESCO.
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The Bombay High Court was inaugurated on 14 August 1862. Although the name of the city was changed from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995, the Court as an institution did not follow suit and remained as the Bombay High Court.
The work on the present building of the High Court was commenced in April 1871 and completed in November 1878. It was designed by British engineer Col. J.A. Fuller.
Architecture: Gothic revival in the Early English style. It is 562 feet (171 m) long and 187 feet (57 m) wide. To the west of the central tower are two octagonal towers. The statues of Justice and Mercy are atop this building.
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Colaba Causeway
Colaba Causeway, officially known as Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, is a commercial street, and a major causeway or land link between Colaba and the Old Woman's Island in the city of Mumbai, India.
It lies close to the Fort area, and to the east of Cuffe Parade, an upmarket neighbourhood in South Mumbai, and close by are Mumbai's famous landmarks, the Gateway of India and Taj Mahal Palace & Tower.
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Fashion Street
Opp. Bombay Gymkhana, MG Road, Fort, Mumbai
Fashion Street refers to a cluster of about 50 to 80 clothing shops on MG Road in South Mumbai, India. It is located just opposite Bombay Gymkhana. Bargain hard, prices quoted are subject to the whims of the seller and have little to no bearing on the actual sale price of the garment.
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Crawford Market
LT Marg, Fort, Mumbai
Probably the last bastion of British Bombay, poised between the two worlds — the Fort and the bylanes of the old town. The structure is a cross between Flemish and Norman architecture with a bas-relief depicting Indian peasants in wheat fields just above the main entrance.
The frieze was designed by Lockwood Kipling, father of British novelist Rudyard Kipling. He designed the fountain inside the market as well, but today it is barely visible, squashed under mounds of apples and mangoes.
Crawford Market covers an area of 72000 square yards and was built of coarse Coorla rubble, relieved by bright redstone from Bassein. The Arthur Crawford Market was built during the tenure of Arthur Crawford as Bombay's Municipal Commissioner.
The market was renamed Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Market after a famous social reformer and houses a wholesale fruit and vegetable market, poultry, fish and meat stalls and a few stalls selling smuggled goods like Mars, Toblerone and Kraft cheese.
During summer, the market smells of sweet mangoes as the King of Fruits swarms the place. If you happen to frequent this part of Mumbai city during summer, drop in at Badshah Juice Centre for a mango milkshake. You won't regret it.
The market is situated opposite the Mumbai Police headquarters, just north of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station and west of the J.J. flyover at a busy intersection.
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Opp. Regal Cinema, Colaba, Mumbai
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, formerly Prince of Wales Museum of Western India is the main museum in Mumbai, formerly Bombay.
The Prince of Wales himself laid the foundation stone of the Museum in 1905, during his visit to Bombay. Completed in 1914, the Museum was converted into a military hospital during the First World War and then formally opened in 1923.
From the Gateway, the Prince of Wales Museum is hardly five minutes away by foot. When you walk along the Chattrapati Shivaji Road past the Bombay Yacht Club, at the end of the road stands the Regal Cinema at the SP Mukherji Chowk. Directly opposite Regal is the domed museum — gothic and moorish in architecture in the remarkable cross of styles which eventually came to be known as Indo-Saracenic.
It is ensconced in the well manicured gardens, sharing the landscape with statues of British Generals and Chinese figurines. This four tiered goliath houses a priceless collection of over 2000 miniature paintings from various stylistic schools in India.
Among other artifacts feature a sizeable number of relics of the Indus Valley Civilisation and instances of Tibetan and Nepalese art. An entire gallery is devoted to the Buddhist tankha scrolls and another to Tibetan bronzes.
The museum houses approximately 50,000 exhibits of ancient Indian history as well as objects from foreign lands, categorized primarily into three sections: Art, Archaeology and Natural History. The museum houses Indus Valley Civilization artefacts, and other relics from ancient India from the time of the Guptas, Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakuta.
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Hanging Gardens of Mumbai
Malabar Hill, Walkeshwar, Mumbai
The Hanging Gardens, in Bombay, also known as Pherozeshah Mehta Gardens, are terraced gardens perched at the top of Malabar Hill, on its western side, just opposite the Kamala Nehru Park.
They provide sunset views over the Arabian Sea and feature numerous hedges carved into the shapes of animals.
The park was laid out in 1881 by Ulhas Ghapokar over Bombay's main reservoir, some say to cover the water from the potentially contaminating activity of the nearby Towers of Silence.
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Chowpatty Beach
Opp. Wilson College, Marine Drive, Mumbai
Chowpatty developed as a sort of base station leading upto Malabar Hill as it is inextricably linked to adjoining areas of Malabar Hill, Girgaum, Gamdevi and Khetwadi. At the northern end of Marine Drive, Chowpatty Beach is a virtual carnival every day in the evenings when people come there with their children for recreation.
The ferris wheels and merry-go-round hold attraction for the children and for the adults, the array of food stalls selling golas,chat, kulfi and bhel. Recommended only for those with a strong biology.
There are pony rides, snake charmers, self-styled gymnasts, monkey shows, eunuchs, astrologers and drug peddlers as well. The Chowpatty sea face has both residential and commercial buildings and there is a red light district behind. Consequently, in the evenings the area is flooded with unsavoury elements, pickpockets and well-muscled masseurs offering their services.
Ahead, to your right across the road stands Wilson College there is also a Nana Nani Park along Chowpatty Beach for the elderly to walk around in, sit and enjoy the sea breeze.
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DN Road, Fort, Mumbai
Earlier known as Victoria Terminus (VT Station), this is located a few yards from the General Post Office down Walchand Hirachand Road. Modelled along the lines of St. Pancras station in London, it boasts of carved stone friezes, stained glass windows, flying buttresses and gargoyles.
The station was christened to mark Victoria Jubilee Day in 1887 but is today, more known for the sea of frenzied commuters moving in and out through its massive arches. It was opened to the public on New Year's Day, 1882 and is now the starting point of the Central Railways. The Italian Gothic style, full of marvellous filigrees and carvings, merits detailed examination.
Unfortunately, some of the lovely carvings are at such an awkward height that you can only get a close view from the upper deck of a passing double-decker bus. Located in Bori Bunder, VT has been declared a Heritage Site.
A throbbing landmark of Mumbai city, VT Station was designed by FW Stevens for the Great Indian Peninsular Railway. Stevens had a penchant for experimenting with various styles of architecture, as is evident in a host on public buildings in Bombay. Atop the central dome stands the Roman goddess of prosperity, Progress. During her installation, she was struck down thrice by lightning and was reinstated thrice.
In the adjacent modern annexe reserved for long distance trains, there is a huge hall thronging with passengers and porters (commonly called coolies, and dressed in the traditional dhoti kurta, an attire typical of rural Maharashtra).
The entire complex throbs with commuters, pedestrians, cabs, buses, pan beedi shops and clothes stalls. Beware of pickpockets.
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The Gateway of India is a monument built to commemorate the landing of their Majesties King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder.
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text:
Дамјан Перовић је племенски капетан пореклом из Црне Горе, који се истакао у ослободилачкој борби против Турака.

Младост и опис
Рођен је 1852. године у Бјелопавлићима, у Црној Гори. Одрастао је у племену Бјелопавлићима, које је било у сталном сукобу са Турцима и чувало слободу у брдима Црне Горе.

Савременици га описују као "горостаса преко два метра, стасит и плећат, јуначина оштрог погледа и продорног гласа". Даље се каже да је био човек од дела и јунаштва. Код њега дата реч вредела је људске главе. У бој с Турцима Дамјан је ишао као у"сватове". Кад би појурио испред свога племена грабио је само напред и напред, а за њим су саплеменици јуришали. Он их је скоро носио, као да је имао змајева крила. Кажу, ни душмански куршум не хтеде јунака, као да је имао неку тајанствену амајлију, коју је носио и ишао у бој "прсат".

Одрастао је уз кућно огњиште, уз мркооке и бркате дедове и стричеве, оца барјактара Вукоте, Дамјан је рано научио шта је јунаштво и чојство, а од гуслара и певача учио се витештву, по примеру старих јунака, хајдука и ускока. Од малих ногу постао је умна глава. и без школе, учитеља и попа, Дамјан научио је да чита и пише, а када је одрастао старији саплеменици су му доделили леденице, кубуру и јатаган.

Племенски капетан Бјелопавлића
После неколико успешних бојева с Турцима Бјелопавлићи су се окупили на већање ради избора племенског капетана. Требало је за вођу племена да изаберу најхрабријег и најумнијег саплеменика. И тим чином избора најстарији ратници су истакли Дамјанове врлине и предложили га свом роду за племенског главара и капетана. Сви редом, млади и стари ратници, у знак покорности и послушности пољубише Дамјану руку.

У служби црногорског књаза
Добар глас о његовој оштроумности и о његовом јунаштву раширио се по Црној Гори и Брдима. па је добио позив од црногорског књаза Николе Петровића Његоша: "Капетане, Дамјане Перовићу, хитно приступи мом скуту и мом двору на Цетињу, на збор и договор. Имам с тобом важан оро. Никола." Књаз га је поставио за председника суда. Књаз Никола не само да је био јунак, па даровит политичар, државник и дипломата и писац већ је био и узоран пољопривредни стручњак. Уз крај ње напоре развијао је оскудну црногорску пољопривреду. Чак је основао узорна пољопривредна добра и домаћинства. И сам је садио племениту лозу и маслину. И своју војску, кад нема боја с Турцима, терао је да обрађује имања поред касарне и да сваки војник посади бар по једну маслину. Тако је из Барија и других места Италије доносио племените саднице и делио их народу бесплатно. Чак је у своје пољопривредно добро у Рисну пренео из Барија багремове саднице. Посадио је багрем, дуж своје међе, покрај новог маслињака. После много година успешног управљања судом, Дамјан Петровић је отпуштен јер је у спору између сељака и самог књаза пресудио у корист сељака. Након тога, књаз Никола Петровић га је протерао из Црне Горе.

Дамјану Перовићу није преостало ништа друго већ да се покупи са многољудном породицом и напусти Црну Гору. Са великом чежњом са супругом Великом и десеторо деце: Јагодом, Милутином, Цветом, Филипом, Владимиром, Стеваном, Спасеном, Божаном, Миланом и Вукосавом, пође ка Србији. Српско-турску границу прешао је на Јавору. Српске власти су га добро дочекале, призанле му капетански чин и бесплатну земљу у Петровцу, код Лесковца. Упутили су га да чува српско-турску границу на Голаку.

Досељавање у Србију
Мукотрпним радом, уз много зноја и жуљева, крчењем шума и шикара, Дамјан је добио њиве и саградио породичну кућу у Петровцу. У оно време сиромаштва стекао је добар иметак. Као "крсташ" морао је да се брани и од оних који су насртали на њега и његов дом, па и на имовину. И вечити би стражар и чувар кућног прага. Синове је посла да изучавају школе у свету, а убрзо му је стигло и писмо од Књаза Николе који му је опростио неслагања и заборавио на размирице. Чак му је подарио и пензију од Црногорског народа. Дамјан Перовић је примио заслужену црногорску пензију али се није покори књазу Николи и није заборави његово понижавање и протеривање.

Убрзо су у Србији избили ослободилачки ратови: с Турцима 1912., с Бугарима и Арбанасима 1913., и опет с Бугарима и Немцима 1914. године. Дамјанови синови и кћерке су били дорасли за оружје и рат, па су заједно са оцем у бој за слободу Србије кренуле његове кћери Јагода и Цвета, затим синови, добровољци српске војске — Владимир, ученик петог разреда лесковачке гимназије и један од 1300 српских каплара, па Стеван, ђак пољопривредне школе и Милутин, учитељ.

У боју код Преполаца, на Везировом мосту погинуо је његов син Владимир, а од туге за братом умрло му је још двојица синова. На дан школске славе Св. Саве, 27. јануара 1914, ученици и наставници Гимназије у Лесковцу, својим храбрим палим ученицима-ратницима на улазу у зграду, подигоше спомен-плочу. На њој је златним словима писало: "Споменик Андреји Петровићу, ученику VI разреда; Владимиру Перовићу, ученику V разреда; Миру Петровићу, ученику IV разреда и Михаилу Петровићу, ученику VII разреда, који су славно пали у рату за ослобођење 4. и 5. новембра 1912. године на Везировом мосту, подигнуто од његових наставника и другова ученика Лесковачке реалке". Писало је још: "Овако се гине за Отаџбину."

Позне године и смрт
Капетан Дамјан Перовић је 1915. са укућанима тешко доживе бугарску окупацију. Опљачкали су им имовину, ћерке заробили и стрељали, а њега затворили у заробљенички логор. Често су га мучили и тукли. Од силних батина 1918. предаао је мученичку душу Богу и у Сливену легендарни капетан заувек остави своје кости. Његов син Милан Перовић, свештеник у Кличевцу код Пожаревца, надживе све Перовиће. У старе дане вратио се у родни Петровац, где је умро 1983.

Референце

Рођени 1852.
Лесковчани
Срби у Црној Гори

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text:
Rumiñawi, born late 15th century in present-day Ecuador, died June 25, 1535, was a general during the Inca Civil War. Hispanicized spellings of his name include Rumiaoui, Ruminavi, Ruminagui, Rumiñagui, Rumiñahui. After the death of  Emperor Atahualpa, he led the resistance in 1533 against the Spanish in the northern part of the Inca Empire (modern-day Ecuador). According to tradition, he ordered the city's treasure to be hidden and the city burned to prevent looting by the Spaniards. Although captured and tortured, he never revealed the treasure. Since 1985, December 1 is celebrated as a day of commemoration of his acts.

Life
Born in Pillaro in modern Tungurahua Province in Ecuador, his given name was Ati II Pillahuaso. Inca historians tend to believe that he was Atahualpa's half-brother, born from a native noble woman.

Later in life, after becoming an important warrior and military leader, he was called Rumiñawi (Kichwa rumi meaning stone, rock, ñawi meaning eye, face, "stone eye", "stone face", "rock eye" or "rock face",

When Francisco Pizarro imprisoned Atahualpa and held him in the Ransom Room, Rumiñawi took forces to Cajamarca to deliver a huge amount of gold for his release.

After the Spaniards executed Atahualpa, Rumiñahui returned to Quito.  He is believed to have ordered the Treasure of the Llanganatis thrown into a lake or buried in snow.

Sebastián de Benalcázar headed to Quito, intent on any treasure he could recover. The forces of Rumiñawi and Benalcázar met at the Battle of Mount Chimborazo, where Rumiñawi was defeated. However, before the Spanish forces captured Quito, its treasures were secreted away.

To prevent the Spanish soldiers from looting the city, Rumiñawi had ordered it to be burned. He also ordered the principal ladies of the temples who refused to flee, to be killed, to prevent their being captured and assaulted by the foreign soldiers. Rumiñahui was eventually captured by the Spanish, who tortured and killed him. But he never revealed the location of the treasure.

Legacy
In 1985 the Ecuadorian Congress made December 1st an annual day of remembrance for Rumiñawi, as an indigenous hero and defender of the Kingdom of Quito.
Rumiñahui's portrait was the prominent image on the front of the 1,000 Ecuadorian sucre note.

References

Further reading
Moya Espinoza, Reynaldo. La conquista en Piura.

15th-century births
1535 deaths
History of Ecuador
Inca Empire people
Indigenous military personnel of the Americas